text:
Professor Barry Spur from the University of Sydney, a contributor to the national English curriculum review, is facing calls to step down after a new website published emails from him laced with derogatory, sexist and racist terms.
The Professor of Poetry used words like "bogans", "fatsoes", "Mussies", "darky" and "Chinky-poos", as well as referring to Prime Minister Tony Abbott as an "Abo-lover".
The emails refer to Nelson Mandela as a "darkie" and Nobel Peace Prize winner Reverend Desmond Tutu as a "witch doctor" and the University of Sydney chancellor Belinda Hutchinson as "an appalling minx". Women are also derided as "whores" and a sexual assault victim is described as a "worthless slut".
Professor Spurr says it was done in jest, and was part of "a whimsical linguistic game" he had for many years with a colleague "trying to outdo one another in extreme statements".
"These statements are not reflections of my views or his," he said.
Professor Spurr has called for less emphasis on the teaching of Aboriginal studies in schools and a greater focus on western Judeo-Christian culture.
Online news site New Matilda published the emails yesterday.
New Matilda's editor, Chris Graham told The ABC the emails, which date back as far two years ago, were sent to other academics and officials of the university and were littered with "extreme hate-speech".
Labor says his actions have "tainted" the English curriculum review. Others are calling for him to be dismissed.
Education minister Christopher Pyne said it was a matter for the Professor, but added that denigrating a minority was "repugnant", while The University of Sydney said it was "deeply disturbed" by the emails and investigating the matter.
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What is SEMrush? Semrush Pros And Cons
SEMrush is an Internet advertising and competitive intelligence Suite of SEO tools you may use in marketing to get top ranking results on search engines. Founded by marketers and designed for marketers, SEMrush has grown from a startup in 2008 to a recognized worldwide brand encouraging 20,000 partners, 3 Million consumers, and over 8.3 Billion keywords worldwide. SEMrush is your best-in-class service provider when it comes To marketing and comparative competitive intelligence. Of course the term SEMrush means the same thing as relative and competitive intelligence. Semrush Pros And Cons
Characteristics of the programs
Are you a freelancer or a startup, developing or little An agency with an extensive presence or an established brand that requires a customized marketing solution for your company, marketing agency? Well search no more, because from only $99.95 to 399.95 USD a month, SEMrush has bundles and plans designed for the size of business.
Furthermore, annual subscriptions can be made by you for your Online advertising and competitive intelligence services, which may help you save up to $800! For the monthly subscriptions though, SEMrush has 4 main price plans, namely:
1. SEMrush Pro Strategy:
Designed for in-house marketers, start-ups and freelancers With a low budget, this, $99.95/month plan, is the most elementary plan which provides you with access to 28 innovative tools and features to boost your marketing. It will only cost you $999.40 to get a yearly subscription. By the On-Page SEO Checker into Organic Traffic Insights, from PPC Keyword Tool into Ad Builder and other features and tools, this plan gives you more than enough resources and features to give you an edge over your competitors. While letting, this plan gives you 3,000 daily reports You to use 5 endeavors, track 500 key words, crawl 100,000 pages and monitor 50 media profiles. Enabling you to run your SEO, PPC (pay-per-click ) campaigns and Social Media Marketing for your business, this strategy provides you the'spying' possibility you'll need by supplying you with in-depth analysis and information concerning your competitor's resources of visitors, social networking outcomes, along with other applicable marketing-related information.
2. SEMrush Guru Plan:
At $199.95 USD per month, this plan is suitable for small And growing businesses and advertising and marketing agencies. You have the option of paying 1,999.40 upfront to get an annual subscription. Aside from getting all of the tools and features the Pro plan comprises, the Guru plan includes Historical data, reports that are trackable and elongated limits as well. This plan supplies you with 5,000 daily reports along with a total of 50 projects, 1,500 key words to monitor, 300,000 pages to crawl along with the capacity to track 100 Social Media profiles.
3. SEMrush Business Plan:
This program is designed for agencies, E-commerce projects, and Businesses with a comprehensive web presence. Price at $399.95 USD per month or $3,999.95 to get a yearly subscription, it provides you 10,000 reports per day whilst at the same time providing you with a total of 200 Projects, 5,000 keywords to monitor, 1,000,000 pages to crawl and the capacity to track 300 Social Media profiles.
4. SEMrush Enterprise Plan:
Designed for companies and brands that require and Marketing and competitive intelligence solutions is available upon request. This program enables its users to extend their limits and make jobs, unlimited monitoring, unlimited pages and boundless social networking submitting and tracking apart from allowing its users to get daily reports and API access. Semrush Pros And Cons
Pros and Cons of using SEMrush
1. Access to Tools That Boost Your ROI For Paid Promotion:
Aside from SEMrush being simple to use, it Provides you Access to research tools which throw any guesswork out of the window. Through the SEMrush Keyword study, Keyword Magic Tool and Keyword Difficulty tools, you can use the SEMrush recommendations to increase your ROI.
2. Site Audits and Keyword Research: SEMrush comes in handy When you need to check and compare the health status of your website'SEO-wise' alongside your competitors' websites too. SEMrush also has tips on emerging and upcoming key words and no equal when it comes to present keyword monitoring.
3. All-Under-One-Roof Tools: Whether it's SEO or articles Advertising, keyword research Ad building, Multi-targeting and Social Media tracking and posting, you name it, SEMrush has it all under one roof allowing some other business and a freelancer to maximize their advertising and competitive intelligence objectives.
4. Access to Actionable Data and Insight: With more than 3 Million users worldwide who research 130 million and through 800 million keywords domain names in the SEMrush database, SEMrush possesses a treasure trove of data that marketers and SEO specialists can use to generate valuable insight and create SEO and online marketing strategies.
5. Get into The Top of Search Engines Pages: Using a regularly Database of over 10 Million keywords sourced worldwide, SEMrush is to make sure your website rankings and gets to the peak of the search engines results pages.
6. Simple to Understand Reports: Together with many agencies serving Customers, most of whom might not be SEO-savvy, SEMrush goes a very long way in ensuring the daily report that SEMrush provides to them are user-friendly and free.
1. Prohibitive Price: If only it were possible to get the SEMrush tools and attributes under one roof at a cost.
2. Keyword Access & Management: It could be sifting Through attempting to find specific key words Million keywords that the SEMrush database retains and updates.
3. No Customized Branded Reports:
SEO advertising agencies and specialists that deliver regular Reports to their customers may desire to have the reports branded with their graphics. SEMrush doesn't allow this at the moment.
Would I urge SEMrush for your advertising and competitive intelligence?
It's not as simple. The search engine of the way Google gets better with each Search query on its site, SEMrush has gotten better with each key word used, every page crawled and each Social Media profile captured. Because it takes time, engineering and enormous capacity to Be able to crawl and create the kind of online data that a firm like SEMrush creates, I would recommend that if choosing your online advertising or competitive intelligence partner, ask yourself these questions:
1. Have they been tried and tested?
2. Perhaps they delivered in companies?
To Assist You answer the questions over, SEMrush has not only Been proven and tested by everyone including that SEO man you know from next door, but it has also delivered incredible results to established brands that the likes of Amazon, Forbes, HP, Deloitte, eBay etc.. As a matter of fact, Booking.com consistently gets a #1 position on Google one of 17 million results, thanks to SEMrush! That's not to say that using SEMrush will guarantee your Success, however you can be sure that having a online marketing and Competitive intelligence spouse will exponentially improve your likelihood of success. Semrush Pros And Cons

subset: commoncrawl


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XXY FOCUS : Ostwald Helgason SS14
XXY FOCUS : Ostwald Helgason SS14
"The clothes shown are characterised by a buoyant jubilance that inspires a 'celebration of happiness.'"
It is well known that artist Jeff Koons is the subject of sharply divided criticisms in the art world. Whether you love his works or think they have hardly any artistic values, it's undeniable that his giant sculptures of balloon animals never fail to bring a smile to anyone's face.
Much like Koon's creations, the vibe at the Ostwald Helgason presentation is one of cheer; the clothes shown are characterised by a buoyant jubilance that inspires a "celebration of happiness", as explained by the label's duo, Ingvar Helgason and Susanne Ostwald. Fuelling this is the central motif of the collection, a balloon sculpture doggy which brings to mind Jeff Koons' works, peppered on many of the pieces.
Curiously though, the designers said that "Koons did not inspire them", but rather the artist, Sean O'Malley who's a toy-maker from the 70s was their key muse. It's not clear whether this is true or if it's a tongue-in-cheek jab at Koons; O'Malley being a real influence is questionable since an account of his work is almost non-existent online. Whichever the case, the graphics work well with the label's youthful energy and rich, saturated colours.
There are some standout pieces, such as, the pleated skirts and light knits. The separates splashed with bold botanical prints – a trend that never seems to wither – are highly wearable yet with a charm of their own, even if we have seen a myriad of floral prints these past few seasons. Most notably, this collection marks Ostwald Helgason's first collaboration with Aldo for their Rise line to create shoes and bags – a union which makes perfect sense when you see the label's graphic blocking and upbeat colour combinations work so well on Aldo's modern structural shapes.
Text: Sean Tan Kwok Siong
Images courtesy of Style.com


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Lewis Hamilton has revealed he spoke to Mercedes team chairman Niki Lauda earlier this week.
F1 legend Lauda has been in intensive care for over two months following a lung transplant.
"He called me two days ago. I was shocked to hear from him," Hamilton told Austria's O3 radio.
"I said 'You sound younger than ever'. He's very determined to come back and grateful to the doctors for their good work and to his wife," the championship leader added.
"He said he should be released from intensive care soon and then I can visit him. For sure I'll be in Vienna before the end of the season," Hamilton added.
"We miss him here in the team but we have his spirit at the races with us."body check tags ::


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More than 3,200 managers leaving Wollongong for work each day
Wollongong has a white collar problem.
Mining and manufacturing jobs have declined substantially, but those who have forgone their parents' black stained collar for a crisp white one aren't finding it much easier.
About 14,100 white-collar workers commute from Wollongong each day to find better-paid work in their field - more than 62 per cent of commuters. Among these are more than 3,270 who describe themselves as specialist managers, representing 14 per cent of commuters and a significant drain on talent in Wollongong.
Meanwhile, 59 per cent of University of Wollongong graduates leave after their degree.
It's created a "talent ceiling" for white-collar workers who want opportunities.
Illawarra Business Chamber executive director Adam Zarth, who was involved in drafting the economic development strategy, said he was "strongly in favour" of the 10,500 jobs target.reality
"The reality is we're growing low-paid casualised jobs in the Illawarra ... and we're not growing [permanent] jobs in step with population growth in the Illawarra," he said.
"There's a lack of mobility. Anyone who's worked in Wollongong knows there's a lack of mobility when it comes to executive and sought-after jobs.
"We can go in two directions - we can become a stagnant economy - essentially a commuter base to feed greater Sydney - or we as a community can insist we want a discrete economy in Wollongong and in the Illawarra, and we support council and others to take measure to develop it."
Daily 8,291 blue-collar workers commute, just over a third of the total, with tradespeople and machinery operators including drivers the largest groups.


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DT's Clauberg: TIP, TeraStream & NFV
Deutsche Telekom's Axel Clauberg discusses the impact of the Telecom Infra Project (TIP) on network technology R&D, the latest update on the German operator's TeraStream next-gen pan-European network initiative and the challenges of NFV deployment.
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NETSCOUT Success Story: NFV/Cloud Network Readiness Reduce CAPEX and OPEX NETSCOUT Article: Is Your Information Close Enough to the Edge? NETSCOUT Whitepaper: Assuring Application Agility in Multi-Cloud Environments Smart Data Provides the Missing Link for Operators Digital Transformation The Pivotal Role of Service Assurance Systems in NFV/SDN Environments
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The life of a Tesla Model 3 has been cut tragically short after a slamming into a Mercedes-Benz C-Class.
The dashcam footage below was shared on Reddit and shows the grey Model 3 cruising along the road. The owner of the Tesla admits that he was doing slightly over the 40 mph (64 km/h) speed limit, though we can't see how he could have avoided hitting the Merc even if he was within the limit.
While approaching an intersection, a W211-generation C-Class driving in the opposite direction made a left turn directly in front of the Model 3. Despite the quick reflexes of the Tesla driver, it was impossible for them to stop in time and the electric sedan ended up slamming into the rear passenger side of the Mercedes.
On Reddit, the Tesla driver notes that there was a pedestrian crossing the road in front of the C-Class and that the Mercedes driver slowed in the middle of the intersection to allow the pedestrian to cross. However, he/she appeared to be totally unaware of the Tesla that was coming their way.
Pictures of the two cars after the crash reveal that they received surprisingly little damage. In fact, the only obvious signs of damage on the Tesla are a smashed front bumper and hood – and, of course, the airbags that deployed.
However, the Tesla owner has confirmed that the electric sedan was deemed to be totaled and the insurance of the Mercedes driver paid out the full price of a new Model 3. Thus, the whole incident ended up setting the Tesla driver back about $200.


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- Price$2,000,000
- Beds4
- Baths4
- Parking3
- Square Feet3,382
- Built2006
- HOA Fees$2,144
- Taxes$34,536
100 3rd Ave S #1902, Minneapolis
Beautifully updated with classic design on the 19th floor of the sought after Carlyle. Incredible panoramic views of both the river and city. Open floor plan with walls of windows, gourmet kitchen with high end kitchen appliances, two fireplaces, two master suites, two private balconies and lots of storage. Three parking spaces including a private garage. The Carlyle offers some of the most spectacular amenities with 24hr concierge, hot tub, rooftop pool, state of the art fitness center and spa, wine cellar and more! Excellent downtown location!
Essential Information
- Price$2,000,000
- Bedrooms4
- Bathrooms4.00
- Full Baths1
- Half Baths1
- Square Footage3,382
- Year Built2006
- TypeResidential
- Sub-Type(CC) High Rise (4+ Levels)
- Style(CC) High Rise (4+ Levels)
- StatusActive
- Taxes$34,536
- Hoa Fees$2,144
- AmenitiesDeck, Natural Woodwork, Kitchen Center Island, Hardwood Floors, Ceiling Fan(s), Tiled Floors, French Doors, Walk-In Closet, Master BR Walk-In Closet, Main Floor Master Bedroom, Washer/Dryer Hookup, Panoramic View, City View, Paneled Doors
- # of Garages3
- GaragesHeated Garage, Underground Garage, Assigned, Garage Door Opener, Secured
- ViewPanoramic, River, City Lights
- WaterfrontRiver View
- Has PoolYes
- PoolBelow Ground, Outdoor, Heated, Shared
- ExteriorBrick/Stone
- ConstructionPreviously Owned
- Foundation3382
Additional Information
- Date ListedApril 11th, 2019
- Days on Market189
- ZoningResidential-Multi-Family
Community Information
- Unit Number1902
- Address100 3rd Ave S
- AreaDowntown West
- SubdivisionCic 1380 The Carlyle
- CityMinneapolis
- CountyHennepin
- StateMN
- Zip Code55401
- AppliancesRange, Microwave, Dishwasher, Refrigerator, Washer, Dryer, Disposal, Exhaust Fan/Hood, Air-To-Air Exchanger, Furnace Humidifier
- HeatingForced Air
- CoolingCentral
- FireplaceYes
- # of Fireplaces2
- FireplacesGas Burning, Master Bedroom, Family Room
School Information
- District1 - Minneapolis
Listing Details
- Listing OfficeLakes Sotheby's International Realty
MLS #5149636 is a 3382 Sq. Ft. Residential listing, located at Unit 1902 - 100 3rd Ave S in Minneapolis, MN. The property features 4 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms.


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A new level of exclusivity is coming to live streaming. Twitch has announced a new feature that allows streamers to enable broadcasts that only subscribed members can access. It's called Subscriber Streams.
On Twitch, anyone with an account can follow a streamer. This allows them to be notified of when they go live and for quick access via the "following" page. For people who want to show additional support for a streamer, they can Subscribe to them. This special option costs the user $5 a month, which goes toward the streamer themselves as a form of financial support.
Essentially, Subscriber Streams are live broadcasts hidden behind a paywall. Anyone who is not a subscriber will be shown a short preview of the stream before being cut off.
Not just anyone can run a Subscriber Stream. Twitch has a few restrictions in place for the feature. Only streamers with affiliate or partner status can run one of these streams. They also must have at least 90 unique live stream days and must be 90 unique streams away from their last Community Guidelines violation.
Not everyone is happy with this idea. Many found this to be counter-intuitive with cultivating a healthy community in favor of a more monetizable one. The decision will be in the hands of the streamer, at least.
And yes, Twitch Prime subs count.


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Loot Gaming Galaga Pin
Loot Gaming Galaga Pin
"This Galaga pin is based on the actual in-game ship sprite and it has a nice golden finish so you can be all "Pew! Pew! Pew!" but fancy. Add it to your collection so everyone knows you're basically an astronaut. "
Description comes directly from Loot Gaming.
Product is from "OFFWORLD" Loot Gaming crate (December 2018).
sold out


text:
UK university > The University Of Buckingham courses > Business Enterprise
Business Enterprise is a full time course taught by The University Of Buckingham in the UK. The course is 2 Year Full Time Degree course, which usually starts in January. Business Enterprise is usually quoted as BSC/BUSENT in The University Of Buckingham.
Course Summary:
Course Name: Business Enterprise
Provider: The University Of Buckingham
Course Code: N190
Provider Code: B90
Intake: January
Duration: 2 Year Full Time Degree
Field: BSC/BUSENT
You need to use UCAS when you apply to Business Enterprise. The course code is N190 and provider's code is B90. For more information about Business Enterprise, please contact the provider The University Of Buckingham directly at 01280 820313. For similar courses to Business Enterprise, please find out at Study Business Enterprise in the UK..
Other courses offered by The University Of Buckingham:


text:
Tops & Tees
Top Product Reviews
Women's Mama Bear Long Sleeve Crew Neck Elbow Patch Top
October 16, 2019
So my shirt didn't come with elbow patches like it claims which is fine because I ordered in the hopes that it wouldn't after reading all of the reviews. I sized up 2 sizes and it fits but I was going for a baggier look and I guess I should have sized up 1 more. Over all it fits but size up at least 1 size, more if you want to be able to layer. The material is thicker than I thought it would be so that's a plus. Over all I like it.
Women's Licensed Pete The Cat Tees. Plus size Available.
October 15, 2019
I love Pete the Cat and was so excited to see this t-shirt at a reasonable price. I have not yet washed and worn it. It seems big, so am hoping it will shrink some. The sizes given seem off. I usually wear a medium, but given the guidance, I chose a large. Hope this was not a mistake.
Venley Women's Unfinished Hem Long Sleeve Tee with Thumbholes
May 9, 2019
Omg I absolutely love these shirts! They are so comfortable and go perfectly with leggings. I got them in almost every color!
Leo Rosi Women's Kendra Knit Top. Plus Sizes Available.
October 14, 2019
Glad I purchased these sweaters, got one in Blue and Burgundy, very comfortable and fits well. I normally don't order clothes online due to how they fit but it was a match for me. Highly recommend
Leo Rosi Women's Mama Bear Lightweight Top. Plus Sizes Available.
October 10, 2019
Super soft & comfortable! Easily one of my favorite tops...I'm glad the weather is cooling down so I can wear it again! I've lost some weight since I bought it so I might just have to get a smaller one now since this was a really good price for a quality item!


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Clinical observation of valsartan combined with amlodipine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension
LI Xin-xin;
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of valsartan combined with amlodipine besylate in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension.Methods 150 cases of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes,randomly divided into amlodipine besylate group,valsartan group and combined group,50 cases in each group.Amlodipine besylate group received 5mg/d of amlodipine besylate,valsartan group received valsartan 80mg/d,combined group received valsartan 80mg/d and 5mg/d of amlodipine besylate.8 weeks for 1 course of treatment and three groups of clinical curative effect were compared.Results The total effective rate in combination group was significantly higher than the other two groups.SBP and DBP in combined group decreased more obviously.Urinary albumin excretion rate was significantly lower than the other two groups.Conclusion Amlodipine combined with valsartan in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with hypertension had significant efficacy and less adverse reaction.It could significantly reduce the damage of target organs and be worthy of promotion.
【CateGory Index】: R544.1
CAJViewer7.0 supports all the CNKI file formats; AdobeReader only supports the PDF format.
|【Secondary Citations】


text:
Day Trip: Sierra City
Take a break from summer heat in this cool mountain town
Why go in summer: A cool pine forest laced with bracing-cold streams sounds just right.
Never heard of Sierra City? Most don't make it farther up State 49 than Downieville. But the few who do wind 12 more miles up the canyon find a tiny mining town where afternoon highs aren't so high and an old-fashioned slowness mellows out the mood.
Population: 225
Hands needed to count the restaurants: 1
The town's crown: The towering, craggy Sierra Buttes.
Pile your plate high: With ribs, salmon, and peach cobbler at Big Springs Gardens' Friday and Saturday BBQs, set in manicured gardens beneath tall pines (Jun 11–Aug 28; from $37; book early; 530/862-1333).
Talk about a backyard … Sierra City is the gateway to legendarily beautiful Lakes Basin—an idyllic cluster of high-country lakes joined by foot trails through fields of wildflowers—and its hard-to-book lodges.


text:
Change, Part II./
Setbacks happen. Extreme example: A heart attack. Imagine saying, "Wow, a new experience!" With delight. Which was once the response of a monk in Myanmar, just before he died. No expectations nor confidence shattered. Intimate with the moment. Only curious as to what unfolds, even death.
We relate to our world through change. But how present are we for what is occurring? The experience of earth even when negative? A customer account cancels. A supply chain corrupts. Becomings and endings. Meeting what is takes practice. Small steps. Learning to flow concurrent with the moment. Leaning into the intimacy of change. No self-referencing, reactive. Observing.
I begin to have choices. I can trust myself to find reference points as I need them for an appropriate response, to flow with tension, sensing, noting.
The tension of possibility, negative OR positive. Curiosity for what is, so it can open into making things better. Not easy. Yet this is what makes me effective with the impact I seek. Changes the way I think about creating change. Brings ease. Possibly: Pure joy in learning, contributing amid contradictions. Losses happen, inevitably. There'll be setbacks. Delighted curiosity can ride these changes into much greater success.
Hafiz writes about a mime standing upon a gallows for a crime he did not commit. He describes how the mime removes his heart from his body: "...for an extraordinary moment, it looked like someone was giving birth to Love again." And then:
"The great breeze comes by. The sun and moon
join hands; they bow so gracefully
that for a moment, for a moment everyone
knows that Joy is real. "
For me, at times, it's like welcoming a calm beyond the noise. A knowing that in meeting what is I also meet that I am enough, right here in the moment. We are enough. It's like tasting the silence that allows non-silence to play its grand drama of change. Joy is real.
Tyler Cowen from the remarkable podcast Conversations with Tyler asks his guests: "What is it you do to train that is comparable to a pianist practicing scales?"
How will you train in meeting what is?
For the full poem by Hafiz, click here.


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You should be native mandarin person. Before to hire you we will check your native skills. If you are covering our requirements this will be only first test job from a big set of documents. There is a sample document and you need to create and renew it with the detailed instructions of the project.
I have this beautiful designs that I will like to place on t shirts but needs someone to bring it to life
I currently have an Android app that is intended to be used by our Field Engineers but it doesn't quite work as expected. The App works with an existing API and uses Bearer token authentication; it's fully documented with Postman. I need to add the following: - Ability to work Offline (save data locally and sync when possible). - Adjusted QR Code Reader. - Add Validation to a form that...
I need an existing website rebuilt. I need you to design a website for my small business.
I need someone to create a logo for my brand. I would like the logo to be a black envelope with a green American $100 bill coming out of it. Simple and cartoon look.
HI, We are looking for a FREELANCER that can extract content from a PDF files. The files are entirely written in English . We want to have 100% accurate result. very easy and simple
Searching for article author. Applications are received through the link. Each application will be evaluated. For application: [登录来查看链接]
I need some changes to an existing website. I already have a design, I just need you to build a website for my small business.
my site needs to be completed my competitor [登录来查看链接] i want my site to have am using ultimate member plugin i need users to be able to submit listing once aproved it will apear on the site also using ulitmate member woo comerce plugin i have an active subscription on [登录来查看链接] i can provide you any lugin you need but i wnt my current theme retain lowest bid wins.
Applications are received through the link. Each application will be evaluated. For application: [登录来查看链接]


text:
As an industry whose focus is on building, it might be expected that firms working in the UK construction sector would be swift to boost end-of-year accounts from existing activities, particularly those that don't need additional expenditure. However, tax credits for research and development activity carried out by the sector are not being used. In the previous tax year, the construction sector registered just 0.2% of successful claims to HMRC, with an estimated £2,450 million in potential tax credits going unclaimed.
Yet R&D tax credits can be hugely beneficial to companies operating in the construction sector, and a lucrative incentive in an industry for which the average profit margin is just 2.5%. Claiming back the available R&D tax credits can even take a construction company's end-of-year bottom line from a minus to a plus – according to estimates by the tax advisory firm Smith & Williamson, profit-making firms claiming available tax credits on R&D can increase the benefit by up to 25%. For loss-making organisations, 33% of the cost of that investment can be claimed back.
According to HMRC, "R&D takes place when a company seeks to advance a field of science or technology through the resolution of scientific or technological uncertainty". This uncertainty is limited to the company, except in areas in which solutions are widely known. The test to determine "uncertainty" is an objective one – if a competent professional working in the field can easily solve a problem, then this would not meet the uncertainty threshold. If there is an employee attempting to find a technical solution to a construction project – either gaining new knowledge or creating something new and improved – then this qualifies as R&D, and can be claimed for. There is no requirement for a project to be successful to be eligible – provided that the R&D was carried out in genuine spirit of enquiry.
There are three main schemes currently in place under which UK-registered companies can claim against R&D activities carried out throughout the respective tax year:
The first is the Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC) scheme. Under this a taxable credit can be claimed at 12% of qualifying R&D expenditure, offset against tax liability (or for companies with no Corporation Tax liabilities, either payable in cash or offset against other duties due). For loss making companies the tax credit is fully payable against expenditure.
While the RDEC scheme is typically used by larger companies, smaller companies often take up the similar SME R&D tax credits scheme, due to its more generous tax rate. For profit-making SMEs, tax relief can be reclaimed at 130% on qualifying R&D expenditure. For those making losses, these can be surrendered in return for a payable tax credit of 14.5%. In terms of claimable R&D expenditure, neither RDEC nor SME credits can be claimed for items or services which customers pay for directly. However, items and services purchased for commercial purposes– for example, software licences – and outsourced R&D projects are claimable.
The third scheme is that of R&D Capital Allowances (RDAs), whichoffer a 100% deduction on expenditure on assets, processes, materials or services used for R&D. This is usually used for claims on equipment, machinery and other new or refurbished assets used for R&D. However, RDAs can also be claimed on expenditure on premises or facilities for carrying out R&D – this can include building, extending, refurbishing, and sometimes purchasing property in which R&D activities take place.
As well as the immediate benefits, R&D claims can offer improved returns across the whole construction supply chain. Since claiming R&D tax relief is conducted retrospectively, construction operators have not typically built R&D activity or claims into project processes. However, if R&D relief could be estimated progressively – as all other elements of a construction process are projected, prepared and budgeted for – as part of the tender process, future challenges could be calculated, a greater value to the contracting firm could be realised, and the tender bid could be made more competitive as a result.
Such improved returns could result in a compounded benefit effect for firms across the construction sector, many of which may be tempted to increase R&D spend in order to develop and/or improve on additional innovations. If the sector's current spend average of 0.65% of turnover on R&D were to be increased to the national UK average of 1.7% or beyond, there could be significant returns. As Smith & Williamson calculate, at the current 2.5% profit rate estimated by the construction sector, an increase in R&D intensity to between 2-4% of annual turnover could lead to further gains from tax benefit alone. For example, a firm with a turnover of around £50 million could generate between £10-20 million from successful claims on R&D activity. At the opposite end of the scale, a company currently making an annual turnover of £1 billion would need to increase turnover by between £88-175 million in order to achieve the same result as claiming the R&D activity back in the form of tax credit.
The benefits of increasing R&D claims are therefore considerable, representing a major – and as yet, unclaimed – opportunity for the construction sector. To advise and answer questions from construction professionals on how to claim a larger return on their R&D activities, we will be hosting a webinar from 11am on Tuesday 5 February. To attend this webinar, please sign up at: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/4035467553819473165


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Event Staff
- Recruiter
- Berry Recruitment
- Location
- Stoke-on-Trent
- Salary
- 7.00 - 8.78 GBP Hourly
- Posted
- 05 Mar 2019
- Closes
- 27 Mar 2019
- Job Type
- Experienced, non-manager
- Contract Type
- Permanent
Would you like to earn money alongside your other commitments? Would you like to work with a fun team of staff or even alongside your friends and family at exciting events and venues in your local area?
We are looking to expand our established team!
Berry Catering are recruiting staff ideally with transport to work with our clients in the hospitality industry across Staffordshire with immediate starts available!
We are offering the opportunity to work within an experienced team environment at Sports Stadium, Racecourses, Hotels, Restaurants and at various events including festivals, concerts and weddings.
We are able to work with you to work around your other commitments & alongside this you will be working at fun and varied events which our current team!
Driving license and own transport is ideal due to the locations of events, mileage will be paid to drivers and excellent pay rates available! However we do provide transport for no drivers.
All work is paid at an hourly rate and paid is weekly.
We ask that you commit to working at least one weekend shift per week- unless booked off in advance. We do have midweek work also available and we would ask staff to be as flexible as possible.
Experience in plate waiting, bar and restaurant service is advantageous but not essential. We are also looking to increase our back of house kitchen teams if that is more suited to you? We regularly promote outstanding staff members into more senior roles
Please contact our Stafford Office for more information


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Lemon juice is suitable for lovers of sour. It invigorates, refreshes, gives energy. Lemon juice is useful not only for weight loss, but also for the whole body.
Lemon juice is not obtained in a juicer, but manually. Squeeze juice out of lemon, then dilute with water and drink. Water takes a lot more than the juice itself. This is due to the fact that lemon juice is very sour and, under certain conditions, can harm the body.
How to take lemon juice for weight loss?
There are several ways to use lemon juice for weight loss:
- All known water with lemon in the morning on an empty stomach. To prepare it, a glass of water squeezes out the juice of half of the lemons and drinks half an hour before breakfast. Such a drink pleasantly invigorates, gives energy. Water with lemon with regular use helps to lose weight by 1 kg per week. The fact is that water, entering the body, fills the stomach, so the next meal (if it will be less than 30 minutes) a person eats a lot less food. Lemon juice also increases blood sugar levels, so the feeling of a wild head disappears.
also read How to lose weight – Juices will help to lose weight?
- Drink on lemon peels. Drink lemons on crusts or zest is also popular. For its preparation, a 1.5-liter jug is poured, and zest or chopped rind of three lemons are added to it. This drink is suitable for fasting day, as well as a substitute for ordinary water.
- Lemon drink with honey. For those to whom lemon juice seems unbearably sour, it was invented to be diluted with honey. Just imagine: the beneficial properties of lemon and purified water in combination with the most valuable product – honey. This is not just a drink for weight loss. This is a drink for the rejuvenation, cleansing and restoring the body. It is taken for detoxification.
Lemon juice is not recommended for people with liver, pancreas, kidney, gastritis, ulcer, pancreatitis.


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Remaster your preparations for death.
While Nintendo owners will have to wait a bit longer to get their hands on Dark Souls Remastered, the good news for everyone else is that they can still play the game next month, when it launches on May 25. And in case you needed more convincing that this touch-up of the beloved From Software RPG is worth buying, there is a brand new gameplay trailer for it out that you can see for yourself below.
If you like what you see, digital pre-orders for the game are also available now on Xbox Live, PSN, and Steam. On Steam, if you own the original, you can get this remaster for half off. Additionally, starting May 8, the original Dark Souls will be delisted from Steam, and the remaster will be the only version available to buy. That said, if you have already bought the original, you can re-download it from Steam at will without having to worry about it.
Dark Souls Remastered launches on the PS4, Xbox One, and PC, with a Nintendo Switch release planned for later in the year.
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Although canola oil appears to be good for the cardiovascular system, two Harvard studies have raised concerns that ALA might be bad for the prostate. In 1993, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study of 47,781 men published a major evaluation of dietary fat and prostate cancer. It found that saturated fat from animal sources such as red meat and whole-fat dairy products was linked to a 2.6-fold increase in prostate cancer. But the study also provided some disquieting news about ALA: Men who consumed the most ALA were 3.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than those who had the lowest dietary intake.
Eating healthy is important for a woman's body and mind. But what does eating healthy mean? On the internet, in books and journals, there is a wealth of nutrition information at your fingertips. Important dietary needs include carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, and vitamins and minerals. Having a balanced diet and physical activity plan can help keep you ready for class demands and activities on campus. To get the basics on nutritional needs, visit the websites listed below. Please note, every body has different nutrient needs. The major nutrients benefiting women's health are listed on this page.
For this comprehensive narrative review, we evaluated both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions. Nutrition-specific approaches are those that address the immediate determinants of nutrition (e.g., food and nutrient intake, diet-related practices and behaviors, disease, etc.), whereas nutrition-sensitive approaches are those that address the underlying determinants of nutrition (e.g., food security, access to resources, safe and hygienic environments, adequate health services, etc.) (5, 12). We evaluated the following nutrition-specific interventions described by Bhutta et al. (13, 14): nutrition counseling and education, micronutrient supplementation and fortification, protein and energy supplementation, and lipid-based supplementation. We also included the following nutrition-sensitive approaches described by Ruel and Alderman (5) and Bhutta et al. (14): health care; family planning; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); empowerment; income-generation; education; and social protection. For each intervention, we 1) described the scale and coverage of the intervention, when available; 2) summarized the evidence of effectiveness for women's health and nutrition outcomes; and 3) described and evaluated the target population and delivery platforms, as described in the published articles and as summarized in Table 1. The delivery of interventions included the physical platforms, as well as the adherence and the implementation challenges of the different interventions.
There has been an international effort to reduce this practice, and in many countries eighteen is the legal age of marriage. Organizations with campaigns to end child marriage include the United Nations[97] and its agencies, such as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,[98] UNFPA,[99] UNICEF[91][93] and WHO.[95] Like many global issues affecting women's health, poverty and gender inequality are root causes, and any campaign to change cultural attitudes has to address these.[100] Child marriage is the subject of international conventions and agreements such as The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979) (article 16)[101] and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[102] and in 2014 a summit conference (Girl Summit) co-hosted by UNICEF and the UK was held in London (see illustration) to address this issue together with FGM/C.[103][104] Later that same year the General Assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution, which inter alia[105]
While the rates of the leading causes of death, cardiovascular disease, cancer and lung disease, are similar in women and men, women have different experiences. Lung cancer has overtaken all other types of cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in women, followed by breast cancer, colorectal, ovarian, uterine and cervical cancers. While smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, amongst nonsmoking women the risk of developing cancer is three times greater than amongst nonsmoking men. Despite this, breast cancer remains the commonest cancer in women in developed countries, and is one of the more important chronic diseases of women, while cervical cancer remains one of the commonest cancers in developing countries, associated with human papilloma virus (HPV), an important sexually transmitted disease. HPV vaccine together with screening offers the promise of controlling these diseases. Other important health issues for women include cardiovascular disease, depression, dementia, osteoporosis and anemia. A major impediment to advancing women's health has been their underrepresentation in research studies, an inequity being addressed in the United States and other western nations by the establishment of centers of excellence in women's health research and large scale clinical trials such as the Women's Health Initiative.
Income-generation interventions largely target adult women (women of reproductive age, women with young children, and older women). Many microfinance and loan programs are targeted to women because of their likelihood to pay back the loans, although women with lower education levels and smaller businesses do not benefit to the same degree as women who are educated or who have bigger businesses (165). There was limited evidence of such interventions targeting adolescent girls (169). In order to understand the potential impact of income-generating activities on adolescents, more information is needed about the pathways by which adolescents contribute to their own food security, the degree to which they rely on their caregivers to meet their nutritional needs, and how those dynamics change with the age of adolescents (169). Training, workshops, and extension activities were often delivered through community centers, community groups, and financial institutions (165). Other affiliated interventions, such as agricultural extension and nutrition education, were provided at the community level and at home visits (160, 173). These delivery platforms were effective at reaching women, including low-income women, particularly when they engaged with existing community groups (e.g., self-help, farmers', and women's groups) (160, 161, 167, 169, 172, 173).
It has not been scientifically established that large amounts of vitamins and minerals or dietary supplements help prevent or treat health problems or slow the aging process. Daily multivitamin tablets can be beneficial to some people who do not consume a balanced diet or a variety of foods. Generally, eating a well-balanced diet with a variety of foods provides the necessary nutrients your body needs. Eating whole foods is preferable to supplements because foods provide dietary fiber and other nutritional benefits that supplements do not. If you choose to take vitamin and mineral supplements, it is recommended to choose a multi-vitamin that does not exceed 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI).
Eat healthy fats. According to the American Heart Association, women should get at least five to 10 percent of total daily calories from omega-6 fatty acids (equal to 12 to 20 grams), and between 0.5 and 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids, depending on individual risk for heart disease. Good sources of omega-6 fatty acids include sunflower, safflower, corn, cottonseed and soybean oils. And good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fatty fish, tofu and other forms of soybeans, canola, walnuts, flaxseed, and their oils. Talk with your health care professional about how much of these beneficial oils you should be getting, how you can best incorporate them into your diet and whether or not you should be taking them in supplement form.
Iron helps to create the hemoglobin that carries oxygen in your blood. It's also important to maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. Due to the amount of blood lost during menstruation, women of childbearing age need more than twice the amount of iron that men do—even more during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, many of us aren't getting nearly enough iron in our diets, making iron deficiency anemia the most common deficiency in women.
*~ Update~*: Julie personally called me to go over my comments and how valid they were and to express regret I wasn't going to continue my membership. I think it's a big deal when people call you back to genuinely follow up on your experiences and feedback. She offered to send me a class pass or month membership to make up for my experience and even went over in detail how all my concerns were going to be addressed. I really look forward to returning as a member soon.
Poor nutrition may be one of the easiest conditions to self-diagnose. Look at the food pyramid and the suggested servings. Look at your diet. Are you getting the recommended daily amounts of fruits and vegetables? Enough calcium? Read the labels and compare what you eat to what you need. You may discover that even if your weight is ideal, you are not getting enough nutrition.
Nutrition is particularly important when you are pregnant. Weight gain during pregnancy is normal—and it's not just because of the growing fetus; your body is storing fat for lactation. The National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine (NAS/IOM) has determined that a gain of 25 to 35 pounds is desirable. However, underweight women should gain about 28 to 40 pounds, and overweight women should gain at least 15 pounds. The IOM has not given a recommendation for an upper limit for obese women, but some experts cap it as low as 13 pounds. If you fit into this category, discuss how much weight you should gain with your health care professional. Remember that pregnancy isn't the time to diet. Caloric restriction during pregnancy has been associated with reduced birth weight, which can be dangerous to the baby.
A person's caloric requirement depends on his body size and exercise level. Sedentary people of both genders will keep their weight stable by taking in about 13 calories per pound of body weight each day. Moderate physical activity boosts this requirement to 16 calories a pound, and vigorous exercise calls for about 18 calories a pound. On average, a moderately active 125-pound woman needs 2,000 calories a day; a 175-pound guy with a similar exercise pattern needs 2,800 calories. And like women, men will lose weight only if they burn more calories than they take in.
You know it's easier to fall off the healthy-eating wagon when the person across the table from you is going whole-hog on mozzarella sticks, but science still felt the need to study this. And evidence presented at the 2013 Agricultural and Applied Economic Associations annual meeting backs you up: In the study, people made similar dining choices as their companions did, possibly because we simply want to fit in. Not all eating partners make a bad influence, though. The report further speculates that if you're eating with a health-conscious person, you may be more likely to order something more nutritious as well.
What you eat is even more important as you enter your 40s. Women need protein (meat, fish, dairy, beans, and nuts), carbohydrates (whole grains), fats (healthy oils), vitamins, minerals, and water. These foods have been linked to some disease prevention, such as osteoporosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. The American Academy of Family Physicians supports the development of healthy food supply chains in supplemental nutrition programs so as to broaden the availability of healthy food.
Fats contain both saturated and unsaturated (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) fatty acids. Saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than unsaturated fat, which may even help lower harmful cholesterol. Reducing saturated fat (most comes from meat, dairy and bakery products) to less than seven percent of total daily calories may help you reduce your cholesterol level. Whenever possible, replace saturated fat with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
Laparoscopy (lap-uh-ROS-kuh-pee): A minor surgery to see inside the abdomen. The doctor does this with a small tool with a light called a laparoscope (LAP-uh-roh-skohp). She or he makes a small cut in the lower abdomen and inserts the laparoscope. With the laparoscope, the doctor can check the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus for disease and physical problems. Doctors can usually find scarring and endometriosis by laparoscopy.
A year later, a second Harvard study added to the concern. The Physicians' Health Study of 20,885 men did not evaluate diet per se, but it did measure the blood levels of ALA in 120 men who developed prostate cancer and compared them with the levels in 120 men who remained free of the disease. Men with moderately high ALA blood levels were 3.4 times more likely to develop prostate cancer than men with the lowest levels; curiously, though, men with the very highest levels were only 2 times more likely to get the disease.
You know strength training is the best way to trim down, tone up, and get into "I love my body" shape. But always reaching for the 10-pound dumbbells isn't going to help you. "Add two or three compound barbell lifts (such as a squat, deadlift, or press) to your weekly training schedule and run a linear progression, increasing the weight used on each lift by two to five pounds a week," says Noah Abbott, a coach at CrossFit South Brooklyn. Perform three to five sets of three to five reps, and you'll boost strength, not bulk. "The short, intense training will not place your muscles under long periods of muscle fiber stimulation, which corresponds with muscle growth," Abbott explains.
According to the American Heart Association, it's better to eat more complex carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits and whole grains) than simple carbohydrates found in sugars. Complex carbohydrates add more fiber, vitamins and minerals to the diet than foods high in refined sugars and flour. Foods high in complex carbohydrates are usually low in calories, saturated fat and cholesterol.
Dairy. Women should get 3 cups of dairy each day, but most women get only half that amount.6 If you can't drink milk, try to eat low-fat plain yogurt or low-fat cheese. Dairy products are among the best food sources of the mineral calcium, but some vegetables such as kale and broccoli also have calcium, as do some fortified foods such as fortified soymilk, fortified cereals, and many fruit juices. Most girls ages 9 to 18 and women older than 50 need more calcium for good bone health.
Food fortification is one of the most cost-effective strategies to improve micronutrient status through a variety of food vehicles, including staples, condiments, and processed foods (63, 64). Common fortifiable micronutrients include iron, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and iodine, although B vitamins and vitamin C are also used as fortificants (33, 64). Food fortification reduced anemia and iron deficiency anemia, and improved vitamin A, folate, niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, zinc, and iodine status of women of reproductive age and adolescents (13, 46, 61, 63–74). Vitamin D and calcium fortification were found to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among older women, especially for those exposed to inadequate sunlight (63, 64). Biofortification efforts, including those that involved breeding or genetic modification of plants to improve micronutrient content, have also shown improvements in the vitamin A and iron status of women (64, 75). Similar to micronutrient supplementation, women and girls with low micronutrient status were most likely to benefit.
As the science of nutrition continually evolves, researchers recognize that nutrients needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle must be tailored to the individual for maximum effectiveness. Recognizing that people are not all alike and that one size does not fit all when it comes to planning and achieving a healthful diet, the Institute of Medicine's dietary guidelines, titled "Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients," stress the importance of balancing diet with exercise and recommends total calories based on an individual's height, weight and gender for each of four different levels of physical activity.
Loss of taste. Some medicines alter your sense of taste making you lose your appetite. Ask your health care professional if there are alternatives to the medicine you're taking. You might also experiment with spices to make foods tastier. Also, rotating tastes of each food on your plate, rather than eating one food at once, can help you taste various flavors better. Foods with strong scents also taste better, since taste and smell are linked.
Part of the reason why so many women fail to get the amount of iron they need is because one of the best sources of iron is red meat (especially liver) which also contains high levels of saturated fat. While leafy green vegetables and beans are also good sources of iron—and don't contain high levels saturated fat—the iron from plant foods is different to the iron from animal sources, and not absorbed as well by the body. Other foods rich in iron include poultry, seafood, dried fruit such as raisins and apricots, and iron-fortified cereals, breads, and pastas.
Many women and teenage girls don't get enough calcium. Calcium-rich foods are critical to healthy bones and can help you avoid osteoporosis, a bone-weakening disease. Additionally, recent studies suggest that consuming calcium-rich foods as part of a healthy diet may aid weight loss in obese women while minimizing bone turnover. The National Institute of Medicine recommends the following calcium intake, for different ages:
Laparoscopy (lap-uh-ROS-kuh-pee): A minor surgery to see inside the abdomen. The doctor does this with a small tool with a light called a laparoscope (LAP-uh-roh-skohp). She or he makes a small cut in the lower abdomen and inserts the laparoscope. With the laparoscope, the doctor can check the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus for disease and physical problems. Doctors can usually find scarring and endometriosis by laparoscopy.
Community centers (including banks, town halls, post offices) ↑ knowledge about health and nutrition, ↑ food expenditures, ↑/NC food share, ↑ HH food consumption, ↑ dietary diversity, ↑ intake of MN (except for heme-Fe), ↑ HH intake of fruits, vegetables, and ASF, ↑/NC intake of fats and sweets, ↑ weight gain (greater among high BMI), ↑ participation in social networks, ↑ self-confidence, ↑ control over resources ↑ knowledge about health and nutrition, ↑ HH food security, ↑ food expenditures, ↑/NC food share, ↑ HH food consumption, ↑ dietary diversity, ↑ HH intake of fruits, vegetables, and ASF, ↑/NC intake of fats and sweets, ↑ participation in social networks, ↑ self-confidence, ↑ control over resources, ↑ ANC coverage ↑ knowledge about health, NC hypertension, ↓/NC missed meals, NC food sufficiency, ↑ health care utilization
Our review highlighted how a focus on delivery platforms could indicate who is missed by different nutrition interventions, by evaluating where there is overlap or divergence in where interventions are delivered (as represented in the Venn diagram in Figure 1). Our findings showed that a large proportion of nutrition-specific interventions were delivered at clinic-based settings or community-based health posts. Health centers are important delivery platforms, particularly for pregnant and lactating women (113, 210). However, only half of women worldwide even attend the appropriate number of antenatal care visits (with nearly 86% of women attending 1 visit) and only 59% receive appropriate postnatal care (211). Other delivery platforms, such as schools and universities, were more effective at reaching some adolescents and women of reproductive age. However, interventions delivered at "facilities" (schools, health clinics, health posts) require participation with those facilities, and participation is often limited because of time, costs, distance, and other responsibilities, including work and childcare (116). Facilities-based care is also more likely to miss certain groups, including older women.
Women have many unique health concerns — menstrual cycles, pregnancy, birth control, menopause — and that's just the beginning. A number of health issues affect only women and others are more common in women. What's more, men and women may have the same condition, but different symptoms. Many diseases affect women differently and may even require distinct treatment.
Delivery platforms for women across the life course. This Venn diagram represents the delivery platforms for different interventions by target population. The overlapping regions indicate delivery platforms that are shared by the target groups: adolescent girls, women of reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women, mothers of young children, and older women.
WASH interventions were typically community-based. WASH interventions were delivered to households and communities through community mobilization, mass media, home visits, and infrastructural development (126, 130, 136–138). There were some examples of facility-based delivery of WASH interventions, such as in health clinics and schools (139, 140); however, this was not representative of the majority of delivery platform coverage. Health clinic delivery platforms had limited reach, often targeting pregnant women and women with young children. In an evaluation of WASH interventions delivered in India (141), more demanding behavioral practices, such as handwashing and consistent use of latrines, required more intense contact (e.g., multiple home visits) than less intense interventions, such as sweeping of courtyards, that could be effectively delivered in small group meetings such as those in health clinics and community centers. More research is needed to evaluate the benefits and barriers of different delivery platforms for women across the life course.
Community centers ↑/NC knowledge about hygiene and sanitation, ↑ water quality, ↓ diarrheal morbidity ↑/NC knowledge about hygiene and sanitation, ↑ water quality, ↓ diarrheal morbidity ↑/NC knowledge about hygiene and sanitation, ↑/NC hand-washing, ↑ water quality, NC waste disposal, ↓ diarrheal morbidity ↑/NC knowledge about hygiene and sanitation, ↑ water quality, ↓ diarrheal morbidity
Women often received micronutrient supplements during antenatal and postnatal care (13, 35–42, 51, 60), and, as such, supplementation was often targeted to pregnant and lactating women. The delivery of micronutrient supplementation commonly occurred in health care settings for at-home consumption. Community-based antenatal care that involved home visits by community health workers was also a common delivery platform for supplementation delivery. There were some studies that reported micronutrient supplementation to adolescents, women of reproductive age, pregnant women, and women with young children outside of the antenatal care setting. These included primary health care clinics, home visits, community centers, pharmacies, and workplaces (32, 38–43, 45, 52, 53). Adolescent girls were also reached by community- and school-based programs (26, 41, 46). School-based programs were more efficacious in reducing rates of anemia among adolescent girls, compared with the community-based interventions (26, 46). However, many of the reported studies to date involved small samples of adolescents in controlled settings, and additional research is needed on the effectiveness of these programs (59, 62).
The best training tool you're not using: a jump rope. "It may seem a little juvenile until you think of all the hot-bodied boxing pros who jump rope every single day," says Landon LaRue, a CrossFit level-one trainer at Reebok CrossFit LAB in L.A. Not only is it inexpensive, portable, and easy to use almost anywhere, you'll burn about 200 calories in 20 minutes and boost your cardiovascular health while toning, he adds.
For girls and adult women, educational interventions are considered a powerful means of improving their health and nutritional status throughout their lives. Education level is often associated with maternal caregiving practices and the nutritional outcomes of their children (174, 175). Few studies, however, evaluated the impact of education as an intervention on women's nutrition outcomes. Instead, many studies used survey data and reported on associations between education and nutrition. For instance, in low- and middle-income countries, higher levels of education were associated with lower prevalence of underweight and higher prevalence of overweight among women (176, 177). However, this depended on the type of employment in which women participated (178, 179). In addition, in many high-income settings, the converse was true (177). Level of literacy was also associated with improved anthropometric measures. In southern Ethiopia, literate mothers were 25% less likely to be undernourished than were illiterate women (180). One econometric analysis suggested that doubling primary school attendance in settings with low school attendance was associated with a 20–25% decrease in food insecurity (181). Overall, though, these associations were limited in their ability to draw conclusions about causality and the effect of education interventions on nutrition outcomes.


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- A -AIDSAIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is a disease caused by a virus that destroys a person's immune system. The AIDS virus, knows as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), severely weakens the immune system causing a person to be highly susceptible to a variety of infections. These infections may not normally be considered serious, but could become life-threatening to a person with AIDS.
Americans with Disabilities ActThe Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. It mandates equal opportunities for persons with disabilities in areas such as employment, public accommodations, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.
Assistive TechnologyAssistive technology is any item or piece of equipment used to maintain or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
Attention Deficit DisorderAttention deficit disorder, commonly referred to as ADD, is a neurological disability characterized by inappropriate attention skills, impulsive behavior, and in some cases, hyperactivity. ADD is marked by chronic behaviors that last at least six months and appear before age seven. The behaviors may include: fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, difficulty following instructions, leaving tasks uncompleted, and appearing to not listen when others are speaking.
Augmentative CommunicationAugmentative communication refers to the supplementation or replacement of speech through the use of aided or unaided techniques. Sign language, gestures, and finger spelling are examples of unaided communication, whereas aided communication is associated with technology. An example of aided communication would be a computer-based system that supports verbal and written communication.
AutismAutism is a developmental disability that appears before age three. It is characterized by qualitative differences in the areas of social competence and communication skills. Individuals with autism typically demonstrate a narrow range of interests, repeatedly engage in specific activities, and experience difficulties processing sensory input from the surrounding environment. Common behaviors include: a tendency to avoid social contact, a tendency to become upset by changes in routine, and an inability to effectively communicate.
- B - Behavior DisordersBehavior disorders refer to a complex set of behavioral and emotional problems that are exhibited by children. Children with these disorders often engage in antisocial behavior. They are often physically and verbally aggressive and may lie, steal, perform vandalism, or "act out" in other ways. Children with behavior disorders may also experience depression. If these disorders are not treated early in life the individual may continue to exhibit antisocial behavior into adulthood.
Birth DefectsThe term, birth defect, refers to any anomaly, functional or structural that is caused before birth. A birth defect may be inherited or acquired and may be present in infancy or become apparent later in life.
BlindA person's vision is evaluated by visual acuity (20/20 scale) and the range of peripheral vision. Normal vision is defined as 20/20 visual acuity and an average range of 180 degrees in peripheral vision. An individual is legally blind if after methods of correction, such as glasses or contact lenses, he/she has a visual acuity of 20/200 or higher denomination or a range of peripheral vision under 20 degrees.
- C - Cerebral PalsyCerebral palsy is a functional disorder caused by damage to the brain during pregnancy, delivery, or shortly after birth. It is characterized by movement disorders, such as: spasticity (tight limb muscles), purposeless movements, rigidity (severe form of spasticity), a lack of balance, or a combination of these disorders. Individuals with cerebral palsy may also experience seizures, abnormal speech, hearing impairments and visual impairments, and mental retardation.
Cleft PalateA cleft palate is a birth defect characterized by a split or opening in the roof of the mouth. It results from failure of the parts of the roof of the mouth to join together during pregnancy. Cleft palates may be caused by genetic or environmental factors.
Closed CaptioningClosed captioning allows individuals who are deaf or have limited hearing to view television and understand what is being said. The words spoken on the television are written across the bottom of the screen so the person can follow the dialogue and action of the program.
Communication DisabilitiesCommunication disabilities include any visual impairment, hearing impairment, or speech impairments that limit a person's ability to communicate.
- D - Deaf-BlindnessDeaf-blindness, or dual sensory impairment, is a combination of both visual impairment and hearing impairment. An individual with deaf-blindness can experience severe communication, educational, and other developmental problems. A person with deaf-blindness cannot be accommodated by services focusing solely on visual impairments or solely on hearing impairments, so services must be specifically designed to assist individuals with deaf-blindness.
DeafnessDeafness can be defined as a total or partial inability to hear. An individual who is totally deaf is unable to hear with or without the use of a hearing aid, whereas a person who is partially deaf may be able to hear with the help of a hearing aid. Deafness can be genetic or also acquired through disease, most commonly from meningitis in the child or rubella in the woman during pregnancy.
Descriptive VideoDescriptive videos are designed for people who are visually impaired. The videos provide additional narration which carefully describes the visual elements of the film, such as the action of the characters, locations, and costumes, without interfering with the actual dialogue and sound effects.
Developmental DelaysDevelopmental delays refer to conditions which represent a significant delay in the process of child development. The delays may involve cognitive, physical, communicative, social/emotional, and adaptive areas of development. Without special intervention, these delays may affect the educational performance of the child.
Developmental DisabilitiesA developmental disability is a severe and long-lasting disability, which is the result of a mental and/or physical impairment, occurs before age 22, is likely to continue indefinitely, reflects the person's need for specialized services and/or treatment, and results in substantial functional limitations in three or more areas. The areas include: self-care, self-direction, economic self-sufficiency, independent living, learning, receptive and expressive language, and mobility.
DisabilityA disability is basically defined as a mental or physical condition that restricts an individual's ability to engage in substantial gainful activity.
Down SyndromeDown syndrome is a chromosomal condition (trisomy 21) caused by the presence of one extra chromosome. Individuals with Down syndrome experience slow physical and mental development and often exhibit certain identifiable physical characteristics, such as a round face, slanting eyes, and a small stature. People with Down syndrome usually function in the mild to moderate range of mental retardation and may experience health problems, most commonly hearing impairment and congenital heart disease.
- E - Early InterventionEarly intervention is an attempt to locate, identify, and evaluate young children with developmental disabilities or developmental delays and provide services to counteract these disorders and facilitate the child's development. Every state has organizations that provide early intervention services.
EcholaliaEcholalia is the constant repeating or parroting of what has been said by others. Individuals with autism and Tourrette syndrome commonly exhibit echolalia.
EpilepsyEpilepsy is a physical condition that occurs when there is a sudden, brief disturbance in the function of the brain. This "disturbance" can alter an individual's consciousness, movements, or actions. The sudden change is referred to as an epileptic seizure. Most individuals with epilepsy can reduce or eliminate the risk of seizures through the regular use of appropriate medication.
- F -Fetal Alcohol EffectsThe term, fetal alcohol effects, is used to indicate alcohol as a possible cause of a child's birth defects. It is used to describe children with prenatal exposure to alcohol, but with only a few of the characteristics shown by children with fetal alcohol syndrome.
Fetal Alcohol SyndromeFetal alcohol syndrome refers to a group of symptoms exhibited by a child resulting from the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. The symptoms may include differing levels of mental retardation, low birth weight, small size, and under development of the upper lip. (see cleft palate)
Fragile X SyndromeFragile X syndrome, also know as Martin-Bell syndrome, is a genetic disorder that is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. Individuals with this disorder often have distinctive physical features, such as a long face and large prominent ears. People with Fragile X syndrome experience some degree of mental retardation along with speech and language delays. In addition, 15-20% of people with Fragile X syndrome may also exhibit behaviors associated with autism.
Free Appropriate Public EducationAccording to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), free appropriate public education is defined as special education and related services that: (1) are provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction, and without charge; (2) meet the standards of the state educational agency; (3) include preschool, elementary, and the child's individualized education program.
- G -GeneticsGenetics is the study of heredity, and in particular, genes. Human genetics attempts to understand human heredity in order to predict, diagnose, and treat genetic diseases.
Group HomesGroup homes are a housing option for individuals with developmental disabilities that allows them to live in residences within the community in a family-type setting. A small group of individuals with disabilities live together in a house and share household duties. The group home is usually supervised by live-in professionals or volunteer staff.
- H -Health ImpairmentThe term, health impairment, refers to any type of chronic illness that affects how a person lives his or her life. Common examples of health impairments are AIDS, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, etc.
Hearing ImpairmentThe term, hearing impairment, is used to describe any level of hearing loss, such as hard of hearing or deafness.
HIVHIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact and intravenous drug use. A person may carry HIV for several years before any symptoms of AIDS become apparent.
HydrocephalusHydrocephalus refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) within cavities, called ventricles, inside the brain. Hydrocephalus can be congenital, caused by complex genetic and environmental factors, or acquired from spina bifida, intraventricular hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis, tumors, and cysts. Individuals with hydrocephalus often experience mental and physical impairments and a variety of health problems.
HyperactivityHyperactivity generally refers to a group of behavioral characteristics, such as aggressiveness, constant activity, impulsiveness, and distractibility. The actual behaviors displayed include: fidgeting, an inability to remain seated or still, excessive talking, and an inability to play quietly. Hyperactivity is commonly associated with attention deficit disorder.
- I - InclusionIn general, inclusion refers to a set of practices and beliefs that all children should be educated, regardless of disability, in their neighborhood school, and in age-appropriate general education settings with appropriate supports and services.
Independent LivingThe concept of independent living involves the belief that individuals with disabilities have the same rights and responsibilities as other people in society. Thus, services provided to the public should be accessible to persons with disabilities, and systems of support should be made available to help individuals with disabilities live within the community and lead more independent lives.
Individualized Education Plan (IEP)Public Law 94-142 mandates that each child who receives special education services must have an individualized education plan. The IEP is the plan agreed upon by the school administrator, teacher, parents, and other relevant professionals ( e.g., the person who administered the testing, therapists). The IEP is comprised of seven parts: (1) present level of functioning or performance, (2) annual goals, (3) short term instructional objectives or goals, (4) indication of any special services needed ( e.g., speech and hearing clinic), (5) amount of time spent in regular education classroom, (6) when plan will begin, be reviewed, and end, and (7) evaluation of goals and objectives.
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) Public Law 99-457 directs states to develop and implement a comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary program of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. The law requires than an Individualized Family Service Plan is created to establish an agreement between families and professionals that the necessary resources will be provided to help the child and the family achieve their goals and satisfy their needs.
Individualized Program Plan (IPP)An Individualized Program Plan is similar to an Individualized Family Service Plan except it is for individuals with disabilities who are over age three. The IPP identifies the preferred goals or outcomes of the individual and his/her family and lists objectives describing how these goals will be achieved ( e.g., what services and types of supports will be used.)
Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)The Individualized Transition Plan is the part of a person's Individualized Education Plan (IEP ) that identifies the long range goals of the person in respect to life after school. Transition services are a coordinated set of activities that are designed to help a student with disabilities move from school to life after school. The person's life after school may include: post secondary education, vocational training, integrated employment, continuing and adult education, independent living, participation in the community, and other activities. The ITP indicates how the individual will be supported or helped to participate in his/her preferred activities and achieve his/her goals.
InstitutionsInstitutions are residential facilities designed to house and care for individuals with mental disabilities.
IQ ScoresThe intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a number used to express a person's relative intelligence. An intelligence test is used to compute an individual's IQ score. The majority of scores fall between 70 and 130, with a score above 130 considered gifted and a score below 70 considered mentally deficient. However, intelligence tests have been widely criticized for not accurately depicting an individual's mental capabilities.
- L - Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities is a broad term used to refer to disorders that affect a person's ability to interpret what they see or hear and link information from different parts of the brain. These disorders usually manifest as problems with reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematics. Learning disabilities are neurological, lifelong disorders, but can often be overcome through appropriate intervention and support.
- M -Mental IllnessThe term, mental illness, refers to any illness or disorder that: has significant psychological or behavioral manifestations, is associated with painful or distressing symptoms, and impairs an individual's level of functioning in certain areas of life. There are several different types of mental illness with differing levels of severity. The cause of mental illness is relatively unknown. Therapy and appropriate medication are the most common forms of treatment.
Mental RetardationMental retardation is a mental disability that limits the intellectual capacity of an individual. A person is considered to have mental retardation if: they have an IQ below 70, the condition is present before age 18, and limitations exist in two or more adaptive skill areas. The adaptive skill areas include: communication, self-care, home-living, social skills, leisure, health and safety, self-direction, functional academics, and employment.
- P - ParaplegiaParaplegia is paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body. Paraplegia often involves loss of sensation as well as loss of movement. It is usually caused by injury or disease in the lower spinal cord, or brain disorders, such as cerebral palsy.
- Q -QuadriplegiaQuadriplegia is the paralysis of all four limbs. (see paraplegia)
- S -Seizure Disorder(see epilepsy)
Speech ImpairmentThe term, speech impairment, refers to disorders that impair an individual's ability to verbally communicate. This could include the inability to speak, the inability to maintain a flow or rhythm of speech ( e.g., dysfluency or stuttering), or the inability to pronounce certain sounds. Speech impairment can be caused by hearing impairment , neurological disorders, mental retardation, or physical impairments, such as cleft palate.
Spina BifidaSpina bifida refers to an incomplete closure in the spinal column during prenatal development. There are three types of spina bifida: (1) spina bifida occulta is very common and is associated with an opening in one or more of the vertebrae, but no damage to the spinal cord, (2) meningocele is present when the protective covering around the spinal cord is pushed through an opening in the vertebrae, but the spinal cord remains intact, (3) myelomeningocele is the most severe form and occurs when the spinal cord protrudes through the back. The term, spina bifida, is most often used to indicate the most severe form of the disorder, myelomeningocele. It can cause weakness or paralysis below the area of protrusion as well as a loss of bowel and bladder control. Also, spina bifida is commonly associated with hydrocephalus.
- T -Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome is a genetic, neurological disorder characterized by repetitious, involuntary body movements and uncontrollable vocal sounds. Tourette syndrome is detected before age 18 and most commonly affects males. The majority of individuals with Tourette syndrome experience mild symptoms that do not impede them from performing their normal activities.
- V -Visual ImpairmentA visual impairment is an impairment of sight that cannot be corrected by glasses or contact lenses. This includes individuals with low vision as well as people who are legally blind.


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CHILD GUIDANCE CLINICSBr Med J 1932; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3704.39-c (Published 02 January 1932) Cite this as: Br Med J 1932;1:39
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