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Mechanism of spatial super-resolution of time-reversed microwave system
Resonant behavior of split ring resonator in perpendicular propagation
We systematically investigate the transmission characteristics of the split ring resonator (SRR) for propagation perpendicular to the plane of the ring resonator. Both the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization are considered. A retrieval procedure is used to obtain permittivity ε and permeability μ. It is found that in the normal incidence case the SRR also has strong electric and magnetic responses. The electric response occurs when electric field is parallel to the side of the SRR (vertical polarization) and the frequency band is often higher than that of magnetic resonance. The magnetic response needs a polarization rotation (horizontal polarization) and the magnetic resonant frequency is the same as that of parallel incidence. The conclusions are demonstrated and the reasons for the electric and magnetic resonances are also discussed theoretically.
Diffraction effect of high-power laser beams through contamination particles
Terahertz thermal wave nondestructive test
This work aims at developing a new excitation method for thermal wave nondestructive test(NDT)-Terahertz excitation. In the paper we introduce a theoretical model of heat conduction for periodical THz excitation. BWO (backward wave oscillator) terahertz source is employed to heat a carbon fiber plate with wave absorbing coating, surface temperature variations and distributions are captured by an infrared camera, and Canny edge algorithm is used to process thermal images to show the defects. Result of flash pulse thermography serves as comparison, and the advantages of THz thermal wave NDT are discussed. The combination of THz technology and infrared thermal wave NDT is realized.
A new type of bidirectional long distance optical fiber chaotic secure communication system
Based on the chaotic synchronization of two response semiconductor lasers (RLs) under the injection from a common chaotic signal of a drive laser (DL), a new type of secure communication system, which allows bidirectional and long-distance information transmissions, is proposed. A corresponding theoretical model is established to study the bidirectional transmission performance, security performance and the system performance under different transmission distances. The results show that when two RLs receive chaotic light injected from a DL, the chaotic outputs of two RLs achieve a fairly good isochronal synchronization without any time delay, while there is a big difference between the signals of RLs and the signal of DL; the system owns high security level after having analyzed the various ways from which eavesdropper may obtain message; if the ordinary single mode optical fiber is used as a transmission channel, the Q factor of decoded message can reach more than 6 after a propagation over 50km; if the dispersion-shifted fiber is employed, the Q factor of decoded message can still reach more than 6 after a propagation over 200km.
Determination of tropospheric NO2 by airborne multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy
The airborne multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (AMAXDOAS) is employed to retrieve tropospheric vertical columns of NO2. The differential slant columns of NO2 are retrieved combined with the spectra in different viewing directions by the DOAS method and the vertical columns are calculated with the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN. The dependences of AMF on altitude, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle are studied. The measurement campaign in pearl region delta region on December 10 in 2008 is reported. The NO2 vertical column distribution is obtained in zenith and nadir directions. The results from airborne multi axis DOAS are compared with those from a ground-based multi axis DOAS in Zhuhai, with a deviation of 0.08. The results show that AMAXDOAS can be used to measure the tropospheric NO2 in a large area within a short time.
Selection of regularization parameters using an atmospheric retrievable index in a retrieval of atmospheric profile
Using an atmospheric retrievable index and The Nelder-Mead simplex method, a dynamic regularization parameter selection method for the retrieval of atmospheric profile with remote sensing data. And a series of test is carried out with four typical regional profiles. The results show that the ranges of the optimal regularization parameter for different profiles are small. And to improve computational efficiency in the actual retrieval process, the regularization parameter can be approximately taken as a constant. The results provide a valuable method of selecting the regularization parameters in the retrieval of atmospheric profiles using the remote sensing data.
Surface crystallization of amorphous fused silica during electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching
After low pressure fluorine plasma ecthing and oxygen ion passivation, a crystallized layer composed of SiO2 nano-crystal grains is observed in an amorphous fused silica surface. The depth of crystallized layer is at least several hundreds nanometers. Fluorine and carbon ion are generated from Ar/CF4 by the method of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). F ion breaks Si-O band of initial silica surface layer and releases O ion. Carbon ion combines with oxygen ion, and turns into CO2, and SiF4 is generated from fluorine and silicon. After initial surface layer is removed, unsaturated Si atom remains. Si dangling bond recombines with new O ion and then creates crystallized α -cristobalite nano-crystal grains under a high temperature.
Super-resolution optical microscopic imaging method based on annular illumination with high numerical aperture
On the basis of narrow-band filtered annular light-cone illumination with high numerical aperture, a new far-field super-resolution optical microscopic imaging method is proposed, and its physical model is established. Using the scalar diffraction theory, the formula of diffraction intensity in the image plane is derived for annular light-cone illumination and imaging under different numerical apertures. The diffraction patterns are further simulated through the Matlab program, which demonstrates that such a method may significantly increase the microscopic imaging resolution. Experiments have been carried out on a self-build microscopic system, showing that a resolution can be achieved to be better than 150 nm under 450 nm light wavelength and 1.125-1.25 annular numerical apertures. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, thus proving the feasibility of this microscopic imaging method.
Far-field divergent properties of linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beams
Based on the method of stationary phase and the theorem of the vectorial structure, the analytical expressions for the vectrorial terms, namely the TE and TM terms, of a linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam are derived in the far-field. According to the far-field energy flux distributions of the TE and TM terms, the ratios of the powers of the TE and TM terms to the power of the Laguerre-Gauss beam are given. The analytical formulae of the far-field divergence angles of the Laguerre-Gauss beam and its TE and TM terms are presented, respectively. A relation among the far-field divergence angles of the TE term, the TM term, and the Laguerre-Gauss beam is also derived. The formulae obtained are applicable not only to the paraxial case, but also to the non-paraxial case. The dependences of the ratios of the powers of the TE and TM terms to the whole power on f-parameter and mode number are numerically examined. The effects of the f-parameter, the mode number, and the linearly polarized angle on the far-field divergence angle of the Laguerre-Gauss beam and its TE and TM terms are also analyzed. This research reveals the far-field divergent properties of the linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam from the vectorial structure, and enriches the recognition of the propagation characteristics of the linearly polarized Laguerre-Gauss beam.
Theoretical analysis of underwater sound absorption of 0-3 type piezoelectric composite coatings
Recently piezoelectric shunt damping has attracted a lot of attention in vibration and noise control. In this article, piezoelectric shunt damping is used in underwater sound absorption in order to enhance the sound absorption of the coating. A one-dimensional electro-acoustic model is established for the calculation by combining the equivalent circuit of thickness mode of a piezoelectric composite coating with the transfer matrix of plane wave propagation. This model can be used to calculate the sound absorption of multiple layers of piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric mediums. Underwater sound absorption of the 0-3 type piezoelectric composite coatings is theoretically analyzed. Elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of the 0-3 type piezoelectric composites are calculated by Furukawa's model. Results show that the negative capacitance circuit can adjust the surface acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric composite coating at broadband frequencies. Suitable shunt resistances can make it match the characteristic acoustic impedance of water better. Therefore, the sound absorption can be greatly promoted.
Direct simulation of melting solid particles sedimentation in a Newtonian fluid
Analysis of dynamic properties of a spatial flexible beam with large overall motion and nonlinear deformation in non-inertial reference frame
A second order gradient representation of mechanics system
Density functional calculations of geomatric structure, electronic structure, stability, and magnetic properties of transitional atom endohedral unclassical fullerene M@C22(M=Sc,Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni)
The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on density functional theory(DFT) is used to analyze the structural and electronic properties of the unclassical endohedral fullerene M@C22(M=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). It is found that the ground-state structure of the unclassical fullerene C22 is a spin singlet cage containing one four-membered ring and the doping of transition metal atom can obviously enhance the stability. It is discovered that the C-M bond have both the covalent and the ionic characteristics. The analyses of magnetism, energy levels, orbital wave functions and density of states show the hybridization between the 3d orbital of M atom and the C atomic orbital in C22. In addition, Ti, Cr, Fe and Ni atoms become non-magnetic after they have been doped into the C22.
The influence of channel size on total dose irradiation and hot-carrier effects of sub-micro NMOSFET
Total dose irradiation and the hot-carrier damages are two of the important factors for the application of sub-micro and even smaller MOS devices. Therefore, how to prevent the device from being damaged attracts much attention. Total dose irradiation and hot-carrier effects of sub-micro NMOSFET with various channel sizes are studied. Electronic parameters are measured and the results show that though the principles of damages are somewhat similar, the total dose irradiation and the damage behavior and their dependences on the width-to-length(W/L) ratio of channel size for these two effects are different. The most notable damage of radiation lies in the great increase of the off-state leakage current, and the damage increases with W/L reducing. While for hot-carrier effect, several parameters such as trans-conductance change a lot, except for the off-state leakage current. And the damage increases as channel length and channel width decrease. The different damage behaviors and different relations to channel size are attributed to the different location of charges induced. Therefore, different aspects should be considered when the device is hardened against these two effects.
High-pressure state equation of high strength concrete investigated with the gas gun experiment
First-principles predictions for the tensile strength of Al metal with dislocations of twist grain boundaries
Preparation of NiO transparent conductive film and its application in polymer solar cells
Interfacial rheological study of silica nanoparticle monolayer by an indentation approach
We propose a novel approach for the study of rheological properties of silica nanoparticle monolayers at the air-water interface. The layers are deformed by indenting and raising a titanium cone. The surface pressure variations in these down-up cycles are recorded and analysed. The oscillation amplitude of surface pressure d∏ results from the tensile deformation of the particle layer. d∏ and the relaxation time are strongly dependent on the adsorption energy of particles at the interface, thereby significantly changing the particle hydrophobicity. The results provide a deeper insight into the viscoelastic behaviour of particle layer, suggesting that the proposed method can be utilized for the rheological study of the layers of this kind.
Study of electronic structure and optical propertise of γ -AlON crystal
Based on the density function theory, the electronic structure, densities of states, and optical properties of γ -AlON are calculated by using the local density approximation and plane-wave pseudoptential method. The complex dielectric functions and the optical properties including refractive index, reflection spectra, absorption spectra of γ -AlON are analyzed in terms of calculated density of state. As shown by the theoretical calculation, the static dielectric function of γ -AlON is ε1(0)=2.60, and the refractive index is n0=1.61, its absorptions in a range from IR to NUV and a UV range up to 20.23eV all approach to zero, showing the optical transparent behaviors . The calculated results are consistent with relevant experimental values, providing theoretical basis and reference for the application of the optical material to windows and domes.
Doping effect of boron in Hg0.75Cd0.25Te: first-principles study
Using the first-principles method based on the density functional theory, we study the doping effect of B impurity in HgCdTe (MCT).We find that the most stable configuration of the impurity is at the B hexagonal interstitial position, rather than at the in-situ substitution. The electronic structures and the density of states of B hexagonal interstitial doped MCT are systematically investigated. Near neighbour (NN) and next-near-neighbor (NNN) atoms around the B impurity are obviously relaxed. The relaxation induces the breaking of NN Te-Hg covalent bond. Moreover, B hexagonal interstitial behaves as triple n-type dopant. The charged state analysis indicates that Bih(2Hg1Cd) with three positive charges is most stable and forms an effecient donor. However, as long as the Hg vacancy exists, complex impurity between Hg vacancy and B impurity can be easily formed, its binding energy reaches up to 0.96 eV. Such complex behaves as single n-type dopant. Considering radiation damage of B ion implantation, the complex is a main factor restricting the activation of B ion in MCT.
Study of Rashba spin splitting and intersubband spin-orbit coupling effect in AlGaN/GaN quantum wells
Rashba spin splitting coefficients for the first two subbands α1, α2 and intersubband spin-orbit coupling coefficient η12 are obtained by projecting the characteristic equation into the subspace of conduction band. Then Schrödinger and the Poisson equations are solved self-consistently to calculate α1, α2 and η12 under different gate voltages. Then contributions to the spin-orbit coupling coefficients from the well, the left and the right heterointerfaces and the left and the right barriers of the quantum well are discussed. Resulsts show that the spin-orbit coupling coefficient can be modulated by the gate voltage, and the intersubband spin-orbit coupling coefficients calculated here are a little smaller than the Rashba coefficients α1, α2, but they are basically of the same order.
Electrical properties of platinum doped armchair graphene nanoribbons
The platinum-doped graphene has been achieved in our previous experiments. To further study the effects of metal doping on the band structures of graphene, and provide theoretical guidance for the next step of the experiment, we analyze the electronic properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with platinum atoms doping in the divacancy positions using first principle calculation based on density functional theory. The results show that the band structures of AGNRs can be effectively tailored by controlling the doping position on ribbons. Edge position is the most stable position for platinum atom. The band gaps of edge doped AGNRs can be shown in three curves like that of pristine AGNRs. However, they degenerate into two curves at large width, inhibiting the vibration of band gaps to some extent. In addition, several narrow platinum-doped AGNRs with width index Na = 3p and 3p + 1 have impurity level(s) in the band gap, reducing the large band gap effectively. Furthermore, band characteristics of platinum doped AGNRs are not sensitive to doping concentration, thus reducing the challenge of experimental precision. Our results will promote the application of graphene nanoribbons in the field of nano-electronics.
Heterojunction structure forming in the polymer film doped with small-molecule organic semiconductors
Improvement in breakdown characteristics of 4H-SiC MESFET with a gate-drain surface epi-layer and optimization of the structure
A novel SiC MESFET structure with a p-type surface epi-layer is proposed and 4H-SiC MESFET models are presented which precisely describe the working mechanism of the device. Considering carrier velocity saturation, impact ionization and electric field modulation, the effect on distribution of electric field is analyzed. Also, the output current (Ids) and breakdown voltage (VB) dependences on the dimensions of the p-type epi-layer are studied based on abrupt junction approximation. The high electric field peak at the gate edge is suppressed by introducing a new electric field peak at the drain side, and the built-in field of p-n junction formed along channel surface further weakens the electric field peaks, leading to smoother distribution of electric field. By comparison with the conventional and the fieldplated MESFETs, it is shown that the proposed structure greatly improves the characteristic of SiC MESFET. In addition, the optimized dimensions are obtained and the results show that VB is greatly increased by 33% with Ids unchanged (less than 3%) when the thickness and the doping concentration of the surface epi-layer are chosen as 0.12 μupm and 5× 1015 cm-3, respectively.
Magnetotransport property of HgCdTe inversion layer
HgCdTe-based metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor is fabricated by low-cost liquid phase epitaxy technique. Clear SdH oscillation in ρxx and quantum Hall plateaus of ρxy are observed, indicating that it is a good transistor. By measuring the magnetoresistance near zero field, we observe the weak antilocalization effect in our sample, suggesting a relatively strong spin-orbit coupling. The experimental data can be well fitted by the ILP theory. The fitting-obtained spin-splitting energy increases with increasing electron concentration, and the maximum reaches up to 9.06 meV. From the obtained spin-splitting energy, we calculate the spin-orbit coupling parameter and find that it increases with increasing electron concentration, which is contrary to the observations in a wide quantum well.
Charging effects of SiO2 thin films under defocused electron beam irradiation
Based on a three-dimensional self-consistent numerical model with consideration of electron scattering, trapping and transport, the charging effects due to low-energy defocused electron beam irradiation are simulated for a SiO2 thin film with a grounded conductive substrate. The results show that because of electron drift and diffusion, electrons can transit the electron scattering region, forming negative space charges. The space charge is, therefore, positive and negative within and outside the scattering region, respectively. Some electrons can flow to the conductive substrate, forming the leakage current, and the transient negative charging process tends to equilibrium as the leakage current increases. In comparison, the transient positive charging process approaches equilibrium with the number of returned electrons increasing due to the positive surface potential. In the equilibrium state, the surface potential of the film negatively charged decreases with film thickness and trap density increasing; it increases with electron mobility and dielectric constant. However, the equilibrium surface potential of the film positively charged varies slightly with film parameter.
Effect of internal stress on sructure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Mn2NiGa
The structures, the martensitic transformations and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Mn2NiGa with the loading and the unloading of the external compressive stress are investigated. The plastic deformation occurring during the stressing causes a high level of dislocation defects existing in the sample. The residual internal stress results in a significant increase of the reversed transformation temperature. The threshold value of compressive pressure for causing the completely martensitic transformation at room temperature is identified to be 1.0 GPa based on the experimental measurements of XRD and magnetic coercivity. The coercivity of the martensitic phase increases from 50 Oe to 350 Oe due to the application of the external stress up to 2.0 GPa. It is also observed that the reversed martensitic transformation occurrs, when the sample is treated by heating up to about 730 K. This is attributed to the elimination of the dislocation by the annealing effect. Such a high reverse martensitic transformation temperature allows the measurement of the Curie temperature of martensitic phase and the obtained value is 530 K.
Magnetic property and structure of Heusler alloy: Fe2CrGa
The KKR-CPA-LDA method was used to calculate the electronic and the magnetic structures of Fe2CrGa alloy. The results indicate that Fe2CrGa alloy prefers to crystallize in Hg2CuTi-type structure rather than L21 one. The analysis of density of states reveals that the intra-atomic exchange splitting affected by crystal field plays an important role in forming the Hg2CuTi-type structure. The molecular magnetic moments measured experimentally are in a range of 2.28–2.48μB/f.u., which is very close to that expected theoretically by the calculations based on the Hg2CuTi-type structure, but not based on the L21 structure. The experimental results also show that the Curie temperature of Fe2CrGa alloy can be continuously manipulated from 308K to 445K by heat-treating under the various conditions, indicating a high sensitivity of the exchange interaction to the atomic ordering in this system.
Effects of oxygen vacancy on impurity distribution and exchange interaction in Co-doped TiO2
Dilute magnetic semiconductors have auracted much attention because of their potential applications in spintronics. In this paper, the effects of oxygen vacancy on total energy and magnetism in Co-doped TiO2 are investigated using the density functional theory. The energy of the system with a shorter Co-Co distance is higher than that with larger Co-Co distance after introducing oxygen vacancy. Oxygen vacancy trends to congregate around the Co cations. Moreover, the strength of exchange couple reduces in the system with a shorter Co-Co distance after introducing oxygen vacancy. For the system with a larger Co-Co distance, the exchange couple between two Co impurities is anti-ferromagnetic if oxygen vacancy is located at the basal site of octahedron containing Co, and ferromagnetic if oxygen vacancy is located at the apical site of octahedron containing Co.
Magnetization reversal in FeCo binary alloy nanowire arrays
Arrays of FexCo1-x( 0≤ x ≤ 0.51) binary alloy nanowires are fabricated into the (anodic aluminum oxide) AAO template pores by AC electrodeposition. The XRD pattern indicates that the crystallite structure of Co nanowire is hcp with existence of strong (100) orientation along the nanowire axis. While the crystallites structure of FeCo binary alloy nanowires is bcc with existence of strong (110) orientation along the nanowire axes. The peaks shift toward the lower angle when the Fe content of nanowire increases. At room temperature, magnetic measurement results show that FeCo alloy nanowires exhibit excellent magnetic properties. The introduction of Fe improves the magnetic property of Co nanowire compared with that of the Co nanowire. FeCo binary alloy nanowire has a larger coercive force and squareness ratio. The coercivity of the FeCo alloy nanowire is calculated by using a magnetization reversal model based on "chains of spheres" with coherence rotation mechanism and symmetric fanning mechanism. The magnetization reversal mechanism is supported by "chains of spheres" with symmetric fanning mechanism.
Theoretical research of correlation of electronic structure with birefringence and anisotropy of TiO2
The crystal structure, the band structure, and the density of states of anatase TiO2 are analysed by using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method of the first principles based on the density functional theory. Then we calculate optical properties such as dielectric function, energy loss function, photoconductivity systematically based on the results of electronic structure, and analyse the correlation of electronic structure with birefringence and anisotropy. The obtained results are consistent well with the reported results in the literature, revealing the natures of electronic structure of TiO2 and its birefringence as well as anisotropy theoretically.
One-step hydrothermal process for self-assembly of zinc oxide nanorods array on Al-doped ZnO nanoplate surface
Self-assembly ZnO nanorod array on Al-doped ZnO nanoplate surface is directly synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal approach, without using any template, surfactant or pretreated substrates. The morphology of the ZnO nanostructure observed by the scanning electron microscopy shows that the thickness and size of ZnO nanoplate are 200 nm and 2 μm, respectively. The diameter and the length of ZnO nanorods are respectively 150 nm and 1.5 μm. A possible growth mechanism is proposed for the selective growth of ZnO nanorods array on the nanoplate substrate, which contains two stage nucleation-growth processes. Finally, the influence of Al on the photoluminescence of the sample is been discussed.
Plasmonic properties of silver cross-shape nanostructure
A comparative study between MEAM and Tersoff potentials on the characteristics of melting and solidification of carborundum
Molecular dynamic simulations of bulk melting, surface melting and crystal growth of SiC are carried out. The atomic interactions in SiC are calculated by MEAM and Tersoff potentials separately. The results show that the bulk melting of SiC with MEAM potential exhibits its relations to temperature similar to that with Tersoff potential, while can be indicated by the mean atomic energy, Lindemann index and structure order parameter. The difference between them is the bulk melt point: MEAM is 4250 K, while Tersoff is 4750 K. At the same superheat degree, the velocities of surface melting of SiC separately, with MEAM and Tersoff potentials are in substantial agreement. But at the same absolute temperature, the surface melting of SiC with MEAM potential is faster than that which the Tersoff potential, which is due to the difference in thermodynamic melting point. The Measured value of the thermodynamic melting point of MEAM is 3338 K compared with 3430 K of Tersoff. On the crystal growth side, the crystal growth velocity of SiC with MEAM potential is related to the undercooling. The fastest velocity corresponds to the undercooling of 400 K. However, the crystal of SiC with Tersoff potential cannot grow in the undercooling of 0 K–1000 K. Overall, the MEAM potential is better than Tersoff potential in the sense of describing the melting and solidification of carborundum.
Effects of shadowing on the scaling behavior of the ballistic deposition model
In surface roughening of the growth process, the shadowing effect generated by non-normal incidence of particles is a kind of long-range interaction. It is found that the surface morphology and the bulk property in non-normal incidence are nontrivially affected by shadowing effect. In this paper, the effects of the oblique-incidence angle on scaling exponent, skewness and kurtosis in surface statistics and bulk porosity are investigated by simulating the oblique-incidence ballistic deposition model. The results illustrate that there are a non-monotonic relation between scaling exponents and oblique-incidence angle, and the finite size effects of skewness and kurtosis depend on oblique-incidence angle. The simulation results are also analyzed qualitatively in the paper.
Shape memory effect and superelasticity in single crystal Ni54Fe19Ga27
Hydrogenated poly-crystalline silicon thin films deposited by inductively coupled plasma assisted pulsed dc twin magnetron sputtering
Hydrogenated poly-crystalline silicon thin films are deposited by inductively coupled plasma assisted pulsed dc twin magnetron sputtering at a temperature below 300 ℃. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The relationship between hydrogen dilution ratio and the characteristic of thin film is studied systematically. The mechanism of crystallization is discussed on the basis of the results of diagnosis of plasma by Langmuir probe and optical emission spectra.
Influence of gate voltage on gate-induced drain leakage current in ultra-thin gate oxide and ultra-short channel LDD nMOSFET's
The influence of the structure of the organic ultra-film on friction
Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the friction of mixed Langmuir-Blodgett film composed of hydrocarboxylic acid (CnH2n+1COOH, n=12,13,14,15,16,17) and the C17H31COOH, in order to investigate the influence of the structure on friction. The results show that the restiction of long chain molecules by the neighbor molecules increases and the monolayers become more steady as n increases, while the shear pressure between the monolayers decreases and reaches a minimum when n=17. The hydrogen-bond formed in the mixed monolayers is the main reason why the monolayers become more steady, espatially,the hydrogen-bonds are most steady when n=16, but the monolayer composed that just of C17H31COOH molecules has the best sliding effect; there is no hydrogen-bond between the two monolayers. The shear pressure is hardly affected by the molecular deformation.
Chaos quantum clonal algorithm for decision engine of cognitive wireless network
Temporal evolution and controllable factors for self-deflection of screening photovoltaic solitons in LiNbO3 crystal
According to the band transport model theory, we establish the temporal evolution for dynamic equations concerning screening photovoltaic solitons in LiNbO3 crystal in this paper. By using the finite difference method, we find that there exist large self-deflection bright and dark screening photovoltaic solitons in LiNbO3 crystal, where the shape of the solitons becomes asymmetry ic with the increase of time. In addition, the absolute value of slope of the curve in deflection direction turns larger, while it tends to be smaller in the opposite direction as time increases. On the other hand, analysis shows that the factors related to the degree of self-deflection and deformation include acceptor concentration NA, dark radiation Id and applied electric field E0. When NA rises, the self-deflection degree and the deformation of bright soliton become smaller and the counterpart of dark soliton has opposite tendency while Id and E0 keep invariant. Moreover, for the bright and dark solitons, the space charge field induced in crystals is easier to reach saturation as Id diminishes and there is no saturation phenomenon in both cases when the ratio between center light intensity and dark radiation intensity is 10-1. With the E0 increases, the bright soliton self-deflection degree and deformation decrease, while the dark soliton self-deflection degree and deformation increase.
Solving method of solitary wave for (3+1) - dimensional burgers disturbed system
Variational iteration solution method of soliton for a class of nonlinear disturbed Burgers equation
Analytical mechanics representations of a moving charged particle in a magnetic field with radiation friction
The anatylical mechanics representations of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field with radiation friction are studied. First, by solving the inverse problem of Birkhoffian mechanics for the differential equations of motion the 4 Birkhoffian representations of the charged particle are obtained. Secondly, 4 Lagrangian representations in the state space and 4 Lagrangian representations in the configuration space are derived, and then 4 Hamiltonians are constructed. Lastly, 4 first integrals are obtained from the analytical mechanics representations of the moving particle, and the solutions of the equations of motion are presented.
Numerical simulation of temperature field of DE-GMAW and its comparison with experimental measurements
Based on the features of DE-GMAW (double electrode gas metal arc welding), a new hybrid heat-source model that is suited for the DE-GMAW is established. Using this heat-source model, the temperature fields of DE-GMAW wtih different welding parameters are simulated. According to the simulation results with different welding parameters, in this article we analyze the influence of welding parameters on the heat input of base metal in DE-GMAW. To verify the rationality of the hybrid heat-source model of DE-GMAW, the simulation results of the temperature field are compared with the results obtained from the experiment that is carried out under the same condition. The research results indicate that under the same total current, the heat input of base metal decreases gradually with the increase of by-pass current. Moreover, the closer to the welding line the greater the decrease rate of the heat input of base metal is. The study and the comparison of the thermal cycle curve of measured points show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. These results indicate that the temperature field model is accurate and the hybrid heat-source model is reasonable.
Nonlinear waves in an inhomogeneous quantum plasma
Experimental study of tungsten and tungsten alloy coating produced by cold gas dynamic spray and tungsten particles calculation and simulation
Results of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, AFM are presented for tungsten coating produced by low and high cold gas dynamic spraying, respectively. The critical velocity of tungsten powder was calculated, what is more, tungsten particles collision was also simulated by soft ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) is a rapidly developing coating technology, in which spray particle are deposited through plastic impact on substrate at high velocities at low temperature. In these experiments, the process produced a reasonably dense tungsten coating and tungsten alloy coating. This paper reports the effect of deposition parameters which including temperature, spraying distance, particle size, etc. on the structures formed.
Single electron transport in a cavity containing a two-level atom
Geometric quantum phase for three-level mixed state
Data link layer of selective repeat protocol based on quantum teleportation
In this paper we study the quantum selective repeat protocol of data link layer based on quantum teleportation. When two sites are communicating in the physical layer, the sender divides a series of qubits into m frames by adding auxiliary qubits. After continuously transmitting m quantum frames, the receiver judges whether he receives the correct quantum frame according to the classical information provided by the sender. If the receiver receives the correct quantum frames, he returns confirmed frames using the quantum channel. If the correct quantum frames are not received, the receiver does not return denial frames. The sender judges quantum frames which he must resend according to the received confirm frames in setting time. Because the sender resends only the quantum frames which are lost or mistaken, this protocol reduces the transmission delay and improves communication efficiency. In the entire course of communications, the classical channel is used only to transmit the survey information, thus its burden is reduced.
Limit induced bifurcation due to converter transformer tap and DC controller limit
The dynamics of spiral waves in three-layer excitable medium with circular feedback coupling
Effects of sodium and potassium ion channel fluctuation on the spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal network
Taking into account sodium and potassium ion channel noises, the evolution of the patterns of neuronal networks is investigated. No matter what kind of ion channel noise is working, with coupling coefficient increasing, the spatiotemporal patterns of the neuronal network can be evolved into spiral waves when temperature and noise strength are given, and there is a coupling coefficient threshold for forming a spiral wave. The analysis shows that sodium ion channel noise contributes to the formation of spiral waves in neurons network, while the potassium ion channel noise is not conducive to the formation of spiral waves. In addition, it is found that lower temperature can make the neurons network more sensitive to noise. Finally, the transformation of spiral waves into target waves, in the case of specific parameters is discussed.
Bursting oscillations and the bifurcation mechanism in oxidation on platinum group metals
New equivalence method of integrated three-phase AC-DC system based on differential homology and chaotic analysis
A 4-D chaos with fully qualified four-wing type
Parameter identification of map chaotic system with discrete variational method
In this paper a method is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters of nonlinear map based on the discrete variational principle, which can be applied to all map chaotic systems governed by the following equation: xk+1 = F(xk,θ). Numerical simulations on the well-known Logistic map and Henón map are conducted and all unknown parameters of the two discrete chaotic systems are identified respectively. Simulation results show that the discrete variational method is effective for parameter identification of the map chaotic system.
Parameter modulation digital communication and its circuit implementation using fractional-order chaotic system via a single driving variable
Adaptive generalized synchronization between two different complex networks with time-varying delay coupling
This paper deals deals with the problem of generalized synchronization (GS) between two different complex networks with time-varying delay coupling. By designing a nonlinear adaptive controller, the GS between these two networks is achieved based on Barbalat's lemma. Furthermore, when the topological structures of two networks are fully unknown, the GS problem is also discussed. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
New soliton solutions and soliton evolvements for the (3+1)-dimensional Burgers system
Numerical simulations of dynamic scaling behavior of the etching model on fractal substrates
In order to investigate the effect of the structure of fractal substrates on dynamic scaling behavior of the surfaces, the etching model growing on the Sierpinski arrowhead and crab fractal substrates is simulated by means of Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC). It is found that the etching model evolving on two kinds of fractal substrates can exhibit dynamic scaling behavior, and can still be described by the Family-Vicsek scaling relation. Although the Sierpinski arrowhead and crab fractal substrates have the same fractal dimension, the obvious different values of roughness exponent α and dynamic exponent z, however, are obtained on these two substrates, and they neither of them satisfy the scaling relation α+z=2, which is satisfied in the usual Euclid space. It can be seen from the results obtained here that the scaling exponents of the etching model growing on fractal substrate are determined by not only the fractal dimension but also the fractal structure.
Experimental investigation of spectrum of strontium intercombination transition
We observe the fluorescence and the saturated fluorescence spectra of (5s2)1S0—(5s5p)3P1 intercombination transition of thermal strontium atomic beam. Experimental investigation of 88Sr(5s2)1S0–(5s5p)3P1 intercombination transition is performed on the different experimental conditions. Our study indicates that experimental parameters affect spectra largely, including temperature, intensity of laser and scanning frequency of laser. Intensity of spectrum is reciprocal of scanning frequency of laser due to long lifetime of (5s5p)3P1 state of Sr atom. Owing to Doppler broadening, transit broadening and other experimental factors, the linewidth of (5s2)1S0–(5s5p)3P1 fluorescence spectrum is far more than its natural linewidth and proportional scanning frequency of laser.
Detection of brain auditory evoked magnetic field based on low-Tc superconducting quantum interface device
Superconducting quantum interface devices (SQUID) is widely used in human brain signal detection. As one of the applications of magnetoencephalography (MEG) system, the detection of the auditory evoked response is useful for the development of MEG system and the research into auditory mechanism of human brain. Generally, the auditory evoked response includes three peaks which are P50m, N100m and P200m. We develop a single-channel MEG system in a magnetically shielded room based on the superconducting quantum interface device (SQUID) and second-order axial gradiometer. The responses of the main peak N100m under different tone frequencies are preliminarily studied by using our system. The typical evoked response of N100m to 1 kHz pure tone and 100 ms duration is measured to be 0.4 pT. Under the tone stimulus at low frequency, the delay of the peak N100m to the tone onset is 125 ms at 100 Hz, which is longer than the typical value of 100 ms. In comparison with the response to 1 kHz pure tone stimulus, the amplitude of the evoked response in a random frequency range from 1 kHz to 4 kHz is stronger and the delay is several milliseconds. This work lays the foundation of the studies of the auditory mechanism and multichannel MEG system by using software gradiometers.
Study on colorimetric properties of LED array sources for color vision application
Symmetry and conserved quantity of Lagrangians for nonholonomic variable mass system
Conformal invariance, Noether symmetry and Lie symmetry for holonomic mechanical system with variable mass
Theoretical analysis of magnetronlike structure
Study of material properties of Fe, S Co-doped SnO2 by first principles
First-principles study of adsorption effect of A-Z-A graphene nanoribbons field effect transistor
By performing first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the electronic structure, the transport properties, and the adsorption effect of A-Z-A graphene nanoribons field effect transistor. It is concluded that the pure A-Z-A GNR-FET has typical bipolar characteristics, and energy gaps will become smaller due to the adsorbed molecule. For the adsorption of H, N2, NO2, H2O, SO2, O2 and NO, A-Z-A GNR-FET remains typical bipolar characteristic, but shows a little difference in transport property after it has adsorbed different types of molecles. For the adsorption of OH, transport property changes totally and does not have a bipolar characteristic any more. These results may contribute to the implementation of gas detector based on GNRs and the design of GNR-FET applied in complex environments.
First-principles calculations for the mechanical properties of BC5
We employ ab initio plane-wave pseudo potential density functional theory to calculate the equilibrium lattice parameters, elastic constants, anisotropies, Poisson's ratios, and the Cauchy violation under hydrostatic pressures of 0–60 GPa for BC5 with hexagonal P3m1 and tetragonal I4m2 structures. The results show that two structures are stable under high pressure and the incompressibility increases with pressure. In addition, the electron structures, the total and the partial densities of states are also calculated. BC5 is found to be metallic with band gap, unlike other B-C compounds. The material properties of BC5 are mainly determined by B 2p1 and C 2p2 electronic states together. All these show that BC5 is an unusual super hard material, and it may be a potential candidate for diamond at high temperature. The given density of states indicates the covalent hybridization between B and C atoms in this compound. The pressure slightly influences the density of states and the band gap, indicating stability under high pressure. We also find that pressure has no influence on the density of states near Fermi level and the band gap, except for slight shifts of the bands. It can be further inferred that BC5 will have good stability under high pressure.
Theoretical study of the Rydberg series energy levels of ns2S1/2,np2P1/2,3/2, nd2D3/2,5/2 and nf2F5/2,7/2 for alkali-metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr
In the frame work of multi-channel quantum defect theory, the energy levels of Rydberg series of ss2S1/2, np2P1/2, np2P3/2, nd2D3/2, nd2D5/2, nf2F5/2 and nf2F7/2 of alkali-metal atom are calculated by the relativistic multi-channel theory, in five different approximations, i.e., frozen core approximation, with consideration of Δl=-1 dipole polarization effect, Δl=+1 dipole polarization effect, Δl = ± 1 dipole polarization effect, stretch effect, and both dipole polarization effects and stretch effect, respectively. The present calculations show that electron correlation effect plays an important role in the energy level of Rydberg series. In summary, dipole polarization effect is more important than the stretch effect, and the Δl = + 1 dipole polarization effect is more important than Δl = - 1 dipole polarization effect. However, stretch effect is more important for energy levels of both Rydberg series ns2S1/2,(nd2D3/2,nd2D5/2) of Na, and Rydberg series (np2P1/2,np2P3/2) of Li.
Soliton excitations of one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model
One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model is studied in detail. Soliton solutions in infinite space is presented, The elliptic function wave solutions and its nenergy and effective mass are also found under the periodic boundary condition.
Correlated Doppler optical coherence tomography
Analysis of aerosol sources and optical properties based on backward trajectory method over SACOL
Backward trajectories computed using the NOAA HYSPLIT model and global NOAA-NCEP/NCAR pressure level reanalysis data from November 2007 to October 2010, are used to trace air history and analyze the atmospheric transportation properties over SACOL. The cluster analysis has the advantage of providing highly disaggregated trajectory clusters, from which fifteen significant clusters arriving at the SACOL, which reflect the main feature of air mass trajectories, are obtained during this period. It is found that the air mass trajectories from Sichuan province and Chongqing account for 16% of all trajectories and have the biggest influence, those from local and Shanxi province have the second biggest influence, and those from the Eastern Europe and Bangladesh have the smallest influence. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 870nm and Ångström exponent acquired by a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) at SACOL are employed to analyze aerosol optical properties and particle characteristics under the control of different air mass sources. The maximum average AOD of 0.29± 0.12 (mean ± standard deviation of mean) corresponds to the air mass originating from Taklimakan Desert, whereas the minimum average AOD is 0.14± 0.02 from Bangladesh. According to ambient conditions of the studied site and the geographical conditions and moved track of air mass, the quantitative contributions of different sources to the three-year average AOD of 0.22 are investigated. The results show that the greatest contribution to the average AOD, accounting for almost 41.1%, came from local and regional sources, an additional important contribution from dust areas is about 28.4% of the average AOD, the contribution from the Central Asia source occupies 17.9%, that from Eastern Europe and Middle East is 12.6%.
The simulation and revision of soil moisture over Tibetan Plateau
Analysis of decadal characteristics of leading teleconnections based on complex networks theory
We construct a complex network of the middle latitude circulation system of north hemisphere (NCNH). The decadal characteristic of leading teleconnection and its probable correlation with abrupt climate change are analyzed base on the circulation system network. Results show that (1) action centres of NAO, EUPA and WP have all moved during different periods in the recent 40 years and there has been a common abrupt change process as the end of the 1970s and beginning of the 1990s separately; (2) the new index which denotes the importance of teleconnection is defined using the node degree of NCNH. The temporal change of new index shows that the leading modes were PNA, EUPA and WP before the 1980s; index of NAO notably increased and all the five teleconnections were comparatively robust after 1980s; the index of AO notably increased and other modes comparatively decreased after 1987. So, center and index changes of decadal leading teleconnections may be another important phenomenon of abrupt climate change.
Growing two-dimensional manifold of nonlinear maps based on generalized Foliation condition
In this paper we present an algorithm of computing two-dimensional (2D) stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points of nonlinear maps. The 2D manifold is computed by covering it with orbits of one-dimensional (1D) sub-manifolds. A generalized Foliation condition is proposed to measure the growth of 1D sub-manifolds and eventually control the growth of the 2D manifold along the orbits of 1D sub-manifolds in different directions. At the same time, a procedure for inserting 1D sub-manifolds between adjacent sub-manifolds is presented. The recursive procedure resolves the insertion of new mesh point, the searching for the image (or pre-image), and the computation of the 1D sub-manifolds following the new mesh point tactfully, which does not require the 1D sub-manifolds to be computed from the initial circle and avoids the over assembling of mesh points. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with hyper chaotic three-dimensional (3D) Hénon map and Lorenz system.
High resolution imaging technique based on phase diversity hybrid method
Simulation of culmulated microimpacts of micro debris to solar cells and function degradation


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- Order number: KO.KO.0021
Has your child outgrown LIKEaBIKE? They can switch to the 16" LIKEtoBIKE children's bike... more
Product information "Kokua LIKEtoBIKE VB 16'' v-brake pink"
Has your child outgrown LIKEaBIKE? They can switch to the 16" LIKEtoBIKE children's bike without having to make any major changes!
The design of the LIKEtoBIKE is based on the proven LIKEaBIKE jumper. Weight optimisation was a very important factor in the development of the children's bike: at 7.5 kg it is extremely light! Frame, fork, bottom bracket and all attachments are made of aluminium.
Technical data:
> frame and fork: aluminium
> wheels: 16", aluminium rims and hubs, stainless steel spokes
> Tyres: Swallow BIG APPLE
> stem and handlebar: headset, aluminium
> Handles: children's handles (bicycle)
> seat post: aluminium
> Saddle: saddle suitable for children (bicycle)
> Brakes: V-Brakes, Aluminium
> brake handles: adjustable, short aluminium handles
> bottom bracket: aluminium, crank length 102 mm,
Chainring 32 T with chain protection ring
> Chainguard "Chainrunner"
> Bottom bracket: Cartridge
> standard accessories: side stand, bell,
front and rear reflector
> optional accessories: mudguards, luggage carrier
> Dimensions: suitable for children from approx. 3 1/2 years with a
Inside leg length of approx. 40-55 cm
> weight: 7,5 k
|16 Zoll
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subset: commoncrawl


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Six Airline Fees You Should Know AboutRead More
The Hidden Catches In the Equifax Settlement
August 12, 2019
Nearly two years ago, Equifax failed to prevent a data breach that allowed hackers to steal the personal information of nearly 150 million Americans. (Equifax is one of the three leading credit reporting bureaus—TransUnion and Experian are the others.)
This was the third major hack of Equifax in less than two years. It took the company three months to disclose the theft. And three of its top executives sold large blocks of its stock days after Equifax discovered the breach, but before it was revealed to the public. In addition, Equifax admitted it was aware of the security flaw for a full two months before it took action to plug the hole, thus allowing hackers access.
On July 22, Equifax agreed to pay the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) up to $700 million to settle investigations into the data breach by 48 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, and to cover civil penalties. Between $300 million and $425 million of that is earmarked to compensate consumers affected by the breach.
What consumers were offered
Affected consumers can get at least four years of free credit monitoring of their credit report at all three major credit bureaus, plus an additional six years of free credit monitoring of their Equifax credit report. Minors are eligible for even more free credit monitoring.
Those who decide to opt-out of the free credit monitoring can receive a cash payment of $125.
Consumers may also be eligible for reimbursement and cash payments of up to $20,000 for:
- time spent protecting their identity or recovering from identity theft (up to 20 hours at $25 per hour);
- money spent protecting their identity or recovering from identity theft, like the cost of freezing or unfreezing their credit report or disputing unauthorized charges to their accounts; and,
- up to 25 percent of the cost of Equifax credit monitoring or identity protection products they bought between September 7, 2016 and September 7, 2017.
Finally, affected consumers are eligible for free identity restoration services for at least seven years if someone steals their identity or they experience fraud.
The money isn't there
For some reason, the government negotiators who agreed to let Equifax off the hook by paying $31 million to the estimated 150 million affected victims didn't realize that $31 million divided by 150 million wouldn't equal $125 each.
"The public response to the settlement has been overwhelming," the FTC reported. "Because the total amount available for these alternative payments is $31 million, each person who takes the money option is going to get a very small amount."
The money is available for the free credit monitoring, however, and the reimbursement for recovering from identity theft.
You give up rights if you settle
If you were impacted by the breach and you do nothing, you will automatically waive your right to sue Equifax in the future. Remember, just because you haven't been the victim of identity theft yet, this information is permanently "out there" and you may be impacted in the future.
By filing a claim, you also will lose your right to take future legal action, because you will have "settled" your claim.
What you can do
If you wish to file a claim, experts recommend opting for the free credit monitoring, which could be worth hundreds of dollars a year. Even if you have free credit monitoring through another source (as a result of some other data breach or through your credit card, for example), it may last only a year or two or cover only one or two of the three credit monitoring bureaus.
If you don't want to give up your right to sue, you must opt out of the settlement entirely by filing a written "request for exclusion" by mail with the settlement administrator postmarked no later than November 19th, 2019. For more information on how to do this, check here, question #23.
If you have already filed a claim for the money, it's not too late to opt for the free credit monitoring instead. According to the FTC, once the court approves the deal, the settlement administrator will be sending emails to people who submitted a claim for the cash alternative. However, the email will also give you an opportunity to switch to free credit monitoring. If you don't want to wait, send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Unlike this pitiful excuse for a "settlement," BILLSHARK is always on the up-and-up. Our offer is simple: Send us your bills and we'll review them for free. You pay only if we can save you money. Period.
BILLSHARK is a leading bill reduction service. Our Sharks empower consumers by lowering their monthly bills and leveling the playing field with their providers. Want to keep up with the latest from the Sharks? Sign-up for our newsletter here.


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Connected learners - Creative leaders
Welcome back to Maleny State School in 2015! The School Wide Positive Behaviour focus for this coming fortnight is the buzz words of "First time, every time!". This means that to be safe students will:
As part of class activities teachers and students will discuss and consider:
© The State of Queensland (Department of Education) 2019


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It's a girl: Duchess gives birth in London
It's a girl.
The Duchess of Cambridge has given birth to a daughter, giving the Queen her fifth great-grandchild and installing a new princess fourth in line to the British throne.
Supporters outside St Mary's Hospital in London cheered when Kensington Palace announced that Kate "was safely delivered of a daughter at 8.34am" on Saturday morning (17.34 AEST).
The baby weighs 8lbs 3oz (3.7kg) and the Duchess's husband, Prince William, was present for the birth, which happened less than three hours after the Duchess was admitted to hospital.
"The Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Harry and members of both families have been informed and are delighted with the news," the palace said in a brief statement that was also released on Twitter.
"Her Royal Highness and her child are both doing well."
The name of the baby will be announced "in due course". Punters are favouring Alice, Charlotte or Elizabeth.
The new princess is fourth in line to the British throne behind Prince Charles, Prince William and her older brother, Prince George, who was also born at the private Lindo Wing in 2013.
Prince Harry, now in Australia on an army posting, has been bumped down to fifth.
The world is now waiting for the royal couple to emerge onto the hospital steps to show their new child.
It is expected William and Kate will pose for photographers with the princess just as they did 22 months ago with Prince George.
Sources say that could happen as soon as Saturday night (Sunday morning AEST).
Australian-born superfan Kathy Martin has been camped outside the Lindo Wing for almost a fortnight waiting for the royal baby to arrive.
She has been a royal supporter since seeing Princess Diana in Bendigo in 1983.
"I didn't camp out then because I didn't know about camping out at that time," Ms Martin told AAP while sitting next to her tent.
But after moving to Britain in 1996, she has camped out for Princess Diana's funeral, the Queen Mother's funeral, William and Kate's wedding, the Queen's diamond jubilee and Prince George's birth.
Ms Martin said on Saturday the arrival of a new princess was "awesome news".
Her voice hoarse from doing non-stop interviews, the 52-year-old said she had managed to preserve enough "so I can cheer them on".
Wrapped in an Australian flag, the royalist dismissed any suggestion Australia might one day become a republic, stating: "They won't get rid of the monarchy because there's strong royal supporters out there."
Ms Martin is tipping the princess will be named Elizabeth.
Fellow superfan Terry Hutt - who dresses in a loud Union Jack suit but is softly spoken - hopes the baby is called Amber. That's his granddaughter's name.
The 80-year-old is already looking forward to future births.
"It's wonderful because she (the new princess) is going to make more babies," the retired carpenter told AAP.
Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who knighted the Queen's husband Prince Philip this year, said on Saturday "Australia shares this young family's joy".
"We wish the young princess a long and happy life," Mr Abbott said in a statement.
The Duchess of Cambridge was admitted to St Mary's Hospital at 6am local time. William and Kate travelled by car from Kensington Palace.
They will return to the palace for a few days after leaving the Lindo but then retreat to their Norfolk home Anmer Hall.
A paper proclamation announcing the new baby's birth has been placed on a golden easel outside Buckingham Palace and will remain there for 24 hours.
The build-up to this royal birth has not been as intense as two years ago mainly because the baby is a "spare" rather than a future heir.
Britain is also in the midst of a general election campaign.
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Spectra is passionate about serving our community, so on the 2nd Sunday of every month Spectra offers a free parent support group for families raising a child with special needs from 3:30PM-5:00PM. At the group parents are provided a safe environment to share, connect and vent. Child care is FREE doing this event so the parents can talk and mingle in our lobby area. RSVP required. To RSVP email firstname.lastname@example.com
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: July 1Spectra Closed July 1-7th
Later Event: July 30Daily Drop-in Day Camp


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Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz) – Infinite Ammo + No Spread + Damage Hacks
Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz) Gold Hack – Zombie House Blitz is a speed cardgame, where players are trying to save members of their family from the zombies by getting people (cards) out of the house (stack) and into the cars (points piles) to safety.
ZHB plays in about 15-30 minutes, with 2-4 players. Players don't take turns, it's a mad dash to get your cards into the shared scoring piles in the center of the table.
Each round of the game players will start with a stack of cards (their house) and three face up card next to them (escape routes). When everyone is ready, play begins with each player flipping cards from their draw deck. Any face-up cards can be moved into the scoring area as long as they can be placed on top of a card of the same suit in ascending order (1-6). Once all the cards in a players House stack are gone, the round ends.
Players score points for family members that escaped (made it to the scoring area), but lose points for people eaten by zombies. Gudang ngecit
Features Of The Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz) :
ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz) – Infinite Ammo + No Spread + Damage Hacks was released and updated on 7 Sept 2017!
Trainer Contains:
- Infinite Ammo : Your ammo count doesn't get reducded while shooting. This works for all weapons including explosives !
- No Recoil (removed): No recoil on weapon
- No Spread + Crosshair Hack : Your bullets don't get spread and the crosshair doesn't change while shooting thus increasing the accuracy.
- Always a Headshot / Damage Hack : It's always a headshot no matter where you shoot the enemy at. This increases the damage dealt and the resources earned.
Enable the hacks while the game is still loading !
You must have it In use for Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz):
- Cheat Engine (No Need To Download If You Already Have It And It Has Been Installed On The PC/Laptop You Guys)
- Cheat Trainer (File Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz))
How Do I Use The Cheat ZBlitz (Zombie Blitz):
- Download Cheat, Open and Extract File.
- Right Click Run Administrator
- Click Hack Then Select A Game From Below To Hack And Click Select
- Open game which will hack
- Select the folder from install cheat engine
- Select the browser you use and click
- Click cheat features you want and then click the Enable
- Happy Playing


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Hey guys, I have just joined the site and have written a draft for my first SCP. If anyone would like to check it out before I try my hand at posting it to the main site that would be cool. Also 2668 is simply a place holder, as I know that designation has been taken.
Alrighty so I have just become a part of the community which I have been interested in for quite some time. Here is my first attempt at creating an SCP:
All critiques and questions are welcomed and appreciated. And 2668 is simply a place holder name for this SCP.


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The vaporizer was commissioned from a English manufacturer, noted for high-end devices. As this is the priciest vaping device on the planet, it is likely they never produced such a thing want it before. While what we many wish to know is if this over-the-top gesture persuaded his lady to use up vaping, what we will settle for is this - is that really the most effective vape pencil on earth?
In most fairness, we wouldn't transform it down. The chance to maintain a vaporizer worth $74,000, much less vape from it would be the opportunity too great to pass up. But when there is a very important factor we have discovered screening, trying, and offering vaporizers through the years, it's that what is inside, issues much more than what is outside. So, costly treasures away, we would require a excellent look inside that vape pen to know if it defeats out items like the precious Kandypens and the H Pen.
Needless to say, you can find other criteria when buying a fantastic vape pencil in 2017. As an example, the cartridge is important. You certainly need to discover a brand that had the feeling and forethought to create the end of a temperature tolerant material.There are a few companies that produce their end of plastic, which will not conduct heat like steel, but leaves an identifiable smell since the steam passes through the mouthpiece.
That doesn't trouble specific persons, but if you should be buying actually clean burn, look elsewhere. Particularly produced rubber is probably your absolute best guess, and if a business requires the full time and treatment to add an odorless end, they probably gave considered to other parts of the vape pen as well.
First up, the battery of your vape pencil appears like an average, run of the mill part of this device, however it isn't. It is just a specific tragedy feeling when you head to vape, and your portable, meant for quick travel and everywhere use vape pencil is out of battery. This is actually the component that makes your vape pencil lightweight, but it also keeps you associated with a timeframe while keepin constantly your eyes on the vapes battery life.
Most vaporizers are powered by lithium batteries today. In the event that you stumbled upon a vape pencil that's a different key component, provide it a close look. These lithium batteries come in different sizes, which a bigger battery often suggests longer vape boundless cf . So, if you are on the run all day long, it might be essential to locate a vape pen that may match your lifestyle. But, battery living is not remote from one other parts within your vape pen.
The heating element you decide on for the vape pen is going to rely less on quality and more on which item you intend to vaporize. If you are using a dry plant, you want to search for an advanced heating chamber, like the clay chamber in the Atmos Orbit vaporizer.
If you are into e-liquid, you then have a wide variety of possibilities offering the similar coils available on the VOID Vaporizer from XEO to tank construction noticed in famous brands White Rhino devices. Last but not least, if you are attempting to pat, then picking a vape pen is going to fall to a chamber that may handle polish, such as for example Gravity by Kandypens.
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Have a good weekend!
P.S Thank you for all the comments recently. I'm sorry for deleting some accidentally. I'm still learning...for example...how can you 'reply' to a comment? Thank you!
what?! you lucky girl you : ) i would kill for some good concerts here in korea!ReplyDelete
I have to say,it was one of the coolest things I've done- concerts on the beach are now one of my favourite things!ReplyDelete
I am CRAZY jealous! Have a wonderful time!ReplyDelete
Thanks krysten,was fab.ReplyDelete
seriously.. how can you not listen to flo and dance??!!ReplyDelete