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Technical ForumDo you have a question or comment concerning the operation of your Haas machine? Do you need help with a tough programming task, or want to know a better way to produce your parts? Maybe you have a better way to do something and want to share it. Check out the Technical Forum menu below for the right solution - or the right link! |
Technical Forum |
Haas owners and operators have known for years how easy the Haas CNC is, but now the word is out. An independently published market survey showed industry professionals rating the Haas control as the most user-friendly control they've worked with. We'll show you some highlights on these pages.
The cursor arrows and the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys get a lot of use when you're navigating the various Displays on a Haas control. To find a particular machine setting in the Settings display, for example, you just type the setting number in the input buffer and hit the down arrow. The PAGE UP / DOWN keys, obviously, take you to either the previous or the following page in the display.
Program Review - In the PRGRM display, Program Review allows you to cursor through and review the active program on the right side of the display screen, while also viewing the same program, as it's running, on the left side of the screen. To bring up Program Review, press F4 (you must be in MEM mode).
Background Edit - This feature allows you to edit a program (in MEM mode) from the PRGRM display while a program is running. Type in the program number you want to edit (Onnnnn) and press F4. You can then do simple edits (INSERT, ALTER, DELETE and UNDO) either to an existing program, a new program or even the program that is presently running. However, edits to the program that is running will not take effect until that program cycle ends with an M30 or RESET.
Quick Zero on DIST-TO-GO Display - You can use the Distance To Go screen to quickly zero out the Position display for a reference move. When in HAND JOG mode and in the Position display, press any other operation mode key (EDIT, MEM, etc.) and then go back to Handle Jog. This will zero out all axes on the DIST-TO-GO display, and begin showing the distance moved.
To Zero the POS-OPER Display - This display is used for reference only. Each axis can be zeroed out independently, to then show its position relative to where you selected to zero that axis. To zero out a specific axis, PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN in the POSIT display to the POS-OPER large-digit display page. When you Handle Jog the X, Y or Z axis and then press ORIGIN, the axis that is selected will be zeroed. Or, you can press an X, Y or Z letter key and then ORIGIN to zero that axis display. You can also press the X, Y or Z key and enter a number (X2.125), then press ORIGIN to enter the number in that axis display.
Pressing the OFFSET key repeatedly will toggle back and forth between the Tool Length Offsets and Work Zero Offsets pages.
Entering Offsets - Pressing WRITE/ENTER will add the number in the input buffer to the cursor-selected offset value. Pressing F1 will replace the selected offset with the number in the input buffer.
While F1 will set the entered value into the offsets, F2 will set the negative of the entered value into the offsets.
Coolant Spigot Position - The coolant spigot can be programmed to move to the location entered in the Offset display (Tool Offset page, Coolant Position column). The coolant nozzle can be adjusted to one of 10 positions for each tool - position 1 is the highest, 10 is the lowest. The nozzle will shift to that position whenever an M08 or Hnn code is encountered in the program.
Clearing All Offsets and Macro Variables - In the Tool Length Offset display, you can clear all the offsets at once by pressing the ORIGIN key. The control will prompt: "ZERO ALL (Y/N)?" to make sure this is what you really want to do. If Y is entered, all the offsets in the area being displayed will be zeroed. The Work Zero Offset page (and the Macro Variables page in the CURNT COMDS display) will do the same thing. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.02 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 3.00 and above)
Up to 200 Tool Offsets - Haas mills now offer up to 200 tool offsets, double the number in previous versions. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.22 and above)
The first page of the Current Commands display shows 15 lines of the active program, as well as feedrate and spindle speed. The column on the far right shows programmed feed and speed (PGM Fnnnn, PGM Snnnn), actual feedrate (ACT Fnnnn), commanded spindle speed (CMD Snnnn) and actual speed (ACT Snnnn).
Actual speed and feed values are just that - what the spindle and feedrate are really operating at with any adjustments using the Override keys. In addition, this page shows spindle load, axis loads, surface speed, chip load, and spindle CW, CCW or STOP commands. Current axis positions are shown in the upper right corner. Change the coordinates displayed (Operator, Work, Machine, or Distance to Go) by using the cursor up and down keys.
Tool Life Management - In the CURNT COMDS display, you can PAGE DOWN to the Tool Life management page. On this page, the Usage register increases by 1 every time that tool is called up in the spindle. Enter the number of times you want that tool to be used in the Alarm column, and when the Usage number for that tool reaches the number of uses in the Alarm column, it will stop the machine with an alarm. This helps you monitor tools to prevent them from breaking and parts being scrapped.
Tool Load Management - The next PAGE DOWN in Current Commands will bring you to the Tool Load page. Spindle load condition can be defined for a particular tool, and the machine will stop if it reaches the spindle load limit defined for that tool. A tool overload condition will result in one of four actions by the control; the action is determined by Setting 84. ALARM will generate an alarm when overload occurs; FEED HOLD will do just that; BEEP will sound an audible alarm; or AUTOFEED will automatically decrease the feedrate. This also helps you monitor tools.
Clearing CURNT COMDS Values - The values in the Current Commands display pages for Tool Life, Tool Load and Time registers can be cleared by cursor-selecting the one you wish to clear and pressing ORIGIN. To clear everything in a column, cursor to the top of that column (onto the title) and press ORIGIN.
Alarm History - Pressing the right or left cursor arrow while in the Alarm display will list the last 100 alarms, with date and time. Use the cursor up arrow to see the earlier alarms. Pressing either the left or right arrow again will bring you back to the normal Alarm display.
Alarm History saved to RS-232 and Disk - This is a new feature. From the Alarm History screen, the alarm history (the last 100) can be saved to a floppy disk by entering a file name and pressing F2. Alternately, the alarm history can be sent to a PC by pressing SEND RS232. The output from either method will contain a percent sign (%) on the first and last lines. (Any Mill control ver. 10.22 and above; any Lathe control ver. 4.02 and above)
Leaving Messages - You can enter a message in the Messages display for the next person, or for yourself. It will be the first display shown when you power up the machine, IF there are no alarms other than the usual 102 SERVOS OFF alarm. If the machine was powered down using EMERGENCY STOP, the Messages display will not show up when you turn the machine on again. Instead, the control will display the active alarm generated by the emergency stop. In this case, you would have to press the ALARM/MESGS key to view a message.
Changing Parameters - Parameters are seldom-modified values that change the operation of the machine. These include servo motor types, gear ratios, speeds, stored stroke limits, lead screw compensations, motor control delays and macro call selections.
Modifying some of these functions will void the warranty on the machine. If you need to change parameters, contact Haas Automation or your dealer. Parameters are protected from being changed by Setting 7. Be sure to download and save a copy of your machine parameters so you'll have a backup if needed (refer to the LIST PROG section to see how to save your offsets, settings and parameters to a floppy disk).
The Diagnostics display is used by Haas Service technicians to check the status of the machine for diagnostics and servicing.
Zooming in - In the Graphics display, use F2 to zoom in on the graphic. After pressing F2, press PAGE DOWN to zoom in further and PAGE UP to expand the view. Use the cursor arrows to position the zoom window over the section of the part that you wish to view in close-up.
Press WRITE/ENTER to save the new zoom window, and Cycle Start to see the close-up graphic run. Press F2 and then HOME to get back to the original full table view.
Because the settings give users a great deal of powerful and helpful command over the control, we recommend reading the entire Settings section of the operator's manual. Go here for some examples of how useful they are.
To see a list of all the G and M codes available for the machine, press HELP and then the letter C. Press the letter D for a list of all the subject areas available in the Help directory; then select the subject you want by pressing the indicated letter. Press HELP/CALC again to access the calculator.
Transferring Simple Calculations - In the Trigonometry, Circular or Milling and Tapping calculator, the number in the simple calculator box (in the upper left corner) can be transferred down to any cursor-selected data line. Cursor to the register you wish to transfer the calculator number to and press F3.
Transferring Calculated Values - You can transfer the highlighted value in a Trig, Circular, or Milling data register into the calculator box by pressing F4. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the data registers, including the calculator box, and the left and right arrows to select LOAD + - * /. To enter a highlighted data value into the calculator box, LOAD must be selected when you press F4. If one of the operations is selected, pressing F4 will perform that operation, using the number in the highlighted data register and the number in the calculator box.
Transferring to EDIT or MDI - In either EDIT or MDI mode, pressing F3 will transfer the number in the calculator box (when the cursor is on the number in the box) to either the EDIT or MDI input buffer. You will need to enter the letter (X, Y or Z) you wish to use with the number from the calculator.
Circular Calculator - The Circular calculator will list four different ways that a circular move can be programmed using the values entered for a calculated solution. Four different program lines for executing the circular move will be listed at the bottom of the display. One of the four program lines can be transferred to either EDIT or MDI.
One-Line Expressions - A new feature of the Calculator display is that it will now evaluate a simple math function (previously, it was only possible to enter a number into the input line). Enter a simple, one-line expression without parentheses, such as 23*4�5.2+6/2. It will be evaluated when the WRITE/ENTER key is pressed, and the result (89.8 in this case) displayed in the calculator box. Multiplication and division are performed before addition and subtraction. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.49 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.24 and above)
When you press EDIT, the first display you see is the Advanced Editor, which has a number of very useful menus (see next item). Pressing the PRGRM/CONVRS key will display the program by itself, without the menus. Pressing PRGRM/CONVRS a second time will bring up the Quick Code editor, and another press brings up Visual Quick Code (VQC). Quick Code and VQC can also be accessed via the Advanced Editor Help menu.
Advanced Editor Menus - Pressing F1 in the Advanced Editor will activate the menus. Menu selections can be made with the jog handle (turning it either clockwise or counterclockwise) or with the cursor arrow keys. Press the WRITE/ENTER key to activate a cursor-selected menu item.
Undo a Simple Edit - Pressing UNDO will change back as many as the last ten simple edits that were done using INSERT, ALTER, or DELETE. Sometimes you can even edit some code, run the program, and then use UNDO to change it back - don't count on this, however! NOTE that the UNDO key does not undo program edits done in Block Edit (that is, when you've selected an entire program line or more than one line). When using Block Edit, UNDO will only deselect text.
Advanced Editor On-line Help - In the Advanced Editor, pressing F1 to access the menus also brings up on-line "Help - How to Use the Editor," displayed in the lower right corner of the screen. To scroll through the Help text, use the PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, HOME, and END keys (the cursor arrows move you through the Adv Edit menu items, not the Help text). Pressing F1 during the use of a menu option also brings up the corresponding Help text; press F1 again to exit the Help display. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.32 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.16 and above)
Advanced Editor Searching - When the Search menu item "Find Text" is used and the text is found, the next press of F1 to activate the menus will automatically select the "Find Again" option. Likewise, when the "Select Text" function on the Edit menu is used, the next activation of the menus will cause the "Copy Selected Text" option to be highlighted.
Advanced Editor Block Editing - In the 80-column Advanced Editor you can select a program block, copy or move it to another location, or delete it. To start the block definition, press F1 to get into the menus, use the jog handle or the cursor arrows to select the Edit menu and the "Select Text" menu item, then press WRITE/ENTER. Another way to begin text selection is to put the cursor on the program line where you want the selection to begin and press F2. In either case, once you've defined the beginning, you then use the cursor arrows to go to the line where the selection should end, and press F2 or WRITE/ENTER. This will highlight the section you want to copy, move, or delete. Then, use the Advanced Editor Edit menu (or the EDIT hot keys) to "Copy Selected Text" (or press INSERT), "Move Selected Text" (or press ALTER), or "Delete Selected Text" (or use the DELETE key) for the selected block.
Advanced Editor Block Editing to Another Program - You can copy a line or a block of lines from one program into another. Select the program block you wish to transfer to another program Using the method outlined in the above paragraph. Then press SELECT PROG (or use the Adv Ed Program menu, "Select Program ..." item), scroll to the program you want to copy to, and press WRITE/ENTER to select it. The selected program will open up on the right side of the screen. Cursor to where you want the selected text to be placed and press INSERT. Use the EDIT key to go back and forth between two open programs on the screen (to deselect text after it's been copied, press UNDO).
Advanced Editor Quick Cursor Arrow - You can call up a cursor arrow with which to scroll through your program quickly, line by line, when you're in the Advanced Editor. For the quick cursor arrow, press F2 once; then you can use the jog handle to scroll line by line through the program. To get out of this quick-cursor mode and remain where you are in the program, just press the UNDO key. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.49 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.24 and above).
You can copy, move, or delete a block of lines in the same program, or move a block from one program to another. Press EDIT and then PRGRM/CONVRS once to get to the Block Editor; you will see F1-BEGBLK and F2-ENDBLK at the bottom of display. In this Editor, define a program block by first pressing F1, and then cursor to the last line you want to select and press F2. This will highlight that section of the program to copy, move, or delete. You will see prompts at the bottom of the screen: press INSERT to copy, ALTER to move, DELETE to perform that function on the selected block. You can also copy it into another program. Press LIST PROG, then SELECT PROG, cursor to where you want the selected block to go, and copy the selection into the new program by pressing INSERT.
Exiting Block Edit - You can turn off Block Edit highlighting by pressing the UNDO key; the cursor will remain where you're at in the program. UNDO will not change back an edit done in Block Edit. RESET will also turn off the block highlighting, but the cursor will go back to the beginning of the program.
Editing in Two Locations of the Same Program - In Edit mode, F4 is the hot key that displays another view of the active program for editing. The same program will be displayed on both sides of the screen, and each view can be edited alternately by using the EDIT key to switch from one side to the other. Both programs will be updated with the edits done while you're switching back and forth. This is useful for editing a long program; you can view and edit one section of the program on one side of the screen and another section on the other side.
Lower-Case Text - In the Editor, you can enter lowercase text if it's between parentheses (that is, for comments only). Press the SHIFT key first (or hold it in) and then the letter you want to be lower case (remember, this works for parenthetical comments only). When lowercase text is selected (highlighted), it will appear in caps; deselected, it returns to lower case. To type the white symbol in the upper left corner of a numeric key, press SHIFT and then the key. These symbols are used for parenthetical comments or for macros.
Program Beginning & End Format - Programs written on a PC and sent to the control from a floppy disk or through the RS-232 port must start and end with a % sign, on a line by itself. The second line in a program received via floppy or RS-232 (which will be the first line the operator sees) must be Onnnnn, a six-character program number that starts with the letter O followed by five digits. When you create a program on the Haas control the percent (%) signs will be entered automatically, though you won't see them displayed.
M19 (Orient Spindle) with a P or R Value - This feature works on any vector drive mill. Previously, the M19 command would orient the spindle to only one position - that suitable for a tool change. Now, a P or R value can be added that will cause the spindle to be oriented to a particular position (in degrees).
If a whole number is used for the value, the P command is used and no decimal point is needed. P270.001 (or any other fraction) will be truncated to P270. Also, P365 will be treated as P5. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.49 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.21 and above)
An M19 R123.4567 command will position the spindle to the angle specified by the R fractional value; up to 4 decimal places will be recognized. This R command now requires a decimal point: if you program M19 R60, the spindle will orient to 0.060 degree. Previously, R commands were not used for this purpose; only integer P values could be used. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.49 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.29 and above)
G150 Pocket Milling with 40 Moves - In the G150 command line, a P command (P12345) calls up a subprogram (O12345) that defines the geometry of a pocket. This pocket geometry must be defined in 40 moves (strokes) or less (any Mill Control ver. 11.11 and above). In software versions previous to 11.11, G150 Pocket Milling could only accommodate a subprogram with 20 moves or less.
Duplicating a Program - In LIST PROG mode, you can duplicate an existing program by cursor-selecting the program number you wish to duplicate, typing in a new program number (Onnnnn), and then pressing F1. You can also duplicate a program in the Advanced Editor, using the Program menu and the Duplicate Active Program item.
G84 or G74 Spindle Commands - When tapping, you don't need to start the spindle with an M03 or M04 command. The control starts the spindle for you automatically with each G84 or G74 cycle, and it will in fact be faster if you don't use M03 or M04. The control will stop the spindle and turn it back on again to get the feed and speed in sync. The operator just needs to define the spindle speed.
G84 Quick Reverse - This feature allows the spindle to back out faster than it went into a tapped hole. This is specified with a J code on the G84 command line: J2 retracts twice as fast as the entry motion; J3 retracts three times as fast, and so on up to J9. A J code of zero will be ignored. If a J code less than 0 or greater than 9 is specified, Alarm 306 - "Invalid I, J, K or Q" - is generated. The J code is not modal and must be specified in each block where this effect is wanted. The J value should not contain a decimal point. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.13 and above)
G84 or G74 Tapping Back into a Hole - You can go back into a tapped hole to go deeper if you have the Rigid Tapping option and if you have not moved the tool or part. Parameter 57 bit 6, REPT RIG TAP, must be set to 1 (On). Edit the Z depth to go deeper, or offset down by the amount of one thread pitch to rerun a tapped hole. NOTE: If you move, offset, or change the starting position of the part or tap and it is not equal to one pitch of the thread, you will cross-thread the hole.
G84 or G74 Peck Tapping - You can also peck tap into a hole to go deeper (for tough/hard material) if Parameter 57 bit 6, REPT RIG TAP, is set to 1 (On). Then all you would need to do is repeat the tapping cycle at the same XY location, going deeper in the Z axis on each command line. See the following examples.
Example 1: G90 G54 X1.5 Y-0.5 S450 G43 H01 Z1.0 M08 G84 G99 Z-0.25 R0.1 F22.5 G84 Z-0.5 G84 Z-0.75 G00 Z1. M09 | Example 2: G90 G54 X1.5 Y-0.5 S450 G43 H01 Z1.0 M08 G84 G99 Z-0.25 R0.1 F22.5 X1.5 Y-0.5 Z-0.5 X1.5 Y-0.5 Z-0.75 G00 Z1. M09 |
Note: On Mill software versions12.09 and above, REPT RIG TAP has been moved from the Parameters to Setting 133. This is now an On/Off setting that is much easier for the user to change.
You can select an axis for jogging by entering the axis letter on the input line and then pressing the HAND JOG button. This works for the X, Y, Z, and A axes as well as for B, C, U, and V auxiliary axes.
Jog Keys & Feedrates - There are a number of ways to control feedrate with the Haas CNC.
Spindle Speed - Similarly, pressing the HAND CNTRL SPIN key will allow you to adjust the programmed speed by 1%, up or down, with every increment of the jog handle.
You can stop or start the spindle with CW or CCW any time you're at a Single Block stop or a Feed Hold. When you restart the program with CYCLE START, the spindle will be turned back on to the previously defined speed.
Manual Overrides for Coolant & Chip Auger - The coolant pump can be turned on or off manually while a program is running, by pressing the COOLNT button.
This will override what the program is doing until another M08 or M09 coolant command is executed. This also applies to the chip conveyor, using the CHIP FWD/STOP/REV keys.
Coolant Spigot Position - The coolant spigot position can be changed manually when a program is running, with the CLNT UP or CLNT DOWN key. This will override what the program commands until another spigot position is commanded with an Hnn or M08 command.
Chip Conveyor - The chip conveyor can be turned on or off while a program is running, either manually using the control keys or via program M codes. The M code equivalent to CHIP FWD is M31, CHIP REV is M32, and CHIP STOP is M33. You can set the conveyor cycle time (in minutes) with Setting 114, and conveyor on-time (in minutes) with Setting 115.
Actual Spindle Speed - You can verify exact spindle speed on the first page of the CURNT COMDS display. The actual speed is displayed in the bottom right corner, as well as in the far right column of the G-code list (ACT Snnnn).
Block Delete - Program blocks beginning with a slash ( / ) will be ignored - i.e., that program line will not be executed - when Block Delete is on. This takes effect four lines after the BLOCK DELETE key is pressed when cutter compensation is in use, or two lines later when cutter compensation is not in use.
Block Look-Ahead - The Haas control looks up to 20 blocks ahead for block interpretation. This is used to ensure that DNC program input is never starved, and to allow cutter compensation to have non-XY moves inserted while cutter compensation is on.
Memory Lock Key Switch - This is an option that prevents the operator from editing or deleting programs, and from altering settings. Since the key switch (if installed) locks the settings, it also allows you to lock other areas within the settings. Setting 7 locks parameters; Parameters 57, 209, and 278 lock other features. Setting 8 locks all programs. Setting 23 locks 09xxx programs. Setting 119 locks offsets. Setting 120 locks macro variables. In order to edit or change these areas, the key switch (if installed) must be unlocked and the setting turned off. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.25 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.23 and above)
Rapid an Axis Home - You can rapid all axes to machine zero by pressing the HOME G28 key.
You can also send just one axis (X, Y, Z, A or B) to machine zero in rapid motion: Enter the letter X, Y, Z, A or B, then press HOME G28, and that axis alone will rapid home. There is no warning to alert you of any possible collision! Care must be exercised. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.49 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 2.24 and above)
Search for a Program Command - Searching for a specific command in a program can be done in either MEM or EDIT mode. Just enter the letter code, with or without a specified value (A or A1.23), and press the up or down cursor arrow. If you enter just the letter, the search will stop at the next use of that letter, regardless of its assigned value.
Search for a Program - When in EDIT or MEM mode, you can quickly select and display another program by simply entering the program number (Onnnnn) and pressing either the cursor down arrow or F4.
TOOL OFFSET MEASURE and PART ZERO SET - Use these keys to enter either a tool length offset or a work offset, to help save time during part setup. The NEXT TOOL key is then used to send the machine home for a tool change to the next tool. The cursor will then move to the next offset register, and the increment for the handle will go back to 10.0 inches per minute.
Rotate Tool Carousel - You can rotate the tool carousel without changing tools by using M39 and Tnn. This can be used to recover from some unusual conditions. However, it will also tell the control that there is a different tool in the spindle, which may not be the case. You can disable this command by turning on Setting 86 (M39 Lockout). (Any Mill Control ver. 2.3 and above)
Tool Change Command - It is not necessary to turn off the coolant, stop the spindle, or move the Z axis prior to a tool change (M06). The control will do this for you. When the Haas CNC reads "M06," it will:
Transferring an MDI Program - You can transfer and save a program from MDI to your list of programs. When in the MDI display, make sure that the cursor is at the beginning of the MDI program. Enter a program number (Onnnnn) that's not being used. Then press ALTER, and this will transfer the MDI data into your list of programs under that program number.
This feature allows the operator to interrupt program execution, jog away from the part to perform a desired task, and then return to the interruption point and resume program execution. Once RSJC is initiated, the operator is able to stop and start the spindle, jog the XYZ axes individually (axes other than X, Y, and Z cannot be jogged), or command a tool release. The following describes the RSJC procedure. (Any Mill Control ver. 11.10 and above)
Because the settings give users a great deal of powerful and helpful command over the control, we recommend reading the entire Settings section of the operator's manual. Listed below are some of the most useful settings.
Scrolling through Settings with Jog Handle - The jog handle can now be used to scroll through the settings. In previous versions, the jog handle could be used to scroll through (cursor-highlight) the parameters, but not the settings. This has been corrected. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.15 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 3.05 and above)
Setting 1 - AUTO POWER OFF TIMER - This turns the machine off after it has been idle for the number of minutes defined in this setting.
Setting 2 - POWER OFF AT M30 - This will power off the machine when an M30 command is executed. In addition, for safety reasons, the control will turn itself off if an overvoltage or overheat condition is detected for longer than 4 minutes.
Setting 8 - PROG MEMORY LOCK - When this is Off, program memory can be modified. When this setting is turned On, memory edits cannot be done and programs cannot be erased.
Setting 9 - DIMENSIONING - This allows the user to choose inch or metric dimensioning, which will change all Offset values and Position displays accordingly. This setting will not change program dimensions to or from inch or metric.
Setting 15 - H & T CODE AGREEMENT - When this is Off, no special functions occur. When it's On, a check is made to ensure that the H offset code matches the tool presently in the spindle. Usually you have one offset per tool, and it's usually the same number as the tool number. If it is not the same and this setting is On, you will get an alarm: "H and T Not Matched." This check can help prevent crashes. If you need to use a different offset number or more than one, this setting will need to be switched Off. In program restart, this check is not done until motion begins.
Setting 31 - RESET PROGRAM POINTER - When this is On, the RESET key will send the cursor back to the beginning of the program.
Setting 36 - PROGRAM RESTART - When this setting is Off, starting from anywhere other than the beginning of a program or a tool sequence may produce inconsistent results. When it is On, you are able to start a program from the middle of a tool sequence. Cursor onto the line where you want to start and press CYCLE START. The control will scan the entire program to ensure that tools, offsets, G codes, and axis positions are set correctly before starting or continuing from the block where the cursor is positioned. Note: Some alarm conditions are not detected prior to motion starting. It's best to turn this setting Off when not in use.
Setting 77 - SCALE INTEGER F - This can be used to change how the control interprets a feedrate. A feedrate that is entered in your program can be misinterpreted if you do not enter a decimal point in the Fnn.nn command. The selections for this setting are DEFAULT, which assumes a 4-place decimal if no decimal point is entered (i.e., if you enter F10, it assumes you mean 0.0010); INTEGER, which assumes a whole number (enter an F10, it assumes 10.0); or .1 (enter F10, it assumes 1.0), .01 or .001 (you get the idea), or .0001, which is the same as the Default setting.
Setting 84 - TOOL OVERLOAD ACTION - This is used to determine tool overload conditions as defined by the Tool Load monitor page in the Current Commands display (use page down in Current Commands to get there). A tool overload condition can result in one of four actions by the control, depending on Setting 84. ALARM will generate an alarm when overload occurs; FEED HOLD will cause a feed hold; BEEP will sound an audible alarm; or AUTOFEED will automatically decrease the feedrate.
Setting 85 - MAX CORNER ROUNDING - This setting is used to set the corner rounding accuracy required by the user. The accuracy defined in Setting 85 will be maintained even at maximum feedrate - the control will only slow at corners when it is needed. This setting defeats all the years of discussion by competitors who say you need multiple blocks of look-ahead. The Haas control actually does look ahead for block interpretation, up to 20 blocks. This is not needed for high-speed operation. It is instead used to ensure that DNC program input is never starved, and to allow non-XY moves to be inserted while Cutter Compensation is on.
Setting 88 - RESET RESETS OVERRIDE - When this is On, the RESET key sets all overrides back to 100%.
Setting 101 - FEED OVERRIDE > RAPID - When this setting is Off, the machine will behave normally. When it is On and HANDLE CONTROL FEEDRATE is active, the jog handle will affect both the feedrate override and the rapid rate override simultaneously. That is, changing the feedrate override will cause a proportional change to the rapid rate. The maximum rapid rate will be maintained at 100% or 50%, according to setting 10. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.22 and above. Any Lathe Control ver. 4.11 and above)
Setting 103 - CYC START / FH SAME KEY - This is really good to use when you're carefully running through a program. When this setting is On, the CYCLE START button functions as the Feed Hold key as well. When CYCLE START is pressed and held in, the machine will run through the program; when it's released, the machine will stop in a feed hold. This gives you much better control when testing a new program. When you're done using this feature, turn it Off. This setting can be changed while running a program. It cannot be On when Setting 104 is On (when one of these is turned on, the other will automatically turn off). (Any Mill Control ver. 9.06 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 4.11 and above)
Setting 104 - JOG HANDL TO SNGL BLK - When this is On and you are running a program in MEM mode, in the Program or Graphics display, you can use the SINGLE BLOCK key to cycle through your program one line at a time, with each press of the CYCLE START button. Again, this works either when the machine is running or you're in Graphics. Also, if you first press the CYCLE START button, then each counterclockwise click of the jog handle will step you through a program line. Turning the handle clockwise will cause a feed hold. This setting can be changed while running a program. It cannot be On when Setting 103 is On (when one of these is turned on, the other will automatically turn off). (Any Mill Control ver. 9.06 and above. Any Lathe Control ver. 4.11 and above)
Setting 114 - CONVEYOR CYCLE (MIN) - If this is set to zero, the conveyor will operate normally. If a number is entered, it defines how long (in minutes) each cycle will be when the chip conveyor is turned on. The chip conveyor cycle is started with either an M code (M31 or M32) or with the control CHIP FWD and CHIP REV keys. It will stay on for the time defined in Setting 115, then turn off and not restart until the cycle time in Setting 114 has elapsed. Short programs looped (M99) many times will not reset the chip conveyor if the intermittent feature is activated. The conveyor will continue to start and stop at the commanded times.
Setting 115 - CONVEYOR ON TIME (MIN) - This setting works with Setting 114, which defines the conveyor cycle time. Setting 115 defines how long the chip conveyor will stay on during each cycle.
Setting 118 - M99 BUMPS M30 CNTRS - When this setting is On, an M99 command (used to run a program repeatedly) will activate the M30 counters that are in the CURNT COMNDS display (page down twice). Note that an M99 will only activate the counters when it is used in a loop mode in a main program, not a subprogram. An M99 that's used as a subprogram return, or with a P value to jump to another part of the program, won't be counted. (Any Mill Control ver. 9.58 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 3.00 and above)
Setting 130 - TAP RETRACT SPEED - This feature augments one introduced in version 10.13, the quick reversal out of a G84 rigid-tapped hole. If Setting 130 is set to 0 or 1, the machine behaves normally. Setting it to 2 is the equivalent of a G84 command with a J value of 2; that is, the spindle will retract twice as fast as it went in. If it is set to 3, the spindle will retract three times as fast. NOTE that specifying a J value in a G84 command for rigid tapping will override Setting 130. (Any Mill Control ver. 10.18 and above).
Setting 144 - FEED OVERRIDE�>SPINDLE - This feature is intended to keep the chip load constant when an override is applied. When this setting is Off, the control behaves normally. When it is On, any feedrate override that is applied will be applied to the spindle speed also, and the spindle overrides will be disabled. (Any Mill Control ver. 11.10 and above; any Lathe Control ver. 4.11 and above).
Program Format to Receive - You can receive program files from a floppy disk or the RS-232 port on the Haas control. A program must begin and end with a line containing only a % sign. The next line must begin with the letter "O" followed by the program number (newer machines use five digits, older machines four). If you want to identify a program by name as well as program number, enter the name between parentheses (Program Name), either on the same line as the program number (after the number) or on the next line. The program text name will show up with the program number in the list of programs.
Loading Programs from Disk - You can load program files from a floppy disk using the I/O menu and the DISK DIRECTORY item of the Advanced Editor. Pressing WRITE/ENTER when this menu item is selected will display a list of the programs on the program disk. Use the cursor arrow keys or the handwheel to select the file you need to load, and press WRITE/ENTER. After loading that file, the disk directory will remain on display to allow more files to be selected and loaded into the control. RESET or UNDO will exit this display.
SEND RS232 or SEND DISK - You can send programs to the RS232 port or a floppy disk from the Advanced Editor. After selecting the menu item you want (SEND RS232 or SEND DISK), a program list will appear. Select the program you want to save, or "ALL" (at the end of the list) if you wish to send all programs under one file name. Select any number of programs using the up and down cursor arrow keys or the handwheel plus the INSERT key to mark the specific programs to send. If no programs are selected from the list using the INSERT key, the currently highlighted program will be sent.
Sending a Program File - You can send a file or files to a program disk or through the RS-232 port from the LIST PROG display. Use the cursor arrow to select the program you want, or select "ALL" if you want to send all of the programs under one file name. When you press F2 to send the selected program(s), the control will ask for a file name, which can be up to eight characters long with a three-letter extension (8CHRCTRS.3XT). Then press F2 again to send it. (You can also use the I/O menu in the Advanced Editor to send and receive program files.)
Sending Multiple Program Files - Several programs can be sent through the RS-232 serial port from the LIST PROG display, by typing in all the program numbers together on the input line without spaces. Each program number should start with the letter O, and you can leave off any leading zeros if you choose (e.g., O123O4545O13579). Then press SEND RS232.
Send and Receive Offsets, Settings, Parameters and Macro Variables - You can save offsets, settings and parameters to a floppy disk, retrieve them from a floppy, and send/retrieve them via the RS-232 port. To send, press LIST PROG first, then select an OFFSET, SETNG or PARAM display page. Type in a file name, and then press F2 to write the display information to disk (or F3 to read that file from a disk). Press SEND RS232 to send the display page to the RS-232 port under the file name you entered, or RECV RS232 to read the file via RS-232. You can also do this with macro variables by first pressing LIST PROG, then selecting a macro variable display page (PAGE DOWN from CURNT COMDS).
Deleting a Program from a Floppy Disk - Haas machines allow you to delete files from a floppy disk. (Note that this requires the latest floppy driver EPROM chip version FV 2.11.) Go to the LIST PROG display page and type "DEL
RS-232 Communications Using X-Modem - If you are seeing occasional errors when using RS-232 communications, X-Modem (Setting 14) is a standard communications mode which is very reliable when only a few errors occur. Our control supports this, as do almost all software communication packages for PCs.
Haas Rotary Table Using the Serial Port and Macros - It is possible to regulate a Haas rotary table using the serial port and macros from the Haas control (or any Fanuc-compatible control). There is a set of sample macros available from the Haas Applications department.


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Other names published for UBC13: E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein UBC13, YDR092W
- Curated Literature
- Genetics/Cell Biology
- Nucleic Acid Information
- Gene Product Information
- Related Genes/Proteins
- Research Aids
- Genome-wide Analysis
- Proteome-wide Analysis
- Other Topics
- Additional Information
- Literature Curation Summary
- Pubmed Search
- Expanded Pubmed Search
- All genome-wide analysis papers
- Search Google Scholar
UBC13 Literature Curation Summary
Curated References for UBC13: 117
Date of last curation: 2013-05-15
Reference | Other Genes Addressed |
Boiteux S and Jinks-Robertson S (2013) DNA Repair Mechanisms and the Bypass of DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 193(4):1025-64 | |
Dornfeld K (2013) Antifolate Response in Replication Arrest Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anticancer Res 33(5):2037-41 | |
Hernandez-Ortega S, et al. (2013) Defective in mitotic arrest 1 (dma1) ubiquitin ligase controls g1 cyclin degradation. J Biol Chem 288(7):4704-14 | |
Hoch NC, et al. (2013) Genomic stability disorders: from budding yeast to humans. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 5():396-411 | |
Hwang GW, et al. (2013) Deletion of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc2 confers resistance to methylmercury in budding yeast by promoting Whi2 degradation. J Toxicol Sci 38(2):301-3 | |
Kozmin SG and Jinks-Robertson S (2013) The Mechanism of Nucleotide Excision Repair-Mediated UV-Induced Mutagenesis in Nonproliferating Cells. Genetics 193(3):803-17 | |
Dengjel J, et al. (2012) Identification of autophagosome-associated proteins and regulators by quantitative proteomic analysis and genetic screens. Mol Cell Proteomics 11(3):M111.014035 | |
Doris KS, et al. (2012) Oxidative stress responses involve oxidation of a conserved ubiquitin pathway enzyme. Mol Cell Biol 32(21):4472-81 | |
Finley D, et al. (2012) The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 192(2):319-60 | |
Gazy I and Kupiec M (2012) The importance of being modified: PCNA modification and DNA damage response. Cell Cycle 11(14):2620-3 | |
Parker JL and Ulrich HD (2012) In Vitro PCNA Modification Assays. Methods Mol Biol 920():569-89 | |
Plass M, et al. (2012) RNA secondary structure mediates alternative 3'ss selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RNA 18(6):1103-15 | |
Sertic S, et al. (2012) NER and DDR: Classical music with new instruments. Cell Cycle 11(4) | |
Sertic S, et al. (2012) NER and DDR: Classical music with new instruments. Cell Cycle 11(4):668-74 | |
Varshavsky A (2012) Three decades of studies to understand the functions of the ubiquitin family. Methods Mol Biol 832():1-11 | |
Wen R, et al. (2012) Zebrafish Mms2 promotes K63-linked polyubiquitination and is involved in p53-mediated DNA-damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 11(2):157-66 | |
Berndsen CE and Wolberger C (2011) A spectrophotometric assay for conjugation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Anal Biochem 418(1):102-10 | |
Carr AM, et al. (2011) DNA replication: failures and inverted fusions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 22(8):866-74 | |
Gahura O, et al. (2011) Secondary structure is required for 3' splice site recognition in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 39(22):9759-67 | |
Halas A, et al. (2011) The roles of PCNA SUMOylation, Mms2-Ubc13 and Rad5 in translesion DNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 80(3):786-97 | |
Lehmann AR (2011) Ubiquitin-family modifications in the replication of DNA damage. FEBS Lett 585(18):2772-9 | |
Svensson JP, et al. (2011) Genomic phenotyping of the essential and non-essential yeast genome detects novel pathways for alkylation resistance. BMC Syst Biol 5(1):157 | |
Zhang W, et al. (2011) Roles of sequential ubiquitination of PCNA in DNA-damage tolerance. FEBS Lett 585(18):2786-94 | |
Ziv I, et al. (2011) A perturbed ubiquitin landscape distinguishes between ubiquitin in trafficking and in proteolysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(5):M111.009753 | |
Coulon S, et al. (2010) Rad8Rad5/Mms2-Ubc13 ubiquitin ligase complex controls translesion synthesis in fission yeast. EMBO J 29(12):2048-58 | |
Daigaku Y, et al. (2010) Ubiquitin-dependent DNA damage bypass is separable from genome replication. Nature 465(7300):951-5 | |
Davies AA, et al. (2010) Ubiquitylation of the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp is independent of rad6-rad18 and DNA damage. Cell 141(6):1080-7 | |
Domingues MN, et al. (2010) The Xanthomonas citri effector protein PthA interacts with citrus proteins involved in nuclear transport, protein folding and ubiquitination associated with DNA repair. Mol Plant Pathol 11(5):663-75 | |
Haworth J, et al. (2010) Ubc4 and Not4 Regulate Steady-State Levels of DNA Polymerase-{alpha} to Promote Efficient and Accurate DNA Replication. Mol Biol Cell 21(18):3205-19 | |
Karras GI and Jentsch S (2010) The RAD6 DNA damage tolerance pathway operates uncoupled from the replication fork and is functional beyond S phase. Cell 141(2):255-67 |

subset: commoncrawl


text: PhotographersStudio, location, commercial, wedding and portrait photographers in the Warren area. Narrow your search: Category» City» A-Z» Results: 1-24 of 43 B) E) F) G) Linmar Strategies for Entertainment16 Wick Ave, Youngstown, OH 44503 M) N) O) Maxmillan Creative Photography by1621 5th Ave, Youngstown, OH 44504 Q) R) T) V) Data has been provided in part by Localeze. | |


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A recent visit to the College's Pre-Primary classes by a representative from Bunnings, saw not just art as a result, but a lovely gift for Mother's Day produced.
Zoe arrived laden with pots, paint and plants, and these little Cornerstone students set about producing a very individual and creative painted item. The Pre-Primary classes were shown the process of decorating, then filling their pots with soil and seedlings. Just in time for Mother's Day, these fresh off the production line items were sent home with some very proud students.
Bunnings use this community engagement program to connect in with local schools and provide an avenue for students to do some hands-on activities. Later this month, they are returning once again to plant out a vegetable patch in the Early Learning Centre. We are grateful to them for their willingness to come along and make the classroom experience a whole lot of fun!
Well done.


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In Memoriam: Andrzej Korbonski (1927-2013)
Professor Emeritus of the UCLA Department of Political Science, Andrzej Korbonski was a distinguished Polish-American scholar whose contributions to communist and post-communist studies were internationally recognized.
The European Union in the world: The value of soft power
Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the European Union (EU) for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, spoke about EU foreign policy at the UCLA Faculty Center on May 6. The meeting was organized by the Center for European and Eurasian Studies and moderated by Terry McCarthy, president and CEO of the Los Angeles World Affairs Council.
Russia: A country too modern for its politics — A conversation with Daniel Treisman
Interviewed about contemporary Russian politics, UCLA Professor of Political Science Daniel Treisman says that economic modernization has already created classes of people impatient with Putin's paternalistic regime. These groups are not just in the big cities; discontent with the state's failure to deliver basic services is also palpable in the provinces.
Stalin: Meticulous with His Word, Shaper of Faulty Information Systems
Historians Sarah Davies and James Harris spoke about their recent research in Stalin's personal archive, discussing how the Soviet dictator used words and the way in which he processed incoming information, respectively.
Stanley Kramer's political critique of the Nuremberg Trials
Author and scholar Elisabeth Bronfen discusses a chapter from her book Specters of War: Hollywood's Engagement with Military Conflict, explaining how Stanley Kramer uses film to critique the Nuremberg trials.
Film series builds human rights community at UCLA
Los Angeles is a movie town, so it's no surprise that it's filled with film festivals and documentary screenings, but even amidst all the variety the only L.A. film series you'll find focused on human rights is at UCLA.
Q&A: Historian Ivan Berend on Europe's financial crisis
In his book, "Europe in Crisis: Bolt from the Blue?" (Routledge), Ivan Berend analyzes the European Great Recession of 2008-12, its economic and social causes, and its historical roots. He also discusses policies that have been adopted by the European Union to find a way out of the quagmire.
Austrian Ambassador Discusses EU Expansion with Faculty
Lunch chat with Eva Nowotny, Austrian ambassador to the US, also covers EU constitution, immigration, and the country's recent parliamentary elections.
70 Years After Start of Spanish Civil War
UCLA Department of Spanish and Portuguese presents Oct. 10–Dec. 5 film series on Franco era's bloody beginning.
Armenians at Home
UCLA historian Richard Hovannisian instructs local K-12 teachers on more than a century of Armenian migrations to Southern California and elsewhere. His archive of interviews with 800 survivors of the Armenian Genocide is now digitized, with transcriptions and translations in the works.
Andrew Dawson's Award-Winning 'Absence and Presence' Makes Its Los Angeles Premiere at UCLA Live Oct. 11-15
English director, dancer and mime artist's intimate elegy to his father, whose body lay undiscovered for 10 days after he died in 1985, reflects on grief, regret and the unique emotions wrought by the death of a parent.
CEES Director Wins Teaching Award
Gail Kligman honored with 2006 Eugene Weber Honors Collegium Teaching Award.
Muslim American Poet Sets Down Stakes
University of Arkansas' Mohja Kahf asks what one more label could do for study of American writers, herself not excluded. The lecture is part of CNES-, CEES-, and government-sponsored sociology course on Muslims in Europe and North America.
The Talking Cure
Conference participants market strategies for managing small nations' images around the world. They call it 'country branding.'
Joschka Fischer Argues Global Powers 'Condemned to Cooperation'
In talk at UCLA, former German foreign minister sees no future for 'balance-of-powers' geopolitics, defends European expansion within bounds, urges US not to give up on 'the West.' Fischer calls Iranian nuclear program biggest threat in troubled Middle East.
Diary Offers Window into French Indochina
A chance encounter with a rare original source took a professor and his students on a captivating journey through Vietnam. In a colloquium at UCLA, Bucknell U's David Del Testa and Los Angeles educators discuss how to share a 19-year-old woman's personal story with K-12 students.
Bernard-Henri Lévy Warns on Anti-Semitism, Stage 6
The famed, if not always celebrated, French intellectual urges all groups to refrain from absurd, counterproductive 'competition of victimhoods.'
Islam and Politics, Muslim Diasporas, Historical Photography Anchor Spring Programs
More than 50 scholars from around the world participate in a host of academic activities sponsored by CNES
Headscarves and Discrimination in Europe
Author of 'The Islamic Challenge' says moderate European Muslims face challenges from all sides, should be consulted on security issues.
Designing for Terror
Institute-funded study of transit security, begun before bombing attacks in Madrid and London, finds officials concerned about physical design of stations, riders' perceptions of risk. Europeans get higher marks for coordination than more secretive American officials.
A Wake-up Call for Transit System Security
A study with funding from the Global Impact Research Initiative in the Ronald W. Burkle Center for International Relations explores the complex security and terrorism issues that affect public transportation worldwide.
British Expert Discusses Globalization Issues
Over 125 people heard Blair adviser Anthony Giddens address global communications, security, and the history of the globalization debate.


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You Can Heal Your Life Hour
You Can Heal Your Life
Hay House - YCHYL Hour
Every Friday,
11:00 am - 12:00 am PDT
Join HayHouseRadio.com for the monthly show, You Can Heal Your Life. Each show features interviews and affirmations from your favorite Hay House authors. Find out what the authors are working on and stay up to date on the new releases hot off the press from Hay House.
Get inspired by some of the biggest names in self-empowerment.
Discover what some new authors are working on and get some practical information and tools that you can use to improve your life right now.
Friday, June 21, 2013
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text:
The band will release TKOL RMX 1234567 in the UK on October 10. The LP will feature remixes of their The King of Limbs tracks.
Contributors for the record include Jamie xx, SBTRKT, Modeselektor, Objekt, Anstam, Blawan and others.
TKOL RMX 1234567 will be spread over two discs and include 19 remixed tracks, some of which have been previously released on 12" vinyl.
The invite-only event at Corsica Studios, London on October 11 will feature a DJ set from Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke and will be broadcast live on boilerroom.tv.
Yorke recently confirmed plans for Radiohead to embark on a tour throughout 2012.
> Radiohead to release 'King of Limbs' remix album - tracklisting
Listen to Jamie xx's remix of Radiohead's 'Bloom' below:


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G-Philly's Best Dressed List 2012 » best_dressed7
A freelance graphic designer and owner of his independent design company, Eddidit, for six years, Ed Hall, 31, is all about the details. âThey may be little details that might not be noticeable at first,â he says, âbut the more you look, the more you notice it, like stitching or a decoration.â He calls his style dressy street chic, and does most of his shopping online and at H&M and Topman. This vest is one of his favorite pieces. âItâs an asymmetrical dress vest with buttons that go across,â he says. âAnd hatsâtheyâre new to me.â


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November 8, 2011
Monterey's neighbor in both geography and strawberry-friendly climate became the first county in California to issue a resolution opposing the use of methyl iodide. The Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors today voted 5-0 to approve the resolution, urging state regulators to revisit their approval of the fumigant back in December 2010.
Although county lawmakers do not have the authority to supersede the state Department of Pesticide Regulation's rules on the use of methyl iodide, it's leverage—and therefore more than just a symbolic gesture, according to activists who brought the proposal before the board. "This [resolution] is great ammunition for legislators to show they have the backing of local communities," says Dana Perls, an organizer with Pesticide Watch. "The very people whose economy is based on strawberries do not want methyl iodide in their community."
The Monterey County Board of Supervisors may decide on whether to sign off on a similar resolution as early as next Tuesday's board meeting, after Supervisor Simon Salinas formally requested the subject be placed on an agenda. Of the Santa Cruz decision today, "This is a groundswell," Perls adds, "and it's hopefully going to have a domino effect."


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. |
Family Fun without the crowds! |
We are tubing in Great Wicomico River. Boat dock is on Whays Creek. 5 minute boat drive to Chesapeake Bay. |
Reedville, Va - 2 -2 1/4 hrs from Woodbridge. In ground pool w/slide, boat dock & launch area, beach area only accessible by boat, children's play area, adult play area(pool table), fire pit for marshmallows, air conditioned, grill provided (see Amenities for more pictures. Bedding and bathroom linens, kitchen is ready for cooking(food not provided). Minutes to Tangier Island cruise boat or smith point island cruise. http://www.smithisland.us/ The Island http://www.eaglesnest.net/smithislandcruise/ The cruise boat http://www.tangierisland-va.com/ The island http://www.tangierisland-va.com/chesapeakebreeze/ The cruise boat |
Basic directions are 95 south, to rt. 3 East to rt. 360 East. This will end in Reedville, Va. |


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Asia Attractions:
Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
There are few images more iconic to southwestern China than that of the giant panda. Unfortunately, despite its status as a Chinese national treasure, the ...
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Osaka Zoo
More than 1,500 creatures large and small live in Osaka's Tennoji Zoo, where ecological protection and the humane treatment of animals are highlighted. ...
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Singapore Zoo
Take time out with the family at one of Singapore's most popular attractions, Singapore Zoo. This world-class establishment is beautifully landscaped with ...
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Singapore Zoo Breakfast
Singapore Zoo, located in the north of the island at Mandai, has the
world's most successful orangutan-breeding program, and the largest
social colony of ...
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Safari World
Covering over 450 acres, or nearly a square mile, Bangkok's Safari World contains more than a dozen attractions that can keep any family entertained for hours. ...
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Singapore Night Safari
Singapore Zoo Night Safari, Winner of the Singapore Tourism Awards Best
Leisure Attraction Experience, is the world's first tour of its kind. On
an open tram ...
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Sri Racha Tiger Zoo
Swimming crocodiles, racing pigs, dancing elephants and leaping Bengal tigers entertain the crowds at the Sri Racha Tiger Zoo. The animal shows are staged ...
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Ueno Park (Ueno Koen)
Ueno Park is a public park made up of museums, historical landmarks, and natural beauty. It houses the Tokyo National Museum, the National Science Museum, and ...
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Beijing Aquarium (Beijing Haiyangguan)
Situated within the Beijing Zoo, the Beijing Aquarium (Beijing Haiyangguan) is the largest inland aquarium in China and home to an impressive range of aquatic ...
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Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
On the western tip of Chorao Island on Goa's Mandovi River sits the Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary. Located near the capital city of Panaji, the sanctuary feels ...
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Elephant Theme Show
Elephants are native to Thailand and have traditionally been an important part of Thai culture. One of the most interesting, if not the most natural, ways to ...
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Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden
Spanning approximately 14 acres, the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden (often referred to simply as the Manila Zoo) is home to more than 800 animals, ...
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Shanghai Zoo (Shanghai Dongwu Yuan)
The Shanghai Zoo (Shanghai Dongwu Yuan), one of the best zoological parks in China, is home to some 6,000 animals representing 600 species, many of them ...
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Shinagawa Aquarium
Shinagawa is smaller than some of the aquariums in Tokyo, but it's full of interesting exhibits and is a great way to spend a few hours. There are over 300 ...
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Siam Ocean World
In a city as flashy and boisterous as Bangkok, it's hard to believe that one of the largest aquariums in South East Asia can be found in the basement of a ...
Read more
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Businessman looking in the back of a car (ISO-IS098RG94)
Caption: Businessman looking in the back of a car. Image Code: ISO-IS098RG94. Photographer: Image Source. Collection: ImageSource. Royalty Free
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Acronym Fall/Winter 2012 Collection
The Acronym Fall/Winter 2012 Collection once again represents great progression from designer Errolson Hugh, who seems to have an endless list of ideas for his innovative designs. Combining more clean and sophisticated designs with more technical and functional pieces is a huge attribute of the label and one that seems to be staying on point since the labels introduction years back.
Similar posts
Acronym Fall/Winter 2012 "Acronymjutsu" Collection Video
October 5, 2012 -
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April 4, 2012 -
Acronym Spring/Summer 2012 Collection
March 5, 2012


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Level 1 productions brings snow, rain, sun, clouds, fog, bluebird, concrete, untracked landings, low pressures, high fives, triple kinks, double grabs, too much speed, not enough gas, under-rotations, over-tweaks all to your screen in true award-winning Josh Berman fashion. A chronological portrayal of the trials, tribulations, and triumphs of the 2006-2007 season exactly as it happened, Level 1 brings you Realtime, and captures the season as it unfolds for a crew of the biggest names and best up and coming talent in skiing.
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De Vere Golf
To keep up to date with the latest information at De Vere,
LIKE US on our Facebook page or FOLLOW US on Twitter for the latest news and competitions.
De Vere like to keep our members up to date with the latest offers with the members newsletter, released every month. But you can also view our Pro Tip and News page for current golfing tips from our professional golfers, and news worthy stories taking place around our golf locations.
For further information, offers or enquiries please email email@example.com and a member of our golf team will contact you shortly.


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If Paris is France's capital city, Burgundy with a plethora of tourist spots, shopping complexes, entertainment centers and ample accommodation options is the heart of France and self catering Burgundy accommodation is the best way to explore this region. A perfect location for a restful vacation, holiday rentals in Burgundy attract visitors with the enticing facilities they offer. Whatever your choice may be, Burgundy has all types of accommodation to suit your particular holiday requirements, from a holiday apartment in Cote d'Or to a self catering holiday cottage in Saone et Loire.
The Burgundy region of France has welcomed tourists for many years and it is well geared up in terms of the supply of French holiday rental accommodation, including studios, apartments, villas, duplexes, townhouses, gites, farmhouses and even chateaux, to provide you with perfect holiday accommodation facilities. Find a suitable self catering Burgundy holiday home and book direct with the owner. If you prefer self catering facilities there are plenty of choices, otherwise you can choose from bed and breakfast or hotel accommodation.
Lying midway between the Rhone valley and the long cereal plains of Northern France, Burgundy is well known for its wine and food. If you are foodie and prefer experimenting with different recipes, you could choose a Burgundy cottage or villa where you will get the opportunity to taste the local Burgundy delicacies.
Most of the farmhouses being located in the French rural regions offer you the real essence of rusticity and it is great to relish typical French food and wine while sitting amid a rustic setting in places like Yonne and Nievres. Visit these Burgundy farmhouses and go back with an authentic experience of rich French country traditions.
Most apartments in Burgundy are set amidst the bustling centre of Burgundy and they are designed to provide the visitors with optimum luxurious experience.
Whether you stay in a luxury Burgundy apartment or stay in a rural cottage, Burgundy promises lots of sports and entertainment activities to appeal to everyones taste. For you perfect holiday in France, why not book now and spend a longer looking forward to it.


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Recent Traveler Reviews
Here is a selection of the most recent reviews of the Verona and Lake Garda Day Trip from Milan submitted by actual travelers. Read what travelers liked, what they loved, and what they thought could be improved.
Love Verona and the boat trip at Lake Garda. The time allocated at Verona and Lake Garda was just nice.
Reviewed by: Ivy L, May 2013Very good.
Reviewed by: Beatriz B, January 2013Definitely worthwhile. My wife and I had been to borth Verona and Sirmione before, but wanted to return as both places are so picturesque. Not disappointed at all. Our local guide in Verona was very knowledgeable and enjoyed his work. The bus ride was pleasant, also...a brand new, comfortable bus!
Reviewed by: elguaposinpelo, November 2012Our guide in Verona is very knowledgable! Learned so much about Verona and will definitely go back. Lake Garda was a good place to relax and walk around.
Reviewed by: Fay C, September 2012Juilianna and the local guide were wonderful for this trip. Verona was a wonderful city to visit and a must see while in northern Italy. Lake Garda was beautiful even though it was violently windy after it had rained that day. I liked that there were only about 12 people on this trip. We had about 2 hours of free time in Verona as well which was a fantastic amount of time to wander around yourself after the tour.
Reviewed by: jem8032, September 2012This was an enjoyable daytrip from Milan which I highly recommend.
The tour company was brilliant and provided a very comfortable coach; both guides were friendly and knowledgeable.
There was plenty of free time in both Verona and Lake Garda for sightseeing, lunch and shopping which ensured an excellent day out with no complaints.
Verona is stunning as is lake Garda
Reviewed by: Hilary G, August 2012A very enjoyable day even though the weather wasn't kind to us.
Reviewed by: Colin S, Australia, July 2012Beautiful trip - Lake Garda was stunning! Tour guide was extremely knowledgeable of the Verona sights.
Reviewed by: Heather D, July 2012Great value for money. Excellent knowledgeable guides. Amazing scenery. HIghly recommend!!!
Reviewed by: Thomas M, April 2012


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PILL MILL INVESTIGATIONfrom Eyewitness News Online Former Mingo County Doctor Faces Sentencing In Pill Mill Probe Reported by: Deborah Linz Web Producer: Bethany Simmons Also Contributing: Associated Press Reported: Sep. 18, 2012 11:40 AM EDT Updated: Sep. 18, 2012 12:48 PM EDT
, Kanawha County
, West Virginia
A former West Virginia doctor is seeking probation after pleading guilty to negligently prescribing pain pills. Diane Shafer, 60, a longtime Mingo County physician, admits she prescribed pain and anti-anxiety pills to people she did not examine. Shafer left pre-signed prescription slips at her Williamson office for staff members to hand out. Prosecutors said she issued more controlled substance prescriptions over a seven-year period than some West Virginia hospitals. MORE NEWS FROM EYEWITNESS NEWS
How To Contact WCHS-TV8 | Privacy Policy | FCC Public File | Terms and Conditions | DMCA Policy | Frequently Asked Questions
Home | Eyewitness News Newsroom | Storm Team Weather | Eyewitness Sports | Schedules Send email to email@example.com for information or comments concerning WCHS-TV Eyewitness News. Copyright ©2013, WCHS-TV8. Portions are Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or distributed. |


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May 27 12 2:19 PM
May 27 12 2:32 PM
May 27 12 5:10 PM
Gojira wrote:So is James Whale warped and repugnant?
May 27 12 5:26 PM
May 27 12 5:32 PM
King Kong was Christ. Or at least he was a Christ figure in the 1933 RKO picture. . .Kong was the Savior. . .Kong is not a monster. He is Christ. King Kong died for our sins.
King Kong... stands in for common man. He has come to represent the lowest of man, the salt of the earth, the worker, strong and oppressed. He is not Superman. He is Everyman. He's not even man; he is removed from human experience. A higher being...
Jesus is seen as either just a man or just an evolved man.
May 27 12 5:36 PM
Liz wrote:What I DO find offensive (and frankly quite stupid) is that I read through all the replies here, and none of you, as far as I can tell, brought up the words "satire" or "satirical." This piece is SATIRICAL. A parody, even. Yeah, I wasn't a fan of the "I'm Nailed Right In" thing either, but to be completely honest, deep down I thought it was a bit funny.
May 27 12 7:00 PM
Count nails it (pun intended.)
That's about where I stand on the piece, and what I meant when I spoke earlier of the difference between chess and Old Maid. To really pull off satire/parody, you have to KNOW about your target - deeper than the level of shallow dismissal seen in this essay.You know what the writer's clumsy sneers about faith remind me of?The similarly hamfistedly superior comments about our beloved genre movies by "serious" film critics that many here have railed against for years!
May 27 12 7:41 PM
Again, generally but not always. Every chunk of waste doesn't merit its own public pedestal.
May 28 12 10:16 PM
May 29 12 12:57 AM
May 29 12 6:03 AM
May 29 12 8:52 AM
May 29 12 12:28 PM
Liz wrote:All right, I read through it again. Before I begin, let it be said that I am a proud, maybe not devout (I support gay rights and gay marriage), but proud, Catholic....Well, I made a promise to myself to never, ever post about religion or politics on this site, after I simply posted an opinion, once, and was pounced on..for no reason. And so, I am going to post this, mostly because I'm bored. However, no matter the responses, I will refuse to look again, as these debates only devolve into hatred. Question; How can one be a proud Catholic, yet not a devout one? Crude as a term as it is, that's cafeteria Catholicism. By "your" standards, you are proud....but that's the case with most of humanity. Regarding the need to include your preference for gay marriage, etc, it almost seems like you are apologizing for being Catholic, out of fear of being labeled a bigot or homophobic (a ridiculous assertion, no matter who makes it). I was brought up to believe, and still do, that couples should wait until marriage for sex. 3/4ths of my friends aren't Catholic and lived together before marriage. No one called me a bigot or worse...a heterophobe. This is what happens when I get bored, because no interesting monster posts or pics are being posted. I let myself get drawn in to arguments that will never be won, as people are firmly rooted in their beliefs, or lack of them (meaning all of us). Time for me to delete this site from my favorites list, and continue to get back to real life. And what I also find offensive is that as big horror fans, you can't draw the parallels between Kong and God. Kong is a God and once he gets to NY, is seen as one......I haven't read many other posts on this topic, as I know they would annoy me. But how is it that this is "offensive"? Amazing, ironic, interesting...but "offensive"? Either by choice or because I just prefer to enjoy my old monster movies on the surface, not digging for deep meaning, I have never drawn any parrallels between Kong and God. Certainly, the tribal people fear him and wish to appease him, but who sees Kong as a God in NY? Maybe I haven't seen the movie in a while, and missed the connection to an almighty being, versus a giant, money-making freak show.
May 29 12 2:28 PM
May 30 12 4:44 AM
May 30 12 8:48 AM
"Violent reactions"
"Well I come from a Secular country and I'm not a religious person, so I wouldn't allow myself to judge how offensive this text can be for one's belief."
May 30 12 9:36 AM
May 30 12 1:36 PM
Count Gamula wrote: I'm moving this to the Kong section where it obviously belongs.
May 30 12 2:50 PM
May 30 12 6:52 PM
Frankensteinhead wrote:WTF? Punctured Pilot? I'm the king of bad taste but even I think that this is offensive.
Gojira wrote:And this is another example of a writer mis-representing a movie: there is no sign about Kong's head. Oh, and it is Noble Johnson as the Chief who summons Kong, not Steve Clemento as the Witch King.
Gojira wrote:The Monster on the cross in Bride Of Frankenstein for one - the Christ reference there was definitely intentional.
Frankensteinhead wrote:What I find offensive about this is the snarkiness of tone that the writer uses; "I'm Nailed Right In", "Jesus Movies", "There is no Anti-Kong" . . .
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Displaying results 1 - 25 of 258 for redistricting commission. Subscribe to this search
The Independent Redistricting Commission will be getting another check from the state.
The share of tax dollars that actually wind up in Arizona classrooms slid again last year, to the lowest level in the 12 years the state has been monitoring.
The Independent Redistricting Commission is going to get the cash it needs, at least enough to get it through a trial set to begin next month.
Not everything that lawmakers are expected to deal with this session revolves around the big issues of the budget and gun control.
Members of the Independent Redistricting Commission want a federal court to block them from being questioned about the legislative maps they drew.
Andy Biggs (R), then Arizona's Senate majority leader, but recently selected to serve as the next Arizona Senate president, speaks during a meeting of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission last year.
Thanks to the Independent Redistricting Commission, we might see something done in Congress this year.
Thanks to the Independent Redistricting Commission, we might see something done in Congress this year.
A federal court is going to give Republicans a chance to argue that the state's 30 legislative districts should be redrawn for the 2014 election.
The Arizona Legislature will see a lot of fresh faces when its regular session begins in January.
Arizona has conducted its first general election using new congressional and legislative district maps, resulting in several excruciatingly tight congressional races as well as a handful of legislative contests that went undecided for more than a week after Election Day.
She's not out printing up bumper stickers and buttons — at least not yet.
For the first time in at least three tries, Arizona voters rejected a change to the electoral process billed as a reform.
Arizona Republicans are trying to keep control over both chambers of the Legislature in Tuesday's general election as the state uses districts newly redrawn under criteria that included fostering competition between the two major parties.
Editor's Note: These letters to the editor have been sorted by topic by the Tribune editorial staff in an effort to allow readers to read varied opinions on the issues, candidates, and other circumstances surrounding the 2012 general election. These submissions are the opinions of the author, not the Tribune, and have not been edited for grammar or content.
Editor's Note: These letters to the editor have been sorted by topic by the Tribune editorial staff in an effort to allow readers to read varied opinions on the issues, candidates, and other circumstances surrounding the 2012 general election. These submissions are the opinions of the author, not the Tribune, and have not been edited for grammar or content.
An attorney for Republican interests argued Wednesday that maps drawn just last year for the state's 30 legislative districts are illegal and should be scrapped.
Arizona Republicans hold two-thirds of the seats in both chambers of the Legislature after padding their majorities in 2010 as the party's wave swept across the nation. But those "supermajorities" that allowed them to vigorously pursue conservative courses on gun rights and other social issues appear to be on the line Nov. 6.
A judge on Tuesday threw out a bid by some Republicans to void the congressional lines drawn by the Independent Redistricting Commission, at least for the time being.
Proposition 115 has been clearly identified as a very bad ballot effort by the politicians to give the governor nearly complete control of judicial selection, effectively destroying the current "Merit Selection" system of selecting our appellate judges that is widely respected and copied. However, there has been less attention to what is perhaps a more ominous feature of Proposition 115: a new, broad power granted to the Legislature to hold formal investigations of any judge that is up for retention.
Voters who reside in more than 50 homes along the edge of Ahwatukee Foothills may be surprised to find they're not in the same congressional or legislative district as most of their neighbors.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. – Democrats are used to be being the stepchildren of Arizona politics.
Arizonans Disappointed With Election Results (ADWER) — an informal coalition which until now was not even named — are back on the ballot this November.
State lawmakers contend voters were legally powerless a dozen years ago to take away from them the power to draw congressional district lines.
With unofficial results in, it looks like former State Sen. Kyrsten Sinema will be on the November ballot for Congressional District 9.
Guest Commentary by Michael Carroll
Guest commentary by Phil Kerpen
By Mark Heller, Tribune
By Mark Scarp, contributing columnist
By Jerry Brown, contributing columnist
© Copyright 2013, East Valley Tribune, Tempe, AZ. [Terms of Use | Privacy Policy]
A Division of 10/13 Communications


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Unpaid deployments
Posted Nov 13, 2009 17:46 UTC (Fri) by corbet (editor, #1) [Link]
Posted Nov 13, 2009 18:13 UTC (Fri) by jspaleta (subscriber, #50639) [Link]
Is the unpaid to paid deployment for linux distributions a close parallel to parasite and host relationships in biological ecosystems? And if so which is the host and which is the parasite? And what is the nature of the relationship? Is it primarily symbiotic where both groups benefit? Is it parasitic where one group is harmed at the benefit of the other? Or is it mutual convenience where for the most part neither is harmed or helped by the other (until an environmental stressor puts one community under pressure and throws off the dynamic balance)
I think we all want to believe the nature of the relationship its symbiotic. But I'm not sure we have metrics which point out that it is. I certainly want to believe that non-paid deployments are beneficial long term. But then again, I'm probably part of the parasitic community and its difficult to convincing tell myself I'm causing harm for not paying for my deployments. As a species..we seem to have an inexhaustible capacity at denying our own accountability for harm if given half a chance to rationalize it away.
Posted Nov 13, 2009 19:51 UTC (Fri) by drag (subscriber, #31333) [Link]
Many businesses require paid support for contractual reasons, or as part of support package for applications, or for regulatory reasons. I think that some places have requirements that even if they are capable of supporting their own servers, they always hire out for support; there own admins are not allowed to touch the hardware.
So there are all sorts of reasons why people do support, but they paid the premium support costs for every little thing they want to use Linux on then that would be massively more expensive then just sticking with Unix or going with Windows.
As far as development goes.. for busy projects you really do need full time people to at least do coordinating and documentation, even if most of the development happens from third parties working part time.
So I expect it's heavily symbiotic.
Maybe when the market for Linux stagnates you might see some adversarial stuff going on, but as long as it all keeps growing then everybody should be happy.
Posted Nov 13, 2009 20:56 UTC (Fri) by Cato (subscriber, #7643) [Link]
In some ways CentOS is a perpetual 'free trial' for people who are more cost sensitive or want to deploy a new system very quickly, vs. people who need commercial support - when some CentOS users get more budget, maybe in a different company or somewhere that rapid support is worth paying for, they'll go RHEL. If CentOS was very different to RHEL this switch would be harder, and ultimately CentOS would be less valuable to Red Hat.
Posted Nov 13, 2009 21:13 UTC (Fri) by jspaleta (subscriber, #50639) [Link]
Posted Nov 14, 2009 0:27 UTC (Sat) by drag (subscriber, #31333) [Link]
Posted Dec 1, 2009 10:52 UTC (Tue) by robbe (guest, #16131) [Link]
I was under the impression that many (most?) of the Gartner/IDC/whatever studies are done this way.
Posted Dec 4, 2009 1:19 UTC (Fri) by dlang (✭ supporter ✭, #313) [Link]
over the last 10 years it hasn't been unusual to see a company pronounce that linux is junk and then learn that a lot of their datacenter infrastructure had been moved to linux without the senior management knowing about it.
the people who know how many systems are running linux are too busy getting work done to fill out this sort of thing
Posted Nov 16, 2009 16:31 UTC (Mon) by blitzkrieg3 (subscriber, #57873) [Link]
"If you asked me two years ago about the adoption of unpaid linux, I'd have said that it would mostly get converted to paid linux. That's not what happened."
The graph looked mostly linear for both. I could go into more detail but I believe he is going to post the slides somewhere.
Posted Nov 16, 2009 17:23 UTC (Mon) by jspaleta (subscriber, #50639) [Link]
-jef"pronouns kills"spaleta
Posted Nov 16, 2009 17:25 UTC (Mon) by blitzkrieg3 (subscriber, #57873) [Link]
Posted Nov 16, 2009 17:42 UTC (Mon) by jspaleta (subscriber, #50639) [Link]
Notes from the LF End User Summit
Posted Nov 14, 2009 6:51 UTC (Sat) by ldarby (subscriber, #41318) [Link]
That's pretty much the same argument as downloading music without paying for it increases the exposure of that artist and therefor their revenues. I do agree that the lack of metrics makes if hard/impossible to see what the truth is.
Posted Nov 16, 2009 16:26 UTC (Mon) by dark (subscriber, #8483) [Link]
The "Macaulay on copyright law" piece is worth reading, anyway.
Posted Nov 16, 2009 20:12 UTC (Mon) by jspaleta (subscriber, #50639) [Link]
The conclusions that can be drawn from the Baen Free Library experiment are not directly applicable for the computer software market in general and certainly not the linux operating system market aimed at business end-users like the ones at the LF End User Summit.
The market dynamics for operating system software are intrinsically different than what fiction book authors are presented with. For books and music.. older works still hold a significant amount of value for both the producer and the consumer. When a new reader "discovers" an author there's a reasonable chance that new reader will want to experience some or all of the authors older works...not just the latest book. That doesn't happen for linux distributions or for most categories of software. If your first experience with OpenOffice is version 2.0 there's very little chance you'll choose to go back and use OpenOffice 1.x unless your forced to for some bizarre technical reason.
By and large software releases are about incremental improvements... not completely new works... and thus the back catelog ecnomics just don't exist. The only area of software that has the same sort of back catalog value dynamics which drive the economic feedback that makes the Baen Free Library worthwhile for authors are software games titles.. and that's pretty much out of scope for the discussion at hand. We aren't talking about unpaid deployments of software games. No for operating system deployments we don't have any metric driven picture of how unpaid versus paid deployments really impact the market... and Eric Flint's metrics for book authors participating in free library activities don't map over.
Copyright © 2013, Eklektix, Inc. Comments and public postings are copyrighted by their creators. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds


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The Moral Dilemma
Fishing can be a source of great memories or profound emotional trauma.
Do not let these concerns about mistreatment preempt your manifest destiny of fishing; you need to understand the whole picture. Fish are evil. Not only are they constantly scheming cruel deeds, they also absolutely hate us. There is nothing in the tiny heart of a fish but malice for those who live outside the water. Should fish ever become capable of it you can rest assured they would burn our cities to the ground, murder us wholesale in our homes, and laugh as their untold legions usher in a new era of fish dominance. Remember this when you are fishing and you pull up that trout. Look into its eyes, for within those alien orbs is a malice so complete that it's a wonder a gutted fish is not black.
Step One: Gear Up For Battle
Tying a piece of string to a stick and putting gum on the end is no longer a viable option when going toe to toe with the cosmopolitan fish of the 21st century. You need to spend thousands of dollars on high end reels, specialty lines, all manner of lure, and many other expensive gadgets to help you overcome your prey. Remember that when you hunt the fish it is hunting you. Together you are a pair of opponents circling, each looking for the weakness of the other. Get out the check book, fire up those credit cards, because it's time to go shopping.
Those are the basics but that's not all you need to buy before you can get started. Let's move on to the fine art of picking the correct bait to suit your needs.A Boat - Sometimes you won't actually need a boat to fish. You can just stand next to water and actually throw your fishing junk into the water and the fish will get caught that way. Other times you have to go out into the water and that's where a boat enters the equation. Boats are designed to carry people across water without drowning them. They are sort of like submerging your feet into concrete filled buckets only the exact opposite of that. When it comes to selecting the right boat for your fishing needs you need to factor in where you plan to fish. For example if you planned on fishing in a placid river or pond you would only need a row boat or canoe, whereas if you planned on fishing in the liquid oxygen seas of Neptune you would need a pressurized vessel shielded against low temperatures.
I'm assuming this fish-invisible man has lost his floppy hat.Some Fishing Poles - Fishing poles are the long fiberglass thing that you put the fishing string and hook onto. They're sort of like a high tech stick and not all fishing poles are made equal. Shop around and find one that feels comfortable for you to use and fulfills your requirements as to what you intend to catch. If you can't find a fishing pole that feels right then a loaded revolver will serve as an adequate substitute. You just have to alter your methods slightly when fishing.
Fishing String - Much like poles the fishing string you will need is determined by what suits your needs best and what you will be attempting to catch. Fishing string comes in various sizes called "tests". I have no idea what that means but you can generally tell how strong fishing string is by how thick it is. Remember that some fish reach sizes of like a mile long and a billion pounds, so if you're going to go fishing for the biggest fish ever you're going to need a braided steel fishing cable at least as thick as a bus.
A Tackle Box - Think of a tackle box as your lunch box containing a lunch you have to catch yourself. Sort of like a box containing a magical hamburger that escapes whenever you open the top and you have to chase it down. I had a dream about that once, but after all the effort of catching the magical hamburger I'll tell you what; I ate like a goddamn king! Some tackle boxes even have enough room for a thermos and an apple, further reinforcing this concept. You put things like your hooks, lures, and bullets in here. You can put other stuff in here too if you want. My tackle box is full of batteries and ants and I don't know where the ants keep coming from but we're a team now and where I go they go.
Fishing Clothes - Just like any sport fishing has a uniform. You should start out by buying a floppy hat and putting a bunch of random crap out of your tackle box onto it. Mine is covered with batteries and ants. Once you have the hat the rest of the outfit should fall into place. If you're going for the casual fisherman look you should get a vest with a lot of pockets so that you can store lures and really small fish you catch in them. If you want to be all business then get camouflage coveralls from a hunting store. Fish don't see in color and they can barely see outside of the water at all, but this will help disguise you from deer and wolves that hate it when people fish. I don't know why, it's just this thing they have a problem with.
Reels - The reel is the box you stick onto your fishing pole that contains all the fishing string you bought in a "spool" or "pile". Reels are all the same so just get the absolute cheapest one you can find.
A Fishing License - In this crazy modern workaday world the government doesn't want any terrorists or Mexicans stealing our fish so they force you to get a fishing license. Fortunately, most park rangers and game wardens don't follow the rules very closely on this one so even a token effort is sufficient. My fishing license consists of a Blockbuster Video card with "OK: CAN FISH" written on it with permanent marker. It raises a lot of questions when I go to rent my Spanish language workout videos on Tuesdays but the game wardens just nod and smile and sometimes try to feel you up if you aren't careful.