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Senior level experience delivers customized results
Debbie Glick, Chief Executive Officer
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Debbie founded Cello Health Advantage Inc. (formerly Advantage Healthcare, Inc.) in 1994 following 14 successful years in pharmaceutical marketing and communications. As Managing Partner of the company, Debbie has worked strategically with many healthcare and consumer companies, assisting in identifying the issues that face their products and departments, preparing alternatives for addressing these issues, and executing hundreds of assignments.
Over the past 25 years, Debbie has directed the development and completion of the following types of projects at AHI:
- Strategic analyses, forecasting, and the preparation of prelaunch marketing plans for both international and domestic launches of major new pharmaceutical products.
- Benchmarking (analog intelligence) and competitive analyses for products 1 to 3 years prelaunch, as support for determining levels of spending and types of programs required in the prelaunch and immediate postlaunch periods.
- Commercial assessments of new compounds, dosage forms, or delivery systems, primarily in Phase II and III, including full economic analyses.
- Market development plans for first-in-class and late market entries in both US and global markets.
- Educational initiatives including strategic insight into how to best communicate with patients and professionals, managed care organizations, and other stakeholders.
- Marketing, market research, and sales training programs, including programs specifically developed for those working on new compounds.
- Full responsibilities for the launch of several new pharmaceuticals or line extensions, including qualitative and quantitative market research efforts, launch plan development, sales training materials, sales aids, public relations programs, and direct mail.
Prior to founding the company, Debbie served as a Senior Vice President at Saatchi & Saatchi. Her previous positions in the healthcare industry included Director of Marketing for Schein Pharmaceutical, Inc. and Group Product Manager and other marketing positions at Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.
Debbie holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the State University of New York at Albany, a Masters of Business Administration concentrating in Marketing and Real Estate from the Columbia University Graduate School of Business, and a Juris Doctorate from New York Law School.
Contact Debbie
215-504-5082, x361
Leslie Goldberg, Executive Vice President
Midland Park, New Jersey
Leslie joined Cello Health Advantage(Advantage Healthcare Inc.) in December of 2000, bringing with her more than 17 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. She has held positions on both the service and the client sides of the business, and in US and international marketing and operations. Leslie coordinates and oversees all projects out of the Midland Park office.
Leslie manages projects that cover all core competencies at Cello Health Advantage including, but not limited to:
- Portfolio assessments.
- Market sizing and commercial assessments.
- Global and US primary research, including rapid response
- Extensive market backgrounders based on secondary sources.
- Payer reimbursement research and analyses.
Leslie came to Cello Health Advantage from PACE, Inc., a division of the Lowe Healthcare Network, where she held the position of Vice President, Management Services. At PACE, she oversaw projects in the ophthalmology, cardiovascular, neurology, migraine, gastrointestinal, and weight loss categories. Prior to joining PACE, Leslie was a Partner, Account Group Supervisor, at Dugan/Farley Communications, where she handled the Wyeth (now Pfizer) Vaccines and Essilor of America accounts.
Leslie's previous experience in the pharmaceutical industry included a number of positions with American Cyanamid Company (Lederle International and Lederle Praxis Biologicals, currently known as Pfizer Vaccines). As Manager, Strategic Product Planning at Lederle Praxis Biologicals, Leslie was responsible for the development and implementation of a managed care marketing plan and market research projects to support new and in-line brands. In addition, she worked closely with the Division President, the Director of Policy, the in-house attorney, outside counsel, and lobbyists in Washington, DC, to develop vaccine pricing and utilization scenarios to support the division's position related to the Vaccines for Children program. As Director, Marketing Research, at Lederle International, Leslie managed all phases of market research projects supporting new product launches, line extensions, new indications for existing brands, new business opportunities for pipeline products, and licensing opportunities.
Earlier in her professional career, Leslie worked for Baxter International as Product Manager in the Parenterals Division, where she was responsible for the launch of the Travenol Infusor, a device for continuous chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Immediately after graduation from Rutgers College of Pharmacy with a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, Leslie joined the Roerig division of Pfizer as a Medical Sales Representative, supporting their central nervous system agents and antibiotics in the New York metropolitan area.
Leslie also holds a Masters of Business Administration in Marketing, Finance, and Healthcare from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University. She maintains her license as a registered pharmacist in New Jersey.
Contact Leslie
201-670-7722, x205
Erica Fogg True, Senior Vice President
New York, New York
Erica joined Cello Health Advantage in July 2019, bringing a deep and uniquely broad understanding of the healthcare industry. Her experience includes both the biopharma and provider perspectives gleaned from more than 20 years at Pfizer, Forest/Allergan, and Merck and, most recently, in administration at a large academic medical center (NYU Langone). Her history in the industry spans functions and challenges including:
- Strategy and operations.
- Business development.
- Commercialization and marketing.
- Lifecycle and portfolio management.
- Global policy.
Prior to her position in geriatrics and palliative care at NYU, Erica spent 13 years with Pfizer on global innovative products, holding roles of increasing responsibility in multiple functions. Her most recent role at Pfizer was Senior Director, Portfolio and Business Operations, where she led a team that developed and implemented an innovative management model for regional brands. As Senior Director, Strategic Planning, she co-led a global team that developed and implemented an emerging market strategy for innovative products.
Erica also served for 4 years as Strategy Director and Chief of Staff for Pfizer's Division President of Europe/Canada/Africa/Middle East (Ian C. Read, former Pfizer CEO), where she led the postmerger integration and reorganization of Pharmacia European/Canadian operations following the Pfizer and Pharmacia merger. She received a Corporate Leadership Achievement Award for delivering best practices during the integration, including minimal business disruption.
At Forest (acquired by Allergan in 2014), Erica was the Executive Director of Strategic Planning. She created, staffed, and led a new corporate department charged with developing and recommending strategies to grow the then-current business model through expansion into new geographies, market segments, therapeutic areas, and adjacent businesses.
Erica began her healthcare career at Merck, where she worked in the Financial Evaluation and Analysis Department evaluating licensing opportunities, capital investments, and acquisitions. She also worked in the Research & Development Evaluation and Analysis Department, assessing R&D portfolio risk.
Erica earned a BA in mathematics from Smith College, where she also completed pre-med requirements, and holds an MBA from Columbia Business School, with a concentration in finance. She is a member of the New York City Health Business Leaders and the Healthcare Businesswomen's Association and is an avid runner.
Contact Erica
Anna Sandler, Senior Vice President
New York, New York
Anna joined Cello Health Advantage in September of 2019 with more than 20 years of experience in biopharma. As a leader experienced in multiple functional areas, Anna brings to the group the ability to effectively address a range of critical business issues.
Anna's responsibilities at Cello Health Advantage include, but are not limited to:
- Commercial assessments of new compounds or formulations and business development support (including forecasting, pricing options, promotional resource needs, and access and coverage scenarios).
- Market research and analytics based on primary and secondary data sources—focused on synthesizing multiple data components to identify and address key business needs.
- Marketing strategy and planning for launch and mature products.
- Optimal product positioning and communication architecture design based on traditional customer insights and social media sources of information.
- Marketing campaign evaluation and optimization.
- Tactical resource allocation optimization, tactical plan development, and implementation across all customer types, including healthcare practitioners, patients, payers, and pharmacy/trade channel.
- Lifecycle and portfolio management.
Prior to joining Cello Health Advantage, Anna spent 17 years with Sanofi. Her most recent position was Associate Vice President, head of multichannel marketing for the diabetes portfolio of mature and launch products—over $2 billion in annual revenue. Anna's work in this position lead to significant increases in profitability of multichannel investments and measurable improvement in customer engagement.
Anna's previous positions with Sanofi included head of consumer marketing for insulins, where she led all aspects of consumer elements of the Toujeo launch. Under Anna's leadership, all Toujeo consumer marketing initiatives delivered, or overdelivered, on revenue and return-on-investment launch goals.
Anna also held leadership positions with Sanofi's market research, analytics, and business development groups, with responsibilities across a broad range of therapeutic areas, including diabetes, cardiovascular, oncology, urology, allergy, and sleep. In business development activities, Anna significantly contributed to understanding competitive landscapes and unmet needs among patients, healthcare practitioners/institutions, and payers; developed key inputs into forecasts and the assessment of marketing and sales investments; and evaluated pricing options.
Anna started her career as a strategic marketing consultant with The Monitor Group (now Deloitte), where she worked with Fortune 500 clients on market sizing, meaningful customer segmentation, communication architecture, mapping of key interventions during buying processes, pricing optimization, positioning, and opportunity evaluations. Her assignments often required a strong understanding of markets and customers in Europe, Asia, and Latin America.
Anna earned a BA and MA in economics from the University of British Columbia in Canada.
Contact Anna
Brenda Moore, Senior Vice President
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Brenda Moore joined Cello Health Advantage as Managing Director in 2012, bringing with her more than 23 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. She has held a variety of positions in product management/marketing, sales training, and sales on the corporate side.
Prior to joining Cello Health Advantage, Brenda a consultant for Merck, working in global and domestic fertility marketing, as well as medical marketing for the respiratory and fertility franchises. Prior to Merck, Brenda served as Associate Director at Pharmacia and as Senior Product Manager for a specialty prescription product at Pfizer. She has accumulated a considerable depth of experience across a number of therapeutic categories, including the central nervous system, arthritis and inflammation, endocrinology and metabolism, smoking cessation, the upper respiratory system, diabetes, and such cardiovascular therapies as antihypertensives, cholesterol-lowering agents, , antiarrhythmics and multiple categories in women's health. In her domestic and global marketing roles, Brenda was responsible for:
- Profit and loss management and results on her brands.
- Overall brand strategy, key tactics, metrics, and budget implications.
- One-year operating plans and 3- to 5-year strategic plans.
- New product development.
- Professional and consumer advertising.
- Medical education.
- Advocacy development.
- Sales force direction and communication.
- Team leadership and collaboration.
- Management of a copromotion partnership.
- Overseeing/directing market research activities
At Pfizer, Brenda was responsible for launching a product to new specialties and long-term expansion of the smoking cessation category, a high-growth area for the company. Brenda designed and presented a complete business analysis for senior management, and ultimately gained their support and approval to move forward with new product development initiatives.
During her time at Pharmacia, Brenda led the launch of a migraine medication, which achieved gross sales that exceeded the product plan by 50%. Prior to her work at Pharmacia, Brenda was a product manager at Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, a division of BASF Pharma. There, she managed a new compound, D2E7 (now known as Humira®), during its Phase 3 development. Also at Knoll, Brenda managed a key copromotion partnership with Genzyme Therapeutics for Thyrogen®, a biologic product used in the detection of thyroid cancer.
Brenda graduated magna cum laude from Seton Hall University with a bachelor of science degree. She immediately joined Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals—a predecessor company to Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc., now known as Sanofi—as a sales representative. For 8 years, Brenda worked in various positions, including as a cardiovascular consultant, a managed care specialist, and a sales representative. She supported a wide range of therapeutic areas, including hypertension, gastroenterology, allergy and inflammation, and diabetes.
Brenda also holds an MBA from Fairleigh Dickinson University, where she concentrated in pharmaceutical studies.
Contact Brenda
Jane Richards, Senior Vice President
Midland Park, New Jersey
For the past 24 years, Jane has been a key member of Cello Health Advantage. She has more than 30 years of experience in the healthcare industry, in both international and domestic markets. Her areas of expertise include marketing, sales, business development, and strategic planning. Most recently, Jane has handled projects in arthritis, cardiovascular disease, neurology, infectious diseases, immunology and oncology, respiratory diseases, transplantation, diabetes, dermatology, and women's health. Her projects have primarily involved strategic marketing and business development, including commercial assessments (outlicensing and inlicensing); marketing sizing and forecasting; and marketing plans and backgrounders.
Jane's most recent corporate position was Vice President of New Business Development for Lederle Laboratories, where she identified, analyzed, negotiated, and obtained corporate approval for licensing and co-promotion projects. In addition, she provided commercial and strategic direction for a targeted portfolio strategy. Jane also served as Integration Manager at Lederle during the company's acquisition by American Home Products (Wyeth). Her previous positions at Lederle included Director of Marketing Research and Planning and Business Unit Director.
Jane holds a Bachelor of Arts in Modern Languages and Business from Fairfield University, Connecticut, and a Masters of Business Administration concentrating in Marketing from Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey.
Contact Jane
Toni DeMola, Vice President
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Toni DeMola joined Cello Health Advantage Inc. (formerly Advantage Healthcare Inc.) in January of 2019, bringing with her more than 30 years of professional involvement in the pharmaceutical industry. Her experience includes corporate-side positions in market research, new product planning, and sales/commercial operations. Her experience spans large, established organizations as well as growth-oriented start-ups.
Prior to joining Cello Health Advantage, Toni headed the commercial analytics and new product planning departments for several specialty companies, including LEO Pharma, Orexo, Archimedes, Reliant, Amarin, Strativa, and Alpharma. In these positions, she was responsible for all aspects of research and analytics–oriented commercial support for marketing, sales, market access, and business development, including:
- Traditional primary and secondary needs: segmentation and targeting, launch promotional campaigns, direct-to-consumer preparation, performance reporting, market access pull-through reporting, sales force reporting and deployment strategies, alignments, and incentive compensation.
- Evaluation of new opportunities: commercial assessments, forecasting, and rapid response needs; these include critical efforts supporting the in-licensing of the first and very successful prescription omega-3, Lovaza, for Reliant (now GlaxoSmithKline).
Toni started her career at Schering-Plough (now Merck), where she progressed through the organization, beginning in marketing research and new product planning for Schering's cardiovascular and respiratory products. There, she managed all aspects of market research for in-line products as well as supporting internal research and development efforts by participating on the Drug Delivery, Cardiovascular, and Dermatology teams. In this early industry role, she also supported the US Business Development department in assessing new product licensing opportunities.
Subsequently, Toni was asked to build the first analytics department supporting all Schering business units; this was called the Business Information Center. In this role, Toni led the development of the company's first commercial-side integrated data warehouse and business intelligence platform. Also, in this capacity, she was responsible for:
- Operational support of the Schering/Merck joint venture (Zetia/Vytorin).
- Analysis and recommendations regarding field force sizing and deployment strategies.
- Data acquisition process, data quality, and proactive identification of new data sources for analysis.
- Development and management of key performance indicators across all business units of Schering Laboratories.
Toni's market knowledge and product launch experience spans many therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular, respiratory, dermatology, acute and chronic pain management, oncology, opioid dependence, diabetes, allergy, neurology, women's health, gastroenterology (opioid-induced constipation, irritable bowel syndrome) and men's health (hypogonadism).
Toni holds a Bachelor's degree in Marketing from Pace University and an MBA concentrating in Management Information Science from Iona College.
Contact Toni
(908) 209-8077
Ken Garfinkel, Forecasting Director
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Ken Garfinkel joined Cello Health Advantage Inc. in October 2013 with more than 25 years of experience in the healthcare industry. Ken specializes in integrating key information sources— which may include syndicated audit data, internal data, primary research data, published information, and expert assumptions—into customized forecasting models for both new and in-line products. His assignments have ranged from implementing and running monthly and quarterly forecasting processes to developing in-depth, 1-time, new product forecasts.
Ken began his career in the pharmaceutical industry at Novartis (then Ciba-Geigy) as a Marketing Scientist and Pfizer (then Lederle Laboratories) as Manager of Forecasting and Statistical Modeling. He used cutting-edge analytical techniques and tools to model business questions in support of marketing research, brand management, and sales administration. At Lederle, he managed the monthly forecasting process and oversaw all issues related to management, storage, and distribution of audit data. Ken also worked at Futurion Associates, implementing the Futurcast forecast system at pharmaceutical, consumer products, and technology companies. Ken has also taught forecasting methodology and best practices at numerous seminars in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
Ken has worked extensively with marketing, marketing research, finance, sales administration, and production planning personnel on a wide variety of issues related to forecasting, planning, and analysis. In addition to sales forecasts, he has developed generic order of entry models of market share and pricing, pipeline analyses, inventory planning models, promotion response models, sales force compensation plans, customer level (individual wholesaler and chain) forecasts, Medicaid forecasts, and numerous new and in-line product forecasts for a wide range of therapeutic categories and distribution channels. Important aspects of all these projects involve:
- Critically evaluating the data sources.
- Recommending how data should be used and integrated.
- Determining how to analyze and present the results and conclusions.
Ken has a BA in Mathematics/statistics and a BS in Marketing from the University of Connecticut. He has begun PhD coursework in Quantitative Marketing at Stanford University.
Contact Ken
(203) 641-5704
Sarit Schube, Senior Director
Palo Alto, California
Sarit heads Pacific Advantage, the company's West Coast division. In 2001, Sarit joined Cello Health Advantage as a Senior Project Manager. Over time, she took on broader responsibilities, including virtually all elements of commercial assessments, primary and secondary market research tasks, building thought leader lists, and data management and analysis. Her experience spans dozens of therapeutic categories, including the central nervous system (psychiatry and neurology), cardiovascular, metabolism, and immunology in the US and globally.
Sarit holds a Bachelor of Science in Nutrition from the University of Texas at Austin and a Master of Science in Biological Science, with a minor in Epidemiology, from the University of Texas School of Public Health.
Contact Sarit
Martha Cummings, Project Director
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Martha joined Cello Health Advantage in December of 2000 as Office Manager, and was rapidly promoted to Project Coordinator in the following month, Senior Project Coordinator in 2002, Senior Project Manager in 2003, and Project Director in 2016. Since joining the company, Martha has been involved in a variety of live and print programming efforts—primarily in pediatrics and women's health—that have included:
- Advisory board implementation.
- Database management.
- Publications.
- Promotional initiatives, including print advertising, direct mail, and congress activities.
- Logistics coordination for scientific, community, and advocacy symposia.
In addition to her prior experience that includes clinical research support and office and facilities management, Martha worked for more than 15 years as a paralegal.
Martha holds a Paralegal Certificate from the Albuquerque Career Institute in New Mexico.
Contact Martha
Christine Vajda, Project and Accounting Manager
Midland Park, New Jersey
Christine joined Cello Health Advantage in October of 2006 as Office Coordinator. She was promoted to Project Coordinator in September of 2007, Senior Project Coordinator in December of 2010, and Project and Accounting Manager in May of 2015. Christine works closely with senior personnel on project planning and implementation, as well as finance-related tasks. Prior to joining Cello Health Advantage, Christine was an Administrative Assistant for American Cyanamid Company, where she managed daily activities for the Director, Marketing; Product Managers; Business/Planning/Market Research Analyst; and Marketing Coordinators in the Marketing Department of the Lederle-Praxis Biologicals Division.
Contact Christine
201-670-7722, x201
Lauren DiVeglio, Senior Project Manager
Yardley, Pennsylvania
Lauren joined Cello Health Advantage as Senior Project Manager in January of 2019. Lauren works closely with senior staff and clients on project support, including the following:
- Budgeting, identification and composition of project teams, and tracking of budgets.
- Slide preparation.
- Fact checking.
- Data mining.
- Maintaining Cello Health Advantage's social media pages and Web site.
- Compliance, including information technology and privacy policy compliance and updates.
Prior to joining Cello Health Advantage, Lauren's experience included positions in marketing, design, and communications—on both the client and service sides. She has worked in an agency setting, supporting business-to-business accounts with companies that cross several industries, including over-the-counter and hospital accounts. On the client side, she has held marketing and communications positions in various nonhealthcare companies. Her skill set spans Web/digital, packaging, promotion for product launches, and other avenues and media for consumer packaged goods, including medical adhesives.
Lauren holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from York College of Pennsylvania and an Associates Degree in Applied Science from Mercer County College. In her free time, Lauren coaches travel and intramural girls' high school basketball teams and holds a board position on Philadelphia Friends of V, a nonprofit organization supporting cancer research. Lauren also provides photography services for Special Olympics of New Jersey and for Athletes for Athletes, a special needs group in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
Contact Lauren
215-504-5082 x362


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Fetherling is an obscure surname and is a derivative of the original Fitterling. Join us in the search for all Fetherlings
If you have any questions or comments about the information on this site, please contact us. We look forward to hearing from you.

subset: commoncrawl


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How to Check If You're Eligible for the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana?
Buying a house entitles you to save on lump sum rent expenditure, apart from giving you an asset that can secure your future. If you plan to buy your dream home using a home loan, you also need to save and pay for a hefty down payment. Further, repaying your home loan means abiding by the loan terms and paying the interest charged on your home loan as part of your EMIs. All this does not come easy on the pocket. However, in order to encourage home buyers, the government has made purchase of a home an affordable prospect vide the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Launched on 25th June 2015, this scheme offers interest subsidies on home loans, the percentage for which is determined based on your economic standing.


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Funds invested in illiquid assets are 'built on a lie': Mark Carney [updated]
Funds with daily liquidity that invest in illiquid assets are "built on a lie", according to the governor of the Bank of England (BoE).
Appearing before a committee of MPs today, Mark Carney said he and other senior officials at the central bank had been raising concerns about illiquid assets for some time, relating to a "potential developing systemic issue".
"These funds are built on a lie, which is that you can have daily liquidity for assets that fundamentally aren't liquid," Carney said. "That leads to an expectation that it's not that different to having money in a bank… so you get a series of problems: you've got a structural problem, but then you have a consumer issue."
He added: "This is a big deal. You can see something coming that could be systemic."
Carney said he was not commenting on a specific issue, but his comments followed the high-profile suspension of a UK equity fund earlier this month.
The LF Woodford Equity Income fund was closed to redemptions on 3 June following significant outflows. The portfolio's high weighting to smaller companies and unlisted stocks hampered efforts to meet investor withdrawal demands, leading to the suspension. Kent County Council's £6.2bn (€6.9bn) pension scheme is among the investors still unable to exit the fund.
"This is a big deal. You can see something coming that could be systemic."
Mark Carney, Bank of England
The assumption of daily liquidity, Carney told the Treasury Select Committee this morning, relied upon ongoing market liquidity, which in turn depended on monetary policy being "infinitely accommodative". "That's just not going to be the case," he said.
Pressed on the issue by Nick Morgan, chair of the committee, Sir Jon Cunliffe, the BoE's deputy governor for financial stability, added that the mismatch between redemption periods and underlying liquidity of assets was "a global issue".
He cited the example of retail money flowing into asset classes such as high yield bonds and emerging market debt.
"These are relatively illiquid markets compared to equities," he said. "If there was an investor loss of confidence in an asset class and you started to see redemptions, the question is could those redemptions actually be made without large crashes in prices or alternatively suspensions and gates."
Sir Jon warned that international regulators such as IOSCO and the Financial Stability Board did not have the same level of understanding of fund liquidity as they did with the banking system.
"We need some consistent application of matching underlying liquidity better to redemption periods," he said.
UK-domiciled real estate funds were hit in 2016 in the immediate aftermath of the country's referendum on its EU membership.
This morning the UK's asset management trade body unveiled plans to create a new fund structure specifically designed to invest in illiquid assets. The Investment Association said the structure would be designed for investors such as defined contribution schemes to invest in less liquid asset classes in an open-ended fund format.
Following Carney's comments, Chris Cummings, chief executive of the Investment Association, said: "The UK fund industry offers more than 8,000 funds in a highly regulated environment to cater to a wide variety of needs for consumers, and offering options with daily liquidity is a crucial part of that mix.
"There are also cases where investment on a longer-term basis, with less frequent redemption intervals, will be more appropriate, which is why we have today outlined our plans for a long-term asset fund. This new type of fund structure will enable investment in a wider range of assets, giving greater choice and unlocking new long-term investment opportunities for savers and providing companies and infrastructure projects with much-needed funding.
"Investment managers and fund operators take their duties to consumers very seriously and we look forward to engaging with the governor on this issue."
This article was updated on 26 June to add a quote from the Investment Association
Readers' comments (2)
Well, it's good that regulators will finally be getting around to doing something about this. But it's hardly a new problem, is it?
It sometimes feels like financial products are rarely tested before they're offered to the public; they're only really tested post-release, by exposure to the real world. Surely it's not beyond the intellectual capacity of those in the financial services industry to do some "what if" thinking?
There is already a fund solution for this called the European Long Term Investment funds, or ELTIF. Alternatively, we could go back to closed end funds which are traded on the stock exchange. The Dutch had this very long and worked very well but the UCITS developed killed this business. I am surprised nobody is worries about index funds/ETFs because the issue is applicable as well for many indices with small cap stocks, etc.
As the ECB has bought most of the European bond market, should it not be discussed that in case of stress they step in by providing more liquidity in these markets, which they largely made dry up?


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Wheel Balancing vs. Wheel Alignment
The wheels on your new or used vehicle are arguably some of the most vital components on it, so it's important that you maintain them regularly with common services like wheel alignment and balancing. Many Schaumburg drivers mistakenly think that these two services are one and the same, but wheel balancing and alignment are actually quite different. Explore the key differences between wheel balancing vs. wheel alignment with the service experts at Biggers Chevrolet.
What Is Wheel Balancing Service?
Wheel balancing should be performed regularly, as wheels do naturally lose their balance with time. Wheels that are out of balance can cause the steering wheel to shake or vibrate, creating an uncomfortable ride in Streamwood. Unbalanced tires can also wear at different rates, as one part of the tire is heavier than the others.
Having your wheels balanced will ensure you enjoy a safe, smooth driving experience, with minimized tire bounce and increased traction, as well as longer tire life. Experts recommend you have a wheel balance with every tire rotation, meaning you should have it done every 5,000 to 6,000 miles or every six months.
What Is Wheel Alignment Service?
Wheel alignment is a service that can be performed with less regularity than wheel balancing. Sometimes referred to as a front end alignment, having your wheels aligned involves a service technician making sure your tires are perpendicular to the road and parallel to each other.
When wheels are out of alignment, it can result in excessive, uneven tread, unnecessary wear and tear on your tires, and even steering problems. This is to say that, though wheel alignments aren't required with regularity, you should have one performed every two to three years. Fail to have your wheels aligned, and you may experience vehicle pulling, which can cause you to drift into other lanes as you're driving.
Wheel Balancing vs. Wheel Alignment: Which Do You Need?
After exploring the differences between wheel alignment and balancing, you hopefully have a better idea of which service you may need to be performed soon. If you're experiencing a bumpy ride or vehicle pulling in Bartlett, simply schedule an appointment with Biggers Chevrolet! Our expert service techs will have you back on the road in no time, and our service specials can help you secure great savings on routine service. Have questions? Contact us or give us a call at 888-256-1056 anytime!
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A journey into the mysterious world of semi-retirement
I've only seen BSP in larger venues (London's Forum and the Glasto 2002) and always wished I'd seen them in their Freebutt Club Seapower days. I heard some great reports of their Freebutt gigs with folk legends, the Copper Family, a couple of years ago. No twigs at a BSP gig? Perhaps a change in direction for the band? Any new songs premiered?


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Piccola Puglia
Via di Morena, 197 00043 Ciampino Italy Map
Average price €20.00
33 reviews
218 reviews
Pictures from our users
Special offers and Menus
Special offers are only available by booking online with thefork.
You'll be able to select the menus in the last step of booking, if available for your criteria.
You'll be able to select the menus in the last step of booking, if available for your criteria.
Special offers
-20% off the "à la carte" menu, including drinks!
Set menus not included. Available on the booked timeslot.
Restaurant prices
Average à la carte price
(average à la carte price based on a two-course meal excluding drinks)
Drink prices
- €1.50Half bottle of mineral water
- €2.00Bottle of mineral water
- €4.00Glass of wine
- €16.00Bottle of wine
- €8.00Glass of champagne
- €90.00Bottle of champagne
- €1.50Coffee
Prices and menu can change. Those prices don't take into account any promotion and are VAT included.
How to get to the restaurant Piccola Puglia
Opening time
Pranzo: da lunedì a domenica dalle 11:00 alle 15:30
Cena: da lunedì a domenica dalle 19:00 alle 23:30
Cena: da lunedì a domenica dalle 19:00 alle 23:30
- Credit Card , Mastercard , Visa
- Privatisable (35 maximum number of guests.)
- Air-conditioning , Bar , Can be privatized , Cocktail , Dinner show , Football games , Karaoke , Open sunday , Pets allowed , Wifi , Without Alcohol
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Paride Z.
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- Meal date : 2 Apr 2019
Semplice e genuino. Ideale per una serata tranquilla


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Hierarchia anatomiczna
Terminy ogólne > Osteology > Kośćiec kończyn > Bones of thoracic limb > Girdle of thoracic limb > Bark > Wyrostek barkowy łopatki
Anatomia dzieci
The spine of the scapula ends distally with the acromion, a well-defined eminence, located close to the ventral angle in carnivores and ruminants but remaining more distal in pigs and horses. The acromion extends ventrally in carnivores as the hamate process and extends caudally in felidae as the suprahamate process. The rabbits possess the both processes of acromion (hamate and suprahamate)


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WriteOn® Magnetic Revolving Glass Whiteboard
The WriteOn® Magnetic Revolving Glass Whiteboard features a 1200 x 900mm double sided glassboard which tilts and locks into the desired position. The glassboard has a steel core to accept super strength magnets. The white steel frame has black accent features of castors and height adjustable mechanism. Easily manoeuvres on sturdy feet with locking castors
- Supplied with hook over flip pad hangers.
- Board size is 1200 x 900mm
- Weight is 40kg
- Height 1800mm
- Full width pen tray
- Locking tilt mechansim
- Tilts to aid writing.
Code: 441290
£399.89 exc vat
£479.87 inc vat
£479.87 inc vat
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Nail the Pre-Game: 5 Tips for Sitting for a Tattoo
Nail the Pre-Game
5 Tips for Sitting for a Tattoo
Ok folks, let's be honest - while tattoos are awesome, the process of actually getting a tattoo sucks. It hurts, it can take hours, and sometimes the positions you have to sit in just so the artist can work in the right spot are more painful than the needles.
The good news, however, is that there are ways to make it suck less! If you take care of your body and your skin, you'll not only make things easier on yourself and your artist, but you'll also have a better chance of a good heal as well.
Everybody is different, but here are some general best practices that I've learned make for a better tattoo experience:
1. Get a Good Night's Rest
Y'all, the most painful tattoos I've received were on different body parts and from different artists, but the one thing they did have in common was that I was sleep deprived when I got them. It's pretty simple - the more rested you are, the better your stamina and pain tolerance will be. Try to get a full 8 hours the night before your appointment if you can, or take a nap if your appointment isn't until later in the evening.
2. No Alcohol for 24 Hours Before
While alcohol is fun when enjoyed responsibly, it's the exact opposite of fun to get tattooed while hungover. Even if you don't overdo it the night before, any level of alcohol in your system dehydrates you and thins your blood. This can lead to excessive bleeding (not good) for you, and decreased visibility for your artist (also not good).
3. Stay Hydrated
The easiest skin to tattoo is healthy skin, and healthy skin is hydrated skin. Personally, I drink about 2-3 glasses of water every day, and I try to up that to 5 glasses the day before my tattoo appointments.
4. Eat a Good Meal
Never try to get tattooed on an empty stomach! That is just asking to pass out mid-appointment. If you're too nervous to eat before your appointment, even a small snack will be better than nothing.
5. Bring a Sugary Snack &; Even More Water
No matter how well you prepare, getting tattooed could cause your blood sugar to drop as this is a natural biological response to pain and injury. Every artist is different as to what they keep on hand, so I always bring a bottle of water (see #3) and a sugary snack in case I start to feel woozy. Even if I don't get light-headed, the snack can be a helpful distraction from the more intense spots during longer sessions.


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exercise physiology
[ ĕk′sər-sīz′ ]
The scientific study of the acute and chronic metabolic responses of the human body to exercise, including biochemical and physiologic changes in the heart and skeletal muscles.
Exercise Caution With These Telltale IdiomsThe following idioms are helpful reminders to assess your circumstances and decide when to make a change.
Nearby words
exercise ball, exercise bicycle, exercise bike, exercise book, exercise machine, exercise physiology, exerciser, exercitation, exercycle, exeresis, exergaming
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.


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Here we have a nice loading screen featuring two soldiers with one holding what appears to be a 30 cal , correct me if i am wrong.
I made this screen since everybody started arguing about my SlipKnoT one. So heres a WW2 Loading Screen. If I get good feedback on this one, ill make more like this. ----------INSTALL---------- Just unzip cod.bmp to your Call of Duty folder. --------------------------- Made by -| MaGGoT |- p.s. please dont bad mouth SlipKnoT when you dont know anything about them. Thats all I ask
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New from Wilco! Listen to "Love is Everywhere (Beware)" Now!
You may know him from Arcade Fire, but now you also know him from being an exceptionally great solo musician on top of that. "Song of Wood" is a gloriously wonderful new track, from the upcoming Quiet River of Dust Vol 1 project, and it for us, is an essentially perfect song.
Give it a listen and enjoy for yourself 'cause youre probably gonna love it too:
From the album 'Quiet River of Dust Vol 1,' available September 21st
Pre-order here: https://ffm.to/rrp_qrodv1
Video made by JF Lalonde Animated stars created by Caleb Wood
Official Site: http://richardreedparry.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/richardrparry/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ParryReed
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rrparry/
The time is now to jump head first into being a Bahamas die hard fan. He has been making wonderful goodness for years now but he has certainly leveled upwards, becoming a force of creative goodness in a frightening world. Take solace in the joy that is Bahamas music, this new single No Wrong is nothing short of amazing.
Full details and all tour dates are listed below and available, here. Tickets go on sale Friday November 3rd at 10am local time.
November 30th Sydney, NSW Sydney Opera House Forecourt *
December 1st Sydney, NSW Sydney Opera House Forecourt*
December 2nd Sydney, NSW Sydney Opera House Forecourt*
December 3rd Brisbane, QLD Riverstage*
December 4th Sydney, NSW The Basement ^
December 5th Perth, WA Mojo's^
December 6th Perth, WA Kings Park *
December 8th Melbourne, VIC Sidney Meyer Music Bowl*
December 9th Melbourne, VIC Northcote Social Club^
December 10th Auckland, NZ Villa Maria ^
January 19th Brooklyn, NY Music Hall of Williamsburg^
February 13th Detroit, MI El Club^
February 14th St. Louis, MO Delmar Hall^
February 15th Oklahoma City, OK Academy of Contemporary Music at UCO^
February 16th Dallas, TX The Kessler^
February 17th Austin, TX Antone's^
February 19th Denver, CO Bluebird^
February 21st Los Angeles, CA Teragram^
February 23rd San Diego, CA Belly Up^
February 24th San Francisco, CA Independent^
February 26th Portland, OR Alberta Rose^
February 27th Seattle, WA Neptune^
February 28th Victoria, BC The Royal Theatre^
March 1st Vancouver, BC Queen Elizabeth Theatre^
March 2nd Kamloops, BC CJ's Nightclub^
March 3rd Calgary, AB Palace Theatre^
March 5th Edmonton, AB Winspear^
March 6th Saskatoon, SK 3rd Ave Church^
March 7th Winnipeg, MB Park Tehatre^
March 8th Minneapolis, MN Fine Line^
March 9th Milwaukee, WI Turner Hall^
March 10th Chicago, IL The Metro^
May 3rd Boston, MA Sinclair^
May 4th Philadelphia WCL^
May 5th Pittsburg, PA Mr. Smalls^
May 6th Washington, DC 9:30 Club^
May 8th Carboro, NC Cats's Cradle ^
May 9th Atlanta, GA Terminal West^
May 11th Nashville, TN Cannery^
May 12th Asheville, NC Grey Eagle^
*Supporting Jack Johnson (previously announced)
^New headline tour dates
Nilüfer Yanya is making some very cool music in the city of Toronto, however the sound she's creating is from some place much bigger. "Baby Luv" is an iconic new tune, with influences from literally all over the place, and we think you're gonna love it:
Out now via Blue Flowers/ATO Records. http://smarturl.it/babyluv Follow Nilüfer Yanya: https://www.facebook.com/niluferyanya/ https://twitter.com/niluferyanya https://www.instagram.com/niluferyany... https://soundcloud.com/niluferyanya
The Rural Alberta Advantage have another great tune from their upcoming record, and it's another doozy. Once again, this magical trio have brought us an energetic, passionate, uplifting tune that we can all love and learn from.
Let's do this!


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The Design Advocacy Group (DAG) is a public forum and advocate for design quality and equity in the planning, architecture, preservation and physical development of Philadelphia. DAG is volunteer organization whose more than 1,700 members come from a broad spectrum of disciplines.
The Fellow oversees DAG's overall communications, provides administrative and logistical support for monthly meetings and special events, plus assists in the execution of advocacy projects. The DAG Fellow will report to the chair of DAG, and supports the chairs of four advocacy task force chairs (Complete Streets, Design Equity, Historic Preservation and Waterfronts).
Summary of Duties:
– Maintain DAG's website/web content and presence on social media, actively monitoring social media feeds.
– Design and send bi-monthly eblasts to DAG's 1,700+ members.
– Coordinate with vendors (venue, catering, printing, etc.) and offer other administrative/logistical support for special events.
– Attend and take notes at all monthly DAG meetings, quarterly Steering Committee meetings, and advocacy task force meetings; distribute notes as directed.
– Conduct research to support advocacy initiatives, including interviews with agencies and research in publications and collections of plans and photographs.
– Assist with fundraising (grant writing/reporting and fundraising campaigns), membership outreach, and organizational development.
– File financial invoices, download financial reports, etc. as needed using Sage Intaact accounting software.
– Monitor and follow up on financial reports quarterly to the DAG Steering Committee.
The DAG Fellowship begins on September 1, 2019, and continues for twelve months.
The application is due by July 31, 2019.


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If you are waiting for a book bearing the title of this article, don't hold your breath. No publisher or author would make more than a few nickels from sales. It's much more exciting to write about the terrible "epidemic" of mental illness that has swept across our nation—and to expose the nefarious treatments and practices of Psychiatry (capital "P") as the cause of this scourge.1
All this vituperation makes for good online chatter, and it certainly sells books. But from the standpoint of epidemiological science, the "epidemic of mental illness" narrative is—with a few qualifications—mostly fear-mongering drivel. When we carefully define an "epidemic" as ". . . an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area . . ."—the definition used by the CDC—the so-called epidemic of mental illness among adults in the US proves largely illusory.2 And once we pull out the bottom card—the epidemic narrative—from the critics' claim, the entire house of cards collapses. In addressing this issue, I am not taking aim at the "psychiatry is medicalizing normality" argument, which is itself dubious, but is at least worthy of serious discussion.3
Note that the CDC definition of "epidemic" applies to actual cases of disease—not to changing rates of diagnosis, which are subject to many socio-cultural variables. For example, a desperate parent's attempt to secure special services for an autistic child may influence the clinician's willingness to diagnose an autistic spectrum disorder. This is a critical point, since psychiatry's critics do not claim merely that there is more diagnosis of schizophrenia or major depression; rather, they claim there are actually more people sick with these illnesses, owing to misguided or harmful psychiatric treatment. Ironically, their claim presupposes the "reality" of mental illness, thereby putting the epidemic-mongers at odds with mental-illness deniers—an intriguing schism within the anti-psychiatry movement.
The "epidemic" claim has been supported mainly on the basis of increasing US rates of psychiatric disability determinations over the past 50 years.4 But Social Security Administration disability determinations are notoriously susceptible to claimant preparation and administrative pressures, and they cannot be used as a legitimate index of disease incidence or prevalence.5
Let me hasten to add that there is indeed a growing population of persons with serious psychiatric illness who are not receiving adequate treatment. Most of them wind up either in prison or on the streets—a shameful deficiency in our mental health care that has been highlighted by Dr. Allen Frances,6 Dr. Fuller Torrey,7 and many others. As Dr. Torrey has observed, ". . . on any given day in the United States, half of all individuals with schizophrenia, or about one million people, are not being treated."7 If there is an "epidemic" to be addressed in this country, it is this unconscionable neglect of our most severely impaired citizens.
Acknowledgments: I wish to thank Peter Kramer, MD, for his helpful comments on an early draft; and Ronald C. Kessler, PhD, for pointing out some sources of epidemiological data. The views expressed here, however, are my own.
1. Angell M. The epidemic of mental illness and the illusions of psychiatry, a two-part review in the New York Review of Books, 2011. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/07/14/illusions-of-psychiatry. Accessed September 22, 2016.
2. http://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html. Accessed September 22, 2016.
3. Pies RW. Does Psychiatry Medicalize Normality? Philosophy Now. November/December 2013. https://philosophynow.org/issues/99/Does_Psychiatry_Medicalize_Normality. Accessed September 22, 2016.
4. Whitaker R. Psychiatric drugs and the astonishing rise of mental illness in America. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 7, Number I, Spring 2005.
5. Ultimate Social Security Disability Guide: SSDI, SSI, How to Win, Information Social Security Disability Hearing and How to Prepare for Disability Hearing. http://www.ultimatedisabilityguide.com/disability_hearing.html. Accessed September 22, 2016.
6. Frances A. World's Best—and Worst—Places To Be Mentally Ill. Psychiatric Times. December 29, 2015. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/blogs/worlds-best-and-worst-places-be-mentally-ill. Accessed September 22, 2016.
7. http://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/component/content/article/2085-anatomy-of-a-non-epidemic-a-review-by-dr-torrey. Accessed September 22, 2016.
8. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/blogs/couch-crisis/there-really-%E2%80%9Cepidemic%E2%80%9D-psychiatric-illness-us. Accessed September 22, 2016.
9. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/blogs/bogus-epidemic-mental-illness-us. Accessed September 22, 2016.
10. http://archive.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/MHUS2010/MHUS-2010.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2016.
11. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/serious-mental-illness-smi-among-us-adults.shtml. Accessed September 22, 2016.
12. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/er_spd_access_2015_f_auer.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2016.
13. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50. September 2015. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.htm. Accessed September 22, 2016.
14. Bentall R. Psychiatry's failed paradigm. Washington Post. January 4, 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/shortstack/2010/01/rcent_decades_have_seen_dramat.html. Accessed September 22, 2016.
15. Pies RW. Comments on "cyclical swings" by Professor Hannah Decker: The underappreciated "solid center" of psychiatry. Hist Psychol. 2016.19:60-65. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292989454_Comments_on_cyclical_swings_by_Professor_Hannah_Decker_The_underappreciated_solid_center_of_psychiatry. Accessed September 22, 2016.
16. Leucht S, Hierl S, Kissling W, Dold M, Davis JM. Putting the efficacy of psychiatric and general medicine medication into perspective: review of meta-analyses. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200:97-106. http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/200/2/97.long. Accessed September 22, 2016.
17. Healy D, Le Noury J, Linden SC, et al. The incidence of admissions for schizophrenia and related psychoses in two cohorts: 1875–1924 and 1994–2010. BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e000447.


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The Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication announced the Fall 2019 class of distinguished adjunct fellows who join the faculty to support inclusion, equity and diversity in our courses.
Among them are two members of the Twin Cities Association of Black Journalists (TCBJ), Maria Reeve and Marsha Pitts-Phillips.
Reeve, the immediate past president of TCBJ and assistant managing editor of the Star Tribune, manages the local news content of more than 60 reporters and editors covering Minneapolis, St. Paul and surrounding communities. She joined the newspaper as a features team leader in 2011 and worked her way through the metro leadership ranks to her current role. She had been at the St. Paul Pioneer Press for 19 years where she began as a general assignment reporter and left as politics editor. Through each of her jobs, she has seen almost every kind of reporting situation – and dilemma. She will work with Jour 3771: Media Ethics, which examines the ethical and unethical ways that communicators respond to challenges.
Pitts-Phillips, president and founder, MRPP & Associates, has led PR at a large nonprofit, worked as a radio and television journalist, worked as an associate professor of communications, produced documentaries and worked in corporate television. She has collaborated on and spearheaded several large-scale PR projects including the NFL Sanctioned Super Bowl LVII Gospel Celebration broadcast on Black Entertainment Television (BET). PRSA appointed her as its first Diversity and Inclusion officer, is a member of NABJ-Media-Related Members Task Force and its local affiliate the Twin Cities Black Journalists. Pitts-Phillips will work with Jour 3279W: Professional Writing for Strategic Communication, which teaches writing skills for agency work as well as corporate and nonprofit strategic communications.
Other fellows are Nitin Dua, a strategist with Fallon, Elizabeth Flores, Star Tribune photojournalist, Luis Garrido, senior vice president ofConnections Strategy with McCann Minneapolis, Mahmood Khan, senior vice president of Digital Media & Analytics, Risdall, Anjula Razdan, deputy digital editor, Experience Life Magazine and Laura Yuen, editor for new audiences, MPR News.
The fellows, all professionals working in the areas of journalism and strategic communication, will engage with students across a range of courses throughout the semester – offering expertise in areas such as ethics and radio production to beat reporting and advertising strategy.
"Last year, our first group of adjunct fellows were a huge addition to our teaching staff, all offering a welcome perspective to each class with which they spent time. We couldn't be more pleased to welcome another class of fellows for this fall," said Director Elisia Cohen. "While we have always welcomed industry professionals as guest speakers and attendees of our events, we feel fortunate that these professionals are eager to engage with students several days throughout the semester, not only enhancing undergraduate learning opportunities in a particular course, but offering career guidance as well."


text: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 30(4):629-633, APRIL 1998 PMID: 9565947 Issn Print: 0195-9131 Publication Date: April 1998 Print Validity of the computer science and applications (CSA) activity monitor in children STEWART TROST;DIANNE WARD;SUSAN MOOREHEAD;PHILIP WATSON;WILLIAM RINER;JEANMARIE BURKE; + Author Information Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Physiology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC; John Morrison White Clinic, Center for Developmental Exercise and Nutrition Research. University of South Carolina, Lancaster, SC Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid Abstract Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the CSA activity monitor as a measure of children's physical activity using energy expenditure(EE) as a criterion measure.Methods:Thirty subjects aged 10 to 14 performed three 5-min treadmill bouts at 3, 4, and 6 mph, respectively. While on the treadmill, subjects wore CSA (WAM 7164) activity monitors on the right and left hips. ˙VO2 was monitored continuously by an automated system. EE was determined by multiplying the average ˙VO2 by the caloric equivalent of the mean respiratory exchange ratio.Results:Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that both CSA monitors were sensitive to changes in treadmill speed. Mean activity counts from each CSA unit were not significantly different and the intraclass reliability coefficient for the two CSA units across all speeds was 0.87. Activity counts from both CSA units were strongly correlated with EE (r = 0.86 and 0.87, P < 0.001). An EE prediction equation was developed from 20 randomly selected subjects and cross-validated on the remaining 10. The equation predicted mean EE within 0.01 kcal·min-1. The correlation between actual and predicted values was 0.93 (P < 0.01) and the SEE was 0.93 kcal·min-1.Conclusion:These data indicate that the CSA monitor is a valid and reliable tool for quantifying treadmill walking and running in children.


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Brian nearly proposes to Monica after proposal story
Posted: Nov 19, 2011 10:29 PM EST | Updated: Nov 6, 2014 1:33 PM EST
Brian nearly proposed to Monica after a story Saturday night after a proposal story.
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Looked from this perspective a huge task awaits the community in shaping and developing stakes in the IT - dependent future where knowledge will constitute the bulk of the trade. In the words of Dr. R. A Mashelkar, Director General of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, when we buy a kilogram of steel, 90 per cent of it is material. But when we buy Windows 98 programme, 95 per cent of it is knowledge.
This scenario calls for certain basic changes in Muslim attitude. First the Muslims will have to shun the traditional obsession with resisting new technology. No technology is un-Islamic, only its uses could be right or wrong. IT is not alone a technology but a medium of knowledge. All future schools, universities and learning processes will be based on IT and printed word will increasingly vanish. In the past, the Muslim ulema blindly opposed English and irreversibly damaged the cause of education. They merely took English as the vehicle of alien culture but forgot that it was also the medium of science and technology which were emerging as the new tools of empowerment. A Muslim member of Parliament who recently suggested the incorporation of IT in the madrassa syllabus was countered with a similar attitude by a leading Alim who rejected it "because the madrassa students were already under heavy burden of theological nisab (syllabus)". Obviously the fact that IT is the e-medium and e-language of future has still not dawned on him. Such scholars need to be told as to how easy would be information storage and retrieval if, say, all Ifta centres of the world are linked together through IT.
IT offers limitless scope in building future communities. Hiterto all new economic opportunities tended to disperse communities. IT serves to reunite-- at least culturally, emotionally and even economically-- all such diaspora-hit communities. One has to merely look at the phenomenal use of IT in bringing together the Non-Resident Indians.
The Muslim community in India should see in IT a new opportunity to network its measly resources, both in economic and cultural sectors. Just imagine how a Bhagalpur silk weaver or a Benares zari worker will be benefited if he has access to silk rates in Bangalore. Or the Muslim paper manufacturers of Sanganer (Rajasthan) can browse through directory of businessmen countrywide for direct linkage with exporters in Mumbai or Calcutta. Or just think of how Urdu, gasping for life in pockets of Uttar Pradesh or Rajasthan, could be linked to National Urdu Open University in Hyderabad. Information networking provides vast scope for the community to benefit.
The millennium - that has begun or is about to begin - will bring about a "knowledge society". The Indian Muslim should think themselves fortunate enough to be in a country which has made a headstart in Information Technology. Perhaps, the Indian Muslims can lead the greater part of the Muslim world simply by staying on par with the countrymen.
Interview : K. Rahman Khan, Member of Parliament
'We will ignore IT at our own Peril'
WE carry a huge backlog of backwardness. It can be swept away in one go by massive induction of IT skills within the community. It is wrong to think that it is a high profile profession. It will be the basic skill for future survival.
It is perhaps more than a Virtual Reality (VR) experience to do stock trading on the ICICI direct.com. One does it more professionally by a click of the mouse than being inside the stock exchange.
One should not think that computerisation or IT is eliminating jobs. It is creating more jobs. Look at Medical Transcription (MT) which is an IT-enabled industry. 99 per cent of people in the US are ensured and the field offers $ 15 billion worth of work annually. If India corness even 20% of this work, we can employ at least 200,000 people. All paper documents are being digitised by the US. It can offer business worth $ 10-15 billion to India.
Look how IT is entering the nooks and recesses of human life. Doctors in South Africa can now operate patients in any part of the world connected with the IT. One can ask a New York florist to deliver a bouquet to his neice in Manhattan on the birthday while paying through a bank card. Can you imagine humans could be ever so close?
Be it religious learning, tajweed, dawah, Ifta, IT could prove to be a boon. Muslims will ignore it only at their own peril.
Interivew : Gul M. Iqbal, MD, GI System and Technologies, Bangalore
IT brings global economic opportunities
THE information Technology is a big boon. Muslims are represented only 2 per cent in vital sectors of national life. IT has given an opportunity to tangentially intersect and grow assertive.
IT offers global economic opportunities. It eleminates discrimiation prospects. Even women can opt for it and be a part of networked IT cottage industry.
I remembered how a Gujarati silk tie-maker enhanced his market value and reach by putting her meenakari ties on the Internet. Perhaps Muslim artisans in Muradabad, Aligarh or Jaipur can create useful linkages through websites on Internets. Recently we introduced computers among Muslims through centres attached to Mosques in Bangalore. This is small step. We need to go much far.


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Job Detail
Position: Administration Support Officer
Reference Number: 1415301
|VIC, Shepparton
|Start date:
Recruitment Select are proudly seeking out a Administration Support Officer to join the team at a prominent Real Estate in Nagambie.
This role will contsist of:
- Working as a personal assistant to the principal; booking appointments, completing any paperwork needing including contacts of sale.
- Management of Social Media profile
- Reconcile the sales trust account daily
- Preparing and sending out vendor reports through MDT
- Keep up to date with office stationary
- Answering phone calls and help with general office duties
- Send weekly updates of available land in the area to all major builders
- Liaising with clients throughout the whole sales process
- Procces account sales for solicitors on sold properties
- Monitoring and management of 3 email accounts.
- Sending advertising invoices to vendors
- Organsing all marketing material for sale properties, signboard, window card, online listing and booking photography
- Order Sections 32 for sale properties and liaise with solicitors.
To apply, forward your current resume with 2 contactable references with a cover letter on why you believe you're the perfect candidate for this role to firstname.lastname@example.com or via the 'Apply' button
For more information, contact us via email above or on (03) 5822 8500
Please note, Only successful candidates will be contacted


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Apoptosis is an essential process for normal physiology and plays a key role in the resolution of inflammation. Clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) involves complex signalling between phagocytic cells, ACs, and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce. Here, we discuss apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEVs) and how their structure relates to their function in AC clearance and the control of inflammation, focussing on the ACdEV proteome. We review the current knowledge, ongoing work and future directions for research in this field.
Apoptosis plays a key role in physiology; it is the process by which unwanted cells are destroyed, which is central to development and immune regulation, in addition to normal cell turnover and homeostasis [1,2]. The process is genetically programmed and mediated by caspases which are involved in a proteolytic cascade [2]. Defects in apoptosis are implicated in many diseases including cancer [3,4], inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases [5–7]. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures secreted by cells, which are important mediators of intercellular communication in physiological and pathophysiological processes [8]. EVs are recognised as important mediators of inflammation and their immunomodulatory roles are significant in inflammatory diseases [9]. Apoptosis involves the disassembly of apoptotic cells (ACs) into smaller fragments, including apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEVs). ACdEVs are emerging as mediators of inflammation and promoters of AC clearance [10,11], although few of their specific functions have been identified [12–14]. Here, we discuss the significance of ACdEVs in AC clearance and immune modulation, and the identification of key ACdEV molecules that mediate their functions. Many questions regarding ACdEVs remain to be answered and will be discussed here.
EVs: complex mediators of intercellular communication
The biogenesis of EVs incorporates components of the cell and, as such, EVs contain and signal via lipid mediators, nucleic acids and proteins [15–18]. Cells produce exosomes (∼30–150 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, ∼100–1000 nm) which have distinct mechanisms of biogenesis [19]. Exosomes are generated through an endosomal pathway where multivesicular bodies, formed by the maturation of early endosomes into late endosomes, fuse with the plasma membrane and release their intraluminal vesicles [8]. MVs are produced by direct budding of the plasma membrane [20]. It is likely that different stimuli change the rate of EV release and the composition of the EVs, as the phenotype of the stimulated cell changes. ACs produce ACdEVs of 'greatly varying size' [1], including apoptotic bodies (1–5 µm) and smaller EVs which may or may not have the same biogenesis pathways as EVs produced by viable cells. Apoptotic bodies are produced by the process of membrane blebbing and other mechanisms of ACdEV biogenesis include the formation of microtubule spikes, apoptopodia and beaded apoptopodia [21,22]. The release of exosomes by ACs remains to be confirmed in the literature. One key function of EVs may be to prevent degradation of their cargoes in the extracellular environment, and EVs can travel to cells and tissues at distant sites. EV-associated signals can be delivered to recipient cells via EV–cell surface interactions involving specific receptors, which facilitates targeting of specific cell types [8,18]. Otherwise, the content of EVs must be transferred into the recipient cell; internalisation of EVs can occur by membrane fusion, endocytosis, phagocytosis or macropinocytosis [23–27] and the release of EV contents into the cytosol requires fusion of the EV membrane with the cell membrane or the membrane of endocytic compartments [8]. EVs and their contents may simply be destroyed in lysosomes after internalisation.
Apoptosis and apoptotic cell clearance
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, first described in 1972 by Kerr et al. [1], which is essential for normal cell turnover and homeostasis, development and tissue remodelling, as well as control of the immune system [2]. Efficient clearance of ACs prevents secondary necrosis and subsequent inflammatory responses [28]. Apoptosis plays a central role in the resolution of inflammation, as immune cells that are no longer required undergo apoptosis and are cleared by phagocytes [29]. Resolution of inflammation involves the depletion of pro-inflammatory signals, inhibition of leukocyte migration and tissue infiltration, apoptosis and cell clearance. AC clearance is discussed in detail in many reviews [10,30–33]. Firstly, ACs release 'find me signals' which stimulate migration and recruitment of phagocytes to the site of cell death. The release of AC 'find me' signals is regulated; for example, the release of ATP and UTP is mediated by pannexin 1 channels, which are opened on cleavage by activated caspases [34,35]. As well as the nucleotides ATP and UTP, other 'find me signals' released include chemokines such as CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1) [14], and lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) [36] and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) [37]. Some signals released by ACs act to inhibit migration of phagocytes; for example, lactoferrin inhibits migration of granulocytes but not mononuclear phagocytes [38]. Once an AC has been located by a phagocyte, whether engulfment (efferocytosis) occurs is determined by the balance between 'don't eat me' and 'eat me' signals (apoptotic cell-associated molecular patterns — ACAMPs) presented on the cell surface [39]. Loss of membrane asymmetry and externalisation of phosphatidylserine (PS) is a hallmark of apoptosis, and PS is a key molecule for recognition of ACs which binds to various receptors on phagocytic cells [32,40]. Other 'eat me' signals on the surface of ACs recognised by scavenger receptors include the proteins, annexin 1 [41], ICAM-3 (intercellular adhesion molecule 3) [42] and calreticulin [43,44]. Recognition and uptake of ACs also involve modification of the structure and function of 'don't eat me' signals such as CD31 and CD47 [44,45].
Apoptotic cell-derived EVs
ACs disassemble into smaller fragments in the form of apoptotic bodies, smaller plasma membrane-derived MVs [22], and ACs potentially also release exosomes. The formation of ACdEVs plays an important role in AC clearance, as they harbour AC 'find me' and 'eat me' signals and perhaps act as smaller and more easily engulfed cell fragments (Figure 1). ACdEVs are, therefore, also central to control and resolution of inflammation. The surface proteome of EVs likely determines EV–cell interactions. This could be mediated by relatively simple physicochemical means (e.g. charge) and/or more specific and high-affinity ligand–receptor molecular interactions (e.g. through the recognition of proteins, lipids or carbohydrates), which mediate recognition, uptake and signalling [18]. Macrophages preferentially phagocytose ACdEVs with certain surface compositions, such as specific glycosylation patterns; a study by Bilyy et al. [46] found that macrophages prioritised EVs presenting immature mannosidic glycoepitopes over those with desialylated glycoepitopes. As well as surface molecules, ACdEVs will also signal via the transfer of proteins and nucleic acids into recipient cells. ACdEVs can contain pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, but apoptosis and AC clearance are generally non-inflammatory processes. The anti-inflammatory functions of ACdEVs are important for prevention of autoimmune disease; for example, 'apoptotic blebs' from lymphocytes down-regulate MHC II expression on dendritic cells, but this process is impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus patients [6]. MVs from apoptotic neutrophils promote resolution of inflammation by suppression of the activity of T-helper cells [47]. Production of ACdEVs can create an amplification loop of cell death, promoting apoptosis in recipient cells and further release of ACdEVs [48]. There is a significant gap in our knowledge as the key molecules regulating these effects remain to be identified. The balance between inflammatory mediators changes over the course of apoptosis; therefore, changes in the composition of ACdEVs over time should also be investigated. Tumour cell-derived ACdEVs are often anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution and create an onco-regenerative niche [49]. Additionally, ACdEVs can play roles in promoting inflammation [7,50], antigen presentation [17] and infection — EVs can be hijacked to suppress immune responses or aid the spread of infection to neighbouring cells [51,52].
Apoptotic cell clearance in the resolution of inflammation.
Identifying ACdEV structure–function relationships
The molecular composition of EVs is a major focus for the field and this knowledge has led to an improved understanding of EVs and, in particular, how EV components (protein- and non-protein-based) may be used for the characterisation of different sub-types of EV. This is reviewed within the position statement from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles [53]. While many studies have identified the roles for EVs in physiology or pathology, there are only a few studies that have characterised the functions of specific ACdEV-associated molecules. Current knowledge of the roles of lipids and lipid mediators has been reviewed previously [54]. In particular, PS is well characterised as an important marker of ACs for recognition by phagocytes [40]; it is also enriched on the surface of EVs, so it is likely to also play an important role in ACdEV recognition. In addition to lipid composition, the proteome of ACdEVs needs to be explored further: the surface proteome and what ACdEV–cell interactions occur, how specific molecules are recognised by recipient cells, and what molecules on ACdEVs act as 'find me' and/or 'eat me' signals. As well as those on the surface of ACdEVs, the molecules inside the vesicles, proteins and nucleic acids, which are transferred into recipient cells, will contribute to their functions. Formation of ACdEVs is a highly regulated process [22], as is packaging of EV cargoes, with differential sorting of cell components depending on the cell state and phenotype [55–58]. Changes in EV phenotype may occur over the course of apoptosis and there may be different waves of EV release. ACdEVs produced in early and late apoptosis have not been well characterised.
In 1999, Segundo et al. [12] proposed that 'apoptotic blebs' function as attractants to recruit macrophages to sites of cell death; this study that found that many CD molecules (including CD11a, CD21, CD22 and CD54) are rapidly lost from the surface of apoptotic germinal centre B cells, partly via secretion of vesicles, and these 'blebs' stimulated chemotaxis in human monocytes. Since then, CX3CL1 and ICAM-3 are the only ACdEV-associated proteins that have been studied and characterised in the context of AC clearance [13,14]. CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine, is a chemokine and intercellular adhesion molecule expressed by various cell types; its receptor, CX3CR1 is expressed by mononuclear phagocytes. In a study on macrophage migration towards apoptotic lymphocytes, migration towards apoptotic Mutu Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells was found to be dependent on the interaction of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1; CX3CL1 was shown to be rapidly lost from the surface of Mutu-BL cells following induction of apoptosis, in a 60 kDa cleaved form which was found to be mostly 'microparticle-associated' [14]. ICAM-3 is an intercellular adhesion molecule expressed by leukocytes and is involved in immune response signalling. ICAM-3 is also shed from ACs within ACdEVs termed 'microparticles' [13]. ICAM-3 on the surface of these microparticles was shown to attract macrophages to sites of leukocyte cell death [13]. It is important to note that ICAM-3 is only expressed by leukocytes, so it is, therefore, not essential for clearance of all ACs and ACdEVs. However, it is possible that apoptosis-induced sub-molecular changes on ICAM-3 (e.g. altered glycosylation) may be occurring on other molecules such that there is functional conservation where ICAM-3 is absent.
Many molecules that are on the surface of, or packaged into, ACdEVs have been identified, which are involved in controlling inflammation and AC clearance, although the ACdEV-associated forms have not been functionally characterised. Annexins are commonly found on the surface of EVs [8], including annexin 1 which is an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving molecule [59]. Apoptosis induces the presentation of annexin 1 on the cell surface (co-localisation with PS) [41], where it exhibits immunosuppressive functionality [59,60]. Annexin 1 promotes polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell apoptosis, recruitment of monocytes and clearance of ACs by macrophages. Annexin 1 has been shown to be present in EVs from healthy activated PMN and mediate their anti-inflammatory effects [61]. Annexin 1 on ACdEVs is, therefore, likely to be an important anti-inflammatory mediator. HMGB1 (high mobility group protein 1) is an important nuclear protein, which is also released from immune cells to mediate immune responses such as chemotaxis and cytokine release [62]. HMGB1 can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on its posttranslational modifications; it contains three redox-sensitive cysteines, and modification of these residues alters the activity of the protein [62]. The packaging of HMGB1 into EVs from healthy and ACs (including THP-1-derived macrophages, primary T-lymphocytes, Jurkat T-lymphocytes and HL-60 cells) has been demonstrated in many in vitro studies [63–66]; this has also been demonstrated in vivo in humans [67]. However, characterisation of the specific functions of this molecule in EV-mediated communication has not yet been performed. One study interestingly found that when comparing EV subpopulations from activated and apoptotic T-lymphocytes, HMGB1 was present almost exclusively in large ACdEVs [64] and this highlights the importance of considering the significant vesicle heterogeneity in studies. There are many possible factors that may mediate the activity of ACdEVs. EVs can also contain active enzymes such as enzymes involved in ECM (extracellular matrix) remodelling — proteases and glycosidases are present on the surface of 'exosomes' [68–70]. EVs can also contain enzymes which can process other EV components to generate additional mediators [71]. Therefore, individual enzymatically active EVs may be changing over time in structure, function and perhaps potency (e.g. they may become more immune-modulating over time following enzyme activity). How these activities might affect EV function remains to be determined but will require a pathway analysis of EV composition to assess, for example, if the substrates, enzymes and, if required, transporters (components of the EV surface proteome) of products are present and functional.
Perspectives and future directions
EVs are recognised as significant mediators of intercellular communication involved in physiology and pathophysiology. While EVs produced by healthy and diseased cells have been studied over the last few decades, EVs derived from ACs have not been the main focus of research efforts. Proteomic analysis shows that the compositions of vesicles derived from ACs are distinct from those released by viable cells [64,72], as does RNA profiling [73,74], however, the functional significance of these differences is poorly understood. ACdEVs have been shown to attract phagocytes to sites of cell death and promote AC clearance. However, exactly how they signal in this context is not well characterised and their immunomodulatory functions need to be studied further. A very limited number of ACdEV-associated molecules have been characterised functionally. There are still some general issues in the field of EVs. Methods for isolation and characterisation of EVs vary across the field, as do methods for defining subpopulations and use of nomenclature [53]. Currently, exosomes, MVs and apoptotic bodies are distinguished by size, which is not entirely accurate, or by the presence of proteins that are exclusively found in exosomes. It may or may not be possible in the future to definitively separate and identify subpopulations of EVs. However, at present, it is most appropriate to discuss ACdEVs as a whole. Previous studies on apoptosis and ACdEVs have focused on apoptotic bodies, but it is becoming apparent that the other populations of ACdEVs also play important roles. Whether ACdEVs include exosomes has not been reported and should be confirmed.
Many important questions regarding the structure and functions of ACdEVs need to be addressed. Investigation of ACdEVs, identifying key molecules and their functions will provide valuable insight into how immune responses are modulated, how inflammation is controlled, how ACs are removed, and the processes behind diseases related to dysfunction in these systems. The impact of EVs on recipient cells is also of interest in the context of tissue environments. For example, cell death is known to modulate the tumour microenvironment to support tumour growth [75] and ACdEVs will likely play a role in this. Such effects have been noted in other systems where EVs from stressed cells can promote greater resilience to stress in neighbouring cells [76,77]. ACdEVs are often considered to be simply smaller, more readily phagocytosed versions of ACs. However, packaging of lipid, protein and nucleic acid mediators into EVs can be specific as well as nonspecific, and these mediators are lost from the cell; ACdEVs may, therefore, not signal and be processed in exactly the same way as ACs. Current research aims to identify specific molecules present on the surface of ACdEVs, how they are recognised by recipient cells and what their effects are. We must also consider the contribution of the whole proteome of these vesicles — what roles do proteins inside of ACdEVs play in mediating communication between apoptotic and other cells? When investigating the precise responses that ACdEVs induce in recipient cells, it is important to look at what kinds of response EVs are produced by recipient cells and how these amplify signals. Furthermore, it is plausible that different waves of ACdEVs are produced over the course of cell death, with different phenotypes and immunomodulatory functions; the changes in the population of ACdEVs over time should, therefore, be explored. The fact that EVs can carry active enzymes may also contribute to a changing population of ACdEVs. Another key question is what enzymes are present in ACdEVs and how does their enzymatic activity change EV structure and function over time? There is a great deal of complexity in this emerging field.
apoptotic cell
apoptotic cell-associated molecular pattern
- ACdEV
apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicle
Burkitt's lymphoma
C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1
extracellular matrix
extracellular vesicle
high mobility group protein 1
intercellular adhesion molecule 3
AD and IM are funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/M006298/1 and BB/S00324X/1).
Competing Interests
The Authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript.


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A five-member panel of the appeal court led by Justice Jummai Sankey delivered the lead judgement which favoured Governor Oyetola on the grounds that the tribunal's ruling read by Justice Peter Obiora amounted to judicial hearsay.
This declaration by the appellate court has now set aside the victory of Senator Ademola Adeleke of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, at the Osun governorship Election Tribunal.
From Daily Post


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The Australian Institute of Packaging (AIP) and Packaging New Zealand are introducing a new Accessible Packaging Design category to the annual Packaging Innovation & Design Awards program.
The Accessible Packaging Design Special Award is designed to recognise packaging that is accessible, intuitive, easy-to-open and innovative and is in partnership with Arthritis Australia and Arthritis New Zealand.
Entries are now open for the 2019 inaugural Accessible Packaging Design Special Award and will close on the 8 March. Entry forms and criteria are available here.
Research from Arthritis Australia in 2018 shows that all consumers struggle with packaging, but the growing ageing population, consumers with disabilities, arthritis sufferers, and children are impacted the most. Some 44 per cent of consumers struggle with packaging every day, and 92 per cent of consumers have spilt or damaged a product when trying to open the packaging.
And from a brand owner's perspective, the research is alarming. When consumers experience hard-to-open packaging, 56 per cent look for the product but in a different type of packaging and 21 per cent look at buying a competitor's product.
In addition 65 per cent of consumers have had to wait for someone to come and open packaging for them, and one in two have injured themselves opening packaging - including deep cuts and chipped teeth. According to the research 89 per cent of consumers are currently feeling frustrated or furious with packaging.
Apparently, some 67,000 people in the UK visit hospital casualty departments every year due to an accident involving food and drink packaging.
Packaging that is accessible and easy-to-open empowers consumers, provides convenience and allows you to grow your market share by meeting changing consumer needs. It is not only the ageing population that has issues with difficult to open packaging; it is also people with disabilities, arthritis sufferers, and even children. Ease of Use design should be an integral part of your packaging.
Andrew Mills, chief executive officer, Arthritis Australia said, "Consumers living with arthritis have often described what the many different impacts of this chronic condition are, but interestingly, hard-to-open packaging is one of the things that makes them feel disempowered.
"The experience of struggling with difficult-to-open packaging can be physically painful and emotionally draining to them, especially when trying to open the daily staples, such as milk, jam jars or yogurt tubs. Accessible packaging is vital to providing consumers with independence, who should be able to prepare meals for their families without a battle with packaging.
"The Accessible Packaging Design Special Award is designed to recognise those manufactures and brand owners who go above and beyond with their packaging designs and who are improving lives through improved accessibility,"
"Although there is currently no cure for arthritis, both Arthritis Australia and Arthritis New Zealand know that packaging is something we can work with industry, to improve that will have a huge positive daily benefit for all consumers. We know that consumers in both our countries face many of the same struggles, so it's important to partner together on this important award initiative and we encourage everyone to enter." Mills said.
Philip Kearney, Chief Executive Officer, Arthritis New Zealand added that, "We hear regularly, not just from people with arthritis, but from people of all ages and backgrounds that hard to open packaging makes them think twice about what they purchase, and this trend will only increase as more people are affected by arthritis.
"As this number grows consumers will become more selective in their purchases and most will look for products that makes their day to day lives easier. From a brand perspective this is an important element for all manufacturers and suppliers to consider."


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Anyone that is in the world of Internet marketing will tell you that link building is a very useful tool. It may even be the most important and useful key to improve search engine optimization, but accomplishing this task is not an easy thing to do. There are many steps, which include manual directory submission, that have to taken to get SEO done perfectly, and for this reason, its no wonder why link building s important for search engine optimization. However, link building isnt a very easy task to do. It takes a lot of time and effort and there are times that youll become frustrated and befuddled, however, sometimes this cannot be avoided. Nonetheless, link building is among one of the most important keys in search engine optimization process and an important factor to get indexed in the search engines. Although, this job can be tiresome it has to be done and the more that you work on link building methods the better odds that youll get a better ranking. In addition, link building and manual directory submission have a close relationship. They depend on one another. So, in order, to get quality back links you have to submit your links to SEO friendly directories. There are, however, some questions that arise since some think that submitting isnt worth it, while others think that its a valuable tool. The fact is, that it depends on the submission type and how you submit your site. The first, thing that you have to do first, in order, to get quality back links is to fully optimize your submission. Another, thing that has to be done for getting back links is article submission. The title of your site and your web pages also plays a role as well. At the same time, submission to the directories will use your title as to give you back links and if the title contains the keywords and phrases then itll be counted as link thats quality by the search engines. On the other hand, if your site is submitted without search engine optimization; your site is pretty much worthless since the back links doesnt have any keywords that are related to your site. Therefore, its always best to place your main keywords in the title in a short form so the title should have a title with about 50 characters for quality optimization. The descriptions on the other hand, should be short and contain keywords and should be about 250 characters. The key, though, is before you manual directory submission that you dont stuff the keywords in the description. Thus, its better to have a more catchy and attractive title along with the keywords. Doing so will attract viewers.
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Article Source:http://www.articlebiz.com/article/608716-1-manual-website-directory-submission-doing-it-right/
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text: Western isn't a school where you just show up for 4 years, take some classes, get a degree, and enter corporate America. It's a place that helps students find their passion and pushes them to pursue it with everything they've got. To bring this spirit to life, we used punk rock, striking visuals, and bold headlines to create ads that look like something from a Nike campaign. At Western, it's not just about making grades. It's about making waves.


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Joseph Brown's professional background includes over 30 years of general management experience with technology companies, ranging from start-ups to Fortune 1000 companies, and has led sales and marketing organizations around the world - in Africa, Europe, the Americas and Asia. Before joining Avangate, Brown served as the General Manager of RightNow's EMEA operation. RightNow is a provider of cloud-based customer experience software products and service.
Michael Ni Michael Ni brings over 20 years of experience as a marketing and product executive taking innovation-driven businesses to market, across software, telecommunications, consumer packaged goods and digital media industries.
Prior to joining Avangate, Ni served as Vice President of Products at Amdocs, where he drove the definition and development of customer management, retail and commerce applications.
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