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The best way to share bike routes online. We are Here are rides for you (showing ) near Portland, OR, US Picking up where the Goonies left off.
Beginner - Experienced Cyclists. Vehicle Support. Tour Highlights Ride along Rockefeller's historic and car-free carriage roads through Acadia National Park Browse Bar Harbor's fun shops, art galleries and seafood bars Take a lobster boat to Little Cranberry Island and discover the authentic Down East Enjoy a picnic lunch in a pine-scented forest filled with chickadees and birdsong Walk through the Azalea sigma rox 10.0 gps cycling computer Thuya Gardens, two world-class parklands in Northeast Harbor Practice your lobster-cracking skills at a traditional bake at the Bar Harbor Inn Ride through a refreshing and unspoiled landscape of rugged coastline, forested us bike rte 1 maine gps and idyllic fishing harbors Savor some of New England's fresh Atlantic seafood: Climate Information.
Average Precipitation: May 4. What's Included Bike Vacation Only 5 nights in rtd inns 11 meals: Biking Packages Include: Itinerary Bike Vacation Only. Bar Harbor Inn Meals: D Daily Options: B, L Daily Options: B, D Daily Options: B Daily Options: Download PDF Itinerary: Activity Chart for Maine Coast: Hours Approx.
Accommodations Previous Accommodation Next Accommodation. You can choose your interest by activity and country.
This information is invaluable in your search for good resources for any bicycle adventure. Filed Under: Comments Gary C.
Wobler says. June 11, at 2: Looking for bike route from Indianapolis to Punta Gorda Florida. John Stultz says. October 16, at 4: Hi Gary, Not familiar with any routes from Indianapolis to Florida.
Jason Burchstead says. Those traveling south on either the Northeast Branch Trail or This Paint Branch Trail offers a well-shaded, paved pathway The Rhode Island Avenue Trolley Trail provides a safe pathway for students, rtd kindergartners to doctoral candidates, to walk and bike to school in College Park, Riverdale Park and Hyattsville.
The Sligo Creek Trail parallels the eponymous waterway from its confluence with the Northwest Branch in Hyattsville to just north of its origin in Wheaton in Montgomery County. Along the way, a number TrailLink is a free service provided by Rails-to-Trails Conservancy a non-profit and we need your support! Log in Register.
Search trails Close. Find a Trail.
Find a trail by City, State or Zip. Quick, at-a-glance icons indicate which activities each trail can accommodate, from biking to fishing to snowmobiling. Adventures in Paradise is an older book, but the ratings are solid and it covers some of the most beautiful area in Rts England.
This short book is aimed at bicyclists who want to explore the Upper Valley, but should not be missed even by those who want drive or walk around the region, or for bicyclists who just want to find some training routes. Trips from the companion guidebook, Discover Acadia National Park, 3rd Editionare clearly labeled on the map.
Check out our recent review of cycling in Acadia for helpful tips. Choose one of the rides that skirt into Maine and visit Nubble Lighthouse, or ride south into Massachusetts along the Biike River. Historic Canby Ferry Loop 21 mi 1, ft.
Hood Territory Explorers Welcome. Tualatin Valley Scenic Bikeway 51 mi 1, ft. Tumala Tank Trap 55 mi 6, ft. Estacada, OR, US.
Helens Eastside: Western Valley: Wings, Wine, and Wonder 54 mi 1, ft. Western Valley Cycling Beautiful rides on every surface, for every experience level.
Western Valley Bikeway: Miles of Smiles 28 mi ft. Salem, OR, US.
Silver Siouxon 76 mi 9, ft. Yacolt, WA, US.
Reehers Camp Loop 18 mi 1, ft. Downtown - Springville - Kaiser Loop 29 mi 2, ft. Trolley Trail Loop 19 mi ft. Bacona Backroads 75 mi 5, ft.
Cross or Gravel less. Hell Of The North Plains 55 mi 4, ft. Enterprise and Gas Pump 27 mi 2, ft.
Next page. Get Inspired, Not Lost.
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News:This map of the Maine portion of the United States Bicycle Route 1 is published by the Maine MaineDOT in no way warrants the safety or suitability of the routes indicated on this tour for shared .. road(no roll-on, roll-off bike service).Missing: gps Choose.
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Everyday learning about feelings
Author(s): Pam Linke
Published: 2011
Pages: 24
ECA Code: EDL1104
One of the most important challenges for children in the early years is learning how to manage feelings. Feelings or emotions affect children's lives in everything they do. The child who feels loved and lovable (not the same thing), and who feels safe and able to try to do things, has a head start in learning in every other area. When children feel safe, optimistic and enthusiastic they learn well. Everyday learning about feelings provides ideas and advice on how you can help children develop the qualities that will enable them to understand their feelings. Topics covered include:
- learning about feelings
- babies' and toddlers' development
- relationships
- learning and doing
- emotions
- explaining and understanding
This issue explores the challenges that all children face in learning to manage their feelings and emotions so they can be safe, optimistic and enthusiastic about life and learning.
To purchase the book or buy a subscription to the series online, please click here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Denver Sofa Stores
Denver Sofa Stores have 7 attachments , they are Living Room Furniture, Superior Denver Sofa Stores #2 Fabric And Leather Combination Sofa - Denver Furniture Store, Denver Sofa Stores #3 Denver Sofa Stores 59 With Denver Sofa Stores, Antoinette Sofa ., Full Size Of Living Room:rustic Log Furniture Denver Co Leather Couches In Denver Colorado ., Denver Sofa Stores #6 Full Size Of Living Room:rustic Log Furniture Denver Co Leather Couches In Denver Colorado ., Full Size Of Living Room:rustic Log Furniture Denver Co Leather Couches In Denver Colorado .. Below are the images:
Denver Sofa Stores was published at December 2, 2017 at 9:16 pm. This image is posted in the Sofa category. Denver Sofa Stores is tagged with Denver Sofa Stores, Denver, Sofa, Stores..
DenverDen•ver (den′vər),USA pronunciation n.
- John (Henry Deutschendorf), 1943–97, U.S. country singer.
- a city in and the capital of Colorado, in the central part. 491,396.
Sofaso•fa (sō′fə),USA pronunciation n.
- a long, upholstered couch with a back and two arms or raised ends.
Storesstore (stôr, stōr),USA pronunciation n., v., stored, stor•ing, adj.
- an establishment where merchandise is sold, usually on a retail basis.
- a grocery: We need bread and milk from the store.
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- [Chiefly Brit.]a storehouse or warehouse.
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abundance, or plenty: a rich store of grain.
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- in readiness or reserve.
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imminent: There is a great deal of trouble in store for them if they persist in their ways.
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esteem: She sets great store by good character.
- to supply or stock with something, as for future use.
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- to deposit in a storehouse, warehouse, or other place for keeping.
- to put or retain (data) in a memory unit.
- to take in or hold supplies, goods, or articles, as for future use.
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stor′er, n.
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commercial: a loaf of store bread.
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How to get more TikTok Likes: 3 smart tips that actually work
TikTok is by far one of the most popular media social app on the internet today and is definitely one of the most-loved too. Thousands of videos are uploaded every hour and millions of videos are watched each day. Where there are eyeballs, there is potential for advertising or marketing and TikTok is the perfect example.
Businesses and internet marketers are increasingly using TikTok as a way to interact with and market to their audience. It's a great way to inform people of your product and services as well as get feedback since it's so social. So many companies have uploaded a single video that manages to get tens of thousands of views overnight, getting them huge exposure and new customers in the process. However, gone are the days when one can just wish and pray that their videos go viral? Now we need a proven, systematic process to get the video enough exposure on the internet for it to get those kinds of views naturally. For this, it needs a little kick-start.
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TikTok only grants popular videos for significant natural traffic. Plus, if it's getting enough views, it will get ranked higher on the search results too resulting in even more views and Likes. This is what we want. To do this, many services offer a system of generating the initial Likes and views so it can get ranked. So, you need to Buy TikTok Likes that potentially getting your video taken up.
So when buying for TikTok Likes, it's always best to use a proven, legitimate company with a great track record who can deliver real Likes to your videos at a decent price. This is a surefire way to generate more business and revenue very quickly and for a long time. Once the process is in motion, your videos will attract views day and night, making you money while you sleep or are on vacation. That's a powerful weapon to have in your marketing arsenal so get some extra Likes today.
While everybody hopes that their video will go viral immediately upon uploading, the odds of that actually happening are slim to none. Internet marketers and business owners may share their video on other social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook in hopes that their existing followers boost their Likes count, and that bring a lot of Likes, views, and new followers on your account. It'll accomplish the necessary boost in Likes count to grab the attention of the average TikTok visitor.
Comment on others' videos:
It's not easy to attract attention to TikTok. Sometimes it takes a lot of tedious work. By actively interacting on the TikTok community is the easiest way. Watch other people's videos, comment on their strength and weaknesses will not only help to build an online relationship, but it will also make sure your TikTok video gets watched, liked and commented on as well.
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Body shop etobicoke
Serving Toronto, North York, Scarborough, Vaughan Mills and Etobicoke.We offer a state-of-the-art body shop facility with Isuzu, Chevrolet, and GMC Certified technicians, trained to restore your Isuzu, Chevrolet, or GMC vehicle to its pre-accident condition.He has a deep passion for the art of tattooing and decided to open up the first and only Bamboo Tattoo studio in all of Canada.
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text: 2019-10-21T18:45:17+03:30 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=79&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 79-1905 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Analysis of Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations in Men with Idiopathic Infertility Mahdieh Faraji Zivar Salehi Ali Hamidi Madani Background and purpose: Development of the male phenotype and the initiation of spermatogenesis are intricately dependent on the cellular events that respond to androgens. The actions of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of AR 5'UTR and codon 211 genetic variation with the risk of idiopathic male infertility. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 60 men with idiopathic infertility and 70 healthy men. The genetic variation of 5'UTR and codon 211 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)- and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), respectively. Results: No mobility shift was seen in the PCR products of 5'UTR in patient and control groups. We did not identify a single mutation at 5'UTR of AR gene in patients and controls. Genotype frequencies of codon 211 in patient group were GG (67%), GA (23%), AA (10%) and in control group there were GG (77%), GA (21%) and AA (1%). No significant differences were found between the two groups in allelic frequencies (χ2=2.40 P=0.3). Conclusion: Our findings suggest no correlation between these polymorphisms and male infertility in the studied patients. However, further studies of AR polymorphisms with their biological functions are needed to understand the role of these polymorphisms in the development of male infertility. Androgen receptor gene Stul polymorphism idiopathic male infertility 2013 3 01 2 9 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1905-en.pdf 79-1952 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Caspase 9 Promoter Polymorphisms in Gastric Cancer, Mazandaran Province Mohammad shokrzadeh Saeid Abedian kenari email@example.com E-mail: Hamed haghi aminjan Maryam Ghasemi Vahid Hoseini Fereshteh jeivad Ahad Alizadeh Faramarz Farzad Background and purpose: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers with a low-five year survival rate. Some factors such as molecular pathway are associated with the development of disease and metastasis is the most important factor for death. Caspase 9 is initiator CASP of internal apoptosis pathway and have important role in cancer development. Polymorphism of CASP 9 gene promoter could influence the gene activity and cause sensitivity to cancer. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 100 patients with gastric cancer and 100 normal subjects were considered for caspase 9 promoter gene polymorphism. DNA extraction was performed from white blood cells according to manufacturer protocol. PCR-RFLP was carried out to detect -712 C>T gene polymorphism. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.18 and PT caspase 9 polymorphism could be a marker in personal sensitivity to gastric cancer and useful in cancer treatment and prevention process. Caspase 9 promoter gastric cancer genetic polymorphism PCR Restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP-PCR 2013 3 01 2 7 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1952-en.pdf 79-1855 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Contact with Skin in HGB and MCH Changes in Male Rats in In Vivo Condition Nooshin Naghsh email@example.com Zahra Amirkhani Dehkordi Heydar Aghababa Background and purpose: The widespread use of silver nanoparticles in therapeutic and diagnostic methods has created some concerns. Different sizes and shapes of nanoparticles have different effects. In this investigation, toxic effects of spherical nanosilver with average diameter of 4 nm were investigated on MCH and HGB in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this study, concentrations of silver nanoparticles at 50,100, 200 and 400ppm were applied through skin contact for the treated groups. Then blood sampling of the inner corner of eye was performed in rats using capillary tube. The mean of MCH and HGB in the treatment and control groups were recorded on day 12 after treatment and ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. Results: Blood damage caused by skin contact with silver nanoparticles in rats resulted in stimulated red blood cells in all groups. Significant differences were found for dose concentration in the MCH 200ppm on day 12 after the treatment (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in HGB among the studied groups. Conclusion: In 50ppm concentration of nanosilver, possible mechanisms of the change MCH are releasing free radicals, oxidative stress and apoptosis in red blood cells. Further studies are needed with different sizes and shapes of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology nanoparticles of silver red blood cells skin rats 2013 3 01 11 17 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1855-en.pdf 79-1854 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Relationship between the Level of Serum Uric Acid and Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Determined by Coronary Angiography in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina Maryam Nabati MohammadReza Shiran Zahra Esfahani Keyvan Yousefnejad Valiollah Habibi Mozhde Dabirian MohammadSadegh Parsaee Babak Bagheri E-mail: email@example.com Background and purpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the first cause of death in modern societies. It is also the first cause for individual health care cost. Multiple risk factors are mentioned for its development among which elevated uric acid is recently introduced as an inflammatory factor. This study was performed for evaluating the serum uric acid level and severity of CAD determined by coronary angiography in patients with chronic stable angina after considering and adjusting other risk factors such as age, smoking (C.S), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 200 patients with chronic stable angina to determine the relationship between the level of serum uric acid and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in angiography. Other common cardiovascular risk factors including age, DM, HTN, HLP and C.S were also considered. Results: A total of 78 women (39%) and 123 men (61%) were included in the study. There were no significant differences between sex and risk factors including DM, HTN, HLP, C.S, age and serum uric acid level. In the studied population, the mean severity of coronary atherosclerosis score measured by Gensini score was 15.8± 10.7 and the mean level of uric acid was 10.5±6mg/dl. Significant correlation was seen in severity of coronary atherosclerosis and level of serum uric acid in the study population (r=0.51, 0.537, respectively P<0.0001). Also, there was significant correlation between coronary atherosclerosis severity and HTN, age, DM and HLP. Multivariate analysis showed 15% contribution of serum uric acid level in developing coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusion: This study showed an independent relationship between serum uric acid level and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Chronic Stable Angina coronary artery disease serum uric acid 2013 3 01 19 26 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1854-en.pdf 79-1856 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Frequency and Resistance Patterns of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Acute Otitis Media Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal Hossein Jabari Abas Rahimi Forushani Siamak Heidarzadeh Parviz Afrogh Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Acute otitis media (AOM) remains a frequent global infection of childhood, with up to 80% of children having at least one episode by three years of age. Ten to 30% have recurrent episodes, and 2–25% will have persistent middle ear effusion extending beyond three months. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with acute middle ear infections and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of this microorganism. Materials and methods: In total 102 middle ear discharge specimens were collected during 6 months period from patients with acute otitis media attending Amir Alam Hospital, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The inclusion criteria included: perforated acute otitis media diagnosed by a physician and not taking any antibiotic in recent two weeks. Specimens were assessed for Streptococcus pneumoniae by microscopic examination and culture. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer and sensitivity frequency of tested antibiotics was assessed by appraisal diameter of the growth inhibitory zone. Results: Of 102 tested specimens, 15 (eight males and seven females, 14.7%) were recognized as Streptococcus pneumonia. The sensitivity of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae to different antibiotics included gentamicin (86%), kanamycin (80%), amikacin (74%), tetracycline (73%), and colistin (73%). The resistance patterns were seen in penicillin (80%), amoxicillin (80%), cephalotin (73%), erythromycin (65%), ampicillin (65%), nalidixic acid (60%), nitrofurantoin (60 %), vancomycin (53%), chloramphenicol (53%), and carbenicillin (53%). Conclusion: According to the emergence of resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to conventional antibiotic therapy, especially beta-lactam antibiotics and erythromycin, it is recommended to perform further studies to determine full picture of antibiotic susceptibility in circulating Streptococcus pneumonia in patients with AOM to revise existing guidelines of empirical therapy of AOM in Iran. Acute otitis media Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-lactams erythromycin 2013 3 01 28 35 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1856-en.pdf 79-1857 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Removing Cadmium from Aqueous Environments using L-cysteine Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Mohammad Ali Zazouli ZabihAlla Yousefi Mahmoud Taghavi email@example.com Behrouz Akbari-adergani Jamshid Yazdani Cherati Background and purpose: Cadmium is a very toxic metal that have adverse effects on human health and aquatic environments even at low concentrations, therefore, efforts should be made to eliminate this metal from aquatic ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of L-cysteine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes in removing cadmium from aqueous environments. This study also assessed the role of some parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and concentration of cadmium. Materials and methods: Single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with L-cysteine. Then the optimum level of pH, carbon nanotubes dose, contact time, and cadmium concentration were determined during the adsorption process. The experimental data were compared with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Results: qe increased when the pH level increased, while contact time and Cd concentration decreased by increase in the number of carbon nanotubes. The Langmuir adsorption model agreed well with the experimental data (R2 = 0.997). Efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes in optimal condition was 94.26%. Conclusion: The results showed that L-cysteine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes could be effective for the removal of cadmium. Carbon nanotubes cadmium L-cysteine adsorption 2013 3 01 37 47 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1857-en.pdf 79-1860 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Effect of Education and Controlling Asthma Triggers on Quality of Life among Adolescents with Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial Leila Valizadeh Nemat Bilan Soheila Zarei firstname.lastname@example.com Akbar Sharifi Background and purpose: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and adolescence resulting in variable restrictions in most aspects of patients' life and decreases their quality of life (QOL). Control of the triggers could be of great benefit in the management of asthma. This study was conducted to assess the effect of education on asthma triggers and controlling them on QOL among adolescents suffering from asthma. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in 60 adolescents aged between 12-18 years. They were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Mini Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Juniper 1997) was used prior to intervention and five weeks post-intervention in both groups. The intervention group was educated regarding asthma triggers, then they were followed up through telephone calls. The data was analyzed using SPSS V.13, Chi square and t-tests. Results: Significant differences were found in the scores of QOL among both groups. Therefore, education on triggers of asthma and controlling them was effective in enhancing QOL (P≤0.001). Conclusion: This intervention was found potent in improving the QOL of adolescents with asthma. Hence, educational programs should be carried out in outpatient clinics on triggers of asthma with the participation of adolescents instead of their parents. (Clinical Trial Registry Number: IRCT201112078315N1) Asthma adolescent quality of life education trigger randomized clinical trial 2013 3 01 49 57 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1860-en.pdf 79-1959 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Evaluation of Cerebral MRI Findings in Migrainous Patients Compared with Non-Migrainous Individuals Abdolrasoul Alaee firstname.lastname@example.com Maryam Barzin Ashraf Zarvani Seyed Mahmoud Abedini Background and purpose: Migraine affects about 12% of the general population and is one of the causes of cerebral parenchymal. Applying cross sectional imaging of brain particularly MRI opens a new approach in diagnosis of migraine pathogenesis and could highly influence the patients' follow up program. We investigated anatomical MR imaging abnormality in people with and without migraine in sensitive MRI sequences. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 120 patients between 50-30 years of age referring neurology clinic. Patients with clinical symptoms of migraine were introduced to MRI units. The cases in the control group included those not meeting the diagnostic criteria for migraine. Brains MRI were evaluated for anatomical signal intensity changing. Two radiologists detected and recorded abnormal findings blindly in both groups based on special protocols. Results: Sixty people presented in each group were matched for age and sex. The mean ages of patients in case and control groups were 39.3±6.9 and 38.6±6.2 years, respectively. Changes of white matter hyperintensity foci were significantly higher at subcortical regions of the brain. In 35 patients (58.3%) of case group and 12 patients (20%) of controls there were supratentorial white matter signal changes in the brain MRI (P=0.000). Cerebral cortex was also involved in some individuals among the case group. Conclusion: In migrainous patients hypersignal foci were detected in white matter of the brain, therefore, proving such presence in patients with typical symptoms of migraine can assist in diagnosis and even MRI can be used in follow-up of the disease. Parenchymal abnormalities in migraine could show severity of the disease and brain damage. Headache migraine MRI 2013 3 01 59 65 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1959-en.pdf 79-1880 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Assessing Different Methods of DNA Extraction from Giardia Lamblia Cysts Elham Kialashaki Mahdi Sharif Mahdi Fakhar firstname.lastname@example.com Ahmad Daryani Abdol Sattar Paghe Background and purpose: Giardia lamblia (G.lamblia) is one of flagellated protozoan pathogens. Giardiasis is the most common human parasite infection in the world, causing a lengthy course of diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to compare five different methods of DNA extraction from G.Lamblia cyst and determining the most efficient DNA extraction method. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in 30 human fecal samples with Giardia infection. To diagnose giardiasis wet mount from feces and staining with Lougol's stain were performed. The cysts were purified and concentrated in a sucrose gradient. The isolated DNA from cysts was performed using different methods including freeze-thaw cycles, glass beads, and stool DNA extraction Kit (Accu prep) freeze-thaw cycles and Pheol-Cholorform-Isoamil alcohol (PCI) boiling and PCI sonication and PCI freeze-thaw and high salt. Then the gdh gene was amplified through single round PCR method. Results: The highest and lowest mean of OD were found in FGK and High salts, respectively. The highest and lowest means of concentration were seen in the freeze-thaw cycles and PCI and the FGK methods, respectively. Moreover, after using the FGK bands of PCR no smears were observed. Also, the lowest time of extraction was detected in FGK method. Conclusion: To remove problems of DNA extraction and decreasing the time of extraction, glass beads along with Accu prep stool DNA extraction Kit (Bioneer) could be suitable and the most efficient method. Giardia lamblia fecal samples DNA extraction Accu prep stool DNA extraction Kit PCR 2013 3 01 67 74 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1880-en.pdf 79-1870 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Effect of Zinc Supplement on General Health of ICU Nurses Afshin Gholipour Baradari Ali Mahdavi email@example.com Ghasem Shokri Afra Seyed Hamzeh Hoseini Jamshid Yazdani Cherati Seyed Abdollah Emadi Mohammad Ali Heydari Gorji Background and purpose: Nursing is a stressful job and nurses are always susceptible to health threats in various aspects due to long shifts. Zinc is a trace element that is essential for human health. This study was performed to assess the effect of zinc supplement on general health of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU). Materials and methods: This double blind randomized clinical trial was performed in 46 ICU accessible nurses from Imam Khomeini and Fatima Zahra hospitals (Sari-2011) with general health disorder (n = 23 intervention and 23 control). In intervention group zinc sulfate 220 mg capsules were administered twice daily every 78 hours for a month while for the control group placebo were administered in the same way. General health and serum zinc level were measured pre and post-intervention. Data was obtained using demographic and standard general health questionnaires. For data analysis we applied SPSS ver. 18, chi square, t-independent, paired t-test and kolmogorov-smirnov tests. Results: In the intervention group the mean of general health score was 23.04±9.54 after a month and in the control group it was 27.96±13.82, (P=0.298). Among the four aspects of public health, significant improvement was observed only in physical symptoms in the intervention group (P=0.044). After a month the mean levels of zinc were 73.57±13.4 and 59.67±14.3 in the intervention group and in control group, respectively. The study showed significant increase in level of zinc in the intervention group (P=0.034). Conclusion: This study indicated a low level of zinc serum in nurses working in ICU. The zinc supplements showed positive effects on some aspects of general health, hence, administrating zinc supplements could be of great benefit in enhancing the general health among nurses. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20120625436513) Nursing intensive care general health zinc supplement 2013 3 01 76 85 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1870-en.pdf 79-1871 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Causes of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and its Clinical Manifestation in Patients Admitted in Emergency Unit and Neurology Ward of Ghaem Hospital Mohsen Foroughipoor Amir Moghaddam Ahmadi Sahar Fadaei Khosro Ravankhah Moghaddam Athena Sharifi Razavi E-mail: email@example.com Background and purpose: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is the thrombosis affecting cerebral veins and sinus and is a rare condition. The diagnosis may be late or neglected due to the great clinical spectrum of symptoms, various forms of initial presentation and unspecific signs of neuroimaging. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, the included patients were followed up according to clinical manifestations, diagnostic efforts and clinical suspicions. The information regarding the subjects' age, gender, clinical presentation, diagnostic efforts and classified treatment results were recorded. The data was obtained during a 21 months period and analyzed in SPSS. Results: The most prevalent symptoms among the study population were headache, papillary edema, blurred vision, sensory-motor disorder, disorders of consciousness, double vision, behavioral disorder, speech impairment, focal seizure, and generalized seizure. The most common reasons were taking oral contraceptive pill (OCP), pregnancy, infection, idiopathic, drug abuse, hematologic diseases, trauma, previous cerebrovascular accident, CVT, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion: The most prevalent complaint was headache and the most founded neurological sign was papillary edema. In our study, OCP and pregnancy were the greatest etiologies, while infection was the next common etiology. Cerebral venous thrombosis clinical manifestation cause risk factor 2013 3 01 86 90 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1871-en.pdf 79-1879 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Effect of Different Carbon Dioxide Pressure on Liver Enzyme in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Open Cholecystectomy Sohrab Sayadi Mohammad Taghi Ebrahimi email@example.com Alireza Khalilian Farshad Naghshvar Background and purpose: Gallstone is one of the most common problems of hepatobiliary system. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a gold standard treatment for this problem. Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflated in the abdomen for better exposure in laparoscopic cholecystectomy could increase the liver enzyme levels. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of different CO2 pressure (12-16 mm Hg) on liver enzymes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with open cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial 60 patients were randomly assigned into three groups. The first group had low pressure (12mm Hg) laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The second group had laparoscopic cholecystectomy with high pressure (16mm Hg) and the third group had an open cholecystectomy. To assess the liver enzyme levels we checked the AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and Bil, before, 24h, and 72h after surgery. Data analysis was done in SPSS ver.15 using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The changes in liver function tests were significantly different before and 24h after the surgery in first and second group, however, these changes reduced to primary level after 72h. In the group with open cholecystectomy significant changes were seen in AST and ALT levels before and 24h after the surgery which decreased to primary level after 72h. The level of LDH was significantly different before and 24h after the surgery in group one and two. Conclusion: Gas insufflation in to abdomen transiently changed the liver enzyme levels that reduced to primary level after 72h. Gas Pressure laparascopic cholecystectomy 2013 3 01 92 96 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1879-en.pdf 79-1878 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Critical Thinking Abilities among Students of Medicine in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2011 Fatemeh Sheikhmoonesi firstname.lastname@example.com Hamidreza Barani Mohammad Khademloo Rayka Sharifian Marjan Jahani Hoseyn Lamsechi Background and purpose: Critical thinking has a major role in desirable professional attribute and a highly valued educational outcome. The aim of this paper was to assess the dimensions of critical thinking abilities among medical students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: Using multistage cluster random sampling, 120 medical students were assessed. Critical thinking skills were measured using the California critical thinking skills test (CCTST). The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS. Results: In this study 118 students completed CCTST questionnaire. The mean of critical thinking score for medical students was 10.91±3.37. Dimensions of critical thinking were not related to gender, marital status, and academic level (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that critical thinking did not enhance among medical students while studying at university. It is widely believed that critical thinking is essential to clinical decision-making, so lecturers in medical universities should focus more on nurturing critical thinking in order to improve the clinical competency of medical students. Critical thinking medical student education the California critical thinking skills test 2013 3 01 98 103 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1878-en.pdf 79-1874 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 The Relationship between Hospital Service Quality and Patient's Perceived Value Ehsan Zarei firstname.lastname@example.com Mohammad Arab Arash Rashidian Seyed Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei Abbas Rahimi forushani Background and purpose: perceived value is defined as customer's overall assessment of the utility of a product or service based on perceptions of what is received and what is given. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between service quality and perceived value by patients in private hospitals of Tehran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study was conducted in 2010. The study population included 969 patients selected from eight private general hospitals in Tehran. The data was collected through a questionnaire containing 18-items (service quality: 14 items and perceived value: 4 items), which its reliability and validity were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression in SPSS.17. Results: The mean score for patients' perception of service quality and perceived value were 4.01, and 3.43 out of 5. Regression analysis showed that about 27% of the variance in perceived value could be explained by the service quality. The interaction quality is the strongest factor influencing patient perceived value and its predictive power is about twice more than two other dimensions of service quality (process quality and environmental quality). Conclusion: Three dimensions of service quality were the key determinants of perceived value in private hospitals of Tehran. To promote the perceived value by patients, the quality improvement activities must focus on reduction and rationalizing monetary costs, accurate service scheduling, and strengthening the interpersonal relationships and communication skills of doctors, nurses and staff. Service quality perceived value private hospitals patient SERVPERF 2013 3 01 105 112 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1874-en.pdf 79-1869 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 A Survey on the Relationship between Personality Factors and Sex in Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Ghasem Abedi Akbar Mohammadi firstname.lastname@example.com Ahad Alizadeh Hadi Hoseini Omid Yahyazadeh Background and purpose: Individual characteristic helps people in better understanding of themselves and others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in personality factors in students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 394 students (174 male, 220 female) who were randomly selected from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) scale was used for data collection. Results: The results of this study showed no significant differences in four factors of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness) among both sexes. However, significant differences were found in openness to experience between males and females (P=0.016). Conclusion: According to this study there is no difference between the sexes in personality factors of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Therefore, any planning associated with different personality types should be done regardless of gender differences. Gender differences personality Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences students 2013 3 01 114 122 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1869-en.pdf 79-1872 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Multivariate Analysis of Factors associated with Growth Disorder in 6-Month to 2-Year-Old Children: Focusing on Interactional Influences and Confounding Factors Hosein Ansari E-mail: email@example.com Kourosh Holakouie Naieni Mehdi Noroozi Younes Mohamadi Samira Ansari Mohammad Ali Yadegari Background and purpose: Growth disorders in children are important amongst health issues resulting in serious complications. The aim of this case-control study was to determine factors related to growth disorders in 6 month to 2-year old children using multiple regression analysis. Materials and methods: In this study 150 children with growth problems as cases, and 200 children with desirable growth as controls were randomly selected from ten primary health care centers. A questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, fertility history and nutritional status was completed through face-to-face interview with selected children's mother. The influence of different factors on undesirable growth was evaluated using multiple logistic regression in SPSS and Stata. Results: The results indicated a significant correlation in type of pregnancy (wanted or unwanted) (OR= 2.58), mother's age (<20) (OR= 1.52), number of pregnancies (OR= 2.7), gestational age (preterm) (OR= 3.8), breast feeding (OR= 3.3), type of labor (OR= 2.4), multiple pregnancies (OR= 2.02), low socioeconomic status (SES) (OR= 1.68), and conflicts in the family as a proxy of stress (OR= 1.66) with growth problems (P<0.05). Also, some variables such as conflicts in the family, type of pregnancy, birth weight and breast feeding, number of pregnancies and type of labor showed interactional influences. Conclusion: This study showed that some factors are highly associated with growth disorders among which some could predict the growth problems. Parental training on nutritional requirements of children, suitable time of pregnancy, supporting poor people and decreasing stress are recommended to enhance the health of children. Growth disorder children Zahedan 2013 3 01 124 135 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1872-en.pdf 79-1882 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Estimation of Maxillary Premolar Tooth Lengths Based on Panoramic Radiographs Alireza Mirshekar email@example.com Sina Haghanifar Valiallah Arash Hakimeh Ghorbani Ayda Mirzaii Ali Bijani Background and purpose: Assessment of tooth length has an important role in success and failure of dental treatments. As yet periapical radiography has been used for the assessment of tooth length causing high x-ray exposure, long time and patient discomfort. Using panoramic radiography can resolve these problems. The major disadvantage of panoramic radiography is monotonous magnification. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between real and panoramic tooth lengths. Materials and methods: In an analytical study, 89 teeth consisting 59 maxillary first premolars and 30 maxillary second premolars from patients referring to orthodontic clinics of babol were selected. According to universal numbering system the teeth were divided into four groups: T14, T24, T15, T25. Measurements of real and panoramic tooth length were accomplished by a digital caliper. Length linear regression model analysis was used for the prediction of tooth. Results: Real and panoramic tooth lengths and their magnification showed significant differences between two sexes (P< 0.05). For each gender regression models were produced: (male first premolar tooth length= 0.818X+3.017) (female first premolar tooth length= 0.852X+1.875) (male second premolar tooth length= 1.030X-2.028) (female second premolar tooth length= 1.020X-2.246). Conclusion: Using panoramic radiography for estimation of maxillary premolar real tooth length in studied machine is practical and reliable. Panoramic radiography tooth length maxillary premolar 2013 3 01 137 142 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1882-en.pdf 79-1966 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Injuries in Emergency Departments of Mazandaran Hospitals, 2010 Mahmood Moosazadeh Mohammad Mehdi Nasehi E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Mohammadreza mirzajani Mohammad Amin Bahrami Background and purpose: The incidence of injuries and accidents, their types and leading causes and the victims' features are variable in different areas and times. Different aspects of injuries and accidents should be considered in researches thereby. This survey aimed at investigating the epidemiological features of accident and injuries victims attending Mazandaran hospitals, during 2010. Materials and methods: In a cross sectional research, all referred victims of accidents and injuries (n= 58750) to hospitals of Mazandaran province were studied. Required data was collected from existing injuries registration system of hospitals emergency departments. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, chi-square and independent t-test. Results: The incidence rate of all injuries was 2306.7 in 100,000 population. Among the victims 71.7% were male. The mean age of cases was 29.9±17.01 and injuries (34.6%) occurred more in the group aged 20-29 years old. Incidence of injuries were higher in June (10.6%) and July (10.2%). Most injuries (70.6%) occurred in urban areas. Road traffic accidents (39.8%) and trauma and falling accidents (31.8%) were the most common injuries. Conclusion: According to the findings, the main cause of injuries in Mazandaran was road traffic accidents that have posed high burden to the province. The aforementioned rate of injuries shows that many people experience some kind of injuries throughout their life. Therefore, practical implementation of the Safe Community Program is an urgent need that should be considered in all national and regional initiatives. The success of such programs largely depends on participation of all agencies, organizations and individuals. Epidemiology victim accident injury hospital emergency 2013 3 01 144 154 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1966-en.pdf 79-1906 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Relationship between Zinc Concentration in Plasma Cord Blood and Infant Anthropometric Measurement Mozhgan Nazari Mohammad Heydarzadeh Monireh Hatami Sharifa Zainiyah Munn Sann Lye Zalilah Mohad Sharif Background and purpose: Low birth weight (LBW) is a key determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may have unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcome, particularly low birth weight. The aim of this study was to determine the association between infant anthropometric characteristic and cord blood plasma zinc level. Materials and methods: This study included 268 pairs of mothers and infants (at time of delivery) from whom 134 healthy mothers and their infants <2500g were recruited as case group and 134 healthy mothers and their infants weighing 2500-4000g were participated in control group. The subjects were selected from Fatemieh Hospital Hamadan, Iran. The infants' birth weight, length, head circumference, chest and mid arm circumference were measured. Cord blood plasma zinc level was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The concentration of plasma zinc less than 60 µg/dl was considered as sever zinc deficiency, between 60 to 70 µg/dl mild to moderate deficiency and more than 70 to 150 µg/dl were considered normal. Twin infants, abnormal infants and mothers who smoked, consumed alcohol, used illicit drugs, and those with severe stress were excluded from the study. Results: Sever zinc deficiency was significantly related to infant low birth weight [OR=12.382, CI 1.210, 126.710, P= 0.040]. No significant relationships were found between infant length, mid arm, chest and head circumference with plasma zinc level. Conclusion: Present study indicated a relationship between infant weights and severe zinc deficiency in plasma cord blood. Severe zinc deficiency could be considered as a major predictor of infant birth weight. Anthropometric characteristic cord blood infant birth weight plasma zinc 2013 3 01 156 162 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1906-en.pdf 79-1921 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Efficacy of Silymarin on Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Tarang Taghvaei Adeleh Bahar E-mail: email@example.com Vahid Hosseini Iradj Maleki Milad Kasrai Background and purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of increased liver enzymes. The world population are suffering from NAFLD (30% in IRAN, 20% - 40% in western countries, and 5% - 30% in Asia-Pacific). The prevalence of NAFLD is higher in hyperlipidemic, diabetic and obese people. This study assessed the preventive effect of sylmarin on the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in 41 patients with NAFLD referring to gastrointestinal clinics in Sari. The patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. The case group was treated with a tablet containing 140 mg silymarin twice a day for six months and the control group was given placebo for the same period. The data was analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-Square in SPSS. Results: At the end of the treatment period the improvement of steatosis in sonography was more significant in case group (P= 0.03). Liver enzymes reduced significantly in silymarin group compared to other group (P= 0.002 for ALT and P= 0.01 for AST). Conclusion: In this study sylmarin reduced the liver enzymes in the intervention group. Therefore, it could be of great benefit in the treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD NASH Silymarin 2013 3 01 164 171 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1921-en.pdf 79-1968 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Study of Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Patients with Psoriasis Mehdi Taheri Sarvtin Mohammad Taghi Hedayati Tahereh Shokohi Zohreh Hajheydari E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyper proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of T cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils to dermis and epidermis. Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders is remarkable in patients with psoriasis compared to normal individuals. Psoriasis is believed to have associations with hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the serum lipid profile in psoriatic patients and its association with the severity of disease. Materials and methods: In this case-control study 50 plaque type psoriasis patients and 50 healthy controls were evaluated in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2012. The blood samples were collected after 14 h in fasting condition. The serum triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins were assayed using a standard kit. Results: Some parameters including serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDLS) level were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). The high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly lower in the case group (P<0.001). We found a significant relationship between severity of psoriasis and serum lipid profile level. Conclusion: Results revealed higher plasma level of lipid profile in psoriatic patients. Therefore, to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease monitoring the serum lipid profile level is necessary in psoriatic patients. Atherosclerosis psoriasis serum lipid profile 2013 3 01 173 177 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1968-en.pdf 79-1907 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Depression in Guidance School Students in Falavarjan Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri Zabihollah Kaveh Farsan Hoseynali Mehrab Abbas Shakiba Background and purpose: Early maladaptive schemas develop in childhood and result in high vulnerability to mental disorder. The aim of this study was investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and depression in guidance school students in Falavarjan. Materials and methods: In a relational design study, 250 male students from guidance school in Falavarjan were selected using cluster sampling. To collect the data Schema Inventory for Children (2010) and Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS_R, Birleson, 1981) were used. Results: The results of Pearson correlation showed significant correlations between some maladaptive schemas such as loneliness, vulnerability, mistrust, defectiveness, failure, unrelated standards, entitlement and depression among 11-13 year-old boys. Furthermore, stepwise regression showed five schemas including loneliness, defectiveness, mistrust/abuse, vulnerability and unrelated standards could predict 38.4% depression on the studied population (p<0/05). Conclusion: This study found that early maladaptive schemas can predict significant rate of depression among adolescents. These findings confirmed cognitive theories of depression. Thus, it is necessary to consider maladaptive schemas in treatment plans for adolescent's depression. Early maladaptive schemas depression children 2013 3 01 179 188 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1907-en.pdf 79-1967 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Pertussis Seroimmunity and One Year Immunogenicity of Combined Adult Type Pertussis Vaccine in Pre marriage Girls, 2009-2011 Mohammad Jafar Saffar Abolghasem Ajami Narges Moslemizadeh Alireza Khalilian Hiva Saffar E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Jalil Shojai Background and purpose: After marked reduction of pertussis during recent two decades the incidence of disease is increasing, particularly in early infancy. The main sources of infection in this age group are mother and other household close contacts. Our purpose was to examine whether administrating prepregnancy pertussis booster dose can induce long-term protection enough to provide higher maternal antibodies levels to their offsprings compared with prebooster titers. Materials and methods: Totally 114 healthy 18-35 year-old childbearing age women planning to become pregnant were boosted with one dose of adult type pertussis vaccine. Blood samples were obtained before, four weeks, and one year after boosting. Sera were tested for IgG antipertussis-antibodies using ELISA method. Descriptive statistical method and paired t-test were used to compare the data before and after vaccination. Results: Seroprevalence rate and mean concentration of antibodies at before vaccination were 69.3% and 68.19 (SD 38.46) Eu/mL, respectively which significantly increased to 93.8% and 152.82 (SD 70.31) EU/mL, respectively. One year after vaccination these rates were significantly higher than before vaccination (82.4%, and 107.0 (SD44.75) EU/mL, respectively). Serologically recent pertussis infection was detected in 3.5% of the women. Conclusion: Pertussis booster immunization was safe, well tolerated and highly immunogenic and resulted in immunity which was preserved for more than one year. Further investigations with larger sample size and longer duration are recommended. According to these findings and review of literature, targeted prepregnancy pertussis vaccine boosting may be an alternative strategy to protect young infants. Pertussis pregnancy pertussis booster dTap young infant 2013 3 01 190 198 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1967-en.pdf 79-2085 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 The Effect of Diospyros lotus on Liver Glutathione Level in Mice Administered by Senecio vulgaris Extract Mohammad Shokrzadeh Mohammad Azadbkht Saied Abadean Mohammad Ali Abotorabi Background and purpose: Glutathione is one of the main antioxidants in animals which can protect against hazardous oxidative substances. Diospyros lotus consisted of antioxidants such as flavonoids and naphthoguinones which can influence the glutathione levels. On the other hand, Senecio vulgaris is expected to change the glutathione level, because of possessing toxic and oxidative compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Senecio vulgaris extract on the glutathione level and the protective effect of Diospyros lotus plant. Materials and methods: At the beginning, the plants Senecio vulgaris and Diospyros lotus were extracted. Then, the selected six groups of mice (n=5) were administered by the extracts and the liver glutathione levels were measured separately and coincidently through spectrophotometry method. Results: This study showed that the extract of Diospyros lotus plant significantly increased the level of glutathione (P<0.001) compared with that of the control group but senecio vulgaris decreased the amount of glutathione (P<0.001). But, Senecio vulgaris decreased the glutathione level (p<0.001). According to the increased level of glutathione (P<0.05) compared to the groups exposed to Senecio vulgaris, the plant Diospyros lotus extracts showed more protective effects. Conclusion: The results revealed the protective effect of Diospyros lotus plant extracts. It is believed that the protective mechanism against toxic compounds is contributed to the existence of antioxidative substances including flavonoids and naphthoguinones in Diospyros lotus, that protect the liver against toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid compound found in Senecio vulgaris. Glutathione Diospyros lotus Senesce vulgaris 2013 3 01 200 206 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-2085-en.pdf 79-1909 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Antidepressant Effect of Methanolic Ginger Extract in Diabetic Mice Using Forced-Swim Test Davood Farzin Fatemeh Fathiazad Mojtaba Fazellian Background and purpose: Diabetes-associated depression may occur due to changes in the quality of life imposed by treatment, or may be a consequence of biochemical changes accompanying the disease. There are some reports indicating that treatment with methanolic extract of dried rhizomes of ginger could lead to a significant reduction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced elevation of glucose level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviors of diabetic mice through an animal model of depression -the forced swim test (FST)-, and to determine the efficiency of ginger extract as an antidepressant. Materials and methods: Balb/C male mice (25-30 g) were submitted to the forced-swimming test after seven days induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p.). The test was analyzed using an ethological approach and we investigated the changes of blood glucose levels of diabetic mice during the test. Methanolic ginger extract (175, 350 and 700 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 45 min before the test. Results: Diabetic mice were significantly more immobile during the forced-swimming test. Ginger extract at doses of 175 and 350 mg/kg did not change blood glucose values and decreased immobility of diabetic mice with no change in behavior when compared with nondiabetic mice. Both blood glucose levels and immobility time were significantly lower in the diabetic mice that received the dose of 700 mg/kg ginger extract. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that diabetic mice present more intense depressive-like behavior, when exposed to the forced-swimming test. Ginger extract resulted in antidepressant-like effect in these animals. Increased blood glucose level is involved in depression associated with diabetes, because ginger extract counteracts these changes with modifying blood glucose. Depression diabetes forced-swim test ginger mouse 2013 3 01 208 220 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1909-en.pdf 79-1908 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Relationship between the Times Spent Watching TV and Playing Games with Fat Mass in Primary School Children Somaye Yosaee Sara Ansari Ayob Zamani Amir Saber Gharamaleki Mahmoud Mahmoudi Kurosh Djafarian Background and purpose: Childhood obesity is an important health issue in Iran, however, there is not enough information about the effects of entertainment media on this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the times spent watching TV and playing games with body composition in children aged 6-9 years old in Tehran. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among111children selected through multistage sampling from primary schools in Tehran. Information about the time children spent watching TV and playing games was collected using a questionnaire completed by the children's parents. Moreover, body composition of the children was measured by the Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and the Actigraph was used to determine the children's sleep patterns and physical activities. Finally, energy and macronutrient intake data was obtained using 3-day food records. Results: There was no significant gender difference for the time spent watching TV or videos and playing games. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association (P0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that FMI as a measure of body fat is associated with watching TV. However, further studies are needed to identify the true association between using entertainment media and the alarming rise in childhood obesity and body fat. TV body composition computer game body fat mass BIA 2013 3 01 222 231 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1908-en.pdf 79-1930 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium Concentrations in Irrigation Supply of/and Tarom Rice in Central Cities of Mazandaran Province-Iran Mohammad Shokrzadeh Mahmood Ali Rokni email@example.com Galstvan Background and purpose: Water and soil pollution with heavy metals are among serious ever-growing environmental problems. Human activity accounts for much of the poisonous metals and results in increases soil pollution. There are many factors related to soil and plants properties and environmental issues. Release of heavy metal into food chain in critical densities has harmful metabolic and physiologic effects on living creatures. Materials and methods: Three regions including Movaram Kola, Seyyed Mahalleh, Jouybar Mahalleh Kola located in Sari, Jouybar and Qaemshahr (central regions of Mazandaran province) were investigated to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in paddy fields irrigation and Tarom rice within 2010-2011 agricultural year. Sampling included samples of irrigation with water and rice, and field study for qualitative and quantitative properties of rice. Sampling and test method of heavy metals was in accordance with suggestive method of standard book of method. Finally density of heavy metals of samples was measured using atomic absorption machine. For statistical calculation and quantitative study of data Prism, Stata 11 and t-test were applied. Results: In the studied water samples, level of cadmium in Seyyed Mahalleh was higher than standard level which is worrying due to accumulative effect of cadmium. In addition, level of cadmium in rice samples of Jouybar (Mahalleh Kola) and Seyyed Mahalleh was higher than standard level. Levels of chrome in all studied areas were lower than standard levels. Conclusion: Accumulative effects of heavy metals and their harmful effects on human societies could endanger food safety, therefore, more precautions are needed to reduce such effects. Rice heavy metals water atomic absorption 2013 3 01 234 242 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1930-en.pdf 79-2084 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Efficiency of Hybrid Nano Particles of Tio2/Sio2 in Removal of Lead from Paint Industry Effluents Mohammad Malakootian email@example.com Laleh Ranandeh Kalankesh Mahshid Loloi Background and purpose: Lead is a toxic compound which causes variety of health problems in water environments. This study investigated the efficiency of Tio2/Sio2 hybrid nanoparticles in removal of lead from paint industry effluents. Materials and methods: This experimental study was done in samples of synthetic and real wastewater from Binalood paint factory within six months. The chemical quality of crude sample and its lead was determined and then the influence of PH, absorbent amount and time on the removal of lead was evaluated. Then, the optimal conditions for each of these parameters were determined. The same experiments were done for samples of real wastewater. In order to understand the process of adsorption, kinetics of absorption isotherms equilibrium was also studied. SPSS ver.16 was used to analyze the data. Results: The highest percentage of lead absorption was observed at pH=9, Retention time of 120 minutes, absorbent amount of 0.5g for synthetic solution with removal efficiency of 99.99% and for synthetic solution with the efficiency of 95.56%.The findings revealed that the removal of lead followed the freundlich isotherm (R2=9822%) and the second order synthetic model (R2=9994%). Conclusion: Hybrid nanoparticles had a remarkable effect on the removal of lead (99.99%), so it could be used as an efficient method in removal of lead from industrial effluents. Heavy metal lead absorption 2013 3 01 244 254 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-2084-en.pdf 79-1925 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Effect of 12-Week Pilates and Aquatic Training on Fatigue in Women with Multiple Sclerosis Zohreh Shanazari firstname.lastname@example.com Sayyed Mohammad Marandi Vazgan Minasian Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating disease in which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is destroyed. The most common complications of this disease are fatigue, cramps, tremor, diplopia, and unsteadiness of gait. This study investigated the effects of 12-week Pilates and aquatic training on fatigue in women suffering from MS. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study included 57 female patients attending Kashani MS clinic. The subjects (with MS 0 4/5 8±2 years disease 20-40 years old) were randomly assigned into Pilates, aquatic training and control group. Training program for Pilates and aquatic groups was carried out for 12 weeks (three sessions of one hour per week). Patients' level of fatigue was measured using a fatigue questionnaire, before and after the exercise. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance and paired comparisons of adjusted averages in SPSS V.18. Results: The results showed significant differences in the adjusted mean of fatigue scores in the experimental groups (P<0.05). Pilates exercise interventions and aquatic training significantly decreased the level of fatigue in the experimental groups. Conclusion: Pilates and aquatic training reduced fatigue in patients with MS. Therefore, such exercises could be used as a complementary treatment alongside medications for MS patients. Multiple Sclerosis women Pilates fatigue aquatic Training 2013 3 01 257 264 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1925-en.pdf 79-1956 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Evaluation of Zinc and Copper Serum Concentration in Non-Diabetic Proteinuria Patients and Normal Population Mohammad Shokrzadeh Nasrin Pakravan Samaneh Mirzaeyan Omid Sedighi Omid_ firstname.lastname@example.com Atieh Makhlough Seyedeh Atefeh Mirshafa Background and purpose: Proteinurea is the commonest symptom of chronic kidney disease. The most risk factors for proteinurea are diabetes and hypertension. Other researchers showed that serum level of some metals might change in proteinurea. In this study we checked the changes of zinc and copper serum concentration in non-diabetic proteinuric patients. Materials and methods: This case-control study was performed during 2010-2011 to compare the zinc, copper, iron and selenium serum level in two groups, including 46 cases of healthy control group and 46 cases of non-diabetic patients with proteinurea which were matched for age and sex. The levels of metals (Zn-Cu) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed with SPSS software using independent-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The number of female cases was 26 and male cases were 20 in each group. The mean serum level of Cu in healthy women was 1.167±0.46 and in patient women was 1.232±0.58. These mean numbers were 1.142±0.43 and 0.962±0.46 for healthy and patient men, respectively. The mean serum levels of Zn in healthy and patient women were 1.201±0.38 and 0.918±0.43, respectively. These mean numbers were 1.163±0.35 for healthy men and 0.828±0.503 for patient men. Significant decrease was observed in serum Zn and Cu level in patient group compared with healthy group (p˂0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that the cause of reduction in zinc and copper plasma concentration in proteinurea could be the excretion of protein and albumin from urine. Therefore, edema, disturbance in oxidative process, and renal disorders might occur. Copper zinc proteinurea 2013 3 01 266 270 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1956-en.pdf 79-2045 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Implementing Infection Control Principles in Medical Teaching Hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2011 Masoumeh Alaedini Abdol Sattar Paghe Mahdi Fakhar Ebrahim Nasiri Background and purpose: Nosocomial infections are one of the health problems of the present century. The rate of these infections increases by increase in the length of hospital stay and results in high rate of morbidity and mortality and high hospital costs. Moreover, such infections could easily spread in the community. Successful control of nosocomial infections requires appropriate preventive measures. Applying these principles of infection control by hospital staff can prevent further costs. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in staff working in operating theaters of hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2011. The data was collected using personal information questionnaire, a questionnaire on infection control and environmental checklist and operating room equipment. Through random sampling 200 staff were assessed regarding implementing principles of infection control in the morning, evening and night shifts using direct observation. SPSS was applied to analyze the data. Results: Among the samples 26.5% were male and 63.5% were female. Most of the staff (89%) had acceptable behavior regarding implementing principles of infection control. The design and construction of the operating theaters and facilities were also in good condition. A significant relationship was found between the gender and implementing infection control principles (P=0.029). Conclusion: The studied population followed the principles of infection control regarding personal hygiene, sterilization and aseptic technique. Infection control hospital infections operating room Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2013 3 01 274 280 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-2045-en.pdf 79-1990 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Histopathological Studies of Some Organs of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations of Diazinon Reza Pourgholam E-mail: email@example.com Maryam Ghiyasi Maryam Rezai Hasan Nasrollahzadeh Ali Asghar Saiedi Reza Safari Shahriar Behroozi Moheb Ali Pourgholam Background and purpose: Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide around the world especially in rice paddy fields. Some studies showed that such toxic chemicals can influence the health conditions of fish at various levels including fish immune system and increase the fish susceptibility to infectious diseases. Materials and methods: In this study, histopathological effects of different sublethal concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4 mg/L were investigated on gills, liver, spleen, kidney and nostril of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). One hundred and twenty grass carps weighing 850±155 g were studied at 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposure to the toxicant for 12 hours at 18- 22ºC. Results: Light microscopic examinations of tissues showed that toxicant concentrations caused severe damages to the cells and tissues structure such as congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the tissues of kidney, spleen and liver. Conclusion: There were degenerative changes of interstitial tissue and detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney. We also observed hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane in gill sections and denudation of epithelial surface in nostril. Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) diazinon histopathological studies nostril 2013 3 01 282 287 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1990-en.pdf 79-1919 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Bacterial Bioindicators in Shirood River in Mazandaran Province Reza Safari Zahra Yaghoubzadeh yaghoub@yahoo .com E-mail: Background and purpose: Bioindicators are microorganisms directly associated with environmental changes which their numbers are affected by chemical pollutants. Materials and methods: Sampling was done from four stations in Shirood River in depth of 20 cm of water surface and transferred to laboratory in less than 24 hr. KF medium, SPS, ECC Chrome agar, Plate count agar were used for isolation of fecal streptococci, sulfate-reducing bacteria, E. coli, coliform and heterotrophic bacteria, respectively. Results: The mean count of TVC, fecal streptococci, coliform, E. coli, sulfate-reducing bacteria, in four stations in shirood river were 6.78×105, 9.7×104, 1.07×106, 1.27×106 (cfu/1ml) 6×101, 3.65×102, 5.83×102, 1.6×102 (fecal streptococci) 3.58×103, 3.54×103, 2.11×103, 4.42×103 (coliform) 2.51×102, 6.81×102, 1.95×102, 3.62×102 (E. coli) 3.21×102, 2.62×102, 2.25×102, 2.04×101 (sulfate-reducing bacteria). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the rate of pollution in the studied stations was higher than the standard limits. Other studies also indicate that distribution of some bacterial bioindicators such as coliform and fecal coli forms is very high in site of effluent of domestic and urban sewage. Bioindicator bacteria Shirood River 2013 3 01 289 299 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1919-en.pdf 79-1920 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Influence of Drug and Polymer HPMC K15M Particle Size on the Release Rate of Theophylline from Polymer Matrices Reza Enayatifard Jafar Akbari E-mail: email@example.com Majid Saeedi Omid Razeghian Background and purpose: One of the methods of preparing controlled-release dosage forms is the incorporation of drug in a matrix containing a hydrophilic rate-controlling polymer. Drug-polymer ratio, drug particle size and HPMC particle size have been identified as modifiers of drug release. This study evaluated the relationship and influence of formulation factors such as drug-HPMC ratio and particle size of drug and HPMC on drug release from matrices containing HPMC K 15 M and thophylline as model drug. Materials and methods: Theopylline tablets were obtained by the direct compression method using different particle sizes and ratio of theophylline and HPMC K15M. The physicochemical properties of prepared tablets were investigated. Drug release rate was also studied using USP I dissolution apparatus at pH 1.2 and 7.2. From different formulations the theopylline release was analyzed and then the data was fitted to Kinetic models. Results: The results of the present study showed that the rates of theophylline release from HPMC K15 M matrices are mainly controlled by the drug-HPMC ratio. The drug and HPMC particle size also influenced the drug release parameters, although to a lesser extent. Conclusion: The main factor influencing the drug release from formulations is the polymer content. There is direct relationship between the polymer particle size and drug release. However, there is an inverse relationship between the drug particle size and release of theophylline. Theophylline polymer particle size release rate 2013 3 01 301 310 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1920-en.pdf 79-1980 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Frequency of Legionella Pneumophila in Tap Water and Water of Infant Incubators in Guilan Hospitals, Iran Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam Hamidreza Honarmand E mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Sajad Asfaram Meshginshahr Bahram Soltani Tehrani Majid Nojavan Background and purpose: Nosocomial outbreaks of legionnaires' diseases are usually related to contamination of water sources. This survey investigated the frequency of mip gene in cold and warm water taps and water containers of infant incubators containing legionella pneumophila in hospitals of Guilan province, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used 140 samples. They were collected directly from sterile containers and were concentrated by centrifuge, then transferred to buffered charcoal yeast extract including both L-cyctein, Fe2+ ,glycin, and vancomycin and were incubated for 2-4 days. DNA was extracted using boiling method and PCR was performed to investigate legionella, mip gene and bacterial contamination using different primers. Results: About 8.5% of the samples contained legionella pneumophila that 11.1% were isolated from infant incubators and 5.8% were found in hot and cold tap waters. Mip gene was found in 2.8% of the samples. One third of incubator's legionella pneumophila and half of the legionella pneumophila in hot water taps contained mip gene while the samples from cold taps were not found with mip gene. About 87.2% of negative samples showed bacterial contamination. Conclusion: Today sterile water is used in incubators, however, legionella and bacterial contaminations are considerably high. This may be due to long-term storage of water in incubator container that is a predisposing factor for biofilm formation. In this study high temperature of hot water system and high rate of free residual chlorine in tap water system were the main causes of low rate legionella contamination which did not influence the contamination rate with other bacteria. Legionella pneumophila PCR mip gene hospital water supply 2013 3 01 312 321 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1980-en.pdf 79-1881 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Hyperglycemia and Related Factors in Multiple Trauma Patients in Imam Hossein Hospital, 2010 Afshin Amini Hojat Derakhshanfar email@example.com Hamid Kariman Ali Arhami dolatAbadi Ali Shahrami Mohsen Aramideh Mona Modanloo Kordi Background and purpose: Hyperglycemia leads to some complications in traumatic patients and its control could improve the patient's prognosis. In this study the prevalence of hyperglycemia and its effects were investigated in patients with multiple traumas. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study the blood glucose levels of 472 multiple trauma patients attending emergency department at Imam Hossein Hospital were measured in June-Oct 2010. Diabetic patients were excluded. SPSS ver.16 was applied to analyze the data. Results: The incidence of posttraumatic hyperglycemia in multiple trauma victims was 20%. There was a significant relationship between posttraumatic hyperglycemia and presence of fracture (FX). However, no significant correlation was observed between hyperglycemia and age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and site of trauma. Moreover, this study found a significant correlation between hyperglycemia and intracranial bleeding. Conclusion: Considering high rate of posttraumatic hyperglycemia and previous findings on controlling and improving the patient's prognosis, we recommend checking the blood glucose level of trauma patients` on arrival, particularly among those suspected of having FX. However, further studies are needed to investigate this issue in other traumas. Hyperglycemia multiple traumas traffic accident injured patient 2013 3 01 328 332 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1881-en.pdf 79-1954 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 A case report of Right Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Ruptured into the Right Ventricle in a 30-Year-old Woman with Coincidence of Interventricular Septal Defect Maryam Nabati E-mail:email@example.com Razhan Piran Ahmad Babaei Samira Eslami Aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva are rare cardiac abnormalities. They are dilatations of the aortic sinuses and are classified as congenital or acquired. If located in the right coronary sinus they are usually ruptured into right heart chambers and frequently a ventricular septal defect coexists with this condition. This paper reports a 30-year-old woman with ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle. Transesophageal echocardiography examination and transthoracic echocardiography provides precise information about the aneurysms and coexisting cardiac malformations. Aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva even if asymptomatic, has potential risks of expansion, rupture, cardiac failure, endocarditis, embolism and sudden death. This justifies surgical correction, with a low mortality rate in both the short- and long-term. Careful physical examination and echocardiography in our patient led to early diagnosis before appearance of serious complications. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture transesophageal echocardiography 2013 3 01 334 338 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1954-en.pdf 79-1941 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Human Papillomaviruses and Cancer Farzaneh Fakhraei Mohammad Reza Haghshenas firstname.lastname@example.com Papillomaviruses are small tumor viruses with a genome of approximately 8000 base pairs. They are found in many different types and infect a wide range of animals (from birds to rabbits, dogs, sheep and cattle) and several primates including humans. So far, over 100 different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been identified, among which one-third infect epithelial cells in the genital tract. Certain strains of HPV are associated with different risk levels of the transformation into cervical tumors. The HPV types that infect the genital tract are divided into two categories: high risk and low risk. The low-risk HPVs types such as HPV-6 and HPV-11, commonly cause benign warts and low-grade premalignant lesion that regress and do not progress to cancer while the high-risk types of HPV including HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 are associated with the development of anogenital cancers and are found in more than 99% of all cervical carcinomas, with HPV16 occurring most frequently. Infection by high-risk HPVs is not limited to the genital tract, since approximately 20% of cancers of the oropharynx contain DNA from these HPV types. HPV 16, 18, and 31 are constantly associated with moderate to severe cases of cervical dysplasia and are less associated with invasive cancers of the vulva, penis, and anus. It has been demonstrated that the presence of even minimal amounts of HPV DNA is associated with an increased risk in the development of cervical cancer. HPV DNA is found in up to 100% of cervical tumors, while in cervical tissue of healthy women the figure is typically below 10%. In this study we tried to investigate the role of HPV in human cancer. Human papillomavirus cancer malignancy anogenital intraepithelial neoplasias 2013 3 01 340 360 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1941-en.pdf 79-1969 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 An Overview on the Role of Microbial Agents in Psoriasis Mehdi Taheri Sarvtin Mohammad Taghi Hedayati E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Seyed Amin Ayatollahi Mosavi Mohammad Hosein Afsarian Background and purpose: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by lesions covered with silvery-white scabs of dead skin. This autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Prevalence of psoriasis in world populations is about 0.5-4% depending on the regions. People with psoriasis have an increased incidence of depression, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, however, recently the role of microbial agents in triggering or exacerbating psoriasis has been considered. The main objective of this study was an overview on the role of microbial agents in psoriasis. Materials and methods: Published articles in PubMed/MEDLINE and Iranian databases between 1961 and 2011 were reviewed for the role of microbial agents in psoriasis. The results of these studies were carefully analyzed. Results: Microbial agents, especially Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida species, Malassezia species, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can alter the process of disease via change in the skin characteristic of patients with psoriasis. Conclusion: According to this review, it is believed that microorganisms are very important in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Microorganisms can lead to exacerbation of psoriasis via monocytes and T cells activation by Superantigens and secretion of various toxins. Psoriasis Microbial agents candida malassezia streptococcus 2013 3 01 364 385 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1969-en.pdf 79-2027 2019-10-21 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2013 23 98 Application and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Drug Delivery Systems Hamid Reza Kelidari Jafar Akbari Majid Saeedi E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Nowadays solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been investigated as carrier systems for many applications. SLNs consist of pure solid lipids, while NLCs are made of a solid matrix that entraps liquid lipid nano-compartments. These systems revealed several advantages compared to other colloidal carrier systems. They provide a controlled drug release and an increase in chemical stability of the incorporated drugs. Moreover, they are safe carriers which can be produced easily in a large scale. This paper reviews the commonly used materials, production techniques, characterization, and physical stability of these systems. SLN NLC preparation stability 2013 3 01 387 403 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-2027-en.pdf


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The third installment of our series on Your Light Bodies.
Extending 60 feet from your physical body, your Emotional Body anchors your soul into your physical. It connects into your body through your solar plexus, not into your organs as some book say. If a person is not connected to their emotions then they get stuck in their Mental Body, trying to rationalize everything. This is a challenge because it is an ungrounded state. When the soul isn't grounded into the physical then illness results.
All new information starts with your Emotional Body. This body receives, receives, receives. It is the receiver of all stimuli and so all new information and learning starts here. This is the body that connects you back into your Higher Mind.
From Rediscovering Who You Really Are p.241-242, by Jas Malcolm


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Austrian Merger Control is characterised by a somewhat complex institutional structure, with several authorities having parallel and subsequent jurisdiction.
The Federal Competition Authority (Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde, "FCA") is an independent federal authority. The FCA is headed by the Director General for Competition, who is appointed by the Austrian government but is not subject to instructions.
The FCA shares jurisdiction in phase I investigations with the Federal Cartel Prosecutor (Bundeskartellanwalt, "FCP"), who reports to the Minister of Justice. Together, the FCA and the FCP are referred o as the "Official Parties". Unlike the FCA, the FCP does not have investigatory powers. Both the FCA and the FCP, however, may initiate phase II investigations by applying for an in.depth investigation by the Cartel Court.
The Cartel Court (Kartellgericht, "CC") is part of the Higher Regional Court of Vienna and Regional Court of Vienna and is the ultimate decision-maker in competition cases (including phase II merger control decisions).
The Competition Commission (Wettbewerbskommission) is an advisory body. It may issue recommendations to the FCA on whether to apply for an in-depth investigation. While these recommendations are not binding, the FCA is required to provide reasons if it does not follow a recommendation.
Section 7 CA defines six types of transactions which constitute a concentration:
In practice, the majoirty of mergers notified to the FCA consist of the acquisition of a 25%/50% shareholding or the acquisition of a controlling interest.
The CA does not define a concept of "controlling influence". In practice, the Austrian Courts follow the definition provided in the EC Merger Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 139/2004). Accordingly, "control" consists of the possibility of excercising decisive influence over an undertaking.
Please click here to read the full publication.
This chapter first appeared in The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Merger Control 2019, published by Global Legal Group, Ltd.
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