text:
One way of dealing with the problem of how to display so much sequence information is to have a look at the whole chromosome at once, smoothing over a large window. The entire bacterial chromosome is displayed as a circle, with different colours representing various parameters. First, as an introduction to atlases, we will look at the ``Genome Atlas'', which maps properties of the DNA sequence along the chromosome. For more information, the "DNA Structural Atlas" is described in Pedersen et al., 2000, and the "Genome Atlas" is a combination of the Structural Atlas plus information about global repeats and base-composition (Jensen, Friis, and Ussery, 1999).
After an introduction to atlases and a discussion of global properties of whole genomes, we will then have a look at localisation of chromatin-associated protein binding sites, and finally at the levels of expression of mRNA and proteins throghout the chromosome. As examples, I will use my very favourite organism, Escherichia coli K-12.
There are several things to notice in this plot. First, in the words of Douglas Adams, ``Don't Panic!''. It's not that bad, really! Once you get used to looking at atlases, they can be a very useful tool for visualising information about DNA sequences in whole genomes. The scales are plotted with the genome average values grey, and the extreme values (more than 3 standard deviations from average) are strongly coloured. Thus you don't SEE the "average" values, but only the regions which differ significantly from the average.
There are three different types of information in a genome atlas. The first (which is the outer-most three circles) are mapping DNA structural/mechanical properties. This is followed by an annotation circle, showing where the annotated genes are located. The next two circles (blue and red) are global repeats (blue is direct repeats, and red is inverted repeats). Finally, the inner-most two circles contain base-composition information, about the GC-skew (purple/turquoise) and AT content (turquoise/red). A description of the Genome Atlas for E. coli shown here will be given below. In addition, here is a link to a web page giving a more detailed description of the Genome Atlas:
DNA Mechanical/Structural Properties (outer three circles)
The outermost circle (orange to blue) shows the relative magnitude of DNA curvature, smoothed over a large window. Note that in the E. coli K-12 genome, there are several dark blue regions, indicating areas which are much more curved than the average (grey), and that there are relatively few regions which are LESS curved than average (e.g., dark orange). Also note that in general the region around the replication terminus is more curved (bluish) than the region around the origin (greyish).
The second circle is the stacking energy, in kcal/mol. Less stacking energy (e.g., a smaller number) means that the helix will melt more readily, and is shaded red. This is correlated with (but not quite the same as) the AT content. Note that there are several regions which are dark red, indicating they will melt quite readily. For example, see the region around the rfaJ gene, near the replication origin. Again, note that there are more red regions (e.g., regions which would melt more easily) than there are green regions (which are more difficult to melt). The distribution for stacking energy is also skewed.
The third circle is ``position preference'', which is related to the flexibility of the DNA. The scale is such that green regions are MORE FLEXIBLE, whilst violet regions are more rigid. There seems to be a fairly good correlation between flexible (``green'') regions and clusters of highly expressed genes.
All of this is described in more detail elsewhere, as well as in our "DNA Structural Atlas" paper (see the paper by Pedersen et al.in the references below).
Annotation circle
Usually, the GenBank files for sequenced genomes will contain locations of predicted genes. The genes going in the ``forward'' (clockwise) direction are blue, whilst genes on the other strand are red. Also, rRNA and tRNA genes are shown, although for most bacterial chromosomes, the tRNA genes are too small. Notice that in the E. coli K-12 genome, the seven rRNA genes light up with distinctive structural features - they are generally more GC-rich, more flexible (and of course more highly expressed) and are repeated throughout the chromosome.
Global DNA Repeat circles
There are many different ways of calculating repeats. For the Genome Atlas plots, "Global Direct Repeats" are obtained from a blast search of the genome against itself. Only matches of 100 bp or longer are counted. The (obvious) perfect match of the genome to itself is taken away, and the rest of the best matches are recorded along the length of the chromosome. The scale is the log of the expectation score or ``E value''. Thus, a value of 9 or greater is very significant (e.g., more than 1 in 1,000,000,000).
The inverted repeats is calculated in the same way, but only the hits on the opposite strand are taken into consideration. Note that there are far fewer significant hits on the other strand. This is true for many bacterial genomes, although in eukaryotic chromosomes, the global inverted repeats is often equal to the global direct repeats.
Base-Compostion circles
The inner-most two circles contain information about the base-composition of the genome, smoothed over a large window. The ``GC-skew'' is simply the number of G's minus the number of C's, over a 10,000 bp window. Thus, if there are more G's than C's, a positive number results (turquoise), whilst more C's than G's, will result in a negative number (violet). This can be useful in visualising the replication origin and terminus.
The inner-most circle is the percent AT. In the case of E. coli, which is nearly 50% AT content, on average, the scale goes from 45% (turquoise) to 55% (red).
Similar patterns can be seen in Genome Atlases for the other three Escherichia coli chromosomes which have been sequenced (so far!), as shown in the table below. The global repeats can be used as "fingerprints" to see differences in closely related genomes - for example, have a look around the rpoD gene in the two K-12 strains, to see some repeats present in one isolate that is missing in the other.
Organism | %AT | Size (bp) | Number of genes |
Coding density |
Reference |
Escherichia coli Strain: K-12, isolate W3110 DDBJ NCBI tax |
49 | 4,636,552 | Genome Atlas | 4085 | 79% |
- |
Escherichia coli Strain: K-12, isolate MG1655 U. Wisconsin TIGR cmr NCBI tax NCBI entrez |
49 | 4,639,221 | Genome Atlas | 4397 | 87% |
Science 277:1453-1474 September, 1997 [PubMed] |
Escherichia coli Strain: O157:H7 (substrain EDL93) U. Wisconsin NCBI tax NCBI entrez |
49 | 5,529,376 | Genome Atlas | 5283 | 86% |
Nature 409:529-533 January, 2001 [PubMed] |
Escherichia coli Strain: O157:H7 (substrain RIMD 0509952) DDBJ NCBI tax NCBI entrez |
49 | 5,498,450 | Genome Atlas | 5361 | 88% |
DNA Res. 8:11-22 February, 2001 [PubMed] |
In addition to showing overall global properties of the chromosome (such as replication origin and terminus), the Genome Atlas can also highlight regions different from the rest of the genome. For example, in the plasmid pO157, there are some regions which are much more AT rich (probably these came about as a result of horizontal gene transfer - I didn't have time to discuss this in very much detail during the lecture...)
Note that the marked genes are different from the other genes. For example, the ``L7095'' gene (upper left-hand side) is more curved, readily melted and rigid than the average for the 92,000 bp plasmid. In addition, it is flanked by two inverted repeats (which turn out to be Insertion Sequence or IS elements). Furthermore, this gene is much more AT rich than the average for the rest of the plasmid. This COULD be due to the fact that this gene came from an organism with a more AT rich genome, or (more likely in my opinion) it is more AT rich because it is important for this gene to vary in sequence (e.g., have a higher mutational frequencey).
There are about a dozen chromatin proteins in E. coli, most of which can be quite abundant (around 200,000 molecules per cell!) at some time during growth. However, there are four well characterised proteins, shown below. Two of these (i.e., Fis and IHF have been experimentally shown to have a fairly specific binding motif.
By using the data from more than 100 experimentally determined IHF binding sites (footprints), we have determined the following sequence preference. This is a ``logo plot''. More information about how to interpret logo plots can be found on Tom Schneider's web pages.
Using this model of the IHF binding sites, we found roughly 1000 potential IHF sites in the E. coli genome. In addition to the general IHF site, there is also certain IHF binding sites which occur within REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic) sequences, of which we predicted about 175 sites (essentially we found the same 88 that had previously been predicted by another group, and another 87 sites on the other strand of DNA which had been missed in the previous study!). We also found roughly 6000 potential FIS sites. The location of these sites, colour-coded for reliability score, is shown in the atlas below.
Although the binding sites are scattered throughout the genome, there appears to be certain regions of higher concentrations or "clumping" of the sites, rather than a homogeneous distribution. This can be more readily visualised by a smoothed version of the same atlas (the data in the figure below was smoothed over a 100,000 bp window).
Link to more information about these plots and other chromatin protein binding sites in the E. coli genome.
Note that there seems to be some regions of the chromosome which have relatively fewer chromatin protein binding sites. Some of the regions (particularly around the replication origin) with less dense IHF protein binding sites occur in more flexible regions of the chromosome, based on the "position preference" measure, which is related to anisotropic flexibility of the DNA. The IHF-REP sites seem to be concentrated in a few regions closer to the replication orgin, and less abundant in the terminus regions. The Fis binding sites appear to be concentrated in two regions flanking the replication terminus.
Escherichia coli is probably the best characterised organism.
some numbers:
There are 4085 predicted genes in Escherichia coli strain K-12 isolate W3110.
There are 4289 predicted genes in Escherichia coli strain K-12 isolate MG1665.
There are 5283 predicted genes in Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 isolate EDL933 (enterohemorrhagic pathogen).
There are about 5361 predicted genes in Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 substrain RIMD 0509952 (enterohemorrhagic pathogen).
Roughly 2600 genes have been found to be expressed in Escherichia coli strain K-12 cells, under standard laboratory growth conditions.
About 2100 spots can be seen on 2-D protein gels.
Very roughly 1000 different genes (only about 600 mRNA transcripts) are expressed at "detectable levels" in E. coli cells grown in LB media.
Only about 350 proteins exist at concentrations of > 100 copies per cell. (These make up 90% of the total protein in E.coli!)
Most (>90%) of the proteins are present in very low amounts (less than 100 copies per cell).
It has been known since the 1960's that genes closer to the replication origin are more highly expressed. However, it has only been in the past few years that technology has allowed the simultaneous monitoring of ALL the genes in Escherichia coli. There are 4397 annotated genes in the E. coli K-12 genome. Shown below is an "Atlas plot" of the E. coli K-12 genome, with the outer circle representing the concentration of proteins (roughly in number of molecules/cell) and mRNA (again, roughly number of molecules/cell). Under these conditions (e.g., cells grown to late log phase, in minimal media), there were 2005 genes expressed at detectable levels, and only 233 proteins have been found to exist in "abundant" conditions (e.g., very roughly more than 100 molecules per cell).
For E. coli K-12 cells, grown in minimal media to late log phase:
4397 annotated genes -> 2005 mRNAs expressed -> 233 abundant proteins
(note that these numbers will vary for different experimental conditions....)
In this picture, the outer lane represents the concentration of proteins (blue), the next lane the concentration of mRNA (green), and then the annotated genes.
The inner three circles represent different aspects of the DNA base composition throughout the genome. The innermost circle (turquoise/violet) is the bias of G's towards one strand or the other (that is, a look at the mono-nucleotide distribution of the 4 DNA bases). The next lane is the density of stretches of purine (or pyrimidine) stretches of 10 bp or longer. Note that in both cases purines tend to favour the leading strand of the replicore, whilst pyrimidine tracts are more likely to occur on the lagging strand. Finally, the next circle (turquoise/red) is simply the AT content of the genome, averaged over a 50,000 bp window. Note that the terminus is slightly more AT rich, whilst the rest of the genome is slightly GC rich. (The AT content scale ranges from 45% to 55%).
Link to more atlases for Escherichia coli genomes.
Link to the main "Genome Atlas" web page for Bacterial Genomes
Link to the main "Genome Atlas" web page for Archaeal Genomes
Li, "Molecular Evolution",
(Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA,
"What is Life?" by Erwin Schrödinger (Cambridge University Press, 1944)
"What is Life? The Next Fifty Years - Speculations on the Future of Biology" (edited by Michael P. Murphey and Luke A.J. O'Neill, Cambridge University Press, 1995.)
"At Home in the Universe - The Search for the Laws of Self-organization and Complexity", by Stuart Kauffman (Oxford University Press, 1995).
"THE LOGIC OF LIFE - A History of Heredity", by Francois Jacob (Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, New York, 1973, translated by Betty E. Spillman).
"EVOLUTION as
ENTROPY - Toward a Unified Theory of Biology (by Daniel R. Brooks and E.O.
Wiley, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988 (2nd. Edition)).
Photocopies of the following articles are provided in the course programme:
Other related articles:
Link to a list of recent papers and talks on DNA structures.
Watson, James D. "A PASSION FOR DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society", (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000). Amazon Barnes&Noble
Sinden, Richard R., "DNA: STRUCTURE and FUNCTION", (Academic Press, New York, 1994). Amazon Barnes&Noble
Calladine,C.R., Drew,H.R., "Understanding DNA: The Molecule and How It Works", (2nd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1997). Amazon Barnes&Noble
A List of more than a thousand books about DNA
Last modified Thursday, 18 April, 2002 by David Ussery


text:
Trevor Nigel Frederick Crick age 72. It is with sadness that we announce the passing of our father friend and teacher. Trevor was a professor at WLU and University of Detroit Mercy where he won student respect while developing future business leaders. In retirement he took on many business challenges developing his lifelong passion of business management. Socially he enjoyed the company of friends at various gatherings throughout the United States. Trevor met his medical challenges head on. The family thanks the staff at Henry Ford Hospital for their ongoing support and care. Trevor will be missed by family and friends. A Memorial will be held Friday from 2-4 p.m. at Spaulding & Curtin Funeral Directors 500 W. Nine Mile Rd. Ferndale. Friends are welcome to share a cup of tea and celebrate Trevor's life. Tribute donations are being accepted by Gilda's Club of Metro Detroit. www.spauldingcurtin.com
Published in Daily Tribune on April 28 2011.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have been living on Eastwood Blvd in Manalapan for 26 years and it has always been a beautiful, quiet residential street. However, in the past two years, we have been dealing with a neighbor who insists on parking his commercial van on our street even though he knows that his neighbors are unhappy about it. How does he know? We have spoken to him, sent him a certified letter expressing our displeasure, called the police, and contacted the Manalapan Township's Department of Zoning/Enforcement. Still we have to see the truck with his business' logo in large and bright colors every day parked in front of his house.
The township ordinance prohibits the parking of trucks on private property and on residential streets with the following exceptions: (1) any motor vehicle having no more than four wheels or tires, one on each axle, and (2) vehicles which are actively engaged in loading or unloading of persons, goods, wares or merchandise and/or vehicles which are actively engaged in the performance of a service.
I believe that Manalapan Township needs to re-visit and amend their ordinance so that, even if a motor vehicle has "no more than four wheels or tires, one on each axle" and it is not "actively engaged in the unloading of persons, goods, wares or merchandise" or is "actively engaged in the performance of a service" but it is clearly a commercial vehicle with business advertising on it, that commercial vehicle should not be allowed to park on any residential street.
We must take steps to preserve Manalapan's residential streets so that they do not turn into an advertisement for businesses. Unfortunately, as of now, we on Eastwood Blvd are just going to have to deal with an "un-neighborly" neighbor living among us.
4:26 pm on Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Just curious....how would you you feel about your neighbor parking that same vehicle in their driveway? What is your stance on that?
4:27 pm on Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Unfortunately, that is not legal in Manalapan. They are allowed to park on the street but not on private property, which includes driveways, grass, etc. The neighbors would not be opposed to that if it were a possibility.
12:20 am on Thursday, February 21, 2013
With all the problems in this world,why would you all be so concerned about a neighbor parking his commercial vehicle on the street. He is a working man providing for his family. He is not making loud noises or upsetting the quality of life for the block.Why not mind your business or maybe get a job or hobby to take up your time and not burden the township with non important issues.
8:49 am on Thursday, February 21, 2013
Isn't overnight parking on the street banned for the winter through March?
9:23 am on Thursday, February 21, 2013
Yes, but only between the hours of 2AM and 6AM
10:28 am on Thursday, February 21, 2013
How awful. Oh my oh my. I don't know how you can put up with such a horrible transgression to your quality of life. Perhaps the neighbor's business is a shade installer and he could put some in your windows. Go find something importatnt to devote your time to instead of harrassing someone who contributes to the economy and presumably pays taxes on his business.
11:41 am on Thursday, February 21, 2013
It is interesting that these comments involve people criticizing you for how you want to live in your neighborhood. Yet, these same people are criticizing your life. Who are you to assume that this is not a hard working individual ? Maybe she contributes and works hard for her family too. Commercial vehicles on a small residential street can not only be dangerous as they take up significant space in the road but our resdential streets should not be used for advertisement. Lets all be neighborly here and not jump to conclusions and treat each other with respect. That neighbor with the vehicle was asked respectfully by his neighborhood community and not just this writer to move his vehicle . He parks it across from someone else's driveway, and on a curve that's hard to see around. So yes, the quality of life on the block is being threatened and many of the neighbors are having issues with this. Instead of being judgmental of other people's lives lets all try to create one community that is respectful of everyone else. That is what the real issue here is. We are all hard working people who contribute equally to making Manalapan the place we all love to live. We should all be able to go home to a pleasant looking and safe neighborhood.
12:06 pm on Thursday, February 21, 2013
"...a neighbor who insists on parking his commercial van..."
According to NJSA Title 39, Section 1-1, the only time a "van" is defined is when it is used for commuter vanpooling. Otherwise, it is simply defined as a "vehicle," which fits the following definition: "every device in, upon or by which a person or property is or may be transported upon a highway, excepting devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks or motorized bicycles." As the same section defines a "truck" as "every motor vehicle designed, used, or maintained primarily for the transportation of property," the offending vehicle, because it is unknown what exactly it transports, is to be classified as a "commercial vehicle," which is defined thusly: "every type of motor-driven vehicle used for commercial purposes on the highways, such as the transportation of goods, wares and merchandise, excepting such vehicles as are run only upon rails or tracks and vehicles of the passenger car type used for touring purposes or the carrying of farm products and milk, as the case may be." Therefore, the offending vehicle is not a "truck," but is a "vehicle" that is part of a sub-class called a "commercial motor vehicle." The township ordinance pertains to "trucks" and not "commercial motor vehicles."
Additionally, as the ordinance allows for the parking of any motor vehicle having no more than four wheels or tires, one on each axle (thereby excluding "trucks"), he is parking legally.
12:54 pm on Thursday, February 21, 2013
You are correct and the legality of his parking on the street is not in question. What I am requesting is that the Township review and "amend their ordinance so that, even if a motor vehicle has "no more than four wheels or tires, one on each axle" and it is not "actively engaged in the unloading of persons, goods, wares or merchandise" or is "actively engaged in the performance of a service" but it is clearly a commercial vehicle with business advertising on it, that commercial vehicle should not be allowed to park on any residential street."
Manalapan Resident
1:06 pm on Thursday, February 21, 2013
I know exactly how these people feel. My neighbor accross the street periodically parks his businesses box truck directly accross the street from my driveway in clear violation of the development and the town rules. it is extremely dangerous. there are cars that fly thru the streets at 45 mph or more and come close to hitting me every time i try to back out of my driveway and try to avoid hitting this box truck. my neighbor parks the truck in that particular spot on purpose to cause trouble.
1:19 pm on Thursday, February 21, 2013
I feel your pain. There are lots of people who have told me similar stories. Our neighbor's commercial vehicle is parked there every day after work and all day on weekends, regardless of the weather. In our case, we do not believe that our neighbor is doing this to be vindictive or trying to cause trouble. But that does not make it any less troublesome for the residents who are affected by it. We can only hope that Manalapan Township will act upon this request. Anyone who agrees with this amendment should e-mail Mayor Susan Cohen at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Col. Forbin
11:07 am on Friday, February 22, 2013
Considering ordinances that regulate commercial vehicle parking exist to preserve and maintain the residential character of township neighborhoods, the wording of the ordinance in question fails in this regard as it permits the parking of four-wheeled billboards on our township's public residential streets. Further, if the owner of the vehicle were to park the large vehicle directly in front of his property, he would be directly opposite the driveway of the house across the street. If he were to park so as to avoid parking opposite driveways, he would have to park his large, unsightly vehicle down the street, in front of someone else's house. This problem illustrates the limitations of residential neighborhoods to accommodate the parking of large (four-wheeled) commercial vehicles, which township ordinances currently fail to prohibit. The township ought to review this.
11:15 am on Friday, February 22, 2013
Agreed. That is what we are trying to accomplish. Thank you for your support.
10:25 pm on Friday, May 17, 2013
I feel your pain. My neighbor drives a commercial vehicle and every day I am awakened by the back up beeps of his truck. It sucks.
8:25 am on Saturday, May 18, 2013
I have written many e-mails to the mayor of Manalapan, including pictures of the van on the street. The response I received was that letting vans park on the street was "in the best interests of all the residents." When I questioned that
response, she clarified by saying that "the majority of people want the commercial vehicles on the street rather than the driveways." I wonder who "the majority" of people are and whether or not the township has truly polled its residents (I certainly doubt that). If enough Manalapan residents who were affected by this wrote to the mayor at email@example.com and alerted them to their displeasure, perhaps something could get done.


text:
Such consumer waste products, if carelessly managed, can and frequently do, create environmental and public health hazards.
Consumers can transport a maximum of 15 gallons or 125 pounds per trip.
Any CESQG, and any resident, can transport (legally) up to 55 gallons at a time to an oil recycling collection site where they have pre-arranged for the delivery. This only makes sense where there is a "wand" and pump at the receiving site. Please call before you go to any recycling location.
Examples of Household Hazardous Waste items include the following:
Please keep in original containers if possiblePack carefully so items will not spill or mix.
Call for appointment 707 437-8971.
BBQ-size propane tank need to be taken to Potrero Hills Landfill and must be empty.


text:
Dark clouds loom over Marlins Park before a spring training game against the Miami Hurricanes and the Miami Marlins. Credit: Steve Mitchell-US PRESSWIRE
21 Total Updates since November 8, 2011
3 months ago Article 18 comments
Turns out that ownership might actually care, which might be even worse than greedy indifference.
about 1 year ago Article 5 comments
There's been some expressed concern that the Miami Marlins' colorful home-run feature in the outfield could be a distraction for batters. Let's investigate with words and pictures.
about 1 year ago Update 2 comments
Miami Marlins president David Samson spoke before a group of Miami businesspersons on Tuesday, and according to Miami Today, it was something of a George Carlin rant without the humor.
"I don't have to hold back now that the stadium is built — not that I ever have," Mr. Samson said while addressing a group of about 75 people who came to hear him speak at a Beacon Council breakfast meeting.
And he didn't hold back, calling politicians stupid, declaring that "we're not the smartest people in Miami," and revealing that Jose Reyes would have signed with any team that was willing to pay him the most.
The Miami New Times channeled its inner Milo Bloom when they opened their article on the talk with "In a smarmy speech before a group of Miami business leaders ..." It was, by all accounts, an unexpectedly candid speech.
It seems that Samson's major bone of contention had to do with the criticism of how Marlins Park was paid for. But now that the park is built and the flamingos are a go, there's no reason to be coy, apparently.
about 1 year ago Article 19 comments
Thanks to a FanFest and an exhibition game against the Miami Hurricanes, there are a lot of pictures out there now of an almost-completed Marlins Park. Here are some first impressions ...
about 1 year ago Article 9 comments
The new Marlins Park might change offense significantly in south Florida. What will it do to sluggers like Giancarlo Stanton?
about 1 year ago Article 24 comments
The Marlins have spent a lot of money, and received a lot of attention, for the kitschy home run structure in their new stadium. A month before Opening Day, though, there's a potential problem.
about 1 year ago Article 10 comments
The Miami Marlins aren't giving out raises this year for their pre-arbitration players. Times are tough.
over 1 year ago Update 2 comments
Amazin' Avenue's James Kannengieser rises to the defense:
The consensus seems to be that Marlins Ballpark's home run celebration machine is tacky, over-the-top, nonsensical and just plain awful. All of those adjectives are accurate, except for "awful", which should be replaced with "awesome."
I want to hate all things Marlins -- especially considering the crony capitalism and theft of citizens' dollars which were integral for building Marlins Ballpark -- but I have to admire the home run celebration machine for the absurd spectacle that is is. Do I want every team erecting their own? Not necessarily, but some fresh architectural and attraction ideas in MLB would be welcome. I have lofty expectations for the Mercury Mets' stadium.
So here's hoping for further innovation in stadium design. And also an epic letdown of a season from a team managed by a guy who regularly tweets things like this.
Not necessarily every team? I think we have an early leader in the battle for Understatement of the Decade.
Seriously, I can see Kannengieser's point. It is refreshing to see something unique in a new ballpark. And the Marlins' home-run feature does seem of a piece with the more garish aspects of Miami's heritage.
But I'll say what I've (probably) said before: This thing is just too big, too garish. It'll be a lot of fun -- for both the ironists and the regular people -- for a year or so, but will wear out its welcome relatively quickly. If the damned thing weren't so expensive, I would give it a year, or two at most. But since the Marlins -- well, actually the region's taxpayers -- have "invested" $2.5 million on the damned thing, it will probably last for at least as long as Jeffrey Loria remains the owner.
over 1 year ago Article 84 comments
Wondering how big the Marlins' home-run feature really is? Thanks to a webcam tracking the progress of the construction, we now have a sense of perspective.
over 1 year ago Update 1 comment
Over the weekend, I wrote an article titled "The Miami Marlins Are The Worst Thing Ever", detailing my dislike for all things Marlins.
Admittedly, the headline was a bit over the top. "Why I Hate The Miami Marlins" might have been a better introduction to the idea.
Michael Jong, proprietor of SB Nation's Marlins blog Fish Stripes, penned a response to my feature, called The Miami Marlins Are Not The Worst Thing Ever, which is a reasonable reply coming from a Marlins fan.
In it, he admits that quite a bit of what I wrote is true, particularly the section about Marlins owner Jeffrey Loria:
A lot of the Marlins hate is centered around Loria. When it comes to reprehensible owners, Loria fits the bill perfectly. He orchestrated the second-worst fire sale in the team's history. He deflated payroll an enormous amount. He claimed poverty and swindled tax money from the city of Miami to pay for a stadium. Prior to this, he bullied the Montreal Expos with threats of relocation before getting subsidized to escape Montreal and buy the Marlins, I mean, this is a terrible rap sheet.
He then makes some excuses for Loria holding up the city of Miami for a new stadium, saying:
But rare is the owner that does not bully their city to fund them a stadium. It is happening in Oakland. It happened in Washington. It may not come in as strong-armed a fashion as it did in Miami, but sports owners almost inevitably get their publicly-funded stadiums, and Loria's case is just the latest case of that happening.
So, essentially, it's a case of "everyone does it, don't hate on us." Which, again, isn't unreasonable. Jong sums up by saying:
The truth is that the Marlins will never look good to outsiders, especially those who hold a fan's perspective rather than an objective outlook.
Absolutely true. I almost feel bad now, since he was so reasonable. Almost.
over 1 year ago Article 192 comments
Oh, sure, their shiny new stadium looks nice from the outside. But beginning this April, it will host the most reprehensible franchise in baseball.
over 1 year ago Article 1 comment
An investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission is serious business. Here's the skinny on how investigations work and how it might affect the Miami Marlins.
over 1 year ago Article 33 comments
In a somewhat shocking twist, the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission is investigating the Miami Marlins' efforts to garner political support for the financing of their new ballpark.
over 1 year ago Article 38 comments
After months of guesses and speculation, the Miami Marlins officially unveiled their new logo and uniforms in a private ceremony.
over 1 year ago Article 15 comments
Friday night, the Miami Marlins will reveal their official new logo and uniforms, but, as should come as no surprise, we've already got our hands on leaked images.
over 1 year ago Article 5 comments
The Miami Marlins are hosting Albert Pujols for a free-agent visit this weekend. What would the world be like if they actually signed him?
over 1 year ago Article 34 comments
The Marlins may be leaving their football stadium's orange seats, but they're taking the color with them in another way. Unfortunately.
over 1 year ago Article 134 comments
Did you have a good laugh about the new Marlins' logo? Yeah? Pretty funny, for sure. But it gets worse.
over 1 year ago Article 32 comments
The Marlins' old logo was actually pretty good. But they've got a new name and a new ballpark, so the old logo has to go. Unfortunately, the new logo will actually cause serious retinal injuries.
over 1 year ago Article 22 comments
A logo rumored to be the soon-to-be-Miami Marlins' new logo has surfaced, and it's... well, it's strange-looking. But it's not as bad as it could be. Here are five mock-ups that could possibly be worse.
over 1 year ago Commentary 9 comments


text:
When the email arrived inviting me to join friends at a guided-painting event, I hesitated to reply. My sister – an accomplished printmaker and book artist living in Minneapolis – would be in town, and I worried that she wouldn't want to spend an evening "learning" how to paint.
At the same time, I thought it might be fun to have a "girls' night out," which would involve wine and appetizers in addition to creating a canvas. What's more, the event was a fundraiser for the local Boys & Girls Club, so we would be supporting a good cause.
My sister was game, so off we went to the Canvas! Paint and Sip studio in Kirkland on Sunday evening.
A lively, young instructor would be guiding us in replicating a lovely "Sunflowers" painting. She first gave a few pointers for mixing paints and using brushes, and then led us in covering our canvasses with a background color. Three of my friends mixed aqua, as instructed, and my sister created a lovely deep blue. Two other guests selected a different painting to replicate, so worked on a cream-colored base.
I decided to match my artwork to my home, which includes several burnt-sienna (remember your Crayolas?) walls. Thinking I would make a bold artistic statement, I mixed yellow, orange, white and a little blue into brown for my work's base. "We have a name for that color at art school," Jody said. "Monkey sh@t brown." We both burst out laughing, which caused the instructor to glance our way.
After a short break to allow our backgrounds to dry, it was on to the flowers. "I really just want to paint dots," Jody whispered to me. This was no surprise; some of her early prints included dots and other "do-dads."
"Go ahead," I told her. "It's not like you're going to get in trouble for painting what you want."
She gave me a big smile and said, "Thanks. I really just needed someone to give me permission."
So, as the rest of us painted stems and pedals, Jody worked on rows of yellow dots on a deep-blue background. My disaster-in-progress...progressed. To learn more about our incessant giggles and bonding experience, click here for the entire PermissionSlips blog post. My friend and colleague Carol Gullstad and I update our blog weekly.


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Whytes of Stamullen restaurant, Stamullin, Meath
Overall Rating:
Price Range:
Whytes has been the centre of Stamullen Village for nearly half a century. Established in 1966, it was acquired in the early 2000's by a local family, who have extensively refurbished the premises to a very high standard, taking great care in maintaining the pubs timeless simplicity, while providing a warm and relaxing atmosphere. A high quality restaurant is now available at Whytes offering superb local produce.
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Whytes of Stamullen
Stamullen Village
Stamullen Village
Opening hours:
Casual Dining
Whytes of Stamullen 4.5 star review:
I went here after hearing some good things from friends and I can say that I wasn't disappointed. The food was absolutely delicious. I had the duck poppadom for starters and the ham hock for mains. The starter was lovely but I found the poppadom itself too hard. This is probably due to the fact that they roast them. They are cooked properly it's just I prefer the crispiness of a fried poppadom. The ham was so good especially the sauce that came with it. It was lovely, rich, and creamy.
The ham fell off the bone and was gorgeously sticky. The only downside is that I was too full for desert! Definitely recommend this place.
The ham fell off the bone and was gorgeously sticky. The only downside is that I was too full for desert! Definitely recommend this place.
Visited: 28/10/2012
Posted: 12/11/2012
Whytes of Stamullen 5.0 star review:
whytes was recomended to us so we gave it a visit on saturday night for my husbands birthday.lovely atmosphere when we arrived , lots of candles and different sections where you can eat. we had a lovely friendly girl who served our table and we went with her suggestions on the specials board .i had the brill stuffed with prawns and salmon for starters and it looked and tasted absolutely fab, hubby went for the asian beef salad and his was gorgous too.i had seafood liguine for my main dish which was really tasty and full of flavour and himself had a steak which he really enjoyed.we said we didnt want desert but we changed our mind when we looked at the dessert plate going by . .there was a large party beside us who were having great craic and at the start i was a bit wary of sitting close to them but they were great fun and they sang happy birthday and clapped when his dessert came to the table with a candle in it and it made our night.we will certainly be back food was great and we even got a lift back home to drogheda free gratis so great service too
Visited: 06/10/2012
Posted: 11/10/2012
Whytes of Stamullen 5.0 star review:
My husband took me to Whytes for a birthday dinner recently. We made a very last minute booking but the lovely staff were happy to accomodate us. The food was delicious, steaks cooked to perfection and the desserts were very good. Excellent menu and restaurant very comfortable and well presented.The waitress was attentive without being intrusive.
Visited: 03/05/2012
Posted: 20/05/2012
Whytes of Stamullen 4.0 star review:
Being there on one of the busiest days of the year, we were more than surprised to be able to get a table at late notice. The Food here is fab, i have been on a number of occasions and maybe once at the beginning was a little let down but i gave the benefit of the doubt and went back. The staff are excellent, constantly checking you have everything you need and there is a lovely wholesome option for children ...its not all about the nuggets and chips. I would recommend this restaurant to anyone and i would know they wouldn't be disappointed.
Visited: 08/04/2012
Posted: 02/05/2012
Whytes of Stamullen 4.0 star review:
We dined here on a damp Thursday and there were a reasonable number of customers in the dining room. The menu looks impressive but our food did not live up to expectations. The enthusiastic service here couldn't compensate for the ordinary food. With such an extensive menu, I hope to revisit and try it again but on this visit I can only report dissapointment. Sorry.
Visited: 27/10/2011
Posted: 01/11/2011
Whytes of Stamullen 5.0 star review:
just brill i love this place & its Just on my door step!!! if you ever get the chance to cjeck it out try the chinese duck!! its just art & it tastes even better
Visited: 14/02/2011
Posted: 24/02/2011
Whytes of Stamullen 4.0 star review:
I have been here a few times lover the past number of weeks. I really like this pub. The staff are so so friendly and will do anything to help you. The decor is really nice, really modern yet comfortable. The food is gorgeous. I had the soup and then the roast beef last time I was here. The portions were huge and so nice. I would say it is a bit expensive but you get big portions so you get what you pay for. I have had the club sandwich before which is also lovely and huge! The service can be slow if you are rushing but in general the service is very good. If you are passing by, stop in and try it, its well worth it.
Visited: 09/12/2010
Posted: 14/12/2010


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Ordered this trying to look for the perfect oil control mineral foundation with good coverage.
FIrst of all, good pricing for the amount you get! Slow shopping unfortunately, color range is weird...the "dark" shades reach NC-NW40s at the MOST.
Also I noticed when i wear this stuff I get SUPER oily. I was confused considering it was supposed to be a matte finish...but upon closer inspection...
has anyone noticed this stuff actually has chunks of glitter!?!?!?! NO WONDER MY FACE LOOKED LIKE AN OIL SLICK WITHIN THE HOUR
Recommended only for normal skin types.
this is a frickin' quality product right here!!! the whole cat-theme is a little tacky, but the product speaks for itself: no micronized or nanosized particles, or bismuth oxychloride (all of which can cause cystic acne). that was the reason i bought it. but on top of that there are no preservatives/parabens, no fillers, no silica, and they don't test on animals.
AND it's one of the LEAST EXPENSIVE mineral make-up lines i've come across.
tonnes of colours to choose from, but as with any mineral makeup if you don't have the right shade it can look chalky. great coverage, but i find that for my acne scars i still need concealer (not for redness or under my eyes though).
i forgot my meow foundation at home when i came to another city for the summer, and i've given up on finding something i like as much as this. nothing comes close.
please support this amazing small business, these women really know what they're doing.
5 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I ordered a few samples of this a while ago and I finally got around to trying them and so far I really like this makeup. My samples came in plastic baggies in a little animal print pouch and all of the makeup has cat related names which I thought was really cute :) Shipping took a little longer than I expected but I received a few eyeshadow samples with my order, which I thought was a nice touch. Their eyeshadows have alot of pigment in them so a little goes a long way. I love that this does not have ingredients in it that usually clog my pores and cause irritation such as Bismuth Oxychloride and it doesn't have a ton of mica in it so it doesn't look too shiny and glittery and best of all because it did not make my skin itch and breakout like so many other mineral makeups do. Yay! They have a great color selection which makes it really easy to find a match. I'd say the coverage is ok. Probably sheer - medium at best, even in the "Flawless Feline" finish but it is buildable and I like that this doesn't look chalky or powdery. All in all I'd say that although this is not my HG in MMU I do think it is one of the better formulas out there that I've tried (especially for those with sensitive skin) and I really like that it gives pretty good coverage with minimal ingredients.This is one I would definitely use/buy it again.
wowzz this give pretty pretty amazing coverage and the color selection superb! finally a brand that gives soo many yellow tone options! ive only been using the samples but i will def buy the larger size when i finish. not a perfect color match but i can get the lighter and darker shade and mix them together :D
Seeing such a low rating really surprises me on this one, so I had to stick in my 2 cents. I will start by saying I used to wear Bare Minerals, but after a couple of years I discovered I was breaking out in hives from the bismuth. I went through a glut of mineral makeups, and I landed on Aromaleigh. When they went out of business, someone suggested Meow. once I got the right shade I have been a happy camper and have turned my friends on to it as well. I have extremely sensitive skin and need full coverage...this stuff delivers! When I recently ran out I tried yet another foundation at the drug store, and proved to myself again that Meow has it down. Shipping for me has only been a few days. I ordered on a Wednesday and got it on the following Tuesday (Monday was a holiday). As for colors, you have to get samples. Small price to pay for such a great product at such a good price.
One final word, I don't think a lot of people realize how irritating bismuth is, and some think they can't wear mineral makeup when in fact it may be a sensitivity to bismuth. Meow has no bismuth, and I think they should proclaim that boldly. I had to do a lot of research and finally an email to know for sure. I'm not sure why so many high end cosmetics use bismuth, but I suspect it has to do with coverage. Few mineral makeups without it have a nice coverage, but Meow does!
5 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
After realizing my beloved Chanel foundation and primer were the cause of my breakouts, I began the switch to mineral foundations. I heard good things about Meow, and I wish I tried them sooner! As I have acne scarring/pitting from my teenage years I needed something with full coverage, so I passed on Purrfect Puss. Pampered Puss is nice, but I needed to build it up to get the coverage I needed and it didn't control oil at all despite using the oily primer and Top Cat finishing powder with it. Flawless Feline is *perfect* for my needs, giving full coverage yet a natural look in one thin layer. Used together with Meow's oily primer and Top Cat finishing powder my face is flawless yet natural-looking all day long. When I *do* get oily my face is dewy, not shiny. I spritz my kabuki with rosewater during application and spritz my face when done, which is probably why I'm not getting the dry, cakey look others have mentioned. I also use a HA serum and camellia oil for my moisturizer, so I imagine that if your face were bone-dry FF may not work for you. There *is* a bit of tightness when first applied (probably from the kaolin clay) but this dissipates quickly. I did have to take a lippy off as there's a major leap between Meow's medium and medium-deep shades (the 3-5 range).
On another note, I'm unsure as to why this foundation is getting such a low rating. I can understand any allergic reactions and drying effects, but those complaining about the color matching and shipping IMO need to chill and be patient. Meow is a small indie company, not a huge international conglomerate like MAC. If you want instant gratification, this isn't where you should be looking. If you want to support a small company with great products and value for the cost, you can't get much better than Meow. As for the color matching, it's easy to figure out if you're willing to be patient, do your research, and ask for help.
EDIT 5/9/12: Had to knock another lippy off and change my re-buy status to "no". My skin's gotten a lot better so I don't need as much coverage, and with the weather getting warmer FF was making my face itch and sting like crazy. Switched to Pampered Puss and I'm perfectly happy. I did find a perfect match in PP without mixing, Slinky Manx.
7 out of 8 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
After seeing this regarded as so many people's holy grail foundation, I decided to give it a try. I ordered a ton of samples, and it took almost three weeks to receive them. None of them were a spot-on match, but Inquisitive Siamese was extremely close. I liked it enough to order a full size, though going back to their website made me realize how much I dislike the cat theme. I like kitties, and I think the names of the products themselves are cute (Feliner, Pampered Puss, etc.), but carrying that over to the foundation shades is a bit ridiculous. I want to be able to go straight to what I'm looking for, not have to click on cat breeds to see which undertones they match. Anyway, after placing my order, it was about two weeks before my foundation even shipped. I understand that happens, but I'd now invested over a month just to get my correct shade of foundation.
I really like the large size jar, and I like that I can dump some into the lid and get it on my brush from there. However, the formula just doesn't work for me. I do have some beige and pink undertones, but the corresponding foundation shades had too much of them for me. The neutral provides the best coverage, but it just don't look right on me. It does cover up what I want, but it still lets my barely-there pink undertone shine through. If I want to really tone it down, I have to apply so much foundation that it starts looking chalky/grey. I have to spend a lot of time applying it just so, so that my acne scars and red skin is covered without looking like I have a pound of powder on my face. It can be done, but I can't stand in front of the mirror for half an hour most days.
Aside from the color issue, I can get some serious discomfort from this foundation. It does itch some when I first apply it, though if I've recently put on a moisturizer, it's not as bad. However, if I sweat or if it's humid outside, I itch a LOT. The skin under my eyes will actually burn enough that I have to rinse the makeup off with water to make it stop. I live in Florida, so...yeah. That happens a lot. I know Pampered Puss is supposed to negate this problem, but it simply does not have the coverage I need.
All that said, the foundation never seemed to clog my pores, and I only need minor touch ups on my nose and chin after a couples hours of wear. I don't think that outweighs the down sides, unfortunately.
As it stands right now, I will be looking for a new foundation. I'm sure if I tried, I could find another shade that matches better. Or I could spend a long time on my makeup every day, applying a ton of concealer so I could get away with a lighter coverage formula. However, that could easily take several months since just getting a batch of samples easily takes three weeks. It's very disappointing since even after four months, I've barely made a dent in the jar. I do think I will keep it around to apply with a wet brush as a concealer, though.
The two biggest things I love about Meow Cosmetics are what it's made out of and how it matches my skin tone. Over the last couple of years, my skin has gone from being resistant to slightly sensitive. Since I wear makeup everyday for work, I decided to switch over to mineral makeup in an effort to cut down on breakouts. Unfortunately, I couldn't find the right color with Bare Escentuals. The closest I could get was the Medium Tan, but I still ended up looking pink...and kind of off. Being of Polynesian and Asian descent, it's incredibly difficult to find a foundation and powder that really looks good - not beige, but also not entirely yellow. Neutrals such as MAC's NC line is okay, but covers over rather than match my skin if that makes any sense. I can't remember how I stumbled on to Meow Cosmetics, but I absolutely love how they have such a huge selection. Buying up a range of samples, I discovered the one that was perfect for me: Manx. It's a mix of peach (not pink or beige!) and yellow, which matched perfectly with my skin. I stick with the flawless line because I like having full coverage. The coverage is excellent; it covers up my dark spots wonderfully and blends beautifully with my skin color.
Some of the downers, though, is that it can be pretty expensive to get the concealer, the primer, the finishing powder, as well as the foundation. Also, it always takes a while for my order to ship, sometimes two weeks even with paying for priority mail delivery. The latter is a bit annoying, but that's only because I tend not to plan early enough so when I order, it's cause I really need it. :) And like with any mineral cosmetics line, the whole loose powder deal is a bit inconvenient (I used to be a compact powder gal) when wanting to do touch-ups to, say, go from work to a night out. Still, it's small stuff compared to it's perfect color matching and non-irritating ingredients. I'll take that over a little inconvenience any day!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I'm not a new user of Meow Cosmetics, but I like to update my reviews as my feelings change about certain products. I highly applaud this company for having a VERY wide range of shades since my skin is a challenge to match. I'm warm and that can mean a lot of different things. More specifically, I'm golden, not yellow, not peach, not olive, not really golden-olive ... the list goes on and on :)
Some people may disagree with me, but I do think that Flawless Feline is a heavy coverage foundation. I made the mistake of buying this the first time around because I thought it would cut down the time in my makeup routine. However, I thought this formula was harder to work with because, well, it is heavy. Meow claims that it will feel light on the skin despite its coverage. I unfortunately could not agree with this. It's a little chalky and definitely not light feeling, though I have seen a lot worse. Because this foundation did not really look right on me, I won't repurchase this one again.
I also wanted to share a few tips for sampling foundation colors.
1) Since Flawless Feline is heavy, I think that there's less of a "leeway" when it comes to finding a perfect match. If Flawless is the coverage/finish for you, it may be a good idea to order more samples (especially in different breeds) to find the most accurate match.
2) Post or email your pic to Jen on the forum. She usually narrows it down to 3-4 different undertones that you should try.
3) If you are unsure of your undertones, order some samples in Siamese and determine how much your skin deviates from the foundation. If it looks pink, order/try warmer shades (cooler shades if it looks yellow).
4) If you *know* you are warm toned, order Chartreux first. That breed is definitely warm and definitely has some yellow. Chartreux pulled pink on me, so I knew I needed something warmer
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Best foundation I've ever used! My skin is sensitive and this didn't irritate it at all. The coverage is amazing. It doesn't look cakey at all and it blends in perfectly with your skin. Very natural looking. So many different shades to choose from for your perfect match! My mom uses this too. She's tried SO many different foundations, but she loves this one. I would definitely recommend :)
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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Photograph by Paul Kennedy, Lonely Planet/Getty Images
Samosir Island (center) rose within the now water-filled crater of the collapsed Toba volcano. Image courtesy ASTER/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS/NASA.
Published November 7, 2012
It was the largest volcanic eruption of the last two million years—an estimated 5,000 times larger than Mount St. Helens's 1980 blast, with enough lava to create two Mount Everests.
Roughly 74,000 years ago, Indonesia's Toba supervolcano pumped massive amounts of sun-shrouding ash and gases into the atmosphere, cooling the planet, possibly devastating early humanity, and—a new study reveals—raining sulfuric acid on both poles. (How Toba's eruption changed Earth.)
Scientists have long debated just how extensive and enduring those effects were. One study, for example suggested the Toba blast spawned a thousand-year ice age that only some 10,000 individuals survived. Another has found evidence of humans thriving in relatively nearby India shortly after the eruption.
The new study—based on acid rain-tainted ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland—suggests Toba's fallout wasn't quite as catastrophic as might be expected.
The Antarctic ice core, for example, even bears traces of a warming event just after the Toba eruption—contrary to a strong cooling signal seen in the Greenland cores.
"That means there's no long-term global cooling caused by the eruption," study co-author Anders Svensson said. If there had been, you'd expect to see evidence of a chill at both Poles.
In fact, the post-Toba Antarctic cooling spike looks well, relatively ordinary. "There may have been shorter [global] cooling of a duration of maybe 10 or 20 years, like we see for more recent"—and much less powerful—"volcanoes," said Svensson, of the Niels Bohr Institute's Centre for Ice and Climate in Copenhagen.
(Related: "Yellowstone Supervolcano Discovery—Where Will It Erupt?")
Toba's Human Toll
Toba was "certainly not causing long-term cooling of a thousand years, or even a hundred," Svensson said. "It seems like humans lived on and everything is recovering."
Of course that would have depended in part on location, location, location, as real estate agents say.
It's speculated that prehistoric human populations—some perhaps relatively fresh out of Africa—were ravaged by the volcano's environmental fallout as far away from Indonesia as modern-day India.
That ancient toll may come in to sharper focus as a result of the new ice core data, coupled with ash readings from closer to the long-gone volcano. By correlating the various dating findings, the team says, they'll be able to better estimate when the eruption occurred, which should in turn allow archaeologists to better gauge whether artifacts date from pre- or post-Toba times.
Whenever Toba exploded, it's unlikely we'll see such a mega-eruption any time soon. "It's a very low risk," Svensson reassured.
The new Toba-volcano study was published online by the journal Climate of the Past on Monday.
More: See pictures of a new supervolcano found in Hong Kong >>
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Open house set for Physical Therapy program
Jamestown College will host an open house for its new and developing Doctor of Physical Therapy program at 7 p.m. on Monday, Dec. 17 in the Heritage Room of Westminster Hall (Nafus Center) on the Jamestown College campus.
Program director Dr. Nancy Nuzzo and admissions counselor Mic McCrory will be on hand to answer questions about the program, admission requirements and application process. Applications are being accepted for the first class, which will enroll in the Fall of 2013. The program will be based in a new building in Fargo.
Refreshments will be served.
Graduation from a physical therapist education program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), 1111 North Fairfax Street, Alexandria, VA 22314; phone; 703-706-3245; email@example.com necessary for eligibility to sit for the licensure examination, which is required in all states.
Jamestown College is seeking accreditation of a new physical therapist education program from CAPTE. The program will submit an Application for Candidacy, which is the formal application required in the pre-accreditation stage. Submission of this document does not assure that the program will be granted Candidate for Accreditation status. Achievement of Candidate for Accreditation status is required prior to implementation of the professional phase of the program; therefore, no students may be enrolled in professional courses until Candidate for Accreditation status has been achieved. Further, though achievement of Candidate for Accreditation status signifies satisfactory progress toward accreditation, it does not assure that the program will be granted accreditation.


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Catalog Home Catalog Search Colleges Catalog Archives
Undergraduate Catalog
Table of Contents | |
The Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid provides assistance to students in obtaining scholarships, grants, loans, and employment to enable students to attend the university regardless of financial constraints and to encourage students of above average scholastic ability.
It is recognized that student and family situations are unique, and every application and financial statement is carefully analyzed and considered. Complete confidentiality is assured to all students who supply financial information.
For more information call or write:
University of Houston Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid 31 E. Cullen Building Houston, Texas 77204-2010 713-743-1010 |
To be eligible for financial assistance, students must be enrolled for at least six semester hours. For summer aid, students must be enrolled at least half-time for the full six-, nine-, and/or 12-week sessions. Visiting summer students are not eligible for financial aid. Students holding permanent resident visas are eligible to apply for financial aid; however, non-U.S. citizens holding only student visas are not eligible for federal aid through this office. Satisfactory academic progress must be maintained to continue eligibility for federal funds.
Entering freshmen, transfer students, or presently enrolled students who wish to apply for financial aid must submit a completed Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) by the April 1 priority deadline. This may be obtained from high school counselors, on the web at www.fafsa.ed.gov or from:
University of Houston Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid 31 E. Cullen Building Houston, Texas 77204-2010 |
Students who receive correspondence from the Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid should respond as soon as possible to avoid delays in the processing of their application. In some cases, other forms may be required after initial application forms are submitted, such as financial aid transcripts from previously attended postsecondary institutions, special scholarships, or loan supplemental forms. The processing period for an aid application is approximately six weeks.
These are gift aid awards based on past academic performance or on expected college performance and are provided in three ways:
Amounts per student range from $50 to more than $5,000 per semester.
Entering freshmen are urged to investigate scholarship possibilities through high school counselors, civic, religious, and fraternal organizations, and their major departments at the university.
These $2,000 annual scholarships are for entering freshmen students with demonstrated excellence in scholarship and leadership in school and community activities. The four-year scholarships, $2,000 annually, will be awarded to incoming freshmen.
To be eligible, students must be enrolled full time. The following factors will be considered in awarding the scholarships: high school academic record--one-third of total weight; ACT/SAT score--one-third of total weight; and leadership activities and potential--one-third of total weight. This last factor will be judged by an autobiographical statement and letters of reference and will include use of English, school activities, and outside activities.
Students' progress will be reviewed at the end of each year. A 3.25 cumulative grade point average is required to continue in the program.
International or nonresident students who hold competitive scholarships of at least $1000 for an academic year or summer session may be entitled to pay resident tuition and fees provided they compete with other students, including Texas residents, for the scholarship. The scholarship must be awarded by a scholarship committee officially recognized by the university. The number of nonresident tuition and fee waivers for academic competitive scholarships is limited to five percent of the previous year's total university head count and at the discretion of the dean of the college or appropriate scholarship committee.
These are gift aid awards provided to students who demonstrate financial need. Amounts range from $200 to $4,050 per year depending upon the amount of need demonstrated and the availability of funds. Federally funded grant programs include the Federal Pell Grant, which is available to undergraduates. This grant may be applied for by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which is available through the Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid. The amount of an award is based on the determination of students' eligibility, the cost of attendance at the university, and a payment schedule issued by the United States Department of Education.
Other grant programs administered by the Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid include the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, the Texas Public Education Grant, the Leveraged Educational Assistance Partnership Grant, and the Texas Grant.
These include the Carl Perkins Loan, Hinson-Hazlewood College Student Loan, Stafford Student Loan (subsidized and unsubsidized), Parent Loan Program, and the Texas B-on-Time Loan.
The aggregate amount that may be borrowed for undergraduate studies ranges from $6,000 to $23,000, and for graduate studies, from $12,000 to $65,500, depending upon the guidelines of the particular program. The annual amount that a student may borrow will vary by program.
Long-term loan repayment generally begins six months after graduation or when students cease to carry at least a half-time course load during a spring or fall semester. Loans accrue interest at various rates that will be indicated on the promissory note. Repayment of principal may be extended over a 10-year period with a minimum payment of $50 per month.
As long as funds permit, emergency tuition loans, book loans, and university short-term loans are available for academic emergency expenses. Such loans are given primarily for tuition and fees and, in some cases, books and supplies. Normally, short-term and emergency tuition loans must be repaid within 45 to 90 days, depending on the program. A service charge of $5 is assessed and collected at the time the loan is made unless otherwise designated. There is a one percent interest charge per month, or any portion thereof, on short-term loans.
Defers current semester tuition and fees for Fall and Spring semesters only. The emergency loan excludes room and board and other charges not related to tuition and fees such as parking fines, library fines, etc. It does not cover past due balances. Other charges on an account not covered by this loan must be paid by the student prior to activation of current semester enrollment. The term is 90 days or the last class day, whichever is shorter. The interest rate is 5% per annum (equals 1.25% of loan balance).
Defers payment of most current semester school related charges including room and board for Fall and Spring semesters only. Does not cover past due balances or ancillary charges such as parking fines, library fines, etc. Other charges on an account not covered by this loan must be paid by the student prior to the activation of current semester enrollment. The Short-Term loan defers payment for 'only' the minimum amount due as calculated by the 'Installment Method.' The term is 45 days or the last class day, whichever is shorter. The interest rate is 12% per annum (equals 1.5% of loan balance) and a $5.00 service charge will be applied to each loan.
Available for the purchase of books and supplies from the bookstore. Book loans in the amounts of $400.00 for each Fall and Spring semester and a 'one-time' loan of $400.00 for the entire Summer term are available to students whose enrollment is active for the semester in which the book loan is necessary. Activation may occur through the usage of an Emergency or Short-Term loan, or by payment of at least the minimum amount due as calculated by the Installment Method on or before the due date. The term is 45 days (shorter in summer) and the interest rate is 12% per annum. A $5.00 service charge will be applied to each book loan obtained.
Book loan purchases may only be made with the ONE CARD. Upon award of a book loan the total amount will immediately be billed to the student account. At the end of the 20th class day (which is prior to the due date of the loan) for the Fall and Spring semesters and the equivalent for the Summer term, any unused portion will be credited back to the account.
Each of these loans may be obtained by students 'exclusively' through the Voice Information Processing System (VIPS) at (713) 743-8484 and selecting Option 5 (Bursar) and then Selection 3 (Loans).
See Installment Payment Plans in the Tuition and Fees section of this catalog for additional information.
Refer to the Student Financial Services website for a description of the payment methods available: www.uh.edu/sfs/
College work-study program funds are provided by the United States government and the State of Texas and either the university (for on-campus employment) or the participating nonprofit organization (for off-campus employment).
Undergraduate and graduate students who are eligible to apply must be:
Under this program, students may be employed for no more than an average of 20 hours per week during the semester with approval from the Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid and a maximum of 40 hours per week during the summer and periods when classes are not in session for seven consecutive days. Students with a financial need of $1,800 or more per year normally receive a package of loans, grants, and/or admission to the work-study program.
Many on-campus jobs are available to spouses of students and to qualified students who want to work while attending school. Most jobs are full time, but anyone desiring a more flexible work schedule or more varied job assignments may prefer to enroll in UH-Temps, a campus-maintained temporary service. Staff in most regular jobs are entitled to standard benefits.
Those interested in exploring on-campus employment opportunities should call:
University of Houston Human Resources 347 McElhinney Hall Houston, Texas 77204-5009 713-743-5770 |
Many part- and full-time on- and off-campus jobs are listed with the Career Planning and Placement Center, a service for students located on the first floor, Student Service Center, 713-743-1010.
The university reserves the right to review, revise, or terminate all financial aid at any time due to changes in students' financial and/or academic status or failure to comply with federal or state laws and regulations, including financial verification, audit procedures, and university policies. In addition, all financial aid is subject to revision based on the funds received by the university from the federal or state government and any changes to federal or state laws, regulations, or policies.
Federal regulations require a refund calculation for all students receiving Federal Title IV funds. The length of time during which a refund must be calculated is up to 60% of the payment period (semester/term). If a student withdraws or cancels enrollment on or before the 60% point in time, all or a portion of Title IV funds awarded to a student (Pell Grant, FSEOG Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and Federal PLUS Loans) must be returned according to provisions of the Higher Educational Act Amendment of 1998. The calculation of the return of these funds may result in the student owing a balance to the university and/or U.S. Department of Education.
The various federal and state regulations governing student financial assistance programs require that an institution develop standards to measure students' reasonable progress toward a degree objective. Students who do not make reasonable progress, even if they are determined to be needy, will not be eligible for financial assistance. The following qualitative and quantitative standards must be met to remain eligible for and retain financial aid at the university.
The qualitative measure of academic progress is a grading scale of 0.00 to 4.00, based on students' enrollment classification.
Undergraduate students who have previously attended the university must maintain a cumulative grade point average of 2.00 to be eligible for financial assistance. A 2.5 cumulative grade point average is required of Texas Grant recipients at the conclusion of their second year of enrollment.
Postbaccalaureate students who have previously attended the university must maintain a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.00 to be eligible for financial assistance.
Incoming freshmen, graduate students, or transfer students will be eligible for financial aid upon admission to the university.
In addition to maintaining a minimum grade point average, students must demonstrate acceptable progress toward a degree or certificate objective in order to remain eligible for financial assistance. Students cannot receive financial aid beyond a specified total of attempted credit hours, and they must complete a certain percentage of the credit hours for which they enroll. These requirements are summarized as total credit hours and ratio of completed hours to attempted hours on the chart below.
Hours completed do not include grades of I (incomplete), U (unsatisfactory), Q (quit), or W (withdrawal). Courses that have been repeated will be counted for each enrollment as hours attempted, and will be counted as hours completed if a grade other than I, U, or W is received.
Total Hours Including Transferred Credit
Ratio of Completed Hours to Attempted Hours
Undergraduate (Students working on their first baccalaureate degree) |
190 credit hours
Graduate and Professional (Excluding Optometry) |
100 hours beyond B.A.
Optometry |
200 hours beyond B.A.
Postbaccalaureate |
100 hours beyond first B.A.
Students who are denied financial assistance may appeal the decision.
Appeal Procedure.
If mitigating circumstances exist that indicate possible eligibility for financial aid, students may initiate an appeal through the Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid. Students who receive a favorable decision through this process must reestablish their eligibility at the end of the probationary period. Probationary status is normally granted for one semester only. A complete description of the appeals process is located on-line at www.uh.edu/enroll/sfa/forms.html.
Students who have been denied financial assistance on the basis of academic progress may appeal for reinstatement of eligibility when they attain satisfactory academic progress. If assistance is granted, the award will not be retroactive, but will be given for the remainder of the academic year. For example, at the conclusion of the fall semester, students may receive an award for the spring semester.
Academic progress is reviewed at the time that a student's financial aid is being awarded. Failure to maintain satisfactory academic progress will result in the denial or cancellation of student financial assistance.
The Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid may administratively grant one probationary semester of assistance for students whose academic progress has changed to not in good standing at the conclusion of their first semester of enrollment at the University of Houston.
For any student, receiving federal Title IV funds who unofficially withdraws or does not earn a passing grade, federal regulations require a refund. Such refunds must be calculated based on the 50% point within the semester or term. A student may demonstrate an official enrollment date later than the 50% date and in such cases the later date will be used in the calculation.
The calculation may result in the student owing funds to the University and/or the U.S. Department of Education. Also, any future financial aid funds will be cancelled.
Last updated:
Tuesday, June 7, 2005 - 04:07 PM


text: Spalding Extreme Volleyball - The Spalding Extreme Volleyball is in the game for keeps. Dedicated to the sport - to the pure passion of it - nothing but a total commitment ever hits the courts of play. No compromises. No flash. No hype. Just honest passion for pure play. Stitched Composite CoverMachine StitchedCushioned Synthetic LeatherOfficial Size and WeightSoft Touch FeelIdeal for recreational outdoor play.


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Full, loose fit for enhanced range of motion & breathable comfort no matter where your workout takes you.
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color: Desert Sand (290)
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The fundamentals
- Loose: Full, loose fit for enhanced range of motion & breathable comfort no matter where your workout takes you.
- This classic UA HeatGear® polo is an Official Wounded Warrior Project Licensed product
- Between August 2012 and December 2014, Under Armour® will make a donation of over $1 Million to Wounded Warrior Project™ benefiting injured service members and their families
- Field-tested, soft-knit micro pique fabric features moisture management technology to keep you cooler and drier
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- WWP embroidered chest logo to show your commitment, and UA sleeve logo to show ours
- Ribbed collar and custom Under Armour® 3-button placket delivers durability and comfort fit
- 4.0 oz. Polyester/Elastane
- Imported


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In this active discovery series, Oliver takes viewers to his favourite places around the house and his favourite outdoor spots for an adventure of hands-on exploration. Like many curious toddlers Oliver climbs, jumps, touches and tastes everything he can get his hands on, while observing that in each location, similar shapes, sizes, and colours can be found. For BabyTV programmes – subscribe to our video player.
Oliver is a curious monkey, who wants to climb on everything, taste everything and experience everything. Through Oliver's cheeky personality this programme introduces basic concepts such as shapes, colours, sizes and quantities, by showing the same concept in many different environments and ways. For BabyTV programmes – subscribe to our video player.
Establish the concepts explored in the Oliver programme by bringing them to life with real objects in your child's environment. Point at things, name them, count them etc. Enjoy all the Oliver games at our Play Centre. For BabyTV programmes – subscribe to our video player.


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Whirlwind DIRECTOR Direct Box |
1/4" parallel-wired in/out jacks / 20Hz-20kHz Frequency Response / Switchable high cut filter to eliminate amplifier noise / 30dB pad Ground Lift switch The DIRECTOR premium direct box converts an unbalanced line, instrument or speaker level signal to low impedance balanced MIC level.
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Get ideas and inspiration, find easy to use patterns
and tutorials for your next sewing project.
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BurdaStyle Project of the Week
Meg made this edgy variation of the Open Back Dress!
Pattern of the Week
This fitted jacket will keep you warm and stylish on those cool summer nights!
Retro Pattern
Dive back into 1956 with this stylish two in one pant suit pattern!
Member Project of the Week
Get inspired by printed floral bustier dress with flounce! It is so summery.
Editors' Pick
The style is cool and sporty beach wear that can be worn anywhere!


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Hi guys,
I'm facing the following problem..
Setup is ProFTP Server running on LMDE201204/32bit pae, Client as well LMDE201204/32bit pae...
FTP file transfer between this to nodes is just 6-8Mbit/s, BUT same ProFTPServer and Caja or Terminal as FTP-Client is achieving 800 Mbit/s and more.
So what is wrong between ProFTPServer and Filezilla-Client. Somebody else facing that issue?
Solution: In Filezilla-Client "Settings" switch under "Transfers" from "Filetypes" from "Auto" to "Binary" and you will get the same performance than on Terminal or Caja.


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Goldcrest Cleaning are proud to announce two new arrivals to our company.
Firstly we would like to introduce Denise Fox who has joined our company as our Sales Executive. Denise is working with us while Helen Wyatt, Sales and Marketing Manager is away on Maternity Leave.
Secondly we would like to announce the safe arrival of Helen's new baby ! Helen finished work on Friday and managed to fit in three days of maternity leave before the arrival of her daughter. That wasn't quite what Helen and James had planned but they are all adjusting to their new situation.
Kettle Limescale - pour into your kettle a mixture of half vinegar and half water, boil the kettle and leave it overnight. By morning the limescale shoud just fall away.
Lemon juice will clean silver - just polish off with a soft clean cloth (Use a cotton bud for difficult crevices)
Problems cleaning the pipes under your sink ? Pour one quarter cup of baking soda down the drain with one cup of vinegar. Finish off with some hot water.
Drop your email or phone number below and we will contact you to find out about your cleaning requirements...


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The 2011 Ford F-Series Super Duty debuted in April
General Motors Co. is enlisting its dealers as it fires back in a horsepower battle between diesel-powered heavy-duty pickups.
Ford will begin production this week of the most powerful diesel engine ever installed in a heavy-duty pickup, Barb Samardzich, vice president of powertrain engineering, said today in a statement released here at the CAR Management Briefing Seminars.
Dealers will make sure pickup buyers who purchased Ford's brawniest truck over the last four months get the power boost, too.
The 6.7-liter Power Stroke V-8 turbocharged diesel powering the 2011 Ford F-Series Super Duty, introduced in April, will be upgraded to 800 lbs.-ft. of torque and 400 horsepower, an increase of 65 lbs.-ft. of torque and 10 horsepower.
New models announced for luxury brand.
Ratan Tata, chairman of India's Tata Motor Group, which owns Jaguar after taking the British luxury brand and the Land Rover badge off Ford's hands in 2008, also said that the company is considering an entry-level Jaguar model. Details, aside from the announcement, are still pretty much nonexistent at this point.
By Jake Lingeman
Chevrolet fans, start scratching off lottery tickets: A Detroit-area customizer has devised a creation based on the Camaro SS dubbed "FireBreather." And, it has a bit of star power.
The FireBreather is a movie prop made for an upcoming Michigan-produced film, Jinn. But Classic Design Concepts will craft 50 copies of this cruiser for sale to the public.
Big crossovers keep on keeping on
Ford representative Said Deep said the company has no intention of putting either the Flex or the MKT out to pasture after 2013, as the Automotive News article suggests.
"Speculative reports are incorrect," Deep said. "These full size crossovers are vital to each brand. The MKT is one of the newest vehicles in the showroom and one of the most differentiated crossovers on the road today. Flex is one of Ford's highest-scoring vehicles in customer satisfaction, and continues to build a strong following."
The Highway Loss Data Institute releases its list of the vehicles most likely to be targeted by car thieves -- as well as those that seem to repel them.
It seems car thieves haven't caught up with the times yet. While law-abiding Americans are beginning to transition away from mammoth, gas-guzzling sport-utility vehicles in favor of smaller, more fuel-efficient coupes, sedans, crossovers and hybrids, scofflaws are still drawn to the bling of luxury SUVs, according to a newly released study by the Highway Loss Data Institute, an affiliate of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
For the sixth time in seven years, the Cadillac Escalade, a luxury sport-utility vehicle priced between $60,000 and $190,000, tops the institute's list as the vehicle most likely to be stolen here in the U.S. The report says that for every 1,000 insured Cadillac Escalades, during the 2007 through 2009 model years, an average of 10.8 were reported stolen. And the average claim for an Escalade is seven times the average for all passenger vehicles -- $11,934, which is a fraction of its sticker price.
By Jamie Lareau, Automotive News
Ford Motor Co., long known for pickups and SUVs, will emphasize cars, crossovers and fuel-efficient engines in the next few years.
The company wants to be the fuel economy leader, and federal mpg standards are rising. Ford launched the Fiesta subcompact this summer and will introduce a redesigned Focus compact early next year.
The Fiesta and Focus are the first U.S. vehicles from the One Ford plan. Under the plan, each region has global responsibility for certain models. For example, designers and engineers in Dearborn, Mich., will continue to work on trucks and crossovers that can be adapted worldwide. The Europeans are designing small cars.
With Mercury dying by year end, Ford has promised Lincoln more product investment in the coming years.
The Ford brand will get at least one new crossover and possibly a subcompact crossover. Ford and Lincoln also will add powertrain options to many products.
Evatran's wireless electric-vehicle charging station.
Though the system operates without plugs or cables, it's not exactly "wireless" -- rather, it works through proximity induction charging, in which a charge flows over a small air space when the two charging components are close enough to each other.
Upcoming electric vehicles from major automakers will likely severely devalue Tesla's emissions credits.
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About Exhaust Notes
Cars are cool, and here at MSN Autos we love everything about them, but we also know they're more than simply speed and style: a car is an essential tool, a much-needed accessory to help you get through your day-to-day life. What you drive is also one of the most important investments you can make, so we'll help you navigate your way through the car buying and ownership experiences. We strive to be your daily destination for news, notes, tips and tricks from across the automotive world. So whether it's through original content from our world-class journalists or the latest buzz from the far corners of the Web, Exhaust Notes helps you make sense of your automotive world.
Have a story idea? Tip us off at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Clifford Atiyeh has spent his entire life driving cars he doesn't own. Raised in Volvos, he has grown to love fast, irresponsible vehicles of all kinds. He is the senior news editor at MSN Autos and also reports for Car and Driver, Road & Track, The Boston Globe and other publications.
In the garage: 21-speed Iron Horse, 2002 Jeep Wrangler X (not his)Doug Newcomb has covered car technology for over 20 years for outlets ranging from Rolling Stone to Edmunds.com. In 2008, he published his first book, "Car Audio for Dummies" (Wiley). He lives and drives in Hood River, Ore., with his wife and two kids, who share his passion for cars and technology.
In the garage: 1996 Chevrolet Impala SS, two 1984 Chevrolet Blazers, 2008 Honda CR-VJames Tate learned to drive stick at age 13 in a 1988 Land Cruiser - in La Paz, Bolivia. He's since been a mechanic, on a pit crew and has wrenched on every car he's owned since his first 1989 Honda CRX Si (and won't stop until the car is a 1973 Porsche 911 RS). His work has appeared in Car and Driver, Popular Mechanics, Automobile and others.
In the garage: 1995 Porsche 911 Carrera, 1988 BMW M5


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Maintenance Q & A — November 2001
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text: 05/17/2013 Baseball Closes Out 2013 Campaign with Loss to St. BonaventureEight seniors make final appearance in Fordham uniform 03/17/2013 Frankie Frisch Invitational Concludes with Fordham Win Over Saint Peter'sRams Knock Out Four Triples, While Kennedy Strikes Out Six in Victory 03/14/2013 Baseball Hosts Frankie Frisch Invitational This WeekendRams Welcome NJIT, Sacred and Saint Peter's to Houlihan Park 03/13/2013 Baseball Ousts New York Tech, 8-5Charles Galiano Posts First Career Four-Hit Game, while J.C. Porter Earns First Win of the Season 02/23/2013 Baseball Splits Twinbill With MichiganRams Pick Up First Win of the Season in Series Finale Behind 16-Hit Barrage 05/11/2013 Baseball Senior DayPhotos of baseball's Senior Day on May 11, 2013 04/24/2013 Baseball Shaves Heads for the St. Baldrick's FoundationBaseball Shaves Heads for the St. Baldrick's Foundation for Childhood Cancer Research 03/13/2013 Baseball vs. NYITPhotos of the Fordham-NYIT baseball game at Houlihan Park on March 13, 2013 05/06/2012 Baseball vs. URI - Game 3Photos of the Fordham-URI Atlantic 10 baseball game at Houlihan Park on May 6, 2012 04/21/2012 Baseball vs. La SallePhotos of the Fordham-La Salle Atlantic 10 baseball doubleheader at Houlihan Park on April 21, 2012 2012: Had a breakout season, leading the Rams with a 1.54 ERA and six saves... His 1.54 ERA ranked as the sixth-best mark in school history... Also registered a 3-4 record, 17 strikeouts, and a .220 opponent batting average in 35.0 innings pitched... Was even better in Atlantic 10 play, recording a team-best 0.44 ERA in 20.2 innings to go with a 2-2 record, three saves, and a .214 opponent batting average... Posted his first career save against Fairfield (2/28)... Earned his first win of season at FIU, throwing 3.1 innings of three-hit relief (3/13)... Tossed two innings of scoreless relief in a win over St. Bonaventure (3/31)... Recorded consecutive saves in the first two games against Temple (4/6-7)... Pitched a career-long four innings of three-hit relief to earn a win over Dayton (4/15)... Matched that career-long with four innings of three-hit relief versus La Salle (4/21)... Posted his final save of the year against Rhode Island, throwing two scoreless innings (5/6). 2011: Appeared in eight contests, making three starts... Allowed 10 earned runs on 17 hits in 11.0 innings pitched with 12 walks and five strikeouts... Pitched three scoreless innings in his first start at VCU, allowing three hits (2/20)... Struck out three in two innings of work versus Iona (2/27)... Threw a scoreless inning of relief against Stony Brook (3/19). 2010: Appeared in 11 games on the mound, making one start, and posting one win... Allowed 12 earned runs on 19 hits in 14.2 innings pitched with 11 walks and seven strikeouts... Saw his first collegiate action at Duke, pitching a scoreless inning of relief (2/27)... Made his lone start against Fairfield, pitching a season-long 3.2 innings... Recorded his first career win in the Rams' come-from-behind win versus Iona (4/20)... Pitched two innings of one-hit relief at Dayton (4/23)... Threw two innings of relief against Duquesne allowing two earned runs on two hits with a season-high three strikeouts (5/21). Before Fordham: Split time between Trinity High School and St. Francis High School... Named to the Perfect Game top prospect team, Rookie of the Year and Pitcher of the Year in high school career... Started 11 games while registering a 5-3 record with 45 strikeouts and a 2.53 ERA in 47 innings of work in senior year... Multi-sport athlete also played two years of varsity basketball while serving as team captain in senior year... Member of the National Honor Society. Major: General Science.


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Salute to Our Soldiers
April 23, 2013 | Congratulations Courtney & Scott!
Today, they learned that they won the 2013 Salute to our Soldiers Vermont Wedding!
Learn more about their story here...
WCAX.COM Military Couple to Win Wedding-
In a tribute to those who have served our country, we have joined hands with many Vermont businesses to salute our men & women in uniform by creating an incredible Vermont winter wedding giveaway for one deserving couple.
April 23, 2013|CONTEST UPDATE:
Please help us to congratulate Courntey and Scott as they start planning their dream wedding!
Like us on Facebook for up-to-the-minute news on the wedding planning!
Tell us your Love Story between December 15, 2012 through April 1, 2013 and why you would like to be married in a military wedding in Vermont. The winning couple will be announced on May 1, 2013. If you are selected you will win a Salute To Our Soldiers with a Vermont Winter Wedding that will take place on December 15th, 2013 and will include the following:
- Ceremony with Music
- Wedding Photography
- Videographer
- Bridal Party Flowers
- Ceremony Flowers
- Catered Reception for up to 200 guests
- Photo-booth
- Engagement Photo Sessions
- Wedding Receptions Flowers
- Professional Wedding Planner
- Table Linens
- Custom Ring Bearer Pillow
- DJ Entertainment
- Wedding Website
- Wedding Cake & Assorted Desserts
- Custom Invitations
- Wedding Favors for Guests
- Sleigh Rides
- Professional Hair & Make-up
- Manicures & Pedicures
- Bridal Gown
- Your love story published in Vermont Bride Magazine!
- You must be 18 years or older, engaged and one or both of you must have served or be currently active in one of the five branches of the US Military (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard).
- Must be willing to share your love story on VermontWeddings.com and be willing to have your wedding at the Mountain Top Inn & Resort on December 15, 2013.
- Potential winners must comply with all terms and conditions of the Official Rules of the Contest.
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