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Uzbekistan: Insurance & Reinsurance 2019
Chapter contentFree access
1.1 Which government bodies/agencies regulate insurance (and reinsurance) companies?
The insurance industry in Uzbekistan is supervised by the State Insurance Supervisory Inspection Department (Gosstrakhnadzor), which was established on 8 July 1998, by the Cabinet of Ministers, under Resolution No 286 On Measures for the State Supervision of Insurance Activity. Gosstrakhnadzor began working as the insurance supervisory authority in February 1999.
The Ministry of Finance:
- establishes binding standards for solvency and the procedure for determining them, a methodology for calculating the maximum permissible amount of insurers' liabilities for individual risks and the total amount of liabilities, and the procedure and terms for providing information on the solvency of insurers;
- controls the compliance of professional participants in the insurance market with legislation on insurance activities, ensuring established solvency ratios and other requirements for their financial stability;
- licenses the insurance activity of insurers and insurance brokers;
- establishes the procedure and conditions for the formation and placement of insurance reserves of insurers, as well as the procedure for recording and reporting on such, with the exception of the procedure for agreeing the placement of insurance reserves in government securities of foreign countries;
- establishes the qualification requirements for the director and chief accountant of the insurer, insurance broker and their separate subdivisions;
- establishes the form of the financial statements provided by the insurers and the annual financial statements they publish, as well as the procedure and terms for its provision and publication;
- establishes the form of the financial statements provided by the insurers and the annual financial statements they publish, as well as the procedure and terms for its provision and publication;
- in accordance with the established procedure, imposes a penalty in the amount of up to 0.1% of the minimum amount of the statutory fund of the insurer for violation by the insurer of legislation on insurance activities, including established economic standards;
- suspends the validity of licences of insurers and insurance brokers in full or in respect of certain types (classes) of insurance in accordance with the procedure established by law, and also appeals to the court to terminate their actions;
- applies measures and sanctions in respect of insurers and insurance intermediaries in accordance with the legislation, in case of violation of legislation on combatting the laundering of proceeds from crime and financing of terrorism;
- publishes, within six months after the end of each fiscal year, annual reports on activities for the regulation and supervision of insurance activities, as well as statistical data on the activities of the insurance market during the fiscal year;
- establishes the procedure and conditions for the implementation of investment activities by insurers, as well as their financing of measures to prevent the occurrence of insured events, except for the order of agreeing a list of preventive measures financed from the reserve for precautionary measures of the insurer;
- establishes the procedure for providing actuarial services;
- develops and approves training programmes and the procedure for obtaining qualification certificates for actuaries;
- in accordance with the established procedure, issues, terminates and revokes actuaries' qualification certificates, and maintains a register of actuaries with a qualification certificate;
- requests information from professional participants of the insurance market; and
- exercises other powers in accordance with the law.
The Ministry of Finance and its employees have no right to participate in the statutory fund and in the management bodies of professional participants in the insurance market, and also to act as an insurance intermediary, with the exception of participation in the statutory fund and management bodies of the JSCs 'UzAgroSugurta', 'Kafolat' and the national export-import insurance company 'Uzbekinvest'.
The Uzbek government is improving the economic and political environment as compared to previous years. The President and government are bringing the country back to the level it was some time ago. This can be seen in each and every aspect of society. There have been substantial improvements to the banking, insurance, education, medicine and pharmaceutical sectors.
A special expert council is being created under the Foreign Trade Ministry of Uzbekistan, tasked with boosting the development and implementation of programmes for comprehensive support of domestic exporters. Independent experts as well as the direct representatives of export businesses, together with the specialists of the Ministry, will be a part of the council, according to the concept.
1.2 What are the requirements/procedures for setting up a new insurance (or reinsurance) company?
The state registration of insurers and insurance brokers is carried out by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the order established by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The minimum authorised capital for insurance companies operating:
- in the general insurance sector – UZS 7.5 billion;
- in the life insurance sector – UZS 10 billion;
- in compulsory insurance – UZS 15 billion; and
- exclusively for reinsurance – UZS 30 billion.
The initial statutory fund of the insurer must be formed by the founders by the time the licence is received, and it cannot be less than the minimum statutory fund amount established by law.
To obtain a licence, the applicant must submit the following documents to the licensing authority:
- an application for issuing a licence, indicating the name and organisational and legal form of the legal entity, the location (postal address), the name and account number of the bank, and the type of licensed activity that the legal entity intends to implement;
- notarised copies of the certificate of state registration of the legal entity and its registered constituent documents;
- documents confirming the compliance of the head and chief accountant with the qualification requirements established by the specially authorised state body for regulation and supervision of insurance activities (application form, notarised copies of higher education diplomas or certificates from the authorised state body recognising the equivalence of higher education documents received from a foreign educational institution, and a work record book);
- a document confirming the submission by the licence applicant of a fee for consideration by the licensing authority for the application;
- documents confirming payment of the authorised capital (certificate of the bank, acts of acceptance and transfer of property, or other documents) in an amount not less than the minimum authorised capital;
- economic justification of insurance activities, including a business plan for a licensed insurance class, containing a forecast for the development of insurance operations, a plan for prospective reinsurance transactions, and a plan for calculating insurance reserves; and
- rules (conditions) for the types of insurance for which a licence is requested, containing a definition of the scope of insurable subjects and restrictions on the conclusion of insurance contracts, a definition of insurable objects, a list of insurable events, in the event of which the insurer's liability for insurance payments arises (basic and additional conditions), exemptions (risks or property) for which the insurer is discharged from performance of obligations, tariffs (rates) of insurance premiums, the mutual obligations of the parties under insurance contracts and possible cases of failure to pay under insurance contracts, and the order of consideration of claims under the insurance contract.
Examples of insurance contracts must be attached to the rules.
Rules (conditions) of insurance, approved by the head of the licence applicant, are presented in two copies, which must be bound and numbered.
Applicants of a licence, the subject of which is exclusively reinsurance, must submit the documents specified above, except for the final point relating to insurance rules (conditions).
Licence applicants whose subject is also compulsory insurance for civil liability of vehicle owners, together with the documents specified in this subparagraph, must additionally submit:
- a notarised copy of the agreement on the membership of the insurer with the Guarantee Fund for Compulsory Motor Third Party Liability Insurance; and
- documents confirming the presence of branches and other separate divisions of the insurer in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, in all oblasts and the city of Tashkent that are authorised to conclude compulsory insurance contracts, consideration of claims of victims to insurance payments and insurance payments themselves.
Licence applicants whose activity includes obligatory insurance of employers' civil liability, together with the documents specified in the list above, must additionally submit documents confirming the presence of branches and other separate divisions of the insurer in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, in all oblasts and the city of Tashkent that are authorised to conclude contracts for compulsory insurance of employers' civil liability or annuity contracts.
1.3 Are foreign insurers able to write business directly or must they write reinsurance of a domestic insurer?
The market is admitted. Execution of insurance by foreign insurance companies in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is not allowed. Foreign insurers can only reinsure the risk of a domestic insurer.
Local insurers cannot assume obligations that exceed the maximum allowable size for individual risks, and the maximum permissible aggregate amount of liabilities, except for cases when their ability to fulfil these obligations is reinsured in accordance with the established solvency ratios and other requirements for financial stability. Insurers have the right to reinsure their obligations outside the Republic of Uzbekistan.
1.4 Are there any legal rules that restrict the parties' freedom of contract by implying extraneous terms into (all or some) contracts of insurance?
There are internal rules of insurance developed by each insurance company independently in line with the authorised state bodies' guidelines.
1.5 Are companies permitted to indemnify directors and officers under local company law?
Yes. There are no restrictions relating to a company indemnifying directors and officers.
1.6 Are there any forms of compulsory insurance?
In accordance with the meaning of Article 914 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, there is a system of voluntary and obligatory insurance.
For obligatory insurance, an insured is obliged to enter into a contract with an insurer under the terms of the legislation in force.
Hereunder is a list of the types of obligatory insurance in the Republic of Uzbekistan:
- Motor third-party liability.
- Employers' liability.
- Carriers' third-party liability (death, bodily injury and property damage of passengers).
- Third party and environmental liability for accidents at hazardous production facilities.
- Professional liability for the following: valuers; customs clearing agents; financial services consultants; auditors, real estate agents; and notaries.
- State insurance of the life and health of workers in the energy and mining industries, court officials, the military, emergency rescue services and tax services personnel.
- Third-party liability for hazardous cargo transportation.
- Ecological insurance.
- Contractors' all risks for objects built with state funds or under state guarantee.
- Insurance of items taken as loan pledges.
- Insurance of leased equipment.
- Insurance of property offered as security.
- Insurance of mortgaged property.
- Insurance of risks under concessionaires' contracts.
- Insurance of valuables in the post.
- Tourist insurance.
- Export contract insurance.
- Life and health insurance for participants in clinical trials (required by trial sponsors in order to obtain a licence – not a legal requirement).
Supplementary Information on Compulsory Insurances
There is no official comprehensive list of all compulsory types of insurance in Uzbekistan; they are all referenced in separate places in legislation.
The four main types of compulsory cover are:
- motor third-party liability;
- employers' liability;
- carriers' third-party liability; and
- third-party and environmental liability for accidents at hazardous production facilities.
Statutory limits and tariffs in respect of these classes are set by the Cabinet of Ministers in resolutions separate from the individual laws implementing the class. Further information is provided in the Motor, Workers' Compensation and Employers' Liability, and Liability sections of this report.
2.1 In general terms, is the substantive law relating to insurance more favourable to insurers or insureds?
In general, (re)insurance agreements protect the interest of insurance companies. The authorised body is in the process of creating ombudsmen (authorised representative of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan), which will enable insureds to make complaints with respect to their policies and related claims.
2.2 Can a third party bring a direct action against an insurer?
A party which does not have any title in an insurance agreement cannot bring a direct action against an insurance company.
2.3 Can an insured bring a direct action against a reinsurer?
As per the insurance legislation, the fronting insurance company which issues the insurance contract is fully responsible in front of the insured, and the insured has no right to go directly to the reinsurance company.
Cut-through clauses are not popular with local insurance companies. However, if such a clause is attached to a reinsurance contract, this will enable the insured to take action against the reinsurer, if required.
2.4 What remedies does an insurer have in cases of either misrepresentation or non-disclosure by the insured?
As per the law, the insurance company can reject the claim, not return the premium and, if required, take legal action against the insured.
2.5 Is there a positive duty on an insured to disclose to insurers all matters material to a risk, irrespective of whether the insurer has specifically asked about them?
Yes. As per the principles of insurance, the client has to disclose all material information, which he is aware of, regarding the risks that are going to be transferred to the insurance company and, furthermore, he should update the insurance company during the policy period in case the circumstances change from those stated at the inception of the cover. Otherwise, the insurance company can reject the claim, if any, and not return the premium as well.
2.6 Is there an automatic right of subrogation upon payment of an indemnity by the insurer or does an insurer need a separate clause entitling subrogation?
A subrogation clause is a standard clause within an insurance agreement unless otherwise agreed.
3.1 Which courts are appropriate for commercial insurance disputes? Does this depend on the value of the dispute? Is there any right to a hearing before a jury?
If the parties, in their agreement, have agreed upon a pre-trial procedure for dispute resolution (e.g. through negotiations), they should follow that procedure before going to court. If negotiations have failed, only then may the parties go to court. Otherwise, the court will dismiss the case.
Foreign entities have the same procedural rights and duties as their Uzbek counterparts.
Generally, the parties are free to determine the court competent to hear their dispute(s). If such jurisdiction is not determined, a claim should be filed with the court where the defendant is located. If there are several defendants, the claim may be filed where one of the defendants is located.
Any court decision may be appealed to the appellate court (before the decision becomes effective) and to the cassation court (after the decision becomes effective).
3.2 How long does a commercial case commonly take to bring to court once it has been initiated?
Depending on the value of dispute, it may take between three and six months. Usually the parties appoint a law firm or lawyers specialised in insurance affairs.
4.1 What powers do the courts have to order the disclosure/discovery and inspection of documents in respect of (a) parties to the action, and (b) non-parties to the action?
The courts have full power in this regard.
Each party shall prove the circumstances it refers to as the grounds for their claims and objections. Legal representation in court involves a deep analysis of all the circumstances of the case. For this, it is necessary to examine all the documents, all the evidence, to question the concerned parties, etc.
4.2 Can a party withhold from disclosure documents (a) relating to advice given by lawyers, or (b) prepared in contemplation of litigation, or (c) produced in the course of settlement negotiations/attempts?
No. A party cannot withhold documents from disclosure.
4.3 Do the courts have powers to require witnesses to give evidence either before or at the final hearing?
Yes, they do. In cases where one party is reluctant to give evidence, the court is able to ask the embassy in his territory to send an application via local court inviting him to the court in order for him to provide his evidence. In cases where the parties are residents of the country, the court can request parties to attend court on a specific date to provide their evidence, and local law enforcement bodies are used by the court to enforce this.
4.4 Is evidence from witnesses allowed even if they are not present?
No. In cases where the party is not present, he is able to provide his evidence via his lawyer or by referring to a notary public and then sending the legalised version to the country where the case is in process.
4.5 Are there any restrictions on calling expert witnesses? Is it common to have a court-appointed expert in addition or in place of party-appointed experts?
Depending on the case, an expert witness can be called in. It is not common to have a court-appointed expert.
4.6 What sort of interim remedies are available from the courts?
Depending on the case, remedies can vary, and may include a fine, imprisonment with the right to pay a fine to avoid the period of confinement, or imprisonment subject to not being prosecuted by the prosecutor's office.
4.7 Is there any right of appeal from the decisions of the courts of first instance? If so, on what general grounds? How many stages of appeal are there?
Yes, appeal is possible; usually the court of appeal accepts a maximum of between three and five appeals.
4.8 Is interest generally recoverable in respect of claims? If so, what is the current rate?
Yes, it is recoverable. The current rate is between 0.1% and 0.5%.
4.9 What are the standard rules regarding costs? Are there any potential costs advantages in making an offer to settle prior to trial?
Civil lawyers and solicitors charge their clients as per the regulated tariffs. Cases can be settled prior to trial in case there will be benefits for the parties due to the status of the claim. But usually the general trend is to refer cases to the court.
4.10 Can the courts compel the parties to mediate disputes? If so, do they exercise such powers?
This is not a usual practice. However, if the court decides to use a mediator either for one party or all parties involved, they have to invite them to the court, advise them on the purpose of the invitation and ask them to introduce their mediators. The court can use legal enforcement authorities to make a party/parties obey.
4.11 If a party refuses to a request to mediate, what consequences may follow?
A party will receive a court application with the deadline to mediate.
5.1 What approach do the courts take in relation to arbitration and how far is the principle of party autonomy adopted by the courts? Are the courts able to intervene in the conduct of an arbitration? If so, on what grounds and does this happen in many cases?
Along with the State judicial bodies, there are also alternative dispute resolution mechanisms available, such as arbitration courts (also referred to as "third-party courts"), the Arbitration Commission of the Republican Universal Agro-Industrial House, etc.
Arbitration courts hear disputes where the parties are individuals as well as where they are business entities. The courts cannot consider cases involving administrative, family, and labour/employment disputes.
The distinctive features of arbitration courts in Uzbekistan are as follows:
- the dispute may be considered by the arbitration court only if there is an arbitration agreement, which can be in the form of a dispute resolution clause in a contract or in the form of a separate agreement;
- an arbitrator must be a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who has a law degree;
- upon rendering its decision, such a decision is not subject to appeal; upon request of any of the parties, the decision can only be cancelled by a competent State court in case of violation of the procedural rules of the arbitration; and
- for enforcement purposes, the party shall apply to a competent State court for obtaining a writ of execution.
Such arbitration may be less time-consuming and less expensive than taking the case to the economic courts of Uzbekistan. However, arbitration courts are still in low demand, mostly because it is a relatively new mechanism for dispute resolution and people are uncertain about its efficiency.
5.2 Is it necessary for a form of words to be put into a contract of (re)insurance to ensure that an arbitration clause will be enforceable? If so, what form of words is required?
In case a reinsurer includes such clause in the contract, the local insurance company, i.e. the fronting company, adds such clause in the insurance agreement. Such an agreement must be in writing and specify the consent of the parties to refer the dispute to arbitration. The International Arbitration Law specifically states that such agreement may be in the form of an arbitration clause in a contract or in the form of a standalone agreement, and that such a standalone agreement may be formed by way of an exchange of correspondence by any means; although the Domestic Arbitration Law does not contain these details, the same principle should apply based on the general rules of contract formation.
However, concerning insurance, an arbitration clause should be inserted within the insurance agreement.
5.3 Notwithstanding the inclusion of an express arbitration clause, is there any possibility that the courts will refuse to enforce such a clause?
A recent review of the judicial practice regarding recognition and enforcement of decisions rendered by foreign (arbitration) courts shows that the Uzbek economic courts do not have a unified methodology for considering such cases.
Thus, for example, certain economic courts send foreign court decisions, without their recognition, directly to court executors for enforcement of the decisions. Such practice contradicts the international conventions, agreements, and treaties in which it is specifically provided that, before its enforcement, a foreign arbitral award must first be recognised.
Another example of irregularities in cases involving enforcement of foreign court decisions is that the economic courts often do not follow the pre-enforcement requirements. Thus, under Article 4 of the NY Convention, for a foreign arbitral award to be recognised and subsequently enforced, an applicant must submit the following document along with the application:
- the duly authenticated original award or a duly certified copy thereof; and
- the original agreement between the parties to the dispute which contains an arbitration clause.
If the said award or agreement is not made in Uzbek (an official language of Uzbekistan), the party applying for recognition and enforcement of the award must produce an Uzbek translation of the documents. Such a translation must also be notarised by a notary public.
5.4 What interim forms of relief can be obtained in support of arbitration from the courts? Please give examples.
The parties to arbitration proceedings may apply to the court for interim security measures. The petitioner must provide the court with a confirmation that the arbitration proceedings have been properly commenced in order for the court to review the request.
5.5 Is the arbitral tribunal legally bound to give detailed reasons for its award? If not, can the parties agree (in the arbitration clause or subsequently) that a reasoned award is required?
Yes. The tribunal must provide details. However, this can be foreseen within the documents before submitting the application for arbitration to the tribunal.
5.6 Is there any right of appeal to the courts from the decision of an arbitral tribunal? If so, in what circumstances does the right arise?
Courts cannot appeal the decision. However, the arbitral conclusion can be challenged by an arbitral head appointed by both parties.


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Crossair Flight 3597
Crossair Flight 3597Saturday November 24, 2001
The aircraft was flying through a mix of rain and snow on final approach, when it crashed in a wooded area, 5.5 miles from Zurich Airport where it was scheduled to land on Runway 28. At 22.03 the aircraft was descending to 4000 ft. on final approach. At 22.05 the captain reported reaching the minimum descent altitude and stated he could see the ground. Shortly after, the radio altimeter reported 500 ft. agl, followed by a "minimum" warning. A go-around was ordered, but it was too late and the aircraft struck trees and crashed. American pop singer, Melanie Thornton, 34, killed. Maria Serano Serano and Nathaly van het Ende both 27, and members of the pop-music trio, Passion Fruit, also killed. The pilot had been working more than 13 hours when the accident took place and had also exceeded maximum duty several times in the days preceding the crash. A controlled flight into terrain caused by the captain deliberately descending below the minimum descent altitude without having the required visual contact with either the approach lights or the runway and the copilot making no attempt to prevent the continuation of the flight below the minimum descent altitude. The report revealed that the pilot had failed to perform correct navigation and landing procedures before, but no action had been taken by the airline. The range of hills the plane crashed into was not marked in the Jeppesen approach chart used by the crew, despite the hilly terrain the approach to runway 28 was not equipped with a minimum safe altitude warning (MSAW) system, which triggers an alarm if a minimum safe altitude is violated, and the airport's means of determining visibility were inadequate for runway 28 and the visual minimums at the time of the accident were actually inappropriate for using the standard approach to runway 28.


text: KAWASAKI Z900 (2017-on) Review Published: 08 February 2017 Updated: 03 October 2019 MCN Review Owners' Reviews Photos Facts & Figures History & Versions For Sale (23) Successor to Z800 evokes famous '70s name but, although better all round is unlikely to have the same revolutionary impact – good bike though Successor to Z800 evokes famous '70s name but, although better all round is unlikely to have the same revolutionary impact – good bike though At a glance Read more about the KAWASAKI NINJA range. 948cc - 123 bhp 50 mpg - 140 miles range Medium seat height (790mm) New: £8,249 Used: £6,500 to £10,600 See all KAWASAKI Z900s for sale Overall Rating 4 out of 5 Welcome to the Kawasaki Z900 review - the successor to Z800 'intermediate naked' is now Euro4 compliant and probably 10% better all round – more powerful, lighter and better finished and equipped (although it conspicuously shuns electronic rider aids). For Kawa power four fans that'll probably be enough. For the rest of us, this class is now closer than ever to call. Kawasaki Z900 can be A2 compliant In September 2017 Kawasaki announced that they will be making the Z900 available to those who hold an A2 motorcycle licence. The bike was then eligible to receive a reversible update to the ECU that restricted the machine to 35kW – bringing it in line with the maximum required for A2 licence holders. Riders can get the restriction done at any authorised Kawasaki dealership and the process of having the ECU updated doesn't take long at all. "Soon after the Z900 was launched we began work on an A2 compliant version" said Morihiro Ikoma, Director of Kawasaki Motors Europe. "The design brief from potential customers and dealers was a unified voice; keep the look, soul and ethos of the Z900 and create an A2 compliant version to open the world of Refined Raw Z to yet more enthusiastic riders." Japan Legends turns Z900 into ZXR900 In July 2019 Spanish firm Japan Legends announced a kit to turn your Z900 into retro-inspired ZXR900. A nod to the 1989 ZXR750 H1, which celebrated its 30th birthday in 2019, the kit uses a twin headlight fairing, seat unit, belly pan and tank covers to give Kawasaki's naked 900 a truly retro makeover and arguably looks much cooler than even the factory 'Café' model. First shown at the Eicma motorcycle trade show, in Milan, last year, the company is now taking reservations on the kit, but there's no word yet on price yet. Those interested should email: firstname.lastname@example.com Ride Quality & Brakes 4 out of 5 New H2R-inspired tubular steel frame helps shed weight dramatically but compared to rivals like the Triumph Street Triple and Yamaha MT-09 the Kawa is still a solid, hefty machine. Steering is lighter and sharper and suspension, with preload/rebound adjustable forks, is reasonable making it nimble enough for most. But pushed hard this remains one of the larger and heavier of 'intermediate nakeds'. Engine 4 out of 5 Euro4 and quest for improvement means old 803cc four is replaced by sleeved-down unit from bigger Z1000. The result is 948cc with a hefty boost in power and torque. It's a doddle to use, smooth and grunty and, above 6000rpm, thanks to the acoustically tuned airbox, howls like any streetfighter should. Build Quality & Reliability 4 out of 5 Kawasakis have come on in leaps and bounds in recent years in this respect, most conspicuously with their pleasing use of different finishes and textures – the raised Kawasaki tank badge and crocodile skin effect seat finish are two examples here. As regards reliability, it's too early to call save that the engine, based on that of the Z1000, is in a fairly soft state of tune and lartely proven, so we've little to fear. Insurance, running costs & value 4 out of 5 The Z900 was £8249 – £350 up on the old Z800. We're not saying it's not worth that and you do get a lot of improved bike for your money, but this class is hotting up to one of the most competitive of all with most rivals, albeit ones with fewer cylinder and a less quality finish and details, significantly less. Equipment 3 out of 5 Although the trend for electronics rider aids has, here, been conspicuously shunned by Kawasaki (the Z900 only comes with the compulsory ABS, possible to help differentiateit from its Z1000 bigger brother and keep it cheaper, too), in most other respects it's well-equipped with decent clocks, adjustable suspension, span adjustable levers and neat detailing. By Phil West MCN Contributor and bike tester. Facts & Figures Model info Year introduced 2017 Year discontinued - New price £8,249 Used price £6,500 to £10,600 Warranty term 2 years unlimited Running costs Insurance group - Annual road tax £91 Annual service cost £220 Performance Max power 123 bhp Max torque 72.7 ft-lb Top speed 145 mph 1/4-mile acceleration - Average fuel consumption 50 mpg Tank range 140 miles Specification Engine size 948cc Engine type Four-stroke, liquid-cooled transverse four. Frame type Tubular steel. Fuel capacity 17 litres Seat height 790mm Bike weight 210kg Front suspension Inverted 41mm forks, preload and rebound damping adjustable. Rear suspension Single shock, adjustable spring preload. Front brake 2x300mm petal discs four-piston calipers, ABS . Rear brake 250mm petal disc, single-piston caliper. ABS . Front tyre size 120/70x17. Rear tyre size 180/55x17. History & Versions Model history None Other versions Other Kawasaki Z model reviews Kawasaki Z1000 review (2014-on) Kawasaki Z1000 review (2010-2013) Kawasaki Z1000 review (2007-2009) Kawasaki Z1000 review (2004-2006) Kawasaki Z1000SX review (2017-on) Kawasaki Z1000SX review (2014-on) Kawasaki Z1000SX review (2010-2013) Kawasaki Z125 review (2019-on) Kawasaki Z250SL review (2015-on) Kawasaki Z300 review (2015-on) Kawasaki Z400 review (2019-on) Kawasaki Z650 review (2017-on) Kawasaki Z750 review (2007-2012) Kawasaki Z750 review (2003-2006) Kawasaki Z750R review (2011-2012) Kawasaki Z800 review (2013-on) Kawasaki Z900RS review (2017-on) Kawasaki Z900RS Café review (2018-on) Owners' Reviews 7 owners have reviewed their KAWASAKI Z900 (2017-on) and rated it in a number of areas. Read what they have to say and what they like and dislike about the bike below. Review your KAWASAKI Z900 (2017-on) Summary of Owners' Reviews Overall Rating 4.7 out of 5 Ride Quality & Brakes 4.6 out of 5 Engine 4.9 out of 5 Build Quality & Reliability 4.7 out of 5 Value & Running Costs 4.1 out of 5 Equipment 4.1 out of 5 5 out of 5 ZR900 the only bike you'll ever need... 04 June 2019 by Benny J Version : ZR Year : 2017 Annual servicing cost : £200 Can't fault this bike at all! Solid build, awesome engine, jaw dropping power with super smooth delivery, comfortable, great riding position, sounds beaut, looks like a Decepticon on steroids (gets some looks) excellent brakes and pretty good mpg (unless you thrash it) sticks to the road like it's on rails and eats the corners like nothing I've ever ridden. Love it. Ride Quality & Brakes 5 out of 5 Excellent ride! This bike is comfortable all round, city, street and motorway. Seat is a bit hard but don't really notice it due to the ergonomic riding position. No stress on wrists, arms, back or legs at all. The most comfortable bike I've ever ridden! Do feel a few more bumps at higher speeds (as do all bikes) but suspension is plush. Brakes (Nissan) are awesome. Smooth and confidence building. Can easily come to a stop from 80mph within 100yds. Engine 5 out of 5 Awesome engine... nuff said. Torque all throughout the rev range. Can be riding at 40mph in 6th gear, hit that throttle, and it just glides beautifully. 2nd gear, hit the throttle to red line and your in light speed. Brutal power, but totally manageable (perfect amount of scary) :) and yes... it's very fast. Build Quality & Reliability 4 out of 5 Solid bike with good build quality, my 2017 ZR900 has only done 1,500 miles so still early days but hasn't missed a beat yet. Everything is solid where it should be and hardly any play or flexing on the plastics and faring. Value & Running Costs 4 out of 5 Rough guess from what I've reaserched. Not had it serviced yet since purchase due to time owned. Equipment 4 out of 5 Not much equipment to comment on! Digital speedo needle with printed rev range I like, gear indicator (digital) is always welcome, ABS and that's about it. No traction control, but with a bike this smooth. Don't need it at all. And the pass switch (to flash your lights) doesn't click and flash your high beams quick enough. Have to hold the pass switch up to a second for your high beam to flash properly. Buying experience Bought my 2017 ZR900 for £6,600. 2 previous owners with only 1,450 miles on the clock. Paid mostly cash so haggled the price from 6,900 to 6,600. But for a pretty much new, hardly used 2nd hand 2yr old bike in great condition. I'm not complaining! 4 out of 5 28 February 2019 by Brans Year : 2018 Super smooth engine and nice gearbox. Only done 100miles sofar But the Chinese made Dunlop tyres are appalling and spin up too easily even in the dry and sub 5000rpm.I didn't want too risk it so got rid. Ride Quality & Brakes 4 out of 5 Can't fault so far but not been on a long run yet but all seems good. Engine 4 out of 5 Super smooth with predictable power delivery. Build Quality & Reliability 4 out of 5 Low quality tyre's! Value & Running Costs 3 out of 5 Should be good as getting over 50mpg on a run keeping too around 70/80. Equipment 3 out of 5 As previously said the tyre's fitted need changing in my opinion (too hard) Fitted Michelin Pilot Powers . Buying experience Got good deal from Colchester Kawasaki on pre reg 2018 model. 5 out of 5 The best overall bike in its class 15 June 2018 by Damian Version : Z900 ABS Black Year : 2018 Brilliant overall bike. Really good value for money. Z900 will give you all of the smiles you want and will wheely easily. As with all bikes in that class you will need to learn some self-restraint with the throttle hand. I have ridden the main competitors before buying the Z900 and chose it because it was the best overall. MT09 pulls a little better from low revs but one revs rise the Z900 would be a little faster but to be honest the overall experience counts and as much as I loved the MT09's engine everything else about it wasn't as good as Z900. The GSXS750 I tested was surprisingly smooth and didn't feel like it would be left behind the MT09 or Z900 but was let down by its seat which, for me, is really uncomfortable and I don't think one can fix that with aftermarket options. Ride Quality & Brakes 5 out of 5 For me the Z900 has the best suspension in the class but that is because I like it on the softer side for comfort. It's soft at first and firms up quickly on braking. It's still preload adjustable so if you want to ride faster you can set it up harder easily. The standard seat is firm and I felt my bottom after about an hour in it so might opt for a softer option. Also because you're seated more in the bike than on top of it there is a little less wind than on other naked bikes such as the MT09. MT09 and GSXS750 have noticeably harder suspension as stock. Engine 5 out of 5 This is the best bit about the bike. It's very smooth, economical and at the same time more powerful than all of it's rivals. It does produce some vibrations through foot pegs at 4-5k rpm but to be honest most bikes I rode did have some vibrations at some revs. Build Quality & Reliability 5 out of 5 The reliability is spot on so far but I have only done a couple of hundred miles on it so far, so no problems expected anyway. The reliability is why I would not even consider the Street Triple, Japanese bikes are better in this area and having an older bike in my garage which sometimes needs some work I wanted a bike that will simply work and not spend much time being fixed. Value & Running Costs 5 out of 5 I am just due for the first service so not sure what will the cost be. In the initial run in period I have averaged 53mpg on the first two tanks and the third tank 55mpg. This is at cruising speeds on A and B roads mostly with occasional blast here and there. 50mpg is easily achievable which means I usually fill up after 160 - 180 miles which is amazing and will be handy when going for longer trips. Equipment 4 out of 5 Still a fairly new bike but there are plenty of accessories to choose from, a wide choice of exhausts, comfier seat, panniers, screens & other bits. As standard bike there is nothing on it as you would expect, so can't say it's got any equipment. One bit I can say is very useful is the under-seat storage, which isn't huge but fits either my disc lock or a mobile phone nicely. The passenger seat is narrow, firm and without any place for a passenger to grab hold off so you are not likely to ride on this bike with your Mrs unless she's been watching 50 Shades of Grey and is up for a rough ride... I would not recommend it for anyone to actually uses the passenger seat. Buying experience Overall brilliant experience from Kawasaki dealer and got a great deal on it. I approached different dealers for different bikes and Honda would offer 0% deals but weren't prepared to drop the RRP much and would not accept any credit card payments, Suzuki Dealer would haggle but finance options are pricey but would accept credit cards. I negotiated a good deal with the Kawasaki dealer and was still given the 0% interest which closed the deal for me. 5 out of 5 Kawasaki Z900 review 14 June 2018 by a2amali Year : 2018 Annual servicing cost : £220 The Z900 is a great bike overall. I was looking for a bike that will be easy to ride but have tons of power to spare and this bike is it. Ride Quality & Brakes 5 out of 5 - Engine 5 out of 5 This engine is just amazing! It has tons of torque and power is available in every gear. The great thing is that its power delivery is very linear and smooth. Nothing like MT09 where you will be surprised/shocked with sudden surge of power. Build Quality & Reliability 5 out of 5 This bike is made to be ridden in all situations. I can commute and it runs very comfortably, then come the weekend I can go on those A road and open the throttle and it roars like a lion. No problems so far, it just works. Value & Running Costs 5 out of 5 The bike is giving me around 145miles before the range goes down to "---" Its bit annoying because the range counts down to 35miles and then goes blank! Equipment 5 out of 5 It does not have traction control but this bike is designed so well that you don't ever feel the need for it. It does not have ride modes but I tried MT09 and S1000R and I would never use B modes or A mode because it gets too twitchy so why not have a real bike with real mode! Buying experience I bought my bike from DAYTONA Motorcycles in Ruislip. Great people and great service. 5 out of 5 22 May 2018 by azam ali Year : 2018 Annual servicing cost : £180 Best of both worlds. Street fighter and tourer. Ride Quality & Brakes 5 out of 5 Power to weight ratio is spot on. Engine 5 out of 5 - Build Quality & Reliability 5 out of 5 - Value & Running Costs 5 out of 5 - Equipment 5 out of 5 It really does not need traction control because the bike is designed really well. I tried MT09 and it just wanted the front wheel to go up. Z900 can go faster and I don't have to worry about losing control. Buying experience Daytona Motorcycles are very friendly people and helpful guys. Excellent so far. 4 out of 5 Z900 worth the money 18 June 2017 by Pablo Year : 2017 Annual servicing cost : £400 Rear tail tidy had to be replaced ,the factory fitted version is ugly. I also swapped the front cover for a larger meter cover,my opinion,.. it looks cooler and those pesky suicide insects stay off your visor . These two items have cost an additional £200, when you spend 8k on a new bike, I guess it is irrelevant. Also added a radiator guard ,I just felt that it needed a bit of protection as it will take the brunt of any projectiles flung at it when you are behind those haulage lorries carrying rubble! Ride Quality & Brakes 4 out of 5 I owned a Kawasaki ER6N before purchasing the Z900, four hours riding the ER6N would leave me feeling tired ,.. I could ride the Z900 all day!! Engine 5 out of 5 The engine is very responsive, treat it with respect or slip that clutch at 70 mph and you will find heaven very quickly!! Build Quality & Reliability 5 out of 5 It's a new bike , I'm running it in to the recommended rpm ratio to gearing , not over heating the engine . Value & Running Costs 3 out of 5 This is an area that I need to address , I am fortunate to have a cheaper option. Equipment 4 out of 5 I have mentioned the accessories that I have added to the bike,..like the digital gear indicator,..takes away the embarrassment in town centres ,..no more trying to pull away in fifth gear. Buying experience Bought from a dealer , paid the RRP, but got an additional two years warranty on top of the two years standard warranty. 5 out of 5 I love this bike! Z900 for the win! 16 April 2017 by Cervantex Version : ABS Year : 2017 Annual servicing cost : £80 Super Fun and easy to ride. Will turn heads wherever you go. Ride Quality & Brakes 4 out of 5 Front brake amazing. Rear brake I feel I have to make extra effort for it to really bite. Engine 5 out of 5 Very smooth and "torquish". Very short gears so you will find your self kicking the gear pedal 6 times to get to 60mph. Remember I am behaving and not going over 4K rpm. I am a novice and I feel I can handle the throttle and power delivery like I am a pro. The sound is amazing, but it does not scream due to all the regulations this motorcycle has to comply with. I will most definitely add a good Exhaust once the time come. Build Quality & Reliability 5 out of 5 Nothing to point. Everything is as good as the first day. I am doing things right and not going over 5K rpm for the first 1000 miles. Cant wait to discover where the real power is, above 6K rpm. Truth to be said, I have gone to the red line a couple of times red light to red light. Again, very funny. Value & Running Costs 4 out of 5 I have not done any service yet since it is new. 2 weeks only. Leaving 4 stars and the price they gave me in the dealer Equipment 4 out of 5 I like pretty much everything, but for long rides, I would go with the optional soft sit. I am pretty skinny and my bottom complains after the first hour. My favorite thing is the engine and the looks. Buying experience Dealer. I paid 10K for the ABS out of the door (taxes, insurance, etc). 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MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 2 owners' ratings:4.5 out of 5 KAWASAKI Z1000 (2004-2006) It feels as fast as it looks MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 10 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI Z900RS CAFE (2018-on) Kawasaki have hit the retro nail squarely on the head MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 2 owners' ratings:5 out of 5 HONDA CB650F (2017-on) Small tweaks for 2017 help breath some Hornet spirit back into the CB650F MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 KAWASAKI VN900 CUSTOM (2007-on) "Laid back, chopper style is down largely to its distinctive, cast alloy big 21-inch front wheel" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 15 owners' ratings:4.8 out of 5 KAWASAKI VERSYS 650 (2006-2009) "Incredibly easy to ride, fun at low speeds and in some ways looks funky" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 31 owners' ratings:4.6 out of 5 KAWASAKI KH125 (1975-1998) "Still a fun way to get to work" MCN Rating: 3 out of 5 4 owners' ratings:3.3 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZRX1200 (2001-2007) "Big, beefy, retro with, in R guise, great Eddie Lawson replica looks" MCN Rating: 3 out of 5 7 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZX-10R (2006-2007) "Slightly more user friendly than the psycho C-model of 2004/05" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 14 owners' ratings:4.6 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZX-6R (2007-2008) "Everything about the ZX-6R is track focused" MCN Rating: 5 out of 5 22 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZZR1400 (2006-2012) "Not only the fastest, most powerful motorcycle you can buy, but happens to be an extremely capable all-round machine too" MCN Rating: 5 out of 5 46 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZX-12R (2000-2006) "The best aspects of the Honda Blackbird or Hayabusa, but mixes in a dose of good old fashioned lairy fun" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 41 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI GPZ500 (1987-2004) "Long in the tooth but a prime candidate for a first big bike" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 38 owners' ratings:4.2 out of 5 KAWASAKI KMX125 (1986-2002) "Tough, cheap to run and cheap to fix and very capable" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 2 owners' ratings:4 out of 5 KAWASAKI KLE500 (1991-2007) "Kawasaki's idea of a parallel twin commuter-cum-trailie" MCN Rating: 2 out of 5 13 owners' ratings:3.8 out of 5 KAWASAKI Z750 (2007-2012) "Hits the right spot for lovers of style and a zinging engine" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 22 owners' ratings:4.7 out of 5 KAWASAKI ZX-9R (1994-2002) "Began life as a sports machine, didn't quite cut it and ended up as an excellent sporty sports-tourer" MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 94 owners' ratings:4.6 out of 5 KAWASAKI Z1000 (2007-2009) Nothing else produced by a Japanese firm had so many styling details MCN Rating: 4 out of 5 11 owners' ratings:4.4 out of 5 All related reviews KAWASAKI Z900 (2017/17) £6,750 Merseyside KAWASAKI Z900 (2019) £7,999 Mid Glamorgan KAWASAKI Z900 £7,899 Lancashire KAWASAKI Z900 (2017/17) £6,995 West Yorkshire KAWASAKI Z900 (2019) £8,549 Middlesex KAWASAKI Z900 (2018) £9,299 Lincolnshire KAWASAKI Z900 (2019) £8,549 Lincolnshire KAWASAKI Z900 £7,899 Merseyside KAWASAKI Z900 £7,899 Merseyside KAWASAKI Z900 £6,499 Merseyside All KAWASAKI Z900 for sale


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Broker Forex
On 29 July, on the sales floor in FXTM Tower, Limassol, the Townhall Unplugged edition was held for the first time. Everyone in the Cyprus office were able to experience Townhall live. For all the other offices around the globe, the Townhall recording will be available in a couple days.
On July 10, at the Yacht Club restaurant in Limassol, I celebrated my 44th birthday with family, friends and colleagues. It was a friendly evening with a delicious dinner.
After the success of the Long Swim made by endurance swimmer, UN Patron of the Oceans and our brand ambassador, Lewis Pugh, FXTM took on an exciting new series of educational events in South Africa – 'Touchdown in Cape Town: The Big Wave'.
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Kinesin- and Dynein-Powered Movements
Within cells, proteins, organelles, and other membrane-limited vesicles, organelles, and proteins are frequently transported distances of many micrometers along well-defined routes in the cytosol and delivered to particular addresses. Diffusion alone cannot account for the rate, directionality, and destinations of such transport processes. Findings from early experiments with fish-scale pigment cells and nerve cells first demonstrated that microtubules function as tracks in the intracellular transport of various types of "cargo. " Eventually, two families of motor proteins—kinesins and dyneins— were found to mediate transport along microtubules.
A second type of movement that depends on microtubule motor proteins is the beating of cilia and flagella. Huge numbers of cilia (more than 107/mm2) cover the surfaces of mammalian respiratory passages where their beating dislodges and expels particulate matter that collects in the mucus secretions of these tissues. In the oviduct, cilia help transport eggs down the fallopian tube. In contrast, sperm cells and many unicel-
► EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-17 The rate of axonal transport in vivo can be determined by radiolabeling and gel electrophoresis. The cell bodies of neurons in the sciatic nerve are located in dorsal-root ganglia. Radioactive amino acids injected into these ganglia in experimental animals are incorporated into newly synthesized proteins, which are then transported down the axon to the synapse. Animals are sacrificed at various times after injection and the dissected sciatic nerve is cut into small segments for analysis with the use of gel electrophoresis. The red, blue, and purple dots represent groups of proteins that are transported down the axon at different rates, red most rapidly, purple least rapidly.
lular organisms have a single flagellum, which propels the cells forward at velocities approaching 1 mm/s.
In this section, we first consider the transport of materials in axons. Studies of such axonal transport, a process first discovered more than 50 years ago, have contributed greatly to our understanding of microtubule-associated intracellular transport. We then consider the structure and function of the microtubule motor proteins. A description of the unique mi-crotubule-based structures and motor proteins responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella concludes this section.
Axonal Transport Along Microtubules Is in Both Directions
A neuron must constantly supply new materials—proteins and membranes—to an axon terminal to replenish those lost in the exocytosis of neurotransmitters at the junction (synapse) with another cell. Because proteins and membranes are synthesized only in the cell body, these materials must be transported down the axon, which can be as much as a meter in length, to the synaptic region. This movement of materials is accomplished on microtubules, which are all oriented with their (+) ends toward the terminal (see Figure 20-14c).
The results of classic pulse-chase experiments in which radioactive precursors are microinjected into the dorsal-root ganglia near the spinal cord and then tracked along their nerve axons showed that axonal transport is in both directions. Anterograde transport proceeds from the cell body to
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Learning About 10 Ways Fight Off Cancer Can Have Amazing Benefits For Your Life The Best Tips On How To Keep This Killer At Bay Discovering that you or a loved one has cancer can be utterly terrifying. All the same, once you comprehend the causes of cancer and learn how to reverse those causes, you or your loved one may have more than a fighting chance of beating out cancer.


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selected publications
academic article
- Reprogramming committed murine blood cells to induced hematopoietic stem cells with defined factors. Cell. 157:549-564. 2014
- Transcriptome analysis identifies regulators of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem cell reports. 1:266-280. 2013
- Transcriptional insights into the CD8+ T cell response to infection and memory T cell formation. Nature immunology. 14:404. 2013
- Intrathymic programming of effector fates in three molecularly distinct γδ T cell subtypes. Nature immunology. 13:511. 2012
- Transcriptional profiling of stroma from inflamed and resting lymph nodes defines immunological hallmarks. Nature immunology. 13:499. 2012
- Gene-expression profiles and transcriptional regulatory pathways that underlie the identity and diversity of mouse tissue macrophages. Nature immunology. 13:1118-1128. 2012


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MEMPHIS, Tenn. — A mother's heart is still hurting months after her son, a soon-to-be father, was gunned down.
Shirley Baker spends her nights tossing and turning and barely able to get any sleep. Two months ago her son Michael Norfleet was murdered.
Memphis Police say Norfleet had just left the 2-Star Grocery Store in Frayser when two men approached him. Officers say he was then robbed and shot.
"I can't call him. I can't see him. I can't hear his voice," Baker said. "I love you son. I wished that I could just hold you and tell you I love you."
Paramedics rushed to the scene, but it was too late. Norfleet was already dead.
Detectives say witnesses heard the gunfire and saw the two men running away carrying a backpack. But no one is talking, making it difficult for homicide investigators to put Norfleet's killers behind bars.
"We all live here. How much are we going to stomach? How many homicides is it going to take to say enough is enough?" Lt. Tony Mullins, with the Memphis Police Department, said.
Baker says her son was on his way to pick up his girlfriend to enjoy a night out on the town when he was shot. "They have torn me. I am so torn. My soul and my heart is just hurting me. It's just like I'm just dead," she said.
Baker says her son's girlfriend is five months pregnant with the couple's child.
Until Norfleet's killers are behind bars, his family will never stop praying for justice.
"People need to be aware of their surroundings a lot more. If you see something, no matter how small you it is, please let us know. It's our job to put the pieces together. If you give us what you have, we will put it with the other pieces and figure it out," Lt. Tony Mullins said.
If you know who killed 40-year-old Michael Norfleet, call Memphis Police at (901)-528-CASH. All calls are confidential.


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What should you already understand about debt consolidation? Where might I find information that is easy to understand? How can I be positive the info is correct and is used by experts?
Consider your best long term options when picking out the debt consolidation business that'll be helping you. You must get your current situation under control; however, but take the time to do research, as well. Some provide services and classes to help you avoid financial problems in the future.
Don't try to work with debt consolidators due to them claiming they're "non-profit." Non-profit does not always mean they are a good company. Check with the BBB to learn if the best companies.
Do you have life insurance policy? You can cash it in the policy so that you could pay off your debts. Talk to the insurance agent to see what they can offer you. You may be able to borrow a part of what you invested in your policy to pay for your debt.
Borrowing money can really help you pay off your debt off. Speak with a reputable loan providers to help get the wheels in motion and determine the interest rate you can get. Just make sure to pay the loan back when it is due.
Bankruptcy may be a better choice for some who might otherwise consider debt consolidation. If you cannot make your payments on time and are running out of options, your credit is probably not that great.You can reduce your debts and work towards financial comfort when you file for bankruptcy.
Don't borrow from pros that you don't know anything about them. Loan sharks are aware that you're in financial trouble. If you must borrow money, work with someone who has a strong reputation, along with getting a good interest rate.
One thing you can do to get a loan from a friend or family member. This may be risky and possibly ruin the relationship if you can't pay them back.
Make sure your documents you get from a debt consolidation company are correctly filled out correctly. It is important that you are paying attention at this time. Mistakes on your application can lead to denials of loans, so take your time and ask questions when necessary.
Do you wonder if debt management might be an answer for you? Paying your debts off bills that accrue interest can save you money because they will be better for your credit score. Simply pick a company who can help you decrease interest rates.
The goal of debt consolidation is to have only one affordable payment you can afford.A variety of time frames are usually available, though shorter or longer periods may work as well. This provides you set the right goals and a time frame that lets you pay it off.
Write down the details on all the debt you need to give money to and be sure to list every detail of that debt.This includes the amount your owe, how much is owed, the amount of interest you're paying, and the amount of your payments. This is very important when you are comparing your current debt to any loans you are offered.
Refinancing your home mortgage may allow you to consolidate your debts. The money saved every month as your mortgage payment is reduced can pay for other outstanding debts. This can save you a debt consolidation.
Read your consolidation contract. You'll want to know about all of what you'll find in the fine print that can come up when you're not expecting it. The goal of debt consolidation is to lessen your financial burden, not grow them.
You need to be patient if you're trying to get out of debt.
Remember that payments through debt consolidation services don't boost your credit score, but paying creditors directly actually will.It will get you out of debt more quickly, but a footnote will be added to your credit report to indicate that you used a debt consolidation service.
Calculate the total savings with a type of debt consolidation program may really help you realize. You need to add up all balances and see how the interest charges. Compare this with how much your debt consolidation program will cost to make sure it is a wise decision.
It's simple to go off your budget by just go out with people you know. Let other know that you are looking to spend less money on extracurricular activities and suggest inexpensive alternatives to going out together.
There are many unscrupulous lenders that are really like loan sharks. Look for online reviews that offer insights into the companies and especially see what you can learn. Avoid those businesses that have too many complaints.
The BBB.org website can give you find a run down on the company's reputation and history.
If you owe a lot of money, think about paying a visit to a debt counselor rather than a debt consolidation service. Debt counselors help by figuring out the root causes of your debt and how to prevent it from happening again. It is counterproductive to pay off your debt if poor spending practices mean that trouble once again.
Expert advice will be able to help you out of your problems. That means reading articles that are knowledgeable on the subject. Now that you understand debt consolidation and how it can benefit you, decide if that is the course you wish to take to help you get out of debt.


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Combining Biological Databases and Text Mining to Support New Bioinformatics Applications
A large amount of biological knowledge today is only available from full-text research papers. Since neither manual database curators nor users can keep up with the rapidly expanding volume of scientific literature, natural language processing approaches are becoming increasingly important for bioinformatic projects.
In this paper, we go beyond simply extracting information from full-text articles by describing an architecture that supports targeted access to information from biological databases using the results derived from text mining of research papers, thereby integrating information from both sources within a biological application.
The described architecture is currently being used to extract information about protein mutations from full-text research papers. Text mining results drive the retrieval of sequence information from protein databases and the employment of algorithmic sequence analysis tools, which facilitate further data access from protein structure databases. Complex mapping of NLP derived text annotations to protein structures allows the rendering, with 3D structure visualization, of information not available in databases of mutation annotations.
KeywordsProtein Data Bank Noun Phrase Text Mining Biological Database Protein Engineer
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