text:
Two retired senior Chinese officials are engaged in a battle with one another to sway Beijing's new leadership over the future of the one-child policy, exposing divisions that have impeded progress in a crucial area of reform.
The policy, introduced in the late 1970s to prevent population growth spiraling out of control, has long been opposed by human rights and religious groups but is also now regarded by many experts as outdated and harmful to the economy.
Former State Councillors Song Jian and Peng Peiyun, who once ranked above cabinet ministers and remain influential, have been lobbying China's top leaders, mainly behind closed doors: Song wants them to keep the policy while Peng urges them to phase it out, people familiar with the matter said.
Their unresolved clash could suggest the leadership remains torn over one of China's most divisive social issues, said a recently retired family planning official. How quickly it is settled may shed light on whether new President Xi Jinping will ease family-planning controls on a nation of 1.3 billion people.
(Read More: Why China's One-Child Policy May Be Ending)
"The government needs to take care of the various voices," the former family planning official said.
For decades, Peng and Song - both octogenarians - have helped shape China's family planning policy, which has seen only gradual change in the face of a rapidly ageing population that now bears little resemblance to the youthful China of the 1970s.
They have starkly different views of China's demographics.
From 1988 to 1998 Peng, 83, was in charge of implementing the one-child policy as head of the Family Planning Commission. In the mid 1990s she became Beijing's highest ranking woman, serving as state councilor, a position superior to a minister.
Like many scholars, she now believes it is time to relax the one-child policy. She first revealed publicly that her views had shifted at an academic conference in Beijing less than a year ago, a change rooted partly in economic concerns.
Many analysts say the one-child policy has shrunk China's pool of labor, hurting economic growth. For the first time in decades the working age population fell in 2012.
(Read More: Use of Student Interns Highlights China Labor Shortage)
By contrast, Song, 81, whose population projections formed the basis of the one-child policy, argues that China has limited resources and still needs a low birth rate to continue economic development. Otherwise, he has written, China's population would skyrocket, triggering food and other resource shortages.
It is not unusual in China for retired senior officials to influence highly sensitive political issues. Last year former President Jiang Zemin, now 86, played a key role in selecting the new members of the politburo's standing committee.
A source close to Peng quoted her as saying that she recently wrote a letter to top officials in the new government, including Premier Li Keqiang, expressing her views. She sent the letter around the same time that Song had sent one of his own to the senior leadership, just before the 18th Communist Party Congress last November, the source added.
Reuters has not seen copies of the letters, but has been told of their contents by the recently retired official from the Family Planning Commission.
Peng declined to be interviewed for this article. Song also declined, but mailed a previously published essay to Reuters that gave his stance on China's population situation.
Historic Rethink Underway
There are signs that China may loosen the one-child policy.
Former leaders Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao both dropped the phrase "maintain a low birth rate" in their work reports to the party Congress in November - the first time in a decade that major speeches by top leaders had omitted such a reference.
Last month, Beijing merged the Family Planning Commission with the health ministry and shifted population policymaking to its powerful economic planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission - for the first time putting demographics at the heart of economic policy-making.
(Read More: Princeling-Backed Firm Eyes $500 Million China Buyout Fund)
If the government scraps the one-child policy, it would affect the lives of millions of Chinese and affect policy-making across society and the economy - from housing, education and health care to the labor market, pensions and state investment.
The policy, which went into effect in 1980, was meant to last only 30 years and there are now numerous exceptions to it. But it still applies to about 63 percent of the population.
Peng's push for reform is buttressed by evidence from two-child pilot programs in four regions of the country. In none of them has their been a surge in births.
Numerous studies have shown the detrimental effects of the one-child policy. China's labor force, at about 930 million, will start declining in 2025 at a rate of about 10 million a year, projections show. Meanwhile, its elderly population will hit 360 million by 2030, from about 200 million today.
A skewed gender ratio is another consequence.
(Read More: China's Elite Are Creating an Abundance of Female Heirs)
Like most Asian nations, China has a traditional bias for sons. Many families abort female fetuses or abandon baby girls to ensure their only child is a son. About 118 boys are born for every 100 girls, against a global average of 103 to 107.
Family planning officials have been known to compel women to have abortions to meet birth-rate targets. Some cases have sparked national fury, such as when a woman in inland Shaanxi province was forced to abort her 7-month pregnancy last year.
Studying Malthus
Song became interested in the issue of population control during his years as a Moscow-trained missile scientist.
"When I was thinking about this, I took Malthus's book to research the study of population," Song said in a 2005 interview with China Youth Magazine, referring to the English writer Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century that population growth would outstrip food production.
Song was a protege of Qian Xuesen, a science adviser to former Chinese leaders Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. During the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, Song was among scientists sent by Zhou to a remote northwest province for their protection.
Those ties to the party's founding members give Song clout with today's leaders that few scholars or bureaucrats can match.
"His influence comes from the more direct and open channels of communication (he has) with the central government," said Li Jianmin, a population professor in Nankai University.
(Read More: What Mao's Grandson Reveals About Modern China)
In 2011, in an essay prepared for the Chinese Journal of Population Science but never published, Song described concerns over China's ageing population as "an unfounded worry".
He forecast that China's population, unchecked, would balloon to 2.2 billion in a century, according to a copy of the essay obtained by Reuters. He concluded that zero population growth was "the ultimate goal of human society".
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a government think tank which publishes the journal, did not publish the essay after academics criticized it, according to a scholar familiar with the discussions surrounding the decision not to publish. A representative of the journal could not be reached for comment.
In the copy of a published essay Song mailed to Reuters, he said that abandoning the one-child policy would result in grain shortages of 150 million tons a year.
Opposition From the Provinces
It is far from clear that radical reform of the one-child policy will win the ideological battle in Beijing, despite Song now representing a minority view among demographers in China.
A policy miscalculation in the world's most populous nation carries enormous risks.
During his career, President Xi has stressed that the population should be controlled. And many officials in China's most heavily populated provinces - such as Henan and Shandong - believe the one-child policy is still necessary.
A senior Family Planning Commission official said he did not expect any decision before June due to the restructuring of the commission.
(Read More: China's Premier Admits Failings, but Defends Image)
Many scholars and former family planning officials believe Xi will have no choice but to move to a two-child policy.
The possibility of such a move is already under discussion now in Beijing, said Tian Xueyuan, a retired family planning scholar who worked with Song more than 30 years ago to draft the original one-child policy but who now supports reform.
"This situation cannot remain unchanged," Tian said. "As such there's reason, a need and a possibility that there will be an appropriate adjustment to the policy."


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Stylish Nick Font Software
Technically advance printable birthday card designing application creates different types of birthday cards that include adult birthday cards, funny birthday cards, cool birthday cards, kids birthday cards, professional birthday cards, traditional. ...
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Got a font collection? Got a collection, but no order in it? Start by giving font files the names corresponding to the full font names. For example, you can rename MLON_I.TTF to Milion Italic.ttf. This name speaks for itself, it is simple and clear.
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A bitmap font creation tool that creates tightly packed font pages from TTF fonts, includes unicode support, a plugin architecture for custom exporters and previewers, and the ability to texture map created fonts.
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Choose the font color you like for your MSN from 32-bit true colors. Tired of MSN's fixed font colors? Use this tiny application to change it to the color you love. It is easy and fun to use. You may need to restart MSN for the changes to take pla. ...
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subset: commoncrawl


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Forumwarz is the first "Massively Single-Player" online RPG completely built around Internet culture.
You are currently looking at Flamebate, our community forums. Players can discuss the game here, strategize, and role play as their characters.
You need to be logged in to post and to see the uncensored versions of these forums.
Viewing a Post
Professor Commie PhD Posted:
ten times 0 is still 0
|Posted On: 04/03/2009 4:19PM
|View White Noise's Profile | #


text:
An RFDR setup that might work better:
It should be an entirely separate forum. Maybe not divided by genre, but then again, enough RFDR requests go through the Fantasy/SF/Horror queue alone to make it work, so perhaps genre isn't a bad way of sorting.
Every author who wishes to be critiqued submits the novel's first few chapters, a blurb (less than 500 words), wordcount and deadline, and a brief description of what sort of critique they're after (developmental edit, copy edit, focus on a certain subplot, holes in the premise or worldbuilding, basic grammar [sigh], style polishing, etc.). These are accessible not as a weekly list, but for, say, two or three or six months. Or everything that's still open, oldest at the top. Or whatever makes a reasonably sized pile.
Every critter who wishes to critique must send crits of four of these opener chunks. These four crits are archived by the critter's name, so people can see a sample of their critique style before offering them an entire novel. Any chunks the would-be critter has submitted as an author himself are also archived there. Not everyone is compatible, and it would save a lot of frustration to know that before major amounts of work have been done.
No one can submit an RFDR of their own until they have completed at least one. (Authors need to understand how much work they're asking for!) Then, each submission has slots that can be filled by critters signing on, with the author's approval, UP TO as many RFDRs as the author herself has completed or signed on to do concurrently! When these slots are full, the opener chunk, blurb, etc., drops out of the manuscript pool and people work away busily, exchanging their emails outside of the hosted system.
Once a month, authors are reminded to award partial credits for however much their critters have done, and they notify the system whenever someone completes a manuscript. Authors may bump critters off their work at any time, although I don't think that should re-open the slot. [In theory, we had our chance to vet people beforehand, so we shouldn't gain anything from getting rid of them. This is mostly included (1) for people doing direct reciprocation, who realize they are wasting their time with each other and want to get out of critting the other guy's work, too, and (2) for critters who inexplicably start attacking an author's person. Since this is the Internet, it happens.] Possibly grumpy authors who bump a large percent of their critters ought also be flagged.
A count of partial and complete crits goes next to the critter's name (along with their 4 samples and any opener chunks of their own, including past and closed ones -- the point is to see how they write). If partial, there's also a flag saying whether or not they're still working on that piece, or whether they've been bumped or run past the deadline. That way, if someone is too flighty to ever finish what they start, they'll get some credit, but their tendencies will show for authors considering them in the future. Partial crits can be used to raise the crit count in the short-story section (the main part of Critters as it is presently structured), but they don't count towards an author's future available slots on their own work, or perhaps it should take several of them to count.
Beyond the slot system, I strongly think there should NOT be a "weekly crit ratio" requirement for RFDR. It's a hardship and a distraction for either critiquing or creating longer works. If I've spent six months working on three other authors' novels and then taken off for a year to write my own, I want 3 slots, plus a couple more for works I'm critting now! If I'm constantly having to stop and fire off 201 words of half-hearted comma advice in scattershot critique of little stuff, I can't concentrate.
I think this would work a lot better than the present scabbed-on system. It would save a novel's strongest hook from getting buried in the weekly avalanche of slush. It would leave people the freedom to structure their periods of creating and critiquing more organically without "losing credits." It would prevent freeloaders asking for RFDR when they don't respect the amount of commitment required, and hopefully it would cut back on the number of dilettantes agreeing to RFDR when they have no gumption for follow-through. It would make it easier to judge compatibility up front. It would tend to produce direct reciprocation, which gives better results, as a relationship is formed.
In My Opinion. Of course.


text:
Analyzing the Orioles' roster heading into spring training
While the teams in their division have made major news this offseason with trades and signings, the Orioles have remained comparatively quiet, adding players off waivers or to minor league deals. Their most noteworthy transaction was re-signing outfielder Nate McLouth to a one-year, $2 million deal. Part of the inactivity is philosophical. Orioles executive vice president Dan Duquette prefers to build through player development and not with pricey free agents. Part of it has been circumstance. Duquette wants a big bat for the middle of his lineup, but he hasn't been able to acquire one through trade, partially because the Orioles' farm system is viewed as one of the shallowest in baseball. And part of it is because, coming off a 93-win season, there are fewer obvious roster holes than in previous years. It's not that the roster couldn't use upgrades, but much of the 25-man roster, barring a drastic change in personnel, is already set. As spring training rapidly approaches, here's a look at the Orioles' current roster constitution, with who has sewn up spots and who will be fighting for big league jobs. -- Dan Connolly
Copyright © 2018, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


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There's no product line on sale in this light, airy space, just several heated and padded massage tables lined up in a cozy room and separated by curtains. Guys especially will appreciate the clinical but serene atmosphere created by the friendly and professional staff; rather than aromatherapy or obscure treatments, Graceful Services focuses on the basics of massage, facial and skin care.
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Graceful Services is featured in the day spa directory on the Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery.


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Rise of the Zombie Foreclosures
Jul 8, 2013
"Zombie foreclosure" isn't a home haunted by the walking dead, but instead one haunting an owner who thought they no longer owned the property. However, because the foreclosure process stalled for some reason, they remain on the hook for unpaid property taxes and other fees.
Of the more than 300,000 zombie foreclosures counted by RealtyTrac in 2012, 91,000 were located in Florida, followed by Illinois (32,000) and California (29,000). That's because in judicial foreclosure states like Florida and Illinois, it takes an average of 62 months—more than five years—for a foreclosure to clear. That's almost twice as long as in a non-judicial foreclosure state, where it takes an average of 34 months, or nearly three years.
How It Happens
During the foreclosure crisis, when banks had trouble selling certain properties, or for various reasons decided foreclosure was not the appropriate resolution, they may not have officially foreclosed on the property. In the meantime, property taxes and other expenses continued to pile up in the owner's name.
Goose Bumps?
If you've been through a foreclosure, it's probably a good idea to check and make sure your name is no longer listed as owning the property, experts say.
To confirm, contact the company on your past mortgage statements, perform an online title search to verify the current owner, or contact your local tax appraiser or county clerk.
If you are the unwitting owner of a zombie foreclosure, ask your mortgage company what options you have to clear your name from the title. You may be eligible for a Short Sale or Mortgage Release (Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure). Both will clear your name, although you may still be liable for unpaid bills.
The main thing is to take action right away. Don't let a zombie foreclosure overshadow your financial future.


text:
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Home > Improve Your Health > Health Library > Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Primary brain tumors, including germ cell tumors, are a diverse group of diseases that together constitute the most common solid tumor of childhood. Brain tumors are classified according to histology, but tumor location and extent of spread are important factors that affect treatment and prognosis. Immunohistochemical analysis, cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings, and measures of mitotic activity are increasingly used in tumor diagnosis and classification.
Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that account for 0.5% of all primary brain tumors, with approximately 90% of the cases occurring before age 20 years. They are broadly classified as germinomatous and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) based on clinicopathologic features. Alternatively, in Europe and Asia, these tumors are broadly classified into secreting and nonsecreting tumors, dependent on elevation of serum and cerebrospinal tumor markers.[1,2]
The PDQ childhood brain tumor treatment summaries are organized primarily according to the World Health Organization classification of nervous system tumors.[1,2] For a full description of the classification of nervous system tumors and a link to the corresponding treatment summary for each type of brain tumor, refer to the PDQ summary on Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview.
In Western countries, GCTs represent less than 4% of primary brain tumors in children, while in series from Japan and Asia, CNS GCTs account for approximately 11% of pediatric CNS tumors.[3,4,5]
CNS GCTs usually arise in the pineal and/or suprasellar regions of the brain, as solitary or multiple lesions (refer to Figure 1). Pineal region tumors occur twice as frequently as suprasellar tumors, but approximately 5% to 10% of patients have both suprasellar and pineal gland involvement at the time of diagnosis.[6] Involvement of both sites is most commonly seen in pure germinomas. Males have a higher incidence of GCT than do females, with males having a preponderance of pineal region primary tumors. Other areas that may be involved, though rare, include the basal ganglia, ventricles, thalamus, cerebral hemispheres, and the medulla.[7,8]
Figure 1. Anatomy of the inside of the brain. The supratentorium contains the cerebrum, ventricles (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The infratentorium contains the cerebellum and brain stem.
Tumor Biology
In a study of 62 cases of intracranial GCT, next-generation sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism array, and expression array have shown frequent mutations in the KIT/RAS signaling pathway (50% of cases) and the AKT/mTOR pathway (19% of cases).[9]
Clinical Features
Signs and symptoms of CNS GCTs depend on the location of the tumor in the brain, as follows:
Nonspecific symptoms such as enuresis, anorexia, and psychiatric complaints [11] can lead to delays in diagnosis, whereas signs of increased intracranial pressure or visual changes tend to result in earlier diagnosis.[12]
Diagnostic Evaluation
Radiographic characteristics of CNS GCTs cannot reliably differentiate germinomas from NGGCTs or other CNS tumors. The diagnosis of GCTs is based on the following:
Patients with a suspected CNS GCT are diagnosed using the following tests:
A baseline neuropsychologic examination is also performed when symptoms of endocrine deficiency and raised intracranial pressure are resolved.
Diagnosis of GCTs often requires a tumor biopsy, except in cases with characteristic increased tumor markers in the serum and/or CSF. When the tumor markers are negative or mildly elevated but below diagnostic criteria, or if there is any noncharacteristic finding, a tumor biopsy is performed.
It is crucial that appropriate staging is determined and that pure germinomas are distinguished from NGGCTs. The chemotherapy and radiation treatment plan differs significantly depending on GCT category and extent of disease.
The pathogenesis of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) is unknown. The germ cell theory proposes that central nervous system (CNS) GCTs arise from primordial germ cells that have aberrantly migrated and undergone malignant transformation. An alternative hypothesis, the embryonic cell theory, proposes that GCTs arise from a pluripotent embryonic cell that escapes normal developmental signals and progresses to CNS GCTs.[1,2]
Recent investigations comparing the genomic alterations in GCTs found similar copy number alterations whether the GCT was systemic or CNS based.[3]
The World Health Organization has classified CNS GCTs into germinomas and the following nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) groups:[4]
In addition to the microscopic appearance of the various CNS GCTs, tumor markers (proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin [beta-HCG], secreted by the tumor cells) found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aid in diagnosis (refer to Tables 1 and 2).
The diagnosis and classification of CNS GCTs can be made on the basis of histology alone, tumor markers alone, or a combination of both.[3,5,6,7] Favorable-risk germinomas can secrete low levels of beta-HCG. NGGCTs frequently contain germinomatous plus other malignant GCT components, such as embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac or endodermal sinus tumor, and choriocarcinoma.
Elevations of tumor markers along with imaging findings are used as surrogate diagnostic markers for CNS GCT and may obviate the need for histologic diagnosis. The tumor markers AFP and beta-HCG are the most useful, although other markers, such as placental alkaline phosphatase and c-kit, are being investigated. Distinguishing between different GCT types by CSF protein marker levels alone is somewhat arbitrary, and standards vary. For example, groups in the United States and Europe consider tumors as secreting if serum and/or CSF AFP levels are 10 ng/dL or higher and/or serum and/or CSF beta-HCG levels are 50 mIU/mL or higher, whereas several European and Asian groups designate tumors with serum and/or CSF AFP levels of 50 ng/mL or higher and/or beta-HCG levels of 100 mIU/mL or higher as secreting GCTs. Pure germinomas and teratomas usually present with negative markers, but very low levels of beta-HCG can be detected in germinomas.[8]
The use of tumor markers and histology in GCT clinical trials is evolving. For example, in the COG-ACNS1123 (NCT01602666) trial, patients are eligible for assignment to the germinoma regimen without biopsy confirmation if they have one of the following:
Alternative classification schemes for CNS GCTs have been proposed by others, including the Japanese Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group for CNS GCTs, who based their stratification on the prognostic grouping of the differing histologic variants as shown in Table 3. Pure germinomas and mature teratomas fall into the good prognostic group; choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or mixtures of these three histologic subtypes fall into the poor prognostic group.[6]
There is no universally accepted staging system for germ cell tumors (GCTs), but a modified Chang Staging System has been traditionally used.[1] Staging evaluation of central nervous system GCTs includes the following:
Serum tumor markers are often obtained for AFP and beta-HCG; however, they do not serve as a substitute for CSF tumor markers.[2]
Patients with localized disease and negative CSF cytology are considered to be M0 (metastatic-negative); patients with positive CSF cytology or patients with drop metastasis (spinal or cranial subarachnoid metastases that arise from intracranial lesions) are considered to be M+ (metastatic-positive). Appropriate staging is crucial because patients with metastatic disease may receive higher total doses of radiation and more extended radiation fields.
GCTs may be disseminated throughout the neuraxis at the time of diagnosis or at any disease stage. Several unusual patterns of spread may occur in germinomas, such as subependymal dissemination in the lateral or third ventricles and parenchymal infiltration. Rarely, extracranial spread to lung and bone has also been reported.[3,4]
Staging of patients with bifocal intracranial germinomas limited to the suprasellar and pineal region remains controversial, with some classifying these tumors as localized disease and others classifying such presentations as disseminated disease.[5]
Teratomas, germinomas, and other nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) have differing prognoses and require different treatment regimens. Studies have observed the following:[1,2,3,4,5]
Table 4 describes the treatment options for newly diagnosed and recurrent childhood CNS GCTs.
Dramatic improvements in survival have been achieved for children and adolescents with cancer. Between 1975 and 2010, childhood cancer mortality decreased by more than 50%.[7] Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors require close monitoring because cancer therapy side effects may persist or develop months or years after treatment. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer for specific information about the incidence, type, and monitoring of late effects in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors.)
Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS Germinomas
Treatment options for newly diagnosed childhood CNS germinomas include the following:
Radiation therapy
Germinomas are highly radiosensitive and have been traditionally treated with radiation therapy alone; historically, craniospinal irradiation with a boost to the region of the primary tumor has been utilized. This has resulted in 5-year overall survival rates of greater than 90%.[1]; [2][Level of evidence: 2A]; [3,4][Level of evidence: 3iA] These excellent survival rates have allowed investigators to focus on reducing radiation treatment volume and intensity in an attempt to decrease late effects.[2,5,6]
Patterns of relapse after craniospinal irradiation versus reduced-volume radiation therapy (whole-brain or whole-ventricular radiation therapy) have strongly suggested that craniospinal irradiation is not necessary for localized germinomas.[7,8] On the basis of these results, the treatment for patients with localized pure germinomas has been modified to cover the whole ventricular system (24 Gy) followed by a boost to the primary site, rather than to deliver radiation therapy to the entire craniospinal axis or even to the whole brain. This change has not resulted in worse outcomes and is expected to minimize the acute and long-term toxicity of radiation therapy. Focal radiation therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in inferior outcomes compared with whole-brain or whole-ventricle radiation therapy; therefore, focal radiation therapy is not recommended.[6]
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by response-based radiation therapy
Chemotherapy has been explored in an effort to reduce radiation therapy doses and associated neurodevelopmental morbidity. Several studies have confirmed the feasibility of this approach for maintaining excellent survival rates, but the number of treated patients is still small.[9,10,11]; [12][Level of evidence: 2A]; [13][Level of evidence: 3iiiC]
Chemotherapy agents such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, cisplatin, and carboplatin are highly active in central nervous system (CNS) germinomas. Patients receiving chemotherapy agents that require hyperhydration (e.g., cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin) are often quite challenging to manage because of the high prevalence of diabetes insipidus in this population.[14]
An international group of investigators have explored a chemotherapy-only approach primarily for younger children. They were able to achieve a complete response in 84% of patients with germinomas treated with chemotherapy alone. Fifty percent of these patients relapsed or progressed; many recurrences were local, local plus ventricular, and ventricular alone and/or with leptomeningeal dissemination throughout the CNS, which required further therapy, including radiation.[15] Subsequent studies have continued to support the need for radiation therapy after chemotherapy and the likely requirement for whole-ventricular irradiation (24 Gy) with local tumor site boost (total dose of 40 Gy).[16][Level of evidence: 2A]; [17][Level of evidence: 3iiiA] Excellent results have also been reported for patients with metastatic germinomas who received chemotherapy followed by 24 Gy of craniospinal irradiation.[18][Level of evidence: 2A]
Optimal management of bifocal lesions is unclear. A meta-analysis of 60 patients demonstrated excellent progression-free survival after craniospinal irradiation alone. Chemotherapy plus localized radiation therapy, including whole-ventricular irradiation, also resulted in excellent disease control.[19][Level of evidence: 3iiDiii]
Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS Germinomas
Early-phase therapeutic trials may be available for selected patients. These trials may be available via the Children's Oncology Group (COG), the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium, or other entities. Information about National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported clinical trials can be found on the NCI website. For information about clinical trials sponsored by other organizations, refer to the ClinicalTrials.gov website.
The following is an example of a national and/or institutional clinical trial that is currently being conducted:
Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS Teratomas
Teratomas are designated as mature or immature based on the absence or presence of differentiated tissues. The Japanese Pediatric Brain Tumor Study Group stratifies teratomas for classification and intensity of treatment (chemotherapy and radiation) into the good-risk (mature teratomas) and intermediate-risk (immature teratomas) groups (refer to Table 3), while the Children's Oncology Group includes immature teratomas with other nongerminomatous germ cell tumors.
Treatment options for newly diagnosed childhood CNS teratomas include the following:
The primary treatment for teratomas is maximal surgical resection. Adjuvant treatment in the form of focal radiation therapy and/or adjuvant chemotherapy for subtotally resected tumors is controversial, with small institutional series suggesting potential utility for the use of stereotactic radiosurgery.[1,2][Level of evidence: 3iA]
The prognosis for children with CNS nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) remains inferior to germinomas, but the differential is diminishing with the recent addition of multimodality therapy. With the current treatment regimens, the 10-year overall survival (OS) for NGGCTs is between 70% and 80%.[1,2] NGGCTs are radiosensitive, but survival after standard craniospinal irradiation alone has been poor, ranging from 20% to 45% at 5 years. Of the patients with NGGCTs who relapse, most relapse within 18 months.
Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS NGGCTs
Treatment options for newly diagnosed childhood CNS NGGCTs include the following:
The optimal treatment regimen for CNS NGGCTs remains unclear.
Chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy
Anticancer agents that have been used include carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, ifosfamide, and vinblastine in different combinations. The use of chemotherapy before radiation therapy has increased survival rates, but the specific chemotherapy regimen and length of therapy and the optimal radiation field, timing, and dose remain under investigation.[1,3,4] Some investigators have proposed radiation therapy fields that are smaller than craniospinal irradiation (e.g., whole ventricular with boost radiation therapy to the local tumor site) for nondisseminated NGGCT patients. Controversy exists over the pattern of relapse for patients treated with chemotherapy and focal radiation.[1,2,5,6]
A Children's Oncology Group (COG) study (ACNS0122 [NCT00047320]) evaluated neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy for children with localized NGGCTs.[7] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of six courses using carboplatin/etoposide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide. After chemotherapy was completed, responding patients received 36 Gy of craniospinal radiation therapy, with 54 Gy to the tumor bed. On the basis of central review, 87% of patients showed either partial response (PR) or complete response (CR). For the 102 eligible patients in the study, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 84% ± 4%, and OS was 93% ± 3%. At 3 years, the EFS was 92% and the OS was 98% for all patients who achieved CR or PR either after induction chemotherapy or with absence of malignant elements documented during second-look surgery.
Commonly, patients treated with chemotherapy may have normalization of tumor markers with a less-than-complete radiographic response. A second-look surgery can help determine if the residual mass contains teratoma, fibrosis, or residual NGGCT.[2,8] If second-look surgery finds mature teratoma or fibrosis after chemotherapy, the general approach is to proceed with radiation therapy as if the patient had achieved a CR to chemotherapy. However, if active tumor is observed, then alternative treatment approaches are generally considered.[7]
Occasionally, a mass continues to expand in size even though tumor markers may have normalized; this expansion may be caused by the growing teratoma syndrome and not a failure to treat the NGGCT component.[7,9,10] In such circumstances, surgery is usually required for debulking and histologic confirmation.
Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS NGGCTs
Early-phase therapeutic trials may be available for selected patients. These trials may be available via the COG, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium, or other entities. Information about National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported clinical trials can be found on the NCI website. For information about clinical trials sponsored by other organizations, refer to the ClinicalTrials.gov website.
The most common type of relapse for childhood central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) is local recurrence at the primary tumor site, but 30% of relapses are outside the primary site and/or combined with leptomeningeal spread. The outcome for patients with relapse, especially those with nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), remains poor.
Treatment Options for Recurrent Childhood CNS GCTs
Treatment options for recurrent childhood CNS GCTs include the following:
Patients with germinomas that were treated initially with chemotherapy only can benefit from chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy.[1,2] Re-irradiation after chemotherapy at recurrence has been utilized.[2,3]
For pure germinoma patients who previously received radiation therapy, myeloablative chemotherapy with stem cell rescue has been used.[4,5] High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue may also have curative potential for some patients with relapsed systemic NGGCTs.[4,5,6,7]
Enrollment on clinical trials should be considered for all patients with recurrent disease. Information about ongoing National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Recurrent Childhood CNS GCTs
Early-phase therapeutic trials may be available for selected patients. These trials may be available via the Children's Oncology Group (COG), the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium, or other entities. Information about NCI-supported clinical trials can be found on the NCI website. For information about clinical trials sponsored by other organizations, refer to the ClinicalTrials.gov website.
Tumor tissue from progressive or recurrent disease must be available for molecular characterization. Patients with tumors that have molecular variants addressed by treatment arms included in the trial will be offered treatment on Pediatric MATCH. Additional information can be obtained on the ClinicalTrials.gov website for APEC1621 (NCT03155620).
A significant proportion of children with central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) present with endocrinopathies, including diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism. In most cases, these endocrinopathies are permanent despite tumor control and will need continuous hormone replacement therapy.[1,2,3]
Although significant improvements in the overall survival of patients with CNS GCTs have occurred, patients face significant late effects based on the location of the primary tumor and its treatment. Treatment-related late effects include the following:
Current clinical trials and therapeutic approaches are directed at minimizing the long-term sequelae of the treatment of CNS GCTs.
Refer to the PDQ summary on Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer for specific information about the incidence, type, and monitoring of late effects in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors.
Use our advanced clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now enrolling patients. The search can be narrowed by location of the trial, type of treatment, name of the drug, and other criteria. General information about clinical trials is also available.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.
Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system germ cell tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
Reviewers and Updates
This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should:
Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary.
The lead reviewers for Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment are:
Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the NCI website's Email Us. Do not contact the individual Board Members with questions or comments about the summaries. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries.
Levels of Evidence
Some of the reference citations in this summary are accompanied by a level-of-evidence designation. These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. The PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board uses a formal evidence ranking system in developing its level-of-evidence designations.
Permission to Use This Summary
PDQ is a registered trademark. Although the content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text, it cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless it is presented in its entirety and is regularly updated. However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as "NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary]."
The preferred citation for this PDQ summary is:
PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389498]
Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ summaries only. Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the illustrations in this summary, along with many other cancer-related images, is available in Visuals Online, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.
Based on the strength of the available evidence, treatment options may be described as either "standard" or "under clinical evaluation." These classifications should not be used as a basis for insurance reimbursement determinations. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Managing Cancer Care page.
Contact Us
More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our Contact Us for Help page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website's Email Us.
Last Revised: 2017-09-18
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Do you want to add a powerful wireless Android device to your own projects? Now you can, and doing so is easier than you think.
With their high-resolution touchscreens, ample computing power, WLAN support, and telephone functions, Android smartphones and tablets are ideal for use as control centers in your projects. But until now, it has been difficult to connect them to external circuitry. Elektor's AndroPod interface board, which adds a serial TTL port and an RS-485 port to the picture, changes this situation.
In a free webinar on June 21, 2012, Bernhard Wörndl-Aichriedler (codesigner of the AndroPod Interface) will explain how easy it is to connect your own circuitry to an Android smartphone using the AndroPod interface. Click here to register.
Elektor Academy and element14 have teamed up to bring you a series of exclusive webinars covering blockbuster projects from recent editions of Elektor magazine. Participation in these webinars is completely free!
Webinar: AndroPod – Bridging Android and Your Electronics Projects
Date: Thursday June 21, 2012
Time: 16:00 CET
Presenter: Bernhard Wörndl-Aichriedler (Codesigner of the Andropod Interface)
Language: English
CircuitCellar.com is an Elektor International Media publication.


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Since 2003 WXXI and the Al Sigl Community of Agencies have worked together to help break the ingrained stereotypes about individuals with intellectual and physical disabilities with its week-long initiative, Dialogue on Disability. Held every January, the initiative is designed to stimulate community dialogue about the perspectives and abilities of people with physical and intellectual disabilities. In the first year, Dialogue on Disability reached 30,000 people. In 2013, it reached nearly 1 million people.
In an effort to continue its commitment to motivate individuals to take action and to include more people with disabilities in the workplace, in schools, neighborhoods and in all aspects of society, WXXI has partnered with the Golisano Foundation in a two-year project called Move to Include. Dialogue on Disability will continue to take place in January as part of this new project.
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The history
La Masseria was built at the beginning of the XIX century in the
countryside nearby Muro Leccese (an ancient Messapic city rich of history) in a
county called Lacco, which gives the name to the property. The ancient building has been restored
carefully preserving the original structure.
The restored works have brought out the typical features of the "Masserie Salentine" where in
the same place you would find the house of the farmer ("lu massaru") and also the farm animals'
shelter and other places for indoor daily agriculture activities.
Masseria Lacco belongs to Duke Basurto's, a noble family, and it has been transformed in holiday
farm, run by the owners, integrated nowdays with the other parts of the farm.


text:
Bob Kolvoord
All Faculty
kolvoora [at] jmu [dot] edu
Other information
SILC Faculty Member and member of our Spatial Network.
Biographical Sketch:
Robert Andrew Kolvoord
Work Address
Libraries and Educational Technologies
James Madison University
Harrisonburg, VA 22807
University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA)
Bachelor of Arts in Physics with High Distinction, 1983
University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA)
Master of Science in Materials Science, 1985
Cornell University (Ithaca, NY)
Doctor of Philosophy in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 1990
Professional Experience
Dean, College of Integrated Science and Engineering (CISE) (current)
Interim Director, School of Engineering
Professor (2003-present), Assoc. (1999 – 2003), Asst. Professor (1995-1999)
James Madison University
Academic unit head for new School of Engineering.
Faculty member in the Integrated Science and Technology program. Joint appointment with
College of Education in 2000. Co-creator of the Malta Sustainable Environmental Resources
Management Program (w/Dr. J. Miles). Co-supervised Malta 2006 Summer Study Abroad and
Supervised Semester in London, Spring 2008.
Selected Courses taught:
Analytical Methods I, II, III - lower division courses integrating calculus, physics,
statistics, and computing. I have participated in the design of AM I and II and led the course
team for AM II. With a colleague, I created a "lab leader" program to involve undergraduates
in teaching.
GIS and the Environment – a senior/graduate level seminar on the use of GIS in
Environmental Applications
Imagery and Data Display – a graduate level seminar on the use of data visualization
in education
Multimedia Industry - an upper division course in multimedia design and production.
Simulation and Modeling - an upper division course in discrete and continuous
modeling and simulation.
Data Visualization – senior seminar on data visualization tools and techniques,
including image processing and GIS.
Science of the Planets – introductory planetary astronomy for pre-service teachers.
Associate Dean of Educational Technologies, James Madison
University (1999)
Member of the senior management team of the Libraries and Educational Technologies
division with responsibility for distance learning program support, integration of educational
technology with curricula, support for faculty development, educational media production and
licensing, and coordination of technology resources in the colleges.
Director, CISAT Medialab (1996 - 1998)
Director of a multimedia production facility. Managed a staff of two professionals and 8-
10 student assistants in providing instructional technology design and support. Pursued
external funding for projects and develop innovative applications of educational technology.
Senior Research Associate, Univ. of Arizona (1994–1995)
Directed Hands-On Image Processing project funded by the Annenberg/CPB Math and
Science Project, managed curriculum development and publication, evaluated program
effectiveness in schools, and developed external funding opportunities for the Image
Processing for Teaching project
Associate Director, Center for Image Processing in Education (1992-1995)
Co-founder of the Center, managed financial affairs and directed outreach and
development efforts. Co-director of NSF-funded project in developing technology curriculum
Research Associate, University of Arizona (1990-1994)
Pursued original scientific research on planetary rings and planetary formation
Directed curriculum development and electronic outreach efforts, managed on-site
evaluation process, and mentored teachers for the Image Processing for Teaching project
Imaging Team Associate, Galileo Space Probe, NASA (1990-1992)
Performed data support and analysis tasks for the Galileo project as the spacecraft
completed its Earth-Moon and Asteroid Encounters
Grants Awarded
Principal Investigator, Hands-on Image Processing Project,
funded by the Annenberg/CPB Math and Science Reform Project, $515,000, June 1993-
December 1996.
Co-Principal Investigator, Image Processing for Technological Education, funded by the
National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education program, $1,250,000,
January 1995 - December 1997. Renewal funding of $700,000 for March 1997-February
Principal Investigator, Project VISM, Visualization in Science and Mathematics. Funded by
the National Science Foundation $766,288, May 1999-September 2002. No-cost extension
through Summer 2004.
Principal Investigator, Great Outdoors, Digital Indoors, funded by Eisenhower Professional
Development funds through the State Council of Higher Education in Virginia, $40,000, July
2001- June 2002. Renewed for $50.459 for July 2002-June 2003. Renewed for $26,705 for
July 2003 – August 2004.
Co-Principal Investigator, NASA RISE at JMU: Contributions to a State Remote Sensing
Data Venter, $46,500 from NASA for 2002 activities.
Co-Principal Investigator, Project GRASP (subcontractor to Science Museum of Virginia –
M. Talaiver, PI). Funded by Virginia No Child Left Behind Funding, $33,646, August 2005
– August 2006.
Principal Investigator, National Center for Rural STEM Education. Funded by the United
States Department of Education, $297.300, October 2005 – September 2007.
Principal Investigator, Gordon Conference Mini-Grant on Data Visualization (with
colleagues at Northwestern Univ.), $5,000. October 2005 – June 2006.
Principal Investigator, Bridging the Valley. Funded by the National Science Foundation's
STEM Talent Expansion program, $2,468,121, September 2008 – August 2013.
Principal Investigator, Gordon Conference Mini-Grant on Data Visualization (with
colleagues at Michigan Tech and Pacific (OR) Universities), $6,000. October 2009 – June
Principal Investigator, Video Case Studies of the Impact of GIS on Spatial Thinking.
Funded by Northwestern University (as a subcontract to National Science Foundation
funding), $25,035. January 2010 – August 2011.
Other Project Funding - Clean Cities CD-ROM directory. Funded by IRI, Inc. for the
United States for the Department of Energy $25,649, June 1996 - May 1997; Page County
Economic Development CD-ROM. Funded by Page County, VA $7,865. Nov. 1997 - Oct
1998; Harrisonburg City School Training Grant. Funded by the Harrisonburg City Public
Schools $12,500, January – December 1999, renewal funding for $19,255 for Jan. – Dec.
2000, renewal funding for 18,343 for Jan. – Dec. 2001.
Areas of Interest
Applications of Geospatial Tools to Education (curriculum development, professional
development and research on student spatial thinking skills)
Science and Technology Education (curriculum reform, applications of technology,
assessment, novel applications of computers, media, and networks to discipline-specific
Scientific/Data Visualization (image processing, educational applications, modeling and
Computing (educational applications , distance learning, visualization, numerical methods,
animation, simulation, image processing,)
Solar System Dynamics (planetary rings, orbital evolution, origin and evolution of the solar
Echols Scholar, 1979-1983, University of Virginia.
Phi Beta Kappa, 1983.
Dupont Fellowship, 1983--1984, University of Virginia.
NASA Graduate Student Fellow, 1987-1990.
HIP Biology (Executive Editor) - Curriculum Administrator Top 100
HIP Biology (Executive Editor) - Technology and Learning Award for
HIP Biology (Executive Editor) - Technology and Learning Software
of the Year Award
HIP for Educators (Executive Editor) - Technology and Learning
Software of the Year Award
Project Kaleidoscope Faculty of the 21st Century, Class of 1997
Named Outstanding Faculty Member by ISAT Class of 1999, 2003 and
an Outstanding Teacher by ISAT Class of 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2005
College of Integrated Science and Technology Inaugural
Distinguished Service Award (2001)
Best Theory Paper (w/Mike Charles) at the Society for Information
Technology in Education 2001 Conference
Medal for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Heidelberg Model
Schools Project, Department of Defense Dependent Schools, 2002.
JMU Alumni Association Outstanding Faculty Award, 2003.
Provost's Award for International Education, 2007
Virginia Association of Science Teachers, Outstanding non K-12 Science Educator, 2007
Shenandoah Valley Technology Council Innovation in K-12 Education Award, 2007
Honorable Mention, Governor's Award for Innovative Use of Technology in K-12 Education,
Virginia State Council of Higher Education in Virginia, 2011 Outstanding Faculty
Award, Teaching with Technology
Selected Publications
Kolvoord, R.A., J.A. Burns and M.R. Showalter (1990). Periodic features in Saturn's F ring: evidence for nearby moonlets. Nature 345, 695-697.
Executive Editor, HIP Physics Curriculum CD-ROM (1994). Published by Tom Snyder
Productions. Curriculum collection of image processing exercises for high school and college
Executive Editor, HIP Biology I and II Curriculum CD-ROM (1996). Published by the
Center for Image Processing in Education. Curriculum collection of image processing
exercises for high school and college Biology
Executive Editor, Hands-on Image Processing CD-ROM and Video (1996). Published by
the Annenberg/CPB Math and Science Project and the Center for Image Processing in
Education. Hypermedia tutorial and video for learning image processing applications in
Executive Editor, HIP Mathematics (1998). Published by the Center for Image Processing in
Education. Curriculum collection for middle school mathematics.
Kolvoord, B. (1999). Data Visualization Tools for Science and Math.
The Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations. Vol. 2(2), pp.
Executive Editor, Biotechnologist (1999). Published by the Center for Image Processing in
Education. Curriculum collection for community college and college biotechnology classes.
Kolvoord, R.A. (1999). Focus Section on Current and Emerging Technologies – Get the Picture: Visualization Tools for Science and Math. Virginia Society for Technology in Education
Journal. Vol. 14(1), pp. 4-9.
Kolvoord, B. (1999). Data Visualization Tools for Science and Math. The Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations Vol. 2(2), pp. 175-182.
Charles, M. and R. Kolvoord (2001). Teacher's stages of development In using visualization tools for inquiry-based science: The case of Project VISM. Proceedings of SITE 2001. Charlottesville, VA:
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
Malinowski, R., C. Klevickis, and R. Kolvoord (2001). Come See the Molecules – Using 3-D Modeling Programs to Learn Chemistry. Learning & Leading with Technology Vol 29(4), pp. 36-41.
Kolvoord, R.A. and K. Keranen (2004). GIS for K12 Critical Thinking: Developing Fire Risk Assessment Maps. Proceedings of the ESRI 2004 Education Users Conference. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
Klevickis, C, R.A. Kolvoord, K. Giovanetti, T. Daughtrey, S. Fairchild, M. Handley and D. Peterson (2004). First Steps toward Change in Teacher Preparation for Elementary Science. Submitted to the Journal for
Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Efforts. In press.
Kolvoord, R.A. and K. Keranen (2005). Spatial Thinking with ArcExplorer –Java Edition for Education: Applications for Grades 4-6. Proceedings of the ESRI 2005 Education Users Conference. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
Kolvoord, R.A. and K. Keranen (2005). The ABC's of GIS: Applications for Upper Elementary Classrooms. Cutting Ed, Fall 2005, (Vol III-2), pp. 4-9.
Kolvoord, R.A. (2005). Introducing GIS to the Next Generation in the Virginia Geospatial Newsletter, Spring 2005 edition.
Kolvoord, R.A. (2007). The Geospatial Semester in the Virginia Geospatial Newsletter, Spring 2007 edition.
Kolvoord, R.A. (2007). Connecting Project-Based GIS Curricula with Secondary Students. Proceedings of the IGU/HERODOT Conference on Innovative Curriculum, London, England.
Keranen K. and R. Kolvoord (2008). Making Spatial Decisions Using GIS. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
Keranen, K. and R. A. Kolvoord (2011). Making Spatial Decisions With GIS, 2nd Edition. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
Kolvoord, R., M. Charles and S. Purcell (2011). What Happens After the Professional Development: Case Studies on Implementing GIS in the Classroom. Chapter in Learning Science Through the Innovative Use of Geospatial Technologies Designing Effective Learning Tools and Programs for K-16 Settings. Barnett, Michael; MaKinster, James; Trautmann, Nancy (Eds.). Springer-Verlag. In press.


text:
Curvy Podium with Wheels
Terms and Conditions:
- All orders are subject to minimum production lead time of 15 working Days from receipt of payment, Clear Design operates on a first come first serve basis.
- All orders are subject to minimum order quantities and/or value.
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- Pricing is subject to change without notice.
- Price quoted is excluding delivery / shipping cost.
Complete T&C can be viewed on the Clear Design website
Clear Design Podiums
Clear Design's range of modern Podium options are designed and built using highest quality acrylic materials available with extra care and attention to detail in the manufacturing process.
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Podium measurements: Width 800mm x Depth 500mm x Height 1100mm


text:
To add or change your team name, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call the KCBS office at 1-800-963-5227.
KCBS Team Bios
BUTCHER'S DAUGHTER BBQYear Started: 2011
Butcher's Daughter BBQ is a Grand Championship one-woman team, headed by Donna Fong, and based in Alameda, CA. As a CBJ since 2004, she combines her passion for BBQ with knowledge of slaughtering, butchering and meat processing into a unified culinary experience. Her father, Donald Fong, who has owned Don's Meats in Oakland, CA for forty years, continues to be a strong influence in how she approaches the fundamentals of meat. During her 2011 rookie year, Donna traveled to competitions and events in her Toyota Avalon, packing everything she needed to cook four meats, including her 18.5 inch WSM. By the end of her rookie year, all four meats were cooked on a single WSM. For 2011, Donna ranked 6th in the California 2011 TOY race, third in the California rookie race and second in the national Rancher's Reserve race. She was ranked 8th overall and 3rd in brisket in California for 2012. During "business hours", Donna supports her CBJ-turned-Pitmaster habit by working as a molecular biologist at a Bay Area biotech company. She is a single Mom of a 8 year old competitive Kid's Q'n daughter, and an avid Oakland Athletic's fan.
Contact: email@example.com
Hometown: Alameda
State: CA
Country: US
Most wins in a year: 1
Biggest Wins: 2012 Bay Area BBQ Championship, Oakland, CA (36 teams)
Sponsors: None


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Caught On Tape: Minneaplis Cop Knocks Out Citizen At Bar!
"On Tuesday, the felony assault charges leveled against Minneapolis Police Sgt. David Clifford were upgraded from third to first degree in connection with the knock-out punch that put a bar patron in Andover on life support. Clifford was charged after throwing a punch at Tanner's Station on June 16, hitting Brian Vander Lee during a dispute over a cell phone conversation. Vander Lee was rushed to a nearby hospital, where he underwent emergency surgery for bleeding on his brain. The altercation was caught on surveillance video taken with a cell phone camera, which shows Clifford approaching and punching Vander Lee in the mouth shortly thereafter. FOX 9 News obtained the video and showed it to Cilfford's attorney, Fred Bruno, who said he feels the charges were upgraded in retaliation for his client maintaining his innocence." - 9 news
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Feb 03 |08:00
A BlankTV Premiere Presentation:
If I Die Today - "The End Of Everything"
If I Die Today Start Preparations for the Rebuilding!
BlankTV is proud to introduce the new IF I DIE TODAY music video for "The End of Everything" from the new EP called Postcards from the Abyss.
"The End of Everything" is a video in which rock'n'roll, hardcore and punk rock fully merge together, thanks to the production of Andrea Fusini. It's the new workout video for IIDT's record label, This Is Core, the best Italian punk label around.
"It's a protest manifesto, realizing the fact, that everything is ending and this band is looking forward to the comeuppance of the biggest 1% that have held this rotten society together! Let's rebuild something better."
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Jesse D. Garrabrant/NBAE/Getty Images
NBA Playoff Power Rankings
San Antonio Spurs (62-20)Sixty-two wins and a 19-game winning streak is a pretty impressive way of bouncing back from a soul-crushing, seven-game loss in the 2013 NBA Finals. Gregg Popovich's team led the league in victories while not having a single player average 30 minutes. With Popovich, a four-time champion, leading a roster full of experienced playoff stars, the Spurs are the favorites to emerge from the loaded West.
Miami Heat (54-28)Sure, they've lost six of their last eight games, haven't had Dwyane Wade for more than a third of the season and potentially won't have home-court advantage in the conference finals or Finals. But we're talking about LeBron James and the two-time defending champions. The East has given Miami little cause for concern this season, and the Heat get the benefit of the doubt that they can rise to the occasion.
Oklahoma City Thunder (59-23)Kevin Durant is on the brink of winning his first MVP award after averaging a league-leading 32 points, 7.4 rebounds and 5.5 assists. Is this also the year that the seventh-year forward breaks through on a team level and leads the Thunder to a title? The path won't be easy, starting with the dangerous Grizzlies, but Durant has something he didn't have in the playoffs last season: a healthy Russell Westbrook.
Los Angeles Clippers (57-25)Warning: Dangerous When Healthy. The Clippers could have everyone available for Game 1 against the Warriors, an important check mark they've been working toward for weeks after going long stretches this season without Chris Paul, J.J. Redick, Jamal Crawford and Matt Barnes. Doc Rivers' team has two of the best players in the league in Paul and Blake Griffin, complementary shooters and capable defenders. It also enters the postseason on a 20-5 run.
Indiana Pacers (56-26)A No. 1 seed, but still a No. 1 contender? The Pacers have the talent and experience to vie for a championship, but the chemistry critical to doing so hasn't been there in recent weeks. Indiana has dropped 13 of 25 after losing only 13 of its first 57. But if the Pacers can get their slumping starters (notably Roy Hibbert and George Hill) to return to first-half form and their revamped bench to contribute, they'll be the Heat's biggest challenger in the East again.
Houston Rockets (54-28)General manager Daryl Morey didn't make a dizzying amount of roster moves to land Dwight Howard just to win 50-plus games; he relentlessly pursued the big man because he thought Howard and James Harden could carry the Rockets to a championship. Is the duo up to the task of contending for one in only their first year together? One key for Houston will be point guard Patrick Beverley, who is playing through a knee injury. Will he be healthy enough to drive Lillard crazy in the first round and possibly Tony Parker and Russell Westbrook or Chris Paul beyond that?
Portland Trail Blazers (54-28)Finishing the season 9-1 put some wind back in Portland's sails, but questions still remain about the Blazers' depth and defense. Those concerns won't seem as pressing if LaMarcus Aldridge continues his April form (23.3 points, 11.5 rebounds in six games) and second-year point guard Damian Lillard -- who is making his playoff debut -- breaks out like some think he can this postseason.
Dallas Mavericks (49-33)This is old hat for Dirk Nowitzki and the Mavericks, who are back in the playoffs for the 13th time in 14 seasons. Dallas is so good offensively that it is capable of catching fire like the 2010-11 team, which rode hot shooting to the franchise's first title. That team, however, was much better defensively, and the Mavs will be hard pressed to stop San Antonio in the first round.
Memphis Grizzlies (50-32)The Grizzlies are not your average No. 7 seed. Memphis has the NBA's third-best record since Jan. 14 (33-13), when center Marc Gasol returned from a knee injury, and its core is playoff-tested after making the conference finals last year. With its bruising style and ability to control tempo, the Grizzlies won't be an easy out against Oklahoma City in the first round.
Chicago Bulls (48-34)Prediction: Chicago wins a game in the first round despite scoring fewer than 85 points. The Bulls won a playoff series without Derrick Rose last year, and I'm expecting them to do the same this year, against the upstart Wizards. Without Rose or Luol Deng, coach Tom Thibodeau has reinvented the Bulls through the surprising contributions of point guard D.J. Augustin and the elite two-way post tandem of Joakim Noah and Taj Gibson.
Golden State Warriors (51-31)Andre Iguodala was acquired to make Golden State a better defensive team and it's worked: The Warriors finished third in points allowed per possession. But losing an integral part of that defense, center Andrew Bogut, to a rib injury is a huge blow, especially given that the Warriors will face the NBA's top offense in the first round. They'll be forced to compensate by playing small ball or giving heavy minutes to Jermaine O'Neal at center, neither of which is a winning recipe in the West playoffs.
Toronto Raptors (48-34)Toronto returns to the playoffs for the first time since 2008, when Chris Bosh was its best player. The Raptors have exceeded expectations behind the backcourt of Kyle Lowry and first-time All-Star DeMar DeRozan, going an East-best 41-22 since trading Rudy Gay and finishing as the only team in the conference to rank in the top 10 in offensive and defensive efficiency. With a first-round matchup against the Nets, Toronto has a solid chance to make the conference semifinals for the second time in the franchise's 19-year history.
Brooklyn Nets (44-38)After a dreadful start that included the loss of center Brook Lopez, the demotion of lead assistant Lawrence Frank and a rocky stretch for rookie coach Jason Kidd, the Nets posted the East's second-best record since Jan. 1 (34-17). The turnaround has given Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce yet another chance to make a postseason run. Brooklyn's success, though, hinges more on highly compensated guards Deron Williams and Joe Johnson, who have had subpar seasons.
Washington Wizards (44-38)Guards John Wall and Bradley Beal get their first taste of the postseason, supported by playoff-seasoned veterans such as Nene, Trevor Ariza, Marcin Gortat, Andre Miller and Al Harrington. Washington is seeking to reach the second round for only the second time in 31 years, but I don't like their chances against the stingy Bulls.
Charlotte Bobcats (43-39)The Bobcats' defense is playoff-caliber: Under first-year coach Steve Clifford, Charlotte improved from last to sixth in points allowed per possession. Unfortunately for Charlotte, it's also the team that was swept 4-0 by Miami in the regular season and gave up 61 points in one meeting to LeBron James, whom the Bobcats will be seeing a lot of over the next week or two.
Atlanta Hawks (38-44)LeBron James signing with the Bucks. Carmelo Anthony leading the league in assists. The NBA raising the age limit to 30. These are just a few of the things more likely to happen than the Hawks winning the 2014 title. That said, Atlanta split its four-game season series with Indiana and gets an opportunity to knock off one of the coldest No. 1 seeds in recent memory.


text: Choose Your Color - USA USA 23 USA 30 USA 48 Safe image not available EXTERIOR INTERIOR COLORS AVAILABLE WITH CHROME HARDWARE Textured Black / Gray Fabric $949 Select Liberty reserves the right to change or update product specifications, colors and model sizes at anytime. ** Additional shipping may apply depending on the difficulty of the delivery. Next Step: LOCK »


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Colorful Placemats From Modern-twist
Placemats and linens are one of the easiest and cheapest ways to add color to your kitchen. Being that they're relatively inexpensive, it's easy to change up the colors depending on your mood and the season.
These placemats from Kat Nouri and Modern-twist are eco-friendly and made from hand silk-screened, food-grade silicone. The mats are free of BPA, lead, latex, phthalates and other harsh chemicals. The best part is they come in a variety of subtle and bright colors. The placemats are non-porous and have a germ-free surface, which is important for little ones.
We really enjoy how subtle yet colorful these placemats are. They'll add a pop of color without screaming for attention, plus, they're so easy to clean! Plus, you can get as modern or traditional with the design as you want.
• Find them: Colorful Placemats, $18-$20 at Modern-Twist
Related: 10 Pretty and Practical Placemats
(Images: Modern-twist)


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Walk & Worship meets at 7:00 AM, North Beach San Clemente, at the picnic table just South of the restrooms. At this hour parking is FREE! With Christ as our focus, this is an exercise ministry for all ages and fitness levels. If you love the beach, want to start your day on the right foot, and get fit, then this is the ministry for you! We open with prayer and stretching. Before walking, we do exercises for strength building. No child care provided. Please bring a towel or mat for ground exercises.
As meeting time and location may change over the holidays and inclement weather, please email Rebekah Fernando for dates and times changes for the current week: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Introducing: Crown Royal Limited XR LaSalle Whisky
Posted by Arctic Wolf on May 16, 2012
Crown Royal has just unveiled their new Crown Royal XR® LaSalle Whisky. The previous edition of Crown Royal XR®, (click here for my review) was s a unique bottling of Crown Royal Whisky, which included in the blend, the last aged stocks from the Crown Royal Waterloo Distillery which burned down in 1993. This latest Crown Royal XR® blend includes select remaining whisky stocks from the renowned LaSalle Distillery in Quebec, Canada. Apparently the Crown Royal XR® will be an on-going series, with each Crown Royal XR blend created with the inclusion rare batch whisky stocks and distributed for a limited time only.
This present edition, Crown Royal XR® LaSalle, was 'handcrafted" by Crown Royal Master Blender, Andrew MacKay. Mr. MacKay actually began his apprenticeship with Crown Royal at the LaSalle Distillery. The creation of this new XR whiskey was therefore a uniquely personal experience for the Master Blender who stated:
"LaSalle holds a historic place in the whisky world and is incredibly special to me, because it's where I first learned about creating memorable blends. To be able to incorporate these Extra Rare LaSalle whiskies into the new Crown Royal XR is an honor, and I hope loyal adult Crown Royal drinkers enjoy it responsibly – whether toasting to a monumental anniversary or simply gathering with friends and family on the weekend."
The LaSalle Distillery is significant to Crown Royal, as it was the first distillery opened by the Bronfman Family (a legendary name within the spirits industry). The Bronfmans were responsible for the creation of the original Crown Royal Whisky in 1939 to commemorate King George VI and Queen Elizabeth's visit to Canada.
The new Crown Royal XR Limited LaSalle's packaging continues the original presentation theme established with the first installment in this 'Extra Rare' Whisky Series. The uniquely shaped bottle which resembles a crown, the deluxe glass stopper, and the iconic velvet bag will remain the same in shape and design; but, the new display box and velvet bag now reflect a royal blue color to echo the regal history of the product.
Crown Royal XR will be available nationwide for a suggested retail price of $129.99 per 750 ml bottle (bottled at 40 % abv.) beginning in early June. As was the case with the inaugural installment in the 'Extra Rare' series, the new Crown Royal XR will be available for a limited time only.
Although I have not yet tasted the new Crown Royal Limited XR LaSalle Whiskey, I shall be sure to provide a comprehensive review as soon as I do.
Here are some links to my previous Crown Royal Whisky Reviews:
Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time.


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|OPTI-FREE Pure Moist Features
Comfort & moisture from insertion to
Only Opti-Free PureMoist Multi-Purpose Disinfecting Solution with HydraGlyde Moisture Matrix provides comfort and moisture from insertion to removal. Removes protein deposits and reduces lipid deposition for silicone hydrogel and soft contact lenses.
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Does your bread do this?
Hi all,
It's been a while since I have posted something here but have kept up with all the very interesting reading. My breads have greatly improved in the last few months - shape, scoring and even oven steaming/spring are now very decent. Actually, my oven spring is pretty good these days. However, I still notice something odd about my breads after I take them out of the oven. Once I am sure that they are fully baked (I usually have a thermometer), I let them cool on a rack. Half way through the cooling stage, I saw that my breads would lose a little bit of their volume. Once the cooling is done, I noticed that they have indeed lost a bit of that beautiful oven spring. Nothing much, but enough for me to see a slight difference between the once hot breads and the cooled ones. I mentioned this to my French baker instructor and he said that it is because the breads are probably not fully done and that a thermometer may not be the best indicator of their readiness.
Has anyone experienced this type of situation? Could my instructor be right? I think that it is odd that my breads aren't fully baked when my thermometer clearly indicates 205 F to 209 F for french breads.


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5 Leeward Students Honored
by the Hawaii Chapter of the American Chemical SocietyLeeward Community College
Math & Sciences
Kathleen R Cabral, (808) 455-0524
Marketing Director, Chancellor's Office
The Hawai'i Chapter of the American Chemical Society (ACS) honored the five Leeward students as "Outstanding Chemistry Students of Year" at Leeward CC during their annual awards banquet held Tuesday, May 6 at the Ka'ikena Restaurant.
Each student was recognized by the organization, received a certificate from the ACS Hawaii Chapter, and were treated to a buffet dinner. Professor Michael Reese, Dr. Bradley Ashburn, and Dr. Jeffrey Tibbitt presented the honorees with their awards.
Past award winners have gone on to earn degrees in Chemistry, Biology and Engineering and many are currently in professional health degree programs. The Chemistry discipline is proud to be have been able to serve these phenomenal students and wish them all the best in their future careers.
General Chemistry I
Tyler Peterson
Jessica Anglin
General Chemistry II
Wesley Wittekind
Organic Chemistry I
Allyson Ota
Organic Chemistry II
Tiffany Eulalio


text: COVENTRY - Authorities are warning residents that a rabid skunk was found last week on the Airport Road in Coventry.Jim McFarland from the USDA found the dead skunk on the Airport Road between New England Waste Services landfill and Billings Point, town clerk Cindy Diaz said.Diaz, under the recommendation from town health officer Pedro Grondin, posted a notice in the paper last week."People should take precautions as far as vaccinating their animals," said Diaz. "If there is a strange animal outside, it's not quite acting right, and it's not yours, I would not have my children go up to touch it."Diaz recommends anyone who thinks that a rabid animal bit a pet to contact a veterinarian. Grondin went one-step further and said that nobody should approach any wild animal. Last year a rabid cat attacked someone at the landfill. That person had to go through a variety shots. Anyone who believes that an animal has rabies or has attacked someone should contact the town health officer or state police. Grondin believes part of the problem is that wild animals hunt for food at the landfill.For more of this story, see Tuesday's edition of The Newport Daily Express for April 9, 2013.


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WEDNESDAY, Aug. 31, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- More is not necessarily better when paramedics give cardiac arrest patients CPR before administering shocks to the heart, a new study finds.
On the contrary, providing CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) for a longer period of time could actually harm certain patients.
"We found that extra CPR didn't help and, in fact, in some patients it was not a good thing. It would make it worse," said Dr. Ian Stiell, lead author of a paper published in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. "Our study showed that there's no reason to do two minutes of CPR or to delay defibrillation."
But the study didn't address CPR delivered by a bystander so the message to the public is still the same.
"We absolutely believe that bystanders should start CPR right away," said Stiell, chair of emergency medicine at the University of Ottawa, Canada, and a senior scientist with the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. "This trial doesn't address that."
Fewer than 10 percent of the 350,000 people each year in the United States and Canada who have a cardiac arrest out of the hospital survive the event.
Early CPR -- a combination of manual chest compressions and rescue breathing -- increases blood flow and is thought to put the heart in better shape to receive and respond to defibrillation, which restores a normal heart rhythm.
But how much CPR is optimal remains unclear. "We all knew that the earlier to defibrillation the better . . . but no one really knew how long that period of time was," said Dr. Joseph Feldman, chairman of emergency services at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey.
In guidelines released in 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) cited "inconsistent evidence" either for or against extended CPR and any delay in heart rhythm analysis.
In the largest study on cardiac arrest ever performed, involving nearly 10,000 patients, Stiell and his team divided emergency responders into two groups: those who would provide 30 to 60 seconds of initial CPR and those providing three minutes of CPR.
About 6 percent of patients in both groups lived to be discharged from the hospital.
But in the 10 percent of patients who had also received bystander CPR and were candidates for defibrillation, longer CPR from paramedics actually decreased the odds of survival.
"Before, the theory was to do a bunch of CPR to make the heart stronger and more responsive to the shock, but we didn't show that," said Stiell. "We showed that too much is not a good thing."
At this point, Stiell recommends that paramedics and firefighters deliver just one minute of CPR.
In a second CPR study published in the same journal issue, researchers report disappointing results for the "impedance threshold device" (ITD), which was designed to increase the beneficial effects of CPR.
The device increases blood flow to the heart while someone is administering CPR.
Nearly 9,000 patients in the United States and Canada were split into two groups, one of which received ITD treatment and another that got sham ITD treatment. The researchers, noting that about the same number in each group survived to hospital discharge, said the ITD did not significantly improve results.
More information
Visit the American Heart Association for help finding a CPR class.


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Have We Reached A 'Post-Gay' Era On TV? 'Sean Saves The World' Creator Seems To Think So
Have we entered a "post-gay" world--at least on television?
Victor Fresco, the creator of Sean Hayes' new NBC sitcom Sean Saves The World seems to think so, or at least he hopes to bring a "post-gay" television show to audiences.
According to Deadline, which covered the show's Television Critics Association presentation:
One of the keys to Hayes' character is that, like his Will & Grace alter ego, he's gay. And Fresco believes that show's impact was to help open up network primetime to embrace gay characters on shows like Modern Family and now Sean Saves the World. "Without Will & Grace, we would not be here right now," Fresco stressed. "But I think of this as a post-gay show where there is a gay man at the center but it's not about his being gay." Indeed, for his part, Hayes is proud of the fact that primetime has now progressed to the point where a gay character's "gayness" can be incidental. "It's an afterthought just like any other character or minority now," he emphasized, "which is how it should be. It's even sad that it's a question, really." Hayes admitted that he would like that his previous show "had a big influence on the gay movement in America."
Not that Hayes was thinking about any of that when he got the Will & Grace job. "I was 26. It was a job, nothing more." What he says he could never have envisioned is that a byproduct of that would be "opening people's minds and maybe educating them without them knowing about the normalcy of gay people. They're just like black people, Jewish people, or anyone else people in small towns can have their means to get to know."
What do you think, Instincters? In a world where gay teens are still committing suicide, the Russian LGBT community can be jailed for "anti-gay propaganda," and "Kill The Gay" bills are bandied about in Africa--is it a little too soon to be declaring anything "post-gay"???
What about on American television where, yes, we're seeing more inclusion of gay characters? Is "gay" really the afterthought seemingly being presented by Fresco and Hayes?
What's your Instinct?
Image Source


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