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The master of MiGs
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Hi everyone, I am new to this website and joined for the soul reason as to make this request. I know many of you own (or at least played) The sims for the PS2. I am currently making a custom neighborhood full of all the houses you visit in that game. I made the custom skins in bodyshop, and I built the houses. The only thing that I dont like about my neighborhood is the fact that there are no classic Sims PS2 objects! If this is even possible, i'd much appreciate it if someone who has a lot of skills could either remake the items from scratch, or rip them from a CD somehow. I am not sure about the process, but would be verry happy to see it happen. It will be a hard thing to do i'm assuming, since the format is different with a PC than a PS2, but I think (or at least fantasize) this as being a possibility. Worst case scenario, someone will have to mesh out remakes of the objects. If anyone can do this for me, kudos to them! I'll post and share my neighborhood full of sims PS2 houses ASAP once i'm done. Thanks a lot if anyone can help! :)


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Ebook Advances In Fluid Mechanics And Turbomachineryby Sebastian 3.5
Ebook Advances In Fluid Mechanics And Turbomachinery
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Friday, September 28, 2018 - 19:30
While some schools in south Trinidad battled flash flooding today, others are still reeling from the effects of another natural disaster, the August 21st earthquake.
Forest Reserve Anglican primary has been closed since then. And the majority of its students sent home.
But parents say the situation has now become overbearing and are calling for the minister's intervention.
Cameraman Ivan Toolsie was there.


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A Guide to the Geology of Catalina State Park and the Western Santa Catalina Mountains
AuthorBezy, J.V.
Issue Date2002
KeywordsDown-To-Earth Series
Charouleau Gap
Pusch Ridge
Canyon Loop Trail
Romero Canyon Trail
Alamo Canyon Trail
Sutherland Wash
Biosphere 2
Cañada del Oro
Santa Catalina Mountains
Pima County
Catalina State Park
Pinal Schist
Catalina Granite
Pirate Fault
Wilderness Suite Granite
stream piracy
spheroidal weathering
solution pans
stream terraces
MetadataShow full item record
CitationBezy, J.V., 2002, A Guide to the Geology of Catalina State Park and the Western Santa Catalina Mountains. Arizona Geological Survey Down-to-Earth Series DTE-12, 57 p.
DescriptionThe northwestern margin of the Santa Catalina Mountains, located within Catalina State Park and the adjacent Coronado National Forest, contains a variety of spectacular geologic features (Map A). Because of the relatively sparse desert vegetation, all of them are easy to recognize and photograph. Some of these features occur throughout much of the western United States. Others are unique to landscapes produced by the weathering and erosion of granite. This booklet is your field guide to the geology of this splendid desert landscape. It is a hiker's guide; excursions on foot to the geologic features described in the text are encouraged. This book is written for the visitor who has an interest in geology, but may not have had formal training in the subject. It may also help ensure that the visiting geologist does not overlook some of the features described. To set the stage, I have briefly described the area's geologic setting and geologic history. In the following pages, emphasis is given to descriptions of geologic features that are common in this landscape. Precise locations are provided for those features that have more limited distribution. Includes more than 30 images and illustrations and six maps.
Additional Linkshttp://repository.azgs.az.gov/uri_gin/azgs/dlio/1453
Series/Report no.DTE-12
RightsArizona Geological Survey. All rights reserved.
Collection InformationDocuments in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact email@example.com.
North Bounding Coordinate32.5839
South Bounding Coordinate32.3429
West Bounding Coordinate-111.064
East Bounding Coordinate-110.745
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Geologic Framework of the Catalina Foothills, Outskirts of Tucson (Pima County, Arizona)Dickinson, William R. (Arizona Geological Survey (Tucson, AZ), 1999-05-01)
Metamorphic effects of the Leatherwood Quartz Diorite, Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County, ArizonaWood, Michael Manning, 1937- (The University of Arizona., 1963)


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A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an electronic device that controls machines and processes. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and execute specific functions that include ON/OFF control, timing, counting, sequencing, arithmetic and data handling. PLCs development began in 1968 in response to the request from hydromantic division of general motors. At the time, gm frequently spent days or weeks replacing inflexible relaybased control systems whenever it changed car models or made line modifications. To reduce the high cost of rewiring, gms control specifications called for a solid state system that had the flexibility of a computer yet could be programmed and maintained by plant engineers and technicians. It also had to withstand the dirty air, vibration, electrical noise, humidity and temperature extremes found in the industrial environment. The first PLCs were installed in 1969 and quickly became a success. Functioning as relay replacements; even the early PLCs were more reliable than relay-based systems, largely due to the ruggedness of their solid-state components compared with the moving parts in electrochemical relays. PLCs provided material, installation; troubleshooting and labour cost savings by reducing wiring and associated wiring errors. They took up less space than the counters, timers and other control components they replaced. And their ability to be reprogrammed dramatically increased flexibility when changing control schemes. Perhaps the biggest key to industrys acceptance of the PLCs was based on the ladder diagrams and electrical symbols commonly used by electricians. Most plant personnel were already trained in ladder logic, and they easily adopted it for PLCs. In fact, ladder logic still plays an integral role in programming and troubleshooting; even though more advanced programming languages have been developed. 1.2 WHY USE PLCs? During the 1970s and early 80s, many engineers, manufacturing managers and control system designers spent considerable time debating this issue, trying to evaluate cost effectiveness. Today, one generally accepted rule is that PLCs become economically viable in control system that requires three to four or more relays. Given that micro PLCs cost only a few hundred dollars, coupled with the emphasis manufacturers place on productivity and quality, the cost debate becomes also immaterial. In addition of cost savings, PLCs provide many value added benefits: 1.2.1 RELIABILITY Once a program has been written and debugged. It can be easily transferred and download to other PLCs. This reduces programming time, minimizes debugging, and increases reliability. With all the logic existing in the PLCs memory, there is no chance of making a logic wiring error. The only wiring required is for power and inputs and outputs. 1.2.2 FLEXIBILITY Program modifications can be made with just a few key strokes. Advanced functions PLCs can perform a wide variety of control tasks, from a single, repetitive action to complex data manipulation. Standardizing on PLCs opens many doors for designers, and simplifies the job for maintenance department personnel. 1.2.3 COMMUNICATIONS Communicating with operator interfaces, other PLCs or computers facilities data collection and information exchange. 1.2.4 SPEED Some automated machines process thousands of items per minute and objects spend only a fraction of a second in front of a sensor, hence many automation applications require the PLCs quick response capability. 1.2.5 DIAGNOSTICS
The troubleshooting capability of programming devices and the diagnostics resident in the PLCs allow users to easily trace and correct software and hardware problems. 1.3 APPLICATIONS OF PLC No matter what the application, the use of PLCs helps increase competitiveness. Process using PLCs include: packaging, bottling and canning, material handling, machining, power generation building control systems, automated assembly, paint lines, and water treatment. PLCs are applied in variety of industries including food and beverages, automotive, chemical, plastics, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals and metals. Virtually any application that requires electrical control can use PLCs.
2. PLC COMPONENTS 2.1 OVERVIEW The main components of PLCs are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Inputs Outputs CPU Memory for program and data storage Programming device
Central Processing Unit Programming / Communication Device Memory Program Data Power Supply Output Circuits CR Input Circuits Optical Isolation 1. Operator interfaces 2.1.1 INPUTS The input screw terminals on a PLC from the interface by which field devices are connected to the PLC. Inputs include the items such as tool buttons, thumbwheels, limit switches, selector switches, proximity sensors and photoelectric sensors. These are all discrete devices that provide an ON/OFF status to the PLC. While larger PLCs can directly accept analog values (variable voltage or current signals). Such as from temperature or pressure sensors, micro PLCs do not typically possess this capability. The electrical signals that field devices send to the PLC are typically unfiltered 120v a.c. or 24v D.C. The inputs circuitry on PLC takes this field voltage and conditions. It too is usable by the PLC. Conditioning is necessary because the internal components of PLC operate on 5v D.C. and this minimizes the possibility if damage by shielding them from voltage spikes. To electrically isolate internal components from the input terminals, PLCs employ an optical isolator, which uses light to couple signals from one electrical device to another. 2.1.2 OUTPUTS
Connectors tot the o/p terminals of the PLC are devices such as solenoids, relays, contractors, motor starters, indicator lights, valve and alarms. Output circuits operate in a manner similar to i/p circuits: signals from the CPU pass through an isolation barrier before energizing o/p circuits. PLC use a variety of o/p circuits to energies their o/p terminals: relays, transistors and triac.
Relays are for either ac or dc power. Traditional PLC, electromagnetic relay typically handle current up to a few amps. Relays can better withstand voltage spikes, and they have an air gap between their contacts, which eliminates the possibility of current leakage. However they are comparatively slow and subject to wear overtime. Transistors switch dc power are silent and have no moving parts to wear out transistors are fast and can reduce response time, but only carry loads of 0.5amps or less. Special types of transistors, such as FET (field effect transistors) can handle more power, typically up to 1amp.
Triac strictly switch ac power. Like transistors triac o/p are silent, have no moving parts to wear, are fast and carry loads of 0.5 amps or less.
This section discusses the various aspects of input and output features of the micrologix 1500 controller. the controller comes with a certain amount of embedded I/O, which is physically located on the base unit. The controller also allows for adding expansion I/O. This section discusses the following I/O functions:
All embedded I/O is automatically configured to factory default settings and does not require setup. If you need to change the input filters for any DC input controller (1764-24BWA, 1764-28BXB), open RS Logix 1500. 1. 2. 3. 4. Open the controller folder. Open the I/O configuration folder Open slot (MICROLOGIX 1500) Select the I/O configuration tab.
1. You can change the filter settings for any of the input groups and configure the latching inputs from the screen.
RELAY 6 1764-28BXB 16 24V DC 12 RELAY,6FET DC embedded I/O can be configured for a number of special function that can be used in your application these are selectable I/N filters, high speed counting, event interrupts, latching I/N and high speed O/P.
If the application requires more I/O then the controller provides, the user can attach up to eight additional I/O modules. Compact I/O is used to provide discrete inputs and outputs and in the future specialty modules. The number of compact I/O that can be attached to the MICROLOGIX 1500 is dependent on the amount of current required by the I/O modules. 2.1.3 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT- CPU The CPU made up of a microprocessor and a memory system, forms the primary component of the PLC. The CPU reads the inputs, executes logics as dictated by the application program, performs calculations and controls the output. PLC users works with two areas of the CPU: program files and data files. Program files stores the user application program, subordinate files and the error files. Data files store data associated with the program such as input, counter/timer preset and accumulates the valves. Together, these two areas are called application memo0ry or user memory. Also the CPU carries an executing program or a system memory that directs and performs operation activities such as executing the user program and co-ordination scans and output updates. The user cannot access system memory, which is programmed by the manufacturer.2.1. 4 DATA, MEMORY AND ADDRESSING Memory is a physical space, data is and information stored in that space. The CPU operates just like a computer; it manipulates data using binary digits, or bits. Thus the data is a patter of electrical charges that represents the numerical values. CPU processes the stored data in 16 bit groups also known as words. Each word of data has a specific physical location in the CPU called an address or a register. When assigned address to input in a program, note that address is related to the terminal where input and output are connected. 2.1.5 PROGRAMMING DEVICE OPERATING CYCLE Component of the PLC system, come into play during the operating cycle, which consist of series of operation performed sequentially and repeatedly. Major elements of operating cycle are:
During the input scan, the PLC examine the external input devices for a voltage present or absent i.e. an OFF or ON condition. The status of input is temporarily stored in an input image memory file.
During the program scan PLC scans the instructions in the ladder logic program. The resultant status of the output is written to the output image memory file.
It is based on the data in the output image file. The PLC energizes or de-energizes its output circuits, controlling external devices.
Off state current max. 1.5mA On state voltage min. 10Vd.c On state current min. 2.0mA Nominal impedance 3killo-ohm 2.2.5 DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE (1769-OW8) Voltage category A.C/D.C normally open relay Operating voltage range 5 to 265V a.c. and 5 to 125V d.c. Number of outputs 8 Off state leakage max. 0 mA On state current min. 10mA at 5Vd.c Continuous current per common (max.) 8Amp Continuous current per module (max) 16Amp 2.3 MICROLOGIX 1500 SYSTEM The PLC used in our lab is purchased by AllenBradelTM. The name of the product is MicroLogix 1500. Allen-Bradley TM also provides the software by which one can interact with the PLC the name of software is RS Logix 500. This software is installed on the computer by which PLC is connected through series port (RS.2).the information about the Software and PLC available on the website of the AllenBradelTM is as follows: In a perfect world you would always know what's behind the next door. In the world of automation, the MicroLogix 1500 controller can help you open up new possibilities and get you to where you want to go with ease. This dynamic controller is a more powerful and expandable addition to the MicroLogix family:
Application flexibility and versatility with Compact I/O means a small footprint and expansion to over 100 I/O points. Large onboard non-volatile memory Real Time Clock (RTC) capabilities allow time scheduling of control Program portability allows user programs to be uploaded, downloaded and transported via Memory Modules Built in PID capabilities Data Access Tool for data monitoring and adjustment Eight Latching (pulse catch) inputs Four event interrupts Performance Approximate scan time for a typical 1K user program (includes timers, counters, etc.): 1 millisecond Simple bit instruction execution: 0.7 microseconds 2 millisecond selectable timed interrupt (STI) 1 millisecond timers Two 20 kHz high-speed counters each with eight modes of operation (up, down, up/down, quadrature, etc.) Two 20 kHz high-speed outputs (PTO or PWM with acceleration/deceleration profiles) Rugged tongue-and-groove package design, to provide strength and system reliability
May be expanded to include up to 16 Compact I/O modules Base Units continue to support up to eight modules (within the power budget of the base unit) with additional expansion through expansion cables and a number of expansion power supplies. Optional Features Data Access Tool (DAT) plug-in device Memory Module Real Time Clock (RTC) Module Combination Memory & RTC Module Expansion I/O modules for discrete and analog applications with a comprehensive selection of electrical configurations
2.4 RSLogix 500 The RSLogix family of ladder logic programming packages helps you maximize performance, save project development time, and improve productivity. This family of products has been developed to operate on Microsofts Windows operating systems. Supporting the Allen-Bradley SLC 500 and MicroLogix families of processors, RSLogix 500 was the first PLC programming software to offer unbeatable productivity with an industry-leading user interface. RSLogix 5 supports the AllenBradley PLC-5 family of programmable controllers. RSLogix 5000 provides support for the Logix5000s Highly Integrated Motion functionality. RSLogix offers reliable communications, powerful functionality, and superior diagnostics. These RSLogix products share:
Flexible, easy-to-use editors Common look-and-feel Diagnostics and troubleshooting tools Powerful, time-saving features and functionality
RSLogix programming packages are compatible with programs created with Rockwell Softwares DOS based programming packages for the PLC-5 or SLC 500 and MicroLogix families of processors, making program maintenance across hardware platforms convenient and easy. INTEROPERABILITY Rockwell Software provides you with the most powerful and completes programming products available today in the RSLogix family. The interoperability between RSLogix and Rockwell Softwares HMI package, RSView32, and communication package, RSLinx, positions RSLogix as the ultimate programming solution. With the Rockwell Software family of products, you have the ability to share your database with RSView32. You can create schematic drawings of your system directly from your RSLogix project using RSWire, automatically tune PID loops with RSTune, trend critical application parameters with RSTrend, or test and debug your ladder logic programs using RSLogix Emulate 5 or RSLogix Emulate 500.
3. LADDER LOGIC FUNDAMENTALS3.1 Programming Language of PLC A program is a user developed series of instructions or commands that direct the PLC to execute actions. A programming language provides rules for combining the instructions so that they produce the desired actions.
The most commonly used language for programming PLCs is ladder logic. In fact, more PLC programs are written in ladder logic than any other language. The ladder logic programming language is an adaptation of an electrical relay wiring diagram, also known as a ladder diagram. Because ladder logic is a graphical system of symbols and terms even those not familiar with electrical relay wiring diagrams can easily learn it. Other control languages occasionally used to program PLCs include BASIC, C and Boolean. These computer languages facilities programs that require complex instructions and calculations too cumbersome to implement with a ladder logic program. However, micro PLCs that can be programmed with BASIC and C are not widely available. The instructions used to program most micro PLCs are based on a combination of Boolean, ladder logic and mnemonic expressions. A mnemonic expression is a simple and easy to remember term which represents a complex or lengthy instruction. For example, TON stands for timer on. Different PLCs use slightly different instructions, and these can be found by consulting the users manual.3.2 Electrical Ladder Diagrams Ladder logic programs evolved from electrical ladders diagrams, which represent how electrical current flows through devices to complete an electric circuit. These diagrams show the interconnection between electrical devices in an easy-to-read graphical format that guides the electrician when wiring. An electrical diagram consists of two vertical bus lines, or power lines, with current flowing from the left bus to the right bus. Each electrical circuit in the diagram is considered a rung. Every rung has two key components: it contains at least one device that is controlled, and it contains the condition(s) that control the device, such as power from the bus or a contact from a field device. A rung is said to have electrical continuity when current flows uninterrupted from left to right across the rung (i.e. all contacts are closed). If continuity exists, then the circuit is complete and the device controlled by the rung turns on. If continuity does not exist, the device stays off. A PLC ladder logic program closely resembles an electrical ladder diagram. On an electrical diagram, the symbols represent real world devices and how they are wired. A PLC program uses similar symbols, but they represent ladder logic instructions for the application. A ladder logic program exists only in the PLCs software- it is not the actual power bus or the flow of current through circuits. Another difference is that in an electrical diagram. Devices are described as being open or closed (Off or on). In a ladder logic program, instructions are either True or False (however, the terms are often used interchangeably). Each rung in a ladder logic program must contain at least one control instruction (output) and usually contains one or more condition instructions (inputs). Condition instructions are programmed to the left of the control instruction. Examples of condition instructions include signals from connected input devices, contacts associated with outputs, and signals from timers and counters. Auxiliary holding contact M1 Rung PB1stop PB2start Motor L1 L2 Programmed on the right side of the rung, a control instruction is the operation or function that is activated/de-activated by the logic of the rung. Examples of control instructions include output energize (turn on the PLCs output circuitry to activate a field device) and
instructions internal to the PLC, such as bit commands, timers, counters and math commands. The control instructions are energized or de-energized based on the status of the condition instructions in the rung. The PLC does this by examining a rung for logical continuity (i.e. all condition instructions are evaluated as True). If logical continuity exists, the PLC energizes the control instruction. If logical continuity does not exist, then the PLC maintains the control pb1stop pb2start Auxiliary holding contact m11 motor L1 L1 R u n g Electrical continuity 3.3 LADDER LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS The most frequently used instructions in a PLC ladder logic program are normally open instruction, normally closed instruction, output energize instruction, these instructions are represented as symbols placed on the rungs of the program. 3.3.1 NORMALLY OPEN INSTRUCTION A normally open instructions examines a PLC memory location for an ON condition (i.e., it checks to se if the bit element at the instructions address is ON. For example, a NO push button (pb1) is wired to input terminal I/3 is scanned, that instruction is seen as true and the PLC energizes output O/4 during its output scan. When PB1 is released, the OFF status is written to address I/3, the no instruction is now false and the rung lacks logically continuity. During the PLCs output scan, O/4 will be deenergized. Input terminal on plc I/3 I/3 True Output terminal on plc Status of output ON Normally open instruction Output terminal on plc Status of output ON I/3 O/4 True False False Normally open instruction Input device Input terminal on plc O/4 3.3.2 NORMALLY CLOSED INSTRUCTION: A normally closed instruction examines the PLC memory for an OFF condition (i.e., it checks to se if the bit element at the instructions address is OFF or 0). If the PLC detects an OFF condition, the instruction is true and has logical continuity.
For example, a NO pushbutton (PB1) is wired to input terminal I/4 is programmed as a D.C. instruction. When PB1 is not pressed (OFF) that OFF status is written to input image memory location I/O during the PLCs input scan. When the rung containing the D.C. instruction with address I/O is scanned, that instruction is seen as true (not ON) and the PLC energizes output O/5 during the output scan. When PB1 is pressed, the ON status is written to address I/4 the D.C. instruction is now false and the rung lacks logical continuity. During the PLCs output scan, output O/5 will be deenergized. Output terminal on plc True True Normally closed instruction Input terminal on plc I/3 Normally closed instruction Input terminal on plc I/3 I/3 O/4 Output terminal on plc False False I/3 O/4 3.3.3 OUTPUT ENERGIZE INSTRUCTION Controlled by the condition instructions that precede it on a rung, the output energize instruction (OTE) turns on a bit element in the output image file when rung conditions are true. Output energize is the ladder logic equivalent of a relay coil on an electrical diagram. When logical continuity exists on a rung, the on condition (binary 1) is written to the location in memory associated with the output energize instruction. If the address is that of an external output device, the PLC energizes the output during the output scan. When the rung is False, the PLC de-energizes the output. The output energizes instruction controls real world devices (solenoid valves, motors, lights, etc.) or internal bit elements. Higher Level Instructions While relay logic is suitable for simple On/Off sensing and control, many applications require more powerful instructions. To allow this, enhanced ladder language commands have been developed. These instructions deal with numerical data beyond simple 1s or 0s by manipulating data in bytes or words. Examples of higher level instructions include counters, timers, sequencers, math, comparison and other operations that N.O., N.C., and OTE instructions cannot perform. To keep the implementation of these operations simple, higher-level instructions are usually represented in ladder logic programming as function blocks. Function blocks are literally programmed as blocks on the rung of a ladder program. Depending on their operation, higher level instructions can be either condition instructions (e.g. comparison instructions) or control instructions (e.g. timer or counter instructions). 3.3.4 COMBINING INSTRUCTIONS Two fundamental logic operations- AND and OR- provide the rules for governing how instructions are combined. AND Logic Condition instructions programmed in series are the ladder diagram equivalent of AND logic. For example, picture a metal stamping operation where the machine activates only if the
operator simultaneously pushes both a left-hand start button (X) AND a right hand start button (Y). The output of an AND equation will be True only if all conditions in series are True. If any condition is False, then the rung does not have logical continuity and the output will be off. OR Logic Condition instructions programmed in parallel are the ladder diagram equivalent of the OR operation. For example, imagine a conveyor that has two run switches, one located at each end. The conveyor could be configured to start if an operator pressed a start button at one end (X) OR the other (Y) The output of an OR equation will be True if any condition in parallel is True. If all conditions are False, then the rung does not have logical continuity and the output will be False. Branch Operations The function of a branch is to allow both condition and control instructions to be programmed in parallel in a single rung.
Condition instructions programmed in parallel are the equivalent of an OR operation. Control instructions programmed in parallel are the equivalent of an
3.3.5 PROGRAM EXECUTION Before reading how the PLC executes a ladder logic program, re-reading, Operating Cycle may be helpful. The PLC solves each rung sequentially from top to bottom of the program. Even if the output of the current rung (e.g., rung 5) affects a previous rung (e.g., rung 2), the PLC does not go back to solve the earlier rung until the next program scan. For the output of one rung to affect an instruction in another rung in the same scan, it must have a lower rung number than the rung it is to affect. That is, the controlling rung must be programmed before the controlled rung. While rungs are often ordered to show a sequence of events- the top most rung is the first event and so on- this is done purely for organizational convenience. In both electrical diagrams and ladder logic programs, rung order does not necessarily dictate the sequence of operation. Remember, the status of the condition instructions of each rung dictates the sequence in which outputs are controlled. 3.3.5 INSTRUCTION SET PLC has a very big instruction set which is similar to microprocessors instruction set we have studied in 8085. Categorized Instructions are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Compare Instructions Math Instructions Relay Type Instructions Timer and Counter Instructions Sequence Instructions PID Control Bit Shift FIFO and LIFO Instructions
This instruction (also called "examine on" or "normally opened") functions as an input or storage bit.
If the corresponding memory bit is a "1" (on), this instruction will allow rung continuity and outputs will be energized.
This instruction (also called "examine off" or "normally closed") functions as an input or storage bit. If the corresponding memory bit is a "1" (on), this instruction will not allow rung continuity and outputs on its rung will be de-energized (Note other factors may affect rung continuity). If the corresponding memory bit is a "0" (off), this instruction will assume its normal status and allow rung continuity and outputs on the rung will be energized (Again, other factors can influence rung continuity). If used as an input bit, its status should correspond to the status of real world input devices tied to the input image table by the identical addresses.
This instruction sets the specified bit when rung continuity is achieved (rung goes true). Under normal operating conditions, if the set bit corresponds to an output device, the output device will be energized when the rung goes true. If you are using a 5/02, 5/03, 5/04, 5/05 or MicroLogix processor, you can use indexed addresses. If you are using a 5/03 OS302, a 5/04 OS401, or a 5/05 processor, you can use indirect addresses. Output addresses are specified to the bit level.
Use the TON instruction to turn an output on or off after the timer has been on for a preset time interval. This output instruction begins timing (at either one second or one hundredth of a second intervals) when its rung goes "true." It waits the specified amount of time (as set in the PRESET), keeps track of the accumulated intervals which have occurred (ACCUM), and sets the DN (done) bit when the ACCUM (accumulated) time equals the PRESET time. As long as rung conditions remain true, the timer adjusts its accumulated value (ACC) each evaluation until it reaches the preset value (PRE). The accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go false, regardless of whether the timer has timed out.
Use the TOF instruction to turn an output on or off after its rung has been off for a preset time interval. This output instruction begins timing (at either one second or one hundredth of a second intervals) when its rung goes "false." It waits the specified amount of time (as set in the PRESET), keeps track of the accumulated intervals which have occurred (ACCUM), and resets the DN (done) bit when the ACCUM (accumulated) time equals the PRESET time. The Accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go true regardless of whether the timer has timed out.
An RTO function the same as a TON with the exception that once it has begun timing, it holds its count of time even if the rung goes false, a fault occurs, the mode changes from
REM Run or REM Test to REM Program, or power is lost. When rung continuity returns (rung goes true again), the RTO begins timing from the accumulated time which was held when rung continuity was lost. By retaining its accumulated value, retentive timers measure the cumulative period during which rung conditions are true.
EQU [Equal]
This input instruction is true when Source A = Source B. The EQU instruction compares two user specified values. If the values are equal, it allows rung continuity. The rung goes true and the output is energized (provided no other forces affect the rung's status). Entering Parameters Source A must be a word address. Source B can be a word address or program constant.
Use the NEQ instruction to test whether two values are not equal. If Source A and Source B are not equal, the instruction is logically true. If the two values are equal, the instruction is logically false.
This conditional input instruction tests whether one value (Source A) is less than another (Source B). If the value at Source A is less than the value at Source B, the instruction is logically true. If the value at Source A is greater than or equal to the value at Source B, the instruction is logically false. Entering Parameters Enter a word address for Source A. Enter a constant or a word address for Source B. Signed integers are stored in twos complement form.
This conditional input instruction tests whether one value (source A) is less than or equal to another (source B). If the value at source A is less than or equal to the value at source B, the instruction is logically true. If the value at source A is greater than the value at source B, the instruction is logically false. Entering Parameters Enter a word address for source A. Enter a constant or a word address for source B. Signed integers are stored in twos complement form.
This input instruction compares two user specified values. If the value stored in Source A is greater than the value stored in Source B, it allows rung continuity. The rung will go "true" and the output will be energized (provided no other instructions affect the rung's status). If the value at Source A is less than or equal to the value at Source B, the instruction is logically false. Entering Parameters
You must enter a word address for Source A. You can enter a program constant or a word address for Source B. Signed integers are stored in twos complementary form.
This input instruction compares two user specified values. If the value stored in Source A is greater than or equal to the value stored in Source B, it allows rung continuity. The rung will go true and the output will be energized (provided no other instructions affect the rung's status). If the value at Source A is less than the value at Source B, the instruction is logically false.
OR [Inclusive OR Operation]
When rung conditions are true, Sources A and B of the OR instruction are OR bit by bit and stored in the destination. Sources A and B can be either word addresses or constants; however, both sources cannot be a constant. You can enter a constant or a word address for either Source parameter. The destination must be a word address.
When rung conditions are true, the source of the NOT instruction is NOT bit by bit and stored in the destination. The source and destination must be word addresses. If you are using a 5/02, 5/03, 5/04, 5/05 or MicroLogix processor, you can use indexed addresses for the source or destination parameters. If you are using a 5/03 OS302, a 5/04 OS401, or a 5/05 processor, you can use indirect addresses for the source or destination parameters. NOT Truth Table Source Destination 0 1 1 0
When rung conditions are true, Sources A and B of the XOR instruction are Exclusive Oared bit by bit and stored in the destination. Sources A and B can be either word addresses or constants; however, both sources cannot be a constant. Floating point values must be within the range of [-102943.7, +102943.7].
When rung conditions are true, sources A and B of this output instruction are AND bit by bit and stored in the destination. Sources A and B can be either word addresses or constants; however, both sources cannot be a constant. The processor you are using you may use indexed or indirect addressing in this instruction.
4. VARIABLE VOLTAGE VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE 4.1 Introduction One of the major factors needed for the automation in industries is the speed control of the motor
without compensating on the efficiency and economy of the operation. The earliest and simplest method of the motor control was manual control, which was accomplished by plain knife switches, rotary switches, starting and speed control rheostats pushbuttons and controller. Since then many changes has come across in the method of control of motors and with the advancement made in the field of power electronics the easy control of A.C. motors has become possible, to a great extent and usage of A.C. motors in industries has increased owing to its light-weight, inexpensive, low maintenance, compared to D.C. motors. Most common device used for this purpose is the power converters, inverters, and A.C. voltage controllers. The latest trend in the industries to control the A.C. motors is to use a variable voltage variable frequency drive or variable speed controllers. They can control the frequency, voltage, and/or current to meet the drive requirement. Thus they can control the speed, direction of rotation of motor, its acceleration and deceleration time and as well as imply various modes of braking according to the requirement The Allen-Bradley company (U.S.A.) Company has introduced 160SSC (smart speed controller) series B, for this purpose and besides this other models are too available, according to the requirement and voltage/current ratings.4.2 Advantages of using VVVF drive or SSC 1. Reduceenergyusages and operating cost Reducing the speed of a centrifugal pump/fan load drastically reduces power consumption. Both SSC controller models offer the speed control to accomplish this. In addition the large reduction in starting current can save utility demand charges. 2. Reduces system Noise Adjustment of PWM switching frequency (up to 8 kHz) provides quite motor operation and controllers to solutions for electromagnetic noise problem. 3. Prolong equipment: Adjustable acceleration and deceleration time provides inherent soft starting and stopping. This is further enhanced by the controllers programmable s curve adjustment. This means a huge reduction in starting currents and elimination of excessive starting torques. 4. Eliminate electromechanical controls-Reduce system cost SSC controller allows the user to control the process without the need for:
Reversing starters Reduced voltage starters Multi speed starters Multi speed motor
5. Integral dynamic braking transistor The SSC controller has an additional transistor built in for applications that require extra braking torque. The dynamic brake resister module connects directly to the controllers terminals to provide up to 300% braking torque. Braking torque depends up on controller rating and motor. 6. Compact design Attaches directly to front of controller replacing keypad or Ready/fault panel and saves valuable panel space. 7. Quick installations Reduces installation time by allowing the user to configure node address via the network. 8. Electronic motor over load protection SSC does not require an over load relay for the operation of one motor. Thus saves the extra cost and panel space of installing a separate over load relay. 9. Multiple specific speeds
Can be made available for manufacturing and material handling e.g. conveyors, packaging, winders, mixers, trolleys and for commercial applications examples laundry machines, automatic doors, automatic car washes, dock levellers. (In case of preset speed module) 10. Follows analog signal It can be used in many applications that take advantage of the adjustability and simple control that comes from an analog signal. Example: 1. Fans and pumps- Refrigeration, paint booths, exhaust, HVAC, metering. 2. Machine tools- Lathes, milling machines, drill presses, saws, woodworking, grinders. 4.3 Details of VVVF Drive The A.B. 160 SSC series B comes in two different models i.e. analog signal follower and preset speed module. The major difference lying between them is that by using preset speed controller module, we can fix 8 different speeds for the motor by changing the preset frequency by programming it. It has an option of program keypad module, through which we can change the parameter required for the control of motor. The SSC (smart speed controller) is a compact motor speed controller for use on three-phase induction and synchronous A.C. motors. It is microprocessor controlled and fully programmable for a variety of applications. 1 3 phase phase Dynamic Power Coolin Output input input Input ratings braking torque Dissipation g ratings 50/60 50/60 (%) Watt method Hz Hz With Operating Without externa KW HP O/P Amps Voltage KVA external l range resistor resistor 160s- 160.37 1/2 2.3 180-265 1.1 100 300 20 Convection AA02 AA02 Control Inputs (analog signal follower model only) Analog input (4 to 20 mA) Input impedance 250 ohm Analog input (-10 to +10V DC) Input impedance 100k ohm External speed potentiometer 1k ohm to 10 k ohm, watt minimum Program keypad module Features: The program keypad module is located on the front panel of the controller. It features the following: # Five key on the module for display or programming controller parameter # Three keys for control inputs to the controller # Directional LEDs # six digit, seven segment LED display Four digits, seven segments LED display this four digit display the parameter value or fault code number Two digit, seven segment LED display These two digit display the active parameter number for both display and program parameter, which are designated as P## throughout this manual. Escape key- It allows you to toggle between the display mode and program mode. When in
program mode, this key also disables the editing of parameter value. Select key It is not only used while in program mode. It enables the editing of a parameter values. When you press this key the program mode indicator flashes. Up/down arrow keys - Are used to scroll through a list of parameters, or increase and decrease the parameter values. Press and hold either key to increase scrolling speed. Enter key When pressed, while in programming mode causes the current value displayed to be entered into memory. When you press this key the program mode indicator remains on, but stops fleshing. Starts Key - Initiates a start command when the controller is programmed for local start/stop control. (When P46- (input mode) is set to 2). Stop key- Initiates the motor to coast, ramp or D.C. brake to stop the motor depending on the setting of P 34 [stop mode]. Reverse key Pressing it causes the motor to ramp down to zero hertz and then ramp up to its set speed in the opposite direction. Directional LEDs to indicate the direction of rotation counter clockwise and clockwise LEDs. The counter clockwise Led eliminates constantly when the motor rotates in reverse direction. The clockwise LED eliminates constantly when the motor rotates in forward direction. Four-digit parameter display these four digits display the parameter value or fault code number. Display mode The controller always powers up in the display mode. While in this mode you may view all read only controller parameters, but not modify them. 4.4 PROGRAM MODE You enter the program mode by pressing the escape key (ESC). While in program mode, you can edit any programmable controllers parameters. Display and Program Parameters Descriptions Display Parameters Parameter Parameter Description Units name Output 0.0 to 240 1 0.1 Hz frequency Hz Output 0 to max. 2 1 volt voltage Voltage 0 to 2 times Output controller .01 3 current rated output amps current 0 to 2 times Output controller 4 .01 KW power rated output power 0 to 410v 5 Bus voltage for 230v 1 volt controllers Frequency 0.0 to 240 6 0.1 Hz command Hz 7 Last fault Retains fault Numeric
for trouble value shooting Heat sink 0 to 150 1degree temperature degree cent cent. Running, Controller forward, Binary status accelerating, number decelerating Used by AllenController Numeric Bradley type value field service personal Control Display firm Numeric version wire version value Displays the status of start, stop, Binary Input status and reverse number discrete inputs Power 0.00 to 90 .01 factor angle degrees degrees Used by Memory AllenNumeric probe Bradley value display field service personnel Displays the status of Preset Binary speed status number discrete inputs Parameter Factory Description Name Default Accel 0.1 to 600 10 time 1 sec. Decel 0.1 to 600 10 time 1 sec. Min. 0 to240 Hz 0 Frequency Max. 0 to240 Hz 60 Frequency Stop Three Ramp mode settings 1)
35 36
selection Ramp 2) Coast 3) D.C. injection braking Base 10 to 240 frequency Hz 20 to 230 Base V for 230V Voltage controllers 20 to 200% Motor of over load controller current rated current Four settingskeypad, 2wire, Input 3wire, mode momentary run fwd/run reverse Nine different Output settings for configure a variety of controller conditions Clear Resets fault fault Resets controller Reset to factory default default settings Protects Program users lock settings Selects source of Frequency frequency select (internal or external)
60 230
3 wire
5. PROCESS AUTOMATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION Digital computers were first applied to the industrial process control in late 1950s to
automate the processes like to control temperature, pressure, flow etc. The use of computer increased and dedicated microcontrollers were then used. One of the most ingenious devices ever devised to advance the field of industrial automation is the Programmable Logic Controller. Broadly, the PLC performs tasks like - acquisition of process data, processing of collected data, plant hardware monitoring, system check and diagnosis, and generates control actions. Industrial automation is being done in nearly every type of industry. Underlying most of this automation of big process is much more mundane tasks: turning equipment (pumps, conveyor belts etc.) on or off; opening and closing of valves; checking sensors to be certain they are working; sensing alarms when monitored signals go out of range etc. These logical functions can be implemented by PLCs In this project we are demonstrating some of the industrial process control with the help of programmable logic controller. Such processes which we are controlling have applications in domains of electroplating, painting electro reforming, drying, heating, drying and any such type of industrial processes The processes which are demonstrating in this project are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Lowering and raising a job Moving job laterally. Synchronizing the opening and closing of tank with lowering and rising of job. Controlling start/stop and speed of conveyer motor using VVVF drive. Counting of job using proximity switch. Synchronizing finished job placement on conveyer belt. Measurement of temperature using thermocouple. Displaying of temperature on digital indicator.
5.2 DESCRIPTION OF MODEL To demonstrate the above objectives we have constructed a model, the details of which are given systematically below. In this model we are using following items: S.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY 1 Container Tin(19height,28cm diameter) 1 2 DC gear motor 24 volts separately excited with permanent magnet 2 3 Pulley and Gear 2,1 4 Relay( 8 terminals) 24 volts 2 Diagram of the model 5.2.1 CONTAINER We have used a tin circular container of 30 centimeter diameter and forty five centimeter height for containing the useful liquid or device for the desired purpose .The lead of container is open one forth only. A sliding lead is riveted to main lead which meshes with gear of motor. 5.2.2 DC GEAR MOTOR We used a 24 volt DC motor for the desired operation.D.C motor can rotate in both the direction by changing the polarity. We used gear motor because of smooth operation and high torque. One motor is synchronized with the cap of container as well as job piece and second motor rotates with the arm of the model. 5.2.3 PULLEY AND GEAR Gear is used to mesh with the cap of container. It opens and closes the container cap. Pulley is used to wrap the rope of the job piece. Both are mounted on same shaft. The diameter of pulley is 3.5 cm which transmit power to another pulley of diameter of 1cm and increase the number of revolution per minute. Another pulley of 3.5 cm diameter is mounted on same
shaft on which rope is mounted. The pitch circle diameter of gear is 4.5 cm which open and close the lid. 5.2.4 RELAY We used 24 volts relay for reversing the direction of motor, having six terminals for reversing the direction of motor and two terminals for energizing the coil. The centre terminals is used to input supply and outer four terminal is cross connected and output is taken from their. when coil is energies then polarity is reverse and coil is deaneries then its output of same polarity. 5.2.5 WOODEN STRUCTURE We used shisham wood for the structure which gives the desired construction of the model. A flat base is used to put the container and proper standing of model 5.2.6 ROPE We use nylon thread for the carrying of job. It is rolling on the 3.5 diameter pulley. OUTPUTS GIVEN OUT FROM PLC OUTPUT ADDRESS Motor 1 O:2/6 Motor 2 O:2/5 Relay 1 O:2/7 Relay 2 O:2/4 Digital controller O:4/0 Temperature hi alarm O:0/11 VVVF drive O:2/1 INPUTS GIVEN TO PLC INPUT ADDRESS To control the starting of operation I:0/0 Accept I:1/1 Test I:1/3 Proximity sensor I/P I:1/7 Emergency switch I:1/0 5.3 MOTION CONTROL USING PLC Object To lower and raise a job in a container by means pulley and motor and place the job on the conveyor belt using an arm control. Basic Idea The basic idea behind this program is to control the direction of rotation of the motor. The placement of the motor should also be such that the transmission of mechanical power to the pulley can be done using belt drive. The job then can be raised or lower logically through the PLC. Implementation In this project we are controlling a typical industrial processes by the PLC in this project we are controlling our model with the help of DC gear motors. The step of operation as follow: STEP 1 We put job on the arm and arm motor start rotation for 2.48sec. & rest above the container for starting the operation to be perform on the job. STEP 2 Motor1 rotate in anti-clock wise direction with the help of relay 1 for 10.4sec. The container will open & job moves into the container. STEP 3
The motor -1 rotates clock wise without relay for 10.42sec. The container will close and the job will comes out. STEP 4 Arm motor rotates in anti clockwise direction with out relay for 2.9sec & the arm goes over the conveyer belt and drop the job on it. STEP 5 Arm motor rotate clock wise for 5.3sec and bring arm to its initial position. After that the next cycle starts after 4.5sec. OPERATION:In this process we have used the timer instruction for performing the operation for the specified duration. In all we have used 9 timers T4:1-T4:9.The output of timer T4:2 goes to T4:1 whose output comes back to T4:2 for initializing the whole process after 43sec. T4:3 timers are used for the pause of 2.48 sec. After that T4:4 timers are used for rotating the motor 1 for 10.42sec with relay. T4:5 are used for pause of 5sec for completing the process to be done on the job.T4:6 are used for closing the lid of container. It takes 10.42sec.T4:7 are used for rotation of the arm motor for 2.9sec.T4:8 are used for the pause of 2.3sec.T4:9 are used to bring the arm in its initial position for 5.35sec.This cycle is repeated sequentially and continuously for desired number of times. 5.4 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Object To sense the temperature of any particular device and simulation for the condition of fault occurrence in the device. Basic Idea The basic idea behind this program is to basically indicate the temperature of any device through the digital indicator and to sense the temperature value for the faulty condition and to stop the process automatically so that the fault can be removed and then again restart the process. Implementation To implement the above program we have a temperature sensor which senses the temperature of particular device and sends it to the CPU through the RTD converter and the CPU calibrate it and gives the output to the digital indicator so that the temperature of that device can be measured. In case of any faulty condition the CPU which is continuously sensing the temperature and giving the output senses the high temperature and stops the process and activates an indicator which is a flasher so that it can be known that which fault has occurred in the process. And the process remains stop until the fault is accepted and removed. Operation In the given program at rung 0 the input scaling of the temperature is done so that the reading of the temperature from the RTD converter goes to the CPU and at the very next rung the reading is calibrated according to the scale so gives the output at the digital indicator. If the temperature increases more than the prescaled value the function GRT will give the high output to the flasher (O: 0/11). This flasher is used in the series of every output for suddenly stop the operation. The above conditions remain as it is until the temperature remains below the presettable limit. It has preset value one so its done bit goes high in first increment and which stops the blinking of LED and glow it constantly. and the process is going on Now to again restart the whole process the fault has to be removed and the temperature should become to its desired value. We have used a thermocouple for measuring of temperature that will convert in the digital signal and indicated on the temperature indicator. 5.5 SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR USING VVVF DRIVE Object To control the speed of a motor by the help of variable voltage and variable
frequency drive controlled by the PLC. Basic Idea The basic phenomenon to control the speed of any motor is to control its input voltage or to control its frequency and this job is performed by the VVVF drive. Implementation To implement this program as ladder logic firstly its scaling has to be done so that it may run with the desired speed given in the computer. To scale any output or input the SCP (Scale w/parameters) instruction is used. Operation When the control switch TG#1 which is addressed at I:0/0 is switched on which gives the output to the VVVF drive and the motor connected to the this drive starts running. There is also an emergency stop button which can be pressed in case of any emergency occurred while the process is running. In the SCP (Scale w/parameter) instruction the scaling is done to control the speed of motor the input given to it is the percentage value of the scaled values. And what ever may be the input is given in the SCP instruction the speed of the motor becomes high and low according to it. 5.6 CONVEYOR SYSTEM Object To implement the conveyor system on a VVVF controlled motor and to count the number of the pieces passing through the conveyor. Basic Idea The basic idea behind this program is to count any number of pieces passing through the conveyor belts which are sensed by the proximity switch. Implementation To implement this program the proximity switch is placed to the suitable distance from the conveyor belt. When any piece passes through the proximity sensor it gives a high pulse which is fed to the PLC and the counter placed in the program counts the number of pieces moving on it up to the preset value given to the counter. Operation When the motor is started by the switch TG#1 the conveyor starts to move in forward direction along with the pieces kept on it. The proximity switch inputs to the PLC when it senses any ferrous material passing through it at the address I:1/7 which increments the counter C5:0 by one and also glows a RED LED addressed at O:0/0 as per the count. After one count of the counter C5:0 the another counter C5:1 is incremented by one and since its preset value is one so its done bit goes high in one increment and thus it stop the motor and also activates a timer T4:0 associated with it which counts for the given time period and then resets the counter C5:1 and thus motor is again started. Thus the delay of desired time period can be obtained with the help of this timer after each count so that any operation can be performed to the job counted by the proximity switch and after that operation the motor automatically restarts. When the counter C5:0 counts 10 pieces the RED LED glows which is addressed at O:0/3. And after it counts 20 pieces another LED glows next the above LED and the very next to this glows after 30 count and similarly the LED addressed at O:0/8 glows after 40 pieces. After the done bit of counter C5:0 goes high a RED LED addressed at O:0/10 glows and the counter stops counting the pieces.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
User Manual, Allen BradleyTM Micro Logix 1500 Programmable Controller User Manual, Allen BradleyTM 160 SSC Variable Speed Controller Allen BradleyTMs URL http://www.ab.com/plclogic/ Rockwell Automations URL www.rockwellautomation.com MicroMentor, Allen BradleyTM, Rockwell International Company
8. APPENDIX A INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION 1. XIC Examines a bit for an ON condition 2. XIO Examines a bit for an OFF condition 3. OTE Turn ON or OFF a bit(non-retentive) 4. OTL Latch a bit ON (retentive) 5. OTU Unlatch a bit OFF (retentive) 6. OSR Detects an OFF to ON transition [It sets a bit for false to true (one scan)] 7. OSF It sets a bit for true to false (one scan) 8. TON Delay turning ON an output on a true rung 9. TOF Delay turning OFF an output on a false rung 10. RTO Delay turning on an output from a true rung. The accumulator is retentive. 11. CTU Count Up 12. CTD Count Down 13. RES Reset the RTO and counters ACC and status bits (not used with TOF timers) 14. EQU Test whether two values are equal (=) 15. NEQ Test whether one value is not equal to a second value. 16. GRT Test whether one value is greater than a second value. 17. GEQ Test whether one value is greater than or equal to a second value. 18. LEQ Test whether one value is less than or equal to second value. 19. MEQ Test portions of two values to see whether they are equal. 20. LIM Test whether one value is within the range of two other values. 21. ADD Add two values. 22. SUB Subtract two values. 23. MUL Multiply two values. 24. DIV Divide one value by another. 25. NEG Change the sign of the source value and place it in the destination. 26. CLR Set all bits of a word to zero. 27. SCL Scale a value. 28. SCP Scale value to a range determined by creating a linear relationship. 29. SQR Find the square root of a value. 30. DCD Decodes a 14-bit value (0 to15), turning ON the corresponding bit in the 16-bit destination 1. ENC Encodes a 16-bit source to a 4-bit value. Searches the source from the lowest to the highest bit, and looks for the first set bit. The corresponding bit position is written to the destination as an integer.
1. FRD Converts the BCD source value to an integer and stores, in the destination. 2. TOD Converts the integer source value to BCD format and stores it in the destination. 3. AND Performs an AND operation 4. OR Performs an inclusive OR operation 5. XOR Performs an exclusive OR operation 6. NOT Performs a NOT operation 7. MOV Move the source value to the destination. 8. MVM Move data from a source location to a selected portion of the destination. 9. COP Copy a range of data from one file location to another. 10. FLL Load a file with a program constant of a value from an element address. 11. BSL Load and unload data into a bit array one at a time. 12. BSR. Load and unload data into a bit array one at a time. 13. FFL Load words into a file and unload them in the same order (first in, first out). 14. FFU Load words into a file and unload them in the same order (first in, first out). 15. LFL Load words into a file and unload them in reverse order (last In, last Out) 16. LFU Load words into a file and unload them in reverse order (last In, last Out) 17. SQC Compare 16-bit data with stored data. 18. SQO Transfer 16-bit data to word addresses 19. SQL Load 16-bit data into a file. 20. JMP Jump forward/backward to a corresponding label instruction. 21. LBL Jump forward/backward to a corresponding label instruction. 22. JSR Jump to a designated subroutine and return. 23. SBR Jump to a designated subroutine and return. 24. RET Jump to a designated subroutine and return. 25. SUS Debug or diagnose your user program. 26. TND Abort current ladder scan 27. END End a program or subroutine 28. MCR. Enable or inhibit a master control zone in your ladder program. 29. IIM Update data prior to the normal input scan 30. IOM Update outputs prior to the normal output scan. 31. REF Interrupt the program scans to execute the input/output scan


text: New Century Mortgage License or Case Number: File Nos. 413-0120; 413-0331 Date of Initial Action: Defendants/Respondents: New Century Mortgage; Home123 Corporation; Documents: Accusation Order to Discontinue Violations and Unsafe and Injurious Practices pursuant to California Financial Code sections 50321 and 50322 and Statement in Fact in Support Thereof (see also Home123 Corporation) Order Revoking Residential Mortgage Lender and Residential Mortgage Loan Servicer License Desist & Refrain Order To check the status of this licensee, please use our Self-Service Portal, DOCQNET. If you have questions or need assistance, please call our Customer Service Office at: 1-866-275-2677 Key Consumer Links Consumer Alerts Consumer Advisories File a complaint Search for DBO Licensees Actions, Orders and Administrative Hearing Decisions Submit a Public Records Request News & Info Links Newsroom Press Releases Monthly Bulletins Important Notices Resources Archive Last updated: Sep 12, 2019 @ 12:51 pm


text:
iCONCUR: informed consent for clinical data and bio-sample use for research.
Journal Article
Implementation of patient preferences for use of electronic health records for research has been traditionally limited to identifiable data. Tiered e-consent for use of de-identified data has traditionally been deemed unnecessary or impractical for implementation in clinical settings.We developed a web-based tiered informed consent tool called informed consent for clinical data and bio-sample use for research (iCONCUR) that honors granular patient preferences for use of electronic health record data in research. We piloted this tool in 4 outpatient clinics of an academic medical center.Of patients offered access to iCONCUR, 394 agreed to participate in this study, among whom 126 patients accessed the website to modify their records according to data category and data recipient. The majority consented to share most of their data and specimens with researchers. Willingness to share was greater among participants from an Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) clinic than those from internal medicine clinics. The number of items declined was higher for for-profit institution recipients. Overall, participants were most willing to share demographics and body measurements and least willing to share family history and financial data. Participants indicated that having granular choices for data sharing was appropriate, and that they liked being informed about who was using their data for what purposes, as well as about outcomes of the research.This study suggests that a tiered electronic informed consent system is a workable solution that respects patient preferences, increases satisfaction, and does not significantly affect participation in research.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Kim, H; Bell, E; Kim, J; Sitapati, A; Ramsdell, J; Farcas, C; Friedman, D; Feupe, SF; Ohno-Machado, L
Published Date
- March 2017
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 24 / 2
Start / End Page
- 380 - 387
PubMed ID
- 27589942
Pubmed Central ID
- 27589942
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 1067-5027
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1093/jamia/ocw115
- eng


text:
Meryl Sawyer is the New York Times-bestselling author of more than twenty-five romantic suspense novels. Among her accolades are the Romantic Times Career Achievement Awards for Contemporary Romantic Suspense and Contemporary Romance, the Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award for Romantic Suspense, and the Georgia Romance Writers' Maggie Award for Contemporary Romance. Sawyer grew up in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and lives in Newport Beach, California, with her golden retriever.
Thunder Island
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Tanya Eby
Secrets, lies, and murder take place when a mystery man doesn't want Jen and Kyle to reunite.
"Sawyer...adds whimsy to her satisfying romantic suspense with quirky hotel guests (an inseparable set of twins, a stripper, an eccentric homosexual named Plotzy) and the busybody owner." - Publishers Weekly
Released August 16, 2016
English, Unabridged
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Erin Bennett
A man saves the life of a woman who has no memory of her identity—and may be a dangerous criminal.
"...Bennett's narration and some of Sawyer's plot twists make the audiobook memorable." - Library Journal
Released January 24, 2017
English, Unabridged
Trust No One (Meryl Sawyer)
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Amy McFadden
A woman, who is engaged to the heir of a great wine dynasty, falls in love with his twin brother.
"Meryl Sawyer is an author who always entertains." - New York Times–bestselling author Heather Graham
Released October 11, 2016
English, Unabridged
Half Moon Bay
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Emily Beresford
A fatal car crash gives a hunted woman a second chance in this sizzling tale of romantic suspense.
"For romance, passion and thrills, read Meryl Sawyer." - New York Times bestselling author Susan Elizabeth Phillips
Released July 26, 2016
English, Unabridged
Tempting Fate
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Rachel Vivette
A journalist enters a world of danger when she blows the cover of a deadly covert operative.
"A riveting work of romantic suspense...near perfection." - Publishers Weekly
Released September 30, 2016
English, Unabridged
Closer Than She Thinks
By Meryl Sawyer
Read by Joyce Bean
Passion and revenge collide when a woman must return to the place that nearly ruined her life.
"Meryl Sawyer has become a brand name known for taut, sexy and very intriguing romantic suspense." - Romantic Times
Released November 15, 2016
English, Unabridged


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Guest written by Glen Formoy, head of marketing and events at Southwell Minster.
What have Robin Hood, Romeo and Juliet and Alice (of Wonderland fame) got in common? Well, they all performed here in the grounds of Southwell Minster last year for our best season of outdoor theatre yet. Around 1,000 people took in a show in the glorious summer of 2018 and we saw queues a (proverbial) mile long a good 45 minutes before the doors even opened, such was the clamour to bag a good picnic spot near the front.
The unmistakable smells of sausage rolls, olives, quiche and pizzas and other more fancy picnic favourites wafted through The Archbishop's Palace gardens as friends and family sat down to their feast whilst being royally entertained.
So a quick recap of what happened in 2018…
Robin defeated the evil Sheriff of Nottingham, Romeo and Juliet both died (still), and Alice fell through a hole (luckily no holes were dug in our lovely manicured gardens – otherwise our head gardener wouldn't have been too pleased).
The heatwave of 2018
Now you'll all remember the heatwave that was the summer of 2018, and that ONE day it rained…and by rained I of course mean hammered it down! And OF COURSE, that one day was when we had our biggest audience ever for Romeo and Juliet – the date of 20 July forever etched in the mind of the 400+ soggy guests who stayed right until the end such was the brilliance of the performance by the hilarious girls from The HandleBards. Soggy quiches were still eaten, glasses of wine were diluted and topped up from the heavens, and laps were soaked – but still people enjoyed themselves and left with huge grins on their faces.
And now we reach the summer of 2019 and we have three more wonderful shows lined up for you. Coming up in 2019
First up, Pride and Prejudice by Chapterhouse Theatre Company on Wednesday 3 July. Take a step back in time with Chapterhouse Theatre Company to meet Elizabeth Bennet, Jane Austen's notorious heroine. When Elizabeth meets the terse and abrupt Mr. Darcy, she loathes him at first sight. But is there more to him than meets the eye? Brought to life by award-winning writer Laura Turner, this adaptation has been a favourite of Chapterhouse audiences for years and will be a joy to perform in the company's 20th year of touring. Join friends and family for an evening of theatre beneath the stars, basking in the glow of this timeless classic.
The Tempest
Next up sees the girls from The HandleBards return with their side-splitting take on The Tempest on Saturday 27 July.
Back by popular demand after last year's sell-out performance of Romeo & Juliet, the girls from The HandleBards return once again for what promises to be an evening full of hilarity.
Performed in the beautiful gardens of The Archbishop's Palace behind Southwell Minster, The Tempest tells the story of a shipwreck which washes the court of Milan up onto a mysterious desert island, inhabited by magicians, sprites and monsters, where nothing is as it seems…
Join the all-female cast for a riotous evening filled with magic, music and Shakespearean mayhem.
And last but not least, the boys from The HandleBards are back (after a break in 2018) with Much Ado About Nothing on Wednesday 7 August.
A group of soldiers return from the war to a household in Messina, causing the kindling of new love interests and the re-kindling of old rivalries. The parallel love stories of Beatrice, Benedick, Claudio and Hero become entangled with plotting, frivolity and melodrama in Shakespeare's famous comedy. Join the four-strong, all-male cast for a barnstorming, bicycle-powered production, filled with drunkenness, mayhem and cross-dressing a plenty.
And in case you need a drink…
It wouldn't be outdoor theatre without a bar, and this year, Southwell Minster staff will be running a very reasonably priced bar, serving wine, beer, cider and soft drinks, with all proceeds helping to support the ongoing costs of the Minster.
So come along for a fab night of entertainment set against the ancient ruins of The Archbishop's Palace and bring your friends and picnics (and chairs or rugs) – and pray for some sun!
All shows start at 6.30pm (doors 5.45pm) and tickets for all are available from The Cathedral Shop (in person or on 01636 812933) or online at www.southwellminster.org/theatre But be quick, tickets are selling even faster this year than last and we're on course for sell-outs for all three!
Previous Blog Posts 2019
A Weekend of the Very Best of Music – Newark Festival, Jun 3, 2019
Joyful June – A Weekend of Festivals, May 28, 2019
Summer Festivals 2019, May 20, 2019
Fun for Everyone in Newark & Sherwood this May Half Term, May 13, 2019
Shopping in Southwell this Spring, May 7, 2019
Early Bank Holiday Fun, Apr 29, 2019
The Adventures of Robin Woof, Apr 8, 2019
Easter Fun in Newark & Sherwood, Apr 1, 2019
The History and Culture of Newark & Sherwood, Mar 4, 2019
Half Term Fun in Newark & Sherwood, Feb 11, 2019
Combat Blue Monday in Newark & Sherwood, Jan 21, 2019
Shop Independently in the Picturesque town of Southwell, Jan 14, 2019


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Into the extraordinary mystery murmured in the garden and uncovered in the happening to Christ. Guarantees of "I do" push open the blinds. A ring marks me as a performer in the play. The world and the glorious host watch the two-man creation. Marriage is paradise's dramatization performed on a natural stage.
At the outset, God directed the primary marriage. As winged creatures sang from their branches, as twist moved in the trees, as creeks prattled and crickets peeped, as wolves wailed and lions thundered, the man calmed creation with a melody to his dearest. God consolidated them. Also, with that first marriage, God prompted a smaller than expected dramatization of eternity's Greatest Romance. A Groom was coming.
Hundreds of years passed, and an infant was conceived in Bethlehem. He uncovered what marriage dependably prognosticated: agreement love for his lady. Shakespeare's beginner scribblings redden before what heavenly attendants viewed enchanted. A Messiah's affection offered significance to marriage.
In this divine play, she is given a role as the congregation, and I, as they prepare. I tremble.
The bum assumes the job of his King. The animal plays Creator. The heathen emulates flawlessness. The hireling performs in the interest of his God — all before his grinning eyes. My lines, my activities, my part should be this present: Christ's fierce love for his kin.
I am called to channel my Master's affection. I should love like him who traded paradise's wealth for natural destitution; blessed messengers' commendations for human contempt; the honored position of paradise for a steady's trough; divine wonder for corroded nails; his Father's grin for all-powerful anger. Each open injury sang a poem to his lady.
I should showcase the sentiment of one who wedded a laborer to make her a ruler, endured damnation to make her unadulterated, and opened his veins to respect her into heaven. Instruct me to increase portions of bread or stroll on the seething oceans previously this — those appear to be increasingly feasible.
I am not her Savior. I have crossed seas for her; he crossed worlds. I will sign a pledge with her in ink; he marked his in blood. I would bite the dust for her; he has passed on for her. I want to cherish her splendidly; he has done as such and dependably will.
God, Help Me
Our affection, however fragrant with special satisfaction, is nevertheless one blossom upon the slope. This day, in the entirety of its enjoyment, faintly echoes the moving toward day, when we will wake from this world as from an awful dream. Multi day when sin's spell will be broken, the revile on creation broke, and we will observe our Bridegroom eye to eye.
Until that day, this marriage will moan with all of creation, yearning for the shadows to escape for the substance, the brokenness for the genuine Happily Ever After. Up to that point, this agreement will puncture through the murkiness, predicting the happening to ceaseless day. Up to that point, this affection will look to the skyline, hanging tight for him.
Until the point when he comes, my undying dedication to her, my unending have a great time her, my inebriating love for her paints the altruism of Christ's love for his dearest. God, encourage me.
My peculiarity towards her, in body and heart, depicts God's unfaltering devotion to his kin. God, encourage me.
My otherworldly administration of her in energetic activity and euphoric altruism speaks to the delicate intensity of Christ's sustaining headship. God, encourage me.
To the Bride
My affection, today we venture into an option that is more prominent than us.
You are a lily among thorns. You are the crown of my head. You are a bird, taking off over every single other lady in my regard and fondness. You are my closest companion. You are the my absolute favorite. Christ's picked and mine.
My affection, today, we venture into an option that is more noteworthy than us.
Today, we step onto the stage together. My spirit cheers in you, most attractive little girl of the King. For a considerable length of time, I've petitioned God for you. For a considerable length of time, I've developed in stand amazed at you. Today, I get the chance to wed you.
Today, we venture into an option that is more prominent than us. Tomorrow, we venture into endlessness.


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I can remember sitting in a women's group hearing the testimony of another woman thinking to myself, "How did she know my story?" As she described the abuse she endured, I became uncomfortable in my seat. Part of me wanted to run out of the meeting and the other part of me felt slightly relieved to know that I was not alone. I had buried the sexual abuse that I had been subjected to and acted as though it had never happened. I often told myself that if I didn't remember it, then it didn't happen. That thinking, unfortunately, did more damage than good both mentally and emotionally.Read More
While it is tempting to equate all kinds of abuse as pretty much the same, narcissistic abuse has a few characteristics outside the boundaries of emotional abuse. Obviously narcissistic abusers are emotionally abusive, but the goals of a narcissist are significantly different from those of a person who is emotionally abusive. Knowing the difference is helpful. Narcissistic abuse requires a different approach to recovery, though the healing path from any kind of abuse is difficult.Read More


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So we made the decision to come and have a couple of beers. We arrived at 8:30pm and were seated and attended (as the place was dead), we ordered our beer with the waitress and at 9 pm, security came to my table letting us know that they had a cover charge at the door.😂 Okay I been inside for half an hour and now at 9:30 he comes and says "we charge after 9pm" ? What is the point of me getting here early if you still charge me as if I came in after 9pm?
My husband and I decided to give this place a try last night and we were disappointed. We sat in the section below the bar and we're the only ones in there so we seemed to be forgotten. The menu has guacamole as an appetizer so I asked the waitress for an order, she said we don't have that right now. The waitress was not friendly and seemed annoyed. So we order our food and with my husbands food comes slices of avocado?? But no guacamole?? The food was not good and unfortunately We would not recommend this place. Management I've seen your responses to other reviews, please don't respond with an excuse just ask you staff to create a better experience for your customers and let your cooking staff know they are representing your restaurant name and reputation with each plate they send out.
Tried to go eat here... only giving one star because we tried to go at 8:40 and the doors were locked and closed. Hours say open til 11, door has a sign that says open until 10, but apparently they didn't want any more customers 🤷🏼♀
Great atmosphere, friendly staff, great food and very clean.
My husband and I along with family decided to come here to celebrate that we got married. They charge after 10 and we got kicked out at 1130pm because we had our kids they should just make it a no kids restaurant. We paid more than 400 dollars and the waiter came to our table twice from 8pm all the way to 1130 our food was wrong she kept bringing stuff that was not ordered and what was ordered we never got. Our check was wrong and when we asked her to split our bill she got more upset and didn't want to give us a split check. They're really rude unprofessional and very disrespectful. I use to come here a lot before and it was nothing like this now it's horrible service.
Your one-stop place to find out where to sing Karaoke!


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Cheaper Funerals Eartham
Sussex Funeral Services Offers You a Variety of Funeral Packages and Options at the Loss of a Loved One in Eartham. We offer stress-free Funeral Services and Different Options to Fit Your Preference. Affordable, Private, Direct Cremation and Burial Packages. Our 'No Fuss' funeral package differs from the traditional funeral options in a significant way. This gives you the option to separate any ceremony from the cremation and leaves families free to arrange a memorial or celebration of life away from the crematorium and in their own time.
Direct Cremation Services with Sussex Funeral Services:
From £699, this package includes the following:
For services in this package:
• Collection of the body from a location within 10 miles (extra charges will be incurred for out of hours)
• Personal hygiene care of the deceased
• Viewing in our Family Viewing Room, within office hours if required
• Personal hygiene of the deceased is also taken care of as part of this package.
• Coffin suitable for cremation is provided
• Viewing in our Family Viewing Room (viewing can be arranged during office hours if required)
• Doctors Fee
We also offer Direct Burial Services.
This is also known as 'Direct to Graveside' service. We cleanse and dress the body with clothes provided or with calico cotton sheeting, ensuring that we do not use any unnecessary invasive treatments.
We also:
• Collecting the body within 10 miles (there will be additional charges for out of hours)
• Taking care of the personal hygiene of the deceased
• Provide coffin suitable for burial
• Conveying to a Brighton & Hove Cemetery in our Hearsette
• Convey to a Brighton & Hove Cemetery in our Hearsette
• Pick a burial slot on a day and time of our choosing
Costs of Burial Plots
Prices range from £970 to £1500 depending on your chosen location.
For plots in Hove Cemetery, Woodland Valley, Lawns Memorial, Clayton Wood or Eden Valley Natural Burial Ground, cost ranges from £970 to £1500 (including a tree planting).
Is the "No Fuss" right for you?
The 'No Fuss' package is an affordable alternative to traditional options. This could be as a result of family choice or budgetary constraints. Based on the understanding that clients have different requirements, Sussex Funerals practical alternatives to fit any situation. This is why we have the 'No Fuss', direct cremation or direct to grave burial options that can help those in need. The 'No Fuss', direct cremation or direct to grave burial options can help those who do not want a large funeral, or who need more affordable alternatives. We have very supportive staff who work to grant your wishes in this difficult time, ensuring that your dignity is upheld. The arranging of a funeral for a family member in Eartham or loved one is one of the hardest things most have to face. From experience, we understand the need to offer additional services that allows clients choose a simple burial ceremony or cremation. The provision of basic and direct funeral services in Eartham is a requirement that is expected of members of the Funeral Director Industry Association. Based on a Which? consumer survey, a lot of funeral directors do not advertise this option. We ensure that at Sussex Funeral Services, you have all the support that you need, by offering you options that reflect our commitment to helping you through this difficult time.
Personalized, Non-Religious or Traditional Ceremonies
In addition to more traditional packages, we offer a fully personalized service to suit all types of ceremony, whether religious or non-religious.
Full Price Listing
We offer a full list of pricing to guide you and your family as to all extra charges, from transport to flowers, music to willow caskets. These can befit your every personal taste, while attempting to soothe some of the strain at this traumatic time.
We pride ourselves on offering a fully transparent funeral service to help your family in their most important time of need. We hope that by openly providing direct funerals we can ease some of the expectation and financial distress often entailed.
Our compassionate and ethical approach to arranging a funeral or cremation is upheld personally by our funeral director, Philip, who hopes to help you in your time of need with a package that suits your wishes, completely.
Helping You and Your Loved Ones in Eartham
As a funeral directors, we believe in transparency and integrity and we are one of the few Brighton funeral directors who want you to know all of our packages and all of your options Offering a clear and principled range of funeral options, we want you to feel able to trust that we understand those who wish for a more affordable or private funeral arrangement. The shattering and traumatic loss of a family member or loved one will naturally mean much emotional and practical upheaval, and in many cases, financial strains. The experienced staff at Sussex Funeral Services are well aware of how difficult organising a funeral in Eartham can be. With this firmly in mind, it has been brought to our attention that a number of those experiencing loss of a loved one are not made aware of simple, compassionate funeral packages that exist to help ease the strain of loss and the monetary implications that can also follow.
•Sussex Funeral Services offer a fully bespoke burial or cremation service
•Help and support every step of the way
•Fully experienced, compassionate team
•No hidden charges – we pride ourselves on our transparency
•Simple, direct burial and cremation packages also available
•Contact us today so that we may help you in this difficult time
Fulfilling Your Wishes in Eartham
As a funeral directors, we believe in transparency and integrity and we are one of the few Brighton funeral directors who want you to know all of our packages and all of your options Affordable options are especially suitable to those in need of a simple and lower cost funeral arrangement. Knowing how huge an upheaval losing a loved one can be, we are committed to offering you the most suitable funeral for your situation. The experienced staff at Sussex Funeral Services are well aware of how difficult organising a funeral in Eartham can be. As a result, we know that by offering a range of funeral options, you can retain some kind of control and freedom in a resolutely difficult time. We are proud to offer affordable packages, to help you with any financial worries or implications that a funeral, however unexpected, may cause.
•Sussex Funeral Services offer a fully bespoke burial or cremation service
•Help and support every step of the way
•Fully experienced, compassionate team
•No hidden charges – we pride ourselves on our transparency
•Simple, direct burial and cremation packages also available
•Contact us today so that we may help you in this difficult time
Our clients' feedback and comments are very important to us.
"Thank you so much for conducting the funeral service on Monday, 20th July, for my mother, Grace – I was a little disappointed that there were so few of us at the service but we did manage to sing 'Jerusalem' quite strongly with the help of the organist!
You helped us in a very sad day, giving us the time to remember and honour a loved one -you treated our Mum with such respect and dignity". – K. Sherlock.
"We'd like to stress that we enjoyed meeting you very much and were impressed by your responsiveness and professionalism.
Mr Evans and his staff offered high quality, professional care and assistance to our friend Sheila and ourselves throughout all the funeral arrangements and we would like to thank Philip and his caring staff for all their help, their professional care and assistance – We would highly recommend Sussex Funeral Services in the event of losing a loved one." – 'Dermot'
For more testimonials, Read Here
Sussex Funeral Services is rated 5.00 stars by Reviews.co.uk based on 31 merchant reviews