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Global Leucine Market 2019 can be defined as a board in which proficiency test is done to get the statistical surveying Leucine market information which will be useful for the new market participants or recognized Leucine players. Huge information is covered in Leucine examine through which a record of an advantageous hot spot for investigators, administrators, Leucine industry specialist and additionally other important individuals prepare to-access alongside Leucine self-structured examination together side tables and charts which help to derive Leucine market patterns, drivers and currency or financial battles. As a combination of the Linear Motors data coordination and investigation limits with the findings that are appropriate. Similarly, this report has predicted a strong future rise of this Leucine market in each geographic and its segments.
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'My friend completely used me' Our agony aunt answers your questions
OUR agony aunt gets to the heart of your sex and relationship problems
Our agony aunt gets to the heart of your sex and relationship problems
My friend conned me to be an unpaid carer
Q: I was flattered when an old friend invited me to stay for a "few weeks". She'd never invited me before. But the minute I arrived, she announced she was going into hospital for an operation and
I was left caring for her husband. Not only did I end up cooking and caring for the man, but I had to keep taking him to the hospital to see her and he was reluctant to give me any petrol money.
He was grumpy and once shouted at me for getting his medication wrong. Now I'm back home and she hasn't even sent me a thank- you note. I feel completely used. Can our friendship survive this? I'm on my own and have enough problems to deal with.
A: I suggest you scrub this devious pair off your Christmas card list and don't give them another thought. It's one thing being asked to help and support a friend in need, but luring you to their house in order to play the role of an unpaid carer was a cheap trick.
If they were in trouble, then they should have been honest and upfront with you from the start. I'm sure that you would have been more than willing to help out if you'd known the score. Instead, they took advantage and overstepped the mark.
Put the whole nightmare down to experience and vow to be a lot less trusting and available in future. It's sad that things have turned out like this, but some people do try it on.
How can I face his parents again?
Q: My boyfriend's parents caught us having sex. He'd assured me they were out for the day when they came home suddenly. I was half-naked in the front room. Now his mother clearly hates the sight of me and his father keeps giving me weird smiles. My boyfriend claims that they're fine and have "forgotten the whole thing", but
I feel terribly embarrassed about visiting now. I'm 23. Should I have this out with them?
A: Obviously you feel you need to clear the air so apologise to his parents for acting inappropriately and embarrassing them. Explain it was never your intention to shock them and that you know you let yourself down in their home, which was inexcusable.
Your boyfriend may choose to brush it aside, but you must follow your conscience to earn mutual respect with his parents.
I need to stop her taking advantage
Q: I'm suffering at work because a colleague constantly takes time off. I'm the one who gets it in the neck from our boss when she calls in sick. He makes sarcastic comments about "your friend letting us down again".
Yes, we are friends, but how is it my fault when she's not there? I'm also the one who suffers, because I get landed with her work. She's a lazy individual with no conscience or work ethic, yet I don't want her to think that I've been disloyal.
A: You need to work out the difference between a colleague and a friend. Maybe you are friendly, nine-to-five, but you don't owe her anything beyond that. If she constantly ducks out of work and leaves everyone else to pick up the pieces, that's not your problem.
Your boss needs to speak to her about her health, her attitude and her future. Ask him for an urgent meeting. Emphasise she is not your problem and you're as annoyed as he is. Forget about being disloyal – you're way beyond that.
Sex matters
Q: For the past year I've been visiting a man for piano lessons, but what actually happens is we just have sex. I honestly don't know how it all started, but
I now pay him £20 every other Thursday for sex in his music room. After an hour I pull on my clothes and I leave. I'm a married woman and feel equally thrilled and guilty about this. Moments after leaving his house I feel terrible, but then I can't wait to go there again. What's going on?
A: Clearly the sexual experience you enjoy with your piano teacher is totally different from anything you encounter at home. I suspect, because it's so illicit and naughty, it's strangely addictive, but you can't continue to deceive your unsuspecting husband in this way.
Maybe your piano teacher is mildly hypnotic, but sex is sex and not only are you cheating, but you're effectively paying another man for passion.
I urge you to sever all ties, have a sexual health check and concentrate on your marriage. Whether you tell your husband the truth is between you and your conscience.


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posted in Uncategorized
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Sam and cait dating, today's top stories
It saw Sam's character subjected to the violent attack over two episodes and garnered such a strong response that some viewers vowed to stop watching the series.
He's said to co-own a London bar, The Library Pub.
Sam and Caitriona join forces for the second series of the Scottish-based show. Sam Heughan and Caitriona Balfe, on the other hand, have not commented on these dating rumors as of yet.
Or at this party after Sunday's Oscars: Sam Heughan, Caitriona Balfe confirms relationship on 'Outlander' set Showbiz Maven have claimed that Sam Heughan and Caitriona Balfe have been very sweet with each other while filming for the "Outlander" series.
We kinda knew, right?
And it isn't each other. The provocative scenes were art of the season finale, which aired on Saturday night. Insert unprintable Gaeligh curse here, if you're so moved.
News & Info
Caitriona Balfe has to comment on these reports yet. Clearly bemused by the disparity of response, Sam retweeted an article by E! Ah, but dreams die hard.
And it's better this way, right? He also added that fans are set witness the strongest acting performance of Caitriona Balfe in the entire "Outlander" history. Dressed in a long, tan-coloured dress with a green cloak, the brunette beauty certainly gave a convincing account of their character's mutual passion Laughing and joking between takes, the two TV stars seemed to enjoy the more delicate scenes - which come just days after the show sparked controversy with a graphic male rape storyline.
This isn't their first public outing. Sam Heughan, Caitriona Balfe Dating: Caitriona Balfe to say goodbye to Sam Heughan in 'Outlander' Season 3 Meanwhile, several fans of the Cool new dating apps were alarmed when actor Duncan LaCroix hinted that there must be something bad happening towards the ending of "Outlander" Season 3.
Heughan, 34, plays Jamie, a Scottish clansman who becomes embroiled in a star-crossed romance with Claire.
Share this article
And fans with the patience to wait years for books in Diana Gabaldon's "Outlander" novels series, or for Starz TV versions of same, can take their time about it, can't they? Share this article Share Lovers: But it may be time to move on, mo chridhe.
McGill is a bit of a mystery, which these days simply means he isn't all over social media. Well, except hereperhaps: See a photo gallery of the glam couple here. Ironically, there was no feminist backlash about the intense male rape scenes involving Sam's character, despite a similar Game Of Thrones storyline - with a female victim - causing a furore Looking good: Martin and Outlander author Diana Gabaldon have regular meetings.
I've met some of the actors and I'm such a fanboy.
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'PDA Government is functioning smoothly' : NDPP
May 20, 2018, Kohima:
1. This communiqué is being issued in view of the misleading statements of Mr. T. R. Zeliang and other opposition members, which appeared in sections of the local media. While the leader of opposition and his party may be wishfully hoping on instability, we would like to highlight the fact that the PDA Government is functioning smoothly under an environment of stability and mutual trust. Unlike the period under the NPF when stability was a worry every hour and every day despite having support of all 60 Members in the House, the PDA Government under Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio is absolutely stable and focused on good governance.
Leadership of Mr. Neiphiu Rio
2. On the leadership of Mr. Rio, it is pertinent to point out that it was the total failure of the erstwhile NPF led DAN Government after the departure of Mr. Neiphiu Rio that the situation necessitated the call for Mr. Rio to return to the State as per the desire of the people. Heeding the voice of the public, Mr. Rio decided to come back and headed the NDPP as its undisputed leader upon the request of the rank and file of the party.
Double standard politics
3. The NPF has suddenly become very critical of the BJP without recalling that it had been in alliance with the BJP for the last 15 years. In fact, on June 28, 2017 during a party meeting at the NPF Central Office at Kohima, Dr. Shurhozelie proudly recalled the NPFs association with the BJP as early as 1977, which was again renewed in 2003. Then on July 19, 2017, the NPF severed ties with the BJP. Thereafter the NPF made desperate attempts to restore the alliance with the BJP and after several flip-flops, the then Chief Minister Mr. T. R. Zeliang met national BJP President Mr. Amit Shah on January 25, 2018 after the NPF CEC at an emergency meeting on January 23, 2018, resolved to revoke its decision to snap ties with the BJP and continue the alliance.
4. The BJP, having realized that the NDPP reflected the aspirations of the masses and having understood that the NDPP enjoyed popular support announced its decision to have a pre-poll alliance with the NDPP at Guwahati on February 3rd, 2018 at by Mr. Kiren Rijiju, Minister of State (Home) in the presence of the then MP (Lok Sabha), Neiphiu Rio; state BJP president, Visasolie Lhoungu; Y. Patton (BJP leader and present Deputy CM) and other NDPP leaders. Having failed to secure an alliance with the BJP, despite desperate attempts, the NPF President and his colleagues became critical of the BJP and started playing the communal card.
5. The NPF party president and the then Chief Minister exposed their differences at the launch of the NPF Kohima Division campaign on February 14, 2018 wherein the party president stated that an alliance with the BJP would spell doom for the Nagas whilst the then Chief Minister TR Zeliang spoke of an unbroken relation with the BJP!
6. The contradictory opinions and claims of the NPF leadership since last year proves that their present tirades against the BJP and the NDPP are purely political vindictiveness since the BJP chose to ally with the NDPP and not the NPF although it was the ruling party at the time. Once the BJP understood that the masses are with the NDPP and struck an alliance with the party and the Prime Minister Narendra Modi named Neiphiu Rio as the Chief Ministerial candidate of the NDPP-BJP combine on February 22, 2018 at Tuensang, the NPF suddenly started criticizing the BJP as a communal, anti-Christian party.
If the BJP was an anti-Christian and communal party, what was the erstwhile Cock party doing since 1977? The NPFs tall claims of being the only regional party are unfounded, as they have always allied with one national party or the other. Apart from the BJP, the erstwhile NPC allied with the Congress to depose the then Chief Minister Mr. K. L. Chishi and set up an NPC-Congress Government with late Mr. Vamuzo as Chief Minister and Mr. I. K. Sema from the Congress as the Deputy Chief Minister in the 1990s.
This partnership resulted in disqualification of a number of MLAs at the insistence of the party. History repeated itself in 2014 when 3 BJP legislators, despite being in alliance with the NPF, were disqualified at the behest of the NPF party. With such history, the NPF has no moral right to criticize neither the PDA Government nor the NDPP, and the NPFs rhetoric is a clear sign of double-standard politics.
7. It is no secret that after the election campaign wherein the NPF went all guns blazing against the BJP by painting it in the most negative manner, the NPF again made all out attempts to partner with the BJP in its desperate attempt to form the Government. But true to its national image, the BJP not only strengthened the Alliance but also respected the mandate of the people by sticking to its pre-poll stand.
PDA is the single largest entity
8. We would like to put to rest the false claim of Mr. T.R. Zeliang, on the issue of single largest party. The NDPP would like to highlight that the NDPP-BJP Alliance was a pre-poll alliance that had a seat sharing arrangement as one single entity where the two parties did not contest against each other in any constituency. The NDPP-BJP alliance entered into a seat sharing arrangement of 40:20, which was the first of its kind in Nagaland.
9. The NDPP-BJP prepoll Alliance won a combined number of 30 seats (NDPP - 18 & BJP - 12) and securing a total of 4,08,056 votes (40.51%) out of 10,07,163 - the grand total of votes polled in the State, and clearly emerged as the single largest party. On the contrary, in the 26 seats that the NPF won, it garnered a total of 3,89,687 votes, which is 38.69 % of grand total of votes polled (10,07,163). Later, after the elections, it is public knowledge that the JD(U) and the NPP which are natural allies with the BJP in the NDA Government at the Centre, along with the lone IND legislator also extended their support to the NDPP-BJP combine thereby taking the total combine of pre and post poll alliance partners to 34 in the House of 60.
10. T. R. Zeliang also made a statement saying that he would stake claim to form the government. The NDPP would like to highlight the Justice Sarkaria Commission Report on Centre-State Relations with emphasis on Chapter 4 Role of Governor. In section 11 of Chapter 4 which deals with the Choice of the Chief Minister, it is clearly mentioned in Point No. 4 as under quote:
4.11.04: If there is no such party, the Governor should select a Chief Minister from among the following parties or group of parties by sounding them, in turn, in the order of preference indicated below:
1. An alliance of parties that was formed prior to the Elections.
2. The largest single party staking a claim to form the government with the support of others, including independents.
3. A post-electoral coalition of parties, with all the partners in the coalition joining the Government.
4. A post-electoral alliance of parties, with some of the parties in the alliance forming a Government and the remaining parties, including independents supporting the Government from outside.
4.11.05: The Governor, while going through the process of selection described above, should select a leader who, in his (Governors) judgement, is most likely to command a majority in the Assembly. The Governor's subjective judgement will play an important role.
4.11.06: A Chief Minister, unless he is the leader of a party which has absolute majority in the Assembly, should seek a vote of confidence in the Assembly within 30 days of taking over. This practice should be strictly adhered to with the sanctity of a rule of law.
11. These conventions are self-explanatory and due process has been followed in installation of the PDA Government. Therefore, it is absolutely clear that the NDPP-BJP pre-poll Alliance was the single largest entity and selected in order of preference (as per 4.11.04 sub point 1). The numbers has proved majority with victory in 34 seats and it is further proved in the vote share. Finally it was proven in the temple of democracy, on the floor of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly on March 13, 2018 where Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio proved his majority by securing 33 votes against the 26 votes of the NPF. What more is there to prove?
Anti-VIP Culture
12. After coming to power, the PDA Government took several initiatives to do away with VIP Culture by ordering the removal of name-plates and putting an end to chief guest system. Whereas, during the NPFs time, numerous party functionaries including its working presidents and secretary general were given cabinet status in various government positions. Also the DAN Chairman and Vice-Chairman were accorded highest statuses along with Government facilities, government staff, escorts and pilots and thereby putting a massive strain and burden on the state exchequer. The members of the PDA have only been accorded status but no Government privileges, unlike the NPFs functionaries. Our initiatives against VIP culture has been well received by the people and will continue in the interest of the people of Nagaland.
13. Former Chief Minister TR Zeliang is supposed to be a responsible leader and he should know that the NDPP is a registered, recognized political party having strong regional ideology and identity with the people being the real stakeholders and the true high command of the party. Although it is a young party, it is carrying out its activities in true regional spirit. We will never undermine the public with lies and propaganda. The NDPP will continue to work tirelessly in line with its motto Facta non Verba or Deeds, not words.
(Issued by the NDPP Media & Communications Committee)
* This Press Release was sent to e-pao.net by NDPP Media & Communications Committee who can be contacted at ndpppress(AT)gmail(DOT)com
This Press Release was posted on May 21 2018
* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.


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As we move towards our Overwintering Exhibition to be held at our workshop gallery in June prints have begun to arrive. As printmakers we have the joy of being able to create an edition of artworks which will find their way into a travelling exhibition organised by Kate Gorringe-Smith who instigated this very important project. Namely to raise awareness of the plight of shorebirds that travel to Australia each year to escape harsh winters from far off places such as Siberia, the Overwintering Project tells a story of how these birds are finding their habitats under increasing threat from manmade development. A group of around 25 artists from the Newcastle Printmakers Workshop are focusing on birds which travel to the Stockton Spit and Hunter Wetlands Region to feed to gain weight to travel back thousands of miles to breed.
Our exhibition will be held at 27 Popran Road, Adamstown on Sat-Sun 23 to 24 June from 10am to 4pm. The official opening is on Saturday from 4 to 6pm.


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The early hard shell cycling helmets, first launched in the late s, were shunned by riders for a number of reasons, mostly to do with the terrible looks, along with the weight and lack of ventilation that made them extremely uncomfortable. Racing bikes helmets hard shell helmets can still be found, mainly used BMX and dirt jump riders, with the majority rscing road riders pink razor helmet lightweight helmets that have a vacuum formed racing bikes helmets cover in-moulded to a polystyrene shell.
Racing bikes helmets this format, there helmeta helmets that heljets all budgets and styles, with manufacturers offering options for different types of cycling, from casual riding and commuting through to road racing, time trialling racing bikes helmets beyond. Also, be sure to check out helmet reviews archive.
There are no true mountain bike or triathlon helmets available within this price range. Although you may be able to find a suitable helmet, it's worth going yelmets a price bracket if racing bikes helmets plan on more serious racing bikes helmets riding to have more head coverage and ventilation. Many more road and mountain bike options become available bies this price range. However, full face mountain bike or triathlon helmets still aren't found yet. Road helmets within this range should provide a snug fit with a secondary retention system that tightens an inner shell or cradle, ample ventilation and comfortable primary retention straps.
Aerodynamic features aren't a focus as yet but that's not to say they don't provide some aero benefit over more basic options. Mountain bike helmets within this range helmehs provide good coverage, especially at the rear of the head, a visor as well as a racing bikes helmets retention system. Almost all types of helmets are accessible within this price range, with the exception of the more expensive triathlon specific and full face helmets. Road helmets within this range may feature MIPS or similar technologyprovide exceptional ventilation and may improve aerodynamics.
Weight also starts to significantly reduce as lighter materials and interal skeleton-like structures are used within the foam. Expect to be approaching g for medium sized helmets at the upper end of this price range. For mountain bikers, the world of enduro and downhill riding opens up with full face road bike helmets on person that facing extra protection becoming available.
Even open face helmets within this price range still provide exceptional features including greater head coverage, removable visors, secondary retention systems and integrated camera mounts. All helmets including full face mountain bike and triathlon specific helmets are now racing bikes helmets, as is the latest technology.
Inbuilt electronics that can communicate heart rate and head position are two of the most recent additions to road and triathlon helmets, reducing the need for the traditional chest strap and letting riders know their racing bikes helmets position so they can optimise aerodynamics.
Speaking of aerodynamics, that is a key focus for road helmets that now feature smooth surfaces with minimal racing bikes helmets or removable aeroshells all whilst further reducing the weight.
Some triathlon helmets even feature magnetically fastened eye shields or lens' to further improve aerodynamics. MIPS or similar technologysecondary retention systems, comfortable straps and removable padding is common for all types of helmets at this price range. On top of that, mountain bike helmets will feature racing bikes helmets visors and integrated camera mounts. Racing bikes helmets hope this buyer's guide dora bike helmets been racing bikes helmets and provided some valuable information.
You can browse BikeExchange for helmetsor search for your local bike shop to get further assistance. Responsible for propelling you forward and bringing you to a stop again, we detail everything you need to know about the drivetrain on your road bike We take you through all you need to know about mountain bike groupsets, and how to choose the right one to suit your needs For a more effortless and secure experience on our site, please consider updating your browser.
Sell Your Bike Find a bike shop. Sell Your Bike Bikes.
Featured Seat Posts Bottom Brackets. Lazer Helmets Kask Met. Bianchi Merida BMC. Find a bike shop.
Today, most every bike helmet is made of expanded polystyrene foam like what's found in picnic coolers covered with a tough-but-thin plastic shell. Avex mountain bike helmets impact, the foam gets crushed instead of your skull.
In less expensive helmets, the plastic shell is glued or taped to the foam; in more expensive helmets, the pieces are molded together during the manufacturing process. Either type of helmet is racing bikes helmets, though molded helmets are lighter, have more vents, and are generally sexier if helmets can racing bikes helmets sexy.
EPS foam is single-use -- it doesn't recover from being crushed. After a bad crash, you need a new helmet. Size it up: Lower-priced helmets are racing bikes helmets one-size-fits all; you simply adjust an internal strap to get the helmet snug. Higher-priced helmets are available in a range of sizes.
To learn what size you need, measure your head: Make sure the tape is level -- it should cross your forehead an inch or so above your eyebrows.
News:Our Bike Helmet Sizing Guide will help you find the proper fit for your bike helmet. Learn more at zapatosde.info
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Portale randkowe dlaczego z nich korzystamy – http://bycwedwoje.pl/porady/portale-randkowe-krotki-przewodnik/. No one would like to sense they are able to be used help simply by a good world wide web night out swindle, and yet tens of thousands of folks become every free season. The truth is, north america Task force to Spain welcomes show up every song sunlight hours as of natives be about they've befallen fiddled by the only in search of fondness, furthermore the usa. Postal Overhaul has generated a capture on tape about the same issue taking place its FakeChecks.org website.
Just how would you prevent dropping victim for an web night out cheat within the primarily space? Book take with the monitoring burgundy wanes after that you'll been real far more informed, make plus game should a person go as well as benefit from people.
of 05
Look after representing Send Discrepancies
Have you ever switched emails with a big shot anyone gone through via an world wide web go out with internet site, simply to doubt if it is exactly the same one who happens answering back to be able to your own messages each time? Or maybe you've for a moment deemed to help yourself the one within the additional stop of the letter thoroughly should employ a spell-checker.
None of such communication discrepancies occurs resulting in for alarm system; a number of people transpire very good in time also sentence structure, then they could be composing English as being a back up speech. On the contrary if several on the track send a response to discrepancies pop-up during the lifetime of the transmissions, it could be a great world wide web meeting sting.
Letter is distracted, challenging to be aware of or perhaps happens replicated.
Instant (surrounded by 15 diminutives) reactions am real met every time you fling some text, without argument earlier equally on the way to what time you'll subsist online.
Send meanings transform within tone, speech, mode otherwise syntax through the transfer. This will evolve after some time, or it would be seeming arrived fair one send an e-mail to.
A blubber falsehood takes place assigned experimental without a break with the aim of transformations suddenly as of the aggravation in to an emergency, in support of you possibly can avoid.
connected with 05
Try to find Correct Replies
This could be exceptionally rash a great ongoing email chat with a star that's focused unequivocally giving you. In truth, this is the immense symptom how the ego for the supplementary close from the chat ends up being correctly noticed and made investments clothed in gain knowledge of much more just about who you're.
In which the jeopardy is arranged, in spite of this, is just not the fascination with people being a ego, but instead which they will not put forward any described, individual information regarding themselves in return for, or even accomplishes really rejoin the emails inside a special conduct but instead convert the topic with each and every phone.
Correct reactions remain fundamental in order to concluding if the rapport you're making is founded on certainty and never a prospective internet night out fiddle. May the individual emailing an individual survive simply content as well as sticking responses coming from a encoded describe or else software, or maybe figures out their emails in actuality often "get a hold" you also submission getting some sort of individualized mind?
involving 05
Being situated Asked for Money And/Or to be able to Income a Restraint
Most singles who've gave it a go being acquainted with relations via online court positions have come all over this specific gossip web meeting fraud symptom: being alive put to be able to each money someone's rein otherwise funds ask for pro them, or perhaps occurring hadn't over overall for change. The rumor modifies fairly with each and every web dating con, however the target skeleton identical: holding up anyone connected with the hard-earned ready money.
If a name requests that you line them notes on-line – regardless of the rationalize, irrespective of precisely how plausible or perhaps unhappy this crashes – never. Save for should you am aware of compelled to accomplish it regardless, no less than figupon out FraudAid's officially authorized duty sheet, chief. The idea facts the ramifications a person might countenance ought to people pick this way, regardless anywhere you or even the web year cheat comedian animations.
involving 05
Unrealistic as well as Fake Photographs
Although cliche, the expression takes in sincere intended for web time frauds: should the people picture glimpses moreover worthy to get factual, that's because doing so almost certainly subsists.
Of course examples, actors and other enormously charming communities want to notice affection overly, afterward people may perhaps very well get lucked outdated inside the appeal class while using the man or woman you're communicating with on-line. Save for if the on the web go out with besides goes down keen on one of several various other web meeting cheat classifications slanted at this point, subsequently you may well wish to execute a bit more investigating, to begin with.
Both AntiScam.org and also European Girl Blacklist exhibit positioned photographies moreover points nearly a huge selection of appreciated internet day trick "personalities".


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Back to
ONLINE TEXT VERSION - March 2012
A bill is the cost of using something, for example, water, gas,
electricity, home phone, mobile phone and the Internet. You will
receive a bill for each service you have used.
You will get bills for water, gas, electricity, home phone,
mobile phone and the Internet.
There are different ways to pay bills. This is explained on your
bill. You can, for example, use your bank account over the phone or
on the Internet. You can pay in person at a post office or by mail
using a cheque or money order. If you get income from Centrelink
you can pay using a free service called Centrepay. You can also use
a direct debit service which you can set up with your service
Reda and Heba are having problems paying their bills. They do
not know what needs to be paid and when.
They remember that when they first arrived in Australia they
went to a town hall and listened to information from a settlement
worker. The settlement worker explained to the group some of the
local services available to them through service providers. One
thing they were told was that they can contact a free Financial
Counsellor to get help.
Reda and Heba can call the service providers and explain their
problem or they can get help from a free Financial Counsellor. They
decide to get help from the Financial Counsellor because they do
not know what to say or ask each service provider on the phone.
The Financial Counsellor's name is Mary and she first explains
what financial counsellors do and how they can help. One thing they
do is help people work out a budget or plan to pay back money they
owe. Reda and Heba feel much better now that they have spoken with
Mary helps Reda and Heba by contacting the right service
provider and arranging a payment plan that fits in with their
budget. The next day Mary calls Reda and Heba to explain what she
has done and asks them to write down when all of their bills are
due and the amount they need to pay for each one. She suggests
using a calendar and marking the date each bill is due on the
Reda and Heba thank Mary for her help. After the phone call they
write down on their calendar what bills are due, when they are due
and how much they have to pay.
For help with problems paying bills, contact a free Financial
Counsellor on 1800 007 007 or contact your service provider on the
number written on the bill. For more information about Financial
Counsellors, visit MoneySmart or call 1300 300 630.
For more information about the Telecommunications Industry
Ombudsman, visit the website www.tio.com.au, or call 1800 062
058. For Energy Ombudsman and Water Ombudsman services visit
MoneySmart and search for utility bills.
Last updated: 08 Sep 2015


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Your phone model is: Haier A62
Version for your phone is: UC Browser 22.214.171.124
Updated date: 2010-11-03
Change phone model:
An offline browser is which can download Web Pages for Offline Viewing. When you are online, you can download all the web pages you need to read during the day. Then you can browse the content also when you have no connectivity. In this way you can also save money and mobile internet traffic. And you can view a page that with no advertisements. And UC Browser can achieve that. Wish have a good experience.
UC Browser is the leading mobile internet browser with more than 400 million users across more than 150 countries and regions. This product is currently available on all major operating platforms in 7 different languages.
Haier Group is a Chinese multinational consumer electronics and home appliances company headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China. Its products include air conditioners, mobile phones, computers, microwave ovens, washing machines, refrigerators, and televisions.
Haier A62 is an non-touchscreen phone. It supports Single SIM, GSM. The phone can be expanded memory with USB Port. Haier A62 gets a 220 x 220 pixels pixels LCD screen, an 2 MP main camera. Talktime Up to 3 Hours(2G) is long enough for common use. 85 grams weight, 9 x 2 x 5 mm make it easy to take.


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deGrom adds quality-start record to Cy resume
WASHINGTON -- There are still some out there who do not consider Jacob deGrom the National League's best pitcher, some who won't be convinced no matter how much evidence surfaces to the contrary. Wins are wins, and they've been around more than a century. To many, they are religion.Yet it
WASHINGTON -- There are still some out there who do not consider
Yet it doesn't take a degree in advanced baseball analytics or even a fluency in them to understand deGrom has risen so far beyond his win-loss record as to render it irrelevant. In beating the Nationals, 4-2, on Friday at Nationals Park, deGrom took another step in proving that. He delivered his 23rd consecutive quality start to break a tie with Bob Gibson and Chris Carpenter, setting a single-season Major League record.
Now sporting a 1.77 ERA with one start remaining, deGrom has, for all intents and purposes, locked up the NL ERA title. More and more, the NL Cy Young Award also appears to be a foregone conclusion. deGrom has compiled more consecutive starts of three runs or fewer (28) than anyone in Major League history, and is almost certain to become just the sixth pitcher this century to throw at least 200 innings with a sub-2.00 ERA.
He struck out eight on Friday, increasing his season total to 259, the fifth-highest mark in Mets history; only Dwight Gooden and Tom Seaver ever racked up more. He also can join Pedro Martinez and Christy Mathewson as the only Major Leaguers in the last 110 years to post sub-2.00 ERAs with at least 250 strikeouts and 50 or fewer walks.
"He's just able to do things other guys aren't," Mets outfielder
On Friday, that began with what catcher
• Mesoraco returns from injury to catch for deGrom
Moments later, deGrom picked
"I've been fortunate enough to throw the ball pretty well this year," deGrom said. "I just try to learn from the outings that I've had and go out there and continue to throw the ball well."
The Mets even supported deGrom with offense this time, starting with Bruce's RBI single in the first inning. He hit an RBI double in the third, and
One start remains for deGrom: Wednesday against the Braves. If he wins, he will finish with a winning record.
"I think he's just getting better and better," Nationals outfielder
Bruce on the loose: Since coming off the disabled list in late August, Bruce has been on a tear, hitting twice as many home runs in his last 25 games (six) as he did in his first 62. Although Bruce did not homer off Nationals starter Joe Ross on Friday, he twice knocked in runs. The second of those, plating
"Last year was arguably the best season in my career," Bruce said. "You don't just forget. … I feel healthy now, and I just look to finish up here on a high note."
Although deGrom enjoyed a rare three-run cushion for most of Friday's outing, he upped his season total to 608 batters faced with the score either tied or the Mets leading or trailing by a run. That is the most in the Major Leagues.
Threatening to undo all of deGrom's early work, the Nationals brought the potential tying run to the plate with one out in the eighth, down by three.
"It's been pretty automatic. He's either going to give up zero or one pretty much every time he goes out. … It's so impressive. Jacob has, in my opinion this year, set himself apart with how he's performed. That's no disrespect to any of the guys who are having great years for the other teams, but Jake has been very dominant this year. … He's very, very boring in the best way possible." -- Bruce, on deGrom
With Zack Wheeler shut down for the year due to his heavy workload,
Anthony DiComo has covered the Mets for MLB.com since 2007. Follow him on Twitter @AnthonyDiComo, Instagram and Facebook.


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Schedule of Denver Art Museum Exhibitions
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Article Discussion: Schedule of Denver Art Museum Exhibitions
"Clyfford Still Unveiled: Selections from the Estate," through Nov. 16. The small but powerful exhibition includes 13 prototypical drawings and paintings offering a cross-section of the abstract-expressionist's output. It proceeds from early figurative works to the vibrant canvases that established him as a central figure in the 1940s and '50s development of abstract expressionism along wi...
Post your comments on the Denver Post article, Schedule of Denver Art Museum Exhibitions (click that link to go back and read the article).
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Lot located in a private gated community convenient to Cape Carteret, Swansboro , and Emerald Isle. National Park approximately 1/2 mile down the road offering water access. Lot is 35 and once had a mobile home that was recently removed.
Listing courtesy of Coldwell Banker Spectrum Properties.
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Watch: "I laughed at my Grandma's Funeral", Real Stories of People Who Suffer the JOKER Disease
Joker is THE blockbuster everyone's talking about right now. If you've been living in under a coconut somewhere and don't know what it's about, Joker is a movie about Arthur Fleck, a man who suffers from a disease called 'Pseudobulbar affect' (PBA), where he experiences uncontrollable laughing, and he eventually gets back at the society that shunned and ostracised him when he embraces madness and adopts a new violent persona.
Bad synopsis, I know, but hopefully it motivates you to watch the movie!
PBA is actually a real disease that causes uncontrollable laughter or crying, and the triggers include brain injury (#spoileralert?) and stroke, amongst other things. The heartbreaking video below shows the lives of actual people who suffer from PBA, where they're unable to control their laughter or tears in situations that don't demand it.
The video shows how these people suffer because of their disease, as one even said that everyone called him crazy when he was laughing at his grandma's funeral! Another lady was in tears, but she wasn't unhappy or sad, it's just the way her disease is. PBA is always mistaken for depression but the main distinction is that PBA lasts for short periods of time while depression lasts longer.
But the sad truth is that people who suffer from PBA often suffer from depression as the symptoms affect their daily lives, causing them to be depressed.
Many suffer from mental illnesses and many suffer in silence. If you are suffering from any mental illnesses, do seek professional help and don't stay silent.
Also read: People Watching 'Joker' Are Walking Out of Cinemas Worldwide Because The Film Too Violent & Realistic
This Doctor Shares How Most M'sians Suffer From Insomnia & Ways to Improve Your Sleep Quality
Malaysians are not getting enough quality sleep and it's affecting our health immensely. In fact, did you know that we...
No Maybank Account? Here's How You Can Still Use MAE e-Wallet to Enjoy A-MAE-ZING Deals & Discounts!
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Growing up with a protective Malaysian mum can sometimes get a little annoying as you might feel like you're constantly...
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Thailand Plans to Organise the World's First Ganja Festival In January 2020!
This Hawker Is So Handsome, A Girl Was Banned By Her BF from Eating at His Stall
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text:
mocha AE
mocha AE (com.imagineersystems.mocha4ae_adobe) is a Mac OS X software application that has been discovered and submitted by users of iBoostUp. The latest version that our iBoostUp users have reported seeing on their systems is mocha AE 3.1.0f6407. The most popular version of this application used by our users is version 2.6.2f4626.
More from Imagineersystems: mochaAE, mocha Pro, Mokey, mocha AE, License Manager, motor, mocha, Monet, mocha4fc, Mocha for After Effects
For more infomation on mocha AE please click here, or to find updates and downloads of mocha AE please click here.
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text:
On Monday night (25 April) more than 100 event professionals ascended to the Leadenhall Building's sky-high venue Landing Forty Two, for the launch of the eighth annual C&IT A List.
Celebrating the best agency talent aged 35 or under, the guest list included rising stars from drp, George P Johnson, MD Events, Grass Rooots M&E, Banks Sadler and Jack Morton Worldwide, amongst others. The group received a standing ovation from the room as the full 2016 A List was revealed for the first time.
Following the announcement, guests enjoyed the view with plates of smoked salmon, mini sliders, ice cream and Champagne.
Top stories if the week:
NYS Corporate sees new wins after profit boost
Zing Events hires business development director
Agency Light Motif hires new account director
BrandFuel appoints new staff members
More than 200 clients, event bookers and PAs gathered at BMA House for a festival-themed showcase to promote their summer packages.
Guests joined in the 'Where's Welly?' competition, spotting the pink wellies dotted around the venue. Resident caterers, BaxterStorey, served English sparkling wine, craft beer from Greenwich Meantime Brewery and a selection of eclectic street food including Brazilian cuisine, Shawarma with drama and The Mexican Kitchen.
Pastry demonstrations took place in the Paget Room, where guests had the opportunity to sample some of chef's special dishes. Later guests played table tennis and enjoyed music from the band, Buffalo Tale.
Event planners gathered for the launch of ExCeL London's new meeting and training facility, CentrEd ExCeL on Wednesday (27 April).
Guests had the opportunity to hear from keynote speaker and Meetology Lab CEO, Jonathan Bradshaw, on the science behind face-to-face marketing.
In addition to experiencing the brand new facility, event planners had the chance to network with industry colleagues, alongside members of the ExCeL executive and management teams.
• For more breaking news and in-depth features, sign up to C&IT Magazine's daily Newstracker here
Have you registered with us yet?
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Eyecon Art is a completely unique interactive photography concept for events. Using cutting-edge technology and bespoke camera adapters, our skilled photographers capture an ultra-high resolution photograph of your eye. With specialist image editing software they then isolate the iris and enhance its detail, then create a stunning piece of art for you to keep, either as a professionally-printed photograph or a digital version for sharing online.
At events, they're consistently the most popular attraction as each photo reveals a fascinating galaxy of pattern and colour which is completely unique to each person. The images can also be branded which generates a huge amount of social media engagement as visitors share their eye photos with friends and colleagues online.
It isn't too long until we'll all be sipping on mulled wine and looking… Read More
When it comes to music, we all have a favourite song. Music makes the… Read More
It's almost here. In around 70 days, Christmas Day will be upon us and… Read More


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Impact of the lung allocation score on survival beyond 1 year.
Journal Article
Implementation of the lung allocation score (LAS) in 2005 led to transplantation of older and sicker patients without altering 1-year survival. However, long-term survival has not been assessed and emphasizing the 1-year survival metric may actually sustain 1-year survival while not reflecting worsening longer-term survival. Therefore, we assessed overall and conditional 1-year survival; and the effect of crossing the 1-year threshold on hazard of death in three temporal cohorts: historical (1995-2000), pre-LAS (2001-2005) and post-LAS (2005-2010). One-year survival post-LAS remained similar to pre-LAS (83.1% vs. 82.1%) and better than historical controls (75%). Overall survival in the pre- and post-LAS cohorts was also similar. However, long-term survival among patients surviving beyond 1 year was worse than pre-LAS and similar to historical controls. Also, the hazard of death increased significantly in months 13 (1.44, 95% CI 1.10-1.87) and 14 (1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.87) post-LAS but not in the other cohorts. While implementation of the LAS has not reduced overall survival, decreased survival among patients surviving beyond 1 year in the post-LAS cohort and the increased mortality occurring immediately after 1 year suggest a potential negative long-term effect of the LAS and an unintended consequence of increased emphasis on the 1-year survival metric.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Maxwell, BG; Levitt, JE; Goldstein, BA; Mooney, JJ; Nicolls, MR; Zamora, M; Valentine, V; Weill, D; Dhillon, GS
Published Date
- October 2014
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 14 / 10
Start / End Page
- 2288 - 2294
PubMed ID
- 25208599
Pubmed Central ID
- 25208599
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1600-6143
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1111/ajt.12903
- eng
Conference Location
- United States


text:
Chào mọi người! 🙂 Tôi là một fan hâm mộ lớn của phấn mắt mờ và đôi mắt khói mờ này rất sang trọng và tinh tế – hoàn hảo cho mùa Thu này! …
Love you! And I love matte shadows! Youre def my go-to guru!
so polished!
Can anyone tell me which is better, sonia kashuk neutral palette or stila in the know palette?
iam not a matte eyeshadow girl i love eyeshadow with sparkle.
"yeah. That's awesome. I love that." lol!
Just got this palette, and this is the best look I've found so far!! Love!
Skincare companies want individuals to try their new products to show why they are worth buying.
Have you ever seen a beauty product area set-up in your neighbourhood shopping plaza offering free test products?
Well I found a website that will send free samples to your home, its the secret trick to free skin products 🙂
Have a look here bit.ly/19LCWfQ?v=jcvyf
Youtr Adorable
You are pretty but I think you should make your video shorter and do not talk while applying makeup….
Hey Christine! I'm thinking about getting some Milani products. What do u recommend?
You're so pretty!I love this make up so much~!Thank you^^
I think this look is really wearable even in Spring just for an edgy but everyday sort of look 🙂 Can't wait to try it out.
You are sooo flawless, omg
i tried this look for work today and i really loved it! thanks for the tutorial. you're doing a great job. keep up the good work!
Hi, do you have any tutorial or review on the brand Sleek ( think it's from the UK)? thanks!!
Do you wear circle lenses.If not, I love how you don't 🙂
are you related to cathy nguyen on youtube?? you sound alike and look alike. I just found you through everyday minerals search on youtube and havent seen to many of your videos to know if you comment on this at all or if anyone has already asked you. sorry if so! 🙂
Can u do tutorial for nake Platte. Can if u could,maybe I suggest that u can state wat colour and pdt name so make it easier for us to buy and rmb.
Love yr make up as always
Been a subscriber ever since you started here on youtube and I'm so happy that you haven't changed a bit! I remember you using mostly drugstore products and your personality towards makeup hasn't changed 🙂 Keep it up!
did you see michelle phan youtube she is pretty makeup guru too ^^
new to your channel. I would never have thought to pair these colors but you make them look GORGEOUS! Thx 🙂
@jevmwcu sure is right. nobody can believe about this quickly. but i can tell you one thing, i really ddnt expect that maybelline will send me the mascara without any dime. i got it from here. you can also try it > bit.ly/ULdfzG?=foeowe
can you do more tutorials with this palette? (:
where did u get that necklace? love it!
Oh my gosh!!! I've been looking for a guru that have hooded eyes. And I have exactly the same eyes shape as you .
I love your tutorial and I fell in love with this look.
Thank u so much <3
I would really love to see more of your make up tutorials on "Everyday makeup / looks". Thanks <3
For the past 8 months or so, you've had such a luminous glow about you! I don't know if it's because you're using different products or you've changed the lighting when you film or if you changed anything at all, but you're absolutely radiant!
It's beautiful.
Love the tutorials, as always.
love this look, beautiful
I want more sigma giveaways!
You are so cute and lovely!!
u do this so easy!!! n reli pretty!!!
You should do the boyfriend does my makeup tag 😀
I love your ayes
Hi! I´ve watched thid video some time ago and I want to ask something. Do you prefer MUFE eye primer to de UDPP? Can you make a video like the one you did on the ELF and the UDPP? I liked it and I bougth the ELF one and I liked it.
try castor oil on ur brows at night.
I've done this. It doesn't work for me at all. Try using a little bit of castr oil! Castor oil actually gave me some new lash growth. Just use a tad bit though.


text: It's happening only for dota 2 game and only for my main account. Some time ago i turned it off in dota 2 properties, but returned it back, then nothing... I tryed everything of: reinstall, check cache, turn off/on this option in dota 2 properties and steam overall, check config file, check programms, that can conflict with steam. Don't know what to do, because it's too strange. On my smurf it's working pretty good. So problem looks like caused of editing options on my main steam account, but i can't find anything new options, that would fix this. Help me please and sorry for my english


text:
Location: Helsinki, Commitment Full-time, Team Engineering
As a Frontend Engineer within the Facebook campaign management team called Midas, you will use your skills to build new capabilities to our core product and make sure our customers find the product efficient, easy to use and most importantly valuable. You will work as part of an independent full-stack team of currently 6 developers, so communicating with other engineers, product managers and designers, and customers is essential.
More about Team Midas
Midas team works to modularise our original codebase in order to serve other teams with well defined APIs for Facebook Campaign management, and to help us react faster to changes in our ecosystem. A big part of this work is also extracting functionality from the older codebase into new services written in TypeScript. At the same time we want to critically evaluate our features, and simplify and improve the user experience. Services maintained by the team are in the core of the Smartly's product.
Our Tech Stack: React, Flow, (AngularJS), TypeScript, PHP, GraphQL
Read more about how we have reworked our architecture.
Our recruitment process
1. First meeting: before diving deeper into your tech skills, we want to know who you are and what motivates you. This is also an opportunity for you to learn more about Smartly.io.
2. Meeting with the Team Lead: you get to learn more about team Midas from the Team Lead and discuss team specific expectations in more detail.
3. Technical interview: we'll discuss areas relevant to you ranging from frontend development to networks, security, and development methods. We're trying to get a clear overview of your skills and where you could learn more.
5. Final meeting with the Team Lead and our Engineering Director.
Who we are
Smartly.io is building a platform to automate every step of social advertising to unlock greater performance and creativity. We are a global team of over 350 Smartlies with footholds in 13 cities, serving more than 650 brands worldwide, including eBay, Uber and Ubisoft.
We're building the best product company to work for, where highly autonomous engineering teams can take full ownership of creating world-class software. As a Smartlie engineer, you get to tackle challenges of considerable scale and complexity. We develop our product at a fast pace and in close cooperation with the largest online businesses globally.
We take ownership, optimize impact and maximize learning. Smartlies choose us and grow with us thanks to the company culture and smart colleagues. Learn more at smartly.io/culturehandbook.
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Catalogue Reference:CAB/24/78
Image Reference:0059
MEMORANDUM BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR. I circulate for consideration by my colleagues the subjoined memorandum by the General Staff. WINSTON S. CHURCHILL.29th April, 1 9 1 9 .
1. The British Mission appointed to visit the enemy chemical factories in the occupied zone which were engaged in the production of munitions of war has made its report, and it is desirable that the attention of the Peace Conference should be drawn to the military implications of this report at the earliest possible moment. It may not be generally realized that, even at the end of the war, Germany still possesses a very powerful chemical industry, which owes its power chiefly to good organization and combination. This chemical industry is a very definite military asset, as the report of the British Mission shows, and if it is left to flourish untouched, it will succeed again in crushing the competition of other countries by under-selling, and Germany will thus be left with a chemical industry, which means large potential arsenals for the manufacture of gas and explosives, whereas the other countries, left with small chemical industries, will have correspondingly small potential arsenals. Moreover, the German processes for making ammonia and nitric acid from the air are of very great military importance. The Germans relied on them altogether for explosives, and also for fertilizers, which are indirectly of military importance. In this respect Germany has a great advantage over countries who depended on the import of raw materials from abroad for similar purposes. 2. The following is a precis of the Committee^ report: (a.) Germans should be made to surrender various chemical processes, including in particular the two processes for making ammonia and nitric acid from the air. This to be considered as part of the indemnity. (6.) For some years Germany should only be allowed to sell at controlled prices. (c.) An Allied Commission should be appointed to watch the whole German chemical industry. (d.) The large stocks of explosives and gases in Germany should be destroyed. (e.) Measures should be taken to destroy chemical factories in the event of a renewal of hostilities. ( / ) In addition, there are four recommendations calculated to foster our own chemical trade. 3. The following are the military considerations which affect this report: (a.) It is very important that the Germans should be made to surrender various chemical'processes, particularly those concerned with the making, of ammonia and nitric acid from the air. (6.) Since it is obviously important that this country should have a large and independent chemical industry, the control of Germany's prices would appear to be essential, (c.) The appointment of an Allied Commission to watch the German chemical industry is no doubt a desirable measure from an industrial and therefore from a military point of view. (d.) It is most desirable that the large stocks of explosives and gases in Germany should be destroyed, and that the Germans should only be allowed to hold very small stocks of these for their future army.(B19/205) 70 4/19 H&S 7072wo , .
(e.) Measures should certainly be taken to destroy the chemical factories in the event of the renewal of hostilities. (f.) All measures which will promote the development of the British chemical industry are strongly to be supported from a military point of view, since it is the best means of ensuring a large and rapid output of certain indis pensable munitions of war in the event of hostilities. 4. In conclusion, it is pointed out that it is essential that the report of the British Commission on the German Chemical Industries should at once be carefully considered, and that measures should be taken to nullify the undoubtedly enormous superiority in producing munitions now possessed by that large and well-developed industry. It is clear that all discussion regarding the limitation of national armaments is rendered nugatory if Germany is left with this powerful weaponin which she is still superior to any of the Allies. It is also pointed out that, until the limitation of Germanys chemical industry has not only been decided but until carried into practice, it is absolutely necessary for all the present military precautions and preparations in regard to the use of gas to remain in existence in this and other countries, and that instruc tion in gas warfare must continue to form a part of the training of the British Army.GENERAL STAFF, W A R OFFICE.
Brig.-General H . HARTLEY, C . C . W . D . Mr. F. H . CARR. Captain A. C. G . EGERTON. Lieut. H . G . GREENWOOD. Dr. H . LEVINSTEIN. Mr. W . MAONAB. Mr. A. W . TANGYE. Mr. S. I. LEVY, Secretary.
Delegates of the Allied Governments w h o accompanied the Mission in the British Zone :American. Lieut.-Col. G. W. STEESE, Ord., U.S.A. Lieut.-Col. J . F . NORRIS, C.W.S., U.S.A. Major T. W. SILL, C.W.S., U.S.A. Gapt, R. D. MCGRATH, C.W.S., U.S.A. Capt. J . W. MARTIN, Ord., U.S.A. Liout. H . J . HIMMELEIN, Ord., U.S.A. Italian.Capt. C. MAZETTI. Lieut. I. CARDOSO. Lieut. M . MALVANO. S i g . M . BONELLI. S i g . M . PEIRSEL.
Belgian.Capt. M. JANLET.
INTRODUCTION. The Mission was appointed to visit German chemical factories in the zone occupied by the Allies which had been engaged in the production of munitions of war. It was instructed t o obtain information as to the methods of manufacture, capacity and output of plant, and present stocks of explosives, poison gas and the initial products used in their production. T h e Mission left London on 29th January and spent from 1st February until 14th February inclusive in visiting the important chemical and explosives works in the British zone, and the chief chemical works in the French and Belgian zones, as follows :
British Zone.1.Farben-fabriken vorm. Friedrich BayerLeverkusen and Dormagen. 2.RheinisoheYYestfaelische Sprengstoff Aktien Gesellsckaft, Coin-Troisdorf. 3.Chemische Fabriken Griesheim ElektronWiesdorf. 4.Oarbonite Aktien G e s e l l s c h a f t - S c h l e b u s c h . 5.Rheinische DynamitfabrikOpladen. (5.Rheinische Sprengkapsel und Zundhiitchen Fabrik, G.m.b.H.Riipforsteg.
Belgian Zone.7 . - C h e m i s c h e Fabriken vorm. Weiler ter M e e r - U e r d i n g e n .
French Zone.8.Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius und Bruning, Hochst am Main. 9.Kalle and Co., Biebrich. 10.Verein, Chem. Fabriken, M a i n z - M o m b a c h . 11.Badische Anilin und Sodafabrik, Ludwigshafen and Oppau. The usual procedure was first to have a general view of a factory in order to get an idea of its lay-out and pre-war capacity, and of the w a y in which this had been utilized and extended for war purposes. Afterwards the Mission divided into three sections in order to g e t details of the war production as follows : .. Initial products (e.q., sulphuric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, I ^5" J ^ & J n . r -i t i Lieut. Greenwood, chlorine, caustic soda . ( , - T? L ' ' ( Captain Lgerton. / M r . Macnab. Explosives . . .. .. .. .. .. .. " m \ Mr. L e v y . r. f D r . Levinstein. Poison gas j ;6 , 1 r ( M r C a r r
The information obtained by eacli section has been embodied in the present report. In some cases considerable difficulty was experienced in obtaining accurate details of manufacture, especially as regards substances which have a peace value, and the information must be accepted with some reserve on this account, although it was checked by cross-examination ol the officials concerned, and by a careful examination of the plant admittedly employed for war purposes. As a result of its visit, the Mission has obtained valuable information as to the methods of manufacture of explosives and poison gases employed by the enemy, and of the initial products necessary for their production. It was also able to form a clear impression of the military value ot the German chemical industry. Some years before the war a combination was formed by the Bayer, Badische and A.G.F.A. Companies, and somewhat later a second group was formed which included Meister Lucius and Bruning, Casella and Kalle. During the war these two groups amalgamated, and the Griesheim Elektron, Weiler ter Meer, Leonhardt and other smaller companies entered the combination, which is k n o w n as the I.G. It was largely o w i n g to the efforts of this combination that Germany w a s enabled to continue the war in spite of the blockade. The I.G. works produced the bulk of the synthetic ammonia and nitric acid needed for the production of fertilizers and explosives, all the poison g a s (with the exception of some chlorine and phosgene), and a large proportion of the high.explosives. The following are the more important works of the I.G. which were not visited, as they are outside the occupied zone : Factories of the Aktien Gesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation; Factories of the Griesheim Elektron Gesellschaft; Factory of the Bayer Company at Elberfeld ; Factory of the Badische Company at Merseburg; Factory of Casella and Co., Mainkur, near Frankfurt; Factory of Leonhardt and Co., Muhlheim, near Frankfurt. A summary of the information obtained as to the war production of the factories visited i s given under the headings of Initial Products, Explosives and Poison Gases.
The principal materials concerned are ammonia, nitric acid and chlorine, and it was on the output of these that the war production of chemical munitions depended. The expansion of output by the factories of the I.G. combination during the war is shown by the following tables:
25 Nil 25
day).1914. Leverkiisen Hochst . Oppau Ludwigshafen.. Weiler ter Meer Total Oppau has the power to produce now 500 tons H N 0 t o supply the output at Hochst. 56 150 1918. 180 375 100 40 24 719
40? 12 - 258
Sulphuric Acid (metric tons 100 per cent, acid per day).1914. Leverkiisen Hochst Ludwigshafen Weiler ter Meer* * a ' D
a * a a a a a a
a t * a
* * * a a
a a
Meister Lucins and Briining have also erected a large n e w plant at Hochst which has not y e t started and was not examined. The Bayer Company has erected at Dormagen a large vitriol plant equal to 250 tons per day.
.. ..
N o arrangements appear to have been made prior to tno outbreak of war to utilize the resources of any of the dye factories for war purposes, and on mobilization their chemists were called up for military service. After the battle of the Marne the Government realized the need for expanding the output of explosives and most of the chemical works were producing small quantites b y the end of 1914. The demands made on them increased during 191.5, but it was not until 1916 that plant was laid down to assist in the enormous production of explosives required by the Hindenburg programme. Most of the b i g extensions of. the synthetic ammonia and of the nitric and sulphuric acid plants date from this time, many chemists being released from the army and the scientific staff of some of the works being augmented. Standardized plant used for the manufacture of dyes w a s converted for the production of explosives with remarkable s p e e d ; for instance, at Leverkiisen a T.N.T. plant producing 250 tons per month was put into operation in six weeks.
Quantities of intermediates are shown only where these were not converted to finished explosives in the producing works. (Metric tons per week,)1) -p c S .pA
o NrO
aI O u -P
a m a o-P(a
o ar-1
o aQ -P
aO C D
"3 a 3
a Q
o 3 a H 600 3* 30
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Leverkttsen Dormagen... Urdingen ... Hochst Ludwigshafen Oppau Merseburg Wiesdorf ... Schlebusch
15 120 150
Other intermediatesLudwigshafenSodium benzene s u l p h o n a t e - 1 0 0 tons per week. Other explosivesSchlebuschHexanitrodiphenylsulphide15 tons per week.
(Metric tons per w e e k . ) Factory. Cordite Nitrocellu- Diethyl di- Diphenyl- NitroDynamite. Tetryl. Fulminate. Lead lose powder. phenylurea. amine. glycerine. paste. azide. 35 250,,,* **
21 35 50 (?)
40 75 40
6 ...
07 7:
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A t first, chlorine and p h o s g e n e were the main requirements, but afterwards a variety of organic substances A v e r e employed, all of which were made b y the factories of the I.G. combination. Many of these substances were new and difficult to prepare, and rapid production was only possible o w i n g to the speed with which the peace organization of the dye factories could be utilized for this purpose. When the Government wished to introduce a n e w gas, a conference of the various f i r m s was held at Berlin to determine how the manufacture should be sub-divided in order to use existing plant to the best advantage. For instance, the initial stages of the manufacture of mustard gas were carried out at Ludwigshafen and the final stage at Leverkiisen. T h e following table shows the production of g a s and intermediate products in the various factories v i s i t e d :
Date of commencement.
5. Xylyl bromide 6. Brom acetone 7. Brom acetone Brom ethyl methyl ketone 8. Phenyl carbylamine chloride ... Hochst 9. Mustard gas ... Leverkiisen 10. Diphenylehlorarsine ... j-Hochst... j-Hochst.. . Diphenyleyanoarsine 11. Ethyldichlorarsine Hochst 12. Diciilormethylether Hochst 13. Dibrom methylether Hochst
Leverkiisen Hochst Ludwigshafen LeVerkusen Ludwigshafen Leverkiisen Hochst Leverkiisen Hochst Leverklisen Leverkiisen j - Hochst
Metric tons. Metric tons. 600 ... . 240 860 1,261 .. 30 288 621 300 139 266 200 ... 45 101 , 60 20 45 19, , ,
Prior to war. ,j j;j.
June , 1915. June, 1915. September, 1916. September, 1916. July, 1916. August, 1916. March, 1915. Early 1916. April, 1915.
65 150 150 78 26 7
March, 1917. Before July, 1917. 3,000 j May, 1917. 3,000 February, 1918. February, 1918. 1,092 August, 1917. August, 1917. 233 September, 1917. 69 April, 1917.
* Estimated from capacity of plant. Probably the same quantity was produced at some other factory as the output of thiodiglycol from Ludwigshafen would auffice for this.
Finished gas.
Intermediate -products.
Place of production.
Phenyl mustard oil ... Not obtained ... Kalle Phenyl mustard oil ...i
Thiodiglycol ... Phenyl arsenic acid ... Pheny l arsenic acid ... Diphenyl arsenic acid,.. Diphenyl arsenic acid,..
NOTE.In addition Hochst produced 3,000 tons of Diphenyl chlor- and cyan- arsines from own intermediates. Ethyldichlorarsine Ethyl arsenious oxide ' 840 Ludwigshafen Hochst.
The above figures for the output of explosives and gas show the great military value of the factories of the I.G. combination. Although no arrangements had been made to mobilize them at the outbreak of hostilities, they were rapidly converted to war purposes, thanks to their highly trained personnel and the great technical resources of their peace organization. In the future it is clear that every chemical factory must be regarded as a potential arsenal, and other nations cannot, therefore, submit to the domination of certain sections of chemical industry, which Germany exercised before the war. For military security it is essential that each country should have its chemical industry firmly established, and this must be secured as one of the conditions of peace, as otherwise w e are leaving Germany in possession of a weapon which will be a permanent menace to the peace of the world. The key to Germany's war production of explosives w a s the Haber process for the production of ammonia from atmospheric, nitrogen. It is significant that large scale production by this process only began at the end of 1912, and that in the early part of 1914 great pressure was put on the Badische Company to increase its output. During the war, o w i n g to the extensions of the Haber plants at Oppau and Merseburg, Germany has become independent of foreign countries for her supplies of ammonia and nitric acid, substances indispensable for the manufacture not only of high explosives but also of fertilisers for food production. Without such a process Germany could not have made the nitric acid required for her explosives programme, nor obtained fertilisers
for food production after the supply of Chile saltpetre had been stopped by our blockade, and it is probable that she could not have continued the war after 191.(5. In the event of another war we might be cut off from supplies of saltpetre, while Germany would be independent of them. The resources of the German dye industry are of no less military importance. Most of the gases em jloyed towards the end of the war were complex organic substances, none of which had been made previously except in small quantities, and some of which were prepared for the first time during the A v a r . Gas warfare will undoubtedly continue to develop in this direction, and in the future organic substances will be employed which w e do not know to-day. T h e use of gas will always offer great opportunities for surprise in military operations, and the experience of the present war has shown that rapid production of a ne.w gas is essential if the surprise is to be effective. Any country without a well developed organic chemical industry will be severely handicapped in this respect.
As it is clear that the military strength of a country depends to a large extent on the development of its chemical industries, it is necessary to review the present condition of these industries in Great Britain and Germany and to consider what steps should be taken to prevent Germany obtaining a predominant position. At the outbreak of war this country was competing successfully with Germany in the heavy chemical trade (acids, alkalis and bleach), but the organic chemical industry (dyes, pharmaceutical products, &g.) was almost entirely in German hands. British organic chemical works were much smaller than their German competitors, and all British chemical works were much more specialized, dealing separately with heavy chemicals, dye substances and pharmaceutical products. T h e y were not linked up in a combination such as that now existing in Germany. The big German firms referred to produced heavy chemicals, dyes and pharmaceutical products in the same works. This method of production has many advantages, as much transport is avoided and by-products can be utilized direct, o w i n g to the large variety of chemicals made in one factory. The range of production on a large scale also enabled the German works to crush competition in any one branch by selling below cost price without any material reduction of their annual profits. It was stated by the Badische Company that the financial arrangements between the companies in the combination prevented losses falling on any individual member of the combine. Thus, for instance, if a large profit were made by the production of synthetic ammonia at Oppau and Merseberg, the combination could afford to sell dyes below cost price. During the war considerable progress was made in this country in producing dyes and pharmaceutical products for which we had previously been dependent on Germany, but this expansion w a s made at a time when the energies of most firms were directed to producing munitions, and when it was difficult to obtain suitable plant, and considerable assistance will be necessary in order to protect our organic chemical industry' before it is sufficiently strong t o withstand German competition. After the war even the heavy chemical industry may be seriously threatened b y the Haber process for producing ammonia, which gives Germany a cheap independent source of nitrogen compounds. As the deposits of saltpetre in Chile on which the world is at present mainly dependent are of limited extent, and will before long be insufficient to meet the demands, the economic and military value of the Haber process, which offers the cheapest method for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is obvious. In spite of the shortage of materials and labour in Germany, the buildings erected during the A v a r in all the works visited were of permanent character, and the contrast between the peace time value of the extensions of chemical plant made in Germany and Great Britain since July, 1914, is very striking. In this country all the nitrate needed during the war was obtained from Chile, and the bulk of the plant erected A v a s for the production of sulphuric acid or for explosives ; consequently it Avill be of little use for peace purposes, as the capacity for sulphuric acid production will be much greater than the consumption. Germany, on the other hand, had to rely on synthetic nitrate, and therefore a large part of her capital expenditure was on ammonia and nitric acid plant which will be a valuable asset in the future. Her sulphuric acid plant was not increased to the same extent as ours, o w i n g to the existence of large oleum plants in dye factories, and as it was possible for her to use existing plant for the manufacture of explosives, she avoided to a large extent unproductive expenditure for this purpose. Thus, at the time of the Armistice, Germany is left with a chemical industry Avhich has a greater productive capacity than it had before the war. But in spite of this, there is no reason w h y she should regain her former position in the Avorld's chemical market, provided that measures are taken to assist the chemical industry in Allied countries during the period of re-construction. The general impression gained by the Mission was that the technical practice in the factories visited was not markedly superior to that obtaining in England at the end of the war, and in some respects it was inferior. The main source of the strength of the German chemical industry appeared to lie in its organization and in the large scale of its production, Avhich had been made possible by the ample financial support it had received. B y means of these advantages, Germany had been able to cheapen production and establish a strong economic position, and to secure the development of the industry by the large sums devoted to technical research. However, the rapid growth of British chemical industry during the A v a r proves that it can compete successfully with Germany provided that reconstruction is undertaken on a sufficiently large scale.
In view of the military and economic importance of the German chemical industry, the Mission is of opinion that this subject should receive special consideration both from the Armistice Commission and at the Peace Conference, and the following action is recommended : (1.) It should b e one of the conditions of peace that Germany should put the Allies in ' effective possession of such processes as are considered necessary for establishing chemical industries on a firm basis in other countries, one of these being the Haber process. A n y private rights in respect of such processes (if any could be established) can, if necessary, be considered as part payment of the war indemnity. (2.) For a limited period of years Germany should be compelled to furnish, at reasonable prices under Allied control, such chemical products as are required by the Allies, in order to prevent her from exploiting her chemical production so as to exert economic pressure in Allied countries. (3.) All chemical works in the occupied zone should be controlled as regards the supply of raw materials, the purposes for which these are used, and the ultimate destination of the products. (4.) The provisions of clauses (2) and (3) should be carried out by means of a Controller who should have at his disposal the services of experts in each branch of the industry concerned. The control by the several Allies should be closely co-ordinated. (5.) Enemy chemical factories of a character capable of being used for the manufacture of explosives and poison gas must be considered in any scheme for the delimitation of armaments, and arrangements should be made for their periodical inspection by an Allied Commission to determine the extent to which they are producing war material. (Note.Such inspection would not guarantee that the plant installed was not capable of being used for the production of toxic gases at short notice or even w a s not designed for that purpose. After seeing the facilities afforded b y the German chemical plant in this respect, the Mission is of opinion that whatever be the decision with regard to the use of g a s in warfare, the temptation to use it is such that it is essential to the military security of this country that adequate provision should be made to continue research in chemical warfare, and to provide the troops with means of gas defence.) ti.) Control should be established in chemical works not in the occupied zone to ensure that they are n o t used tor war purposes. (7.) T h e large stocks of explosives and poison gases now existing in Germany should be destroyed. (8.) In view of the possibility of a renewal of hostilities, measures should be taken so that all explosive factories and all works of primary importance for the production of explosives, such as Oppau, could be destroyed if they were likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. Further, the members of the -Mission are of opinion that the attention of the Government should be drawn to the military importance of developing and consolidating the chemical industry of Great Britain. T h e points requiring immediate consideration are : (1.) T h e speedy erection of factories on an adequate scale for the production of ammonia and nitric acid from the nitrogen of the air by means of the Haber process, in order to render this country independent of imported nitrate. (2.) The provision of factories on an adequate scale for the production of dye-stuffs and pharmaceutical products. (3.) Action to obtain the requisite security for the chemical industry during the period of its development. (4.) The provision of facilities for obtaining raw materials such as potash, alcohol and benzene under conditions favourable to the industry. (Signed) JL H. H A R T L E Y , Brigadier-General,