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Sacramento, California - The California Department of Food and Agriculture's (CDFA) Shipping Point Inspection Advisory Committee is seeking to fill vacancies. This committee makes recommendations to the Secretary on all matters pertaining to the CDFA's Shipping Point Inspection program. The term of office for committee members is three years. Members receive no compensation, but are entitled to payment of necessary traveling expenses in accordance with the rules of the California Department of Human Resources.
Current vacancies include: six members, one public member, and nine alternate members. The committee, with the exception of the public member, is composed of shippers of fruit and vegetables using the inspection certification services of the CDFA. The public member must be a resident of the State of California and not a producer, shipper, or processor nor be financially interested in any producer, shipper or processor. Alternate members are appointed for each member and serve only in the absence of the designated member.
The Shipping Point Inspection program provides third party grading and certification services to the fruit, nut and vegetable industries throughout the state – ensuring that California's specialty crops meet identified quality standards. The program supports agricultural producers, packers, shippers and processors by providing a nationally and internationally recognized grading and certification service.
For further information on the Shipping Point Inspection Program and committee vacancies, contact Kevin Batchelor at (559) 595-8000.

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Fans have been begging for new material, and Saxophonic delivers big time as a "concept" CD that is broken into three "acts"funky, mid-tempo and experimental. That's only partly true, as there is a ballad in the funk section and some pretty standard Dave Koz stuff in the experimental section. No matter. Pay no attention to the "Acts." Overall, it's Koz's best yetmelodic, radio-friendly, trippy, a little different. Koz may surprise some of his longtime fans, but it will be a good surprisethat's what make it his crowning work so far. Just when you assume a musician is going to crank out another by-the-numbers CD...
Koz's tenor has never sounded so robustnot a whole lot of Kenny G swirls going on here. The first single, "Honey-dipped," and "All I See Is You" are slices of breathy sax and funk a la Euge Groove. Koz loves wordless vocals and repeated choruses, which he has on two standouts: "Love Changes Everything," with Brian McKnight, and "Undeniable," with Bobby Caldwell barely registering a presence, which is kinda weirda good weird, for it's a Koz song, not a Caldwell vocal. Koz does dip into the soprano, with great effect, in the lush 'Just to Be Next to You,' the toe-tappin' and irresistible 'Let It Free' and 'A View From Above,' with guitarist Marc Antoine.
The 'experimental' songs are groovy. 'Saxophonic (Come on Up)' has wonderfully weird loops, deep funk and some jazzy horn work. It's like ten songs in one. 'Sound of the Underground' features a Parisian metro shuffle a la Philippe Saisse (actually, it's a sample from a bebop classic), and Chris Botti adds trumpet. 'Only Tomorrow Knows' has computer-synthed vocals a la Cher, and ya gotta love the whistling.
Visit Dave Koz and RadioKoz.com , his Internet radio site, on the web.
Track Listing: Honey-dipped; Love Changes Everything; All I See Is You; Just To Be Next to You; Let it Free; Undeniable; Saxophonic (Come On Up); Definition of Beautiful; Sound of the Underground; Only Tomorrow Knows; I Believe; A View From Above; One Last Thing.
Personnel: Dave Koz: saxophone; Jeff Lorber: guitars, keyboards; Alex Al: bass; Lenny Castro; percussion; Chris Botti: trumpet; Bobby Caldwell: vocals; Brian McKnight: vocals; Nathan East: bass; Marc Antoine: guitar; Gary Novak: drums; Norman Brown: guitar; Jerry Hay: trumpet, flugelhorn.
Title: Saxophonic | Year Released: 2004 | Record Label: Capitol/EMI
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The beauty of HIIT
HIIT is the acronym for high intensity interval training; a cardiovascular exercise strategy alternating short periods of intense anaerobic exercise with less intense recovery periods, until too exhausted to continue. The beauty of this type of exercise is its flexibility: it can be adapted to nearly any mode of exercise. Its physical and mental benefits are enormous.
The benefits of HIIT include:
Improved VO2 max
Improved endocrine function, including insulin resistance and IGF-1 production
Improved calorie expenditure during and after the HIIT bout and fat loss (1)
These benefits are important to maintain health as we age. By far the most important benefit is to the endocrine system. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is the precursor to human growth hormone (HGH), and usually declines as we age. Its presence in the blood stream helps the production of collagen and repair of tissues, acting like an anabolic steroid. This hormone increases up to 700% during HIIT; (2) much more than that produced during endurance exercise bouts such as long-distance running.
In personal training, we design fitness programs considering FITT variables: frequency, intensity, time (duration), and type of exercise (mode). (3)
For HIIT frequency, American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends two bouts of vigorous exercise per week. (4) You can also do longer, less intense bouts 2 or 3 times per week. Add some strength-building, such as resistance training two times a week and stretching after all bouts, and you will attain optimal health.
HIIT is performed as intensely as possible, and can be judge subjectively using the Modified Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE). To use this scale, a person is asked to rate the overall feeling of difficulty at any given moment during an exercise bout. Sitting is 1, while brisk walking is a 4 and sprinting a 9 or 10. In HIIT, intensity needs to be at least an 8 on the Modified RPE scale. This may not be attainable for beginners.
HIIT time, or duration, is flexible, too. Though there is no universal HIIT session formula, these intense workouts typically last from 4 to 30 minutes, with times varying based on a participant's current fitness level. This is the answer for time-crunched professionals: lack of time is no longer an excuse! Tabata Protocol is one popular HIIT formula: 20 seconds of intense movement with 10 seconds of active rest. Repeat 7 more times. Repeat the set two or three more times and you're done. (5) The movement to rest ratios can be manipulated depending on the participant's goals. Longer durations of intense effort can reduce lactate threshold while shorter ones can improve VO2max, a measure of your cardiovascular system's ability to use oxygen. However, the differences may be insignificant for the non-professional and become a matter of personal preference.
HIIT mode is whatever you enjoy! Yoga, martial arts, ballet, speed walking/running, calisthenics, resistance training, cycling, jump rope, and swimming, can all be adapted to intervals, but not all to high intensity, (although I have seen Tabata Yoga videos on YouTube! (6)) Most group classes, such as dance and martial arts, already alternate between periods of moderately intense movement and active rest. Students watch the sequence or drill as the teacher demonstrates, then performs or practices that sequence or drill. In yoga, I ask my students to perform the vinyasa (series of connecting postures) between the asana, with effort, i.e., to give it their all. Intense effort is the key. Even if you don't attain an 8 on the RPE, the benefits occur.
HIIT is just one of the techniques I offer my intermediate-level private yoga clients. All, though, should incorporate HIIT if they are interested in maintaining youthful vigor from increased IGF-1 as they age. Let me know if I can help you. Contact me.
The Best Type of Exercise to Burn Fat. https://nyti.ms/2Sx9GS5
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2017, 6(4): 55-59
ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Eighth Edition, 2010. Lippincott Williams & Wiilkins. American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore MD. Page 165.
"HIIT FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions about High-Intensity Interval Training)". DOHIIT. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
Tabata Yoga Workout, YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0_D1hpgiQc


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Once booking is done, an appointment has to be confirmed. Our service customer care executive will contact you within few hours to ask for a date of appointment. Alternatively, you can also contact Our customer care whose details are given on the confirmation Email / SMS. Appointment date / time is as per the preference of customer. However, it may be subjected to availability of technicians vehicles on that particular date/time.
Once the samples are collected, including transit time, the laboratory will give the test reports based on proposed date of completion(PDC), PDC depends on test and the minimumn time required as per the standard.
Once the results are ready, you can check your result online / by registered mail, we will ensure it is hand delivered couriered to your address, if required.
Yes, you can book the tests online (24x7). You can choose to pay at the time of sample collection or pay online using debit card.
If you had given your email id, you will receive the soft copy of the reports automatically. In case it is not received, or email id was not updated, then please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com to get the reports. If your tests are not released for any reason, the soft copy may not be generated.
If you have not received the hard copy of the reports within 5 days of PDC, please report the case to firstname.lastname@example.com, we will ensure report delivery is expedited.
One or more of the tests asked may be cancelled by the laboratory due to technical reasons. You will receive information about the same on email and SMS. In such case, we shall be advised to collect the fresh sample and process the unreported test(s) free of cost , if charge already. You are requested to coordinate for re-collection of sample.
Alternatively, the customer can ask for refund which shall be granted in full, if all tests are cancelled or partial refund if some of the tests are cancelled. The amount is calculated as per the catalogue rate of the unreported test(s), For online payments, refunds are issued by cheque and for offline payments by cash. Please click here for our cancellation policy.
If you have made payment online (prepaid booking), then as soon as your transaction is over, there will be a mail link to print the receipt. If it is postpaid booking, we will be issuing the receipt.
Yes, you can download the soft copy of the reports online. You can login to your registered mail id using your username and password, go to the mail - email@example.com click here to download invoice and click the test report link :CPLxxxxxx-x-xxx to download your report for which the PDF reports are needed. The successfully processed orders will have the PDF generated for download.
You can register your compliant on firstname.lastname@example.com We will respond to you in a few hours time and make our best attempts to resolve the complaint.
If you have not received a call within 24 hours for appointment confirmation from customer support or service provider, kindly give us a call on 9021232299 or send SMS APPT order id to 9373056702.
The technicians deputed for sample collection are adequately qualified and also would have experience in this field.
Depending on the geography, it would take a maximum of 48 hours from the time of sample collection to reach the laboratory.
Barcode identifies each of the samples that reaches the laboratory. Unique barcodes help the automated analyzers to identify the sample, understand the tests to be performed and to report back the results against the barcode after processing. In Constrologix, a sample is thus identified with its barcode making it unique to easily identify . This starts from the collection stage, i.e. sample identity is sealed as soon as it is collected. Thus, it eliminates any chances of human errors in later stages.
Barcoding helps to seal the identity of the sample collected from you. The barcodes are registered in the system against the order booked at ConstrologiX. The samples are transported in the laboratory. Every process in the laboratory is evaluated and approved by accrediting bodies. The laboratory is automated in all stages for most of the tests, human intervention. The reports are directly printed. There is no possibility of mix up of samples or reports. However, for your satisfaction, you are advised to note down the barcode number(s) as soon as sample(s) are collected and cross check the same with the report(s).
No. The payments have to be done before the sample is collected. Constrologix may refuse to process the sample if payments are not made.
For returning customers, on addition discount is applicable on all tests and profiles on the prevailing catalogue rate.
Yes, depending on the total order value discount will be provided to the cart. However, no two discounts can be combined and thus it cannot be clubbed with an existing offer excepting the bulk discount offer.
The test reports should be interpreted by a qualified Engineer. Nevertheless you can still look at the report forms in which the normal ranges are mentioned for all the tests. If any test is abnormal, you must immediately consult with your consultant. Do not start work on your own.
All specimens reach ConstrologiX within 24 hours' time frame from different areas as per the standard guidelines. All specimens are not just checked for the transportation delays and temperatures but also other factors and only those samples which pass through reviewed as per ISO/IEC 17025:2005 guidelines are taken for processing.
The entire amount paid will be refunded in the below mentioned scenarios:-
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Colorado, Missouri & Kansas Bankers Elected to GSBC Alumni Advisory Board
The Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) has elected three bankers to its Alumni Advisory board, effective July 26, 2019. Quentin Leighty, office president and chief financial officer of First National Bank of Las Animas in Monument, CO, will serve a three-year term on the GSBC Alumni Advisory Board. Leighty has been with First…
Obenauer Elected Chair of GSBC Alumni Association
Christie Obenauer, president and CEO of Union State Bank in Hazen, ND, has been elected chair of the Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) Alumni Association, effective July 26, 2019. Obenauer is a 2016 graduate of GSBC and is active in many local, regional and state-level boards involving banking and community development. Obenauer worked…
2019 Alumni Association Golf Tournament
Sunday, July 21, 2019 8:00 a.m. Shotgun Start Walnut Creek Golf Preserve Westminster, CO Come out and join fellow classmates, faculty, trustees, alumni and friends for a fun-filled day on the greens with a marvelous view of the Colorado Rocky Mountains! Walnut Creek Golf Preserve is located in Westminster, CO, just 20 minutes from Boulder….
Recession Nearing? Portfolio Strategies for the Year Ahead
What a difference a few months make. In October 2018, the 10-year Treasury rate hit 3.25% and many market participants anticipated two more Federal Reserve rate hikes. The Treasury yield curve was modestly upsloping with longer-term rates above short-term rates. In recent days, the 10-year rate has fallen as low as 2.4% and the yield curve has inverted to where the 10-year rate is slightly below the 3-month Treasury rate.
1st Quarter 2019 Fixed Income Portfolio Strategy Recommendation
Fed Chair Jay Powell said "there is not set path for interest rate policy" and the futures market shows almost no chance of a rate increase in 2019 (The highest odds of a hike currently show a 0.9% chance of a hike in the 3rd Quarter of 2019). As Fed Chair Powell has repeatedly said, we…
Curriculum Enhancements Coming to 69th Annual School Session
The competitive landscape for community banks is constantly evolving. Following the 2018 school session, I formed a curriculum review committee to examine the student evaluations of the courses and faculty and to incorporate their diverse expertise to suggest changes. The objective was to ensure that the curriculum reflect the core topics, concepts, and analytical/leadership tools that community bankers need to understand to best lead their organizations and also to address key issues that community banks currently face.
The 2019 Gold Rush Referral Program is Here
Alumni and students are eligible to earn great rewards by encouraging colleagues to enroll in the following GSBC programs:
69th Annual School Session
Executive Development Institute for Community Bankers®
Community Bank Investments School
How to Participate:
Click here to register as a member and get your own unique referral link.
Share your referral link with prospective students by February 1, 2019 via email or social media to receive a $25 Lands' End Store Apparel Gift Certificate.
If your referred candidate(s) complete the request information form on your unique link and enroll by February 15, 2019, you'll receive a $200 cash reward for each one!
GSBC Awards Diplomas to 11 Graduates of Executive Development Institute for Community Bankers®
BOULDER, COLO. – The Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) is pleased to announce that eleven individuals have recently graduated from the Executive Development Institute for Community Bankers® (EDI), a rigorous 19-month leadership development program for up-and-coming executive officers of community banks. The graduates are pictured left to right: Robby Harmon, TriStar Bank, Dickson,…
Cash Flow and Bond Gains
As the general consensus continues to suggest higher Treasury rates ahead, portfolio managers should remember the importance of cash flow and price stability. Predictably, unrealized losses expand as interest rates increase. Additionally, cash flow from securities with optionality tend to slow considerably, delaying the re-pricing of principal and aggravating losses.
GSBC Concludes 68th Annual School Session, Announces Class of 2018
The Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) awarded diplomas to the 164-member class of 2018 at its annual graduation celebration July 26, at University of Colorado's Folsom Field in Boulder, Colo.
Minnesota Banker, Alum to Lead GSBC in 2019
Andy Noll, president, First Farmers & Merchants National Bank, Fairmont, Minn., has been appointed chair of the Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) for 2019.
Noll's career with First Farmers & Merchants National Bank spans 25 years. In addition to serving as president, he also serves as senior vice president of its holding company, 215 Holding Co., which operates offices in 15 communities across Southern Minnesota.
Kansas, Nebraska Bankers Elected to Board of Trustees
The Graduate School of Banking at Colorado (GSBC) has recently elected bankers to leadership roles for the Board of Trustees. Barry Lockard, president and chief executive officer, Cornhusker Bank, Lincoln, Nebraska and Lance White, president and chief executive officer Flint Hills Bank, Wamego, Kansas.


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Subtitles "Comments written by regional organizers and supervisors, but who may also be a demonstration of social group work for youth leaders", this 1968 E. Matthews was a well-liked introduction to the world
: Foreword · Skilled Expertise · The best way to point out this work
|Joan E. Matthews was Director of the Leceister Nationwide Youth Leadership Institute (after the Albemarle Report in 1961). Later, when the school was closed, she worked in the Leicester Polytechnic's Youth and Group Work Program. He was additionally a member of the Youth Providers Improvement Council (and a member of the "Milson" Subcommittee, which helped produce youth and group work within the 70s). Matthews' particular contribution was to learning and selling social group work within the UK. His ebook "Working with Youth Groups" (1966, University of London Press) made a robust position on the competence of social group work and explored some key practical parts. He also upgraded Josephine Macalister Brew & # 39; s youth working group in 1968. Expert know-how was a part of a collection of magazines revealed by widespread youth clubs aimed toward creating membership work practices (other titles included for viewing and growing Younger Golf equipment)
Professionalism[page 1] individuals in golf equipment and different member organizations have an extended and respectable history in this country. Regardless of the particular function of the club or association, all those that work among their members have one primary aim. The purpose of that is to help members develop extra absolutely in socially acceptable ways – grow within the capacity to type wholesome and pleasant relationships with other individuals, the power to understand, tolerate, encourage and help others and the power to take management or let another person take it to the good thing about the group; determine and start managing their very own strengths and weaknesses; ponder collectively, come together to make selections, and implement these selections collectively and responsibly.
The professional pursuit of this widespread aim is usually referred to as the work of the staff. The term was first utilized in the USA the place such work is taken into account as a way of social work. Not everyone on this country would agree that working with individuals working in leisure organizations ought to be included in the work of social work, as a result of some social work essentially includes working with people who obviously have social issues. Nevertheless, if the concept of social work is broad sufficient to imply helping "normal people" to develop positively and to assist those that are experiencing extra apparent difficulties in corrective improvement, there isn't any have to create this drawback. It is true that the same talent required for social group work in leisure settings can be utilized in "treatment" settings, reminiscent of hospitals or permitted faculties, particularly for therapeutic purposes, but these aren't the conditions we are involved about right here. The work of social teams does not only concern helping individuals to overcome their problems, but in addition helping individuals to evolve so that they will keep away from or overcome their own assets whatever the problems
That is about youngsters, younger individuals and young adults who need to be a part of leisure clubs and need to think about work on this context as social work or do nothing else for the subsequent. Typically in regions with many volunteer leaders, the area's organizers (volunteers or statutory) are the only individuals within the district who have [page 2] skilled expertise or talent in club work. Subsequently, if the membership members receive the professional expertise of the organizers, the organizers should work via volunteer leaders in order that the work of the leaders is guided by professionalism and information. This course of is usually referred to as management, and this brochure is addressed to organizers within the area and to these key personnel who assist practice others in youth work. They will present worthwhile help to volunteer membership leaders and assistants by way of profitable monitoring, a way of spreading expertise.
In fact, regional organizers need clubs first, and visits to golf equipment at the session are these causes for a lot of reasons, however these visits usually are not discussions with leaders. Making an attempt to make them so unfair to a member, manager, and organizer. To begin with, it's important to satisfy leaders frequently outdoors the membership's occasions for supervisory conferences. Circumstances range from place to put; in some areas it is attainable to deliver leaders together quite often, however in others this is very troublesome. In all instances, separate meetings with every supervisor are wanted and are notably essential for many who are new to the job. For such individuals, it will be a good suggestion to attempt to manage three-quarters of the week for one hour. When leaders turn out to be extra competent and assured, these periods could be organized less ceaselessly, and in some instances might ultimately develop into satisfactory leaving the supervisor to request the meeting as needed. Joint meetings of membership leaders supply alternatives for group discussion, which may typically provide an incentive that individual discussions do not supply. Even in probably the most troublesome areas, it is advisable to take extraordinary special measures, comparable to an annual housing convention, because such conferences may give club leaders real help by giving them the sensation that they are members themselves and never just lonely
All which means the organizer requires appreciable necessities for club leaders. Not only do they put together for the membership, but they're also anticipated to provide control one hour every week, to attend the leaders' conferences, [page 3] and, as we'll see later, spend extra time getting ready for the session procedures. The organizer might ask how volunteers may be required to offer providers on behalf of unbiased committees or sponsorship our bodies. It is very important acknowledge that demand is excessive and it is equally essential to acknowledge that the aim is to justify demand. To ensure that individuals to assume that anybody can do good club work by means of pure mild, there isn't any service for golf equipment. These golf equipment, their leaders, and their sponsorship committee need to be a part of the consortium, and it's at a time when there's an effort to fairly make demand, and management or coaching could be introduced as an integral part of the work to be executed. inside the association. This strategy presents the volunteer chief with a challenge to his talents and at the similar time offers help to help him accomplish it. Good volunteers react to this as a result of they understand that they've the need and the suitable to this assist, and that it is the organizer's obligation to provide it.
Generally, the monitoring process is one where the club manager reminds the supervisor of events in the membership session or half thereof, and the supervisor helps the supervisor to interpret these occasions based mostly on the experience of the members – their satisfaction, dissatisfaction, their progress and their drawback. In this means, the chief steadily learns to assume not only in phrases comparable to:
"Jim and Mike and three others spent three-quarters of an hour of desk tennis. Jim and Mike are good gamers, and Jim needs to arrange a event. Invoice was with this group. He's a poor participant who was principally uncomfortable when the ball was off. Jim was indignant with him and threatened to exchange his ears. While others had left the table, Mike took Invoice back and tried to teach him good photographs. "
" Jim, Mike, A, B and C get loads of satisfaction and delight of table tennis and need to play critically. Jim needs to seek out his superiority within the recreation. He needs others to appreciate but not shine in the entire membership because he's often too self-conscious to take part [page 4] besides when he knows he can shine. Mike is more mature and far safer. He can stand as much as competition and even upset him. Invoice is socially backward in comparison with different members and does not appear to have shut pals. Some others have to simply accept him nicely, however anticipate rejection all the time as a result of he has no achievements. He tries to keep away from this rejection by enjoying the clown each time critical involvement is required. His response to Mike's acceptance and help was properly marked. Although Mike had given him all his consideration and after a while Invoice was attentive, cooperative, and much quieter than typical. "
In fact, this is not the proper interpretation, and initially the supervisor can solely recommend what the interpretations is perhaps. The club leader is the one that is aware of the members and follows what is occurring, and finally is the one one that can make real interpretations
This process helps the club chief to comply with the membership and its members in a educated method: a solution to give attention to the needs and progress of members. in addition to actions which might be primarily carried out as a way to assist members develop properly quite than as an unbiased objective. Such training is the first step.
Because the membership chief begins to interpret for himself, he'll soon understand that he wants more info from some members before full interpretation is possible. For example, Bill notices that he is socially backward, however it is onerous to know learn how to help him without figuring out how the recession is coming about. Perhaps he's the youngest youngster of older mother and father, and his older brothers or sisters had grown up as he was nonetheless a baby; perhaps he has been stored as a child for too lengthy. Maybe he has lived in a very totally different place until lately, and has not but grow to be accustomed to the habits of his period in his new setting. His needs might subsequently be mainly opportunities for social expertise, and these clubs can supply. Nevertheless, he could also be socially backward because he comes from a household that is socially marginalized by one member's felony document or mental health. In that case, he is unlikely to be able to reap the benefits of the alternatives provided by the membership [page 5] with out particular person encouragement and assistance. It might even be that his family does not come to the membership, and that his presence is part of his contribution to turning into an unbiased house. On this case, his incapability to co-operate and his destruction could also be manifestations of the conflict he or she is, and never Illustrations of his true social means.
Understanding a member's background, faculty, or work could be all essential in deciphering his conduct. After this, the membership supervisor needs assist accumulating and storing such info. A method to assist is to ask the supervisor of the meetings to collect the brand new info he has gathered and to inform him what further info he's aware of about his needs. Many club members are prepared to knock down plenty of details about themselves, with any probability, and when that occurs, their attitudes and knowledge could be identified. Others are more obnoxious, but might typically give the club chief directions that must be adopted, but not essentially on the spot or within the presence of different members. For instance of this, after hearing from the club leader to invite another person to take residence, one boy came to him and stated urgently: "You never call on the spot,?" "The manager wants not only encouragement to see all this stuff, but to assist determine the right way to comply with them. It is, in fact, mandatory for the membership leader to know that a lot of the knowledge he receives from the members is given confidentially and that he has to treat it confidentially, what all this means.
The subsequent step is to help the club supervisor give their members the expertise that helps them probably the most. For example, it might be that Invoice wants, amongst different things, the prospect to succeed. The club leader ought to be capable of train him to do one thing helpful to the membership, and to point out appreciation for his efforts within the presence of different members, raising his place and decreasing his have to play clown at inappropriate occasions. The manager has already said that Mike is an individual who may also help Invoice. Mike [page 6] may present that the chief recognizes this, and he may have recommendation, corresponding to how Bill can't be too dependent on him. Jim might be helped with a customized conversation to chill out a bit of and to know that he can get better with others if he have been less perfectionist.
The attention to date has been directed to a membership chief who helps particular person members, but he also needs steerage on easy methods to assume and deal with the group as a gaggle. A lot of this work is said to the club's capacity to handle its personal affairs. The primary activity is to guage the membership's capability to take action, and listed here are several dimensions to think about:
- Members' concepts concerning the risk that membership can supply. How suitable with the ideas of various members of the membership. How lifelike these ideas are.
- Their angle to regulation. Has their expertise led them to think about all the principles and laws which are outdoors the management of out of doors authorities, or do they see it as a convenient technique of avoiding difficulties and making it attainable to maneuver forward?
- Their means to regulate themselves and one another regardless of the boundaries they accept. Their reliability and duty.
- To what extent do they have to let go of feelings and power or be encouraged by apathy before anything happens.
It isn't straightforward to say find out how to make a preliminary evaluation of the place the club is in these matters, but an inexpensive answer can often be made for dialogue and common conduct, and this will have to be tested with trial and error. As a basic rule, club leaders ought to present members with as much "rope" as they will deal with club affairs, and they should improve the amount when their capability will increase. The overall development of managers is to offer too little, an excessive amount of, most of the time. This is typically because of the confusion of the top and the means in their minds, and is usually encouraged by the will [page 7] to deal with something "end product" to sponsoring committees and different authorities looking for to condemn this superficial however tangible degree of managerial work
Leaders need assistance to know that members can go through the process of deciding what must be finished and making the required arrangements, typically as essential as whatever was determined, although this process takes longer and the preparations will not be all the time as effective as they might have been if the supervisor had achieved all this himself . It is up to her to provide the members the assistance they need to obtain. Especially with younger teams, this typically even reminds them of what they determined to do. Typically it's a question of what a choice, for instance, to exhibit or dance, is about making the choice sensible; it typically signifies that the sponsorship committee's advice or approval have to be sought earlier than sure actions are taken and why. At the preparatory stage of the arrangements, there could also be a query of every thing being taken care of, reminding members of issues that appear to be forgotten, telling them of things they did not think about, and it will possibly typically be a matter of presenting them. how one can do things they haven't carried out earlier than; however it isn't about getting their work in hand and doing it for them, though it is perhaps essential to get assist shortly in an emergency. From this experience, members can study not solely how one can do issues, but how you can plan forward, what's reliable for their very own duties really means what occurs to your self and other individuals when one does not work, and what sort of inputs individuals could make. When Members' Experience of Such Actions Grows, Their Wants and Capabilities to Develop
When the range of concepts made by the membership is restricted because it's all the time to some extent with younger individuals, the chief should have the ability to make ideas that complement these concepts, and proposals ought to be made bearing in mind what he already is aware of about members' needs and skills.
Young and immature groups shouldn't anticipate to manage their own conduct apart from limited [page 8] methods, and the membership leader must watch for it to set limits and cope with violations. Younger age teams want, however anticipate from the leader, as a result of they want a framework the place they will exercise their very own initiative and management and know that they are within its limits. Limitless legal responsibility for itself is just too heavy for most. Young individuals often want an identical but considerably broader framework, regardless that the leader ought to understand that it is part of their regular conduct to query all the restrictions of rising energy. Young individuals are typically confused that they're able to set and hold their very own boundaries and regress to much less managed conduct, especially stress or pressure, and thus release adults from the duty they haven't but absolutely accepted. Such affliction is usually a matter of concern for leaders who want to know that that is a part of normal improvement, and that they may also help kids to progress in grownup stability by displaying that, whereas they're ready for the adult conduct of the group, they don't seem to be shocked by these regressions. Leaders may also help additional by making certain that club session packages embrace opportunities for thrilling and exciting excitement, comparable to noisy video games, energetic dance, and group singing.
When members' experiences outdoors the club have led to them being hostile to all authorities, the membership and its leader might typically turn out to be the targets of this hostility that has not found another point of sale. This occurs typically with younger individuals whose common setting is restrictive and irritating. The prevalence of such an outbreak, usually characterized by edging, injury to gear, and common hooliganism, is troublesome to lead to any chief, and is usually interpreted as a private failure until he understands hostility and is not directed to him personally, but on the club workplace as a consultant of the authority whose members can attain for his or her emotions. The disorder can only begin with one member who has reached its crisis point of their emotions, however the temper is infectious among the annoyed or underprivileged. A demanding club [page 9] whose members have been revered and revered, was a 16-year-old boy who attacked the pool table with a home-made cosh. He immediately identified, "Ray, it's a must to be a hell for some time; is your girlfriend, previous man or your boss? ", Which exhibits not only the admiration of their own emotions, but in addition the instant understanding of the boy. In a single sentence, he went a great distance to resist boys' hostility by giving him the reassurance that somebody was accepted by an authority as he was. The injury was accomplished, and the boy had to do it, but when he was to pay was less than an authoritarian setting and greater than a standard justice than would ever have been with no leader's free understanding.
The power of a club to use formal self-management methods often increases as its members settle for that some restrictions and controls are wanted and that planning is an effective thing. Whether or not they understand more refined and complicated strategies, they rely upon their previous expertise, and the membership chief shouldn't assume that sure particular election or decision-making strategies are understood without first making certain. He typically makes a lot more beneficial with the younger and inexperienced group by spending the last ten minutes of every session serving to the entire group to make certain selections and then spend a short time initially of each session reminding the group of these selections. and serving to it to carry out what it needs by pushing them by way of the official committee selection process earlier than they understand the which means of self-government content or committee membership.
These are a few of the issues managers have to know and some methods they can be assisted in controlling their work. In order for the supervisory meetings to be successful, both the chief and the supervisor must prepare for them. The supervisor must keep in mind for himself what has occurred and report his observations in order that he can easily inform them to the supervisor, supply his interpretations, explain his problems and ask questions. [page 10] sooner after the club session, what he does, the extra reliable the document is. Over time, his amassed observations make it attainable to match current and past, and make an inexpensive estimate of the progress of individuals and the group. Without data, such estimates can only be based mostly on lengthy reminiscences which might be usually unreliable. The supervisor should additionally hold a document of the supervisory meetings so as to have a dependable evaluation of the supervisor's progress and to plan passable assistance. These data usually are not stories for committees or essays, however are primarily notes meant to resemble the information which were observed. They can be very restricted to initially relatively restricted observations, and the supervisor doesn't even should see them. They need to never go to anyone except the leader and the supervisor, and they might typically be justifiably meaningless to anybody else. (Nevertheless, when ignoring this, it ought to be famous that on this country we'd like great good club info for nameless use in vocational coaching, and subsequently if and when someone demonstrates the delicacy of writing these articles, they need to be encouraged.) [19659008] Given the varying circumstances of regional organizers, it is inconceivable to create a control program for everyone For many who have to comply with, however it is clear that everyone must develop their own program if these concepts are in apply. Initially, leaders could be requested to make and document observations from two or three members within a sure time. Any further, behavioral interpretation might be began. Later, you'll be able to focus more on gathering info and tracking ideas. As the circumstances permit, some subjects, akin to normal youth improvement, may be extra simply handled in joint meetings
Because the future improvement of membership work is nearly definitely dependent on the continuing providers of volunteer leaders, it will be important that educated individuals out there who're organizers or leaders of the region / organizers, ought to be thought-about as native sources, by way of which volunteers should move the talents by means of clubs the place they are needed.
The right way to point out this paragraph: Matthews, JE (1968) Expertise. London: National Membership of Young Golf equipment. Obtainable in unofficial archives: http://infed.org/mobi/professional-skill/.
Acceptance: The photograph comes from Newcastle libraries in the Torday Tyneside collection and is publicly listed
This music
Ranked first in the archive: April 2003.


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FARMERS MARKETs
At participating farmers markets:
BRING your SNAP Quest/EBT (formerly food stamps) card to a participating Double Up location. Look for the information booth at the market, and stop there first to learn more.
BUY SNAP-Eligible items such as fruits, vegetables, bread, dairy, meat, and dried beans. There is no daily limit on SNAP purchases.
GET FREE Arizona-grown fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs, dried beans without added ingredients, and plants that produce food with your Double Up Food Bucks. For every $1 you spend on your SNAP card, you'll receive $1 in Double Up Food Bucks, up to $20 per day.


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Jennifer Blaese, a.k.a. "Poop Bag Girl," founder of Loft 312. (Credit: Steve Miller).
(CBS) — Now that the city has a ban on lightweight plastic bags, what are dog owners supposed to do?
Enter Jennifer Blaese.
"I'm known as the Poop Bag Girl. We manufacture very eco-savvy, modern poop bag dispensers as well as environmental poop bags."
She says they biodegrade – in landfills – in just over two years.
"You can fit your whole hand in there and spread out your hand."


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This question already has an answer here:
I have batch imported 300 obj files (a tile set) into blender. When I do this, the materials get cloned many times for each object.
For example, Object 1 might have "Rock", "White", "Red" as materials.
Object 2 would then be "Rock.001", "White.001", and "Red.001"
Object 3 has "Rock.002", "White.002", and so on.
So, to remedy this, I am trying to write a python script that will look at all materials on each object and check if it ends with a number, and if so, then strip off the "." and the numbers afterwards.
Ideally, this would get rid of all of the duplicate materials created in the import process.
This is my script. It seems to isolate the names correctly but for some reason doesn't actually change them.
import bpy
objects = bpy.data.objects
for obj in objects:
for mat in obj.data.materials:
char = mat.name.strip()[-1]
if char.isdigit() == True:
new_name = mat.name.split(".")[0]
mat.name = new_name
Any help with this would be very much appreciated. Thanks a whole lot!


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I barely blinked during the Hindu ceremony! It was the first time I'd seen one and absolutely loved every part. Right from the moment that Alex was danced into the building and brought to the Mandap in an amazing procession, lead by the Dhol drummer. And then when Geethi & Alex's families gathered around to support and bless them through the traditions from the change of clothes, to the tying of the Thali. I didn't speak the language, but was so moved.
Jessica & Andrew tie the knot at Manor Mews
Their ceremony put Jessica & Andrew at the heart of their family and friends, supported down the aisle and showered with petals as they left. With Horses crashing their photos, and posing next to a vintage tractor, it couldn't get more 'Norfolk'! Except perhaps, for the walk to the small church at the end of the next field. Follow them on their journey, right here. And join me in wishing the new Mr & Mrs Sewell all the luck in the world for their married life!
Ben & Naomi at Pentney Abbey
Katie, Adam, and the North Norfolk Coast
Caroline & Ryan's 'I Do Day' at Pentney Abbey
Sophie & Jimi say "I Do" In Norwich Castle
Mr & Mrs Bowen's Norwich Wedding
Alexis & Darren's Wedding Day
Alice & Chris' Red Barn Wedding
Tom and Natalie at the Assembly House, Norwich
Georgina & Dan's wedding
Lara & Karen - The Old Hall, Ely
Jo & James' Coastal Country Wedding - Cley Next The Sea
Charlotte & Robert's Wedding Day
Lisa & Paul's big day - Norfolk Mead
Laura & Graeme at The Boathouse, Ormesby St Michael
Vanessa & Rich - Old Hall, Ely
Oops a Daisy! Stunning Floristry in Norwich...
Gemma & Robert's London Wedding
Norfolk Brides Fashion pages, 2017-18
I'm incredibly proud to share this amazing teamwork for Norfolk Brides, the bridal fashion edit 2018, shot at Somerleyton Hall. It was a real honour to be invited to work with such a talented bunch again, and at this breathtaking venue.


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07/13/2017 | Press release | Archived content
The first test transportation to Kogeneracja Wrocław (2 thousand tons of coal) is planned in mid-July: OT Logistics' barges will carry coal to Wrocław from the port in Gliwice. Coal will be delivered to the port from the Sośnica Mine by block trains consisting of 40 special Fas-type wagons. OT Logistics commissioned Śląskie Centrum Logistyki to perform the reloading from wagons onto barges. If the cruise meets no obstacles along the waterway, OT Logistics plans to transport to Wrocław 20 thousand tons of coal per month till the end of year.
- Resumption of coal transport along the Odra Waterway may be perceived as a symbol of upcoming changes of inland shipping in Poland. We hope that, first of all, commercial transportation will return to the Upper Odra. Silesia needs an inland waterway connection with the rest of the country. Inland navigation is an indispensable part of intermodal transport currently developing and should become a strong third branch of transport, alongside roads and railway - Andrzej Klimek said, the Vice President of the Management Board and the Head of Inland Shipping Division at OT Logistics. We count on the success of governmental plans to restore the patency of the Odra Waterway and reinstate the transport function of Polish rivers, one they had performed since the Middle Ages, but which was abandoned in the last decades. Water transportation is the most environment-friendly form of transport, which will support the growth of trade in goods in the country and allow to unburden road haulage. For its part, OT Logistics Group is ready to support Polish logistics through a significant increase in the volume of goods carried along rivers - Andrzej Klimek added.
The objectives of investment projects planned by the Ministry of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation (MGMiŻŚ), defined in the 'Assumptions for the plans of inland waterways development in Poland in the years 2016-2020 with the 2030 perspective', include meeting international class navigability requirements on the Odra Waterway and incorporating it into the European waterways network. In addition, by joining United Nation's AGN Convention Poland obliged itself to adapt its main inland waterways to the Class IV navigability requirements.
Coal will be transported along the route Port Gliwice - Wrocław by three tows of barges pushed by Tur-type pushers. Barges have to cover the distance of 200 km, along Silesian Canal and Odra River. The cruise requires passing through 27 locks.


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by Corinne Heller | Mon., Sep. 30, 2019 3:00 AM
Justin Bieber and Hailey Bieber, formerly known as Hailey Baldwin, are set to soon have a second wedding, one in front of their family and friends, a year after they tied the knot.
The 25-year-old singer and 22-year-old model's road to marriage began more than four years ago. They have known teens. They sparked romance rumors in late 2014 and the next year, they dated on and off and were even rumored to be engaged, following a bogus news report.
The Biebers' romance sizzled over the 2016 New Year's holiday, when they vacationed in the Caribbean. Weeks later, they spent Super Bowl Weekend together. Over the next two years, the two would spent time apart dating other people. In 2017, Bieber rekindled his relationship with Selena Gomez for several months. Meanwhile, Hailey and Shawn Mendes sparked romance rumors.
Justin and Hailey got back together in June 2018. He proposed to her the following month. On Sept. 13, 2018, E! News learned they had a marriage ceremony at a New York City courthouse.
Check out the Biebers' road to marriage.
Instagram / Justin Bieber
Justin and Hailey take a selfie backstage at the Today show in 2009. She is a month shy of 12, he is 15.
Richard Corkery/NY Daily News Archives via Getty Images
Hailey and her dad Stephen Baldwin join Justin at the premiere of his biopic Never Say Never in New York City. Hailey is 14 and Justin is a month shy of 17.
Hailey celebrates her 18th birthday with Justin and other friends, such as Kylie Jenner and Kendall Jenner. No romance rumors yet.
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Hailey and Justin appear together in Instagram pics, sparking romance rumors.
"I've known him since I was so young—since I was like 13—and we've just been good friends over the years," Hailey tells E! News at the time. "We have just stayed close and there's nothing more to it than that."
"People are crazy. I'm super single and this is my good friend u would know otherwise," Justin says, alongside a photo of him and Hailey sitting in a car.
247PapsTV/Splash News
The two are spotted out dining in New York and New Jersey and also hang out at his residence.
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Justin celebrates his 21st birthday with Hailey and other friends in the Caribbean.
Selena, who at this point had dated Justin on and off until 2014, shocks fans by liking a video he posts that shows him hula-hooping with Hailey at Target. Friendly exes?
Justin and Hailey spark engagement rumors thanks to a bogus news story, which also spurred the hashtag #CongratsJustinandHailey.
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Splash News
The two are spotted walking together in Beverly Hills.
Justin and Hailey don't look too happy in paparazzi photos from their New Year's trip to the Caribbean.
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A source tells E! News that Justin and Hailey's relationship is "more of a just a fling," adding, "They have a lot of fun together but don't know what will happen now. They aren't thinking too much about it and are just having fun."
The two reunite in San Francisco for Super Bowl 50 Weekend.
"They are not an exclusive couple even though Hailey has made it clear that's what she wants from Bieber," a source tells E! News. "They spent the night together Saturday."
"All of Bieber's friends like Hailey and would like to see them together," the source adds. "They are dating. They both had a great time this weekend with each other."
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"Hailey made me get corn rows like an absolute douche bag, these will be off tomorrow trust me Danny," Justin says, showing off a new look during their vacation.
Meanwhile, a source tells E! News, "Hailey and Justin have a very tight relationship. They both are very close with each other's families and care very deeply about each other. Hailey's family has been there and supported Justin through his transition so Justin has a strong respect for them."
"He loves Hailey as a friend and considers her one of his best friends," the source adds. "They both also have a strong attraction towards each other and this trip they have been having fun with their families, but also had some alone time. Hailey and Justin like to party and let loose and this romantic connection has always been there."
Eric Ray Davidson/GQ
Justin tells GQ magazine that Hailey is "someone I really love," adding, "We spend a lot of time together."
Michael Loccisano/Getty Images
"We are not an exclusive couple. He's about to go on tour," Hailey tells E! News about Justin after his GQ article comes out. "Relationships at this age are already complicated, but I don't really like to talk about it because it's between me and him."
Article continues below
"Hailey is not dating anyone at this time, just hanging out with her friends and working," a source tells E! News. "Bieber and Hailey are still close friends, but he is on tour and extremely busy now, so they have not seen each other that much. Bieber and Hailey love each other but have a good understanding where they both stand at the moment."
Tesh for Marie Claire
"I don't want attention out of dating somebody," Hailey tells Marie Claire. "Texts started coming through, crazy phone calls...it's hard to date somebody in this industry. You have to have really thick skin and be very strong. You have to focus on the person and nothing else."
James Devaney/GC Images
The two grab some java as they head to the airport in NYC.
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Dominique Charriau/WireImage, Jason Merritt/Getty Images
Getty Images
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Max Lopes- Vasquez / BACKGRID
Neilson Barnard/Getty Images
Hailey and the singer make their joint red carpet debut at the prestigious celebrity event, fueling romance rumors. They post photos of each other on Instagram.
Hailey tells the Times UK that she and Shawn "hang out and he's super-lovely and a very, very nice young gentleman," adding, "But I am single."
She also says, "Justin and I were friends for a long time. I met him when I was really young and he was one of my best friends. Everybody knows that at a certain point in time that turned into something else, but that just happens when you're 18, 19. It was what it was. We went through a long period of time when we weren't friends. We didn't speak for quite some time and there was a lot of weirdness that went on. We've moved past that."
Article continues below
Evan Agostini/Invision/AP/REX/Shutterstock
He tells E! News, "I am single. The Met Ball was such an incredible experience for me. It was just overwhelming in the most incredible way. I was so lucky for my first time going there to be able to go with someone like Hailey because she's such a vet and I really admire people like her because of how outgoing she is in such an overwhelming experience."
Splash News / BACKGRID
Getty Images
Justin and Hailey pack on the PDA in New York City, which is captured on video.
"I don't know if they're dating or not," Shawn Mendes tells Canada's eTalk, adding, "I love them both. They're both really awesome people."
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Justin and Hailey get cozy on the set of a music video in Los Angeles.
Neilson Barnard/Getty Images
Hailey deletes photos of Shawn from her Instagram. He keeps his pics of the two on his own page.
247PAPS.TV / SplashNews.com
Justin and Hailey celebrate the holiday together in the Hamptons.
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Spartano / BACKGRID
AM / SplashNews.com
Justin proposed to Hailey during a trip to the Bahamas on July 7, 2018, several weeks after they rekindled their romance.
"Was gonna wait a while to say anything but word travels fast, listen plain and simple Hailey I am soooo in love with everything about you! So committed to spending my life getting to know every single part of you loving you patiently and kindLY. I promise to lead our family with honor and integrity letting Jesus through his Holy Spirit guide us in everything we do and every decision we make," he shared with several photos. "My heart is COMPLETELY and FULLY YOURS and I will ALWAYS put you first! You are the love of my life Hailey Baldwin and I wouldn't want to spend it with anybody else."
Splash News
The adorable pair returned from their romantic Bahamas getaway and tried to get back to their normal routine. They were all smiles as they went to dinner at Cecconi's restaurant in New York City.
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Soon after their engagement announcement, the Grammy winner showed love for his leading lady by posting a steamy shot of the pair kissing in a hot tub.
On the same day Justin posted a PDA picture to his Instagram, Hailey shared her own picture of the happy couple. In the shot, the newly engaged pair is seen walking up the steps of a private jet. The couple is blinged out, wearing matching diamond watches alongside Hailey's massive diamond engagement ring.
The two traveled back to Miami, this time as an engaged couple.
247PAPS.TV / SplashNews.com
When they're together, they let out their silly side. The duo is often spotted exploring NYC together, laughing and enjoying each other's company.
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Fans were concerned after photos surfaced of the singer looking visibly upset next to his fiancée. However, Justin confirmed that there's nothing to worry about. In a video obtained by TMZ, he told fans that, "You've got good days and you got bad days. It's not real if it doesn't have any bad days."
Rodin Banica/WWD/REX/Shutterstock
The model invited her fiancé to John Elliot's presentation during New York Fashion Week, marking their first fashion show as an engaged couple. They were joined in the front row by LeBron James, Whoopi Goldberg and Kendall Jenner's former flame Ben Simmons.
Surprise! Bieber and Baldwin had a marriage ceremony at the marriage bureau of a New York City courthouse. (They are not pictured there in this photo.)
Article continues below
Vasquez-Max Lopes / BACKGRID
Instagram / Hailey Bieber
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Don't miss E! News every Tuesday to Saturday at 6pm.
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I suggest that you find another RMT registered massage therapist. Others I liked much better — a couple good friends — but even some of them were just hopeless with the science curriculum, especially physiology and pathology. When you tip at restaurants, do you tip ,because it is expected, or do you tip because you want to be nice?
Tough one
First of all Tim you are correct no therapist is going to work on or uncomfortably close to your groin area.
When you're lying on your front therefore avoiding eye contactsay something like 'so, that time when you were busier in my groin area, what was that about?
Testosterone, steroids, etc.
Equally, if you consent to a specific treatment during one session, this does not mean that your massage therapist can assume you consent to the same treatment the next time, or any subsequent time.
For the best answers, search on this site https:
It happens.
Interesting information.
Related Questions Is it normal for massage therapists to push their penis against your body?
One of my massage therapy college classmates actually did this, and meant it, early in our first year of massage therapy college.
Even if you are giving less than a 24 hour notice, most therapists would rather lose the income from one session over getting sick for a couple days.
When you tip at restaurants, do you tip ,because it is expected, or do you tip because you want to be nice?
Why do people say "enjoy the food" and why should you then say thank you, it won't make the food taste better?
Never asked her about it or requested more.
One poor woman asked me for help with study methods.
After the session he looks at me with amassment.
TOPS says "No passport?
Or maybe she was testing for a positive reaction from me?


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When: Thu., June 29, 6 p.m. 2017
Join Charleston attorney Armand Derfner as he talks about his pivotal role in the American Civil Rights Movement. With his work representing disenfranchised voters in Greenwood, Miss., in 1968, Armand was among the first lawyers to argue a case involving the Voting Rights Act. An essay based on these experiences has been included in a new book called Voices of Civil Rights Lawyers: Reflections from the Deep South 1964-1980.
Price: Free


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About The Author
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Artists often have no idea what they're doing and end up burning bridges or pissing bloggers off. In the video above, I discuss some issues I have come across in my work as well as among other bloggers and media personalities. Hip hop is something we all love, and although we love the culture, the industry is not always the friendliest especially towards women. It can be straight-up sexist.
Here are some tips on how not to come off as a sexist asshole and if you are new to the industry how to properly approach a media persona.
- Be Cordial and professional. Pretty simple and basic point, this is a business opportunity so approach it as such.
- Avoid the use of pet names like babe, hun, sweetie etc especially on the first contact.
- Do your research. Don't reach out to someone and you have no idea what they do. How do you expect to work with someone if you don't even know what they do?
- Don't bring up ex-partners. Regardless of how you met someone, don't mention their ex. That's disrespectful and won't help you get featured.
- Be clear about what you want. Don't just send a song, ask for what you want and be specific
- Don't hit on a blogger. If you want to work then keep it on that platform, don't hit on someone thinking it will help you in the end. It will often do the opposite.
- Respect price points. Everyone sets a price for a reason and if you don't see the value then you keep it professional and move on. You never know if you will want to work with that person in the future. It can be out of your price range which is fine, but there is no need to haggle or downplay their work.
This is not a comprehensive list of everything wrong with the industry but it's a start. There will be more videos and posts helping artists and bloggers navigate the industry so stay tuned. If you want to donate to the creative efforts check out the support the starz section. Until next time, shine bright starz.


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Topic: Capacity building for Primary Health Care
Topic in Syllabus: GS Paper 1 : Social Issues
- There is scarcity of MBBS trained primary care physicians.
- The National ratio is 0.76 per 1,000 population and it is one of the lowest in the world.
- Moreover, they are not willing to serve in rural / remote areas.
- Urban-rural disparities in physician availability is increasing the burden of chronic diseases.
- It is making the health care in India, both inequitable and expensive.
Primary healthcare (PHC):
- Primary healthcare (PHC) refers to "essential health care" that is based on "scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, which make universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in a community.
- It is through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.
- PHC is an approach to health beyond the traditional health care system that focuses on health equity-producing social policy.
- PHC includes all areas that play a role in health, such as access to health services, environment and lifestyle thus, primary healthcare and public health measures.
Goals and principles:
The ultimate goal of primary healthcare is the attainment of better health services for all. It is for this reason that World Health Organization (WHO), has identified five key elements to achieving this goal.
- reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal coverage reforms);
- organizing health services around people's needs and expectations (service delivery reforms);
- integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms);
- pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership reforms)
- Increasing stakeholder participation.
Primary Health Centre (India):
Primary Health Centre (PHCs), sometimes referred to as public health centres, are state-owned rural health care facilities in India. They are essentially single-physician clinics usually with facilities for minor surgeries, too. They are part of the government-funded public health system in India and are the most basic units of this system.
Apart from the regular medical treatments, PHCs in India have some special focuses:
- Infant immunization programs: Immunization for newborns under the national immunization program is dispensed through the PHCs. This program is fully subsidized
- Anti-epidemic programs: The PHCs act as the primary epidemic diagnostic and control centres for the rural India. Whenever a local epidemic breaks out, the system's doctors are trained for diagnosis. They identify suspected cases and refer for further treatment.
- Birth control programs: Services under the national birth control programs are dispensed through the PHCs. Sterilization surgeries such as vasectomy and tubectomy are done here. These services, too, are fully subsidized.
- Pregnancy and related care: A major focus of the PHC system is medical care for pregnancy and child birth in rural India. This is because people from rural India resist approaching doctors for pregnancy care which increases neonatal death. Hence, pregnancy care is a major focus area for the PHCs.
- Emergencies: All the PHCs store drugs for medical emergencies which could be expected in rural areas. For example antivenoms for snake bites, rabies vaccinations, etc.
Challenges in Primary Care:
Primary care is an important part of the healthcare system that helps to reduce complications and hospital admissions through prevention and early intervention. However, there are a number of challenges that are facing primary care that must be addressed to maintain the quality and benefits that primary care can provide. These challenges include, but are not limited to lack of choice, variable quality, reactive versus proactive decisions and physician shortages.
Lack of Choice:
- Each general practitioner has a particular way of working with patients and promoting their health, which is more compatible with some patients than others. For this reason, it is important that patients are in a position to make a selection and find the general practitioner that best caters to their needs.
- However, in some regions there is a noticeable lack of choice and patients may not receive all the benefits of primary care, as they do not have access to the physician best suited to their needs.
Variable Quality:
- The quality of primary care varies considerably between different practitioners and regions. This can be an issue in some areas where the level of primary care is lacking, and patients may not receive the full benefits. Additionally, different models and types of primary care practices, including public and private based models, highlight the disparity to a greater extent.
- There are currently few mechanisms in place to promote higher quality practice such as peer reviewing, performance-based incentives or risk of losing their contract in severe circumstances. It has been suggested that implementing some of these systems may help to improve the quality of care.
Reactive vs. Proactive Decisions:
- One of the main aims of primary care is for patients to have a trusted practitioner to talk about any symptoms or health issues before they become significant issues that require advanced treatment with risks.
- However, many of the management decisions remain reactive rather than proactive, and some complications could be avoided if proactive decision-making was more widespread. There are currently incentives being implemented in many countries to promote earlier management of some health conditions
Physician Shortage
- In order to meet the primary health care demands of the public, there must be an adequate supply of physicians to provide quality care. This is a significant challenge as the health demands are currently increasing more rapidly than the physician supply.
- To manage this issue, several approaches will need to be combined. This may include increasing the number of physicians that are trained, improving workplace systems and increasing the efficiency of care without compromising the quality.
Neglect of Rural Population:
- A serious drawback of India's health service is the neglect of rural masses. It is largely a service based on urban hospitals. Although, there are large no. of PHC's and rural hospitals yet the urban bias is visible. According to health information 31.5% of hospitals and 16% hospital beds are situated in rural areas where 75% of total population resides.
- Moreover the doctors are unwilling to serve in rural areas. Instead of evolving a health system dependent on paramedical (like bare-footed doctors in China) to strengthen the periphery. India has evolved one dependent on doctors giving it a top-heavy character
Emphasis on Culture Method:
- The health system of India depends almost on imported western models. It has no roots in the culture and tradition of the people. It is mostly service based on urban hospitals. This has been at the cost of providing comprehensive primary health care to all. Otherwise speaking, it has completely neglected preventive, pro-motive, rehabilitative and public health measures.
Social Inequality:
- The growth of health facilities has been highly imbalanced in India. Rural, hilly and remote areas of the country are under served while in urban areas and cities, health facility is well developed. The SC/ST and the poor people are far away from modern health service
Expensive Health Service:
- In India, health services especially allopathic are quite expensive. It hits hard the common man. Prices of various essential drugs have gone up. Therefore more emphasis should be given to the alternative systems of medicine. Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy systems are less costly and will serve the common man in better way. Concluding the health system has many problems. These problems can be overcome by effective planning and allocating more funds.
Government measures for capacity building in Primary health care:
National Health Policy, 2017:
The National Health Policy 2017 recognizes that improved access, education and empowerment would be the basis of successful population stabilization. The policy imperative is to move away from camp based services with all its attendant problems of quality, safety and dignity of women, to a situation where these services are available on any day of the week or at least on a fixed day.
- Assurance Based Approach- Policy advocates progressively incremental Assurance based Approach with focus on preventive and promotive healthcare
- Health Card linked to health facilities– Policy recommends linking the health card to primary care facility for a defined package of services anywhere in the country.
- Patient Centric Approach- Policy recommends the setting up of a separate, empowered medical tribunal for speedy resolution to address disputes /complaints regarding standards of care, prices of services, negligence and unfair practices. Standard Regulatory framework for laboratories and imaging centers, specialized emerging services, etc
- Micronutrient Deficiency– Focus on reducing micronutrient malnourishment and systematic approach to address heterogeneity in micronutrient adequacy across regions.
- Quality of Care– Public hospitals and facilities would undergo periodic measurements and certification of level of quality. Focus on Standard Regulatory Framework to eliminate risks of inappropriate care by maintaining adequate standards of diagnosis and treatment.
- Make in India Initiative- Policy advocates the need to incentivize local manufacturing to provide customized indigenous products for Indian population in the long run.
- Application of Digital Health- Policy advocates extensive deployment of digital tools for improving the efficiency and outcome of the healthcare system and aims at an integrated health information system which serves the needs of all stake-holders and improves efficiency, transparency, and citizen experience.
- Private Sector engagement for strategic purchase for critical gap filling and for achievement of health goals.
The National Medical Commission Bill, 2017:
A contentious element of the National Medical Commission (NMC) Bill 2017 an attempt to revamp the medical education system in India to ensure an adequate supply of quality medical professionals has been Section 49, Subsection 4 that proposes a joint sitting of the Commission, the Central Council of Homoeopathy and the Central Council of Indian Medicine. This sitting, referred to in Subsection 1, may "decide on approving specific bridge course that may be introduced for the practitioners of Homoeopathy and of Indian Systems of Medicine to enable them to prescribe such modern medicines at such level as may be prescribed.
Key features of the Bill include:
- The Bill seeks to repeal the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and provide for a medical education system which ensures:
- availability of adequate and high quality medical professionals
- adoption of the latest medical research by medical professionals
- periodic assessment of medical institutions
- An effective grievance redressal mechanism.
- Constitution of the National Medical Commission:
- The Bill sets up the National Medical Commission (NMC). Within three years of the passage of the Bill, state governments will establish State Medical Councils at the state level.
- A Search Committee will recommend names to the central government for the post of Chairperson, and the part time members. These posts will have a maximum term of four years. The Search Committee will consist of seven members including the Cabinet Secretary and three experts nominated by the central government (of which two will have experience in the medical field).
- Functions of the National Medical Commission: Functions of the NMC include:
- framing policies for regulating medical institutions and medical professionals,
- assessing the requirements of healthcare related human resources and infrastructure,
- ensuring compliance by the State Medical Councils of the regulations made under the Bill,
- Framing guidelines for determination of fees for up to 40% of the seats in the private medical institutions and deemed universities which are regulated as per the Bill.
- Entrance examinations:
- There will be a uniform National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for admission to under-graduate medical education in all medical institutions regulated by the Bill. The NMC will specify the manner of conducting common counselling for admission in all such medical institutions.
- There will be a National Licentiate Examination for the students graduating from medical institutions to obtain the license for practice. The National Licentiate Examination will also serve as the basis for admission into post-graduate courses at medical institutions.
- AYUSH is the acronym of the medical systems that are being practiced in India such as Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy.
- These systems are based on definite medical philosophies and represent a way of healthy living with established concepts on prevention of diseases and promotion of health.
- The basic approach of all these systems on health, disease and treatment are holistic.
- Because of this, there is a resurgence of interest on AYUSH systems. Yoga has now become the icon of global health and many countries have started integrating it in their health care delivery system.
- The Department of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM & H) was created in the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. In 2003, this Department was re named as Department of AYUSH.
Benefits of AYUSH system are:
- It addresses gaps in health services.
- It provides low cost services in far-flung areas.
- AYUSH can provide best care to elderly.
- Problem of tobacco and drug abuse can be tackled by AYUSH especially through Yoga.
- Useful in lifestyle diseases like diabetes and hypertension.
- Large part of the population prefers AYUSH as it is perceived to have lower side effects, costs and considerations of it being more natural.
Challenges in the AYUSH system:
- The ability of Ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and homoeopathy (AYUSH) practitioners to cross-practice to highlighting current restrictions on allopathic practitioners from practicing higher levels of caregiving. However, these debates miss the reality: which is a primary health system that is struggling with a below-par national physician-patient ratio (0.76 per 1,000 population, amongst the lowest in the world) due to a paucity of MBBS-trained primary-care physicians and the unwillingness of existing MBBS-trained physicians to serve remote/rural populations. Urban-rural disparities in physician availability in the face of an increasing burden of chronic diseases make health care in India both inequitable and expensive.
- Quality standards of Medicines – Scientific validation of AYUSH has not progressed in spite of dedicated expenditure in past.
- Lack of human resources – Practitioners are moving away from traditional system for better opportunities
- The existing infrastructure remains under-utilized.
- The 4th Common Review Mission Report 2010 of the National Health Mission reports the utilisation of AYUSH physicians as medical officers in primary health centres (PHCs) in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand as a human resource rationalization strategy. In some cases, it was noted that while the supply of AYUSH physicians was high, a lack of appropriate training in allopathic drug dispensation was a deterrent to their utilization in primary-care settings.
- The 2013 Shailaja Chandra report on the status of Indian medicine and folk healing, commissioned by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, noted several instances in States where National Rural Health Mission-recruited AYUSH physicians were the sole care providers in PHCs and called for the appropriate skilling of this cadre to meet the demand for acute and emergency care at the primary level.
The way forward for capacity building in the AYUSH system:
- Capacity-building of licensed AYUSH practitioners through bridge training to meet India's primary care needs is only one of the multi-pronged efforts required to meet the objective of achieving universal health coverage set out in NHP 2017.
- There is an urgent need for a trained cadre to provide accessible primary-care services that cover minor ailments, health promotion services, risk screening for early disease detection and appropriate referral linkages, and ensure that people receive care at a community level when they need it.
- The issue of AYUSH cross-prescription has been a part of public health and policy discourse for over a decade, with the National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 calling for multi-dimensional mainstreaming of AYUSH physicians. There were 7.7 lakh registered AYUSH practitioners in 2016, according to National Health Profile 2017 data. Their current academic training also includes a conventional biomedical syllabus covering anatomy, physiology, pathology and biochemistry. Efforts to gather evidence on the capacity of licensed and bridge-trained AYUSH physicians to function as primary-care physicians have been under way in diverse field settings, and the call for a structured, capacity-building mechanism is merely the next logical step.
- Current capacity-building efforts include other non-MBBS personnel such as nurses, auxiliary nurse midwives and rural medical assistants, thereby creating a cadre of mid-level service providers as anchors for the provision of comprehensive primary-care services at the proposed health and wellness centres.
- the existing practice of using AYUSH physicians as medical officers in guideline-based national health programmes, a location-specific availability of this cadre to ensure uninterrupted care provision in certain resource-limited settings, as well as their current academic training that has primed them for cross-disciplinary learning hold promise.
- These provide a sufficient basis to explore the proposal of bridging their training to "enable them to prescribe such modern medicines at such level as may be prescribed".
- Ensuing discussions will be well served to focus on substantive aspects of this solution: design and scope of the programme, implementation, monitoring and audit mechanisms, technology support, and the legal and regulatory framework. In the long run, a pluralistic and integrated medical system for India remains a solution worth exploring for both effective primary-care delivery and prevention of chronic and infectious diseases.
Sample Question:
Critically evaluate the Indian primary health care system? And discuss the initiatives taken by the government to empower primary health care.