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Candidate List
The first 2012 presidential primaries and caucuses may still be months away, but potential contenders are already criss-crossing the country in bids to boost their political profiles and raise money.
OpenSecrets.org is tracking how notable presidential hopefuls -- both confirmed and unconfirmed -- are preparing for campaign battles ahead in what will likely be the most expensive presidential election in U.S. history.
Check here frequently, as OpenSecrets.org's 2012 presidential section will be regularly updated to reflect the changing nature of the campaign at hand.
View fundraising summary.
Active Presidential Candidates
|Goode, Virgil (Constitution, Virginia)
Virgil Goode was born in Richmond, Va., on October 17, 1946. Goode attended the University of Richmond and earned a law degree from the University of Virginia. He served as a member of the Army National Gaurd from 1969 to 1975. He first entered politics in 1973, when he was elected to the Virginia state senate , where served continuously until 1997. In 1997, he was elected to the U.S Congress, as a representative for Virginia's 5th Congressional District, as a Democrat. In 2000, shortly before the election, Goode switched his party affiliation from Democrat to independent and was re-elected. In 2002, Goode once again ran for re-election, but this time as a Republican, and won. Goode continued to serve as his district's congressman until 2008, when he was narrowly defeated by Democrat Tom Perriello. While serving in Congress as a Democrat, he developed a reputation as one of the most conservative in his party, because of his support for gun rights and opposition to abortion. He was one of three Democrats to vote for Bill Clinton's impeachment.
Goode is running for president in 2012 as the Constitution Party candidate, on a platform opposing any kind of immigration, abortion, foreign aid and the North American Free Trade Agreement. He is on the ballot in at least 18 states, including his home state of Virginia, where polling indicates he has enough support to be a spoiler for the Republican ticket. Goode's campaign declines to accept PAC money, or individual contributions over $200.
|Johnson, Gary (Libertarian, New Mexico)
Johnson, born in 1953, served as New Mexico's governor from 1995 to 2003. On April 21, Johnson announced from the steps of the New Hampshire Statehouse that he is entering the GOP presidential primary.
"America needs a 'President Veto' right now -- someone who will say 'no' to insane spending and stop the madness that has become Washington," he said that day in a press statement. "That's why I am here today to announce that I'm running for President of the United States. And I don't do so lightly."
In 2009, Johnson founded Our America Initiative, a conservative nonprofit organization.
Under the auspicies of the Our America Initiative, Johnson has made numerous trips in 2010 and 2011 to key presidential battleground states, including New Hampshire, Iowa and South Carolina. But organizers of a GOP presidential debate June 13 in New Hampshire excluded Johnson -- a blow to his campaign. In fact, Johnson has been excluded from every presidential debate since May save for one, a Fox News contest held September 22
Before his service as New Mexico's governor, Johnson worked as a construction company executive.
|Obama, Barack (Democrat, President)
Obama, born in 1961, is the 44th president of the United States, having won election in November 2008. In his bid for reelection, Obama is using the campaign slogan "forward", trying to highlight his accomplishments and arguing that he needs a second term to continue them. Obama has tried to portray Romney as unsuccessful on economic issues.
Obama formally launched his re-election campaign on April 4 by releasing a video and sending an e-mail to supporters. Soon after, he conducted major fund-raising swings through California and New York, raising millions of dollars in the process.
To date, Obama faces no significant competition from within the Democratic Party, and it is expected that he will win his party's presidential nomination in 2012 during the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, N.C. Health care reform, financial regulartory reform, jobs and the economy have been hallmarks of Obama's first term in office.
Obama's victory in the 2008 general election was aided by his tremendous fund-raising success. Since he first began running for president in early 2007, his campaign relied on bigger donors and smaller donors nearly equally, pulling in successive donations, mostly over the Internet. After becoming his party's nominee, Obama declined public financing and the spending limits that came with it, making him the first major-party candidate since the system was created to reject taxpayers' money for the general election. He is expected to do the same in his 2012 campaign.
Prior to becoming president, Obama served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and an Illinois state senator, serving from 1997 to 2004. He also made an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, losing in a Democratic primary to incumbent Bobby Rush.
|Romney, Mitt (Republican, Massachusetts)
Romney announced on June 2, 2011, in New Hampshire that he would run for president in 2012. On that day, he asserted that President Barack Obama "has failed America" and that "from my first day in office my number one job will be to see that America once again is number in job creation."
Romney, who unsuccessfully ran for president in 2008, is the former governor of Massachusetts, serving in that capacity from 2003 to 2007.
Early as it may be, some political watchers consider Romney the front-runner for the 2012 GOP presidential nomination, as he easily won a New Hampshire Republican Party straw poll in January 2011. Romney has maintained an active political action committee, the Free and Strong America PAC, which raised $9.1 million and spent $8.7 million during the 2010 election cycle.
During his 2008 presidential bid, Romney was an effective fund-raiser, collecting more than $107 million -- second only to the ultimate GOP nominee, John McCain. But winning the money race wasn't enough to win his party's favor. Romney dropped out of the race after disappointing Super Tuesday results in February, when McCain solidified his position as the party's frontrunner. In all, Romney won 11 primaries or caucuses during the 2008 presidential election.
Romney raised $88.5 million in 2007 alone, but $35.4 million of that came from his own pocket: He has amassed a fortune estimated to be worth as much as $250 million as a former chief executive of a management consulting firm and co-founder of a private equity investment. Romney, born in 1947, spent more than any other candidate on advertising in the early primary states during 2008, but his message didn't seem to resonate as well as his campaign had hoped.
Romney's political career also includes an unsuccessful U.S. Senate bid in 1994, during which he lost to Democratic incumbent Ted Kennedy.
Read more about Romney's previous fund-raising successes here on OpenSecrets Blog.
|Stein, Jill (Green, Massachusetts)
Jill Stein, a resident of Lexington, Mass., was born in Chicago on May 14, 1950. Stein graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1973, and earned her PhD from Harvard Medical School in 1979. She was a practicing physician until she announced her presidential bid in October 2011 under the banner of the Green Party, and she's a former professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Stein's previous political experience included two unsuccessful runs, as a Green Party nominee, to be governor of Massachusetts.
Like other Green Party candidates, Stein doesn't accept donations from political action committees and instead pledged to accept campaign contributions only from individual donors. She made the influence of money-in-politics a main plank in her platform of her campaign, and is an advocate of a constitutional amendment to overturn the U.S. Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission decision and wanted the government to provide full public financing of elections.
Stein was the first Green Party candidate to qualify for federal matching funds, after raising at least $5,000 in qualifying donations in each of at least 20 states. Cheri Honkala, a Native American human rights and anti-poverty activist, was her running mate.
Stein was arrested twice in October 2012, once for protesting the lack of inclusion of smaller party nominees in the presidential debates and again while trying to assist protestors of the Keystone XL pipeline. She received just over 456,000 votes in November, less than one-half of one percent of the total votes cast.
|Terry, Randall (Democrat, District of Columbia)
Terry, born in 1959, filed a statement of candidacy on Jan. 18, 2011, to run for president as a Democrat. The outspoken anti-abortion activist has previously made unsuccessful bids in New York state for the U.S. House (1998) and in Florida for the U.S. Senate (2006).
Possible Presidential Candidates
Dropped Out
Michele Bachmann
Herman Cain
Newt Gingrich
Jon Huntsman
Fred Karger
Thad McCotter
Ron Paul
Tim Pawlenty
Rick Perry
Buddy Roemer
Rick Santorum
|Bachmann, Michele (Republican, Minnesota)
Bachmann has represented Minnesota's 6th Congressional District since 2007. On June 13, 2011, during a Republican candidate debate in New Hampshire, Bachmann announced that she had formally filed papers to seek the GOP presidential nomination, saying afterward, "We cannot risk giving President Obama four more years to dismantle our nation. We must act now." Bachmann made her ceremonial announcement on June 27, 2011, in her hometown of Waterloo, Iowa.On Aug. 13, 2011, she finished first in the Ames Straw Poll.
Bachmann is a vocal supporter of the conservative Tea Party movement and founder of the U.S. House Tea Party Caucus.
Bachmann is a prolific fund-raiser, having raised more than $13.5 million during the 2010 election cycle -- the most among all House candidates. She also operates a leadership PAC, Michele PAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised more than $637,000 and spent more than $444,000.
Before being elected to the U.S. House, Bachmann, who was born in 1956, served in the Minnesota State Senate from 2001 to 2007.
Read more about Bachmann's fund-raising prowess on OpenSecrets Blog here.
|Cain, Herman (Republican, Georgia)
Cain, born in 1945, is a radio talk show host, syndicated columnist and Fox Business News contributor who formed a presidential exploratory committee in January 2011.
Cain formally announced his bid for the GOP presidential nomination on May 21 in Atlanta, telling his supporters that "the sleeping giant, we the people, have awakened."
On Dec. 3, 2011, Cain significant ties to the Republican establishment to the race. During the first Republican presidential debate of the election season on May 5, 2011, Cain impressed the audience, with many observers deeming him the winner. He also won numerous straw polls over the course of the campaign, including an upset victory at the Presidency 5 straw poll in Florida in September.
In 2004, Cain ran for the U.S. Senate in Georgia, losing in a Republican primary. He has previously worked as chief executive of Godfather's Pizza and is a former chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
Read more about Cain's political past on OpenSecrets Blog here.
|Gingrich, Newt (Republican, Georgia)
Gingrich, born in 1943, is a former speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving in that capacity from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich represented Georgia's 6th Congressional District in the House from 1979 to 1999.
Gingrich formally announced his presidential run on May 11, 2011, saying that "we can return America to hope and opportunity, to full employment, to real security, to an American energy program, to a balanced budget."
Gingrich's campaign has experienced several high-profile setbacks, however, related to reports about a large line of credit at jeweler Tiffany's and disagreements with House Republicans over Rep. Paul Ryan's 2012 budget plan. On June 9th, citing differences in strategy for campaign, all senior-level aides of Gingrich's presidential campaign
On March 3, Gingrich announced that he was "seriously" considering running for president and launched a new website to explore the possibility. The day before, Fox News had suspended Gingrich as a paid contributor, citing his probable presidential run.
Since leaving elected office, Gingrich has worked as a news analyst, commentator and author. He also maintained his status as a political leader -- albeit an unelected one -- having in 2007 founded the 527 organization American Solutions for Winning the Future, which advocates conservative principles. It has raised $52 million since its inception through the end of 2010.
Read more about Gingrich's political money history on OpenSecrets Blog here.
|Huntsman, Jon (Republican, Utah)
Huntsman, born in 1960, is a former Utah governor (2005-2009) and ambassador to China (2009-2011) under the Obama administration. On June 21, 2011, Huntsman formally announced his entry into the Republican presidential primary, doing so from Liberty State Park in New Jersey, where President Ronald Reagan launched his own run in 1980.
"I'm a candidate for the office of President of the United States of America," Huntsman said. "For the first time in our history, we are passing down to the next generation a country that is less powerful, less compassionate, less competitive and less confident than the one we got. This, ladies and gentlemen, is totally unacceptable and totally un-American."
Huntsman appeared poised to enter the GOP primary during the spring of 2011, telling Bloomberg, "We're moving in that direction. We've got about all the boxes checked: you've got the organizing box, you've got the fundraising box, you've got the boots on the ground box. Then you've got the family box, that is the last one. And we're about there, too. We'll probably have one more sit-down meeting this week, and then I think we'll be able to check that box."
Huntsman, the son of one of the nation's wealthiest men, Jon Huntsman Sr., who founded chemical manufacterer Huntsman Corporation. Jon Jr. is also a former ambassador to Singapore under President George H.W. Bush.
|Karger, Fred (Republican, California)
Fred Karger, born in 1950, is a longtime political consultant who's worked on numerous GOP presidential campaigns and for private firms on a variety of issues, including on behalf of the tobacco industry and for gay marriage. Karger is an outspoken gay rights activist and the first openly gay man to seek a major party presidential nomination.
Karger formally filed paperwork on March 23 to run for president. He initially formed a presidential exploratory committee in August 2010 and has since campaigned frequently in Iowa and New Hampshire. His campaigning in the Granite State has included an odd television advertisement that locals have dubbed the "demon Frisbee" ad.
Karger has never before occupied public office.
|McCotter, Thad (Republican, Michigan)
McCotter, born in 1965, has represented Michigan's 11th Congressional District since 2003. On July 2, 2011, McCotter officially kicked off his candidacy at a music festival in Michigan. He dropped out of the race on Sept. 22, 2011, and endorsed rival Mitt Romney.
He had previously told Politico that he's considering running as a GOP presidential candidate because, in his opinion, "the majority of the Republican electorate isn't happy with the choices they've got and want to take a look at new people." McCotter added: "It's easier to get your message out today, and people will take a look at it - and if they like it, maybe they vote for you."
For his congressional career, the leadership PACs of other political candidates, as well as the real estate and automotive industries, have ranked among McCotter's top industrial and special interest area contributors.
McCotter also previously served as a member of the Michigan state Senate between 1998 and 2002.
|Paul, Ron (Republican, Texas)
Paul, born in 1935, ran for president in 2008, and on May 13, 2011, he announced he'd seek the GOP nomination in 2012.
"Coming in No. 1 in the Republican primary is an absolute possibility many, many times better than it was four years ago," Paul said on ABC's "Good Morning America". "Time has come around to the point where the people are agreeing with much of what I've been saying for 30 years. So I think the time is right."
On April 26, Paul announced the formation of an exploratory committee for the 2012 presidential election.
Despite spirited support from backers who sent him $35 million, largely through Internet "money bombs," Paul did not win a Republican primary or caucus contest during his 2008 presidential bid.
Paul continues to represent Texas' 14th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives, easily winning re-election in 2010. As a member of Congress, he operates a leadership PAC, named Liberty PAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised more than $186,000 and spent more than $286,000.
Paul has served three stints in the House: 1976 to 1977, 1979 to 1985 and 1997 to the present. He ran for president in 1988 as a Libertarian Party candidate, placing third overall in the popular vote with more than 432,000 votes -- about 0.5 percent of all ballots cast. He also made an unsuccessful U.S. Senate bid in 1984.
On Aug. 13, 2011, Paul finished second in the Ames Straw Poll, less than 200 votes behind Rep. Michele Bachmann.
Read more about Paul's money-in-politics past here on OpenSecrets Blog.
|Pawlenty, Tim (Republican, Minnesota)
Pawlenty, born in 1960, is the former governor of Minnesota, serving in that capacity from 2003 to January 2011. On May 23, 2011, Pawlenty formally announced he'd run for the Republican presidential nomination, saying, "politicians are often afraid that if they're too honest, they might lose an election. I'm afraid that in 2012, if we're not honest enough, we may lose our country."
Pawlenty had for months been poised to formally enter the race, with media outlets reporting he would announce a White House bid on May 23 in Iowa.
In a March 21 video posted on Facebook, said he was "announcing the formation of an exploratory committee to run for president of the United States."
Although considered as a potential vice presidential candidate during 2008, GOP nominee John McCain selected then-Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin. Since then, Pawlenty has written a book and made regular visits to key presidential battleground states such as Iowa.
Pawlenty also maintains an active federal political action committee, the Freedom First PAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised $3.4 million and spent $3.2 million.
Prior to his presidential run and years as Minnesota's governor, Pawlenty also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003, with those final four years spent working as Republican majority leader.
Read the OpenSecrets Blog money-in-politics profile of Pawlenty here and the Center for Responsive Politics' analysis of 2010 cycle donors to his leadersihp PAC here.
Pawlenty dropped out of the presidential race on Aug. 14, 2011, after finishing third in the Ames Straw Poll.
|Perry, Rick (Republican, Texas)
Perry, born in 1950 , has served as governor of Texas since 2000.
On August 13, 2011, Perry announced from Charleston, South Carolina that he would launch a campaign for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination. Perry, the longest-serving governor in Texas history, has touted his record of creating jobs in Texas and his socially conservative values throughout his campaign. Though his performances in the Republican presidential debates have done little to help his standing among the race's frontrunners, Perry has proven to be a prolific fund-raiser. His first and only campaign filing thus far in the race reported that his campaign raised $17 million during the third quarter alone.
Perry was the last member of the Republican field to enter the race, and it remains to be seen how that will affect his campaign, where organization in early primary states is critical.
Perry succeeded former President George W. Bush as governor of Texas. Before he became governor, Perry served first as commissioner and later as lieutenant governor of Texas under Bush.
Read more about where Perry's fund-raising comes from here.
|Roemer, Buddy (Independent, Louisiana)
Roemer, born in 1943, announced on March 2, 2011, that he would form a presidential exploratory committee. He vowed later in March not to accept political action committee money or individual contributions of more than $100. On July 21, Roemer officially announced his presidential run.
Roemer faces long odds, as he's been out of elected office for nearly two decades, having served as Louisiana's governor from 1988 to 1992, losing re-election in 1991. He also failed to win the governor's office in a political comeback in 1995.
Roemer also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988 as a Democrat.
|Santorum, Rick (Republican, Pennsylvania)
Santorum announced June 6, 2011, at a rally in Pennsylvania that he would seek the Republican nomination for president, saying, "I'm ready to lead. I'm ready to do what has to be done for the next generation."
Santorum, born in 1958, is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having served in that capacity between 1995 and 2007. He lost his seat to now-Sen. Bob Casey in 2006.
On April 13, Santorum announced that he was forming a presidential exploratory committee, telling Fox News that "the only test for me is whether we can raise the money that's necessary."
Since exiting public office, Santorum has written a newspaper column, worked as an attorney and Fox News contributor and made frequent public appearances. He has publicly acknowledged he's considering a presidential run, and on March 2, Fox News suspended Santorum as a paid contributor, citing his presidential ambitions. Santorum also maintains an active political action committee, America's Foundation, which during the 2010 election cycle raised and spent $2.8 million.
Santorum also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 to 1995.
Read OpenSecrets Blog's money-in-politics profile of Santorum here.
Decided Against Running
Haley Barbour
John R. Bolton
Mitch Daniels
James DeMint
Rudolph Giuliani
Mike Huckabee
Sarah Palin
George Pataki
Mike Pence
John Thune
Donald Trump
|Barbour, Haley (Republican, Mississippi)
Barbour, born in 1947, has served as governor of Mississippi since 2004. He is also chairman of the Republican Governors Association.
He announced on April 25, 2011, that he would not seek the GOP presidential nomination, saying in a statement: "This has been a difficult, personal decision, and I am very grateful to my family for their total support of my going forward, had that been what I decided. A candidate for president today is embracing a 10-year commitment to an all-consuming effort, to the virtual exclusion of all else. His (or her) supporters expect and deserve no less than absolute fire in the belly from their candidate. I cannot offer that with certainty, and total certainty is required."
Barbour's preparations for a potential presidential run included operating federal and state-level political action committees that together have raised millions of dollars. His federal PAC alone, known as Haley's PAC, raised $1.08 million during the 2010 election cycle, spending about $705,000.
Between 1993 and 1997, Barbour served as chairman of the Republican National Committee. In 1991, Barbour helped found a lobbying firm today known as BGR Group. His involvement in politics also includes a failed bid in 1982 for the U.S. Senate and stints during the 1980s working in the Ronald Reagan White House and on the George H.W. Bush presidential campaign.
|Bolton, John R (Republican, Maryland)
Bolton, born in 1948, was the former United States representative to the United Nations under President George W. Bush. Bolton was appointed U.N. Ambassador in August 2005, but resigned in December 2006 after Democrats retook the Senate.
Bolton has mentioned his interest for a presidential run during several interviews in late 2010, but has not established any official politically active organizations. On Sept. 6, 2011, he said on Fox News that he had decided not to run for president. He is currently a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and provides commentary for Fox News and other media outlets.
|Daniels, Mitch (Republican, Indiana)
Daniels, born in 1949, is the governor of Indiana, having served in this capacity since 2005. Daniels announced on May 22 in an email to supporters that he would not seek the Republican presidential nomination.
"In the end, I was able to resolve every competing consideration but one," Daniels wrote. "The interests and wishes of my family is the most important consideration of all. If I have disappointed you, I will always be sorry."
Prior to that, Daniels had repeatedly said he's open to the running for president in 2012, but through May, his White House ambitions remain unclear. A major factor in Daniels' decision is the opinion of his wife, Cheri Herman Daniels, who has expressed reservations about her husband seeking the nation's highest office.
Daniels previously served as the director of the Office of Management and Budget under George W. Bush (2001-2003) and in various other aide positions for federal politicians, including President Ronald Regan and Sen. Richard Lugar (R-Ind.). Daniels also worked as chief executive of the Hudson Institute, a conservative think tank, and as an executive at drug maker Eli Lilly and Company.
|DeMint, James (Republican, South Carolina)
DeMint, born in 1951, has served since 2005 as a U.S. senator from South Carolina. From 1999 to 2005, represented South Carolina's 4th Congressional District in the U.S. House.
After months of insisting he would not run for president, DeMint and sources close to him told CNN and The Hill that he might reconsider. On March 24, 2011, DeMint officially ruled out running for president.
DeMint's early preparations for a potential presidential run had included operating an active leadership PAC that has raised millions of dollars, much of which has been spent benefiting Republican candidates.
DeMint has been on the Tea Party movement's leading edge, frequently touting its principles of limited government and fiscal restraint. During his career, retirees, health professionals and identifiably Republican or conservative organizations have been his top three campaign backers among industries or special interest groups.
DeMint easily won re-election in 2010, facing only token Democratic opposition.
|Giuliani, Rudolph W (Republican, New York)
Giuliani, born in 1944, is the former mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He unsuccessfully ran for the GOP presidential nomination in 2008. On October 11, 2011, Giuliania officially declared that he would sit out the 2012 race. "If it's too late for Chris Christie, it's too late for me," he told a Long Island Association gathering.
Giuliani had long considered another bid in 2012. In October 2010, he told Politico that "the door is not closed." In May of 2011, Rep. Pete King (R-N.Y.) said that Giuliani is "very close to saying he's going to run" and "if he were to make the decision today, he would run." But he ultimately opted not to run.
During the 2008 presidential election, Giuliani raised about $59 million despite dropping out of the race just days after the New Hampshire primaries. The securities and investments industry, retirees and lawyer and law firms ranked among his top supporters.
|Huckabee, Mike (Republican, Arkansas)
Huckabee announced May 14, 2011, on his Fox News television show that he would not seek the GOP presidential nomination, saying, "All the factors say go, but my heart says no … I can't know or predict the future, but I know for now my answer is clear and firm. I will not seek the Republican nomination for president this year." In early June 2011, he suggested, however, that he might reconsider his decision, telling the Arkansas News Service that "everything is still open."
Huckabee had run for president in 2008, but dropped out of the Republican nomination race in March of that year when it was all but certain that eventual nominee John McCain would capture the GOP nomination. During his presidential campaign, Huckabee won five primaries or caucuses -- including the first-in-the-nation Iowa caucus -- and raised and spent about $16 million overall.
In the time after the 2008 presidential election, Huckabee has written a book, hosted a weekly television program on Fox News and provided news commentary for ABC Radio. He also operates a political action committee, known as Huck PAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised about $1.8 million, spending $1.74 million.
Previously, Huckabee, who was born in 1955, served as governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007 and Arkansas lieutenant governor from 1993 to 1996. He also served as chairman of the National Governors Association from 2005 to 2006. He unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 1992.
|Palin, Sarah (Republican, Alaska)
Palin, born in 1964, was the GOP's 2008 vice presidential nominee. She also served as governor of Alaska between 2006 and 2009.
She long flirted with a presidential run, but on October 5, 2011, she officially bowed out of the race. "After much prayer and serious consideration, I have decided that I will not be seeking the 2012 GOP nomination for President of the United States," she told conservative radio host Mark Levin.
For months, she had appeared close to launching a bid for the White House in 2012.
On May 26, Palin announced that she'd embark on a nationwide bus tour May 29, originating in Washington, D.C., and making stops at symbolic locations along the East Coast, including New Hampshire, the nation's first primary state; the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia and the Civil War battlefields at Gettysberg and Antietam. Word also broke in late May that Palin commissioned a feature-length film showcasing her political career that's scheduled to premier in Iowa.
Upon resigning her state's governorship in 2009, Palin has written two books, toured the nation speaking about politics and works as a news commentator for Fox News. She has also starred in her own reality television show on The Learning Channel.
Palin maintains an active political action committee, SarahPAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised $5.7 million and spent $4.4 million.
Her previous political experience includes serving as mayor of Wasilla, Alaska, from 1996 to 2002, and as chairwoman of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission from 2003 to 2004. She made an unsuccessful bid for lieutenant governor in 2002.
A federal fund-raising group called "Draft Sarah Palin" emerged in December 2010 intent on convincing Palin to run for president.
|Pataki, George (Republican, New York)
Pataki served as governor of New York from 1995 to 2006. Since leaving office, Pataki has served as a delegate to the United Nations, flirted with a 2010 U.S. Senate bid and former Revere America, a non-profit organization that advocates for the repeal of sweeping federal health care legislation passed in 2010. He is also a leader of conservative advocacy group No American Debt.
In April, Pataki told Fox News that he is "not running for president," but quickly added, "never say never." In June, he flew to New Hampshire to watch a GOP presidential debate conducted there. But in late August, CNN reported that Pataki opted against a GOP presidential bid.
In addition to serving as New York's governor, Pataki is also a former member of the New York state Senate and Assembly and also served three years as mayor of Peekskill, N.Y.
|Pence, Mike (Republican, Indiana)
Pence, born in 1959, is a congressman representing Indiana's 6th District, which he has since 2001. He also served as chaiman of the House Republican Conference between 2009 and January 2011, but resigned that position, prompting speculation he'd run for president. But in January 2011, Pence said he would not run for president, and in May 2011, he announced that he'd run for governor of Indiana.
|Thune, John (Republican, South Dakota)
Thune, born in 1961, is a U.S. senator from South Dakota, serving in that capacity since 2005. On Feb. 22, 2011, Thune announced he would not seek the presidency, saying in a statement that "at this time, I feel that I am best positioned to fight for America's future here in the trenches of the United States Senate."
Previously, Thune served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003 and made a unsuccessful bid for the U.S. Senate in 2002.
Thune operates a leadership PAC, the Heartland Values PAC, which during the 2010 election cycle raised more than $877,000 while spending more than $863,000.
|Trump, Donald (Republican, New York)
Trump, born in 1946, is a billionaire real estate developer, businessman and television personality. On May 16, 2011, after months of openly flirting with a presidential run, Trump announced that he would not seek the GOP nomination, saying, "business is my greatest passion and I am not ready to leave the private sector."
Trump had appeared poised to run, telling Bloomberg News on May 1 that "In my mind, I have already decided … I am going to announce."
If Trump indeed had run for president, he told ABC News on March 17 that he was willing to spend $600 million of his own money to win.
While having never formally sought public office, Trump has previously considered bids for the presidency (in 2000 as a Reform Party candidate), U.S. Senate and the New York governor's office.
A fiery speech Trump delivered in February 2011 at the Conservative Political Action Conference stoked rumors that he'd make a serious bid for the Republican preisdential nomination.
Trump has, however, been a frequent donor to Democratic federal political candidates and committees, spending tens of thousands of dollars over the years supporting them. This, coupled with his celebrity and penchant for showmanship, caused some Republican faithful to question his sincerety and suitability as a candidate. He also stirred controversy by openly and repeatedly questioning whether President Barack Obama is a U.S. citizen.
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In NH's 1st District, Guinta, Shea-Porter debate jobs, Medicare
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — Candidates for New Hampshire's 1st Congressional District seat have sparred over stimulus funding, Medicare and foreign policy during a televised debate four weeks before the election.
The race is a rematch between Republican U.S. Rep. Frank Guinta and Democrat Carol Shea-Porter, who previously held the seat for two terms.
In a debate Tuesday night, Guinta criticized his opponent for having backed the federal stimulus program, which he calls a failure. Shea-Porter pointed out that Guinta was happy enough to accept stimulus money for the Manchester airport when he served as mayor there. And she said unemployment would have been even higher without the program.
The debate was hosted by WBIN-TV and sponsored by AARP-New Hampshire.

subset: commoncrawl


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Whether a traditional freshman, transfer student, adult learner, or graduate student; choosing the college that is the best fit for you is one of the most important decisions you will make. At Viterbo University, small classes and dedicated professors ensure you'll find not only exceptional teachers, but mentors and friends. The people you meet on campus are here to help you succeed, no matter your goals or dreams.
Located in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Viterbo is a Catholic, Franciscan university in the heart of a region along the Mississippi River surrounded by beautiful bluffs. The area features countless recreation options, a vibrant nightlife, and great cultural and arts opportunities.
Viterbo offers more than 50 distinctive academic programs complete with internships, study abroad, and research opportunities that enhance the classroom experience and allows students to get the most from their education.
We invite you to discover everything Viterbo University has to offer—a beautiful campus, a close-knit community where it's easy to make friends, and faculty who genuinely care about your success.
To get started, choose a student type from the list to the right. Not sure? Need help? Give the undergraduate admission office a call at 608-796-3010.


text: This baseball hazing thing officially went too far on Wednesday, when San Diego Padres rookies were forced to dress as Hooters waitresses; with one there on the right completing the ensemble with fake breasts. God, I hope those are fake. Won't somebody think of the children??! So can anyone provide names here? Otherwise how will we mock them in the future? San Diego: Bad baseball team, but top-notch Aussie Rules football squad. UPDATE: Oh God, it gets worse. More Sanctioned Hazing [The Slanch Report]


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I went to my sister's. We visited a Lego shop and bought the flyer from Pharaoh Quest and the Escape From The Dungeon from Kingdoms as well as some of the custom figs. I then got the idea to do a Brikwar with what we had. Pictures were taken with my mac.
My sister controlled the medievals: 3 troopers, a dwarf (officer) and a mounted knight (hero) as well as a piece of artillery.
My team was Cleopatra and her minions: a Redcoat (officer), 2 pharaohs (troopers) and Adventurous Mark Antony with his flyer (artillery).
Both sides had a crystal which the other wanted to get their hands on.
I opened the fight, with my redcoat blasting my sister's crossbow trooper.
The rest advanced, Cleopatra casting a wind shield to increase her pharaoh's armour by 1. Adventurous Mark Antony opened fire, but missed.
My sister advanced her artillery and fired on the obelisk to make the crystal fall down, but missed.
Her hero charged the obelisk to crush it, but the heroic feat failed and the horses' horn broke. In the meantime one of her troopers had also shot down the redcoat.
My pharaohs ganged on the hero, killing him.
Cleopatra picked up the redcoat's rifle and blasted another trooper while Adventurous Mark Antony sped up towards the enemy artillery.
My sister's artillery and dwarf combined fire on Cleopatra. Both missed. By this time we had established that I had insane luck.
Cleopatra tried to feat throwing a snake at the dwarf, at the danger of getting bit by it and dying (it happened to her before).
Guess what? I got a six. The opposing roll was a five.
Adventurous Mark Antony continued his charge towards the final trooper.
Guess what happens next?
My Pharaoh charged and knocked him back into the path of Adventurous Mark Antony's flyer, but failed to kill him. My sister showed great Brikwars spirit and agreed the trooper should just die.
Victory for Cleopatra's minions! We both had good fun and agreed my luck was without bounds.


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Originally Posted by temmogen
The Pathfinder game is currently full up. I will be looking for alternates in case a player drops out. In the interest of full disclosure, No Munchkins, Rules Lawyers, or Hack N Slashers need apply, this is not the game for you. No electronics at the table, it will be difficult enough to concentrate while playing in a game store. Games will be every two weeks, on Saturdays, gathering between 11am and Noon. Location will be given out to players when joining.
The Town of Ryln's Reach


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Southwest Colorado Canyons Alliance has lined up three exceptional films for its Sunday matinee.
Go at 1 p.m. to chat and get your popcorn. Then settle in for an afternoon of documentaries you won't see at the theater.
Sunday matinees will be Jan. 26 from 1 to 4 p.m. at Empire Electric Association in the Calvin Denton Room, 801 N. Broadway, Cortez.
View full film descriptions on the newsletter for Jan. 4, 2014 on their website: www.swcocanyons.org.
The films are: Pathway to the Gods, which explores the history of chocolate, at 1:15 p.m.; NEMO, which explores the disappearance of Everett Ruess, at 2:35 p.m.; and Death of Place, which defines the importance of landscape and archaeological preservation, at 3:35 p.m.


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Chiefs begin picking up pieces after heartache
The Kansas City Chiefs returned to work Monday at their practice
facility near Arrowhead Stadium, trying to find a sense of normalcy
after two days of unimaginable heartache.
It proved nearly impossible to do.
The locker that once belong to Jovan Belcher, the linebacker who
killed his girlfriend and then turned the gun on himself Saturday,
still had all his belongings in it. His shoes were piled up on the
floor and freshly laundered clothes hung from a hook.
To enter the building, Chiefs coach Romeo Crennel and general
manager Scott Pioli had to walk past the place in the parking lot
where Belcher put the gun to his head and pulled the trigger, and
Crennel admitted that an unsettling feeling came over him.
Teammates gathered in meetings and to watch film from Sunday's
27-21 win against the Carolina Panthers, one that ended an
eight-game losing streak. They couldn't help but notice the empty
seat that once belonged to their close friend.
"We have to deal with the events of the last few days, and it's
not over, and it may not be over for some of us for most of our
lives, but time heals all wounds, and so we're going to start
working on the time thing," said Crennel, who's been a rock for
everyone in the organization.
"It was like coming to work like you normally do," he said.
"Now you think about the events as you walk through the door and
walk through the parking lot, but you know the events are over, and
you can't undo them. All you can do is work for the future and
toward the future."
Following the emotional victory over Carolina, Crennel declined
to discuss many of the details surrounding Belcher's suicide. He
shared a bit more on Monday while attempting to prepare his team
for the next game, including his exchange with the linebacker
moments before his death.
"I was trying to get him to understand that life is not over,
he still has a chance and let's get this worked out," said
Crennel, who didn't know about Perkins' murder while he talked to
Crennel, who has coached at the college or pro level for more
than 40 years, said he had never seen Belcher with a gun before,
and expressed his concerns over players owning firearms without
knowing the laws.
"Generally what we've attempted to do was tell them to know the
law, turn your gun in to our security people, let us hold onto it
and then after that, if you need it, you can take it home," he
said. "You can go put it in your safe or whatever you need to do
with it, but the law allows for them to have guns."
Much of Monday seemed quite normal for the Chiefs.
They gathered for their normal team meetings in the morning, and
watched video of their win over Carolina. They broke mid-afternoon
to begin planning for next Sunday's visit to Cleveland.
Still, there were signs at every turn that nothing was quite as
Chiefs chairman Clark Hunt routinely sticks around the day after
a game, but this time he was there to lend support to an
organization in mourning. Chaplains were also at the facility, as
were outside counselors brought in to help players and staff come
to grips with tragedy.
"It's new territory for everyone," tight end Tony Moeaki said.
"We're all trying to figure out how to handle the situation. We're
just trying to take it one day at a time, come into meetings – it's
nice to be in meetings, watching film. Your mind's not on it as
Linebacker Brandon Siler said he spent Thanksgiving with
Belcher, and "it was Thanksgiving as you know it, all laughs and
praying and loving."
"It was hard to walk back in the parking lot, but it was harder
to sit in the meetings," Siler said. "He sits right beside me.
That was hard. You keep looking at that seat, thinking he was going
to show up at some time, you know? That's hard."
Players were also struggling to reconcile the man they knew with
the man who murdered 22-year-old Kasandra M. Perkins, and who left
a 3-year-old girl, Zoey, an orphan.
"I try not to do it, really," right tackle Eric Winston said.
"I just try to accept the fact who he was pre, and who he was
after, and I'm not sure those thoughts can live together, but until
the end of the season, that's just going to have to do."
Yes, there is still a season to be played.
The Chiefs visit the Browns on Sunday and visit Oakland the
following week, before returning home to play Indianapolis. Their
season finale is Dec. 30 at Denver.
"It's something that there is no textbook on how to handle, and
how to feel, and there's a lot of emotions, confusing emotions,"
center Ryan Lilja said. "But we're going to try to get back to
football as best we can, and let guys grieve whatever way they need
to, and be respectful of that, but we need to try to be back on
football, and it's going to be tough."
Online: http://pro32.ap.org and http://twitter.com/AP-NFL


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Linked by Thom Holwerda on Fri 8th Jun 2007 21:47 UTC
El Reg takes a look at ten desktop computers, from Apple's Mac Pro to Dell's exotic XPS M2010. The verdict: "The ten PCs we have looked at here represent a huge cross-section of the computer market and as such offer varied functionality depending on specific needs and budgets. If you're looking for an imposing combo of power and potent design then the Alienware really should be your first and only port of call. For us, if money were no object we'd opt for the Dell XPS for its sheer bling factor, but in the real world give us an Apple Mac Pro and we're happy."


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A BlankTV Feature Presentation:
Obsessive Compulsive - "Man Vs Machine"
Obsessive Compulsive are a Manchester (UK) based rock band taking in elements of punk, alternative, metal, goth and grunge to create a heavy but melodic sound. Their debut album 'Dreams of Death and the Death of Dreams' was released in May 2010 on their own label 'Vociferous Records' with highly esteemed metal producer Russ Russell at the controls. The album caught the ear of LA based Management company Singerman Entertainment whose current roster includes Motorhead, Anthrax and Zebrahead, a deal was inked in early 2011.
The band's DIY ethic remains though and they continue with their hands on approach in the making of the video "MAN VS MACHINE", the band literally built the room they perform in from scratch, roping in long-time collaborator CARP to decorate it in his own inimitable style, creating a unique backdrop for the band's vibrant performance which is juxtaposed with scenes from the dystopian 9-5 nightmare.
>> Pickup Obsessive Compulsive merch and music Here! <<
|< Prev


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"Candy, Sweets and Butterflies" is an upbeat positive cheerful and catchy tune with ukulele, piano and bells and drums. A very popular sound today in all forms of tv commercials and advertising and will definitely bring a burst of sunny friendly energy to your project.
Candy, Sweets and Butterflies is an youthful and exciting track, full of happiness, bunnies, love and cookies!
This item includes the following versions / mixes:
- Full version = starts at 0:00 of the preview
- Shorter version = starts at 1:41 of the preview
- Shorter version 2 = starts at 2:10 of the preview


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Nutrition Mega Thread
Debate and discussion of any biological questions not pertaining to a particular topic.
Moderators: honeev, Leonid, amiradm, BioTeam
Post Reply
1 post • Page 1 of 1
Nutrition Mega Thread
Hello again everybody, I'm hoping that this will be the thread in which all future and present questions about nutrition will be answered. First of all, let me admit that my knowledge of nutrition isn't the greatest, but it's my greatest interest in biology/medicine field. So let's start the disscussion with my question. The thing I know the least about is alternate (nutrition-based) means of healing/treating illness. I've caught a cold yesterday and it occured to me that it'd be both beneficial and interesting to me to start learning about what kind of food is good for recovering health. I understand that you'd need to know the condition or the sickness you've encountering, and based on that intel you'd try to deduce what type of macronutrient or mineral or vitamin you need to focus on when arranging your meals. But I just wanted to hear different oppinions on this topic, and to see if maybe somebody's an expert on this. Cheers
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The Suffolk Planning Commission, in a letter received by the East Hampton Town Planning Department on Monday, has weighed in on a controversial request to relax the zoning on two residential lots on Napeague, calling it an attempt to create prohibited "spot zoning." The proposed down-zoning would allow Cyril's Fish House, a popular summertime bar and restaurant, to expand.
Although the letter said the decision was a matter for local determination, there being "no apparent significant countywide or inter-community impact," Sarah Lansdale, the director of planning, and Andrew P. Freleng, the county's chief planner, warned that it "could set a precedent for other parcels in the area." In addition, the county officials said, "If there is a townwide desire to create a node of commercial activity in this area, it should be pursued through a comprehensive plan/hamlet plan process."
The letter was not discussed during the town board's work session on Tuesday, despite an encore appearance at it by the applicant's attorney, Dianne LeVerrier, along with her clients. Ms. LeVerrier had rehashed the issue at a work session last week, following a public hearing on March 7. Because the hearing record was held open through today, the board allowed additional comments on Tuesday.
Bonnie Dioguardi, one of the property owners, pleaded with the town board to steer her onto a clear path toward resolving the problems of parking, crowds, and an overburdened septic system, as well as the alleged, long-standing zoning code violations, which have resulted in numerous citations. "We have tried to satisfy. . . ," she said, "but each time we were told of a new requirement."
Ms. Dioguardi said she and Cyril Fitzsimons, who rents the property and runs the eponymous business, are eager to do whatever it takes but have been caught between the different standards and regulations of the town and the Suffolk Health Department.
At the heart of the controversy over the proposed change from residential to neighborhood business zoning are questions about whether it would comply with the comprehensive plan, is justified because of the potential to reduce highway parking and septic runoff, or if it would pave the way for a business that has flouted the law to expand.
"All we want to do is operate," Ms. Dioguardi told the board. "We just need to know who to go to just have the ability to operate."
"You have a right, by law, to continue your pre-existing, nonconforming use," Councilman Peter Van Scoyoc told her. The restaurant has been at the site since before the property was zoned for residential use, and can continue but not expand, according to the code. The problem, the councilman said, is "things were done since it became nonconforming."
"It's a round-robin," Ms. Dioguardi said, referring to some of the additions that prompted citations for zoning violations. "These are all items that are needed to run a business. You need a refrigerator. You need propane for your cooking."
"There's no continuity," she said, of the differing town and county regulations with which Cyril's must comply. "I want you to understand this; we have been trying and getting nowhere."
"I apologize on behalf of the town. It is shameful," Councilwoman Theresa Quigley said.
A possible town decision was hinted at, however, when Councilwoman Sylvia Overby asked Ms. Dioguardi if Cyril's would be satisfied with reverting to the site's original legal use, with a 62-seat limit. "That would be fine," Ms. Dioguardi said.
The town attorney's office will prepare an environmental analysis, as required by the State Environmental Quality Review Act, if the board continues its consideration of the zone change. If a majority of the board decides not to take the matter further, discussions will end.


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I am having problems using the USB Thumb Drive either for updating the O/S or for storage. I am getting a "USBdevice requires too much power" error on screen.
If you are experiencing difficulties using a USB Thumb drive either to update or for storage and seeing the "USBdevice requires too much power" error on screen, this is an indication that indeed the device you are using is drawing too much power and will not work with the PC3A.
The PC3A only supplies 100 mA of power to USB devices. The vast majority of thumb drives require less than that but we have seen a few that require more. Older drives in particular appear to be more prone to larger power draws. Most newer drives should meet the spec and work without issue.
Alternatively, note that you can also perform O/S updates and store data over direct USB connection to your computer.
For USBDrv Storage functions, please see the following related KBase topics:
For O/S installation procedures, please refer to the "Install Procedure" document found within any current O/S download package itself.
Need more info? Check out the following links:


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James Herbert doesn't have any movies playing in theaters.
If you feel like heading out, check out other movies in theaters.
The Man From U.N.C.L.E.
Edge of Tomorrow
Gangster Squad
The Sweeney
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
Sherlock Holmes
Lesbian Vampire Killers
Echelon Conspiracy
All James Herbert films
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2018 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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Camp Tesomas
Troop 69 attended summer camp at Camp Tesomas in Northern Wisconsin. A fun time was had by all! On the way up to camp, the Troop was able to take a tour of Miller Park in Milwaukee. Here are selected pictures taken at camp and at Miller Park:


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The Power Of Ice Cream: Little Boy On Stranger Danger Vs. Ice Cream
From a Dateline special where kids are enticed by an actor while parents watch them from hidden cameras, to see if they'll heed the parent's training.
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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When we heard that Jayde Nicole agreed to be the PASMAG cover girl we only had two words to say about it - "Oh Canada!" This buxom brunette from small-town Port Perry, Ontario has been modeling since she was young but burst onto the scene after tantalizing us as Miss January for Playboy's 2007 calendar, and then as the 2008 Playmate of the Year. Despite revealing it all in those photos however, Jayde told us that she also has five tattoos on her killer body that aren't seen in the shots. Read on to find out where exactly she keeps them hiding.
The Essentials
Birth Date: February 19
Location: Los Angeles, CA
Height: 5' 9"
Weight: 118
Zodiac sign: Half Pisces half Aquarius.
Ethnicity: Both parents were born in Canada, my mom was adopted so I don't really know.
Turn-ons: Bright eyes, muscles, hygiene, good breath, confidence, honesty.
The Interview
Where are you from?
Port Perry, Ontario, Canada.
How long have you been modeling?
Since I was about four.
How did you start modeling? Were you discovered?
I don't remember how I started, but when I was 15 I was scouted in Toronto at a concert.
What would you say your strengths are as a model?
The fact that I can look like just about any ethnicity has been my strong point. I have walked in shows and modeled for Asian designers, Indian, French, Italian and more.
Describe yourself in three words or statements:
Loyal, smart, strong.
Does your personality match your zodiac sign?
Sometimes. I'm not a huge believer in astrology.
What is your best beauty, fitness, nutrition secret?
I am a huge believer in "from the inside-out". I take a hair, skin and nails supplement as well as Omegas. I also do cleanses every three months and I use my non-fat protein powder every day!
How do you keep in such great shape?
I'm a vegetarian and I eat super healthy, that's how I maintain it. I also workout at least three days a week but I aim for five. I'm always active. I take the stairs and I walk everywhere I can. I only drink water, tea and coffee. Nothing with calories!
What is the strangest photo shoot you have ever done?
My very first shoot with my new agency was on the side of a freeway in lingerie, wrapped in a burlap sack in minus 40 degree weather. I was so cold my eyes were watering the entire time, and everyone driving by was staring at me. The photos actually came out great though.
What was the first major event you modeled at? How was it?
Toronto Fashion week when I was 16 was pretty intense, unlike anything I had ever done. I signed autographs at SEMA in Las Vegas one year and it was very overwhelming. There were so many people, it's such an enormous event.
What traits do you like most about yourself?
I like that I am self-sufficient. I can take care of myself in any situation.
Do you have any birth marks, tattoos, scars?
No birthmarks really. I have five hidden tattoos, two inside my fingers, one inside of a toe, my lower abdomen and inside my lip. I have a scar on my knee where I have a rock stuck from wiping out on a bike when I was seven.
Do you have any pets? What kind?
Yes! I have two teacup Chihuahua rescues, Pumpkin and Monster. They're my babies and are spoiled rotten!
What is your favourite food?
Peanut butter and chocolate!!! I love a scoop of peanut butter and Nutella on a spoon or a graham cracker!
What is your dream car?
Rolls Royce Ghost in black. I love big cars like the Bentley Mulsanne, RR Ghost and the Maybach. I drive a Mercedes SL 550 right now and I love it!
Everyone has their weird habits, do you have any?
A million, LOL! I have to sit at a certain seat at a table in a restaurant, no one can touch the back of my knees, I can't let wood touch my teeth! Okay, that's enough for now LOL!
What do you look for in a guy? What would he have to do to get your attention and to keep you interested?
I like guys that aren't aggressive, that don't shower me with attention and compliment right away. I am attracted to power and I like to have to work for it a little LOL!
What gets you in the mood? What are some of your turn-ons?
A good massage will always do it!
How do you feel about pick up lines? What was the best line that was used on you? Did it work?
They're awful and they don't work LOL! Not on me anyways.
What do you wear to bed?
It depends. After a night out, nothing. Other than that I usually wear booty shorts and a tank top.
Have you posed nude? If so, how did you feel??
Yes, of course LOL! I've done Playboy twice. Once as a Playmate of the Month and another time as the Playmate of the Year. I was very against it and nervous at first, but they make you feel very comfortable.
If you could have one superpower what would it be and why?
Teleportation, because I love to travel but hate to fly! I could see the whole world in a day!
Tell us about any upcoming projects you have.
I am continuing to work on and grow Jayde Nicole Fitness. We currently have members from over 162 countries and we are just getting started!
With any spotlight type of job, you are looked upon as a role model. What advice would you give to any aspiring models?
Never give up! With modeling you will be shut down more times than you succeed so just keep your head up, stay strong and if it's your passion keep at it!


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This is not the same old pipe dream. The economics -- and the technology -- of turning light into electricity have changed. Business 2.0 has the inside look at the industrial-strength power plants coming soon to a grid near you.
Clouds hang low over the New Mexico desert, deep inside a military reservation a dozen miles south of Albuquerque. A breeze stirs the air; tumbleweeds roll by. Then the sun shines through and a low whirring sound breaks the silence.
Six mirrored solar dishes that look like giant flowers with 15-foot stamens come to life. They pivot in unison, slowly tilting to face the sun rising over the jagged peaks of the Manzano ranges. A total of 468 mirrors -- 78 on each flower --capture the sun's rays and concentrate them into beams of light intense enough to melt lead.
At each flower's focal point, suspended on metal struts, is a Stirling engine -- a heavy, piston-driven heat engine whose design dates from the Steam Age but is now coming into its own, thanks to the grim calculus of rising oil prices, global warming, and the threat of government-imposed carbon taxes. As the tips of the engines glow white-hot, 150 kilowatts of greenhouse gas-free electricity flows into a power grid.
Welcome to the proving grounds of Sandia National Laboratories, a nine-acre field of dreams for solar entrepreneurs and a launching pad for the next era in energy technology: the age of Big Solar.
This is not Jimmy Carter's energy crisis, when government subsidies ran ahead of market realities and launched a thousand solar projects that never saw the light of day. Their rusting hulks can still be seen scattered around the test fields: 1970s-vintage solar dishes, a 200-foot solar tower, parabolic mirrors surrounded by the detritus of bygone experiments.
This is the real deal. This is industrial-strength solar energy, sold to public utilities in 20-year contracts measured in gigawatts. Stirling Energy Systems of Phoenix, whose giant flowers are gleaming in the New Mexico sun, has signed agreements to provide up to 900 megawatts of solar energy to San Diego Gas & Electric (Charts, Fortune 500) and another 850 megawatts to Southern California Edison (Charts, Fortune 500).
That's nearly six times the utility-scale solar power being produced in the United States today.
California and other states are leading the way, requiring utilities to obtain more electricity from renewable sources, thus creating by fiat a long-term market for green energy. As a result, the deserts of the Southwest have become the Saudi Arabia of solar, attracting a crowd of competitors from around the world: Australia, Germany, Israel, Spain. Similar building booms are under way across Europe; even the oil sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi is going solar.
Tough challenges remain: Securing hundreds of millions of dollars in financing for untried technologies. Making solar competitive with fossil fuels. Navigating regulatory mazes. Connecting desert power stations to distant cities.
But the solar prospectors are ready and eager. Gray-haired industry veterans who toiled in obscurity for decades are having their moment in the sun. Joining them are green entrepreneurs, backed by Silicon Valley venture capital, developing a new generation of utility-scale technologies.
Unlike in the age of carbon energy, which was driven by gargantuan gas-and coal-burning power stations, there is no single solar technology or one size that fits all. As electricity distribution becomes decentralized, there's a place for 4,500-acre solar dish arrays as well as small 10-megawatt photovoltaic plug-in farms.
In the paragraphs that follow, we take you to five hot spots in the world of Big Solar and introduce you to some of the players -- and the technologies -- that are poised to grab a piece of the multitrillion-dollar global electricity market.
Dwarfed by a 40-foot-tall solar dish, Stirling CEO Bruce Osborn is shooting a promotional video for San Diego Gas & Electric. Soft-spoken and unfailingly polite, Osborn, 52, is explaining how the technology works in the patient tone of a man who has spent decades in a blue-sky pursuit. "We're making large-scale solar a reality," he says. "It's been a life's dream for all of us."
For Osborn, who later this year will begin planting the first of as many as 70,000 "solar trees" in the Mojave Desert -- enough to power a million homes -- this is indeed the fruition of a lifelong goal.
He began working on Stirling dish technology in 1978 as a 22-year-old engineer with Ford Aeronutronic in Newport Beach, Calif. When oil prices crashed in the early 1980s, Ford abandoned the effort, which was taken up first by McDonnell Douglas, then by Southern California Edison, and finally, in 1996, by Stirling, a startup co-founded, improbably enough, by a holistic health entrepreneur named David Slawson.
Slawson hired a cadre of old solar hands, Osborn among them, but faced a classic chicken-and-egg dilemma: The Stirling dish is one of the most efficient means of generating electricity from the sun, but without the economies of scale that come with mass production, it couldn't compete with fossil fuel.
Then came the California energy crisis of 2000-2001. Blackouts roiled the world's eighth-largest economy, sending utilities scrambling for alternative energy sources. Seizing the initiative, Stirling moved its dishes to the Sandia proving grounds and began collaborating with the lab's scientists.
It also began hashing out 20-year power purchase agreements with California utilities. Says Stirling executive vice president Robert Liden, "Because we have the efficiency and the large-scale contracts, we can go out to our suppliers and say, 'Hey, these are the cost targets we need to achieve to be competitive.'"
Stirling still has a ways to go. The utilities are taking a gamble on a technology that's never been deployed on such a large scale -- or on any scale, for that matter. But after extensive tests, Southern California Edison concluded that among the competing technologies, this was its best bet.
Besides, the economics of the old power industry don't necessarily apply to Big Solar. Get a contract for, say, a 500-megawatt gas-powered plant, and investors won't see a return on their investment for years.
Each Stirling dish, however, begins generating electricity -- and cash -- the moment it's planted in the ground. "Before we've got very many of them out there, we're going to know if everything is working right," Liden says. "If not, we've got plenty of time to make the corrections."
Want proof that Big Solar is not just a mirage? Head over the Fremont Pass north of Los Angeles. As you drive by the last faux-Italianate subdivision, Range Rovers give way to Ford F-150s and the sunbaked landscape flattens. On the approach to Harper Dry Lake, the air begins to shimmer with a bluish tinge, not from heat but from 234 acres of parabolic mirrors that carpet the desert floor of the Mojave.
These are Solar Electric Generating Systems VIII and IX, two of nine "solar trough" power plants built after the oil shocks of the '70s by American-Israeli entrepreneur Arnold Goldman and a company he called Luz.
At Harper, long rows of curved mirrors heat tubes of synthetic oil that glow with a white light. The hot oil produces steam, which in turn drives electricity-generating turbines. Despite the plant's sheer size, the only sound is the low groan of oil moving through the tubes, barely audible over the birds flitting among the gray-green scrub.
Luz's plants still produce 354 megawatts of electricity -- enough to light 150,000 homes. But by the early '90s, California utilities were building power plants that ran on ever cheaper natural gas, and solar energy became as passé as the Pinto. The tax breaks Luz depended on evaporated, forcing the company into bankruptcy, and the solar plants were sold off. (Most are now run by FPL Energy (Charts, Fortune 500).)
But the erstwhile sun king is making a comeback. Sensing that solar's day was dawning again, in 2004, Goldman reassembled much of his old team into a new company: Bright Source Energy. He didn't go back to the solar trough; he thinks that technology has reached its limits.
Instead, his engineers have developed what he calls a "distributed power tower." Thousands of sun-tracking mirrors -- known in the industry as heliostats -- focus the rays on a water-filled boiler, heating the liquid to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and producing high-pressure steam that drives a turbine.
Behind Goldman's grandfatherly demeanor is an encyclopedic knowledge of solar energy -- born of hard experience -- in all its technological, regulatory, and financial complexity. "In 2003 it started looking a little bit like 1973," says Goldman, 64, to a recent visitor at Bright Source's Oakland, Calif., headquarters. "And I'd always had an urge to complete the work we'd started."
Goldman secured about $50 million in venture funding and persuaded Silicon Valley VC John Woolard, an energy and software veteran, to become Bright Source's CEO. "I looked at every company out there," says Woolard, 42, "and I thought this one had the best combination of experience and technology and was pragmatic enough to deliver on it."
It was no accident that Goldman picked a software executive to run Bright Source. The company is using sophisticated computer modeling to simulate the plant's operation and perfect its design. "That has allowed us to move incredibly fast," he says.
Right out of the gate, Bright Source scored a 500-megawatt deal with the giant California utility PG&E (Charts, Fortune 500). The company is also negotiating joint ventures in Spain. Hal LaFlash, PG&E's aptly named director of renewable energy policy and planning, says what clinched the deal was Goldman's track record in the Mojave, along with the potential of his new technology to provide cheaper green electricity on demand.
"The power tower looks like it could be a breakthrough," LaFlash says.
For more than a decade and a half, John Lasich's team at Solar Systems in Australia toiled on the concentrating photovoltaic technology he invented in his backyard in the 1980s, surviving on the goodwill and capital investments of a handful of true believers.
As he puts it, "Seventeen years is a long time to keep on the path."
But the work paid off last year when Solar Systems won $95 million in Australian government funding toward building the world's largest photovoltaic power station, a 154-megawatt plant in southeastern Australia. Unlike Stirling dishes, power towers, and other "solar thermal" technologies that use the sun's heat to drive a generator, photovoltaic plants produce electricity directly from the effect of photons striking semiconducting materials.
Like Bright Source, Solar Systems will build towers, but instead of a boiler, each tower will hold a receiver containing the world's most efficient photovoltaic cells. Fields of heliostats will focus the sun's rays on the towers, making electricity without turbines, generators, or just about any other moving parts. It is, in effect, a solid-state power station. That makes the technology hugely scalable: A 1-megawatt plant should be just as efficient as a 1-gigawatt version.
It's potentially game-changing technology, particularly in a place like Australia that relies on cheap and plentiful but highly polluting coal. At his suburban Melbourne office, Lasich, 52, holds up a midnight-blue cube etched with photovoltaic cells. It's one of the multijunction solar modules the company has developed in partnership with Spectrolab, a subsidiary of Boeing (Charts, Fortune 500).
"We're seeing that we can turn sunlight into electricity instantly and at the same efficiency as brown coal," Lasich says, noting that his company's technology and commercial viability underwent three rounds of government scrutiny to win funding. "That's a real watershed."
And indeed, to get a sense of how Big Solar could alter the economics of power production, you need only head downstairs to Solar Systems's "factory." In a 625-square-foot clean room, a Yamaha robot assembles solar modules. That one bot can churn out enough megawatts per year to power a small town. A new facility now being built will boost production by a factor of 10.
A couple of days later, Lasich travels to the outback to demonstrate his technology in the Aboriginal community of Hermannsburg, a collection of pastel cement-block and tin-roofed homes scattered across the red desert. Beyond a building with a sign reading "If You Drink and Drive You're a Bloody Idiot" sits an array of eight solar dishes, one of three small-scale Solar Systems power stations. A horse, seeking relief from the 104-degree heat, stands in the shade of a 46-foot-wide parabola.
Lasich has swapped the photovoltaic modules in the receiver of one dish with Spectrolab's state-of-the-art cells. In the station's control room, a monitor shows a boost in efficiency of more than 50 percent for that dish. "This is going to reduce the cost of PV power by a factor of five or six times," Lasich says. "It's just massive. If we can hit that target, there's a stack of places around the world where it's a goer."
On the other side of the world, new photovoltaic technology is already paying off. Atop a hill in the Alentejo wine region of Portugal, waiters serve cocktails to blue-suited government dignitaries and corporate executives. Before them is a picturesque landscape of olive groves, grazing sheep, and 52,000 solar panels sparkling in the late March sunshine.
It's hard to imagine anyone putting on a four-course luncheon to celebrate the opening of a power plant. But the reception given this new 11-megawatt photovoltaic station -- built by Berkeley-based PowerLight and financed and owned by GE Energy Financial Services -- reflects the new opportunities for utility-scale solar in Europe.
PowerLight, best known for installing big rooftop solar arrays for companies like Microsoft (Charts, Fortune 500) and FedEx (Charts, Fortune 500), has found a niche in building photovoltaic plants in Europe, where countries like Portugal support renewable energy by paying a premium for green power. In this case, GE's 15-year contract guarantees it above-market rates for the electricity produced by the $75 million plant, which covers 150 acres of farmland outside Serpa, a village of whitewashed, orange-tiled homes.
PowerLight is also building three more power stations in Spain. Says PowerLight executive vice president Howard Wenger, "Utility-scale solar is taking off like a rocket ship."
The appeal of photovoltaic power is easy to see. Serpa's sun-tracking panels take up considerable acreage but are only chest-high and virtually silent. In fact, the plant, which powers 8,000 homes, looks more like a modern art installation than an industrial facility.
"Serpa will be providing enough electricity to power this entire region," says PowerLight CEO Tom Dinwoodie at the dedication ceremony, as Portugal's economics minister languidly smokes a cigarette. "Now continue this action across Portugal, across Europe, and across the globe. Thousands of jobs will have been created, and farmers will be making income from food and from energy. Village by village, we will have created a revolution."
The financiers of that revolution are companies like GE (Charts, Fortune 500), which plans to spend $3 billion on renewable-energy projects by the end of 2008. "We truly believe utility-scale solar will be an incredible opportunity," says Kevin Walsh, managing director of GE Energy Financial Services, gesturing toward the fields of solar panels.
GE is currently investigating several Big Solar technologies, but Walsh declines to elaborate on specific deals: "We're still doing due diligence to make sure they're reliable and solid on a large scale."
In the past the high price and relatively low efficiency of solar panels made photovoltaic power plants too pricey for the U.S. market. But that's changing. Utilities scrambling to meet demand for peak power are trying to avoid building new carbon-spewing facilities. As more of them turn to photovoltaics as an alternative, the power grid is starting to look like the Internet -- distributed and scalable.
PowerLight, for instance, broke ground in April on a 15-megawatt photovoltaic plant at an Air Force base in Nevada. Silicon Valley startup OptiSolar has signed a deal to build a 40-megawatt photovoltaic plant in Canada. And SunEdison, another installer of commercial solar arrays, is constructing an 8-megawatt photovoltaic plant in Colorado.
"There's a fairly large transition going on in the utility industry," says SunEdison VP Mark Culpepper, "and that's creating opportunities."
The plug-in power plant is the niche targeted by San Francisco startup GreenVolts. Founded in 2005 by Internet marketing veteran Bob Cart, the company's high-concentration photovoltaic microdish arrays are designed to relieve utilities' overloaded substations with photovoltaic plants of between 1 and 20 megawatts.
Due to their efficiency, they take up about half the land needed by plants like the one in Serpa. That means they can be built near cities and plugged directly into substations. "That's our sweet spot," says Cart, 42.
GreenVolts's offices are located above a Jack-in-the-Box one block from the bus station. Until recently, a potted plant was the sole bit of decor and the company's name was handwritten on a piece of paper stuck to the door. The virtue of the space is that it's free -- PG&E provided it as part of a $120,000 package the company won last year through a green-tech contest.
Now GreenVolts has bootstrapped its way into a contract with Avista, a small utility in Spokane, Wash., to build a prototype power plant, and Cart says he expects to sign a second deal with a major utility soon. He brings out a GreenVolts microdish, a dinner-plate-size mirror that concentrates the sun's energy on a tiny but highly efficient Spectrolab solar cell. The company will place 176 of the microdishes on a rotating platform that sits low to the ground; the mirror and tracking system boost the cell's efficiency.
So how did a seven-person company that has raised less than $1 million become a power player? The green-tech contest opened doors. Bright Source's CEO invested in GreenVolts and joined its board. Cart also tapped the expertise of a group of engineers, paying them in stock, and he forged a partnership with a Spokane manufacturing firm.
"A certain high-level VC from Sequoia, whose name I probably shouldn't mention, wanted a meeting with us," Cart says. "He came in and said, 'This sounds great, but you guys are never going to sell anything to a utility. You're just a little company, and utilities are big and conservative.' If you don't know the current state of the industry, that's a reasonable assumption -- but that's not how it works anymore."
Like the Web, the energy grid has entered a new era. You could see it in action in recent months as utilities across the West solicited bids for renewable-energy projects ranging from 1 to 500 megawatts. In Phoenix, it was standing room only as green-tech entrepreneurs attended a bidders conference held by Arizona Public Service (Charts), the state's largest power utility.
Some of the same faces showed up in San Francisco a month later at a PG&E bidders conference. "We're open to any and all offers," a PG&E executive told an audience that included both Silicon Valley startups and solar companies from Australia, China, and Japan. "We'd like to place our bets with a number of technologies and see which ones work best," said PG&E's LaFlash.
Of course, getting a contract for a power plant is one thing; getting that plant financed, built, and profitably converting photons into electrons is another. But even Wall Street is waking up to the power of Big Solar, says Gilbert Cohen, an executive with Acciona Solar Energy, a Spanish company that has built a 64-megawatt solar trough plant in Nevada.
"A few years ago, we had to beg investment banks to talk to us," he says. "Now they're at the door asking us, 'When are you going to do the next project? We want to be involved.'"
For the latest news on green tech, turn to Todd Woody's blog, Green Wombat.
Todd Woody is an assistant managing editor at Business 2.0


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Kalgrm wrote:I will, but I don't think I'll have the batteries set up the way I want them. They shipped the order without the charger so I've only got the residual charge in them at the moment.
Okay, was hoping to get an idea of how they go. Enough charge for that do you think?
My night vision is not good, so really want to find a good light to try and counter that.


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For the first time, astronomers have directly measured the spin of a distant, supermassive black hole, according to an article published today by three University of Michigan researchers in the online journal nature.com.
Its speed? Half the speed of light. Because light travels at 186,000 miles a second — so fast that when you look at the full moon, the photons of light that are creating the image inside your head were bouncing off the moon less than a second and a half ago — that means this unimaginably heavy object is spinning at about 93,000 miles a second.
Supermassive black holes are millions or billions of times more massive than our sun and believed to be at the core of most, if not all, galaxies. There is one named Sagittarius A, for example, at the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way, 30,000 light years from Earth.
While astronomers have long been able to measure the masses of black holes — so named because they have such a gravitational pull that light cannot escape from them and therefore they are invisible, or black — determining their spins has been much more difficult.
Scientists have found ways to estimate spin, but until now their methods were indirect and relied on assumptions. But UM researchers Rubens Reis, Mark Reynolds and Jon Miller were able to precisely measure the spin of a distant supermassive black hole at the center of a quasar known as RX J1131-1231.
Quasars, among the most luminous and energetic objects in the universe, are made of matter falling into supermassive black holes. They give off energy and light at various wavelengths, including visible and X-ray, as their matter approaches the point, called an event horizon, at which no light or energy can escape the black hole's gravitational pull.
The black hole at the center of this quasar is about 7.7 billion years old and about 6 billion light years from Earth. That's 36 billion trillion miles away, which is 36 followed by 21 zeroes.
Normally, something that far away would be too faint to study. But the UM researchers were able to take advantage of gravitational lensing to do their measurements. Just as light bends through glass to make a bigger image for those who need glasses, it also bends from the force of gravity as it passes galaxies.
The lensing effect, and subsequent magnification, of light from quasar RX J1131-1231 as it passed by a giant elliptical galaxy on the way to us, gave Reynolds, Reis and Miller very detailed information that allowed them to come up with an accurate value for the black hole's rotational speed.
Because the black hole is spinning so fast, the researchers concluded that it has grown through cannibalizing entire galaxies and not just a diet of smaller objects such as nearby stars or interstellar gas.
Research for the paper, titled "Reflection From the Strong Gravity Regime in a Lensed Quasar at Redshift z=0.658," was supported by a grant from NASA.


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By now the mommy wars have pretty much gotten us nowhere except to the realization that some parents spank their kids and some parents do not spank their kids. But now I'm going to throw a little monkey wrench in there: how about the parents who let other people spank their kids? Say the parents who let people at their kids' school spank their kids?
Is that OK? Are you sure? Because the mother of an 11-year-old girl who was spanked at school ended up filing a police report and taking the child to the hospital after she got the paddling of her life.
Kind of makes you wonder why anyone would say "yes" to letting someone else spank your kid, doesn't it? Even a school?
Oh I know, I know, there is a difference between child abuse and a corrective swat on the tush. That's what they all say. That's what Tekicia Yancie probably thought when daughter Jordyn's school called and told her Jordyn could opt for some old-fashioned butt smacking or a three-day suspension.
Yancie decided she didn't want her kid out of class for that long, so she went with the in-school spanking. And then her kid ended up missing school for days on end anyway because her injuries were so severe. As the little girl said:
When I got paddled, it felt like he was hitting me with something else because it really hurt. I told him that he was hitting me hard. And, when I got finished being paddled, I ran in the corner and started crying.
I hate to say I told you so, but ... wait, no, I don't. I feel badly that a little girl was hurt, but something has to wake parents up here. It's time we face the reality of corporal punishment in America: there is no perfect way to hit kids.
Think about it: if people who are trained to work with kids don't know where the line is between the aforementioned corrective swat on the tush and child abuse, who does? Is there really anyone we can trust using corporal punishment on our kids?
I know parents who wouldn't dream of laying a hand on their own kids who still seem to cling to the idea that schools should keep corporal punishment as a discipline technique. Maybe it's because they don't like getting their hands dirty; perhaps it's because they see school administrators as "experts" in child development.
Regardless, it's time it stops. Schools aren't any better than parents at spanking kids. The minute you decide to raise a hand to a child, no matter your "expertise," you are running the same risks as anyone else of hurting a child physically and emotionally.
And while the black and blue marks on little Jordyn Booth's behind will heal, the memory of crying in a corner after being paddled by someone she trusted will never completely go away.
Would you let someone at your kid's school spank them?
Image via szapucki/Flickr


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Machine-stamped laminated fiberboard is die-cut like the originals. Combo comes complete with jute trunk divider insulation. The jute backing is recommended because it provides insulation from noise and moisture.
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