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The playoffs are finally here and the teams competing are carefully preparing their game plans. Only, the best game plan might fail without some individual brilliance. Lets have a look at which players will make the difference in the West?
San Antonio Spurs (1) vs Utah Jazz (8)Manu Ginobili - When fit and firing Ginobili is one of the best scorers in the league. San Antonio have been able to rest him towards the end of the year so he should be in great condition leading into the playoffs. This spells danger for Utah in this first round match-up. Gordon Hayward - Hayward has been in career best form this year and if he can hit his open shots in this series it will make life a lot tougher for the favoured Spurs.
Oklahoma City Thunder (2) vs Dallas Mavericks (7)James Harden - Famously on the receiving end of an erratic Metta World Peace elbow, the way he recovers could make all the difference for the young OKC. Favoured for the sixth man of the year award this year, Harden has taken his game to another level. Compliments the games of Durant and Westbrook perfectly. Delonte West - A supremely talented individual who can win a game for Dallas if he is playing at his best. The biggest question mark will be whether he can stay out of trouble long enough to make a difference.
Los Angeles Lakers (3) vs Denver Nuggets (6)Pau Gasol - Almost traded away by the Lakers early on in the season, Gasol has a point to prove. Hasn't had his greatest season since joining the Lakers but when on his game can compliment Kobe's game perfectly. Has the talent to make a big impact on this series. Danilo Gallinari - The Nuggets have enormous depth, but Gallinari has the ability to score heavily when it is needed. If he hits a couple of clutch three's throughout the series the Nuggets could be a chance to pull of an upset.
Memphis Grizzlies (4) vs Los Angeles Clippers (5)Zach Randolph - An absolute beast down low, who can dominate any defence on his day. Played exceptionally well in the playoffs last year and looks like he is ready to do it again. If he plays his best Memphis could make a deep playoff run. Randy Foye - Has been in great form late in the year, hitting multiple three pointers in most games. With Chris Paul passing him the ball, he should have enough open looks to impact this series.
The Western Conference first round match-ups look a lot closer then in the East. One play could mean the difference between winning or loosing the series. But who will it be that makes that play?


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Tammy's 50 Before 50: Raquel Wants to Make Cheese
Wednesday, January 18th
Wednesday, January 18th
Transcript - Not for consumer use. Robot overlords only. Will not be accurate.
Rochelle I understand you got another fifty before fifty challenge or invitation what have you for our Tammy here. And Greenspan I dear Lou I am or both are gone then. And a diehard Green Day packer fans nanny packer fans come on yes they our our line you know we welcome it that's good luck and I'll never leave our city OK I'm glad you. You're spending McKinney because I so enjoy keeping up with all of our activities. And I thought being from Wisconsin then maybe we can find how to make she is clapping or Diego and good to get. All right now now wait back in the day I work in the cheese factory but I never actually made she is guy. I ground cheese that end up turning and. To the powdered cheese that went under it just treat us she has what ever they can do that for 12 that's a great idea and if I'm not mistaken doesn't show Brad not a rich she's hurt yourself. Unruly you don't want on the kind of up to double check them which kind of cheese and our engineer here JR he may cheese afford to eat that cheese maker at home. Omega they would not have that. That about JR yeah I was house you wanna know. I think she's heard as a nickname yeah massive. Anyone that they have fun playing out I'm pretty sure pretty I'm pretty sure that shaft bracket teachers how to make she's up on little things that live on the air yeah. I think I can get behind. And Michelle Michelle. You're totally in my would you would you come in the studio and to live on the air. I 100% what we could be like Laverne and Shirley. It shocked and I really unable to recreate that opening scene for us OK I have to practice and Ronald Reagan with big round done. Here's the deal if you come in studio John can not harass you for being a Packers I am playing please don't think I think for this Sunday they'll pack in the we can make you put it can mean I'm isn't going to be fine nick this is gonna be a lot of Fun League this works all right so looking articulate. All right Michelle thanks for thinking damn. Is this an old cheesy here buying into pencil and we may push up ravaged easier place year old west village she's. I remember I used remember it was with the weird it's called a cheese cloth. Yeah I was with some odd to me like what is that he's caught he's gonna. Yeah. It is Q that he had a busy after it. Hello I'm not I don't know I. Our analysts who have made this works sixteen days from now Tammy turns fifty. February 3 should you wanna get a card in the mail before and I know I won't let them. If I don't mean it's very sixteen days nearly fifty years old while it was not possible.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ilankai Tamil Sangam
Association of Tamils of Sri Lanka in the USA
Revisiting Two Masterpieces of the Mahatma
by Sachi Sri Kantha
October 2nd marked the 136th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. As homage to the Great Soul, on this day I spent a few hours with his two literary masterpieces; namely his autobiography entitled The Story of My Experiments with Truth (1927), and his political manifesto Hind Swaraj [The Hindu Self Government, 1909].
I had a reason. My previous essay entitled Democracy Dance in Diapers touched a vein from my readers and I received more than a quantum of e-mails for this piece. In that essay, I presented Bernard Shaws expose on democracy. Thus, I wanted to re-check what Mahatma, who is closer to our hearts and roots than Bernard Shaw, had to say on democracy. Here is my report.
Democracy in Gandhis Autobiography
I will first report the result. The word democracy or its variant democrat does not appear even once in Gandhis autobiography. Strange, but true. But in one chapter, he mentions humorously about the dancing lessons he took (while in Britain as a student in his twenties). One could even postulate that this discussion can be taken as Gandhis metaphorical prick on the alien concept of democracy to his Indian society.
First, I will provide some background information about Gandhis book. This may be helpful to comprehend, why Gandhi insulted democracy as an alien concept.
I have two different editions of Gandhis autobiography on my bookshelf. One is the Navajivan Publishing Houses Indian edition (2nd edition, 1959 reprint), of 392 pages. The second one is the American Dover Publications edition (1983), of 468 pages. I have reason to mention this, since the front pages of these two editions vary in minor details.
The American Dover Publication edition mentions as follows: "This was an unabridged republication of the edition, published by Public Affairs Press, Washington DC, 1948, under the title, Gandhis Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth." But it specifically omits the copyright information. Here is reverse copyright piracy by the American publishing industry of a famous book. In addition, the 'Introduction' by Gandhi, which carried the date "26th November 1925" [70 years ago, this year] of the original Indian edition had been subtly omitted. For what reason, I cannot fathom now.
In addition, the important preface by Mahadev Desai (the translator of the work, from Gujarathi original to English) has also been omitted in the American Dover Publications edition. I believe that this preface by Mahadev Desai is also essential to understanding Gandhis view on democracy.
Mahadev Desais Preface to the Second Edition (1940)
Mahadev Desai (1892-1942) was the translator of Gandhis autobiography. The original title of the autobiography in Gujarathi was, Satyanaa Prayogo athavaa Aatmakatha. In Desai's preface he wrote as follows:
"The first edition of Gandhijis Autobiography was published in two volumes, vol.I in 1927 and vol.II in 1929. The original in Gujarati which was priced at Re.1/- has run through five editions, nearly 50,000 copies have been sold. The price of the English translation (only issued in library edition) was prohibitive for the Indian reader, and a cheap edition has long been needed. It is now being issued in one volume. The translation, as it appeared serially in Young India, had, it may be noted, the benefit of Gandhijis revision. It has now undergone careful revision, and from the point of view of language, it has had the benefit of careful revision by a revered friend, who, among many other things, has the reputation of being an eminent English scholar. Before understanding the task, he made it a condition that his name should on no account be given out. I accept the condition. It is needless to say heightens my sense of gratitude to him. Chapters XXIX-XLIII of Part V were translated by my friend and colleague Pyarelal during my absence in Bardoli at the time of the Bardoli Agrarian Inquiry by the Broomfield Committee in 1928-29."
The most vital sentence in this preface by Mahadev Desai written for the second edition of 1940, is "The translation, as it appeared serially in Young India, had, it may be noted, the benefit of Gandhijis revision." The first two sentences of the Introduction to the Autobiography, written by Mahatma on 26th November 1925, mention as follows:
"Four or five years ago, at the instance of some of my nearest co-workers, I agreed to write my autobiography. I made the start, but scarcely had I turned over the first sheet when riots broke out in Bombay and the work remained at a standstill."
Numerical details on Mahatmas Autobiography
Now let us study the dates and numbers. Mahatmas autobiography closes with the events of year 1921. At that time, Gandhi was 52 years old. Gandhi began to write his life story in 1925, and it appeared first in 1927 and 1929.
The book consists of five parts, each consisting of quite a number of short chapters. Part 1 25 chapters; Part 2 29 chapters; Part 3 23 chapters; Part 4 47 chapters and Part 5 43 chapters. Altogether, five parts contained 167 chapters. When he began to write his life story, Gandhi had reached 56 years. And that he did not write a single sentence on democracy tells something about Gandhis disbelief on the prevailing democratic practices.
Then, the 2nd edition of the book appeared in 1940, and Mahadev Desai has observed that the English translation had the benefit of Gandhijis revision. By 1940, Gandhi had reached 71 years. Even in such a revision, that Gandhi did not make any amends [in his autobiography] to correct his disbelief on the prevailing democratic practices is something of note.
This does not mean that Gandhi refrained completely from mentioning democracy in his writings. In the 1930s, occasionally he had expressed his opinions on democracy, most probably as responses to questions from reporters and acquaintances. These opinions deserve a separate essay. My point here is that in his own autobiography [the most intimate published document of his thoughts and deeds consisting of 167 chapters], Gandhi did not bother to mention anything of worth about democracy.
The Navajivan Publishing House edition carries also the details on the print run of the books English translation. 1927 First edition 6,000 copies; 1940 Second edition 5,000 copies; 1945 reprint 10,000 copies; 1948 reprint 15,000 copies; 1956 reprint 10,000 copies; 1958 reprint 29,000 copies; 1959 reprint 45, 000 copies. It seems that the print run exceeded 10,000 copies only after Gandhis assassination in 1948.
Gandhis Dancing Lessons
Chapter 15 of Part 1 of the autobiography was entitled, Playing the English Gentleman. In this chapter, Gandhi has humorously described his adventures in Britain, at the age of 25, to become an English gentleman. I may not be wrong to think that this was a metaphorical allusion on the folly of blind adoption of democratic practices. Gandhi was a skilled exponent on such word play, as noted by psychoanalyst Erik Erikson (1901-1994), in his Pulitzer Prize winning study Gandhis Truth (1969). Excerpts from Gandhis original description on his dancing lessons are as follows:
Gandhis specific mention of trying to learn elocution from William Pitts speech offers a clue. William Pitt the younger (1759-1806) became the youngest British prime minister in 1783, after American Independence, and held the post during the French and Napoleonic Wars. Pitt has been elevated as a statesman in the 19th century since he helped to strengthen the office of the prime minister from the tantrums of King George III.
More proof for Gandhis derision on democracy follows further below in the notes on Gandhis political manifesto Hind Swaraj (1909).
That Gandhi could describe quite a number of his down-to-earth personal experiences (including dancing, food habits, prostitution, sexual abstinence, sleep and dream, vegetarianism) and serious political and social issues of his times in his autobiography, but not mention a sentence on democracy in 167 chapters shows something about his lack of faith on democratic practices.
Democracy in Gandhis political manifesto Hind Swaraj (1909)
For Gandhis stinging criticism on the democratic practices of parliament, we should read his political manifesto, penned when he was 40. In the preface, carrying the dateline 22 November 1909, Gandhi asserted his viewpoint as follows:
Gandhi concluded his preface with the comments,
Gandhi exposed the hypocrisy of parliamentary democracy prevailing in Britain in 1909. Now 96 years later, the democratic situation all over the world has not changed in substance, though colorful styles are projected as worthy of imitation. Parliaments all over the world, led by the likes of Tony Blair (UK), Manmohan Singh (India), Paul Martin (Canada), John Howard (Australia), Junichiro Koizumi (Japan), Lee Hsien Loong (Singapore) and Mahinda Rajapakse (Sri Lanka), attest to the truth of Gandhis derision. Here follows the 739 words of stinging indictment of parliamentary democracy by Gandhi. [source: The Penguin Gandhi Reader, edited by Rudrangshu Mukherjee, Penguin Books, India, 1993, pp.13-15]
Chapter V: The Condition of England
And, it is a delight to read Gandhis analogy of parliament as a baby, and his biting sarcasm, "If it has remained a baby after an existence of seven hundred years, when will it outgrow its babyhood?" Does not the connection that I made about democracy as a 'set of diapers' in my previous essay [Democracy Dance in Diapers] chime well with Gandhis 1909 rebuff of parliament as a 'baby?'
Posted October 6, 2005


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Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)
Also known as: Hallervorden-Spatz disease and Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
- Abnormal postures and movements
- Muscle rigidity
- Tremors
- Weakness
- Blood clots
- Respiratory infections
- Skin breakdown
- Increased stiffness in the arms or legs
- Increasing problems at school
- Unusual movements
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz disease) is a movement disorder that is passed down through families (inherited).
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) usually begins in childhood.
Most cases of NBIA disease are due to a defect in a gene that makes a protein called pantothenate kinase 2. Patients with this genetic defect have a buildup of iron in parts of the brain. Several genetic causes of NBIA have now been discovered.
Exams and Tests
The doctor or nurse will examine you and ask questions about your symptoms and medical history. The exam may show:
Genetic tests can look for the defective gene that causes the disease. However, this test is not yet widely available. It is only found at certain research laboratories.
Tests such as MRI can help rule out other movement disorders and diseases.
There is no specific treatment for NBIA. Treatment is focused on controlling the symptoms.
Outlook (Prognosis)
NBIA gets worse and damages the nerves over time. It leads to a lack of movement, and often death by early adulthood.
Possible Complications
Medication used to treat symptoms can cause complications. Being unable to move from the disease can lead to:
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if your child develops:
Genetic counseling is appropriate in families affected by this illness. There is no known way to prevent it.
Lang AE. Other movement disorders. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 428.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Inherited metabolic diseases of the nervous system. In: Ropper AH, Samuels MA, eds. Adams & Victor's Principles of Neurology. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014:chap 37.
- Review date:
- March 09, 2014
- Reviewed by:
- Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Copyright InformationA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2008 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Casey Affleck Quotes
I didn't have to audition. That's common, but it had never happened to me before. Normally, I hate auditioning. I need to stew and think... let the character develop and grow inside me.Send Quote
I had a public school education - 3,000 kids when I was there. And there were a lot of teachers who would just sit there. You'd come in and sign your name and the teacher would just sit there at the head of the class and you would literally just have to stay in your seat for 40 minutes and that was the only thing you'd have to do in class.Send Quote
I am in the process of starting a nonprofit organization that gives rescued animals a home in a simulated wild environment and, for those who have been tested on, who are disabled, aggressive, etc., their own space to live out their days.Send Quote
What is acceptable in our culture, I think, is really detrimental. I think we ought to have a little more ownership over the kind of material and the content that we put in front of people, especially young people.Send Quote


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When you know much about this rock world, set your free soul in rock valleys, rough roads that may take all of your energy to complete, or just making short exchanges with local hill-tribe peoples, you will feel your life extremely comfortable. For busy people from bustling industrial cities, when reaching the rock plateau, your stressful life seems to let go before the spectacular landscape, the immensity of rock and the simplicity of indigenous peoples. Along the legendary Hanh Phuc Road that runs across the Dong Van Karst Plateau, the story about more than 10 provinces struggling with rock leave a sense of might on us. That was the beginning of a process of conquering rock, fighting poverty, and winning the trust of ethnic groups living on this plateau with the road that the Party and Uncle Ho had chosen. Over the past 50 years, Hanh Phuc Road – literally, the way of happiness – is increasingly enriched by many generations, giving strength to a domain impregnable to any force of enemy. From the road with branches reaching every direction on this rock plateau, the life is getting happier, which is easily seen from rhythmical dances during weekend market days. More markets which open on certain days in a month are known to the public like Lung Phin, Sa Phin, Pho Bang, Meo Vac, Dong Van and Dong Ha. Perhaps, those fairs help cultural identities of ethnic minorities enliven and sustain more strongly. The joie de vivre of the people… [Read full story]
Wandering in Rock World


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Title: Pathology of Drug Abuse
Date & Time: Wednesday, November 30, 2011 at 10 AM
Lecturer: The Pathology Team
No quizbank for this one
I see the Truth, when I'm all stupid-eyed...
-- Nine Inch Nails, "The Perfect Drug"
There's no room here for a major treatise on recreational drug abuse, but when you start seeing patients, you'll be impressed with the problems they cause.
Uncle Sam (1994) reported that usage peaked in 1975, with 23 million users (i.e., people who'd taken a recreational drug in the previous month). Now that the public is more savvy (maybe), and people can lose their jobs if they flunk random drug tests (definitely), the count is down to maybe 11 million, but this is the hard-core.
Your lecturer has been observing the drug scene since the sixties. IN MY HONEST, CONSIDERED OPINION, THE RECREATIONAL USE OF TODAY'S ILLEGAL DRUGS HAS NOTHING TO RECOMMEND IT.
Especially, decide how much of this behavior is identity-group membership. This might explain why minority groups (racial minorities, "disenfranchised youth") usually prefer different intoxicants and/or patterns of consumption than the majority culture.
Not surprisingly, cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression seems to help intractable drug-abusers (Arch. Gen. Psych. 68: 577, 2011).
Bess and Sportin' Life: "Happy Dust"
Some of the essential pathophysiology remains mysterious. We don't even know why pulmonary edema is usual in opiate overdoses, or why people who do street drugs tend to have a hepatic triaditis and enlarged portal lymph nodes. Talc or whatever crystalline substance was present in the injected mixture often finds its way to the portal macrophages, which may also be pigmented.
* The most interesting new work in this area, an examination of gene expression profiles in the nucleus accumbens, tends to discredit the recently-popular idea that the various addictive drugs work through a common pathway ("the addicted brain..."). See Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2304, 2006.
* The amygdalas (brain areas that have to do with self-control) in the experienced cocaine-user afflicted with craving seem much smaller than those of normal folks (Neuron 44: 729, 2004). Cause (weak-willed in the first place / stupid enough to try cocaine) or effect (damage from cocaine) or both? We are eagerly awaiting an answer.
Likewise, the medicolegal evaluation of the deaths of drug-users is fraught with pitfalls.
Tolerance, i.e., decreasing drug effect as the dose is held constant, makes it difficult to say whether the amount that the person took could / could not have been lethal.
Illegal drugs and their metabolites are easily measured in blood and tissue after death, but post-mortem drug levels must not be over-interpreted.
Especially, drugs redistribute after death in ways that so far have baffled the best forensic scientists (J. For. Sci. 44: 10, 1999). Obviously as body proteins denature and temperature and pH change, affinities for the molecules change and drugs diffuse. Most forensic pathologists will simply tell you, "This lab result means the person did this drug."
The specificities of your screening tests may be insufficient to detect particular drugs. For example, today's "opiate screen" is likely to miss fentanyl.
And of course, the drugs that were at the scene at the time of overdose are likely to be gone by the time that the police arrive.
Terms to know:
BODY STUFFER: Someone who conceals the drug in a packet in the body before being arrested.
Both types can show up in the emergency room very, very sick (J. Tox. Clin. Tox. 42: 987, 2004; Ann. Emerg. Med. 55: 190, 2010.
Less Than Zero
* Centers or wooden frames are put under the arches of a bridge, to remain no longer than till the latter are consolidated, and then are thrown away or cast into the fire. Even so, sinful pleasures are the devil's scaffolding to build a habit upon; and once formed and fixed; the pleasures are sent for firewood, and hell begins in this life.
Today, this euphoriant-anesthetic substance needs no introduction. Taken by needle, through the nasal mucosa, or smoked in heat-resistant form as "crack" (from the cracking sound made by the crystals), it's has long been major evil presence. There's a mild physiologic withdrawal syndrome. More seriously, once the drug is sampled, the psychologic craving is intense.
Even experimenting a little with cocaine, even "to help you study", is extremely dangerous. Apparently cocaine use destroys your capacity to be happy without the drug. The cocaine addict will do anything to get more of the drug.
In the 1980's, the introduction of a cheap, smokable form ("crack", from the sound of the blocks breaking as they burn in the pipe) caused a striking increase in use. According to Sci. Am. 290: 82, Feb. 2004, the use of crack dropped precipitously in the early 1990's. The author's explanation was that community leaders recognized that the danger to their communities' health was too great to accept as "politics and profits as usual", and "extra-judicial street justice" removed the crack dealers. Today's social scientists attribute the tremendous increase in crime between the late 1980's and the mid-1990's largely to the rise and fall of crack.
Cocaine kills people in at least five different ways:
Cocaine and the heart: NEJM 345: 351, 2001; Am. J. Card. 100: 1040, 2007. It is adrenergically mediated and potentiated by both ethanol and tobacco. Cocaine depletes dopamine receptors on the coronary arteries, and renders them super-sensitive to alpha-adrenergic stimuli. This is most likely the cause of the vasospasm (Am. J. Card. 86: 1054, 2000) and symptoms and signs of cardiac ischemia.
Less well-known is smoked cocaine's ability to produce damage to the pulmonary microvasculature (Chest 121: 1231, 2002). Even if the patient does not have hemoptysis, this is one cause of a lung's being full of hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Check the blood for cocaine in any young person with unexplained hemoptysis.
Remember that even though the brain rapidly develops tolerance to the euphoriant effects of the drug, the sodium channels of the heart never develop tolerance to the effects of cocaine. This triggers rhythm disturbances and death.
Pathologists look for these findings, which are typical of heavy cocaine users and to a lesser extent other stimulant users: (1) Replacement of single cardiac myocytes by fibrous tissue (probably why we get the diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle; this is distinctive for "chronic catecholamine cardiomyopathy" of which cocaine heart is the chief example); (2) Medial hypertrophy of the small coronary resistance arteries. (For a review with photos see South Med. J. 98: 794, 2005).
Tachyarrhythmias probably result from the underlying anatomic changes in the heart, since (unlike myocardial infarction), they won't happen during the first experimenting.
Brain hemorrhages happen even if the vessels in the head are "normal": Neurology 46: 1741, 1996; brain vessel constriction can also produce stroke: JAMA 279: 376, 1998.
"Crack lung" produces a spectacular anthracosis.
* You may be told that cocaine produces a vasculitis, especially in the brain (Neurology 40: 1092, 1990). I don't know whether this is true; most cocaine users get no vasculitis from the drug. So far as I've been able to find out, there's no distinctive lesion; it may be just a rare Stevens-Johnson drug-allergy vasculitis.
Future medical examiners:
Cocaine is metabolized into benzoylecgonine (serum half life 6 hours, urine half-life 12 hours) and ecgonine methyl ester (serum half-life 4 hours); both degrade into ecgonine which is stable indefinitely. If there is also alcohol on board, about 10% of the cocaine will be turned into cocaethylene, a psychoactive compound with a half-life of 3 hours.
Watch for post-mortem studies on brain receptors in cocaine addicts, to demonstrate and understand tolerance.
Crack lung
Lung pathology series
Dr. Warnock's Collection
The famous perforation of the nasal septum is simply an ischemic infarct from vasoconstriction. Cocaine can also kill unborn children by abruption of the placenta or direct toxicity to the fetus (For. Sci. Int. 47: 181, 1990; still clearly true Am. J. Ob. Gyn. 204: 340, 2011), or make babies small and/or premature. Today's "crack babies" need no description (ask a pediatrician, or see Pediatrics 97: 851, 1996; these babies are significantly smaller Pediatrics 101: 229, 1998; Although the most dire predictions have not held up and non-crack-exposed underclass kids also have special problems (Pediatrics 98: 938, 1996; J. Ped. 132: 291, 1998), the "crack babies" do seem to have been damaged permanently by the drug (Pediatrics 120: e1017, 2007).
* One future hope is a vaccine, i.e., a cocaine analogue that is immunogenic, producing antibodies that bind cocaine and prevent its having an effect. Hope it works. See Nature 378: 727, 1995; Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98: 1988, 2001. Vaccines are also "under development" for nicotine, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, etc., etc., but after a decade there's been nothing really promising (Curr. Psych. Rep. 9: 381, 2007).
EXCITED DELIRIUM is a curious phenomenon in which a person (most often on cocaine or amphetamines, though the blood levels need not be high and it's seen sometimes without drugs on board) requires physical restraint, then stops struggling and shows labored / agonal breathing and immediately goes into cardiopulmonary arrest. The syndrome is defined to be each of these in succession: (1) hyperthermia, (2) delirium, (3) respiratory arrest; (4) death. Nobody really knows the mechanism (Am. J. Emerg. Med. 19: 187, 2001).
The phenomenon is so familiar to forensic pathologists and to the police that I have no serious doubt that it's real. The autopsy molecular signature is now reported to be elevated HSPA1B and much-diminished dopamine transporter (For. Sci. Int. 190: e13, 2009).
Of course, excited delirium generates a lot of bogus "police brutality" lawsuits. Update on excited delirium deaths in custody, viewed with 20/20 hindsight back to 1939: AMFJP 30: 1, 2009. Of course, some of these people die WITHOUT being taken by police, in the way described above (J. Anal. Tox. 33: 557, 2009). Your lecturer believes that excited delirium, rather than "police brutality", is the usual mechanism of death when someone who the police have hog-tied dies suddenly (Am. J. For. Med. Path. 31: 107, 2010).
Lacerations and incisions
DOWNERS (barbiturates, others)
Overdoses can be fatal, especially if you've had a drink. (NOTE: Your lecturer doesn't believe that it's common for people to "forgetfully" take the rest of the bottle of sleepers while groggy from taking just one.) For big-time abusers, there's a physical tolerance and withdrawal syndrome (excitement, seizures) that can kill you. Remember skin blisters in people in "barb" coma; nobody knows why they happen.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (gamma hydroxyburytic acid), gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol (the latter is an industrial solvent, yuck) are popular yuppie downers. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate mimics GABA, the inhibitory neurotransmitter, and crosses the blood-brain barrier easily. Again, there's a physical dependence and the risk of acute toxic death (NEJM 344: 87, 2001).
Even old-fashioned sedatives such as chloral hydrate still kill people.
Anna Nicole Smith
The benzodiazepines ("Valium", etc.) are amnesic drugs. You won't learn well while you're taking the stuff "for test anxiety" or anything else. Today's "more sophisticated" exam-takers are choosing propranolol, a drug with effects on the heart that are not always salutary. Put that stuff away, too.
* Even the anesthetic propofol is now being used by people seeking a relaxant; it turns out tobe addictive (Clin. Tox. 48: 165, 2010).
The amphetamines ("speed"; most-used right now is methamphetamine; update Mayo Clin. Proc. 81: 77, 2006) are rough on the heart (sudden death is famous; also "meth cardiomyopathy" Am. J. Med. 120: 165, 2007; disturbingly comon Am. J. Card. 102: 1216, 2008), brain, and kidneys, and may incline their users to do foolish, hurtful things. However, sudden deaths from these substances are uncommon, and tend to mimic cocaine's anatomic pathology.
Compared with the other drugs of abuse (except ethanol), "meth" is much more likely to lead to death or serious injury by making its users violent and reckless. Of course, we are in the midst of a "meth" epidemic, and folks in the emergency room in San Diego are more likely to be on "meth" than even marijuana (J. Trauma 63: 531, 2007).
Probably no one was surprised to learn that cocaine and methamphetamine users get horny and do reckless sexual things (Am. J. Psych. 164: 157, 2007).
The famously-bad tooth decay and fractured teeth seen in the methamphetamine user is caused by a combination of xerostomia, the noxious smoke ("crystal meth" / "ice"), bruxism, and a craving for sugar (Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm 63: 2078, 2006; Gen. Dent. 54: 125, 2006). It's hard to show in the lab, but your lecturer believes that vasoconstriction from the drug probably infarcts the mouth tissues.
Like "crack babies", "meth babies" born to women who did methamphetamine are much smaller than their counterparts. We await follow-up (Pediatrics 118: 1149, 2006; confirmed Ob. Gyn. 116: 330, 2010; J. Ped. 157: 337, 2010).
Phencyclidine's pathology is being worked out. It's been a challenge as specific lesions haven't been found, and it's hard to know who's been using. The NIH finally starts looking at folks' "true addiction history" by hair samples, but this isn't feasable for your limited-budget medical examiner (Addiction Biology 13: 105, 2008).
Mephedrone is an amphetamine available as tablets; it famously causes bruxism (tooth grinding); it's resurfaced and is now being made illegal. (For. Sci. Int. 206: e93, 2011).
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy" / MDMA) is a familiar yuppie drug whose problems are now being studied intensively.
A curious effect is hyponatremia, as the drug seemes to cause both inappropriate secretion of ADH and inappropriate water drinking. This is now a robust finding (Am. J. Med. Sci. 326, 89, 2003; Ann. Emerg. Med. 49: 164, 2007), and can be lethal.
Use of MDMA is common, deaths from MDMA are rare, and they usually resemble other amphetamine-type deaths (Legal Med. 9 185, 2007).
"Bath salts" (* methylenediosypyrovalerone, MDPV; unrelated to any real hygneie product) appeared in early 2011 as a legal stimulant, skirting laws. The can produce extreme sympathetic stimualtion and craziness (NEJM 365: 967, 2011).
* In 2011, synthetic chemicals were marketed in stores as "bath salts", supposedly to be put in your bathwater rather than be consumed as the amphetaminelike drugs that street people knew they were. They killed a few people, resulted in quite a few speed-like emergency-room visits, and are now being made illegal (Clin. Tox. 49: 499, 2011; MMWR 60: 624, 2011; NEJM 365: 967, 2011). Compare New Zealand's "party pills" (piperazines): Clin. Tox. 49: 131, 2011.
* Not really uppers: KETAMINE has caused surprisingly few deaths in recreational users, who are likely to be medical types. See Int. J. Leg. Med. 116: 113, 2002.
* Not really uppers: LSD and mescaline are seldom encountered today (which is good); there is no known anatomic pathology (Clin. Tox. 48: 350, 2010.)
{07615} tattoo on public-spirited person
Montana Meth Project
Drug-ed ads.
Heroin, morphine, and meperidine are usually taken by needle (intravenous or skin-popping; there are ways of inhaling "the dragon" heroin). Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone are taken orally.
Your lecturer is not impressed with the adverse personality or health consequences of opiate use itself (well, it's constipating and bad for the libido).
However, the stuff is addictive, expensive, and illegal (which causes some of the problems) and overdose is very lethal. Stories from eyewitnesses describe collapse, gurgling, and a massive gush of foam from the mouth.
Poppies are Also Flowers
|Unlike cocaine, heroin is not known to have any direct tissue toxicities. There are maybe 4000 deaths from heroin overdose in the US each year. Those dying of heroin overdose either (1) stopped breathing from medullary depression, or (2) got pulmonary edema (nobody knows why opiates can do this, but it's likely that it's neurally-mediated, because of tolerance and because brain injury itself can produce similar edema). Of course, there are plenty of heroin-related deaths due to lifestyle and/or unsanitary injection practices.
It's commonplace for an "accidental" overdose to have been preceded by a critical life-event, and many of these "unfortunate tragic accidents" are probably suicides (Forens. Sci. Int. 62: 129, 1993).
* Confusingly, there is an illness seen only in people who snort cooked heroin, and that much be due to some other poison generated in this way. It looks clinically and anatomically like prion disease, but some patients recover; it's called "heroin spongiform encephalopathy" and is recognizable now on MRI scans: For. Sci. Int. 113: 435, 2000.
Social scientists tell us that heroin was responsible for the upsurge of crime, especially robberies, from the mid-1960's to the mid-1970's. Methadone maintenance as a readily-available treatment proved a great help (thanks very much for that one, Mr. Nixon).
Methadone / suboxone maintenance keeps drug addiction, which is a relapsing problem, under partial control with great savings to society. There are about 100,000 people on methadone maintenance in the US, and only about 500 deaths per year from overdosing. Most deaths result from increasing the initial dose too rapidly.
You'll review the various molecules in "Pharm". Don't try too hard to interpret a post-mortem morphine level, either to decide whether "it's enough to kill the person", or how much of the drug was taken. Tolerance varies tremendously, and attempts to second-guess tolerance by high-tech assays of brain receptors have been non-helpful: For. Sci. Int. 113: 423, 2000. During life, 98% of a dose of opiate is in the tissues; as the body decomposes, much of it will return to the bloodstream. Review J. For. Sci. 46: 1138, 2001. Redistribution is less of a problem than for other drugs: J. For. Sci. 45: 843, 2000.
* Don't forget to look for pupa cases from the maggots that fed on the body. Morphine can be analyzed from here: For. Sci. Int. 120: 127, 2001.
"Big Robbins's" statement that a third of heroin addicts had diluted their drug with water from the toilet comes as no surprise to this physician. Heroin may be cut with Baby's talcum powder (stays in the lungs forever), quinine (rough on the heart), or whatever else is handy (who knows?) Heroin addicts seldom use sterile technique, and abscesses and endocarditis (notably on the tricuspid valve, notably staphylococcal) are commonplace, as is the bad retrovirus. "Heroin nephropathy" is usually FSGS (also amyloidosis A, from the abscesses.)
It's worth remembering that tolerance to opiates is lost VERY fast. One common scenario is a fatal overdose after a 2-3 day stay in jail; the addict simply took the customary dose and died as a result (for example, the death of Sid Vicious). Savvy medical examiners are now estimating these people's tolerance history using hair samples.
Ultra-rapid detoxification, which ends the addiction during a few hours of artifical sleep and naloxone treatment, has been available since the 1990's and the military (i.e., reality-based) now uses it for burn victims (J. Trauma 71(1S): S-114, 2011).
Heroin-cocaine death
Ask a forensic pathologist to show you needle marks ("tracks"). These are scars, often pigmented (carbon, hemosiderin), overlying veins and often arranged in a line (savvy dopesters start distal). One reason addicts get tattoos is to make it harder to see their injection sites. "Skin poppers" are often covered with old craters.
{08170} heroin tracks
Starch granules in tissue
People who inject "Ritalin", "Talwin" or methadone from powdered tablets are also certain to get interesting stuff in their lungs. Talcum powder and pill-fillers both produce little granulomas, which can eventually cause fatal cor pulmonale.
Crystals in the lungs of drug abusers
* Buprenorphine implants for the treatment of opiate dependence: JAMA 304: 1576, 2010.
The management of patients with chronic pain is only now receiving the recognition it deserves from the medical profession, and is still restricted by laws that don't make sense (a fact that is finally getting media attention). Heroin may perhaps have some use in the management of chronic pain, but the discussion is totally dominated by ideological concerns. Today, however, most users chose heroin not for a physical analgesic but as a powerful anesthetic against deplorable living conditions. It works (and this would lead me to ask why so many people feel they need it -- perhaps the cause is having to live around other substance-abusers, criminals, and mean people), but the problems only begin with impotence, constipation, and infections.
* For the not-pretty picture of both TB and morphine addiction in the pre-illegal era, read or see Eugene O'Neill's autobiographical "Long Day's Journey into Night".
{07062} talc in heroin-abuser's lung
Baudelaire, Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gogh, and Rimbaud were devotees of the drug, which raises the question (for me anyway) whether their devotion to the drug was the cause of, or the result of, their particular outlooks on life. The movie "Moulin Rouge" (2001) celebrates the hallucinations generated by absinthe. A Jayhawk argues that VanGogh's psychosis was at least exacerbated by his absinthe: JAMA 260: 3042, 1988; more by this author on absinthe: Sci. Am. 260(6): 112, June 1989.
The special ingredient that produced the weird intoxication is supposedly thujone. If you believed everything you read about this, you'd be reading uncritically. Despite its molecular resemblance to the active ingredient of marijuana, it doesn't work on the cannabinoid receptors. More credible is work showing that it acts on the GABA type A receptors (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 97: 3826 & 4417, 2000). This suggests excitotoxicity as the cause of the permanent brain damage.
* The sad story of a man who drank wormwood obtained via the internet: NEJM 337: 827, 1997.
After the first glass you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see them as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, and that is the most horrible sight in the world.
What did the two stoners say to each other when they finally ran out of marijuana?
The familiar weed, which archeologists tell us goes back at least to the 6th millennium BC, binds to particular receptors in the brain, as do most other drugs. The active agent is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Ask a neuropharmacologist about the "cannabinoid receptors", and the endogenous cannabinoids, notably N-arachidonoylethanolamine (charmingly named "anandamide", ananda being Sanskrit for "bliss.")
* Formerly the hemp plant was cultivated widely in the US for
rope and canvas (same word as "cannabis").
People seeking rational explanations for our curious marijuana
laws have suspected the political influence of
the cotton industry ("King Cotton"; canvas clothes are less
comfortable but more durable) and of course the big liquor companies.
Or (and this seems right to me) this is just another example
of "the law of alien poisons", i.e., that every dominant culture abhors
the mind-altering substances preferred by its minority groups, and cannabis
was primarily used by Hispanics who called it "Mary Jane" (Substance Use and Misuse 37: 853, 2002: from Nova Southeastern COM).
Something on this history of the international ban on marijuana, with a reminder
that it was largely driven by a disinformation campaign by a single US politician:
Lancet 313: 344, 2004.
The "medical marijuana" laws are inadequate to
provide the obvious benefits the drug offers (NEJM 362: 1453, 2010);
but even the Bush administration (October 2009) reversed itself and stopped
sending the Feds after people using the drug in accordance with their
states' medical marijuana laws.
There is a mild withdrawal syndrome seen only in heavy users (i.e., four or more joints per day) that lasts less than a month, with the ex-stoner losing weight, sleeping fitfully, and being crabbier ("increased aggression" shows only on lab tests that seem to measure irritability): Am. J. Psych. 161: 1967, 2007.
In one long-term study, stoners who weren't already crazy were somewhat more likely to go crazy ("exhibit psychotic symptoms") than non-stoners -- cause and effect, or effect and cause? You decide BMJ 342: d738, 2011).
Right or wrong, the government crusade against marijuana has long been a part of "politics as usual". Marijuana smoking was a "political" act during the 1960's, when the government's several "credibility gaps" were obvious and many people were given absurdly long prison terms simply for possessing a joint or two. It seemed to make its known users unmotivated, and your lecturer suspects this means it causes subtle brain damage that may or may not be reversible. If the latter is really true, it has resisted scientific demonstration.
* Ironically, at the same time that
marijuana was the drug of choice for the 1960's, mostly anti-Vietnam-war
it was also the drug preferred by front-line troops during the war,
who preferred it to alcohol since they wanted to be able to fight effectively in case of surprise attack.
* Government and government-promoted (D.A.R.E.) material for young people
the supposed risks of marijuana includes obvious, preposterous untruths.
For example:
* Of course, this undermines the credibility of warnings about dangers
of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and the other genuinely-life-threatening drugs.
In the US, politics-as-usual includes the maintenance of an illegal drug culture
among the poor and the stupid, with marijuana as the gateway drug.
Draw your own conclusion.
It is known that marijuana undermines the immune system so it is likely
that in another 20 years, if use continues to escalate, the death toll
from side effects of long-term marijuana use will equal those of longer-term
tobacco use.
S. Bennett, D.A.R.E. website
Retrieved July 21, 2007
* Government and government-promoted (D.A.R.E.) material for young people about the supposed risks of marijuana includes obvious, preposterous untruths. For example:
* Of course, this undermines the credibility of warnings about dangers of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and the other genuinely-life-threatening drugs. In the US, politics-as-usual includes the maintenance of an illegal drug culture among the poor and the stupid, with marijuana as the gateway drug. Draw your own conclusion.
Your lecturer makes yearly medline searches that always reveal exactly nothing plausible about serious health consequences of marijuana smoking (beyond an ultra-rare, Buerger-like "cannabis arteritis" (Br. J. Derm. 152: 166, 2005; J. Am. Acad. Derm. 58(5S1): S65, 2008; the Germans reviewed the data and decided there was no such thing Vasa 39: 43, 2010). NOR CAN THIS WRITER IMAGINE HOW THE NEUROLOGIC "AMOTIVATIONAL" SYNDROME (if it is real) COULD BE CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED FROM THE APATHY AND ENNUI OF SPOILED MODERN-DAY U.S. KIDS. This includes the effort in JAMA 287: 1123, 2002, in which Aussies who smoke weed daily for decades have progressive impairment of memory and attention (thanks for trying). Even the Canadians, not known for liberalism, found that the well-known stupidity (i.e., lowered IQ) of stoners is measurable only in those smoking five or more joints weekly, and that looking at past users, "we conclude that marijuana does not have a long-term negative impact on global intelligence" (CMAJ 166: 887, 2002). A mega-study involving imaging of the brain of young teens found smaller brains in those exposed to alcohol, to cocaine, and to tobacco -- but there was no demonstrable effect from marijuana (Pediatrics 121: 741, 2008). In 1999, Bethesda funded a huge study on medical marijuana; it is reviewed in Arch. Gen. Psych. 57: 547, 2000 -- after a lot of hearings and calls for more research, the one solid recommendation was a metered inhaler rather than just letting the patient smoke the weed as a joint. (No, this doesn't make sense to me, either). Studies showcasing the common-sense idea that marijuana helps with chronic painful illnesses continue to be published in major journals (Neuro. 68: 515, 2007 -- the patients are now allowed to smoke the stuff.) The 2002 claim that cannabis smoking causes 30,000 deaths in Great Britain seems built on faulty assumptions -- you decide: Br. Med. J. 327: 165, 2003. Contrast this with a study from JAMA 299: 525, 2008 indicating more periodontal disease in stoners independent of tobacco use -- without considering that perhaps stoners do not brush-floss their teeth so often as non-stoners. How frankly nonsensical the world marijuana laws are: Lancet 363: 344, 2004 (again, not a bastion of liberalism).
You should not smoke cannabis and then drive a car. This was "prove-able" only after blood assays for marijuana smoking became available. See Lancet, April 24, 1976, page 884. A group of Canadian academicians conducted a phone survey asking (1) "Do you drive your car when you are high on marijuana?" and (2) "How many fender-benders have you had?" They discovered that people who drive stoned average twice as many wrecks (no surprise: Traffic Injury Prevention 11: 115, 2010).
* In 1997, a team in Italy noticed that cannabis and heroin both activated mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common receptor mechanism. The subsequent claim that this suggested marijuana was addictive met with guffaws; it seems to me that it simply reflects the fact that both drugs make people happy while they're high (Science 276: 1967, 1997; this would not be worth mentioning except that it got published, somehow, in this distinguished journal and you may hear about it.) Nobody seems to have trouble stopping marijuana smoking.
Of course, marijuana use results in very few domestic-violence calls. Contrast alcohol. It's also very widely reported to be easily the best way to overcome the dreadful subjective side effects of cancer chemotherapy. This is intensely politicized (your chemotherapy patients will try it themselves, and probably not tell you). Even Canada, not known for radical social politics, legalized medical marijuana in 2001.
Your lecturer hasn't seen anyone physically sick or dead from marijuana, and believes that claims of grave health threats, birth defects, and so forth are simply disinformation. Nor has your lecturer heard of dreadful harm from countries where marijuana is available legally at convenience stores. Even the new edition of "Big Robbins" trimmed its warnings against marijuana down to concern about smoke damaging the lungs and being stoned making your thinking fuzzy. JAMA 287: 1172, 2002 confirms what everybody knows -- even 17 hours after getting zonked on marijuana, your head's not quite clear. The JAMA editors, not known for being left-wing, also pointed out that most current work does NOT really support the idea that marijuana causes long-term brain damage, and that it's also impossible to tell in any case whether people who smoke a lot of dope are stupider to begin with. (You think?) Science takes a back seat to politics, and truth be told, almost nobody's doing meaningful scientific work with marijuana use itself today. This is a shame, since (for good or ill) the drug is a well-established part of U.S. culture, and (because it is illegal) might be purchased from the same kind of folks as the much more dangerous drugs (i.e., kids learn how to buy from drug dealers). Plus, the brain systems on which it works are evidently quite important (Nat. Med. 9: 1227, 2003). A review of adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use (Lancet 374: 1383, 2009) emphasized the lack of any real science. The one strong recommendation is to not drive a car when stoned.
* Synthetic cannabinoids ("Spice herbal incense") that actually do work on the cannabinoid receptors (Eur. J. Pharm. 659: 139, 2011) are now being made illegal (For. Sci. Int. 208: 47, 2011).
* Why do you THINK they call it "dope"? -- Ed
THE INHALANTS ("glue sniffing", etc.)
Some people have fun inhaling solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate), gasoline, isobutane (cigaret lighter fluid Int. J. Leg. Med. 120: 168, 2006); isobutyl-, amyl- and butyl-nitrites ("pig pokers", etc.), nitrous oxide ("Whippets", from aerosolized whipped cream cans; a yuppie favorite), toluene (airplane glue), and fluorocarbon (J. For. Sci. 38: 477, 1993) propellants.
Solvents probably act (like general anesthetics) by solubilizing the lipid in nervous tissue and acting on the same proteins as anesthetics do. Use of some of these drugs can be bad for the heart (sensitizes to rhythm disturbances), kidney, and brain. Intoxicated people can die of aspiration or asphyxia.
Nitrous oxide users are prone to develop a peripheral neuropathy and megaloblastic anemia.
* My favorite article from 2007 was the account of the autopsy of a sniffer of toluene from paint. Granules of aerosolized paint in the lungs were magnificently demonstrated on electron microscopy (For. Sci. Int. 171: 118, 2007).
There's no time or reason to dwell on the arcane, political-legal subject of testing for drugs of abuse.
Worth knowing: Heroin is metabolized to morphine, and cocaine to benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester. You measure these.
RULE: If there's to be a legal impact of your findings, you must confirm all positives using a test based on a different chemical principle.
* It is possible to test meconium to see whether Mom has used drugs during pregnancy. Early work (J. Ped. 122: 152, 1993) suggested this might become routine, but understandably it's primariy a research tool, though it has finally come into widespread use (Pediatrics 118: 1149, 2006; Arch. Dis. Child F&N 91: F291, 2006; Clin. Chim. Acta 366: 101, 2006; For. Sci. Int. 153: 59, 2005).
One fact that needs to be understood by a society considering de-criminalization of marijuana is the fact that it remains detectable in the user's urine longer than more dangerous drugs. People who want to party on Friday night but will lose thier jobs if they are found "drug-positive" on a random urine check on Monday know this, and are more likely to use meth or cocaine instead.
* For more on the "war on drugs" and facts that may guide your thinking in an area where there are no easy answers, see the online version of these notes.


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Judge Bailey Reflects on Career
Former Hamilton County Juvenile Court Judge Suzanne Bailey is enjoying retirement after 30 years on the bench. In an editorial in the Hamilton County Herald this week she reflects back on her career. A 1975 graduate of the University of Tennessee College of Law, Bailey began working with juveniles on one of her very first cases. She was so touched by the experience, she asked to be placed on the appointment list at juvenile court. "I enjoyed taking appointments there. We didn't get paid...but my heart attached to juvenile court and the children who came through there," she says. Bailey went on to become the first woman elected to any judgeship in the county when she became juvenile judge in 1982. Bailey, who retired in April, says her only advice to successor Judge Rob Philyaw is simple: "Have the heart of a servant."| TBA Law Blog


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|Use this URL to cite or link to this record in EThOS:
|Involvement of human DNA polymerase kappa in nucleotide excision repair
|Cloney, Ross
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|Date of Award:
|Availability of Full Text:
Nucleotide excision repair is one of the major repair pathways responsible for identifying and removing lesions in the DNA double helix. In higher eukaryotes, nucleotide excision repair is a coordinated response of over 30 proteins recruited in an ordered procession with distinct roles in the recognition, removal and repair of said lesions. A key step in the completion of the repair process is the resynthesis of the excised strand using the undamaged partner as a template. DNA polymerase kappa (polκ), a member of the Y-family, has been shown to have a role in nucleotide excision repair distinct from its traditional role in translesion synthesis. Cell lines lacking polκ showed clear defects in nucleotide excision repair and increased ultraviolet light sensitivity. Building on this established work, conserved residues were identified in the C-terminus of human polκ and mutated to alanines. Under transient expression, mutations in the ubiquitin binding domains severely impaired the recruitment to sites of damage. Cell lines defective in polκ that stably expressed these mutant polymerases showed sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation following exposure; intriguingly, this defect seems confined to the global genomic repair pathway as no substantial defect in transcription-coupled repair was observed. Following on from these observations, immunoprecipitation of the polymerase and partner proteins was investigated in an attempt to identify interactions disrupted by the mutations to the ubiquitin binding domains. These experiments indicated impairment in binding to ubiquitinated PCNA in the mutants. In further work, the recruitment of wild-type human polκ was shown to be independent of the 3' incision by the nuclease XPG during the repair process, consistent with a recently proposed model for NER.
|Not available
|Not available
|Qualification Name:
|Thesis (Ph.D.)
|Qualification Level:
|EThOS ID:
|Not available
|QD0415 Biochemistry ; QH0426 Genetics


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It is a mix of gritty Clint Eastwood and Steve McQueen characters, living in a Tennessee Williams universe.
Los Angeles, CA (PRWEB) August 21, 2012
RUTHLESS follows an ex-con who was recently released from prison and settles in a small town in Louisiana. He begins to torment and exact revenge on the locals who impacted his past. "Of all the scripts I've written, this is the closest to the 'down and dirty' types of films I loved growing up," states Cooper Layne, who also wrote THE FOG and THE CORE. "It is a mix of gritty Clint Eastwood and Steve McQueen characters, living in a Tennessee Williams universe."
Phedon Papamichael, who has been the Director of Photography of such iconic and award-winning films including THE DESCENDANTS, IDES OF MARCH, 3:10 TO YUMA, and WALK THE LINE, is attached to direct. "This is the kind of material that actors and directors dream about. I am very excited for the opportunity to direct this film."
The film is funded by private foreign investors, and will be taking advantage of the Louisiana tax incentives.


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What a most fantabulous weekend! My Friday started off on a great note with an early morning cycle class. After work, I immediately met up with Bek and Ash and headed up to meet Mollie for a wine and painting class!
**Note – when you're taking these classes, it is apparently incredibly important to paint your TOPS AND SIDES. And the bottoms.
All the best friends!
The night was so much fun!! It's BYOB and that we did! Naturally, that's how you power through a race, right?
Our finished products! Super cool how none of them look the same yet we were all taking the same class. Loved the creativity from everyone!
The next morning I was up bright and EARLY with Ash for a half marathon!
It was an unofficial half marathon course preview of our half in two weeks. Our goal is sub 2:05 for the half in two weeks but we achieved it this weekend! Guess we'll have another goal for the actual race – sub 2:04! 🙂
I must say, though, that the first half of this race was TOUGH. We were not feeling the best after Friday night's shenanigans but we powered through it – which was more of a mental thing than a physical thing. In any case, it was such a great feeling to have finished with that time. I seriously can't believe how much better I've gotten at running over the past year.
After the race, I was on a serious runner's high and convinced my boyfriend to go out walking along a local trail. The weather was too good to be true so naturally it was the best day ever!
The Senator was thrilled with the excursion!!
Look at how gorgeous that water is! Geez.
I can't decide if he looks demonic or super happy. Votes?
And later that night, we went out on a super fun date and picked up Ash for the night too! We had a fancy dinner and then went to the fabulous Fox theater to see Once. After seeing it in NYC a few weeks ago, I was dying to see it again. Loved it.
We were all gussied up for the evening and were such fancy pants – drinking wine and martinis. 🙂
And yesterday, the girls and I went on another little hike on a super awesome local trail. It was another glorious day, so that's what's supposed to happen, right?
The crew + The Senator's butt because he's too good for the camera.
The waterfalls + my beautiful bestie.
Hardcore hiking! There were some steep inclines and some tricky areas of terrain but it was a glorious day time adventure. Seriously, this was a perfect weekend filled with so much good stuff. ❤ 🙂
How was your weekend?
Is the weather improving where you are?
Are you an artist? I am not. 🙂


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Where have you been? Where are you going? And why?
Quaint describes the city of Victoria well. It is the capitol of British Columbia and distinctly resembles what you might imagine for an old British town. Shops run up and down the two main streets that parallel a bay. The hundred year old parliament building and neighboring Empress Hotel highlight the bay view. Tourists float in from Seattle for a long weekend. Boats departing and returning from whale watching tours frequent the bay, along with propeller planes that take off and land right there on the water. It's also "home" to one of the largest homeless contingent I've seen in a long time.
We'd spent the first of our three day Victorian excursion touring world-renowned Butchart Gardens, and our patience for each other dwindled. We trudged through downtown searching for moderately priced dining, knowing the chances of marital conflict increased with our appetite. The options fluctuated between expensive and fast food. As we marched up the street, I looked up to see a man pushing a shopping cart towards us. I tried to ignore him, but the sound of the cart wheeled over the cobblestone sidewalk clattered. His blue coat carried a brownish tint and it frayed around the edges. I avoided eye contact, especially as he turned to speak. Shannon attended to his question, an anticipated request for food. His gaze changed my heart and exposed my selfishness. We set off to find his choice of food, a convenient store located a couple blocks away.
His name was Andrew. As we passed a certain restaurant, he told how the owner chases him away whenever he stands near the window. Andrew told us about his days in Victoria, having lived there since the age of thirteen. Now thirty-six, he envisioned never leaving. He pushed his life's savings as the cart rattled along with us. At the convenient store he set the grocery cart on the side of the building, essentially leaving his possessions free for the taking. I told him to get whatever he wanted. Meanwhile, I could sense the panic in the store employee's eyes. He watched Andrew 's every move like a prison guard during recess. Andrew piled dinner onto the counter: a microwavable sandwich, a fruit juice, some chips, and a Skor candy bar. "They're my favorite," he said. After I paid, we parted ways, but not without shaking hands. Andrew's gentle and kind spirit did not match the calloused and peeling hand.
As we walked away, I began to ponder what I had just experienced. My heart was grateful, as if having just received a gift. What of the Lord occurred in those moments, I wondered. Then I realized the gift I'd been given. In the spiritual realm, my desperation for spiritual food looks much like Andrew's for physical bread. It struck me that he had no shame about asking for food. I'm sure that was not always the case. The years of living on the streets had stripped him of pride. I wanted to learn how to live like that, to know my need so well and to ask freely.
In really paying attention to my heart's hunger, I find myself in a similar place. My only hope each and every day is to ask, "Lord, can I have some food today?" So much goes into that question. Shame. Fear. Patience. Doubt. Andrew could have lowered his head as he passed us, committed to finding a way on his own. I do that most days. To rely upon God takes surrender, and laying down my arms is not something I do easily. It also takes trust, trust that the Lord desires to feed my soul. I don't believe that easily either. But Truth tells me he that the Lord desires to offer a banquet, with a seat with my name on it.
Walking away from Andrew that evening, I wondered what his reaction might have been had I thought to invite him to dinner with us. I envisioned him walking into the restaurant with a bay view, feeling the anxiety of having been shooed away from such places before. He probably would have shamed himself for not belonging. How big might his eyes have gotten as he looked down the menu? His heart would begin to beat faster and faster as the waitress continually filled up his glass. His mouth would water as she brought out the tray of plates, his halibut hot just off the grill. Might this be only a sliver of the Lord's heart for us?
Lord, can I have some food today?


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Telesphere, established in 1997, supplies and maintains a wide variety of telephone systems for small to medium businesses. We pride ourselves on our exceptional customer service and have built an excellent reputation in the Oregon and SW Washington area by offering exceptional personalized service and unmatched level of customer support to our clients. This has made us our client's first point...
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Telesphere is located at 449 Sw Alderwood Dr, West Linn, OR. This location is in the Stafford - Tualatin Valley neighborhood. This business specializes in Manufacturing & Industrial Supplies.


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So I've sent out some emails and got some notes down for the upcoming Mage game. Among the things I've noted and tossed out is the Group Template. I first learned of it from the guys at Fear the Boot.
Listen to me, like I know them or something. Ha. Anyway, back to the Group Template.
I love the idea of the Group Template. Its a great concept, where the entire party in the game share a common history and relationship. It avoids the age-old tavern meet between strangers. I like it because it makes the roleplaying easier.
I've only gotten it to work right, and that involved the right players and the right amount of control over character creation. It was my Werewolf game, the Robot Lords. Games where I've been a player and not a GM, I've been unable to get the idea across. Not the same group of players as the Werewolf group mind you. But in the latest pathfinder game one of the other players told me that he 'wondered what was the point' of that. Yep. Backstory of a character to him was pointless.
As a GM and Storyteller, I can't and don't think that way. I love character backstory and always try to use it best I can. It helps write the story for me. So to encourage group unity and get some ideas rolling, I always have tried to use a Group Template.
How it works:
The Group Template, to work its best, needs to be the first step in character creation. Now, character creation needs, no SHOULD be done in group. I've tried to iterate this many, many, many times to my own players: GROUP character creation. Learn what group you belong to and why your characters get along.
Quick Aside on that: Character Creation should be shared if possible, mostly to share ideas. Sometimes other players can actually HELP you get a backstory figured out with questions and the like.
First make a group concept. Is the group a paramilitary squad? A order of knights? A cabal of wizards? Are they all dedicated to the pursuit and elimination of the same villain? Have they all died and come back the same way? What is the binding trait among them?
This can be simple or complex. No wrong answer.
After you know the group concept, go ahead and try to define the shared history between your characters. What has the group done and experienced together? Have they already faced a dozen battles together or did they all share the same lab table when they were created?
I'll post more thoughts on this later. Current theme ideas for the game:
Chronicle/Cabal Ideas:
Day and Night
Impending Doom
New York City (manhattan)
See ya


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Embattled former Bafana Bafana striker Benni McCarthy was again fined almost £200 000 (R2.4 million) by his relegation threatened club West Ham for failing to meet fitness targets.
McCarthy was deemed too large for a Premier League player, especially for a club fighting relegation, and was ordered to work on his fitness. Failure to meet his target would result in hefty financial penalties.
The former SA national team player did meet his target but was left out of the 25-man West Ham squad for the second half of the season.
Hammers boss Avram Grant believes the weight loss has slowed the striker. "He reached the targets but I think that affected his movement," said Grant.
"He's a very good player and one of the best finishers in training that I have ever seen, and I have had some good players. But now we need players with movement and the advantage of being quick, and we have others."
McCarthy was challenged at the beginning of the season to lose 2.2lb in weight for five or six weeks or face a fine of one week's wages each time he failed.
He reached his target of 13st 5lb by October after ballooning to more than 15st at one stage and his body fat went down from 24.2 percent at the end of last season to 16 per cent by mid-August. A professional athlete is expected to carry from five to 12 percent.
Meanwhile, his agent Rob Moore, told the Daily Mirror that McCarthy wanted to play and did not want to just sit around and collect his cheque. McCarthy earns £38 000 a week and appears to have been fined five times in his long-term weight battle.
"Avram has a job to do and the team are in a difficult position, so you can't blame him for making decisions he believes in, but Benni has had hardly any game time and it's inevitable he would get a bit disheartened."
Just FYI, below details on on how to covert pounds to Kilograms, and their relation to the British "Stone"
Kilograms conversion:
One kilogram is equivalent to 1,000 grams or 2.2 pounds; the mass of a liter of water.
Stones conversion:
A British measurement of mass that equals fourteen pounds!


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Project for Quick,Reliable&Responsive
Bajet $20 USD
Hi Quick,Reliable&Responsive, I noticed your profile and would like to offer you my project. We can discuss any details over chat.
3 pekerja bebas membida secara purata $23 untuk pekerjaan ini
Accuracy and done I timely fashion.. Relevant Skills and Experience I work at a bank in auditing and collections. We input data everyday!
Hello, I am ready to cooperate. I will do everything quickly, efficiently and on schedule, I have experience in this field. Always in touch - I will be glad to cooperate :)


text:
Agent Details
3 High Street
Greater London
020 3151 3952; 020 3369 4291
London, SE9
3 Bedroom Detached House For Sale
Estimate your mortgage payments
3 Bedroom Detached House, Green Lane, London, SE9 3TG
Property Description
Standing on a sizeable plot is this extended three bedroom detached family home. The property is set behind gates, has a large driveway and offers three reception rooms, fitted kitchen, WC and integral garage to the ground floor. The first floor boasts three bedrooms, family bathroom and a separate WC. Outside enjoys a large rear garden with decked area and there is a games room located at the back of the garden. New Eltham Station is easily accessible and Chislehurst High Street is also within close proximity. Viewing essential.
Contact branch for relevant Energy Performance Certificate
- Guide Price £600,000
3 Bedroom Detached House For Sale
London, SE9
Estimate your monthly mortgage payments for
Live chat opening hours are 9am until 5.30pm Monday to Friday
Mortgage lenders have their own affordability criteria. That's why it's important that you speak to one of our Mortgage and Protection Consultants from our affiliated partner Capital Private Finance. They will be able to give you information, talk you though your mortgage and protection needs and find the best products for you, using a wide range of lenders and its insurance partners.


text:
Modern and Contemporary Legal History
Concepts and Construction of the Social Order (VL-Nr. 2309)
Spring Semester, Wednesday 12.15-13.45 (from 22.02.2017 to 31.05.2017 please notice deviations)
Language of the course
Office hours for students
Every Tuesday from 16.00 to 18.00 (room RAI-H-097)
Students who cannot come in these hours should write an email asking for an appointment.
Previous knowledge expected from students
Basic knowledge on legal history (level of BLaw UZH).
Content of the course
The course will focus the attention on the 16th to the 20th centuries, scrutinizing the «modern» development of State's theories and the creation of the international law system; the complex and contradictory relations between violence and law, between war and law, between race and law, between (in)equality of man and law and finally between economy and law. The course will outline and analyse the legal consequence of entanglements, interactions, collisions of law and relate this to the nature and construction of the social order from a historical perspective.
Reading of primary sources combined together with a critical reconstruction on law and jurists in their context will be done during the course.
Aim of the course and learning outcomes
After the successful completion of this course the student is able to understand social and cultural mechanisms of law in their historical contexts; to comprehend and critically explicate the ways in which law structures state systems and operates within international systems and what this means in legal terms; to understand, discuss and explain how some concepts become «legal», and their fundamental changes from a historical perspective.
- Marcel Senn / Lukas Gschwend, Rechtsgeschichte II – Juristische Zeitgeschichte, Zürich/Basel/Genf, 3. Auflage 2010, limited to: Introduction/Einführung and Kapitel 1 (p. 1-48); Kapitel III (p. 73-112); Kapitel IV (p. 113-148); Kapitel VI (p. 187-227).
Additional sources and related materials will be distributed during the lessons and uploaded together with the slides. Please find slides and related material in OLAT


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Happy Halloween everyone! I have been crafting my little heart out the last couple of weeks on CHA projects, so I was so happy last night to just put together a little project just for fun! Each month, the Trendy Twine team is challenged by our fearless leader to create a little something based on a recipe she throws together. This month it was the colour black, the colour orange, a bat, a pumpkin, twine (of course), an embellishment and finally, a tag! So here's my little creation:
And what do bats like to do? Well, fly of course!
That cute little "pull" stamp is from a great My Thoughts Exactly set called "Interactive Card Phrases". It's the perfect set for me, don't you think? 🙂
As for my little bat, I simply spiraled some cute Stormy Trendy Twine on top of a 1″ punched circle, and then added some wings and a googlie eyes. He's friend with Charlotte by the way! 😉 All the paper is from the DCWV Bewitched stack.
For those of you out and about with little ones tonight, have a safe and fun adventure! Don't forget to take pictures…I am expecting some great scrapbook pages in the next little while! Thanks for stopping by!


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Telephone Follow-up From an Intensive Care Nursery
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00604240
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : January 30, 2008
Last Update Posted : May 10, 2017
Christiana Care Health Services
Thomas Jefferson University
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Christiana Care Health Services
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Recruitment Status :
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|December 2008
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|December 2008


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Nanny in Calgary
My name is Julia McGrath and I am looking for some causal weekends and evenings babysitting jobs in the Calgary area. About Me: I studied Business Management at Dalhousie University from --.... During this time I worked up a client base of about 7 different families, 17 children, ranging in age from six months to 10 years. Each family was different, some I was with full time over the summers, others I sat for during the week/evenings. (References available if needed) Having so many different personalities I hold it to the utmost importance to really get to know each individual child and cater to their likes and dislikes to ensure that all children feel secure, cared for, content, and safe. My style of babysitting is very hands on. I believe in the Montessori mission of learning through play. It is my responsibility as your babysitter to ensure your children are constantly entertained either by playing outside, arts/crafts, excursions, etc...as well as to have a continued dialog about what we are doing and how it makes us feel as to always ensure fun, comfort, and learning. ABOUT ME: My biggest interests is any and all athletics. I am currently training to run a marathon in the next year (at least that's the goal!) , growing up I was an accomplished competitive swimmer (and do have experience as a lifeguard and swim instructor) I love being outside and being active. Another interest of mine is travel. I am originally from Massachusetts. I moved to Halifax in 2009, and to Calgary in 2014. I also participated in an exchange to Denmark in 2012, I was able to live and study there for 4 months. I love to explore the city and surrounding area to find fun, new things to do. Finally, I am a vegetarian and a hobby of mine is cooking vegetarian/vegan dinners and desserts. FINAL NOTES: I am not currently CPR /First Aide Certified, but have been on and off for the last 7 years due to previous occupations and Lifeguarding.
Nanny Details
|Email Address
|Phone Number
|Postal Code
|Years of Experience
|Provider Type
|Age Group
|Days Per Week
Minimum - $17.00
Maximum - $20.00
|Special Needs
|Work Eligibility
|Number of Children
|Twins Or Multiple Children
Notes made here will only be seen by you. If you want to message the owner of this listing
Julia M's Other Listings
More in Calgary, Alberta
Find Nannies Near Calgary
Featured Canadian Nanny Providers near Calgary, AB


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Blackfriars Student Accommodation Glasgow
Blackfriars Student Housing Glasgow
Blackfriars Student Accommodation
4 Blackfriars Road, Glasgow G1 1QL
Featured Amenities
- Bicycle Storage
- Car-Parking
- Wifi
Room Types
- Studio Rooms
- Ensuite Rooms
- Apartments
117 GBP/wk
You can now compare properties ! Add a few properties to the wishlist to get started.
Blackfriars a perfect abode for students in Glasgow
4 Blackfriars Road, Glasgow G1 1QL
Blackfriars is renowned as one of the reliable student accommodation providers inGlasgow
The accommodation offers well-designed and fully furnished studio room, Ensuite room and other rooms. Once you book the room, it comprises of a kitchen with a microwave, comfortable bed, spacious wardrobe and a side table with a lamp.
Spacious, contemporary and comfortable are the right words to define the available rangeaccommodations offered at Blackfriars Student Accommodation. The property holds a very strategic position in the city as it is close to various significant parts of the city. The Glasgow Caledonian University, University of Strathclyde, The Glasgow School of Art and University of Glasgow, University Avenue, all are situated within 3 miles radius.
The students will find a lot of amenities here ensuring they have a comfortable life. Blackfriars Studio and other rooms are equipped with a lot of facilities. Some of the available range amenities here are car parking, laundry room, secure door entry, study room, bicycle storage, wheelchair access, storage space, TV, Table tennis, sofa, common area
and the price of water, electricity and water is included within the booking amount. Apart from this, plenty of storage space is provided keeping in mind the extra requirements of students.
Blackfriars Ensuite rooms are designed as per your requirements and have added many other unique facilities, like high speed Wi-Fi to ensure students research well followed by a common room to network well with the others. For the further safety and security of students, there is CCTV camera surveillance 24*7. The management team of the property is very efficient and proactively organizes various events so that the students here feel more comfortable and less homesick. So come forth and explore highest levels of comforts and convenience at Blackfriars Student Accommodation.
Nearby Places
Facilities at Blackfriars Student Accommodation
Rooms at Blackfriars Student Accommodation
- Room TitlePrice
- Classic one bedroom flat£ 160/wk


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Using Your Iphone The Way It Was Meant To Be Used
You can easily integrate your social networks into your iphone experience. However, some people do not know how this can be done. If this is the case for you, there is no reason for concern. The article below will give you the guidance you need.
In order to conserve your battery usage on mobile app development companies the iphone, reduce the brightness level. All you need to do is go into your phone's settings and scale back its brightness. That helps you save your battery, which is especially usefully if you need to have a fully charged phone.
Don't waste any time keying in ".com" (or any other TLD) on the end of URLs when you're browsing the Internet on your iphone. All you need is the main portion of the address typed in and the browser should connect you with the proper site. It might not seem like that much of a time-saver, but there is no reason to type it if you don't have too.
Location-based reminders are possible thanks to Siri. Rather than saying "Siri, let me know to call my job at 5pm." You can now say "Siri, tell me to call my job when I arrive home." The iphone will recognize when you reach home and remind you to perform your task. You can still have your reminder even though you can't predict when you will get home.
When using Safari, making phone calls is as easy as just one tap on the screen. For instance, imagine you are looking for a dry cleaner online. When you locate the number, you do not have to type it in to call the business. Simply tap the number you see on the screen and instantly it dials the business you are trying to connect to.
An "x" Out Option Appears, As You Can Simply Neglect This.
Websites that you visit frequently can easily be turned into an app. Start by going to the website. Once you are on the website, just hit the "Go" button. This gives you the ability to put this site on your home screen. You can have your own app once you rename it.
Use your iphone to download yourself an app that enables you to upload any files you want onto your phone, this way you can use your iphone as a file storage device. You can use your phone for many applications like image and video uploads, file uploads and music downloads. You just connect your iphone to your computer and transfer your files from your computer to your iphone.
You can use the cord of your headphones to take an iphone photo. First, set up your picture. Simply push the volume button on the headphone cord. This is how you snap the photo. You can now save your picture as you would normally.
There are different ways that you can improve how fast your messages are created. You can dismiss a suggested word by tapping elsewhere on your screen. An "X" out option appears, as you can simply neglect this.
Knowing how to use your iphone will make you feel more comfortable with the device. Now you can stay in touch with everyone all the time! Utilize the information found in this article to fully use your iphone.


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Cool Parisian inspired OOTD ft. Calvin Klein Sports Bra, Princess Polly Belt, Glassons White Mesh Dress, H&M Leather Skirt, Christian Paul Sydney Watch, Pandora Bracelet
This OOTD is probably one of my favourites ever. Every independent piece is unique and classy, and all of them go together seamlessly. Wearing this outfit reminded me of Paris (hence the name). It made me think of the City's gloomy weather, busy streets and effortless & monochromatic palette the Parisian girls are so famously known for wearing.
I put this together with the focus being sophistication with a hint of laziness and I'd love to know what you guys think!


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Every waking moment should be new enough to not matter to recording of time. When it comes to resolutions, I have none. I am perfectly fine with all my valor, vanity and vice or lack there of. I had a great night of sleep and I have a home filled with family. If I was any better or worse, I wouldn't be able to stand it, so without resolution, but with gratitude I wish all good fortune about the discovery of their own ordinary perceptional state of being with an accepting, non averting, peaceful presence. I don't wish for much these days or hope for much. It doesn't mean that I don't desire peace for the world and others. I just understand that this desire is folly without action within my own relationship to my own daily experience of reality. It is the only way that I know how to free my conscience of the miseries of the world beyond my daily hands on experiencing. To be able to write, wash dishes, and breath with peace and contentment, I must use ignorance against what lies beyond this moment and field of physical perspective. Why I write this shit? I just don't know for certain. It helps me, so that is plenty enough for me to continue til it stops helping, or becomes a burden.
I do want to thank those that have visited this blog. I don't really pay much attention to the amount of views anymore. The pressure of much and little have been let go. This doesn't leave me without gratitude for the views though and time spent by others that visit. With agape love, I thank you.
Gavin Davenport is an English Traditional Folk Musician. I come across him last week while researching John Martyn. I enjoy Gavin's newness to my ears. The old becomes new when it grows old enough.
I said to my soul, be still, and wait without hope
For hope would be hope for the wrong thing; wait without love
For love would be love of the wrong thing; there is yet faith
but the faith and the love and the hope are all in the waiting.
Wait without thought, for you are not ready for thought:
So the darkness shall be the light and the stillness, the dancing.


text:
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