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How buying Fairmined Ecological gold can help combat the global mercury emission crisis
Purpose through everyday choices is a cornerstone of conscious lifestyle. Have you considered how your jewelry choices fit into this purpose?
There are about 15 million artisanal and small-scale gold miners across the world who rely on gold mining to sustain themselves and their families. Did you know that most of them use mercury and cyanide in the mining process and that the United Nations has deemed mercury emissions to be the number one threat to our planet?
These artisanal miners mine by hand in an unregulated and harmful environment that originates from the mining process. A miner pulverizes the rock containing the gold bits into powder, then mixes mercury with the ore and water to extract gold from the rock and sediment. This process emits toxic emissions, negatively impacting the health of those miners, the planet and every one of us as they travel through the atmosphere and through our food and water system. But there is a way to combat this widespread crisis.
70% of this gold is used to make jewelry. There are currently only two mines in the world - one in Mongolia and another in Peru - that abide by clean, transparent and mercury-free Fairmined Ecological standards for gold mining. This Fairmined Ecological certification allows these workers to earn a living in a safe environment, without destroying their ancestral home.
We, as consumers, rarely have a clear sense of where our gold comes from and the harmful impact of traditional gold mining for the jewelry we wear. Likewise, while using recycled metals is admirable, it doesn't solve the global crisis of toxic mercury emissions to our planet and humanity.
We now have a choice we've never had before; to choose mercury-free Fairmined Ecological gold that offers a pure product and also supports positive humanitarian growth and sustainability. Every time a piece of jewelry is chosen that is made with improved mercury free mining standards, global mercury emissions are reduced.
Understanding the source of supply in our jewelry and supporting most conscious manufacturing practices can have far-reaching benefits. In this case, we now have the option to support Ecological Gold through our purchases of fine jewelry. In turn, we effectively become influencers to the mines, who can't shy away from a much-needed change in their manufacturing method.
Our jewelry buying choices have the power to reduce global mercury emissions by 30%. We have the opportunity to shape a cleaner future starting with the gold jewelry we wear. Our higher-minded thinking can lead to seismic change for environmental protection and human rights - for present and for future generations to come.
Futura Jewelry is a new modern jewelry brand made from the world's purest Fairmined Ecological gold. Founder Robert Donofrio began his career in luxury jewelry 35 years ago, as the former President of luxury jewelry brands including Bulgari and Asprey. He is an Official Partner of the UN Environment Programme Global Mercury Partnership. Through a life changing discovery a few years ago of the devastation and threat that mercury used in small-scale gold mining poses to our planet, he chose to support a cleaner tomorrow. He launched Futura, a modern brand offering consumers a timeless jewelry option that reflects what they believe. Each piece of Futura Jewelry is handmade slowly and locally in New York City by some of the greatest artisans in the world.
Learn more and shop online at https://www.futurajewelry.com/ and follow on Instagram at @futurajewelry


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Come and discover the delicious Portugese specilities at Adega shop such as Olive Oil, cheese, compote, wine, pastel de nata and patés.
Find our canned quality fish and snacks like Pasteis de bacalhau, rissóis de camarão, empada de galinha and empada de atum.
We answer
within one hour
on our facebook page
Monday - Thrusday & Saturday.: 10.00-20.00
Friday.: 10.00-21.00
Sunday .: 12.00-18.00
Phone : +0302346486
> Contact us

subset: commoncrawl


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Producers in Scotland saw the opportunity to link together their activities to encourage greater visitor numbers to rural destinations by creating a network of artisan chocolatiers.
Projects & Practice
The Think Local development programme focuses on developing collaboration in short supply chain, by bringing together existing initiatives on farmers' markets, farm retail, food tourism, regional food and drink networks and in developing added value for rural producers.
A project to enhance the facilities on a geological site, enable new visitor-based activities and attract more visitors who will spend more time in the area.
The largest inter-territorial cooperation project in Finland for 2014-2020, aims to promote cultural heritage as a vehicle for tourism development.
EAFRD funding helped expand and develop a social enterprise in rural Scotland. A new training centre is built, a visitor centre expanded and more jobs for adults with special needs created.
A feasibility study was launched in order to set the foundations for turning an ancient crater lake into a driver for local development.
Agritourism Monitor Farms are rural businesses opened up to wider community groups, other rural businesses and related professionals for site tours, working groups and open discussions.


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Known as The I-5 Killer for committing crimes along the I-5 corridor in the Pacific Northwest.
He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in 1974, but he didn't make the final roster.
In 1981, Chris Van Dyke, son of actor
He married a woman who visited him in prison in 2001.
He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers, the team for which Reggie White played.


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A selection of work done in house for Fox Restaurant Concepts.
The gift card campaign was initiated to bring awareness to the availability of purchasing FRC gift cards year round. Spring and summer time can get overlooked as the holidays attract the most attention for gift card giving. We wanted to remind people of the many occasions that are perfect during this time. And anyway, who wouldn't want to receive a gift card that allows you to eat at any of their fifteen restaurant concepts?
The Tucson hiring campaign utilized existing brand standards for FRC and added a fresh approach to make clear what they were looking for... chef's and managers.


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Also available on the Internet at: http://www.usgs.gov/public/press/public_affairs/press_releases/index.html
Editors: On Tuesday, April 27, 1999 reporters may visit USGS scientists and crew to view new high-resolution digital images of the ocean floor offshore of Los Angeles. The news event begins at 9 a.m., at the Alamitos Bay Marina in Long Beach. To reach the site, take the Pacific Coast Highway; west on Second Street; south on Marina Drive; then look for signs near Crab Pot Restaurant. For more information please see attached press release and call Dale Alan Cox at 916-997-4209.
As United States Geological Survey (USGS) researchers skim the surface of the ocean in a small boat near Long Beach, a new never-before-seen view of Los Angeles is revealed.
Using sophisticated, acoustic mapping technology known as multi-beam bathymetry, the USGS scientists have virtually emptied Santa Monica and Newport Bay from Point Dume to Huntington Beach, revealing an ocean floor landscape of soaring canyons and earthquake faults, all in 3-D, photographic-like detail.
The new breathtaking views of the landscape offshore of Los Angeles is only a side benefit of the ocean floor mapping, according to USGS marine scientist, James V. Gardner. "This is a scientific roadmap that can be used by the entire research community. The ocean floor map can be used for tracking toxic contaminants in seafloor deposits, understanding marine habitat, mapping seawater intrusion, and identifying earthquake faults."
The multi-use capabilities of the maps have many USGS scientists excited. "These images will inspire the same sort of discovery across the oceans science community that satellite images do in the planetary community," said Michael D. Carr, chief scientist for USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geological Studies, "We have found a seafloor frontier within a stone's throw of our shoreline."
The USGS team includes researchers from the University of New Brunswick and C & C Technologies of Louisiana, the same team responsible for successfully mapping the bottom of Lake Tahoe in 1998.
The USGS crew is presently in the last few weeks of the project, which began in 1996, focusing on mapping the entire continental shelf off Long Beach. The project is partially funded by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Orange County Sanitation District, which will use the maps to help them better determine the quantity and movement of ocean floor sediments.
While the USGS map could be used by many scientific disciplines, USGS seismic specialists are interested in finding the surface expression of known earthquake faults. According to USGS seismologist, Lucy Jones, "If we are ever to fully examine the earthquake risk to Los Angeles, we need to examine all the faults, including those just off shore."
The USGS serves the nation by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life.
Subscribe to receive the latest USGS news releases.
**** www.usgs.gov ****
Links and contacts within this release are valid at the time of publication.


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- North America
- United States
- Texas
- Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church
- Search
Traveling Luck for Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church Texas, United States
The timezone in Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church is America/Rankin_Inlet
Morning Sunrise at 06:24 and Evening Sunset at 17:48. It's Dark
Rough GPS position Latitude. 29.8118°, Longitude. -95.3531°
Morning Sunrise at 06:24 and Evening Sunset at 17:48. It's Dark
Rough GPS position Latitude. 29.8118°, Longitude. -95.3531°
Weather near Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church Last report from HOUSTON/UNIV, null 15.2km awayTemperature: 18°C / 64°F
Wind: 0km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map of Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church and it's surroudings...
Geographic features & Photographs around Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church in Texas, United States
church a building for public Christian worship.
- Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church (0km)
- Triandus Baptist Church (0.3km)
- Mount Pilgrim Baptist Church (0.7km)
- Greater Faith Baptist Church (0.7km)
- New Hope Baptist Church (0.8km)
- Saint Patricks Church (1.2km)
- Zion Star Missionary Baptist Church (1.2km)
- Lindale Baptist Church (1.3km)
- Christ Way Missionary Baptist Church (1.7km)
- Saint Albans Episcopal Church (1.7km)
- Bethany Lutheran Church (1.7km)
- Seventh Day Adventist Church (1.9km)
- New Saint John Missionary Baptist Church (2.1km)
- Reid Memorial United Methodist Church (2.1km)
- Purelight Missionary Baptist Church (2.2km)
- New Mount Rose Baptist Church (2.2km)
- Saint Emanuel Baptist Church (2.3km)
- Pillar Rock Missionary Baptist Church (2.4km)
- Oakwood United Methodist Church (2.5km)
- Irvington Pentecostal Church (2.6km)
- Goodwill Baptist Church (2.6km)
- Cochran Street Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Mission Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Solid Rock Missionary Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Saint James Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Bethesda Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Galilea Pentecostal Church (2.8km)
- Peaceful Rest Baptist Church (2.8km)
- Christ Prison Fellowship Church (2.8km)
- Metropolitan Baptist Church (3km)
- New Birth Community Church (3km)
school building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Ryan School (2.2km)
- Ryan Elementary School (2.2km)
- Ross Elementary School (2.3km)
- Herrera Elementary School (2.3km)
- Betsy Ross School (2.3km)
- Jefferson Elementary School (2.3km)
- Thomas Jefferson School (2.4km)
- Barbara Jordan High School (2.4km)
- Looscan School (2.5km)
- Looscan Elementary School (2.5km)
- Theodore Roosevelt School (2.7km)
- Roosevelt Elementary School (2.7km)
- Bowie School (3km)
- Kashmere Gardens High School (3km)
- Bowie Elementary School (3.1km)
- McDade School (3.1km)
Local Feature A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Church of God in Christ (1.1km)
- Church True Deliverance Pentecostal (1.9km)
- Saints Chapel Church of God in Christ (2.2km)
- Kelley Street Incinerator (2.2km)
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (2.3km)
- Gulfgate Shopping Center (2.7km)
- Primitive Baptist Church Ephesus (3km)
trail a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles.
- Ryan Elementary SPARK Park Trail (2.2km)
- Ross Elementary SPARK Park Trail (2.3km)
- Herrera Elementary SPARK Park Trail (2.3km)
- Looscan Elementary SPARK Park Trail (2.5km)
- Roosevelt Elementary SPARK Park Trail (2.7km)
Accommodation around Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church
Scottish Inns Suites Eastex F 3676 Eastex Freeway, Houston
AMERICAS BEST VALUE INN 2536 NORTH FREEWAY, Houston
Western Inn Houston 1500 North Loop, Houston
airport a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
park an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Irvington Park (1.5km)
Wikipedia entries close to Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist Church
- Sam Houston High School (Houston) education
- Gulf Building tower landmark
- Wells Fargo Bank Plaza tower landmark
- Minute Maid Park sport landmark
- ArtCar Museum museum
- Toyota Center (Houston) sport landmark
- Robertson Stadium sport landmark
- Memorial Park, Houston, Texas city o city
- Houston Museum of Natural Science city o city
- The Orange Show landmark landmark
- Houston Zoo zoo landmark
- Greenway Plaza
- Rice Stadium sport landmark
- Compaq Center (Houston) sport landmark
- Jacinto City, Texas city o city
- Texas Medical Center city o city
Airports close to Greater Saint Lukes Missionary Baptist ChurchGeorge bush intcntl houston(IAH), Houston, Usa (24.8km)
William p hobby(HOU), Houston, Usa (26.3km)
Ellington fld(EFD), Houston, Usa (39.1km)
Montgomery co(CXO), Conroe, Usa (79.6km)
Scholes international at galveston(GLS), Galveston, Usa (102.6km)


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It's a mystery gift that remains a mystery. ;)
I'll ping Nick and let him know.
Type: Posts; User: ilovehayday
It's a mystery gift that remains a mystery. ;)
I'll ping Nick and let him know.
See the must read sticky at the top of this section :)
Both of these should help you get started. ^^
No one here on the forum can assist beyond directing you who to contact, as this is a players helping players forum.
Good luck. :)
Welcome to the forum ;)
No one here has your account details, so only Support can assist with your account. Keep trying with them.
If someone comments that is not related to your clan, this is okay but it is best to converse with them via PM from there to avoid bumping it more replying back and forth.
And note we do check...
Have you contacted Support in-game?
And no, you should be able to make purchases regardless of level. The game doesn't stop being free.
Hope you can get back to playing again.
Welcome to the forum :)
All posts need to be in English. Please re-post in English or include an English translation.
I think it's time we close this up now.
Please refer to this: https://clashofclans.com/blog/news/supercell-games-discontinued-in-vietnam.html
Is there a reason you can't instead play on a supported mobile device going forward?
I just finished The Heart's Invisible Furies by John Boyne. Highly recommend.
Welcome to the forum. :)
Please see this thread stickied at the top of the IFR section:...
All posts need to be in English, as per the rules. Please re-post in English or with an English translation.
Thanks :)
Contact Support, as no one here on this players-supporting-players forum can access your account info.
No one can assist with this issue here on the forum, as this is a players-helping-players forum. Contact Support: https://supercell.helpshift.com/a/clash-of-clans/?contact=1&p=web
Imagine how hard mastery was before the sanctuary. How'd we ever get through it? :o
You'll need to contact Support, as this is a players helping players forum and no one can access your game details.
Here's the webform:...
Just to note: I merged two threads into one and edited the title slightly. Wanted to have a one-stop thread for all things kik and possible alternatives.
This clan is prohibited from recruiting on this forum due to violation of forum rule 8.
If your NH is family, can someone promote you to leader again?
Almost finished with Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell. I had read The Diary of a Bookseller a few months back. Both are excellent, but I prefer Confessions of a Bookseller more.
You'll need to contact Support about this: https://supercell.helpshift.com/a/hay-day/?p=web&contact=1
No one here on the forum has access to your game details.
I removed the random number.
And welcome to the forum ;)
CR is no longer on this forum, so please go to site provided above.
Closed due to forum rule 8.


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KANESA's motto isn't misleading: "respect the traditions, always do your best to make the best miso »
Miso isn't only a traditional Japanese product but also one of the most popular and healthy foods in Japan.
Founded in 1875, Kanesa set up business in the Tsugaru region, Aomori Prefecture ( north of Japan), very rich in vegetation and a perfect region to produce miso.
The reputation of Kanesa products hasn't changed for more than 130 years : "delicious and good for your health".
In 1982, Kanesa obtained an international patent crowning its production method for freeze-dried miso known as "paramiso ".
Its unique freeze dry production method preserves the natural miso taste and has been awarded gold medals at the seven last prestigious "World Selection" events which groups into categories and crowns the World's finest foods.
Tsugaru Miso means miso from the Tsugaru region, in other words miso produced in the renowned Aomori Prefecture. It's a red miso made from soya and rice koji, fermented over a long period dictated by the hard Tsugaru region climate.
In the past this miso was characterised by a high salt level, more than 13%.
A more reasoned production method has made it possible to reduce this rate to around 11 %. The fermentation period is still long and the umami (" the fifth taste") very evident.
Kanesa freeze-dried miso soups are not ordinary instant miso soups .
The first instant miso soup, produced around 30 years ago, wasn't produced by miso specialists. The miso taste is generally hidden even non-existent.
Kanesa freeze-dried miso soup is recognizable by its strong miso smell and keeps its promise : natural miso smell, long in the mouth, umami.
It dissolves perfectly, preferably in a dashi stock or in water or any other stock. You can adjust the taste as you want it : light, balanced or strong. As it dissolves it can be used in the same way as an aromatic stock base for sauces.
It can be kept in good condition for long periods thanks to its airtight container.


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Discover More About How To Reduce Stomach Acid. Get All The Info Here.
Dr Husbands discusses low stomach acid, the underlying cause of common digestive problems, including GERD and indigestion. He also covers the misuse of antacids.
Gastroparesis: Causes and Effects. function poorly in long-standing diabetes. These changes affect the stomach, eroded over time by regurgitated stomach acid.
Improvements in diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels were similar in the two groups. But 31.8 percent of the people who received the sleeve procedure saw their acid reflux symptoms. severe obesity have the stomach.
Jul 3, 2014. For some of these risks, current FDA-approved PPI labels do not mention the adverse effect at all, including the potential for developing dependence on the drugs, which results in rebound hypersecretion of stomach acid and recurrence of symptoms after stopping PPI use. For other risks, even if mentioned,
Stops Acid Reflux is a remarkably effective old Amish formula that stops acid reflux in about 1 minute. Stops Acid Reflux contains a very balanced mixture of.
Jul 15, 2017. Diabetics are especially prone to acid reflux, aka heartburn. that burning sensation you get in your throat, after a meal, as stomach acid is regurgitated up into your mouth. But what really causes acid reflux and what is the best way to treat it? Heartburn usually kicks in when you lie down to sleep,
Have questions about what's causing your bellyache? Take a look at this information on stomach disorders. Find information on kids and adults.
"It's the best therapy for diabetes that we have today, and it's very low risk," said the study's lead author, Dr. John Dixon of Monash University Medical School in Melbourne. The patients had stomach. the role of fatty acids in the blood.
Oct 24, 2011. Michelle: Goodbye to wheat, goodbye to acid reflux, diabetes, headaches, gastrointestinal distress.. By Dr. Davis. My A1C was down to 5.7, and my doctor pronounced me out of danger of diabetes. I find that I have acid stomach with other things than just wheat–even beans get me nowadays. I find it.
While apple cider vinegar is helpful in keeping blood sugar levels balanced, its effect on the increased production of stomach acid can still put a strain on your.
Lack of regular shut eye is linked to a raised risk of depression, obesity, heart.
It is the main symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (Chronic Heartburn; Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease [GORD]; GERD; Reflux). by Debra. Exercising or strenuous activity immediately after eating; Lying down, bending over, or straining after eating; Pregnancy; Prior surgery for heartburn; Diabetes.
If you have GERD, there's a very strong chance its because of LOW stomach acid! The best way to confirm is to do so with the Betaine HCL supplements.
Low Stomach Acid (Hypochlorhydria) Symptoms. Low stomach acid is a digestive disorder in which there is a low level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition where stomach contents come back up into the esophagus resulting in either.
What does your acid reflux. Acid reflux happens when stomach acid backs up into. What does diabetes have to do with acid reflux? People with diabetes have.
Vegetarians and vegans take note, chia seeds are full of essential fatty acids of.
100% natural, guaranteed remedy heals gastritis fast. Testimonials!
Antacids don't know the difference between natural stomach hydrochloric acid and organic acids of fermentation from undigested food. Deficiency of normal acid leads to stagnation of organs like the gall bladder and the pancreas, causing diabetes and gallstones, and leads the way to all forms of degenerative disease.
Nursing Care Plan For Pediatric Gerd A cemetery might not seem the most appealing place to take a walk in Los Angeles, but Forest Lawn Memorial-Park Glendale. Death rates spike around the holiday. Which makes this a challenging time for adults who lose a parent. Information about gallstones (gallbladder stones) symptoms like abdominal pain after eating fatty or greasy meal. Learn
The best acid reducing foods are lean meats, low acid fruits, low fat foods, most vegetables and whole grains that make a great base for any acid reducing diet
When someone is affected by stomach problems such as bloating, heartburn, gas, and indigestion, the assumption is to take an antacid or other similar over-the-counter.
Sep 23, 2016. In diabetes patients, gastroparesis and stomach problems may be reduced with dietary changes. Symptoms of gastroparesis include heartburn, nausea, vomiting of undigested food, early fullness after a small meal, weight loss, bloating, loss of appetite, stomach spasms, acid reflux, and glucose levels.
It happens when the ring of the muscle between the stomach and esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, is weak and relaxed, allowing the content of the stomach to flow up into the food pipe. The main sign is burning in the lower chest area, neck and throat, also known as heartburn. You can have acid reflux from time to.
Dec 28, 2016. And my "adorably" burgeoning belly at 14 weeks pregnant (when this was written , two weeks ago) has recently been hit by a Tsunami of stomach acid. Acid Reflux from Hell, as I'd like to refer to it. (Diabetes was the least of my challenges this week, but let me tell you, I wasn't particularly inspired by this.
WebMD explains gastroparesis, a stomach problem associated with diabetes.
Jan 3, 2018. The treatment for GERD is complex and it involves the use of antacids to neutralize stomach acid, medications that keep acid production at a healthy level and diet changes. The treatment for type 2 diabetes is insulin therapy, diet changes, regular exercise and regular blood sugar monitoring.
Higher consumption of vegetable, fish, fruits, nuts and monosaturated fatty acids i.e. olive oil reduces mortality risk. and diverticular disease in addition to lowering.
Low stomach acid levels have been positively linked to numerous chronic diseases, such as celiac, gluten intolerance, asthma, diabetes, Addison's and Lupus, as well as food allergies, osteoporosis, leaky gut syndrome, and eczema. This is due to the.
"It's the best therapy for diabetes that we have today, and it's very low risk," said the study's lead author, Dr. John.
Many people have felt the sensation of heartburn, but what exactly is acid reflux? Acid reflux is the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus – the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This backward flow becomes.
Nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite are some of the most common problems in CKD cats. There are a variety of possible causes, and there may be more than one.
Aug 5, 2009. Whether you have heartburn (GERD), bloating with meals or symptoms commonly attributed to hypoglycemia, you may not know it but one of the most common causes for all of these conditions is a gastrointestinal disorder known as gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a Latin term for 'paralyzed stomach' and is.
Discover the relationship between heartburn, acid reflux, GERD, and diabetes. Is there any relationship between the two?
Jun 9, 2006. When symptoms are severe, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic called erythromycin to speed digestion, a drug commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting called metoclopramide to speed digestion and help relieve nausea, or other drugs to help regulate digestion or reduce stomach acid secretion.
But this is Diabetes Obesity and Acid Reflux Problems actually dangerous. They stay oblivious to the fact that regular exercise is necessary to keep the fat content in the body low. This method will not only help in reducing risk of diabetes but will also lower the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In this case, the stomach.
What is a hiatal hernia? A hiatal hernia is a condition that causes part of your stomach to bulge through the hiatus (small opening) in your diaphragm.
The stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas are three of the most important digestive organs in the human body. These organs work together to.
When it comes to gastric acid reflux, the bypass clearly shows better results. Morbid obesity and associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. where part of the stomach and small intestine is bypassed. Other.
Here you can read posts from all over the web from people who wrote about Diabetes and Low Stomach Acid, and check the relations between Diabetes and Low Stomach Acid
⭐| diabetes | ☀☀☀ ketosis stomach acid ☀☀☀. Why Do Not Click To Get it ketosis stomach acid,Is this what you are looking ?. Get started now!
Acid Reflux Cures In Infants Other Herbs: Herbal remedies like slippery elm, cancer bush, meadowsweet, catnip, angelica root, gentian root, and others are also eligible home remedies for acid reflux treatment. Yoghurt: Yogurt is also applicable for the treatment of acid flux. Dr. Angel explains the details for parents concerning acid reflux, gastric / gastroesophageal reflux and GER in babies
Learn more from WebMD about the anatomy of the stomach, along with illnesses that affect the stomach and tests to diagnose stomach problems.
Obesity Surgery Seen As Diabetes Cure – CHICAGO (AP) — A new study gives the strongest evidence yet that obesity surgery can cure diabetes. where gastric bypass surgery, or stomach stapling, predominates. Gastric bypass is even more effective against diabetes, achieving.
Many people with diabetes may also find that they have the additional issue of acid reflux. For some.
Diabetes and GERD: Are They Linked. GERD is a chronic condition in which the stomach acids and. I'm 58and have type 2 diabetes I have had acid reflux for.
Oct 10, 2017. Poorly controlled blood sugar can lead to neuropathy, increasing the risk for issues like acid reflux (GERD), gastroparesis, and diabetes enteroneuropathy.
Do You Have Enough HCL (Stomach Acid)?. Diabetes – elevated blood. (commonly thought to be due to too much stomach acid and if there isn't enough stomach.
Diabetes is a systemic disease that may affect many organ systems, Acid irritation of the stomach or esophagus leads to heartburn, indigestion,
Hypochlorhydria refers to a deficiency of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. This results in impaired digestion and a number of other effects on the.
A good number occur in the oral cavity, in the stomach and small intestine relatively few species. For example, some gut microbes benefit us by fermenting the.
Turns out lots of things in — and taken out of — the foods you eat can upset your guts and the trillions of microbes that live there, making you susceptible to a.
Sep 22, 2008. Gastroparesis doesn't sound good, and it isn't. Literally "stomach paralysis," it is a form of diabetic neuropathy, or nerve damage, that is a common complication of diabetes. The damaged nerve in question is the vagus nerve, named for its vagabond-like wandering nature. The vagus nerve meanders all the.
A healthy stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsin in response to ingestion of a meal or even a small amount of food. Autoimmune conditions, osteoporosis, rosacea, chronic allergy, chronic childhood eczema, eczema in adults, cholecystitis, psoriasis, chronic hives, angioedema, AIDS, type 2 diabetes, heart.


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Caramel Apples - Recipe
Everyone's favorite
treats...juicy apples covered in rich, creamy caramel. They're even better when sprinkled with chopped peanuts. Check our
apple chart
to find the type of apple you like best and then watch our
caramel apple step-by-step
view recipe online
Place caramels and water into a microwave safe bowl.
Microwave on medium for 2 1/2 to 3 minutes, stirring after one minute, or until caramels are melted and smooth.
If using the stovetop method, melt caramels with water in a medium sized saucepan over medium low heat, stirring constantly, until the caramels are completely melted.
Insert sticks into the stem end of the apples approximately 3/4 of the way through the apple.
While holding onto the popsicle stick, dip the apples into the caramel until completely covered. You may have to spoon the caramel to get it all the way onto the top of the apple.
Allow the excess caramel to drip from the apple over the bowl.
Using a knife, scrape the caramel from the bottom of the apple.
Set the apples onto a plate covered with a piece of wax paper that has been greased with butter. This will ensure that they apples don't stick.
Sprinkle with chopped peanuts, optional.
Refrigerate for at least one hour or until ready to serve.
Store in the refrigerator.
Prep Time:
15 minutes
Cook Time:
10 minutes
50 caramels or 1 (14 oz) package
1 tablespoon water - 2 tablespoons if using the stovetop method
5 large or 6 medium sized apples
5 or 6 popsicle sticks
1/2 cup chopped peanuts
Copyright 1999-2019 - Tecstra Systems Corporation/RecipeTips.com - All Rights Reserved


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An announcement from LIGO seems to be imminent… Confirmation or invalidation of a discovery? We will see but it may be time to pause a little
Tribute to Pierre BinétruyRead more »
A conference and a documentary in tribute to Pierre Binétruy
LISA Pathfinder wins American Astronautical Society 2017 awardRead more »
LISA Pathfinder mission has been honoured with the 2017 Space Technology Award of the American Astronautical Society (AAS).
Gravity changes used for early detection of earthquakes and determination of their magnitudeRead more »
Gravity changes used for early detection of earthquakes and determination of their magnitude
LIGO and Virgo make first detection of gravitational waves produced by colliding neutron starsRead more »
For the first time, scientists have directly detected gravitational waves (ripples in spacetime) in addition to light from the spectacular collision of two neutron stars. This marks
the first cosmic event being viewed in both gravitational waves and light.
Grant Pierre BinétruyRead more »
As many of you have expressed the wish to contribute somehow to the continuation of
LISAPathfinder exciting first results: green light for the LISA missionRead more »
The first results of the LISAPathfinder mission were presented this Tuesday June 7 in a
The discovery of gravitational wavesRead more »
Find in our folder Gravitational wave discovery a series of articles on gravitational waves and


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Rational Non-Linear Utility
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Utility is often thought of as an ordering system, in essence. To us utility will be a choice operator, indicating the reaction of the organism to the alternatives presented. This concept of utility can be applied not only to individuals but also to organizations or groups.
Research conducted by
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The Upper Transit/Laptop Bag for the Burley Travoy makes bike commuting a breeze by attaching it to the Travoy trailer.
The Lower Transit Bag for the Burley Travoy makes bike commuting a breeze by attaching it to the lower position of the Travoy trailer.
Market bags are perfect for shopping or weekend excursions.
Go shopping in style with the Lower Market Bag for the Burley Travoy. Market bags are perfect for shopping or weekend excursions.
Rain Cover for Travoy.
The Travoy Wheel Guards attach to the inside of the Travoy and prevents your cargo from contacting the wheels when your bags are full to the brim. The easy to install Wheel Guards allow the Travoy to maintain its easy to use functionality, while offering additional protection to any over-sized cargo. The durable all-weather design is built to last just as long your Travoy.
The Travoy shoulder strap kit is a replacement shoulder strap for Travoy Commute bags.
Take your Burley all over town with the 2-Wheel Stroller Kit.
Don't let your adventures be limited to the pavement. The 16+ Wheel Kit improves handling over snow, sand and gravel.
Perfect for cross country skiing or snow shoeing, the Ski Kit attaches to the wheel axle with a push button system.
This adjustable waistband and tow bar kit makes it easy to walk or hike with your Burley.
Take your furry friend all over town with the Tail Wagon Stroller Kit.
Soft and Snuggly. The Baby Snuggler™ keeps your littlest traveler secure when jogging or strolling.
The Bunting Bag keeps your little one warm so your routine doesn't change when the weather does.
The Premium Seat Pad provides cushioning with an adjustable headrest to keep your little one comfortable and supported.
The water-resistant Light Kit features a clip mount to install on your Burley trailer's light loop or bracket.
The One-Wheel Stroller Kit allows you to lock up your bike and stroll away.
Stay organized while you're on the go with the Burley Handlebar Console.


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Thank you for taking the time to read about our home remodeling company in Clancy, MT, Montana Home Improvement Pros. Our family-owned-and-operated home improvement company proudly puts many years of experience to work for you every day. We offer individualized service that is tailored to your specific needs.
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• Fully Licensed and Insured • Registered with the Department of Labor and Industry• Skilled and competent professionals
Montana Home Improvement Pros


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Possible solutions:
This means that your real account hasn't been activated yet. In order to activate your account for trading, a required minimum sum should be deposited to it . See Account Types for minimum deposit details. Demo accounts do not require activation. Contest accounts are activated automatically at the beginning of the contest.
Possible solutions:
It takes 2 hours for transfers to reach your trading account.
it takes 2 hours for a withdrawal to reach your Bank account
using the bank transfer instruction for your country you can transfer through:
All you would need to do to open a real SwissFS trading account is to click here Open an account and enter your information, sign and upload required documents such as Government Issued ID (national ID OR Passport)
to open a SwissFS demo account please click here Open a demo account where you will be able to open demo or even live accounts and manage all your SwissFS transactions.
SwissFS prides itself in providing traders with unmatchable services and support. Therefore we set the deposit limit to $500 (1,890 Riyal Saudi ) 3.78 as an exchange rate .
click here - fill out the form and E-mail it or fax it to us. Your withdrawal will be done as soon as we receive your signed request during working hours. It takes as little as 2 hours for the funds to show up in your bank account after the withdrawal is done
Deposit/Withdraw with zero commission


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As a member you can join the free dating, upload housing ads, write reviews and more.
If you forgot your account password you might need to reset it.
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1 in stock
Painting number 1 for the Paint Duluth Plein Aire festival! Pretty pleased with how it turned out…
Cardinal Lake is an original 11 x 14 oil on canvas. This painting comes framed and with a Certificate of Authenticity.
Each painting can either be picked up from the Atlanta area at no cost or can be shipped anywhere in the US for $30.


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Natural Relief
Herbal Supplements to help alleviate anxiety
By Maria Aragao
The American Psychological Association (APA) defines anxiety as "an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes like increased blood pressure." It affects millions of adults ages 18 and older in the United States every year. Personally, as a college student living in New York City, anxiety feels unavoidable.
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety in their lifetime. Often times, people are prescribed controlled substances in order to alleviate those feelings. Some will respond better to medication than others, but I discovered that I am not one of those people. This drove me to explore natural remedies to help reduce my anxiety.
Consulting with your doctor should be your first step. It is essential to understand what is best for your body. After doing some basic research I was able to find natural supplements, dietary alterations and exercise recommendations to help with anxiety.
I found it most helpful however, to personally seek information from nutritional supplement specialists. You can conveniently find specialists at A Matter of Health. There are two locations on 1st Avenue in the Upper East Side of Manhattan.
Choosing the right supplement for your body can depend on a number of personal factors such as your age, what foods you eat and any medical conditions you may have. Studies suggest answering the following questions before purchasing a supplement: What are the benefits? Does this have any risks? How much of this do I take? How long should I take it? Fortunately, A Matter of Health offers the assistance of specialists to aid you in making an informed decision.
A Matter of Health has a very large selection of products and though it can be overwhelming, do not let that discourage you. I simply asked, "I'm looking for a natural supplement to help reduce anxiety. What do you recommend?"
Here is what I found
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) or GABA-MAX
GABA is a neurotransmitter. As a supplement, it relieves anxiety, improves mood or sleep and reduces symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It has been shown to enhance GABA levels in the brain. After finding the appropriate dose, it can be mixed in any beverage.
L-Theanine is an amino acid found most commonly in tea leaves. It promotes relaxation without drowsiness- easing anxiety while reducing your resting heart rate.
Lemon Balm
Lemon balm is a natural anxiety remedy. Known for its calming and soothing properties, it may also help digestive issues and headaches. It is most commonly found in capsule form.
Although lavender is widely used in aromatherapy, it is also available in capsule form. It has been shown to improve mood while lessening anxiety.
5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)
5-HTP is a natural amino acid of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Low serotonin levels are associated with anxiety and depression. This supplement has been shown to increase serotonin levels, therefore reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Understanding and managing your anxiety is essential for living a healthier lifestyle. Most natural supplements are not monitored by the FDA the same way pharmaceutical medications are, and more serious forms of anxiety generally need medical treatment.
If you need help dealing with mild anxieties or stressors, natural supplements may be for you. The benefits of choosing to relieve anxiety naturally are worthwhile. Don't let stress get the best of you any longer!
Photos by Maria Aragao


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Clear surveillance video shows burglary suspect inside Tampa home
TAMPA, Fla. (FOX 13) - Home surveillance video captured a clear image of a burglary suspect, but the individual has yet to be found, according to the Tampa homeowner.
Jennifer Fontana tells FOX 13 that her home was burglarized on January 23, and her Ring surveillance system was rolling when it happened. She said the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office is investigating.
The stranger is seen inside the Tampa home, and quickly pacing throughout a room with a cell phone held to his ear. He also looked straight into the camera, with a cell phone in hand. Toward the end of the video, he walks up to the camera and turns it away from him.
However, enough was recorded to give a clear look at the suspect. It's unclear whether anything was stolen.
Anyone with information is asked to call the sheriff's office at 813-247-0442.


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Product Name: 8 x .181 in. Stainless Steel Cable Tie
Product #: SS8100
Manufacturer: NSI Industries
Unit of Measure: Hundred (100)
Our Price/Unit: $344.03
Quantity of Units/Case: 1
Minimum Quantity of Cases to Order: 1
These ties are made of stainless steel grade 304 and are ideally sutied for hazardous environments. Stainless steel ties are of a roller-ball design which is self-locking and are fast and easy to install.
Length: 8 in.


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All Wines
Feel free to browse through our entire wine list, but with around 250 to choose from, you'd probably need to set aside a whole evening. Much better to use the filters below, which allow you to sort the wines alphabetically or by price, or filter them by type, grape, country, style, price range or even the dishes you're planning to drink them with.
Remember also to check out our wonderful wine deals, which offer seasonal wines at VIP prices whether you're a member or not. Or browse our unique selection of fine wines from around the world. We hope the quality of our wines proves that great wines can be reasonably priced – if you know where to look.
Fratelli Ponte Barolo 2012, Piedmont
Buy 2 for £39.98 - fine Nebbiolo red wine for a song
Available to buy as a single bottle
Finely tuned and perfectly polished, this is a classic Barolo for a special occasion. Read More.
Regular Price: £25.50
Special Price £21.99
- ADD 2 - SAVE 10% - £19.99 a bottle
Fratelli Ponte Barbera d'Asti Superiore 2015, Piedmont
Balanced and ripe with an unmistakeable Italian swagger and style. Our new staff favourite. Read More.£13.49
Château Jérémie Corbières 2016, Languedoc
Classic, classy Corbières red; a chameleon at the dinner table, effortlessly going with whatever you're serving... Read More.£12.99
Saint-Cyr Réserve Carignan 2017, Côtes de Thau2 review(s)
Top 30 Best-Selling Red Wine
Bright cassis and plum flavours with a smooth, savoury finish.
Exclusive to Rude Wines. Read More.£8.99
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L'Expressió del Priorat 2017, Priorat
Available to buy as a single bottle
A brand new wine from bodegas Mas la Mola. It offers the structure of classic Priorat while being ready to drink young. Read More.£23.50
- ADD 2 - SAVE 28% - £16.99 a bottle


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How Long We Spend In Bed
We spend HALF OUR LIVES in bed??!!
March 22, 2019
A new survey found the average American spends 11 hours in bed each day, either sleeping or doing other stuff. And if you do the math, that means you'll spend a total of 36 YEARS of your life in bed.
Click Here to see more.


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When working on visual perceptual skills, placing body parts on Mr. Potato head can be a great tool. The real Mr. Potato Head is great for working on fine motor and visual perception, but sometimes you want a smaller and simpler activity.
Meet flat potato head. I made some potato head parts on the computer and printed them out on magnet paper. Copying a facial pattern can be more natural than copying shapes patterns. I have some other magnetic shape patterns that I made last year.
Here is the potato head parts to print out if you would like to play with the flat potato head too. You could also just print out the parts and have students cut them out and glue them together to make a potato head.
- Potato head printable
- Magnet paper (optional)
- Fine motor
- Visual perceptual
Have you seen these
Latest posts by Therapy Fun Zone (see all)
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- Token Board template - February 9,


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Loading Map....
Date(s) - 20/06/2019
8:00 pm - 11:00 pm
Brewers Arms
A Night indie (Psych, Shoegaze And Other Neat Stuff).
Freakverbration Has Made A Return In Ipswich Since Over A Year Ago. This Time At The Brewers Arms On Thursday 20th June.
Matt Catling (The Reverb and Freakscene Both On IO Radio) Will Be Dj-ing 3 Hours Of A lot Niche Stuff, Stuff That's Doesn't Appeal To The Masses Like pure Obscure .
Thursday 20th June
8pm to 11pm
The Brewers Arms – Ipswich
Free Entry


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Short sentence for marijuana-smuggling prison guard
A prison officer lost his job and freedom yesterday after admitting that he intended to smuggle 11 ounces of marijuana to "someone in the prison".
Antonio Harrison D. Cash, 27, of Doyle Street, was arrested after his superiors found the drugs on him during a search when he reported for duty on October 5.
Now Cash, an officer of two years, will serve three months in the same institution.
He will spend an additional three months if he fails to pay a $2,000 fine.
Cash pleaded guilty to a charge of marijuana possession with intent to supply at his arraignment before Acting Deputy Chief Magistrate Subusola Swain.
According to prosecutor Assistant Superintendent Clifford Daxon, police officers found the Indian hemp in Cash's sock when they searched him under suspicion of smuggling the drugs.
Cash was also expected to be charged with possession of amphetamine with intent to supply.
However, attorney Ian Cargill, who represented Cash, argued that the charge was not applicable, as Cash was in possession of Tylenol, an over-the-counter drug.
Swain asked the prosecution to confirm the substance, but Daxon was unable to do so.
The judge advised that the substance would be tested.
As Cash stood before the judge with his pregnant wife sitting in the gallery behind him, the court heard that the former prison officer was the provider for his family, had no previous criminal record, no matters before the court, and he had lost his job and benefits.
Cargill made the case that Cash had been punished enough and requested that he receive a non-custodial sentence.
He acknowledged that his client was "placed in a particular position" of authority, but asked the judge not to make an example of Cash and treat him like an ordinary citizen.
Cash's wife cried throughout the proceedings and at one point had to be escorted out of the courtroom.
She returned within minutes, but lost composure once again.
Additionally, Cargill asked that the former prison officer not be placed in the general population of the Department of Correctional Services, but Swain indicated that she had no control over that.
Outside the Nassau Street court complex following the sentencing, Cash's wife and relatives celebrated the short sentence.
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Obituary: Christopher Patrick Pyemont
Christopher Patrick Pyemont, affectionately known amongst friends, colleagues and past pupils as 'CP', sadly passed away, after a long battle with cancer, on Thursday 4 May.
He had a long, much respected, and influential career at Bede's Prep School (formerly St Bede's School). Joining the School in 1981, he immediately became admired as an inspirational mathematics and games teacher, renowned for his fun and enthusiasm. He was, himself, a 'Cambridge Blue' in cricket, hockey, skiing and rackets; he enjoyed all sports, was a keen member of the staff squash team, and represented Eastbourne Cricket Club for many successful seasons at Saffrons.
For several years, he ran the senior boys' boarding house at Holywell Mount, with his wife Pinkie, and it was one big happy family. Later on, they took over the girls' boarding house in Meads End. In 1998, after many successful years in the classroom, he took over the reins of headship from his brother, Mr Peter Pyemont. During his tenure, he oversaw the building of new science and IT blocks, as well as the initial plans for the new dining hall and the transformation of the Holywell building. He was always a welcoming and supportive figure to people of all walks of life, including the many individuals who were affected by the sudden closure of Newlands in 2006.
Having stood down as Headmaster in 2007, he continued to teach mathematics and games with compassion, humour and integrity. He retired from full time teaching in 2012, but continued to have strong links with the School, and once again joined forces with his brother, in delivering informative and entertaining talks around the country; to schools, clubs and societies, under the banner of 'Heads Talking'. This ensured that many more were enriched by his knowledge and passion for educating.
The number of heartfelt and sincere comments found on social media since his passing are testament to the profound influence he has had on many lives. Sadly he was caught out too early, yet, to quote an old boy, 'may we all play our innings as well as he did'.
A memorial service will be held at St Saviour's Church, Eastbourne, on Saturday 8 July, followed by a reception at Bede's Prep School.


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Dr. Denis S. Lowe is an outstanding Barbadian who has dedicated his life to serving his country. He spent 16 years in the USA where he completed his college and university education. The son of humble beginnings, Denis was taught the virtues of hard work at a very early age and continues to struggle for what he believes. Denis' life journey is a remarkable one which merits the admiration of many. Over the years he has demonstrated outstanding intellectual capability as is evidenced in the B.A. degree from God's Bible College and his Masters and Doctorate degrees from the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Lowe has taught at two major Universities in the USA, has been an executive and practitioner in the healthcare, human development and training fields, and has delivered hundreds of lectures and motivational speeches in the USA, Barbados and many of the Caribbean countries.
He is known for his ability to reach people where they are with a message of hope and personal resilience. As Minister of Environment and Drainage, Denis has pioneered initiatives such as the Smart Energy Fund, the passing of the Coastal Zone Management Act and the Marine Pollution Prevention Act along with several flood relief projects across the island. Some of his achievements within his constituency include sponsoring lessons for primary aged students, improving the housing lot, and creating play parks and open spaces within the constituency. Denis is a man of faith who believes in bringing people together around a shared cause.
He has a deep sense of duty and a vision of a brighter tomorrow for all. He is truly committed to fighting for the advancement of all Barbadians especially those of the constituency of Christ Church East, who he is seeking to continue to represent in the House of Parliament. He believes that VALUES TRULY MATTER and that honesty, integrity and truth must always be at the heart of national leadership.


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Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: If one does not retreat they swim tfjgether then suddenl erupt into a w-ater- throwing match like bathers at the seaside. Panduan Studi Burung Pantai Bab 1.
A species that no longer exists anywhere around the world. Under this Act it is illegal to release a feral animal in the wild. Auk In spite of the existence of an erosional surface between the Irdin Manha beds and the Arshanto beds in some places, the general characters of the two beds are quite similar.
Pada saat burung melakukan terbang berkelompok, mereka akan membentuk formasi terbang tertentu dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh daya aerodinamis kelompok, yang dapat membantu mereka untuk mendapatkan cara terbang yang paling efisien dan paling sedikit memerlukan tenaga dan enerji.
Jenis-jenis burung yang melakukan migrasi pada saat yang bersamaan. Similarly to inat least two nests were successful this year with at least four chicks fledging.
Cheetal Phylogenetic tree of haplotypes from cats sampled across domestic cat, European wildcat, Near Eastern wildcat, Central Asian wildcat, Southern African wildcat, Chinese desert cat and sand cat Driscoll et al Di Siberia, tempat dimana sebagian besar burung air berbiak, pada musim dingin selama 24 jam terus menerus malam dengan kondisi yang sangat dingin sampai — C dan nyaris tidak berpenghuni, sementara pada musim panas selama 24 jam terus menerus siang dengan suhu mencapai 25 0 C.
The longest of these, Q6, is due in part to the 1 month break in volunteers over Christmas and New Year, and also to a full review of all trees and data collection which has just been completed. We are left to make inferences about what is happening on those unknown islands from what is happening on the few we have studied.
The majority of waders including the common sandpiper, greater sandplover, grey plover and ruddy turnstone appear to use the front of the mangroves more often than the middle or back during a mid-tide. The Seychelles government keeps strict control over the trees in order to protect the genetic heritage of the islands and it is illegal to collect or sell unlicensed nuts.
Washington D. Research into more felid-specific toxins, cat attracting baits and lures and cat-specific toxin delivery systems may lead to the adoption of poisoning as the most widely used technique for the control or eradication of feral cats. Each measurement is retaken on subsequent visits.
Thus, rather than being ad hoc collections of animals exploiting resource-rich sites, these groups are structured and functional subpopulations of cats.
Washington, DC: C Canopy: Of the recognised environmental pests, only two both fish species have been formally declared as pests. Most important, the act bans the taking of any listed species within the United States and its territorial seas. One million acres alone vanished between and The contest is usually over in a few- seconds, after which one may re- treat, holly pursued by the other.
A species that is in immediate danger of extinction if the factors threatening it continue. D Deciduous: Nittinger, F. Gland, Switzerland: Melville, D.
Graphic Ark — www.Photo of Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) from Kingfisher Bay area, Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia.
Australian Bird photo gallery. Chapter 1 Overview - ancientmarinerslooe.com RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL LITERATURE, No. Sponsored by the American Ornithologists' Union, the British Ornithologists' Union, and Birds Australia Breeding biology and social behaviour of the eastern race of the Splendid Fairy-wren Malurus splendens melanotus.
local climate than nest of Foudia madagascariensisA.J.F.K.C. {B} {ROL.
GVI Seychelles Curieuse Island Conservation Expedition Scientific Report - Free download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read online for free. This report summarises the science programmes conducted by the Global Vision International (GVI) Seychelles, Island Conservation Expedition on Curieuse Island, between January and January Different threats, however, have more or less significance at different stages of the life cycle, and on breeding, staging and wintering sites.
In general, hunting is the most severe threat for the Western population, while habitat degradation is the greatest threat for the Eastern population.
Numenius madagascariensis. Critically Endangered. Description. Size cm. The largest migratory wader in Australia. Upper parts are sandy with darker streaks on head and neck.


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Are you in some serious need of new and uber cute makeup brushes? Well you know yours truly has all the details. We are bringing you another release of another fabulous collaboration.Read More »
Tag Archives: Disney
Release date: Besame Cosmetics x Disney Mickey Mouse Makeup Collection
Do you remember that our favorite Disney character is turning 90? That's right, if you didn't have a chance to read about it in one of our previous posts and the celebratory collection from Dose Cosmetics (which is out, by the way) you might be interested in this one.Read More »
Disney x Dose of Colors Mickey Mouse Collection Launch Date
Hey everyone! Have you heard of the new collaboration between Disney and Dose of Colors? If you haven't still don't worry. We have all of the information you need. The collaboration is in celebration of your favorite Disney character's birthday.Read More »


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Every day, thousands of people look for a new job. Meanwhile, recently graduated professionals and young ones hope to find their first opportunity to start a career and earn money. This process is not necessarily easy, and Peruvian market is not the exception.To start, you need to analyze the current market, and your specific professional area, to detect how many companies and vacancies exist related to certain knowledge, experience or skills. Make a list with them, and match the best options similar to your profile.Nowadays, technology offers advantages and modern tools to recruiters and applicants. Besides visiting companies or employment fairs, you can use online options to find a job in Peru. After some clicks, your resume will be available to be shared in those networks, and then have interviews (even through videoconference), without moving from your home.In general, websites have offers from many companies, which post vacancies through them. New positions are uploaded frequently.To be part of the network, usually you need to create a profile, and fill it with basic information: Education and courses, experience, skills, goals. Then, you can submit your resume to the offers or companies you want to work in. You can also set notifications to be sent directly to your email so you can track them.On Gestion.pe website, the editorial team created a list with the most popular sites to search for jobs in Peru.
- Aptitus
- Computrabajo
- Bumeran
- Indeed
- Mercado libre
- Buscojobs
- Netzun (It's focused in interships and junior jobs)
- Portaltrabajos


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Categories become groups when their similarities have social implications. We focus on reducing these emissions by enhancing efficiencies across our operations. And Chairman of Sri Hang Sdn. Evidence of this contribution is as a First President of Zambia he developed the foundations for modern Zambian education, science and technology.
Instead, our decision is based on two factors: For example, in an experiment [34]participants were asked to sort a number of groups into categories based on their own criteria. A community is born when its members reach a stage of "emptiness" or peace.
Alternatively contact us to discuss how we could arrange a dedicated training course for your organisation at a time, date and location to suit you.
This is called the black sheep effect. In the Robbers Cave ExperimentSherif used this strategy to reduce conflict between groups. In recognition of this leadership the Academic Council of the University recommends the above named receive the degree of Doctor of the University in Professional Vocational Education.
Nair has been awarded a Doctor of the University for his contribution to the leadership in the Engineering Education Industry in India. It is our priority that complete stability and conformity to the established system are maintained at all times.
These are truly basic needs and an organization which jeopardises these factors is irresponsible in the extreme. When group membership is below the comparison level for alternatives but above the comparison level, membership is satisfying but an individual will be unlikely to join.
Dr Mohammed Kari has been awarded a Doctor of the University from St Clements University for his contribution to the leadership of his community. A number of these models utilize a superordinate identity to reduce prejudice.
Excluding partners from events Someone deciding to drive away on the night three or four times over the legal limit and getting arrested or causing an accident. Methodology for solving organizational behaviour case studies Quantitative case study analysis Qualitative case study analysis Quantitative OB case analysis: The initial stages of this project, therefore, have involved educating local herdsman about sustainable grazing practices, ensuring that areas are grazed evenly, decreasing the risk of erosion.
We cannot accept responsibility for any liability which arises from the use of any of these free team building ideas or games - please see the disclaimer notice below.
Warren Weaver posited in two forms of complexity: The source of disorganized complexity is the large number of parts in the system of interest, and the lack of correlation between elements in the system.
Al-Soqour has been awarded the Doctor of the University for his role in marketing distance learning Arabic language programs in Jordan and latter pioneering distance learning in Iraq. They were reassessed and replacements identified based on the sustainability of their packaging and the biodegradable nature of their contents.
When you ask people commonly you'll have several suggestions which can be put together as a collection of experiences that people attend or participate in on a rotating basis during the day or the team-building event.
The mine, which is located in the extreme highlands of Lesotho and experiences extreme weather conditions, faces a unique challenge in that guidance on successful rehabilitation is scarce. Types of groups[ edit ] Groups can vary drastically from one another.
The mine constructs and equips the facilities, while the Lesotho Government supplies the staff to run them.Case study research is the most popular research method for researchers in industrial marketing. However despite a number of attempts the problem of satisfactorily justifying the use of case.
Intermediaries – case study A person (later arrested for drug trafficking) made a financial investment (life insurance) of USDby means of an insurance broker. as a school class or a specific social group), i.e.
the idiographic approach. Case studies or even a single organisation. A case study can involve dealing with quite a number of individuals, actually.
For example, a case study may involve The objective description of behaviour and its context ii. Details of the subjective aspect, such.
In an organizational context, groupthink and group behavior are important concepts as they determine the cohesiveness and coherence of the organizational culture and organizational communication.
For instance, unless the HRD function communicates the policies clearly and cogently, the employees. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the cancer research agency of WHO, has evaluated the carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat.
A Working Group of 22 experts from 10 countries convened by IARC classified the consumption of red meat as probably carcinogenic to humans and processed meat as carcinogenic to humans.
CASE STUDY ON GROUP BEHAVIOUR. Hindustan Lever Research Centre (HLRC) was set up in the year at Mumbai.
At that time the primary challenge was to find suitable alternatives to the edible oils and fats that were being used as raw materials for soaps.5/5(9).Download


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Intracranial implantation of GL261 cells into C57BL/6 mice produces malignant gliomas that recapitulate many of the hallmarks of human glioblastoma multiforme. We used GL261 cells stably expressing luciferase to allow us to use in vivo imaging to follow tumor progression. The surgery and 3D in vivo imaging are demonstrated.
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Abdelwahab, M. G., Sankar, T., Preul, M. C., Scheck, A. C. Intracranial Implantation with Subsequent 3D In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Murine Gliomas. J. Vis. Exp. (57), e3403, doi:10.3791/3403 (2011).
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The mouse glioma 261 (GL261) is recognized as an in vivo model system that recapitulates many of the features of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The cell line was originally induced by intracranial injection of 3-methyl-cholantrene into a C57BL/6 syngeneic mouse strain 1; therefore, immunologically competent C57BL/6 mice can be used. While we use GL261, the following protocol can be used for the implantation and monitoring of any intracranial mouse tumor model. GL261 cells were engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (GL261-luc). We also created the brighter GL261-luc2 cell line by stable transfection of the luc2 gene expressed from the CMV promoter. C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr mice (albino variant of C57BL/6) from the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD were used to eliminate the light attenuation caused by black skin and fur. With the use of albino C57BL/6 mice; in vivo imaging using the IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system is possible from the day of implantation (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA). The GL261-luc and GL261-luc2 cell lines showed the same in vivo behavior as the parental GL261 cells. Some of the shared histological features present in human GBMs and this mouse model include: tumor necrosis, pseudopalisades, neovascularization, invasion, hypercellularity, and inflammation 1.
Prior to implantation animals were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (5 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg), placed in a stereotactic apparatus and an incision was made with a scalpel over the cranial midline. A burrhole was made 0.1mm posterior to the bregma and 2.3mm to the right of the midline. A needle was inserted to a depth of 3mm and withdrawn 0.4mm to a depth of 2.6mm. Two μl of GL261-luc or GL261-luc2 cells (107 cells/ml) were infused over the course of 3 minutes. The burrhole was closed with bonewax and the incision was sutured.
Following stereotactic implantation the bioluminescent cells are detectable from the day of implantation and the tumor can be analyzed using the 3D image reconstruction feature of the IVIS Spectrum instrument. Animals receive a subcutaneous injection of 150μg luciferin /kg body weight 20 min prior to imaging. Tumor burden is quantified using mean tumor bioluminescence over time. Tumor-bearing mice were observed daily to assess morbidity and were euthanized when one or more of the following symptoms are present: lethargy, failure to ambulate, hunched posture, failure to groom, anorexia resulting in >10% loss of weight. Tumors were evident in all of the animals on necropsy.
1. Cell Culture
- The GL26 cell line was obtained from the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD. To facilitate a quantitative measurement of tumor growth rate GL261 cells were made bioluminescent using the Lentiphos HT System (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, CA) with the Lenti-X HT Packaging Mix (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.) and the FUW-GL plasmid (a generous gift from the laboratory of J.B. Rubin, MD, PhD). Cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with 10% tetracycline-free Fetal Calf Serum (FCS; Clontech Laboratories, Inc.). GL261 cells were also stably transfected with the gene encoding luc2 using the pGL4.51[luc2/CMV/Neo] vector (Promega Corp, Madison, WI) and FuGENE 6 Transfection Reagent (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN) following conditions specified by the manufacturer. The luc2 gene is a codon optimized version of firefly luciferase that provides a significantly higher light output than the standard luc gene. Stable transfectants were selected and maintained in DMEM media containing 10%FCS and 100 μg/ml Geneticin (G418, Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA).
- Prior to implantation the cultured cells are harvested by trypsinzation, washed once in DMEM without serum and resuspended in DMEM without serum at a concentration of 1 x 107 cells/ml.
2. Surgery Setup 2
- A sterile environment is maintained throughout the surgery, including all surgical instruments, supplies, gloves, drapes, etc..
- Ten week old C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr (albino C57BL/6) mice are purchased from the National Cancer Institute at Frederick Animal Production Program and used at an average weight of 20 grams (NCI, Frederick, MD).
- Animals are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (5 mg/kg), ketamine (50 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg). Toe pinch is done to ensure that the animal is adequately anesthetized before the surgery is begun. Movement (even if slight) of any part of the animal is an indication of a reduction in the level of anesthesia. Animal is immediately given an additional 3.3 mg/kg xylazine and 26.6 mg/kg ketamine. Body temperature is maintained using a lamp and sterile dressings covering the body.
- Once the animal is properly anesthetized, they are placed on the cushioned bed of the stereotactic headframe (Model 900 Small Animal Stereotaxic, David Kopf Instruments)[Figure 1].
- A small amount (1/4 inch) of AKWA Tears Opthalmic Lubricant Ointment is applied over the corneas.
- The animal is secured in the stereotactic frame by opening the animal's mouth (by placing your index finger and thumb around the animal's jaw) and sliding the top front teeth into the indentation in the stereotactic frame. The clamp is tightened to secure the animal's head into the headset making sure that the head is aligned and the eyes are centered, making sure however not to exert undue force on the animal's head.
- The O2 hose is taped down near the animal's nostrils. Oxygen flow rate is 0.5 l/min.
- The lower back and tail is taped down to the stereotactic bed being careful not to compromise respirations.
- The surgical incision site is shaved. Povidine-Iodine Swab Sticks are used to wash the area between the eyes going back to the area between the ears with iodine, making sure the iodine does not drip into the animal's eyes.
- The cells are prepared for implantation just prior to the surgery and are periodically mixed to ensure they don't settle.
- A 10 μl, 50 mm World Precision Instrument (WPI), Sarasota, FL, syringe with 26 gauge beveled needle is loaded with the cell inoculum. If the cells seem to be clumped together it may be necessary to reload the syringe.
- The 10 μl syringe is then placed into the UMP3-1 UltraMicroPump micro injector (WPI, Sarasota, FL).
3. Intracranial Implantation 2
- The skin incision is made using a size 15 scalpel blade and toothed forceps. A 10-15 mm incision is made longitudinally from between the animal's eyes, moving towards the animal's ears exposing the bregma (junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures at the top of the skull). Be sure to properly identify the bregma for it can be easily confused with the sinus area which is distal to the bregma [Figure 2].
- After the animal is sedated it receives an intra-incisional injection of 0.25% (2.5 mg/ml) bupivacaine.
- A burrhole is made 0.1 mm posterior to bregma and 2.3 mm to right of the midline by slowly twisting a 16 gauge 1½ inch needle by hand, applying little pressure to the needle while twisting until the skull is penetrated and the brain is exposed.
- The syringe needle is moved down into position using the microdrive stereotactic syringe holder until it just touches the brain's surface. From this position, the needle is advanced into the brain to a depth of 3 mm and kept in place for 3 minutes.
- The needle is withdrawn .4 mm to a total depth of 2.6 mm below the surface of the brain, creating a small pocket where the cells are to be infused. It is optional at this point to take an X-ray image of the needle in the animal to ensure proper placement and depth.
- The cell suspension is infused over 3 minutes using the micro injector set to a volume of 2000 nL (2 μL) with an infusion rate of 667 nL/minute.
- The needle is left in place for 2 minutes to prevent leakage from the site of infusion.
- The needle is slowly withdrawn completely.
- The burrhole is filled with bone wax using a Penfield dissector.
- The incision is sutured using a 4-0 (1.5 Metric) vicryl suture making sure no large gaps are left in the skin. Vicryl is a suture material that dissolves, and therefore sutures do not need to be removed when the incision is healed.
- After surgery the animals are placed in a cage under a heating lamp that is set at the height required to warm the bottom surface of the cage to 30°C. When the animals are fully awake (as judged by normal movement in the cage) they are returned to group housing. Oral ibuprofen is added to their drinking water for 5 days post-operatively. 100 mg of children's ibuprofen (100mg/5ml) is added to a standard 473 ml rodent water bottle. Animals are observed daily and imaged and weighed every 3 days. Two weeks post-implantation observation is increased to twice per day. Animals are euthanized when they show signs of declining health which includes hunched posture, reduced mobility and visible body weight loss (≥20%). These symptoms are a published response to the tumor and they reproducibly appear approximately 1 day prior to death due to the tumor.
4. In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging 3
- Start the [Living Image] software.
- The IVIS Imaging System is Initialized by clicking the [Initialize IVIS System] button on the bottom right side of the control panel.
- Select the [Luminescent] Imaging Mode on the top left side of the control panel.
- To determine the optimal time of imaging after luciferin injection a kinetic study is necessary [Figure 3]. This description is for firefly luciferase;
- Inject 10μl/g body weight of D-luciferin firefly (15mg/ml in PBS; Caliper Life Sciences Catalog XR-1001 or a similar product from another vendor) into the animal, as described below.
- Wait 3 minutes, and then anesthetize the mouse by placing it into the gas anesthesia chamber (2% Isoflurane gas in O2).
- Turn off the gas anesthesia to the chamber and open the anesthesia valve and the vacuum to the IVIS manifold. Immediately place the sedated animal on the temperature controlled imaging platform, making sure the mouse's nostril is properly placed in the gas anesthesia manifold. The first image should be taken approximately 5 minutes after the luciferin injection. Up to 5 animals can be imaged at one time in the IVIS Spectrum instrument. If less than 5 animals are to be imaged, it is possible to plug the unused manifold(s) to conserve on isoflurane gas.
- Continue to take images every 3 minutes by creating a sequence for up to an hour to generate a kinetic curve for luciferin expression.
- Click on the [Sequence Setup] button in the control panel.
- The sequence editor appears.
- In the control panel, specify the settings for the first bioluminescent image in the sequence.
- We recommend starting with Medium Binning.
- We also recommend Auto-Exposure to determine the optimal exposure time.
- Select the [Delay] button in the sequence editor and specify a delay time of 3 minutes between each acquisition.
- Click [Add] in the sequence editor. Acquisition parameters are then added to the table.
- Repeat step 4 for each image in the sequence.
- Once the curve is established, the optimal imaging time can be determined by plotting the signal strength (intensity) versus time. Image animals at the time of highest in vivo photon count to get the strongest and most accurate signal.
- Early experiments used intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of luciferin, however, i.p. injections occasionally resulted in intermittent results showing little to no bioluminescence in the tumor. We hypothesized that the occasional random lack of signal was due to the delivery of the luciferin to the bowel or other internal organs. We therefore began to use subcutaneous (s.c.) luciferin injections and saw greater imaging reproducibility [Figure 3].
- Twenty minutes after s.c. injection, the animals are anesthetized by placing them in a chamber with 2% Isoflurane gas in O2 until they are unresponsive.
- The anesthetized animal(s) are moved to the imaging chamber. Ophthalmic ointment should be used for the kinetic study because of the length of imaging. It is not needed for the other imaging procedures because they are short in duration.
- The image is acquired at medium binning with a 5 minute exposure time. The auto acquisition option may also be used.
- If the signal is saturated and/or faint at medium binning, binning or exposure time can be adjusted.
- The program files and subsequent image comments are saved in the user's computer directory.
5. 3D Imaging 3
- Click on the [Imaging Wizard] tab in the [Sequence Setup] window of the control panel.
- Select the [Bioluminescence] imaging mode on the Imaging Wizard start screen and click [Next].
- In the "Bioluminescence - DLIT" window of the imaging wizard, select the [Firefly] reporter probe. The emission / excitation of the selected firefly source spectrum will appear with the six corresponding filter selections to be acquired.
- The last screen will appear with default choices that include Auto exposure acquisition parameters and a of Field of View C. Default settings work very well; however, these settings can be modified if necessary.
- Click [Next] and the sequence editor window will be populated with the sequence of six spectral regions at 20 nm wide filters (560 nm, 580 nm, 600nm, 620 nm, 640 nm, and 660nm). Press [Acquire Sequence]. The first filter (560 nm) will include a structured light pattern using a laser galvanometer to establish surface topography.
- Select the [Surface Topography] tab in the Tool Palette. Surface smoothing can be applied to account for any sharp angles created during the reconstruction process. The default low smoothing is recommended.
- Click [Create] and the tomography analysis box will appear. Draw a crop box that includes the entire animal and then click [Next].
- The threshold tool will appear as a purple mask over the selected region. The mask should automatically be set to match the photograph of the animal. If necessary, adjust the threshold of the mask to more appropriately fit the outline of the animal.
- Click [Finish] and the reconstructed mesh will appear. The reconstruction can then be saved in the results tab.
- Following the creation of the animal's surface topography, proceed to the [DLIT 3D Reconstruction] drop down on the Tool Palette.
- Under the [Analyze] tab select all six wavelengths to perform the reconstruction. Deselect images that yielded saturated pixels or counts below 600. Leave settings in the [Parameters] tab as default.
- Under the [Properties] tab, "Muscle" should be listed as the default choice for Tissue Properties, and "Firefly" should be listed as the source spectrum.
- Click [Reconstruct] under the Analyze tab, and the 3D reconstruction of the animal's surface and the corresponding reconstruction of the signal source should appear [Figure 4].
- To determine signal location and intensity, select the Voxels button on the 3D Tools tab of the Tool Palette.
- Draw a square around all displayed voxels and the total flux measurements is shown in the bottom of the volume tab.
- Click on [Center of Mass] to identify the signal location of the selected voxels. Coronal, sagittal and transaxial slices of the animal will appear and using the [Measurement Cursor Display] the distance from the animal's surface to the voxel center can be measured.
- Please refer to the Living Image Software User's Manual for further information on co-registration of organ atlases and other advanced features.
6. Data Analysis 3
- After the image is acquired and saved, access the program file by clicking the [Browse] button and selecting the file.
- The image information can be found under [View] → [Image Information].
- The intensity of the signal can be quantified by selecting the Region Of Interest (ROI) [ROI Tools] button. Make sure the image is analyzed under the [Photon] mode by selecting "Photon" on the drop-down list on the top left corner of the image control panel.
- Select the [Measurement ROI] button from the "Type" drop-down list. Select the ROI shape of interest; options include Circle, Square, and or Grid. Cover all areas of intensity on the acquired image.
- The ROI position is set by dragging the ROI shape selection to the region containing the bioluminescent signal.
- The signal intensity of the ROI is computed by clicking the [Measure] button. The ROI label displays the intensity. ROI's can be managed and saved using the Living Image software.
7. Representative Results:
Successful cell implantation is evident when implanted cells are detectable using the IVIS spectrum on the day of surgery. Both GL261-luc and GL261-luc2 cells are detectable, however, the luc2 gene will provide a higher level of bioluminescence [Figure 5]. Images taken soon after implantation may have non-specific signaling on the animal's paws and nose which should be disregarded as background. Signal located at the site of implantation is real and the signal will increase with time [Figure 6]. The decline in signal intensity on day 6 is reproducible and most likely due to loss of tumor take by some of the implanted cells. Quantitative measurements of tumor burden are reproducible in that they should rise steadily until the animal ultimately succumbs to the disease. However, growth curves will largely depend on the state of implanted cells, and or unavoidable minor variability in the implantation procedure. Our laboratory has elected to image implanted animals every three days.
Figure 1. After the mouse is properly anesthetized, it is placed in the stereotactic frame. The mouse head is secured using the mouth clamp.
Figure 2. After the skin is opened the main anatomical landmarks are identified including include the bregma, the coronal and sagittal sutures. The burrhole is made 2.3mm to the right of the bregma by slowly twisting a 16 gauge 1½ inch needle with a small amount of pressure until the skull is penetrated and the brain is exposed.
Figure 3. A kinetic comparison of subcutaneous () versus intraperitoneal () luciferin injection was performed to demonstrate the utility of a subcutaneous luciferin injection and to identify the optimal time to image following luciferin administration. Three minutes after the luciferin was injected the mouse was sedated, placed in the IVIS Spectrum instrument and imaged every 3 minutes for up to an hour and every 6 minutes after that to generate a kinetic curve of bioluminescence. This demonstrated that a subcutaneous route of luciferin administration was superior to an intraperitoneal injection in our hands, and that the optimal time to image the animals was approximately 25 minutes following the luciferin injection when GL261-luc cells were used.
Figure 4. Multiple views of a 3-Dimensional reconstruction of the intracranial implantation of GL261-luc2 cells co-registered with the mouse skeleton and brain.
Figure 5. Photon counts obtained from tumors resulting from GL261-luc cells vs GL261-luc2 cells. Results are an average of 5 animals.
Figure 6. Graph of GL261-luc tumor cell growth in an albino C57BL/6 mouse. Bioluminescence was measured every 3 days and plotted as in vivo photon count versus days post-implantation. Photographs show bioluminescence at various time points. Coloration is an indication of bioluminescence (pixel intensity) which is relative to tumor cell number (color bar is shown to the right). After the animal succumbed to the disease the brain was dissected and luciferin was added topically to obtain the ex vivo image shown in the figure inset.
The cell inoculum is infused at a depth of 2.6 mm from the surface of the brain after creating a 0.4 mm pocket. To ensure proper placement and depth of needle an X-ray can be taken using a C-Arm or similar X-ray image intensifying device; however, this is optional. Complications of the surgery may arise if the animal is not properly sedated, at which point the animal may move during cell infusion. This can cause leakage of cell mix or bleeding from needle track. Leakage of cells causes ectopic growth of tumor cells. It is also important not to puncture the ventricle which can be done if the burrhole is made medial to the 2.3 mm described in the protocol 4. Proper placement of the needle and cell spread was tested by infusing a mouse with 2 µl methylene blue dye and dissecting the brain tissue to check the location of the infused dye.
In this protocol we have used the IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system and the Living Image software (v 4.0) designed for use with this instrument. (Caliper Life Sciences). Any comparable in vivo imaging system and image analysis tools can be used to obtain similar results. These systems provide some advantages over traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to follow the growth of an experimental intracranial tumor. The most obvious is the relative costs of the 2 instruments – animal MRI machines are far more expensive and typically require the services of a skilled MRI technician. In vivo imaging such as what was described here can be done by the end user. The bioluminescence data is quantitative, while quantitation of MRI data is time-consuming and somewhat inexact. Furthermore, MRI images show edema and inflammation in addition to tumor cells and it can be difficult to separate tumor from treatment effect. For these reasons obtaining accurate volumetric measurements of growing tumor can be a challenge. Bioluminescence requires ATP, therefore only living tumor cells contribute to the tumor size data. Despite this, there are some advantages to MRI if a machine is available. Cells do not have to be labeled with a bioluminescent marker to be visualized by MRI. The ability to visualize peri-tumoral edema may be an advantage for some experimental protocols. A strength of both technologies is that using one does not preclude the use of the other, so data can be obtained on the growth of the tumor as well as the presence of peri-tumoral edema and inflammation from the same animal when both technologies are available to the researcher.
Free Access to this article is sponsored by Caliper Life Sciences.
We would like to acknowledge Dr. Joshua B. Rubin for the generous gift of the plasmids for the lentivirus system as well as Mahil Rao for helpful suggestion on the preparation of the GL261-luc cells.
We thank Students Supporting Brain Tumor Research (SSBTR), The Barrow Neurological Foundation and The Wallace Foundation for their generous support.
Experiments on animals were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center.
|Catalog Number
|GL261-luc2 Bioware Ultra
|Caliper Life Sciences
|Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)
|Geneticin (G418)
|GIBCO, by Life Technologies
|Fetal Calf Serum (FCS)
|Phospate Buffered Saline (PBS)
|C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr Mice
|National Cancer Institute
|AKWA Tears Lubricant Opthalmic Ointment
|Akorn Inc
|Ketaset (ketamine hydrochloride)
|Wyeth Animal Health
|Sedazine (xylazine hydrochloride)
|Wyeth Animal Health
|Small Animal Stereotaxic Instrument
|Kopf Instruments
|UltraMicroPump with SYS-Micro4 Controller
|World Precision Instruments, Inc.
|If not available, it is possible to infuse manually
|10μl syringe with 26 gauge beveled needle
|World Precision Instruments, Inc.
|Adison Forceps
|World Precision Instruments, Inc.
|Penfield Dissector
|16g 1½ Precision Glide Needle
|BD Biosciences
|Surgical Blade Handle
|BD Biosciences
|Size 15 Blade
|BD Biosciences
|4-0 Vicryl Suture
|Ethicon Inc.
|Bone Wax
|Medline Industries
|Povidine-Iodine Swab Sticks
|Medline Industries
|D-Luciferin Potassium Salt
|Caliper Life Sciences
|Forane (Isoflurane)
|Baxter Internationl Inc.
|OPMI Pentero Microscope
|Carl Zeiss, Inc.
|Any surgical microscope will suffice
|Xenogen IVIS Spectrum with optional anesthesia system
|Caliper Life Sciences
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- Stafford, P., Abdelwahab, M. G., do, K. im, Preul, Y., Rho, M. C., M, J., Scheck, A. C. The ketogenic diet reverses gene expression patterns and redudes reactive oxygen species levels when used as an adjuvant therapy for glioma. Nutr Metab. 7, (2010).
- Caliper Life Sciences, Inc. Living Image Software Version 4.0. VivoVision Systems. (2010).
- Paxinos, G. The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 2nd Ed, Academic Press. (2001).
- Jouanneau, E., Poujol, D., Gulia, S., Le, M. I., Blay, J. Y., Belin, M. F. Dendritic cells are essential for priming but inefficient for boosting antitumour immune response in an orthotopic murine glioma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 55, 254-267 (2006).
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The Church in the Middle East
Under the Empires
This is the church of Saint Jacob of Nisibis, a Syrian Orthodox church in Nusaybin, Turkey, in Mesopotamia. Photo credit: Gareth Hughes, Wikimedia, Public Domain. Jacob (died c.338 or c.350 AD) was the second bishop of Nisibis, appointed in 309 AD. Jacob organized the building of this church in 313 - 320 AD. He was a signatory to the Council of Nicaea in 325, founded the theological School of Nisibis modeled after the School of Antioch, and taught the great poet-theologian Ephrem the Syrian, among others. All this anchored the Syrian-speaking church in its Trinitarian expressions in communion with her Greek and Latin-speaking counterparts, and emphasized Jesus healing human nature as atonement.
Starting in 337 AD, the Persian Empire expelled Christians from its border region with the Roman Empire, out of fears that the Christians would side with the Christian Roman Emperors. Christians continued to be a minority religion in the Persian and Arab Empires, and in the modern Middle East. Ephrem the Syrian re-established the School in Edessa, where it operated from 363 - 489 AD, but fell under Nestorian leadership. When Byzantine Roman Emperor Zeno ordered it closed in 489 AD, Nestorians re-established the School at Nisibis for a time. They fled persecution by the Byzantine Christians by resettling at Gondishapur, in the Persian Empire. They established the Academy of Gondishapur, and taught theology, philosophy, medicine, and science. Gondishapur became the intellectual center of the Sassanid Persian Empire, and drew scholars from India and China.
the church in the middle east: under the empires
The selection of perspectives on church history in this section has been guided by three factors: (1) to demonstrate that Christianity has not been a "white man's religion"; (2) the study of empire as a recurring motif in Scripture by recent biblical studies scholars; and (3) explorations of biblical Christian ethics on issues of power and polity, to understand how Christians were faithful to Christ or not. Christian relational ethics continues a Christian theological anthropology that began with reflection on the human nature of Jesus, and the human experience of biblical Israel.


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