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You could also opt to use existing websites for making money. These include both active income and passive income methods. For example, you could sell some used items or invest in creating some digital designs that then can be sold on merchandise. Again, devote a sizable portion of your time to passive income so that you can slowly build up earnings that will arrive on autopilot without any extra added effort.
If you have graphic design skills then you could make money online by creating and selling your own design elements, like templates, fonts, graphics, and other assets. This is a great way to earn extra money and build up a portfolio of work, which could lead to you picking up freelance graphic design jobs. Websites like Envato Elements pay you a fee per element sold, which can become quite profitable if your work is popular.
Before you say it – no, true guest blogging isn't dead, despite what you may have heard. Securing a guest post on a reputable site can increase blog traffic to your website and help build your brand into the bargain. Be warned, though – standards for guest blogging have changed radically during the past eighteen months, and spammy tactics could result in stiff penalties. Proceed with caution.
Start a bed and breakfast. If you live in a popular resort area or own a historic property, a B&B might be the perfect side hustle. Not only can you work at home with this career, but you'll also score some tax write-offs in the process — although most innkeepers caution that the profession requires a lot of hard work and is more of an attractive lifestyle than a money-making pursuit.
In doing so, the hope is that you'll be able to capitalize on the success of the first article while addressing a more focused issue that the first article doesn't fully explore. For brands that are looking to stake their claim to a very specific target audience, this is a great way to participate in a larger conversation while connecting current events and trends to your specific product or service offerings.
Work as an online interpreter or translator. If you're fluent in a foreign language, it makes sense to look for work as an online interpreter or translator. Depending on your individual skillset, you could find work translating blog posts or eBooks, transcribing recorded lessons or speeches for clients, or translating through Skype or another online video service. And, thanks to the increased use of foreign languages in the United States, getting started could really pay off. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for interpreters and translators is expected to increase 17% nationally through 2026.
Use long tail keywords. Don't just go with the most popular keywords in your market. Use keywords that are more specific to your product or service. In time, Google and other search engines will identify your website or blog as a destination for that particular subject, which will boost your content in search rankings and help your ideal customers find you. These tools will help.
You acknowledge that you must enter complete and correct information into the cash management system. For example, ACH Entries are originated according to certain processing Rules which require the use of an Originator Name and Originator Identification Number embedded in the transaction to identify its source. This embedded data is a critical component of the system's ability to monitor for transactions which you desire to review. If you do not enter correct, consistent and complete information into the system, then you must hold Bank harmless for posting a check or ACH Transaction to your Account and Bank must be excluded from any dispute related to such a transaction.
We are passionate about helping those who find themselves in a tight situation, no matter when or where. Cash emergencies happen. Life moves fast and doesn't slow down when money is tight. Speedy Cash understands that sometimes you need cash in a hurry; that's why we offer loans online 24/7. Fast loans you can apply for online with Speedy Cash could provide you with a cash advance when you need it most.
However, people can still do webinars without all of that. For example, you might have a sizable social media following and you train them every week on something to do with social media. But you will need a product to embed and sell at some point. Don't worry about it in the beginning. And by far, the best webinar platform out there is certainly GoToWebinar. Hands down, there isn't even another platform that comes close.
It can take time to build up your personal freelance business. Yet, there is more demand than ever for freelancers. So, if you want to kick start making money online through freelancing you can join one of the top freelance networks, such as Flexjobs, SolidGigs, Upwork, Fiverr, or PeoplePerHour. Sign up, build your profile, upload some samples of your work and start making extra money by doing small freelance jobs.
Consider selling in lots. A lot is a collection of similar items that is sold in a group. For example, if you have a collection of books, magazines or similar pieces of jewelry, consider selling them all at once in a lot. You many not make as much money as you would have if you sold each item separately. However, the items will likely sell more quickly in a lot than they would individually.[29]
If Images of Items you previously deposited are dishonored and returned unpaid by the drawee bank or are returned by a clearing agent for any reason, including but not limited to issues relating to the quality of the Image, you understand and agree that, since you either maintain the original Item or have destroyed the original Item in accordance with this Remote Deposit Agreement, including the "Maintenance and Destruction of Original Item" section, the original Item will not be returned and Bank may charge back an Image of the Item to your checking account. You understand and agree that the Image may be in the form of an electronic or paper reproduction of the original Item or a substitute check. Unless otherwise instructed by Bank, you agree not to deposit the original Check if an Image or other debit as previously described is charged back to you.
If you have a background in a specific field, you may find there is a demand for writing industry papers in your area of expertise. For example, there are often adverts for doctors, lawyers, nutritionists, and business experts from particular niches, to write white papers on different subject areas. These are well paid jobs that you will need to stake your reputation on, but that can often be worked on from the comfort of your own home.
Have a peek at the backlink profile of your competition that you're trying to outrank. Each of the top websites they have received links from is an opportunity and should be a target of yours. It might require a comment, a guest post or something else, but explore each link to get more entries to your own backlink profile. Savvy competition might be spying on your backlinks so why not return the favour.
You agree that by submitting an EFT transaction: (a) you have approved all information contained in the batch and (b) you have waived and released any claim against Bank arising out of any errors in the information which you have not yourself corrected or have not requested Bank to correct. Final audit responsibility rests with you. Bank will not have any responsibility for verifying the accuracy of any data you provide or directly inputs via the Internet. Before you initiate the first Entry involving a customer, you agree to obtain from such customer authorization to initiate Entries to the customer's account, which authorization must comply with the Rules. You agree to provide each customer with a copy of their authorization. Each Entry thereafter may only be made pursuant to such authorization, and no Entry may be initiated by you after such authorization has been revoked or the arrangement between you and such customer has terminated. You agree to retain customer authorizations for two years after they are terminated and other documents related to Entries for a period of two years and agree to immediately furnish any such authorizations and any related documents to us upon request.
To find the right people I downloaded a list of some of the most popular users within the community. To do this, I used Screaming Frog SEO Spider to gather a list of all the URLs on the website. I then exported this list into an Excel spreadsheet and filtered the URLs to only show those that were user profile pages. I could do this because all of the profile pages had /user/ within the URL.
When was the last time you went to a new restaurant without looking it up online beforehand? Or bought a product that didn't have at least a few 5-star reviews? It seems like more and more our world is run on reviews. And you can make money online by writing them. Get started by creating accounts on sites like Vindale research, Software Judge, FameBit, CrowdTap, Influence Central, and Modern Mom. However, before you run off and start writing, be sure to check the small print on each of these sites. Writing reviews isn't a huge source of guaranteed income and you want to make sure that it's worth your time before you get going.
Matched Betting (not available in the USA) enables you to gamble (nearly) risk-free. I say nearly as there is always room for error! It involves placing bets on all outcomes of an event, using free online bets given out by the Bookies. Although it may take a while to get your head around the concept, Matched Betting can make a substantial addition to your monthly income.
While you may be eager to apply for an online loan from Speedy Cash, borrowing money can be an intimidating experience for some. With so many lenders providing online loan services, choosing a loan provider is tough. Now add into the equation choosing an online loan that's right for your financial situation – now that's a sticky situation! Your friends at Speedy Cash want to make your online loan options are as clear as possible. Consider the following when choosing an online loan (loan availability varies by state):
I've always been one to create great content, but now I see it may not necessarily be the right content. Can Share Triggers work for all niches including things like plumbing companies, computer repair, maybe even handy men that have a website for their business? I would say I'm estimating half the views a month as I should. Hopefully some of these strategies will help.
Hi SEO 4 Attorneys, it could be any thing is this for your site for a clients site.It could be an attempt at negative SEO from a competitor? The thing is people may try to push 100's of spammy links to a site in hopes to knock it down. In the end of the day my best advice is to monitor your link profile on a weekly basis. Try to remove negative links where possible if you cant remove them then opt for the disavow tool as a last resort.
Obviously, Google's official SEO algorithm specifics are a very tightly-guarded secret, and there are thousands of ranking factors at play here. However, through testing and analytics and leveraging the knowledge of the growthhacking community, some rules can be identified. Additionally, every now and then some statements leak out from Google employees such as Andrey Lipattsev confirming that content and links are amongst the top three search ranking factors. Based on research, data and trial and error, I've discovered that organic traffic drivers can be divided into three main categories: UX, domain score and content:
It can take time to build up your personal freelance business. Yet, there is more demand than ever for freelancers. So, if you want to kick start making money online through freelancing you can join one of the top freelance networks, such as Flexjobs, SolidGigs, Upwork, Fiverr, or PeoplePerHour. Sign up, build your profile, upload some samples of your work and start making extra money by doing small freelance jobs.
Just be sure to put a lot of care into your product listings. Everything from the titles you use, to how effective the description is at convincing potential buyers your product is better than the rest, and even taking care to shoot high quality product photos can have a dramatic impact on your sales. I recommend using photo editing tools like Fotor, which gives you the ability to edit your images, create captivating graphic designs and more.
Each such Transfer will be done on the Business Day Bank receives the Drawdown Request from the Requesting Bank if the Drawdown Request is received within a reasonable time to determine whether your Accounts have sufficient available funds and to obtain access to the Federal Reserve network prior to the end of that business day. Bank may reject any Drawdown Request in excess of the collected and available balance. Requesting Bank will be notified if the request is rejected by Bank. Your obligation to pay Bank the amount of the Transfer in the event that the Fedwire message does not identify the same account of financial institution is not excused in such circumstances. With respect to incoming wire transfers that do not indicate an account number recognizable by Bank, Bank may return the wire transfer to the sending financial institution without incurring any liability.
Creating content that has the potential to rank well organically requires planning and research. Search engines do not reward a blog post with a higher search rank for simply having an organic keyword appear multiple times in the content. Your content needs to be relevant, informative, engaging, and readable to make a lasting impression. Hopefully, this extensive analysis of our blog post will prove helpful in crafting organically ranking content. We would love to hear about the measures that helped improve your organic web traffic. Let us know in your comments.
I've always been one to create great content, but now I see it may not necessarily be the right content. Can Share Triggers work for all niches including things like plumbing companies, computer repair, maybe even handy men that have a website for their business? I would say I'm estimating half the views a month as I should. Hopefully some of these strategies will help.
Again, if your blog has a large reader base, then businesses may be interested in paying you to review their services or products. Not only will you get a free trial using whatever these businesses are selling, but you will also get a fee for writing them a review and posting it to your site. Paid reviews (and other paid and sponsored content) can be big money, so advertise this service on your contact page to generate business.
It's not enough to produce great content and hope that people find it – you have to be proactive. One of the best ways to increase traffic to your website is to use social media channels to promote your content. Twitter is ideal for short, snappy (and tempting) links, whereas Google+ promotion can help your site show up in personalized search results and seems especially effective in B2B niches. If you're a B2C product company, you might find great traction with image-heavy social sites like Pinterest and Instagram. Here's more advice on making the most of social media marketing.
"Appointment Form" means an Appointment of Agent and System Administrator form (or similar form approved by Bank) executed by you or on your behalf. If the only appointment of an agent or administrator in effect is pursuant to an agreement superseded by this Access Agreement, then such appointment will remain in effect until superseded by the execution of a new Appointment Form.
An Authorized Agent is responsible for assigning the levels of security necessary for you. The Authorized Agents will be required to change the initial passwords the first time they use their IDs to login into our cash management system. It is the Authorized Agents' responsibility to understand the security capabilities built into the Service and to assign and, as appropriate to your business and security needs, restrict access to the various applications only to those employees who have a need to know, keeping in mind the importance of separation of duties as an important way of protecting you.
A site called User Testing will actually pay you a fee to evaluate websites. It typically pays you $10 for each video that you review – which typically takes about 20 minutes. If the work is there, and you are particularly good at it, you could earn up to $30 per hour. That's a pretty solid pay rate for a work-at-home job. You wouldn't have to work a whole lot of hours to generate a decent part-time monthly income.
Etsy is the most popular online marketplace for handmade goods and crafts. From bracelets to phone cases, rings, furniture, and more, Etsy is perfect for anyone who is creative and wants to sell their handmade creations. As long as you have the space, this can make for one of the best ways to make money online that can be started with a very limited investment. Consider these 5 steps to starting an Etsy store, from Handmadeology.
What does that mean for your website? Organic Traffic is any of the customers that come to your website without clicking a link on another site (referral traffic) or clicking an ad (paid traffic) – these visitors used a known search engine and clicked a link to view your website. Much of this traffic is customers from Google, but it also includes other common search engines like Bing and Yahoo. Now that we know what it is, let's dive into understanding how this information can help you improve your website.
Services provided by the following affiliates of SunTrust Banks, Inc.: Banking products and services are provided by SunTrust Bank, Member FDIC. Trust and investment management services are provided by SunTrust Bank, SunTrust Delaware Trust Company. Securities, brokerage accounts and insurance (including annuities) are offered by SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., a SEC registered broker-dealer, member FINRA, SIPC, and a licensed insurance agency. Investment advisory services are offered by SunTrust Advisory Services, Inc., a SEC registered adviser. GFO Advisory Services, LLC is a SEC registered investment adviser that provides investment advisory services to a group of private investment funds and other non-investment advisory services to affiliates. Mortgage products and services are offered through SunTrust Mortgage, a tradename for SunTrust Bank, and loans are made by SunTrust Bank.
Whatever industry you're in, chances are there are at least one or two major conventions and conferences that are relevant to your business. Attending these events is a good idea – speaking at them is even better. Even a halfway decent speaking engagement is an excellent way to establish yourself as a thought leader in your industry and gain significant exposure for your site.
Webinars On Air is a powerful webinar tool that will enable you to create professional webinars for your viewers. Harnessing the power of Google Hangouts, this all in one solution will take care of all the technical aspects of hosting a webinar, including payments. Also have a look at our guide to the best webinar software, both free and paid options.
People love to learn, and webinars are an excellent way to impart your wisdom to your eagerly waiting audience. Combined with an effective social promotion campaign, webinars are a great way to increase traffic to your website. Send out an email a week or so ahead of time, as well as a "last chance to register" reminder the day before the webinar. Make sure to archive the presentation for later viewing, and promote your webinars widely through social media. If you're wondering how to do a webinar, click the link for some tips.
If, for any reason, you should ever wish to cancel cash management Bill Payment Service, we strongly suggest that you cancel all future bill payments at the same time that you cancel your Service, either by deleting those payments yourself using the cash management system or calling River City Bank's Customer Service at (916) 567-2899. This will ensure that future payments and transfers made by you will not be duplicated. We will automatically cancel all outstanding payment orders (all individual payments and all recurring payments) once we have been notified that your Service has been terminated. We will continue to maintain your Accounts until you notify us otherwise.
If you don't mind doing other people's chores, then TaskRabbit is a great option for making money online. Earn extra income by walking your neighbor's dog or mowing Mr. Smith's lawn. It might seem like not the most lucrative option, but the top taskers reportedly earn as much as $7000 a month, making this a full-time way to make money online for some.
You agree to indemnify Bank against, and hold Bank harmless from, any and all losses, costs, damages and expenses (including reasonable attorney's fees and costs of investigation, at trial and on appeal) arising directly or indirectly from, or relating in any manner to, (a) a breach of your warranties, representations, and/or agreements and obligations under this Access Agreement; (b) inaccurate information provided to Bank; or (c) any actions taken by Bank which were reasonably believed by Bank to be taken pursuant to this Access Agreement, including, but not limited to, actions taken by Bank to amend or cancel any of your instructions or requests or any decision by Bank to effect or not to effect a transaction as provided in this Access Agreement, or any other action taken by Bank in good faith pursuant to its responsibilities under this Access Agreement. You agree to hold Bank harmless against all claims made by you or others resulting from Bank's reasonable reliance on information and data furnished by you or resulting from activities Bank or its agents undertake at your request, or at the request of anyone Bank believes in good faith to be your authorized agent including, without limitation, costs, reasonable attorneys' fees incurred in connections with such claims. Bank will have the right to disburse or withhold any sum, which Bank is authorized to disburse or withhold. This section will survive termination of this Access Agreement.
Although it may have changed slightly since BrightEdge published its report last year, the data still seem to hold true. Organic is simply better for delivering relevant traffic. The only channel that performs better in some capacities is paid search ads, but that is only for conversions, not overall traffic delivery (Paid Search only accounted for 10 percent of overall total traffic).
After adjusting that, the table refreshes again and I'm looking at a month-by-month summary of my Organic Traffic. Hover your mouse over any single month dot to view a summary of that month's numbers. In this particular example, we can see that recently there's been an increase in Organic Traffic. January had 6,630 organic sessions, February (short month) had 5,982 and then March came in strong with 7,486 organic sessions. This information lets us know that something on the site is performing better than usual in March. In most cases, this means that either interest in a topic has increased or the website has begun to rank better in the search engines for specific keywords. In the next section we'll begin to break this down further.
Walk around your neighborhood or town and I'm sure you'll see tons of great local businesses with terrible design. However, with increasingly easy-to-use tools like Adobe Illustrator, Venngage, Stencil, and Visme, just about anyone with a creative mindset and a good amount of motivation can start making money online by being a graphic designer for local companies.
So how can you prepare your blog for long-term organic traffic? We have a few tips below. We did want to mention that they are other ways of getting traffic to your website. They are effective but you need to be more consistent. With organic traffic, your blog will naturally gain long-term traffic. But here are our other suggestions to getting traffic to your website:
Now in your reconsideration request make sure you are honest and tell Google everything that the prior agency was up too. Be sure to include all Excel information of removed links and say you are going to make an ongoing effort to remove everything negative. It is common knowledge that Google may not accept your first reconsideration request, so it may take a few times.
The music industry might not be as strong as it was in the 80s, but there are still plenty of ways to make money online as a musician. Sites like SoundBetter let you sell your services as a songwriter, producer, or session musician to thousands of customers a month. While Musicbed, Music Vine, Marmoset, and SongFreedom are perfect for licensing your music to TV shows, movies, and web series.
This Online Wire Services Agreement (this "Wire Agreement") governs your use of the Transfer services provided by Bank using its online cash management system (collectively, the "Service" in this Wire Agreement) in association with your Accounts (collectively, the "Account"). By using the Service, you agree to the terms and conditions of this Wire Agreement and all exhibits, schedules, appendices, addenda and other attachments hereto, which are part of this Wire Agreement. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Wire Agreement and the terms of the Access Agreement, this Wire Agreement will control to the extent of such conflict. The terms "we," "us," "our," "River City Bank," and "Bank" refer to River City Bank. "Customer", "you" and "your" refer to the party in whose name an Account is maintained, each signer on an Account, and all owners of that Account. The term "Access Agreement" means the Online Cash Management Access Agreement between Bank and you to which this Wire Agreement is attached.
Take it seriously. Yes, you're applying for an online job. Yes, you can do the work in your underwear, but that doesn't mean it's not a "real job". You must treat it as such or they aren't going to treat you as a serious candidate. You aren't the only one who wants to work in their underwear. In fact, the competition online is likely higher than it is in your local area.
***We would like to note that this post and most posts on our blog may contain affiliate links. This means that if you purchase something that has an affiliate link, we will get a commission from it. Not all items recommended on our site are affiliate links. We only recommend items that we have used and tried. These items have brought us much success and we highly recommend them to you in order to be successful. Thank you for your trust!
You may have heard of payday loans referred to as cash advances; they're the same thing. If you are in need of quick cash, a payday loan may be the temporary financial fix for you. Remember, payday loans give access to fast cash, but the turnaround to pay back in full is usually around the time that you'll receive your next pay check. With a payday loan from Speedy Cash, you will be repaying the principal loan amount plus finance fees.
So many great tips! There are a couple of things I've implemented recently to try and boost traffic. One is to make a pdf version of my post that people can download. It's a great way to build a list:) Another way is to make a podcast out of my post. I can then take a snippet of it and place it on my Facebook page as well as syndicate it. As far as video I've started to create a video with just a few key points from the post. The suggestion about going back to past articles is a tip I am definitely going to use especially since long-form content is so important. Thanks!
The Bill Payment Service allows you to schedule bill payments through Cash Management Services. You can schedule, at your option, for the payment of your current, future and recurring bills from any of your eligible River City Bank checking accounts. There is no limit to the number of payments that may be requested to be made from your checking accounts. Other account types may have transaction limitations as described in your Deposit Agreement and Disclosure. You may pay any merchant or individual through the use of Bill Payment Service. By furnishing us with the names of payees/merchants, you authorize us to follow the payment instructions to these payee/merchants that you provide us through Cash Management Services. The earlier of (a) the date you designate that you would like a payment to be sent and (b) the date the bill payment system can send payment under our normal operating procedures is called the "Send Date". When we receive a payment instruction (for the current or a future date), we will transfer funds to the payee on your behalf from the funds in your bill payment Account on the Send Date.
Keep in mind though, you don't need a website to do sponsored content since you can also get paid if you have a lot of social media followers. My wife has a pretty big Instagram following, and she gets all kinds of sponsorships. Not only does she get paid in cash, but we get a lot of free stuff, too. We've received free rugs, free lights, and free carpet cleaners. She only promotes things she loves though, so this strategy works really well for her.


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Storage and Packing of Food and Flowers
This collection holds 823 photos taken by ir. Eelke Westra (Wageningen Food & Biobased Research) on the storage, packing and transport of food and flowers. The photos were taken from 2002 to 2015 in countries around the world.
The collection records several techniques of cultivation (mainly flowers), storage and packaging, and transport of food products and flowers by Eelke Westra. Westra took the photos as part of his research from 2002 to 2015 in many different countries, including Ecuador, Egypt, Thailand, Ukraine, Kazachstan, and the Netherlands.
Copyrights and credits
The Storage and packing of food and flowers photos can be downloaded for free. They can be used and distributed for non-commercial use. The Creative Commons license CC BY-NC 4.0 is applicable.
Eelke Westra is the Scientific Knowledge Leader Postharvest Technology at Wageningen Food & Biobased Research and is an expert on quality preservation of food and flowers. He researches how fruit, meat and flowers can be preserved better and longer to avoid loss of quality. During his research travels he made numerous photos. A selection of these photos is being presented here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Successful brand identities need vision, strategy and influential guidance to last.
At Studio Jazeena, we offer design solutions made for the long haul with purposeful aim. And it's not just a goal of ours, it's of first importance.
Kind Words
Genuine desire to see your brand succeed is at the helm of our services.
From logo designs, color palettes and identity development, each touchpoint is made with your goals and audience in mind.
Or in need of a listening ear? You've got it. Send us any questions you have to get started.


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Slots machine secrets
It Is Interesting about casino
- Croupier's clothes are given out by the casino. There are no pockets there, so you can not hide or steal chips.
- The annual profit from the gaming industry in the US is 18 billion dollars.
Мысленно я представлял их продолжение под юбкой. propositioned someone for sex, oral sex, or mutual masturbation. Cassie led him to her car and then reached up and grabbed his cheeks. Вскоре из общей толпы отделилась одна парочка и уверенным шагом направилась ко. 301.
Когда у молодой проказницы наступает время отпуска, она позволяет себе выйти во двор и снять джинсовые шорты и оранжевую футболку, чтобы остаться только в черных трусиках.
licked or sucked on someone else's feet andor toes. She then lowered her mouth over the end of it and began sucking violently, my cock filling her tight little mouth. He laughed as he thought of his sexual exploits, and the fact that soon, very soon, he'd kill again. She grabbed his wrist and pushed his hand down into the crevice of her crotch, pushing his fingers into her pussy.
Бoжe, чтo этo в ee глaзaх. New.
Priglashayu on romantic svidanie. Surveys show that, after the PR campaign was in full swing, the percentage of Americans who thought it "likely" AIDS would become a full scale epidemic leaped from 51 to 69. Пригласил девушку с клёвой жопкой и неплохо выебал красотку в разные дырочки.
Большие победы и много денег в таком сексуальном возрасте девушка приобрела далеко не только одним умом.
E Super yum organizes an elite evening.
Hybrid slots in mobile
You must have heard or seen hybrid SIM card slot in that latest smartphones a lot but still most of the users are still confused what a hybrid SIM slot is and how to use it. So here in this post I will tell you what a hybrid SIM slot really is so that you do not remain in any confusion when buying your new Smartphone. Below you can see the hybrid sim tray having a normal sim slot and a hybrid sim slot.
The hybrid sim slot can can accommodate either a microSD card or a nano sim card. Learn about different SIM card sizes. The main advantage of hybrid SIM card slot is that it saves space on smartphones for the manufacturers, which can help them to make the phone much slimmer and also reduce some of the circuitry involved. There is virtually no advantage of Hybrid SIM card slot to the users as it only limits the features as discussed below.
The main disadvantage of hybrid SIM slot is that it limits your phone functionality i. You can cannot use both these features simultaneously which is a major drawback of hybrid SIM slot. Also you cannot do anything about it if it is present in the phone that you are going to buy. Here you have to be intelligent and think about your requirements and use the Hybrid SIM slot as per your needs i.
There is a hack to use two SIMs and a microSD card in the hybrid SIM slot in some phones but I am strongly against it because it damages your one SIM card permanently and you may also damage your smartphone doing this. Buy Smartphones at Great Discounts. Tech degree in IT and B. I just want good camera,battery and storage. Please read this for best phones under rupees https: What is your opinion about Cooldpad series? I am using Redmi 3S prime..
No phone till now available in comparison of it whether range or quality. Is there any good smartphone with dual sim and extended memory card option, not having hybrid simslot i mean. Moto g4 play costs you Or else cool pad Moto g4 plus and g4 costs you 12—15k. I was about to puchase Redmi note 3, but hearing about high brid-sim slot, i am tolly confused.
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So Many *More* Thoughts!
Fam, I must be honest. There is only so much my thumbs can fit on the screen of my iPhone X! So I thought it was high time to expand So Many Thoughts beyond the confines of my Instagram Stories. Fear not, I will continue to post there. But here you can get even more of my musings, including further commentary on royal happenings, behind-the-scenes stories on my latest professional writing, and more musings on topics that really matter to me, ranging from infertility to beauty tips.
This is also a chance for you to join in the conversation! My Insta posts often result in a flurry of direct messages, so many of which offer super smart insights into the topic being discussed. My sincere hope is that you will share those Thoughts here, in the comments below, and we can all enjoy adding more voices to the discussion. (Please remember this is a #TeamBoth space where critical thinking is celebrated… and anything nasty or crass is not.)
But mostly: welcome! I'm so glad you're here and I'm so excited to see where this takes us.
xx, EHolmes


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Welcome to JSP Live! Our penultimate edition before the end of a very long season.
I've finished now and I'm for a few days away before I look forward to my family holidays.
I bet you are looking forward to getting away. You will have to email me with your holiday pictures because I'm pretty certain they will all involve football – even if it's just a kick about on the beach.
Young Regan Hand won't be kicking a ball about this summer. Remember he was the little boy who was involved in the car accident a few weeks ago but you can see from the pictures with Prince William at least he is well on the mend now.
You will probably have read by now that the England boys have bowed out of the European Championships in Germany.
That is a pity as they had high hopes but unfortunately it was not to be but they have some talented players and I am sure we will see much more of them in the future.
Hopefully we will see more Asian players in the future too. We have spoken about this issue before and it still staggering that there aren't more Asian footballers given there are hundreds of Asians that enjoy football, either by playing or supporting.
Zesh Rehman can be an inspiration hopefully and as attitudes change all being well we will see more and more young Asians coming forward – it can only be good for all of the home nations.
We are getting to the last stages of your football with more and more prizes being handed out and the professional season is winding to a close.
I know many of you will be taking part in summer tournaments and even if you are not playing league or cup football you will be spending the holidays with your mates.
I used to love it when school broke up because it mean't we could play football all day every day. I can never get enough football and I'm sure you are the same.
Have fun and keep smiling!
Robbie Savage: have a ball
Now the season is at and end make sure you get out and have a kick about with you friends in the summer.
Welcome to JSP Live! Our penultimate edition before the end of a very long season.


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Please correct the errors below.
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About American Airlines
American Airlines (AA) is one of the most prominent airlines in the US, based in Fort Worth, Texas. It is renowned as the world's largest airline not only by fleet size and revenue but also by the number of scheduled passengers carried, scheduled passenger-kilometers flown, and the number of destinations served.
Along with its regional partners, American Airlines operates a vast international and domestic network averaging nearly 6,700 flights per day to 350 destinations across more than 50 countries. The regional service is operated by subsidiary carriers under the brand name American Eagle. American Airlines is one of the founding members of the Oneworld alliance, world's third largest airline alliance.
Being a founding member of Oneworld alliance, American Airlines gets to enjoy numerous benefits such as reaching more destinations that ultimately leads to serving a larger group of passengers. Its frequent flyer program is called AAdvantage. Members of this program get to enjoy certain perks based on their membership status — AAdvantage Gold, AAdvantage Platinum, AAdvantage Platinum Pro and AAdvantage Executive Platinum. American Airlines Flash Sale frequently enables passengers to benefit greatly from this program.
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Choral score
$1.60 per copy (you are buying a digital license)
Stranger, my message is short.
Stand by and read it through.
Here is the unlovely tomb of a lovely woman.
Her parents called her Claudia by name.
She loved her husband with all her heart.
She bore two sons;
of these she leaves one on earth;
the other she has placed under the earth.
She was charming in converse, yet gentle in bearing.
She kept house, she made wool.
That's my last word.
Go your way.
-Ancient Roman Tomb Inscription, 135-120 B.C.


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KerPlunk is a popular children's game which was first marketed by the Ideal Toy Company back in 1967. The game is made up of a plastic tube and a number of plastic straws or rods in various colors which numbered around 30 or 26 in total.
The base contained four separate numbered trays and the straws are pushed through the holes midway through the tube to form a web or criss cross lattice. Then some marbles are then placed in the top of the tube, but they are held up by the straw web.
At the start of the game the whole tube is turned so that a hole of the base of the tube is in line with the tray each player is using. Players then take it in turns removing a straw one at a time… but they need to pick wisely with the aim of having the least amount of marbles falling through the web and landing into their tray.
Once a player has touched a straw, they can not change their mind, they must stay committed to remove it and hope that they are not unlucky to have one or more marbles fall at the crucial time. The end of the game is once all marbles have fallen and the winner is crowned the person who has the least marbles in their tray.
The game is available today, manufactured and marketed by the Milton Bradley Company in the UK and by Mattel in the USA, the modern version uses a pink tube rather than the original purple-colored tube.


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Employers will find out late next month whether electrical workers are likely to strike over pay.
Union officials from the Amicus section of Unite are visiting sites throughout Britain over the next three weeks to test the mood for industrial action and will report their findings at a recall meeting on 20 September.
Tom Hardacre, head of construction at Unite/Amicus, told shop stewards last Thursday that the union was unable to conduct a ballot over strike action, as legally required, because the database of members was so out of date the vote would be invalid.
Instead, the union asked officials to visit its members on sites to assess whether they wish to strike.
The union has taken this action in the wake of the impasse that it reached with the Electrical Contractors Association (ECA) over the Joint Industry Board wage agreement.
Hardacre negotiated a deal but it was rejected by stewards last month and the ECA has not improved its offer.
Hardacre was unavailable for comment as Building went to press.


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Happy New Year !! Our breakfast photos!
Happy new year with health worldwide !! For 17 years we believe in fact that… read more
Photos from our page on Facebook! (Good winter!)
We present some of the photos "upload" our page on facebook! Good winter!… read more
Second guitar academy Parnassus! (Photos)
Successfully completed the second guitar academy would like to thank the Association of Greek guitarists… read more
Musical festival-music academies in Farm Amfikaia!
Continuing the artistic actions and after successful classical guitar festival held in spring farm Amfikaia,… read more
End Amfikaia guitar festival 2016!
Completed on Saturday April 9, 2016, the 2nd Guitar Festival Amfikaia. In concert appeared in… read more
3rd concert Amfikaia guitar festival!
Successfully conducted the third concert of classical guitar festival Amfikaia 2016! We would like to… read more
Photos from our page on facebook!
We present some of the photos you upload each week (from March month) on our… read more
2nd concert Amfikaia guitar festival!
Successfully completed the second concert of guitar festival Amfikaia 2016. We thank the Greek club… read more
First concert Amfikaia guitar festival!
Continuing the artistic actions and this year successfully completed the first concert of guitar festival… read more
Photos from our page on Facebook !!!
We present some pictures "staged" on our facebook page the last few weeks! … read more
Merry Christmas !! (possibility of snow removal if required)
We wish you a Merry Christmas!! To remind you that in case you need possibility… read more


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Community centres
Have you ever taken your kids along to your local community centre? If not, check it out today - community organisations often run events and programmes at these venues which are low cost and designed to support the well being and enjoyment of families and their kids. Your kids can participate in lots of good causes as well as making friends and having a great time!Read more
Resilience and Good Health
Find out how you can make your kids more resilient. Resilience is an important emotional and social skill that will help your child deal with life's hurdles.Read more
Before & After School care for kids
Get additional early learning and care for your little ones! When home care is not enough, there is before and after school care for kids.Read more
Reptile Parks For Kids In The Adelaide Region
Channel your kid's inner Steve Irwin!

There are an abundance of reptile parks in Adelaide region, so why not give it a try?Read more
Collections For Kids
Encourage your kids to start collections out of the treasures they gather!

The passion for collecting is one of the activities for kids that they can take interest in.Read more
Zoos For Kids In Sydney
For a fun and educational day out for the whole family, why not try one of the zoos in Sydney?

 Zoos are a popular family favourite throughout Australia. The zoos in Sydney are some of the best in the world and whether you are a local or a visitor looking for things to do in Sydney, they are well worth a visit!Read more


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Efficiency of ultrasound assisted extract of Delonix regia petals as natural antioxidant on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil
1Food Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com
The possibility of improving the oxidative stability of sunflower oil by enriching it with carotenoids from Delonix regia petals was studied. A combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and stirring techniques was used. The optimal conditions were material/solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v), ultrasonic power of 30 W and extraction time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the yield of total carotenoids was 503.0 μg/g dry weight. Increasing the acoustic power density degraded carotenoids. A HPLC analysis was used for the quantification of β-carotene in the extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the carotenoid-rich extract were found to be superior to the standard Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The enrichment of sunflower oil with carotenoid-rich extract at 67.46 mg carotenoids/kg oil improved its oxidative stability by more than 50% as measured by the Rancimat method. These results suggest that the investigated extract has the potential to be used as a bio-preservative in food products.
Eficiencia de la extracción asistida por ultrasonido de pétalos de Delonix regia como antioxidante natural en la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de girasol. Se estudió la posibilidad de mejorar la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de girasol enriqueciéndolo con carotenoides de pétalos de Delonix regia. Se utilizaron técnicas combinadas de extracción asistida por ultrasonido y técnicas de agitación. Las condiciones óptimas fueron una relación material/ disolvente de 1:20 (p/v), una potencia ultrasónica de 30 W y un tiempo de extracción de 50 min. En estas condiciones, el rendimiento de carotenoides totales fue de 503,0 μg/g de peso seco. El aumento de la densidad de potencia acústica degrada a los carotenoides. El análisis por HPLC se utilizó para la cuantificación de β-caroteno en el extracto. Se encontró que la actividad de captación de radicales DPPH y el poder antioxidante reductor férrico del extracto rico en carotenoides es superior al del butilhidroxitolueno estándar (BHT). El enriquecimiento de aceite de girasol con extracto rico en carotenoides a 67,46 mg de carotenoides/kg de aceite mejoró su estabilidad oxidativa en más del 50% según lo medido por el método de Rancimat. Estos resultados proponen que el extracto investigado tiene el potencial de ser utilizado como conservante biológico en productos alimenticios.
Submitted: 08 September 2018; Accepted: 23 January 2019; Published online: 23 July 2019
ORCID ID: Morsi MKS https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6075, Morsy NFS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-2489, Golshany HS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-5337
KEYWORDS: Carotenoids; Delonix regia; Oxidative stability; Sunflower oil; Ultrasonic
PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceite de girasol; Carotenoides; Delonix regia; Estabilidad oxidativa; Ultrasonido
Citation/Cómo citar este artículo: Morsi MKS, Morsy NFS, Golshany HS. 2019. Efficiency of ultrasound assisted extract of Delonix regia petals as natural antioxidant on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Grasas Aceites 70 (4), e332. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0929182
Copyright: ©2019 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.
Sunflower oil is susceptible to oxidation because it contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid oxidation produces rancid flavors and degrades the quality and safety of food products which are rich in oils (Upadhyay and Mishra, 2015). Oxidative stability is an important indicator for evaluating the ability of oils to resist oxidation through processing and storage. Natural and synthetic antioxidants are added to edible oils to delay oxidation, and prolong the shelf-life of food products. The use of natural antioxidants is in increasing demand (Mezza et al., 2018).
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook), commonly known as Poinciana regia, Royal Poinciana, or Gul mohar, is a member of the Caesalpinioideae family. It is a large ornamental tree with red peacock flowers (Vargas et al., 2010). The floral petals are sweetish-sour in taste and are often eaten by children and used by natives for confections (Bhatt et al., 2000). The water extract of the flowers is used for medicinal purposes (Adjé et al., 2010). Veigas et al., (2012) reported that the antioxidant potential of D. regia flowers may be related to their high content of carotenoids.
Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the color of fruits and flowers, which plays an important role in attracting insects to act as pollinators and seed dispersion vehicles (Hornero-Méndez and Mínguez-Mosquera, 2000). Conventional methods have been used to recover valuable compounds from plant food matrices. Food scientists have reported on processes with a green and sustainable extraction concept.
The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has been developed to improve the extraction rate and extraction yield of bioactive compounds by reducing energy and time compared to conventional methods (Goula et al., 2017). Ultrasound produces cavitation in the extraction media that directs a jet of liquid at the surface, causing cell rupture of the material subjected to extraction (Roselló-Soto et al., 2015). The UAE of polyphenols from D. regia dried flowers using methanol shortened maceration time significantly (Adje et al., 2010). UAE is used to obtain antioxidants and phenolic compounds from plant materials at high yield with low extraction solvent volume and low cost in a short time (Chemat et al., 2018).
The present study is the first to focus on the extraction of carotenoids from Delonix regia petals by ultrasound technique.
The objectives of the present research aim:
|To evaluate the impact of UAE variables (ultrasonic intensity, sonication time, and solvent/plant material ratio) on the enhancement of carotenoid extraction; (ii) To characterize the antioxidant activities of the carotenoid-rich extract; and (iii) To explore the effective level of the carotenoid-rich extract and dried petals (by infusion), which could improve the oxidative stability of refined sunflower oil.
2.1. Plant material TOP
Seven kg of D. regia (Boj.) Raf. petals were collected from the garden at the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University during the bloom season (May-June 2016). The freshly harvested petals (80.38% moisture) were shade dried at room temperature till their moisture content reached 8.28%. For pigment extraction and analysis, the petals were ground into a fine powder and placed in brown glass bottles in a dark well-ventilated place till extraction.
2.2. Chemicals and reagentsTOP
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), ferric chloride, trichloroacetic acid, phosphate buffer pH 6.6, potassium ferricyanide and standards of β-carotene, lutein and lycopene were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Fine Chemicals (St. Louis, MO). All solvents used (acetonitrile, hexane and methanol) were of HPLC grade and were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Refined, bleached and deodorized sunflower oil with no added antioxidants was procured from Cairo Oil and Soap Company, Egypt.
2.3. Carotenoid extraction using different techniquesTOP
2.3.1. Ultrasonic extraction (US) and stirring (S)TOP
UAE was performed using a Fisher Sonic Dismemberator, Model 300, 50 Hz, USA. Ten grams of the dried powder were used for each extraction process. Each extraction process was repeated three times. The ultrasound extraction was carried out using dried powder to solvent (a nonpolar solvent, hexane) ratios of 1:20 and 1:30 (w/v). The mixture was subjected to ultrasonic radiation using an ultrasound generator, equipped with an ultrasonic horn probe with a 19 mm diameter tip immersed 5 mm into the solution, in the center of the vessel. The ultrasonic intensity levels were designed as 10% of the maximal output power (30 W), 20% of the maximal output power (60 W) and 30% of the maximal output power (90 W), at room temperature (25 °C). The highest temperature of the system reached 28 °C. The acoustic energy density (W) was calculated according to Upadhyay et al., (2015) by dividing the dissipated power by the volume of solvent (L) used during extraction. Sonication was performed at three different levels of acoustic energy density (0.73, 1.46 and 2.44 W/L). The experimental process was protected from light for less attenuation of the carotenoids during extraction by covering with aluminum foil. During the ultrasound extraction (US), the samples were continuously stirred (S) by a magnetic stirrer (Model MS-300, China). After standing and layering the extraction media, the extracts were collected and filtered to separate the plant material from the liquid extract. Aliquots of the extract were withdrawn at 10, 30, 50, 80, 100 and 120 min.
As a control, the conventional solvent extraction technique was performed by magnetic stirring (S), at room temperature (25 °C) using the same material/solvent ratios and extraction times to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound.
2.4. Preparation of sunflower oil enriched with carotenoids at different levels TOP
2.4.1. Addition of dried extract rich in carotenoids TOP
The extract with the highest level of carotenoids was evaporated under vacuum using a rotary evaporator (Model N-1000 Tokyo Rikakikai Co., LTD., Japan) at 40 °C. The dried extract (0.05-0.125 g) with its known content of total carotenoids was used for enriching sunflower oil samples (10 mL each) with carotenoids at 67.46 and 159.56 mg carotenoids/Kg oil.
2.4.2. Infusion of D. regia flower powder into sunflower oil by macerationTOP
D. regia dried flower powder-oil mixtures were prepared according to the method of Ammar et al., (2017), at 10% and 20% (w/v) using 1 L of sunflower oil for each sample. The mixtures were kept in dark glass bottles for 20 days at 5 °C. The mixtures were subjected to constant agitation for 2 h at room temperature, daily. After the maceration step, the plant material was removed by filtration and the total carotenoids in each extract was determined. Each experiment was carried out three times.
2.5. Visible scanningTOP
VIS spectra were performed using a Jasco V-550 UV/VIS multi-wavelength Spectrophotometer (Jasco Applied Sciences Ltd., Droxford, United Kingdom) from 405-505 nm (2 nm/s) of the extracts. Scanning of these extracts was followed after 10 min of extraction till the rate of extraction yield was limited (the increment of carotenoids/min was less than 10 μg).
2.6. Quantification of total carotenoids TOP
The concentration of total carotenoids in each extract was determined by measuring its absorbance in hexane at 448 nm using the β-carotene absorption coefficient (A1%1cm=2592) according to Rodriguez-Amaya (2001) using UV–visible spectrophotometer (Unico UV-2000, USA). Hexane was used as a blank. The carotenoid extraction yield was expressed as μg of carotenoids/g of dry weight (dw) sample.
The carotenoid content of pigmented sunflower oil was determined according to Goula et al., (2017) with some modifications as follows: three grams of sample (infused or enriched with carotenoid-rich extract) were accurately weighed and dissolved in hexane up to a final volume of 10 mL. The carotenoid content was measured as β-carotene and was calculated from the absorbance of the pigmented oil solution against sunflower oil as a blank.
2.7. HPLC analysis of β-caroteneTOP
The highest carotenoid extract was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter. Before injection, 50 mL of the hexane extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 40 °C under vacuum and re-dissolved in 10 mL of hexane. Twenty μL of the extract were injected for HPLC analysis. HPLC separation was performed using a HPLC system (Agilent Technologies 1100 series, USA) equipped with a solvent degasser, quaternary pump, auto sampler, and UV/VIS diode array detector. A LiChrospher 5 RP Select B 5 μm particle size (250 × 4.0 mm) HPLC column was used. Acetonitrile - methanol (70:30 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 448 nm with a flow rate at 1 mL/min. Ten μL of the standard mixture (25 μg lutein, 22.5 μg lycopene and 100 μg β-carotene/mL) were injected and submitted to the same HPLC conditions as the extract analysis.
2.8. Evaluation of the antioxidant activities of the carotenoid-rich extract TOP
2.8.1. DPPH free radical scavenging activity TOP
The radical scavenging activity of the carotenoid-rich extract towards DPPH radicals was determined according to Gulluce et al., (2007). The dried extract was dissolved in 5 mL hexane using a volumetric flask. The initial absorbance of the DPPH solution (40 μg/mL) was 1.221. BHT solutions in concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 100, 200 μg/mL were used as reference. The concentration of the extract that was required for inhibiting 50% of the DPPH radicals was determined and expressed as the IC50 value.
2.8.2. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) TOP
The reducing power of the dried extract dissolved in hexane was determined at 700 nm according to the method of Oyaizu (1986). BHT solutions in concentrations of 0, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25 μg/mL were used as standard reference. IC50 (Concentration of the extract providing absorbance 0.5) was calculated from the graph using extract concentration versus absorbance.
2.9. Analyses of sunflower oilTOP
The acid value and peroxide value of the refined sunflower oil were determined according to AOCS (1998).
2.10. Oxidative stability of sunflower oil enriched with carotenoids from flower powder or its extract using Rancimat method at 110 °CTOP
The oxidative stability was assessed by measuring the induction time (h), in a Rancimat apparatus (Metrohm AG Series 679, Herison, Switzerland) according to the AOCS Official Method Cd 12b-92 (AOCS, 1998). Each sample of sunflower oil (3 g) was heated to 110 ± 2 °C and subjected to air-flow at 20 L/h. The collected polar volatile compounds in water increased its conductivity (μS/cm). Conductivity was measured throughout the analysis. Oxidative stability was compared with that of sunflower oil supplemented with 200 ppm BHT. The induction time was determined from the inflection point of the conductivity curve. The relative stability was calculated according to the following formula:
Relative stability = Induction time of the sample oil/Induction time of the control.
2.11. Statistical analysisTOP
All the experiments were carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed as the mean value ± SD. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the significance of differences at P < 0.05.
3.1. Visible scanningTOP
The visible spectra of the hexane extracts from 10 min to 50 min extraction time were recorded from 405 nm to 505 nm. The rate of the extracted carotenoids decreased to < 10 μg carotenoids/min after 50 min. The obtained visible spectra are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Visible spectra of the carotenoid extracts obtained with plant material/solvent ratio 1:20 (a, b, c) and 1:30 (d, e, f) at each investigated ultrasonic intensity (10%, 20%, 30% of the maximal output power), respectively, using magnetic stirring (S) or combination of ultrasonic and magnetic stirring (US). The values refer to a single determination for each treatment.
The spectra illustrated three characteristic absorption peaks at 448 nm and 470 nm and a shoulder at 427 nm with the maximum absorption at 448 nm. These spectra are in agreement with those found by Sricharoen et al., (2016) for β-carotene. The extracts obtained by magnetic stirring only or at low material solvent ratio or at a short extraction time or at high ultrasonic intensity showed low levels of absorption indicating low carotenoid concentration. The extract that was obtained with the highest level of carotenoids in a nearly short time (50 min) was selected for further analysis.
3.2. HPLC analysis TOP
The selected extract with the highest level of carotenoids was analyzed by HPLC for the confirmation and quantification of β-carotene in this extract (1:20 plant material/solvent ratio, 10% ultrasonic intensity for 50 min) (Figure 2). The concentration of β-carotene was found to be 31.86 μg/mL.
Figure 2. HPLC chromatograms of the carotenoid-rich extract (a), and the standard mixture of β-carotene, lycopene and lutein (b). The values refer to a single determination.
3.3. Effect of extraction timeTOP
The optimization of the extraction time is of great importance to minimize energy costs. The ultrasonic with stirring technique (US+S) was significantly more efficient for the extraction of carotenoids than stirring (S) alone at each extraction time, regardless of material/solvent ratio as shown in Figure 3. The ultrasound efficiency could be due to its capability to penetrate and rupture the cell walls and improve the mass transfer of soluble constituents from solid material to solvent phase (Wang and Weller, 2006). Extending extraction time from 10 to 120 min with or without ultrasonic caused a significant increase in the extracted carotenoids, regardless of the material/solvent ratio used.
Figure 3. Total carotenoid yield obtained after different extraction times using magnetic stirring (S) or combination of ultrasonic and magnetic stirring (US+S) with plant material/solvent ratio 1:20 (a) and 1:30 (b) at each ultrasonic intensity (10%, 20% and 30%). The experiment was carried out in triplicate; n = 3. Values are given as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Duncan test. Different letters on bars indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The highest yield of total carotenoids was obtained with a material/solvent ratio of 1:20 at 10% ultrasonic intensity for 120 min. The yield of extracted carotenoids using material/solvent ratio of 1:20 at 20% ultrasonic intensity for 100 min was significantly higher than that obtained at the same intensity for a longer time (120 min). Since the rate of extracting carotenoids decreased to <10 μg carotenoids/min only when extraction time was extended from 50 min to 120 min, this time was selected as the optimal time for the maximum extraction of carotenoids from petals. In other words, extending the extraction time from 50 min to 120 min enhanced the extraction of carotenoids by less than 6%, regardless of the extraction conditions used. This result is in agreement with that found by Ye et al., (2011).
3.4. Effect of ultrasonic intensity (%)TOP
Increasing ultrasonic intensity by higher than 10% of the maximum output power (energy density 0.73 W/L) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the extracted carotenoids regardless of the material/solvent ratio (Figure 4). Although this low intensity required a longer extraction time, its effect on the product stability is less pronounced than high ultrasonic intensity as reported by Tiwari et al., (2010). At the same time, the extraction performed using 1:20 ratio, ultrasonic intensity 20% (energy density 1.46 W/L) or higher for 120 min did not significantly increase the total carotenoid yield that was obtained with conventional stirring only for the same duration. Increasing ultrasonic intensity from 20% (energy density 1.46 W/L) to 30% (energy density 2.44 W/L) using a material/solvent ratio of 1:30 for 80 min caused a significant increase in the extracted carotenoids, while after 120 min extraction it did not significantly affect the total carotenoid yield.
Figure 4. Total carotenoid yield obtained by different ultrasonic intensity (10%, 20% and 30%) using magnetic stirring (S) or combination of ultrasonic and magnetic stirring (US+S) with plant material/solvent ratio 1:20 (a) and 1:30 (b) at each extraction time (10, 30, 50, 80, 100 and 120 min). The experiment was carried out in triplicate; n = 3. Values are given as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Duncan test. Different letters on bars indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Raso et al., (1999) reported that higher acoustic intensity caused a scattering of ultrasonic waves and a reduction in the extraction yield. High ultrasound intensity causes the formation of radicals, which degrades carotenoids (Saini and Keum, 2018). Therefore, low ultrasonic intensity (10% of the maximum output power, energy density 0.73 W/L) was selected to eliminate any destruction of the carotenoids present.
3.5. Effect of material/solvent ratioTOP
Decreasing material/solvent ratio from 1:20 to 1:30 was accompanied by a remarkable decrease in the extracted carotenoids throughout the extraction process, regardless of the ultrasonic intensity used. This result could be due to the fact that the increment in solvent/material ratio was not high enough to enhance the mass transfer of carotenoids from the plant material. This result is in agreement with that reported by Sachindra and Mahendrakar (2005). Decreasing the material/solvent ratio negatively affects the ultrasonic energy/unit volume of the solvent and the yield of the extractable material (Raza et al., 2017).
3.6. Antioxidant activities of the flower extractTOP
3.6.1. DPPH radical scavenging activity TOP
This method is based on the ability of the DPPH radical to react with hydrogen donor species. The carotenoid-rich extract indicates its antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. The IC50 of the hexane extract (3.73 μg carotenoids/mL) was ~10 times that of the BHT (IC50= 34.7 μg/mL) as illustrated in Figure 5 a-b. On the other hand, Shabir et al., (2011) studied the antioxidant activity of different solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water) extracts of Delonix regia Raf. flowers and the highest DPPH scavenging activity was recorded for the 80% methanol extract (IC50 value 14.8 μg/mL).
Figure 5. Antioxidant activity of the carotenoid-rich extract of D. regia flower powder (a) and BHT as reference standard (b) against DPPH radicals. The ferric reducing power capacity of the carotenoid-rich extract of D. regia flower powder (c) and BHT as reference standard (d). Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate measurements; n = 3. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
3.6.2. Ferric reducing power activity TOP
The reducing power assay indicates the high antioxidant activity of the investigated carotenoid-rich extract. The IC50 of the extract (1.36 μg carotenoids/mL) represented ~3 times that of BHT (IC50= 3.37 μg/mL) as shown in Figure 5 c-d. Shabir et al., (2011) showed that the 80% methanol extract from Delonix regia flowers had a low reducing power value (IC50~ 4 mg/mL).
3.7. Oxidative stability of sunflower oilTOP
Many physical and chemical methods are used to assess the degree of oil deterioration (oxidation). The acid value (0.38 mg KOH/g oil), and peroxide value (0.66 meq O2/Kg oil) of the investigated refined sunflower oil (with no added antioxidants) indicate its freshness and its high quality according to the Codex Alimentarius Standards (Codex Alimentarius, 2015). Rancimat test as an accelerated technique is used for measuring the oxidative stability of oils and fats at an elevated temperature and high flow rate of air. The induction time indicates the resistance of oils to oxidative deterioration. The oxidative stability of the sunflower oil samples as affected by different levels of carotenoid-rich extract or infused flower powder is illustrated in Table 1.
|Sample of Sunflower oil
|Induction time (h)
|Relative Stability
|Enriched with 67.46 mg carotenoids/Kg oil
|Enriched with 159.56 mg carotenoids/Kg oil
|Enriched with 10% flower powder (92.57 mg carotenoids/Kg oil)
|Enriched with 20% flower powder (155.72 mg carotenoids/Kg oil)
|BHT (200 mg/Kg oil)
|Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations (n = 3). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
The oxidative stability (induction time) of the sunflower oil sample without added extract (control) was 8.65 h. The oxidative stability of sunflower oil increased by 50% (relative stability ~ 1.5) when it was enriched with 67.46 mg carotenoids/kg oil (using carotenoid-rich extract) or with 155.72 mg carotenoids/kg oil (by infusion of oil with 20% flower powder for 20 days at 5 °C).
On the other hand, sunflower oil supplemented with BHT at 200 ppm had a relative stability of 1.26. This indicates the highest antioxidant efficiency of the carotenoid-rich extract compared to BHT.
This plant extract effectively stabilized sunflower oil against rancidity and the results could be compared with the findings of Upadhyay and Mishra (2015), who increased the oxidative stability of sunflower oil (by about 36%) by blending with sage (Salvia officinalis) oleoresin at 200 ppm. Upadhyay et al., (2017) delayed the thermo-degradation of sunflower oil during frying (18 h) by the synergistic combination of oleoresin rosemary, as a natural antioxidant, and ascorbyl palmitate. Induction period values of the oil blend decreased significantly at the end of frying by 1.5 times reduction instead of 5 times reduction in the control sample. Meanwhile, the UAE of ground dried tomato waste (containing the skin and seeds of ripe tomato) into refined sunflower oil at 5% (w/v) for 50 min at 20 °C increased its induction time by 19% (Nour et al., 2018).
The infusion of flower petals into the investigated oil caused the migration of pigments from petals to oil. Saini and Keum (2018) reported that vegetable oil enriched with carotenoids could be used as a pigmented oil in food formulations. Sachindra and Mahendrakar (2010) extracted carotenoids from shrimp waste using sunflower oil. They reported that the addition of carotenoid carriers to fish sausage enhanced the color and flavor of the product.
The addition of a higher level of carotenoid-rich extract to oil (159.56 mg carotenoids/Kg oil) lowered the oxidative stability of the oil by 11% (relative stability = 0.89), indicating the pro-oxidant activity of this level as reported by Polyakov et al., (2001) and Nour et al., (2018), who found that carotenoids act as a pro-oxidant at a high concentration.
The results of this study indicate that the independent factors in the ultrasound extraction had a significant effect on the extraction yield of carotenoids from the petals of Delonix regia. The combination of ultrasound and magnetic stirring (US+S) significantly increased the extraction yield compared to conventional stirring (S). The relatively high material/solvent ratio and low intensity of ultrasonic were efficient for maximum extraction yield. DPPH, FRAP assays and the oxidative stability of sunflower oil measured by the Rancimat reflects the high efficiency of carotenoid-rich extract as natural antioxidant compared to synthetic antioxidant (BHT) with its known side effects. The carotenoid-rich extract turned out to be pro-oxidant at a high level.
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SOUTH Africa made a winning start to their Women's World Cup campaign with a three-wicket victory over Pakistan in Leicester on Sunday.
They laid the foundations in the field by holding Pakistan to 206 for eight in their full 50 overs.
The total, and Bibi Nahida's top-score of 79, were both Pakistan records at a Women's World Cup.
But targets of around 200 now rarely present problems for leading women's sides, although this one did leave South Africa with a national record World Cup chase.
They were well on their way to victory, however, when World Cup debutant Laura Wolvaardt (52) and Lizelle Lee (60) shared an opening stand of 113.
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The loss of six wickets for 49 runs, including three run-outs, gave Pakistan hope of an improbable success.
But Shabnim Ismail struck three fours in the penultimate over as South Africa won with six balls to spare.
"I looked calm but I was very nervous out there," said Ismail. "I just wanted to get it over and done with."
Pakistan captain Sana Mir added: "I think it was a great effort by the girls, the way they fought it out. We lacked in all three departments though.
"We were 20 runs short but the bowlers came chipping in with wonderful overs but there were a couple of missed catches."
Saturday saw India launch the 11th Women's World Cup with a surprise 35-run win over tournament hosts and three-time champions England in Derby.
Meanwhile New Zealand thrashed Sri Lanka by nine wickets at Bristol. Reigning champions Australia begin their bid for a seventh World Cup crown against the West Indies — the team that beat them in last year's World Twenty20 final — in Taunton on Monday.
All the eight teams involved will play each other the once, with the top four contesting the semi-finals.
The final takes place at Lord's on July 23.


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Millennium Section at Glass Room
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Roped-off to the rest of the main room to give a real sense of exclusivity and surrounded by glass, this offers the best seats on the river Thames.
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Designed by Tom Dixon Design, Glass Room creates an original environment, intimately connected with the fabric of our city. Sail past iconic landmarks while enjoying our three course festive meal.
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VATICAN CITY (CNS) — The Vatican confirmed that Pope Francis will visit the eastern African nation of Mozambique and the island nations of Madagascar and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean Sept. 4-10.
Accepting invitations on behalf of the bishops and heads of state in the three countries, the Vatican said March 27, the pope will visit the capital cities: Maputo, Mozambique; Antananarivo, Madagascar; and Port Louis, Mauritius.
A detailed program for the visit will be published later.
Meanwhile, the Vatican press office released the logos and themes of his visit to each country.
The theme "Hope, Peace and Reconciliation" with an image of a dove featured on the logo for the trip to Mozambique is meant to symbolize the peace the country seeks to hold onto after years of civil war.
For Madagascar logo, the pope is pictured on a background showing a dry landscape adorned with the local baobab tree and the native ravenala plant. It reflects in part how the nation has been a land of missionaries and witnesses to the Gospel who were killed for their faith, five of whom are pictured next to the pope. The theme is "Sower of peace and hope."
The theme, "Pilgrim of Peace" for Mauritius, uses a logo of the nation's flag, meant to unite the different ethnic groups living there, along with a dove and the pope waving to the people.
In the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique, 30 percent of the people are Catholic, 40 percent are of other Christian denominations and 19 percent are Muslim.
About 25 percent of the 25.6 million people in Madagascar are Catholic. In Mauritius, more than 48 percent of the population of 1.3 million people are Hindu, 25 percent Catholic and 17 percent Muslim.
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