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GLSCL Baseball: Mariners fall to Docs, 8-5
DAYTON — The Dayton Docs scored three runs in the sixth inning to pull ahead for good in an 8-5 win over the Grand Lake Mariners on Wednesday night to extend the Mariners' losing streak to three games.
The Docs put up the three-spot after the Mariners scored two runs in the fifth inning to tie the game, 4-4.
A Brian Bien RBI groundout and Brady Stewart's two-run single off Mariner reliever Will Schierholz put the Docs up 7-4.
Dayton added an unearned run in the seventh inning off Trevor Kill, a Mariners righthander and St. Marys Memorial grad. Kill worked an inning giving up one hit and the unearned run after third baseman Michael Timm's fielding error set up the inning.
Spencer Rohr, a New Bremen grad and Mariner outfielder, started in left field and went 2 for 4 with a stolen base — his third of the summer.
Grand Lake (8-22) jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the second inning on Ryan Barnes two-run double.
The Docs then sent nine batters to the plate in the bottom of the fourth and put up four runs. Jesse Rait drove in two with a single, Sawyer Polen scored on a pass ball and Zach Mosbarger brought home a run with a fielder's choice.
That was the end of the night for Mariners starter Dan Ditusa, who went three and one-third innings and gave up four runs while striking out two and walking two.
Grand Lake tied the game with two runs in the fifth on Kyle Haen's RBI double and a Cody Meyer RBI single.
Grand Lake will try to snap a three-game losing streak when it hosts the Lima Locos on Friday night at 7:15 p.m. at Jim Hoess Field at Westview Park in Celina.


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Report: F Aminu to re-sign with Pelicans
NEW ORLEANS (AP) — Al-Farouq Aminu has agreed to a 1-year extension with the New Orleans Pelicans, a person familiar with the situation said.
The person spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity Saturday because NBA rules prevent the deal from becoming official until July 10.
On his Twitter page, Aminu posted the message: "Excited to be back in NOLA."
The extension was first reported by the Times-Picayune, which said the deal was for $3.7 million.
The 6-foot-9 Aminu, heading into his fourth NBA season, started 71 games last year, playing mostly at small forward. He averaged career highs of 7.3 points and 7.7 rebounds per game, with season-highs of 20 rebounds against Dallas on April 17 and 18 points against Boston on Jan. 16.
Aminu was drafted eighth overall out of Wake Forest in 2010 by the Los Angeles Clippers. He came to New Orleans as part of a 2011 trade that sent Chris Paul to the Clippers, and which also brought shooting guard Eric Gordon to the Pelicans, who were then called the Hornets.
Aminu's first chance to start regularly came last season, and coach Monty Williams spoke highly of Aminu's rebounding and all-around athletic ability. But Aminu was unable to demonstrate that he could provide consistent scoring from the wing position, and the Hornets went into this offseason with both Williams and general manager Dell Demps acknowledging that the club was looking to acquire another small forward.
A recent trade reported by multiple outlets including AP will bring Tyreke Evans to New Orleans once it's official should help the Pelicans in that area when matchups allow. However, the 6-6 Evans appears more suited to playing shooting guard and would likely have a height disadvantage if forced to play heavy minutes on the wing.
Demps said during the NBA draft that he expected to be very active in free-agency. His next moves could include not only the acquisition of another wing player, but also a center.
Robin Lopez, who started at center for New Orleans last season, was sent to Portland as part of the three-team deal involving Evans that was agreed upon on Thursday — and also sent guard Greivis Vasquez to Sacramento.

subset: commoncrawl


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Medical Services
The Medical Unit consists of an examination/treatment room, x-ray and dental suite, medication area, mini-lab, patient waiting room, and cells for housing observation patients. Staffing is provided 24/7, and consists of RNs, LPNs, Medical Assistants, X-ray Tech, Lab Tech, Dentist, Dental Assistant, Physician, Nurse Practitioner, and a Mental Health Professional.
The range of services includes medical, dental, mental, and preventive healthcare. Screening for TB, HIV, and Syphilis is offered as well. Area hospitals and medical specialists are regularly utilized.
All individuals receive an initial healthcare screening while in the booking area of the Detention Center. Once they are moved to the housing units, a more thorough examination is conducted in the Medical Unit by a RN, physician, or nurse practitioner. Necessary medications and treatments are provided, and chronic medical conditions are followed regularly by the physician, nurse practitioner, or an appropriate outside medical specialist.
In addition to the chronic care services that are delivered, Health Appraisals, Yearly Physicals, Sick Call Requests, Nurse Evaluations, and Urgent Evaluations are conducted daily in the Medical Unit. Medical staff likewise responds to emergent needs within each unit. Mental health needs are addressed by the Mental Health Officer in the form of Mental Health Evaluations, Mental Health Follow-ups, and necessary counseling. CED Mental Health Center assists with providing routine psychiatric services.
Doctors' Care Physicians, P.C.
Doctors' Care Physicians, P.C., of Gadsden, AL, is the medical contractor for the Etowah County Detention Center. The group has been providing services to the Detention Center since 2005.
Doctors' Care is a primary care group practice, founded in 1984, by Roger S. Buck, MD who is the Medical Director.
Cassi R. Kellett, RN, MSN serves as the Health Services Administrator. Both are Certified Correctional Healthcare Professionals, and the Etowah County Detention Center is accredited by the National Commission for Correctional Healthcare.
A Message From The Sheriff
This site is maintained as a public service for the citizens of Etowah County. As Sheriff, it is my pleasure to serve you in this manner. If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to contact us.


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Style # 217325
AVAILABILITY: Unavailable for immediate shipment.
With a playful leopard print and totally sexy fit, this bebe tee is sure to amp up just about any bottom. Try yours with a colorful-hued skirt and a statement necklace.
- 92% nylon, 8% spandex
- Center back to hem: 23" (58 cm)
- Hand wash according to care label
- Made in USA with imported materials
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Leopard Jacquard Tee is rated out of 5 by 5.
Rated 5 out of 5 by brendamty from super slim This top slims down the body so much, is amazing! I got the pink one in P/S and fits just right. Love it with a peplum black skirt and high hills :)
Date published: 2014-02-04
Rated 5 out of 5 by Enigma42310 from Beautiful and well made I had been looking at this shirt for a while, but didnt buy it because I wasn't sure about the neckline...when it went on sale I went ahead and bought it. I am so glad that I did! It's stretchy so it hugs your body and is very flattering. I ordered a small and am 5'1 and about 90lbs...because I am so short I am actually able to wear this as a dress with black pantyhose under it. If this comes out in other colors I will definitely be buying those as well!
Date published: 2013-07-19
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jackie626 from so sexxxxy! Ladies get this top. So sexxxy without a need to be too revealing. Form fitting and oh so cute! I had it for two weeks and worn it twice already with lots of compliments. Thats saying alot considering i have soooooo much clothes to chose from. Love BeBes all I where.
Date published: 2013-07-11
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mayime from This product has an excellent fit. As the customer above just wrote. It fits your body right and tight.
Date published: 2013-06-18
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mirta420 from Great top! This top is made of a very thick stretchy material. when you first look at it, it appears as if it will be on the small side, but because it stretches so much, it just conforms to your body. The material really holds you in. i can't wait to wear it.
Date published: 2013-06-13


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Congressmen concerned by large number of potential leakers in Trump-Russia investigation
Members of Congress are concerned over the number of national security leakers who are potentially responsible for releasing information about the intelligence community's investigation into possible collusion between Donald Trump's campaign and the Russian government.
During the first open Congressional hearing into Russia's meddling in the 2016 election, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) James Comey and director of the National Security Agency (NSA) Adm. Mike Rogers revealed the existence of potentially dozens of individuals who could have leaked the damaging information about ties between the Trump team and the Russian government.
At the center of the leak scandal was former national security adviser Mike Flynn, who was dismissed by President Trump in February after the Washington Post and New York Times first reported on the existence of intelligence transcripts. Those leaked transcripts revealed discussions between Flynn and the Russian ambassador.
It is presumed that Flynn's conversation was swept up incidentally under an existing Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FSA) Court order. His identity was then "unmasked" by someone in the intelligence community with authorization to do so and that information was then passed along to the press with career-ending consequences for Flynn.
The questions raised by members of the House Intelligence Committee on Monday centered on who within the government was responsible for leaking that information.
While FBI Director Comey was unable to confirm or deny the existence of an investigation into the national security leaks, both he and Adm. Rogers reaffirmed that the disclosure of classified information is illegal, and as Comey said, "very serious."
Accordinng to Rogers, there are twenty individuals at the NSA who have the authority to "unmask" the identity of an American person whose communications are intercepted in the course of foreign intelligence collection, including himself. Twenty people seems like a relatively small number of people to investigate to ferret out a leak, but that information is shared between agencies under certain circumstances, and there are other agencies who can unmask a U.S. person.
Even though the FISA Court does not authorize surveillance on Americans, when a U.S. person proves to be of interest for either national security or criminal reasons, their communications with a foreign intelligence target can be monitored. The process of allowing anyone within the intelligence community to investigate a U.S. citizen based on foreign intelligence intercepts is closely regulated, the NSA and FBI directors testified.
When asked to explain the circumstances under which the NSA would pay closer attention to a U.S. person and choose to unmask their identity, Rogers explained, "We'll try to understand the nature of the conversation: Is this something that truly involves intelligence or national security....or is this just a normal reasonable conversation?" He continued, "If we decide there is criminal activity, we would send to FBI."
That is where the number of potential leakers begins to multiply.
The NSA, the FBI, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Department of Justice all have the authority to reveal the identity of a U.S. person swept up in foreign intelligence investigation, Comey said. Defending FBI culture as "obsessive" in respecting FISA law, he acknowledged that the number of people at the FBI who can access that information is "surely more" than the twenty at NSA.
Congressman Thomas Rooney (R-Fla.) is concerned that when so many people can potentially reveal the identity of a U.S. person picked up by foreign intelligence, it jeopardizes Americans' privacy.
"If the people that leaked this stuff to the press aren't held accountable, then how can anybody feel safe?" Rooney emphasized. He worries that the information released about Mike Flynn and other recent intelligence leaks could erode confidence, and limit the ability of the intelligence community and the lawmakers who oversee it to "reassure" the American public that they are not "being listened to without their consent."
Throughout the nearly five and a half hour hearing, both the NSA and FBI director were severely limited in what they were able to say, and that extended to not confirming whether or not the FBI was investigating the national security leaks.
"It's frustrating to me that I don't know who those people are that did the leaking or what the status of that is," Rooney said. He further noted that the potentially large pool of people who had access to classified information is "a lot more people than just the very tops of each agency," which will make the investigation process a lot more difficult.
The intelligence community is still in the early phases of its counterintelligence investigation and has not produced any definitive proof of collusion between the Trump team and the Russian government. This ambiguity has led a number of conservatives to focus on the leaks that are fueling the narrative of alleged Trump-Russia ties.
Trump himself tweeted before the hearing that the real investigating taking place should center around "the leaking of Classified information."
Rep. Peter King (R-N.Y.) told reporters that he is not surprised that there was routine surveillance taking place that swept up Trump associates, but he believes some of the information gained in that surveillance "was illegally leaked to hurt the president."
"I'm concerned about finding out who in the government is ... illegally leaking out classified, top secret information. That to me is the issue," King said, repeating Comey's testimony that "crimes were committed by people in the government by leaking out information."
The White House has repeatedly suggested that the leaks against Trump were likely done by individuals appointed under former President Barack Obama.
Monday's Intelligence Committee hearing is only the first in a series of public hearings on Russian involvement in the election and possible U.S. collusion. The Senate is expected to hold its first open hearing on March 30. The Senate intelligence panel will hear from cybersecurity and intelligence experts. There are no administration officials on the agenda.
According to Rep. Will Hurd (R-Tex.) the House Intelligence Committee will continue to chase down information on the national security leaks that have challenged President Trump during his first two months in office.
"The committee has said we're gonna investigate four things in a bipartisan and thorough fashion: What actual cyberattacks happened, what was the government's response to those attacks, any individual Americans that were potentially connected to Russians, and the leak of classified information," Hurd stated.


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Lee's Summit North wrapped up the Suburban Big Six boys soccer title Monday night.
Hunter Pickering and Cody Hoffman each scored two goals to lead the Broncos to a 4-1 victory at Blue Springs South.
"Hoffman is one of the best finishers I've seen in a long time," South coach Jon Grice said. "We have to do a better job of responding in critical situations."
The Broncos led 2-0 at halftime and were ahead 4-0 when Jacob Gowan's penalty kick accounted for the Jaguars' lone goal.
North, which has won 15 in a row, is 16-2-1 overall and 9-0 in the conference. South dropped to 13-9-1 and 7-2.
Blue Springs South's junior varsity claimed a 1-0 win.
PARK HILL SOUTH 6, TRUMAN 2: The visiting Panthers rushed out to a 4-0 halftime lead on their way to a Suburban Middle Six victory. Truman finished 3-7 in conference play and fell to 4-16 overall.
"We didn't show up ready to play and it showed first half," Truman coach Jared Byrne said. "We defended much better in the second and put some offense together to make it a game. Two long-range shots put the game away."
Park Hill South got goals in the first 10 minutes from Ryan Dansloy and Dylan Kintner, and Jordan Lindsey and Kintner added goals for the big halftime lead.
Truman's Christian Villa scored in the 47th and 57th minutes, with an assist from Landon Rogers on the first tally, to pull the Patriots within 4-2. But South got goals from Josh Hall and Matt Breen down the stretch.
Alex Villa made 14 saves in goal for the Patriots.
TRI-CITY CHRISTIAN: Tri-City Christian finished the season 11-7 and took fourth in the Missouri Christian Schools Athletics Association. Forward Seth Sanders (31 goals, 8 assists) and senior goalkeeper Alex Anderson (100 saves, three shutouts) were named first-team all-state, while junior sweeper Conner Hill (3 goals) was a second-team honoree.
Eighth-grader David Ruiz was the team's second-leading scorer with 14 goals and four assists. Sophomore Grant Guinn and freshman Alex Ruiz (9 assists) added five goals apiece.


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All Weather, Inc. has released ACE-IDS 2.0, the next generation of air traffic control display systems. ACE-IDS 2.0 combines the reliability of the certified ACE-IDS hardware platform with the power of StormFront, a new real-time data collection and display software engine.
Designed to meet the needs of both air traffic controllers and operations technicians, the software allows airports and radar approach control facilities around the world to design and build display pages to suit the needs of each operational position. The system is platform independent, compatible with a variety of operating systems including Windows, Solaris, UNIX, and Linux. Prices for a complete workstation, including hardware and software, start at under $10,000.


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If you're not familiar with the Greater Kansas City metro area, what you'll find may surprise you – a vibrant city and flourishing suburban communities, rolling hills and tree-lined boulevards, a thriving economy driven by thousands of small businesses, tech start-ups, medical research, and headquarters of companies like Hallmark and Sprint.
Ours is a community of good schools, cultural amenities, acclaimed dining (particularly our BBQ) and affordable living. Most importantly, it's a community with a heart – friendly, easy-going, and forward-thinking. That's why Kiplinger Magazine and other publications have rated Kansas City as one of the 50 Smart Places to Live!
Many outsiders are confused that there's a Kansas City, Kansas and a Kansas City, Missouri. Simply put, we are one big metropolitan area that happens to have a state border down the middle. Each side has its bragging rights but we Kansas Citians treat it as one.
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Congratulations are in order for our local schools. Taylor County elementary and middle and Campbellsville middle schools won multiple awards last Friday at this year's Kentucky Junior Beta Convention in Louisville.
TCES won first place in the Songfest competition, TCES fifth-grader Raegan Mardis won second place in the black and white photo category and fifth-grader Emma Sadler won third place in the color photo category.
TCMS won first place for talent, campaign skit and candidate speech.
As we move rapidly into the final eight days of this short session, the General Assembly has come to a major turning point.
As many of you know, Kentucky faces an immense unfunded liability in our public employee pension system.
This week was significant as the first piece of legislation for the 2013 General Assembly was signed into law.
Have you ever made a mistake? Sure you have. Perhaps it was minor, and it had minor consequences.
Even if your mistake was more serious, that, too, came with consequences.
Did you suffer for your mistake and pay for it by dealing with those consequences? If so, then it's all behind you, and you should be able to move on with your life. Shouldn't you?
That's what some Kentucky lawmakers believe, and they will face legislation that supports that belief during the current legislative session in Frankfort.
For many victims of sexual assault, the physical attack is often just the beginning.
But during this General Assembly, our lawmakers have an opportunity to make the ordeal a little less complicated for those who become pregnant by their rapists.
Kentucky is one of 34 states where, because of a loophole in current law, women who become pregnant as a result of rape could face further harassment from their attackers when they sue for parental visitation rights to the child.
Rep. Dennis Keene, D-Wilder, has filed a bill to close this loophole.
During his news conference in the wake of the killings at Sandy Hook Elementary School, President Obama pushed hard for Congress to quickly enact new and more restrictive gun control measures.
He also signed 23 executive orders positioned as actions to keep our nation's children safe.
When athletes score a touchdown or hit a home run, sportscasters often say, "Act like you've been there before."
That's good advice, especially for politicians like presidents and governors who are re-elected to office.
When being elected, there's always a celebration for the official inauguration of a president or governor. That's fine.
For too long, Kentuckians have been held back because of partisan bickering and political games when the legislature is in session. Hopefully, with new leadership, that will change.
We don't believe there was much love lost between House Speaker Greg Stumbo, D-Prestonsburg, and former Senate President David Williams, R-Burkesville, and that applied to Williams and Gov. Steve Beshear as well. All were guilty of playing partisan games that, at the end of the day, only hurt Kentuckians.
There used to be a saying that if you were out of state and murdered someone, be sure to get rid of the body in Kentucky. Local law enforcement officials, with their limited resources, not to mention competency, would never solve it. Sure enough, over the years bodies were deposited in Kentucky and their killers were never found. In some cases, it took decades just to identify the victim.
CKNJ Editorial Board
From triumphs to deaths, Taylor Countians made headlines in 2012.
While compiling our annual Year In Review stories, the CKNJ staff has spent time reliving the past year.
We read about city and county business, business closings and expansions, retirements and hires, crime and much more.
Read about the Top 10 stories of 2012 on today's front page. The year in sports was featured in the Monday, Dec. 31, issue.
They were piled high and deep, from tabletops to ceilings. Toys were everywhere.
From baby clothes to toy cars to makeup sets to brand new bicycles and movie tickets, many children in Taylor County have Christmas gifts today thanks to generous donations.
Toys for Kids and Toys for Tots officials said this year's effort to raise money to buy toys for children who might otherwise not have Christmas gifts generated about $35,000. With that money, toys were bought for about 500 children.
And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.
And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.
And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.
And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, (because he was of the house and lineage of David,) to be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
If there is a single issue on which lawmakers, business leaders and Kentucky taxpayers can agree, it's the need for overhaul of the state's tax code.
It's important to understand a question before formulating an answer.
State Auditor Adam Edelen made several questions very clear last week about Kentucky's special taxing districts after his office spent six months developing a report on what it calls ghost governments.
Among them: What is a special taxing district? How many exist in Kentucky? Who oversees them?
How does the public get information about how they spend public money?
What's the process for dissolving a district?
As we celebrate a season of thankfulness this week, many will gather around a table with family and friends to enjoy a meal. As we do this, we should remember that there are others who are not as fortunate.
Thanksgiving is a time to offer special thanks for all we are blessed with throughout the year, but it should also be a time when we think of those who are not blessed with a hot meal or may not have a roof over their heads.
For the sake of the people of Clinton, Cumberland and Monroe counties, here's hoping the good David Williams shows up as circuit judge — and not the petty partisan bully whose ego frequently got the best of him as president of the state Senate.
Gov. Steve Beshear, who thrashed Williams in the race for governor last year, used his appointment powers to rid the legislature of his Republican nemesis.
Do you like to complain? A lot of people do and they will especially do it when it comes to politics.
There's an old saying that goes, "If you don't vote, you can't complain."
That saying is very true and if you don't care enough to get out and cast your vote on Election Day, why should anyone care to hear what you have to say about the state of politics, whether it be on a local or national level?
Child abuse is an unspeakable injustice that doesn't discriminate against race, religion or socioeconomic status.
In recent years, Kentucky and Indiana have ranked among the worst states in the nation for deaths and near-deaths resulting from child physical abuse.
It only takes a moment to do some good for someone else. Often we might find ourselves too busy to stop and think about the well being of others, but one person in Taylor County recently did just that, and we should all stop and take notice of his heroic actions.
On Saturday afternoon, there will be excitement in the air as friends, visitors and alumni of Campbellsville University arrive on campus. Some will be there for the first time, while others will return after years away from a place that has always had a special spot in their hearts.
Homecoming is about celebrating and Campbellsville University deserves to be celebrated. Not only does the university educate students from Taylor and other counties, it also has a massive economic impact on the community, which totals more than $93 million.
Copyright © 2018
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


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7 Reasons to Skip the Circuit City Liquidation
1. Nothing is that cheap: Liquidators are a tricky breed. As soon as the liquidation went into effect, just about everything in the store was reverted to its original price. All sales were stopped and things got a lot more expensive before being subjected to a standardized percentage discount. That copy of Lemmings for the PSP would have cost you $30 plus tax last week. Drop by today and it will cost you about $32 after the 20% discount. The same principle applies to countless other products across the store. The Garmin Nuvi 205 will run you $180 after the discount, but less than $140 on Amazon with free shipping.
2. All sales are very, very final: So, you couldn't resist the call of the Nuvi's cute little touch screen and you bought it anyways. You get to your car hoping to enjoy the novelty of letting it guide you home on roads you've driven a thousand times. You open it, only to find that the power cord is missing. What recourse do you have? You can bring it back inside where they will essentially say, "no backsies." Or, you can buy a new cord from Amazon, where you should've gone in the first place.
3. The employees have stopped caring: Employees at big box electronics stores aren't renowned for their vast knowledge base or unquenchable need to make their customers happy. Hand them a memo announcing that they would soon be jobless in one of the worst economic crap storms this country has ever seen and you have a workforce of people who are more likely to stand around in groups laughing between shorts bursts of handing out questionable information. But no one looked sadder than the lone Fire Dog tech I saw standing around. His demeanor was so pathetic, I couldn't bring myself to even grab his photo. The only thing that could have made it more appropriate is if he were actually in the act of filling out a Geek Squad application.


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Rather good music videos: 2013 - rolling thread
This is as much about the video as the song (or it can be just about the video - rather than the song).
A few that I've liked so far this year
The Elwins 'Forgetful Assistance'
...amazing use of technology. Just imagine how long this took to orchestrate?! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rv92T-NooOY
Yo La Tengo's 'Ohm'
...seems to be rather passive aggressive, it's almost an anti-video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BauiMlA0VVo
Marissa Nadler 'Wedding'
...this is wonderfully simple, I'm kinda impressed by how cheaply some people manage to encapsulate the mood of their music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGSpv32z88Y
Ed Harcourt 'Hey Little Bruiser'
...this is a JAG, but I was blown away with what the Contented Brothers subtly did for the first single from the first album on my new label CCCLX. Hope you like it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgqAcuZBaK8
- MIDDLEMAN this'd this
Phosphorescent's 'Song For Zula'
Great tune. Simple but effective video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPxQYhGpdvg
- badmanreturns this'd this
- LdnMetropolitanElite this'd this


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How to Take integrate Breaks
Take Many Micro-Breaks. Every 30 to 60 seconds drop your hands to your lap
and let your arms, shoulders and hands go limp. At the same time wiggle
your shoulders. Use every opportunity such as:
Take Frequent Larger Movement Breaks. Every 30 to 60 minutes change
positions, alternate tasks, or perform movements for about 1 to 5 minutes.
These large movements assist lymph return, improve blood flow and
redistribute physical strains and pressures, such as disc compression from
sitting. Use every opportunity to change your position such as:
Install a Computer Interrupt Program. These are programs that remind you
to take breaks. The following programs can be downloaded from the web for
a free test ride.
Copyright 2003 Erik Peper, Ph.D. and Katherine Hughes Gibney
Permission to copy and distribute Healthy Computing Email Tips for
personal use is granted. Distribution or copying of Healthy Computing
Email Tips for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written
consent of the copyright holders


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- 00:15 Boarding Points Time Boarding Point 00:15 Edapal 1h 0m → 01:15 Dropping Points Time Dropping Point 01:15 Thrissur TownKallada Travels (Suresh Kallada)A/C Sleeper (2+1)795 Fare Details Rs795 - Sleeper
Rs901 - Sleeper
- 02:30 Boarding Points Time Boarding Point 02:30 Edappal Bus Stand 1h 15m → 03:45 Dropping Points Time Dropping Point 03:16 Trissur 03:45 ThrissurCOCHIIN ExpressLeyland A/C Seater Pushback (2+2)472 Fare Details Rs472 - Seater
- 23:30 Boarding Points Time Boarding Point 23:30 Edapal 1h 0m → 00:30 Dropping Points Time Dropping Point 00:30 Thrissur TownKallada Travels (Suresh Kallada)Volvo B9R Multi Axle Semi Sleeper (2+2)735 Fare Details Rs735 - Semi Sleeper
FAQ about Buses from Edappal to Thrissur
How many buses are running between Edappal to Thrissur on the daily basis?
3 buses are running between Edappal to Thrissur. Out of which 3 are sleeper buses, 3 are AC buses.
What is the ticket price for different types of buses on the Edappal to Thrissur bus route?
The minimum fare for Volvo is 735 on Edappal to Thrissur bus route.
How many seats are available for different types of buses on the Edappal Thrissur bus route?
48 seats for Volvo buses are available for today's booking.
When does the first Edappal to Thrissur bus leaves for the day?
The first bus for Edappal to Thrissur bus route leaves at 00:15. It is a other bus and fare for this bus is ₹795.
When does the last bus leaves for Thrissur from Edappal?
The last bus for Edappal to Thrissur route leaves at 02:30. The ticket price for this other bus is ₹472.
Who are the popular operators on the Edappal to Thrissur bus route?
Top operators on the Edappal to Thrissur bus route are Kallada Travels (Suresh Kallada) and COCHIIN Express .
How many buses are GPS enabled?
Total 2 buses are GPS enabled on this route so that anyone can track his bus.
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Popular attractions in Thrissur
- Institute of Mural Painting
Established in the year 1989, the Guruvayoor Devaswom's Institute of Mural Painting is situated in the East Wada of Guruvayoor Temple. Its history dates back to the year 1970 when a fire mishap in the Guruvayur Temple Complex damaged Sreekoviland the paintings on the three walls. While decorating the walls as a part of the renovation, the authorities observed a lack of qualified artists who could do the required kind of paintings.
- Tomb of Shakthan Thampuran
Tomb of Shakthan Thampuran is the only historical place which reflects the history of the city. Thrissur was ruled by........
- Athirapally Falls
Nestled at a distance of hardly 78 km away from the Cochin town, Athirapally falls is a famous picnic spot in Thrissur. You will find an incredible view of......
- Nava Mukunda Temple
This temple is located on the banks of river Bharathapuzha in Thirunavaya and is dedicated to Nava Mukunda, a form of .......


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There is much talk, both positive and negative, relating to the XL Keystone Pipeline. It would pump crude tar sand oil from Canada across the U.S to Texas, where it would be refined and sold overseas.
I happen to be in accord with the latter since in no way does the pipeline profit the American people, but rather exclusively the already bloated petroleum industry.
For the public, what is left is a three-foot diameter filth filled funnel snaking its way south waiting to burst. Those with a positive view have been conned into thinking that this filthy crude will somehow help us to become oil independent.
Nevertheless a pipeline could be a positive thing and truly benefit the people. Imagine if in lieu of the KXL Pipeline, we built an H2O pipeline delivering desalinated water to our decimated states that have suffered through devastating droughts.
The technology is there. No more disputes concerning the shrinking Colorado River while lowering, however infinitesimally, the rising ocean.
Nicholas Zizelis


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I can't even express how truly honored & grateful I am to be able to participate in the Design House. Here's a photo from the DC Design House facbooke page of the outside of the 2011 home:
The DC Design House benefites The Childrens National Medical Center which is "the largest non-governmental provider of pediatric care in the District of Columbia and treats all patients regardless of their families' ability to pay. Each year Children's provides more than $50 million in uncompensated care. As a nonprofit hospital, Children's National relies on the generous support of individuals, corporations, and foundations to meet the health needs of children..."
I'll keep you posted as the date nears, but it's set to run April 9th - May8th.
The address is 3134 Ellicott St, NW
Do you remember this succulent that had me all excited a while back?
It was growing in the garden room of the design house.
It completely embodies the feeling I'm after for the space I have (an upstair bedroom/ sitting room) and I just love how fresh and luminous it is. I'll definitely keep you posted on everything and if you're in the area, hopefully you'll be able to make it to see for yourself! I'm teaming up with some amazing people including local artist John Matthew Moore.
I'm thrilled & honored to be joining a super-talented group of designers for this year's Design House:
James Rill (Rill Architects), Liz Levin, Patrick Sutton, Erin Paige Pitts, Nadia Subaran (Aidan Design), Whitney Stewart, Gary Lovejoy, Nancy Colbert, Camille Saum, Denise Willard, Barbara Franceski, Samantha Friedman, Jason Hodges, Cindy McClure, David Mitchell and Iantha Carley
A huge congratulations to the other designers selected and cheers to the 2011 House!
If you'd like help creating a home you absolutely love, contact me about our design services.


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Discussion in 'Installation/Configuration' started by eddie-prefere, Nov 8, 2012.
Will ISPConfig3 work perfectly with Apache 2.4+ - will all features still be supported?
Thank you.
Have not tested it yet, but I see no reason why it should not work.
It works fine - tested and everything with nginex, right - and nginex is suppossed to serve more pages with less memory and cpu usage thatn apache 2.4, right?
nginx is faster and uses less resources then apache, but it also has less functions, especially no .htaccess support. When you plan to switch to nginx, you should evaluate first if it provides all functions that you need for your sites as it is not a simple drop in replacement for apache.
do you mean that nginx wouldn't be right for drupal 7 sites, or wordpress 3 sites?
The "nice" URL features of these cms systems will not work out of the box as the rewrite rules delivered as part of this cms systems will not work on nginx. You will have to trnslate them into nginx rules and insert the nginx rules in the nginx directives field of the website to get the url features working.
So the cms systems will work on nginx, but you have to manually insert and adjust rewrite rules if you want to use all features of the cms systems.
Most people do not bother to optimaze apache webserver which can be rather slow with default settings. The point is that it can be slow and it can be fast. How apache performs is up to you.
You can find the correct nginx configuration for these CMS here:
Separate names with a comma.


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What Will Marvel Studio's Third Phase Look Like?
We've been covering Avengers news for over a year now, changing this feature from a regular piece leading up to the release of The Avengers to a broader examination of Marvel's "Phase Two" as they build toward the Avengers sequel. "Phase Two" includes sequels (Iron Man 3, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Thor: The Dark World) and new properties (Ant-Man, Guardians of the Galaxy) which will all lay the groundwork for the eventual Avengers 2 (slated for May 2015). In fact, there's been such a steady stream of news from Marvel Studios that it's barely left any room for this fanboy to speculate about what Marvel is planning next.
So, please indulge us this week as we take a step back from the official news and daydream about what Marvel's "Phase 3" might look like. It's probably safe to assume that post-Avengers 2 we'll see another pair of Captain America and Thor sequels (and possibly first sequels for Ant-Man or Guardians), but what characters might be brought to life before the eventual third Avengers film?
Black Panther is the fan favorite, and rumors from a few months ago had it pegged as the "secret" film that eventually turned out to be Guardians of the Galaxy. T'Challa, king of the technologically advanced African nation of Wakanda, is granted the identity of the Black Panther from an ancient deity and gains enhanced strength, stamina and senses that he uses to fight crime in his home continent and abroad. Black Panther has been an on-again/off-again member of the Avengers, so he's a natural fit for a team leading up to Avengers 3.
The character has been circled by Hollywood for years now, but no one has pulled the trigger on a Panther solo film. Wesley Snipes tried to develop it for himself during the '90s, eventually opting to play Marvel's Blade when a Black Panther film couldn't come together. More recently, director John Singleton flirted with the material, but development on the film stalled out for whatever reason. There's a perception that Marvel is unsure how to market a black superhero to a white audience, and although Blade was successful, it wasn't Iron Man successful ($70 million to Iron Man's $318 million). Marvel may not settle for any of their films grossing less than $200 million at this point in the game, but they shouldn't let race become their deciding factor.
They also shouldn't let gender affect their decision making. The Avengers have a long history of strong female characters in their ranks, but we only got one woman on the team on the last go-round. There's nothing planned in "Phase Two" that leads us to believe that they're adding anyone before Avengers 2 either (unless Wasp shows up in Ant-Man, fingers crossed). What about a Captain Marvel solo film?
Carol Danvers has only recently adopted the Captain Marvel name; for most of her career she was known as Ms. Marvel (with brief stints as Binary and Warbird). There's been a continuous push in the past 10 years to make Danvers the premiere female superhero at Marvel Comics -- their version of Wonder Woman, if you will. While she hasn't quite become as instantly recognizable as Wonder Woman, she has built a substantial following and could easily carry a film on her own.
Danvers is an Air Force security chief who gains powers when exposed to energies from an accident involving alien (Kree) technology. Her physiology is actually changed into a half-human/half-Kree hybrid, and she gains superstrength, flight and can force energy blasts from her hands. Under the hand of writer Kelly Sue McCormick, Danvers received a relaunched solo comic book, with Danvers dropping the Ms. Marvel name for the more authoritative Captain Marvel (and it reflects her military rank). In that title, McCormick has played up Danvers' gleeful obsession with aviation as a defining character trait, and her early adventures in that book have spun off from her military background.
A Captain Marvel solo film is a great place to introduce the alien races of the Kree and their lifelong enemies, the Skrull. If that happens, could Avengers 3 be a cinematic adaptation of the classic "Kree-Skrull War" storyline? In it, the Avengers finds themselves drawn into a deadly war between two intergalactic races when the Earth is threatened by their battle. Captain Marvel, the movie, would be a fantastic place to lay the groundwork, if so.
Though the character had a stint in the New Avengers comic, Dr. Strange is considered more of a solo character, and he's one that fans have been clamoring for in a movie of his own for quite some time. Marvel did a lousy Dr. Strange TV movie back in 1978, but special effects have come so far, the weird world of the Master of the Mystic Arts would be fully realized today.
Stephen Strange was a skilled surgeon who damaged his hands in a car accident and pursued a cure through mysticism to restore his abilities. With the blessing of the mystic Tibetan Ancient One, Strange was educated in the ways of the arcane, and returned to the States not as a surgeon, but as the Sorcerer Supreme. Out of the three characters mentioned here, Strange might just be the hardest sell to mass audiences. His world is horror-tinged and unapologetically weird. It would make for exciting cinema, but he's definitely the least traditional superhero out of the three.
There's no telling what else Marvel might do between Avengers 2 and Avengers 3. Guardians of the Galaxy was a huge curveball - the comics publisher doesn't even have a monthly Guardians comic on the stand. Daredevil might be coming back to the studio in October (wrested away from 20th Century Fox), and Marvel has any number of characters who might fit between the Avengers sequels (personally, my fingers are crossed for a She-Hulk film).
What projects would you like to see as part of Marvel's third phase of films?
John Gholson is a life-long comic book fanboy who has previously covered all manner of superhero news at AOL. After dabbling with comic book self-publishing in the '90s, John moved on to study sequential art at the Savannah College of Art & Design, and currently produces a regular web comic, 'Appetite for Destruction,' for Tapsauce.com. You can read his Marvel Studios Countdown here at Movies.com every other week.
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2018 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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Bill Flynn doesn't remember every professor from his college days. But he'll never forget the one who helped make him what he is today.
The leader of the University of Wyoming's robust neuroscience program hopes he has the same impact on the students who share his laboratory to study the workings of the human brain.
"When I was an undergraduate, I had a professor at the University of Colorado-Boulder who just instilled this excitement in me," says Flynn, a professor in the Department of Zoology and Physiology who joined the UW faculty in 1986 and director of the university's National Institutes of Health (NIH) Neuroscience Center. "I even had the opportunity to work in his laboratory, and that just seemed to reinforce my interests.
Years after Dr. Philip Groves helped lay the groundwork for Flynn's career as a neuroscientist, the UW professor has established himself among the nation's finest in his field. Flynn's research has been funded, remarkably, for the past 28 years by the NIH, with his reputation playing an integral role in the NIH's decision to financially support UW's neuroscience research efforts in 2000, 2006 and again in 2011.
With Flynn in front of the charge, UW has grown its 30-year-old graduate Neuroscience Program to include 16 students annually, bolstered interdisciplinary relationships across campus and strengthened its commitment to neuroscience research through the hiring of new faculty and the addition of supplemental instrumentation.
The expansion of UW's Microscopy Facility—President Tom Buchanan has been one of its strongest advocates dating to his days as a vice president—has been especially critical. The facility's newest instrumentation allows UW neuroscience investigators to better identify the structural bases that occur in neurons and their synapses in response to a variety of physiological events, development and several neurodegenerative diseases.
UW Vice President for Research and Economic Development Bill Gern and the university's Office of Academic Affairs also have strongly supported the university's advances in neuroscience.
"Every five years when we seek to renew our funding, the NIH expects us to document institutional support as well as strong research progress. We've done exceedingly well in each review criteria," Flynn says. "There's just a good marriage between the funding we can provide through the NIH grants and what the institution provides to us. We could have significant research funding but if there's no support from the administration, we'd simply be wasting the funding."
In addition to facilitating cutting-edge research, the UW Neuroscience Center sponsors an annual lecture series that attracts key international researchers who share their expertise about brain function and disease with citizens around the state. It's like Groves taught Flynn all those years ago: Neuroscience affects everybody's life.
"All you have to do is ask yourself, 'Is anybody in my family suffering from Alzheimer's, from hypertension, from depression, from schizophrenia?' I would expect everybody could identify a friend or family member with some sort of neurological, brain-related disorder," says Flynn. "Our goal in neuroscience is to understand how and why that occurs and to try to correct it. We're going to keep working until we do."
To learn more, visit uwyo.edu/profiles/faculty-staff/bill-flynn-nih-grant.html


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Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa
Edna Wangui
Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.
The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists' drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
Aerosols and Climate
Bjørn H. Samset
Among the factors that affect the climate, few are as diverse and challenging to understand as aerosols. Minute particles suspended in the atmosphere, aerosols are emitted through a wide range of natural and industrial processes, and are transported around the globe by winds and weather. Once airborne, they affect the climate both directly, through scattering and absorption of solar radiation, and indirectly, through their impact on cloud properties. Combining all their effects, anthropogenic changes to aerosol concentrations are estimated to have had a climate impact over the industrial era that is second only to CO2. Their atmospheric lifetime of only a few days, however, makes their climate effects substantially different from those of well-mixed greenhouse gases.
Major aerosol types include sea salt, dust, sulfate compounds, and black carbon—or soot—from incomplete combustion. Of these, most scatter incoming sunlight back to space, and thus mainly cool the climate. Black carbon, however, absorbs sunlight, and therefore acts as a heating agent much like a greenhouse gas. Furthermore, aerosols can act as cloud condensation nuclei, causing clouds to become whiter—and thus more reflecting—further cooling the surface. Black carbon is again a special case, acting to change the stability of the atmosphere through local heating of the upper air, and also changing the albedo of the surface when it is deposited on snow and ice, for example.
The wide range of climate interactions that aerosols have, and the fact that their distribution depends on the weather at the time and location of emission, lead to large uncertainties in the scientific assessment of their impact. This in turn leads to uncertainties in our present understanding of the climate sensitivity, because while aerosols have predominantly acted to oppose 20th-century global warming by greenhouse gases, the magnitude of aerosol effects on climate is highly uncertain.
Finally, aerosols are important for large-scale climate events such as major volcanoes, or the threat of nuclear winter. The relative ease with which they can be produced and distributed has led to suggestions for using targeted aerosol emissions to counteract global warming—so-called climate engineering.
Atmospheric Blocking in Observation and Models
Stefano Tibaldi and Franco Molteni
The atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres is usually dominated by westerly winds and by planetary-scale and shorter-scale synoptic waves, moving mostly from west to east. A remarkable and frequent exception to this "usual" behavior is atmospheric blocking. Blocking occurs when the usual zonal flow is hindered by the establishment of a large-amplitude, quasi-stationary, high-pressure meridional circulation structure which "blocks" the flow of the westerlies and the progression of the atmospheric waves and disturbances embedded in them. Such blocking structures can have lifetimes varying from a few days to several weeks in the most extreme cases. Their presence can strongly affect the weather of large portions of the mid-latitudes, leading to the establishment of anomalous meteorological conditions. These can take the form of strong precipitation episodes or persistent anticyclonic regimes, leading in turn to floods, extreme cold spells, heat waves, or short-lived droughts. Even air quality can be strongly influenced by the establishment of atmospheric blocking, with episodes of high concentrations of low-level ozone in summer and of particulate matter and other air pollutants in winter, particularly in highly populated urban areas.
Atmospheric blocking has the tendency to occur more often in winter and in certain longitudinal quadrants, notably the Euro-Atlantic and the Pacific sectors of the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, blocking episodes are generally less frequent, and the longitudinal localization is less pronounced than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Blocking has aroused the interest of atmospheric scientists since the middle of the last century, with the pioneering observational works of Berggren, Bolin, Rossby, and Rex, and has become the subject of innumerable observational and theoretical studies. The purpose of such studies was originally to find a commonly accepted structural and phenomenological definition of atmospheric blocking. The investigations went on to study blocking climatology in terms of the geographical distribution of its frequency of occurrence and the associated seasonal and inter-annual variability. Well into the second half of the 20th century, a large number of theoretical dynamic works on blocking formation and maintenance started appearing in the literature. Such theoretical studies explored a wide range of possible dynamic mechanisms, including large-amplitude planetary-scale wave dynamics, including Rossby wave breaking, multiple equilibria circulation regimes, large-scale forcing of anticyclones by synoptic-scale eddies, finite-amplitude non-linear instability theory, and influence of sea surface temperature anomalies, to name but a few. However, to date no unique theoretical model of atmospheric blocking has been formulated that can account for all of its observational characteristics.
When numerical, global short- and medium-range weather predictions started being produced operationally, and with the establishment, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, it quickly became of relevance to assess the capability of numerical models to predict blocking with the correct space-time characteristics (e.g., location, time of onset, life span, and decay). Early studies showed that models had difficulties in correctly representing blocking as well as in connection with their large systematic (mean) errors.
Despite enormous improvements in the ability of numerical models to represent atmospheric dynamics, blocking remains a challenge for global weather prediction and climate simulation models. Such modeling deficiencies have negative consequences not only for our ability to represent the observed climate but also for the possibility of producing high-quality seasonal-to-decadal predictions. For such predictions, representing the correct space-time statistics of blocking occurrence is, especially for certain geographical areas, extremely important.
Celebrities and Climate Change
Julie Doyle, Nathan Farrell, and Michael K. Goodman
Since the mid-2000s, entertainment celebrities have played increasingly prominent roles in the cultural politics of climate change, ranging from high-profile speeches at UN climate conferences, and social media interactions with their fans, to producing and appearing in documentaries about climate change that help give meaning to and communicate this issue to a wider audience. The role afforded to celebrities as climate change communicators is an outcome of a political environment increasingly influenced by public relations and attuned toward the media's representation of political ideas, policies, and sentiments. Celebrities act as representatives of mass publics, operating within centers of elite political power. At the same time, celebrities represent the environmental concerns of their audiences; that is, they embody the sentiments of their audiences on the political stage. It is in this context that celebrities have gained their authority as political, social, and environmental "experts," and the political performances of celebrities provide important ways to engage electorates and audiences with climate change action.
More recently, celebrities offer novel engagements with climate change that move beyond scientific data and facilitate more emotional and visceral connections with climate change in the public's everyday lives. Contemporary celebrities, thus, work to shape how audiences and publics ought to feel about climate change in efforts to get them to act or change their behaviors. These "after data" moments are seen very clearly in Leonardo DiCaprio's documentary Before the Flood. Yet, with celebrities acting as our emotional witnesses, they not only might bring climate change to greater public attention, but they expand their brand through neoliberalism's penchant for the commoditization of everything including, as here, care and concern for the environment. As celebrities build up their own personal capital as eco-warriors, they create very real value for the "celebrity industrial complex" that lies behind their climate media interventions. Climate change activism is, through climate celebrities, rendered as spectacle, with celebrities acting as environmental and climate pedagogues framing for audiences the emotionalized problems and solutions to global environmental change. Consequently, celebrities politicize emotions in ways that that remain circumscribed by neoliberal solutions and actions that responsibilize audiences and the public.
Changes in Precipitation Over Southern Africa During Recent Centuries
David Nash
Precipitation levels in southern Africa exhibit a marked east–west gradient and are characterized by strong seasonality and high interannual variability. Much of the mainland south of 15°S exhibits a semiarid to dry subhumid climate. More than 66 percent of rainfall in the extreme southwest of the subcontinent occurs between April and September. Rainfall in this region—termed the winter rainfall zone (WRZ)—is most commonly associated with the passage of midlatitude frontal systems embedded in the austral westerlies. In contrast, more than 66 percent of mean annual precipitation over much of the remainder of the subcontinent falls between October and March. Climates in this summer rainfall zone (SRZ) are dictated by the seasonal interplay between subtropical high-pressure systems and the migration of easterly flows associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Fluctuations in both SRZ and WRZ rainfall are linked to the variability of sea-surface temperatures in the oceans surrounding southern Africa and are modulated by the interplay of large-scale modes of climate variability, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Indian Ocean Dipole, and Southern Annular Mode.
Ideas about long-term rainfall variability in southern Africa have shifted over time. During the early to mid-19th century, the prevailing narrative was that the climate was progressively desiccating. By the late 19th to early 20th century, when gauged precipitation data became more readily available, debate shifted toward the identification of cyclical rainfall variation. The integration of gauge data, evidence from historical documents, and information from natural proxies such as tree rings during the late 20th and early 21st centuries, has allowed the nature of precipitation variability since ~1800 to be more fully explored.
Drought episodes affecting large areas of the SRZ occurred during the first decade of the 19th century, in the early and late 1820s, late 1850s–mid-1860s, mid-late 1870s, earlymid-1880s, and mid-late 1890s. Of these episodes, the drought during the early 1860s was the most severe of the 19th century, with those of the 1820s and 1890s the most protracted. Many of these droughts correspond with more extreme ENSO warm phases.
Widespread wetter conditions are less easily identified. The year 1816 appears to have been relatively wet across the Kalahari and other areas of south central Africa. Other wetter episodes were centered on the late 1830s–early 1840s, 1855, 1870, and 1890. In the WRZ, drier conditions occurred during the first decade of the 19th century, for much of the mid-late 1830s through to the mid-1840s, during the late 1850s and early 1860s, and in the early-mid-1880s and mid-late 1890s. As for the SRZ, markedly wetter years are less easily identified, although the periods around 1815, the early 1830s, mid-1840s, mid-late 1870s, and early 1890s saw enhanced rainfall. Reconstructed rainfall anomalies for the SRZ suggest that, on average, the region was significantly wetter during the 19th century than the 20th and that there appears to have been a drying trend during the 20th century that has continued into the early 21st. In the WRZ, average annual rainfall levels appear to have been relatively consistent between the 19th and 20th centuries, although rainfall variability increased during the 20th century compared to the 19th.
Climate and Health across Africa
Benjamin F. Zaitchik
Humans have understood the importance of climate to human health since ancient times. In some cases, the connections appear to be obvious: a flood can cause drownings, a drought can lead to crop failure and hunger, and temperature extremes pose a risk of exposure. In other cases, the connections are veiled by complex or unobserved processes, such that the influence of climate on a disease epidemic or a conflict can be difficult to diagnose. In reality, however, all climate impacts on health are mediated by some combination of natural and human dynamics that cause individuals or populations to be vulnerable to the effects of a variable or changing climate.
Understanding and managing negative health impacts of climate is a global challenge. The challenge is greater in regions with high poverty and weak institutions, however, and Africa is a continent where the health burden of climate is particularly acute. Observed climate variability in the modern era has been associated with widespread food insecurity, significant epidemics of infectious disease, and loss of life and livelihoods to climate extremes. Anthropogenic climate change is a further stress that has the potential to increase malnutrition, alter the distribution of diseases, and bring more frequent hydrological and temperature extremes to many regions across the continent.
Skillful early warning systems and informed climate change adaptation strategies have the potential to enhance resilience to short-term climate variability and to buffer against negative impacts of climate change. But effective warnings and projections require both scientific and institutional capacity to address complex processes that are mediated by physical, ecological, and societal systems. Here the state of understanding climate impacts on health in Africa is summarized through a selective review that focuses on food security, infectious disease, and extreme events. The potential to apply scientific understanding to early warning and climate change projection is also considered.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan
Kenshi Baba, Masahiro Matsuura, Taiko Kudo, Shigeru Watanabe, Shun Kawakubo, Akiko Chujo, Hiroharu Tanaka, and Mitsuru Tanaka
The latest climate change adaptation strategies adopted by local governments in Japan are discussed. A nationwide survey demonstrates several significant findings. While some prefectures and major cities have already begun to prepare adaptation strategies, most municipalities have yet to consider such strategies. This gap must be considered when studying the climate adaptation strategies of local governments in Japan, as municipal governments are crucial to the implementation of climate adaptation strategies due to high diversity in climate impacts and geographical conditions among municipalities within each prefecture in Japan. Key challenges for local governments in preparing adaptation strategies are the lack of expert knowledge and experience in the field of climate change adaptation, and compartmentalization of government bureaus. To address these issues, an interview study of six model prefectures in the SI-CAT (Social Implementation Program on Climate Change Adaptation Technology) project by the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) was conducted in order to understand the details of challenges raised by adaptation among local governments in Japan. The survey results reveal that local government officials lack information regarding impact projections and tools for evaluating policy options, even though some of them recognize some of the impacts of climate change on rice crop, vegetable, and fruit production. In addition, different bureaus, such as agriculture, public health, and disaster prevention, focus on different outcomes of climate change due to their different missions. As this is the inherent nature of bureaucratic organizations, a new approach for encouraging collaboration among them is needed. The fact that most of the local governments in Japan have not yet assessed the local impacts of climate change, an effort that would lay the groundwork for preparing adaptation strategies, suggests the importance of cyclical co-design that facilitates the relationship between climatic technology such as climate models and impact assessment and local governments' needs so that the technology developments clarify the needs of local government, while those needs in turn nurture the seeds of technology.
Climate Change and Geopolitics
Simon Dalby
Historic discussions of climate often suggested that it caused societies to have certain qualities. In the 19th-century, imperial representations of the world environment frequently "determined" the fate of peoples and places, a practice that has frequently been used to explain the largest patterns of political rivalry and the fates of empires and their struggles for dominance in world politics. In the 21st century, climate change has mostly reversed the causal logic in the reasoning about human–nature relationships and their geographies. The new thinking suggests that human decisions, at least those made by the rich and powerful with respect to the forms of energy that are used to power the global economy, are influencing future climate changes. Humans are now shaping the environment on a global scale, not the other way around. Despite the widespread acceptance of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate-change action, numerous arguments about who should act and how they should do so to deal with climate change shape international negotiations. Differing viewpoints are in part a matter of geographical location and whether an economy is dependent on fossil-fuels revenue or subject to increasingly severe storms, droughts, or rising sea levels. These differences have made climate negotiations very difficult in the last couple of decades. Partly in response to these differences, the Paris Agreement devolves primary responsibility for climate policy to individual states rather than establish any other geopolitical arrangement. Apart from the outright denial that humanity is a factor in climate change, arguments about whether climate change causes conflict and how security policies should engage climate change also partly shape contemporary geopolitical agendas. Despite climate-change deniers, in the Trump administration in particular, in the aftermath of the Paris Agreement, climate change is understood increasingly as part of a planetary transformation that has been set in motion by industrial activity and the rise of a global fossil-fuel-powered economy. But this is about more than just climate change. The larger earth-system science discussion of transformation, which can be encapsulated in the use of the term "Anthropocene" for the new geological circumstances of the biosphere, is starting to shape the geopolitics of climate change just as new political actors are beginning to have an influence on climate politics.
Climate Change and Migration
Silja Klepp
The topic of climate change and migration attracts a strong following from the media and produces an increase in academic literature and reports from international governmental institutions and NGOs. It poses questions that point to the core of social and environmental developments of the 21st century, such as environmental and climate justice as well as North–South relations.
This article examines the main features of the debate and presents a genealogy of the discussion on climate change and migration since the 1980s. It presents an analysis of different framings and lines of argument, such as the securitization of climate change and connections to development studies and adaptation research. This article also presents methodological and conceptual questions, such as how to conceive interactions between migration and climate change. As legal aspects have played a crucial role since the beginning of the debate, different legal strands are considered here, including soft law and policy-oriented approaches. These approaches relate to questions of voluntary or forced migration and safeguarding the rights of environmental migrants.
This article introduces theoretical concepts that are prompted by analyzing climate change as an "imaginative resource" and by questioning power relations related to climate-change discourses, politics, and practices. This article recommends a re-politicization of the debate, questions the often victimizing, passive picture of the "drowning" climate-change migrant, and criticizes alarmist voices that can trigger perceived security interests of countries of the Global North. Decolonizing and critical perspectives analyze facets of the debate that have racist, depoliticizing, or naturalizing tendencies or exoticize the "other."
Climate Change and Severe Thunderstorms
John T. Allen
The response of severe thunderstorms to a changing climate is a rapidly growing area of research. Severe thunderstorms are one of the largest contributors to global losses in excess of USD $10 billion per year in terms of property and agriculture, as well as dozens of fatalities. Phenomena associated with severe thunderstorms such as large hail (greater than 2 cm), damaging winds (greater than 90 kmh−1), and tornadoes pose a global threat, and have been documented on every continent except Antarctica. Limitations of observational records for assessing past trends have driven a variety of approaches to not only characterize the past occurrence but provide a baseline against which future projections can be interpreted. These proxy methods have included using environments or conditions favorable to the development of thunderstorms and directly simulating storm updrafts using dynamic downscaling. Both methodologies have demonstrated pronounced changes to the frequency of days producing severe thunderstorms. Major impacts of a strongly warmed climate include a general increase in the length of the season in both the fall and spring associated with increased thermal instability and increased frequency of severe days by the late 21st century. While earlier studies noted changes to vertical wind shear decreasing frequency, recent studies have illustrated that this change appears not to coincide with days which are unstable. Questions remain as to whether the likelihood of storm initiation decreases, whether all storms which now produce severe weather will maintain their physical structure in a warmer world, and how these changes to storm frequency and or intensity may manifest for each of the threats posed by tornadoes, hail, and damaging winds. Expansion of the existing understanding globally is identified as an area of needed future research, together with meaningful consideration of both the influence of climate variability and indirect implications of anthropogenic modification of the physical environment.
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Courtsey of Last Rites Art Gallery
About The Project
Believing that creativity is a vital force for all of humanity, Last Rites Gallery supports ICAF in funding art programs for children across the world. Last Rites owner, Paul Booth, has raised thousands of dollars for ICAF since his first involvement with them in 2008, and founded The Art Fusion Experiment as a means of benefitting charities and connecting artists worldwide.
The Art Fusion Experimentdemonstrates through collaborative painting, contemporary artist's ability to work together as a community.
In this spirit of sharing & global community, Last Rites is has hosted a large-scale collaborative painting project, the results of which are being auctioned off for charity.
Fifteen artists around the world received 24" x 30" canvas panels to sketch using pencil/ charcoal/ ink in order to design and lay the groundwork for a finished painting. The panels were then sent back to Last Rites for a select group of artists to collaboratively paint & finalize.
The project is a mash up of the heaviest hitters in the realms of fine art, tattooing and illustration- some of them familiar faces at Last Rites, as well as special guests. The event has enabled some of the most talented artists around globe to work together for the first time… and for a good cause!
Featured Artists
Ana Bagayan, Angie Mason, Annie Owens, Anthony Pontius, Beau Stanton Billy Norrby, Brian Despain, Brian Murphy, Buddy Nestor, Chris Mars, David MacDowell, David Stoupakis, Dan Harding, Dan Dos Santos, Darrin White, Eric Richardson, Ewelina, Fred Harper, Gaia, Genevive Zacconi, Jason D'Aquino, Jason Levesque, Jason Limon, Jennybird Alcantara, JoKa, Lucas Frazier Mark Elliott, Matt Buck, Matt Rota, Mia Araujo, Michael Mararian, Nick Baxter, Paul Booth, Scott G Brooks, Stefano Alcantara, Timothy Boor Tin, Vincent Castiglia and more!
Last Rites Gallery
511 W 33rd Street, NYC


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Designed for high-traffic situations, the FAAC 620 rapid barrier gate operator features continuous duty operation, making it perfect for busy toll roads and highways. This listing is for the orange-coated, right-oriented 620 barrier gate operator for 10 ft long beams.
- Barrier body
- Hydraulic drive transmission system
- Balancing spring
- Control unit
- Installation accessories
- Triangular release key
Note: Beams and beam kits sold separately. This barrier is made for 10 ft beams.
- The ideal solution for heavy traffic applications
- Hydraulic operator with opening and closing locks
- Electronic slow down and adjustable hydraulic pressure
- Programmable outputs to signal the status of the barrier
- Automatic, semi-automatic, parking logics
- External manual release with triangular key
- Built-in detector, two independent channels
- Continuous duty operation
- Automatic fan cooling
- Quiet operation
- UL325 listed
- Orange cabinet
Technical Specs:
- Input Voltage: 230 Vac (+6% -10%)
- Power: 220 W
- Current: 1 A
- Motor Rotation Speed: 1400 - 2800 r.p.m.
- Pump Flow Rate: 1.5 LT/min
- Opening Time: From 2 s to 3 s depending on beam length
- Max Beam Length: 10 ft
- Thermal Protection on Motor Winding: 248 °F (120 °C)
- Electronic Deceleration: Adjustable with cams
- Operating Ambient Temperature: -4°F ÷ 131°F (-20°C ÷ +55°C)
- Use Frequency: Continuous
- Barrier Body Treatment: 100 micron epoxy zinc-plating anti-corrosion treatment
- Paint: Polyester RAL 2004
- Protection Class: IP 44
- Cooling: Forced air
- Dimensions (L x D x H): 13.8 x 6.7 x 42.5 in (350x170x1080mm)
- Thrust Capacitor: 8 μF 400 V
Do I need a right or left oriented barrier? You can determine if you need a right or left version by looking at the barrier from the door side. The door usually faces the inside of the property.
FAAC Barrier Gate Openers Brochure
Additional Information
|Operator Only
|Operator Type
|Orange Cabinet
|Max Leaf Length
|10 ft
|FAAC International Inc.
|Operator Series


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Welcome to the Women's Kiteboarding Association Forum!
This forum is a great symposium for women to ask questions, share experiences, express opinions and ideas, and seek out other women for kiteboarding camaraderie and down-winders! Stacy and I were receiving so many emails from women from all over the world that we felt an open community of voices had to exist. Whether you want to know about products, lessons, travel destinations, or the latest in women's boardshort tech, this is your outlet. You can also get more information and join from the WKA Website: http://www.womenskiteboarding.com
We want to see more gals riding!!
Tonia Farman and Stacy Boggs
The Women's Kiteboarding Association
{ athleticism | finesse | responsibility }
Hood River, Oregon USA


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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications by clicking on the Notify Me® button, and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
December 25, 2017, 7:00 AM - 12:30 PM @ Sandhill Crane Golf Club
Course will close at 12:30pm.
December 25, 2017, 5:30 PM - 8:30 PM @ Sandhill Crane Golf Club
Driving range is lighted until 830pm Monday thru Friday
Ball flight is visible


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Seaside Chic: 5 Coastal Accessories to Add Summery Style to Any Space
Just because you don't live by the sea doesn't mean you can't add a touch of coastal style to your space. In small doses, seaside decor can make your interior feel appropriate for summer weather without verging into full on beach house style. Here are some elements we love:
1. Nautical Maps – There's something obvious about, say, sailboat wheels or anchor motifs. But the subtlety of nautical maps is a sophisticated way to pay homage to the ocean. Homeowners Harriet Maxwell MacDonald and Andrew Corrie framed a local map of Shelter Island in their modern scandinavian beach house (1), a nice way to incorporate a sense of location within their space. Or you can pair a modern table with a technical chart (2) for a light and airy aesthetic.
2. Palm Fronds – Your locale doesn't have to be in the Caribbean in order to utilize palm plants or cut palm fronds. For a dramatic look, do what India Hicks did in her Harbour Island residence (3) and put large cut palm fronds in oversized vases. To achieve a sleek vibe, do what designer Blaire Gordon did in this Key West kitchen (4) : take a single palm frond and place it prominently in a modern vase.
3. Coral – It's a trend that's still going strong in the design world. Adding touches of natural curiosities to your tablescapes bring an organic, uniquely seaside aesthetic. And coral is slightly less blatant then shell collections, which can verge into tacky territory. Joan, from the blog For the Love of a House, intentionally adds fan coral to her mantel (5) in the summertime. If displaying coral on the mantel feels too overt, casually incorporate it into your coffee table display (6).
4. Straw Hats – Chances are you own a few straw hats that you only really wear at the beach or in the garden. Why not put them on display? Either stagger a few choice hats (7) on the wall or pile a bunch of them together in an artful grouping (8).
5. Sailor or Fisherman Art – Some call it kitsch, others see it as playful decor. Regardless, there's a lot of funny fisherman art out there complete with the sailor pipes and full bearded portraits of burly men at sea. For a sophisticated take on this theme, pair a sailor painting with a rustic frame (10) like designer Ken Faulk did in his Massachusetts cottage. Or go the whimsical, humorous route and take a kitschy fisherman portrait and put in the context of your formal living space the way Lauren Liess did in her house (9).
(Images: 1. House Beautiful, 2. Design Public, 3. Living Livelier, 4. Costal Living, 5. For the Love of a House, 6. Lou Lou's Decor, 7. Shelterness, 8. House of Marlowe, 9. Pure Style, 10. House Beautiful)


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Honors Continuing Student Scholarship Applications Due
One of the benefits of being an Honors student is the opportunity to apply for a Honors Continuing Student Scholarship, including the:
- Continuing Student Honors Scholarship (typically 4 awards offered annually)
- Distinguished Senior Award (typically 2 awards offered annually)
- Heritage Scholarship (typically 2 awards offered annually)
- Frank I. Salsburg Memorial Honors Scholarship (1 award offered annually)
Details about the scholarship awards, including amounts, eligibility criteria, and other additional information, are available on the Office of Financial Aid's website.
To be considered, complete the online 2013-2014 Continuing Student Scholarship Application by February 15, 2013.
Honors students who were awarded a Competitive Honors Scholarship as an incoming freshman are not eligible for a Continuing Student Honors Scholarship; however, they are eligible to apply for the Distinguished Sr., Heritage, and Salsburg scholarships.
Contact Alex Wenning at 937-775-2660 with questions regarding Honors Program scholarships.


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Classic Snacks Made From Scratch by Casey Barber
Buried deep in our childhood, or perhaps in the back of the cupboard, we each have a junk food that we secretly love beyond all reason. Hostess cupcakes or apple pies from McDonalds. Sour Patch Kids at the movies or tater tots still hot from the fryer. Go on. It's ok to admit it. Especially since Casey Barber has just handed us the keys to the snack aisle with her new book Classic Snacks Made from Scratch. Same favorite snacks, fewer unpronounceable ingredients.
Quick Facts
• Who wrote it: Casey Barber
• Who published it: Ulysses Press
• Number of recipes: 70
• Recipes for right now: Mallomars, Entenmann's Donuts, Sno-Balls, Nacho Cheese Doritos, Cheese Popcorn, Funyuns, Klondike Bars, Creamsicles, Strawberry Fruit Roll-Ups, Sour Patch Kids, Peeps, Cinnamon Pop-Tarts
• Other highlights: These are not just generic versions of our favorite treats — Casey Barber makes a herculean effort in each recipe to mimic the exact flavors and textures that we love so dearly. This often means getting cozy with a pastry bag and turning your Dutch oven into a deep-fryer. All in the pursuit of a good snack, right?!
This said, don't worry. You won't be confronted with any strange molecular gastronomy experiments or hard-to-find ingredients with this collection of recipes. Just good ol' butter, flour, and a baking sheet, for the most part. If you like a good kitchen project, this book is full of them.
• Who would enjoy this book? DIY fans, parents wanting to create homemade alternatives to storebought snacks
Find the book at your local library, independent bookstore, or Amazon: Classic Snacks Made From Scratch by Casey Barber
• Visit the author's website: Casey Barber
Apartment Therapy Media makes every effort to test and review products fairly and transparently. The views expressed in this review are the personal views of the reviewer and this particular product review was not sponsored or paid for in any way by the manufacturer or an agent working on their behalf. However, the manufacturer did give us the product for testing and review purposes.
(Images: Emma Christensen)


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Cisco Unity Express -- REST PI Service Conventions
From DocWiki
Main page: Cisco Unity Express -- Programmatic Interface Service Programming Guide
Previous page: Cisco Unity Express -- Client Software Choices
Next page: Cisco Unity Express -- REST PI Service Operations
Search the Cisco Unity Express documentation on the DocWiki:
Resource URI
The CUE PI service defines a URI for each of its resources (for example, Users, Groups, Mailboxes, and so on). Typically, resource URI represents nouns instead of verbs; in other words, resources are things and not actions.
Clients can determine the resource URI for various resources in the following possible ways:
- By referring to this document to determine how to construct the resource URI for a given resource.
- When a resource created by invoking POST operation on the CUE PI service, the resource URI of the resource created is provided as part of the HTTP response header (Refer to section 5.2.2 for details).
- Resource URI is included with each resource returned when a read operation is performed by calling HTTP GET on the CUE PI service.
The resource URI for individual resources published in this document, as well as those returned by GET operations on the CUE PI service, does not include protocol, hostname, and port. Clients can create the fully qualified URL for the resource by prepending the CUE hostname and PI service application name "rest". For example, the published resource URI for a voicemail subscriber profile is:
Thus, the fully qualified resource URI for a subscriber with userId "johndoe" on a CUE system host named "cue_host" would be:
The above resource URI represents a single entity, a user with id "johndoe". A resource URI can also represent a collection of entities in the system. For example, a collection of users in the system is represented by the resource:
Association relationships between resources is also represented through resource URI structure. For example a collection, of subscribers belonging to a group named "admin" is represented by the resource:
Some resource URIs support HTTP query parameters that clients could append to the resource URI to fine tune the result set or choose available update options. Query parameters where supported are documented in this guide.
HTTP Methods
This sections describes the list of HTTP methods supported by the CUE PI service. The following table provides the list of supported HTTP methods with mapping to the actual operations performed on the resource addressed in the request.
Table 1: HTTP to CRUD Operation Mapping
|HTTP Method
|CRUD Operation
Create Resource
Read Resource
Update Resource
Delete Resource
GET Operation
GET method is used for retrieving a resource. A GET request is safe, that is, it does not cause a change in system state besides generation of logging and audit information. While processing the GET request, the HTTP message entity is not checked by the CUE PI service and all the required information to read the resource is obtained from the resource URI and query parameters (if supported) only.
GET using Query parameter "fields" with Resource URI -
When a GET operation is performed on a resource, the CUE PI service by default includes all the fields defined for the resource. However, for most of the resources defined in the CUE PI service, clients can customize the set of fields returned by specifying a query parameter named "fields" with value as comma separated list of fields to be included in the result. The client can also specify a blank field set to retrieve the resource URI.
For example, to retrieve only the "firstName" and "lastName" fields for a subscriber having userId "johnDoe", the client needs to perform GET on URI:
To retrieve the resource URI of all users, the client can specify an explicit blank field set:
A field name in the list would be ignored if it is not applicable for the resource being queried. The result set will contain only those fields which are part of the resource definition. If no valid field name is provided, the result will only include the resource URI for the resource.
Any additional query parameter supported for a resource is documented along with the resource definition. An unrecognized query parameter will be ignored and query will perform as if no query parameter is specified in the URI.
POST Operation
HTTP POST operation is used for creating new instances of a resource. The CUE PI service obtains the representation of the resource to be created from the HTTP message entity. If the POST operation results in a successful creation of a resource, the CUE PI service responds with HTTP status code 201 (CREATED) and provides the resource URI of the newly created resource as value for HTTP response header "location".
PUT Operation
PUT operation is used for updating information about an existing resource. While processing the PUT request for a resource, the CUE PI service will update only those fields specified explicitly in the resource payload. To set a field to blank value, it needs to be included in the payload with an empty field value.
DELETE Operation
HTTP DELETE operation is used to delete a resource. While processing the delete request, the HTTP message entity is not checked by the CUE PI service and all the required information to delete the resource is obtained from the resource URI and query parameters (if supported) only.
HTTPS Support
HTTP is plain text-based protocol so sensitive data sent over HTTP are not secured. For added security, the CUE PI service supports HTTPS as a communication protocol.
The client can configure the system to enable HTTPS for all web applications, including PI, by using existing CUE CLI. Please refer to Cisco Unity Express Administrator Guide for details on steps for enabling HTTPS in a CUE system.
If CUE system is enabled for HTTPS mode and request is made using HTTP protocol, request will be redirected to the client suggesting use of "HTTPS" in the request.
For authorizing client operations, the CUE PI service expects clients to provide valid credentials with every HTTP request made to the service.
- Username and Password must be set in request header "Authorization", as per the basic access authentication scheme. For basic access authentication, the user name is appended with a colon and concatenated with the password. The resulting string is encoded with the Base64 algorithm and passed in the HTTP request as "Authorization" header.
This example shows generation of authorization string for user name Aladdin and password open sesame:
- User-name and password are concatenated with a colon in the middle to get the string
Aladdin:open sesame
- The string Aladdin:open sesame is Base64 encoded resulting in authorization string QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
If using Linux CLI:
$ echo -n "Aladdin:open sesame" | openssl enc -base64 QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
- The Base64 encoded string is passed with HTTP requests using Authorization header:
Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
- CUE PI service requires that the user credentials passed are of "superuser" privilege. The "superuser" privilege will be verified by the implementation as part of the authentication process. If the user does not have the " superuser " privilege, the request will fail. Please refer to Cisco Unity Express Administrator Guide for information on configuring a user with "superuser" privilege.
MIME Types
Most of the resources defined by the CUE PI service use XML representation. Some resource also support binary content like prompts, greetings, and binary script files. While making POST and PUT requests, clients must set the "Content-type" header to the appropriate mime type value. While making GET calls, the client can choose to specify the MIME type in the "Accept" header.
The mime to be used for all resource definitions provided in this document, if not specified otherwise, is "application/xml".
Error Handling and Response Codes
The CUE PI service uses standard HTTP status codes (1xx, 2xx, 4xx, 5xx) for indicating the status of the client action requests. In general, 2xx status codes are success status code and 4xx/5xx is used for non-success status.
When CU PI service fails to process the client request, either because of the error in client supplied data or internal failure in the server, the service will choose an appropriate HTTP status code to return to the client.
In most error cases, in addition to the HTTP status code, the service will also provide detailed error response as XML document. The XML error response document (section 6.2.4) will contain a CUE PI service defined error code, error message, and some additional information about the error condition.
API Versioning and Backward Compatibility
The CUE PI service provides product version information in the HTTP response header for every response it sends to the client. Clients can examine the response header "PI-Version" to extract the string value specifying the product version information.
This is the first release of the CUE PI service and any future versions of the service are expected to be backward compatible with clients that are still using previous versions of XML schema.
To achieve backward compatibility in the future versions, both client and the CUE PI service needs to follow certain implementation guidelines that are explained as follows:
- API Elements Are Forever (Applies to Server)
That is, once an element of an API (URI, Representation, Method, Fields) is published, it cannot be removed in subsequent versions. This rule is crucial for ensuring compatibility between an older client and a newer service.
- Ignore Unrecognized Elements (Applies to Client)
If a client receives elements within a representation that it does not know how to process, then it must silently ignore it. This rule ensures compatibility between an older client communicating with a newer version of service with new elements defined in the schema.
- Apply Defaults For Missing Elements (Applies to Server)
If the service does not receive an element within a representation that it needs, it must silently assume a default value for that element. This rule provides backward compatibility, where a newer service is able to interface with an older client.