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Platinum Equity, financial swingers from Beverly Hills, bought the Union-Tribune in March of 2009 for a song. Now San Diegans wonder if that song is "A Cottage for Sale."
On July 11 of this year, the U-T reported that Platinum had hired investment banking firm Evercore Partners to "help evaluate strategic alternatives." Nine times out of ten, such an announcement is the equivalent of hanging out a "For Sale" shingle. That would be particularly true of a private equity firm such as Platinum. Such outfits buy assets to sell them. Platinum's philosophy is to buy mixed-breed pooches and sell them as Thoroughbred racehorses. Its normal holding period is three to five years.
On July 16, a maudlin missive was printed in the U-T under the name of publisher Ed Moss. He promised that the newspaper would be doing great things for San Diego and then stated, "Our commitment to the San Diego region is steadfast…San Diego County is our home."
Huh? Such a statement can be read several ways, but it would suggest that the newspaper — if not Platinum — is remaining in San Diego. (Of course, liar's poker is a favorite game among investment bankers, so possibly very little should be read into Moss's so-called commitment.)
However, I do think it is possible that Platinum and the U-T will remain. It's plausible that media moguls are huddling to combine papers in Southern California. The U-T, Orange County Register, Los Angeles Times, Riverside Press-Enterprise, and papers belonging to the MediaNews Group could combine into one operation — although it's not likely that they all would join in.
The papers would probably be printed in one or two locations. There might be a central copydesk. Certain stories would run in every paper. Accounting, circulation, and sales functions could be integrated. Employment would be slashed.
But where would the money come from? Freedom Communications, parent of the Orange County Register, emerged from bankruptcy last year and is trying to sell its 100 papers, including 27 dailies, along with 8 television stations. Tom Gores, head of Platinum, and his brother Alec Gores, also an investment banker, are said to have bid together for part of Freedom. (Platinum won't address the point.) Freedom and MediaNews have been flirting off and on.
The Los Angeles Times's parent, Chicago's Tribune Company, is slogging through one of history's messiest bankruptcies. It is now going through another round of layoffs. Denver's MediaNews Group owns several Southern California papers, including the Long Beach Press-Telegram, Pasadena Star-News, Los Angeles Daily News, San Bernardino Sun, and the Torrance-based Daily Breeze (once owned by Copley Newspapers, the U-T's former owner). MediaNews went through bankruptcy last year, giving its lenders equity in lieu of a slug of debt.
None of these companies has the financial muscle to control an agglomeration of Southern California newspapers. So Evercore's job might be to find an investor, or more likely a combination of investors (private equity groups, hedge funds, etc.) to supply the capital for the undertaking. Possibly the effort could be coordinated among existing companies, but that's not likely.
Or the Union-Tribune might actually be for sale. There was a rumor to that effect more than a month ago. Platinum Equity claims that it has made the newspaper profitable; cash flow (money in, money out) is supposed to be fat. However, daily circulation has plunged from 261,253 when Platinum bought it to 204,967. Given the thinness of the papers, it seems unlikely that advertising revenue has grown much, if at all, and may have declined. If the paper is in fact profitable, huge personnel cuts are almost certainly the main cause. Adoption of new technologies has probably not enhanced profitability significantly.
And private equity groups are notorious for using old technologies — such as a pencil and eraser — to make it appear that profits are blossoming, when in actuality the accounting has been changed.
Platinum paid about $50 million — and possibly as little as $30 million — for the newspaper and real estate with assessed valuations of more than $100 million. Platinum expected to dump the real estate for a quick, fat profit, but the market remains anemic.
Last year, Tom Gores told Mergers & Acquisitions magazine, and posted on the Platinum website, that the U-T under Copley was "a bit fat, so we've made the paper more efficient in terms of head count." That's a polite way to say employees were sent to the guillotine. Gores went on to say that Platinum bought the paper "at a reasonable value" and saw an opportunity to attack advertising and circulation revenue more realistically. He said it would take a big company to find a way to get readers to pay for online content.
Platinum management, while not answering the questions I posed, has said that acquisitions, partnerships, and divestitures could result from Evercore's efforts.
Says Robert Emmers, spokesman for Freedom Communications, "A lot of observers and media experts have said there has to be some kind of consolidation for traditional media to survive. How it shakes out in Southern California is anybody's guess."
So Evercore may be in search of moneybags who will take this risk. That won't be easy. In March, the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism reported on last year's state of the newspaper industry. As of 2010, newspaper advertising revenue was down 48 percent in four years. Typical newspaper profit margins last year were 5 percent — less than one quarter of what they were in the 1990s. Newspapers are surviving mainly by managing costs. The total audience for newspapers has declined sharply; papers can't charge rates as high as they once did.
About 40 percent of Americans report they read any kind of a newspaper. That's down from 46 percent in 2008 and 52 percent in 2006.
A month ago, pundits would say that the only media organization with the financial heft to take on Southern California papers is Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. But his shareholders don't want him to buy any more papers, much as he loves the business. And he has other things to worry about right now — like a burgeoning phone-tapping scandal at a now-defunct paper in Britain.
More from SDReader
- More stories by Don Bauder
- On the value of fish wrap... — May 20, 2015
- Former U-T head keeps rolling around the desert — May 12, 2015
- Manchester paid more than $110 million for San Diego Union-Tribune — Nov. 22, 2011
- Citizen Gores — July 20, 2011
- In Play — Dec. 14, 2006
I often wonder if newspapers would still be viable if they had provided the level of candor found on Internet news sites. Being an eternal corporate/government mouthpiece doesn't exactly win loyal followers.
Good point. The U-T has long been the classic example of that affliction, and how it cramps circulation and acceptance. Best, Don Bauder
Being one of a dying breed who still likes to hear the newspaper hit our driveway I have mixed feelings. I hate what the UT is today but we need a newspaper so badly.
San Diego needs a reliable, vigilant daily paper. It has a reliable, vigilant weekly: The Reader. Best, Don Bauder
Journalism and evasive, manipulative hyperbole don't mix. But "You can fool most of the people most of the time . . ." [Pardon me, Mr. Lincoln!] If that wasn't true, the UT would have been in the bottom of the bird cage long, long ago.
In my 30 years with the U-T, I was told that my column was the perfect cure for canary constipation. Best, Don Bauder
The advertising in the U-T is getting to be less all the time. Now there are full page ads appearing from these traveling grifter outfits buying gold and jewelry. It's hard to imagine that there is enough such jewelry out there to enable them to pay for a pair of full pages in the U-T, but it must pay off. (That's on top of all the radio advertising other gold and silver buyers are doing.) A few days ago, and continuing for a number of days were full page ads from some traveling outfit that was buying guitars. You'll occasionally see a full page ad from Macy's, but that's about it from the legitimate local advertisers.
I can see some sort of combination of those papers mentioned under single ownership and--unfortunately--single editorial control. If that happens and there's no real competition, we're in trouble. Whatever watchdog functions those papers now play, which doesn't seem to be very much, will shrink or vanish.
When gold and silver take a tumble (and it will happen eventually), those ads will disappear quickly. Best, Don Bauder
We had a cockatoo in those days, but I always read your column first.
But what will make gold take a tumble?
Eventually the precious metals will get unrealistically high and take a pratfall. I don't expect it right away, though. Adjusted for inflation, gold is still way below its past peak. Best, Don Baudeer
The whole U.S. is headed for a Depression of a magnitude nobody will believe. It is a major house of cards and the debt coupled with all the derivatives, will crush everything. I think the DOW could see 4000-5000, housing down another 50% or more....
The system is broken....the only reason it didn't crumble already was due to the massive stimulus money coming in.
Look out below.
The whole U.S. is headed for a Depression of a magnitude nobody will believe. It is a major house of cards and the debt coupled with all the derivatives, will crush everything. I think the DOW could see 4000-5000, housing down another 50% or more....
The system is broken....the only reason it didn't crumble already was due to the massive stimulus money coming in.
Dollar bubble, debt bubble, both are goimng to burst soon, and when it does clear the decks.
The dollar is very weak -- deservedly so. But it could easily go down further. What keeps it up is the similar weakness in Europe. Best, Don Bauder
Of course, the Fed will be pushing out liquidity -- perhaps negative interest rates, certainly QElll -- to fight the outcome you anticipate. However, I am not dismissing your scenario. We lived on debt for three decades and now we are in the deleveraging process. Best, Don Bauder
If the Fed tries to do a QEIII then there is going to be fighting in the streets.
America is no longer going to allow runaway debt spending.
QEI and QEII did NOTHING except drive the country into DEEP DEBT-and QEIII is not going to do anything positive either.
The best predictor of future performance is PAST performance, and based on QEI and QEII you would have to be a certified MORON to go wtih a QEIII.
Don-look at the annualized GDP growth for Q1 and Q2 of 2011..... 0.4% and 1.3%, respectively.
It's obvious what is happening in the economy from QE, it is doing NOTHING but causing BIGGER problems.
"Americans (and increasingly, almost everybody else) know the price of everything and the value of nothing." --Winston Churchill (possibly "borrowed" from someone else?)
As Jim Wright once said, "We just can't go on selling pizzas to each other."
Now, we can't go on selling HOUSES to each other.
The San Diego economy, in particular, is a case of people doing each other's laundry. With manufacturing employment lower than the national average, we are not producing enough. Best, Don Bauder
To what extent do y'all think industrial demand for gold is responsible for its rise, and to what extent due to lack of confidence in the "system?"
Re: By dbauder 8:42 p.m., Aug 3, 2011
Buying gold is a purely speculative buy, not a security buy, despite what some people think or say.
If you base your opinion on industrial use of gold and silver, you have a point. Both gold and silver are being supported by fear. To that extent they are speculative buys. Best, Don Bauder
Monex must be doing good today, with the gold bubble.
Anyone that buys gold at todays market rate is nuts.
Gold traded for more than a decade at or around $300/oz......
I have never owned gold -- to my sorrow today. It doesn't pay interest (something I insist upon) and you might even have to pay for storage. Best, Don Bauder
To what extent is industrial demand for gold responsible for its rise, and to what extent due to fear?
I hope this makes my question more clear. I don't know where to get the data.
There are no data for questions like this. Such market moves are subjective. However, when a precious metal soars in price, you have to conclude that its industrial use probably stays relatively constant while the investment or speculative juices are causing the bulk of the move. Best, Don Bauder
Don, you explained that one of the main reasons the dollar remains as healthy as it has so far is that the EURO has similar problems.
Now, traditionally, when one currency is inflated (to pay debts with valueless paper) it is compensated by a run to another more trustworthy currency.
Yet, as you describe, the primary alternative, the EURO, is in similar condition. In fact, it seems that the quantitative easing practised by the guardians of both currencies is keeping them in a sort of miserable equilibrium.
Gold prices, and other popular commodities bets, I think are not based on industrial futures, but a direct result of folks like Glenn Beck hard selling it as a secure investment for believers in the coming apocalypse.
I'm dystopian when it comes to the next decade or so of financial ugliness we'll endure, but since I don't think Jesus will be appearing in a shaft of light to smite the unbelievers, I want a long term plan to ensure there's something for my family.
Property is still inflated (when compared to rental income), commodities are a sucker's bet, stocks and bonds...please don't expect me to believe the SEC or Treasury is interested in protecting our investments.
Hiding cash under the mattress might be safer than relying on corporate owned databases, where our alleged wealth is actually a collection of ones and zeroes. After working in IT for two decades, I don't trust software -- especially complex financial software that is connected with other massive and complex software. I know what can, and probably will go wrong, although nobody can know exactly when.
So what is left?
First, the dollar is not really strong. It has declined a great deal against a basket of currencies. As to what's the best strategy: I have about 72% of my portfolio in bonds, mostly municipal bonds that I deem to be relatively secure (I could find out otherwise, admittedly.) I don't buy long bonds or notes -- keeping maturities around 5 to 10 years. I have no U.S. Treasury paper. The other 28% is in stocks, almost entirely in ones that pay dividends of around 4% or more. That means I am loaded up with utilities, pharmaceuticals, oils, a few consumer staples, pipelines, royalty trusts, etc. I do have some overseas investments, such as in Australia and New Zealand. In retrospect, I should have more in those countries, and more in Canada. In short, I go for income, even though the dollar is sputtering. The portfolio has done well in this tough environment, but I am realistic enough to know that I could turn out to be a dunderhead eventually. Best, Don Bauder
I thought maybe huge electronics sales might have been big enough that the gold price, in terms of "real value," might have risen to some "real market" price without the fear factor. Granted, however, that gold speculators and their henchmen will always be pumping up panic with the idea of selling at the top, thus depressing the price of gold, perhaps even below its "real value" price, then buying in again, ad nauseam. It would seem to me that one might bet short-term, riding on the coattails of the speculators, hoping to sell just before they did, but if not, still having SOME value--which would beat being wiped out entirely.
Regarding Fred's last post: Thanks(I think . . .), Fred, for authoritatively reinforcing my fears about computer programs. My "solution" is to "get small," and "invest" in cached food (e.g. beans and other seeds) in an area so remote and undesirable that Mad Max and his boys would not be attracted there, and learn how to make arrowheads and bows . . . I'll put some of the rest into Don's formula and let the financial managers handle the rest. Diversityculitus?
That is, the earth that the meek shall inherit will be far, far, from anybody's concept of Eden. Not to mention "The American Dream."
Re: By dbauder 9:05 p.m., Aug 5, 2011, Fred_Williams 12:18 a.m., Aug 6, 2011, dbauder 7:34 a.m., Aug 6, 2011
The fear can go the other way, too. A few years ago, when gold was very weak, the precious metals investors and speculators were convinced that world central banks were involved in a conspiracy to run the price of gold down. If so, it didn't work. Best, Don Bader
Maybe I can actually turn a profit on the gold I bought about thirty years ago. Maybe? Or should I hold it and wait for it to double?
My guess is that gold has further to go on the upside. But central banks can always dump gold to hold down its price, thus, they believe, bolster confidence. Best, Don Bauder
Down another 600 points. This is only going to cause consumers to spend way less, which will cause negative GDP. The amount of wealth lost in 2 weeks is beyond belief. We have had zero economy for 20+ years..the 90s were the internet bubble economy, which turned out to be a fraud and burst and the 2000s was the housing market, which created false jobs in mortgage business, real estate, construction, banking etc.... then burst. What has been our real economy for the past 20+ years? It all started with Reaganomics and the export of jobs to overseas. Middle Class is done. Even college degreed ones. Future looks really bleak.
It all started with Reaganomics and the export of jobs to overseas. Middle Class is done. Even college degreed ones. Future looks really bleak.
================== 100% correct. The middle class has been destroyed, by the last 6 Presdients.
Our entire manufacturing base is now gone.
China exports more goods in a single day today-in 2011- than they did in an entire year in 1978.
China has to export. Their own economy doesn't consume enough to be self supporting at the levels the Chinese gov't wants. And if China tries to unload what has been reported to be more than $1trillion in US debt, the only thing they woould be doing is shootng themselves in the foot because the shrinking the value of the dollar would only hurt the value of their own reserves. They'll keep on buying US debt because it's still the best alternative.
They'll keep on buying US debt because it's still the best alternative.
While I agree US debt is still the best of all the options, I think China might want to think twice before taking on more US debt.
I would never buy gold at todays prices, but gold cannot be debased like the dollar has been.
Yes, they will keep buying US debt for the reasons you cite. However, they may buy LESS US debt. That's the worry. Best, Don Bauder
The U.S. did give away its manufacturing base for the sake of short term profits that would permit CEOs to rake in $14 million a year and Wall Street moguls to rake in $100 million. Congratulations, plutocrats: you destroyed the economy that made you rich. Best, Don Bauder
The economy has done great for the upper 2% to 10% since the Reagan years, but has gone down for everybody else. This is as a result of both monetary and fiscal policy. Whether Reagan understood it or not, his backers used him to move the U.S. economy toward a plutonomy, or an economy aimed at massaging the rich at the expense of the bottom 90%. Best, Don Bauder
surfpuppy619 try and find a copy of a Kris Kristofferson/Jane Fonda movie called Rollover. Replace the Arabs in the plot with the Chinese and there's your doomsday scenario.
I don't think so. Why Kristofferson would have co-starred with her is a mystery. Sure, Redford would make movies with her, they were cut of the same cloth. In case you're wondering why, I can only restate the old bumper sticker. "Vietnam vets are not fonda Jane." 'Nuff said.
I thought Jane Fonda got religion and denounced her earlier activities. Or am I confusing her with somebody else? Best, Don Bauder
Several years ago she offered a sort-of half-a**ed apology that satisfied nobody but her backers. At the same time, she offered justification for what she'd done. Not exactly a denunciation of her activities. It is a mystery to many of us that she was ever given the opportunity to make another movie, or was even able to freely travel the nation, let alone resume a career.
try and find a copy of a Kris Kristofferson/Jane Fonda movie called Rollover. Replace the Arabs in the plot with the Chinese and there's your doomsday scenario.
Will rent it.
Kris Kristofferson's older brother is Kraig-he has been a commercial real estate broker here in San Diego for over 30 years, keep an eye out for his listings- downtown office listings.
I would rather be almost anything -- including a Hollywood actor -- than sell commercial real estate in San Diego now. Best, Don Bauder
Rollover is about 30 yrs old, so I don't know aboout renting it, but it's easy to find on the internet. I have heard KK talk about his brother before. I think he was in SD while he was in the Navy. But I agree with Don Bauder. Not a good time to be in commercial RE right now. We have a friend who works @ CBRE corp office in Santa Monica. I may shoot her an email and see what she says aboput him. If he's been there 30 some yrs, he must be decent at what he does.
I have heard KK talk about his brother before. I think he was in SD while he was in the Navy.
In the old days-when Miramar was Fighter Town USA, the commercial real estate field was clogged with former naval aviators-it was all a big club for them, and your chances of being admitted into a major commercial RE firm went up 500% if you were a former pilot.
Since the navy abandoned San Diego that has really changed.
I assume you mean since naval aviation abandoned San Diego. The Navy still has a pretty large presence in San Diego if I'm correct. Not as much as when I was down there as a kid, in the 50's-70's,for sure but Navy is still there. And I think NASNI still has quite a few sqandrons based there. And it really wasn't the Navy, you can blame BRAC for that. BTW, the Marines were actually at Miramar before the Navy was. It wasn't until after WWII that MCAS El Toro opened and the Navy took control of Miramar. My late uncle was a Navy fighter pilot and was stationed in San Diego at one time. I don't really no much of the details, but he was at Miramar for a while. He deployed on the Constellation a couple of times. He was flying from the Constellation he was shot down in early 1971.
Yhe Navy still has a BIG presence, especially with 32nd Street and North Island, but the pilots were mainly from Miramar.
I think the loss of Miramar, and the NTC, were a major blows to SD, the place is very different w/o those two institutions. Taking them was taking part of the soul and culture of the city.
Don't ask me about movies. I see about 2 a year. Best, Don Bauder
As Don says, gold could turn down. What's the history on this? What have been the scenarios that have caused steep declines in the price of gold in the past, and how badly and for how long were holders of gold hurt?
The last big crash in gold was a case of the stuff getting vastly overvalued, and the economy also improving. Best, Don Bauder
Well, if the Fed is promising to give away money for another two years, one could buy at, say $1,800 and sell at say, $2,500 a year from now . . .?
Of course, you can't borrow for nothing. Only the banks can. And remember, this includes former investment banks such as Goldman Sachs which became commercial banks during the late crisis in one of the more outrageous moves of that bailout period. Sure, Goldman Sachs can borrow money for zero and invest it any way it wants. You can expect the Fed to dish out more to keep the market afloat. Possibly a QEIII program, or the central bank once again buying bonds to keep long term rates low. The liquidity dose the Fed gave yesterday was possibly not enough, given what is happening to the stock market today (Aug. 10). Best, Don Bauder
Serfdom may be illegal, but if you have enough power, that's irrelevant.
Of course. If you have enough money and clout, you can keep all the people you want in a state of servitude, and you can also steal at will. Unfortunately, it's the way the system works (doesn't work). Best, Don Bauder
VigilantinCV said: "Being one of a dying breed who still likes to hear the newspaper hit our driveway I have mixed feelings. I hate what the UT is today but we need a newspaper so badly."
I couldn't agree more. Unfortunately, that's exactly how Platinum provides its product — BADLY.
Remember that Platinum Equity is a private equity group that buys assets to sell them. It says it has made the U-T profitable, but I wonder if it has merely loosened up the accounting. However, I don't KNOW that -- just suspect it from what I know about private equity groups. It has made massive layoffs;; that could lead to profitability that is transient. Best, Don Bauder
What are the tangible assets worth? What's the asking price? How much negotiating room? How many customers who will pay enough to realize a profit when they're flipped?
Platinum bought real estate from Copley with assessed valuations of above $100 million. But the commercial real estate industry is in the megrims. They are not worth that sum in this market. As to customers? Don't know. I doubt if the U-T does either. Best, Don Bauder
Sadly, the only difference between dinosaurs and the UT is a meteor hasn't struck 350....yet. And, like the dinosaurs, print newspapers will be extinct within a decade, two at the most. The process of printed and distributing a newspaper is just too slow in this technologically paced world. While newspapers worked for Benjamin Franklin in a brave new world, the 24/7 newscycle never stops, and is stale in just a few hours.
While magazines, weekly and boutique papers will survive albeit not without pain, the daily is dead. But San Diego, with its history of corruption, mismanagement and other shenanigans absolutely needs a Watchdog on guard. Hopefully whoever ends up running the enterprise known as the UT will be able to bring it into the 21st century with a new strategy for success.
The U-T is trying to utilize electronic means of getting out news quickly. The trick is making money on it. I think big metro dailies have a short life span facing them, although I think they will still be alive in two decades. Small dailies in remote areas are often doing very well and will continue to do so. Same for some weeklies. Reason: little electronic competition. A classic example is Lee Newspapers, parent of the North County Times. This company was doing very well with small newspapers until it took on a pile of debt to buy the St. Louis Post Dispatch. Then Lee's results and value plunged. Best, Don Bauder
In the UT, a very bad thing. Mike Aguirre pumping for a Sports Authority to give away money to professional sports teams...a hagiography of the Chargers experience and its alleged importance to San Diego. With the anticipated forebearance of the Reader's admin, I am reposting my reply in the comments here:
See the original here and feel free to add your comments:
No, Mike...you're wrong on this issue.
We've spoken, and I've supported you over the years when everyone else was calling you names. But I think you're on the wrong track when you eloquently, but misleadingly, equate a fleeting pleasant emotional state, vicariously achieved, with accomplishment and pride.
San Diego has paid (and paid, and paid, and paid) for professional football entertainment for 50 years.
Football is a sport that really belongs to the east coast, south, and midwest. California is known for surfing, skating, volleyball, and other sports more reflective of our lifestyle and climate.
So its no wonder that a sports-entertainment business requires constant government support to maintain itself when the residents of the area have so many other, better, cheaper, healthier options than being "fans" of imported and mostly irrelevant football.
Considering this, it's simply unreasonable that we should continue the folly of subsidizing this expensive entertainment when we are cutting VITAL services.
San Diego is not unique or consequential or substantially better because of the Chargers. The opposite may be true. If football is so important, and really makes a city great, then surely Detroit, Green Bay, or Pittsburgh must be ranked more highly for quality of life than San Diego?
Come on, Mike. San Diego is what it is because of the sand, surf, weather, educational institutions, proximity to Mexico, and long time Navy influence. The professional sports teams are a mere footnote.
So I disagree. We do NOT need yet another layer of government, a sports authority, to employ former professional politicians as they await a return to office. We do NOT need to continue the bad precedent of throwing away money subsidizing entertainment when we're simultaneously cutting spending on education, infrastructure, and public safety.
Football may be fun and interesting, and produce momentary euphoria. Well, so is reality television, or pot, sniffing glue, or watching strippers for that matter. That doesn't make it something we should subsidize at the expense of our long term interests.
You can love the Chargers, or you can love San Diego. In today's economic climate, Mike, you cannot love them both.
Fred Williams
While I am very disappointed in Aguirre stumping for this sports giveaway scheme, I don't see football as "a sport that really belongs to the east coast, south, and midwest." It is plenty popular here in California and in other Sun Belt areas. Just look at the following the Chargers have kept during some really poor seasons with inept coaching and weak offenses. One of the reasons "San Diego has paid (and paid, and paid, and paid) for professional football entertainment for 50 years" is that the football fans really, really wanted a pro team here and no politician dared to oppose the giveaways. It was the true third rail of local politics. Fred, you're right about loving the team or loving the city being mutually exclusive, but anyone who comes out publicly and says that SD taxpayers will no longer pay for the team and that Spanos and gang are welcome to leave for LA is political toast.
That's right: the politician saying the Chargers can leave is toast because 20% of sports fans are utterly rabid. They make up a significant voting bloc. Pathetic, that, but true. I hope these fans, and those working for the Chargers, realize that using redevelopment funds to subsidize teams owned by billionaires is theft from schools. But, sad to say, the San Diego establishment would rather have highly-subsidized pro football than good schools. Best, Don Bauder
Politicians who oppose sports subsidies are toast.
Yes. Very true.
In 1994 I was a minor darling of San Diego Republicans, a promising young politician who had done well in an underfunded city wide race, built up name recognition and contacts, was probably going to run again and maybe win...
Then I joined people like Richard Rider in opposing the midnight demolition (anyone remember that?) and rebuild of The Murph, the quickie naming rights sale (at a bargain price) to Irwin Jacobs, and the inevitable "golly, now the Padres need a place to play" that followed.
I debated Roger Hedgecock on air, predicting that we would end up paying out the nose for the ballpark (he claimed it would never take a dime from the general fund).
Yes, I also simultaneously moved fulltime into IT, where the money is much better and the work is far more honest. Yet I can say with some certainty that as soon as I became anti-sports-subsidies, any plans for eventually representing San Diegans in poltical office were "toast".
(And it's probably made my life a lot better, to tell the truth...)
P.s. To validate what I claim here, have a look at UT archives for 1994, SDCCD Board of Trustees, District E, and check the final election results through the Registrar's website. Don't know if recordings of Hedgecock are available from so long ago...I doubt it.
P.p.s. I'm sure if I were to run for office today, even having been largely vindicated in my previous positions, as an open atheist, foreign language speaker, former trailer park resident, who opposes sports subsidies...I would be the first candidate in history to actually receive a negative number of votes.
I agree with you, Fred, and not with Aguirre. However, I had talked with Aguirre before the piece ran, and a critical part of it was apparently left out. I am not free to say what it was. I reached Aguirre and he was camping. I hope he gives me permission to state what may have been left out. Best, Don Bauder
Now that is interesting...please do ask him for permission to tell us wtf he was really thinking.
Also ask, please, why he trusts the UT after all the times it has sabotaged him...is it Charlie Brown kicking at Lucy's football?
Good grief!
I was a big fan and supporter of Aguirre. He caught me napping. More than once. No more. The Emperor has been disrobed. Three strikes--or should I say running the ball into the wrong end zone? Well, if sports are good for anything, at least they provide metaphors, analogies, and aphorisms.
"Even Napoleon had his Watergate." Yogi Berra
Again, a critical part of that piece was left out. I am not free to say what it was. I hope to be. Mike should have said the piece should have been killed if the critical part was to be deleted. Best, Don Bauder
And the great Yog takes another foul ball in the gut:
Well, I saw Ed Roski's front man on TV a few weeks back, and he *claimed* the financiing for an LA Stadium is all set-done deal, no hold ups (I find this imposssible to believe) and the only thing holding them from breaking ground was they did not have a team yet.
Go Chargers. Go away already.
Yeah, but the momentum seems to be with AEG, not Roski. I doubt that two stadiums will be built. Will the Chargers go to LA? There is no doubt in my mind that this is what ownership prefers. But because there could be roadblocks to going to LA, the team continues to claim it wants to stay in San Diego. It's going down two tracks, and one (to LA) is the preferred one. Best, Don Bauder
Grown up men and women may PLAY sports, but be he or she who just likes to watch . . . well . . .
If the Chargers move to LA, think about this: San Diegans could probably watch the games on TV without fear of blackouts. It's really a TV game. Best, Don Bauder
If the Chargers move to LA, think about this: San Diegans could probably watch the games on TV without fear of blackouts. It's really a TV game. Best, Don Bauder
========================= Oh man, you nailed it Don!!!!!! Good one.
NO MORE blackouts!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And yet LA is still close enought to drive and see the game in person if fans wanted to!
We ALL win!!!!!
The best part is that the half a billion dollars -- at least -- that the City would save could go to repair infrastructure, clean up rundown neighborhoods, reopen libraries and rec centers, etc. Best, Don Bauder
That depends, surfpuppy619. Remember, the league sets primary markets and secondary markets. L.A. is a secondary market to San Diego and is affected by blackouts of the Charger games. If the Chargers are blacked out in SD, then they're blacked out in L.A. as well; you have to go to Santa Barbara or Bakersfield or Yuma to see them. It would be logical to assume that if the Chargers move from San Diego to L.A. then the league would just flip flop the primary and secondary markets. And the secondary markets aren't required to show the games anyway so maybe the San Diego stations wouldn't show them just out of spite. I have been told that if you have a direct tv dish, allegedly for your rv, that is registered in the Silicon Valley, say Cupertino for example, then in theory, no matter where you were, you would be able to get everything but the Niners and Raiders. Not that I have any personal knowledge of such things.
But wouldn't all those millions of pro football starved Angelenos and OCountians flock to see the new "home" team and produce sellouts? A sellout is a sellout is a sellout. There would be a huge market for televising those games to SD county.
I couldn't tell you about that one. Are you a Chargers fan and if so would you drive up to LA for a game? I'm not a Chargers fan. I follow the Niners, Patriots and Cowboys. So unless one of those 3 teams are relocating, I'm not all that interested. If it were a new expansion team, I might feel differently. But If I don't already follow a team, I'm not going to give up following a team or teams I have been following for decades just because the Chargers or any other team moves to L.A. Apparently, I'm not one of those " fanatics" Don Bauder writes about.
Back on the original topic...UT profitability.
As a "geek", I notice things...about the signonsandiego website:
They're running a massive amount of flash advertisements. If you're able, check out the plugin container on your browser and how it goes through the roof when you open the UT site. Kill the plugin, (see the flash animations grey out) and look...the plugin restarts and you have to kill it a second time. Very interesting...
I'm assuming they're scooping up a lot of user data. I wouldn't be surprised if they're using the controversial "zombie cookies".
On another revenue increasing front, instead of having articles as static elements to which other functions (like commenting) point, they tend to have replications of articles (seemingly as unique instances, which is important for billing). The result can be seen right now with the Aguirre stadium op-ed. There are two (that I know of) identical versions of the article, each with a unique comment thread. (Strangely, while the urls appear identical, it depends on how you navigate to the article to determine which version you are served.)
One way you can detect this is claims by regular UT commenters that their comments have been removed...actually, they've just been served a different version of the same page...with it's own unique comment thread.
So it looks, from the outside, like their site administration isn't well planned or deployed -- although from the inside it may make quite good sense since this strategy may boost ad rates and claims of unique page hits. (Cool, we charge the advertisers twice on the Aguirre piece, and they probably won't notice...hee, hee.)
It's also possible, of course, that they charge different rates for these different versions of the same page, and all this is well understood by their advertisers...or it's even possible that they serve a different instance of the same article based on what they learn from the persistent zombie cookies.
I don't really know, and am only guessing from observing as an outsider. Still, I find it interesting to watch the evolution of the UT site and what they're running in the user's browser.
Those are some very insightful observations, Fred. It is a good question whether the online version is jacking up its unique hits. If it is happening, it would permit the raising of rates. Advertisers would be cheated. Remember, I don't know this is happening, but you have raised some very good points. Best, Don Bauder
I just avoid the site. There's no there there anyhow.
If the UT (and countless other website "administrators") spent more time understanding how the Internet CAN work (potential), and less time being obsessed with how it DOES "work," which reduces its potential to an on-line version of old-line/off-line whizz-bang toy, they could make billions honestly. But I ain't about to tip them off. Nobody's done it yet, but somebody will someday. Honest hacking, not cracking, is actually heroic.
"Honest hacking?" Please expatiate. Best, Don Bauder
HEADLINE THIS--Over and over again until we all get deja vu . . .
"If the Chargers move to LA, think about this: San Diegans could probably watch the games on TV without fear of blackouts. It's really a TV game. Best, Don Bauder"
By dbauder 8:47 p.m., Aug 15, 2011
Since Los Angelenos already watch the Chargers on TV, there could be something to appease SD -- maybe the team being named the Southern California Chargers. When SDG&E combined with a utility in the LA area, the compromise was to move the headquarters to SD. This would be similar. Best, Don Bauder
That would be an extra-smart marketing move, but the pack of sleazebags running the show are far, far too stoopid (paranoid, narcissistic, psychopathic) to think out of their greasy boxes.
You can have no idea how much egocentrism plays into their calculating. It is very important to them to screw the opposition. Of course, their consumption of drugs magnifies everything.
They wouldn't give you the satisfaction--even if it cost 'em.
O'Neill did a fabulous job. This is not the first time I've screwed up a reference--for years I attributed "It's a helluva lot easier to find a million suckers with a buck than one sucker with a million" to P. T. Barnum
Kindly fix this one too, please.
Was that Eugene O'Neill? Best, Don Bauder
I suppose I should know him, but I confess I don't. Best, Don Bauder
". . . not a transcript of Yogi Berra's SLU commencement address. It's the invention of St. Louis Post-Dispatch sportswriter Dan O'Neill, who, not having heard Yogi's actual address, published (a week after the event) his own imagined version of what a Yogi Berra speech might sound like. O'Neill's introduction to the article clued readers in that he was writing with tongue planted firmly in cheek . . ."
See: "And the great Yog takes another foul ball in the gut:
. http://www.snopes.com/quotes/yogiberr ... .
By Duhbya 9:28 a.m., Aug 16, 2011 "
In other words, I screwed up and accepted a Yogi quote from an Internet Yogi and Duhbya caught me, leveling one right past my nose in his usual cryptic, spitball fashion. Sabe?
Cryptic, si. Spitball, no. It's a slider. And the arcane posts are due primarily to the 12 hour per day nature of my work, staring at and fiddling with 2 pc's all day, while fielding 150-200 calls from clients. At least it's spent in the idyllic confines of my casa, comforted by pets and females. Now if I could just find me one a' them newfangled standing desks.....
The Hacker's Code of Ethics (as opposed to "crackers."
Fred Williams might care to explain this better, as he is much more qualified than I (a real computer Luddite).
Levy (1984) suggests that there is a "code of ethics" for hacking which, though not pasted on the walls, is in the air:
Access to Computers - and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works - should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative! All information should be free. Mistrust Authority - Promote Decentralization. Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position. You can create art and beauty on a computer. Computers can change your life for the better. Reference:
Levy, Steven. 1984. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 458 pp.
This is one version. "Cracking," on the other hand, is considered unethical by hackers.
Good to know the difference between hackers and crackers. What about Packers -- as in Green Bay? Best, Don Bauder
I'm not a hacker myself, but I know a few...
I think the hacker ethic is very compatible with libertarianism politically, which is why such a large number of IT folks support someone like Ron Paul.
There''s nothing wrong with our Stadium, only the Chargers complain about it. The present location is superior. My guess is that Spanos wants to develop the current stadium parking lot. This real estate equity must be the cash that would make the deal go. This a very poor time to sell/lease city property, because demand is low.
12th and Imperial is not a better place to see a football game than Mission Valley, even if the new Stadium was free. The proposals I've seen so far seem like paying a Billion dollars to be poked in the eye. I challenge any one who backs this proposal to leave their car five hours on the street in the evening at the proposed site. Who wants to drop off your teenager on South 16th?. This is SO CRAZY.
Yes, the whole idea is crazy, particularly since the Padres attracted more attendance at Qualcomm (even with losing teams) than they have brought in the last few seasons since the novelty of Petco wore off. Qualcomm has superb parking and an excellent location. Best, Don Bauder
"San Diego needs a reliable, vigilant daily paper. It has a reliable, vigilant weekly: The Reader. Best, Don Bauder By dbauder 12:29 p.m., Aug 3, 2011"
What are the Reader's demographics?
I'm not the one to ask about Reader demographics. That's a question for the management. Best, Don Bauder
Ok, I'll speculate: The Reader's readership is highly skewed toward the youngest end of the spectrum; the UT to the oldest. I suspect that it is even more extreme right here in Bauder City.
Does this have anything to do with the death of newspapers? Would a quality-packed daily that reconciled the Great Age Divide have any hope of surviving?
Again, I am not qualified to speak (certainly not for the Reader) on this topic, but I believe I have a right to state my own opinion. I think the Reader has a demographic profile that pleases advertisers -- that is, a young, greatly post-college readership, generally well-educated. I think the U-T has an older audience -- certainly more pro-establishment than the Reader. Best, Don Bauder
What overlap of those two demographic might a regional daily be well-advised to consider?
Young audiences get their information online. It's much more timely. But the Reader gives them interpretative stories they can't get anywhere else. And we also give such stories online. But the U-T is simply incapable of providing such interpretations to its readership. Never has been and I doubt ever will be. Best, Don Bauder
I hope Fred will find the time to hold forth a bit more on hackers and Ron Paul and Libertarianism.
RE: "I'm not a hacker myself, but I know a few...
I think the hacker ethic is very compatible with libertarianism politically, which is why such a large number of IT folks support someone like Ron Paul. By Fred_Williams 11:40 p.m., Aug 17, 2011"
I am for full disclosure. But the information should not be obtained illegally. Best, Don Bauder
Well, we could still be English subjects. Worse, we are serfs for Wall Street. Don, all hackers are not criminals; what is criminal is how our Regal Authorities use statutes to manipulate us.
Agreed: we are serfs under Wall Street's control. Best, Don Bauder


text:
Hearing the term "priceless" may create a bit of eye-roll sometimes, since the phrase can seem like a cop-out for businesses that don't want you to know their full costs.
Think of jewelry commercials where the automatic answer is "priceless memories!" instead of saying "it costs you thousands to buy your sweetie the biggest rock so you don't look cheap." Or worse, hearing "if you need to ask, you can't afford it."
For home security, however, "priceless" is a good starting place, but more specific details help.
Customers of Protect America, for instance, are charged a fixed monthly rate for professional monitoring services plus state-of-the-art equipment. They are guided step-by-step through what areas of their home or business they want protected, and the knowledgeable customer service staff is eager to assist and share membership info, starting with the affordable "Copper" level.
ADT customers, on the other hand, may experience challenges figuring out what they owe, since there can be fees beyond the monthly costs. Plus, prices are known to go up, even in the middle of a contract.
What else you get
The priceless part comes in when you calculate everything that a strong security system offers beyond basic costs, such as:
- Peace of mind. Although you probably will always worry about your home, you don't have to worry as constantly.
- The ability to monitor your own home. Better security companies make it easy for homeowners to watch their security cameras with a tablet or smartphone, and for cameras to keep rolling when you're not home.
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Safer streets.
Beyond how a system can aid you and your family, it can actually do more. A New York Times article about security systems concluded that its value isn't just protecting you and your stuff.
…residential break-ins decreased as the density of alarms in an area increased. In other words, the more people paying that monthly monitoring fee on your street, the more likely a burglar is not going to take a chance that a police officer is right around the corner.
Essentially, security systems have the potential to create stronger neighborhoods. But you, and perhaps your neighbors, still have to find a plan that works for you in terms of cost and technology.
That's where companies like Protect America like to help, and places like ADT can cause confusion with too many choices and confusing rates, especially if every neighbor pays different amounts.
Compare service
Two of the country's largest monitored security companies are ADT and Protect America. ADT does promise an extensive menu of offerings and gadgets, and they often require professional installation. The price varies based on promotions, but most standard monthly prices currently range from $37 to $50.
Protect America looks for ways to be innovative and affordable, including getting the customer involved in the easy installation.
Homeowners interested in learning monitored home security can receive a free quote from Protect America.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
'A subscription to the Society is the greatest investment a writer can make.' Philip Pullman
An annual award of £1,000 for a short story, financed by a bequest made by Miss Nellie Tom-Gallon in memory of her brother and generously supported by ALCS.
Entry to the 2020 prize is now open.
The deadline for entries is 31 October 2019 at 5pm (GMT).
Enter Now
The ALCS Tom-Gallon Trust Award is generously supported by the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS).
Charity number 212405


text:
Rapidly Increasing Requirement for Non-Invasive Therapy is Likely to Bolster the Growth of the Global Scoliosis Management Market During 2018-2028
Date : Jul 23, 2018 Author : PMR Editorial Staff Category : Lifestyle
Online Sales Largest Distribution Channel in the Global Scoliosis Management Market
Scoliosis is a spine disorder that results in becoming the spine of C-shaped or S-shaped. It makes the body to appear uneven from the waist, hips or shoulders. As the reason stays unknown it is known as idiopathic scoliosis. Spinal fusion, braces and exercises are the major treatments for scoliosis managing. In general, an individual suffering from scoliosis favors utilizing customized braces, since the therapy is less costly in contrast to surgery. The braces customization relays on the level of the curvature.
As per the latest market report published by Persistence Market Research, the global market for scoliosis management is anticipated to record a 3.6% CAGR all through the assessment period. North America regional market is anticipated to lead the global market in value terms within the assessment period, followed by Western Europe.
The worldwide market for scoliosis management is inclusive of various product types such as Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO), Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO) along with Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Orthosis (CTLSO). The (TLSO) product type category is projected to record a remarkable 3.8% CAGR all through the assessment period. The overall market based on the age group includes adolescents, juvenile and infantile. Among these, the adolescent age group category is projected to lead the worldwide market for scoliosis management all through the set time period and is likely to account for US$ 3,494.9 Million towards 2028 end in revenue terms within the assessment period. In terms of the distribution channel, the worldwide market for scoliosis management is categorized into online sales, retail pharmacies and hospital pharmacies. Among these, the online sales category is projected to foresee the highest expansion all through the assessment period.
The expansion of the worldwide market for scoliosis management is for the most part determined by the high pervasiveness of the ailment, high implementation rate of braces and progression of technology with GPS devices that could screen the wellbeing of the patient. In addition, expanding requirement for non-obtrusive treatments is projected to drive the scoliosis braces market. The disease happens similarly in both the genders however the level of curve advances 8 times more in females in contrast to guys. On the other hand, the devices must be worn 22– 23 hours every day by the patient so it solidifies their body making aggravation as well as rashes the skin. Additionally, it crushes the chest divider and abdomen and induces breathing issues that could influence the pulmonary functions and oxygen flow.
The worldwide market for scoliosis management is projected to foresee expansion over the figure time frame. In addition, more affordable braces alongside expanding awareness among individuals are a few of the aspects anticipated that would enhance market expansion all over the figure time frame.


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text:
ZMW – Zambian Kwacha
- Overview
This currency is considered to be complex (multiple information to be provided and complex processing).
- Currency Guidelines
Besides the standard information, it is important to note that the domestic account number should be thirteen digits long.
A clear reason / purpose of payment is mandatory and consists of a full written description (in English) of the nature of payment to be provided in the remittance information. For example: providing an invoice number without guiding text is considered as insufficient and can result in errors or delays.
Example: Payment of travel expenses – invoice n° 123456789
The beneficiary's bank sort code is mandatory and should be added to the remittance information, this code is a six digit code which allows the identification of a financial institution.
- Instructions, technical guidelines & more
To consult the Technical Guidelines of this currency, click hereTECHNICAL GUIDELINES
- Additional information
• Available charge options: OUR/SHA/BEN
• Central bank of Zambia: http://www.boz.zm/


text:
5.1: Electric Charge
- Page ID
- 4372
You are certainly familiar with electronic devices that you activate with the click of a switch, from computers to cell phones to television. And you have certainly seen electricity in a flash of lightning during a heavy thunderstorm. But you have also most likely experienced electrical effects in other ways, maybe without realizing that an electric force was involved. Let's take a look at some of these activities and see what we can learn from them about electric charges and forces.
You have probably experienced the phenomenon of static electricity: When you first take clothes out of a dryer, many (not all) of them tend to stick together; for some fabrics, they can be very difficult to separate. Another example occurs if you take a woolen sweater off quickly—you can feel (and hear) the static electricity pulling on your clothes, and perhaps even your hair. If you comb your hair on a dry day and then put the comb close to a thin stream of water coming out of a faucet, you will find that the water stream bends toward (is attracted to) the comb (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)).
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): An electrically charged comb attracts a stream of water from a distance. Note that the water is not touching the comb. (credit: Jane Whitney)
Suppose you bring the comb close to some small strips of paper; the strips of paper are attracted to the comb and even cling to it (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). In the kitchen, quickly pull a length of plastic cling wrap off the roll; it will tend to cling to most any nonmetallic material (such as plastic, glass, or food). If you rub a balloon on a wall for a few seconds, it will stick to the wall. Probably the most annoying effect of static electricity is getting shocked by a doorknob (or a friend) after shuffling your feet on some types of carpeting.
Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): After being used to comb hair, this comb attracts small strips of paper from a distance, without physical contact. Investigation of this behavior helped lead to the concept of the electric force.
Many of these phenomena have been known for centuries. The ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus (624–546 BCE) recorded that when amber (a hard, translucent, fossilized resin from extinct trees) was vigorously rubbed with a piece of fur, a force was created that caused the fur and the amber to be attracted to each other (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). Additionally, he found that the rubbed amber would not only attract the fur, and the fur attract the amber, but they both could affect other (nonmetallic) objects, even if not in contact with those objects (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)).
Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): Borneo amber is mined in Sabah, Malaysia, from shale-sandstone-mudstone veins. When a piece of amber is rubbed with a piece of fur, the amber gains more electrons, giving it a net negative charge. At the same time, the fur, having lost electrons, becomes positively charged. (credit: "Sebakoamber"/Wikimedia Commons)
The English physicist William Gilbert (1544–1603) also studied this attractive force, using various substances. He worked with amber, and, in addition, he experimented with rock crystal and various precious and semi-precious gemstones. He also experimented with several metals. He found that the metals never exhibited this force, whereas the minerals did. Moreover, although an electrified amber rod would attract a piece of fur, it would repel another electrified amber rod; similarly, two electrified pieces of fur would repel each other.
Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): When materials are rubbed together, charges can be separated, particularly if one material has a greater affinity for electrons than another. (a) Both the amber and cloth are originally neutral, with equal positive and negative charges. Only a tiny fraction of the charges are involved, and only a few of them are shown here. (b) When rubbed together, some negative charge is transferred to the amber, leaving the cloth with a net positive charge. (c) When separated, the amber and cloth now have net charges, but the absolute value of the net positive and negative charges will be equal.
This suggested there were two types of an electric property; this property eventually came to be called electric charge. The difference between the two types of electric charge is in the directions of the electric forces that each type of charge causes: These forces are repulsive when the same type of charge exists on two interacting objects and attractive when the charges are of opposite types. The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), after the French physicist Charles Augustine de Coulomb (1736–1806).
The most peculiar aspect of this new force is that it does not require physical contact between the two objects in order to cause an acceleration. This is an example of a so-called "long-range" force. (Or, as Albert Einstein later phrased it, "action at a distance.") With the exception of gravity, all other forces we have discussed so far act only when the two interacting objects actually touch.
The American physicist and statesman Benjamin Franklin found that he could concentrate charge in a "Leyden jar," which was essentially a glass jar with two sheets of metal foil, one inside and one outside, with the glass between them (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). This created a large electric force between the two foil sheets.
Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): A Leyden jar (an early version of what is now called a capacitor) allowed experimenters to store large amounts of electric charge. Benjamin Franklin used such a jar to demonstrate that lightning behaved exactly like the electricity he got from the equipment in his laboratory.
Franklin pointed out that the observed behavior could be explained by supposing that one of the two types of charge remained motionless, while the other type of charge flowed from one piece of foil to the other. He further suggested that an excess of what he called this "electrical fluid" be called "positive electricity" and the deficiency of it be called "negative electricity." His suggestion, with some minor modifications, is the model we use today. (With the experiments that he was able to do, this was a pure guess; he had no way of actually determining the sign of the moving charge. Unfortunately, he guessed wrong; we now know that the charges that flow are the ones Franklin labeled negative, and the positive charges remain largely motionless. Fortunately, as we'll see, it makes no practical or theoretical difference which choice we make, as long as we stay consistent with our choice.)
Let's list the specific observations that we have of this electric force:
- The force acts without physical contact between the two objects.
- The force can be either attractive or repulsive: If two interacting objects carry the same sign of charge, the force is repulsive; if the charges are of opposite sign, the force is attractive. These interactions are referred to as electrostatic repulsion and electrostatic attraction, respectively.
- Not all objects are affected by this force.
- The magnitude of the force decreases (rapidly) with increasing separation distance between the objects.
To be more precise, we find experimentally that the magnitude of the force decreases as the square of the distance between the two interacting objects increases. Thus, for example, when the distance between two interacting objects is doubled, the force between them decreases to one fourth what it was in the original system. We can also observe that the surroundings of the charged objects affect the magnitude of the force. However, we will explore this issue in a later chapter.
Properties of Electric Charge
In addition to the existence of two types of charge, several other properties of charge have been discovered.
- Charge is quantized. This means that electric charge comes in discrete amounts, and there is a smallest possible amount of charge that an object can have. In the SI system, this smallest amount is \(e \equiv 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, C\). No free particle can have less charge than this, and, therefore, the charge on any object—the charge on all objects—must be an integer multiple of this amount. All macroscopic, charged objects have charge because electrons have either been added or taken away from them, resulting in a net charge.
- The magnitude of the charge is independent of the type. Phrased another way, the smallest possible positive charge (to four significant figures) is \(+1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, C\), and the smallest possible negative charge is \(-1.602 \times 10^{-19}\); these values are exactly equal. This is simply how the laws of physics in our universe turned out.
- Charge is conserved. Charge can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred from place to place, from one object to another. Frequently, we speak of two charges "canceling"; this is verbal shorthand. It means that if two objects that have equal and opposite charges are physically close to each other, then the (oppositely directed) forces they apply on some other charged object cancel, for a net force of zero. It is important that you understand that the charges on the objects by no means disappear, however. The net charge of the universe is constant.
- Charge is conserved in closed systems. In principle, if a negative charge disappeared from your lab bench and reappeared on the Moon, conservation of charge would still hold. However, this never happens. If the total charge you have in your local system on your lab bench is changing, there will be a measurable flow of charge into or out of the system. Again, charges can and do move around, and their effects can and do cancel, but the net charge in your local environment (if closed) is conserved. The last two items are both referred to as the law of conservation of charge.
The Source of Charges: The Structure of the Atom
Once it became clear that all matter was composed of particles that came to be called atoms, it also quickly became clear that the constituents of the atom included both positively charged particles and negatively charged particles. The next question was, what are the physical properties of those electrically charged particles?
The negatively charged particle was the first one to be discovered. In 1897, the English physicist J. J. Thomson was studying what was then known as cathode rays. Some years before, the English physicist William Crookes had shown that these "rays" were negatively charged, but his experiments were unable to tell any more than that. (The fact that they carried a negative electric charge was strong evidence that these were not rays at all, but particles.) Thomson prepared a pure beam of these particles and sent them through crossed electric and magnetic fields, and adjusted the various field strengths until the net deflection of the beam was zero. With this experiment, he was able to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle. This ratio showed that the mass of the particle was much smaller than that of any other previously known particle—1837 times smaller, in fact. Eventually, this particle came to be called the electron.
Since the atom as a whole is electrically neutral, the next question was to determine how the positive and negative charges are distributed within the atom. Thomson himself imagined that his electrons were embedded within a sort of positively charged paste, smeared out throughout the volume of the atom. However, in 1908, the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford showed that the positive charges of the atom existed within a tiny core—called a nucleus—that took up only a very tiny fraction of the overall volume of the atom, but held over 99% of the mass (see Linear Momentum and Collisions.) In addition, he showed that the negatively charged electrons perpetually orbited about this nucleus, forming a sort of electrically charged cloud that surrounds the nucleus (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Rutherford concluded that the nucleus was constructed of small, massive particles that he named protons.
Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\): This simplified model of a hydrogen atom shows a positively charged nucleus (consisting, in the case of hydrogen, of a single proton), surrounded by an electron "cloud." The charge of the electron cloud is equal (and opposite in sign) to the charge of the nucleus, but the electron does not have a definite location in space; hence, its representation here is as a cloud. Normal macroscopic amounts of matter contain immense numbers of atoms and molecules, and, hence, even greater numbers of individual negative and positive charges.
Since it was known that different atoms have different masses, and that ordinarily atoms are electrically neutral, it was natural to suppose that different atoms have different numbers of protons in their nucleus, with an equal number of negatively charged electrons orbiting about the positively charged nucleus, thus making the atoms overall electrically neutral. However, it was soon discovered that although the lightest atom, hydrogen, did indeed have a single proton as its nucleus, the next heaviest atom—helium—has twice the number of protons (two), but four times the mass of hydrogen.
This mystery was resolved in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, with the discovery of the neutron. The neutron is, essentially, an electrically neutral twin of the proton, with no electric charge, but (nearly) identical mass to the proton. The helium nucleus therefore has two neutrons along with its two protons. (Later experiments were to show that although the neutron is electrically neutral overall, it does have an internal charge structure. Furthermore, although the masses of the neutron and the proton are nearly equal, they aren't exactly equal: The neutron's mass is very slightly larger than the mass of the proton. That slight mass excess turned out to be of great importance. That, however, is a story that will have to wait until our study of modern physics in Nuclear Physics.)
Thus, in 1932, the picture of the atom was of a small, massive nucleus constructed of a combination of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a collection of electrons whose combined motion formed a sort of negatively charged "cloud" around the nucleus (Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\)). In an electrically neutral atom, the total negative charge of the collection of electrons is equal to the total positive charge in the nucleus. The very low-mass electrons can be more or less easily removed or added to an atom, changing the net charge on the atom (though without changing its type). An atom that has had the charge altered in this way is called an ion. Positive ions have had electrons removed, whereas negative ions have had excess electrons added. We also use this term to describe molecules that are not electrically neutral.
Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): The nucleus of a carbon atom is composed of six protons and six neutrons. As in hydrogen, the surrounding six electrons do not have definite locations and so can be considered to be a sort of cloud surrounding the nucleus.
The story of the atom does not stop there, however. In the latter part of the twentieth century, many more subatomic particles were discovered in the nucleus of the atom: pions, neutrinos, and quarks, among others. With the exception of the photon, none of these particles are directly relevant to the study of electromagnetism, so we defer further discussion of them until the chapter on particle physics.
A Note on Terminology
As noted previously, electric charge is a property that an object can have. This is similar to how an object can have a property that we call mass, a property that we call density, a property that we call temperature, and so on. Technically, we should always say something like, "Suppose we have a particle that carries a charge of \(\mu C\)." However, it is very common to say instead, "Suppose we have a \(\mu C\) charge." Similarly, we often say something like, "Six charges are located at the vertices of a regular hexagon." A charge is not a particle; rather, it is a property of a particle. Nevertheless, this terminology is extremely common (and is frequently used in this book, as it is everywhere else). So, keep in the back of your mind what we really mean when we refer to a "charge."
Paul Peter Urone (Professor Emeritus at California State University, Sacramento) and Roger Hinrichs (State University of New York, College at Oswego) with Contributing Authors: Kim Dirks (University of Auckland) and Manjula Sharma (University of Sydney). This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0).


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The Preparing Future Faculty Program will be developed by Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC) to train Ph.D. candidates in biomedical research and in educational methodology, to prepare them for future careers as academic scientist and educators. Recruitment of trainees will be easily accomplished, since nearly all students at UCC are members of groups underrepresented in the sciences (Hispanic and economically disadvantaged)
Preparing Future Faculty Program
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I will add to this as we continue to decide on what our common terms will be. Some terms I just guessed at and am no way attached to to. I just wanted to use something as a place holder.
Optimism Brewing Company : A brewery located in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle , WA where beer is brewed and served.
Beer: One of the Four Greatest Inventions for Mankind, which also include fire, the wheel and the internet. A carbonated beverage made with malted barley or wheat, water and hops and fermented with yeast and may also include other ingredients, such as fruit, spices, sugar, etc. What Optimism Brewing Co. makes and celebrates. Our only focus.
Guests : How we refer to the beer drinkers in our brewery.
Team Member/Worker : The term we use to refer to employees of Optimism Brewing.
Brewhouse : The area of the brewery where the beer is brewed. It is located on the black top floor and behind a gate. The guests are free to watch but are not allowed to enter for safety reasons.
Mill : The machine the crushes grain to prepare it to for brewing. It is located on the roof.
Cain-Vey : An enclosed tubular shaped conveyor belt that moves our grain from the loading dock to the roof and into the mill.
Tap Area : The area inside of the brewery where we sever our beers. Not to be confused with Brewpub, Tap House, Taproom, Sports Bar, or Pub as we are none of these.
Dining Room : The entire common area in which our guests are able to enjoy our beers while in the Brewery
East Wing : The east section of the dining room along E. Union which consists of communal tables and chairs, and a kids area.
West Wing : The west section of our dining area which mainly consists of high top tables and chairs, and standing room for enjoying our beers.
Counter : The long wooden structure that we stand behind to serve our beers. Not to be confused with a bar, which is often found in a brewpub, which again we are not.
Cold Room : The large refrigerated room located behind the Brewhouse. Filled kegs, among other things, are stored here.
Service Cold Room : The smaller refrigerated room behind the counter where kegs and growlers are stored for service.
Drink Rail : The long ledge along the interior of the building where guests are encouraged to set their beers while socializing in the brewery.
Employee Entrance : The door along Broadway Court where all Optimism Brewing employees will come and go. It is is the only door with an exterior keypad or lock. Because why would we want ugly locks on all of our exterior doors?
Employee Lockers : A secure area for employees to store their belongings. Located in the room right in front of the employee entrance.
Employee Break Area : Located someplace. There is a refrigerator, microwave and ADD LATER, for the employees to use.
Loading Dock : The multipurpose outdoor space located along Broadway Court used for deliveries, food trucks, and outdoor seating.
Bay Door : The large garage door the opens up the loading dock to the rest of the building.
Lab : The room located upstairs with the tall narrow window. Beer making magic happens in here.
Sensory Room : The small room located upstairs between the lab and the offices where employees and guests will have the opportunity to enhance and test their sensory abilities.
Office : A room upstairs that overlooks the employee entrance. It's main function is administrative and none too exciting.
Kitchen : A room that other facilities use to cook food. We don't have one of these and never will.
Dishwasher : Located at the east end of the counter. It is primarily used for washing glasses.
Menu Books : Binders located in the dining room that contain menus for the surrounding restaurants. Guests are free to order delivery or bring in outside food.
Barley : A malted grain that gives beer color, flavor and the natural sugars needed for fermentation, among other things. : The name of a friendly English Bulldog that you will see around the brewery from time to time.


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Info: +61 438 300 063
Lina, tougher than stone
Original title: Lina, tvrdja od kamena
Played by: Vesna Stankovic
'Lina, tougher than stone' and a true story about a hard and shattering life of the author's grandmother Lina, from her adolescence, through adulthood, all the way to old age. Through Lina's life story, full of unexpected and life-directed turns, happy and tragic twist of events, we follow not just her personal story but also the historical events that she endured while going through life: the start of the 20th century, 1st and 2nd World Wars, and post-war periods. Although Lina's narrative is full of suffering, tragedy and death, it's also somewhat a glorification of life and vital human power and energy that keeps you going even through roughest challenges, it raises you above, protects you with a weaved matter that is harder than the hardest stone. Through this monodrama, the audience follows Lina and how she transforms from a young girl full of life and happiness into firstly a young adult woman, then into a woman devastated by life tragedies, all the way into a strong, mature personality that wasn't broken by the sufferings, but became stronger and stable with a wealth of life wisdom. The play is symbolic and magnifies iconic strength of life that triumphs above loss and trouble.
The best spice in a different way
Original title: Najbolji je zacin na drugi nacin
Played by: Milan Lane Gutovic
Hilarious comedy play
Cabares Cabarei
Original title: Cabares Cabarei
Played by: Zijah Sokolovic
Zijah A Sokolovic with his outstanding verbal and acting abilities, using master mimes and complete control of his voice, takes the audience from irrepressible laughter to cold abomination, plays with the feelings and opinions of the audience, takes them to the edge of endurance, while twisting the two very important themes - love and death. His mimical, body language and verbal variations on the subject of 'Institution' such as politics and marriage, followed by mocking the morals, marital relationships, political banalities, daily nonsense and reminds us of their existence - it sparks laughter, spontaneous applause, recapturing the essence of the idea and in the end, ovations from the audience that after two hours of non-stop program is wondering how is it possible to maintain such deep acting concentration and condition. It's actually near impossible to explain the work the unquestionable king of monodrama has been delivering over the last 21 years with great success and ardency.
Mixed Marriage
Original title: M(j)esoviti brak
Played by: Dara Dzokic and Mima Karadzic
'Mixed Marriage' is a story about marriage between a Montenegrin man and a Serbian woman, temporarily working in Switzerland, who decide to celebrate their 20th anniversary in a hotel at Lake Constance. The night brings retrieval of memories from the time spent together. They came to a realisation that the situation at the Balkans has impacted their own lives, while on the other hand their sons are influenced by the western trend - one is a skinhead with a girlfriend by the surname of Artukovic, the other a punk who's girlfriend is from Morocco, with brown skin. Dzokic and Karadzic effortlessly carry the dialogue, full of witty replicas, and unavoidably juicy Serbo-Montenegrin vocabulary. Although forced to laugh constantly, the audience finds time to compare with their own lives and circumstances which have voluntarily or not entered their lives.
Smoke of the lace
Original title: Cipkin dim
Played by: Jelena Golubovic and Ivana Jovanovic
Remarkable, provocative and unforgettable erotic confession of a woman's heart. The play intrigued the souls of our community. Subject of discussion and debate. Generally known as 'The Vagina Monologues', it's based on the motives from the novel by Eve Elstner. The adaptation and performance of this piece is sensational and besides Belgrade it is performed in Russia, Canada, Italy and England. The experiences which are in essence erotic are made up of emotions and are in no way vulgar. For some it might be scandalous but very witty, true and open. New, fresh and modern theatre trends. Young and beautiful actresses, representing the new Serbian acting generation.


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Children ages 2 through 6th grade meet in the sanctuary & begin the morning by greeting each other. Then they head downstairs to different classrooms for a variety of activities. The 2 year- olds through 2nd grade students have a music time with our Director of Music Ministries (Carla Metz). The songs are often presented to the congregation for various special occasions. All the students hear or read Bible stories, the familiar and new, to strengthen their belief in God's word and to learn how to put their trust in Him.
Their Christian growth continues to be nurtured with our two year confirmation class for teens in grades seven and eight. High school students are invited to join the Adult Sunday School class.
We also strive to develop in our children an understanding of their responsibility for the world. To do this we have various mission projects throughout the Sunday School year. Some of these projects include making cards and favors for our church's Thanksgiving and Easter baskets, making Christmas gifts for the staff, sending cards to shut-ins, Operation Christmas Child, and Covenant Kids missions. We often combine classes for these projects and have been known to invite the adults to join in our fun!
Sunday School classes meet each Sunday for one hour from 9 am to 10 am (Labor Day through Memorial Day)


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A Multi-Factoral Outlook at Ski Knee Injuries.
What Factors Cause Knee Injuries?
Knee injuries are caused by a combination factors. In some cases an injury is unpreventable and is caused by poor weather, varying snow conditions or a sudden unexpected bump. However, in many situations on the mountain a knee injury can be prevented by the use of proper ski equipment, choosing appropriate ski runs, participating in a proper warm-up/ preventative exercises and skiing with correct mechanics.
Who is at Risk of Injury?
Why is it that some athletes get injured when others do not?
Some people are more susceptible to injuries than others. Ski-related knee tears are influenced by: previous injuries, age, energy/ fatigue levels, ski skill level, gender, hormones, anatomical build and muscular deficiencies.
Athletes identified as having weak hamstrings, excessively powerful quads, poor hip control and weak core muscles are at an increased risk of sustaining a knee injury because they cannot counter many of the forces imposed on the knee. [1] [2] Using incorrect muscles can cause the knee the collapse inwards into a valgus position, collapse outward into varus position or result in an excessive stiff or excessively bent knee when the joint is loaded (images shown below). This improper use of these muscles often creates unsafe jumping, landing and turning mechanics that can lead to ACL injury while skiing.[3] [4]
A Young Female Specific Injury?
Female athletes are 2-8 times more likely to tear their ACL than males.[5] Gender differences in the rates of ACL injury are thought to be because of hormonal, anatomical and neuromuscular reasons. Specifically, the hip and knee alignment, excessively mobile joints, and muscular development potentially contribute to the higher incidence rates of ACL injury among females.[6]
ACL injuries have become more frequent in younger athletes. For instance, researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia noted there has been a 400% increase in ACL injuries for children and adolescents between 1999 and 2011. [7] This increase in injuries has been largely influenced by a greater emphasis on competition and training at a younger age.[8] [9] Sports related ACL injuries increase during adolescence and peak during mid- to late teens for female athletes. A 2012 study found thats female ski racers ages 17-year and 19-year olds had the highest likelihood of ACL injury [10].
Because of this, it is suggested that adolescent female skiers participate in ACL injury prevention exercises.
For many this information is overwhelming and difficult to understand until an injury has happened. The Ski Knee prevention test determines which risk factors an athlete might have and can be used to prescribe corrective exercises before the injury can happen.
Supporting Literature:
- Sell, T. C., & Lephart, S. M. (2012). Neuromuscular differences between men and women In Noyes & Barber-Westin (Ed.), The ACL: Anatomy, biomechanics, mechanism of injury, and the gender disparity. Springer: Heideburg. doi: 10.10071978-3-64232592-2.
- Chappell, J. D., Creighton, R.A., Giuliani, C., Yu, B., & Garrett, W. E. (2007). Kinematics and electromyography of landing prepay ration in vertical stop jump: risks for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35 (2), 235–241.
- Rozzi S. L., Lephart S. M., Gear W. S. & et al. (1999). Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 27 (3), 312–319.
- Alves de Britto, M., Carpes, F.P., Koutras, G., & Pappas, E. (2014). Quadriceps and hamstrings prelanding myoelectric activity during landing from different heights amoung male and females athletes. Journal of Eletromyography and Kinesiology, 24, 508-514.
- Murray, M. M., & Fleming, B. C. (2012). The biology of the normal ACL In M. M. Murray, P. Vavken, & B. C. Fleming (Ed.) The ACL handbook: Knee biology, mechanics, and treatment. Springer- New York.
- Griffin, L. Y., Agel, J., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Dick, R.W., Garrett, W. E., Garrick, J. G., Hewett, T. E., Huston, L.,…Wojtys, E.M. (2000). Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Risk factors and prevention strategies. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 8 (3), 141-150.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2011). Knee injuries on the rise in child and adolescent athletes. Retrieved from http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aappress room/pages/Knee-Injuries-on-the-Rise-in-Child-and-Adolescent-Athletes.aspx
- National Council of Youth Sports. (2008). NCYS report on trends and participation in organized youth sports. Retrieved from http://www.ncys.org/publications/ 2008sports participation-study.php.
- Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., Demaio, D… Yu, B. (2006). Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34 (9), 1512- 1532.
- Raschner, C., Platzer, H-P., Patterson, C., Werner, I., Huber, R., & Hildebrandt, C. (2012). The relationship between ACL injuries and physical fitness in young competitive ski racers: a 10-year longitudinal study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1065-1071. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091050


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The Story of an Egg
The Story of an Egg
Can learning the meaning of a single term actually help change the food system?
David Evans and Alexis Koefoed think so. These poultry farmers explain the real story behind such terms as cage free, free range, and pasture raised so that consumers can make informed decisions when they go to their local supermarket.
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What is art therapy?
Through integrative methods, art therapy engages the mind, body, and spirit in ways that are distinct from verbal articulation alone.
No artistic skill or ability is needed to participate in art therapy.
It's about the process, not the product.
"Art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem." (AATA, 2013) One goal of art therapy is improve well-being and functioning- through the creative process.
Art therapy can be practiced in any mental health setting, school, community center under a trained licensed professional in service of treating a variety of individuals, couples, families, groups of people to effectively support the healing of medical, emotional, educational, developmental, psychological, social, traumatic impairment.
Art can help illuminate your internal world.
When you engage in communicating and engaging in a creative process, both the left and right hemispheres of the brain are stimulated promoting interconnectedness.
Art Therapy helps people resolve conflicts, improve interpersonal skills, manage problematic behaviors, reduce negative stress, and achieve personal insight. Art therapy also provides an opportunity to enjoy the life-affirming pleasures of art making. (AATA, 2013)


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- This event has passed.
Herland curated by Collect:if
5th May, 2017 at 7:00 pm - 10:00 pm£5 – £15.00
May's Herland will be curated and hosted by Collect:if – the GWL based network for Women of Colour creatives.
Herland curated by Collect:if, Friday 5th May, 7pm to 10pm
Collect:if members from across Scotland are collaborating to bring together a truly ground-breaking evening of arts and cutting edge performances by women working across an array of genres. This promises to be a landmark evening when Women of Colour take to the stage, call the shots and showcase some of the best in performance, music, and food, blended with the welcoming, uplifting Herland flavour. Alongside the performances, Fusion Bites and Soul Food Sisters will be providing delicious food and there'll also be a cash bar selling alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
Performers on the night include:
Sim Bajwa, Edinburgh based writer and contributer to Nasty Women
Sister, a collective who explore the experiences and challenges faced by mixed race Scottish women (follow them here and here)
Clan Macondo, a group who promote Latin American and AfroCaribbean culture through music and dance
The talented flautists Diljeet Bhachu and Hannah Lee
Suria Tei (Chiew-Siah Tei), author of 'The Mouse Deer Kingdom' and 'Little Hut of Leaping Fishes'
Nags Kamel, visual artist and filmmaker
MC: Sim Bajwa
Art: Hannah Moitt
Dress code: Cultural dress encouraged. Show us who you are and how you define yourself.
Get here before the performances begin and you can get our horoscope read by Clan Macondo! Everyone is welcome!
Pay it Forward
GWL is always striving to be as open, inclusive and accessible as possible. As we understand the price of the Herland tickets can be a barrier to some women, we are operating a Pay it Forward policy on tickets. These Pay it Forward tickets will go to Women of Colour who would not otherwise be able to attend and will also help us support the event. Please consider contributing to the Pay it Forward fund by selecting Pay it Forward donation/s below. Thank you for your support.
This event is currently sold out. If you would like to be added to the waiting list, please email email@example.com
This event is open to all (18+) and we prefer for tickets to be booked in advance whenever possible. This event costs £15 full price. We offer subsidised places at £10 for students, people on a low income, unemployed or those in receipt of benefit and Friends of GWL. If you are eligible for a subsidised place select the subsidised ticket below, or come in to the Library to book.


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Hugh Holmes, AKA the �Undaunted Professor Harp� will likely remain undaunted for his first appearance at the city�s First Night festivities.
The Boston blues favorite will take the stage from 7-7:45 p.m. today in the gymnasium at the United Congregational Church.
Holmes, 57, has been playing the New England area and beyond for 35 years. Born and raised around Boston, Holmes moved from rock �n� roll to blues during the Boston blues revival in the late 1960s. A super performance by blues harmonica great George �Harmonica� Smith, helped lure him away from drums and into blues harp.
Holmes, who lives in Brockton, said his unique repertoire, which sometimes sounds like Texas blues, is purely derived from roots music, but it can include rock n� roll, or rhythm and blues.
�As long as it�s in the roots vein, I�m happy,� he said.
With a deep singing style full of shouts, whoops, and other wild sounds, his vocals sound a bit like the legendary Muddy Waters, who, in fact is partly responsible for the �professor� moniker, although it was a malapropism.
Holmes met Muddy in the �70s, and got to sit in with his band. Muddy called him up to the stage as �the professional of the harp.� Later, singer and songwriter Solomon Burke gave him the name �Professor Harmonica Holmes.�
The �undaunted� was added by Holmes himself in his staunch refusal to compromise his music, even in the face of fewer and fewer blues and live music fans.
Holmes has performed with some well-known bands throughout the Northeast, including Burke, Luther �Guitar Jr.� Johnson and Pete Best (the �fifth Beatle.�) Holmes also played on NBC�s Today Show.


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Instructor: Kim Pendleton
Monday, July 25 & Wednesday, July 27 6:30–8:30 pm
Lean in, teach in, or shout? Become fluent in today's questions about gender and feminist figures, from Beyoncé to Ruth Bader Ginsberg. Trace the images of sexism in political campaigns ads leading up to today. Learn the basics of gender theory and the history of feminist activism. Know the five most important sites of feminist art and activism in DC. Meet other curious & passionate folks over drinks, debate about the wage gap, Lean In, and what Hillary Clinton's campaign means for women and for Washington, DC.