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Promise and Deceit: Pharmakos, Drug Replacement Therapy, and the Perils of Experience
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The problem of lying as a feature of medication compliance has been well documented in anthropological and clinical literatures. Yet the role of the lie—its destabilizing effects on the continuity of drug treatment and therapy, as a technology of drug misuse, or as a way to understand the neuro-chemical processes of treatment (pharmacotherapy "tricking" or lying to the brain)—has been less considered, particularly in the context of opioid replacement therapy. The following paper is set against the backdrop of a three-year study of adolescents receiving a relatively new drug (buprenorphine) for the treatment of opiate dependency inside and outside of highly monitored treatment environments in the United States. Lies give order not only to the experience of addiction but also to the experience of therapy as well. In order to better understand this ordering of experience, the paper puts the widely discussed conceptual duality of the pharmakon (healing and poison) in conversation with a perilously overlooked subject in the critical study of pharmacotherapy, namely the pharmakos or the personification of sacrifice. The paper demonstrates how the patient-subject comes to represent therapeutic promise by allowing for the possibility of (and often performing) deceit.
KeywordsAddiction Adolescents Lies Pharmaceuticals United States
I would like to thank Michael Oldani for his persistence in organizing this special issue of Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry; otherwise, I would have likely neglected the topic of lies for many more years. I appreciate the generous insights of Hermann Herlinghaus, particularly with helping me wrangle the tricky dimensions of pharmakos and its vast genealogy. I would also like to thank Annette Leibing, Johanne Collin, and the members of the MÉOS Research Group (Médicament comme Objet Social) at the Université de Montréal for their feedback on an earlier iteration of the paper. The paper benefited greatly from suggestions made by two anonymous readers. The majority of this research was conducted under a training fellowship from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse [F31-0202039—Sponsor: Dr. Jonathan M. Ellen, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics]. The Johns Hopkins University, Homewood Institutional Review Board approved the research [HIRB No. 2006021 "Therapeutic Contexts for Substance Abusing Adolescents"]. The names of the informants are pseudonyms.
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Dear Editor,
The evidence is strong that at the root of Rome's decline was a shift in ideas and attitudes away from respect for life, property, free enterprise, and representative government and toward the redistributive welfare state.
When the Romans abandoned self-responsibility and self-reliance and began to vote themselves benefits, use government to rob Peter to pay Paul, put their hands into other people's pockets, and envy and covet the productive and their wealth, they set into motion Kershner's First Law: "When a self-governing people confer upon their government the power to take from some and give to others, the process will not stop until the last bone of the last taxpayer is picked bare."
In the early days of the Roman republic, which gave way to political dictatorship with Julius Caesar's ascendancy in 49 B.C., Roman society employed substantial elements of a market economy and a public policy that encouraged entrepreneurship.
Modestly at first, but with increasing generosity, tribunes, senators, and, later, emperors promised the people free wheat and other staples. In the city of Rome alone, Julius Caesar found 320,000 of its 2 million people on government grain relief.
The central government also assumed the responsibility of providing the people with entertainment. Elaborate circuses and gladiator duels were staged to keep the people happy. The equivalent of $100 million per year in the city of Rome alone is one modern historian's estimate of what was poured out on the games.
In effect, the emperors were buying support with the people's money. After all, government can give only what it first takes. The emperors, in dishing out all these goodies, were in a position to manipulate public opinion. As Alexander Hamilton observed, "Control of a man's subsistence is control of a man's will." Not even the act of Emperor Constantine in granting tolerance to Christians for the first time saved the decaying empire from the consequences of its disastrous economic policies. Indeed, the church itself was corrupted by joining everyone else at the public trough.
When the barbarians entered Rome in 476 A.D. and swept aside the last of the Roman emperors, Rome was a shell of its former self. The barbarians didn't kill Rome; Romans committed economic and moral suicide.
Mark Pettis,
Most of this is from the author below.
Lawrence W. Reed, an adjunct scholar of the Mises Institute, is president of the Mackinac Center for Public Policy in Midland, Michigan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Manoochehr Manoochehr 7, 13 42 So if we consider "look forward to" to mean "anxiously await", then we can rewrite the phrase as:
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Sydney Airport
Flights cancelled due to strong winds at Sydney Airport
Travellers are facing lengthy delays with flights from Melbourne and Sydney cancelled due to strong winds at Sydney Airport.
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Tourism minister calls on airlines to start direct flights to India
One million Indian tourists are projected to visit Australia each year by 2030, but airlines are not keeping up with the surge in visitor numbers.
- by Andrew Taylor
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Fees associated with filing patent applications in Russia, as well as other patent fees, are available in the fee calculator.
The term for filing Russian patent application claiming priority is 12 months from the priority date. This term may be extended by two months if the applicant failed to file the application within the time limit in spite of due care.
To obtain the filing date the Russian patent application must contain at least the following:
- request to grant a patent;
- description of the invention;
- drawings, if the description has reference to them.
The official language for proceedings before the Russian Patent Office is Russian. If the patent application is filed in any other foreign language, the Russian translation may be provided within two months from the date of receipt of the corresponding Office Action.
To confirm the priority right, the applicant must provide a certified copy of the priority document within 16 months from the priority date. The translation of the priority document into Russian is not required. However, the translation of the priority document may be requested by the Russian Patent Office in some cases.
Notarization of the Power of Attorney is not required. Usually a scanned copy of the POA is sufficient for filing in the Patent Office. The original of the POA is not an obligatory requirement unless it is requested by the Patent Office in the process of the application registration.
A request to conduct the substantive examination should be filed within three years from the filing date of the application.
Disclosure of the information about the invention shall not disprove its novelty if it was made by the inventor or the applicant or a third party that obtained said information directly or indirectly from them and if said disclosure occurred within 6 months before filing the application with the Russian Patent Office.
The official fees for grant and registration as well as the first patent maintenance fees starting from the 3rd year should be paid within two months from issuance of the decision to grant a patent.
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1. Online Search Databases: Russian Patents and Utility Models, Eurasian patents (EAPO) (in Russian only).
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I weigh all the parts of my life up in a logical fashion, and I have few reasons to be this gloomy, but I know it's the darkness and the rain weighing on me, and I try and recognise that...
It feels like a lot of people I know are going through big life changes (some good, some bad) at the moment. I am lucky to have an amount of consistency and levelness, but alongside that, I do sometimes wrestle with a desire for change and movement (and even envy those who have it forced upon them). I need to work on finding ways to achieve that variety and adventure without tearing apart the stability and security I've worked so hard to achieve.
My lovely Alex is going through challenges of their own at the moment. I'm lucky to have them, and we probably owe each other more appreciation than we regularly give (but we try, and we talk, and we know this, which is half the battle). I had a flare up of some old back pain and ended up having to spend a day not doing much. By pure coincidence, it was a day when Charlie was going out on adventures with someone else — I'd planned on using that as an opportunity to catch up on lots of household tasks, but in the event, had to lie very still, which might have been just as good for me overall.
Luckily my back pain eased up enough to allow me to go to a show in Manchester, at which I danced the rest of it vigorously away (somehow?!), then stayed overnight at Kim and Sylvia's place before getting a train down to Brighton the next day. I was greeted in the morning by a friendly neighbourhood cat who came and curled up on my bed and enthusaistically rubbed itself on me, but then, abruptly, bit me. A friend of mine had been bitten by a cat a couple of weeks prior and had to go to A&E because apparently cat bites can get really gross and infected really quickly... Despite this bite barely breaking the skin, I am a hypochondriac and got VERY PARANOID
(Clearly I was fine though)
Back in Brighton, got to go and have dinner with my friend Zoe, who now lives in a house backing onto the garden of my beloved old Brighton home. Got a bit homesick-nostalgic-emotional.
Went to visit my parents who've got a new puppy. Promptly forgot how to do everything, including draw well.
Flying visit though (I'll be back soon), nice to get home to Alex and Justin and my own lovely doggo Charlie.
But also: welcome to my world (of detritus)
People who've read a while will know that a long stated aim of these visual diaries is for me to get better at drawing people and capturing likeness. I practice a lot but rarely share as it's still an uphill struggle. This is still wrong in a great many ways but I really enjoyed working with the ink, and it captures more than I usually manage of this distant friend (as I wrestle with our ever shifting time zones)
Yay visitors! Hannah came to visit the same weekend as Tom and Harriet, and we had a jolly weekend of chatter and walks and delicious food.
Linework from an editorial illustration (a piece I didn't entirely agree with), but again, capturing likeness has always been a challenge for me, and while this is not perfectly Theresa May, it is more Theresa May than I could have managed, for example, a year ago. (Pink notes added are my own. She has commited unforgiveable atrocities against the most vulnerable members of our society throughout her time in government and deserves no sympathy or forgiveness whatsoever. But still, just IMAGINE how many awful men she must have had to put up with over the course of her career. I shudder.)
It's that time of year when I do lots of drawings about walking for hours a day in the rain. Hi.
One big bright spot for me has been recent forays back into letterpress, after a long break since access to the workshop at Brighton university.
I loved it then, but also as a student was very much not in the headspace to give it the time or attention it deserved, so I'm delighted to be getting a chance to revist and relearn those skills. (My local co-working space the Egg Factory aquired a collection a few years ago, but haven't had anyone with the knowledge/patience/time to fully engage with it. I'm not even sure I have enough of those things, but I'm giving it a good go!)
Sometimes its fog instead of rain, and I'm quite into that actually.
Sorry, got a dog on me again!
On a very different note... I ummed and ahhed for ages about whether this one was 'too much' to share, but I really enjoyed a different style of drawing (after years of wrestling with feeling like I didn't have a 'style', I think I'm now often guilty of working too predictably), and it's a thought process I've been having recently in terms of the subject matter of the work I make, personally and professionally. I like weird art. I'm a fan of a super wide range of illustration and that's not neccesarily reflected in my own work because I feel like I'm too 'nice' to create stuff that's a bit more challenging. I mean, this is hardly pushing at that many boundaries really (you've all seen a bit of body hair before), but its more the thought process around where my creativity lies going forward. I don't want to fall into the trap of playing it safe all the time, both technically and in terms of subject matter. Don't worry, I'm not suddenly going to get super weird on you all (and I mostly keep that stuff to myself on the rare occasions I do anyway), but I think it's interesting to think about. (And if I see any fellow creatives/illustrators in real life soon, I'm keen to continue conversations and share thoughts around this kind of stuff, about growth and development, and the kind of work we want to do vs the kind of work we fall into)
Christmas shopping is... hard this year. Maybe it always will be from now on. I don't feel like I can carry on consuming in the way I always have done. I've got a long way to go, but I'm trying to change the ways and the things I buy to more sustainable ends. (I quit using Amazon about six months ago, and you know what, it's been easy. I'd encourage you to do the same, as a starting point.)
So here's the big thing, and it's new news to me as well, I'm excited/terrified again, and probably will continue to be so until the time comes... Since visiting the US back in April/May this year, I knew I needed to return, to LA especially. It was a complicated kind of place but it stole my heart as I'd wondered if it might. Since then I've been working harder than I ever have done before in order to save up enough money to go back. One of the main things helping see me through this winter has been the knowledge that I may be able to escape to sunnier climes in January, and I've just had confirmation from my work that I will indeed be able to do this. I booked flights yesterday, so there's no going back now. LA friends, I can't wait to see you again.
But in the meantime, focus closer to home. I'm so lucky to have such a wonderful creative community at the Egg Factory, and we're currently in full pom pom production mode ready for our Eggsmas craft fair on December 8th and 9th. I'll have a stall there selling my wares, and we'll be running a print-your-own Letterpress Christmas card activity too (among much else!). Please come visit, if you're in the area! I'll also be down in Brighton/London again December 10th – 15th, so hopefully one way or another I might get to see many of you this coming month.


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Welcome to the
Whisky Shop
Whisky Shop
The oldest expression in the Tullibardine line-up provides malt, cedar, cooked apples and wood shavings on the nose. Mouth-coating, with orange and cocoa powder. Dries quite steadily, with oak lurking behind ripe bananas in the lengthy finish. Another very accomplished old Tullibardine.Region / Country: Scotland


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Volunteer Opportunities
Camp Odayin would not exist without the generosity of the amazing people who donate their time! Throughout the year, we are joined by exceptional volunteers to support and guide our campers as volunteer nurses, camp counselors and cardiologists at camp. We welcome volunteer staff at Winter Camp in February, Residential Camp in July, Day Camp in August and Family Camp in October and November. Camp volunteers must be at least 21 years old. In order to foster independence, we do not permit family members of Odayin campers to volunteer during a camp session when their relative will be a camper. We welcome family members of campers to apply and attend during a different session. Please email us for information or to be added to our mailing list to receive information about volunteer opportunities.
Summer Camp Applications
Our Summer Camps in Minnesota and Wisconsin are staffed with volunteer camp counselors, nurses and cardiologists. The application will be available for 2020 camps in early March. Please email us for information or to be added to our email list to receive an application.
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Winter Camp applications are available in early December and all volunteer positions are filled on a rolling basis. Volunteer and camper transportation is provided to/from camp from both Bloomington, MN and Madison, WI. Please email us for information or to be added to our email list to receive a Winter Camp application.
Volunteer Position Descriptions
Volunteer Camp Staff Job Descriptions
Travel Support
There are transportation funds available to accepted staff members, please contact email@example.com to inquire!
Camp Odayin serves all people regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status.


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In its eight year history, Caruso's famous open mike night at Birdland has seen a huge number of major stars drop in unannounced. Fans pack the place hoping it might be the night that Michael Feinstein, Liza, Chita, Tony Bennett, Larry Gatlin, Lucie, Marilyn Maye, Paul Schaffer, Cheyenne Jackson, might pop in and sing a song or two. At Town Hall, last night, February 17th, Cast Party brought out the big guns for The Best of Jim Caruso's Cast Party in support of Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDs. (more...)
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The Two Must-See Museums in London
I have been asked: which museums should you see in London if you are only visiting for a weekend? And while I love art, anything more than one museum a day makes it difficult to fully absorb and appreciate everything that you have seen. There are a lot of great museums in London. How did I narrow it down to two? Well, for one, the British Museum is tainted for many due to its colonialist foundations and attitudes. Much of the collection originates from other cultures, and there have been refusals from the museum to return many of the pieces to their rightful owners. Its mission seems out of touch with the rising social awareness of our post-imperial world. So that museum is off the list. What's left? My two favorite museums are quite disparate—in architecture, art periods, and general function—but together they serve as cultural institutions that allow the public to appreciate and learn about important art.
National Gallery
Regarding the most respected and established art museums, it's usually between the National Gallery and the Tate Britain. I believe the National Gallery's classical offerings and stunnng architecture make it the ultimate time-honored museum of London. The Tate Britain (with British art going back to the 1500s) heavily features J.M.W. Turner paintings—a significant figure in British art history and deserving of acclaim—but the National Gallery does a better job of displaying a more comprehensive history of European art (from the 13th century to 1900). You could say it's what the Musée du Louvre is to Paris or what the Metropolitan Museum of Art is to New York.
Firstly, it is located on the iconic Trafalgar Square, which just screams relevancy. The building is Parthenon-like and sits atop the massive square's steps. The interior is just as impressive. There are unique rooms including marble columns, massive archways, and paintings arranged in a salon-like fashion.
The museum's collection features over 2300 paintings, which range from Renaissance to Post-Impressionism. The 15th century art and was among my favorite, including artists such as Jan Van Eyck and Sandro Botticelli. If you studied art history, you will observe much of the works probably included in some of your exams.
An important critique: The National Gallery needs more women artists. There are only 21 paintings by women in the entire collection, which is problematic for so many reasons. The museum began the hashtag #paintingherstory to tell the stories of the women featured in the museum's collection, and acknowledge their contributions to art history. The initiative is great, but hopefully this results in long-term outcomes, with more women featured in the permanent collection.
Tate Modern
My absolute favorite museum in the city. It may be my penchant for modern and contemporary art, but I feel that the Tate Modern is the most exciting and progressive major museum in London. It's the contemporary counterpart to the Tate Britain, featuring international works from 1900 to the present-day.
The museum overlooks the Thames River and is a converted power station, hence its brick/steel exterior, giant chimney, and blocky stature. The building features a turbine hall, which is now renowned for its captivating installations. Olafur Eliasson's 2003 Weather Project comes to mind.
Some memorable experiences at this museum: the dimly lit room with Mark Rothko paintings that forced me to sit and contemplate for 15 minutes. Plus, a super interesting video on how museum conservators preserved his works. Seeing a room full of Gerhard Richter's abstract blur paintings. An international exhibit on Pop Art that excluded Andy Warhol for once. Jenny Holzer, Guerilla Girls, Sam Gilliam, Doris Salcedo. So many great female artists and artists of color displayed. Tate Modern is also where I saw El Anatsui's and Lygia Pape's work for the first time.
Ok, enough name dropping. The general organization of the museum is great, as it it sectioned by themes that encourage viewers to confront their ideas about art. Some galleries focus on cultural and societal context, some on material and form, and some on process and concept. The exhibitions put on by the museum are diverse, interesting, and important. For example, the Tate Modern exhibited Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, which later came to the United States via the Brooklyn Museum.
Currently on display, that seems interesting at the Tate Modern: ARTIST ROOMS: Jenny Holzer, on view until July 7, 2019. And, Franz West, on view until June 2, 2019.
See more art posts here.


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Daily Archives: 9th July 2019
Book Review: Elizabeth von Arnim, Vera
As you may know from previous posts, I have been tracing the genetic mutations from which the genre of paranormal romance arose by looking at an earlier manifestation, Gothic romance (or romantic suspense). This genre flourished from about the 1940s … Continue reading
Posted in OGOM Research, Reviews Tagged Daphne du Maurier, Elizabeth von Arnim, Genre, Gothic romance, Paranormal romance, The Brontës, Wuthering Heights 2 Comments
Conference Report: Queer Fears Symposium (University of Hertfordshire), Odyssey Cinema, St Albans, 28 June 2019
Conference report by Daisy Butcher, PhD candidate, University of Hertfordshire On Friday the 28th of June I attended the Queer Fears Symposium run by my wonderful secondary PhD supervisor Dr Darren Elliott-Smith at the Odyssey Cinema in St Albans. The … Continue reading
Posted in Conferences Tagged body horror, Film, gay, horror, lesbian, queer, serial killers, TV, Vampires, Zombies 1 Comment