text:
J. E. Leake1 - T. D. Arber1 - M. L. Khodachenko2
1 - Space and Astrophysics group, Dept of Physics,
University of Warwick,
Gibbet Hill Road,
2 -
Space Research Institute,
Austrian academy of sciences,
8042 Graz,
Received 13 May 2005 / Accepted 19 July 2005
Certain regions of the solar
atmosphere are at sufficiently low temperatures to be
only partially ionised. The lower
chromosphere contains neutral atoms, the existence of
which greatly increases the
efficiency of the damping of waves due to collisional
friction momentum transfer. More specifically
the Cowling conductivity can be up to 12 orders of
magnitude smaller than the Spitzer value, so that the
main damping mechanism in this region is due to the collisions
between neutrals and positive ions (2004, A&A, 422, 1073).
Using values for the gas density and temperature as functions of
height taken from the
VAL C model of the quiet Sun (1981, ApJS, 45, 635), an estimate is made
for the dependance of the Cowling conductivity on height and
strength of magnetic field. Using both analytic and numerical approaches the passage of
Alfvén waves over a wide spectrum through this partially
ionised region is investigated. Estimates of the efficiency of
this region in the damping of Alfvén waves are made and
compared for both approaches. We find that
Alfvén waves with
frequencies above 0.6 Hz are completely damped and frequencies
below 0.01 Hz unaffected.
Key words: Sun: chromosphere - magnetic fields - stars: atmospheres - plasmas - waves
Three main energy dissipation mechanisms in the chromosphere have been studied in previous work, namely collisional effects, viscous effects and thermal conductivity effects. Viscous damping of MHD waves is caused by the momentum transfer from the thermal motion of particles. Collisional friction is caused by the relative velocities of the species in the plasma. While thermal conductivity is also related to kinetic effects and momentum transfer. Khodachenko et al. (2004) and Khodachenko et al. (2005) showed that in the partially ionised plasma of the lower solar chromosphere, collisional effects are far more important than the other two. Also the presence of neutrals means that of all the collisions to be considered it is the collisions between neutrals and ions that are the most important component of this mechanism.
Alfvén waves are a specific type of MHD wave. Previous work on the generation and propagation of Alfvén waves has included the simulation of high frequency waves generated by photospheric motions and the damping of these waves in the partially ionised chromosphere above. This damping was suggested as an explanation of the formation of spicules (DePontieu & Haerendel 1998; DePontieu 1999; James et al. 2003). Spicules are high, thin jet like structures consisting of chromospheric plasma. They can reach heights of between 5000 and 9500 km whereupon they either fall back or fade in the hot corona. This work involved the numerical simulation of Alfvén waves of frequencies around 0.5 Hz damped by ion-neutral collisions in the WKB approximation. This approximation assumes that over a single wavelength there is no spatial variation of variables. More specifically, the wavelength itself does not change much on its own scale and the damping scale is much larger than the wavelength. De Pontieu et al. (2001) analytically calculated the damping time for Alfvén waves of varying frequencies in model chromospheres of various solar structures, given estimates for the plasma parameters in these regions. They estimated that frequencies above about 0.1 Hz are unable to penetrate through to the corona from the photosphere.
Other types of MHD waves in the solar atmosphere have also been studied. Linear analysis of slow MHD waves in the frequency range below Hz has been used to show the damping as a possible heating mechanism for the chromospheric network. The dissipation of the currents asscoiated with these waves, which is suggested to occur in thin magnetic flux tubes with strengths of 700 G to 1500 G, heats the tubes and hence the chromospheric network (Goodman 2000).
The passage of waves through both the chromosphere and corona has been studied using measurements of magnetic bright point (MBP) positions in the photosphere. A frequency power spectrum for horizontal motions (Cranmer & Ballegooijen 2005) at the photospheric level were derived in the frequency range 10-5 to 0.1 Hz. Using these as a lower boundary condition, a WKB approximation was applied to derive power spectra at different heights in the atmosphere to show the effective damping of waves in different regions. It was shown that waves in this range (10-5 to 0.1 Hz) may be evident up to a few solar radii which suggests that horizontal perturbations in this frequency range may be unaffected by the partially ionised chromosphere.
Higher frequency waves have also been detected in the solar atmosphere. Waves of frequencies up to 0.1 Hz have been detected in the upper chromosphere (Deforest 2004) and transition region. These waves were visible in the TRACE 1600 passband. The exact source of these waves is uncertain and they are not energetically significant to the chromosphere. High frequency waves (0.1 Hz) in the lower chromosphere have proved harder to find (Fossum & Carlsson 2005). It has been suggested that high frequency Alfvén waves in the range 1 to 800 Hz can be created by small scale reconnection in the chromospheric network, and their dissipation was considered as a possible heating mechanism for the corona above (Marsch & Tu 1997).
Here we present both analytical estimates and full MHD simulations of the efficiency of damping of Alfvén waves in the partially ionised chromosphere. We give estimates of the effective filter function for the damping of Alfvén waves. This damping is assumed to be due to the collisions of neutrals and positive ions in a model hydrogen plasma. The Alfvénic disturbances are assumed to be created at the photospheric level by horizontal motions on the surface.
Given values for the plasma density and temperature in the lower chromosphere taken from the VAL C model of the quiet Sun (Vernazza et al. 1981), the Cowling conductivity is estimated. Using the linear damping approximation (Braginskii 1965) the damping decrement for upwardly travelling waves is calculated and the efficiency of this region in damping the waves is estimated.
Then full MHD numerical simulations of linear Alfvén waves in a model atmosphere which contains a partially ionised chromosphere are performed. We investigate the efficiency of collisional damping for a range of frequency of wave. The numerical results are compared with the theoretical estimates and are shown to be in agreement with the linear damping approximation for low frequency waves but differ for higher frequency waves.
To incorporate the damping of MHD waves due to ion-neutral collisions in a
partially ionised plasma, the generalized Ohm's law should be included
in the governing equations. (Cowling 1957; Braginskii 1965).
= | (1) | ||
= | (2) |
The conductivity is defined by
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
= | (7) | ||
= | (8) |
(9) |
= | (10) |
In the generalised Ohm's law (Eqs. (1) and (2)) we have
neglected the pressure term, as the chromospheric plasma is
relatively cold, and the Hall term. The Hall term can be dropped
from the generalised Ohm's law if the plasma is magnetised, i.e. if
the ions and electrons are tightly bound to the magnetic field. In
terms of the ion-gyrofrequency and the collision time this condition
can be written as
(11) |
(12) |
Figure 1: The variation of the model background magnetic field with height. The four curves relate to the value of the exponent (small dash line), 0.35 (big dash line), 0.4 (dot-dash line) and 0.6 (solid line). | |
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If the plasma is assumed to be entirely composed of hydrogen then the expressions
can be simplified by taking
resulting in
(13) |
(14) |
(15) |
= | |||
= | (16) |
= | (17) |
(18) |
(19) |
In order to evaluate the expression for the Cowling conductivity an estimate for the neutral fraction is required (see Eq. (15)). Although the VAL C model gives us the ionisation degree for the Sun our model is a hydrogen plasma. Thus is calculated from the density and temperature values only of the VAL C model. Here we follow the method of De Pontieu (1999), assuming a hydrogen plasma where the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons ( .
The solar chromosphere, and spicules especially are not in
LTE. Hence a simple one-level model for the hydrogen atom is inadequate
for these conditions (Pottasch & Thomas 1959).
A two-level model is used instead for the hydrogen atom, so that the
ionisation equation (Brown 1973) is
(20) |
(21) |
= | (22) | ||
f(T) | = | (23) | |
b(T) | = | (24) |
Using the solar atmospheric plasma variables given by the VAL C model the neutral fraction and the profile of with height can be calculated for a given magnetic field profile.
As we intend to simulate the motion of waves in the chromospheric
region of the solar atmosphere, we choose as our magnetic field model
a spreading vertical flux tube representing an open magnetic structure
with its footpoint in the photosphere. As Alfvén waves propagate
along a fieldline we can restrict ourselves to one spatial dimension
and need only define the variation of the magnetic field
as a function of distance along the fieldline. Thus the
horizontal expansion of the tube does not enter explicitly into our
calculations. We choose a magnetic field profile to reflect the
conservation of flux as the tube expands. A power law dependance
on density is chosen
(25) |
Figure 2: Cowling resistivity as a function of height calculated from VAL C model of the quiet Sun and varying B0 with height according to Eq. (25) with . | |
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Equation (18) gives the inverse damping timescale of Alfvén waves with angular
and wavenumber k|| along the magnetic field,
propagating through a region of constant
(26) |
(27) |
(28) |
(29) |
= | |||
= |
(31) |
Figure 3: Analytical estimates for the damping efficiency of the partially ionised region of the solar chromosphere as a function of frequency. The four lines represent the four magnetic field profile given by (solid line). 0.35 (dash line), 0.4 (dot-dash line) and 0.6 (triple dot-dash line). | |
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= | (32) | ||
= | (33) | ||
= | |||
(34) | |||
= | |||
(35) |
It is worth noting that no viscous effects are included in these model equations as only collisional damping is being investigated in this work.
The simulations are carried out using a 2D MHD shock capturing code (Lare2d), applied in 1D only. It uses a staggered grid with density, pressure and specific energy density defined in the cell centres, magnetic field at the cell faces and velocities at the vertices. For further details see Arber et al. (2001). The code is adapted so that the resistive term in the induction equation updates the perpendicular and parallel components of current density separately, according to Eq. (16). Although the code is 1D all vector variables have 3 components.
The simulation domain extends 3000 km vertically, while the computational grid consists of 2000 cells. The number of cells vertically is restricted by the need to resolve the smallest wavelengths in the parametric study. The vertical boundary conditions are line-tied which are perfectly reflecting. Thus the simulation ends when the Alfvén waves have reached the upper boundary.
Using the VAL C model we construct the temperature profile, and the
density is determined by solving the hydrostatic equilibrium equation.
(36) |
Figure 4: The background plasma temperature (solid line), density (dot-dash) and magnetic field (dash), where . The values are all given in dimensionless units. | |
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All quanities were non-dimensionalised by using values defined at z=0
from the VAL C model, thus
r* | = | ||
= | |||
v* | = | ||
t* | = | ||
We model linear propagating Alfvén waves by driving the horizontal velocity vx continuously at the bottom of the domain with a sinusoidal driving function, the amplitude of which did not affect the results. Typical driving velocities were 600 m/s and a range of 80 to 800 m/s was tested.
As already mentioned in Sect. 2 the Cowling resistivity is much larger than the Coulomb resistivity at chromospheric heights. In fact over the domain being simulated, the calculated value of using VALC values for the plasma never exceeds the value of numerical roundoff in the code, and hence all simulations are run with .
The dissipation of these waves can then be investigated by observing the change in amplitudes of the perturbations. Figure 5 shows a typical profile of the perpendicular velocity and magnetic field perturbations with height for a driving frequency of 0.07 Hz, for the case when no damping mechanism is applied and when collisonal friction damping is applied with the given profile of (Fig. 2). As in Fig. 4 the value of is 0.3.
Figure 5: Velocity (top slides) and magnetic field (bottom slides) perturbations against height for a typical run with , The left hand slides are for the case of and the right hand slides are for the profile given by Fig. 2. The velocity and magnetic field are given in dimensionless units. | |
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By comparing the propagation of Alfvén waves in the presence of a partially ionised region and without, we can study the efficiency of damping due to collsional friction of ions and neutrals in the partially ionised chromosphere.
As can be seen from Fig. 5, the gravitational stratification causes an increase in amplitude of the velocity pertubation and a decay in the corresponding magnetic field pertubations. This is a consequence of energy conservation in the travelling wave. For a rigorous mathematical treatment of this see Moortel & Hood (2004). This makes a direct measuremnt of the efficiency of the collisional frictional damping non-trivial.
In order to obtain an estimate for the efficiency of collisional
friction damping we compare the Poynting flux carried by the waves in
the case when no damping mechanism is present and when there is
damping due to ion-neutral collisions. The time-averaged Poynting flux for the
Alfvén waves is given by
(38) |
(39) |
(40) |
Figure 6: Estimates of the efficiency of damping due to ion-neutral collisions for the magnetic field profile with power law . The solid line is the estimate due to analytic approches and the triangles represent the estimates obtained from numerical data. | |
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The numerical data agrees best with the analytical estimates when is smallest (see Fig. 6). For this profile we can see that the two approaches agree in the middle of the frequency range, but disagree at low and high frequencies. The differences at low frequencies are due to limitations in the procedure outined in Eqs. (38)-(40). The differences at high frequencies are due to the fact that the analytic approach is only applicable when the driving frequency is well below the critical value (Eq. (27)), i.e the linear damping approximation. The difference between numerical and analytic data increases as we increase the value of (Figs. 6-9). By increasing this power in the magnetic field profile (Eq. (25)), we are decreasing the effect of ion-neutral collisional friction damping, as is now smaller. This increases the relative importance of any other effects on the wave amplitude. Thus the difference in numerical and analytic data is due to the fact that the numerical approach includes the stratification effects on the wave amplitudes, whereas the analytic approach does not.
From both analytical and numerical data we can see
that Alfvén waves with frequencies below 0.01 Hz
are unaffected by this
damping mechanism, and propagate through the partially ionised region
with little diffusion. Also waves with frequency above 0.6 Hz are
completely damped by this mechanism.
Figure 7: Estimates of the efficiency of damping due to ion-neutral collisions for the magnetic field profile with power law . The solid line is the estimate due to analytic approches and the triangles represent the estimates obtained from numerical data. | |
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Figure 8: Estimates of the efficiency of damping due to ion-neutral collisions for the magnetic field profile with power law . The solid line is the estimate due to analytic approches and the triangles represent the estimates obtained from numerical data. | |
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Figure 9: Estimates of the efficiency of damping due to ion-neutral collisions for the magnetic field profile with power law . The solid line is the estimate due to analytic approches and the triangles represent the estimates obtained from numerical data. | |
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We have estimated the efficiency of the partially ionised layer of the solar chromosphere in the damping of Alfvén waves generated at the surface. The estimates were based on analytic and numerical approaches, which agreed in the linear damping approximation. The damping mechanism was the collisional friction between neutral and ion species in a model Hydrogen plasma with temperature and density values taken from the VAL C model of the quiet Sun (Vernazza et al. 1981).
Alfvén waves of frequencies above 0.6 Hz were completely damped by the partially ionised layer in the chromosphere, whereas waves of frequency below 0.01 Hz were unaffected by the presence of neutrals and experienced no damping due to this mechanism. This lower result agrees with work conducted on MBP's and power spectra of horizontal motions at different heights in the atmosphere (Cranmer & Ballegooijen 2005). They showed that using the WKB approximation the power spectra for motions with frequencies below 0.01 Hz are essentially unchanged as one progresses up the chromosphere to the transition region. This suggests that there is very little damping of low frequency waves due to any kind of dissipation mechanism in the solar chromosphere.
Although higher frequency waves are difficult to observe directly, photospheric motions can theoretically generate a large spectrum of Alfvén waves. The fact that the partially ionised layer completely damps any waves above 0.6 Hz for our magnetic field models means that high frequency waves in the upper atmosphere must have been created by other sources than photospheric motions.
This work is based on upward travelling waves generated at the photospheric level. Downward travelling waves from the corona would be reflected at the density contrast above the chromospheric region where the Cowling conductivity is large and it is unclear whether this damping mechanism would be important. The case of downward propagating waves will be subject to further investigation.
The numerical simulations were performed in the non-ideal MHD approximation with an additional term relating to the Cowling conductivity in the generalised Ohm's law (Eq. (16)). Previous work on Alfvén wave propagation in the lower solar atmosphere has used the WKB assumption, as used by (DePontieu 1999). This assumes that the change in wavelength, as well as variables, is small over a typical wavelength. They estimated that in this regime the ion-neutral collisions in the chromosphere damped waves of frequencies above 0.1 Hz. Our results are in broad agrement with the results of De Pontieu et al. (2001) but as is clear from Figs. 6-9 the result is actually sensitive to the spreading out of the flux tube. Over the range of values of , chosen to match estimates of from observations, the damping is effective over a range 0.1 to 0.6 depending on .
The model atmosphere was assumed to be magnetised, and thus the Generalised Ohm's law did not include the Hall term. In the upper photosphere, the electrons are tightly bound to the magnetic field whereas the ions are not. In this case there is a seperation electric field due to the neutrals drag on the non-magnetised ion, which should be taken into account in the one-fluid MHD equations. However, we showed that the damping of Alfvén waves is efficient at heights of 1000 km to 2000 km and in this region the plasma can be regarded as magnetised.
The form of the dissipation efficiency calculated from numerical data differed from that obtained from linear analytic appoximations. Small differences could be seen at low frequencies (due to errors in the estimation of small damping decrements). Differences also occured at higher frequencies, although both analytic and numerical estimates of the efficiency must converge to 1 at high frequencies. the difference at higher frequencies is due to the fact that the linear damping approximation is not valid (Eq. (27)).
This work was funded in part by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPA/S/S/2003/03728) and the Academic Research Collaboration Programme of the British Council in Austria. MK is grateful to the Austrian "Fonds zur Foerderungder wissenschaftlichen Forschung'' (project P16919-N08) and 0eAD-RFBR grant (I.21/04)


text:
Prague, Czech Republic
This iReport is part of an assignment:
Photo essays: Your stories in pictures |
- Artistic Cycling Champion Arnost Porkorny at Prague Bike Fair
- Holesovska vyzva Protestor arrested by Czech State Police in Prague
- Finally signs of spring in Prague
- The 15TH Hervis Prague Half Marathon, April 6, 2013 Prague, Czech Republic
- Oyster is your World- 12th Annual Oyster Shucking Contest in Prague Czech Republic
The Easter Bunny Cometh
This year Andel Metro beats the Old Town Square in opening the Easter Markets while threatening grey skies loom overhead. True there has been a couple skies of blue between the daunting icy gloom, but the Easter Market has begun in Prague 5. A few booths are up with sausages and cheeses for the benumbed crowd with the fresh sizzle of outdoor grilling and the sweet spicy aroma of pastry turning on the roller over a broiler. Bright tulips hail of spring while woven straw ornaments beg to be admired and bought. Despite the miserable gloomy skies, the Easter Bunny cometh at a Easter Market in Prague.
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You can now quickly search for factors while entering a ranking system (in the add factor/formula screen), or when entering Buy/Sell rules. Just type a portion of what you are looking for and click on 'Find'. You can also keep searching for other matches by pressing 'Find' again. For example: 1 - Enter 'pehi' and click on Find You should now see 'PEHigh' selected 2 - Click on Find again... You should now see 'PEHighInd' selected The text in the 'Short Description' is also searched, so if you enter 'market cap', the 'MktCap' factor will be found. ---------------------------------------- Portfolio123 Staff ---------------------------------------- [Edit 2 times, last edit by marco at Mar 24, 2004 9:24:52 AM] |
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Will Obama 'pivot' to jobs in State of the Union?
Sen. John Barrasso sounds off
- Duration 3:43
- Date Feb 12, 2013
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The President Obama expected to cover a lot of ground in tonight's state of the union including immigration guns and Afghanistan.
But with the nation's economy shrinking in the fourth quarter of last year and the unemployment rate creeping back 40%.
Our next guest says the president's speech should focus on one thing jobs.
Joining us now Republican senator John Barrasso of Wyoming.
You say the president didn't even mention the word jobs in his inaugural address you want to hear more about that tonight.
-- the American people want to hear more about that tonight John and thanks for having me.
When you -- American people what they're focused on what they're concerned about it's jobs the economy the debt and spending.
And yet the president never said the word jobs never said the word debt in his second inaugural address he really needs to focus on it.
Tonight now that the press is reporting that he is going to pivot to jobs -- this is about the -- Time in the last four years that the -- that the president is now pivoting to jobs.
Well the president as you know it was a very eloquent speaker and and a and a good salesman -- -- when he says we need to make investments in things like.
Infrastructure or education.
We need to spend government money.
To make those investments to build an economy that will last isn't he talking about jobs.
Well one of the things when you talk about increased spending Americans believe as they send their hard earned taxpayer dollars.
To Washington.
That they get very little value for that money that's less than half of what they send is actually they believe.
Used efficiently.
The president talks about additional education which is important.
But we have all of these recent graduates -- people ready to graduate having a very hard time finding jobs in the area for which they trained.
Shots -- -- -- a couple of things the president could do immediately to help the jobs market.
One of course is to approve the keystone XL pipeline.
To help us also with our energy security the other is to approve the free trade agreement -- Europe that will help both the United States as well as Europe and we'll help employment.
I don't know a single family that hasn't over the last few years sat down taken a hard look at its budget and just found some ways to cut back because you know.
As you mentioned there -- a lot of people hurting out there why has the federal government not been able to do or not been inclined to do the same thing.
Well the president's budget -- in the past that he's submitted always late has been dead on arrival hasn't even gotten any Democrats to vote for it.
Harry Reid -- not have the senate majority.
Pass a budget in the last four years the senate the last time the senate passed a budget was actually before the iPad had been invented.
So you talk about how far of though that has been.
Families have to balance their budgets most states like my home state -- Wyoming we balance our budget.
Every year I believe we need a balanced budget amendment of the constitution the president continues to oppose those sorts of things.
-- the president has said that he doesn't think the federal government has a spending problem -- 83% of Americans disagree with him according to our latest Fox News poll they say.
And that that -- they -- government does spend too much money why the disconnect.
Well and Nancy Pelosi said the same thing this weekend on one of the talk shows.
Americans know the problem in this country is that we spend too much.
Not that we're taxed too little.
And that's where the Republicans -- specifically focusing our attention when trying to get the spending under control which is what American families.
Have been doing what the nation needs to do right now John.
I'm sure we'll see you there in the gallery -- the state of the union tonight thanks for spending some time with us today senator John Barrasso Wyoming Republican I think -- Thank you John.


text:
Rangers prospect RHP Joe Wieland continued his breakout minor league season Friday, pitching a 3-0 no-hitter over San Antonio for Double-A Frisco.
Wieland, 20, faced the minimum number of batters and walked just one in the 109-pitch effort. It improved his record at at Frisco to 4-0 and lowered his ERA there to 1.23. For the season, which started at Class A Myrtle Beach, Wieland is 10-3 with a 1.80 ERA and has allowed just 15 walks in 129 innings.
Here is a brief summary from the RoughRiders:
Joe Wieland recorded the fourth no-hitter in RoughRiders history in Frisco's 3-0 victory over San Antonio Friday night from Nelson Wolff Municipal Stadium.
This is the first time that a Frisco pitcher has crafted a no-hitter by himself in a nine-inning game. It is the fourth no-hitter in RoughRiders history and the second this season. Martin Perez posted a rain-shortened perfect game April 19 at Arkansas.
Wieland faced the minimum and only allowed one base runner to reach. The right-hander walked Andy Parrino in the fourth inning, but he was later erased while trying to steal second base.
Wieland threw a season-high 109 pitches and struck out seven. The Missions' best chance for a hit came when Jedd Gyorko flew out to the wall in left field to lead off the eighth inning.
San Antonio (69-35, 20-14) entered Friday in a tie with the San Jose Giants for the best overall record in full-season minor league baseball. Now, the 'Riders (59-45, 19-15) trail the Missions by only one game in the second half standings within the Texas League South.
The RoughRiders scored in three different innings. Tommy Mendonca posted sacrifice flies in both the first and the fifth, which pushed his team-leading RBI total to 76. In the third inning, Mike Bianucci clubbed his 25th home run, which is good for second in the Texas League.


text:
During Apple's iPhone event, the company wrongfully claimed that its iPhone 5 was the "thinnest smartphone in the world".
Huawei's Ascend P1 S could lay claim to that title, measuring in at 6.7mms, while Motorola's Droid RAZR, at 7.1mms, also trumps the iPhone 5, measuring 7.6mms.
Both handsets, released in 2011, run versions of Google's Android platform.
Additionally, the unreleased ZTE Athena measures 6.2mms, while another Chinese phone, the Oppo Finder, is 6.65mms thin, MyBroadband reported.
Apple's new smartphone features a larger, 4-inch touchscreen, faster A6 chip and revised eight-megapixel camera.
The iPhone 5 is set to ship to nine countries on 21 September, with Apple hoping to launch in 100 countries by December 2012.


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Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold's foray into energy keeps getting cozier for the top executives involved. The mining company's market value has plunged by $6 billion following news of its planned purchase of Plains Exploration and Production and McMoRan Exploration. Yet Jim Bob Moffett, Freeport's chairman, and James Flores, chief executive of Plains, will come out ahead.
A fund manager from BlackRock, whose investment units together own more than 6 percent of Freeport, gave the brass on Wednesday's conference call a tongue-lashing, pointedly asking whether anyone involved in the deal wasn't conflicted. For a start, the transaction offered up a headline 74 percent premium for McMoRan, a struggling oil company run and part-owned by Mr. Moffett. While other shareholders in Freeport nursed paper losses on Friday morning, his gains on his McMoRan holding trumped his losses on Freeport stock to the tune of some $15 million.
Mr. Flores of Plains, meanwhile, will get a $130 million windfall including accelerated vesting of stock, while also keeping a senior job at the enlarged Freeport, collecting a pay rise to match the $2.5 million annual salaries of Mr. Moffett and Freeport's chief executive, Richard Adkerson, and joining them on the board.
It will be a bit of a reunion, as all three currently are directors of McMoRan.
It's hard to see how the triangular deal idea came from anywhere but the top, although the filings that should outline the process aren't yet available.
That brings echoes of the kind of governance flaws surrounding a deal two years ago in which J Crew's chief executive, Mickey Drexler engineered a personally beneficial sale of the company to two private equity firms.
Freeport and McMoRan each had a special committee of independent directors with advisers to evaluate the deal, and Mr. Moffett did not vote. Yet his position would have been clear.
Overall, it is adding to the United States oil patch's dodgy governance record, with Chesapeake Energy and SandRidge Energy other exhibits. Mr. Flores' golden parachute – due even without losing his job – was written into his Plains contract, but that doesn't make it any more palatable for Freeport shareholders. The high-priced deal for McMoRan raises the question of whether alternative targets could have represented better value. And that's assuming Mr. Moffett's diversification strategy makes sense.
Freeport's shareholders don't even get to vote on the deal. But that doesn't mean they can't push their board representatives for a full explanation.
Christopher Swann is a columnist for Reuters Breakingviews. For more independent commentary and analysis, visit breakingviews.com.
An energy company's plan to drill an exploratory oil well in a bucolic area of southern England has galvanized residents.
If completed, a transaction would be one of the biggest health care deals of the year. And it could reap a sizable profit for Bausch & Lomb's current owner, Warburg Pincus.
The Standard & Poor's 500-stock index has more than doubled since Barack Obama took office, an accomplishment achieved by only four other presidents.
An energy company's plan to drill an exploratory oil well in a bucolic area of southern England has galvanized residents.
The closing of a plant in Paducah, Ky., could pose a problem for the American nuclear weapons arsenal over time but is not likely to affect civilian nuclear electric plants.
More than 88 percent of Fortune 500 companies have adopted written policies prohibiting bias on the basis of sexual orientation, but Exxon Mobil has refused.
A federal judge's ruling could halt the resale of digital music as well as other digital good like e-books.
A world-renowned physicist meets a gorgeous model online. They plan their perfect life together. But first, she asks, would he be so kind as to deliver a special package to her?
The Winklevoss brothers have moved on from their battle with Mark Zuckerberg and are more active than ever.
For millions of people below the poverty line, no assistance for health insurance will be available in states that have refused to expand Medicaid.
Chia seeds aren't just for terra cotta pets. Adding chia to a smoothie can make an energy-rich breakfast or give you a boost after a morning workout, writes Martha Rose Shulman.
Being depressed is known to increase the risk for stroke. Now a new study suggests that the association is even stronger in younger women.
Procter & Gamble said on Thursday that its chief executive, Robert A. McDonald, had resigned. | Four executives of SAC Capital Advisors have received subpoenas to testify before a grand jury. | In a push to soften financial regulations, bank lobbyists are helping lawmakers draft legislation. | Congressional concern over SoftBank's bid for Sprint Nextel is growing.
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CZ 1" Ring Mounts CZ 452, CZ511 (11mm Dovetail) Gloss Medium
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These 1" rings are constructed of steel and fit the dovetails on the receivers of the CZ 452 and CZ 511. Mounting hardware is included.
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Material: Steel
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Mounting hardware included
Will fit the Remington SPR18 Rifle
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Technical Information
Material: Steel
Ring Height: .625" (measured from base of ring to bottom of scope tube)
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Posted by tamaratattles | Filed under Kenya Moore, NeNe Leakes, Real Housewives of Atlanta, RHOA, What's Wrong With This Picture?
What's Wrong With This Picture? Nene and Kenya
27 Saturday Apr 2013
27 Saturday Apr 2013
Posted by tamaratattles | Filed under Kenya Moore, NeNe Leakes, Real Housewives of Atlanta, RHOA, What's Wrong With This Picture?
26 Friday Apr 2013
Posted Angela Stanton, Apollo Nida, Bravo, Cynthia Bailey, Filming Real Housewives of Atlanta, Gregg Leakes, Kandi Burruss, Kenya Moore, Kim Biermann, Kim Zolciak, Kim Zolciak's House, Kordell Stewart, Kroy Biermann, Marlo Hampton, Miss Lawerence, NeNe Leakes, News, Peter Thomas, Phaedra Parks, Porsha Stewart, Real Housewives of Atlanta, RHOA, Todd Tucker, Walter Jackson
inWell boys and squirrels, it looks like we will not have Kenya Moore to kick around anymore. Kenya has bid us all a fond adieu on the Bravo blog! I don't think anyone is surprised she was not asked back. What is a surprise though is that she was either on all her meds or got a lot of help writing her "long good-bye" as she bids us farewell with…. dare I say class? I don't usually include an ENTIRE blog from the housewives but since this one is so well-written and full of some interesting tea, I am going to post Kenya's Long Goodbye in its entirety with limited snarky comments. Click through to read. Continue reading »
22 Monday Apr 2013
Um, oopsy. I slept through Sunday, y'all. Perhaps I should have listen to the doctor and gone and gotten some tests run, but …I was too sleepy! Let's see if I can get through this reunion without a nap.
It's round three of The Real Housewives of Atlanta. Time to see what I missed. We start with Nene reading her make-up texts with Kim. Time for a Todd and Kandi package. Wow, that witch doctor from South Africa was right! That's kind of cool. Also, does anyone remember at the vow renewals for Cynthia and Peter when Kandi and Todd's lantern took off right away and Kenya and Walter's crashed? It's kismet! I wish Kandi would learn out to sit without showing her lady garden. Andy's questions for Kandi were kind of negative! Continue reading »
07 Sunday Apr 2013
It's time for the Real Housewives of Atlanta reunion and Andy is wasting no time. The first order of business is to ask Kandi about serving Kim with papers about Tardy for the Party. It sounds almost like Phaedra served the papers on Kim at the reunion! Kandi says that Kim brought that on herself She was no longer going to allow her to benefit from the song. Coincidentally, Funky Dineva, who I believe is a friend of Kandi's and appears on her Kandi Coated Nights show from time to time recently released the unedited version of The Ring Doesn't Mean A Thing which has Kim singing with no autotune. Interesting timing, no?
Phaedra wastes no time with the subtle jabs at Kenya saying "everyone up here is a lady,…..well everyone up here is a female." Kenya has had her sour face on most of the time. Remind me again how I am supposed to understand that she is not taking all of this seriously, Kenya fans? Puhlease. Andy asks Phaedra what her Mama the preacher thinks about her…what did he call it? open attitude? And Phaedra is the first to say the word penis. She says she likes looking at large penises. That's our Phaedra displaying her knowledge of being a "southern belle" on national television. Continue reading »
04 Thursday Apr 2013
Okay, I need EVERYONE to stop what you are doing right now. Watch this video! I.AM.SERIOUS. Continue reading »
31 Sunday Mar 2013
It is the finale of the Real Housewives of Atlanta and that means there is only a month left before the season ends! We begin with Kenya planning her "gala" aka costume party that will serve as the final bash of the season. Kenya wants to have some scenes from classic movies with famous black actresses acted out at the party. So she thinks really hard about appropriate suggestions. Should she go with Dorothy Dandridge and Pearl Bailey in Carmen Jones? How about Butterfly McQueen as Prissy in her favorite movie of all time, Gone With the Wind? Nope, that is not what Kenya's brain comes up with. She wants Eddie Murphy in Coming to America. Specifically the royal wedding scene "with all of the dancers with the feathers on their heads." I am not kidding. She also calls it her "coming out party." If she does indeed decide to come out, that might explain lots of things. You know, sometimes people accuse others of things they themselves are guilty of.
Meanwhile Phaedra is putting her donkey booty video behind her, (her bad pun, not mine) and moving on to the production of her new pink stun gun she calls, "Phaedra Sparks." Again. Not kidding. Kandi zaps the stun gun on one of the self-defense guys accidentally. Sort of. Phaedra wants to try hers out on Kenya. Good plan, Phaedra, good plan. I did not recap the mandatory sex talk for Phaedra and Kandi scenes. Continue reading »
24 Sunday Mar 2013
Tonight on the Real Housewives of Atlanta, we are back at Kandi's housewarming party at the point where Kenya stomps off screaming about Walter stalking her. I don't understand why we could not have just wrapped up this little hissyfit last week.
Nene and Gregg are in LA. Nene has arrived. She has her happiness back. Gregg's teefs are so white they are purple. Nene's aren't much better. I missed what they were talking about because I got distracted wondering if Gregg had been eating blueberries. Was it important? Later Gregg is out at dinner with Nene. Nene rudely checks her phone during dinner. More Gregg sucking up to Nene. Gregg proposes. Gregg says Nene is the wind beneath his wings. Nene says yes.
Bravo is making Cynthia shoot scenes with Kenya again. I wonder if she got a bonus for that? Miss Lawrence was in the scene and the topic was Kandi's housewarming party. Miss Lawrence made it clear that he was not invited. That Lawrence is blowing through housewives in a hurry. First he made all of Sheree's hair fall out and now Kandi is mad at him over some Closet Freak argument or something. He still got his own show though because Andy Cohen is fascinated with men in pumps. Cynthia tells Kenya that she needs to learn how to handle herself in public situations. Cynthia should have said to Kenya, "Go out and find someone who will sleep with you! There has to be someone and it might help your disposition." Continue reading »
17 Sunday Mar 2013
The Real Housewives in Atlanta are back home and Porsha isn't even unpacked yet when Kordell finds an EPT box. Porsha attempts to explain it by telling Kordell that Kandi had a "lingerie party" and she was giving everybody gift bags. I wonder why Kordell didn't see the er…other gifts? Porsha needs directions to pee on a stick. That is not a joke. She is serious. Kordell can barely instruct her himself. I'm not sure this is a gene pool worth sperm actually swimming in. Porsha has started trying to act in her talking heads. sigh.
Porsha decides to tell Kordell that the other housewives make fun of her because Kordell is "controlling" right before they go to "Peter's Health Event." Kordell says he is in control but he is not controlling. Porsha decides to talk about having kids and where they are with that. You know, while the cameras are rolling. It just comes up. Oh wait no it doesn't. It was surely written on a cue card behind Kordell's head. Kordell says he is the man of the house and he is not going to contribute to actually raising the kid. She needs to decide if she wants a baby or a career. Porsha wants a nanny. Kordell says no way. Continue reading »
13 Wednesday Mar 2013
Today should be very interesting here in the ATL. It seems that Kandi is finally pissed off enough at Kim Zolciak to take her to court for her Tardy for the Party theft. Did I mention that today is the day the reunion is going to be filmed? I was surprised it was today as Andy has been airing WWHL from SXSW all week. Nene flew in yesterday for the filming after wrapping filming for the season on The New Normal and according to her tweets she was not looking forward to spending the day with the RHOA cast. Between Nene and now the LAWSUIT between Kandi and Kim, things should be popping off right about now. Click through for the details on the lawsuit. Continue reading »
11 Monday Mar 2013
Posted Andy Cohen, Bravo, Bravo Andy, Bravo Housewives Disorder, Kenya Moore, Real Housewives of Atlanta, RHOA, WWHL
inI am prone to nightmares. Because of this, I try to watch something kind and gentle before going to bed. So because I had to get up early this morning, I knew better than to end my night watching Kenya Moore's scary complexion on Watch What Happens Live last night. However, ever the reliable blogger, I shall watch it now just for you. I am apprehensive because Andy promoted the show saying we would see her work out video. But forge ahead I shall.
Andy and the gang are at SXSW in a much larger studio with a house band. Brooklyn Decker is on next to Kenya Moore. Kordell Stewart tweeted that Porsha showed real leadership by not giving into peer pressure on tonight's show. Kenya says, "I am sure he fed her those lines." Um wahhh? That was Kordell tweeting! Um, I am so glad I did not watch this before bed. I thought we were going to see Kenya's WORKOUT video, but nooooooo, it's a Gone With The Wind Fabulous Video with a drag queen making fun of Porsha and obnoxious twirling by Kenya. Continue reading »


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Orange Krush Frequently Asked Questions
Our Sports > Men's > Orange Krush > Orange Krush Frequently Asked Questions
1. Where does the Men's Basketball Team host their games?
The Men's Basketball Team hosts their games at Assembly Hall. [See it on a map]
2. Do I have to be a member of Illini Pride to join the Orange Krush?
Yes! To be a member of Orange Krush, you MUST be a member of Illini Pride! Orange Krush is a subgroup of Illini Pride.
3. Who should my donor make his/her check out to?
Checks can be made out to Orange Krush Foundation.
4. How does the pledge system work?
See How to Join.
5. What if I don't turn in my pledges on time?
You must turn in your pledge information by September 21, 2012. The Orange Krush registration period for the 2012-2013 basketball season will end at 6:00p.m. on September 21, 2012. If you miss the deadline to turn in your pledge information, please contact McKennon Biers, Orange Krush Foundation President, at email@example.com immediately.
6. What happens if my website says Trouble with Authentication?
You should clear your cookies and restart your browser.


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We all know that, there are lots and lots of opportunities for kids to shine in the field of advertisements. Kids are dreams of tomorrow, but how? Its a usual question we hear from the people around. Its the advertising agencies, who gives the right answer to them, through their activities.
Kids play a major role in advertisements and modeling field. Its the age of every naughtiness, where they are ready to do anything, which any other human beings, belonging to all other age categories found impossible to perform.
To [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] is not a hard task as far as todays world is considered. Parents are found to be the great motivators of todays kids, as its make their kid, a real full fledged professional within such a small age.


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The exchange rate taken from Oanda.com is just for your reference
Madeira Accommodation Hotel Enotel Baia - Madeira General Info
Hotel Enotel Baia - Madeira
Address: Rua Dr Joao Augusto Teixeira, Ponta do Sol view mapThe Hotel Baia do Sol is in the village centre, by the sea, just across from the rocky pebble beach. Its facade reflects the typical village townhouses, fitting in perfectly with its surroundings.
We recommend you hire a car to be able to get around as the hotel is 25 min from Funchal by road.
The name Ponta do Sol means 'sun point', very pertinent as this village is known for its warm climate and for being one of the sunniest places on the island.
Accommodation Features
- Baby Cot/Crib Available
- Back-up Power Generator
- Bar(s)
- Cafe/Coffee Shop
- Car Parking
- Elevator/Lift
- Fax
- First Aid Kit
- Fitness Club/Gym
- Internet available onsite
- Laundry Service available
- Mobile Phone Reception
- Non-Smoking rooms/floors
- Photocopier
- Restaurant(s)
- Swimming Pool(s) - Indoor
- Tour Desk
- Wheelchair access
- Babysitting - Paid
- Concierge/Travel booking and Confirmation
- Daily Housekeeping
- Doctor/Nurse on call
- Dry Cleaning
- Foreign Currency Exchange
- Laundry/Ironing
- Postal/Courier Service
- Shuttle Service (i.e. to/from town centre - included in price)
- Vehicle Hire/Car Rental can be arranged
- Visa Service
- Massage
Languages Spoken
- English
- French
- German
- Portuguese
- Spanish
Update Booking Details
or find other hotels


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QypeBiz: Qype for Business Owners
Welcome to the QypeBiz group. Here, you can find answers to all your questions about Qype and your business listing. First, please read through the threads below to see if you can find the info you're after. If not, why not read through our FAQ or visit the Support section of our blog, where you'll find 'how-to' videos and articles to help you get the most out of Qype.
Hi from SJ Grinding
started by suejordan3 ( 3 August 2012)
3 August 2012
Hi everyone. Im Sue from SJ Grinding in Birmingham
Just thought I would introduce myself to you.
We do a on the premises knife and scissor grinding company which has been running for 6 years,
and also specialise in chefs knives, and also hairdressing scissors, tailoring shears and scissors, and you can blunt em we can grind emWe also do emergency visits as well to people as well as grind everything on site-no taking away-you can see them being sharpened there..
Our webites are www.sjgrinding.freeindex.co.uk
where all our reveiws are, and weve also been made a Freeindex Recommended company as wellOur main site is www.sjgrinding.co.uk
So if you need a regrind let us know. We also do an express parcel service through Birmingham as well, and we can usually get them back to you within 2 working days of receiving them
The charegs for postal servcie are up to 3 kilos are £12, or we can do 10 kilos for £22
thats cash with order plus your item chargesSue and staff
SJ Grinding Birmingham


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NFL Notebook: Browns' Weeden being treated for concussion
BY Associated Press
Tuesday, November 27, 2012
11/27/12 at 4:07 AM
The Cleveland Browns won't know for a few more days whether rookie quarterback Brandon Weeden will play in Oakland.
The former Oklahoma State signal-caller sustained a concussion in the closing minutes of Sunday's 20-14 win over Pittsburgh, just Cleveland's second victory against its biggest rival in 18 games. Weeden was falling following an incompletion when his head struck the leg of teammate Joe Thomas.
The 29-year-old left the field and received medical attention on the sideline before he was taken to the locker room. He was replaced for two series by backup Colt McCoy, who will start against the Raiders if Weeden isn't cleared.
Browns coach Pat Shurmur said Weeden was at the team's facility on Monday. He is being treated under the NFL's "strict concussion protocol" and his status for Sunday's game remains uncertain.
"We'll go through the process and we'll know way more on Wednesday," said Shurmur, who would not speculate if Weeden will face the Raiders. "I'm not making any predictions at this point."
It's not known if Weeden sustained a serious head injury. He didn't appear to take a hard hit, but that's not always a definitive indicator of an injury's severity.
Shurmur knew Weeden wanted to stay in the game and close out the win. Browns rookie running back Trent Richardson said trainers had to hide the QB's helmet so he couldn't re-enter.
NFL won't suspend Suh for low blow:
Ndamukong Suh might lose some money for his low blow against Houston Texans quarterback Matt Schaub.
The Detroit Lions defensive tackle, though, will be able to play Sunday at home against the Indianapolis Colts.
NFL spokesman Greg Aiello tweeted Monday that the Lions have been notified that Suh won't be suspended for last Thursday's "incident," although it will be reviewed for a potential fine.
Suh was on his chest after being taken down by an offensive lineman and extended his left foot to hit Schaub below the belt. Suh's left cleat connected with Schaub's groin area after he threw a pass in the first quarter of Houston's 34-31 overtime win.
Schaub went to his knees, doubled over in pain, but stayed in the game.
NFL suspends Buccaneers CB Wright:
Tampa Bay's porous secondary took another hit Monday when cornerback Eric Wright was suspended by the NFL for four games for violating the league's policy on performance-enhancing substances.
Wright is the second Tampa Bay starter disciplined for using Adderall. Cornerback Aqib Talib was suspended Oct. 13 for four games and subsequently traded to the New England Patriots while serving the ban.
"This a result of taking Adderall at the end of July for health issues I was experiencing," the sixth-year pro said in a statement issued through his agent.
The 27-year-old started the first 10 games of the season before sitting out Sunday's loss to Atlanta because of an Achilles tendon injury.
Cardinals stick with QB Lindley:
The Arizona Cardinals are sticking with rookie Ryan Lindley at quarterback, at least until Kevin Kolb is healthy enough to play.
Coach Ken Whisenhunt said that while Lindley had three bad throws that resulted in interceptions, two of them returned for touchdowns, in his first NFL start on Sunday, the rookie did have other times when he was effective in the loss to the St. Louis Rams.
Jets' Ryan thinks Tebow will be ready to play:
Rex Ryan anticipates Tim Tebow will be "ready to go" in the New York Jets' next game against the Arizona Cardinals in spite of the backup quarterback's two broken ribs.
The Jets coach said Monday that the team will see how Tebow does during the week.
Tebow was in uniform but didn't play Thursday night in the Jets' 49-19 loss to the New England Patriots, with Ryan saying he could have played but would have been used only in an emergency. Tebow revealed after the game that he was injured two weeks ago at Seattle.
Associated Images:
The status of Cleveland quarterback Brandon Weeden is uncertain after he sustained a concussion on Sunday. RON SCHWANE / Associated Press
Copyright ©
, Tulsa World All rights reserved.


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Home > Planning Commission
Changes, additions, or modifications to the agenda
Minutes: April 16, 2013
Public Hearings:
1. Annexation, with Initial Zoning of HC-1: M&B: 28.982 Acres Sections 26, 27, 34 & 35, T 2N R 37E. 1
2. Annexation Prior to Platting, with Initial Zoning of HC-1: M&B: 2.423 Acres of the NE1/4 Section 34, T 2N
3. Rezone from R-3A with PUD Overlay to RSC-1 with PUD Overlay: Lot 17 & 20, Block 1, Lorin C Anderson, Division No. 1, 2nd Amended. 1
1. Final Plat: Sunnyside Retail @ Snake River Landing, Division No. 1, 1st Amended. 1
1. PUD Ordinance Discussion
Staff reports are available by 3:00 p.m. the Friday prior to the public hearing. If you wish to receive a copy of the staff report, please call 612-8276 after 3:00 p.m. or email email@example.com.
If you need communication aids or services or other physical accommodations to participate or access this meeting or program of the City of Idaho Falls, you may contact Debra Petty at 612-8276 or the ADA Coordinator, Lisa Farris at 612-8323 as soon as possible and every effort will be made to adequately meet your needs.
1 Planning Commission recommends to City Council
2 Planning Commission approves or denies


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Book of Eli, The
30 years after a nuclear holocaust turned the world into ashes, the United States have transformed into a wasteland where the survivors are split into criminals and victims. In the midst of this, is a man called Eli who's on a mission from God. After receiving a message from the Almighty he's headed West with in his possession a book that needs protection at all cost. When he arrives in a small town ruled by a powerful mobster called Carnegie, it becomes clear his faith and dedication to the book is up for a test.
Sound and Vision:
The image in this movie is heavily stylized with a color palette that's almost completely limited to sepia tones black&white and some greenish/yellowish skies. The detail is stunning and it's like you're watching an artwork rather than a movie. One of the best-looking DVD's we've seen in a while without a doubt.
The sound is equally impressive with constant use of the surround channels and an active subwoofer that gives the whole some extra punch. Excellent!
We've seen plenty of post-apocalyptic movies already and as such Book of Eli immediately brings forth a feeling of deja-vu. The first part resembles I am Legend while once Eli arrives into town we get a more Mad Max type of movie. Does that hurt the experience? Not really.
Book of Eli is shot in such a way that it has a very artistic feeling about it and you can easily get amazed about the beautiful images that are displayed on your screen. Those will make you forget that the message of the movie is to have blind faith in salvation, something that I personally found a bit over the top, and you'll easily sit back, relax and enjoy the view. The Book of Eli doesn't have a lasting experience like I Am Legend, mostly due to its simplistic storyline and all too simple and typical Hollywood-style happy ending, but it's a fun ride to sit out.
The DVD has excellent image and sound quality and the only reason we can think of for buying the Blu-ray is the extras which are absent here. We can imagine the presentation on Blu-ray to be slightly better, but this DVD already does one hell of a job.
From Paris with Love
Damages – Season 2


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Between the trees, coming home is a special occasion.
Each night as you drive through the trees, you'll rediscover why you chose the Eagle Springs® community - everything is perfect, starting with the location. Thoughtfully placed a little out of the way, yet still just about eight miles from Beltway 8 in the northeast Houston metropolitan area, you can be on the freeway in no time. And even though almost everything you need is in Eagle Springs, there's Lake Houston, dozens of golf courses and plenty of shopping and entertainment conveniently found just beyond the trees.


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2008 Chestnut Colt
Trainer: Michael Mareina | |
Jockey: Javier Castellano | |
Owner: Harold L. Queen | |
Breeder: Harold L. Queen |
Little Drama | Burning Roma | Rubiano |
While Rome Burns | ||
Riveting Drama | Notebook | |
Special Token |
There wasn't much sunshine to be found at Gulfstream Park Jan. 19 as Golden Mystery opened the Florida Sunshine Millions program with a romping victory in the $150,000 Filly and Mare Sprint.
Saturday, January 19, 2013Grade I winner Emma's Encore gets her 4-year-old season started in the $150,000 Florida Sunshine Millions Filly and Mare Sprint, one of two sprint stakes on the special program for state-breds Jan. 19 at Gulfstream Park.
Wednesday, January 16, 2013Godolphin Racing's Buffum came out running and never stopped as he posted a gate-to-wire score in the $150,000 Bold Ruler Handicap (gr. III) at Belmont Park Oct. 27.
Saturday, October 27, 2012Closing weekend at Belmont Park is highlighted by a pair of grade III races, with both the $150,000 Bold Ruler Handicap and the $150,000 Turnback the Alarm Handicap for fillies and mares set for Oct. 27.
Wednesday, October 24, 2012Barry Schwartz's homebred The Lumber Guy rallies from just off the pace to win the six-furlong Vosburgh Invitational Stakes (gr. I) Sept. 29 at Belmont in his first start since mid-May.
Saturday, September 29, 2012California invaders Prayer for Relief and Dreamy Kid, both recent graded stakes winners, headline a field of 10 in the $750,000 West Virginia Derby (gr. II) Aug. 6 at Mountaineer Casino, Racetrack & Resort.
Wednesday, August 03, 2011Fifty-seven horses have been nominated for this year's 42nd running of the grade II, $750,000 West Virginia Derby.
Thursday, July 28, 2011Travelin Man and Justin Phillip are both entering off losing efforts, but those two could be the ones to beat in the $250,000 Woody Stephens Stakes (gr. II) for 3-year-old sprinters June 11 at Belmont Park.
Wednesday, June 08, 2011Travelin Man, in just the third start of his career for trainer Todd Pletcher, easily put away his four rivals to register a convincing two-length win in the $147,000 Swale Stakes (gr. II) at Gulfstream Park April 3.
Sunday, April 03, 2011Without Flashpoint, the $150,000 Swale (gr. II) drew a wide-open field of six 3-year-old sprinters April 3 at Gulfstream Park.
Thursday, March 31, 2011E. Paul Robsham Stable's 3-year-old filly R Heat Lightning drilled a bullet half-mile in :47 3/4 at Gulfstream Park March 27 for her role as the likely favorite in the April 2 Gulfstream Park Oaks (gr. II).
Sunday, March 27, 2011Flashpoint, shipping in from New York for Rick Dutrow Jr., stole the show in the $150,000 Hutcheson (gr. II), as he ran away from odds-on favorite Travelin Man to romp by 7 1/4 lengths Feb. 26 at Gulfstream Park.
Saturday, February 26, 2011Crossbow will get a chance to put his sprinting ability to the test Feb. 26 when he faces a tough field in the $150,000 Hutcheson (gr. II) at Gulfstream Park.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011Favored Big Drama dominated the $350,000 Smile Sprint Handicap (gr. II) to cap a grand day for owner/breeder Harold L. Queen on Summit of Speed day at Calder Casino & Race Course July 10.
Saturday, July 10, 2010Trainer: D. Wayne Lukas
Owner: Calumet Farm
Jockey: Gary L. Stevens


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The quick and safe answer is a big NO!!! Inkjet printable fabric is designed to work with inkjet printers. LASER PRINTERS and LASER COPIERS use heat and do not work with inkjet printable fabric.
A couple of things:
First resolution. 300 dpi (dots per inch) is the best resolution ot use. It is what is typically used for commercial photography and provides excellent results on inkjet printable fabric.
Inkjet vs laser. If you want a soft, easy to sew, color fast piece of fabric with a good hand AND a high quality image, then inkjet printable fabric is the best choice for the home sewer. The reason is simple. Good inkjet printable fabric has a chemical built in that binds the ink molecules directly to the fibers in the fabric. This provides a good hand and makes it color fast.
Any heat method, laser, iron on etc. lays the ink on the fabric then uses heat to fuse it to the surface. We've found the result to be stiff (in some cases they smell wierd) and they tend to crack when washed.
I have a great Epson inkjet printer and an great Xerox color laser. If I want high quality photos I use the Epson with the manufacturer's ink and the proper photo paper or inkjet printable fabric. If I want to print our brochures and design booklets, I use the color laser. Pick the proper tool for the job.
Concerning the quality of the finished product. We feel and our customers agree that the quality of the image and the quality of the fabric on our samples are superior to anything out there. Visit us at one of our shows and take a look for yourself.
Finally, we've tested just about every method of getting a picture onto fabric, including laser, heat transfer, chemicals you add yourself and using inkjet printable fabric. From the standpoint of image quality, hand, washability etc. nothing can compare to inkjet printable fabric for quality. We like Color Plus fabric but there are others out there.
The only thing that we found that is superior is a commerical process called dye sublimination. This requires color separations and equipment that is significantly more expensive than an inkjet printer.
Guidelines for good quality printing on fabric:
Come see us at a show or check our web site for products and hints.


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Create a Site
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All That's Fab Funny in Showbiz
Hardly ever has to use a gun. Dies when needs to. -Jeffrey DeMunn
Whenever someone sends me a text that is in the same room I am, this is the look I always give them. -The Walking Dead
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Chard Number 8 Hand Grinder
Chard Number 8 Hand Grinder - The Chard #8 Hand Grinder is built of heavy duty, tin-coated cast iron for years of dependable service.
Chard Number 8 Hand Grinder - Unit has an oversized thumb screw that easily attaches or removes handle. The poly handle is easier to clean and won't split or splinter. Includes: 3/16" grinding plate, adapter, 3 nozzles for links, sausages and bratwursts. Disassembles for quick and easy clean-up.
- Length: 5.5"
- Width: 4"
- Height: 9.875"
- Weight: 4.95 lbs
Customer Support
We are here to help if you need us, please contact Customer Support at:


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Internship Program Information for Employers
What Is An Internship?
An internship is an intensive, responsible work experience related to the student's previous academic studies and career or general goals. It is an opportunity to gain practical experience in their major field of study and to apply knowledge gained in the classroom. It gives the student a chance to find out if a particular field is right for them. It is also a way to earn credits outside of the classroom. Lastly, it is an excellent resume builder and provides an opportunity for students to make useful contacts in their professional field.
When Can A Student Do An Internship?
A student is eligible for an internship when they have achieved sophomore standing or have completed two semesters at Wilmington College. A student must be in good academic standing at the time the internship is approved.
How Many Credits Can a Student Earn?
Between one and six credits can be earned through an internship. A student may include up to 12 internship credits in their Wilmington degree program. Most internships last for one semester. A student may work for shorter periods of time, such as school vacations. Internships are part-time during the academic year, and may be full or part-time during breaks. The majority of the work must be completed during the semester in which the credit is given. For each academic credit earned the student must work 42 contact hours. The contact hours required are as follows:
1 credit = 42 contact hours
2 credits = 84 contact hours
3 credits = 126 contact hours
4 credits = 168 contact hours
5 credits = 210 contact hours
6 credits = 252 contact hours
What Does An Internship Cost?
Tuition for an internship is the same as it is for other credits at Wilmington College. Also, the same add/drop deadlines apply.
How Does a Student Arrange An Internship?
A student can visit the Career Services Office and/or their faculty advisor to discuss their internship goals and to learn what opportunities are available. The Career Services Office will assist students with preparing their cover letters and resumes in preparation for contacting potential internship employers. With assistance the student will then determine the appropriate employers that best meet their goals and send their application materials to them.
Securing an internship can take several months so students should begin this process at least four months before they wish to intern. Some internships are very competitive so multiple sites should be targeted to ensure securing one.
The employer will usually have an interviewing process which candidates must undergo. If the employer agrees to accept a student as their intern then the student must obtain an internship contract from the Career Services Office. This contract has four parts. The first section requires the student to state their learning objectives for the internship. The second part must be completed by the site supervisor who is the person at the internship site who will supervise the student. In this section the supervisor will detail the responsibilities including daily activities and special projects. The third part must be completed by the student's faculty sponsor who must be a full time faculty member in the department in which the student is obtaining the credit. This section indicates what type of credits and the number of credits the student will earn for the internship. It also includes the due dates for the mid-term journal and whether the student will do a final paper or presentation and the due date. This section also may include additional questions that the student must address in their final paper or presentation. The last section requires the student's signature and the signatures of the site supervisor, the faculty sponsor, the faculty advisor and the Director of Career Services. Once the contract is complete it must be submitted to the Career Services Office.
After the Career Services Office has the contract, the director will clear the student to register for the internship. The faculty advisor must also clear the student to register for classes for the term during which the student will be participating in the internship. After the student is cleared they must register for the appropriate type and number of internship credits.
How Will The Internship Be Evaluated?
Throughout the internship the student is required to keep a journal. The journal will be evaluated by the faculty sponsor at mid-term, and at the end of the experience.
The student is also required to submit either a 10-12 page written report on the experience or present a ten minute professional presentation at the end of the semester. The faculty sponsor will evaluate the content and quality of the paper or presentation.
The site supervisor also submits midterm and final evaluation forms, indicating the quality of the student's work. These forms are faxed to the site supervisor when the student submits the contract to the Career Services Office.
If all evaluation materials are approved, a grade of "credit" (not a letter grade) will be entered in the student's transcript.
What Should Be In The Weekly Journal?
The journal must be typed and consist of weekly entries. The student should note at the beginning of each entry the date and the hours worked. Each entry should include the following:
- Description of activities and duties
- Skills, concepts and attitudes learned
- Application of classroom learning
If the student is doing repetitious work, they should thoroughly explain the duties the first time; then refer to that entry in subsequent entries. They do not need to repeat the entry each time they do the same activity.
When the student is describing the application of classroom learning, they should think broadly about their education, not just about the classes in their major. Perhaps they have learned something in classes outside of their major that are applicable.
Two copies of the journal are due in the Student Resource Center at mid-term and at the end of the term. The due date is noted on the contract.
What Are The Final Paper Requirements?
If the student and their faculty sponsor have opted for the final paper, two copies of it are to be received by the Student Resource Center by the due date on the contract. The paper should include the following sections:
- Description of the internship - what, when, with whom and where
- List of objectives for the internship and how the student has met those objectives
- Description of activities, projects and duties
- Detailed explanation of the classroom knowledge that has been applied
- Answer to the questions listed on the contract
- Description of the effects of this internship on the student's career choice.
- The paper will be graded on content, grammar, sentence structure and organization.
What Are The Requirements For The Final Professional Presentation?
If the student and their faculty sponsor have agreed that the student will do a professional presentation for the final project, it should include the following sections:
- History of the company/organization
- Description of activities, projects and duties
- Description of the skills, knowledge and attitudes acquired
- Explanation of the classroom knowledge that has been applied
- Reasons other students should intern with this employer
- The student should note the date, time and location for the final presentation on the contract.
How Can The Employer HelpThe Student Have A Successful Internship Experience?
The site supervisor should communicate clearly and regularly to the student so they understand what is expected of them during the internship. They should know what hours they are to work and what tasks they will perform. The site supervisor should take time to explain the organizational climate and to point out how the employees dress and interact with one another. The supervisor should encourage the student to do their best to "fit in." The student is there to learn and the supervisor should understand that they will make mistakes and that they should learn from them. Encourage the student to be open to all new experiences.
For More Information Contact:
Barbara Kaplan
Director of Career Services
Pyle Center Box 1253
Wilmington College
Wilmington, Ohio 45177
937-382-6661 Ext. 299


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BUNK: Celebrating 60 Years of the Independent Group
£65 / £55 Concessions / £50 ICA Members / £40 Student ICA Members
Single day ticket £33 / £27.50 Concessions / £25 ICA Members / £20 ICA Student Member, phone to book
It's 60 years since the Independent Group first met, and the work is attracting increased attention on an international scale. This two day event celebrates the Independent Group's legacy at the very institution which first fostered and encouraged it. Contributors explore the history and legacy of the Independent Group in relation to art, architecture, design, material culture, photography and critical theory.
The main aim of the conference is to bring together researchers from around the world who are working on aspects of the Independent Group, to pool their knowledge about this historical phenomenon, and share this with a more general audience. The Group represents a key moment in the history of British art and architecture. Although it only met between 1952-5, the issues explored by the members, including architects Alison and Peter Smithson, James Stirling and Colin St John Wilson; artists Magda Cordell, Richard Hamilton, Nigel Henderson, John McHale, Eduardo Paolozzi and Nigel Henderson; and writers Lawrence Alloway, Reyner Banham and Toni del Renzio, continue to resonate today. The history of the Independent Group has come under increased scrutiny internationally over the past ten years, and this event will provide an opportunity for researchers to meet and share their enthusiasm with each other and with a broader audience at the ICA.
Curated by Anne Massey, speakers include Juan Cabello Arribas, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh, Beatriz Colomina, Barry Curtis, Ben Cranfield, Charlie Gere, Dirk van den Heuvel, Ben Highmore, Richard Hornsey, Stephen Kite, Alex Seago, John-Paul Stonard, Andrew Kim Tyler and Victoria Walsh. There will also be film screenings, including unseen excerpts from the Turnbull Studio film, Beyond Time and a BUNK display in the ICA Studio.
For more information, contact Victoria Sanchez at email@example.com
Download the BUNK conference programme
The event represents the first stage of a collaboration between The School of Art and Design History at Kingston University and the ICA, and is supported by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art.


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Easy to install, lightweight, flexible solar panels are now a reality. Seamless integration gives you all the advantages of solar power without much pain in the rear. These low maintenance roll out solar tiles from IB Roofing require no additional support or engineering, just roll them out, tack them down, and plug them in.
Everything can be installed by a single contractor. Federal and state tax credits are available for almost anything with the word "solar" in it.
One key benefit of these lightweight panels is the low price to temporarily remove and replace them when your roof needs to be repaired or replaced. Typically, dismounting and reassembling and older era solar array could run $3-5,000.
The price to outfit a typical home with these panels is generally around $7-$9,000. Roof Tax Credits will typically cover up 30% of the total installation costs (with no cap).
I think these have a chance of getting extremely popular once they have withstood a few years of storms and build some reputation.


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The Peninsula Beijing > Enticements >
Walk on the Wild Side
Walk on the Wild Side
China's historic Great Wall has long been a magnet for visitors, but few have ventured off the beaten path to visit the wilder side of this spectacular World Heritage site. This year, guests of The Peninsula Beijing will have the chance to hike along an un-restored section of the wall under the guidance of The Peninsula Academy, traversing uneven paths and veiwing sights that have rarely been seen. During the eight-hour trip, an expert on the site and its environs will reveal lesser-known facts about the Great Wall and related Chinese history and participants will pause to enjoy a picnic lunch.
The Wild Great Wall tour is available for RMB 1,650 per person, with a minimum of two particpants.
For more information, reservations and rates, please contact the Concierge at The Peninsula Beijing on (86-10) 8516 2888 ext. 4 or e-mail
. Two days' advance booking is required. Cancellations must be made with a minimum of 12 hours' notice to avoid a cancellation fee.
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Colo-X Datacentre Colocation
Datacentre Search
Blue Square Data
Colo-X Description
Blue Square Data run two facilities in Maidenhead and Milton Keynes.
They are an ISO9001 Certified organisation
Datacentres and Sub-markets
Related Insights
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We help colocation and data centre buyers find the right suppliers, quickly and easily - let us help you
Datacentre search
Tim Anker founded The Colocation Exchange in 2004 and was previously director of IP and Colo services at Band-X from 1999.
- Its all a matter of perspectives: colocation oversupply or surging demand?!
- Telehouse secure land to expand Docklands campus
- UK Wholesale data centre market opens opportunities for colocation users
- CBRE Q2 European Data Centre Viewpoint – including guest column by Colo-X on colocation pricing in the UK
- Dublin's Web Summit October 2011


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Annual summit on measurement of comms to be held in Madrid |
Tuesday, 02 October 2012 12:15 |
The Association for Measurement and Evaluation of Communication (AMEC) will hold its fifth annual European Summit on Measurement in Madrid on 5-7 June 2013. The summit will will highlight best practice for public relations and communications professionals. Hotwire PR, the integrated PR and comms agency, is set to update its Hotwire Measurement Framework, a similar measurement system for public relations based on the AMEC framework. Executive director of AMEC, Barry Leggetter, says that Hotwire's work is helping to prove the importance of measurement in the industry. Last year's summit featured speakers and workshops from around the communications industry and saw 200 delegates from 40 countries attend. This year in Madrid, the headline sponsor will be Acceso, a Spanish media evaluation company. "Demonstrating the value of communication is a major challenge for professionals all over Europe," Sergi Guillot, director general of Acceso, says. "Acceso is delighted to be the main sponsor of the European Summit. We know from our previous summit experience that this event is critically important at a time when interest in PR research and measurement has never been higher." Leggetter says the 2010 Barcelona edition of the annual summit produced new thinking that AMEC hopes to inspire again in Madrid. |


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HeartburnHeartburn is a feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain that often starts in the upper abdomen just beneath the lower breastbone (sternum). This discomfort may spread in waves upward into your throat, and you may have a sour taste in your mouth. Heartburn is sometimes called indigestion, acid regurgitation, sour stomach, or pyrosis.
eMedicineHealth Medical Reference from Healthwise This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions. To learn more visit Healthwise.org © 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. |
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Heirloom Roses offers a wide range of beautiful, own-root, virus-free rose plants for your garden.
Alba Meidiland®
$17.50Profuse large clusters of very double pure white blooms that drop their old petals so that no deadheading is necessary. The spreading plant is covered in dark, glossy foliage that shows off the pure white blooms to perfection. Petals 40+, Bloom 1 1/2" Learn More -
Alec's Red®
$17.50Beautiful, almost black buds open into large 6" fully double, globular blooms (petals 30+) of crimson to cherry red. Blessed with a very strong, rich damask perfume. A vigorous, upright bush with dark-green foliage. Learn More -
Alfred Colomb
$17.50'Alfred Colomb' exhibits flowers of bright crimson with a darker blush and is healthy and vigorous. The fragrance of the flowers is a delight. Nearly thornless Learn More -
$17.50Bred from 'Fragrant Cloud' this continual blooming intensely fragrant climbing rose with pointed buds open into fully double blooms of salmon, with a brownish cast. Very beautiful, yet unusual. Large mid-green foliage. Learn More -
$17.50A continual blooming, beautiful, many petaled 4 1/2" blooms of pink shading to cream. A vigorous, upright, narrow bush with dark-green foliage that is ideal for a free-standing pillar or makes a great show pegged. 50+ petals. Learn More -
Apricot Twist™
$8.50Beautifully formed, fully double blooms of delicate apricot-amber. The fragrant flowers are produced on a vigorous bushy plant. Hardy zones 5-10. Learn More -
Ardoisée de Lyon
$17.50Wonderful, strong old rose fragrance, quartered, fully double 4" blooms of deep pink with purple and violet shading. A compact, bushy plant with grey-green foliage. A rare and beautiful rose. Repeat bloom, Learn More -
Aurelia Liffa
$17.50A very hardy rambler with lush foliage is great for growing into trees or pegging. The bush with lots of thorns produces a mass of blooms that are scarlet to crimson, often having a purple cast to them. Does well in partial shade. Large blooms are borne mostly solitary on a vigorous bush having lots of thorns. A good subject for pegging. Petals 26-40 Learn More -
Baron Girod de L'Ain
$17.50Strong fragrance with this repeat blooming rose. Can bloom in either full sun or partial shade, as it is shade tolerant. Prefers cooler regions. Large, full blooms with 26-40 petals and good from zones 6-10. Additional photos of 'Baron Girod de L'Ain' are available on HelpMeFind Learn More -
Baronne Prévost
$17.50Magnificent, very fragrant, voluptuous, fully double 4" blooms (petals 40+) of elegant, deep rose-pink. The flowers open flat and are quartered with a button eye. An upright, vigorous, well-foliaged bush. Most outstanding. Excellent for exhibition. Learn More


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Zents Mandarin Perfume
Since this was not in the database, I am reviewing it as a blog. This was included in the August Total Beauty Collection. This is a really fragrant perfume. It smells very exotic with a hint of spice and oranges. It is not overpowering and very light. I have had it on for several hours now, and I keep getting a whiff of the fragrance. It is really a beautiful aroma. I rate this a 10, and suggest you buy the Total Beauty Collection so you can try it.
Report blog post as inappropriate


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What our clients say...
"You're a miracle worker!"
"I can see she just loves you."
Click here to read Bella's Story
"Marc, I must say you are an amazing individual. I have never seen nor heard of anyone who is able to communicate with dogs this well."
Aaron & Jenny
"She's better than we ever thought she could be."
"She's like a dream dog. We can take her to PetSmart now and she behaves. It's amazing!"
"He's 100% better. I always loved my dog. Now I can trust him too."
"For once I am not embarrassed, but proud!! I can tell he is a much happier pet. Thank you!!"
"Every day is a good day for Zoey! She is such a happy little dog and so well behaved. She has learned not to bark at the roofer, the painter, the house siding crew, the window man, the neighbor ...."
Ring the Potty Bell
Teach your Dog to Ring the Potty Bell! One of the most useful tricks a dog can learn is to ring a bell when it's time to "go!" Not only can you teach Marc Goldberg's handy alert system to YOUR dog or young puppy, but you can accomplish the training in two weeks or less. We teach you how to teach your dog to Ring the Potty Bell as a simple game making it fun for both of you. Never miss another potty break...now your dog will give you a jingle! Only $5.99.
God Wants Me To Be A Good Dog! |
How to stop behaviors in the house without the battle of willpower.by Marc Goldberg The concept of correcting your dog can create a contest of willpower between you and your pet. Anyone who has ever lived with even a slightly naughty dog can tell you that such critters thrive on contests of willpower. A four year old child whining in Walmart for a candy bar still hasn't got the reserve of willpower held by the average dog. For example, if you've ever corrected your dog from getting up on the couch or eating off a counter, he knows you don't like him doing it. Does he stop? Heck no. He simply does the behavior when you're not looking. Or maybe he even does it in front of you with a look that says, go ahead, try and stop me. That's because Fido knows what you want. But he just knows he has the option of doing it anyway because maybe, just maybe, today is the day when mom or dad doesn't have the strength to deal with me. The answer is NOT to yell at or correct your dog more or harder. That's a hard lesson to learn for most pet owners. But as you may have found by now, correcting more and more simply makes for an enjoyable challenge for the dog. He thinks, "Go ahead, make my day, because I feel lucky today, punk." Let's take luck out of the training process! Here is a set of simple instructions to follow to stop your dog from doing an indoor behavior such as getting on the couch, snarfing food off counters, eating the trash, etc.
You may only have to do the above once or twice to make the couch (trash, or whatever) a "bad place" for Fido. But what you have removed from the contest is YOURSELF. You have made the contest between Fido and God, and believe me, God always wins. |
Boarding School
Boarding School
Option 1. Boarding School: In only two weeks, your dog comes home trained to be a happy, polite companion...on and off leash. The investment for our boarding school program pays off for a lifetime. You'll be able to go everywhere together. That's because we only use our amazing ForceFree™ Method. All behavior issues are covered, including housebreaking if it's a problem. And remember...the training is GUARANTEED for the lifetime of your dog.
Click Here for more information
Drop 'N Shop
Drop 'N Shop
Option 2. Drop 'N Shop Training: The immediate solution for rowdiness! Drop your dog off for two hours on four consecutive days. Just head to the mall, or do some grocery shopping. We'll train for excellent on leash manners. Plus you'll get a reliable off leash recall...even under distracting conditions. That's right! No more pulling. You can also play with your loose dog. He'll always come when called. Call for availability. This program is appropriate for dogs who are not aggressive and are 6 months or older. Bartlett location.
Please call us at 800-516-0001 for more information.
Private Lessons
Private Lessons
Option 3. Private Lesson Program: For those who wish to invest a bit of their own time and achieve savings. A series of six ForceFree™ lessons at our location teaches your dog excellent behavior that lasts. Most clients see dramatic improvements within two weeks. We'll do a demonstration with your dog, and if you're not amazed, you owe nothing! Covered are: leash manners, ignoring other dogs and people, jumping, mouthing, sit, down, stay, and come (on and off leash). Call for availability.
Please call us at 800-516-0001 for more information.
Pack Leader Session
Pack Leader Session
Option 4. Pack Leader Session: We'll meet and evaluate your dog so we can tell you "WHY your dog is doing that." Together, we design a program you can do at home, calling in to report and discuss progress. Come for two hours and leave many of your problems behind. Call for details and to see if this option is appropriate for you.
Please call us at 800-516-0001 for more information.
Potty Camp™
Potty Camp™ Housebreaking Program
Option 5. : If you have a house breaking problem, our Potty Camp program is the answer! Virtually every puppy and dog can be trained to be clean in the home. If you need us, we're ready to help you get this job done! Potty Camp not only gets you the help you need, it's FUN for your puppy! We can even teach your pup to use a litter box.
Click for details: Potty Camp™ Housebreaking Program
Travel 'N Train
Travel 'N Train
Option 7. Travel 'N Train: We can travel to your location and train at your home, business, or vacation home...wherever your dog enjoys life with you, domestic or international. While this service is not for everyone, it is an excellent option for those who travel extensively with their dogs. Training may include but is not limited to training for good behavior on private planes or jets, and total off leash reliability on the beach and with horses. This training program is customized according to your lifestyle. Call for fees and availability.


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Description of the test
The multiple choice test will consist of 180 multiple choice questions. The exam will be divided into morning and afternoon periods of three hours each, with 90 questions in each period.
The questions will test Part A of the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) Day One Outcomes namely:
A1 Knowledge of the jurisdiction, authority and procedures of the legal institutions and professions that initiate, develop, interpret and apply the law of England and Wales and the European Union
A2 Knowledge of applicable constitutional law and judicial review processes
A3 Knowledge of the rules of professional conduct, including the Solicitors' Accounts Rules
A4 Knowledge of the regulatory and fiscal frameworks within which business, legal and financial services transactions are conducted
A5 Understanding of Contract law
A6 Understanding of Torts
A7 Understanding of Criminal law
A8 Understanding of Land law
A9 Understanding of Equitable rights and obligations
A10 Understanding of Human Rights
A11 Understanding of the laws applicable to business structures and the concept of legal personality
Indicative content is also given by the SRA for its Day One Outcomes which will help you prepare for the test.
The 180 questions will be divided roughly equally between each of these 11 outcomes.
Each of the questions on the test is followed by five possible answers. Candidates should choose the best answer from the stated alternatives. Each question is designed to be answered by applying fundamental legal principles to the given fact patterns. Candidates should mark only one answer for each question. Multiple answers will not be counted. Marks are based on the number of questions answered correctly.
Please note that at the end of the MCT all question papers will be collected in as will all rough work. You will not be allowed to remove the question paper or anything else including rough working.
Marking of the test
The MCT will be marked using an optical scanner. Each correct response will receive a mark. Multiple answers will not be counted. No marks will be deducted for incorrect responses. The mark for the two parts of the MCT will be aggregated to derive the overall mark.
Passing the test
In order to pass the MCT candidates must obtain the overall pass mark for the MCT. This pass mark will be determined by a "Standard Setting Panel" convened by the SRA.
For further details see the Marking and Moderation Policy.
Permitted Materials
There will be no permitted materials for the MCT. Candidates will be provided with an HB pencil and a calculator.
Fit to sit
You should be aware that a "Fit to Sit" Policy will be in operation for all assessments. Essentially by attending an assessment you are certifying yourself as being fit to sit it and you will be required to sign a form to this effect at the beginning of each assessment. Full details of the Fit to Sit Policy are in the Assessment Regulations.
Provision will be made for candidates with exemptions. Please refer to the SRA website for further details regarding exemptions.
Applicable law
Unless otherwise stated in advance candidates will be assessed on the law in force at the time of the assessment.
Sample Questions
The following sample questions illustrate the kind of questions that will appear on the MCT. Each question is followed by five suggested answers. The correct answer is the best of the stated alternatives. The sample questions do not represent all the material that will be covered by the MCT. To model the pacing required for a full MCT these questions should be answered in 40 minutes. The answer key is at the end of the questions.
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