text:
Policy Forum 1998 Presentations
Alexander Bozhkov
, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry
I would like to note the huge amount of work done by
Coalition 2000
in connection with the preparation of the present Forum and the creation of the extremely valuable document entitled Anti-Corruption Action Plan.
Why, in the past few years, has corruption become not only a big public issue but also a problem threatening our efforts to establish a democratic society? One of the reasons is the absence of moral inhibitions in modern Bulgarians. For decades - we are more or less all from the same generation, and we are people who have grown up in a world of double standards - we were told one thing at home and quite another, outside of it. For years society was marked by duplicity. And it is very easy to cross the line from a lie to a theft. And when we finally got rid of this false morality, its place was not taken by traditional Bulgarian morality. There appeared a certain nihilism in public relations and the perception of democracy as anarchy and license. This anarchy is most conspicuous in the economy. It is commonly believed that nothing is forbidden there, that nothing is regulated. The Bulgarian public has seen all too many people achieve material prosperity precisely by trampling on the intrinsic moral norms of a civilized modern society.
This is a very catching example. And that makes it all the more difficult to prevent corruption and to persuade people that corruption is a bad thing. Because, besides money stolen from society, it implies a great many other things. For instance, that public procurement will not be assigned to the one likely to provide the best product; that an enterprise will not go to the best buyer, with all ensuing consequences for its future. Corruption means that the state will not collect the due revenues.
In other words, in purely economic terms, the consequences of corruption for society are extremely grave. That is why it is so important for society itself to recover the moral fundaments on which a civilized society ought to be built.
We may here prepare, adopt, and enact the best of laws, the best of regulations. If, however, society does not become a guarantor of people's moral integrity we will not win the fight against corruption and that will undermine the efforts to achieve democracy and order. And ultimately, democracy is, above all, order.
Allow me, in the presence of so many representatives of the media, to voice a certain apprehension. With the subject of corruption becoming some kind of topical issue of the day, when dishonesty, indecency, and corruption are sought in any undertaking, there arises the danger of exaggeration - as if corruption were omnipresent and it were pointless to fight it.
I am offended by hasty generalizations that all those who work in the sphere of privatization are corrupt. And I say this because I have been following closely the work of those employed in the ministry of which I am in charge. Its employees are doing their best to ensure the success of privatization.
Antonio Vigilante
, Resident Coordinator, United Nations, Sofia
There are many economic and moral arguments for fighting corruption. I would like to add a functional argument and a legal argument. I think that corruption impedes good governance and the functioning of democracy while, from a legal point of view, corruption is a violation of human rights due to the fact that it diverts resources from investment in human development and does not allow equal access to opportunities. So we may consider that we have not only a moral and economic obligation to fight corruption but we also have a legal obligation to fight it.
I would like to congratulate
Coalition 2000
very much for its excellent plan and I would like to congratulate it even for the title, which is very beautiful and looks to the future when, one day I suppose, we will have a Clean Present.
I would like to emphasize two points: the institutionality and the coalition aspect, which are critical to empowerment, and the comprehensiveness of the plan, which is really impressive-so impressive that if it is fully implemented, it will be more than an anti-corruption plan; it will be a plan for good governance as well. If you just think of its effect on internal democracy and political fighting, this plan will definitely contribute not only to fighting corruption, but also to enhancing participatory democracy and transparent public administration.
I think, though, that the plan will have more chances of success in building intolerance towards corruption and in promoting more transparency, if we can detect where the major challenges are. As Mr. John Tennant said, implementation is really a major challenge since the legal and the administrative reforms proposed in the plan depend on several institutions. I hope that the plan of
Coalition 2000
contains enough motivation and real capacity to forge partnership, to push and to ensure that the concrete reforms proposed get approved by the relevant bodies. Another minor challenge may be the institutional set-up. I suppose that to make it happen a policy forum at a working level will be necessary in order to coordinate with different institutions the actions needed in due time.
On behalf of the UNDP, besides congratulating
Coalition 2000
, I would like to assure you that we will continue to support this effort and this plan by promoting exchange of the best practices among the countries and by providing, when required, specialized advisory services. My congratulations and good luck.
Avis Bohlen
, Ambassador to Bulgaria of the United States of America
Corruption is one of the most difficult and complex issues that faces all of our societies. In present days, though, corruption is a very serious problem in societies in transition. I am very pleased that my government, through USAID and through its cooperation with many other donors and international organizations, has been able to support the efforts of this group and of other organizations which are trying to fight corruption. My government is very committed to assisting anti-corruption efforts on a global scale, and Bulgaria is one of the countries that has received our support on this issue. But in the final analysis it is the organizations in Bulgaria and Bulgarian society that will make a success of these efforts. It is, therefore, very important to note that this initiative of
Coalition 2000
started on a local level - with a group of Bulgarian NGOs that got together to initiate an anti-corruption coalition. I think it is also important that citizens' participation has been assured through a series of meetings that led to this event, and the next step will be to go back and receive a broad-basis approval of this action plan.
Local support - support from institutions in Bulgaria - will be extremely important to ensure the success of this project. The real process has to develop from inside and with whatever help the international community may give it; it is really Bulgarian society that will have to make this process work.
I want to make one other point. I was very struck by the point that was made in the article of Evgenii Dainov in Kapital weekly that many people are critical or a little bit cynical about the efforts of the United States and other western countries to combat corruption in societies where viewing corruption as a problem is sometimes seen as naive and idealistic and slightly unrealistic. But you don't want me now to make the point that these same countries are the ones that have the most developed economies. There is, as many of the previous speakers said, a very close connection between the level of economic development and the level of corruption.
Corruption is a bad thing not only because of the moral stigma that is attached to it but also because it is a mortgage on the future; it is a great burden on the economy. In addition, it is profoundly destructive of the values that are central to building a democratic society, transparency and accountability. Corruption by definition flourishes in an atmosphere of secrecy. It cannot survive in the open. And, as it has been said earlier by Antonio Vigilante, it is a violation of human rights; it is destructive of the rule of law and of sound judicial process.
That is why, even though the last speaker was quite correct to say that neither this action plan, nor its successors, nor any conference can combat the problem of corruption in itself - it will not disappear overnight - it seems to me that the important thing is that Clean Future should be a continuing goal for these organizations in Bulgarian society as a whole and that is why we are here today.
Danijel Pantic
, Deputy Secretary General, European Movement in Serbia
I would like to pass to this forum the best regards of three not-for-profit organizations from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that are now gathering forces to tackle seriously, for the first time in the history of Serbia, the issue of corruption. We are at the very beginning of our work.
We believe that countries in the region of South-Eastern Europe share a number of common policy problems. It is certainly true that the issue of corruption is among the most serious policy problems. In order to be solved, these common policy problems require proper policy solutions and policy recommendations. Thus, we have been impressed by the work of
Coalition 2000
in curbing corruption in Bulgaria. We believe that
Coalition 2000
came up with a number of solutions, which create something like a 'know-how' that can be applied in other countries in the region as well.
As you know, corruption impedes economic growth and the allocation of resources not only locally but also regionally. In terms of international business transactions, corruption makes them less efficient and introduces certain distortions in the allocation of investments. In that sense, improving the situation in one of the Balkan countries will improve the situation in the neighboring countries as well. As you know, the whole region is being, with good reason, considered quite risky for foreign direct investments compared to the countries of the Visegrad group, for example.
In Serbia we believe that strengthening and promoting transparency through, in the first place, proper social marketing is likely to be the most effective method for curbing corruption. I completely agree with Ms. Kapka Kostova, who said that prevention is very important. The first thing that we are going to do and that we have already started doing is to organize and pursue a survey of corruption in Serbia and to see what should be done in the future step by step.
Ekaterina Michailova
, Deputy Chair of the Parliamentary Committee to Counter Crime and Corruption
It is an honor to me to have the opportunity at this moment to address so many people who have worked actively to counteract corruption and who, through public initiatives, have supported the efforts of the government institutions to enable us to cope with the phenomenon of corruption.
In its early days the 38th National Assembly adopted a declaration which is familiar to most of you: the Declaration of National Consent. It contains an item which says that we are combining our efforts in the struggle against corruption and crime at all levels and in all powers. We declared this a priority of both Parliament and the government at the very beginning of the formation of the 38th National Assembly. This was perhaps the first act to publicly demand that resolute actions be taken in this sphere.
We were glad to see that non-governmental initiatives were also launched in this sphere.
Coalition 2000
is one of them. The work carried out by the Coalition during the past period is indeed impressive. The proposed Anti-Corruption Action Plan was diligently prepared. Many of you present here today have seen it in a rough version before it was finalized. In it important conclusions are drawn and many valuable initiatives planned which can be realized both by government institutions and NGOs.
Consequently, non-governmental organizations, the media and government institutions have united their efforts because a task of this kind requires broad interaction.
Today's meeting is yet another way of posing the problems and seeking a solution to many of them. We are all clear about the fact that not a single country in the world has been able to cope with corruption for good. This does not mean, however, that no actions should be taken to curb it. In my opinion, the struggle against corruption is not limited solely to sanctioning offenders; it requires comprehensive measures to be taken for the conduct of genuine reforms in all spheres. This will help to liquidate the prerequisites for corruption. For this reason, one of the most important priorities of both Parliament and the government is the conduct and successful completion of the reforms in the economic, financial and administrative sphere.
These are all questions which we consider to be directly related to the subject under discussion. How can government institutions and non-governmental organizations successfully cooperate with each other? I can say that we are already actively working together. We held a meeting between representatives of the Steering Committee of Coalition 2000 and the Parliamentary Committee to Counter Crime and Corruption. At it, we agreed on many joint initiatives, the exchange of information and possibilities for joint actions. Parliament will use the ideas of
Coalition 2000
by translating them into legislation and, conversely, the government bodies will be able to provide the necessary information to non-governmental organizations and take specific actions. Of course, the beginning is not easy. I believe that our cooperation will not be limited to what has been done so far. Possibly the biggest guarantee that things will develop in a favorable direction is that the boards of directors of non-governmental organizations include MPs and representatives of the executive power. In other words, we have created mechanisms of direct links and contacts among us which indeed enable us to put into effect the good ideas that are born in a constantly ongoing dialogue.
Emil Georgiev
, Coordinator,
Coalition 2000
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The following three fundamental assumptions underlie the activity of
Coalition 2000
: first, that corruption is harmful to society and should therefore be counteracted; second, that corruption is a cognizable phenomenon and, in this sense, measurable, and can be made subject to deliberate actions with likewise measurable results and effectiveness; and third, that corruption can only be successfully counteracted through joint efforts and cooperation among all those concerned, and only if this cooperation is broad-based, well-planned, and coordinated.
Those ideas were also fundamental in drafting the Anti-Corruption Action Plan. The writing of this document involved 32 experts in the area of social and political sciences, law, economics, sociological research, and the media.
They were organized into six working groups which covered the six main parts of the Plan: institutional and legal environment, judicial reform, economic reform, civil society, public perceptions of corruption, and international cooperation.
The initial draft of the Action Plan was sent out with a request for input and recommendations regarding its content to all governmental and non-governmental, as well as international organizations concerned, and was subsequently reviewed at a working meeting held in Sofia.
At the second stage the Action Plan was published in 2,000 copies and was once again sent out to the greatest possible number of institutions concerned with a request for input. Foreign and international research centers and organizations made an important contribution at this stage. Meanwhile, a number of personal meetings took place between members of the
Coalition 2000
Secretariat and Steering Committee and high-level government officials for the purpose of presenting the Action Plan. This ultimately resulted in what you all have in front of you, and I am most happy with the appreciation expressed by the previous speakers.
After this Forum, the Anti-Corruption Action Plan will become a broad and solid base for anti-corruption actions, both on the part of government organizations, and of the third sector. I am sure that the experience we have gained in the process of creating this Plan, and the experience we will gain in the process of its implementation, will be used in other countries. This will be our own contribution to the fight against corruption on an international scale.
I take the opportunity to thank all those involved in one way or another in the creation of the Anti-Corruption Action Plan, and especially its authors. The holding of the present Forum itself, as well as the significant involvement of the government, on the one hand, and of non-governmental organizations, on the other, is a guarantee that our efforts have not gone to waste.
John Tennant
, Mission Director, USAID/Bulgaria
One of the things that we heard so often today is that responding effectively to the challenges of corruption requires very broad mobilization of all elements of society. From the public-sector perspective, corruption arises where public officials have wide authority, little accountability and perverse incentives. This means that the more opportunities these authorities have to regulate, the more opportunities exist for corruption. The lower the probability of detection and punishment, the lower the risk associated with corrupt deals. In addition, the lower the salaries, the rewards for performance, the security of employment and the professionalism of public service, the greater the incentives for public officials to pursue self-serving rather than public-serving ends.
This institutional perspective in the public sector suggests fighting corruption by three basic initiatives. One is reducing the role of the government in economic activities. As Mr. Bozhkov said, the most effective way to fight corruption is to privatize the economy. Two, strengthening transparency and sanctions to improve accountability; and three, redesigning trends of employment in public service to improve incentives. These three issues need to be the most important elements if we are to have an effective action plan to deal with corruption in the public sector.
The work map laid out in the action plan sets objectives that the government can and must pursue. Although this perspective gives us an important insight into the problem, it does not take into account socially-embedded incentives to participate in corrupt practices. Independent of opportunities, costs, and professional incentives within government institutions, the general social attitude towards corruption influences those who would be involved in it.
Indeed, the Vitosha Research findings in the Clean Future document suggest that the population's attitude towards corruption in Bulgaria may be far too accepting and resigned to corruption as a necessary evil to permit a sustained and strong anti-corruption effort. Experience around the world has shown that without strong civil society and public sector support, governments are unlikely to follow through with anti-corruption reforms once they enter the politically difficult terrain.
These considerations suggest that any anti-corruption efforts must also address attitudes towards corruption. Most generally, such efforts need to raise awareness about the cost of corruption to the country's political and economic development. This means convincing the public that corruption is an extremely damaging pattern of interaction for society as a whole, and that the collective damages over time outweigh any possible short-term personal benefits. Along with raising awareness, these efforts need to stimulate the reformers and mobilize citizens and elites to push out any corruption in the political agenda.
Responses to corruption, therefore, include both institutional reforms to limit authority, improve accountability and change incentives within the public sector, as well as societal reforms to change attitudes and mobilize political will for sustained anti-corruption advancement. The first is a uniquely governmental role with the support of civil society and the private sector while the second is most effectively led by civil society and the private sector with the support of the government. This interaction between the two is critical for the success of the anti-corruption efforts. Within these two broad categories the list of potential responses is extensive and it is extensively discussed in the action plan in front of you.
I would like to note that
Coalition 2000
, as it has been said earlier, is really a unique private-public partnership that provides a powerful framework and mechanism for dealing with corruption in a comprehensive and systemic way. USAID-Bulgaria is pleased to be able to support this creative initiative, which puts Bulgaria in a leadership position for all countries which are struggling to deal with corruption. The plan is in front of us. Now the challenge is to implement it. This is the critical step in the whole process.
Ludovic Aigrot
, Programme Officer responsible for the Octopus Project, Secretariat General of the Council of Europe
Corruption and related crime, such as money laundering, know no borders. Which is why international cooperation is essential in this field. I would like to point out that the Council of Europe supports all initiatives which can contribute to reducing corruption, including
Coalition 2000
, and we were very happy to contribute to this work through our Information and Documentation Centre in Sofia. The fight against corruption is a priority for our organization because corruption is a serious threat to the principles it stands for-the establishment of democratic institutions, the rule of law as well as human rights. For this reason the Council of Europe has developed numerous actions and extensive work in this field. I will mention just two recent events.
Last week we held a conference at the ministerial level on pan-European police cooperation in the fight against corruption and organized crime. We also adopted a Criminal Convention on Fighting Corruption on which the Council of Europe has been working for the last three years. I would like to take this opportunity to ask Bulgarian authorities to consider joining the Group of States against Corruption - GRECO, established under the auspices of the Council of Europe. The aim of GRECO is to improve the capacity of its members to fight corruption through a process of mutual evaluation and peer pressure. This would be another formal commitment of Bulgaria towards the fight against corruption.
I would like to mention that six states have already joined this group. GRECO will review compliance with the twenty guiding principles in the fight against corruption that were adopted by the committee of ministers of the Council of Europe last year and will also monitor compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Convention on Corruption. I would like to underline the importance of this instrument that was adopted last week. This is the first instrument in line with the procedural laws in the field of the fight against corruption. This is the first instrument with such a wide scope.
Finally, I would like to inform you about the second phase of the Octopus project, which is a joint project between the Council of Europe and the European Commission on the fight against corruption and organized crime in states in transition. During the first phase we drafted recommendations for all states involved, including Bulgaria, and now we are developing a two-year training program, whose aim is to develop cooperation between judges, prosecutors, police officers and other relevant experts at the national level in specific fields, such as international cooperation, methods of conduct in corruption cases, the cooperation between law enforcement bodies, the protection of witnesses and other subjects.
Ognian Shentov
, President, Center for the Study of Democracy
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Guests,
Allow me, on behalf of the
Coalition 2000
Steering Committee, to declare the commencement of the Anti-Corruption Public Forum conducted within the
Coalition 2000
process. The purpose of this Forum is to endorse the Anti-Corruption Action Plan-a document on which practically all of us present here have been working for several months already.
The present forum is, on the one hand, part of the process of growing public awareness about the need for an anti-corruption policy whereas, on the other, it is an integral part of the internal structure and the logic of the
Coalition 2000
initiative. The background and chronological development of the
Coalition 2000
process have been presented in the Clean Future publication. I would nevertheless like to make two points which I consider particularly important and which are among the most essential characteristics of this process.
The first one is that, as a model of interaction between the structures and organizations of civil society and government institutions in the sphere of anti-corruption policy development and implementation, this process is unique. This was the opinion of the international experts, the World Bank experts, who have had similar working experience in more than 20 countries and who visited Bulgaria for consultations in September 1998.
A second, crucial characteristic of the process is that it constitutes a systematic, comprehensive approach to the process of devising and implementing an anti-corruption policy. A few days ago, during his public lecture at the Sheraton Hotel, Mr. George Soros, who was on a brief visit to Bulgaria, noted the comprehensive nature of the
Coalition 2000
approach, which, according to him, had no analogue in the other countries in transition.
Let me express, on behalf of all those involved in the various components of the
Coalition 2000
process, our sincerest thanks to Ms. Ekaterina Mihailova, Chair of the Parliamentary Committee to Counter Crime and Corruption, who supported our ideas at a very early stage. I would also like to thank the Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Bozhkov and the Mayor of Sofia, Mr. Stefan Sofianski, for their commitment, and the commitment of the institutions headed by them-the Ministry of Industry and Sofia City Municipality, regarding this problem. I would also like to express our gratitude to President Petar Stoyanov for his address to the participants in the Policy Forum.
Finally, I would like to congratulate Mr. John Tenant, Mission Director of the United Stated Agency for International Development in Bulgaria, who was recently honored with one of the highest Bulgarian awards. After a most successful term in office, he is leaving the country definitively and we highly appreciate the fact that he made time to participate in the work of the Forum.
Stefan Sofianski
, Mayor of Sofia
I want to thank the forum's organizers and all those present because the very fact that we are meeting for the second time within half a year to discuss these problems shows that we are committed to them. On the other hand, we all should ask ourselves why we are discussing measures against corruption in the first place. Is it because we feel guilty or are we simply reacting to public pressure? I would say both.
Public pressure on the country's government for solving the problem of corruption is obvious. This is so because, unfortunately, quite often in their everyday life people are faced with big or small problems of this kind. This is why we should ask ourselves: seeing that there is public pressure and seeing that there is a desire to change things, why have we not succeeded as yet?
I hope that this forum will be a step in the right direction. Only the discussion of ideas is not enough, though. I consider it high time for all of us who have undertaken public commitments or have had powers vested in them to change things in some way, to embark on extreme measures.
What should we do? Where are we still missing the link with the public? In what conditions does corruption thrive and what is the first thing which needs to be overcome?
Corruption does not thrive in places where structures and procedures are clear. In other words, the first thing we have to do is to create normal management structures and clear procedures for the public.
The second, extremely important thing in this direction is to create transparency. Out of ten decisions one may be wrong. If you find a way to explain it to the public it will forgive you if you are working well otherwise. If you try to hide it, the suspicion of corruption is immediately bred. This is why we have to pursue a policy of transparency in any undertaking.
The third extremely important activity is control. In my view it includes two components. The first is effective institutional control. Our society can boast quite serious steps in this direction. We have an operative financial control system, we were able to set up the Audit Office. This is extremely important because it enables us to control public money. The Audit Office looks precisely after public money. These are the primary and secondary disposers of budget funds.
Thomas O'Brien
, Resident Representative, The World Bank, Sofia
It is an honor for me to be here today, to be amongst a large group of partners who have started their commitment to cooperation and action against corruption. And there is no doubt in my mind of the importance of this topic, and the attention which Bulgaria is paying to it. Indeed I recall some months ago, on my very first working day here in Bulgaria, attending a meeting of
Coalition 2000
to debate the early findings which are being presented to you here today.
You know that the World Bank works in well over 100 countries across the world, and has 181 members, and there is no country which can claim to be free of corruption. Many countries are making efforts to curb corruption. Bulgaria can be amongst those at the front of this effort. It is doing so by:
Acknowledging the presence of corruption,
working with partners in civil society and the private sector to combat it, and
being transparent about the progress which is made in this fight - these are all key ingredients.
Coalition 2000
initiative brings together several NGOs, and seeks to include the Government, Parliamentarians and others.
Coalition 2000
should continue to build its bridges further and stronger, to Trade Unions, private companies, government authorities and others. The World Bank believes that partnerships of this type are essential for an effective battle against corruption.
The Bank's commitment against corruption is led from the top: our President James Wolfensohn has personally spoken out on the topic in the largest international forums. Why? Because widespread corruption holds back a country's economic development and weakens the fight against poverty. You can't get Bulgaria's economic engine running again smoothly if the petrol is full of dirt and dust. This dirt and dust - the corruption - will stop the engine firing on all cylinders, and will clog up the machine. So it's to the benefit of ordinary citizens that corruption is weeded out, and legitimate economic activity is allowed to flourish.
Corruption - the reality and the perception - also undermines confidence in the economic reforms which Bulgaria is boldly and vigorously pursuing. We all know that reputable foreign investors can be scared off if they believe that doing business here requires widespread manipulation of the system. But more important than that, the common people, the ordinary citizens living in the towns and villages across this country will naturally be suspicious of the new, market reforms, if they believe that corruption undermines reforms, and brings only gain for a few and not for the many. And that concern is understandable - and that's why the Government,
Coalition 2000
and all of us must respond to their needs and concerns.
Many of the steps and ideas included in the
Coalition 2000
plan are at the forefront of best international practice and we can applaud that. The Bank looks forward to looking at ways it can continue to support the Government and its partners in their work. For example, efforts to strengthen and rationalize the role of the state - so that institutions genuinely serve the needs of citizens, in ordinary, day-to-day interactions in hospitals, schools, town halls - are programs which the Bank with the Government have set as a priority in our Country Assistance Strategy. We can provide technical advice and financial resources for such a program, and look forward to advancing this.
Further, in all our countries, we're committed to eliminating any corruption which could emerge in World Bank supported activity. As we say, and you will agree, even one case of corruption is one case too many. The Government,
Coalition 2000
, and others know that corruption can never be eliminated. But the efforts - to raise public awareness, act as a watchdog, and implement concrete actions - they can go a long way towards a clean future. I wish you well in your endeavors.
William Loris
, Deputy Director, International Development Law Institute
Someone as late as November 6 of this year raised the question of whether this forum will lead to a clean future. I do not think that the forum will do that. I do not think the plan will either. I think, though, that this plan is mapping out a process and I think that this has been underlined here. It takes the commitment of a large group of people, broad representation, and the element of sustainability in order for this plan to have any effective role. My institute is involved because, as you can see in its title, it is a development institute. We try to find the connection between law and the development process and, in a sense, one of the end products of this project or initiative is to change the legal infrastructure.
We are not here as originators of this project, because this is a truly local initiative of people who have made this plan-who started it, who sought the funding for it and who have advocated for it. But as Mayor Sofianski said, the process starts with us, with public officials; so in the interest of transparency I can explain to you how this project was structured. USAID was approached by
Coalition 2000
. It came out of a dialogue between
Coalition 2000
and USAID as well as many of the other people around this table today. And, as a matter of convenience and also as a matter of ensuring the transparency and effectiveness of the process, there was a grant made by USAID to my institute, which in turn passed the resources on to the coalition through the secretariat as they needed them, and that process is still going on.
We are also working with
Coalition 2000
in establishing procedures for the second phase of this project, which would ensure greater participation of interested individuals from non-governmental organizations, of government officials, etc. And these procedures have found a way into the working documents which will be used in the implementation of the second phase. USAID has played a major part in the negotiations and in setting the policies and directions for these documents so that this process itself can achieve the kind of transparency that everybody says we need in order to fight corruption.
There is another reason we are involved. IDLI is an intergovernmental organization. One of our member countries is Bulgaria. The United States is another member country. We think that the member countries of the institute have the responsibility to play a part in the economic development in general, not just in Bulgaria but elsewhere. So Bulgaria is one of our 'owners' as a member state. It reviews our work and sets our policies, and we plan already in some courses that we are giving in 1999, which will be attended by representatives from the whole world, to bring representatives from
Coalition 2000
to our institute in Rome and let them tell their story. Hopefully, this will have not only a regional effect but an effect beyond this region.
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text:
I have a soft spot for "hack job" WW2 fighters. Usually it involved replacing a problematic inline engine with a radial (eg La-5 and Ki-100), although in some cases it went the other way(Fw-190 D); resulting in a plane that had a fat nose, or an elongated one. Sometimes as in the Nakajima K-44, it was the result of an unusual requirement leading to an unusual design. Sometimes they just hacked up a plane designed for one role and got a better one for an entirely different niche (eg. Kawanishi Shiden).
Lavochkin La-5
Originally it was the LaGG-3, which had been designed for a powerful inline engine. The LaGG-3 was supposed to address an aluminium shortage by building large parts with phenol-impregnated wood, which also made it heavy. However that engine was found to be unreliable, so they substituted it with a weaker inline, and got an underpowered overweight fighter that moved like a slug. Even Stalin started to notice how awful it was and started breathing down Lavochkin's collective necks.
Nervously (who wouldn't be nervous with Stalin watching?) Lavochkin fitted a rather large radial engine, and got a surprisingly decent fighter with a wide cowl for the radial and narrow body originally designed for the inline, which was renamed the La-5 (no G because Godunov was kicked out). When aluminium became more available they replaced the wooden parts with metal and cleaned up the aerodynamics a bit and got the even better La-7.
Kawasaki Ki-100
It started as the Ki-61 Hien, Japan's one and only inline-powered fighter. The engine was a copy of the German Daimler-Benz that powered the Bf-109, making the plane look like an Italian design (eg. Macchi C.202 Folgore), thus the Allied codename "Tony".
High powered liquid-cooled inlines were harder to mass-produce. Kawasaki never really solved the problem of quality control. Ki-61 fighters spent a lot of time grounded at their bases due to engine problems, while in Japan there were many more airframes gathering dust in warehouses due to bad engines being rejected.
Then Kawasaki's engine factory was bombed in 1945, halting all production of that problematic inline. They fitted a Mitsubishi Kinsei radial on the airframes and found a surprisingly good fighter, one that Japanese Army aces said outperformed their Nakajima Hayate. They called it the Type 5 Fighter (Go-Shiki-Sen). Like the La-5, it had a large radial-engine cowl and narrow inline-engine body. It appeared so late that the Japanese and the Allies never gave it a proper codename.
Why didn't they do this sooner like Lavochkin? Maybe if the Emperor ordered them to or else commit seppuku…
Focke-Wulf Fw-190 D
The highly successful Fw-190 A was a radial engined fighter with one problem: poor high altitude performance. Its powerful BMW engine had been intended for transports and airliners! No one had expected it to power a fighter at high altitude. The engine had been chosen because the more obvious high-altitude inline engines had been snapped up by Messerschmitt, Heinkel, Henschel and Junkers. Even the radial originally picked by Focke-Wulf had been snatched. Only the airliner engine was left.
That made the Fw-190A a sort of hack job already, but at least the plane was designed to accommodate a radial engine of that size. It was a tough bird that shrugged off ground fire and absorb much damage because there were no leaky radiators to worry about.
But high-altitude work was left to the Bf-109, which by 1944 needed a bit more help.
So Kurt Tank of Focke-Wulf put a huge Jumo inline bomber engine on the Fw-190, and stretched the fighter's body a little for balance, resulting in the gangly and awkward-looking long-nosed Fw-190 D, the "Dora". It was supposed to be a stopgap until he finished testing the more advanced Ta-152, but the Luftwaffe pilots couldn't get enough of it, they loved it! A remarkably successful hack-job.
The Ta-152 looked very similar to the Fw-190D, using the same engine and similar fuselage. The difference was in the internal structure which was strengthened to accommodate the increased weight and power and to rebalance the fighter. The Dora was pretty much a fast and high climbing straight-line fighter, the Ta-152 was supposed to be more balanced and able to manoeuvre better. Only a few got into the air before the war ended.
Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki
This is not quite a hack-job: the fighter was designed that way from the beginning. But it deserves a mention anyway. When Nakajima was told to design a bomber-interceptor with a furious rate of climb and speed, the only way they could do it at the time was to fit the biggest radial engine they had on as small a body that could still hold it.
I think it made the designers at Nakajima wince. Their other designs were beautiful.
But it was a reasonably successful design, having a performance remarkable for 1941-42 in climb and top speed that matched the later J2M Raiden (1945).
Nakajima had to stop building them because they had to retool their factories to produce their new fighter, the Ki-84 Hayate. There simply weren't enough factories to produce all the types of Nakajima planes, although they kept cranking out Zeros until the end.
Yes, Nakajima built Zeros under licence and eventually built more than Mitsubishi did.
Why not stop Zero production and keep building Shokis and Hayates?
Stop Zero production? Kinjiru! (Forbidden!)
Kawanishi N1K1-J Shiden
This is probably the most remarkable hack-job of them all. It was originally the N1K1 Kyofu, a sea-plane with floats under the fuselage and wings. When the Navy decided not to buy any more than a dozen, Kawanishi modified the plane into a land-based fighter by removing the floats, and installing retractable landing gear.
They replaced the engine: the large Mitsubishi Kasei was replaced with the more powerful Nakajima Homare. Now there was no more room for the cowl-mounted machine guns but the holes were left there anyway, it was welcome ventilation in the tropics. The original round cowl now sprouted oil-cooler intakes above and below the nose.
They put on extra large propellers to take advantage of the more powerful engine, but that meant they had to make the landing gear taller by telescoping it out for landing.
Oh, and high velocity cannons. There was already room for a pair in the wings in the Kyofu, so they added another pair in pods under the wings. They called the new plane the Shiden "Purple Lightning", and added "J" at the end of N1K1 to signify the change from seaplane to land-based fighter.
It was an awful looking plane.
The Navy was lukewarm about it, they were waiting for Mitsubishi to finish the Reppu fighter which was supposed to succeed the Zero. Meanwhile the Zero had its wings shortened for speed and roll and had installed high velocity cannons to shoot at longer range instead of knife-fighting distance of the earlier models.
Mitsubishi never finished the Reppu, and the Zero was hacked out of the sky by newer Allied planes and tactics. Suddenly the Shiden was in demand. It was a fast and nimble flying tank. Japanese planes were notoriously fragile, but the Shiden could take hits and still fly; it turned like it had a turret; and with four high velocity cannons it could shoot like a tank. It was also fast and did not suffer the lousy high-speed handling of other Japanese planes.
The 1945 model N1K2 Shiden-Kai (Improved Purple Lightning) reduced the number of parts, improved the aerodynamics and put the extra cannon in the wings. I suspect they also wanted it to look prettier; the mongrel N1K1 model must have made Kawanishi's designers cringe, it was an effective but awkward-looking plane.
Remarkably, Kawanishi was and still is a company absolutely specializing in seaplanes, not fighters. Everything else it ever built for the Japanese Navy were seaplanes, seaplanes, seaplanes, flying boats, amphibious planes, flying boats and more seaplanes. A land fighter by Kawanishi? Unglaublich! as the Germans say.

subset: commoncrawl


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What have you adopted today? The European Commission has today adopted a recommendation to the Council to open the Article 50 negotiations with the UK, in accordance with Article 218 (3) of the Treaty on European Union. The recommendation ...and more »
European commission chief's remark follows Theresa May's broadside against EU 'meddling' in UK elections. Jennifer Rankin in Florence. Fri 5 May 2017 11.02 EDT First published on Fri 5 May 2017 07.15 EDT. Share on Facebook · Share on Twitter · Share ...and more »
The EU has raised its opening demand for Britain's Brexit bill to an upfront gross payment of up to €100bn, according to Financial Times analysis of new stricter demands driven by France and Germany. Following direct requests from several member states ...and more »
Protecting Citizens' Rights in the Negotiations with the UK. Good afternoon to all of you. I will speak in English – obviously, I wish to be understood by the people who speak French, especially two days before this crucial election in my country. But ...and more »
PM claims European politicians and officials are behind 'deliberately timed' threats aimed at influencing election result. Heather Stewart and Peter Walker. Wed 3 May 2017 16.25 EDT First published on Wed 3 May 2017 11.19 EDT. Share on Facebook ...and more »
Last month, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that Britain would hold a general election on 8 June. The election raises three crucial questions. First, why did the Prime Minister call an election now? Under British law, she could have remained in ...and more »
The College of Commissioners has today sent a recommendation to the Council to open the Article 50 negotiations with the United Kingdom. It includes draft negotiating directives. This legal mandate follows the adoption on Saturday by the European ...and more »
The UK's eventual exit from the EU is looking more and more likely to be a train wreck. The Brexiteers in Prime Minister Theresa May's administration are living in a fantasy world. And although May herself comes across as sensible and pragmatic, it now ...and more »
Brexit secretary says figure is part of 'rough and tumble' of negotiations, and proves that no deal is better than bad deal. • General election 2017 - live updates · Matthew Weaver and Heather Stewart. Wed 3 May 2017 04.45 EDT Last modified on Wed 14 ...and more »
Even David Davis's loudest critics would concede one thing about the Brexit secretary: he is nothing if not breezily confident. His performance on the media rounds this morning was no exception; and his message following Theresa May's now-famously ...and more »


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Day 225 If I Had A Hammer …
Posted by themirrenlee on 12/08/2012
Boy, have I opened a can of cavities by going to the dentist. I'm in a LOT OF PAIN FROM ONE SILLY TOOTH, and the weird thing is it hurts worse when I lie down! So I may to stay upright for the next ten days, until I get into the dentist.
Toothaches are like headaches – they make you feel consumed by pain, and unable to think. Compared to this, Fibro Fog feels like I'd still have enough clarity to win Double Jeopardy.
I've been to Dr. Google and all the advice for tooth pain keeps coming back to the most popular by far: get drunk! Whisky appears to be the home remedy of choice. It's a clear favorite over wrapping the tooth in peanut butter, sealing it with Super Glue, or hitting myself in the head (distraction principle).
I hate the taste of alcohol, you may remember my children have prohibited me from using Super Glue ever since I glued my eyes shut, and peanut butter is fattening. So that leaves head hitting.
Hmmmm … think I'll rummage through my interesting (and copius) collection of drugs first. I have a wonderful selection of sedatives that don't work, and a terrific variety of pain killers. Between them, I'm sure I can whip up something to subdue one stupid little tooth.
If not, where's my hammer?
I'm just hittin' …
This entry was posted on 12/08/2012 at 10:58 am and is filed under I'm Just Sayin'. Tagged: dentist, mirren lee, tooth ache. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text: Virginia A. Murphy, nee Hernandez, loving mother of Michael, James (Susanna) and Joseph; cherished grandmother of Nicholas, Samantha and Jacob; dear daughter of Virginia (the late Del) Hernandez; survived and loved by brothers, sisters, nieces and nephews. Funeral Wednesday, June 15, 2005, 8:45 a.m., from Szykowny Funeral Home, Jonathan F. Siedlecki, Director, 4901 So. Archer Ave. (1 blk. East of Pulaski at Szykowny Blvd.), to St. Richard Church, Mass 9:30 a.m. Interment St. Mary Cemetery. Visitation Tuesday, 2 to 9 p.m. For funeral info 773-735-7521 .


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This cello was rented out to a panista who is adding the cello experience to her repertoire in Australia. While on holiday in South Africa she rented this axe so that her fingers would stay nimble while resting … little did we know that this was to be a whole new love affair. "How much for the cello in the window?" … Sorry, it is not for sale. "why?" Because it needs to be rebuilt, otherwise you are likely to be an unhappy cellist in the near'ish future.
From there the assessment began into the fantacy of what it may potentially become. Below you will be able to follow the progress ass we go along. Enjoy.
Project details
|23 June 2013
Rib seamsRib seams
Rib joint repairRib joint repair
Last major restoration dateLast major restoration date
Inside Cello
Base bar crackBase bar crack
Top block jointTop block joint
Amazing puttied edges.Amazing puttied edges.
Rib joint from the outside.Rib joint from the outside.
Top block after removal.Top block after removal.
Past corner replacement.Past corner replacement.
Rib repairRib repair
Filler and breaks on other corner.Filler and breaks on other corners.
Cleats4Next Cleat conglomerates.
F HoleF hole cleats.
Recent Works
The HA!Saga.
The Ha!Man, Francois le Roux and I met approximately a decade ago. His cello needed a fix, or two. Since then many thousands of skylo'meters have passed with many more sessions of sound. If it were an axe, it may have chopped forests for far. This cello's journey in the…
Candy Apple neck jobThis one made me feel like a clown. Now the mum knows more about half size cello rentals. How it blocks eased learning. With forming carpels in a young growing hand how doth thee play on a c'raised nut! No. The nut needs to be less than a millimetre off...
Bester's Bass
While on training project in Port Elizabeth at the end of 2015 a bass was brought to me for assessment! The ways in which restorative creativity presents itself is sometimes not shy from fantastic. This bass has been put back together in some of the most intriguing ways. Added 'cleats'…
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I woke up and noticed that the color of the sky reflected on my wardrobe mirror was unfathomably yellowish brown today. Immediately, I walked towards the study desk to check out the time, as I did not have my glasses on. I was like OMG?! What happened?!!! It was only 11 something in the morning, not 4 or 5 in the afternoon. And therefore, it's impossible for the sky to be in such unusual color at this time of the day. My first instinct rushed me to snap some photos, then I started google for the keywords, "dust storm september 23 2009 toowoomba".
Here is an article I found, reporting about the Dust Storm Spreads Across Queensland:
A SEVERE dust storm that shrouded Sydney and swept across New South Wales is firmly spreading across Queensland, heading from the west through to coastal regions.
The Bureau of Meteorology says the dust haze, caused by a vigorous dry change coming across the state, should reach the coast by early afternoon.
"There's quite a lot of dust across western Queensland and visibility is very poor in a region extending from just south of the Gulf of Carpentaria to the Darling Downs," a forecaster said.
"Texas has just reported 100 metre visibility and Tambo, 500 metres.
"Toowoomba is located at the top of the Range and it will get dusty in places however the western slopes will get more dust than the eastern slopes.
"Until it crosses the Range it's hard to say how much of it will carry through to the coast. Visibility isn't usually as bad on the eastern side of the Range."
A blanket of red dust has already shrouded most of Sydney after the weather system moved in from central Australia and western NSW.
The dust comes as the state experiences unseasonably warm temperatures and reports of visibility reduced to just 10 metres in Broken Hill.
The Bureau of Meteorology has issued a severe weather warning for damaging winds in Sydney with a gale warning issued for Sydney closed waters.
"Strong to gale force west to northwest winds, gradually easing late afternoon and evening," the Bureau says.
"Raised dust likely," it says.
A Sydney Airport spokesman said a combination of strong cross winds and low visibility would lead to flight delays throughout the day.
"We're operating in low visibility conditions due to strong winds and dust haze," he said.
"Departure and arrivals delays will be experienced at both Sydney and domestic and international airports.
"There have been four or five diversions of international flights to Brisbane Airport already."
Motorists are urged to exercise caution on the road with dangerous driving conditions, heavy traffic and low visibility expected.
The Roads and Traffic Authority says city bound lanes of the M5 tunnel are closed and motorists should use King Georges Road.
Sydneysiders with allergies and respiratory problems are being asked to stay inside.
The State Emergency Services says it has received 175 requests for assistance across the state.
Hail stones reportedly as big as cricket balls hit the town of Crookwell near Goulburn, damaging windows and tiles but there are few reports of damage in Sydney.
Bureau of Meteorology spokeswoman Jane Golding said dust had settled on much of the state and visibility was poor.
"It's pretty widespread," she told ABC Radio.
"We've had reports of low visibility up out as far up as Moree, Dubbo, Canberra's got some raised dust in the area and Wollongong, so it's very widespread."
Ms Golding said the weather system was moving in from the west and Sydney could expect dusty conditions throughout the morning.
Gale force winds of up to 100km/h have hit the Hunter region before moving through Sydney early on Wednesday.
"Dubbo's still in pretty thick dust. The dust will last a bit but we're also expecting those winds to pick up as well."
Ms Golding said the barometric pressure had dropped significantly. — finda.com.au
Dust Storm in Broken Hill


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|General Chat MCB's Coffee House: Pull up a seat, and grab your favorite caffeinated beverage. Non-paintball related chat within.
|Thread Tools
|#11 (permalink)
that escalated quickly
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: KC MO
I drive a delivery truck for Coca Cola (& I'm also in the National Guard-1 weekend a month). Anyway I love my job at Coke. After operating various equipment in the Army, I too enjoy driving big trucks, but as you stated the down side of being a over the road trucker is being away from home.
So I would recommend that you might consider looking for a job as a local delivery driver/vendor (softdrinks, beer, bread, milk, groceries, etc..). My job allows me to work a normal daytime hours/shift & stay within a few local counties-not far from home and more importantly, get to go home every night.
Other positives are that, you don't have to go out a buy/lease a rig. You don't have to pay for your own fuel & maintenance for your rig. You don't have to worry about finding loads to haul. But you do still get to drive around in a semi everyday doing a job you enjoy, without a boss looking over your shoulder all day.
Anyway, thats maybe just "some food for thought". Good luck with whatever you decide.
"If you kill enough of them, they stop fighting." [General Curtis Lemay]
"Life is like a monkey. Sometimes it throws sh*t at you when you least expect it. All you can really do is, be on the look for it and hope it has bad aim."
MCB Feedback
|#12 (permalink)
Mr. Angel Pump
Being a over the road trucker is not even a job in my opinion. It is more like a way of life. Everyday life will change. Being on the road 6-7 weeks straight will put a strain and burn out any man. It is a huge commitment. I guess the only thing to do is try it out and see how it fits with your life.They are going to make you sign a contract and most of the time it means they own you for a few years, especially companies like Prime that make you lease or buy the trucks through them. I know a lot of owner operators and after all the expenses you will have, the money looks good on paper ,but what you actually get is another story. Maybe go to some truck stops and see if you can track down some Prime drivers and see what they think.
COBRA G7,Blazer,2000 LCD Angel Pump,2k1 Dark Angel,DM4,Eblade,Grey Ghost,PGP,2006 Grey Ghost,BLong Cocker,Cobra Mamba FLY,Euro Angel,2k1 Cobra SS LCD,Rev-i.
|#13 (permalink)
MCB Member
Join Date: Apr 2006
I will have the wife with me so being gone will not be a big deal.
I have all my endorsements except for Haz-mat.
After driving school bus I am well familiar with Air brakes and how to pre-flight them.
I have been driving equipment with air brakes for over 30 yrs.
This is not something I step lightly into and have researched it a lot.
I am just looking for feedback from others.
I have a retirement already and would be almost willing to drive for peanuts.
I have wanted to drive since i retired but the timing has never been right and after getting hurt and almost losing a foot at my current job it is now time for a change.
A veteran is someone who, at one point in his life wrote a blank check Made payable to 'The United States of America ' for an amount of 'up to and including my life.' That is Honor, and there are way too many people in This country who no longer understand it.'
Bottom line is we never were angels...didn't try to
be. We were not related by blood, but we were brothers nevertheless...not in some sort of Hollywood way, but in a real life "no ****" kinda way.
William Walter AC-130 Gunner 2011
|#14 (permalink)
Post Whore
Sounds like Prime has a decent deal for an O/O as the big thing is always permits, fuel and taxes. If teams are clearing $950 after expenses with fuel priced as it is that's not bad. Sounds like you are going it it for the experience notmthe paycheck and you may find if you let dispatch know they might take care of you on the scenic routes and give the high dollar/high stress routes to the hustlers.
MCB feedback
XIII Legionnaires
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Musical Theatre – Dance (College)
Elizabeth Parkinson is currently Artistic Director of FineLine Theatre Arts, in New Milford, Connecticut, and Vineyard Arts Project Musical Theatre Lab. Her duties include developing curriculum, hiring faculty, teaching, mentoring, and administrating. Elizabeth is an adjunct professor at Western Connecticut State University, where she helped develop the curriculum for the musical theatre Bachelor of Arts degree program. Her teaching credits include the West Coast Dance Explosion, North Carolina School of the Arts, and Joffrey Ballet Summer Intensives.
Elizabeth's Broadway and national tour credits include the original Broadway cast of Movin' Out (Tony nomination for Best Actress in a Musical, Astaire Award for Best Female Dancer on Broadway), Fosse (Outer Critics Circle nomination for Best Featured Actress, FANY Award for Best Broadway Debut), Andrew Lippa's The Wild Party (pre-Broadway workshop), the Lincoln Center production of Carousel (national tour), Singin' in the Rain (Girl in the Green Dress, St. Louis Muny), Donald Byrd's The Harlem Nutcracker (Sugar Rum Cherry), and Billboards, a full-length ballet to the music of Prince. She has appeared in the films Every Little Step, Romance and Cigarettes, and Stay.
Elizabeth studied in-depth Fosse repertory and style with Gwen Verdon and Ann Reinking. Most recently she appeared opposite Bernadette Peters in the City Center/Lincoln Center Jazz production of A Bed and A Chair, directed by John Doyle. Elizabeth's concert dance credits are extensive, including the Joffrey Ballet, Feld Ballets/NY, Donald Byrd/The Group, and Twyla Tharp and Dancers. Elizabeth and her husband, Broadway performer Scott Wise, live in Sherman, Connecticut with their son James.


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This man, Franciszek Gajowniczek, died in 1995.
54 years earlier he was an inmate at Auschwitz who thought he would never see his family again. Sadly, he never saw his sons again, but he was reunited with his wife.
Because this man, Maximilian Kolbe, took his place in a Nazi starvation chamber. An action undertaken because he learned his definition of love…
St. Maximilian Kolbe is one of my favorite Christians in recent history, and today we remember him since it was this day, in 1941, that a Nazi doctor ended his week-long stay in that starvation chamber with a lethal injection.
I would also be remiss to not give a shout out to a brother from another mother (church), Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who was also killed by the Nazis and whose quote below captures Maximilian's act of love and obedience.


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Self-Watering Trough / Pot £3.99 @ Aldi
Aldi have got self watering plant troughs and pots instore from tomorrow priced at £3.99 each, you can choose between terracotta and green.
Product Information :-
A water reservoir allows plants to stay watered for longer reducing the amount of watering required. Choose from: Green or Terracotta.
27 litre capacity
Size: 70 x 20 x 18cm
16 litre capacity
Size: 40 x 40 x 33cm
^Plants not included.


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Kitchen Design: News from KBIS 2014
By Sue LeVee, Kitchen Designer
When we are planning a project, we always think of the obvious elements – the flooring, the cabinetry, the wall color, even the fabrics. What about lighting? We tend to think of lighting as a functional item; we plan for lighting the way we plan for electrical outlets. Sure we need task lighting, (count up the cans for the ceiling), but let's think a little bigger…
2014 National Kitchen & Bath Association
Design Trends Survey
forecasts kitchens with simple lines, good storage and special places for electronics and pets.
Consumers will be cleaning up their kitchens in 2014, at least from a design standpoint, according to research released today at the 2014 Kitchen and Bath Industry Show (KBIS) by the National Kitchen & Bath Association (NKBA).
"While transitional styles are still number one, we see kitchen design trending more contemporary this year, with clean, simple lines; less clutter, and little ornamentation," said John Petrie, CMKBD, of Mother Hubbard's Custom Cabinetry in Mechanicsburg, Pa., and 2014 NKBA President.
Read the article
Posted by Sue LeVee
All Rights Reserved


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- Tigrrlily04
- 6 years ago
- Wedding: June 2012
I'm deciding whether I should do my flowers myself or have a florist do them. I'd save about $600 if I do them myself. Technically, I have the budget to do them, but I can't imagine spending so much money on flowers! Plus I think it would be fun to do them 🙂 My wedding is outdoors and casual/rustic, so I wanted to go with a wildflower-y type feel. A more loose, unstructured look. I think that makes it a lot easier than trying to make the perfect round bouquet! So, for the brides who have done it yourself, if you had the budget, would you have gotten a florist or still done it yourself? How stressful was it the day or two before the wedding? Any other insights? Thanks!


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By Paul Anderson PhD Candidate in Politics and International Relations
In February of this year I wrote a post for this very blog asking the question: Would a vote to leave the EU constitute a threat to the future of the Union? The results are in, and well, as I very much predicted, England and Wales have voted to leave the EU; Scotland and Northern Ireland have voted to remain. The constitutional edifice of the UK is well and truly cracking.
From all four nations in the UK, Scotland has shown most enthusiasm for the 'remain' side, with all 32 council areas, that's 62% of the Scottish electorate voting to remain. Northern Ireland comes second with nearly 56% of the population voting to remain, markedly in front of both England and Wales where 53.4% in the former and 52.5% in the latter voted in favour of leaving the EU.
The Scottish first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, has not only been vociferous in her opinion regarding Brexit, but consistently challenged David Cameron to ensure that a majority vote in all four nations would be required for Britain's secession from the EU to take effect. Mr Cameron, of course, refused to entertain the idea, but I imagine at some point today the idea of 'double majorities' will cross his mind. Alas, too little too late.
Source Scottish Government
The SNP has made its position very clear on a second independence referendum (Indyref2), arguing that a significant 'material change' would have to ensue for the option to be considered. Brexit was, of course, touted as such a 'material change' and with all Scottish council areas voting to remain in the EU, independence is back on the cards. The constitutional quagmire in Scotland becomes even more convoluted when one considers the arguments put forward in 2014 for Scotland to remain part of the UK: a NO vote for independence, it was argued, was a vote to remain in the EU. And yet, for many Scottish voters this morning, Scotland is, in the words of Sturgeon, being 'dragged out of the EU against its will'. This is, argued the first minister, 'democratically unacceptable'.
While it is fair to say independence is on the cards, the road ahead is long. Nicola Sturgeon has already announced that an Indyref2 is 'highly likely' . The momentum, it seems, may be in the SNP's favour, and despite Sturgeon's reputation as a cautious politician, if the opinion polls show an increase in support for Scottish independence, it may well be that the UK is broken up much sooner than thought. The nationalist juggernaut continues to dominate.
If constitutional politics looks set to become more complicated in Scotland, the UK's relationship with Northern Ireland just got a whole lot messier. The erection of a hard border and passport checks between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland seems a reasonable event, yet one that will indisputably overshadow the hugely successful peace process instituted in 1999. Sinn Fein have already called for a border poll on (re-)unification with Ireland, paving the way for more uncertainty, not only in constitutional terms, but in relation to the economy and markets, and the ever-important social union with the UK. For decades, politics in Northern Ireland has been marred by violence, yet despite the success of the peace process, the settlement remains as delicate as ever. A nightmare scenario of a return to the troubles cannot be easily dismissed, particularly when the EU is recognised as a crucial component in facilitating peace. Opinion in Northern Ireland, notwithstanding the majority vote for remain, is divided, with seven regions voting 'leave' and the remaining eleven voting to remain. The immediate reactions from party representatives on both sides of the divide suggest a prolonged period of political sparring lies ahead, yet one only hopes that democratic debate and discussions, rather than violence, prevail.
The electorate of the UK has spoken. Yet, while 52% of the electorate has voted to leave the EU, the diverse results across the UK are a cause for concern. David Cameron has already tendered his resignation, deciding to step down in October to pave the way for a new Tory, and no doubt Eurosceptic, prime minister. His position in the history books of British politics is secure, yet being remembered as the premier who instigated the UK's secession from the EU (and quite possibly the dissolution of the UK), is an accolade Cameron will not want to promote. Constitutional issues will continue to dominate relations between Scotland and the UK, and Scottish independence may well be the final destination in the nation's constitutional journey. Only time will tell.


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I'm not long back into my room from the Downes Oratory Prize. Each year, a prize is offered to one person in each year group on the basis of public speaking on a topic of spiritual and moral interest. Last year, the format was a preaching competition - ten minutes to prepare a sermon from a text chosen from a selection suggested by the panel, then eight minutes to preach the message.
This year, the Downes Prize took the form of a Debate. Or rather, three debates. Our year was the least represented, with just Stephen and myself volunteering. And so it came to pass that I was debating for, and Stephen against: 'This house believes that the McDonaldisation of the world is destroying God's creation.'
Interestingly, I carried the motion, but Stephen carried the prize! But he was indeed masterful, with an angle on the debate that I could not have anticipated, and was unable to attack! So well done Stephen on your Downes triumph - it'll be something to put in your entry in the Church of Ireland Directory in years to come!


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|Reviews for PS
| hedwig-hoots chapter 11 . 3/1/2012
The chapter was wayy too short! Update soon! Can't wait to read what happens nxt!
| GoddessonmyKnees chapter 11 . 3/1/2012
Why isn't he writing. Oh, I feel so bad for them.
| AlmondWithUnicornHair chapter 11 . 3/1/2012
Hee hee. Sev is in love. Will we ever find out why Harry didn't show up? Why hasn't Harry written another letter?
| sad chapter 11 . 3/1/2012
too short, just like my review
| igot thegiftreal fanfic name chapter 1 . 3/1/2012
i love the story and please write sweet kisses! I want more!
| AmieSombre chapter 10 . 2/29/2012
Please update soon! :0
| Reaping-Vampire chapter 10 . 2/23/2012
did he get attacked? omg where is he? and when is sev gonna find out? i want them to hump! XD
| jules chapter 10 . 2/22/2012
hi, let me start out by saying that I am enjoying this story. I don't mind OC's but so often when they are loud and obnoxious, it's the author putting themselves in the story. I certainly don't know if that's the case,but hope she isn't too annoying. Even if Snape is completely different at home, he obviously has a persona he keeps up at school and she would know that, sooo by what stretch of the imagination would it be OK for her to barge right into the middle of a class when it was the last of the day and couldn't have killed a bit of time elsewhere? I'm kind of ranting here, but really no intention to flame. I think it's cool he has a daughter out there and it's a good challenge to their relationship to overcome. I also think it's funny that he doesn't approve of her possible spouse choice, even when he doesn't know who it is. That's very Snape. Love LOVE them cuddling together in the clearing and can't wait to see them together again, even if it's to argue a bit. More soon I hope. Jules
| Deby Magid chapter 10 . 2/22/2012
come on harry would not just dumb severus like this. what happen?
| joytiger chapter 10 . 2/22/2012
I love it! It's great! Poor Severus. Hope he doesn't loose hope. Can't wait for more. :)
| AlmondWithUnicornHair chapter 10 . 2/21/2012
Heh! I love his daughter's personality. Great chapter.
| DepressionInTheFlesh chapter 10 . 2/21/2012
| Bloodred 321 chapter 10 . 2/21/2012
Please tell me harry stood him up because of his daughter. Update soon I need to know what happens next.
| GoddessonmyKnees chapter 10 . 2/21/2012
Maybe he figured Snape wouldn't be able to come with is daughter in town, or more likely, he passed out from lack of sleep.
Great chapter, keep 'em coming.
| Hedwig-hoots chapter 10 . 2/21/2012
Oh no! I hope harry hasnt been scared off by the daughter rumour! He'll break poor Sevs heart!
Update soon please!


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#DemocraticFront #TheGovernment #TheParliament
Leaders of the Democratic Front Andrija Mandic and Milan Knezevic, said that the arrest would not scare them, stating it was good that the opposition had finally united.
The two of them, together with DF MPs, entered the Parliament hall after the Assembly abolished them the MP immunity where, as announced, they will wait for the arrest.
"We will wait for further developments in our Parliament offices", The Front announced.
After voting, the Front officials insulted the ruling coalition MPs while they were leaving the plenary hall.
Before the voting, several hundred citizens gathered in front of the Parliament building but they left after the voting.
Mandic thanked them for their support.
"Everything that is going on – a violation of the Constitution and parliamentary procedures, has been designed somewhere and it has been requested by Djukanovic. No one stopped him to act as the Government and the Prosecution wants to act now. But now that he hid somewhere in Dubai, he wants to intimidate citizens. I want you to know, that he can't do anything to us. He can't intimidated and humiliate us. "Mandic said.
He thanked his colleagues from the opposition.
"We found common ground in opposition. We need to make a new start and a new fortress which he regime can't penetrate. The biggest strength is the unity of the opposition and the Front will commit to it even more."
Source: Radio Television Montenegro


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Area rugs certainly are a stunning inclusion to almost any residence, but as with any other floor object they obtain filth, mud, and find the casual spill. Cleaning you rug often will get rid of most of the loose dirt and dust from your own wool area rug. The process will certainly lengthen its effective physical appearance and also the overall life of your own carpet. Don't use powder cleaners on the rug when vacuuming given that they can cause the fibers to clump collectively and ultimately harm the rug. For a few mats you could be able to improve the beater bar on the vacuum for easy cleansing. If this is not attainable, you should use the attachment to ensure that your vacuum won't hurt the rug.
Vacuum Tips by San Diego Carpet Cleaning
When vacuuming the rug, there are certain issues you would like to test to guarantee wool area rug cleaning up is being done efficiently. Determine if the beater bar is definitely rotating whenever on the rug and is not becoming bogged down due to too much contact. It should smoothly shake but not cause the motor to slow or perhaps add strain on both the rug or vacuum. Be sure that the bag is sensibly clean or perhaps change it out every time you are cleaning. Vacuuming will probably eradicate most of the filth from your rug, but not all. Once in awhile you simply must include your wool area rug cleaning accomplished by a rug cleaning service. This will guarantee virtually any dirt which has been gathered deep within the fibers will be removed and not cut or damage them during use.
There are many methods for expert San Diego rug cleaning and each might or might not suit your rug. Dry cleaning is a technique that utilizes dry foam or any other chemical substance in which pulls the dirt from the rug. Right after the appropriate time has handed down, the soil and chemical are vacuumed from the rug. Steam cleaning should always be completed by an expert rug cleaning service. Rental cleaners put on too much solution and h2o to the rug and infrequently conduct far more damage to it. The actual deposits is often left on the rug making it to get far more dust and can be responsible for unwanted wear. Steam cleaning requires specific hardware built to remove almost all residues and be mild on the rug. A specialist will likewise have comprehension on what cleaning solution to employ and how much.
Tips from rug cleaners San Diego
Oxy cleaners and also dry powders mustn't be employed for wool rugs. Dry powders are often very hard to clear away and lead to pilling. Pilling happens when the fibers get loose and start to ball up. Oxy cleaners will surely have the same effects and should hurt the colouring of the rug itself. Wool rugs really should not exposed to excessive heat or agitation. Solely neutral detergents work for cleaning and keep household cleaning products away completely. Household cleaners are able to do critical damage to wool and definitely will turn out costing you extra money intended for mending it. It will always be better to have your area rug cleaning made by a professional and to seek advice from them when you really need details about keeping your rug clean or when it has to be restored.
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Wool Area Rug Cleanup Tips
Posted by Jeffrey Vasquez at 12:24 PM
Labels: abode, area rugs, carpets, clump, doable, fibers, flooring, inclusion, lifetime, loose dirt, mud, physical appearance, powder cleaners, ru, rug carpet, spill, vacuum, visual appeal, wool area rug
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But things never stay quiet for long in Goose Creek. The inner-county softball game is coming up, and Millie volunteers Al as team manager. But the softball team is a disaster. If they're not going to embarrass themselves in front of the whole of Franklin County, Al needs Justin to play. But Justin lives just outside the city limits, and the rules say that players must live in town.
As if that weren't enough to keep the town gossips busy, a massage therapist has come to town and opened up shop. Imagine--a massage parlor!--in Goose Creek! No decent Creeker will stand for it.
It's up to Al and Millie--again--to save the day.
Renovating the Richardsons by Smith, Virginia was published by Harvest House Publishers in February 2016 and is our 57314th best seller. The ISBN for Renovating the Richardsons is 9780736964791.
|Author / Artist
|Smith, Virginia
|Harvest House Publishers (February 2016)
|18 mm
|201 mm
|132 mm
|Product Code
|Page last updated
|31st January 2018


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Have a delightful side dish of sauteed zucchini and squash ready and on your dinner table in under 20 minutes. This easy and healthy zucchini squash recipe is gluten-free, dairy free, vegan, vegetarian, whole 30, and Paleo! | Whipping Up Sauteed Zucchini and Squash A little over a year ago I had ACL surgery after…
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Easy Skillet Bruschetta Chicken and Asparagus | Whole 30
30 mins 248 cals 4 servs
Healthy, low-carb, and Whole 30-approved Bruschetta Chicken and Asparagus is made in one skillet and tastes incredible! In under 30 minutes you will have a restaurant-quality dinner ready and on your table with minimal effort and clean-up. | Bruschetta Chicken Recipe with Cousins My husband and I are so blessed to have all of our…
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This easy Mexican rice recipe is one of the most flavorful and simplest to make Instant Pot rice recipes. It is a delicious gluten-free, dairy-free, and soy-free side dish recipe that tastes great alongside chicken fajitas or tacos. | Absolutely in LOVE with Instant Pot Rice When I got my Instant Pot Duo 6-quart this…
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Ultra filling, super nutritious, cream of asparagus soup is made vegan by using coconut milk instead of heavy cream. This healthy soup recipe can be served warm or chilled so you can enjoy your gluten-free and dairy-free cream of asparagus soup year-round! | Eating Gargantuan Asparagus in Season Has anyone else noticed how ENORMOUS vegetables…
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Chicken Cobb Chopped Kale Salad
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text: Crushed Celluloid Episode 6: City of Angels This week on the podcast, Cole and Marcus discuss the much loved and quickly forgotten 1998 film City of Angels. We talk about Meg Ryan and Nicolas Cage sharing the creepiest one sided romance this side of Sharky's Machine and how the Goo Goo Dolls captured the hearts of a generation with their song Iris. July 10th, 2014 Read more about Crushed Celluloid Episode 6: City of AngelsLog in or register to post commentsComments


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Gloria Gaynor was born Gloria Fowles on September 7, 1949 in Newark, New Jersey. Known for her hits; "I Will Survive", "Never Can Say Goodbye", "Let Me Know" and "I Am What I Am". She started singing with the Soul Satisfiers, a jazz/pop band, in the 60s. She launched her first solo single, "She'll Be Sorry/Let Me Go Baby" in 1965.
Her first real success came in 1975 with the release of her album Never Can Say Goodbye, which established her as a disco artist. Capitalizing on the success of her first album, Gloria Gaynor quickly released her second album, Experience Gloria Gaynor, later that same year. While this album was also successful, it was not quite as popular as her previous album in the mainstream.
In 2001, she sung "I Will Survive" in the 30th Anniversary Concert for Michael Jackson.
How do you best remember Gloria?
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False Claims Act & Proposed Amendments: An Update
Purchase this digital coursebook for: $49.00 Add to Cart
Table of Contents
April 2006 to September 30, 2008:FALSE CLAIMS ACT JUDICIAL REVIEW: Notable Decisions from the Past Two Years (118 pp)
By Joseph (Jeb) E.B. White, Esquire
IMPACT OF ALLISON ENGINE: June 9, 2008: Unanimous Opinion by the Supreme Court in Allison Engine Vacates Sixth Circuit's Expansion of FCA Liability: A Memo (4 pp)
By John Theodore Boese, Esquire
IMPACT OF ALLISON ENGINE: Summer/Autumn 2008: Recent Cases Interpreting and Applying the Substantive Requirements in Allison Engine: A Memo (4 pp)
By John Theodore Boese, Esquire
IMPACT OF ALLISON ENGINE: July 16, 2008: U.S. ex rel. Denise Romano v. NYPH Opinion and Order (4 pp)
IMPACT OF ALLISON ENGINE: June 27, 2008: U.S. v. Russell T. Hawley & Hawley Insurance, Inc. -- Memorandum Opinion & Order Entering Summary Judgment (12 pp)
FALSITY: September 5, 2006:U.S., ex rel. Hendow v. University of Phoenix U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit (12 pp)
FALSITY: December 19, 2001: Mikes v. Strauss U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (12 pp)
MATERIALITY: July 14, 2008: U.S. v. Bourseau, et al. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Opinion (28 pp)
MATERIALITY: March 5, 2008: U.S., ex rel, Marcy v. Rowan Companies U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Opinion (12 pp)
INTENT: July 9, 2008: DC Circuit, Applying Supreme Court's Decision in Safeco to False Claims Act, Finds Lack of 'Reckless Disregard' in FCA Allegations Based on Ambiguous Government Requirements A Memo (4 pp)
By John Theodore Boese, Esquire
INTENT: June 4, 2007: Safeco Insurance Co. v. Burr U.S. Supreme Court Opinion (30 pp)
INTENT: July 8, 2008 U.S. ex rel.K & R v. Mass Housing Finance Agency--Opinion (6 pp)
INTENT: March 25, 2008: U.S. ex rel. Farmer v. City of Houston U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Opinion (24 pp)
CORPORATE LIABILITY: August 13, 2008: U.S. ex rel. Baker v. Rehabilitation Specialists USDC for the ED of Michigan –Opinion (8 pp)
CORPORATE LIABILITY: March 31, 2008: U.S. v. Dynamics Research U.S. D.C. for Massachusetts Memo & Order Re: Summary Judgment Motion (54 pp)
RELEASES: Summaries of Key Decisions Addressing Enforceability of General Release to Bar FCA Qui Tam Action (14 pp)
By Shelley R. Slade
DAMAGES: September 29, 2008: U.S. Statement of Interest on the Issue of Damages U.S. ex rel. Loughren v. Unumprovident & Genex (12 pp)
PUBLIC DISCLOSURE: October 8, 2008: Washington Legal Foundation Amicus Brief in Wilson II: On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (32 pp)
TITLE TO FUNDS: June 25, 2008: U.S. v. Custer Battles (50 pp)
November 10, 2008: U.S. Dept. of Justice Press Release: More Than One Billion Recovered in Fraud & False Claims (10 pp)
September 30, 2008: U.S. Dept. of Justice Statistics (8 pp)
June 19, 2008: Testimony of Shelley R. Slade, Vogel, Slade & Goldstein, LLP Hearing on H.R. 4854 The "False Claims Act Correction Act of 2007" House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property and Commercial & Administrative Law (32 pp)
The False Claims Act: Sections 3729 – 3733 (16 pp)
S. 2041 April 2008 (22 pp)
H.R. 4854 December 2007 (26 pp)


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When asking seasoned miners about this year's so-called gold rush in Northern California, it can be a challenge to obtain trustworthy information.
"People who are smart don't advertise what they've found," said Bob Van Camp, better known as "Digger Bob." "If you're finding nuggets in an area, you don't tell anyone about it; I've made that mistake before."
After all, if you're a professional miner looking to make your fortune, it's the nuggets you're after. Flakes and dust are milquetoast – and altogether worthless – compared to heavy chunks of the shiny yellow stuff.
Northern California was pelted with record rainfall this winter, and miners predicted that once all the water washed away, gold would be left in its wake. It appears that their predictions are panning out.
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I am sometimes blind to that which is so obvious. I am sure I am not the only one. We all have strange perceptions of ourselves, our families, and our lives. Sometimes, things are so ingrained into our lives, that we make silly assumptions until something magnificent happens, and the real truth reveals itself to us.
My closest friends have known all along. Everyone assumed I knew what was clearly only inches from my face. It would be as silly as finally noticing the colour of my hair and eyes. You'd think I'd know from looking in the mirror for so many years. Yet, there it is leaving a welt on my forehead as I come to the realization that I've been blind all these years.
Now what? Perhaps with this information, I can finally begin to bridge between the generations as I begin to understand the degree to which some actions are conscious and controllable while others are less so.
Another bonus is that I've also realized my own ability to cope given my genetic tendencies has allowed me to pat myself on the back and remind myself of just how difficult an uphill battle this can be, and how far I've already come. Yay me.
[My not-so-perfect-inside-voice-says: I need to write something far more uplifting]
– Daisy, who wishes she got hit sooner