text:
Migrating the Drupal way. Part I: creating a node.
Update: Acquia has released a great migration whitepaper to help you get ready to move to Drupal.
My position with Acquia will find me helping out with a lot of migrations and upgrades. I'm going to embark on a multiple-part blog to discuss some of the common techniques that I use when moving clients to Drupal.
Migrating to Drupal can seem intimidating if you already maintain a database-driven website. However, populating a Drupal site with your current content might be easier than you think. Whether you are migrating from a popular CMS or a fully custom application, you can easily use Drupal modules to mimic your current data structures and migrate your data using a simple custom PHP script. I should note that while there are several different methods to accomplish this task, this happens to be my favorite.
When interacting with Drupal, it's a good idea to do things the Drupal way. Fortunately, Drupal core allows you to bootstrap Drupal and use all of its API functionality outside of a normal Drupal instance. For yours truly, learning about this has been a godsend because it provides a fast, simple way to migrate data.
Creating a basic node
When writing an import script, you will need to bootstrap Drupal to use the API functions. Using drupal_bootstrap($phase), you can load Drupal up to a certain loading phase by designating a $phase argument. The value of $phase allows you to specifically load the site configuration, database layer, modules and other requisite functionality. For our purposes, we will use drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL) to make sure that we have access to the whole API.
Note: Make sure that you create this script in the root of your Drupal installation.
// Bootstrap Drupal
require 'includes/bootstrap.inc';
For a simple example, we will create a basic node object and save it in our Drupal database using node_save().
// Construct the new node object.
$node = new stdClass();
// Your script will probably pull this information from a database.
$node->title = "My imported node";
$node->body = "The body of my imported node.\n\nAdditional Information";
$node->type = 'story'; // Your specified content type
$node->created = time();
$node->changed = $node->created;
$node->status = 1;
$node->promote = 1;
$node->sticky = 0;
$node->format = 1; // Filtered HTML
$node->uid = 1; // UID of content owner
$node->language = 'en';
// If known, the taxonomy TID values can be added as an array.
$node->taxonomy = array(2,3,1,);
Creating more complex nodes
The script above will create a new node with a title and body that is published and promoted to the homepage. However, the process becomes more slightly more complicated if you have more data than simple title and body fields. The CCK module is a popular method to extend your nodes by adding any number of custom fields. When Drupal displays your content, CCK adds your custom fields to the node object using hook_nodeapi(). Luckily, you can replicate this by adding your own fields in the import script. So, how can you find out the structure of these fields? One really easy method is to use the Devel module.
Using the Devel module
The Devel module is a great way to see, among other things, the structure of the node object which is invaluable in this case. After installing the module and viewing a node you will see new tabs: Dev load and Dev render. Click the Dev load tab, then click the "... (Object) stdClass" header to expand the node object definition. Here you will find some familiar data like nid, type, etc. Near the bottom, you will see some other definitions that begin with "field_". These should resemble the CCK fields that you created for your node type.
Depending on your CCK definitions, the assignments in your import script might look like one of the following:
$node->field_text_field[0]['value'] = "value 1";
$node->field_text_field[1]['value'] = "2nd value";
$node->field_nodereference[0]['nid'] = 58;
Add these assignments to your import script and you will start to see the power of the Drupal API. Let's say you are migrating from another CMS with a number of related fields, categories, images, etc. You could expand this script to iterate through your old database and map all of the related elements to a corresponding node object. Execute your script, and all of your old data will now become Drupal data! The best part about using the API is that it takes care of all of everything from search indexing to path aliases and all of the other little things we might overlook.
Migrating to Drupal can seem like a daunting task, but when doing things the Drupal way it's quite straight forward. Whether you are planning a migration of 100 nodes or 100,000 nodes, proper scripting can make it seem like a breeze!
node_save is one way to create the node, but my preference is drupal_execute which has the benefit of creating the node in a more Drupalish way (i.e. executing the validation from modules that care about the node prior to it being saved). node_save is probably faster, but I'd rather have valid data than fast data.
There is a really good guide about this on http://drupal.org/ node/178506#comment-895418
Also I'm sad we never got to meet while you were in Boulder (you were out here, right? or did you just work for velonews from somewhere else?). Hopefully we'll get to meet up in D.C.
One trick I've picked up after a myriad of different imports, is node_o bject_prepare.
Take for example your code above. If I just want to fill in status, promote, and sticky, and set the date to the current time;
Construct the new node object.
$node = new stdClass();
$node->type =
'story'; // Your specified
content type
node_object_prepare($node); // just
filled in default values for uid, status, promote, status, date,
created, and revision properties
// Your script will
probably pull this information from a database.
$node->title = "My
imported node";
$node->body = "The body
of my imported node.\n\nAdditional Information";
This usually sets defaults for most items, and you can always override the uid, date or other items later. The biggest benefit of this, is the invocation of hook_prepare and hook_nodeapi (with op 'prepare'). If you have other modules that take advantage of these hooks, and want them to work on our imported nodes, then you will need to call node_object_prepare with your node, at some point in your import script.
Note that you could just as easily call this from the end of your import script as well, but then you wouldn't have the chance to override it's values.
For information, I just add this line at the begining of the script:
to be able to use node_object_prepare
Thx guys for your tricks, you save my day !
Thanks for the tips, everyone!
I'm having trouble using node_save with a cck nodereference field (on Drupal 5.x). Anyone know of further documentation on that?
A number of entries at drupal.org mention the problem (e.g. http://drupal.org/node/275754
) but haven't helped. It seems that using a select list on a custom
form to set the value will work, but programatically setting the value
using the syntax suggested above
$node->field_nodereference[0]['nid'] = 58; will fail.
Thanks for the summary, Kevin: the little fiddly bits like
status can cause
node_save to fail silently,
and it's really hard with just the Devel module alone to work out
precisely what's the bare minimum needed to save a node.
If anyone's interested, Node factory is really good at handling the bare bones of node creation (basically the second PHP block in your post). It's still considered bleeding-edge by its maintainer, because I think he wants to nail CCK support, but for one-time imports I'd happily use it to set up basic nodes without reservation.
Another big point, in the drupal_execute() vs. node_save() decision, is that using node_save() will bypass most validation for nodes such as required and non-required fields, allowed values for CCK fields, length of fields and any custom validation you've added in a custom module.
This can be a big advantage or a huge shock depending on how you look at it. I tend to prefer using node_save() over drupal_execute() for this reason. I don't particularly care for sanitizing my clients data for them, unless we agree to not import anything that doesn't validate, but many times in the course of importing there is an occasional missing field which can throw errors with drupal_execute().
This is really great. Seeing the thinking here on migration is really useful. I hope that you write some more blog entries.
This IS very handy. Would you mind if I used your code in an upcoming video I'm doing for Lynda.com?
Tom Geller * San Francisco * http://www.tomgeller.com
http://www.gellerguides.com * http://www.savemyhomebook.com
Thanks for the code examples, Kevin. They were a huge help. I used them to create a FAPI module that saves both nodes and users. I'll post some code examples below:
// Take in form data
// Create a new user +
content_profile if necessary
// Log in user
// Save
calculator_input node
function pr_calculator_form_submit( $form_id, &$form_state ){
global $user;
// Report success
t('Thank you for using the
calculator. Your results are below.') );
// Check DB for existing user w matching email address
$local_user = pr_calculator_find_user(
$user, $form_state['values']['email'] );
// Deal w case where
user does not exist
if( empty($local_user->uid) ) {
$user_data = array(
'is_new' => TRUE,
'status' => 1,
'mail' => $form_state['values']['email'],
'name' => $form_state['values']['email'],
'pass' => substr( $form_state['values']['email'], 0, 8 ),
=> array( 2=>TRUE),
$local_user = user_save( NULL,
$user_data );
user: %name (%email).',
array('%name' =>
'%email' => $form_state['values']['email']),
l(t('edit'), 'user/'. $local_user->uid .'/edit')
// Now create the profile
$time =
$owner_uid =
(isset($local_user->uid) &&
$profile_node = new stdClass();
$profile_node->title = $local_user->name;
$profile_node->body = '';
= 'profile';
// Your specified content type
$profile_node->created = $time;
$profile_node->changed = $time;
$profile_node->status = 1;
$profile_node->promote = 0;
$profile_node->sticky = 0;
= 1;
// Filtered HTML
$profile_node->uid = $owner_uid; // UID of content owner
$profile_node->field_first_name[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['first_name'];
$profile_node->field_last_name[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['last_name'];
$profile_node->field_title[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['title'];
$profile_node->field_company[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['company'];
// Assemble node
$time = time();
$owner_uid = (isset($local_user->uid) && !empty($local_user->uid)?$local_user->uid:1);
$create_node = new stdClass();
= 'Calculate how much you can save!';
$create_node->body = '';
= 'calculator_input';
// Your specified content type
$create_node->created = $time;
$create_node->changed = $time;
= 1;
$create_node->promote = 0;
= 0;
= 1;
// Filtered HTML
= $owner_uid; // UID of content owner
$create_node->field_avg_billing_rate[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['avg_billing_rate'];
$create_node->field_num_matrixes[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['num_matrixes'];
$create_node->field_avg_hours_per_week[0]['value'] = $form_state['values']['avg_hours_per_week'];
// Get nid
$new_node = node_load( array(
=> 'calculator_input',
=> $time,
=> $time,
=> $owner_uid
// Redirect to the
new node page
array('#redirect' => 'node/'.$new_node->nid ) );
What about if you wanted to create the node with a specific node id instead of using the next sequence number. You cannot assign a nid using node_save. Any ideas?
Thanks for these great tips. I was wondering if there's a good way to import pages and map them to a menu item programmatically. (i.e. import an 'about us' page, then map that page/path to the primary menu. I can see how the path is set, but not how mapping to a particular menu item is accomplished.) Any thoughts?
How do you create node id's in a programmatic fashion? When I use node_save() it fails to create nodes if I specify a nid.
For new nodes, set $node['nid']='' (nothing)
For my imports, I always have to check whether the node has already been imported, since our import data may have been edited. In that case, if I've found an existing node (by checking the cck field where I stored the imported data's 'original' id), I load that node and set $node['updated'] to time() and $node['revision'] to 1 (create revision) or 0 (do not).
There is no reason to ever manually specify a node['nid'] (other than updates, as stated above). In D6 it's an auto-increment field. If you need to store an original id (as we do), you'll have to put it in a cck field.
Anyone got an idea of how to create multiple images with your new nodes, where the images are the standard cck image widget type?
I'm trying to import data using an insert if it doesn't already exist, update if it does strategy. Luckily, the record id of the import data file is the same as the nid of the existing node (if any such).
I perform a full bootstrap, but when I call node_load($nid) to determine whether the first node exists I get garbage back. I stepped into the code and the problem seems to be related to drupal not properly unserializing the schema data after retrieving it from the cache.
-> drupal_schema_fields_sql()
-> drupal_get_schema()
-> cache_get('schema')
Am I missing something? Is there something else I need to do after bootstrapping drupal in order to access existing nodes?


text:
Boonville man falls into creek
The Boonville Police Department responded to a call at 12:55 p.m. Monday regarding an incident of a man falling into a creek near the Katy Trail Entrance at the corner of Spring and First Streets.
An individual was walking back to his place of residence when he slipped and fell into the creek. When the police arrived friends of the individual had helped him out of the creek. The individual was then transported to Cooper County Memorial Hospital.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ya que ha dejado en su pasado la época de los años 70, el presentador de noticias más cotizado de San Diego, Ron Burgundy (Will Ferrell) regresa a la mesa del boletín noticiero en "Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues ". Volvemos a ver a Verónica Corningston (Christina Applegate) quien es la copresentadora y esposa de Ron ; a Brick...
Sinopsis completa
Leer todos los detalles de producción
Ya que ha dejado en su pasado la época de los años 70, el presentador de noticias más cotizado de San Diego, Ron Burgundy (Will Ferrell) regresa a la mesa del boletín noticiero en "Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues ". Volvemos a ver a Verónica Corningston (Christina Applegate) quien es la copresentadora y esposa de Ron ; a Brick Tamland el meteorólogo (Steve Carell), el hombre ordinario de la calle Brian Fantana (Paul Rudd) y el aficionado de los deportes Champ Kind (David Koechner) – todos con una calidad distinta que contribuye a que nada sea ni tan elegante ni tan sofisticado en todo momento mientras que todos aterrizan en esta cadena televisiva de noticias que reporta los acontecimientos las 24 horas del día.
Lamentamos decirle que no hay cines en -1 Kms del código postal 07960 que está exhibiendo la película "Al diablo con las noticias 2" en lunes, 25 de junio.Por favor intente:- ampliar la distancia de la búsqueda o - ingresar un nuevo código postal o- seleccionar otra fecha. Si luego de intentar varias opciones distintas sigue sin aparecer un horario para su película es probable que no esté siendo exhibida cerca de usted.
For the past nine years, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy has enjoyed lasting celebration for its collection of all-purpose one liners. You'd be amazed at how frequently people manage to shout "Milk was a bad choice!" in regular conversation. But they do. Because they love it. And for my money, Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues has its own plump share of moments just as funny.
Admittedly, I've never found the original Anchorman to be all that uproarious. Some were hooked straight away, others grew fond of the wacky comedy over the years. But it never rang more than occasionally amusing for me. In Anchorman 2, the laughter is even more occasional. But when it hits, it's arguably more amusing. I'm thinking, foremost, of throwaway gags like the news team cackling over their mutual distaste for workdays, or plunging headfirst into an copy of Garfield at Large. Bits and pieces like these throughout the movie showcase some terrific humor, with a few of the larger conceits — like Ron Burgundy's mid-movie relationship with a beached baby shark — also landing, and hard. Unfortunately, they are separated by long, slow, dry spells. But to be honest, even this movie's dry spells rarely lose watchability.
The biggest shortcoming of Anchorman 2 can be pegged to the transformation of Steve Carell's weatherman character Brick Tamland. When we first meet Brick in the original film, he's no more than a dimwitted weirdo, exhibiting anxiety and obliviousness in his few choice moments center stage. But such is not the case when we reunite with Brick in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues. He's shouting hysterically, can't put a sentence together, and has no understanding of what is going on around him at any given time. And this doesn't work. It's not funny when Brick parades around the office like Godzilla, or takes full multi-minute scenes to wrap his mind around the simplest of concepts. Instead, it's grating. So it's quite the problem that this new Brick gets double the screentime and material of his old counterpart. Paired with an equally empty-headed Kristen Wiig, Brick enjoys his own romantic journey. There is no conflict keeping the two apart; their story just functions as a collection of interwoven scenes of two adults acting like moronic aliens — so it is played entirely for laughs. And, unfortunately, it deserves not a one.
The outstanding negatives end there. It's not always hilarious when Ron Burgundy struggles with the racial divide between himself and his new boss/ladyfriend Linda Jackson (Meagan Good), but it's consistently affable. The rivalry between Ron and ex-wife Veronica's new beau Gary (Greg Kinnear, playing a psychologist with a ponytail — and how) churns out some hearty chuckles. And kudos to the script for handing more material to David Koechner's lovably rancid Champ Kind, although I wouldn't turn my nose up at an Anchorman 2 that had more for Paul Rudd to do.
But the biggest victory of Anchorman 2 is that it actually has something to say about the news. Anchorman (likewise Will Ferrell's follow-up features Talladega Nights and the non-Adam McKay venture Blades of Glory) was primarily about gender roles and America's obsessive definition of masculinity. But Anchorman 2 looks specifically at the media, castigating the news industry for what it has devolved into. The film's message is broad, not especially constructive of a moral or solution, and not at all something we haven't seen before. But hey, it's been a while since Network, so this'll do just fine for the time being.
The cultural phenomenon that was born from Anchorman is a rarity, reserved for special kinds of comedies that are just weird enough at just the right time. Anchorman 2 has all that weirdness in stock — hell, its climactic scene (the very best part of the movie, hands down) has more insanity in a three-minute span than the first movie does entirely. And in truth, it's worth seeing just for that. But leading
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text:
Nemmy believe in me, who believes in you
Fan of 15 Teams
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Nemmy wrote in Three Word Story Game
Later that night
7 years ago
Yea well thats a good start for us i hope we do well in this yr champions league....................i see that inter got all the uefa players of the year positi...
I guess I missed the dreamfooty transfer season... Chelsea got a quite easy group in the CL it won't be hard to qualify to the next round
Yea we had a good start hope we can do that good with tougher oppositions, how come u dont have a team yet?
Hi, yup new couch, but i'm not really satisfied with the choice, btw the team is great, so i hope they will do well anyways. Chelsea had a great start, keep it ...
Hey nemmy the new season is on the way i see u guys have a new coach, wonder how you guys r going to do now.
1 trophy in the bag this year, 2 to go :)
8 years ago
On Rich7s wall
Oh I forgot, good luck for Chelsea on the weekend, but I guess there's no need for luck against Wigan, they just need to play that great football they played in...
I hope so, Inter really deserves to win the CL after going through Barcelona, everyone who can beat them deserves it :) The final will definitely be a great mat...
Yea thanks well now that inter have beaten us they have to go all the way and lift the ucl trophy to show there worth cuz they r a really good team n i respect ...
It was a hard and tactical match, after the first half I wouldn't bet on Inter's win, but I think they played better in the second half so the result was deserv...
Well tomorrow is the big day in the ucl i dont know who is going to win but i believe chelsea will do it comfortably, i know u will think differently but may th...
Well i cant wait for the second leg either it should ah very exciting game i am confident that chelsea will win this game, but mat the better team win good luck...
It was definitely a great match, and I agree, that should have been a penalty in the end of the first half. Of course Inter did well defensively this is one of ...
Inter v chelsea game was ah great game, your team did well defensively i give lucio inter's player of the match, but i think we deserved a penalty at the end of...
Cheers man. Thanks for the add. Good luck in the Champions League, though I don't think you need much luck. Inter is solid. Cheers!
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If you disagree with what i say or the team i cheer for.... dont vote for rude... everybody is entitled to their opinion and the team they support. FORZA INTER
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Yea well that's a good start for us I hope we do well in this year champions league.... .... I see that inter got all the uefa players of the year positions, well done to you guys
How come it doesn't let you save?
Yea we had a good start hope we can do that good with tougher oppositions, how come you don't have a team yet?
Hey nemmy the new season is on the way I see you guys have a new coach, wonder how you guys are going to do now
8 years ago
Good luck for the final chap, I'm sure you'll hammer 'em!
Nemmy's dreamfooty team


text: Save This Event For Later 2013 Northwest Cycling Club Membership Cypress, TX, Tue Jan 1, 2013 - Wed Jan 1, 2014 Contact Event | Event Website | Google Calendar Start line address: Cypress, TX 77410 Presented by Northwest Cycling Club This is a past event. If you wish to see the details for this event click, "Continue" below. If you are looking for a current event, please search the event calendar .


text:
fellow genealogist, Steve Kalemkiewicz was doing some research using the Dziennik Polski – Detroit, Historical Newspapers. He discovered, Stanczyk's paean to that newspaper (at the preceding link) and graciously provided this jester with a slew of new data/funeral cards. He had collected a funeral card of his ancestor (Marta Dłubisz) and he thought to gather others as well from his research efforts and pass them along to my ever growing database of Detroit Polonia, as chronicled in the former daily newspaper, Dziennik Polski (Detroit). The new funeral cards (all from 1963) can be found with some already existing samples at the follow web address:
Here are the names of the new files (Funeral Cards):


text:
The Great Water Pump Debate,
I am always compelled to read and posts on water pumps on the forum, I just would like to know why you get crucified for using a water pump?
But… Model A cranks, Z heads, Aluminum pistons, High compression pistons, High compression heads,
Distributors, Ball bearing ball caps, Alternators, 12 volt conversions, Quartz conversions for gas lights,
Turn signals, Ruckstells, Adjustable tappets, and the list goes on . But you don't get a tongue lashing for any of those.
Correct me if I am wrong but all pre Ts had water pumps and the Model As after. Could the no water pump on the T been the attempt by Mr. Ford to save money???
I found out the hard and expensive way that trying to make an old radiator work isn't worth it, just get a new one and then see if you want a water pump.
I do run water pumps on my Ts simply because I like to go to parades and I think it helps. I have also heard it will rob horse power, if so not enough to notice, I can keep up to every one with my heavy Town Car.
Just ask Jim Eck . (HA…HA..) sorry Jim.
This is posted for FUN and LIGHT conversation…..
Curiously , Rick ( the water pump ) Nelson
There are 3 reasons I don't put a water pump on my car. 1. I would have to buy a new fan belt. 2. I would have to rebuild my fan hub to take the extra load. 3. I would have to replace the 60+ year old radiator hoses
i was wondering the same thing
I have always run a water pump with no problem on several T's that I have own. I just finish a 27 Roadster with a new engine and tranny. Clean block and radiator. I am going to run this T with NO waterpump to see how the other lived. My buddy has run no water pump for 30 years with no trouble. So here goes. There nothing like a T in my book.Best car Ford ever built.
My '23 touring seems to do OK without one. The old saying, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it," seems to apply here. If the car works without it, why complicate things by adding more moving parts that can go wrong?
Someone recently posted the density change of water with temperature on the forum. It turns out that there is very little density change until the water gets really hot, near the boiling point. This means that a thermosiphon system will naturally run hot without a themostat.
Engines should be run hot (near the boiling point of water). The reason is that the gasoline is more thoroughly vaporized and the water vapor, a product of combustion, is not condensed to form acid in the crankcase. Gasoline has to be in a vapor form to combust efficiently.
An engine that has a water pump installed will run cooler, and perhaps too cool, unless it also has a thermostat installed. I always ran a thermostat at the discharge neck of my Model A's.
I suspect that Mr. Ford removed the water pump for two reasons: reliability and cost. The later Model A pumps always leaked a little and had to be rebuilt from time to time. It is likely the pre T and first T water pumps were not reliable.
The problem with water pumps on a Model T is that they are a major source of breakdowns, yet do not add any improvement in performance. You can debate all you want, but the fact will remain that water pumps stop more Model T's on tour than any other single item. If they are not leaking then the shaft is seized up. When the shaft seizes up then the engine overheats. When all the water leaks out the car overheats. Either way, the owner of a water pump equipped Model T gets lots of attention.
"It turns out that there is very little density change until the water gets really hot, near the boiling point. This means that a thermosiphon system will naturally run hot without a themostat."
Could you post or link a graph of that, Neil? I have seen the raw numbers, but could not find a graph. Your statement is contrary to the need to cover the front of a radiator in cold weather.
Here's one.
Hmmm. If that's true, so much for Neil's theory.
The reason that the T runs as warm as it does on a warm day is called "delta T". It has to run warm on a warm day because it has to get hotter than the ambient temperature by a certain amount to reject the heat.
Which is also why it runs too cold on a cold day - unless it has either a thermostat or a winter front on the radiator.
Perfect, Hal, thanks; here 'tis:
That line looks pretty linear to me. It says thermobarf is going to circulate constantly, regardless of temperature in the head.
If you figure out a way to make your engine sluff off more heat on cool days, and less on hot days, then you can keep the head temp in control without a thermostat.
You have an up to 1700 degree fire in the chamber, surrounded by aluminum alloy pistons that melt at 1100 degrees, oil in the block that boils at 250 F, and coolant just beyond the walls that boils at 212 or less. It's a collection of compromises. Too little cooling, and failures follow. Too much cooling, and the fire is quenched, requiring richer mixture and all its effects, such as plug fouling. . The best you can do is provide a constant temperature of the coolant, and enough oil.
You will indeed receive a tongue lashing for distributors, 12 volt conversions and possibly alternators. The rest, probably not. You're more likely to get a tongue lashing for something that shows than you are for something that doesn't.
While I usually practice more tact than some, I probably feel the same way as those who don't. To me....and this is just me.....You do what you want with your own car......Of those things, the alternator is the worst, in my opinion, because it is just plain ugly and out of place under the hood. Water pumps and distributors can be era correct. As for the original question....I wouldn't want a water pump. Why? Because it didn't come with one. I think it is just neat as "L" that the dang thing will work without one! That is one of the things I point out (As I try to educate people on the Model T) to people at car shows. It is one of things I'm inclined to write on windshield placards at a local show under "Intersting Features". I'll put "No water pump, fuel pump or oil pump." Pretty neat, huh? I don't want a water pump for the same reason I don't want a lot of the things on the list. I'm willing to accept the Model T on its own terms and with its limitations. I don't want to just DRIVE the Model T. I want to EXPERIENCE the Model T. Its shortcomings are just part of the experience.
Bill Dodd's reasoning follows mine...but I'm cheap, Bill is thrifty.
The old story that water will not thermosiphon untill it gets to the boiling point is pure BS
Can you honestly tell me that a T driven 50 miles on a cool day with no water pump and stayed about 160 degrees F. did not thermosiphon?
I think if you are tongue lashed for having directional lights it is comming from a guy who does not drive his T much and when he does is a traffic nuisense.
A distributor can keep a T running that has a dead mag system,
a 12 volt battery can do the same.
How about the guys that have white or yellow otherwise stock T's? Isn't that worse that a waterpump? Or a stoplight? Or carrying a side-mount spare on a brass car?
I have had good luck with the Texas T water pump. No leaks and the pump turns free. Has been on our T for approx. 5yrs. Because the housing is made of aluminum, you have corrosion to contend with....just like those using Z or other aluminum heads.
Most water pumps I have seen on model T's are old, do leak and are prone to binding up. I agree with Royce on old pumps being a source of problems.
On the forum, it has been said that most old pumps do not work well....leaving some that do. Having only used a Texas T pump, I have no personal experiance using other make water pumps.
Ford vehicles from model A's on are using water pumps. Modern water pumps are reliable and last many years unless they have a manufacturing defect.
The Texas T pump has a stainless shaft/impeller, modern seals and bearings like those used in pumps produced today. If you have a pump that is reliable, helps keep your T from over heating.....I don't understand why folks get so worked up over others using a water pump.
I installed the water pump as last resort to resolve the over heating problem with our T.
It's much more enjoyable driving our T with out the constant worry about over heating.
I just hope and pray.....that my water pump never fails.....expecially if on tour with Royce.
I like Hal's "Interesting Features" idea for shows. It really does make the T different from any other car.
When does anti-freeze coolant start breaking down? I had my high performance 1990 Nissan 300ZX Twin Turbo serviced and the coolant has been in there since February, 2005 and still worked fine (but I had it changed out anyway). Jim Patrick
Jim, I don't know when anti freeze breaks down but for some reason the coolant will go acidic. There are test strips available to check for that. We had a Farmall M that never had the anti freeze acidity checked, just the freeze point. This went on for years until I eventually got drafted. When I finally came home after 4+ years I found the M was down and out. Looking into the problem I found the cast iron BLOCK had corroded around #4 cylinder sleeve allowing the coolant to leak into the oil pan. This engine uses wet sleeves. Now, cast iron is very corrosion resistant, so the coolant had gotten quite corrosive for this to happen. I change coolant every 4 years now, treat the used coolant as a hazardous waste, and properly dispose of it.
I'm somewhat new to Model T's, 2 1/2 years. I've watched the forum for approx 2 years. My truck doesn't have a water pump and does not run hot. I've read the debates about water pumps and never said anything because I didn't feel that passionate about dictating what somone else did with their car. They were a period accessory and if some one needs or wants a water pump, Go for it.
I don't know that a majority of people reject certain accessories. It's just the same ones doing it over and over again, and that draws more attention. The water pump failure picture is always the same picture.
Something Aaron said. puts it all in prospective for me.
Quote "I think if you are tongue lashed for having directional lights it is coming from a guy who does not drive his T much and when he does is a traffic nuisance." close quote.
We all drive under many traffic, climate, and road conditions. It's your car, do what you want, I'm going to.
Here is the thread:
See Ricks comment a few posts down.
The thermosiphon system is going to operate like a natural thermostat. That said, a cold day, or running down the road with little load, or having a good radiator, will naturally make the engine run cooler. A themostat and water pump will keep the engine temperature at a constant temperature within tight bounds while the thermosiphon system has wider bounds. Running a water pump without a thermostat will mean that the engine will run cooler, perhaps too cool.
John - I think you should put a water pump on your beautiful TT, even though it doesn't run hot. And, while your at it, even tho' you're probably quite healthy and physically fit, you might as well have a pacemaker installed too, you know, just to be safe,.....ha,ha......harold
(....probably a poor analogy, but that's kinda' my "take" on water pumps on Model T Fords)
Harold, I don't want one. I don't want turn signals, air horns souped-up engines, disc brakes or many other things. As long as I live and drive around out here out here in "Corn Field County", I get along fine. Now if I had to deal with a lot high speed traffic etc., I may want and need all those things, to include a Pacemaker.
My car came with a Teaxs T water pump and took it off and put it against the wall. Now my car dosent spit water all over the floor when I shut it down. Two days ago here in Florida it hit 90 and my car ran nice and cool, even in heavy traffic. But on the other side, When I drive in NY in the cold weather it does run to cold and I need to block off half the rad to get some engine heat
Cecil,I think you will find the M had dry sleves?? Bud.
Kenneth, that all happened in the mid 40's. I do recall there was a seal at the base of the sleeve and the engine block had corroded enough that coolant was leaking by that sleeve seal. The block was deemed unrepairable so the engine was swapped out with a used replacement. If it wasn't a wet sleeve I don't recall why the sleeve seal was there. This tractor was acquired immediately after WW II so perhaps later models went to dry sleeves. We also had an H which we souped up with M & W oversize sleeves, this was a very early H, and as I recall the sleeves were wet on that one also. Perhaps my memory is failing like every thing else.
My car came with a water pump therefor I won't remove it, it runs just fine the way it is, I'm in 100% agreement with John Berch where and how much you drive your car will dictate what things you may think will make your car run how you want it, besides it is your car after all.
My TT came with a water pump on it, and I took it off. This past July I ran it in a parade (without the pump) that runs about 6 miles, and the temp on the motometer only reached up into the "summer normal" circle once in that 6 miles. Outside temp was in the upper 80's that day. I'm pretty sure that my radiator is close to original as well.
Rick, to answer your question, you get crusified because the water pump is a mask for other problems and because they do cause break downs. I think everyone has their own ideas of what a T should look, run and drive like. Personally on your list below I only have problems with Distributors, Alternators, 12 Volt Conversions, Turn Signals and Water Pumps.
"But… Model A cranks, Z heads, Aluminum pistons, High compression pistons, High compression heads,
Distributors, Ball bearing ball caps, Alternators, 12 volt conversions, Quartz conversions for gas lights,
Turn signals, Ruckstells, Adjustable tappets, and the list goes on. But you don't get a tongue lashing for any of those."
You left out a couple upgrades I also like, the modern bearing pinion bearings, cut outs that are voltage regulators and fan hubs. All of those help depenability and provide lower maintenance. They also don't change the appearance of the engine or car either. But that's my opinion and I don't care what anyone else thinks.
I put a lot of miles on my T and I want certain low maintenance items on them. I like to have my T's to look and sound like stock T's but maybe pull just a little better due to hills I encounter on some of the tours I attend.
Performance enhancing parts have been around for a long time. Look at how many timers and carburators that have been made as an example. Ruckstell axles were a period accessory that the dealer could sell and install as another example. Water pumps are not performance enhancing, they are band-aids for other issues like excess scale and sediment in the water jackets, plugged radiator tubes etc... I've had John Deere A's that were thermosyphon systems. They were used to bush hog fields among other chores on some very hot humid days and they never got hot. The Thermosiphon systems work, but all the components have to perform their proper function.
I'm wondering if you chose this subject to try and "out do" the "Methanol" post. I don't think that will happen. But any posts regarding oils, band materials, water pumps and others are a sure guarantee to get for getting a number of responses even though all them horses have been beaten to death.
Thermo siphon systems were used well past the era of the T on bigger engines that did much more work. Water pumps didn't really hit it big on tractors until the 60's and that was mainly to help with the loads of bigger hydraulic systems. Essentially, a water pump "over cools" an engine, meaning that it keeps water at a fairly constant temp, whereas the temp at the top of the head could be anywhere from 20-30 degrees warmer than that coming out of the bottom hose where it's cooler.
The system should keep itself in balance with ambient temperatures unless something is offsetting things like fuel mix or insufficient air across the radiator fins, which are good things to blow out every now and then to make sure you have plenty of surface area to cool over.
Clean the radiator. Sounds great on the surface. However, I've determined that the crud on my radiator, while blocking heat transfer, is also sealing the d@mned thing up! Maybe a year ago, I tried cleaning the inside with vinegar. It may be cleaner now, but I liked to have never got it to quit leaking afterward. Still was on the verge of overheating. The other day, I had the novel idea of cleaning the outside. Maybe the crud on the outside is what's keeping it from cooling properly. This is a 'cellular' or honeycomb type, not a tube and fin type. I thought why not take a rifle bore brush and run it through the holes. It cleaned out a lot of dusty crud, but it started leaking. I cleaned out 3 rows and had probably 6 leaks! Glad I started at the top instead of the bottom. Still leaks ocassionally! Boy do I need a new one! But you can bet my money will be spent on a radiator and not a water pump.
"Well there's your problem."
When I use to clean out the radiators on some of the diesels we ran I wondered how any air every got through them to begin with. Even though it seemed like it was in good shape, you did well to clean it those holes could have gotten worse over time and left you in a very bad way.
It sort of reminds me of when I'd clean off the differentials on cars and what not. Never leaked a drop of oil while they were caked with mud, but the minute you wipe it all away the flood gates open.
Nope,The M was dry sleves from the word go and on the farm next door there was a M that went through a fire and bought cheap! The pistons were shot so the sleves were removed and the 450 pistons ran in the block no sleves!! Pulled strong but it would heat up when pulled hard! The F-20 had no water pump at first but the later ones did. The B A and G JD's had no water pumps till about 1950 then they all did! Back to T's Anyone who say's all T's have ran cool for the last 100 years with no problems even when new i think is full of ?? Have very many ever ran their T off road in deep sand?? I have,and between the early steering and the small radiator it will make you wonder just how in the heck the old timers did what they did! Put it too work and see what happnes! Bud.PS,How much HP are you using putting along in a parade?? Bud.
Water is cheap, Bud, just like the Ford car that needed it from time to time.
You don't pay much, you don't get much. No water pump, anyway!
Thermosyphon couldn't have been too wonderful or Hard-Headed Henry would have seen to it that the model A would have been pumpless. He probably tried, but he just couldn't do it....
Seth, Why would he have built so many with out a pump if he thought they were needed? So what if they would have cost the consumer a couple dollars extra.
I'm personally un-impressed with your assumptions of what Henry was thinking or trying. Do you have nothing better to do than keep crap stirred up? The cars and engines must not have been too bad with all that have survived.
Sorry about that, Kenny. I'll let it rest.
I have one for sale. That's my opinion. Bob
Why do suppose Ford had to cover this topic? Read the paragraph starting at the bottom of the left column.
If you didn't want it to boil over on a long hill, you installed a waterpump. There were at least 60, and maybe hundreds of brands for the T.
"Perhaps twisting the fan blades..." Maybe that has caused even more of them to break all these years later.
If you are actually concerned about reliability and safety with your Thermobarf cooled T, you can remove the fanbelt, and save it for parades. I haven't run a fan in years, after learning from Tom Carnegie. I don't do parades, anyhow.
That article brings up a good point, the engine would run at peak efficiency if the water were as close to boiling as possible. That's one of the reasons why it needs to be kept as full as possible so the water wont flash to steam in any air pockets.
I wonder if anyone had ever thought to make a lower pressure cooling system to raise the boiling point to say around 230. It wouldn't take much, modern cars use a 15-20 psi radiator cap, I suspect a T could use one under 5 psi and run fine.
Ricks, maybe they had to cover the article so people could understand the causes of overheating. Maybe people were blaming lack of water pumps then like they do today as the cause rather than identifying the "root" cause of overheating. Cooling systems that boil under ordinary driving conditions are showing a symptom. You chose to ignore the paragraph listing 10 of the root causes in the article. Just because there were 60+ manufacturers of water pump don't mean that they're correct. They're still band aids.
I think people tend to miss the point of the Model T. The Model T was an optimally designed car - for what it was. Yes, there were better designed cars available at the time, but not for $200. Cost was a critical design factor, however reliability was also a factor. Making things more robust cost extra money, but making them to cheep affected reliability. Therefore, each part was made to be good enough, but not any better.
Same goes for the cooling system. Thermosyphon is probably not the best method for cooling an engine, but it worked good enough. A water pump would probably be a better design. However, a water pump would add to the cost of the car which goes against what Ford was trying to do with the Model T. I'm not an expert on Ford or the Model A, so I don't know what the reasons that Ford included a water pump on the Model A. The Model A produces twice the horse power of the T so that could be a factor. Maybe the price of the car was not as critical with the Model A so they felt it was worth the extra expense - who knows. But to say that the Model A having a water pump proves that theromsyphon doesn't work is just wrong.
Because things on the T were design to be "good enough but no better", one must be careful when making changes to the design. Making an improvement to one piece may have an adverse affect on other pieces. From my own personal experience, if you have a good radiator a water pump is not needed. From the experience of others who have done lots of tours, the consensus is that the cars with modifications tend to be the ones that have the problems. The most reliable are those which stuck with what Henry did. He knew what he was doing when he built that car.
Dave S.
Remember the times they lived in too. Unlike now, where we grew up with cars and engines and most of us were familiar with the basics... back then, internal combustion engines were brand new and a complete mystery to the average man and the first and only education he received as to how they worked and how they were serviced was by Ford. Heck. Even today many are ignorant about the basics of the internal combustion engine. My sister burnt up her first car in college in 1970 because she had no idea it needed oil and water and just last year, burnt up another car when she parked in tall, dry grass. Jim Patrick
Almost everyone has a thermosyphon system in their home,the water heater,cold water in the bottom displaces the hot water and pushes it out the top when the faucet is opened,the cold is heated and expand and goes to the top. A gallon of cool water weighs 8.33lb. and a gallon of 105 degree water will weigh about 2 lbs less, a Model T radiator is nothing more than a mobile water heater and we don't use the water.
There you go, Rick. I dumped the thermosyphon water heater when it leaked a few years ago, because it's inefficient, and installed a tankless. The tankless uses 10 therms less NG every month, and is compact enough to mount on an outside wall, freeing up valuable kitchen space.
BTW, I don't recommend the tankless for everyone, but that's OT.
"A gallon of cool water weighs 8.33lb. and a gallon of 105 degree water will weigh about 2 lbs less.."
Where did you get that number, Rick? It sure doesn't fit on the above graph.
Ralph, 47 years in the plumbing ,heating and air industry.I was the western regional manager for Rinnai America and tankless or instant water are great if you have the gas capacity,in a great portion of the country you can't install them outside, you have less volume of water the higher the temp because of expansion,remember the arguments about boiling water freezing faster than plain temp water? it's true but look at the size of the ice of the two.Since i retired nine years ago i don't have access to all the charts and books,i gave them to the younger generation.
Hmm, when we were young, my older brother told me about hot water freezing faster than cold water. We set two cans of water outside, and the cold one showed ice first. He accused me of swapping the cans around.
Again, where is your data to disprove the above chart? Your data says water expands nearly 25% getting to 105F. I don't think so.
A neighbor gave me a Norjap tankless that had sprung a leak, and they wouldn't warranty it because we are on a well. I fixed it and used it a year. It was pure junk, anyhow. I spent my money on a Bosch, which is far better, and no well water restriction, they say.
You can actually use a thermosyphon system to circulate hot water around the house. You put the water heater low such as in basement or first floor, then run the hot water pipes through the attic and then down under the house and back to the heater. As the water heats it rises and as it cools it goes back to the heater. The various faucets are along the way and so you have hot water much quicker than if it is a one way system. This works well in Southern Ca because the attic gets quite hot so it even saves on the cost heating the water. I can't say how it would work in a cold climate where it might freeze in the attic.
If your T is in good condition, you shouldn't need a water pump. A pressurized system is well known to blow out freeze plugs, so be sure to keep a lot of nickels in your pocket and a couple gallons of water with you just in case.
Yes, we're getting into physics!!
I don't have the exact calculations to figure it out, but steam occupies 1,600 times the volume that the same mass of water occupies in equilibrium.
I did a little experiment just to see how much of a weight difference there is between hot and cold water. I just had a bowl that hold maybe 2L and filled it with cold tap water, around 70F maybe less, and then again with hot tap water, I think 135F is what the heater is set on. I weighed them each separately and the results were 4.5lb for cold and 3lb for hot.
I can tell you that water expands quite a lot as a liquid, especially when it is superheated. When we fire our locomotive, we begin with a little over half a glass, boiler sight glass, at cold and by the time it begins to lift the needle on the pressure gauge the glass is almost slam full.
I'm not trying to be an expert or anything,I just work around hot water regularly and thought I'd share.
I really like Dave Sosnoski's evaluation. Actions have consequences, often unintended.
You'll have a hard time superheating water in a non pressurized cooling system. Big difference between a locomotive boiler and a T cooling system.
Hal, I consider any water that is heated beyond boiling point at atmospheric pressure. It's probably not the correct terminology to use, but that's just how I've always stated it. I know there's a big difference between a T and a boiler, I just threw that out for reference.
I don't buy the difference in density between the 70F water and the 135F water that Robert is stating above.
If such was the case, the coolant recovery bottle on modern vehicles would have to be way larger than it is and the "Full Cold" line and "Full Hot" lines would be way farther apart.
I do buy, however, Robert's experience with the water level gauge on the locomotive's boiler. That occurs because of all the trapped water vapor.
Thermosyphon systems don't work on density changes- which,by the way, are pretty small for water. They work on temperature differential- hot head versus "cold" radiator. Heat flows from hot to cold. Stand in front of your car on a chilly day. You feel the warmth of the radiator because heat is flowing to a cooler object- your body.
Rob Roark
You feel the warmth of the radiator when standing in front of it due to radiation.
But the automotive radiator cools the coolant due to convection, mostly.
It should be called a convector, not a radiator.
Heat transfer from the hot engine metal to the coolant is also by convection, not radiation.
Pretty good at remembering Jr. High science, Seth. I think you forgot conduction as being the direct transfer of heat from one material to another. Boy, that was a long time ago...
Unless the sight gauge goes from the top of the container to the bottom, it only shows a portion of what's happening.
Look at the Ford Times drawing, above. The water has to flow over twice as far to cool #4 cyl as #1, with the same small rise. No wonder #4 runs hot and #1 carbons up.
In fact, it's localized boiling at #4 that led me to coin the term, Thermobarf.
You are correct, as most always, Ralph. Conduction from the metal to the coolant, then convection (mixing) since the coolant is a liquid.
Thanks for the correction.
It's been a long time since I've been an engineer obviously, also.
I disagree that thermosyphon is not based on water density. It is based on convection which is:
"Natural convection, or free convection, occurs due to temperature differences which affect the density, and thus relative buoyancy, of the fluid. Heavier (more dense) components will fall while lighter (less dense) components rise, leading to bulk fluid movement. Natural convection can only occur, therefore, in a gravitational field. A common example of natural convection is a pot of boiling water in which the hot and less-dense water on the bottom layer moves upwards in plumes, and the cool and more dense water near the top of the pot likewise sinks." (wikipedia - I know it's not the best source but it seems correct for this)
I found a water density calculator and got the following numbers:
At 70 deg. F = 997.998 kg/m3 = 8.33 lb/gal
At 212 deg. F = 958.097 kg/m3 = 8.00 lb/gal
I know very little about fluid mechanics or thermodynamics so that is a far as I can go with this.
Dave S.
I agree with Wiki in this case, as well, and the water density calculator agrees with the chart above.
Thermobarf requires a vertical component of the system. I don't think Henry had styling in mind when the went to the high radiator in 1923. Was there a similar increase in height with the 1917 model?
Here is a vehicle better designed to take advantage of water convection:
The core height is 17" on a low radiator and 18 3/8" on a high one. Measure your Fronty picup's core and you can answer your question.
I am kinda busy this morning. Put me down for my usual "side" of this discussion and I'll catch the next one ha ha.
That's funny John.
Thermosyphon most definitely works because of the change in density. Yes, there is a difference in temperature, but that is what causes the change in density. And just to split a few hairs, the only reason any fluid 'rises' because it is warmer is because it is being pushed up by the cooler fluid that is falling and taking it's place due to it being heavier. It is indeed gravity at work.
If that's true, Hal, then how did Flubber keep the engine cool?
Must have had a water pump.;-)
Somebody needs to write a book on this!
There's no shortage of knowledge here I'll tell you that much.
With regards to my experiment yesterday, there's a couple of variables that might have thrown it off a bit. The largest being the scale I used. Should have went back to test it again to verify the numbers. And as far as the sight glass goes, it's hard to tell exactly how much the water expands since the boiler is round. You have to remember too that this is being brought up to 180psi which would put the water temp at around 400F.
Robert, If someone took the time to download all the waterpump threads on the Forum going all the way back to the old forum up to present and organize each arguement chronologically, there would be enough for a book several hundred pages in length. Jim Patrick
That book might have an introduction, but I doubt it would come to any conclusions.
Seems like with each new thread on this topic, we advance the tribal knowledge just a little bit.
I'm not sure I'm measuring the same dimension as your numbers, Seth, but the front opening on the ol' brass picup is 14".
Hmm, Henry didn't abandon Thermobarf, but he gave the cooling system more height so it would work better - twice.
I'd rather have a waterpump leak than have a fan blade slung off.
Since this thread has gotten many comments I'll add my 2 cents: I don't know a thing about water pump(s)!!!!!.
Just admit that your powerful Fronty picup has as much or more power than a model A, so, like a model A, it probably needs a water pump.
Especially since it has one of those early, super-low radiators...with a "holiday front" on it.
What is a water pump??
"What is a water pump??"
An excellent conversation piece.
True, that!
Model T's do not have water pumps.
The first 2500 did!! Bud.
I'm actually surprised this thread is staying as civil as it has
Hot water natural circulation due to density and gravity and some of the molecules at 212F is not just a Model T phenom...it was the basis of hot water circulation long before someone had the thought of a 'pump' in a tech sense.
Now...the real issue is...does a water pump even pump????
I had one on the 25....for a while...never noticed any difference, in fact felt it actually was a smoother day when run without. I then looked inside the 'pump' and it is a curved 's' rotor that is nothing more than a 'paddle' with LOT'S of clearance to the housing! I turns maybe 3x as fast as the crank (just guessing at pulley differences!)
Even though I 'are' an engineer who got his college 'thermo' lessons from Lester J. Stradling reknown...and I have never played 'engineer' with the 'numbers' on a T...I have always suspected that pumps of the type I had on the 25 did NOTHING at high speed, maybe even cavitated, but at an idle sat there and simply 'helped' dump an ounce or two at a time into the 'top' as a rotating teaspoon which created a 'head' level difference for gravity to do its thing.
Just an old guys thoughts...a guy who should know better and think it through...but also a guy who now has a water pump hanging on the side of his garage wall
Since many of them are so poorly designed and may not pump water at all, maybe they could be renamed "belt-driven conversation pieces" and then the purists wouldn't be so offended by the owners having added them.
Actually it is possible to get the old pumps to pump. When I got mine it was in pretty bad shape. The shaft was worn, the impeller looked like the stirrer in a milkshake machine, the packing was gone and so on. I got some sheet copper and made an impeller by soldering bits to the old vanes and then attached a cage to the new vanes.
I took the advise of the forum and took my waterpump off the first day my T came home. I have dealt with leaking Model A water pumps, cutting sponges to fit around the shaft and putting a leater boot over the whole mess. My dad showed me the level to fill my radiator and to not overfill it. I did 6 parades this last summer, two were in 100 degree weather! I have yet to add any more water, or even get to see any steam!! My waterpump will continue to hang on a nail on a wall for display.
I don't notice a fan either. Did you use a fan in the parades?
I don't use a water pump on my cars (stock or Fronty speedster) and haven't had any issues letting nature handle the circulation. I do use a fan most of the time but found it isn't needed as long as I don't sit in traffic too long.
YES it has a fan. J
If your cutting sponges to seal a pump instead of using graphite packing and grease your better off pumpless! I see more changes than just removing cobbled up water pump?? Bud.
You got it, Bud. . Probably every old waterpump out there has a rust pitted shaft that won't seal, and people act as if they have always been that way, and are non-repairable. I bought a stainless shaft, bushings and seals from www.McMaster.com about ten years ago, and my Henry pump hasn't leaked since.
Perhaps the best example of purely mechanical technology in widespread use today is the internal combustion engine cooling thermostat. These are used to maintain the core temperature of the engine at its optimum operating temperature by regulating the flow of coolant to an external heat sink, usually an air cooled radiator. Also, research in the 1920's showed that cylinder wear was aggravated by condensation of fuel when it contacted a cool cylinder wall which removed the oil film, and the development of the automatic thermostat in the 1930's provided a solution to this problem by ensuring fast engine warm-up[3].
This type of thermostat operates mechanically. It makes use of a wax pellet inside a sealed chamber. The wax is solid at low temperatures but as the engine heats up the wax melts and expands. The sealed chamber has an expansion provision that operates a rod which opens a valve when the operating temperature is exceeded. The operating temperature is fixed, but is determined by the specific composition of the wax, so thermostats of this type are available to maintain different temperatures, typically in the range of 70 to 90°C (160 to 200°F). Modern engines run hot, that is, over 80°C (180°F), in order to run more efficiently and to reduce the emission of pollutants. Most thermostats have a small bypass hole to vent any gas that might get into the system, e.g., air introduced during coolant replacement, which also allows a small flow of coolant past the thermostat when it is closed. This bypass flow ensures that the thermostat experiences the temperature change in the coolant as the engine heats up; without it a stagnant region of coolant around the thermostat could shield it from temperature changes in the coolant adjacent to the combustion chambers and cylinder bores.
While the thermostat is closed, there is no flow of coolant in the loop allowing the combustion chambers to warm up rapidly. The thermostat stays closed until the coolant temperature reaches the nominal thermostat opening temperature. The thermostat then progressively opens as the coolant temperature increases to the optimum operating temperature, increasing the coolant flow to the radiator. Once the optimum operating temperature is reached, the thermostat progressively increases or decreases its opening in response to temperature changes, dynamically balancing the coolant recirculation flow and coolant flow to the radiator to maintain the engine temperature in the optimum range as engine heat output, vehicle speed, and outside ambient temperature change. Under normal operating conditions the thermostat is open to about half of its stroke travel, so that it can open further or reduce its opening to react to changes in operating conditions. A correctly designed thermostat will never be fully open or fully closed while the engine is operating normally, or overheating or overcooling would occur. For instance,
If more cooling is required, e.g., in response to an increase in engine heat output which causes the coolant temperature to rise, the thermostat will increase its opening to allow more coolant to flow through the radiator and increase engine cooling. If the thermostat were already fully open, then it would not be able to increase the flow of coolant to the radiator, hence there would be no more cooling capacity available, and the increase in heat output by the engine would result in overheating.
If less cooling is required, e.g., in response to decrease in ambient temperature which causes the coolant temperature to fall, the thermostat will decrease its opening to restrict the coolant flow through the radiator and reduce engine cooling. If the thermostat were already fully closed, then it would not be able to reduce cooling in response to the fall in coolant temperature, and the engine temperature would fall below the optimum operating range.


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Building 1486
Ft. Knox, KY 40121
Map It!
(Federal Building)
Years Labeled (Rating):
2012 (97), 2013 (94)
Facility Type:
Residence Hall/Dormitory
Total Floor Space:
Year Constructed:
Building Owner:
Department of Public Works
Property Manager:
Department of Public Works
Please note: The building information in this profile was verified and submitted to EPA at the time of application. Building energy performance, operating
characteristics, and ownership/management may be subject to change over time.


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A large illuminated Nativity scene is being installed on the roof of The Place in time for downtown Evergreen's Holiday Walk on Dec. 7.
Brett Edwards, owner of The Place at Meadow Drive and Highway 74, said he decided to bring the display to Evergreen to focus on the religious nature of the holiday.
"We can put Christ back in Christmas," Edwards said. "Jesus is the center of it."
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CLEMSON, S.C. - The Duke rowing team topped ACC foe Clemson in two races during the opening regatta of the spring season, besting the Tigers in the varsity eight and second varsity four on Lake Hartwell Saturday. Duke also defeated Eastern Michigan in all five races.
Duke's varsity eight crew of coxswain Caroline Kiritsy, Emily Theys, Claire Vannelli, Grace Cassidy, Laura Sciarrino, Tara Dalton, Hannah Hewitt, Alex Stonehill and Katie Dukovich pulled in with a time of 6:44.5, which was just under two seconds faster than the Clemson eight. Duke's top crew included three freshmen - Hewitt, Stonehill and Dukovich - as well as the senior duo of Theys and Sciarrino. Duke's varsity eight has now won two consecutive races dating back to the Head of the Hooch in November.
In the second varsity four, coxswain Sarah Baker guided the crew of Emily Hyland, Patricia Kolman, Jeanette Llorens and Kathleen Lyons to a top finish, gliding past the Tigers with a time of 7:58.2. That finish was nearly 20 seconds faster than the Clemson boat, which clocked in at 8:16.4.
Duke also notched second place finishes in the second varsity 8 (7:00.7) and the first varsity four (7:46.2) as well as a third and fourth-place showing in the novice eight (7:26.0, 8:09.6).
Complete results and Duke lineups are below.
Next up for Duke is the Cardinal Invitational, hosted by Louisville, on March 16-17 in Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Duke Lineups and Results
vs. Clemson and Eastern Michigan
March 9, 2013
Clemson, S.C. (Lake Hartwell)
V8 - Caroline Kiritsy (cox.), Emily Theys, Claire Vannelli, Grace Cassidy, Laura Sciarrino, Tara Dalton, Hannah Hewitt, Alex Stonehill, Katie Dukovich
2V8 - Simone Pitre (cox.), Caroline Williams, Julie Rohde, Victoria Tsamis, Katie Burke, Allison Beattie, Nicole Antoine, Sophia Staal, Kaila Perez
V4 - Ashleigh Anne McKinney, Mary Wilson, Rachel Wolsfelt, Dana Lerro, Sydney Johnson
2V4 - Sarah Baker, Emily Hyland, Patricia Kolman, Jeanette Llorens, Kathleen Lyons
N8 - Nicole Favre, Jane McConnell, Heather Seeley, Arielle Brackett, Lauren Musso, Courtney Bibbs, Mahsa Taskindoust, Dumunyan, Zheng
2N8 - Hadley, Heywood, Wall, von Brisen, Hemal, Oliver, Chernova, Prescott, Walter
1st Varsity 8+
1. Duke - 6:44.5
2. Clemson - 6:46.4
3. Eastern Michigan - 7:29.2
2nd Varsity 8+
1. Clemson - 6:51.6
2. Duke - 7:00.7
3. E. Michigan - 8:11.8
1st Varsity 4+
1. Clemson - 7:40.8
2. Duke - 7:46.2
3. E. Michigan - 8:55.6
2nd Varsity 4+
1. Duke - 7:58.2
2. Clemson - 8:16.4
Novice 8+
1. Clemson "A" - 7:08.8
2. Clemson "B" - 7:21.6
3. Duke "A" - 7:26.0
4. Duke "B" - 8:09.6
5. E. Michigan - 8:56.9


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Roasted Broccoli and Cheddar Soup
Despite the fact that it has been a little warmer out lately, I have still been craving soups and I recently realized that it had been a very long time since I last made one of my favourite soups, a broccoli and cheddar soup. The broccoli and cheddar flavour combination is a really good one that I never tire of reinventing in different dishes but this soup is one that I keep coming back to again and again. Since this soup is so simple it is a good idea to use quality ingredients including roasted broccoli, a nice homemade vegetable broth or chicken broth a nice quality aged cheddar. Roasting vegetables concentrates and brings out their flavours and the intensified broccoli flavours from the roasted broccoli goes beautifully well in this soup. This roasted broccoli and aged cheddar soup is super easy to make and yet it is so bursting with flavour that it is bound to satisfy! One last thing that I like to do with this soup is to add a tablespoon of grainy mustard which goes particularly nicely with the broccoli and cheddar flavour combination.
Serve garnished with bacon and grainy mustard to kick things up a bit.
Make without the bacon for a really nice vegetarian soup!
Roasted Broccoli and Cheddar Soup
A creamy broccoli and cheddar soup with the concentrated flavour of roasted broccoli.
- 1 large bunch broccoli, cut into florets
- 1 tablespoon oil
- salt and pepper to taste
- 1 tablespoon oil
- 1 medium onion, diced
- 2 cloves garlic, chopped
- 1 teaspoon thyme, chopped
- 3 cups vegetable broth or chicken broth or chicken stock or ham broth
- 1 1/2 cups aged cheddar, shredded
- 1 cup milk or cream
- 1 tablespoon grainy mustard (optional)
- salt and pepper to taste
- Toss the broccoli florets in the oil along with the salt and pepper, arrange them in a single layer on a large baking sheet and roast in a preheated 400F/200C oven until lightly golden brown, about 20-30 minutes.
- Heat the oil in a large sauce pan over medium heat, add the onion and saute until tender, about 5-7 minutes.
- Add the garlic and thyme and saute until fragrant, about a minute.
- Add the broth and broccoli, bring to a boil, reduce the heat and simmer, covered, for 20 minutes.
- Mix in the milk, cheese and mustard, let the cheese melt and season with salt and pepper to taste.
- Puree the soup with a hand blender or in a food processor or blender and enjoy!
Slow Cooker: Implement step 1, optionally implement steps 2 & 3, place everything but the milk and cheese in the slow cooker and cook on low for 6-10 hours or on high for 2-4 hours before mixing in the milk and cheese, letting the cheese melt and then pureeing the soup.
Option: If you like a thicker, creamier and healthier soup use pureed white beans instead of the milk or cream.
Option: Start the soup out by cooking 4 strips of bacon, use the grease to cook the vegetables instead of the oil and serve the soup garnished with the crumbled bacon.
Option: Add diced ham.
Roasted Cauliflower and Aged White Cheddar Soup
Cheesy Broccoli Quinoa
Broccoli and Cheddar Quiche with a Brown Rice Crust
Cheesy Broccoli Rice
Cauliflower and White Cheddar Soup with Dill
Pumpkin and Black Bean Soup
Roasted Cauliflower and Aged White Cheddar Soup
Ale and Cheddar Soup
Cheesy Zucchini Quinoa
Split Pea Soup
Ham and Bean Soup
Cream of Mushroom Soup
Roasted Broccoli, Ham and Cheddar Grilled Cheese
Spicy Roasted Corn and Jalapeno Avocado Soup
Creamy Curried Coconut Carrot Soup
Creamy Maple Brie and Cheddar Apple Soup
Roasted Carrot and Tahini Soup with Pomegranate and Pistachios


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Police responded to a report of theft of nine-shot .22 revolver
A Kirksville man reported his nine-shot revolver was stolen from his pickup truck sometime Thursday.
Police responded to the 2200 block of S. Marion St., Thursday afternoon where the victim told police that his .22 caliber nine-shot revolver had been stolen from out of his truck, parked near his residence.
According to the police report, the victim said he typically locks his vehicle but may have not secured it in this instance.
Anyone with information about the theft is encouraged to call the Kirksville Police Department at (660) 785-6945 or Central Dispatch at (660) 665-5621.


text: So I recently bought an Emag with AGD 1.37 and I don't have the jumper so it is semi only for me. It got me thinking about Xmod 1.8, but being a woodsball player I have no reason (within the rules) to have any other mode besides semi. That led to the question: How many people play in non-semi mode for woodsball? Just curious.


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The last decades of the 18th century were a critical time in Jewish history. Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) and his circle of friends and colleagues had recently initiated the Haskalah, the Enlightenment movement that would soon lead to Jewish religious and political reform. In the first steps of emancipation in many European countries, Jews acquired greater civil rights and became more integrated into general society, even as they themselves questioned whether this was a positive development. Modern Judaism was emerging.
A new book by the Israeli scholar Arie Morgenstern, The Gaon of Vilna and His Messianic Vision, translated from Hebrew into English by Naftali Greenwood, concentrates on this period but is almost silent on these modernizing trends. Instead, it focuses on the arch-traditionalists of this period, both the Chassidim and their opponents, the Mitnaggedim, whose revered leader was Rabbi Elijah, the Gaon of Vilna (1720-1797).
The book is disorganized and is generally not an easy read. Its title in English is misleading, since the Gaon of Vilna is hardly mentioned until near the end of the book. The original Hebrew title, Mistikah u-meshihiyut [Mysticism and Messianism] is much more apt. The English of the translation includes poor grammar and clumsy and unidiomatic English phrases. But the reader who toughs it out will learn much of interest.
Large numbers of Jewish mystics – Chassidim and Mitnaggedim, Ashkenazim and Sephardim – moved to the Land of Israel in the 18th and early 19th centuries in the sincere conviction that their aliyah would bring the coming of the messiah nearer. They had calculated that various specific dates between 1740 and 1781 would be propitious times for the messiah to come. Just a century after the debacle of the false messianic movement of Shabbetai Tzvi, many Jews were still concentrating their energies on "calculating the end."
Morgenstern tells the story of the aliyah of many of these Jews who often adopted extreme standards of piety (in particular in areas of public morality and sexuality) in order to force God's redemptive hand. From our perspective today it is ironic that contemporary arch-traditionalists often dismiss Zionism for allegedly trying to bring redemption without waiting for the messiah. In the 18th century, it was the arch-traditionalists who were moving to Israel because they did not want to wait for God to act.


text:
Search results for t, t
We couldn't find any phrase for your search query.
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sword and sandal, sword and sorcery, swot up on, syphon the python, t shirt, table scrap, table talk, tacit acceptance of the content of the book itself, tack up


text:
- Jul 19:
- Boulder's Rally Software, stockholders to sell 4.06M shares in follow-on offering
- Jul 15:
- Boulder's Rally Software files for $70 million follow-on offering
- Jun 28:
- Rally Software leases additional 89K square feet for Boulder headquarters
- Apr 5:
- IPO for Boulder's Rally Software set for next week, IPODesktop says
- Mar 11:
- Boulder's Rally Software files for $70M IPO
Rally Software lived up to its name Friday.
In its first day as a public company, Boulder-based Rally Software Development Corp. raised $84 million in its initial public offering by pricing 6 million shares at $14 per share.
The offering surpassed previous expectations that it would sell 5.75 million shares in the range of $11 to $13 per share.
Wall Street responded favorably to the firm that develops project management software and services to companies that use the Agile software development methodology. Shares of Rally (NYSE: RALY) closed up $3.81, or 27.2 percent, to $17.81 on Friday.
The stock traded as high as $18.44.
"Honestly, it hasn't quite sunk in yet," Rally CEO Tim Miller said hours after watching "RALY" become reality. "It sure is exciting -- very fun to ring the (NYSE) bell."
Rally officials intend to use the proceeds for working capital, other general corporate purposes, data structure infrastructure, sales force, expansion of its international presence and -- potentially -- for the acquisition of other firms.
"I'm coming back to the office Monday morning and, just like any other Monday, we'll continue to work on building the business and closing our quarter," Miller said. " ... There's nothing per se that the IPO changes in our strategy, but we do have a big balance sheet now and it will potentially enable us ... to continue on our (merger and acquisition) strategy."
Lead book-running managers for the offering are Deutsche Bank Securities and Pipe Jaffray. Needham & Co., JMP Securities and William Blair are acting as co-managers.
Rally Software -- founded in 2001 as F4 Technologies Inc. -- has experienced torrid growth during much of the past decade.
Rally positioned itself as providing on-demand products and services to developers using Agile development, an emerging methodology aimed at emphasizing collaboration, communications and the frequent deployment of software.
Since its inception, Rally has raised about $70 million in venture funding. Investors include Meritech, Greylock Partners, Boulder Ventures, Vita Ventures, Mohr Davidow Ventures and Mobius Venture Capital.
Boulder Ventures, Mobius Technology Ventures and Mohr Davidow Ventures are Rally's largest institutional shareholders with beneficial ownership stakes of 20.3 percent, 20.3 percent and 19.2 percent, respectively.
For the fiscal year that ended on Jan. 31, Rally lost $10.9 million on revenue of $56.8 million. During the comparable period a year ago, Rally lost $11.6 million on revenue of $41.3 million, according to financial statements filed with the SEC.
Rally's growth has been "good, not great," but has strength in that 77 percent of its revenue is attributed to subscriptions and support, IPO analyst Francis Gaskins said.
In a recent IPOInstitution.com report, Gaskins suggested that Rally's stock may perform similarly to other cloud-based firms' IPOs.
"Small tech stocks recently hit highs in initial trading and then traded off," he wrote. "For example, Marin Software (MRIN) IPOed at $14 (on) March 22, hit $19.95 the first half hour and now trades around $14.86."
He noted that companies such as Silver Spring and Model N posted similar retreats.
Gaskins recommended that Rally be a "buy" on the IPO, "and most likely an immediate sell."
Wall Street darling or not, Rally's Miller remains more than bullish on the firm's potential.
"We don't see any speed bumps in the future at this time," he said. "One of the things about the Agile (industry), we expect and adapt quite frequently ... this year it's continuing to double down on all the investments that we've made in the past."
Contact Camera Business Writer Alicia Wallace at 303-473-1332 or email@example.com.


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text:
The Foothills Park & Recreation District recently placed more 30 acres of land up for sale, hoping to net $4.5 million for capital-improvement projects and other expenses.
The five South Jeffco parcels, which the district calls "surplus land," have not been slated for park development for various reasons. Most of the parcels are near existing parks, and several sit next to busy intersections, which would make accessibility difficult if parks were to be developed, Foothills executive director Ron Hopp said.
"There's plenty of service being provided by the greenways and parks in the area," he said. "They're very well served."
Foothills originally acquired the parcels via dedications from land developers, county open-space donations and various purchases. The land would be sold for commercial or residential development.
"They're on the market now, so we're soliciting offers," Hopp said. "We've (already) received some."
In addition to funds from the potential sales, the district would likely reap additional revenue through a new property tax base, once the parcels are developed.
The potential sales, which the district's board of directors initially approved in February, could take more than a year, however. Rezoning or re-platting the parcels will likely be a requisite of any sales, processes that require multiple public hearings before county boards.
"They all have to go through county processes of some level," Hopp said.
The parcels are located at: the northeast and northwest corners of West Coal Mine Avenue and South Wadsworth Boulevard; the southwest corner of South Wadsworth Boulevard and West Columbine Drive; and the northwest and southwest corners of South Simms Street and South Ward Street.
"It is the district's position that owning and maintaining vacant properties is a disservice to the taxpaying public, and these properties can be better utilized by the private sector. This action is not unlike what a private-sector business would do in a similar financial situation," Foothills said in a news release.
The district does not have specific plans for funds generated from the land sales, Hopp said, though Foothills recently compiled a 10-year, $44 million capital-improvement project list.
The list includes nearly $36 million in repair work and more than $8 million in equipment purchases to be completed by 2021. Among the larger projects are $4.9 million in repairs to the Lily Gulch Center and Pool, $2.3 million in repairs to the Meadows Golf Course, and $5.2 million in repairs to the Foothills Golf Course.
Some of the money could also be used toward debt payments or operational expenses, Hopp said.
Currently, the district budgets only about $300,000 per year toward capital improvements, which doesn't meet needs, Hopp said.
Reaction from neighborhoods adjacent to the properties has been largely positive, he said, despite some objections to new developments.
"I have met with eight (homeowners' associations) in the area … (to) let them know this is happening," Hopp said. "Most of those have gone well. Others haven't."
Contact Emile Hallez Williams at firstname.lastname@example.com 303-933-2233, ext. 22. For updates, check www.ColumbineCourier.com.
Foothills parcels listed for sale:
• 5.47 acres in the northwest corner of West Coal Mine Avenue and South Wadsworth Boulevard
• 4.72 acres in the northeast corner of West Coal Mine Avenue and South Wadsworth Boulevard
• 3.85 acres in the southwest corner of South Wadsworth Boulevard and West Columbine Drive
• 14.3 acres in the northwest corner of South Simms Street and South Ward Street
• 3.17 acres in the southwest corner of South Simms Street and South Ward Street
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text:
After spending five and a half years at UAB, Nenad received his Ph.D. in physics in December 2005. His research is in the field of high pressure science. High pressure science deals with studying and understanding properties of materials when they are subject to externally applied pressures. The change in thermodynamic conditions can lead to significant changes in things such as the mechanical, structural, and electrical properties of materials. He performs experiments that can detect and also explain how and why these changes occur.
Nenad chose UAB for his graduate studies for a couple of reasons. Prior to his senior year as an undergraduate student, he participated in the REU summer program at the department of physics at UAB. During this time, he became familiar with his future advisor, Professor Yogesh Vohra, the research he was doing, and also with the Birmingham area. "I enjoyed working with Professor Vohra and I really liked the research we were doing, plus I enjoyed Birmingham and the surrounding area, so it was actually an easy choice when I decided to go to UAB for graduate school."
Nenad is currently a postdoctoral research assistant at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. His awards and honors include, Marquis Who's Who in America 2007 – Selected for Inclusion, Preparing Future Faculty Internship – UAB 2003-2005, Alabama Space Grant Consortium NASA Space Grant Fellowship – 2003-2004, Certificate of Excellence for the Dept. of Physics – UAB 2004, Outstanding Graduate Teaching Assistant Award from The Association of Physics Teachers – 2002, and Graduate Assistant in the Area of National Need Fellowship – UAB 2001-2002.
Nenad feels fortunate for having the opportunity to spend his graduate career at UAB. His biggest influence has been his graduate advisor, Professor Yogesh K. Vohra. "He was always positive, worked very hard, and most importantly always found time to help his students. Because of his dedication and guidance I was able to complete my graduate work, which then led to other opportunities becoming available for me after I graduated."
Currently, Nenad is a postdoctoral research assistant. He enjoys research and plans to continue doing research in the future. His long term goal is to apply for a faculty position so that he would also have the opportunity to teach. He advises other graduate students, "to work hard and enjoy your time in graduate school. Graduate school can be stressful and challenging, but if you balance your time and work hard you can overcome these things and you will have a much more rewarding experience."


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Hartmann placed among the top three for the third straight tournament this season, while Gambucci came in third in his first action of the season. Junior Brian Self earned his third career top five performance and first of the season, while redshirt freshman Marcus Cain also earned a top-four placing for the first time in a Duke singlet.
The Blue Devils started the day well with six wrestlers posting victories in their opening matches. Four or those six - Gambucci, Cain, Trey Adamson and Hartmann - advanced to the quarterfinals before dropping hard-fought matches to land in the consolation brackets.
Pacing Duke in points for the tournament was fifth-seeded Gambucci at 133 pounds as he registered three falls and a technical fall to give the Blue Devils crucial extra points. The Mansfield, Ohio native started the day by cruising past Harvard's Ryan Osleeb 16-0 in just 3:48. After falling to No. 4 seed Nick Wilcox in the quarterfinals, Gambucci picked up three consecutive first-period falls to set up a rematch with Wilcox in the consolation final. Looking to avenge the narrow 7-4 decision earlier in the day, the redshirt sophomore fought all the way to the end and came away with an 8-6 sudden victory to take third overall.
Seeded second in the 197-pound division, Hartmann stayed on his recent path of success with two falls to land in the semifinals. The falls were the first of the season for Hartmann and set him up for a bout with No. 3 seed Sterling Hecox of Brown. For just the second time this season, the Port Orchard, Wash., native suffered a loss in a narrow 15-14 decision. The setback landed Hartmann in the consolation semifinal against teammate Self as he moved into the third-place match with a 6-3 decision. Hartmann completed the long day by upending Northwestern's Alex Polizzi 11-5 to improve to 12-2 for the season.
Self, after splitting his first two matches, turned in an outstanding run through the consolation 197-pound bracket. He rebounded from the loss to the top seed by pinning Urayoan Garcia of VMI in 4:15 to find a way into the consolation quarterfinals. The Oklahoma City native followed that win with his biggest triumph of the season, upsetting fourth-seeded Hunter Meys of Boston University, 5-3. After falling to a fellow Blue Devil in the consolation semifinals, Self rebounded again to beat Paul Weiss of Appalachian State to earn fifth-place overall.
Back in action at 149 pounds after missing the Michigan State Open, Cain went 4-2 as the No. 3 seed to take fourth overall. The Winston-Salem, N.C., native rebounded from a tough 7-5 loss in the quarterfinal round to earn a spot in the consolation final. En route to the third-place match, Cain posted three straight decisions, including an overtime 5-3 victory over fifth-seeded Andrew Lenzi of Penn. Cain faced off against No. 4 seed Curt Delia of Rider in the third-place match, falling narrowly 5-3.
Sophomore Tanner Hough, seeded second at 141 pounds, went 3-2 for the day falling in the consolation quarterfinals to Indiana's Eric Roach. Adamson also had a solid outing, advancing to the consolation quarterfinals before ending his day with a 10-3 decision to the No. 5 seed.
In other action, redshirt sophomore Immanuel Kerr-Brown captured top honors at the Ashland Open hosted by Ashland University. Kerr-Brown, wrestling unattached, went 5-0 en route to beating Zebulan Beam of Ashland in the title bout. The victory marks Kerr-Brown's third top seven finish of the season and pushes his record to 15-5 overall.
Duke takes a short break before returning to the mats again Dec. 1 at Northwestern for a pair of duals against the host Wildcats and Stevens Tech.
125 Pounds
Peter Terrezza (0-2)
1st - Bye
2nd - #4 William Watterson (Brown) - L, Dec., 7-10
Cons. - Evan McKirdy (Cal Poly) - L, MD, 9-0
133 Pounds
#5 Brandon Gambucci (5-1)
1st - Bye
2nd - Ryan Osleeb (Harvard) - W, TF 16-0 (3:48)
QF - #4 Nick Wilcox (Bloomsburg) - L, Dec., 4-7
Cons. - Anthony Finocchiano (Brown) - W, Fall, 2:01
Cons. QF - Geoffrey Bostany (Penn) - W, Fall, 0:54
Cons. SF - #2 Jimmy Morris (Rider) - W, Fall, 1:04
Cons. Final - #4 Nick Wilcox (Bloomsburg) - W, Dec., 8-6 (SV1)
141 Pounds
#2 Tanner Hough (3-2)
1st - Joseph DeQuinzio (Princeton, W, Fall, 4:14
2nd - Gabe LaVey (NC State), W, MD, 10-0
QF - #7 Jameson Oster (Northwestern), L, MD, 3-12
Cons. - Michael Avelar (NC State) - W, Dec. 8-2
Cons. QF - Eric Roach (Indiana) - L, Dec., 1-2
149 Pounds
#3 Marcus Cain (4-2)
1st - Bye
2nd - Zachary Rees (Brown), W, Fall 3:53
QF - #6 Dylan Marriott (Northwestern), L, Dec., 5-7
Cons. - Charles Lynch (Penn), W, Dec., 7-5
Cons. QF - Zeb Stewart (VMI), W, Dec., 9-2
Cons. SF - #5 Andrew Lenzi (Penn) - W, Dec., 5-3 (TB2)
Cons. Final - #4 Curt Delia (Rider), L, Dec., 3-5
174 Pounds
Trey Adamson (3-2)
1st - Bye
2nd - Carry Joseph (VMI), W, Fall, 2:05
3rd - Seth Nolan (Brown), W, Dec., 12-10
QF - #1 Lee Munster (Northwestern), L, TF 0-15 (7:00)
Cons. - Patrick Davis (NC State), W, Dec., 8-3
Cons. QF - #5 Keithen Cast (American), L, Dec., 3-10
184 Pounds
#1 Diego Bencomo (0-2)
1st - Sean Dougherty (Cal Poly), L, Dec., 8-10
Cons. - Jesse Johnson (Appalachian State) - L, Dec., 8-9
Dylan Ryan (0-2)
1st - #6 Luke Sheridan (Indiana), L, Dec., 1-6
Cons. - Marcus Shrewsbury (Northwestern), L, Dec., 4-5
197 Pounds
#2 Conner Hartmann (4-1)
1st - Devon Bradley (American), W, Fall, 2:32
QF - Paul Weiss (Appalachian State) - W, Fall, 3:24
SF - #3 Sterling Hecox (Brown), L, Dec., 14-15
Cons. - SF - Brian Self (Duke), W, Dec., 6-3
Cons. Final - #5 Alex Polizzi (Northwestern), W, Dec. 11-5
Brian Self (4-2)
1st - Augustus Marker (Brown), W, Dec., 4-0
2nd - #1 Rich Perry (Bloomsburg), L, MD, 6-17
Cons. - Urayoan Garcia (VMI) - W, Fall, 4:15
Cons. QF - #4 Hunter Meys (Boston Univ.), W, Dec., 5-3
Cons. SF - #2 Conner Hartmann (Duke) L, Dec., 3-6
5th-Place - Paul Weiss (Appalachian State), W, Dec., 4-2
Brendan Walsh (1-2)
1st - #6 Kyle Cowan (Penn), L, Dec., 3-6
Cons. - Mike Kosoy (NC State), W, Dec. 3-2
Cons. - Steven Graziano (Penn), L, Dec., 2-4


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Tupelo Honey
Out of stock.
Limited to small area in South Carolina, this rare honey is a national treasure.
Limited to small area in South Carolina, this rare honey is a national treasure.
Find out what the buzz is all about!.
Harvested over two or three weeks in the early spring, Tupelo nectar is one of the rarest and most valuable liquid treasures in the world.
After being concentrated by the worker bees, the nectar is transformed into a delicacy whose combination of strength, subtlety, and sweetness is almost impossible to describe.
A perfect compliment with a strong black tea, buttered toast, or aged cheddar.
20 oz. Pure honey.
Product of the USA.
If you have an account with us, please log in to submit a review.View a Listing of All Product Reviews
September 20, 2010
by javid akbar (buffalo, NY)
this is good honey . texture flavor. i like the floral taste that it leaves in my mouth. some what like a beautiful perfume. very nice
May 19, 2010
by Karen Southam (Kennewick, WA)
Best tasting honey we have ever had. We will be reordering this!
September 18, 2009
by jane Wiatr (Union, NJ)
Sweeter than the person I gave it too!
May 18, 2009
by Bonnie Workman (Greensboro, AL)
My son is a honey lover and uses it to sweeten everything from coffee to salad dressings. He is difficult to buy for so this was a great find. He was especially delighted with it as he had just read an article about Tupelo honey. The sleek bottle added to the fun of giving it as gift.
December 19, 2008
by Cherry Hickson (College Station, TX)
This is the best honey I have ever tasted!


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AO-Pie in the Face (October 18th, 2013)
Alpha Omicron Pie raised money for arthritis patients and the Arthritis Foundation by taking pies in the face. Any student lucky enough to walk by would have the opportunity to pie one of the sisters. Professors George Spilich and Michele Volansky were also kind enough to contribute their faces to the cause.


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Item Description
Letter, Paul Shepherd to James Redpath
Author: Shepherd, Paul
Date: January 3, 1860
From Dover, Michigan, Paul Shepherd--formerly of Kansas Territory--wrote Redpath to pass along "some useful information, in repect to John H. Kagi." Of most interest, perhaps is Shepherd's account of the "shoot out" at Tecumseh between Kagi and Judge Rush Elmore, who Kagi had accused of "being a prime mover in the murderous attack upon him" at Lecompton in mid-January 1857.
Location of Original: KSHS Call Number: Richard Hinton Collection, #384, Box 1, Folder 11
Item Number: 103069 Number of images: 5
Keywords: Bogus legislature; Border ruffians; Cato, Sterling G.; Courts; Elmore, Rush; Free state cause; Free state militia; Geary, John White, 1819-1873; Kagi, John Henry; Lecompton, Kansas Territory; Moffett, Charles; National Era; Newspapers - Free State; Proslavery perspective; Stevens, Aaron Dwight (see also Whipple, Charles); Tecumseh, Kansas Territory; Topeka Legislature (see Free state legislature); Topeka boys; Topeka, Kansas Territory; Violence
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