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Background: Homogeneous PCR methods for genotyping usually require fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. Amplicon melting with the DNA dye LCGreen™ I was recently introduced as a closed-tube method of genotyping that does not require probes or real-time PCR. However, some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could not be completely genotyped without addition of a known genotype, and high-resolution melting techniques were necessary.
Methods: A 3′-blocked, unlabeled oligonucleotide probe and the saturating dye, LCGreen I, were added to standard PCR reagents before amplification. After PCR, the samples were melted at 0.1–0.3 °C/s in high-resolution (HR-1™), high-throughput (LightTyper™), and rapid-cycle, real-time (LightCycler®) instruments, and fluorescence melting curves were recorded.
Results: Derivative melting curves of the probe–target duplexes were characteristic of the genotype under the probe. With synthetic plasmid templates, all SNP base combinations could be genotyped. For human genomic DNA, the technique was demonstrated with mutations associated with cystic fibrosis, including SNPs (G542X, I506V, and F508C) and 3-bp deletions (F508del and I507del).
Conclusions: Genotyping of SNPs and small deletions by melting analysis of an unlabeled probe in the presence of LCGreen I is simple and rapid. Only three unlabeled oligonucleotides (two primers and one probe), a saturating DNA dye, PCR, and a melting instrument are required. The method is closed-tube, does not require fluorescently labeled probes or real-time PCR, and can be completed in <10 min on any instrument capable of monitoring melting curves by fluorescence.
There are many methods to genotype small sequence alterations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most methods first amplify the DNA region of interest by PCR. Analysis of the PCR fragments ranges from simple manual methods, such as restriction enzyme digestion with separation on agarose gels, to complex techniques using a mass spectrometer that can, nevertheless, be automated. Homogeneous methods that do not require any processing after addition of target DNA are attractive because no automation is necessary. Such "closed-tube" techniques usually use fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. Examples include methods based on probe melting (1)(2)(3) and 5′-exonuclease digestion of probes (4). Genotyping by melting analysis is advantageous because multiple alleles can be analyzed with one probe (5), whereas other methods require one probe for each allele. Homogeneous methods are simple, fast (<30 min, including PCR), and prevent the release of PCR products into the environment (6). However, the required design and expense of fluorescently labeled probes are disadvantages.
Homogeneous melting of PCR products in the presence of the DNA dye LCGreen™ I can detect heterozygotes and genotype SNPs (7). Heterozygotes are identified by a change in melting curve shape, and different homozygotes are distinguished by a change in melting temperature (Tm). Unlike other commonly used dyes in real-time PCR, LCGreen I can be used at high concentrations that saturate PCR products without inhibiting amplification. Multiple products with different Tms are easily detected with LCGreen I, whereas higher Tm products are preferentially detected with SYBR® Green I. The bias of SYBR Green I toward higher Tm products has been attributed to redistribution of dye during melting (8) and bias toward GC-rich sequences (9).
A recent study of SNP genotyping with LCGreen I used small amplicons to increase the Tm difference between homozygous genotypes (10). Heterozygotes were easy to identify in all cases. In SNPs in which a G::C base pair was interchanged with an A::T base pair (84% of human SNPs), the Tm difference between homozygous genotypes (∼1 °C) could be distinguished on standard melting instruments. However, in the remaining cases, in which only the base pair orientation changed (A::T to T::A or G::C to C::G), high-resolution melting was necessary to differentiate homozygotes. Furthermore, in one fourth of these cases (4% of human SNPs), addition of a known genotype was necessary.
Genotyping by amplicon melting depends on the specificity of the PCR primers. At least in clinical assays, it is commonly believed that the extra specificity of a probe is necessary. To provide probe specificity without the cost of a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide, we investigated the feasibility of genotyping with unlabeled oligonucleotide probes with use of asymmetric PCR and LCGreen I. The result is a closed-tube, homogeneous method for genotyping without fluorescently labeled probes or allele-specific PCR (11)(12). Either conventional real-time PCR instruments or more economic, dedicated melting instruments can be used. High-resolution analysis is not necessary, and any SNP can be genotyped by use of three unlabeled oligonucleotides in one reaction.
Materials and Methods
dna samples
Engineered plasmids with an A, C, G, or T at a defined position amid 40% GC sequences (13) were kindly provided by Cambrex BioScience Rockland, Inc. (Rockland, ME). Human genomic DNA was obtained from a previous study (14) or from the Coriell Institute for Medical Research. Genomic DNA and plasmids were quantified by A260.
Tm calculations
Duplex Tms were calculated by use of previously described nearest-neighbor thermodynamic models (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and custom software. The best fit for the Mg2+ equivalence (74-fold that of Na+) was obtained by use of a data set of 475 duplexes (23). The amplicon concentration at the end of PCR was set at the limiting primer concentration. The effective concentration of Mg2+ was decreased by the total deoxynucleotide triphosphate concentration, assuming stoichiometric chelation. The effect of Tris+ was assumed equal to Na+, and the Tris+ concentration (20 mmol/L) was calculated from the buffer concentration and pH. Oligonucleotides were obtained from the University of Utah Core facility.
asymmetric pcr
PCR of the engineered plasmids and the genomic samples was performed in 10-μL reaction volumes with 50 mM Tris (pH 8.3), 500 μg/mL bovine serum albumin, 3 mM MgCl2, 200 μM of each deoxynucleotide triphosphate, 0.4 U of Taq Polymerase (Roche Applied Science), 1× LCGreen I (Idaho Technology), 0.5 μM excess primer, 0.5 μM probe, and 0.05 μM limiting primer, unless otherwise stated. In some experiments, SYBR® Green I at a final concentration of 1× (Molecular Probes) replaced LCGreen I. The plasmids were used at 106 copies, and PCR was performed in a LightCycler® for 45 cycles with denaturation at 95 °C (0 s hold), annealing at 55 °C (0 s hold), and extension at 72 °C (10 s hold). Transition rates between temperatures were programmed at 20 °C/s, and fluorescence was acquired at the end of extension. When a plasmid "heterozygote" was amplified, equal amounts of each template (25 ng) were used. The primers (13) were 5′-GATATTTGAAGTCTTTCGGG-3′ (0.05 μM) and 5′-TAAGAGCAACACTATCATAA-3′ (0.5 μM) and amplified a 300-bp product. The variable site was in the center of the PCR product. The longest probe was 30 bases long (5′-GGGGGATTCAATGAATATTTATGACGATTC-P-3′), in which the variable site is underlined and "-P" indicates a 3′ phosphate. Shorter probes from 28 to 14 bases were also used with 1–8 bases removed from each end, all with 3′ phosphates.
For amplification of the cystic fibrosis sequence variants, 50 ng of genomic DNA was initially denatured at 95 °C for 10 s, followed by 45 cycles of 95 °C with a 0 s hold, 52 °C with a 0 s hold, and 72 °C with a 10 s hold. The exon 10 target (201 bp) was amplified with primers 5′-ACTTCTAATGATGATTATGGG-3′ (0.05 μM) and 5′-ACATAGTTTCTTACCTCTTC-3′ (0.5 μM) with probe 5′-TAAAGAAAATATCATCTTTGGTGTTTCCTA-P-3′. The exon 11 target (198 bp) was amplified with primers 5′-TGTGCCTTTCAAATTCAGATTG-3′ (0.05 μM) and 5′-CAGCAAATGCTTGCTAGACC-3′ (0.5 μM). For exon 11, one of two probes was used, 5′-CAATATAGTTCTTXGAGAAGGTGGAATC-P-3′, with X being either G or T.
melting curve acquisition and analysis
Melting analysis was performed on three different instruments. Melting analysis on the LightCycler immediately followed amplification with an additional denaturation at 95 °C with a 0 s hold, cooling at a programmed rate of 20 °C/s to 40 °C with a 0 s hold, and continuous melting curve acquisition during a 0.2 °C/s ramp to 90 °C. A derivative melting curve plot was obtained with use of default settings of the LightCycler software.
For melting analysis on the high-resolution melting instrument (HR-1™; Idaho Technology), the amplified samples were first denatured (95 °C with no hold) and rapidly cooled to 40 °C at 20 °C/s in the LightCycler. The capillary samples were then removed from the LightCycler, placed in the HR-1 instrument, and melted at 0.3 °C/s. The data were then displayed as derivative melting curve plots by the HR-1 analysis software.
Melting analysis on the LightTyper™ (Roche) was performed after modification of the standard instrument to match the optics to the LCGreen I dye. The standard 470 nm excitation light-emitting diodes were replaced with 450 nm light-emitting diodes (Bright-LED Optoelectronics). In addition, the optical filters were changed to a 425–475 excitation filter and a 485 nm long-pass filter (both from Omega Optical). Amplified samples were denatured and cooled in the LightCycler as described above for the HR-1 instrument. The samples were then removed from the LightCycler capillaries by centrifugation, placed in a 384-well microtiter tray, overlaid with 10 μL of mineral oil, and melted at 0.1 °C/s. Data were exported into HR-1 analysis software through a custom interface, and derivative melting curve plots were displayed.
The effect of primer asymmetry on "real-time" PCR (fluorescence monitored each cycle) and on post-PCR melting analysis is shown is shown in Fig. 1⇓ . When the primer concentrations were equal, fluorescence appeared earlier and reached higher plateaus than when one of the primer concentrations was limiting (Fig. 1A⇓ ). Derivative melting plots of PCR products after symmetric amplification showed large peaks characteristic of the double-stranded DNA amplified (24). The peak from double-stranded amplicon decreased when either one of the primer concentrations was limited (Fig. 1B⇓ ). When the two opposite asymmetric amplification products were mixed together after PCR, a large peak from the double-stranded amplicon reappeared (data not shown). When the strand complementary to an oligonucleotide probe was produced in excess, a probe–target duplex peak appeared that could be used for genotyping under the probe sequence.
The peak height of the probe-target signal depended on the concentrations of (a) the probe, (b) the complementary PCR product strand, and (c) the opposite competing PCR strand. The concentrations of the two PCR product strands depended on the degree of asymmetry and the number of temperature cycles after the PCR plateau. We found that 10-fold primer asymmetry with 10 cycles after the plateau was optimal (data not shown), and these conditions were used in the experiments that follow. The peak heights of the PCR product and probe–target signals also depended on their lengths. Long PCR products tended to obscure the probe–target peak, and asymmetric PCR was absolutely necessary. The relative magnitude of the probe–target transition increased as the amplicon length decreased, and PCR products <100 bp did not always require asymmetric amplification.
The effect of probe length on detecting the probe–target duplex is shown in Fig. 2⇓ . Oligonucleotide probes were added before PCR, and melting curves were obtained after amplification. Probes 22–30 bases long (GC content, 27–37%) with no mismatch to the template melted between 60 and 70 °C with distinct peaks on derivative plots. Nearest-neighbor Tm predictions (22) underestimated these Tms by ∼4 °C (range, 56.2–66.6 °C). Although matched probes of 14–20 bases were detectable, the peak heights decreased with probe length. When the probe was mismatched to the template at 1 base near the center, the lowest detectable length was 22 bp (data not shown).
In additional experiments, we assessed the usefulness of probes with extreme GC content (0% and 100%) by use of synthetic oligonucleotide targets. With probes 40 bases long, both 100% AT and 100% GC sequences were detected with Tms of 55 and 91 °C, respectively (derivative plots not shown). The peak height of the 100% GC probe was lower than that of the 100% AT probe, which is at least partly explained by the expected decrease in fluorescence with increasing temperature. When the GC content was 100%, probes as small as 10 bases were easily detected (Tm, 48 °C; derivative plots not shown). Probes 27–30 bases long with 40–60% GC content were routinely used in the remaining experiments, giving Tms between 55 and 70 °C.
Engineered plasmids (14) were used to study all possible SNP base combinations. Four plasmids (identical except for an A, a C, a G, or a T at one position) were either used alone to simulate homozygous genotypes or in binary combinations to construct simulated heterozygotes. When we used an A in a 28mer probe at the variable position, we obtained the derivative melting curves shown in Fig. 3⇓ for all homozygotes and heterozygotes after PCR amplification. All homozygotes melted in a single transition (Fig. 3⇓ , top curve set). The A::T match was most stable, with a Tm of 66.1 °C (predicted, 64.0 °C), with the mismatches A::G (Tm of 63.0 °C; predicted, 62.4 °C), A::A (Tm of 61.9 °C; predicted, 60.7 °C), and A::C (Tm of 61.4 °C; predicted, 60.8 °C) decreasing in order of stability. Heterozygous templates with one allele matched to the probe clearly displayed two peaks (Fig. 3⇓ , middle curve set). The higher temperature peak corresponded to the perfectly matched duplex and the lower temperature peak to a duplex with a 1-base mismatch. Heterozygous templates with neither of the alleles matched to the probe usually produced an apparent broad single transition (Fig. 3⇓ , bottom curve set) with the peaks generally positioned between the relevant two mismatch peaks shown in the middle curve set of Fig. 3⇓ . Probes with a C, G, or T in the probe at the variable position gave similar results (data not shown). When SYBR Green I was used instead of LCGreen I, heterozygotes could not be distinguished from homozygotes (data not shown).
SNP genotyping with unlabeled probes and LCGreen I from genomic DNA is shown in Fig. 4⇓ . After PCR amplification, three different instruments were used to genotype the cystic fibrosis mutation G542X (a G-to-T transversion) with two different probes. The top row in Fig. 4⇓ displays derivative melting curves using a probe matched to the wild type, whereas the bottom row shows the curves obtained with a probe matched to the mutation. In all cases, genotyping was clear, although the resolution decreased in the following order: HR-1 > LightTyper > LightCycler. The predicted Tms (G::C = 65.9 °C, G::A = 61.5 °C, T::A = 64.6 °C, and T::C = 60.1 °C) were 2–3 °C lower than the observed Tms.
Genotyping of mutations around the F508 region of cystic fibrosis is shown in Fig. 5⇓ . In the top row of Fig. 5⇓ , two different SNP heterozygotes (A1648G and T1655G) are compared with the wild type. Although it was easy to distinguish the heterozygotes from the wild type, it was not easy to differentiate the two heterozygotes. The predicted Tms (wild type = 63.2 °C, A1648G = 60.7 °C, and T1655G = 59.6 °C) were 3–4 °C below the observed transitions. Similarly, heterozygous 3-bp deletions (I507del and F508del) were easy to distinguish from homozygous samples but harder to differentiate from each other when a single wild-type probe was used (bottom row).
Melting analysis of unlabeled probes in PCR solutions can be used for homogeneous, closed-tube genotyping. The saturating dye, LCGreen I, is added before asymmetric PCR and monitors the melting transitions of both the PCR product and the probe–target duplexes. The usefulness of LCGreen I for multiplex melting analysis has been described previously and appears to be unique among commonly used real-time DNA dyes, such as SYBR Green I (7).
High-resolution melting analysis of double-stranded PCR products can be used to detect and differentiate heterozygotes (7)(8). Most, but not all, SNPs can be fully genotyped by melting analysis of small amplicons (10). This method, requiring only two primers and a generic DNA dye, is the simplest method of SNP genotyping available. However, in ∼4% of human SNPs, the two different homozygotes cannot be differentiated without addition of a known genotype. In addition, the method is more reliable with high-resolution melting instruments that have only become available recently.
In this report, we present a robust method for genotyping all SNPs and small deletions that does not require high-resolution melting. The ability of unlabeled probes to genotype all possible SNP base combinations was demonstrated by use of engineered plasmids to simulate homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. In addition to the amplicons and sequence variants reported here, we have also genotyped an additional 16 human genomic SNPs in 14 different amplicons with a 100% success rate. For each SNP, only three oligonucleotides are required, two PCR primers and one internal probe that is not covalently labeled with a fluorescent dye or other special functional groups. Melting transitions are monitored in the presence of LCGreen I, a dye originally designed to detect heteroduplexes (7). Multiple genotypes can be identified with a single unlabeled probe, similar to genotyping methods that monitor the melting of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides (1)(2)(3) and in contrast to allele-specific methods, in which one probe is required for each allele (4).
The robustness of asymmetric PCR has recently been questioned (25). The decreased concentration of the limiting primer lowers its Tm compared with the excess primer, a fact that may be overlooked. Indeed, with concentration taken into account, the predicted Tms of the limiting primers used in this study were 2.3–4.9 °C below the Tms of the excess primers. However, when the 5′ ends of the limiting primers were extended so that their Tms were 0.7–1.9 °C above the excess primers and the results from parallel experiments were compared, the probe signal (peak height on derivative plots) did not increase (data not shown). Furthermore, we experienced no difficulties in optimizing asymmetric PCR, perhaps because the asymmetry ratio used was modest (1:10).
Although there are many elegant methods for closed-tube genotyping, the oligonucleotides used are often complex, with multiple fluorescent dyes and/or functional groups (26)(27). For example, in one popular approach, a fluorescent dye, a minor groove binder, and a quencher are all covalently attached to an allele-specific probe (27). In addition, two probes are required to genotype one SNP. In contrast, SNP genotyping with an unlabeled oligonucleotide requires only one probe with no covalent modifications.
If the unlabeled probe is included in the PCR, the 3′ end is blocked to prevent polymerase extension during amplification. We used 3′ phosphorylation, although a 2′,3′-dideoxynucleotide, a 3′-deoxynucleotide, a 3′-3′ linkage, or other nonextendable terminations, such as a 3′-spacer C3 (Glen Research) could be used. Mismatching the last two 3′ bases of the probe can also be used to prevent extension.
The length and Tm of the unlabeled probe can be varied over a wide range. In the present study, melting transitions of oligonucleotides from 10 to 40 bases ranged from 48 to 91 °C. However, the most useful duplex transitions are between 55 and 70 °C. Duplexes with Tms below this range need to be distinguished from increasing background fluorescence. Probe melting above this range may be confused, with primer-dimers often observed around 75–80 °C. The probes used for genotyping in this report were usually 27–30 bases in length. Longer probes interrogate a greater sequence region and have sharper melting transitions than shorter probes. If short probes are desired, locked nucleic acids (28) or minor groove binders (27) could likely be used. Another interesting possibility is to use multiple unlabeled probes in the same PCR, using Tm multiplexing as an alternative to color multiplexing (5).
Predicted probe Tms were lower than actual Tms, consistent with dye stabilization of the duplex. In general, relative stabilities were predicted by nearest-neighbor analysis. Apparent exceptions included the A::A and A::C mismatches in Fig. 3⇑ and the A::C and T::C mismatches in Fig. 5⇑ . Nearest-neighbor parameters may be altered in the presence of DNA-binding dyes and should be applied cautiously. The ability of melting analysis to distinguish multiple sequence alterations is well known, for example, cystic fibrosis F508C and F508del (29). However, all variants may not always be differentiated with a single wild-type probe (30).
SNP genotyping with unlabeled probes and LCGreen I does not require allele-specific PCR or real-time PCR. Only two primers, an unlabeled oligonucleotide probe, and a melting instrument are needed. Reagent costs for genotyping are low because only standard oligonucleotides and a generic dye are needed. Real-time instruments can be used for amplification and melting analysis, although there is no need for monitoring during amplification. For example, amplification and genotyping could be performed on the LightCycler (Figs. 4⇑ and 5⇑ ), although the spectrum of LCGreen I is shifted 20–30 nm to the blue away from standard fluorescein/SYBR Green I optics. Alternatively, any temperature-cycling instrument can be used for PCR with subsequent analysis on a separate instrument dedicated to melting. For example, the LightTyper can be used for high-throughput melting applications using standard 96- or 384-well plates. To better match the spectrum of LCGreen I, we modified the excitation and optics of the LightTyper. High-resolution melting on the HR-1 instrument produced the best melting curve resolution. However, unlike amplicon melting, in which resolution is paramount (7)(8), genotyping with unlabeled probes can be performed without high-resolution melting.
Homogeneous, closed-tube methods for genotyping without separation steps are attractive for their simplicity and containment of amplified products. Genotyping with unlabeled probes is robust and eliminates the need for covalently labeled fluorescent oligonucleotide probes. Combined with rapid cycle amplification (31)(32)(33)(34), unlabeled probes provide a rapid, low-complexity method for genotyping.
We thank Noriko Kusukawa for help with the figures and for reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the University of Utah Research Foundation, the State of Utah Center of Excellence program, and Idaho Technology.
- © 2004 The American Association for Clinical Chemistry


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MOLE MAN (Guy Fiorita, 2017)
Friday, November 10, Cinépolis Chelsea, 260 West Twenty-Third St. at Eighth Ave., 212-691-5519, $19, 7:30
Monday, November 13, IFC Center, 323 Sixth Ave. at West Third St., $12, 12:15
Festival runs November 9-16 (various passes $75-$750)
After appearing on a 2010 episode of the History Channel series American Pickers, Ron Heist gained cult status for the massive structure he had been building in his parents' large backyard in Butler, Pennsylvania, since 1965. The director of that episode, Guy Fiorita, has now made the bittersweet documentary Mole Man, a fascinating look inside the life and times of a unique man. Born in 1950, Ron has been obsessed with building things since he was a child. Now sixty-seven, toothless, and usually wearing a dark hoodie, Ron has constructed twenty-five buildings and twenty-three cellars linked by narrow passageways on his family's property. He built it all by hand and by himself, scavenging items from more than seven hundred abandoned homes and factories, many of which had been left vacant following the closing of the Pullman Standard railcar plant in 1982. He refuses to use nails or mortar or even a level, relying on his own feel and intuition. He gets on his motorcycle, puts on his helmet, and meanders through the woods until he finds these houses, then brings back wood, doors, window frames, cinder blocks, chests, and whatever else he can fit on the back of his bike, as well as balls, plungers, clocks, license plates, and other items he collects. "People shouldn't be as wasteful," he says while showing off some treasures he has just found. Ron was always different, and his father, Chuck, treated him special; but the film's real subject is Ron's prospects: following the recent death of his father, Ron is left with his ninety-year-old mother, Mary, and his future becomes doubtful. The family, including Ron's brother, Tim, and sister, Christine, who love Ron dearly, think that their mother would be better off in a smaller home, and they don't have enough money to maintain the house. Meanwhile, they finally get Ron tested by a therapist to confirm that he has autism — he was previously diagnosed as "mentally challenged," as were many of a lost generation of undiagnosed adults with the condition — and might be eligible for certain health benefits, although they worry about what might happen to Ron if he has to live elsewhere. "His routine, his environment . . . that's his safety zone," Tim says. But when Ron tells three of his friends, Sean Burke, Mike, and his cousin-in-law, John Burkert, that he knows where the Piney Mansion is, they believe they might find more than enough valuable objects, particularly some old, classic cars, to keep Ron living at home, so off into the woods they go, on a rather difficult journey. "To see Ron pulled out of that place, I think, would kill him, plain and simple," John explains. "I just don't think he'd want to live anymore."
Ron is an endearing, eminently likable character. He has a childlike enthusiasm and even somewhat resembles a taller version of the Mole Men from the 1951 Superman film, although that's not where he got his nickname from. "He loves being the Mole Man," Burkert says. Like many people with autism, he has trouble holding conversations unless it's on a subject that interests him, like time, numbers, construction, and scavenging. People naturally are drawn to his love of life and his dedication to his ever-expanding living quarters, although safety issues are a growing concern. Fiorita never exploits Ron, instead celebrating his individuality while also recognizing that Ron's immediate future is at risk. Mole Man is having its world premiere at DOC NYC on November 10 and 13, with Fiorita, producers Cassidy Hartmann and James DeJulio, and some of the film's subjects participating in postscreening Q&As. DOC NYC runs November 9 to 16 at Cinepolis Chelsea, the SVA Theatre, and IFC Center, with more than 150 features and shorts, by such documentarians as Barbara Kopple, Errol Morris, Laura Poitras, and Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady; the films highlight such diverse figures as Eric Clapton, Curtis Sliwa, Lorraine Hansberry, Sammy Davis Jr., and David Bowie in addition to exploring many contemporary sociocultural issues from around the world.
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Yes! While it may not look like much to you, the straps that our office makes to help alleviate your foot pain are doing a lot for you. These strappings (which we call L&M for longitudinal and metatarsal) are providing support and compression to the plantar fascia ligament of the foot. This helps decrease the pull that the ligament has on the heel bone and the support acts like a splint to let your plantar fascia rest. Our doctors recommend that you wear this at any times that you are up and about and we find them to be exceedingly useful for walking around at home when you may not otherwise have the support of shoes available.
-Jocelyn M


text: Buy this $36,995 mountain bike, and get a free Saab! Well, actually it's the other way around. Visually this special edition 9-5 Gary Fisher has unique bumpers, side skirts, 17-inch wheels, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, and a standard roof rack. The $900 Gary Fisher bike-with Shimano components, an aluminum frame, and rock shocks-comes with it.


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It is definitely getting easier these days to obtain Gulf Shores mortgages.
A strong housing market combined with fears that the Federal Reserve would eventually begin tapering its purchases of mortgage bonds helped drive up the cost of a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage from about 3.3 percent in January 2013 to nearly 4.6 percent by September.
Since then, Gulf Shores mortgages have backed off those recent highs, bobbing back and forth between 4.5 percent or so, and, recently, 4.2 percent. This has helped to keep housing affordable for those who want to buy a home. But it did pose the bankers a dilemma: How could they get more people to want to buy homes in the first place, so they could sell more Gulf Shores mortgages?
Answer: Make it easier to apply for those Gulf Shores mortgages.
What Lenders Are Doing to Make Getting Gulf Shores Mortgages Easier
Demanding less money up front to obtain a mortgage is one obvious way to ease more buyers into the housing (and home mortgage) market. Another tool is loosening up lending restrictions.
According to LendingTree, "Average credit scores for borrowers matched with lenders on the LendingTree network have dropped 6 percent year over year." This, says LendingTree, indicates banks being "more willing to consider a wider pool of borrowers."
Company founder and CEO Doug Lebda put it this way: "As the housing market improves and refinance activity declines, lenders are adapting their guidelines to improve credit accessibility for borrowers. Relaxed lending guidelines translates to a larger pool of qualified homebuyers."
Obviously this is great news for those buying Gulf Shores homes and getting Gulf Shores mortgages. With actual mortgage rates now range-bound, it's a bit cheaper to obtain a mortgage today than it was a year ago, and there's also less uncertainty about which way mortgage rates are moving.
Throw in the fact that bankers are less antsy about the risk their loans will ultimately get defaulted on, and it's also a bit easier to get that mortgage loan approved.
Granted, it's developments just like these that sucked America into a financial crisis that nearly destroyed the economy six years ago. But if that's what it takes to get you into a new home — and a new mortgage obligation — apparently, the bankers are willing to risk it.
Stay tuned, we'll keep you updated right here on Gulf Shores mortgages and the trends that either cause the market to make it easier, or more difficult, to get those mortgages in the future. In the meantime, check out our other articles and news affecting Gulf Shores mortgages by clicking on the Gulf Shores Mortgage Info link to your right under Gulf Shores Real Estate Categories.


text: In 2016 Stang collaborated with artist Kim Schoenstadt to present Now Be Here #1, an event that brought together over 900 Los Angeles-based artists identifying as women to be part of a documentary photograph and an intergenerational gathering. The project gathered the artists in one space, created an event with a strong spirit of collaboration, and displayed the diversity of working women artists in Los Angeles. In such a geographically widespread city the resulting photo reminds the viewer of the power in numbers. The energy of the day led to renewed friendships, new relationships and several new collaborative projects. With the success of Now Be Here in Los Angeles the project has since been realized at the Perez Museum in Miami, the Brooklyn Museum and the National Museum of Women in Washington D.C.


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Geologic Services
Geologic Interpretation
Geologic mapping, well location selection and logging, and subsoil investigations are key to delineating your mineral or water resources. Geolex can perform mineral evaluations for mining ventures or conservation easement properties, well siting for residential or industrial water supplies, and structure contour mapping for subsurface drilling programs.
- Geologic mapping and soil classification
- Mineral resource assessment/oil and gas
- Aquifer characterization


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20+ doradca klienta list motywacyjny
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To whom he would like to deal, A few people are supported with. Must know which the company presents on investments. Now a days, lots of companies demand alongside your CV for the LinkedIn profile.
Taking career decisions inside the way is essential for many us. The work responsibility would be to purchase by assessing the technical specs of their goods and approve the products to the company. It's hard for you to proceed and chat just about every prospective employer about how you are ideal to get a certain position up. In order to get any job, you must first prepare your restart. Business director job is an alternative job regarding company administration. Remember, in case you believe you are qualified for the career.
Resumes should be more updated and shouldn't be dismissed. The demand for resume usually occurs whenever you start your job searching, or you would love to modify work or you also encounter work establishing fitting your capabilities and work experience. There will be quite a selection of applicants for each job your own resume must make that first impression that the companies couldn't resist and supply you with a telephone for meeting. Resumes are the cool hard facts about qualifications and your own experience that need to be reviewed to determine your own candidacy. The expert resumes share various faculties. Resumes try making use of bullet points , which is an error.
Make sure you personalize each coverletter to fit the project. Cover letters will be now the one most essential part of one's resume. A well-intentioned cover letter will raise your chances of having an interview with a business.
If you discover the about few methods for resume prep there is a fantastic probability that you will land with a job and also the meeting call which you've been trying to find. Resume preparation isn't a complicated undertaking but to generate an interesting resume requires that a preparation that is properly though out. In your resume preparation you have to be certain highlighting your abilities and skills or job experience to fulfill the necessity of this specific occupation prerequisites, make proper preparation.
By doing exactly what a company is hunting for and will do, you can refrain from sending resumes that you're not capable to do. Companies utilize web for an instrument in the event that you're looking for future personnel. Today's job market is aggressive, and you will need to put yourself aside from the countless, a number of resumes. Enable the employer know you're be an important asset to the corporation. Prime real estate" would be the very best 1 / 2 the page.
Compose a description you've done with them. Always find more information on the subject of the company which you are employing to and make certain that the form is some thing you want to know about. You may possibly also share what you do on your own project if you are a fiscal advisor. Verify the reader knows the exact job for. You ought to be more specific regarding ways to manage the task. Conclusion whenever you are currently seeking the stock agent occupation, or are contemplating a livelihood in that area, it's going be crucial to have a whole notion of this work description for the project. Criminal Justice Jobs what's needed of the job will be determined by the locale of knowledge.
Wanting to obtain employment is a thing todo. That a project is listed by an employer since there is an unmet requirement. Stress your managerial strengths In case she or he is on the lookout for a manager and also avoid set. So that you must make certain your email address is currently working, some companies decide to become intouch beside you by electronic mail. Highlight what you certainly can do for the employer.
There are tons of an individual applying for the various chances As you are able to see right now. Becoming able place to work in at which you're being in a position to obtain an internship at an area that you need to traveling can be desirable. Finding out how to compose a resume cover letter is acutely easy, regardless of what the occupation which you are applying for.
The understanding of regulation is crucial to be employed as a paralegal. At an analyst's event, make sure lack of experience will not work contrary to you and highlight your knowledge that'll function being an asset. To allow you produce one's resume's work experience component, the sample job description aforementioned contains the right details about the obligations of a stock broker that you can embrace. You also ought to talk about your professional knowledge. Based on the sort of project profile, the relevant knowledge needs to be comprised in order the restart can grab employers' attention. You will have the ability after you have any, to highlight your work experience. Computer knowledge is considered necessary to get enter over the field of stockA brookingA persons who wish to be a stock broker has to possess a permit.
The accounting qualities comprise the advantages you possess from the sphere of bookkeeping industries and also other qualities which may add a few worth. A restart is not hard to draw the interest. Financial advisors are specialists liable for managing client finances in order to help achieve short-term financial objectives and very long term.
Your resume should demonstrate the significance you may bring into job or your specific business, not merely reiterate your own accomplishments. Companies search for people using ideas, inspiration and the potential to develop together and at the organization, Even though resumes do play part in landing your fantasy career. In a bookkeeping resume employers are keen to comprehend just how much you have realized and also the length of time you are in the business.
Accounting is important portion of any small business enterprise. It resumes should be assembled in a way that the material and the objective helps you obtain the job in the specialty. You will be assisted by accounting resume templates that are employing in a great deal of ways. So as soon as you really go looking for sample resume cover letter and an accounting restart, remember that there are different people that are likely on the market doing exactly the the same thing. Though you are writing an accounting resume, produce it with an advertising flare. Generally speaking, people and accounting really are various elements of precisely the exact same field.
Every company is searching for a particular set of expertise and skills from job-seekers that fit the skills essential to do a specific job. So the employer would unable to differentiate kinds resume by your others and though the task offender might be gifted he could not obtain the position. Call your employer potential to allow them to understand what is occurring when a meeting beyond your control flaws you. Employers aren't hoping you to get knowledge because a internship is broadly speaking that the experience pupils have within their area. Utilise lots of anatomical info you are able to persuade special company to them.
Once youhunting or're interviewing for an internship, then be sure you love spending more time for. Just make certain you select . Getting the first internship is difficult. Internships are valuable because they provide industry expertise. According to the short article, they are a wonderful means to determine in the event that you actually enjoy the area you will be working in with out committing. You might also mention training and any internships done In the event you are a fresher.
Private accountants' comprehension might be restricted by the work they're accountable for. You are going to get encounter and wisdom when enhancing or developing the relevant skills required for HR experts and alternative organizational leaders. My comprehension of the plastic company is slender. Since you learn abilities and make practical encounter from inch occupation, you will be able to translate that experience to another location before you operate your way up to this perfect bookkeeping occupation. In case of bookkeeping, one ought to mention their skills that are associated with the ones mentioned at the company's conditions list from the work description in many types. At the second paragraph, then you must cite. Various undertakings that are specialist are readily supported by abilities and also in depth comprehension.
An college student's resume is so vitally crucial. College students call for understanding and an appropriate level of language. You will require accounting announcement if you are a bookkeeping university student. A great deal of the students sense worried out in their fight to comprehend what's being educated and obtain levels that are superior in every subject that is single. Wise persons feel college is a move that is really superior , money-wise, especially within the case you simply get financial aid and study STEM.
RESUME variations you can find a lot of styles of resumes together with variations. Putting a few your hobbies onto your resume or at your own cover letter could be. Ostensibly, resume writing is a artwork and only several the applicants are able to pull off it. Even though , it appears quite hard to produce bookkeeping resumes for the exact first time however, it's possible to allow it to become all simple.
Some individuals compose their resume a manner they're impatiently searching for your job. Most commonly, so as to get work in accounting you will need to get the the most proper level. Job in bookkeeping necessitates skills based upon the sector that is desired. Job objective it's undoubtedly the most important portion of one's own resume. As in the instruction section needs to function as the initial person which you cite. Someone ought to own a powerful and strong resume that will enable you to obtain a project of your selection.
You will be clearly provided an advantage by Recognizing just how to tailor your resume. You might want to deliver out many resumes to obtain an interview before you locate the proper location and also proceed on a variety of interviews. Hence your resume has got to maintain able to rapidly and efficiently talk the advice into the interviewer within a glimpse that was speedy. Our consumer service manuals are designated to a single component of the customer care position's area. Producing a resume for employment at the art industry might be challenging. Specialist Resume Example 20 17 A professional resume example is the ideal information in filling out an application for work as it really is concentrated predicated on your own requirements and wishes per market.
It's mandatory that you offer equally to keep up steadily to continue to keep your customers return . After you pay attention carefully to your customer you will be supplied by them with clues regarding what it is you're in a position to do so as to go the mile. They won't only be inclined to shift suppliers if clients feel good about the product and your company or goods it offers and they will soon be more prone to improve the quantity of organization they do together with you personally. As stated by problems and the demands of the clients, it needs to be elastic.
By starting to end, every thing needs to be easy and gratifying for each among your own customers. It's vital to encourage their own suggestions to be presented by the customers. It really is somewhat egocentric to assume that your customer has got the same wishes and wants that you just simply do. You ought to listen to the client. An purchaser will understand that you're perhaps not great. Include lots of those ways you've got coped with clients earlier.
Customer-service is easily one of the principal aspects of almost any venture. 1 other determination when outsourcing the customerservice will be to pick the location that can be of overseas or in the exact same nation. At any moment make sure each of the elements are included in proper purchase. The customer service restart needs to to be made to suit the region. Customer support is not just replying the enquiries of the customers.
If you worked in customer support, you are aware it is a project that may possibly perhaps not be glamorous, but however is totally crucial. Needs to be familiar with exactly what the companies wish to get when building a customerservice resume one. Now customer services have turned in an vitally crucial factor in business. It ingests a number of tasks. Some customer service restart samples have been offered about the internet, and they could have the ability to furnish helpful tips regarding inclusions, however they might not have the optimal arrangement. Our customer service resume illustrations are able to help you target your resume want to know more about. A excellent sample customer service restart will probably comprise many suitable terms and phrases that will contain phrases like efficacy, client retention, procedures or customer satisfaction, dependent on the project.
If you have undergone people speaking actions it's advisable if you are planning to add it in a portion of one's resume. Resumes are required by types of work at the food service industry having lots of the knowledge. Transportation jobs demand a great deal of responsibility and your resume will want to signify you are able to manage this. Working within the discipline of consumer assistance is one of the toughest tasks within the enterprise. Getting to hear to clients' concerns and also doing your best to resolve their problems would be the main aspect which you are able to create around on your resume. When youare looking for a wonderful job opportunity and're a graduate, then you necessitate an best CV describing all your present abilities, qualifications and also the other matters that causes you to suitable for practically any endeavor.
Fully being a customer care representative is all about good communicating. In fact, he chooses on quite a few definitions and meanings. Being is not just about staying relegated into call centres. Use In the event you are browsing for a standing in consumer assistance, whether it truly is face-to-face or at a telephone center. You should be sure to record any prior customer service positions you have stored. You will find lots of customer service rankings out there. If you're managing a multi-cultural customer base, learn whatever you can about the practices to greet and welcome them.
An essential step towards it's producing a proposal. The project proposal is actually a considerable part of the job direction training since it's among one of those ways of this job cycle. You will not take a place to compose a job proposal that is competent for those who have no desktop facts, to uncover funding from federal government grant programs.
A suggestion outlining the particulars of the goal project will be requested by others. Keep in mind which you are totally free to select just how to write a grant proposition. Typically, certain collection elements are contained by a grant proposition. Preparing it will take a fantastic deal of study and must consist of detailed information regarding your job objectives. If you are in possession of a thriving source proposition you would like to talk with us (which could possibly be submitted anonymously along with also with IU password protection), make sure you let's now!
The proposal provides insight regarding those sorts of evaluations which are currently going to be used to evaluate the significance of the information and certainly defines factors to be compared. So it is very simple to read format the suggestion. It might become useful to write the proposal dependent on the guidelines that suggestions need. Like creating a analysis paper, exploration suggestions have been by and large coordinated the very same way during most social science areas. Should you choosen't send it to the associations even in case you've got the study proposal in the planet, then you are unlikely to find funding.
A great deal of people assume they are able to compose a suggestion in a couple weeks. Grant proposals require a few alterations until they get rewarding. Usually , they are done to get support. Writing a grant proposal is simply the very first move in winning a great standing. It is really a call for act. Grant suggestions should own a resume cover letter that could outline all the info along with intention. Reviewing grant proposals that are prosperous are able to allow you to decide the things that are important to emphasize on your own grant and can assist you to learn what it takes to compose a prosperous grant proposal.
Even the suggestion you create really isn't the proposal that is typical, you are going to probably take a whole lot of the information which will make up the whole suggestion, in a abbreviated form. Not many give suggestions need a test program. Give proposals that are strong require a little while to grow.
Proposals should be having a exact clear aim, rather than encourage for both pursuits that are ongoing for endeavors. Suggestions should be provided about 3 months before the due date. A literature review is expected by proposals. You are discouraged from this if you don't discussed the concept and been requested to publish a proposal that doesn't squeeze to a solicitation, Although you can submit proposals. You may proceed on to the suggestion, As it's. Sending exactly the same proposal to 100 funders will bring about failure.
An award is still an instrument non profits utilize to manage crucial issues in their communities. Well, bear at heart it is really just a gift which can be awarded company as well as by any man. By way of example, if it supports interdisciplinary endeavors, I ship examples of a wide range of disciplines. Grants may discount that a comprehensive application to get a mistake. A license is an quantity of dollars granted for a specific goal or job that does not have to be paid back with a govt service or private organization. Grants are an exemplary way to carry your own trip. Follow the guidelines to your grant that is particular you're looking for.
You need to analyze the assortments of grants, the requirements and also at the event this grant's number would be sufficient to restore your company's problems. Basically, grants don't need the receiver to pay for straight back anything . If you get the grant, congratulations! Otherwise, you may perhaps not have gotten the grant due to of this jurors' style. The measure calls for re searching grant's form that the firm should succeed.
Grants may be even tougher to purchase and tough to locate. Grant is the entire quantity of funds or finance which is granted to a entity or a person that does not require a revival. A grant that is thriving is that the effect of the blend of an exceptional proposal, a thorough research and also a funding resource that is past-due.
The templates are extended in quite a few formats and versions of PDFs and MSWord to create certain the message gets delivered in the suitable way. The grant proposition template isn't a template. You are able to get into source suggestion templates from any web reference that is dependable. Financial Templates You may potentially be requested to work with at least certainly one of these templates under to submit information.
Aid your customer see your proposal for each one with a variety of companies, a set of methods and bills. Whether you're writing the proposition for an executive order to symbolize your organization, you need to discover your intended audience and customise the suggestion to handle your own requirements. Each suggestion needs to be composed with all the customer in mind. A business suggestion is your one which is useful for initiating company with all the customers. Theevent suggestion is a critical feature of the event planning procedure, it is the the design that you can set for the event that makes it possible for one to create towards and around a transparent objective or notion of what you wish to reach and the manner in which you want to know more about acquiring the big event suggestion to go. Make certain you acquire yourself a plainly cited proposal to your site style work.
The proposition needs to give a comprehensive overview of services and one's thinking generation, together using the price tag, and necessities of their occasions. Proposals attempt to win across the customer that is feasible by identifying the matter and supplying a exact clear remedy into dilemma or the matter. There is A speaker suggestionn't a file. A event suggestion enables your organization to pitch terms and its own suggestions regarding an upcoming function in a way that is defined and comprehensible. It may be used for variety of unique events which needs sponsorship and funds of some other company or company organization within its implementation. A well-written event suggestion will permit you to discover all benefits that are expected, which is important for the achievement of your own event. A well drafted sample function suggestion may enable the eventplanner to deal with the big event with efficiency.
To get an airline sponsorship you have to submit a proposal outlining your sort of function, needs and any other information needed from the air line you are contacting. Whatever it's that you're hunting for, when you have to do using the big event suggestion you are ready to believe it is only! Event proposal should demonstrate. Construction event suggestions might sometimes feel like effort which they are value.
Be careful how. A event suggestion ought to be reprinted together with the size and need for their function with all particulars in keeping. Writing a conference proposal is your absolute best and proficient means to procure funds or licenses that you are likely to organize the suggestion with info along with important specifics. A good event suggestion is driven with the distinguishers of your business.
Proposals should be well written , thoroughly explored the purchaser can picture what it is that you're considering and furnish the details. An event proposal is just really a normal kind of proposal utilized for individual or business goals. The event proposal should be written with an extensive outline of your targets according to the type of event.
its own centers this event's venue along with also the place also needs to be an important thing of consideration. It is likely to soon be handy to describe identifying kinds of occasions appropriate for your own goals. The marketing events can allow one to progress the aims of their company for anyone sales advertising.
Sample of Business Plan is useful for beginners to grasp which sort of your file is likely from these to earn funds. If you're using an event proposition sample that is appropriate creating a event proposal is likely to soon be a ton easier than ever before. Mastering the art of earning an exemplary event suggestion sample will make you be a frontrunner in case preparation contest.
The template includes questions and all of the details which are needed to be answered in order to arrange a purpose. It integrates a few very important queries , a fast checklist, and a job functions and duties sheet to make sure everything becomes completed within just its pre-defined timeframe. Ultimately the sample templates should be customized depending on the needs you have and then employed in sequence it seems to have now been made to get a fresh new written merchandise or service. The principal reason behind employing sample suggestion template will be to obtain a thought in regards to the best way to start the custom of providing a fantastic offer that offers you a chance endorsement by the potential.
The template may serve as a principle for you personally by presenting the layout. It will let you look for a professional looking template. It has a great deal of issues, segments, and sections that one needs to fill out in order to plan, manage and carry out a thriving music function. The next sort of catering occasions events which should be conducted according certain template. These templates insure every part regarding the event. The template that is aforementioned offered is example of high-quality therefore much as forms are all involved.


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Nostalgia, DVDs, old movies, television, OTR, fandom, good news and bad, picks, pans,
cute budgie stories, cute terrier stories, and anything else I can think of.
Contact me at theyoungfamily (at) earthlink (dot) net
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» Saturday, December 16, 2017We Should Live in Upson Downs
Today was a crazy mixture of good and strange.
James and I had to be up early to get to Hair Day. We weren't going to be able to stay for lunch because he had to be at his club Christmas party today. Well, we did a stupid. James took his blood sugar, took his insulin, we fed the dog, we fed the bird, but we didn't feed either of us. So no sooner did he get his hair cut than his blood sugar crashed. I had to feed him two of the chocolates we brought and a can of Coca-Cola before he even got as high as 67. Plus on the way to Ron and Lin's he had barked his knuckles on his keys, and his skin is very sensitive on his hands since his first heart attack, so a tiny little spot kept bleeding. By the time we got home, he was back "on line" so to speak, but he ate a burrito and took his blood pressure to make sure it was okay, and I cleaned up the cut and rebandaged it, so he went off to the party as scheduled.
I was planning to go out to Betsy's Hallmark at East Cobb, but all the traffic was so bad that I just got exasperated and quit. Instead I drove to downtown Marietta, found a parking space in the square after two orbits, and wandered around for a bit. I went into The Corner Shop and bought a Terry's dark chocolate orange (there are other sliced chocolate oranges, but Terry's are the best) and some mint sauce for the next time we have lamb. Then I picked up my favorite Zesty Italian pretzels in The Local Exchange. On a whim, looking for sugar-free taffy for James, I went into the candy store, and was delighted to find Mint Juleps! These are squares of mint taffy that I remember buying from the penny candy counter at Tom's Superette when I was in the single digits. The Vermont Country Store used to sell them, then quit, and I couldn't find them online, so I thought they'd quit making them. Looks like Necco makes them now. I got a whole bag, which should last for months.
Finally I did a Christmas stroll around DuPre's antiques. I sadly noticed that they have removed the old receipts and waybills and price lists from around one of the doors, from when DuPre's was a hardware store. At Christmas they always pull out antique Christmas items or put little trees up in the different antique dealers' bays, and the decorations make me smile. Someone had crocheted bunnies for sale that looked just like Elizabeth's stuffed rabbit in The Bestest Present.
Then back to the car, which needed gas. I filled up at Kroger and since I was there, stopped for milk and sodium-free mushrooms, but they were out of the latter. They had a sale on pork loin roasts, $2/pound, so I got one.
Finally home. Yesterday at Publix I had found a little $2 package of pork rib tips. I cooked them in olive oil and basted them in Sweet Georgia Brown barbecue sauce and a little bourbon pineapple sauce. They were quite good and I put two aside. Then I felt like watching the Winona Ryder version of Little Women and that's what I was doing when James came home from his party, having had a good time and made out well at the "Dirty Santa" (gift exchange) game.
When the movie was over, we went out to MicroCenter and bought James a new computer. He looked at a Dell, but in the end he got one like mine, except his has a separate video card. Since he does game occasionally this works better for him. We got the computer home and cleaned out under the desk where the CPU sits, discarding a couple of old devices and putting a new network cable on it (the other was too short and kept pulling the router over backwards). James got into it quickly, but then the internet connection slowed to a crawl for no reason I can tell. This is like the third hour it's been updating, and it's only 89 percent. I've rebooted the modem twice and it speeds up and then immediately slows down again. We really need to install the new unit, but James wanted to wait after we got his computer up and running. It's getting old fast.
Then we tried to watch Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon off the DVR. Well, the satellite box has gone crazy. We'd watch about a minute of the show and then the DVR, on its own, would change the channel to 0 and we'd get ABC and that awful I Want a Dog for Christmas, Charlie Brown was on to add insult to injury. I unplugged the unit and it didn't seem to make any difference, but it straightened out after I pressed the reset button. Well, at least for a while. We got to watch both shows, and the minute I deleted Young Sheldon the "0" thing started happening again. At first I though it was the remote getting stuck, but the box turned itself off and on when I started to change the batteries and the remote was empty! Dammit, the DVR still has a bunch of stuff on it I want to watch, movies I recorded when they had free HBO and Showtime weekends. I hope we don't have to replace it.
Labels: Christmas, computers, food, friends, shopping, television, traffic


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Yeshua in Context » General » Back from Sukkot
Back from Sukkot
Blogging will soon commence again here at YeshuaInContext.com. I have been enjoying a season of High Holidays and Sukkot. But "normal" is returning and I'm back to exploring the life and message of Yeshua with renewed fervor.
Filed under: General


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Macquarie Sports enhances the fitness and wellbeing of young people through sporting clinics and associated programs.
Macquarie Group Foundation
The Macquarie Group Foundation is the philanthropic arm of Macquarie Group and provides support to hundreds of community organisations globally each year through financial support, volunteering and skills sharing.Learn more Our approach to Social Innovation
Our latest community news
Stay up to date with the latest news on how Macquarie staff and the Foundation are helping to strengthen communities.
Expertise Articles
Skills sharing
Wings of Hope in a time of need
When James Baudzus from Macquarie's Financial Management Group in Sydney was looking to volunteer his time for a cause that resonated with him a few years ago, he encountered Wings of Hope, a charity which helps people bereaved by suicide.
Fighting hunger one rescued meal at a time
When Julia Hilbert and Kanya Po from Macquarie's Commodities and Global Markets Division encouraged the New York office to participate in City Harvest's Skip Lunch Fight Hunger (SLFH) campaign, the request was simple – will you walk a day in someone else's shoes and skip a meal?
Fitness and fundraising: the perfect pair
Staff in the Macquarie Hong Kong office are volunteering and fundraising in different ways to address an issue many employees feel passionate about – modern slavery.
Results, action, impact on cancer charity
The work that Craig Rowland and the Business Improvement and Strategy (BIS) team do at Macquarie to help people increase their effectiveness has also been valuable for the Children's Cancer Institute of Australia, a charity working to help cure childhood cancer.
Hot chocolate run helps sick kids
Kishor Daga has raised around $1,500, including Macquarie Group Foundation matching, for Ronald McDonald House through the Hot Chocolate run.
Driven to raise money for girls' home
Two Macquarie employees in Mumbai, Alex Johnson and Rohit Shah, recognised that investing in a new car could help save the orphanage a large amount of money each month in fuel and repair, and free up resources for the 30 girls who live there.
Structured mentoring sees students succeeding
Compared to typical business mentoring expectations around 'introducing students to the world of work', the young women who senior Macquarie London employee Pilar Gonzalez is mentoring have enjoyed a slightly different experience.
Applications open for Macquarie's $100,000 Social Innovation Award
The Macquarie Group Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Macquarie Group, is inviting nominations for the 2017 Macquarie Social Innovation Award.
CLinked collaboration improves compliance
An initial three-month project to help an anti-trafficking charity set a sustainable growth path grew into a longer volunteering effort for Macquarie's Michael Tan, whose work normally centres on corporate reporting and business analysis in Singapore.


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A recently-released email from the developer behind Museum Square has shed light on the project's anticipated timeline and specific parking commitments made to local business owners.
AutomotiveBridalBusiness And CareersCommunity CaresEducationEspanolFamily LivingFashion, Beauty & FitnessFood, Recipes & EntertainingGift IdeasGreen LivingHealth & WellnessHome DecoratingHome ImprovementHot TopicsHow ToKitchen, Bed & BathLawn & GardenMoney & FinancePetsReal EstateSeasonalSenior LivingTech Talk & InnovationTravel
In Case You Missed It...
A former Scottsdale councilman is pushing the city to institute a mural policy following a battle between a downtown property owner and artists over a mural depicting the late Sen. John McCain.
After debuting in Scottsdale last year, electric scooters continue to divide the community and pose a significant health risk to riders, according to data tracked by a local hospital.
The popularity of Airbnb, VRBO and similar platforms in Scottsdale has not just been a boon for homeowners looking to make extra money; it has also spawned an industry in which real estate investors purchase homes and condos solely to use as short-term rentals.


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Of the full people who leave their jobs, nearly 38 p.c cite not with the ability to work the best way they wish to, or the fixed nagging of their boss as the first motive. For that motive, most lenders require a enterprise to have been operating for a specific period of time or to be bringing in a minimum quantity of income earlier than they're keen to fund a loan for the enterprise. Some drawbacks of Wells Fargo are that it could take a long time to get a response and it can be very tough to qualify for a mortgage if you don't have pristine credit or a long company monitor report. Texas is always breaking information, going locations and welcoming new corporations and jobs to our nice state. These loans have both fixed and variable interest rates for you to choose from.
Jobs four Texas , or J4T, is an innovative program designed to increase small companies' access to capital and enable personal entrepreneurs to make market-driven selections to develop jobs. You will likely need to put some form of collateral down for the loan with a view to get a greater rate of interest reminiscent of your own home or enterprise belongings. Online lenders and credit unions are higher sources for loans to start out-ups than traditional banks since they're extra more likely to have flexible skills and supply smaller mortgage amounts. They lend cash by connecting buyers wanting to purchase loans to qualified small businesses.
Whether you've gotten CCJ, IVA, arrear, default, bankruptcy or late payment downside, it won't hinder you in availing a low credit score small business loan. The partnership agreement drawn up with the participation of a lawyer and is meant to point the enterprise environment and shield the rights of the partners within the event of a disagreement or liquidation of the partnership. The borrowing amount and interest rate range for his or her line of credit is similar, but while you take cash out of the road of credit it must be repaid in as much as 25 months. They join people or companies who're in search of loans with buyers who're prepared to fund their loans.
Their requirements are more flexible than traditional banks with a minimal credit score score of 600 and a requirement that you simply present collateral on loans provided that you borrow over $100,000. It helps walk you thru how one can start a enterprise, entry funding, grow your small business, discover opportunities, and do enterprise with government businesses. While OnDeck doesn't have pre-cost charges, their payment scheme means that there is little profit to debtors once they repay their loans early.
Common kinds of enterprise loans include loans for real estate, loans for firm tools and loans for the vehicles you use to carry out firm services and actions. In order to borrow cash from OnDeck, you will need to personally guarantee the mortgage and your credit needs to be not less than between 500 and 600 – though most OnDeck debtors have credit scores above 660. These loans are sometimes secured and begin at minimums of $25,000 or $50,000 relying on the kind of mortgage.


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Wow, this is my first real blog. I'm so excited to share my thoughts, adventures and frustrations with family and friends on on this blog, without having to make a phone call. This blog I hope will be able to help me try and keep track of all the crazy and wild things my kids do on a daily basis. I know it won't be hard to think of things. My kids give me new things everyday.
Hope you all enjoy!


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AP Routers & Video Bridges – Extender
Wi-Fi Mesh Extender featuring 4x4 antennas and 802.11ac Wave 2 Wi-Fi capability (2.4GHz 2x2 + 5GHz 4x4)
Leveraging Wi-Fi Mesh, AR1347E wireless extender allows service providers to bring a standards-based approach to deploying efficient, self-organizing, and adaptable networks comprised of multiple access points, creating a single, unified whole-home Wi-Fi network and delivering high-quality Wi-Fi performance throughout a subscriber's home.
Featuring 4x4 antennas and 802.11ac Wave 2 Wi-Fi capability, including beamforming, the AR1347E helps maximize internet speeds for 4K streaming services and connections to multiple devices, while having flexibility of location and ease of installation.
The AR1347E is typically connected to an existing residential gateway, home router or wireless extender. The AR1347E will automatically configure itself to act as a wireless extender, and seamlessly pair with other Wi-Fi Mesh certified devices.
Furthermore, the AR1347E includes a full suite of management features to ensure a superior QoE and reduce rising service providers' expenses. Specifically, the AR1347E includes self-care web-based configuration and mobile application for subscribers, and is remotely managed via TR-069.
For more information, please click here
. 802.11 n/ac, MU-MIMO (Wave 2), Beamforming, making sure that client devices
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How much interfering with an opponent do you need to call offside? How little does it take to cause a goalkeeper to miss time a clearance? We look at two plays this week where there is a possibility that an offside positioned attacker interfered with an opponent...and went unpunished.
We also spotted a little referee/assistant teamwork in San Jose v Chicago that we want to highlight for the benefit of others.
A little interfering with an opponent?
Did you notice the possible interfering with an opponent on the first Philadelphia goal versus Los Angeles? Watch the goal again, but focus on the actions of Philadelphia's #17 Sapong who appears to step back into the path of the LA defender causing him to slightly veer to get into a defensive position. Does the action of Sapong rise to the level of interfering with an opponent?
In our opinion, no, as the defender is still able to get into position and is not clearly impacted by the offside positioned attacker. That opinion would certainly change if the defender was tripped or was actually blocked by Sapong.
What Should You Do? New England v Atlanta
Interesting no offside call in New England when Atlanta goalkeeper Brad Guzan comes out to punch a cross away, with two offside positioned attackers charging in. The keeper badly miss plays the ball sending it barely over the bar while then crashing into the attacker. Did the two attacker's actions impact the keeper, causing him to miss judge the cross? Should the flag have been raised for offside instead of giving the corner kick? What Should You Do?
A Little Teamwork
A little teamwork that saved a flag having to be waved down (it almost went up) was spotted in San Jose v Chicago. Watch the clip closely as you may not initially see that the pass was played by a defender.
The AR sees that the offside positioned attacker has interfered with play but is unsure who made the pass. He questions the referee (thru the communication system) with "who played it", and gets the answer"defender" just in time to keep his flag down.
Simple effective communication. Which comes from a good pre-game meeting to determine what phraseology best works for referee and the ARs.
Winner - Call of the Week #29 - Kevin Klinger
Call of the Week #30
With 3 weeks left in the regular season, 3 choices for Call of the Week #30. Who did better in San Jose v Chicago? AR 1 or AR 2? Eduardo Mariscal and Peter Balciunas both has good decisions in this match. Then there is Gianni Facchini in Toronto v NY Red Bulls where a deflected shot falls at the feet of what a first glance appeared to be an offside attacker. You pick.


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New Year Resolutions That Have Nothing To Do With Your Diet, Fitness, or Finances
This list of vague New Year resolutions have nothing to do with your money or your fitness but have EVERYTHING to do with betterment of mind and spirit.
Kim Holmes / Care & Keeping of Mom / huntsville New Year, misszoot.com, new year resolutions, new year resolutions for moms /
This list of vague New Year resolutions have nothing to do with your money or your fitness but have EVERYTHING to do with betterment of mind and spirit.
Kim Holmes / Family Activities, Holiday / Blossomwood Witches Ride, Blount Hospitality House, Blount Hospitality House Huntsville, Halloween Huntsville /
A Hogwarts Alum prepares for her first Witches Ride – read her thoughts on broomsticks vs bikes, Muggles, and booger-flavored jelly beans. Then come out to the Blossomwood Witches Ride on Sunday!
Kim Holmes / Parenting / imperfect parent, parenting pep talk /
Just in case you need a little parenting pep talk.
Kim Holmes / Holiday / truth about santa /
For any parent who has ever struggled to share the truth about Santa.
Kim Holmes / Home & Life, Local Parents, Mom Talk / home organizing, Subtraction Project /
This is the last day of August and we are officially fully submerged into the chaos that Fall brings into our lives. The extra school/sports activities on top of two full-time working parents makes us wonder why our kids need extracurriculars in their lives. Last week there was not ONE evening where we didn't have something […]
Kim Holmes / Education, Mom Talk / advice for mom sending child college, dear mom sending kid college, leaving for college, parenting college kid /
Maybe the first thing I would tell you is this: It's okay to cry. You will feel stupid when you do it, trust me, but it really is okay.
Kim Holmes / Home and Health / bullet journal, bullet journaling, get organized new year, new year resolutions /
Need to get organized? Learn how to start a bullet journal with these tips.
Kim Holmes / Christmas, Holiday, Local Parents / raising atheist family, secular Christmas, taking Christ out of Christmas /
My son looked at this manger scene, something that was in my house growing up and I snagged after Dad died because I love it dearly, and said, "Oh! Is that me as a baby? With Nikki and E?" Sometimes it's very obvious we are not a Christian family. My family does not practice any […]
Kim Holmes / Health, Pregnancy and Babies / coping with miscarriage, coping with pregnancy loss, dealing with a miscarriage, miscarriage, pregnancy loss /
I suffered my first miscarriage in silence because I followed the rules. I didn't tell anyone I was pregnant, because you weren't supposed to announce a pregnancy until you were past your first trimester. That was the rule. The theory was that you didn't want to have to tell everyone you had a miscarriage, if […]
Kim Holmes / Family Activities, Health, Local Parents / kid triathlon Huntsville, triathlon training for kids, triathlons in Huntsville /
Most kids love to swim, bike, and run around like maniacs. This is just common knowledge. However; if you have a triathlete in your family, they will see these actions as the foundation for a triathlete. With my triathlete-husband's encouragement, our 7-year old daughter decided she wanted to try to do triathlons and duathlons this […]