text:
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
|Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
The former FLDS temple at the YFZ Ranch near Eldorado, Texas
|FLDS Church
|Latter Day Saint movement
|Mormon fundamentalism
|Adrian Carlo Ong[1]
|North America
|Hildale, Utah, U.S.
|Lorin C. Woolley(1929)
|April 6, 1830 (LDS movement);
March 6, 1929 (as Council of Friends);
February 6, 1991 (incorporated)
|Separated from
|Short Creek Community
|Centennial Park group, Church of Jesus Christ Inc.[2]
|6,000 – 10,000[3][4]
|Official website
The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) is one of the largest Mormon fundamentalist denominations[5][6] and one of the largest organizations in the United States whose members practice polygyny.[7] The FLDS Church emerged in the early twentieth century when its founding members left The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The split occurred largely because of the LDS Church's suspension of the practice of polygamy and its decision to excommunicate its members who would continue the practice.
The exact number of members of the FLDS Church is unknown due to the relatively closed nature of the organization.[8][9] However, the FLDS Church is estimated to have 6,000 to 10,000 members residing in the sister cities of Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona; Eldorado, Texas; Westcliffe, Colorado;[10] Mancos, Colorado; Creston and Bountiful, British Columbia; and Pringle, South Dakota.[11] There are also developing communities near Benjamín Hill, Sonora (south of Nogales in the state of Sonora);[12] Ensenada, Baja California (south of Tijuana);[13] and Boise City, Oklahoma.[14] Members of the FLDS Church have owned machine shops that have sold airplane components to the United States government, and from 1998 to 2007, the receipts of these components totaled more than $1.7 million.[15]
The FLDS Church headquarters were originally located in what was then known as Short Creek in Arizona, on the southern border of Utah. The settlement eventually expanded into Utah and became incorporated as the twin municipalities of Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City, Arizona. The historic location of the church was in Hildale and Colorado City, but the church also has a long-standing colony in Bountiful, British Columbia.[16] In 2004, news reports suggested a possible shift of the church's headquarters to Eldorado, Texas, where a temple had been built by FLDS Church members.[17] Since the purchase of land located 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Eldorado, now called the Yearning for Zion Ranch, there appears to be a shift in the headquarters of the church, along with a large exodus of the "most faithful" church members. Other newer church settlements are 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Pringle, South Dakota and Mancos, Colorado[18] with a presence in Minot, North Dakota.
From 2007 to 2011, the leadership of the FLDS Church was unclear. On November 20, 2007, after the conviction of then leader Warren Jeffs, attorneys for Jeffs released the following statement: "Mr. Jeffs resigned as President of The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Inc."[19] This statement does not address his position as prophet of the church, but merely addressed his resignation from his fiduciary post as president of the corporation belonging to the FLDS Church. According to a Salt Lake Tribune telephone transcript, there is evidence that, when incarcerated, Warren Jeffs made statements naming William E. Jessop, a former first counselor, as his successor or, alternatively, that Jeffs had told Jessop on January 24, 2007 that he had never been the rightful leader of the FLDS.[20][21] Many press accounts[22][23][24][25] have suggested that Merril Jessop, who has been leading the Eldorado compound,[26] is the de facto leader of the church. Additionally, on January 9, 2010 documents filed with the Utah Department of Commerce name Wendell L. Nielsen as the president of the sect.[27][28] The FLDS incorporation charter does not require the church president to be its Prophet. However, traditionally the President of the FLDS church was also the religious head.[29] FLDS leaders have refused to clarify who is considered the Prophet of the FLDS church.[30] To add additional confusion to the issue of succession, a 2012 CNN documentary insists that Jeffs still leads the church from prison.[31]
Prior to November 20, 2007, the church was being led by Warren Jeffs, who succeeded his father, Rulon Jeffs, in 2002. For nearly two years, Warren Jeffs had been wanted on sex-crimes charges. From May 2006 until his arrest in August 2006, he was on the FBI's Ten Most-Wanted List.[32] On September 25, 2007, Jeffs was found guilty of two counts of being an accomplice to rape[33][34] and was sentenced to ten years to life in prison.[35] This conviction was later overturned. On January 28, 2011, Jeffs again asserted his leadership of the denomination.[1] Warren Jeffs has since been sentenced to life in prison plus 20 years along with a $10,000 fine after his conviction on aggravated sexual assault and sexual assault charges. The FLDS Church has appeared on Escaping Evil: My Life in a Cult on the Crime & Investigation channel.[36]
- 1 History
- 2 Distinctive doctrines
- 3 Criticism
- 4 In popular culture
- 5 See also
- 6 Notes
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
|Mormonism and polygamy
A Mormon polygamist family in 1888.
Joseph Smith • Wives of Joseph Smith • Brigham Young • Wives of Brigham Young • List of Mormon polygamists •
FLDS Church • AUB
The residents in the area of Hildale and Colorado City have a long history of practicing plural marriage, dating to the mid-19th century. It is taught in the community that Brigham Young, then President of the LDS Church, once visited the area stating, "This will someday be the head and not the tail of the church. This will be the granaries of the saints. This land will produce in abundance sufficient wheat to feed the people."[37] The twin cities were once known as Short Creek, officially founded in 1913 as a ranching community.
The FLDS traces its claim to spiritual authority to accounts, starting with a statement published in 1912 by Lorin C. Woolley, of a purported 1886 divine revelation to then–LDS Church President John Taylor. They see this 1886 revelation as precluding validity of the 1890 Manifesto against new plural marriages by church members, issued by Wilford Woodruff, whom the LDS Church recognizes as Taylor's successor.[38] After the formal abandonment of plural marriage by the LDS Church, many members around Short Creek and elsewhere continued, and even solemnized, plural marriages. In 1904, the LDS Church issued the Second Manifesto and eventually excommunicated those who continued to solemnize or enter into new plural marriages.
Short Creek soon became a gathering place for polygamist former members of the LDS Church.[39] In 1935, the LDS Church excommunicated the Mormon residents of Short Creek who refused to sign an oath renouncing polygamy. Following this event, John Y. Barlow began to lead a group of Mormon fundamentalists who were dedicated to preserving the practice of plural marriage.[citation needed] The location on the Utah–Arizona border was thought to be ideal for the group because it allowed them to avoid state raids by moving across the state line.[39]
Some of the locally prominent men in Short Creek, after being excommunicated by the LDS Church,[39] later became leaders of the Mormon fundamentalist movement, including Lorin C. Woolley, J. Leslie Broadbent, John Y. Barlow, Charles Zitting, Joseph White Musser, LeGrand Wooley, and Louis A. Kelsch. In 1932, these leaders created the organization known as the Council of Friends, a group of seven high priests that was said to be the governing priesthood body on Earth.[40] The Council of Friends became the governing ecclesiastical body over the Mormon fundamentalists at Short Creek.
The early years of the movement were contentious and saw many differing interpretations and opinions among leaders as to how plural marriage should be practiced. These contentions eventually led to the subsequent schisms that created the multiple Mormon fundamentalist organizations that now exist, including the FLDS Church, the Apostolic United Brethren, and the Latter-day Church of Christ or Kingston group.[41][42] It is commonly believed by all of these sects that the early leaders of the fundamentalist movement received revelations from God commanding that plural marriage should not cease.[41]
One researcher has suggested that the concept of the FLDS as a separate church entity did not fully arise until a 1987 lawsuit, when the full name of the church first appears. According to this interpretation, the original authority conferred by Lorin C. Wooley was only for the purpose of initiating plural marriages, not for the establishing of a new church, and many early Short Creek polygamists continued to regard the LDS Church as authoritative but "out of order" on the matter of polygamy. Such members held hope that the LDS Church would one day come back "into order" and re-establish the practice of polygamy.[43]
FLDS splinter groups
In 1984, a schism formed within the FLDS Church just before the death of Leroy S. Johnson. A small group of FLDS (known as the Centennial Park group) took issue with the "one-man rule" doctrine that altered the leadership structure of the church and that was implemented fully when Rulon Jeffs assumed his position as sole leader of the organization. These followers took up residence just south of Colorado City, in Centennial Park, Arizona, calling themselves "The Work of Jesus Christ," or "The Work" for short.[11]
Also in 2002, after Warren Jeffs assumed leadership, Winston Blackmore, who had been serving in Canada as the Bishop of Bountiful for the FLDS Church, was excommunicated by Jeffs in an apparent power struggle. This led to a split within the community in Bountiful, British Columbia, with an estimated 700 FLDS members leaving the church to follow Blackmore.[44]
The FLDS Church has been led by a succession of men regarded as prophets, who believe themselves to have been called by God to lead. The first leader of the FLDS Church was John Y. Barlow, who led the community of Short Creek until his death on December 29, 1949. He was succeeded by Joseph White Musser, who was the church's leader during a government crackdown on polygamy known as the Short Creek raid, in 1953, in which all the FLDS Church members of Short Creek were arrested, including 236 children.
Musser led the community until a contentious appointment of Rulon Allred to a high position of authority in 1951 angered some members of the Short Creek community. Musser had appointed Allred to be his successor, but Allred was not accepted as his successor by the Short Creek community. This led to a schism, with many followers breaking off and joining Allred; this offshoot became known as the Apostolic United Brethren. The core group in the Short Creek area instead followed Charles Zitting as its leader.
Zitting died in 1954 and Leroy S. Johnson was chosen to lead the church in Short Creek. Johnson led the FLDS Church until his death in 1986. He was succeeded by Rulon Jeffs, who assumed the position of prophet, a title his predecessor refused to use. In Jeffs' later years, his poor health led to his son Warren serving as leader of the church in his stead, and upon Rulon's death in September 2002, Warren Jeffs became leader of the FLDS Church. However, immediately after the state of Utah convicted him of being an accomplice to rape, it was widely reported in the press that Warren Jeffs resigned his leadership of the FLDS Church, though the statement made by his attorneys only addresses Jeffs' resignation from his fiduciary post as "President of the Corporation of the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Inc."[19]
In early 2011, Jeffs reasserted his leadership of the church.[1] Since no public statements had been made by church officials indicating Jeff's successor, it is not known who led the FLDS Church in the interim, although it is possible that Warren Jeffs remained at the church's helm during this period as well.
- Previous heads
- Leroy S. Johnson (died aged 98), 1954–1986
- Rulon T. Jeffs (died aged 93), 1986–2002
- Current head
The following individuals held (or claimed) high leadership positions as of late 2011.
- Warren S. Jeffs, as living incumbent (disputed), 2002–c. 2007?; February 2011–present (jailed in 2007)[25] (with Lyle Jeffs as the designated, future successor)[45]
- William E. Jessop, 2007–2010, claimant to the succession
- Merril Jessop, 2007–Feb 2011[46] (de facto leader)[25][discuss]
- Wendell L. Nielsen, 2010–January 28, 2011 (President of the church's corporate entity)[25][47][discuss]
- Adrian Carlo Ong, 2011-October 9, 2016 appointed in the Philippines
- Current Bishops
- James Oler - Canada
- Lyle Jeffs - United States
Legal trouble and leadership struggles
In 2003, the church received increased attention from the state of Utah when police officer Rodney Holm, a member of the church, was convicted of unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old and one count of bigamy for his marriage to and impregnation of plural wife Ruth Stubbs. The conviction was the first legal action against a member of the FLDS Church since the Short Creek raid.
In November 2003, church member David Allred purchased "as a hunting retreat" the 1,371-acre (5.55 km2) Isaacs Ranch 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Eldorado, Texas, on Schleicher County Road 300 and sent 30 to 40 construction workers from Colorado City–Hildale to begin work on the property. Improvements soon included three 3-story houses, each 8,000 to 10,000 square feet (930 m2), a concrete plant, and a plowed field. After seeing high-profile FLDS Church critic Flora Jessop on the ABC television program Primetime Live on March 4, 2004, concerned Eldorado residents contacted Jessop. She investigated, and on March 25, 2004, Jessop held a press conference in Eldorado confirming that the new neighbors were FLDS Church adherents. On May 18, 2004, Schleicher County Sheriff David Doran and his Chief Deputy visited Colorado City, and the FLDS Church officially acknowledged that the Schleicher County property would be a new base for the church. It has been reported in the media that the church has built a temple at the YFZ Ranch, which is supported by evidence, including aerial photographs of a large stone structure (approximately 88 feet (27 m) wide) in a state of relative completion. A local newspaper, the Eldorado Success, reported that the temple foundation was dedicated January 1, 2005 by Warren Jeffs.[48]
On January 10, 2004, Dan Barlow (the mayor of Colorado City) and about 20 other men were excommunicated from the church and stripped of their wives and children (who would be reassigned to other men), and the right to live in the town. The same day two teenage girls reportedly fled the towns with the aid of activist Flora Jessop, who advocates plural wives' escape from polygamy. The two girls, Fawn Broadbent and Fawn Holm, soon found themselves in a highly publicized dispute over their freedom and custody. After the allegations against their parents were proven false, Flora helped them flee state custody together on February 15, and they ended up in Salt Lake City at Fawn Holm's brother Carl's house.
In October 2004, Flora Jessop reported that David Allred purchased a 60-acre (240,000 m2) parcel of land near Mancos, Colorado, (midway between Cortez and Durango) about the same time he bought the Schleicher County property.[citation needed] Allred told authorities the parcel is to be used as a hunting retreat.[49]
In July 2005, eight men of the church were indicted for sexual contact with minors. All of them turned themselves in to police in Kingman, Arizona, within days.[50]
On July 29, 2005, Brent W. Jeffs filed suit accusing three of his uncles, including Warren Jeffs, of sexually assaulting him when he was a child. The suit also named the FLDS Church as a defendant. On August 10, former FLDS Church member Shem Fischer, Dan Fischer's brother, added the church and Warren Jeffs as defendants to a 2002 lawsuit claiming he was illegally fired because he no longer adhered to the faith. Fischer, who was a salesman for a wooden cabinetry business in Hildale, claimed church officials interfered with his relationship with his employer and blacklisted him. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the company and found that Fischer was not fired from his job, but quit instead. The district court ruling was overturned in part on the basis that Fischer was discriminated against on the basis of religion when he reapplied for his position and was denied employment because he had left the FLDS church. The parties eventually settled the case for an agreed amount of damages to Shem Fischer.[citation needed]
In July 2005, six young adult "Lost Boys" who claimed they were cast out of their homes on the Utah–Arizona border to reduce competition for wives, filed suit against the FLDS Church. "The [boys] have been excommunicated pursuant to that policy and practice and have been cut off from family, friends, benefits, business and employment relationships, and purportedly condemned to eternal damnation," their suit says. "They have become 'lost boys' in the world outside the FLDS community."[citation needed]
On May 7, 2006, the FBI named Warren Jeffs to its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list on charges of unlawful flight to avoid prosecution.
On August 28, 2006, Warren Jeffs was captured on Interstate 15 just north of Las Vegas, Nevada, after a routine traffic stop. Jeffs was tried in St. George, Utah, and a jury found him guilty of two counts of being an accomplice to rape.
The mayor of Colorado City, Terrill C. Johnson, was arrested on May 26, 2006, for eight fraudulent vehicle registration charges for registering his vehicles in a different state than he lived, which is a felony. He was booked in to Purgatory Correctional Facility in Hurricane, Utah, and was released after paying the $5,000 bail in cash.[51]
Short Creek raid
In the morning of July 26, 1953, 102 Arizona state police officers and National Guard soldiers invaded the fundamentalist Mormon community of Short Creek, Arizona. They arrested the entire populace, including 236 children. Of those 236 children, 150 were not allowed to return to their parents for more than two years. Other parents never regained custody of their children.[52]
The Short Creek raid was the largest mass arrest of polygamists in American history, and it received a great deal of press coverage. After the raid, polygamists continued to live there; in 1960, Short Creek was renamed Colorado City.
April 2008 raid
In April, 2008, acting on the outcry of an alleged teen victim of physical and sexual abuse at the FLDS compound in Schleicher County, Texas, Texas Child Protective Services and Department of Public Safety officers entered the compound to serve search and arrest warrants and carry out court orders designed to protect children. Over the course of several days, from April 3 through April 10, Texas CPS removed 439 children under age 18 from the church's YFZ Ranch, while law enforcement, including Texas Rangers, executed their search and arrest warrants on the premises.[53][54][55][56] The April 2008 events at the YFZ Ranch generated intense press coverage in the U.S., especially in the Southwest, and also garnered international attention.
On April 18, 2008, following a two-day hearing, Judge Barbara Walther of the 51st Judicial District Court ordered all of the FLDS children to remain in the temporary custody of Child Protective Services. Judge Walther's ruling was subsequently reversed by the 3rd Court of Appeals in Austin, Texas in a ruling that Texas CPS was not justified in removing every child from the ranch. The 3rd Court of Appeals granted mandamus relief and ordered the trial court to vacate the portion of its order giving CPS temporary custody of the FLDS children. CPS petitioned the Texas Supreme Court requesting that the 3rd Court of Appeals' ruling be overturned, but the Texas Supreme Court, in a written opinion issued May 29, 2008, declined to overturn the ruling of the 3rd Court of Appeals.[citation needed]
The abuse hotline calls that prompted the raid are now believed to have been made by Rozita Swinton, a non-FLDS woman with no known connection to the FLDS community in Texas.[57] Nevertheless, the search warrants executed at the YFZ compound have been determined by the court to have been legally issued and executed, and the evidence seized cannot be excluded on the basis that the initial outcry may have been a hoax.[citation needed]
In November 2008, 12 FLDS men were charged with offenses related to alleged underage marriages conducted during the years since the sect built the YFZ Ranch.[58] As of June 2010, six FLDS members have been convicted of felonies and received sentences ranging from seven to 75 years.[59]
Prosecutions in Texas
On November 5, 2009, a Schleicher County, Texas jury found Raymond Merril Jessop, 38, guilty of sexual assault of a child. According to evidence admitted at trial, Raymond Merril Jessop sexually assaulted a 16-year-old girl to whom he had been "spiritually married" when the girl was 15 years old.[60] The same jury sentenced Raymond Jessop to 10 years in prison and assessed a fine of $8,000.[61]
On December 18, 2009, a Schleicher County, Texas jury found Allan Keate guilty of sexual assault of a child. Allan Keate fathered a child with a 15-year-old girl.[62] According to documents admitted at trial, Keate had also given three of his own daughters away in "spiritual" or "celestial" marriage, two of them at 15 and one at 14, to older men. The youngest of the three went to Warren Jeffs. He was sentenced to 33 years in prison.[63] The conviction and sentence was later upheld on appeal.[64]
On January 22, 2010, Michael George Emack pleaded no contest to sexual assault charges and was sentenced to seven years in prison. He married a 16-year-old girl at YFZ Ranch on August 5, 2004. She gave birth to a son less than a year later.[65]
On March 17, 2010, a Tom Green County, Texas jury found Merril Leroy Jessop guilty of sexual assault of a child after deliberating only one hour.[66] Evidence admitted at the criminal trial proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Merril Leroy Jessop, 35, sexually assaulted a 15-year-old girl while living at the FLDS Ranch in Schleicher County, Texas.[66] The jury sentenced Jessop to 75 years in prison and assessed a $10,000 fine.[67]
April 2010 raid
On April 6, 2010, Arizona officials executed search warrants at governmental offices of the towns of Colorado City, Arizona and Hildale, Utah. According to one report, the warrants involved the misuse of funds and caused the Hildale Public Safety Department to be shut down.[68] According to another report, city personnel and volunteers were ordered out of the buildings while the search was being conducted, prompting protests from Colorado City Fire Chief Jake Barlow.[69] Despite these protests, public safety did not appear to be affected, as the county law enforcement agencies involved routed calls for emergency service through the county offices.[68] A search warrant was also executed at Jake Barlow's residence.[69]
The search warrant affidavit states that the Mohave County District Attorney sought records relating to personal charges on an agency credit card from the Colorado City Fire Department under the open records laws. Chief Barlow indicated that there were no personal charges, therefore there were no records to disclose.[citation needed] Records obtained by subpoena from the banks involved showed a series of purchases made by Chief Barlow and Darger that are questionable, including diapers, child's clothing, and food, although the firefighters are not fed by the department.[citation needed] No charges have yet been brought.
After the raid
This section requires expansion. (July 2014)
In November 2012, the Texas Attorney General's Office instituted legal proceedings to seize the FLDS ranch property in Eldorado, Texas.[70][71][72] The basis for the forfeiture and seizure proceeding was cited as the use of FLDS property as "...a rural location where the systemic sexual assault of children would be tolerated without interference from law enforcement authorities",[71] therefore, the property is contraband and subject to seizure.[72][73] On April 17, 2014, Texas officials took physical possession of the property.[74]
In June 2014, the Arizona Office of the Attorney General filed a motion [1] in U.S. District Court seeking to dissolve the local police forces and "the disbandment of the Colorado City, Arizona/Hildale, Utah Marshal's Office and the appointment of a federal monitor over municipal functions and services." As the basis for the legal proceeding, the Arizona Attorney General stated that "[t]he disbandment of the Colorado City/Hildale Marshal's Office is necessary and appropriate because this police department has operated for decades, and continues to operate, as the de facto law enforcement arm of the FLDS Church."[75]
Distinctive doctrines
Plural marriage and placement marriage
The FLDS Church teaches the doctrine of plural marriage, which states that a man having multiple wives is ordained of and a commandment by God; the doctrine requires it in order for a man to receive the highest form of salvation. It is generally believed in the church that a man should have a minimum of three wives to fulfill this requirement.[76] Connected with this doctrine is patriarchal doctrine, the belief that wives are required to be subordinate to their husbands.
The church currently practices placement marriage, whereby a young woman of marriageable age is assigned a husband by revelation from God to the leader of the church, who is regarded as a prophet.[77] The prophet elects to take and give wives to and from men according to their worthiness. This is also called the law of placing.
In general, women do not cut their hair short or wear makeup, trousers, or any skirt above the knees.[78] Men wear plain clothing, usually a long-sleeved collared shirt and full-length trousers. Men and women are forbidden to have any tattoos or body piercings. Women and girls usually wear pastel-coloured homemade long-sleeved "prairie dresses," with hems between ankle and mid-calf, along with long stockings or trousers underneath, usually keeping their hair coiffed.[79][unreliable source?]
Brooke Adams of The Salt Lake Tribune said "Photographs from the 1953 raid on Short Creek, now the twin towns of Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City, Ariz., show men, women and children dressed like anyone else of that era." FLDS dress for members evolved as time passed.[80] Early Short Creek community leaders taught that members should wear the style of long, Mormon "priesthood" religious undergarment worn by mainstream LDS up until the 1920s. By the later part of the twentieth century, this more conservative style of modesty became more and more the norm, through custom and eventually through official edicts by the denomination's leadership.[81][82]
Property ownership
The land and houses occupied by the FLDS Church on the Utah/Arizona border are owned by the United Effort Plan (UEP), which was once a subsidiary organization of the church. The UEP also owns most of the property of the businesses that are controlled by FLDS Church members in that area. The church views this "United Order" as a means of living the traditional Latter Day Saint doctrine of the "Law of Consecration." The Attorney General of Utah filed a lawsuit and seized the holdings of the UEP for the current residents of Colorado City and Hildale. The Attorney General is seeking to distribute the assets of the UEP to the FLDS Church members and ex-members who contributed to the UEP. In 2005, a court order froze the UEP pending a resolution of the lawsuit.[83] At the time of the court order, the UEP was worth $100 million.[84]
Home schooling
In 2000, the Colorado City Unified School District had more than 1200 students. When Jeffs recommended that FLDS Church members pull their children out of public schools, the number declined to around 250.[85]
Temple worship
The FLDS Church is the seventh Latter Day Saint denomination to have built a temple.[86]
Plural marriage
At the time of his death, church leader Rulon Jeffs was confirmed to have married 22 women and fathered more than 60 children. Current estimates state that Warren Jeffs may have upwards of 60 wives.[87] As the type of polygamy practiced is polygyny, critics of this lifestyle claim that its practice inevitably leads to bride shortages and likely to child marriages, incest, and child abuse.[88]
Critics assert that members of the church are violating laws when they participate in polygamy.[89] Critics claim that incest and sexual abuse of children are prevalent among church members.[90][91][92]
In 2015, Lyle Jeffs' estranged wife Charlene Jeffs claimed in a custody dispute that the group currently enforces a doctrine allowing sex with women only by men of the group appointed as "seed bearers", defined as "elect" men of a "worthy blood line chosen by the Priesthood to impregnate" women.[93] Under this doctine, men no longer are allowed to have children with their wives. Charlene Jeffs wrote in her custody petition: "It is the husband's responsibility to hold the hands of their wives while the seed bearer 'spreads his seed'. In layman terms, the husband is required to sit in the room while the chosen seed bearer, or a couple of them, rape his wife or wives."[94] She also described the "Law of Sarah," in which FLDS women perform sex acts on each other to prepare for a sexual encounter with a man in the FLDS leadership.[94] Lorin Holm, who claimed to have been part of Jeffs' "inner circle" before he was excommunicated from the group in 2011, later described the "Law of Sarah" practice in Jeffs' community as akin to a lesbian sex show with Jeffs participating and sermonizing. Holm also said that mothers who would not take part were sent away to "redeem themselves", and their children given to other women.[95] This interpretation of the "Law of Sarah" differs from the description given in the 1843 polygamy revelation of Joseph Smith, which refers to it only as a basis of consent from a wife for polygamous marriage.[96]
Welfare receipts
Church leaders have encouraged their flock to take advantage of government assistance in the form of welfare and the WIC (woman-infant-child) programs.[citation needed] Since the government recognizes only one woman as the legal wife of a man, the rest of his wives are considered single mothers and are eligible to receive government assistance. The more wives and children one has, the more welfare checks and food stamps one can receive. By 2003, for example, more than $6 million in public funds were being channeled into the community of Colorado City, Arizona. In his book Under the Banner of Heaven (p. 15), Jon Krakauer writes that, "Fundamentalists call defrauding the government 'bleeding the beast' and regard it as a virtuous act." Carolyn Campbell ("Inside Polygamy in the '90s,", 102) adds, "The attitude of some polygamists is 'the government is untrustworthy and corrupt, and I'm above it, but give me those food stamps and free medical care.'"[97]
Lost boys
It has been reported by former members that the FLDS Church has excommunicated more than 400[98] teenage boys for offenses such as dating or listening to rock music. Some former members claim that the real reason for these excommunications is that there are not enough women for each male to receive three or more wives. Six men, aged 18 to 22, filed a conspiracy lawsuit against Jeffs and Sam Barlow, a former Mohave County deputy sheriff and close associate of Jeffs, for the "systematic excommunication" of young men to reduce competition for wives.[99][100][101]
In its Spring 2005 Intelligence Report, the Southern Poverty Law Center added the FLDS Church to its hate group listing[102] because of the church's racist doctrines, which include a fierce condemnation of interracial relationships. Warren Jeffs has said, "the black race is the people through which the devil has always been able to bring evil unto the earth."[103]
Blood atonement
Former FLDS Church member Robert Richter reported to the Phoenix New Times that Warren Jeffs has repeatedly alluded to the 19th-century teaching of "blood atonement" in church sermons. Under the doctrine of blood atonement, certain serious sins, such as murder, can only be atoned for by the sinner's death.[5] There was concern that one of the sins requiring blood atonement is apostasy.
Birth defects
The Colorado City/Hildale area has the world's highest incidence of fumarase deficiency, an extremely rare genetic condition.[104] Geneticists attribute this to the prevalence of cousin marriage between descendants of two of the town's founders, Joseph Smith Jessop and John Yeates Barlow.[104][105][106][107] It causes encephalopathy, severe intellectual disability, unusual facial features, brain malformation, and epileptic seizures.[108][109]
Alleged child labor abuses
On April 20, 2015, the U.S. Department of Labor assessed fines totaling $1.96 million against a group of FLDS church members, including Lyle Jeffs, a brother of the church's controversial leader, Warren Jeffs, for alleged child labor violations during the church's 2012 pecan harvest at an orchard near Hurricane, Utah.[110]
In popular culture
Popular media, including books and television programs, have focused on the FLDS Church.
- Escape by Carolyn Jessop and Laura Palmer (2007)
- Stolen Innocence: My Story of Growing Up in a Polygamous Sect, Becoming a Teenage Bride, and Breaking Free of Warren Jeffs (2008) by Elissa Wall
- Prophet's Prey: My Seven-Year Investigation into Warren Jeffs and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter-Day Saints (2011) by Sam Brower[111]
- The Witness Wore Red: The 19th Wife Who Brought Polygamous Cult Leaders to Justice (2013) by Rebecca Musser
- Sons of Perdition (film) (2010)
- In 2013,[needs update] the TV Channel TLC planned to air two reality television series named Breaking the Faith and Escaping the Prophet. Both center on members of the FLDS leaving the group and adjusting to the outside world.[112]
- On June 28, 2014, Lifetime premiered a new movie called Outlaw Prophet: Warren Jeffs which stars Tony Goldwyn as Warren Jeffs.[113][114] Lifetime has also made an original movie inspired by the FLDS called Escape from Polygamy (2013).[115]
- ABC News' 20/20 aired a program called "FLDS: A House Divided" on May 8, 2015. Former FLDS member Sabrina Broadbent chose to leave the organization in 2008, but church authorities prohibited her from taking her four children with her. Ms. Broadbent eventually obtained a court order allowing her to get her children back. The current leader of the FLDS, Lyle Jeffs, brother of incarcerated FLDS leader Warren Jeffs, reluctantly released the children to Ms. Broadbent 9 days after she entered the FLDS compound demanding to get her children back. Ms. Broadbent's story has inspired other former FLDS members to pursue legal action to get their own children back.[116]
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wagner, Dennis (February 24, 2011). "Jailed sect leader retakes legal control of church". USA Today.
Utah records show Nielson formally quit that post Jan. 28.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "LDS Church wins, Canadian polygamist loses in fight for 'Mormon' name". Salt Lake Tribune. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
Finally giving up the fight, Blackmore has agreed to change his group's corporate name to "the Church of Jesus Christ (Original Doctrine) Inc.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Polygamous church dispute may head to Utah court". Associated Press. May 1, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-05-06.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Walters, Joanna (16 March 2015). "Fleeing the FLDS: Followers are abandoning the notorious sect in droves". Al Jazeera America, LLC. Aljazeera America. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
There are no official statistics, but Sam Brower, a Utah-based private investigator who has worked on local and federal probes into the FLDS, says that more are leaving "than we have seen for many years." He believes that 500 to 1,000 members have left in the last one to two years and about 10,000 remain, mostly in Short Creek, with others scattered in small groups elsewhere.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Krakauer, Jon (2003). Under the Banner of Heaven. New York: Random House. p. [page needed]. ISBN 1-4000-3280-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (2007-08-01). "37,000 'Fundamentalists' Counted in and Near Utah". Deseret News.
The FLDS are now believed to have only 8,000 members.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke (August 9, 2005), "LDS Splinter Groups Growing", The Salt Lake Tribune, retrieved 2014-01-08<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Census.gov Archived March 11, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Census.gov Archived November 5, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Brown, Andrea (2009-01-09), "Westcliffe & the FLDS", The Colorado Springs Gazette, retrieved 2014-07-30<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Primer - Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. A joint report from the offices of the Attorney Generals of Arizona and Utah.
- ↑ Bistline. Benjamin (2004). Colorado City Polygamists: An Inside Look for the Outsider. Agreka Books. ISBN 1888106859.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Scheeres, Julia, Killing for God, Crime Library, retrieved 2014-08-30<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Alewel, Madison (2014-07-02). "New fundamentalist Mormon neighbors cause concern for some residents in area town". News Channel 10 (Oklahoma). Retrieved 2014-07-30.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kaye, Randi (2008-04-18). "Pentagon paid $1.7 million to firms of polygamy bosses". CNN.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Polygyny in Bountiful, British Columbia, Canada", ReligiousTolerance.org, Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "YFZ Ranch: A trip through time", The Eldorado Success, archived from the original on 2009-04-27<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (2008-04-17), "Other FLDS enclaves are feeling scrutiny", Deseret News<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Perkins, Nancy (2007-12-05). "Warren Jeffs resigns as leader of the FLDS Church". Deseret News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke (2007-11-30). "What Warren said to William". The Salt Lake Tribune.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke; Havnes, Mark (2007-11-07). "Records say FLDS boss tried suicide". The Salt Lake Tribune.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Grace, Nancy (2008-04-23). "Judge Orders FLDS Nursing Mothers to Foster Care With Infants". Nancy Grace. CNN.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Raid shines light on secretive polygamous sect". CNN. 2008-04-08. Archived from the original on 2008-09-23.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Wojtecki, Katherine (2008-04-15). "At the green gate, and then a glimpse of the polygamist's life". CNN.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Hylton, Hilary (2008-07-18), "A New Prophet for the Polygamists?", Time<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>.
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (2007-08-29). "Honors for ex-polygamous wife". Deseret Morning News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jennifer, Dobner (15 February 2010). "Polygamous church in Utah names new president". The Gaea Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hamer, John (February 8, 2010), "New FLDS President Called", By Common Consent (group blog), retrieved 2014-01-10<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>. Certificate (image), published by same source.
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (27 March 2007). "A prophet no more? Jeffs called himself a 'sinner' in jailhouse conversation". Deseret News. Retrieved 17 February 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke (2 February 2010). "Polygamous sect has new president, but is Jeffs still FLDS prophet?". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 17 February 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Tuchman, Gary (8 February 2012). "Warren Jeffs' hold on community". CNN. Retrieved 16 March 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "HAVE YOU SEEN THIS MAN? FBI Announces New Top Tenner, FBI Headline Archives" (Press release). FBI. 2006-05-06. Retrieved 2008-04-09.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke (2007-09-25). "Jeffs guilty on both counts". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dougherty, John; Johnson, Kirk (2007-09-25). "Leader of Polygamist Sect Guilty in Rape Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Polygamist 'prophet' to serve at least 10 years in prison". CNN. 2007-11-20.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Whitehurst, Lindsay (9 August 2011), "Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls", The Salt Lake Tribune<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Driggs, Ken. "'This Will Someday Be the Head and Not the Tail of the Church': A History of the Mormon Fundamentalists at Short Creek." Journal of Church and State 43 (Winter 2001): 49-80. Baylor University.
- ↑ Anderson, J. Max (1979). "The Polygamy Story: Fiction and Fact". SHIELDS (Scholarly & Historical Information Exchange for Latter-Day Saints).<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Dougherty, John (2003-03-13). "Polygamy's Odyssey: A brief history of the Mormon tenet". Phoenix New Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hales, Brian C., "The Council of Friends", MormonFundamentalism.com, retrieved 2014-01-10<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Jarvik, Elaine; Moore, Carrie (2006-09-09). "Most polygamists trace lineage to 1929 group". Deseret News. Retrieved 2014-01-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke. "Polygamy leadership tree: Religious ideal grows, branches out" (PDF). The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-21.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Bramham, Daphne (2006-05-12). "Polygamist group's leader expects to be charged soon". The Vancouver Sun.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jeffs' brother will take over: Ex-FLDS member, CBS News, August 5, 2011<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ McKinley, Carol (March 5, 2011), Inside a troubled fundamentalist Mormon sect, Salon, retrieved March 11, 2011,
In just a few weeks, Jeffs has gone on a rampage, kicking out at least 40 of his most pious men. One of those faithful is Merril Jessop, a 70year-old FLDS bishop.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "FLDS church names new president". KSL-TV. Associated Press. February 15, 2010. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Jeffs dedicates FLDS temple site at YFZ Ranch". The Eldorado Success. 2005-01-11. Archived from the original on 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2008-04-24.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "From Hunting Ground To Polygamist Ranch". CBS News. Associated Press. 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2014-01-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Polygamous Community Members Indicted". The New York Times. July 13, 2005. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Adams, Brooke (2006-05-27). "FLDS town's mayor arrested". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Driggs, Ken (Winter 1992), "Who Shall Raise the Children? Vera Black and the Rights of Polygamous Utah Parents", Utah Historical Quarterly, 60 (1): 27–46<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Anthony, Paul (2008-04-05). "Authorities Enter Elodrado-area Temple". San Angelo Standard-Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (2008-04-05). "167 kids taken in Texas". Deseret News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Winslow, Ben (2008-04-13). "FLDS-raid timeline". Deseret News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sandberg, Lisa; Elliott, Janet (2008-04-08). "Affidavit: Girl reports beatings, rape at polygamist ranch". Houston Chronicle.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Texas Polygamy Case: Based on a Hoax?". On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren. Fox News Channel. April 18, 2008. Retrieved 2014-01-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Anthony, Paul (2008-11-12). "Nine more indictments issued against FLDS members". San Angelo Standard-Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waller, Matthew (2010-06-22). "FLDS member found guilty of child sexual assault". San Angelo Standard-Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Roberts, Michelle (November 5, 2009). "Jessop Convicted of Sexual Assault". Deseret News. Retrieved 2010-03-17.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Matthew Waller (November 10, 2009). "FLDS man sentenced to 10 years for sex assault". Deseret News. Retrieved 2010-03-17.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waller, Matthew (December 15, 2009), "Schleicher jury finds Allan Keate guilty", Abilene Reporter-News<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waller, Matthew (December 17, 2009), "UPDATE: Jury gives FLDS man 33 years", San Angelo Standard-Times<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Smith, Sonia (March 20, 2012), "FLDS Church Dealt Another Blow", Texas Monthly<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waller, Matthew (January 22, 2010), "FLDS: 7 years handed down in plea deal", San Angelo Standard-Times<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Waller, Matthew (March 17, 2010). "Texas jury finds FLDS man guilty in sexual assault case". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2010-03-17.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waller, Matthew (March 19, 2010). "Jessop sentenced to 75 years". San Angelo Standard-Times. Retrieved 2010-03-19.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 DeMasters, Tiffany (April 6, 2010). "BREAKING NEWS: Officials shut down Hildale public safety department". St. George Daily Spectrum. Retrieved 2014-01-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Adams, Brooke; Havnes, Mark (April 6, 2010). "Utah, Arizona law officers descend upon polygamous community". The Salt Lake City Tribune. Retrieved 2010-04-06.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Richardson, Kent S. (November 28, 2012). "The State of Texas v. 2420 County Road 300, Eldorado, Schleicher, County, Texas 76936: Plaintiff's Original Notice of Seizure and Intended Forfeiture" (PDF). Cause No.: 3164. The State of Texas Attorney General. Retrieved 22 April 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 Reavy, Pat (28 November 2012). "Texas seeks to seize YFZ Ranch from FLDS Church". Deseret News. Retrieved 21 November 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Dalrymple II, Jim (18 November 2013). "Texas inches closer to seizing massive polygamous ranch". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 21 November 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Martinez, Sergeant Marcos. "Affidavit for Search and Seizure Warrant" (PDF). Cause No.: 3164. The State of Texas Attorney General. Retrieved 22 April 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Martinez, Michael (April 17, 2014), "Polygamist Warren Jeffs' Texas ranch being seized by state officials", CNN.com<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hull, T.M. (June 18, 2014). "New Evidence Links Cops to Church, Arizona Says". Retrieved 25 June 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Coman, Julian (2003-10-19). "Three wives will guarantee you a place in paradise. The Taliban? No: welcome to the rebel Mormons". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-05-03.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bonnie Ricks. "Review: The Sixth of Seven Wives: Escape from Modern Day Polygamy". The Institute for Religious Research (irr.org).<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ House, Dawn (June 28, 1998), "Polygamist matriarch knows her place in Colorado City society", The Salt Lake Tribune, Archive Article ID: 100F3981B9AED0AD (NewsBank), archived from the original on 2000-03-06<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Carolyn Jessop on FLDS dresses, women's 'little girl' voices and hair". politicsrusprinciple.tumblr.com.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Polygamy Files: The Tribune's blog on the plural life", The Salt Lake Tribune, August 14, 2007, archived from the original on 2012-03-21<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jessop, Carolyn; Palmer, Laura (2010). Triumph: Life After the Cult: A Survivor's Lessons. Random House. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-307-59070-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Shaffer, Mark (2005-06-23). "Polygamist sect loses grip on towns". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 2008-06-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Bust-up in Bountiful: Timeline: History of Polygamy". CBC News. 2008-04-12. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2008-05-24.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Howard Fischer (2005-08-11). "State officials prepare to seize control of Colorado City school district". Arizona Daily Star.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The other six are the Church of Christ, the LDS Church, the Community of Christ, the Apostolic United Brethren, the Church of Christ (Wightite), and the Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
- ↑ Goodwyn, Wade; Berkes, Howard; Walters, Amy (2005-05-03). "Warren Jeffs and the FLDS". NPR. Retrieved 2007-04-24.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Polygamist sect 'demands husbands watch while seed bearers impregnate their wives'". The Independent. October 1, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Utah polygamous leader gives wife custody of children". Salt Lake Tribune. July 7, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "No Refuge". The Texas Observer. August 1, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Joseph Smith/Polygamy/Works of Abraham". FairMormon.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hales, Brian C., "The FLDS Church (Fundamentalist LDS Church)", MormonFundamentalism.com, retrieved 2014-01-10<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Borger, Julian (2005-06-14). "The lost boys, thrown out of US sect so that older men can marry more wives". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-02-14.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Pike, John (2008-08-27). "Halfway Home: FLDS Lost Boys Find Life Begins at The House Just Off Bluff". Salt Lake City Weekly.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Perkins, Nancy (2004-08-28). "FLDS Church, leaders sued by 6 'lost boys'". Deseret Morning News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ David Kelly (Los Angeles Times) (2005-06-19). "Polygamy's 'Lost Boys' expelled from only life they knew". The Boston Globe.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Hate Groups Map: Utah". Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLCenter.org).<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "In His Own Words". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLCenter.org). Spring 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 104.0 104.1 Szep, Jason (2007-06-14). "Polygamist community faces rare genetic disorder". Reuters.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dougherty, John (2005-12-29). "Forbidden Fruit". Phoenix New Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hollenhorst, John (2006-02-08). "Birth defect is plaguing children in FLDS towns". Deseret News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Doctor: Birth defects increase in inbred polygamy community". Daily Herald. 2006-02-09.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
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- ↑ "FLDS Church Members Fined $2 Million for Alleged Child Labor Violations". ABC News. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Brower, Sam (2011). Prophet's Prey: My Seven-Year Investigation into Warren Jeffs and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter-Day Saints. New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-275-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> — Private Investigator Brower's account of his research about Jeffs and the FLDS Church.
- ↑ Kondolojy, Amanda (2013-09-25), TLC to Premiere Two Groundbreaking New Series About the FLDS Church: 'Breaking the Faith' & 'Escaping the Prophet' (Press release), TV by the Numbers, Zap2it, retrieved 2014-01-08<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Starcasm.net
- ↑ Denver Post
- ↑ Strlb.com
- ↑ ABC News
Further reading
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)..
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Hoffman, Claire (June 2008). "Satan's Accountant". Condé Nast Portfolio. American City Business Journals.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> — An article about Bruce Wisan, who was brought in to try to return property to the members of the FLDS group at Short Creek, and was met with great resistance. As featured on This American Life.
- Quinn, D. Michael (Summer 1998). "Plural marriage and Mormon fundamentalism". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (2): 1–68.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)..
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Watson, Marianne T. (Spring 2007), "The 1948 Secret Marriage of Louis J. Barlow: Origins of FLDS Placement Marriage", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 40 (1): 83–136<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>.
External links
|Wikinews has related news: 401 children from Texas sect compound taken into custody
- Official sites
- Information about the FLDS Faith
- Archived Official FLDS websites at the Wayback Machine (archived September 28, 2008)
- Journalism
- "Polygamy and Me: Seven months have passed since the polygamist raid in Eldorado, but for one mainstream Mormon, the effects linger," by the Dallas Observer's Jesse Hyde
- The Polygamy Blog, by Lindsay Whitehurst, The Salt Lake Tribune
- Legal
- In The Matter of The United Effort Plan Trust: Information on Utah Attorney General's lawsuit against the United Effort Plan
- Other
- Banking on Heaven (2006) — A documentary film with accusations against the FLDS, by Over the Moon Productions.
- Damned to Heaven (2007) — A documentary film about Colorado City and FLDS Church, by Fresh Produce Media.
- Lifting the Veil of Polygamy (2007) — A documentary film critical of the history and modern-day expressions of Mormon polygamy, including numerous testimonials, by the Main Street Church of Brigham City.
- Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2014
- Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
- Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
- Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010
- Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016
- Articles to be expanded from July 2014
- Articles using small message boxes
- Articles lacking reliable references from May 2016
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2011
- Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2014
- All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
- Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
- Mormon fundamentalism
- Mormonism and polygamy
- Organizations based in Utah
- Christian denominations established in the 20th century
- Religious organizations established in 1929
- Religious organizations established in 1991
- 1991 establishments in the United States
- 1929 establishments in the United States


text:
1 Like
Church Saint-Jean-Baptiste began in 1528 under the direction of Nicolas Jouelle, it is built on the northeast flank of the hill, and consecrated in 1554. It is of type gothic flamboyant in latin cross with projecting transept.
The shot was taken in july 2012, in the beginning of the evening. Panorama made in HDR version (enfuse).
Source : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaumont-en-Vexin (translated with help of Google Traduction)
France is affectionately referred to as "the Hexagon" for its overall shape.French history goes back to the Gauls, a Celtic tribe which inhabited the area circa 300BC until being conquered by Julius Caesar.The Franks were the first tribe to adopt Catholic Christianity after the Roman Empire collapsed. France became an independent location in the Treaty of Verdun in (843 AD), which divided up Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire into several portions.The French monarchy reached its zenith during the reign of Louis XIV, the Sun King, who stood for seventy-two years as the Monarch of all Monarchs. His palace of Versailles and its Hall of Mirrors are a splendid treasure-trove of Baroque art.The French Revolution ended the rule of the monarchy with the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" On July 14th, 1789 angry mobs stormed La Bastille prison and began the Revolution in which Louis XVI, his wife Marie-Antoinette and thousands of others met the guillotine.One decade after the revolution, Napolean Bonaparte seized control of the Republic and named himself Emperor. His armies conquered most of Europe and his Napoleonic Code became a lasting legal foundation for concepts of personal status and property.During the period of colonization France controlled the largest empire in the world, second only to Britain.France is one of the founding members of the European Union and the United Nations, as well as one of the nuclear armed nations of the world.Text by Steve Smith.

subset: commoncrawl


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Posted by Ratna D Sari at 1:15 AM
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Every morning wake up for weekdays, thinking of going to work! I should finish personal thing for preparing working in the early morning in 30 minutes. I need one a half hour to get my office. At work, I work for more less 8 hour, Seeing everybody, it makes me happy. After working, sometimes I have any sosialize activities with others. That sounds tones exciting for my whole weekdays. When weekend comes my world starting sparkling' life. So .... Welcome to: 'Nana' World


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Student or Learner
I guess the subject of the sentence below is 'dimension", right?
In Relevance Theory the most important dimension of contextual appropriateness, relevance, is so defined as to make it vacuously hold for any communicative act that does not prove altogether uninterpretable
Could you rewrite the bold part above with plain English/
Up! :D


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Seabrook's Front Street Cafe(360) 276-4884
Archive for barbeque
Memorial Day Barbeque
Memorial Day weekend is coming up, and what a better way to celebrate than a barbeque in the center of town?
Join us on May 30 from 5:30-8:30pm at Crescent Park for a traditional American barbeque featuring BBQ Chicken, Tender Pork Loin, Corn on the Cob, and much more!
A Beer & Wine Garden will also be at your fingertips as we gather to celebrate this great American holiday.
Click here for all the details, and we'll see you at the barbeque!


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Police charge six in attempted dirt bike, ATV thefts in Waterford
Waterford - Town police made six arrests over the past two days in connection with the attempted thefts of motorcycles and ATVs, most recently Tuesday morning after a homeowner tried to detain one of the suspects.
Police said a group of thieves was targeting dirt bike-style motorcycles and ATVs stored in backyard sheds.
At 1:30 a.m. Monday, police said, residents of Devonshire Drive reported hearing people in their backyards. When police arrived, they chased several men into the woods where one officer was kicked in the chest by a passenger on a dirt bike.
The dirt bike crashed, and a brief foot chase ended with the arrest of a 17-year-old juvenile and 19-year-old Yojang Torres of 168 Laurel Drive, New London. Torres was charged with second-degree criminal trespass, third-degree assault and assault on a police officer.
Police were out again at 2:15 a.m. Tuesday after people on Robin Street reported hearing noises in their backyard and found several men in a shed. Police said that a woman who confronted and attempted to detain the suspects was struck by one of the men. Sgt. Timothy Silva, who was off duty, came to her aid and detained one of the men, police said.
Later, an officer spotted a car fleeing the area of Fog Plain Road and stopped it near New London High School. The driver, a male known only by the street name "Yo Yo," fled. The other three men in the car were arrested.
As a result of the Tuesday incident, police arrested: Manuel Ortiz, 18, of 187 Huntington St., New London; Emanuel Rivera, 19, of 130 Cedar Grove, New London; Steven Colon, 19, of 197 Montauk Ave., New London; and a 17-year-old juvenile. All were charged with conspiracy to commit a crime, second-degree criminal trespass, third-degree burglary and second-degree criminal mischief. Colon additionally was charged with third-degree assault.
Ledyard police Lt. Brett Mahoney said his department is working with others locally to determine whether the men are linked to other thefts.
"We have had several thefts of ATVs and dirt bikes that have occurred very recently with the same M.O.," Mahoney said. "It's not only us. Other area police departments have thefts as well."
New London Deputy Chief Peter G. Reichard said city police are investigating several recent reports of stolen off-road and street motorcycles.
Police are asking residents to be watchful, to listen to their dogs, to keep exterior lights on and to lock sheds and trailers.
Waterford police also are trying to determine Yo Yo's real name and address. Anyone with information regarding his name or where stolen motorcycles or ATVs may be located should contact Waterford police on Facebook via direct message, by phone at (860) 442-9451, or by emailing investigating Officer Surdo at email@example.com. All contacts will be kept confidential.
During Monday's incident, a red motorcycle suspected to have been stolen was seized. A photo is posted on the department's Facebook page. The motorcycle will be returned with proof of ownership.
Meet the future farmers, scientists and artisans of Ledyard High School


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Peanut growers from throughout the Southeast, Virginia-Carolina and Southwest production regions are encouraged to participate in the Farm Press Peanut Profitability Award for 2005. The awards program is entering its sixth year, already having honored five classes of winners.
"The Farm Press Peanut Profitability Awards Program began with the first-ever Southern Peanut Growers Conference, and the two have grown together," says Farm Press Publisher Greg Frey. "This year will mark the sixth class of Peanut Profitability winning growers, and each class continues to impress with their innovative ways of improving bottom-line profits."
Since the program's inception in 2000, the Peanut Profitability Awards have honored 15 deserving winners, says Frey.
"Since the inception of the Peanut Profitability Awards, producers have experienced historic and monumental changes, going from a government quota program to a more market-oriented approach. The aim of Peanut Profitability has been to recognize those growers who have shown amazing adaptability in the face of such changes, and who have continued to produce profitable peanut crops," he says.
The awards are based on production efficiency, honoring those growers who produce the highest yields at the lowest cost per acre. Awards are presented to growers from the Southeast Region, including Alabama, Georgia and Florida; the Virginia-Carolina Region, including Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina; and the Southwest Region, including Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico.
Winners of the 2004 awards were honored for production efficiency achieved during the 2003 growing season. They included Joseph H. Ward, Chowan County, N.C., Virginia-Carolina Region; Sauls Partnership, Randoph County, Ga., Southeast Region; and Jimbo Grissom, Gaines County, Texas, Southwest Region.
The winning nominations for the 2005 awards will be based on production efficiency during the 2004 growing season. Winners of the 2005 awards will receive an expenses-paid trip for two to the Southern Peanut Growers Conference in Panama City, Fla., set for July 2005. They also will receive limited-edition signed and numbered prints from noted watercolor artist Jack DeLoney.
In addition, the winners are featured in special Peanut Profitability issues of Southeast Farm Press and Southwest Farm Press.
Acting as Program Advisor for the Peanut Profitability Award is Marshall Lamb, research leader with the National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, Ga. Lamb, who was instrumental in the creation of the awards program, has designed a nomination form to be used by growers in determining production efficiency.
"While achieving consistently high yields and grades is important, it's only part of the equation to maximizing profits. The elements of production cost and price are equally important factors," says Lamb.
The grower nomination form for the Peanut Profitability Award is very extensive, notes Lamb, and considers both fixed and variable costs.
"We've had nominees in this program who had higher yields than most, but they did not correctly manage their cost structure. We're looking at per-unit costs, and how effectively farmers manage their cost structures," he says.
The awards program, he says, is based on a producer's entire peanut operation. "We're not talking about small plots in select fields. Rather, we look at the overall management of these growers. This includes yields, costs and marketing management for the entire farm, and most of our winners come from sizable farms," says Lamb.
Assisting with the awards program is an Advisory Board comprised of Extension peanut specialists, county agents, economists and commodity group officials from the major peanut-producing states. They help to distribute nomination forms within their respective states and educate potential nominees about the program.
Farm Press editors, working with Lamb, select the regional winners from the pool of state nominees. Members of the Advisory Board, along with Lamb, are charged with periodically reviewing the awards program to insure consistency.
Data entered on a farmer's nomination form, notes Lamb, should be based on an entire farm operation and not on individual farms or small plots. Actual per-unit costs and returns information will remain confidential to Lamb and members of the Advisory Board.
Growers may submit their nomination form directly to the National Peanut Research Laboratory, or they may submit it to their county Extension agent, peanut specialist or economist. The deadline for all nominations is April 15, 2005.
Growers can access the nomination form via the Internet at southeastfarmpress.com and southwestfarmpress.com. In addition, it can be linked from various commodity group Web sites. To receive a hard copy of the form, call Farm Press headquarters at (662) 624-8503 or contact any member of the Advisory Board.
While recognizing deserving growers is important, it's only one part of the program, says Frey. "A second major component of the Peanut Profitability Program is education.
Southeast Farm Press and Southwest Farm Press accomplished this in the past year by publishing numerous articles on peanut production efficiency. It also is our hope that farmers from throughout the Peanut Belt will learn from the production practices of growers who receive the award."
Farm Press will continue to publish articles in the coming year focusing on peanut production efficiency. Each article will bear the Peanut Profitability Program logo so that it can be recognized easily by readers.
For the first time this past year, Peanut Profitability's education component also funded an internship to a deserving college student majoring in agricultural communications.
The 2005 Peanut Profitability Award Program Officials and Advisory Board
Program Coordinator
Paul L. Hollis, Editor, Southeast Farm Press
166 North Gay Street
P.O. Box 1415
Auburn, Ala. 36831-1415
(334) 826-7451
Program Advisor
Marshall Lamb, Research Leader
USDA National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forester Drive
Dawson, Ga. 31740
(229) 995-7417
Advisory Board
Nathan B. Smith, Agricultural Economist, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service
Rural Development Center
15 RDC Road
P.O. Box 1209
Tifton, Ga. 31794
(229) 386-3512
John Beasley, Agronomist
University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service Rural Development Center
15 RDC Road
P.O. Box 1209
Tifton, Ga. 31793
(229) 386-3430
Tim Hewitt, Agricultural Economist
University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service
3925 Highway 71
Marianna, Fla. 32446
(850) 482-9904
Dallas Hartzog, Agronomist
Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Wiregrass Research & Extension Station
Highway 134 East
P.O. Box 217
Headland, Ala. 36345
(334) 693-2010
David Jordan, Crop Science Extension Specialist
North Carolina State University
4207 Williams Hall
Box 7620
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, N.C. 27695
(919) 515-4068
Bob Sutter
North Carolina Peanut Growers Association, P.O. Box 8
Nashville, N.C. 27856-0008
(252) 459-5060
Joel Faircloth, Agronomist
Virginia Tech
Tidewater Ag Research and Extension Center, 6321 Holland Road
Suffolk, Va. 23437
(757) 657-6450
Russell Schools
Virginia Peanut Growers Association
103 Triangle Court
P.O. Box 356
Capron, Va. 23829
(804) 658-4573
Jay Chapin, Extension Peanut Specialist, Edisto Research and Education Center
64 Research Road
Blackville, S.C. 29817
(803) 284-3343
Robbie Blount
Southwest Texas Peanut Growers Association, P.O. Box 252
Seminole, Texas 79360
(915) 758-2050
Ron Sholar, Agronomist
Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service
503 Ag Hall
Stillwater, Okla. 74078-6028
(405) 744-9616
Todd Baughman, Extension Specialist
Texas A&M University
P.O. Box 2159
Vernon, Texas 76385
(940) 535-1484
Shelly Nutt
Texas Peanut Producers Association
4205 North Interstate 27
Lubbock, Texas 79403
(806) 687-6363


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If ever there were a man in the hot seat, it would be Richard Cordray, President Obama's recess appointee to head the controversial new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. But if Mr. Cordray ever felt the need to wipe sweat from his brow during confrontational hearings on Capitol Hill over the last week, he didn't show it.
Rather, Mr. Cordray appeared to disarm some of the CFPB's congressional critics, avoiding confrontation and adopting an easygoing, forthright demeanor that defused some of the expected fireworks.
Still, it's doubtful his nonconfrontational and civil approach will be enough to overcome deep objections from many Republican lawmakers to the scope of the new bureau's powers. Many want to change the structure of the CFPB, from subjecting its budget to the annual appropriations process to implementing a board of directors, arguing that a struggling economy needs a lighter regulatory touch. And some are still steaming over Mr. Obama's end-run around Senate confirmation of Cordray to the post in December.
Cordray's testimony before an oversight subcommittee was "good, it wasn't great," said House Government Oversight Committee Chairman and California Republican Rep. Darrell Issa. "I wish he'd come more prepared with the reality that his tenure might be short because he might not be lawfully appointed."
Even so, Cordray stands in sharp contrast to Elizabeth Warren, who was tapped by President Obama last year to help set up the bureau.
When Ms. Warren, a Harvard professor now running for Senate in Massachusetts, came before the committee in May, the hearing was often tense, including a testy exchange with Rep. Trey Gowdy (R) of South Carolina.
Representative Gowdy wanted to know if consumers had a responsibility to educate themselves on financial topics. Warren refused to give a yes or no answer on the subject. Gowdy, exasperated, closed out his questioning with, "Mr. Chairman, I give up."
Gowdy lofted a similar question to Cordray when the new CFPB chief appeared before the same committee last week.
Consumers need to be responsible for their own actions, Cordray said. In fact, he had worked to create mandatory financial literacy education for high school students in Ohio. The role of the CFPB, he concluded, was to make sure consumers understood the costs and the risks more fully up front, not to save them from bad decisions.
"Mr. Chairman," Gowdy said, ending his questioning with a hint of satisfaction, "may the record reflect that Mr. Cordray answered the question."
Time and again, Cordray leaned on his experience as treasurer and attorney general in Ohio to adroitly handle questions from his Republican interlocutors. He cited improving a small business loan program by simplifying forms and reducing bureaucracy, and discussed prosecuting businesses that, seeking a cost advantage over their competitors, skimped on their property taxes.
The House Oversight Committee's ranking Democrat, Maryland Rep. Elijah Cummings, thinks public pressure has made Republicans less eager to criticize Cordray. But Cordray's demeanor has also been a significant factor.
"They tried to make him look like the boogeyman," Representative Cummings said. "But they couldn't do it because he came off as very reasonable and basically presented a win-win case for their constituents and for the banking community."
Among such "win-win" agreements that surfaced in the House hearing, Cordray assented to North Carolina Republican Rep. Patrick McHenry's request for the CFPB to publish an annual regulation agenda similar to that published by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
After an extensive back-and-forth on the subject, Representative McHenry concluded, "You've given a great deal of explanation. We appreciate that. And we certainly appreciate the exchange of ideas."
Instead of targeting Cordray, Congressional Republicans are turning their fire toward the administration that appointed him. McHenry said the Obama administration's use of recess appointments "jeopardizes the sanctity of the bureau's operations and is unfair to Mr. Codray."
Indeed, Cordray's future, no matter his efficacy at selling the CFPB to Republicans, is by no means assured.
While that matter will be settled in the courts – and perhaps, in part, at an oversight hearing scheduled for Wednesday – its clear that Cordray has won at least begrudging respect from congressional Republicans.
"Yin and yang," was how Gowdy compared the pair's time before the committee.
"They may wind up being exactly the same kind of directors," Gowdy said. "But he is much better in the committee. He actually answered the questions, he had a conciliatory nature about him, and she has none of the above."


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Los Alamos National Laboratory
Science Digests
Data triage enables extreme-scale computing
Data selection and triage are important techniques for large-scale data, which can drastically reduce the amount of data written to disk or transmitted over a network. - 8/1/14
First in-situ images of void collapse in explosives
Los Alamos researchers and collaborators demonstrated a crucial diagnostic for studying how voids affect explosives under shock loading. - 7/24/14
Observations and simulations improve space weather models
Researchers used data from the Van Allen Probes to improve a three-dimensional model created by Los Alamos scientists called DREAM3D. - 6/25/14
High energy neutron Computed Tomography developed
LANSCE now has a high-energy neutron imaging capability that can be deployed on WNR flight paths for unclassified and classified objects. - 5/9/14
Probing metal solidification nondestructively
This is the first time that high-energy protons have been used to nondestructively image a large metal sample during melting and solidification. - 4/11/14
A crystallographer keen on showing off the revealing properties of neutrons
Olivier Gourdon shows visiting researchers some of the latest tricks that can be performed using this 100-year old multidisciplinary science. - 2/27/14
First-time measurements will advance turbulence models
An interdisciplinary Los Alamos team took a series of first-time measurements of turbulent mixing, providing new insights for turbulence modelers. - 2/11/14
Neutrons used to study model vascular systems
The study is the first to provide a direct measure of endothelial monolayer adhesion under physiologic shear stress conditions. - 1/22/14
Optimize carbon dioxide sequestration, enhance oil recovery
The simulation provides an important approach to estimate the potential of storing carbon dioxide in depleted oil fields while simultaneously maximizing oil production. - 1/8/14
Secrets of superconductivity revealed
The superconducting material Cerium-Colbalt-Indium5 reveals new secrets about how superconductivity and magnetism can be related. - 1/3/14
Effect of ocean temperature on southwestern U.S. climate analyzed
Researchers concluded that only part of the recent temperature rise in the Southwest could be attributed to greenhouse gases. - 12/19/13
3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions
The purpose of this model is to assist the U.S. Air Force and the international Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization with more accurately locating all types of explosions. - 10/25/13
LANL physicists discuss electrical grid in journal article
Scott Backhaus and Michael Chertkov are authors of an article for Physics Today that outlines the physics of several phenomena associated with power grid behavior. - 10/17/13
Gaining creative control over semiconductor nanowires
Using a microfluidic reactor, Los Alamos researchers transformed the SLS process into a flow-based technique. - 9/26/13
Artificial films mimic myelin sheath in new research
This platform provides a model for robust implementation of phospholipid multilayers and a means toward future applications of functional phospholipid supramolecular assemblies in device integration. - 9/11/13
The supernova that destroyed a galaxy
The research may solve the long-standing puzzle of how supermassive black holes were formed in the centers of some galaxies less then a billion years after the Big Bang. - 8/5/13
Role of inorganic chemistry on nuclear energy examined
Inorganic chemistry can provide insight and improve technical issues surrounding nuclear power production and waste disposition. - 7/31/13
Turbulence may be key to "fast magnetic reconnection" mystery
The new research could lead to better understanding of solar flares and ejections of material from the Sun's corona. - 7/11/13
Lab team makes unique contributions to the first bionic eye
The Argus II will help people blinded by the rare hereditary disease retinitis pigmentosa or seniors suffering from severe macular degeneration. - 6/27/13
Counting small RNA in disease-causing organisms
Los Alamos researchers demonstrated improved technical methods capable of directly counting small RNA molecules in pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. - 6/17/13
Networks, smart grids: new model for synchronization
Researchers developed a surprisingly simple mathematical model that accurately predicts synchronization as a function of the parameters and the topology of the underlying network. - 5/21/13
HAWC Observatory captures first image
The facility is designed to detect cosmic rays and the highest energy gamma rays ever observed from astrophysical sources. - 4/30/13
Lightning strokes can probe the ionosphere
Researchers have made measurements during thunderstorms to study the affect of lightning on the lower ionosphere and radiofrequency signals. - 4/11/13
Scientists examine proton radiography of brain mockup
The use of such a high-energy proton beam is ideal for imaging small tumors within patients for targeted proton therapy. - 3/25/13
"Tuning" microalgae for high photosynthesis efficiency
Los Alamos scientist Richard Sayre and his team of researchers have recently developed more efficient microalgae. - 3/25/13
Simple computer models unravel genetic stress reactions in cells
Integrated biological and computational methods provide insight into why genes are activated. - 2/8/13
Mars rover depends on three LANL technologies
Curiosity zaps Mars for vital signs: Designed by Lab team, ChemCam looks for crucial elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. - 7/30/12
Weapons assessment efficiencies through use of nondestructive laser gas sampling
Nondestructive laser welding process far less expensive, no underground testing. - 6/8/12
SimTable key tool for preparing, responding to wildfire
Camera tracks movement and objects and project them onto a sand table. - 5/30/12
Nuclear magnetic resonance offers new insights into Pu 239
Fingerprint of element found by LANL/Japanese team. - 5/29/12
After the Big Bang: Theory suggests first planets formed after first generations of stars
The researchers' calculations predict properties of first planet and timeline for life. - 5/3/12
Mastering the art of plutonium pit production to ensure national security
For 19 years, the U.S. was the only nuclear superpower unable to build a pit and put it in a stockpile. That ended in 2007. - 4/24/12
DREAM tool increases space weather predictions
Model addresses radiation hazards of the space environment on space systems. - 4/13/12
Cancer-fighting treatment gets boost from Isotope Production Facility
New capability expands existing program, creates treatment product in quantity. - 4/13/12
Unraveling the mystery of quantum-dot blinking
Research enhances single particle tracking, allows novel light-emitting diodes, and boosts development of new solar cells. - 4/3/12
Medical treatments, fuel sources from studying elusive enzyme
Enzyme has potential to aid in treatment of peptic ulcers, acid reflux disease, or conversion of woody waste into transportation fuels. - 4/3/12
Vanadium catalysts break down biomass into useful components
Breaking down biomass could help in converting biomass to fuels. - 3/26/12
Strongest non-destructive magnetic field: world record set at 100-tesla level
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory magnet achieved a whopping 100.75 tesla—the 100-tesla level is roughly equivalent to 2 million times Earth's magnetic field. - 3/22/12
Hydrogen fuel closer to reality because of storage advances
Advances made in rechargeable solid hydrogen fuel storage tanks. - 3/21/12
Questions about how plants die leads to climate change answers
Understanding mechanisms of mortality will provide important input to future climate forecasts. - 3/12/12
Discovery of oxygen in atmosphere could mean life for Saturn's moon Dione
Discovery could mean ingredients for life are abundant on icy space bodies. - 3/5/12
Southwest U.S. undergoes megadroughts lasting hundreds of years
Sediment core 260-feet long peers back in climatological time. - 2/28/12
Light-emitting nanocrystal diodes go ultraviolet
Biomedical devices with active components could be made from nanostructured systems. - 2/24/12
Antimicrobial protein protects grapevines from pathogen
Engineered grapevines produce a hybrid antimicrobial protein to block infection. - 2/21/12
New insight into viral factors that facilitate HIV transmission
Understanding viral factors that facilitate transmission of HIV infection is critical to developing vaccines. - 2/14/12
Smartphone data safety with quantum cryptography
Laws of quantum physics and information theory ensure that smartphones with QKarD could never be compromised. - 1/20/12
Global health response more accurate with automated influenza surveillance
Public health officials will be able to determine whether an outbreak of an infectious disease comes from a pandemic strain or one less virulent. - 1/31/11


text: 1702 Singballett from Sondershausen Dorothy Olsson and Kaspar Mainz write about their reconstruction for Amherst Early Music Festival 2012 of part of a performance of a Sing-Ballett (a ballet with singing) from early 18th century Germany. The excerpts will be produced with singers and the festival Oboe Band on Saturday, 14 July. voicespectacleoperaGermandancebaroqueAEMF2012 Read more about 1702 Singballett from SondershausenLog in or register to post comments


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I'm just gonna shoot the shit here no specific point of topic, the only one being atheism in the mid-western states of the U.S. Being an atheist can on occasion be difficult, and in other times it is very easy. Location in my experience seems to have a lot to do with this I have been many places all over the U.S. and to a few other countries and rarely do I experience the amount of disdain for conversing with anyone than the amount I feel when conversing with people from home. Being atheist in the mid-west in my case Kansas is like being a vegetarian working in a meat factory. I have lost many friends and the love of some family members over what they believe and how they feel about mine. In this area you will encounter bigotry and malice towards atheist on a regular sort of social scale, Never have I hated another man for what they believe in but many have hated me for that I do not believe.
But there are a few good factors such as but not limited too, completely destroying a belligerent theist in debate on their religion, being the king of the dels in an ignorant world, and seeing reality for what it actually is. I often, sometimes almost daily get to sharpen my argumentative and debate skills which may or may not be a good thing, in my eyes it is. I often hear christians (the predominant religion in my area) telling me that I will go to hell and regret my lack of belief, among other things but what I enjoy the most is hearing them speak authoritatively on their own holy book which often times they haven't read themselves, and proceeding to destroy what they have just said. I had grown up studying the bible and was indoctrinated at a young age, I have read the bible 3 times and the quran once. I had become an atheist by the time I was 13 and ever since then have never felt freer than before, but I do have the advantage of being well versed in the bible often more so than the local believers themselves.
As for now I cannot think of anything else to say enjoy your evening, morning or whatever time of day you may have read this.
Views: 110
I just read your post and also see you are a new member. Welcome!! Since I've joined AtheistNexus, I personally have enjoying the many insightful discussions and the feeling of community this site provides. As you get settled in, hopefully you'll feel the same way, if you don't already. I can just imagine how difficult it must be at times for atheists in Kansas, but you sound like you're well-read and can stand your ground and persevere despite the negative comments hurled your way.
P.S. I also was a music student in college, so the whole idea that you can't be musically creative without god and religion is pure hogwash.
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10:00 am
The Electric Company "Wordball Games" Right before the yearly Wordball Games, the neighborhood Olympics, Hector sprains his ankle. With Hector unable to compete, The Electric Company does not have enough players to participate against the four Pranksters! But when Manny also gets hurt, the numbers are even once again. Now the question is, can Marcus handle Hector's event the Word Obstacle course?. D
10:30 am
Wild Kratts "Falcon City" The Kratt brothers are itching to fly with the world's fastest animal, the Peregrine falcon, which can hit top speeds of 240 mph. But their efforts are side-tracked when the rest of the Wild Kratts team challenges them to find the falcon in the city instead of in the wild, and Chris' Creature Power Suit is accidentally activated with Pigeon Powers ! But then they discover that Zach is sending his Zachbots to clean off a building that has a peregrine falcon nests with chicks! Martin and Chris must activate their Peregrine falcons powers and harness the force of gravity to pull off a high flying creature rescue!. D
11:00 am
WordWorld "Snug As A Bug/Nightlight" Snug as a Bug: Frog helps insomniac Bug figure out the end of the rhyme "snug as a bug in a ." so that Bug can sleep. Nightlight: The rest of Word World is trying to sleep, but Bear is keeping everyone awake with her all-night racket. D
11:30 am
WordGirl "Bummertime/The Homerun King" Bummertime - t's the last day of summer and Becky just wants to read her favorite book in the hammock and play outside with her friends . but Tobey and his latest robot creation, Chronos, are getting in the way. She has to figure out how to stop crime and still enjoy her last day of vacation. D
12:00 pm
Outdoor Idaho "Salmon River Lodges and Legacies" This special travels the Salmon River, stopping each night at a historic lodge to meet the people, who continue in the footsteps of hearty pioneers in the wild heart of Idaho. Each stop reveals a rich history. Rafters, guides, boat operators and residents all reveal how they are drawn to the river repeatedly - or permanently.G
1:00 pm
Katie Brown Workshop "Refreshing Remodeling 101" The first episode in the three-part home makeover features a walk-through of Katie's Amagansett, NY home with experts. Before-and-after photos document the progress. D
1:30 pm
Paint This With Jerry Yarnell "Waterfall" In this study, Jerry takes his students step-by-step through the process of creating a waterfall, with special emphasis on the proper under-painting values and colors for the under-painting of the rocks and the water. Then he shows how to put successive layers of highlights to establish the form and details of the rocks and falling water. D
2:00 pm
Essential Pepin "Good Catch!" Grilled Swordfish With Spicy Yogurt Sauce; Baked Mackerel With Potatoes And Onions; Seafood With "Handkerchiefs"; Poached Trout In Vegetable Broth. D
2:30 pm
On Story "Action!" The creators behind the explosions CON AIR, GONE IN SIXTY SECONDS, HULK, ZOMBIELAND and MACHETE debate what makes a great action movie. Followed by the riveting short film SOLD by writer/director John Irwin. A young investigative journalist goes undercover and is captured into a human trafficking ring. D
3:00 pm
Dialogue "Fair Trade" Host Marcia Franklin talks with Doug Dirks of Ten Thousand Villages, a non-profit fair trade retailer, about fair trade issues. Dirks was in Boise to visit a retail outlet, previously a Ten Thousand Villages store but is now independent. Since the interview, Dirks has been named the CEO of Ten Thousand Villages.G
3:30 pm
MotorWeek "Honda Accord" Road Test: 2013 Honda Accord. Road Test: Audi S4/S5. Goss' Garage: Winching Safety. D
4:00 pm
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Here's The Beef" Test cook Bridget Lancaster show host Christopher Kimball how to make perfect Chili at home. Then, Doc investigates homemade ground meat versus storebought in a head-to-head tasting of hamburgers, and test cook Julia Collin Davison shows Chris how to create the ultimate Juicy Pub-Style Burgers. And finally, equipment expert Adam Ried reviews meat grinders in the Equipment Corner. D
4:30 pm
Passport to Adventure "Patagonia, Chile - Condors, Lakes and Glaciers in Aysen" Our journey continues in the southern part of the region, where glaciers loom over crystal clear lakes, cows graze beneath snow-covered peaks, and fly-fishermen come in search of their nirvana. Julie kayaks through magnificent marble caves, hikes on a glacier, shares "mate" with the local fishermen, and enjoys pisco sours with an interesting mix of innkeepers. D
5:00 pm
Globe Trekker "Panama & Colombia" Megan explores two countries that are refreshingly untouched by mass tourism.G
6:00 pm
Sierra Center Stage "Marcia Ball" Marcia Ball is an anomaly in the world of piano-based R& B/blues/boogie. A keyboardist who was steeped in and absorbed all the rich traditions of New Orleans, the Austin-based singer-songwriter was nominated for a Grammy Award for a CD release of this Sierra Center Stage program. Her album, "So Many Rivers" won the 2004 Blues Music Award for "Contemporary Blues Album of the Year" as well as the coveted "Contemporary Blues Female Artist of the Year" award. D
7:00 pm
Austin City Limits "Arcade Fire" The alternative rock superstars perform hits and tunes from their Grammy Award-winning album The Suburbs.G
8:00 pm
Live From Lincoln Center "The Philharmonic Opening Gala with Itzhak Perlman" Join the excitement of the gala that marks the beginning of the 2012-13 season with violinist Itzhak Perlman and conductor Alan Gilbert. Showpieces for violin and orchestra include music by Massenet, John Williams and Sarasate. The orchestra also performs Respighi's Fountains of Rome and Pines of Rome.G
9:30 pm
Placido Domingo: Greatest Living Tenor Legendary tenor Placido Domingo sits down with Rick Reiff for a wide-ranging interview. He discusses his storied career, his "friendly" rivalry with Luciano Pavarotti, the future of opera and, at age 71, how long he plans to keep singing. He talks a little LA Lakers basketball, too. D
10:00 pm
Song of the Mountains Country Classics; Sweet Potato Pie; Tone Blazers. D
11:00 pm
Austin City Limits "Arcade Fire" The alternative rock superstars perform hits and tunes from their Grammy Award-winning album The Suburbs.G


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Consolidation Assistant Improvements
The latest release of the Consolidation Assistant is 6.1. It is Excel 2007-2016 compatible.
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