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[G.R. No. L-60706. October 15, 1983.]
, v. ANDRES GREFIEL, alias EDDIE GREFIEL,
The Solicitor General for
Camilo A. Camenforte for
1. REMEDIAL LAW; APPEALS; FINDINGS OF FACT BY THE TRIAL COURT ARE ENTITLED TO GREAT WEIGHT ON APPEAL. — The fundamental rule is that conclusions and finding a of fact by the trial court are entitled to great weight on appeal and should not be disturbed unless for strong and cogent reasons, because the trial court is in a better position to examine real evidence, as well as to observe the demeanor of the witnesses while testifying in the case. (People v. Balili, L-38250, August 6. 1979, 92 SCRA 552.) This case is covered by the fundamental rule since the trial court's action is well-grounded. The appealed judgment of conviction is in, accordance with both the evidence and the law.
2. ID.; EVIDENCE; CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES; TESTIMONY OF RAPE VICTIM, CREDIBLE IN THE CASE AT BAR. — Where only the complainant and the accused gave direct oral evidence on the alleged sexual incident and the latter claimed that he was elsewhere on the date mentioned in the complaint but admitted nonetheless that he had sexual relations with the former by mutual consent, the court has to determine whether or not a sexual act did take place and under what circumstances. In the case at bar, the Supreme Court found the accused-appellant's claim that he and the complaint were lovers too crude so be convincing. The complainant reported the rape to her mother-in-law as soon as the latter arrived on that day and did not report the incident to her husband's brothers-in-law for fear that there might be a fight. As to the amendment of the complaint from attempted rape to that of consummated rape when her husband arrived from Manila, the complaint well explained that she found the filing of a complaint for consummated rape very shameful and that she was afraid that her husband might not return to her anymore, especially because she was about to give birth.
Herminia O. Java, a married woman,
Eddie Grefiel of attempted rape in a verified complaint filed with the Municipal Court of Marabut, Samar, on October 21, 1976. The crime was allegedly committed on September 28, 1976. (Expediente, p. 4; also Exh. B.)
On January 17, 1977, Herminia amended her complaint. Instead of attempted rape, she accused Grefiel of rape said to have been committed as follows:
"That on or about the 28th day of September, 1976, at about 12:30 past noontime, in Barangay San Roque, Marabut, Samar, Philippines, and within the preliminary jurisdiction of this Court, the said accused EDDIE GREFIEL, by means of violence and intimidation, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the complainant Herminia O. Java, against her will." (Expediente, p. 2; also Exhs. C and C-1.)
Grefiel waived preliminary investigation. The case was elevated to the Court of First Instance of Samar where it was docketed as Criminal Case No. 906. After trial, the court rendered the following judgment:
"WHEREFORE and in view of the foregoing, judgment is hereby rendered finding accused ANDRES OR EDDIE GREFIEL guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Rape as charged in the amended complaint, and hereby sentences him to RECLUSION PERPETUA, and to indemnify Herminia Java in the amount of P12,000 without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency and to pay the costs." (Expediente, p. 195.)
The case is now before this Court on appeal.
It was in People v. Imbo, L-36759, August 31, 1982, 116 SCRA 355, where our learned Chief Justice Enrique M. Fernando said:
chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
"The difficulty, recognized and acknowledged, in the decision-making process where the prosecution is for rape, arises from the fact that usually only the participants can testify as to the alleged sexual abuse. The accused may deny such an occurrence, put up the defense that he was somewhere else, or allege the consent on the part of the complainant. The court then is left with no choice but to exert the utmost effort to determine the likelihood that a sexual act did take place and under what circumstances. Such choice is not always easy." (At p. 357.)
The above quotation has complete relevance to the case at bar where only the complainant and the accused gave direct oral evidence on the alleged sexual incident and the latter claimed that he was elsewhere on the date mentioned in the complaint but admitted nonetheless that he had sexual relations with the former by mutual consent.
The People's version of the facts is as follows:
"The complainant, Herminia Java, was at the time of the incident, 25 years old, married to Antonio Java, and residing in the house of Roberta Java, complainant's mother-in-law, at Barangay San Roque, Marabut, Samar. She was then four (4) months pregnant. (pp. 3 & 19, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977). Accused Andres Grefiel alias Eddie, on the other hand, was then 33 years old, married, a fish vendor, and residing in the same barangay of San Roque, about ten (10) meters away from complainant's residence. (pp. 84-85, t.s.n., July 10, 1978)
"On September 28, 1976, at about 12:00 o'clock noon,
Grefiel together with Ernesto Ruste, Guillermo Albarracin, Ponso Parado and Eulogio Batica, were having a drinking spree in the aforesaid house of Roberta Java. Except for Grefiel and Ruste, the three others in the group are brothers-in-law of complainant's husband. (pp. 37-39, t.s.n., March 6, 1978; p. 26, t.s.n., Jan. 4, 1978). At that time, complainant's husband was in Manila (p. 13, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977). Her mother-in-law, on the other hand, was in the farm in the mountain.
"At about 12:30 o'clock in the afternoon of same day, complainant went out of the house and proceeded to the coconut plantations of Remigia Dacquittal to answer a call of nature. As she stepped out,
Grefiel noticed her. And, a few minutes thereafter, Grefiel excused himself from the group. (pp. 39-41, t.s.n., March 6, 1978)
"When Herminia was already squatting on the improvised toilet in the field, reading old magazines while defecating, she heard some footsteps approaching. Upon seeing accused-appellant herein, she abruptly stood up, hurriedly put on her panty, and immediately ran away. The accused, however, chased her. He caught up with her when she stumbled on the roots of a coconut tree. Forthwith,
Grefiel grabbed her, covered her mouth with his hand, and dragged her towards the bushes. (pp. 3-6, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977). Herminia struggled to free herself, but her strength was no match to that of Grefiel's. The accused forced her to lie down, and lasciviously, he placed himself on top of her. He then kissed her, held her breast and private parts, and then tore away her dress. (pp. 6-8, id., Exhs. "A", "A-1" and "A-2")
"Herminia, however, kept on fighting to save her honor. She struggled and kicked, but the accused, who was covering her mouth, succeeded in pinning her legs and body while lying on top of her. Thereupon, the accused forcibly removed her panty. Because of continuous struggle, Herminia weakened. Accused Grefiel, on the other hand, became more ferocious, trying hard to force his organ inside hers. To avoid penetration, Herminia continued to move and struggle. Despite her continuous resistance, however, Grefiel succeeded in having a complete penetration. He followed this with a vigorous push-and-pull movement. After a short while, Grefiel ejaculated. (pp. 8-11, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977)
"Having completed his carnal desire, Grefiel stood up, put on his pants, and left the complainant who was crying in shame. Grefiel then went back to rejoin the group which he left (p. 13, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977). Upon his return, he was asked where's the `pulutan', to which he answered he found none. Quietly, he approached his compadre, Ernesto Ruste, and whispered something. They then partook another round of tuba, after which Grefiel and Ruste asked permission to leave. (pp. 41-43, t.s.n., March 6, 1978)
"Meanwhile, Herminia went home with her torn dress. She avoided being noticed as she was ashamed. (pp. 14-16, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977). Quietly, she changed her dress and lay down on bed crying. When her mother-in-law arrived from the farm at about 6:00 o'clock in the evening, she told her: 'Nanay, I was raped by Eddie.' (p. 16, t.s.n., id.). Roberta Java was shocked. She could not comprehend what her son (complainant's husband) would do upon knowing it. She became apprehensive of the embarrassment and humiliation that it would cause. Eventually, Roberta Java advised Herminia to file a complaint, not for consummated rape although that was the crime actually committed, but only for attempted rape, to avoid public humiliation (pp. 63-68, t.s.n., June 1, 1978). When complainant's sister-in-law, Preciosa Albarracin, arrived home a few days later, Herminia also informed her of what had happened. Following the advice of Roberta Java, complainant Herminia was assisted by Preciosa in filing the case for attempted rape against accused Grefiel. (pp., 16-17, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977)
"Because of the said incident, Herminia got sick and almost suffered a miscarriage. She was attended by a `hilot' in the locality to prevent the threatened abortion on her 4-month pregnancy. She was not able to submit herself to medical examination because there was no doctor in their municipality. In the meantime, she informed her husband about the incident through a letter. When her husband arrived home from Manila, she narrated to him what had actually happened. With the help of her husband, she subsequently corrected her complaint to that of consummated rape to state the truth of the incident. (pp., 17-23, t.s.n., Aug. 1, 1977)." (Brief, pp. 1-6.)
Contraposed to the above is the appellant's version which is:
"Accused, Eddie Grefiel, a fish vendor, and the herein complainant, Herminia O. Java, are neighbors at Barangay San Roque, Marabut, Samar. Their houses are just about ten (10) meters away from each other. As early as July, 1976,
-appellant frequented the house of the complainant almost daily to drink tuba which she sells in her store at her house. Herminia's husband, Antonio Java, was not then at Barangay San Roque as he left the place for Manila more than a year before July, 1976. On those occasions that accused Eddie Grefiel was in the house of Herminia Java to drink tuba, she would tell Eddie Grefiel to bring squid and fish to be made into `kinilaw' and everytime he would bring fish and squid to Herminia, the latter would tell him to come back to her house to have a drinking spree. Those frequent visits of Eddie Grefiel have developed between him and Herminia Java an intimacy that eventually the two ended as lovers. For the first time they consummated their carnal desire for each other in that coconut plantation of Remigia Dacquittal located a few meters away from the house of Herminia. The place became the usual place of rendezvous for the two as several other meetings took place thereat at two or three days interval. On about four instances however,
and Herminia Java had sex in the latter's house usually at 11:00 o'clock in the evening.
"Sometime on September 26, 1976,
Eddie Grefiel had a drinking spree with Eulogio Batica, Guillermo Albarracin, Ernesto Ruste and Ponso Parado, at the house of Herminia Java. They started drinking tuba at about 8:00 o'clock in the morning. Herminia Java and her daughter were in the house but not Herminia's mother-in-law who was in the mountain then. Herminia would join in the drinking but would stand up when somebody would buy in the store. It was about noontime while Herminia Java was washing the glasses at the kitchen when the accused Eddie Grefiel told Herminia to go to the usual place at Daquittal's coconut plantation. She agreed and Eddie returned to the table where they were drinking. When Herminia Java was about to go out of the house, she made signs to Eddie that she was already going to the place. Eddie did not immediately follow Herminia but waited for about five minutes before standing up and made an excuse to the group that he was going home first. Eddie went to his house first and thereafter, proceeded to their usual meeting place. When he arrived Herminia Java was already there standing and he told her to remove her panty and lie on the coconut leaves. They then had sexual intercourse after which Eddie told Herminia to go ahead. Eddie went back to the house of Herminia a little while after Herminia. The group was still there in the house of Herminia and they continued to drink tuba. After consuming tuba on the container, Eddie Grefiel asked Herminia Java to give them another gallon of tuba which Herminia did and she joined them. It was about 1:00 o'clock in the afternoon when Eddie Grefiel went home from that drinking spree in the house of Herminia Java." (Brief, pp. 5-6.)
The appellant claims that:
"III. FINALLY, THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONVICTING THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT OF THE CRIME OF RAPE AND SENTENCING HIM TO SUFFER THE PENALTY OF RECLUSION PERPETUA." (Brief, p. 1.)
The assignment of errors raises only one issue: which version is more credible?
In this jurisdiction and in other countries where the law has developed beyond the primitive stage, "It is a fundamental rule that conclusions and findings of fact by the trial court are entitled to great weight on appeal and should not be disturbed unless for strong and cogent reasons, because the trial court is in a better position to examine real evidence, as well as to observe the demeanor of the witnesses while testifying in the case." (People v. Balili, L-38250, August 6, 1979, 92 SCRA 552, 560-561.) This case is covered by the fundamental rule; the appeal must be dismissed; and the judgment of the lower court must be affirmed.
The appellant questions Herminia's claim that she was raped in the coconut plantation of Remegia Daquittal. He says that the site of the alleged rape is near several houses, including Herminia's, and people pass it in going to their farms. But no less than the appellant in his own statement of facts says that the Daquittal coconut plantation was the venue of their first and other sexual encounters. This is what the appellant's brief says:
"These frequent visits of Eddie Grefiel have developed between him and Herminia Java an intimacy that eventually the two ended as lovers. For the first time they consummated their carnal desire for each other in that coconut plantation of Remigia Daquittal located a few meters away from the house of Herminia. The place became the usual place of rendezvous for the two as several other meetings took place thereat at two or three days interval."
cralaw virtua1aw library
In the light of the foregoing, it passes understanding how the appellant can claim that the venue was unsuitable for the crime of rape.
The appellant's claim that he and Herminia were lovers is too crude to be convincing. As the trial court said:
chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
"There is no doubt that the sexual intercourse was accomplished through force. The torn portions of the maternity dress (Exhibits "A-1" and "A-2") complainant was wearing at the time of the incident attest to said fact. Although no other physical evidence of force is shown on record other than the torn dress and of course the statement of the complainant to that effect, there is also no evidence satisfactorily belying the same."
cralaw virtua1aw library
The appellant asks why Herminia did not report the rape to her husband's brothers-in-law. Her explanation is reasonable; she said:
chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q And what happened when you returned to your house?
A I did nothing. I only changed my dress and I did not tell them because I was afraid they were all men and besides my mother-in-law was in the farm.
The interpretation would be — I did not inform them because my mother-in-law was in the farm. They were drinking in the kitchen I just went up the house passing the sala and changed my dress. I did not say anything for fear that there might be a fight." (TSN, August 1, 1977, pp. 14-15.)
As a matter of fact, Herminia reported the rape to her mother-in-law as soon as the latter arrived home on the same day. This circumstance belies the appellant's claim that he was having an affair with Herminia.
The appellant also asks why she initially filed a complaint for attempted rape only. This was very well explained by her as follows:
Q Now, Mrs. Java you stated that instead of filing a case of consummated rape you merely filed a case of attempted rape for the first time. Will you please tell us why you filed a case of attempted instead of consummated rape?
A First, it was very shameful and secondly, I was afraid my husband might not return any more especially that I was about to give birth.
Q When you filed a case for attempted rape where was your husband?
A He was in Manila.
Q Now, you also stated that you need the amendment of your first complaint from attempted rape to consummated rape. What were your reasons that made you amend your complaint from attempted rape to rape?
A I changed that attempted rape to rape because my husband interrogated me about that case.
Q And what did your husband say if you remember?
A He said to me, 'because you are my wife you tell me all the truth.'
Q Only that?
A Then I told him that the act was consummated.
Q What was the reaction of your husband, if any?
A He did not harm me because that was not my voluntary act.
Q When you went to the Municipal Judge of Marabut, Samar to amend the complaint, was your husband with you?
A Yes, sir.
Q You also stated on cross examination that you did not submit to a physician for examination. Why did you not submit?
A Because they only got a local midwife 'hilot' as I was about to have a miscarriage." (TSN, January 4, 1978, pp. 31-33.)
We have said that the findings and conclusions of the trial court should as a rule not be disturbed. The trial court's action is well-grounded. It said:
chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
'It is quite difficult for the Court to believe that Herminia Java, a young married woman with two children, a second year commerce student of the Divine Word University, four months pregnant at the time of the incident would publicly disclose through the filing of the case, that she has been raped thus sullying her honor and reputation in the community and undergo the trouble and humiliation of a trial if her motive was not to bring to justice the person who wrong her."
cralaw virtua1aw library
WHEREFORE, the decision and judgment under review being in accordance with both the evidence and the law, the latter is hereby affirmed in toto with costs against the
Makasiar (
), Aquino, Guerrero and Escolin,
, concur.
Concepcion and De Castro, Jr.,
, are on leave.
Supreme Court Decisions
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Observing that a plea filed by BJP leader Shobha Surendran was for "cheap publicity" and "abuse" of the court process, the Kerala High Court on Tuesday dismissed it and imposed a cost of Rs 25,000 on her.
Reports said the BJP leader apologised to the court.
A division bench of Chief Justice Hrishikesh Roy and Justice A K Jayasankaran Nambiar termed as "mischievous" the public interest litigation seeking a direction to the state government to furnish all cases that resulted in acquittals from January 7, 2014 till now and also the designation and names of the officers who had probed the cases.
Terming her case an experimental litigation, the court even turned down her request to withdraw the petition observing that it would set a bad precedent and send out a wrong message.
In her petition, Sobha sought a directive to take disciplinary action against police officers who had investigated criminal cases that resulted in acquittals.
She accused the police of registering several false cases against the poor and downtrodden in the state.
The BJP leader also cited alleged incidents of an IPS officer daring to question a high court judge during his Sabarimala pilgrimage and humiliation of a Union minister by the same officer on the pretext of maintaining law and order.
On September 28, a five-judge Constitution bench had paved the way for entry of women of child-bearing age into the temple, saying the ban amounted to gender discrimination. The BJP and other right-wing outfits have been on a warpath after the Left government decided to implement the SC order. After the protests erupted, the police had thrown a huge security cordon over Sabarimala and nearby areas. Prohibitory orders and restrictions were also imposed in and around the hilltop shrine.
TDB seeks more time
Meanwhile, the Travancore Devaswom Board, which manages the shrines, has sought more time to set up facilities for women devotees. In an affadavit filed in the Kerala High Court, the TDB said it has moved the top court seeking more time to implement the verdict citing security issues and inadequate amenities. However, it said facilities, including wash-rooms for women, were available at Pamba, Nillakkal and Sannidhanam.
The TDB gave the explanation while the Kerala HC was considering a petition by four women, seeking protection to enter the temple.
Read more: Sabarimala news


text:
The Case for a New Focus System
Twenty years ago I wrote my first Web Application. Essentially a message board system it had no semblance to a modern web application, of course, but it contained many of the features we see on modern applications even now. Users could register, login, read messages, post messages, reply, etc. It was written in ColdFusion 1.5 and everything was backed to a Microsoft Access Database; ancient technology by any modern standards.
The reason for this personal memory reflection is to illustrate a specific problem I had back then, a specific problem that we as web developers still face today: Focus.
See, in my nascent Web Application there was a login form: standard username and password and submit button thing we have today. And I wanted the user to be able to type their username, press ENTER to move to the next field, type their password, and press ENTER to submit. This field advancement behavior mimicked they way the logged into their network accounts at the time. This meant turning to JavaScript: a language and concept just in its infancy.
The need was to notice when someone pressed the ENTER key while in the currently focused field. When that occurred, I wanted to advance the focus to next field. Simple, right?
Move the clock forward some twenty years. I am building a web application for my new company and, of course, it has a login form with a username, password, and submit button. And, of course, I want to advance the focus when someone presses ENTER. It should come as no surprise but twenty years later and I have the exact same problem to solve. Instead, the surprising bit is that twenty years later, it still has the same solution:
var usernameField = form.querySelector("input[type=text]"); var passwordField = form.querySelector("input[type=password]"); usernameField.addEventListener("keyup",function(event){ if (event.code!=="Enter") return; passwordField.focus(); });
The Current Focus API
The history of our current focus system is pretty simple...
In January of 1998 we get the first formal specification of focus in the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification.
element.blur()work almost identically the same as they did twenty years ago.
element.focus()will request the focus be given to a specific element.
element.blur()will move the focus upwards in the DOM to its parent focusable container.
Later we get focus events...
blurevents let one track where the current focus is and respond to changes in the focus.
focusoutare defined around this time as well, but we do not formally get them until much later.
Still later we get a few more small focus additions.
document.hasFocus()will indicate if a given document has focus either itself or as one of its descendants.
document.activeElementwill return the current element of the document that holds the focus, if any.
Together these represent the state of the current focus system we have today. It's adequate, it gets the job done, but it could be, it should be so much more.
The Problem with Focus Today
There are two very specific problems with our current focus system...
1). Determining if an element can receive the focus is extremely complicated. There are well defined rules in the WHATWG HTML Specification (section 6.4)
but specifications can be hard to read and getting this right has been a
problem for many who have tried. INPUT tags, Anchor tags, the
attrbitues, ARIA attributes, etc., they all contribute to whether or
not an element can receive focus; not to mention if an element SHOULD
recieve focus.
2). There is no way to move the focus forward or backward without knowing what element needs to receive the focus. This is especially becoming more problematic in the age of Web Components. Say, for example, I wanted to write a Web Component for a username field that would advance the focus to the next focusable element when ENTER is pressed. From the components perspective it knows nothing about what is outside of it, what element receives the focus next. Advancing the focus is entirely impossible without external knowledge.
Both of these problems make working with focus harder than it needs to be. A modern web developer should not have to go to difficult lengths to do simple, common things. We can do it better.
Solving Modern Focus
To address focus for modern web development, we need to answer both of these concerns. We need a means to determine what is focusable and a means to advance to, and fallback from, the actively focused element. Answering these two points is paramount. If we can add in some other "nice to haves", so much the better.
First and foremost, we need a call to determine if an element is focusable or not. A call such as
whould work ideally here. It should respond with a boolean true or
false and take into account all of the various ins and outs of whether
something can be focused and absolve the developers from having to
interpret the specification themselves.
Second, a means to move the focus forward or backward from some given
element without knowing what is before or after it. This can take a
form such as
focusManager.forward() or
Additionally, while we are at it, a means to identify what is the next
or previous focus of any given element should be easy to determine.
Something like
focusManager.next(element) or
focusManager.previous(element) that will return the next or previous element that could receive the focus.
A handful of other convience methods are also extremely easy to do once we have
element.isFocusable(). A means to get all of the focusable elements of the container, for example, with
focusManager.orderedElements(element). Or even more simple would be to have a way to find what was last focused prior to the current focus such as
focusManager.previouslyFocused or a history of focus changes such as
All of these new focus requirements are geared at making focus easier to use and easier to understand. This in turn lends itself to creating more consistency for the users, which means easier and more understandable user interfaces and happier customers for everyone.
With these new APIs, moving focus goes from the code we showed you above to
form.querySelector("input[type=text]").addEventListener("keyup",function(event){ if (event.code!=="Enter") return; focusManager.forward(); });
It's not a huge reduction in lines of code, but it is vastly superior in complexity of understanding. And that should be the goal of any new system.
Making It Happen
So, how do we make focus better, how do we make the things we discussed here a reality for all?
To address the problems of focus once and for all requires a change to the HTML specification that is managed by the W3C. Unless you are one of the big three browser creators, the process to enact change within the standards is very difficult. Fortunately, the W3C knows that this can be difficult and it created the Web Incubator Community Group or WICG. This is an online community dedicated to discussing and promoting new ideas for the W3C to consider. The WICG was created specifically for "everyday citizens" to propose and discuss changes to the W3C standards.
To that end the FocusTraversal API, which encapsualtes all of the focus related features offered in this article, was proposed to the WICG on March 13, 2019.
But the WICG is a very tiny microcosm and not a lot of people know it exists, even within the W3C standards body. The WICG is the starting point for any proposal, but to really enact change you need community support. And this is where you can help: the FocusTraversal API proposal will never be realized without a lot more support. It needs further discussion in WICG; it needs outside promotion on twitter, reddit, and the like; and it needs participation and issues on Github.
We have gotten the ball rolling. We have written the PROPOSAL and a more detailed EXPLAINER. We have written a POLYFILL to demonstrate the ideas. Yet writing these thing is the easy part; spreading the word is the challenge. If you want to help, and we are begging for help here, we need more engagement. We need discussion about the proposal on the WICG Discourse board; we need participation in the Github with issues and pulls and comments; and we need help spreading the word on twitter and reddit and blogs and the like.
So, if you are willing to help, and we hope you are, please get involved, please spread the word, and please help us make focus easier to use for everyone.


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Blue Peter 2015 Episode 6
Radzi Chinyanganya joins diving star 14-year-old Matthew Dixon, and the presenter is challenged to take the plunge from a 10m height. Plus, Lindsey Russell and Barney Harwood meet an up-and-coming racer and compete in a head-to-head driving challenge.
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text:
Brevard County-based BRPH Cos. has recently opened a second office in Georgia, this one in the historic district of Savannah as the company expands its client base outside Florida.
With an office in Atlanta and four in Florida, including Orlando, privately held BRPH is handling new projects in several Georgia communities for companies and agencies including Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., Savannah-Chatham public schools, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Savannah District, and EFACEC Manufacturing in Effingham County.
BRPH is an international integrated-services firm, providing in-house design and construction services including planning, architecture, engineering, interior design, design-build and construction management.
The company serves clients in markets such as federal government, institutional, industrial, aerospace, commercial, public utility and municipal. It also has handled more than 700 educational projects in the Southeast. In addition to its main office in Melbourne and the one in Orlando, it has Florida offices in West Palm Beach and Fort Myers.
The Orlando office of Apartment Realty Advisors Florida represented Boca Raton-based Altman Development in the sale of the 298-unit Preserve at Longleaf multifamily community in Melbourne for $26.6 million. Kevin Judd of ARA's Orlando office brokered the sale. Constructed in 2006, the Preserve at Longleaf has 23 two-story apartment buildings and a 6,000-square-foot clubhouse. The community was 86 percent occupied at the time of the sale.
Madden, Moorhead & Glunt Inc., civil engineers in Maitland, has been retained by Orlando Gateway Partners LLC to provide civil engineering, permitting and construction administration for a commercial center on State Road 436 north of Orlando International Airport.
CB Richard Ellis in Orlando said Erik W. Schwetje, vice president, brokered a two-year lease renewal on 171,876 square feet representing Orlando Warehouse Portfolio Inc., the landlord. The tenant, Ikon Office Solutions Inc., was represented by Kevin Hoover, also of CB Richard Ellis. The space is in the Beeline Distribution Center, on Investors Row in Orlando. . . .
Sperry Van Ness in Lake Mary negotiated a five-year office lease with First Summit Financial of Orlando valued at $262,000. The office is in the Mitsubishi Building on Colonial Center Parkway in Lake Mary. Todd Haber of Sperry Van Ness/Paradigm in Lake Mary represented the tenant, First Summit. Michael Caridi of Colonial Properties Trust in Lake Mary represented the landlord, Colonial Properties Trust. . . .
Crossman & Co. in Orlando recently negotiated three leases totaling 6,880 square feet at Orlando shopping centers on Colonial Drive and on International Drive. Daniel Germano, a Crossman associate, negotiated all three transactions representing the landlords. Germano negotiated a five-year lease with BC Beauty Salon for 1,200 square feet in the International Festival center representing the landlord, Armand Palmvest Limited Partners. Armando Perez of Aros International Realty represented the tenant. In Fashion Village, Germano negotiated a five-year renewal on behalf of the landlord, F.F. Fashion Village Partnership, for 4,478 square feet. The tenant occupying the space is the Orlando franchisee of Educational Outfitters, one of the nation's largest school-uniform companies, which has other Florida locations in Tampa and West Palm Beach. Germano also negotiated a lease renewal in Colonial Corners shopping center for 1,200 square feet; Today's Ministry is the tenant. . . .
Trinity Tax Solutions LLC leased 4,500 square feet of retail space on Bruton Boulevard in Orlando for three years from Anvil Development Corp. Jeff Tanner and James Coppersmith of Coldwell Banker Commercial NRT in Maitland negotiated the deal. Tanner and colleague Kim Brackett also negotiated a five-year, 6,000-square-foot lease of retail space in Longwood Shopping Center for Allied Veterans of the World Inc. The landlord is GS Realty Inc. . . .
Tizon Commercial LLC negotiated for Design Interactive a one-year extension of current office space and a new five-year lease expanding into 8,000 square feet in Oviedo Office Parks. Parks Wilson is owner and manager of the complex. Alan Gooch, managing partner of Tizon Commercial, represented Design Interactive. . . .
Highwoods Properties Inc. has renewed HKS Architects Inc. for 15,741 square feet in Landmark Center Two, on East Robinson Street in downtown Orlando.
Jim Hachey of Coldwell Banker Commercial NRT in Maitland negotiated the sale of a 4,566-square-foot industrial building on Jackson Avenue for $550,000. The buyer was Michael & Lorraine LLC; the seller was Astakos LLC.
Interior build-out
Spolski Construction Inc., a full-service general contracting company in Sanford, recently completed the interior build-out for Sweet Cheeks Boutique, a high-end retailer of baby and toddler clothing. The 1,400-square-foot store is on West State Road 46 near Lake Forest in the Westwood Village retail center in Sanford.
Orlando-based Johnson-Laux Construction was awarded a multiyear job order with Indyne Inc./U.S. Air Force for projects at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Patrick Air Force Base and Kennedy Space Center. The estimated dollar value of the contract was not available.
Keene Construction Co. of Maitland is wrapping up work on the expansion of Town Center at Boca Raton, and interior renovations for The Capital Grille restaurant in Boca Raton, for Simon Property Group of Indianapolis. The improvements were designed by Slattery & Associates of Boca Raton and are scheduled for completion in March.
Altamonte Springs-based Tilt-Con Corp. completed the two-story, 55,177-square-foot Ring Power-Pompano flex-space facility in Pompano Beach under a contract with The Stellar Group of Jacksonville.
GVA Advantis, a Washington, D.C.-based commercial brokerage, reports progress throughout its offices in the past six months, including the Orlando division.
In Orlando, senior director Lisa Bailey closed 24 new leases, renewals, expansions and lease extensions representing more than 96,000 square feet and valued at a combined $10.56 million.
The Orlando office also hired longtime local broker Carol Tanner as associate of office services, and Buffy Gillette as broker assistant.


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Home / Events / 2009 - Racing Green FFF launch [23]
The launch of the FFF head for the TVR Speed 6 engine, at Racing Green Cars.
This was initially a mirror of my Flickr account, but then when Flickr introduced a 1000 pic limit on free accounts, I deleted a lot of my Flickr pics but kept them here.
I've also added some other pics that never went onto Flickr.


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The external assessor's job should be a simple one: to visit you in school, look at your evidence and verify the judgment made by your designated recommending body - the body that says you are qualified to teach - that you meet the required standards.
But there's a good chance your external assessor is turning up cold, having never been to your school or met you or any of the other staff. He has a lot to get his head around in one day.
So make things easy for him. Don't be a passive participant when you get your visit - it's not just his responsibility to make it a successful day, it's yours too.
Don't sit around worrying, then panicking, and then expect the assessor to turn up and do everything by themselves. Both of you want the same thing out of this day - to see you get qualified - so it's up to you to share the responsibility for making sure that the visit is a good one. You have inside knowledge of the school routines, the staff and the site itself.
Don't expect your assessor to absorb this by osmosis: you take responsibility for organising the smooth running of the day.
Be pro-active. Be organised, and don't leave things to chance. There is nothing more stressful than wondering where the external assessor has got to at the start of a lesson - and finding out later that he'd ended up wandering around a completely different building.
Before the day of the visit Let everyone know. Let the school receptionist have details of your final assessment and the name of your assessor.
Clear your timetable Make sure you have got cover sorted out for all your duties, any clubs and after school meetings. If possible, teach only the lessons when you will be observed.
Organise your portfolio Check that you have all the relevant examples of meeting the standards for qualified teacher status. Include a classroom seating plan. Attach one to each of your observation lesson plans for the day. Indicate where specific pupils sit, such as those with special educational needs ot those with English as an additional language. That way the assessor doesn't need to interrupt your lesson.
Have a map of the school site Ask for one in the office or draw one yourself. It'll be really useful for your assessor, especially if you're in a large school. Make sure a room is available. Your assessor needs to be able to work undisturbed, and have meetings with you and other staff. He'll have asked the school to organise this already, but you should check that the room has everything he'll need: a large table, space to spread out your files, no disturbances during the day, heating that works, and tea, coffee and water available.
Do a personnel check Remind people meeting the assessor of the when and where.
On the day: Organise the greeting. Your assessor will let you know when he is due to arrive. Either meet him yourself or, if you're teaching, ask reception staff to escort him to where you will be.
Feed him. Check whether he has made plans for eating. Book a school lunch if he hasn't.
Talk through the arrangements for the day. In the room that you've set aside for him, give your assessor his itinerary for the day: a written sheet of times, people and places where meetings will take place. If there have been changes to the original timetable, make sure he knows what they are and where he should go if there has been a room change.
Introduce your mentor or tutor It looks good if you're the one to make the introductions. It shows your confidence.
Explain your portfolio Show how you've organised your portfolio at the start of the day if you can, so your assessor can work his way through it. Have an A4 sheet or indexing system to show what lives where in your files.
Be available at all times Even when you are not with the external assessor, make sure you let him know how to contact you. If your school is large, give him your mobile phone number - it's easier than sending out a search party.
At the end of the day Remember your manners. As the assessor leaves, remember to say thanks and safe journey. A good finish to the day is as important as a good start and he'll be as exhausted as you are.
Afterwards Give yourself a treat. Make sure you have something special planned for the evening, but don't underestimate how shattered you'll probably feel.
Gill Williams is the deputy director of the graduate and registered teachers programme and an external assessor for the GTP


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Generic ecological impact assessment of alien species (GEIAA): the third generation of assessments in Norway
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The generic ecological impact assessment of alien species (GEIAA) is described. It comprises a set of criteria and an assessment procedure. The set of criteria consists of three criteria that quantify invasion potential, and six criteria that capture the ecological effects of alien species. The threshold values for all criteria are numerically defined, rendering the set of criteria fully quantitative. Genericity is ensured by using criteria that are applicable to all taxonomic groups and in all habitats. In being generic, quantitative, ecological and normatively neutral, the criteria were inspired by the international Red List criteria. Capturing both invasion potential and effect, GEIAA can be regarded as a full ecological impact assessment. The assessment procedure contains guidelines on documentation, the collection of background information, the handling of uncertainty, and quality assurance. GEIAA represents the second revision, and thus the third generation, of assessment methodology in Norway. It has recently been used to carry out more than 2500 impact assessments of alien species in Norway and Sweden.
KeywordsEcological effect Interaction with native species Invasion potential Invasive species Quantitative set of criteria Risk assessment
The signatory states of the Convention on Biological Diversity have committed themselves to "Prevent[ing] the introduction of, control[ling] or eradicate[ing] those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species" (CBD, Article 8 [h]). As a step towards fulfilling this obligation, the Norwegian government has decided to carry out ecological impact assessments of alien species on a regular basis. The body responsible for these assessments is the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC). So far, three such rounds of assessments of alien species have been carried out in Norway, and the methodology used has been improved each time, based on the experience collected. The first assessment was purely qualitative in nature, and covered 217 selected alien species (Gederaas et al. 2007). The second assessment used a completely new set of criteria, which was semi-quantitative (Sandvik et al. 2013). It was used to assess 1383 alien species (Gederaas et al. 2013). The third impact assessment, which has been completed in 2018, covered 1532 taxa, including all alien species (within certain delimitations) known to occur in Norway (H. Sandvik et al. in prep.). The aim of this paper is to describe the method used in the third assessment, the generic ecological impact assessment of alien species (GEIAA). GEIAA is a revised version of the method that was used in the previous assessment (Sandvik et al. 2013). Due to the revision, GEIAA's criteria are now quantitative throughout. With 1532 impact assessments in Norway and an additional 1033 impact assessments in Sweden (Strand et al. 2018), GEIAA is among the most widely applied alien species assessment schemes.
GEIAA's set of criteria
The core of GEIAA is the set of criteria, based on which species can be assigned to five ecological impact categories from 'no known impact' to 'severe impact'. Three criteria (A–C) are used to assess invasion potential, while the remaining six criteria (D–I) capture the ecological effect of species. For each species, all nine criteria are to be assessed, assigning scores between 1 and 4.
Criteria, scores and threshold values for the classification of the invasion potential of alien species
Score for invasion potential
M edian popu lation lifetime
E xpansion speed
Colonisation of ecosystems (%)
< 10 years
< 50 m/a
< 5
≥ 10 years [and B ≥ 2]a
≥ 50 m/a
≥ 5
≥ 60 years [and B ≥ 2]a
≥ 160 m/a [and A ≥ 2]a
≥ 10
≥ 650 years [and B ≥ 3]b
≥ 500 m/a [and A ≥ 3]a
≥ 20
Criteria, scores and threshold values for the classification of the ecological effect of alien species, criteria D–G
Score for ecological effect
Documented or likely effect on
Native species
Other (%)
< 5
Weak and Local
moderate a
> 0%
≥ 5
local displacement
≥ 2%
≥ 10
moderatea or displacement
large-scale displacement
≥ 5%
≥ 20
Criteria, scores and threshold values for the classification of the ecological effect of alien species, criteria H and I
Score for ecological effect
Documented or likely transmission of
Genetic material
Parasites or pathogensb
Locally to native species
Prevalence increases with moderate effecta
Large-scale to native species
Existing parasite to novel hosta
To threatened or keystone speciesa
Existing parasite to novel threatened or keystone hosta, or of a novel alien parasite
Definitions of key terms
AOO (area of occupancy) the specific area that is inhabited by a species and that is essential for the survival or reproduction of its individuals (measured as the total area of occupied 2 km × 2 km grid cells, excluding cases of vagrancy; IUCN 2017)
Delimitation any condition that must be met by a species (in addition to being alien) to be assessed (relevant delimitations may be historical, geographical, ecological and/or taxonomic; for use in Norway, delimitations follow H. Sandvik et al. in prep.)
Displacement reduction of a native species's AOO or EOO by at least 1% through interactions with an alien species
Ecosystem all organisms within a more or less uniform and delimitable area, the total environment they live in and are adapted to, and the processes that regulate the relationships between the organisms and the environment, including human activity (for use in Norway, definitions of ecosystems follow Halvorsen et al. 2016)
EOO (extent of occurrence) the area of the smallest convex polygon that can be drawn to encompass all occurrences of the species (IUCN 2017)
Expansion speed the annual increase in the AOO of the species, measured in metres per year (H. Sandvik in prep.)
Heavily modifiedecosystem characterised by a high intensity of anthropogenic disturbance, often brought about by interferences that have changed the structure and/or other features of the system so strongly that the resulting ecosystem and biotic relationships are disrupted or absent (Halvorsen et al. 2016)
Interaction competition, herbivory, predation, parasitism, allelopathy and indirect effects (e.g., apparent competition) with/of/on native species
Introgression transfer of genetic material from the gene pool of the alien species to the gene pool of at least one native species (mere hybridisation without subsequent backcrossing does not fulfil this definition)
Keystone species a species that, despite being relatively rare (in terms of biomass), can have a large effect on the abundance, distribution or diversity of other species (based on Power et al. 1996; for applications of this definition, see Valls et al. 2015)
Large-scale effect that affects (or will most likely affect) at least 5% of the population size or AOO or EOO of a native species
Local effect that affects (and that most likely will remain constrained to) less than 5% of the population size and AOO and EOO of a native species
Median population lifetime: the time when it is 50% likely that the population in the assessment area has gone extinct due to natural factors alone (cf. Table A1 in Online Resource 1)
Moderate effect that results (or will most likely result) in a reduction of at least 15% in the population size of at least 1 native subpopulation over a 10-year period, but without displacing any native species (a population decline of 15% per decade corresponds to a reduction in carrying capacity of 15% per decade or in the annual multiplicative growth rate of 2%)
Rare an ecosystem that is near threatened (NT) because of a low number of occurrences (i.e., according to criterion 2 or 3 for the red-listing of ecosystems; Lindgaard and Henriksen 2011)
Substantial state change in an ecosystem that corresponds to at least one well-defined (countable) level or to more than one-third of the levels defined for the environmental variable concerned (Halvorsen et al. 2016), or to that number of levels more than the state change would have been in the absence of the species
Threatened a species or ecosystem that is listed as vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN) or critically endangered (CR) according to the appropriate Red List (in the case of Norway, Lindgaard and Henriksen 2011; Henriksen and Hilmo 2015)
Unlikely an effect that has an expected likelihood of less than 25% for being above the lowest threshold of its criterion (Tables 2, 3)
Weak effect whose negative consequences on the population size of native species will be less than moderate
Overall impact
severe impact (SE),
high impact (HI),
potentially high impact (PH),
low impact (LO) or
no known impact (NK).
Criteria A–C: invasion potential
Invasion processes can be split into two phases, which form the basis for one criterion each: establishment and expansion. A third criterion relates to the area of ecosystems that is colonised.
Population lifetime The higher the median population lifetime of an alien species, the higher the species scores on the invasion axis (Table 1).
Expansion speed The higher the expansion speed of an alien species, the higher the species scores on the invasion axis (Table 1).
Colonisation of ecosystems The larger the area of an ecosystem colonised by an alien species, the higher the species scores on the invasion axis (Table 1).
Criteria D–I: ecological effect
Interactions with threatened or keystone species The stronger the negative ecological interactions an alien species has with threatened or keystone species, the higher the alien species scores on the effect axis (Table 2).
Interactions with other native species The stronger the negative ecological interactions an alien species has with other native species (that are neither threatened nor keystone), the higher the alien species scores on the effect axis (Table 2).
Changes in threatened or rare ecosystems The larger the area of threatened or rare ecosystems undergoing substantial change due to an alien species, the higher the species scores on the effect axis (Table 2).
Changes in other ecosystems The larger the area of other ecosystems (that are neither threatened nor rare nor heavily modified) undergoing substantial change due to an alien species, the higher the species scores on the effect axis (Table 2).
Genetic contamination The larger the likelihood and consequence of an alien species genetically contaminating native species by introgression, the higher the alien species scores on the effect axis (Table 3).
Transmission of parasites The larger the likelihood and consequences of an alien species acting as a vector for parasites (including pathogens such as bacteria or viruses) to native hosts, the higher the alien species scores on the effect axis (Table 3).
GEIAA's assessment procedure
In addition to the set of criteria described above, GEIAA contains guidelines on the procedure of assessment. Assessments are carried out by experts in a purpose-made web application, the Alien Species Database. This application has two interfaces: an assessment interface and a public interface. The assessments and all documentation are registered in the assessment interface (for an English test version, see http://efab.artsdatabanken.no/fab/efab/), which is only accessible to the assessors, facilitates standardisation across assessors and provides a way of archiving all data. After completion of assessments and quality assurance, the results are made available in the public interface (for Norwegian assessments, see https://artsdatabanken.no/fremmedartslista2018).
Time frame All assessments are to be based on historical and current effects. Assessments of criteria C–I should also consider effects that, based on documented evidence, can be expected to occur within 50 years into the future.
Documentation A criterion is not regarded as met unless documentation is available. In addition to the documentation regarding the nine criteria, further information is archived in the Alien Species Database, including species characteristics, distribution history and pathways of introduction and spread (Table A3 in Online Resource 1). Documentation may consist of scientific publications, but also of the assessors' own observations or judgements and other unpublished data or analyses, provided the latter are uploaded to the Alien Species Database.
Uncertainty Uncertainty is reported in terms of interquartile ranges (equivalent to 50% confidence intervals).
Quality assurance Assessments are to be carried out by expert panels rather than single assessors. Assessors receive training from NBIC, and NBIC checks whether assessments have been following the guidelines. Before finalising assessments, the preliminary results are circulated for public comment.
- (1)
GEIAA is generic in the sense that it is applicable to all living taxonomic groups, irrespective of phylogenetic position, habitat or status. This is corroborated by the fact that it has been used in Norway to assess 1460 species and 72 sub-specific taxa belonging to all major eukaryotic groups ('algae', animals, fungi, plants); occurring in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats; leading sessile, vagile or parasitic lives; and including both established alien species and door-knockers (H. Sandvik et al. in prep.). So far, it has not been applied to unicellular organisms or viruses, but GEIAA would presumably be applicable in those cases, too, since it worked well with pathogens such as oomycetes. Genericity is attained by avoiding taxon-specific or taxon-dependent criteria, such as population size, fecundity or dispersal distance. Instead, GEIAA uses parameters that are directly comparable (e.g., population viability, AOO, species interactions).
- (2)
GEIAA assesses ecological effects in the sense that anthropocentric effects of alien species are deliberately excluded from the set of criteria. Direct or indirect, positive or negative, effects upon human health, ecosystem services, economy, aesthetics etc. are regarded as anthropocentric in this context, as is the feasibility of management measures. Information available on such effects is collected as part of the assessment procedure and made available to stakeholders and the public together with the ecological results (cf. Table A3e in Online Resource 1), but it does not affect the impact score. This is because the aim of GEIAA is a purely ecological and normatively neutral impact assessment, in analogy to the Red List, which is based on ecological criteria alone. The weighting of ecological (e.g., conservation) concerns against economic and other anthropocentric issues is a decision of a normative or political rather than a scientific nature, and it should therefore be taken by management authorities. GEIAA is meant to provide the ecological background knowledge needed by the authorities for making informed decisions on alien species management.
- (3)
GEIAA defines (ecological) impact as the product of invasion potential and (ecological) effect. This definition is based on the understanding that impact is proportional to the area invaded, to the density attained, and to the per-capita effects exerted (Parker et al. 1999). As the area colonised often will be unknown and increasing, area is replaced by a species's invasion potential. Population density and per-capita effect can be combined into a measure of per-locality ecological effect. These two factors must be multiplied, and not added together, if the ecological impact is to be quantified (cf. Branquart 2009; D'hont et al. 2015). A species will thus have a small impact whenever one of the factors is small. This is the rationale for using a two-dimensional impact matrix (Fig. 1). The concept of impact underlying GEIAA differs from some other assessment schemes (e.g., EICAT, GISS; Hawkins et al. 2015; Nentwig et al. 2016), which do not explicitly incorporate the spatial component (area invaded), so that their "impact" is equivalent to our concept of (per-locality) ecological effect. In Jeschke et al.'s (2014) framework, our definition of impact is unidirectional (by excluding positive effects), normatively neutral (by excluding human values), quantitative (see below), ecological (see above); and its spatial, temporal, taxonomic and functional scales cover impacts of the entire alien population in the assessment area within 50 years, and on all multicellular taxa at all organisational levels (gene to ecosystem).
- (4)
GEIAA is a fully quantitative set of criteria in the sense that all thresholds for all criteria are numerically defined (Tables 1, 2 and 3, Box 1). Although the need for quantitative assessments is widely recognised (Lodge et al. 2006), the majority of assessment schemes is still qualitative (Verbrugge et al. 2010). Quantitative sets of criteria have several advantages over qualitative ones, including a higher degree of repeatability, testability and transparency (Tversky and Kahneman 1974; Burgman 2001; McCarthy et al. 2004). In a comparison of twelve impact assessment schemes, GEIAA obtained the highest repeatability (i.e., the lowest coefficient of variation of species scorings across assessors; González-Moreno et al. 2019), which is likely due to its quantitative nature.
We are grateful to Vigdis Vandvik, Øyvind Bonesrønning and Snorre Henriksen for input that helped to improve the assessment procedure, and to Merethe Aasmo Finne for her participation in the revision process.
Author contributions
LG was administratively responsible and HaS scientifically responsible for the revision process. AGF, HH, TLM, TR and OS were members of the scientific advisory panel that revised the set of criteria. HaS, OH and LG revised the assessment procedure with input from RE, HH and HeS. HeS designed and developed the Alien Species Database. HaS wrote the paper with input from the remaining authors.
The development of the method was financed by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre. HaS was also supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme (Project No. 223257).
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary material
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- Gederaas L et al (eds) (2013) Alien species in Norway: with the Norwegian Black List 2012. Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, TrondheimGoogle Scholar
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Copyright information
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.


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KG&L Capital Management LLC increased its position in shares of Boeing Co (NYSE:BA) by 20.6% during the third quarter, according to the company in its most recent 13F filing with the SEC. The firm owned 3,138 shares of the aircraft producer's stock after buying an additional 535 shares during the quarter. Boeing comprises about 1.1% of KG&L Capital Management LLC's portfolio, making the stock its 23rd biggest position. KG&L Capital Management LLC's holdings in Boeing were worth $1,193,000 at the end of the most recent reporting period.
A number of other hedge funds have also recently bought and sold shares of the stock. Claraphi Advisory Network LLC raised its stake in shares of Boeing by 3.6% in the second quarter. Claraphi Advisory Network LLC now owns 2,943 shares of the aircraft producer's stock worth $1,071,000 after purchasing an additional 103 shares during the last quarter. Dupont Capital Management Corp raised its stake in shares of Boeing by 0.3% in the second quarter. Dupont Capital Management Corp now owns 45,420 shares of the aircraft producer's stock worth $16,533,000 after purchasing an additional 125 shares during the last quarter. Corrado Advisors LLC raised its stake in shares of Boeing by 4.1% in the second quarter. Corrado Advisors LLC now owns 7,901 shares of the aircraft producer's stock worth $2,876,000 after purchasing an additional 310 shares during the last quarter. Cubist Systematic Strategies LLC raised its stake in shares of Boeing by 1,405.4% in the second quarter. Cubist Systematic Strategies LLC now owns 30,830 shares of the aircraft producer's stock worth $11,222,000 after purchasing an additional 28,782 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Greenleaf Trust grew its holdings in shares of Boeing by 6.3% in the second quarter. Greenleaf Trust now owns 5,782 shares of the aircraft producer's stock valued at $2,105,000 after acquiring an additional 342 shares in the last quarter. 67.85% of the stock is currently owned by institutional investors and hedge funds.
Several research firms have recently issued reports on BA. Jefferies Financial Group reduced their target price on Boeing from $448.00 to $420.00 and set a "buy" rating for the company in a report on Friday, July 19th. JPMorgan Chase & Co. reduced their target price on Boeing from $430.00 to $425.00 and set an "overweight" rating for the company in a report on Thursday, July 25th. Bank of America reduced their target price on Boeing from $420.00 to $415.00 and set a "neutral" rating for the company in a report on Wednesday. Goldman Sachs Group reaffirmed a "neutral" rating and issued a $375.00 target price on shares of Boeing in a report on Friday, July 12th. Finally, Berenberg Bank set a $440.00 target price on Boeing and gave the company a "buy" rating in a report on Friday. Three investment analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, eight have assigned a hold rating and fourteen have issued a buy rating to the company. The company has an average rating of "Hold" and an average target price of $403.10.
NYSE BA traded up $3.92 on Friday, hitting $374.92. 3,934,744 shares of the stock traded hands, compared to its average volume of 3,719,077. The business's fifty day moving average is $370.70 and its two-hundred day moving average is $362.49. Boeing Co has a 12 month low of $292.47 and a 12 month high of $446.01. The firm has a market capitalization of $210.51 billion, a price-to-earnings ratio of 23.42, a PEG ratio of 12.21 and a beta of 1.25. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 48.98, a quick ratio of 0.29 and a current ratio of 1.03.
Boeing (NYSE:BA) last announced its quarterly earnings data on Wednesday, July 24th. The aircraft producer reported $2.92 earnings per share for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $1.85 by $1.07. Boeing had a negative return on equity of 632.24% and a net margin of 5.42%. The business had revenue of $15.75 billion during the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $15.05 billion. During the same period in the prior year, the company earned $3.33 earnings per share. Boeing's revenue was down 35.1% compared to the same quarter last year. Analysts expect that Boeing Co will post 3.71 EPS for the current fiscal year.
About Boeing
The Boeing Company, together with its subsidiaries, designs, develops, manufactures, sales, services, and supports commercial jetliners, military aircraft, satellites, missile defense, human space flight and launch systems, and services worldwide. The company operates in four segments: Commercial Airplanes; Defense, Space & Security; Global Services; and Boeing Capital.
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5442 Woodland Avenue
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Lot Size
0.03 /Acres
- Date Listed 10/11/2019
Vacant lot for sale, Do you have a vision for a property that you would like to build? Would you like to build in a central location, not far from center city, transportation? Then this is the right lot for you! All Property sold "AS IS" and seller is motivated to sale. Submit an offer now, All offers will be presented. $2500 deposit and proof of funds required, under 30 days check must be certified. Buyer is responsible for u/o. Recommend, but not required to use sellers title company.
0.03 Acres
Public Water Service
Exterior / Lot Features
- Lot Dimensions
- 17.00 x 86.50
- Zoning
Financial Considerations
5442 Woodland Avenue in Philadelphia, PA has a WalkScore of . This property was listed 11 days ago
Philadelphia, PA
Nearby homes for sale
Philadelphia Real Estate
Nearby Communities
FOR SALE - $35,000 Land located at 5442 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA. Realty.com has 1 photo.


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Upcoming Events › Minnesota
Events Search and Views Navigation
October 2019
HOT SALSA WED at Addis Ababa with DJ MonchY
★ LATIN & INTL WEDs with DJ MonchY ★ === ★ COVER $5 / CASH ONLY ★ === ★ SALSA ~ BACHATA ~ KIZOMBA ~ ZOUK & MORE ========================== ★ SALSA PRACTICE Hour @ 8PM - 9PM ★ SOCIAL DANCE PARTY @ 9PM - 1AM ★ Food & Drink SPECIALS All Night ========================== ★ EVERY WED @ 8PM - 2AM Addis Ababa Ethiopian Restaurant and Bar 2713 E Lake St, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406 ========================== ★ The Place Where Dancers Meet…Find out more »
Review Policy: We would love if you share your fair and objective review of this dance event! Try to be as descriptive as possible in your review. Simple reviews ("This place is great!") will be deleted. If this is your first time leaving a review, your review will be held in moderation until it is approved. No reviews by event organizers or event promoters please. No personal attacks. Salsa4Life and it's staff reserve the right to delete any reviews that are in violation of this policy.


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In one of the most exciting updates to hit the marquee this week, it looks like Akshay Kumar will get on board Kamal Haasan's upcoming biggie Indian 2, which is to be directed by Shankar. Akshay will be taking up the role which was initially supposed to be played by Ajay Devgn. This choice has come in from the makers after they felt that Akshay's ever-rising popularity in the Hindi market would help them take the film across borders easily. In addition to that, the star's rapport with Shankar after working with him in 2.0, would definitely help them get things done soon.
Indian 2 will go on floors by the end of December. Kamal Haasan, who is currently busy with his political and public meetings for his party Makkal Needhi Maiam, will join the sets of the film in the first schedule itself. The team will be shooting the film in Chennai, Andhra Pradesh, and Taiwan.Art director Muthuraj recently started working on the sets of the film, which would be put to use in the first schedule. While it has been decided that Ravi Varman will take care of the cinematography, sources say that Anirudh will be composing the music for this biggie. Kajal is the first name in talks to play the heroine.


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2018 Year In Review - Book Talks, Awards, Jazz Fest & More!
7 Mile House is so thankful for such a wonderful year! From our first annual jazz fest, to the adobo cook-off, to publishing See You At The 7, we are so grateful to the 7 Mile House community. Read our year round-up below.
See You At The 7 - Stories From the Bay Area's Last Original Mile House
See You At The 7 - was published last January and toured the Bay Area with Vanessa Garcia presenting on the history of Bay Area mile houses, and 7 Mile House in particular. Written by Vanessa Garcia, and co-authored by award-winning editor Regina Abuyuan, with a foreword by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Carl Nolte (Native Son). The book contains old maps of the area, historic photos, and interviews with locals who recount their experiences at 7 Mile House over the years.
Book Talk Features
Vanessa was invited to speak about See You At The 7 over 20 times, and in over 15 locations, including the SF Main Branch Library, SF History Days, and The California Historical Society, to name a few. Check out some of the highlights below.
(If you'd like to feature Vanessa for an Author or Book talk, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.)
2018 Award Round-Up
7 Mile House is so thankful to our community for voting for us in all of these categories! 7 Mile House won a staggering 14 awards this year! In case you missed any, here is the 2018 Round Up of all the Awards we received this year!
Food Awards (9):
Best of SF by SF Weekly
Best Happy Hour, Best Sports Bar, Best Burger, Best Chicken Wings, Best Pub Food
Reader's Choice Awards by SF Examiner
Best Sports Bar, Best Hamburger, Best Budget Restaurant
Venue Awards (2):
Best of SF by SF Weekly
Best Live Music Venue
Best Sunday Funday
Dog-Friendly Awards (2):
Beast of the Bay
Best Dog-Friendly Restaurant
Best of SF by SF Weekly
Best Dog Friendly Restaurant
Book Awards for "See You at the 7: Stories From The Bay Area's Last Original Mile House" (3):
National Indie Excellence Award - Biography Historical
International Book Awards Finalist
National Indie Excellence Award Finalist
Jazz Fest
On the heels of celebrating their 160-year anniversary, the Bay Area's historic 7 Mile House produced their first annual "7 Mile House Jazz Fest," on Saturday, March 17, 2018. The festival featured 11 bands, an impressive array of the Bay Area's top jazz musicians and ensembles. It also marked the first annual "7 Mile House Jazz Awards" for the following categories: Outstanding Bay Area Jazz Presenters, Outstanding Bay Area Jazz Promoters, and Outstanding Bay Area Jazz Artists; and hosted by KCSM Jazz 91 DJ, Alisa Clancy, and other on-air personalities.
Adobo Cook-Off
On July 14, 2018 the 7 Mile House Famous Pork Adobo was challenged by other adobo recipes nominated by YOU, our customers, for the second annual "7 Mile House Adobo Cook Off"!
7 Mile House held the second annual Adobo Cook-Off fundraiser for St. Paul of the Shipwreck Catholic Church in Brisbane, CA. Rommel Conclara reports. The 'Adobo Cook-off For a Cause' recipient is St. Paul of the Shipwreck Church! This year's contestants helped us raise $1,750 for the organization!
1st place winner! - Josi Bartlett shares "As a native San Franciscan, Adobo is my favorite Filipino comfort food. As a non-cook, my adobo is my One-Hit-Wonder. It's the only dish I take pleasure in making because I enjoying seeing the expressions of delight when people eat my adobo. Never expect leftovers. ENJOY!
So what's next in 2019?! You'll have to check the events calendar and subscribe to the newsletter to be the first to know.
You can also stay in touch on Facebook, where you'll catch live streaming videos of world-class musicians playing on the 7 Mile House stage, almost every night!
If you're on the 'gram, follow along and get up close and personal with our vast menu of homestyle, American and Filipino food.
As they say, "We'll see you at the 7!"


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Do you have a place to capture ideas and free your mind?
Do you have a "system" to move things forward?
Do you have a way to get organized and break projects down into manageable pieces?
If you answered yes to these questions, great. But, most people employ tools and tactics, like faith, scratch paper, random sticky notes, whiteboards, and a various paper and electronic calendars.
Some people even reduce the amount of things they do, striking a balance between what they can remember and what they feel they can get done. That's all well and good until you need or want to do more at work or at home. You don't want to be that person that says the all too common excuse, "But I don't have time." We all suffer from time poverty but, some people get more done, while others let time and opportunity pass them by.
If you want to be highly productive, then you'll need a new approach to getting organized and getting things done.
With more time you could plan a party, write a book, get a new job, make a career change, relocate or move, get involved in the community, solve a nagging problem, invent something, remodel your office or home, start a business, start a blog, learn a language, spend more time with family, write a program, plan a major vacation, run for office, write an initiative, host an event, relax, master a new sport, supercharge a non-profit, volunteer, make and then do your bucket list.
But nobody can give you more time. You're still stuck with 24 hours each day, so to free up time for important things, you'll need to better utilize the time you have every single day.
That's why we created the Big Idea Toolkit, so you can get more important stuff done, whether that is for you, your family, at work or in your community. If you want different outcomes and you want to be a highly productive "doer" then you need a new approach.
Watch the introductory video for the Big Idea Toolkit. Questions? Please comment or contact us.
Category : Blog
I want to share a fresh perspective to the thinking that appeared in a recent New York Times opinion piece, titled The Elusive Big Idea.
Most people are not deep thinkers anymore. I believe this to be especially true of the younger generations that can find all of the answers (right or wrong) on Google and text Mom, Dad, or a friend first and think for themselves second.
Our ipods and pads, crackberries and computers have not solved basic human problems that exist in families, the work place, and communities. While our devices and social networks can connect us to more people, across more geographies and across time, they are not a substitute for thinking, great conversation, and taking action. For that you need to step away from the computer screen, be a better storyteller, and have better conversations.
As Morpheus said in The Matrix, "There is a difference between knowing the path and walking the path."
We all see the possibilities for improvement at work, in our associations, club, non-profits, churches, government and even our families. But, too many ideas are not fleshed out with good authentic dialogue and many more are stillborn, never to take shape or have their impact felt in the world. We need better tools and a new approach.
This is what in part, spurred us to create the Big Idea Toolkit. The Toolkit helps you to get organized so you can get more important stuff done and make a bigger impact, whether that is for you, your family, work, or your community. It is intentionally designed to force dialogue and leverages the way our brains do their most innovative work.
Whether you work alone or in a group the Big Idea Toolkit gives you a place to:
- capture ideas
- get organized
- execute
The Big Idea Toolkit provides a common big picture with a clear path forward and a playbook of what to do next that keeps everybody motivated and moving forward. Using it or something like it is your best chance to make an impact and realize the possibilities. So, whether your idea is a big one or a small one doesn't really matter. What matters is that you makes its impact felt in the world.
Good luck – there is much to make better in this world.
Category : Blog
Chances are you have something wonderful tucked inside your computer – your big idea. If your anything like me, you've started many idea files. Chances are you've also written something down on a scrap of paper, sticky note, or back of the napkin that at the time was of prime importance. You might have even interrupted a person you were talking to or abruptly stopped what you were doing to write it down, saying "This is a great one, hold on hold on, I've got to write this down before I lose it."
And then… you don't do anything. The file gets saved to some weird recess of the computer that made sense at the time and the paper idea morsel goes somewhere, perhaps you'll discover it later. Whatever that great thing was gets lost, only to be randomly and luckily recalled someday, if at all.
"Write down the thoughts of the moment. Those that come unsought for are commonly the most valuable."
Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, statesman, spy, Freemason and essayist (1561 – 1626).
After all, inspiration has expiration and if you don't make it visible, the great idea or initiative gets wafted into the corner of your computer or mind never seeing the light of day. Sadly, no matter how great that momentary inspiration was, if it's not acted on, will have no impact in the world – not for you and not for others.
Part of having a mind at ease is knowing you have place to stow and recall such ideas. Everybody should have their own personal Innovation PlayGround – that place where ideas live. And you don't want that to be invisible. You want to put you mind at ease then create a visible PlayGround that you can affix ideas to. If you get an idea, write it on a sticky note and stick in in the PlayGround. Get an idea related to another idea – great, lump those together. Funny thing is, if you see these ideas in your PlayGround over and over again, you're brain will continue to work on them, even when it seems like you're not. So if you want to get more stuff done in this world, then unhide your ideas and get them into the PlayGround. Your brain will thank you and so will those you someday impact.
Category : Blog
In spite of inspirational songs like "Live Like Your Were Dying" and movies like "The Bucket List", most people won't act until its too late. They'll continue to let opportunities pass them by, only to be realized by others. Truth is, those "others" aren't any smarter, but they do have better habits. Here is how to level the playing field and get your fare share of opportunities. Know thyself. Understand the reason you don't move forward and then make a choice to either overcome it or accept it.
If you're going to be a slouch you should at least be an informed intentional slouch.
And if you are a "doer" then perhaps it's your duty to help somebody else get out of their own way.
As part of my book research, I've been asking people from all walks of life now for some time what holds them back from whatever it is their wanting to do. I've heard several different flavors of answers, but they can be summarized by the list of 4 below. If you really have a reason you believe doesn't fit to these 4 please chime in. I'd love to know.
#4 – values or beliefs are not in alignment
You might recognize this as "I've reluctantly signed up to do something" or "You were really good at coercing me but I never really was committed." This reason is usually cited when we don't move forward on somebody else's idea or initiative. You simply don't believe in "the cause" or the value of getting it done. Reaching the final destination doesn't resonate with you so much. Sometimes people want to fantasize about reaching the Utopian end state but they don't really have any intention of doing any real work or making a contribution. If you find yourself in this camp saying "work – that is for the others," or "a person should… ", then some intellectual honesty is in order. Simply come to grips that you are a fantasy doer or know what you value and stop committing without follow through.
#3 – lack of resources
This oft cited paralyzer is a Red Herring easily spotted by asking yourself or others what resources are needed. Then systematically break down and eliminate each resource needed – this is an obstacle removal technique. Many problems can be reframed to requires a different set of resources, those within reach. Also, there are those resources that you don't have now and those that you don't have in the future. Solve today's problem today and tomorrows problems tomorrow.
#2 – fear or lack of courage
This reason for inaction is more easily understood when the person not moving forward is part of a larger social context. When you have to rally the herd and get others moving there is a certain risk that goes along with that. It is much easier to not lead the way, blend into the crowd, and wait for somebody else to take a risk and be responsible. This is a well researched and documented area of social psychology called the bystander effect. But when others are not involved, it become squarely about you. You may have been conditioned to fear failure or you're in an environment where failure is something to be avoided at all costs.
Failure can actually be a good thing, especially in small doses. That's what experiments and prototypes are for! I worked in the Boeing Wind Tunnel for 5 years. We ran many experiments to detect failure and make improvements at a small scale because the human and financial costs of mistakes at scale are so enormous.
Besides failure, some people also fear the destination of success and all its accoutrements. To overcome inaction and to combat many of the subconscious and conditioned avoidance behaviors it is good to create new habits. You can easily do this by adopting a habit practice sheet (free download) and by creating conscious action triggers. Action triggers can have a profound power to motivate people to do the things they need to do. The reason, according to Peter Gollwitzer, a New York University psychologist, is that action triggers eliminate the need for conscious deliberation by making people "pre-decide" what they are going to do. In this they program themselves to protect goals from tempting distractions, bad habits, or competing goals.
#1 – lack of clarity
By far this is the most popular reason people don't move forward that I've encountered. They simply don't know how to get started or what the next step is. They are overwhelmed by the myriad of choices and possibilities. You can hear them saying to themself, "Where to start, where to start." They may be so overwhelmed they are unable to articulate what they want or think they need. Often, others have trouble helping people in this state – instead they usually prefer to give them time and space to "get it together." Creating the Big Picture can go a long way toward unlocking what the brain already knows but is unable to express. Sequencing your Big Idea into Chunky Steps along a path with a clear vision of the payoff seems so simple… and it is. But have you actually done it? You want to create your next "Aha" moment, give it a whirl. Better yet, help somebody else do the same.
Category : Blog
There is a ton of material on YouTube and other places about affinity mapping so I won't repeat it all here. But, it is often a good method to generate ideas as a starting point. You frame the problem or opportunity in the form of a question. It is important to stay focused on the question. Often times if you run out of steam I encourage people to think in multiple dimensions, like people, process, technology.
As an example, I was in a small workshop with a non-profit that was putting together a sponsorship program, something new to the group. Our "question" that framed the exercise was "What would be involved in having a successful sponsor program." Individually, we listed items we could think of, in no particular order. When we ran out of steam after about 20 minutes we placed them on the wall. Then we arranged them into groups of similar items. We then labeled each group. We then processed the pieces using the Big Picture from the Big Idea Toolkit.
Category : Blog


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Paris October 17, 2013The SPLM is mobilizing to alert senators on ALUR housing bill that will be considered in the Senate from 22 October.
The activity of the furnished apartment short term, vital to the economic and tourist attractiveness of France, is now managed - for how long? - By a network of small local service companies, sources of thousands of jobs can not be outsourced, promoting employability and social development of our country.
While the President of the Republic himself has just said that tourism was a "great national cause", this project real double punishment, will in fact - to remove large French SMEs employing more than 2000 today people,
- Cause the end seasonal rentals made declared, professionally framed, which serves tenants, owners, and in compliance with local regulations and good relations with the neighborhood.
The bill, if passed by the state, will definitely kill French companies for the benefit of foreign companies not paying tax in France. Seasonal furnished rentals will not disappear: they will unofficially, unreported, taxable and non-foreign enterprises by the new regulations. However, the housing problem will not be solved: access to housing will not be favored and the public interest will not be preserved.
SPLM urged the Government and the Senate to amend the current text to truly and effectively regulate furnished rentals. That is to say :
1) not unreasonably restrict and de facto furnished rentals short term by allowing more freely - while framing - leasing the land on foot (second home owners that represents 85% of the rental provided by professionals SPLM),
2) replace the obligation of the authorization of owners by a display in each relevant condominium,
3) manage activity offshore platforms and portals so that everyone sees the same rules.
To learn more about our analysis and proposals on the draft law ALUR, please visit our website www.splm-france.fr "News" section. You will find details of our observations and our proposals, which were submitted to senators.
Jean-Marc Agnès, Président : 0619679698
Alain Cartraud, Vice-Président: 0670012593
SPLM Syndicat des Professionnels de la Location Meublée
17 rue Dupin 75006 Paris email@example.com