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An Introduction to the Sustainable Plant List Planting for Sustainable Landscapes List of Sustainable Trees and Shrubs Index of Common Names Appendix 1: URI Crabapple Tree Disease Evaluations Appendix 2: Tree, Shrub and Vine Selections for Demanding Situations Appendix 3: Cross-reference for Demanding Situations Hardiness Map of New England (USDA Plant Hardiness Zones) 1 3 8 31 34 36 42 49
Why Sustainable?Not long ago, plants from around the world could be introduced into the landscape and provided with the care needed to ensure their long-term beauty and success. Pesticide use was widespread and its effectiveness unquestioned, labor for intensive care was available and affordable, and the supply of natural resources was considered limitless. Much has changed in recent decades; we have become painfully aware of the limits of our natural resources and the
offered as the entire answer. Proper siting, planting and maintenance are necessary for a plant to prosper in the landscape. Therefore, climatic conditions, exposure to sun and wind, subsurface soil and moisture conditions, etc. must be considered when selecting plants for a particular location. Sustainable or not, if one ignores the site and a plants cultural requirements, that plant will suffer.
before some of the newer plants are readily available in the trade. Many of our favorite plants are not on the list, because serious pests threaten their existence or their maintenance requirements are too high for them to be considered sustainable. That doesnt mean that we wont include a few of them in our landscapes. Life would be indeed dull without a rose, but most of us would not want to maintain a half-acre of them. Plants with occasional pest problems or those with relatively minor problems are included on the list with cautionary notes. It is only those plants with lifethreatening or chronic pest problems that are omitted from the list, along with seriously invasive species. The list is not intended to eliminate the production of high maintenance plants with desirable traits. Instead, it is intended to encourage the broader distribution of plants which seem to be better suited to satisfying not only our horticultural requirements, but also our environmental concerns.
There is renewed interest in native plants (those found growing outside of cultivation in this region during pre-Colonial times) which often are better acclimated, less pest prone and more favorable for native wildlife than exotic plants. Native plants are identified in Appendix 2. However, it should be noted that many exotic insect and disease pests have been introduced in the past 300 years. They have virtually eliminated some of our native plants and become serious pests of others. In these cases, it is useful to look to other parts of the world where plants have evolved resistance to these pests. Even without introduced pests, some native plants have problems in our landscapes where they are far removed from their natural environments. A fabulous forest shrub can have serious difficulties when sited between a driveway and a sidewalk. It is likely that a sustainable landscape will feature many native plants, but we think there are many non-natives which should be considered as well.
upon site requirements and planting specifications, each form has its advantages and disadvantages. Bare root plants have had the soil shaken from their roots after digging. Most bare root trees and shrubs are purchased by mail order and planted during the dormant season, before roots and buds begin to grow. Since there is no soil on the roots, it is vital that they be kept moist, and if not planted immediately, that they be stored cold (32 40F) with moist packing around the roots. When planted, the roots of bare root plants should be spread evenly in the planting hole. Container grown plants have been grown for months or years in the container in which they are sold. Container growing is becoming very popular in the nursery trade. Container grown plants may be planted anytime the soil is workable, but mayS U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9 3
need special attention to correct compacted or circling roots. When selecting container grown trees and shrubs, always check the roots. For example, not all plants purchased in containers are container grown. Often bare root trees or shrubs are potted in containers, grown for a short time and sold from the nursery. If they are not held for at least a year, the roots may not have established in the container. On the other hand, if plants are grown in their container for too long, the roots may have grown in circles. These roots must be separated and spread out during planting. If the roots are densely matted, the outside of the root mass should be sliced vertically with a sharp knife in a few places to help separate the roots. And unless the container is biodegradable, such as a natural peat pot, it must be removed before planting. If properly watered and maintained, container grown trees can be planted any time of the year. Early fall planting is especially advantageous because the roots can begin to establish before the plant goes dormant for winter. Early spring, before bud break, is also a good time to plant because the roots begin to grow immediately, and light, temperature and soil moisture levels are optimal. Perhaps the most important factor in successfully transplanting container grown trees is maintaining adequate (not excessive) soil moisture, which encourages roots to grow into the surrounding soil. Many trees and shrubs are dug in the nursery with root balls intact and wrapped with burlap. Be aware that as much as 95% of the absorbing roots can be lost in digging, though some roots are preserved in the root ball. When selecting a balled and burlapped plant, be sure the ball is solid, with little or no movement of the trunk. The burlap4 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
used to wrap the root ball holds the soil ball together and keeps the roots from drying out. Natural fiber burlap is biodegradable and may be left in the hole, though it should be rolled back and completely covered with soil. Some nurseries use treated burlap or synthetic burlap which must be removed at planting. All twine or rope holding the burlap together or tied around the trunk must be removed to avoid girdling. Some larger balled and burlapped trees come in wire baskets that keep the ball together during handling. Although the baskets do not have to be removed, it is best to cut the upper rows when planting. This eliminates interference with rakes or lawn mowers if the tree is planted shallow, and allows roots to grow and spread freely near the surface.
Planting$ THE PLANTING HOLEnstalling trees and shrubs properly involves more than just digging holes and setting in plants. The quality of the planting hole will determine the long term health of the root system, and thereby the entire plant. In general, the planting hole should be at least 18 to 24 inches wider in diameter than the root ball. If the soil is compacted or of poor quality, the hole should be even larger, i.e., 3 to 5 times the width of the root ball. The hole should be wider at the
top than the bottom, with sloped walls, because most of the root growth will be shallow and horizontal. Planting too deeply can stress the plant and drown or suffocate the roots. The easiest way to avoid this is never to dig the hole deeper than the root ball. Soft fill should not be left in the bottom of the hole, as the root ball will settle. In almost all types of soil, the tree should be planted slightly shallow, with the top 2-3 inches of the root ball sitting above the surrounding soil grade. Remember, the planting site will be covered with 2-3 inches of mulch by the time you are finished planting. Drainage is also an important consideration in successful planting. Poor drainage kills more plants than any other cause. A poorly prepared planting hole may act as a dish and hold water, especially in clay soils. Oxygen levels are low in the bottom of such holes and not conducive to healthy root growth. Do not put gravel in the bottom of the planting hole; it does not aid drainage.
Large pockets of air can allow roots to dry out. Firm the soil so that the plant is vertical and adequately supported, but do not pack the soil. Water thoroughly while backfilling. The remaining soil should be mounded into a berm, on the outer edge of the hole, to collect water over the root zone, especially on sloped sites. Remove all tags or labels so that they will not girdle the trunk or branches as the plant grows.
$ MULCHINGfter filling the planting basin with water and letting it drain, fill the basin with 2 to 3 inches of an organic mulch. This will conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature extremes, and reduce competition from weeds and turf. Many organic mulches such as pine needles, bark or wood chips are fine. Make certain the mulch is not touching the plant stem, as this could promote bark decay, crown rot, winter injury or rodent damage. Do not use black plastic or landscape fabric under the mulch, since these materials, sooner or later, restrict water movement and oxygen availability to the roots.
andle roots carefully during planting small absorbing roots are easily broken. Check balled and burlapped plants to ensure the roots originate near the surface of the ball. When setting the plant in the hole, make sure these roots are no deeper than the soil grade.
$ BACKFILLINGn most cases, it is best to backfill the hole with the same soil that came out of the hole. Research has shown that soil amendments usually do not improve plant establishment or growth. However, if the natural soil is extremely poor, topsoil may be the only alternative. Strive to match the backfill soil type to the soil type of the site, as closely as possible. Backfilling with a sandy loam in heavy clay soils may cause the planting hole to collect water and suffocate the roots. If soil must be brought to the site, or the backfill must be amended, the hole should be extra wide. This will allow for several years growth within the new soil. While backfilling, work the soil around the ball so that no air pockets remain.
$ W AT E R A N D F E RT I L I Z E Rlanting is a major operation from which most trees and shrubs recover slowly. A major portion of the root system is lost in digging, and the plant must reestablish sufficient roots to sustain itself. During this period, the plants ability to obtain and transport water and minerals is greatly reduced, which results in varying degrees of water stress and transplant shock. For this reason, proper watering is key to the survival of newly planted trees and shrubs. If rainfall is not sufficient (generally 1 inchS U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9 5
per week), the tree should be watered every five to seven days. A slow gentle soaking of the root zone is preferable. The watering schedule should be appropriate for the soil type and drainage remember that excess water in the planting hole is a leading cause of transplant death. Since the root system functions of a newly planted tree are limited, fertilization often is not recommended at the time of planting. Excessive fertilizer in the root zone can be damaging, so do not add fertilizer to the backfill. If fertilizer must be used at planting or in the first growing season, apply a controlled-release fertilizer or liquid feed. Fertilizing in the fall when the roots are active can be beneficial. However, most plants received from the nursery require no fertilizer in the first year of establishment.
lants grow and establish fastest if pruning is minimized at planting. Beyond the removal of broken or damaged branches, it is usually best to avoid heavy pruning.
ost shrubs do not need to be supported after planting. In general, trees under 8 feet height do not need support either. In fact, staking can have detrimental effects on the development of trunk taper and root growth. Too often, staking materials end up injuring or girdling the tree. Trees may be supported by up to three stakes. If a single stake is used, it should be placed on the upwind side of the tree. The material used to attach the tree to the stake should be broad, smooth and somewhat elastic. The tree may be attached to the stake at several points along the trunk. However, do not stake the tree too rigidly, as the tree will develop a less sturdy root system and be more subject to girdling. If two support stakes are used, a single, flexible tie attached to the tops of the stakes will be sufficient. Triple staking provides more protection against strong wind and lawn mowers. Support stakes and guy wires generally should be removed after one growing season. If staking is left in place for more than two years, the trees ability to stand alone may be reduced and the chances of girdling injury are increased.Planting guidelines are based on information found in the International Society for Arboriculture Arborists Certification Study Guide, the Penn State University Master Gardener Manual and Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs and Vines by Richard W. Harris.
Violet-purple, 2-3" long cones are striking. More heat tolerant than most firs. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Sun/part shade. Abies procera Zone 5-6 Noble Fir 50-100' x 20-30'
Very heat tolerant. Susceptible to spruce mites. Abies cilicica Zone 5-6 Cilician Fir 60-70' x 20-30'
Tolerates heavy clay soils, cold temperatures. Tolerant of high pH soil. Can be invasive.
Prefers moist, deep, cool soil. Not tolerant of high pH or wind. Sun/part shade. Glauca has extremely glaucous foliage. Becomes a large tree. Susceptible to spruce mites. Native to Western US. Abies veitchii Zone 3-6 Veitch Fir 30-60' x 25-35'
Abies concolor
Prefers moist, deep, cool soil. Not tolerant of high pH but tolerates semi-urban conditions. Sun/part shade. Susceptible to spruce mites. Acanthopanax sieboldianus (see Eleutherococcus sieboldianus) Acer buergerianum Zone 5-8 Trident Maple 20-25' x equal spread
Prefers well-drained, acid soil; good drought resistance, full sun. Grows well under utility lines. Attractive bark on mature specimens.
Prefers moist, well-drained, sandy-gravelly loams and full sun. Tolerates heat, drought, cold, intolerant of wet soils. Blue-gray needle color, gray to purple upright cones. Native to Western US. Alternative species for Picea pungens f. glauca (Blue Spruce) which is vulnerable to Cooley spruce gall adelgid.S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
Acer buergerianum
Adaptable species, prefers average garden soils but tolerates dry conditions and compaction, acid-alkaline, sunlight shade, withstands shearing. Grows well under utility lines. Acer ginnala Zone 3-8 Amur Maple 15-18' x equal spread
Adaptable to a wide range of conditions, drought tolerant once established, sun/light shade. Many attributes similar to A. ginnala. Acer triflorum Zone 5-7 Three-flower Maple 20-30' x equal spread
Popular small tree. Very cold hardy, shade and high pH tolerant. May be grown in containers. Acer griseum Paperbark Maple Zone 5-7 20-30' x 1/ 2 to equal spread Full sun/partial shade, prefers moist well-drained soils. Relatively maintenance free. Outstanding cinnamon-colored exfoliating bark and red-scarlet fall foliage offer year round interest in the landscape. Slow growing specimen tree. Acer palmatum Acer japonicum Zone 5-8
Moist, acid soils, full sun/partial shade. A good small tree with exfoliating bark, the trifoliate leaves develop a warm yellow to red color in the fall. Good for many different landscape uses. Acer truncatum Zone 4-8 Purpleblow Maple 20-25' x less spread
Small, rounded, relatively hardy tree. Potentially drought and urban tolerant. Young purple leaves change to green, yellow-orange-red fall color. Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye Zone 4-8 8-12' x 8-15' Prefers moist, well-drained soils with high organic matter, drought intolerant, pH adaptable, prefers acid, sun/shade. Large white flowers in June-July. Overall growth habit is clumping as it suckers readily from the base. Good yellow fall color. Native. Aesculus pavia Zone 5-8 Red Buckeye 10-20' x equal spreadBOTTLEBRUSH BUCKEYE
Aesculus parviflora
Acer griseum
Moist, well-drained soils high in organic matter, full sun to dappled shade. Dissectum types scorch in full sun if drought stressed. Protect from wind and late frosts. Sited properly, this is an excellent low maintenance plant. Red leaf forms seem to be somewhat more hardy and stress tolerant than green leaf forms. Acer pennsylvanicum Zone 3-7 Striped Maple 15-20' x equal spread
Large shrub or short tree. Prefers semi-shaded woods with well-drained, cool, moist, slightly acid soil. Good native for naturalizing. Green and white striped bark with vibrant yellow fall foliage. Acer rubrum Zone 3-9 Swamp/Red Maple 40-60' x equal spread
Prefers moist, well-drained soils, full sun/light shade, red flowers in 4-8" panicles in mid spring. Variability in flower color in the species, Atrosanguinea has consistent deep red flowers. Native. Alnus incana Alnus rugosa Zone 3-6 White Alder Speckled Alder 40-60' x 20-40'
Tolerates most soils but prefers moist, acid conditions. Excellent for wet conditions. In full sun it will develop clear red fall foliage. Many excellent cultivars available, e.g., October Glory, Red Sunset and Freeman hybrids.
Prefers moist to wet soils, full sun/light shade, pH tolerant, does well on infertile sites as it fixes nitrogen. Several cultivars of A. incana available, including Aurea with yellow leaves and Laciniata, a bright green cut-leaf form. Especially useful for wet or naturalized areas although may be somewhat invasive in the northeast. A. rugosa is a native shrub that reaches 15-20' and is useful for wetland plantings.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Zone 2-5 6-12" x 2-4' Does best in poor, dry, sandy soils, difficult to transplant, full sun, acidic conditions. Salt tolerant. Does well in containers. Native.
Prefers moist, acid soils, good for wet and/or naturalized areas; not particularly stress tolerant. Sun/shade. Newer cultivars are reported to be less subject to pest and disease pressure. Generally multi-stemmed with white flowers in early spring followed by purple-black berries in summer. Good fall foliage. Native.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Amelanchier arborea
Aristolochia macrophylla ( formerly A. durior) Dutchman's Pipe Zone 4-8 20-30' Vigorous climbing vine with large leaves and unusual yellow-green and purple flowers. Full sun to partial shade. Requires moist soils. Native to Southeast. Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Zone 4-9 Red Chokeberry Black Chokeberry 6-10' x 3-5', suckering
Adaptable; tolerates wet or dry soils. Best fruit production in full sun. Good for massing or naturalizing. White flower clusters in spring, red berries persisting into winter. A. melanocarpa is a smaller shrub with black fruit. Both native. Azalea (see Rhododendron) Baccharis halimifolia Zone 5-9 Groundsel-bush 5-12' x equal spread
Deciduous shrub with leggy growth habit. Transplants easily. Does well in poor, sandy, dry soils. pH adaptable. Full sun. Possibly salt tolerant. Cut back in late winter. Spreads easily. Purple-blue flowers. A. canescens smaller, hardier but treated as a herbaceous perennial. Andromeda polifolia Zone 2-6 Bog Rosemary 1-2' x 2-3'
Unusual, native, semi-evergreen shrub. Does well in poor soil. Salt tolerant. Good filler plant for areas with poor soil. Berberis x chenaultii Zone 5-8 Chenault Barberry 3-4' x slightly larger spread
Slow growing, evergreen shrub. Foliage leathery dark green and flowers white tinged pink, 1/4" long and urn shaped. Prefers peaty or sandy, moist, cool soil. Full sun/light shade. Good for naturalizing. Native. Aralia spinosa Zone 4-9 Hercules-Club 10-20'
Low growing, dense, evergreen shrub. Dark green leaves turn rich bronze-red in fall. Prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acid soil. Sun to part shade. Berberis julianae Zone 6-8 Wintergreen Barberry 6-8' x 8-10'
Tolerant of adverse soil conditions, full sun/light shade, pH tolerant. Spiny stems and pinnately compound leaves that reach 64" in length. Careful siting required as it suckers from roots. Native to Pennsylvania and south.
Tolerant of most soil conditions except wet. Full sun/light shade. Attractive yellow flowers and dark green spiny evergreen leaves. May show winter damage in exposed, windy locations; considered the hardiest of the evergreen barberries. Best left unpruned; makes an effective thorny hedge.
Berberis julianae
Buxus species prefer loamy, well-drained soils. Root systems are near surface and should not be disturbed. Full sun to partial shade. Callicarpa dichotoma Zone 5-8 Purple Beautyberry 3-4' x 6'
Moist, well-drained soils, full sun for best fruiting; should be pruned hard in late winter for best fruiting effects. Produces abundant purple berries on arching branches in the fall. Calycanthus floridus Zone 5-9 Carolina Allspice 6-9' x 6-12'
Callicarpa dichotoma
Adaptable to many soils, pH adaptable, sun/shade. Produces fragrant maroon flowers in late spring. If possible, check fragrance of blooming plants before buying. Campsis radicans Trumpet Vine, Trumpet Creeper Zone 4-9 Climbing 30-40' high by aerial rootlets Vigorous, deciduous, clinging vine. Grows very fast and needs frequent pruning. Adaptable and salt tolerant. Rich orange and scarlet, trumpet shaped flowers in mid-summer. Native.
Culture similar to B. julianae; stiff, upright growth habit, dark green leathery foliage, semi-evergreen. Best left unpruned. Excellent hedge or barrier shrub. Berberis verruculosa Zone 6-8 Warty Barberry 3-6' x equal spread
Forms a dense evergreen shrub. Leaves dark green above, whitish underneath turning purple in winter. Good compact growth, useful as hedging material, may show winter damage in exposed, windy locations. Flowers are golden yellow, fruit black. Betula alleghaniensis Betula lenta Zone 3-7 Yellow Birch Sweet Birch 60-75' and 40-55' x 35-45'
Prefers rich, moist, slightly acid, well-drained soils. Resistant to bronze birch borer. Golden yellow fall color. Native. Betula nigra Zone 4-9 River Birch 40-70' x 40-60'
Less susceptible to leaf miner than Paper birch, resistant to bronze birch borer which kills Paper birch in Southern RI; prefers moist well-drained soils but tolerates dry conditions once established. The Heritage birch, Cully, is a superior cultivar with exfoliating bark that is a lighter salmon color than the species. It is a rapid grower once established in the landscape. Native.
Betula nigra
Very easy to grow. Tolerates cold, salt, poor soil, drought, alkalinity, wind. Good for hedge, screen or windbreak. Bright yellow flowers in mid-May. Carpinus betulus Zone 4-7 European Hornbeam 40-60' x 30-40'
Evergreen. Moist, well-drained soil, tolerates drought once established. Shade tolerant. Deer resistant substitute for yew, juniper and holly. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Zone 4-8 Katsuratree 40-60' x 20-30'
Tolerates wide range of soil conditions, prefers moist, welldrained soils but moderately drought tolerant once established, full sun/light shade, tolerates shearing. A good landscape tree with smooth gray bark, is often used as hedging or screen. Carpinus caroliniana Zone 4-9 American Hornbeam 20-30' x equal spread
Moist, well-drained soil preferred, may need supplemental water during establishment. Tends to develop multistemmed character if not trained to a single trunk. Attractive, heart-shaped leaves emerge red, turn blue-green and change to a beautiful golden to apricot fall color. Cercis canadensis Zone 4-9 Eastern Redbud 20-30' x 25-35'
Moist, acid soils, tolerates drier sites, partial-deep shade. Smooth gray, beech-like bark, useful as an under-story tree. Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus ovatus Zone 4-8 New Jersey Tea Inland Ceanothus 3-4' x 3-5'
Very handsome small tree blooming purple along branches and trunk. Heart shaped leaves turn yellow in fall. Alternative to Cornus florida. Chaenomeles japonica Zone 5-8 Japanese Flowering Quince 3' x wide spreading
Low, dense shrub with dark green leaves and white flowers in July. Full sun to shade. Tolerates dry soil. C. ovatus is denser than C. americanus, and has fruit turning bright red in summer. Native. Cedrus atlantica Cedrus libani Zone 6-9 Atlas Cedar Cedar of Lebanon 40-60' x 30-40'
Flowers orange-red or scarlet on year-old wood. Densely branched. Fruit is greenish yellow and fragrant. Most attractive in flower. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Zone 4-7 Alaska-cedar 30-45' x narrow
Moist, well-drained soil, humid atmosphere, sun. Pendula is a graceful weeping form with dark green foliage.
Large evergreen trees with spreading branches. Prefers moist, well-drained soil. Tolerates acid and alkaline soils and, once established, heat and drought. Sun/part shade. Needs shelter from wind. C. libani is hardy to zone 5.
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
Cedrus atlantica
Moist, well-drained soil, full sun, some protection from wind. Several attractive cultivars available. Chamaecyparis pisifera Zone 4-8 Sawara Falsecypress Variable
Well-drained soils, alkaline conditions, tolerates acidic soils, full sun. Sensitive to drought-heat and compacted soils. Do not prune in spring. Clematis species Zone 4-8 Clematis 5-6' to 18' on appropriate structure
Moist, well-drained, acid soils, full sun, tolerates wind. One of the toughest evergreens for seaside and street side locations. Diverse cultivars available. Chamaecyparis thyoides Zone 3-8 Atlantic Whitecedar 40-50' x 10-20'
Fast growing vines, excellent for trellises, fences, rock walls, etc. Prefers some shade and higher pH soils. Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush Zone 4-9 4-8' x 4-6' Prefers moist, acidic soil supplemented with organic matter, light shade/sun, salt tolerant. Fragrant flowers in late summer; pink flowered and dwarf cultivars are also available. Blooms best in full sun. Native. Clethra barbinervis Japanese Clethra Zone 5-7 10-20' x 8-10' Prefers a soil supplemented with organic matter, considered drought and heat intolerant, full sun/part shade. Attractive, exfoliating bark, fragrant, white flowers in drooping panicles in late summer, maroon fall color. Comptonia peregrina Zone 2-6
Moist soils, full sun; found in wet and boggy areas as a native plant. Chamaedaphne calyculata Zone 3-6 Leatherleaf 2-5'
Native evergreen shrub with sparse, open habit, blueberrylike flowers. Good for naturalizing in semi-shaded, boggy, wet areas. Chionanthus retusus Zone 5-8 Chinese Fringetree 15-25' x equal spread
Moist, well-drained soil, full sun/part shade, tolerates air pollution. Tree form with gray-brown bark, white feathery flowers in June.
Clethra alnifolia
Chionanthus virginicus
Well adapted to poor, dry infertile soils, full sun/light shade. Difficult to transplant, best when container grown. Good for naturalizing or on embankments. Cornus alternifolia Zone 3-7 Chionanthus virginicus Zone 4-9 White Fringetree 12' x 20' Pagoda Dogwood 15-25' x equal spread
Very adaptable to soil types, prefers moist, well-drained, full sun. Grows very wide, careful siting is important. Fragrant creamy-white flowers in June followed by blueblack fruit in September; dioecious. Fruit attractive to birds.
Low branched tree or large shrub with horizontal tiered branching. Plant in part shade although can tolerate sun. Needs moist, cool, acidic soil. Yellowish-white fragrant flowers in May to early June. Great for naturalizing.
Cornus kousa
Dense shrub with fragrant, pale yellow flowers in April before leaves develop. Very nice plant for early spring color and fragrance. C. spicata is smaller but also beautiful in flower. Corylus americana Corylus avellana Corylus cornuta Zone 4-8 American Filbert European Filbert Beaked Filbert 4-30" x similar spread
Multi-stemmed shrub is pH adaptable. Grow in full sun to light shade. Good for naturalizing. C. avellana can be a small tree but usually forms a thicket. Cultivar Contorta most commonly grown, grafted plants tend to sucker. Obtain plants raised from cuttings. C. cornuta has interesting beaked fruits. Corylus colurna Zone 4-7 Turkish Filbert 40-50' x 12-15'
Performs well in moist, acidic soils, does well in sandy soils supplied with organic matter, prefers sun. More drought tolerant and cold hardy than flowering dogwood, resistant to dogwood anthracnose. Blooms after the foliage has emerged in early June, creamy white bracts persist for several weeks; large red gumball fruit effective in the fall. Exfoliating bark on mature specimens. Seeds readily. Cornus x Stellar series or Hybrid Dogwoods are interspecific hybrids developed at Rutgers University and appear to be resistant to dogwood borer and dogwood anthracnose. Bloom times between C. florida and C. kousa. Of the six cultivars, one is pink and the rest are creamy white. Fruitless. Cornus mas Cornus officinalis Zone 4-7 Corneliancherry Dogwood Japanese Cornel 20-25' x 15-20'
Adaptable to adverse conditions, adaptable to pH, very drought tolerant once established. Broadly pyramidal in habit, useful as a street tree. Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Zone 4-8 Common Smoketree American Smoketree 10-15' x10-15'
Large multi-stemmed shrub or small tree with exfoliating bark. Yellow flowers in March. Red fruit. C. officinalis similar with showy exfoliating bark. Cornus racemosa Zone 4-8 Gray Dogwood 10-15' x equal spread
Prefers well-drained soil but will tolerate a wide range of conditions, sun/light shade. Small five-petaled flowers are surrounded by 6-8" pinkish hairs which impart a smokey appearance from late June-August. Several forms are available with differing foliage colors. C. obovatus adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates drought and alkaline soils. Best growth in full sun. Somewhat longer than C. coggygria, outstanding fall foliage. Cotoneaster adpressus Zone 5-7 Creeping Cotoneaster 1-1.5' x 4-6'
Adaptable to wet or dry soils, full sun to deep shade. Spreads by root suckers; adequate space needed. Best for naturalized areas. Most drought tolerant of the native shrub dogwoods.
Moist, well-drained soils, full sun, drought tolerant once established, pH tolerant and adaptable to seaside conditions. Compact ground cover with glossy green leaves, white blossoms in May, red fruits effective in fall and winter. Subject to mites under hot dry conditions. Cotoneaster divaricatus Zone 4-7 Spreading Cotoneaster 5-6' x equal spread
Culture similar to C. adpressus; multi-stemmed shrub with arching branches, dark green foliage with yellow to red fall color; white flowers in May with red fruit effective in the fall and winter. Less subject to pests than others in this genus.14 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
Cotoneaster salicifolius Willowleaf Cotoneaster Zone 6-8 10-15' x 10' Culture similar to C. adpressus; large evergreen shrub with arching branches, dark green foliage turns purple in winter; bright red fruit persist through winter. Usually available as low growing cultivars such as Emerald Carpet, Repens and Scarlet Leader.
Handsome specimen tree. Slow growing and late to flower. Striking large, creamy white bracts look like handkerchiefs fluttering in the breeze. Attractive orange-brown exfoliating bark. Prefers moist, well-drained soils. Deutzia x lemoinei Zone 4-8 Lemoine Deutzia 5-7' x similar spread
Dense shrub with pure white flowers in late May and good yellow fall color. One of the hardiest deutzias. Deutzia gracilis Zone 4-8WILLOWLEAF COTONEASTER
Cotoneaster salicifolius
Tolerates most soil conditions. Prefers well-drained soil, full sun/light shade. White flowers in late May; Nikko is a compact cultivar useful as a groundcover. Deutzia scabra Zone 5-7 Fuzzy Deutzia 6-10' x 4-8'
Tolerates poor soil conditions and windy sites. Less susceptible to pests than other hawthorns. Attractive bark and showy red fruit are good winter characteristics. Cryptomeria japonica Zone 5-8 Japanese Cedar 5' x 20'
Average garden soil, full sun, pH tolerant. White flowers in late May. Several good cultivars available. Diervilla sessilifolia Zone 4-8 Southern Bush Honeysuckle 3-5' x 3-5'
Graceful evergreen. Prefers sun/light shade. Easy to grow in rich, acid, moist soil. Foliage turns bronze in winter. Cultivars retaining green winter color are preferred. Daphne cneorum Zone 4-7 Daphne x burkwoodii Zone 4-7 Daphne caucasica Zone 5-7 Rose Daphne 6-12" x 2' spread Burkwood Daphne 3-4' x equal spread Caucasian Daphne 4-5' x equal spread
Very adaptable to soil conditions, drought and wind tolerant once established, full sun/light shade. Spreads by underground stems, will form a large mass and therefore useful as a ground cover in rough areas. Attractive yellow flowers in midsummer. Dirca palustris Zone 4-9 Leatherwood 3-6' x similar spread
Dense shrub thrives in moist to wet shade areas. Pale yellow flowers in March or April. Native. Disanthus cercidifolius Zone 5-7
A low, trailing evergreen shrub forms loose masses and groundcover. Slow growing in well-drained, moist, neutral pH soil. Prefers light-medium shade. Difficult to transplant. D. cneorums bright rosy-pink, fragrant flowers open in April or May and again in late summer. D. x burkwoodii is a cross between D. cneorum and D. caucasica. Flowers are fragrant and white with a pink tinge. D. caucasica is deciduous and produces very fragrant, long-season white flowers and black or red fruit.
Magnificent, but rare, shrub with small heart shaped leaves turning a rich red purple in fall. Purple flowers in October. Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Zone 4-8 Fiveleaf Aralia 8-10' x 8-10'
Easily transplanted, withstands adverse conditions, tolerates dry soils, clay-sand-acid soils and urban conditions. Sun/ shade. Suckers readily; may be maintenance problem if not sited correctly and allowed ample room, thorny.
Requires moist, acid soil supplemented with organic matter, culture similar to rhododendron, sun/light shade. Bright green, whorled and bell-shaped creamy, red veined, lobed flowers in late May-early June. Bright orange-scarlet fall foliage.
Forsythia species valuable for early spring flowers. pH adaptable and tolerant of urban environments. Plant in full sun for best flowering. Particularly nice in mass plantings or with other spring flowering shrubs or bulbs. Flower buds killed in cold winters. Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla major Zone 4-8 Dwarf Fothergilla Large Fothergilla 2-3' (6-10') x equal spread
Enkianthus campanulatus
Fragrant white bottle-brush flowers in April and May before the leaves develop. Leaves dark blue-green turning florescent yellow, orange and red in the fall. Prefers acid, moist, organic soil in full sun to partial shade. F. major not particularly drought tolerant.
Excellent shade tree. Drought tolerant, full sun, pH adaptable. Evodia daniellii (see Tetradium daniellii)LARGE FOTHERGILLA
Fothergilla major
Prefers well-drained, acid soils, full sun/light shade, drought and heat tolerant once established. Flower buds arranged like pearls along the stem, opening into fivepetaled, white flowers in April. Fagus grandifolia Fagus sylvatica Zone 4-7 American Beech European Beech 50-60' x 50-100'EUROPEAN BEECH
Fagus sylvatica
European beech is more tolerant of various soil conditions than American beech which likes acidic, organic soils. Both prefer full sun. Shallow rooted, big for the average residential landscape but excellent for parks, golf courses, other open spaces; needs room to develop into a mature specimen. Many fine cultivars of European beech available in green and purple leaf forms, weeping, cutleaf, etc.
Franklinia alatamaha
Halesia diptera Halesia monticola Halesia tetraptera ( formerly H. carolina) Zone 4-8
Moist, acid soils, sun/light shade. White, bell-shaped flowers in early spring before foliage emerges. H. tetraptera native. H. diptera is multi-stemmed, rounded tree with pretty, white, bell-shaped flowers. H. monticola much larger (60-80') with larger size fruit and flowers than H. tetraptera but otherwise similar.
Halesia tetraptera
Large, fragrant, white flowers in mid-September. Prefers acid, rich organic, moist, well-drained soils in sun/light shade. Good drainage is crucial for tree to thrive. Leaves orange-mahogany red in fall. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Zone 3-9 Green Ash 50-60' x 25-30' Hammamelis Hammamelis Hammamelis Hammamelis Zone 5-8 x intermedia mollis vernalis virginiana Witchhazel Chinese Witchhazel Vernal Witchhazel Common Witchhazel 15-20'
Tolerates variable soils, salt, high pH, wind. Very adaptable. Yellow fall color. Marshalls Seedless a preferred male cultivar. Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Maidenhair Tree Zone 4-8 50-80' x 30-40' Adaptable to variable soil conditions and high pH. Tolerates air pollution, salt, and heat. Male cultivars preferred as decomGINKGO TREE posing fruit on Ginkgo biloba female trees in the fall are malodorous. Attractive leaves turn clear yellow in fall. Gymnocladus dioicus Zone 3-8 Kentucky Coffeetree 60-75' x 40-50'
Adaptable to various soil conditions but prefers deep, rich loam, full sun, tolerates drought, high pH and urban conditions; a large tree for park-like surroundings. Slow to establish.
Witchhazels are deciduous understory plants blooming in fall (H. virginiana) or late winter. Prefer moist, acidic soils high in organic matter, sun or part shade. Flower colors range from yellow to red. H. x intermedia represents a group of hybrids between H. japonica x H. mollis. Upright spreading plants bloom from late January into mid-March. Arnold Promise, Jelena and Pallida are noteworthy cultivars. H. mollis has yellow, fragrant flowers in February to March. Most fragrant of the Hammamelis WITCHHAZEL Hammamelis species, H. vernalis x intermedia has excellent golden yellow fall color. pH adaptable. H. virginiana is a native shrub and generally prefers moist, acid soils high in organic matter, sun/part shade. Tolerant of urban conditions.
Prefers loamy soil but is adaptable, sun/part shade, urban tolerant. Grandiflora (PeeGee Hydrangea) and Tardiva are improved selections. Extremely long flowering period as the dry flowers persist well into the fall. Potentially invasive.OAK-LEAVED HYDRANGEA SEVEN-SON FLOWER
Hydrangea quercifolia
Heptacondium miconioides
Prefers moist soils but is adaptable. Full sun to part shade. Creamy white fragrant flowers from September to October. Very popular with bees. After flowering, the calyces turn red and are very striking. Hovenia dulcis Zone 5-7 Japanese Raisintree 30' x 20'
Adaptable to various soil conditions. Prefers good drainage and full sun. Fragrant white flowers in summer. Hydrangea anomala subspecies petiolaris Zone 4-7 Climbing Hydrangea Climbing 60-80'
Moist, fertile, well-drained soils, sun/part shade, prefers cool, moist root environment. Snow Queen is an improved selection. Excellent fall color. Hypericum species St. Johnswort Zone 4-8 1- 4' x equal spread Dense shrubs often treated as a perennial. Adaptable to dry, high pH soils. Beautiful yellow summer flowers. Hypericum Hidcote and H. kalmianum are notable varieties. Ilex crenata Zone 5-7
Lovely clinging vine with white flowers in late June to early July. Full sun or shade and moist soils. Excellent for massive effect on brick or stone walls. Slow to establish but then vigorous. Hydrangea arborescens Zone 4-9 Smooth Hydrangea 3-5' x greater spread
Adaptable, prefers well-drained, moist soil, partial shade. Will tolerate full sun if ample moisture is available. Annabelle is an improved selection. Hydrangea macrophylla Zone 6-9 Bigleaf Hydrangea 3-6' x equal spread
Hypericum species
Prefers a moist soil supplemented with organic matter, tolerates coastal conditions, sun/light shade. Pink and blue cultivars available.
Small-leaved evergreen shrub prefers moist, well-drained soil, full sun/part shade, adaptable.
Ilex glabra Inkberry Holly Zone 5-9 6-8' x 8-10' Small-leaved deciduous shrub prefers moist to wet soils, shade tolerant. 'Compacta is a bettershaped plant than the species. Native. Ilex x meserveae hybrids Blue Holly Zone 5-8 Variable spread
Moist, fertile soils, tolerates wet or dry conditions, pH adaptable, full sun/part shade. Cultivar Henrys Garnet sports white flowers in upright spikes in June-July; foliage reddish-purple color in fall.VIRGINIA SWEETSPIRE
Itea virginica
Evergreen shrub prefers Ilex glabra moist, well-drained soil supplemented with organic matter, acid conditions, sun/part shade. Dark blue-green leaves, bright red berries. Well adapted to New England. Many cultivars favored by deer. Ilex pedunculosa Zone 5-8 Longstalk Holly 15-25' x 15'
Prefers moist, acid soil, sun/part shade. Leaves resemble Mountain Laurel, bright red berries on long stalks. Ilex serrata Ilex verticillata Zone 3-9 Finetooth Holly Winterberry 6-10' x equal spread
Moist, well-drained soils, pH adaptable, sun. Salt, drought and wind tolerant. Useful as a groundcover, shrub, screen, etc., depending on the cultivar. Some cultivars susceptible to blights, which can cause serious dieback. The following cultivars are reported to be resistant to one or two of the blights: Foemina (P), Iowa (P), Keteleeri (P), Pfitzeriana-aurea (P+K), Robusta Green (P), var. sargentii (P+K), Gold Coast (K). Juniperus conferta Shore Juniper Zone 6-9 1.5' x spreading Adaptable to poor, dry soils, full sun, salt tolerant, good for coastal locations. Low-growing groundcover, intolerant of wet soils. Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Zone 3-9 15-30' x 8-10' Adaptable to poor, droughty soils, pH adaptable, full sun, salt tolerant. Alternate host for cedar-apple rust. Tough native plant for screening, naturalizing, coastal planting.
Deciduous shrubs. Prefer moist, acid soils supplemented with organic matter, does well under wet conditions, also in lighter soils but is considered drought intolerant, sun/light shade. Plants are dioecious, both sexes required for pollination and berry production. Many cultivars available; fruit colors up after the first frost and is often retained through the winter. Tolerates heavy pruning; fruits on new wood. The hybrid Sparkleberry, a National Arboretum introduction, is noted for WINTERBERRY its persistent Ilex verticillata berries.
Juniperus virginiana
Requires acid, moist soil supplemented with organic matter, good drainage, full sun to shade. A good native plant if sited correctly. Many new cultivars available; red and pink flowered forms need full sun to develop good flower color.
Prefers moist, well-drained, acid soils. Will not tolerate heat, shade or pollution. L. laricina only grows to 40-80', less heat tolerant. Ledum groenlandicum Zone 2-5 Labrador Tea 2-4' x equal spread
Dwarf evergreen shrub forms a rounded mass. Prefers moist, sandy, peaty soils in sun to part shade. Transplants easily. Pure white flowers in May-June. Leucothoe species Leucothoe Zone 5-8 2-6' x equal spread depending on species Broadleaf, evergreen shrub that is good for naturalizing. Prefers moist, acid soil, partial to full shade.MOUNTAIN-LAUREL
Kalmia latifolia
Leucothoe species
Moist soils, full sun. Tolerant of alkaline soil and long lived. Coarse textured plant provides tropical effect in the landscape. Kerria japonica Zone 4b-9 Japanese Kerria 3-6' x 6-9' Lindera benzoin Zone 4-9 Spicebush 6-12' x equal spread
Hearty, free-flowing shrub. Plant in full sun/part shade. Pleniflora has double, golden yellow flowers and grows in an upright, lanky form. Best grown unpruned except thinning. Koelreuteria paniculata Zone 5-9 Goldenraintree 30-40' x equal spread
Prefers acid, moist soils in full sun/partial shade. Small greenish-yellow flowers appear in early spring. Bright green leaves turn bright yellow in fall. Fruit bright red in late September to October. Liquidambar styraciflua Zone 6-9 American Sweetgum 60-75' x 2-3 spread
Adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates drought, heat, wind, pH and air pollution. Yellow blossoms in midsummer followed by lantern-like seed capsules in fall. Kolkwitzia amabilis Zone 4-8 Beautybush 6-10' x 8'
Difficult to transplant and needs large area for root development. Beautiful, glossy green leaves with rich yellow-purple fall color. Messy fruit. Liriodendron tulipifera Zone 4-9 Tuliptree 70-90' x 35-50'
Adaptable to a variety of soil conditions; prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun. Usually requires annual pruning of older canes to retain form and prevent legginess, or cut back to ground.
Large tree. Full sun, pH adaptable. Prefers moist soils. Golden yellow fall color. Beautiful green-orange flowers do not appear until tree matures.
Fast growing, twining vine. Orange-red to red to yellow flowers in early spring. Great for hummingbirds. Maackia amurensis Zone 4-7 Amur Maackia 20-30' x equal spread
Does well in moist, acid soil. Prefers shade and protection from wind. Bright yellow flowers in April, attractive blue fruit in autumn.
Very adaptable, full sun, pH and drought tolerant. Magnolia acuminata Zone 3-8 Cucumbertree Magnolia 50-80' x equal spread
Malus species
Prefers moist, well-drained acid soils, but performs well in calcareous soils also. Not tolerant of extreme drought or wetness, or air pollution. Native. Magnolia species Zone 5-8 Magnolia 15-40' x equal spread Malus species Zone 4-7 Crabapple Varies with cultivar
Many species and cultivars available. Most prefer moist, well drained soil but can be tolerant of high pH. Sun/part shade. M. x loebneri particularly urban tolerant.
Quite adaptable to many soil types but prefers welldrained, acid conditions, full sun, salt tolerant. The best crabapples flower annually and are disease resistant. See Appendix 1 for a listing. Crabapples are particularly attractive to Japanese beetle adults, and may need protection when beetle populations are high. Metasequoia glyptostroboides Zone 5-8 Dawn Redwood 70-100' x 25'
Deciduous conifer suitable for large areas. Attractive orange-brown fall color. Prefers deep, well-drained, slightly acid soils. Full sun.
Ashe Magnolia Yulan Magnolia Kobus Star Loebner Saucer Oyama Magnolia Magnolia Magnolia Magnolia Magnolia
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Does well in wet soils, considered drought intolerant, prefers acid soil, tolerates light shade. Semi-evergreen in protected areas. Native.
Low growing evergreen shrub, bright green summer foliage turning purple-brown in winter. Graceful branchlets arranged in flat sprays. Prefers moist soils, tolerant of shade, very cold hardy.RUSSIAN ARBORVITAE
Prefers moist, well-drained soils but tolerates wet soils, will also grow on upland areas. Full sun/light shade. Difficult to transplant. Excellent orange-scarlet fall foliage. Ostrya virginiana American Hop Hornbeam, Ironwood 25-40' x 15-30'
Microbiota decussata
Zone 4-9
Prefers moist, well-drained soils, slightly acid. Tolerates dry conditions once established, full sun/part shade. One of the most drought tolerant and salt resistant small trees. Difficult to transplant. Oxydendrum arboreum Zone 5-9 Sourwood 25-30' x 20'
Prefers moist, well-drained soils, slightly acid, tolerates dry conditions, full sun/part shade. Drooping flower clusters in mid-summer; excellent burgundy fall foliage. Myrica pensylvanica Zone 3-6 Northern Bayberry 5-12' x equal spread
Does extremely well in poor sandy soils, may adapt to heavy soils, full sun/light shade. Salt tolerant. Myrica gale, or Sweetgale, is a low growing (2-4') deciduous shrub native to Rhode Island.
Oxydendrum arboreum
Myrica pensylvanica
One of the best evergreen ground covers for deep shade. Spreads by rhizomes to form a dense mat. White flowers in March to early April. Green Sheen is a particularly nice pest free cultivar of P. terminalis. Parrotia persica Zone 5-8 Persian Parrotia 20-40' x 15-30'
Deciduous, native shrub. Good for naturalizing in cold climates. Tolerates moist soils. Bright red fruit in late summer.22 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
Excellent pest-free specimen tree with attractive exfoliating bark and fall color. Tolerant of varying conditions once established, sun/part shade.
Deciduous vine will crawl on ground, up trees or other structures. Tolerates virtually any condition. Low maintenance cover for walls. Foliage of P. quinquefolia is more lustrous and leaf is 3-lobed. Paxistima canbyi Zone 3-7 Canby Paxistima 1' x 3-5'
Upright, broadleaf evergreen shrub with bronze new growth which changes to dark green at maturity. White, slightly fragrant urn-shaped flowers appear in March to April. Plant in partial shade to minimize lacebug problems. Pinus banksiana Zone 2-7 Jack Pine 35-50' x irregular spreading
Low growing, evergreen shrub with dark green leaves. Full sun/part shade. Tolerates high pH. Phellodendron amurense Amur Corktree Zone 4-7 30-45' x equal or greater spread Adaptable to a wide range of soils, tolerates pH, drought, air pollution and full sun. Grows quite large so siting is important; fruit can be messy. Philadelphus species Zone 4-8 Sweet Mockorange 10-12' x 10-12'
Very hardy for colder climates. Will survive in almost pure sand, and dry, acid soils. Initially pyramid shaped but becomes more open and flat-topped at maturity. Pinus bungeana Zone 5-7 Lacebark Pine 30-50' x 20-35'
Nice specimen tree with interesting, exfoliating bark. Prefers well-drained soil and sun. Tolerant of high pH.
Sweetly scented white flowers. Full sun/light shade. Transplants readily. Fast growing. Physocarpus opulifolius Zone 2-7 Common Ninebark 5-10' x 6-10'
Native shrub easily transplanted and adaptable. Full sun/ part shade. Tolerates all soil conditions and drought. Good for naturalizing. Picea glauca Zone 2-6 White Spruce 40-60' x 10-20'
Physocarpus opulifolius
Broad conical tree. Prefers full sun to some shade. Light green needles form dense shape. Conica, the Alberta Spruce, is widely sold and used in the landscape. Susceptible to spider mites, particularly when grown against buildings. Picea omorika Picea orientalis Zone 4-7 Serbian Spruce Oriental Spruce 50-60' x 20-30'
Prefers well-drained, acidic soil, good air circulation, full sun. Slow growing, hardy, and salt tolerant. P. cembra possible substitute for Japanese and Austrian Black pines. Pinus parviflora Zone 4-7 Japanese White Pine 25-50' x similar or greater spread
Graceful evergreen trees tolerate drought, high pH and urban conditions. Protect from winter winds. Pieris floribunda Zone 4-8 Mountain Pieris, Fetter Bush 2-6' x equal spread
Requires good drainage but tolerates most soil conditions including soil compaction. Salt tolerant. Drought tolerant once established.
Evergreen shrub prefers moist, well-drained soil, tolerant of high pH and resistant to lacebug. Susceptible to Phytophthora root rot if not sited in a well-drained location. An interspecific hybrid, Brouwers Beauty, has flower clusters that are horizontal and arching.S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9 23
Prefers moist, well-drained soils but tolerates dry conditions, full sun/light shade, rapid growing when young. Subject to white pine weevil damage to terminal, intolerant of salt. An excellent native evergreen.
Culture similar to the above; semi-double pink flowers in spring, occasionally re-blooming in fall. Considered short-lived though relatively pest free. Autumnalis is a recommended variety. Pseudolarix amabilis Zone 5-7 Golden-larch 30-50' x 20-40'
Slow-growing specimen tree, deciduous, golden yellow fall color. Prefers well-drained soil in full sun, tolerates air pollution. Ptelea trifoliata Zone 3-9EASTERN WHITE PINE
Pinus strobus
Prefers moist, well-drained soils but very adaptable, sun/ heavy shade. An interesting native tree with trifoliate leaves and fragrant flowers in June. Pterostyrax hispida Zone 4-8 Fragrant Epaulettetree 20-30' x equal spread
Attractive small tree with white fragrant flowers in June. Prefers moist, acid, well-drained soils, sun/light shade. Potentilla fruticosa Zone 2-6 Bush Cinquefoil 1-4' x 2-4' Pyracantha coccinea Zone 6-9 Scarlet Firethorn 6-18' x equal spread
Moist, well-drained soils but is very adaptable, will do well under dry conditions, full sun/light shade, likes neutral to alkaline conditions. Extremely cold hardy. Long bloom period. Many improved cultivars available. Prunus maackii Zone 3-6 Amur Chokecherry 35'-45' x 20-35'
Berry-like, orange-red fruit ripens in September and persists into winter. Plant in full sun for best fruit but can tolerate part-shade. Use as an informal hedge. Great for trellising and espaliers on walls. Difficult to transplant. Pyrus calleryana Zone 5-8 Callery Pear 30-50' x 20-35'
Small dense tree with cinnamon-brown exfoliating bark. Prefers well-drained soil, pH tolerant, sun/shade. White flowers in May. Prunus maritima Zone 3-6 Beach Plum 6' x equal spread
Adaptable to varying soils, air pollution, etc. Bradford has narrow branch crotches that are prone to breaking. Aristocrat has more horizontal branching and is less prone to breakage than Bradford; Chanticleer is more narrowly upright and shows better fire blight resistance. White flowers in clusters in spring, good scarlet purple fall foliage. Quercus acutissima Zone 6-9 Sawtooth Oak 40-60' x equal spread
Adaptable to most soil conditions except wet, drought tolerant once established, full sun, salt tolerant. White flowers in May followed by purple fruit in late summer. Good for naturalizing in coastal plantings. Prunus sargentii Zone 4-7 Sargent Cherry 20-30' x similar spread
Prefers acid, well-drained soils but adaptable to varying conditions, may develop chlorosis on high pH soils, full sun. Simple foliage with serrated edges, attractive yellow fall color. Quercus alba Zone 4-9 White Oak 50-80' x equal spread
Moist, well-drained soils, full sun/light shade. Single pink flowers in spring before the foliage, fall colors of yellow to red. Considered short-lived though relatively free of problems in a trouble-prone genus.
Adaptable to various soil types; prefers moist, acid conditions, full sun. Dark green lobed leaves, fall color red to brown. Scaly white bark attractive year round. Native.
Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Zone 4-8 50-60' x equal spread Moist, acid soils but very drought tolerant once established, broadly lobed, leathery leaf, good dark green color, yellow fall foliage. Drought tolerant. Native. Quercus imbricaria Zone 4-8
Rhododendron species and cultivars Zone 2-9 Ground cover to small tree Over 900 species and thousands of hybrids exist, most are low maintenance plants when grown in the appropriate site. They generally prefer moist well-drained acid soils high in organic matter and perform best in partial shade. In full sun winter injury and blossom fading is more pronounced as are problems with lace bugs. In southern New England Dora Amateis and R. maximum are particularly susceptible to lacebug when grown in full sun; and to our south, lacebug problems are much more widespread. With the exception of some of the heavily indumented rhododendrons (R. yakushimanum, R. smirnovii and hybrids), all are susceptible to the black vine weevil which can kill small plants. (See discussion under Taxus.) Among the large leaved rhododendrons, R. fortunei and its hybrids (Scintillation) are very attractive to deer. Small leaved rhododendrons, including PJM, Silvery Pink, Anglo, etc., are particularly cold tolerant as are deciduous azaleas (R. schlippenbachii, R. calendulaceum, R. viscosum, etc.). The deciduous Exbury hybrids, however, have too many insect and disease problems to be included on this list. There are thousands of good hardy, hybrid, evergreen azaleas including Hino crimson, Delaware Valley White, R. yedoense var. poukhenensis, etc. However, Belgian or florist azaleas are often mistakenly sold as hardy. As a rule of thumb, if the flower looks too good to be true, it is probably not hardy. Several species are native to southern New England, including R. maximum, R. viscosum, R. prinophyllum, R. canadense and R. periclymenoides.FRAGRANT SUMAC
Quercus bicolor
Simple leaved oak. Easy to transplant, tolerant of dry soils and urban conditions; full sun. Native. Quercus macrocarpa Zone 3-8 Bur Oak 70-80' x equal spread
Large tree with large lobed leaves, white undersides. Tolerates dry sites and urban conditions. Difficult to transplant. Native. Quercus palustris Zone 4-8 Pin Oak 60-70" x 25-40'
Prefers moist, acid soils, intolerant of high pH, full sun, tolerates wet soils and urban conditions. Deeply lobed leaves with pyramidal growth habit; lower branches droop. Quercus phellos Zone 5-9 Willow Oak 40-60' x equal spread
Adaptable to many soil conditions, full sun, fibrous root system allows for ease of transplanting; narrow, simple leaves. Quercus rubra Zone 4-8 Northern Red Oak 60-75' x equal spread
Moist, acid soils, full sun. Intolerant of high pH, tolerates urban conditions. Easily transplanted. Quercus shumardii Zone 5-9 Shumard Oak 40-60' x equal spread
Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac Zone 3-9 2'-6' x 6-10' Adaptable to various soil conditions, full sun. Attractive glossy leaves in threes, yellow flowers and spiky male catkins. Native. Spreading habit of cultivar Gro-Low makes a good choice for embankments or a ground cover.
Rhus aromatica
Leaves may turn red in fall. Easy to transplant. Tolerant of drought or wet conditions. Quercus velutina Black Oak Zone 3-9 50-60' x variable spread Does well in moist, acid soils. Very difficult to transplant because of extensive tap root. Bark is nearly black with deep, vertical furrows.
Good for wet or dry, rocky areas or embankments. Careful siting is important as it can form large colonies. Good for naturalizing, excellent fall color. Sarcococca hookeriana Zone 6-8 Sweetbox 4-6' x equal spread
Styrax japonica
Prefers acid, well-drained soils in partial shade to shade. Will tolerate drought and polluted air quality. White, fragrant flowers appear in March-April. S. hookeriana var. humilis grows smaller, has black fruits, and is very cold hardy. Sassafras albidum Zone 4-9 Common Sassafras 30-60' x 25-40'
Full sun/light shade. Prefers moist, acid, loamy, well-drained soil. Prune in winter. Excellent for naturalized plantings. Outstanding fall color. Native. Schizophragma hydrangeoides Zone 5-7 Japanese Hydrangea-vine Climbing 20-30' Sophora japonica Zone 4-7 Japanese Pagoda Tree 50-75' x wide spreading
This clinging vine is similar to but not as vigorous or as large as Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris. Inflorescenses are flat-topped and 8-10" across and droop slightly. Flowers in late June or early July. Sciadopitys verticillata Zone 5-7 Japanese Umbrella Pine 20-30' x 15-20'
Well-drained soil supplemented with organic matter, drought and urban tolerant. White, fragrant flowers in mid summer. Regent is reputed to flower earlier than the species. Spiraea x bumalda Zone 3-8 Bumald Spirea 2-3' x 4-5'
A tough plant in the landscape, annual pruning required for best effect. White flowers in June-August. Spiraea x vanhouttei Zone 3-8 Vanhoutte Spirea 6-8' x 10-12'
Prefers moist, well-drained soil, full sun, some protection from wind. Drought tolerant once established. Slow growing.
Adaptable to various soil types, full sun. White flowers on arching stems in May. Requires pruning of dead wood in spring. Stephanandra incisa Zone 4-7 Cutleaf Stephanandra 2-3' x spreading
Graceful shrub prefers well-drained soils supplemented with organic matter, drought intolerant, full sun/part shade. Crispa makes an excellent ground cover. Stewartia koreana Stewartia pseudocamellia Zone 6-9JAPANESE UMBRELLA PINE
Sciadopitys verticillata
Prefers moist, acid soil supplemented with organic matter. Camellia-like blossoms flower in summer. Sun/shade. Extraordinary exfoliating bark. Leaves have orange-redbronze fall color.
Prefers moist, well-drained, acid soil supplemented with organic matter, full sun/part shade. May be subject to winter damage in cold sites. Exquisitely fragrant, white, bell-shaped, pendulous flowers in June. Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Zone 4-7 Chenault Coralberry 2' x 12'
Good small urban tree prefers well-drained, moist soil, pH tolerant, full sun. Salt and wind tolerant. Resistant to lilac borer and powdery mildew. Early summer flowering. Ivory Silk and Summer Snow are excellent cultivars. Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Zone 4-9 Pond Baldcypress Common Baldcypress 50-70' x 20-30'
A cross between S. microphyllus and S. orbiculatus. Pink flowers in June and white fruit in fall. Tolerant of various soil types and high pH. Hancock is a beautiful low-growing cultivar. Syringa meyeri Zone 3-7 Meyer Lilac 4-8' x 6-12'
Prefers moist acid soils, very adaptable to wet or dry soils, full sun. A large tree for parks, estates or wet areas. Good wind tolerant urban tree.
Small, dense, mounded shrub. Flower buds emerge early, may be damaged by early frost. Violet-purple flowers cover entire plant for 10-14 days in May. Easy to grow and resistant to mildew. Palibin is common compact form.
Taxodium distichum
Syringa meyeri
Rosy lilac, fragrant, flowers in May to early June. Adaptable, heat tolerant, mildew resistant. Syringa patula Zone 4-7 Manchurian Lilac 4-8' x equal spread
High quality, versatile evergreens, slow growing, easily grown and pruned, resistant to many pests. Have been overused, and now black vine weevil is a very serious pest of young plants, particularly in the nursery. Larger plants sited in the landscape are reasonably tolerant of this pest; but because yews can harbor large populations of weevils, landscapers should exercise care in planting small susceptible plants (rhododendron, euonymus, etc.) near infested yews. The foliage and fruit of yew are toxic to children if ingested, yet the foliage qualifies as a deer candy. Taxus baccata Repandens Zone 5-7 Spreading English Yew 2-4' x 12-15'
Adaptable to various soil conditions, full sun, resistant to powdery mildew. Miss Kim is a noteworthy cultivar.
Hardy dwarf, spreading form has pendulous branch tips and dark green needles. Tolerant of high pH but requires good drainage. Adpressa is another good, low, shadeloving cultivar.
Prefers a moist, sandy loam, does not tolerate wet soils for any length of time. Extremely cold hardy. Taxus x media cultivars Zone 4-7 Yews Variable
Hybrids of T. baccatta and T. cuspidata resemble T. cuspidata in many respects. Common cultivars include: Brownii, Densiformis, Hatfieldii, Hicksii, Nigra and Tauntonii. Prefer moist, sandy loams, not tolerant of wet soil. Tetradium danielli Zone 5-8 Korean Evodia 25-30' x equal spread
Hemlock wooly adelgid is now a serious pest of both Tsuga canadensis and T. caroliniana throughout southern New England. Hence, we urge caution in the use of these important landscape species. Left untreated, this pest will rapidly kill susceptible hemlocks, but yearly applications of insecticides provide effective control in the landscape. Species resistant to the adelgid include T. diversifolia, T. heterophylla, T. chinensis, T. mertensia and T. sieboldii. While all of these species are being evaluated for regional adaptability, only T. diversifolia and T. heterophylla can be recommended with reasonable confidence at this time. Tsuga diversifolia Zone 5-7 Northern Japanese Hemlock 35-60' x 20-30'
Prefers moist, well-drained soil. pH adaptable and drought tolerant once established; full sun. Small white flowers in flat-topped clusters in mid summer; attractive to bees. Thuja occidentalis Zone 3-7 American Arborvitae 40'-60' x 10'-15'
Slow growing, multi-stemmed tree with dense, dark green foliage. Prefers moist sites in full sun, easily transplanted. At least one R.I. nursery has been growing this plant for years, and it appears to be well suited to our climate. Tsuga heterophylla Zone 6-8 Western Hemlock 60-80' x 30'
Very durable. Can be grown in most conditions and soils. Good plant for screens or hedges. Rich green in summer. Plant cultivars that stay green through winter. Thuja plicata Zone 5-7 Western Arborvitae 50-70' x 15-25'
Moist, fertile soils but tolerant of drier soils; sun/shade; pH adaptable. A fast growing pyramidal tree with bright evergreen leaves and reddish-brown fibrous bark. Large for many landscapes but possible substitute for Eastern Hemlock. Thujopsis dolobrata Hiba Arborvitae Zone 5-7 30-50' x 10-20' Dense, pyramidal, evergreen with shiny flattened leaves. Prefers moist, acid soil and some shade. Protect from drying winds. Tilia species T. americana T. cordata T. tomentosa Zone 4-7 Linden American Linden Littleleaf Linden Silver Linden 60-80' x 2-3 spread
Looks very much like Canadian Hemlock. Prefers a humid climate and moist soil. Cold hardiness is marginal in New England; plants from northern Idaho show very slight winter damage, coastal material is probably not hardy here. Plant hardy stock.
Easily transplanted. Prefer moist, acid, organic soil. Full sun / part shade; pH adaptable. T. americana is particularly suited for naturalizing. T. cordata will tolerate pollution but is more susceptible to aphids. T. tomentosa is shorter, more sustainable and will tolerate heat and drought. T. tomentosa is recommended for urban and residential plantings.
Tsuga heterophylla
Adaptable to various soil and pH conditions, good for urban areas, resistant to Dutch elm disease, elm leaf beetle and Japanese beetle. Several new cultivars recently introduced; excellent bark and foliage. Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry Zone 2-5 0.5'-2' x 2' or greater spread Does very well in dry, acid, poor soils. Lowbush blueberry is a managed wild crop in Maine.
Semi-evergreen shrub tolerates heat, cold, and air pollution. Pink buds and white flowers. Very fragrant. Requires slightly moist, well-drained soil, pH adaptable. Viburnum carlesii Koreanspice Viburnum Viburnum x carlecephalum Fragrant Viburnum Vibernum x juddii Judd Viburnum Zone 5-7 4-5' x 4-8' Rounded, dense shrub with pink to reddish buds open white in April-May. Fragrance is outstanding. Prefers well-drained, slightly acid soil and full sun/partial shade. Compactum is one of the best dwarf clones with very dark green leaves and resistance to leaf spot. V. x carlecephalum blooms in early May, size 10' x 10'. V. x juddii hardy to Zone 4, also to 10'. Viburnum cassinoides Zone 3-8 Witherod Viburnum 5-6' x equal spread
Vaccinium corymbosum
Native, dense, rounded shrub. Bronze foliage changes to orange-red or purple in fall. Creamy white flowers. Fruit changes from green to pink, then red to blue, then black in September. Use in borders or for naturalizing. Viburnum dentatum Zone 3-8 Northern Arrowwood 6-8' x 6-15'
Native to swamps but does well in dry, acid, poor and sandy soils in full sun or partial shade. Mulch. Vaccinium macrocarpon Zone 2-6 American Cranberry 2-6" x spreading
Native, salt tolerant shrub. Adaptable to various soil conditions, sun/shade. Forms large clumps.
Evergreen groundcover prefers full sun, acid conditions and moist, cool roots. Pinkish flowers in spring and red, cranberry-like fruit in fall. Vaccinium vitis-idaea Zone 2-5 Cowberry 10"x spreading
Evergreen, dark green foliage turns mahogany in winter. Flowers are white or pinkish borne in May-June. Prefers full sun, moist, peaty soil. Fruit is dark red. Viburnum acerifolium Zone 4-8 Mapleleaf Viburnum 4-6' x 4'
Viburnum dentatum
Deciduous, native shrub. Very shade tolerant and excellent for naturalizing. Suckering shrubs can form extensive thickets. Flowers are yellowish-white and fall foliage ranges from pink to rose to red to grape.
Similar to other viburnums in site preference. White flat-topped flower clusters in May, showy red fruit in fall. pH tolerant. Viburnum farreri Zone 5-8 Fragrant Viburnum 8-12' x similar spread
Adaptable to various soil conditions, pH tolerant, full sun/shade; a number of USDA introductions to choose from: Onondaga, Susquehanna. Attractive red fruit last into winter. Viburnum sieboldii Zone 4-7 Siebold Viburnum 15-20' x 10-15'
Early to flower, flower buds may be damaged by late frost. White, fragrant blooms in mid-April. Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum Zone 3-7 15-18' (possibly to 30') x variable spread Suckers easily to form thicket. Adaptable to a range of conditions. Tolerates sun to shade. Very durable. A good native shrub or small tree for naturalizing. Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Zone 5-7 Doublefile Viburnum 8-10' x 9-12'
Adaptable to various soil conditions but prefers moist, welldrained soil; pH adaptable, sun/part shade, not particularly drought tolerant. Seneca has persistent red fruit. Viburnum trilobum Zone 2-7 American Cranberrybush Viburnum 8-12' x equal width
Adaptable to various soil conditions, easy to grow, full sun/ part shade. Native. Weigela florida Weigela Zone 5-8 6-9' x 9-12' Quite adaptable but prefers a moist well-drained soil, full sun, tolerates air pollution. Requires rejuvenation pruning to maintain decent shape; many improved cultivars available. Early summer blooming.
Prefers moist, well-drained soils and shade, not particularly drought tolerant. Lovely bloom along branches in May. Preferred cultivars include Mariesii and Shasta. Viburnum prunifolium Zone 3-9 Blackhaw Viburnum 12-15' x 8-12'
Adaptable to various soil conditions, drought tolerant once established, sun/part shade. A good native shrub or small tree for naturalizing. Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Viburnum rhytidophyllum Zone 4-8 Evergreen shrubs adaptable to soil conditions, full sun/ light shade, needs protection from winter wind. White flat-topped flower clusters in April followed by black fruit effective in the fall. Dark green leathery leaves persist in the fall. Allegheny and Willowwood are fine selections of V. x rhytidophylloides. V. rhytidophyllum shade tolerant and hardy to zone 5.30
Weigela florida
Groundcover prefers moist, well-drained soils, tolerates heavy soils, sun/shade, tolerates dry conditions.
Viburnum x rhytidophylloides
Fir, Cilician ........................................................... Abies cilicica Fir, Korean .......................................................... Abies koreana Fir, Nikko ......................................................... Abies homolepis Fir, Noble ............................................................. Abies procera Fir, Veitch .............................................................. Abies veitchii Fir, White ............................................................ Abies concolor Firethorn, Scarlet ................................... Pyracantha coccinea Forsythia, Border ................................Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia, Weeping ................................................. F. suspensa Fothergilla, Dwarf .................................... Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla, Large ......................................... Fothergilla major Franklin Tree ....................................... Franklinia alatamaha Fringetree, Chinese ................................Chionanthus retusus Fringetree, White .............................. Chionanthus virginicus Ginkgo or Maidenhair Tree .............................. Ginkgo biloba Goldenraintree .................................. Koelreuteria paniculata Golden-larch ......................................... Pseudolarix amabilis Groundsel-bush .................................... Baccharis halimifolia Hawthorn, Green .................. Cratageus viridis Winter King Hemlocks ............................................................. Tsuga species Hemlock, Northern Japanese ..................... Tsuga diversifolia Hemlock, Western ...................................... Tsuga heterophylla Hercules Club ..................................................... Aralia spinosa Hiba arborvitae ........................................ Thujopsis dolobrata Holly, Blue ........................................ Ilex x meserveae hybrids Holly, Finetooth ...................................................... Ilex serrata Holly, Inkberry ......................................................... Ilex glabra Holly, Japanese ...................................................... Ilex crenata Holly, Longstalk ............................................ Ilex pedunculosa Holly, Winterberry ........................................... Ilex verticillata Honeylocust, Thornless Common .......... Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Honeysuckle, Dwarf Bush ...................... Diervilla sessilifolia Honeysuckle, Trumpet ....................... Lonicera sempervirens Hornbeam, American .......................... Carpinus caroliniana Hornbeam, American Hop ........................ Ostrya virginiana Hornbeam, European ................................... Carpinus betulus Hoptree ............................................................. Ptelea trifoliata Hydrangea, Bigleaf .......................... Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea, Climbing ... Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris Hydrangea, Oak-leaved ..................... Hydrangea quercifolia Hydrangea, Panicle ............................ Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea, Smooth .......................... Hydrangea arborescens Japanese Hydrangea-vine .... Schizophragma hydrangeoides Japanese Pagoda Tree ................................. Sophora japonica Japanese Plum Yew .................... Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Raisintree ..........................................Hovenia dulcis Japanese Snowbell.......................................... Styrax japonica Japanese Umbrella Pine .................... Sciadopitys verticillata32 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
Juniper, Chinese ....................................... Juniperus chinensis Juniper, Eastern Red Cedar .................. Juniperus virginiana Juniper, Shore ............................................ Juniperus conferta Katsura Tree ................................. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Kentucky Coffeetree ............................. Gymnocladus dioicus Kerria, Japanese .............................................. Kerria japonica Labrador Tea ...................................... Ledum groenlandicum Larch, Eastern .................................................... Larix laricina Larch, Japanese ............................................... Larix kaempferi Leatherleaf .................................... Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherwood ...................................................... Dirca palustris Leucothoe ..................................................... Leucothoe species Lilac, Japanese Tree ................................... Syringa reticulata Lilac, Littleleaf ......................................... Syringa microphylla Lilac, Manchurian .......................... Syringa patula Miss Kim Lilac, Meyer ...................................................... Syringa meyeri Lindens ....................................................................Tilia species Linden, American ............................................... T. americana Linden, Littleleaf ....................................................... T. cordata Linden, Silver ........................................................ T. tomentosa Maackia, Amur ......................................... Maackia amurensis Magnolia, Ashe ................................................ Magnolia ashei Magnolia, Cucumbertree ..................... Magnolia acuminata Magnolia, Kobus ............................................. Magnolia kobus Magnolia, Loebner .................................. Magnolia x loebneri Magnolia, Oyama ...................................... Magnolia sieboldii Magnolia, Saucer ............................ Magnolia x soulangiana Magnolia, Star ........................... Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia, Sweetbay ............................... Magnolia virginiana Magnolia, Yulan ....................................... Magnolia denudata Maple, Fullmoon ............................................ Acer japonicum Maple, Hedge ....................................................Acer campestre Maple, Japanese ............................................... Acer palmatum Maple, Paperbark ................................................. Acer griseum Maple, Purpleblow ......................................... Acer truncatum Maple, Striped ....................................... Acer pennsylvanicum Maple, Swamp/Red .............................................. Acer rubrum Maple, Tatarian ................................................ Acer tataricum Maple, Three-flowered ...................................... Acer triflorum Maple, Trident .......................................... Acer buergerianum Mockorange, Sweet ................................ Philadelphus species Mountain Holly, Sour Gum ........ Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain-Laurel ............................................. Kalmia latifolia Ninebark, Common .......................... Physocarpus opulifolius Oak, Black .....................................................Quercus velutina Oak, Northern Red ........................................... Quercus rubra Oak, Pin ........................................................ Quercus palustris Oak, Sawtooth .......................................... Quercus acutissima Oak, Shingle ............................................. Quercus imbricaria
Oak, Shumard ........................................... Quercus shumardii Oak, Swamp White ......................................... Quercus bicolor Oak, White ........................................................... Quercus alba Oak, Willow ..................................................... Quercus phellos Oregon Grapeholly................................ Mahonia aquifolium Pachysandra, Japanese .................... Pachysandra terminalis Parrotia, Persian ............................................. Parrotia persica Paxistima, Canby ......................................... Paxistima canbyi Pear, Callery .................................. Pyrus calleryana cultivars Pearlbush, Common .............................. Exochorda racemosa Pieri, Japanese ..................................................Pieris japonica Pieris, Mountain, Fetterbush ....................... Pieris floribunda Pine, Eastern White ............................................ Pinus strobus Pine, Jack ....................................................... Pinus banksiana Pine, Japanese White .................................... Pinus parviflora Pine, Korean ................................................... Pinus koraiensis Pine, Lacebark ............................................... Pinus bungeana Pine, Swiss Stone ................................................Pinus cembra Redwood, Dawn ....................... Metasequoia glyptostroboides Rhododendron ............ Rhododendron species and cultivars Rubber Tree, Hardy ................................ Eucommia ulmoides Quince, Japanese Flowering ............. Chaenomeles japonica Sassafras, Common ....................................Sassafras albidum Serviceberry, Allegheny ............................Amelanchier laevis Serviceberry, Downy .............................Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry, Shadblow .................. Amelanchier canadensis Seven-Son Flower ......................... Heptacodium miconioides Siberian Peashrub ............................... Caragana arborescens Silverbell, Carolina ......................................Halesia tetraptera Silverbell, Mountain ................................... Halesia monticola Silverbell, Two-winged ................................... Halesia diptera Smoketree, American ................................... Cotinus obovatus Smoketree, Common .................................. Cotinus coggygria Sourwood ........................................... Oxydendrum arboreum Spicebush ....................................................... Lindera benzoin Spirea, Bumald ......................................... Spiraea x bumalda Spirea, Vanhoutte ...................................Spiraea x vanhouttei Spruce, Oriental ............................................... Picea orientalis Spruce, Serbian ................................................. Picea omorika Spruce, White ....................................................... Picea glauca Stephanandra, Cutleaf .......................... Stephanandra incisa Stewartia, Japanese ....................... Stewartia pseudocamellia Stewartia, Korean ....................................... Stewartia koreana St. Johnswort .............................................. Hypericum species Sumac, Fragrant .............................................. Rhus aromatica Sumac, Shining ................................................. Rhus copallina Sweetbox ............................................. Sarcococca hookeriana Sweetgum, American ....................... Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Fern ............................................. Comptonia peregrina
Trumpet Vine ............................................... Campsis radicans Tuliptree ............................................. Liriodendron tulipifera Tupelo, Black ....................................................Nyssa sylvatica Viburnum, American Cranberrybush .... Viburnum trilobum Viburnum, Arrowwood ......................... Viburnum dentatum Viburnum, Blackhaw ........................ Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum, Burkwood ..................... Viburnum x burkwoodii Viburnum, Doublefile ............................. Viburnum plicatum Viburnum, Fragrant ................... Viburnum x carlecephalum Viburnum, Fragrant ..................................... Viburnum farreri Viburnum, Judd ........................................ Viburnum x Juddii Viburnum, Koreanspice ............................. Viburnum carlesii Viburnum, Lantanaphyllum . Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Viburnum, Leatherleaf ................ Viburnum rhytidophyllum Viburnum, Linden ................................. Viburnum dilatatum Viburnum, Mapleleaf ......................... Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum, Nannyberry ............................. Viburnum lentago Viburnum, Sargent .................................. Viburnum sargentii Viburnum, Siebold ................................... Viburnum sieboldii Viburnum, Wayfaring Tree .... Viburnum lantana Mohican Viburnum, Witherod ...........................Viburnum cassinoides Viburnum, Wright ...................................... Viburnum wrightii Virginia Creeper ........................ Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Sweetspire ............................................. Itea virginica Winterhazel, Fragrant ......................... Corylopsis glabrescens Winterhazel, Spike ....................................... Corylopsis spicata Witchhazel ................................... Hammamelis x intermedia Witchhazel, Chinese ................................ Hammamelis mollis Witchhazel, Common ..................... Hammamelis virginiana Witchhazel, Vernal ............................... Hammamelis vernalis Weigela .............................................................. Weigela florida Yellowwood, American ........................... Cladrastis kentukea Yellowroot .................................... Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yew ................................................Taxus species and cultivars Yew ..................................................... Taxus x media cultivars Yew, Japanese ................................................. Taxus cuspidata Yew, Spreading English ............. Taxus baccata Repandens
Apple Scab
Fire Blight
Powdery Mildew
Adams baccata Jackii Baskatong Beverly Bob White Brandywine Candied Apple Centurion Christmas Holly David Dolgo Donald Wyman floribunda Harvest Gold Henningi Henry Kohankie Hopa Indian Magic Indian Summer Jewelberry Liset Mary Potter Molten Lava Ormiston Roy Pink Spires Prairifire Professor Sprenger Profusion Radiant Ralph Shay Red Barron Red Jade Red Jewel Red Splendor34
Pink/Purple White/Red Red/Dk Red White/Red White/Yel-Red Pink/Yellow Pink/Red Red/Red White/Red White/Red White/Red White/Red Pink to W/Red White/Gold White/Orange Pink to W/Red Pink/Purple Pink/Red-Or Red/Red White/Red Red/Maroon White/Red White/Red White/Red-Or Pink/Maroon Red/Red White/Orange Red/Dk Red Red/Red White/Red Red/Dk Red White/Red White/Red Pink/Red
Round Round Round Upr Spr Horiz Upr Spr Weeping Upr Spr Spr Round Upr Spr Round Horiz Upr Upr Round Upr Spr Round Upr Spr Shrub Horiz Shrub Horiz Upr Spr Upright Upr Spr Round Round Upr Spr Upr Spr Narrow Weepg Horiz Upr Spr
20x20 30x30 30x30 25x30 20x25 20x20 15x15 20x15 10x12 15x15 30x40 15x15 20x25 30x15 25 20x20 25x30 15x15 20x20 12x15 15x20 15x30 15x15 20x25 25 20x20 25x25 15x15 25x20 18x10 15x15 15x12 25x25
3,4 3 1 2,4,5 2 3,4 3 4 1 1,2,6 4 2,5 3,4 4 2 1,2,3,4 4,5 1,2,3,4,5 2,3,4,5 4 2 1,4 2 3 3 4
Good Excel Good Excel Excel Fair Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Poor Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Excel Fair Poor Good Fair Fair Fair Fair
Good * Poor Excel * Poor * Fair Excel Excel Excel Good Good Good * Poor * Fair Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Excel Excel Good Excel Excel Good * Fair * Poor * Fair
Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Fair Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Good Excel Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Excel Good Excel Excel Good
Good Good Excel Excel Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Good * Fair Good Excel * Fair Good * Fair
Robinson Royalty sargentii Selkirk Sentinel Silver Moon Snowdrift Strawberry Parfait Sugar Tyme tschonoskii Velvet Pillar White Angel
Red/Red Purple/Purple White/Red Red/Red White/Red White/Red White/Orange Pink/Red White/Red White/Yellow Red/Red White/Gr+Red
Upr Spr Upr Spr Shrub Vase Upr Spr Upr Spr Round Vase Round Pyramid Nar Upr Upr Spr Weeping Round Narrow Horiz
25x25 15x20 8x15 25x25 15x10 25x25 20x20 20x25 20x20 28x14 20x14 20x20 15x15 25x25 20x10 25x30
Good Poor Excel Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair Good Good Fair Good Good
Excel * Poor Good Good Good Poor * Fair Excel * Fair * Poor * Fair * Fair Excel * Fair * Fair * Fair
Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Excel Fair Excel Excel Excel Excel
Excel Excel Excel * Fair Excel Good Excel Excel Excel Excel Good Excel Excel Good Good Good
White Cascade White/Coral Winter Gold White/Yellow yunnanensis Veitchii W/Brown zumi Calocarpa White/Red
Additional Comments
Key to Disease Resistance Excel: No problem with disease Good: Some leaves affected
1. Flowers lightly in alternate years 2. Fragrant flowers 3. Colorful fall foliage 4. Fruit remains on tree 5. Birds favor fruit as food 6. Messy fruit drop in midsummer
Most leaves affected yet little or no defoliation, thus not a significant problem Poor: Consistently defoliates in summerFair:
* Apple Scab is the disease of consequence in the Northeast. Although weve not seen the potentially lethal fire blight, or the less serious Powdery Mildew, future conditions in the Northeast may favor these diseases.
Please note: this compilation is composed of local data collected over the last 4 years, adjusted with national disease ratings from NCEP/NCIP plantations throughout the country. Marsha Browning & Larry Englander, 1997
Abies concolor Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer tataricum Acer truncatum Aesculus pavia Amorpha fruticosa Aralia spinosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Berberis x mentorensis Caragana arborescens Carpinus betulus Ceonothus americanus Ceonothus ovatus Cephalotaxus harringtonia Chaenomeles speciosa Cladrastus kentukea Comptonia peregrina Cornus racemosa Corylus americana Corylus colurna Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster divaricatus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cratageus viridis Winter King Diervilla sessilifolia Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Eucommia ulmoides Exochorda racemosa Fagus sylvatica Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Gymnocladus dioicus Hammamelis mollis Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hammamelis x intermedia Arnold Promise36
Hydrangea arborescens Hypericum species Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Koelreuteria paniculata Kolkwitzia amabilis Maackia amurensis Malus species Myrica pensylvanica Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Phellodendron amurense Physocarpus opulifolius Picea omorika Picea orientalis Pinus banksiana Pinus bungeana Pinus cembra Pinus koraiensis Pinus parviflora Pinus strobus Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maritima Prunus sargentii Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus acutissima Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus imbricaria Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus chinensis Rhus copallina Sarcococca hookeriana Sciadopitys verticillata Sophora japonica Spiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer
Spiraea x vanhouttei Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Syringa reticulata Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Tetradium daniellii Thuja plicata Tilia tomentosa Ulmus parvifolia Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rhytidophyllum Viburnum sieboldii Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Weigela florida Xanthorhiza simplicissimaWET SOILS OR FLOODING
Acer rubrum Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Alnus incana Alnus rugosa Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Aronia arbutifolia Betula nigra Calycanthus floridus Carpinus caroliniana Cercidiphyllum japonicum Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Chamaecyparis obtusa Chamaecyparis pisifera Chamaecyparis thyoides Chamaedaphne calyculata Chionanthus retusus Chionanthus virginicus Clethra alnifolia Clethra barbinervis
Cornus racemosa Dirca palustris Enkianthus campanulatus Forsythia intermedia Forsythia suspensa Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla major Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea quercifolia Ilex crenata Ilex glabra Ilex pedunculosa Ilex verticillata Ilex x meserveae hybrids Itea virginica Kalmia latifolia Kolkwitzia amabilis Larix kaempferi Larix laricina Ledum groenlandicum Lindera benzoin Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia virginiana Metasequoia glyptostroboides Nemopanthus mucronatus Nyssa sylvatica Phellodendron amurense Pinus strobus Quercus bicolor Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus shumardii Rhus copallina Stephanandra incisa Crispa Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Thuja occidentalis Thuja plicata Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium vitis-idaea Viburnum dentatum Viburnum prunifolium Xanthorhiza simplicissimaSHADE
Acer triflorum Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Andromeda polifolia Aralia spinosa Aristolochia macrophylla Carpinus caroliniana Cephalotaxus harringtonia Chamaecyparis obtusa Chionanthus virginicus Clethra alnifolia Clethra barbinervis Cornus kousa Cornus mas Cornus officinalis Cornus racemosa Cotoneaster salicifolius Dirca palustris Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Enkianthus campanulatus Fagus grandifolia Fagus sylvatica Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hammamelis mollis Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hammamelis x intermedia Arnold Promise Hydrangea anomala subspecies petiolaris Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea quercifolia Ilex crenata Ilex glabra Ilex pedunculosa Ilex verticillata Ilex x meserveae hybrids Itea virginica Kalmia latifolia Leucothoe species Lindera benzoin Lonicera sempervirens Magnolia virginiana Mahonia aquifolium Microbiota decussata Myrica pensylvanica Nemopanthus mucronatus
Ostrya virginiana Pachysandra procumbens Pachysandra terminalis Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Paxistima canbyi Pieris floribunda Pieris japonica Pinus strobus Rhododendron species & cultivars Stephanandra incisa Crispa Styrax japonica Taxus baccata Repandens Taxus cuspidata Taxus x media cultivars Thuja plicata Thujopsis dolobrata Tsuga diversifolia Tsuga heterophylla Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rhytidophyllum Viburnum sargentii Viburnum sieboldii Viburnum trilobum Viburnum x rhytidophylloidesSOIL SALT
Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer griseum Acer palmatum Acer tataricum Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Amorpha fruticosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Baccharis halimifolia Betula nigra Campsis radicans Caragana arborescens Carpinus caroliniana Cercidiphyllum japonicum Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Chamaecyparis obtusa37
Chamaecyparis pisifera Chamaecyparis thyoides Clethra alnifolia Comptonia peregrina Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster divaricatus Cotoneaster salicifolius Diervilla sessilifolia Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Hydrangea anomala subspecies petiolaris Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea quercifolia Ilex crenata Ilex glabra Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Koelreuteria paniculata Magnolia acuminata Magnolia kobus Magnolia virginiana Magnolia x loebneri Magnolia x soulangiana Myrica pensylvanica Nyssa sylvatica Oxydendrum arboreum Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Phellodendron amurense Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maritima Prunus sargentii Pyracantha coccinea Quercus acutissima Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus rubra Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus chinensis Rhus copallina Sciadopitys verticillata Sophora japonica Syringa meyeri Syringa microphylla Syringa patula Syringa reticulata Taxodium distichum Taxus baccata Repandens Taxus cuspidata38
Taxus x media cultivars Thuja occidentalis Ulmus parvifolia Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum dentatum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum sieboldiiOCEANSIDE, ROADSIDE OR AERIAL SALT
Amelanchier canadensis Amorpha fruticosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Baccharis halimifolia Campsis radicans Caragana arborescens Chamaecyparis pisifera Clethra alnifolia Clethra barbinervis Comptonia peregrina Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster divaricatus Cotoneaster salicifolius Fraxinus pennsylvanica Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Ilex glabra Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Myrica pensylvanica Nyssa sylvatica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Pieris floribunda Pinus cembra Pinus parviflora Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maritima Pyracantha coccinea Quercus alba Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus chinensis Rhus copallina Sophora japonica Spiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer Spiraea x vanhouttei Taxus baccata Repandens Taxus cuspidata
Abies concolor Acer ginnala Acer truncatum Caragana arborescens Cephalotaxus harringtonia Chamaecyparis pisifera Comptonia peregrina Cornus racemosa Corylus colurna Cotoneaster divaricatus Cratageus viridis Winter King Diervilla sessilifolia Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Eucommia ulmoides Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Gymnocladus dioicus Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Ledum groenlandicum Microbiota decussata Myrica pensylvanica Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Pinus banksiana Pinus cembra Pinus parviflora Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maritima Ptelea trifoliata Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Vaccinium corymbosumNATIVE SPECIES
Alnus rugosa Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Amorpha fruticosa Andromeda polifolia Aralia spinosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Baccharis halimifolia Betula alleghanensis Betula alleghaniensis Betula lenta Betula nigra Calycanthus floridus Campsis radicans Carpinus caroliniana Ceonothus americanus Ceonothus ovatus Cercis canadensis Chamaecyparis thyoides Chamaedaphne calyculata Chionanthus virginicus Cladrastus kentukea Clethra alnifolia Comptonia peregrina Cornus alternifolia Cornus racemosa Corylus americana Cotinus obovatus Cratageus viridis Winter King Diervilla sessilifolia Dirca palustris Fagus grandifolia Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla major Franklinia alatamaha Fraxinus pennsylvanica Gymnocladus dioicus Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea quercifolia Hypericum species Ilex glabra Ilex verticillata Itea virginica Juniperus virginiana Kalmia latifolia Larix laricina
Ledum groenlandicum Leucothoe species Lindera benzoin Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia acuminata Magnolia virginiana Myrica pensylvanica Nemopanthus mucronatus Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Pachysandra procumbens Parthenocissus quinquifolia Paxistima canbyi Physocarpus opulifolius Picea glauca Pieris floribunda Pinus banksiana Pinus strobus Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maritima Ptelea trifoliata Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus imbricaria Quercus macrocarpa Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Quercus velutina Rhododendron species & cultivars Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus copallina Sassafras albidum Taxodium distichum Tilia americana Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium vitis-idaea Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum cassinoides Viburnum dentatum Viburnum lentago Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum trilobum Xanthorhiza simplicissimaTOLERANT OF pH 4.5 OR LOWER
Comptonia peregrina Enkianthus campanulatus Hydrangea macrophylla Ilex crenata Ilex glabra Ilex pedunculosa Ilex verticillata Ilex x meserveae hybrids Kalmia latifolia Ledum groenlandicum Leucothoe species Myrica pensylvanica Nemopanthus mucronatus Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium vitis-idaeaTOLERANT OF pH 5.0
Abelia x grandiflora Abies cilicica Abies concolor Abies homolepis Abies veitchii Acer buergerianum Acer rubrum Acer triflorum Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Andromeda polifolia Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Berberis x chenaultii Carpinus betulus Carpinus caroliniana Chamaecyparis obtusa Chamaecyparis pisifera Chionanthus virginicus Clethra alnifolia Enkianthus campanulatus Fagus grandifolia Fagus sylvatica Forsythia intermedia Forsythia suspensa Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla major Franklinia alatamaha Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hammamelis mollis Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hammamelis x intermedia39
Arnold Promise Juniperus virginiana Larix kaempferi Larix laricina Magnolia acuminata Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia virginiana Magnolia x soulangiana Malus species Nemopanthus mucronatus Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Pachysandra procumbens Pachysandra terminalis Physocarpus opulifolius Pieris floribunda Pinus banksiana Pinus cembra Pinus koraiensis Pinus strobus Pterostyrax hispida Quercus acutissima Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Rhododendron species & cultivars Sassafras albidum Stewartia koreana Stewartia pseudocamellia Styrax japonica Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Viburnum prunifoliumTOLERANT OF pH 7.5 OR HIGHER
Abies cilicica Abies concolor Acer buergerianum Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer griseum Acer palmatum Acer tataricum Aesculus pavia Alnus incana Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis40
Amorpha fruticosa Aralia spinosa Berberis julianae Berberis verruculosa Berberis x mentorensis Buxus microphylla Buxus sempervirens Caragana arborescens Carpinus betulus Cedrus atlantica Cercidiphyllum japonicum Cercis canadensis Chionanthus retusus Chionanthus virginicus Cladrastus kentukea Clematis species Cornus kousa Cornus mas Cornus officinalis Cornus racemosa Corylus americana Corylus colurna Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster divaricatus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cratageus viridis Winter King Diervilla sessilifolia Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Eucommia ulmoides Forsythia intermedia Forsythia suspensa Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Gymnocladus dioicus Hammamelis vernalis Hovenia dulcis Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea quercifolia Hypericum species Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Kalopanax septemlobus Koelreuteria paniculata Kolkwitzia amabilis Lonicera sempervirens Maackia amurensis Magnolia acuminata Magnolia kobus
Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia x loebneri Malus species Ostrya virginiana Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Paxistima canbyi Phellodendron amurense Physocarpus opulifolius Picea omorika Picea orientalis Pieris floribunda Pinus bungeana Pinus koraiensis Pinus parviflora Pinus strobus Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maackii Prunus maritima Prunus sargentii Prunus subhirtella Autumnalis Ptelea trifoliata Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus bicolor Quercus macrocarpa Quercus phellos Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus chinensis Rhus copallina Sophora japonica Sorbus alnifolia Spiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer Spiraea x vanhouttei Stephanandra incisa Crispa Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Syringa meyeri Syringa microphylla Syringa patula Syringa reticulata Taxodium distichum Taxus baccata Repandens Taxus cuspidata Taxus x media cultivars Tetradium daniellii Ulmus parvifolia Viburnum dentatum Viburnum farreri Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rhytidophyllum Viburnum sargentii Viburnum sieboldii
Viburnum trilobum Viburnum wrightii Viburnum x juddii Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Weigela floridaUSEFUL BENEATH POWER LINES
Stewartia koreana Stewartia pseudocamellia Styrax japonica Syringa reticulata Tetradium danielliiTOLERANT OF URBAN CONDITIONS
Acer buergerianum Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer griseum Acer tataricum Acer triflorum Acer truncatum Alnus incana Alnus rugosa Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Carpinus caroliniana Cercis canadensis Chionanthus retusus Cornus kousa Cornus mas Cornus officinalis Cotinus coggygria Cratageus viridis Winter King Enkianthus campanulatus Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hammamelis mollis Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hammamelis x intermedia Arnold Promise Hovenia dulcis Koelreuteria paniculata Maackia amurensis Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia virginiana Magnolia x loebneri Magnolia x soulangiana Malus species Ostrya virginiana Parrotia persica Prunus maackii Prunus maritima Prunus sargentii Prunus subhirtella Autumnalis Ptelea trifoliata Pterostyrax hispida Pyrus calleryana cultivars Sorbus alnifolia
Abies concolor Acer buergerianum Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer tataricum Acer triflorum Amelanchier canadensis Amorpha fruticosa Aralia spinosa Baccharis halimifolia Betula nigra Caragana arborescens Carpinus betulus Carpinus caroliniana Cedrus atlantica Cephalotaxus harringtonia Cercidiphyllum japonicum Corylus colurna Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Cratageus viridis Winter King Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Eucommia ulmoides Forsythia intermedia Forsythia suspensa Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Gymnocladus dioicus Hammamelis virginiana Hydrangea paniculata Ilex crenata Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Koelreuteria paniculata Maackia amurensis Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia x loebneri Magnolia x soulangiana Malus species Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Pachysandra terminalis Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia
Parthenocissus tricuspidata Picea omorika Picea orientalis Potentilla fruticosa Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus acutissima Quercus bicolor Quercus imbricaria Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Sophora japonica Sorbus alnifolia Syringa reticulata Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Taxus cuspidata Tilia cordata Tilia tomentosa Ulmus parvifolia Weigela florida
Abelia x grandiflora Abies cilicica Abies concolor Abies homolepis Abies veitchii Acer buergerianum Acer campestre Acer ginnala Acer griseum Acer palmatum Acer pensylvanicum Acer rubrum Acer tataricum Acer triflorum Acer truncatum Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Alnus incana Alnus rugosa Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier laevis Amorpha fruticosa Andromeda polifolia Aralia spinosa Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Aristolochia macrophylla Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Baccharis halimifolia Berberis julianae Berberis verriculosa42 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
Berberis x chenaultii Berberis x mentorensis Betula alleghanensis Betula lenta Betula nigra Buxus sempervirens Calycanthus floridus Campsis radicans Caragana arborescens Carpinus betulus Carpinus caroliniana Cedrus atlantica Cedrus libani Ceonothus species Cephalotaxus harringtonia Cercidiphyllum japonicum Cercis canadensis Chaenomeles speciosa Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Chamaecyparis obtusa Chamaecyparis pisifera Chamaecyparis thyoides Chamaedaphne calyculata Chionanthus retusus Chionanthus virginicus Cladrastus kentukea Clematis species Clethra alnifolia Clethra barbinervis Comptonia peregrina Cornus alternifolia Cornus kousa Cornus mas Cornus officinalisDR = drought or dry soils LO = useful beneath x x x OC = oceanside, roadside x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x
powerlinesNA = native species
DR x x x x x x x x
WI WT x x
Cornus racemosa Corylus colurna Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster divaricatus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cratageus viridis Winter King Daphne species Diervilla sessilifolia Dirca palustris Eleutherococcus sieboldianus Enkianthus campanulatus Eucommia ulmoides Exochorda racemosa Fagus grandifolia Fagus sylvatica Forsythia intermedia Forsythia suspensa Fothergilla gardenii Fothergilla major Franklinia alatamaha Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ginkgo biloba Gymnocladus dioicus Halesia carolina Halesia diptera Hammamelis mollis Hammamelis vernalis Hammamelis virginiana Hammamelis x intermedia Arnold Promise Hovenia dulcis Hydrangea anomala subspecies petiolaris Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Hydrangea quercifolia Hypericum species44
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
SP x x x x x
SS x x
UR x
WI WT x x x x x x
Ilex crenata Ilex glabra Ilex pedunculosa Ilex verticillata Ilex x meserveae hybrids Itea virginica Juniperus chinensis Juniperus conferta Juniperus virginiana Kalmia angustifolia Kalmia latifolia Kalopanax septemlobus Koelreuteria paniculata Kolkwitzia amabilis Larix kaempferi Larix laricina Ledum groenlandicum Leucothoe species Lindera benzoin Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Lonicera sempervirens Maackia amurensis Magnolia acuminata Magnolia kobus Magnolia kobus var. stellata Magnolia virginiana Magnolia x loebneri Magnolia x soulangiana Mahonia aquifolium Malus species Metasequoia glyptostroboides Microbiota decussata Myrica pensylvanicaDR = drought or dry soils LO = useful beneath x OC = oceanside, roadside x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
WI WT x
Nemopanthus mucronatus Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Pachysandra procumbens Pachysandra terminalis Parrotia persica Parthenocissus quinquifolia Parthenocissus tricuspidata Paxistima canbyi Phellodendron amurense Physocarpus opulifolius Picea glauca Picea omorika Picea orientalis Pieris floribunda Pieris japonica Pinus banksiana Pinus bungeana Pinus cembra Pinus koraiensis Pinus parviflora Pinus strobus Potentilla fruticosa Prunus maackii Prunus maritima Prunus sargentii Prunus subhirtella Autumnalis Ptelea trifoliata Pterostyrax hispida Pyracantha coccinea Pyrus calleryana cultivars Quercus acutissima Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus imbricaria Quercus macrocarpa Quercus palustris46 S U S TA I N A B L E P L A N T L I S T THIRD EDITION 19 9 9
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
DR x x x
SP x x
Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Quercus velutina Rhododendron species & cultivars Rhodotypos scandens Rhus aromatica Gro-Low Rhus chinensis Rhus copallina Sarcococca hookeriana Sassafras albidum Sciadopitys verticillata Sophora japonica Sorbus alnifolia Spiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer Spiraea x vanhouttei Stephanandra incisa Crispa Stewartia koreana Stewartia pseudocamellia Styrax japonica Symphoricarpos x chenaulti Syringa meyeri Syringa microphylla Syringa patula Syringa reticulata Taxodium ascendens Taxodium distichum Taxus baccata Repandens Taxus cuspidata Taxus x media cultivars Tetradium daniellii Thuja occidentalis Thuja plicata Thujopsis dolobrataDR = drought or dry soils LO = useful beneath
OC = oceanside, roadside
Tilia americana Tilia cordata Tilia tomentosa Tsuga diversifolia Tsuga heterophylla Ulmus parvifolia Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium vitis-idaea Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum cassinoides Viburnum dentatum Viburnum farreri Viburnum lentago Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rhytidophyllum Viburnum sargentii Viburnum sieboldii Viburnum trilobum Viburnum wrightii Viburnum x juddii Viburnum x rhytidophylloides Weigela florida Xanthorhiza simplicissimaDR = drought or dry soils LO = useful beneath x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x