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I want your feedback on this second draft of the amendment application to create an agency tasked with enforcing the Constitution on the Federal government. This State's application for amendment fixes the problem of out of control Federal government by splitting the Supreme Court into a Federal Court and a Constitutional Court, and empowering the Constitutional Court to enforce the Constitution on the Federal government. You may leave comments in the comment section of this web site, or you may email me directly at email@example.com.
See my notes in the comments. If you entered this site on the main page, I suggest clicking on the post link over there on the right to get only this draft in your browser, otherwise you might have problems finding the bottom of the document.
State Application for a Convention to Amend the Constitution of the United States per Article V of the Constitution
I. Theory of Law
When the Framers were completing their draft of the Constitution of the United States of America, they were open about the fact that the Constitution was incomplete and subject to abuse. Some, such as George Mason, were certain that the Constitution's structure would inevitably lead to the Federal government becoming a tyranny. So the Framers wisely provided not just one but two devices through which future generations would have the duty and honor of improving their work. They established a congressional amendment process to allow the Federal government to make changes to the form of government to better fulfill its duty to serve the purposes of the citizens. And they established a State's amendment process so the citizens could make needed changes to their Constitution with the support of their respective State governments in the event that Congress could not or would not make those changes.
The Framers constructed the US Constitution as a liberal constitution. A liberal constitution is a contract held freely between citizens to establish a government. As with all contracts between free people, a liberal constitution is made freely, voided freely, modified freely and retained freely with all power of choice in those matters resting ultimately with the citizens and no other party. When such a contract ceases to serve the purposes of free citizens, the citizens are right to modify or even end the contract, retaining only their shared obligations to outside parties which were made under the contract.
The citizens of this State recognize that free people must not change their constitution for "light and transient causes." The peace and happiness of the citizens of any state or nation depend greatly on the stability of their government. When necessary changes are made to a constitution those changes must not be attempts to control or manipulate their fellow citizens, because attempting to do so denies the citizens their God given right of liberty. Change, when it is proper, addresses only the good purposes, limits and organization of government, and the citizens' obligations to support that government. When good purposes of liberal government are not being fulfilled or good limits placed on government are routinely violated because government is organized in such a way that it can not or will not fulfill its purposes and respect its limits, free citizens are right to make necessary changes to the organization of their government.
The citizens of this State give notice to the Congress of the United States of America that the Federal government is not performing the good purposes stated in the United States Constitution; that the Federal government routinely exceeds the good limits in the United States Constitution; and that the ultimate cause for the lack of performance and the excesses of the Federal government are found in the construction of the Federal government. For those reasons, in keeping with the terms set in Article V of the United States Constitution, the citizens of this State seek to repair our form of national government.
Some might misconstrue this application as a condemnation of the many fine people working in the Federal government. This application is an acknowledgement that the Federal government was organized by the people's document, the Constitution, in such a way that not only invites abuse, but almost necessitates it, as a great many of the fine people working in government can illustrate with numerous specific examples. This application is an effort to correct the primary structural flaw in the organization of the Federal government, not an attempt to blame any persons for its many problems. Through this application, the people accept our responsibility for correcting the primary problem in our document; the problem being found in the structure of government which is the lack of sufficient enforcement and oversight of the US Constitution with respect to the operation of the Federal government.
II. The Facts Applied to the Theory of Law
The citizens of this State present the following facts which, though neither complete nor detailed, are sufficient to illustrate the results of critical problem of the inability of the Federal government to perform its duties. Each illustration points to the fact that the terms of the Constitution are not being sufficiently enforced:
The Federal government enriches one generation, running up an obscene debt of trillions of dollars, charging the repayment to successive generations who not only have no right to vote, but many have not even entered the womb.
The Constitution permits Congress to take money from the citizens as taxes to support the "general welfare" of the citizens. The term "general welfare" in the Constitution is a generic reference to government powers defined explicitly in the Constitution. It was never intended to be a grant of permission to Congress to spend money on anything and everything Congress deems the "general welfare." Yet Congress in a gross, blatant, and intentional misinterpretation of this phrase pretends that it is empowered to take and spend all the citizen's money it wants in the name of supporting the "general welfare."
The Federal government has run for years without a necessary and proper budget, choosing instead to devote its energies to practicing endless factionalism. Such is the inability of the Federal government to use due process when managing the people's finances.
The Constitution gives to Congress and no other persons the power to declare war. But the War Powers Act gives the President the power to execute war as recognized by the actions of war. The members of Congress, recognizing that their approval of acts of war can be held against them at election time, have delegated their right power to the Executive for the purpose of their own political expedience.
The Constitution requires that only Congress regulate money. Yet Congress has dispensed of this obligation, assigning its duty to commercial bankers.
The Constitution requires that States use only gold and silver as legal tender, but no State does so. The Federal government has made paper money legal tender contrary to the writing in the Constitution.
The Constitution allows only Congress to make Federal laws. Yet the Federal Court routinely make laws, sometimes in conflict with the letter and intent of the Constitution. Once precedence is established, the bad laws created by the Court are very difficult to undo.
The Constitution permits the President to make orders necessary to execute directives from Congress. The President routinely makes laws as recognized by their effects under the guise of executive orders, thereby circumventing the legislative power of Congress.
The Federal government is in a continual state of expansion of regulations. It seems to desire to regulate every object in every person's household. It even insists it has the right to regulate the air in every breath we breathe, the water in every drop we drink, and the earth under every step we take.
When war is fought, government is obliged to declare war, and attempt to win, or if it cannot, to remove itself and make any proper reparations. Yet, the Federal government in Korea and Vietnam involved us in undeclared wars as recognized by the actions of war, and spilled the blood of young soldiers without being clear about the purposes of the war and without attempting to win.
The balance of powers was intended to reduce the severity of violation of the obligations and limits of the Constitution. But when the branches of government find it mutually beneficial to ignore those obligations and limits, they occasionally collude to do so.
Elected officers are meant to represent the citizens in a fair and balanced way. Yet, the practice of accepting bribes openly in the form of campaign donations leads to influence of legislation that favors the wealthy at the expense of those of modest means.
Congress passes laws without giving the legislators sufficient time to read and understand them. This is not due process, yet the laws stand.
Congress passes laws based on "horse trading" for votes on bills, so a great many laws are not passed because of merit. They are passed for the purposes of political expedience and advantage of the legislators. Many laws are proposed, not for the purpose of the law, but for the purpose of political gamesmanship. The politicians, not the people, are being served by these actions. Such laws are not "necessary and proper," yet the people are still subject to those laws.
Congress regularly and intentionally lies to the public with regard to the increasing of taxes, calling changes in taxes decreases, when they are actually increasing taxes.
Congress applies endless techniques to hide taxes from citizens, so that most citizens are unaware of the amount of taxes they pay to the Federal government.
The Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate commerce to establish an even playing field in trade practices between States. Yet, Congress knowingly abuses this power, giving to itself an alien right to regulate in any way any and all items simply because they cross a State line.
When apportioning congressional districts, the dominant political parties draw the district borders in such a way that they help secure the continued dominance of that party in a political practice called "gerrymandering." This creates an unfair and unbalanced political playing field that gives preference to the desires of the politically powerful instead of the needs of the citizens.
The Constitution establishes the election cycle with the intent of preventing the creation of bad laws and actions by giving the citizens the power to remove bad officeholders. But when the bad officeholder creates bad laws and actions, and the voters replace the bad officeholder with a new officeholder, the bad laws and actions remain in place. The bad laws are not undone. Over time, the bad laws and actions accumulate and become instruments of abuse by all officeholders.
The Constitution assigns the duty of enforcing the constitutional limits and obligations of government on government to the Court. But the Court is the creation of the Legislature and Executive. In essence, the criminals appoint their own judges, as well as operate the various departments of justice.
The Constitution gives only Congress the power of impeachment. But when Congress abuses power in gross ways, and the President colludes and supports the abuses, Congress will not impeach the President for committing the miserable acts they were a party to. Only the citizens, in next election cycle, can remove the abusive President from office. And the acts committed remain in place after the next President is elected.
This handful of examples is only a partial illustration of how ineffective and abusive the Federal government has become. A detailed list of complaints would require at least a small book to cover fully. These illustrations are sufficient to represent the necessity and urgency of making deep reforms.
III. Request for Judgment and Reparations
For the reasons illustrated by the above and more, the citizens of this State seek to modify the form of the United States government to correct the cause of those failures.
The cause of the Federal abuse was known during drafting of the original Constitution. The Constitution lacks sufficient enforcement of its limits and obligations. The Framers gave the Federal Government the positive powers of making laws, enforcing laws, negotiating with other nations on behalf of the States, and collecting taxes, but they also made that same body responsible for ensuring that it did not abuse its powers. In effect they put the thieves in charge of enforcing the law on themselves. Such an arrangement must end in corruption and tyranny.
The more than 230 years of United States history have proved that the established instruments of limiting the Federal Government do not work. The citizens have used lawsuits against the government. We continually vote bad office holders out of office. The balance of powers is weakened by acts of collusion between the Legislature, Executive, and the Court. The Court, where the power of enforcement of the Constitution should lie, is a creation of the Legislature and Executive so that, in effect, two gangs of thieves are in charge of appointing their judges as well as running the law enforcement offices. Despite the use of traditional instruments to keep the government proper, the corruption in government continues to grow. The demonstrated inability of instruments of governmental control gives us cause to seek a more effective way to address Federal non-performance and impede excesses.
For those reasons, in keeping with Article V of the Constitution and the intent of the Framers, in the name of the State's good citizens, this State sends this application for amendment to the Constitution to the Congress of the United States of America, and reminds Congress of its duty to call for a Constitutional Convention to amend the Constitution of the United States of America if two-thirds of the States apply likewise.
Because the flaw in the Constitution has negatively affected the integrity of the Federal Legislature, which is one of the two sources in Article V for amending the Constitution, the citizens of this State have no choice but to require the alternative, the Constitutional Amendment Convention, to amend the Constitution.
This State condemns any efforts by the Federal Legislature to pursue any purpose similar to those set in this application, because this State will not have, in effect, the thieves making "improvements" to the justice system after being caught stealing. Today's Congresses is famous for its prodigious ability and willingness to exercise legal slight of hand, so Congress is poorly suited to this task.
This State recognizes that, as a practical matter, before the citizens can require and approve a call for an amendment, the character of the amendment, as well as the process for creating it and implementing it, must be defined in enough detail to give the citizens sufficient cause to require and approve it; and it must be solidified enough in its form that the citizens will not doubt that the amendment's purposes and processes that they have required and approved will be implemented without variation. Reasonable people will not support something vague and uncertain that could have profound effects on their lives, their freedom and their happiness. To ensure the trust and confidence of the citizens of this State in this most serious of national matters, this State requires that all of the processes described in this application and only the processes described in this application be followed exactly and that all of the purposes described in this application, and only the purposes described in this application be fulfilled by the members of Congress, the States and the Conventions. If the processes are not followed exactly, or alternate purposes are attempted, or the processes or purposes are incomplete the members of this State's legislature require themselves by law, subject to penalty, to decline the proposed amendment.
To ensure our citizens that the State legislature will not undermine the people's good faith in government, this State shall bind by law the promises of the State legislature found in this application. To that end, this State shall hold any member of State government who attempts to knowingly ignore the promises made by this State in this application to be in contempt of this State. This State charges its police to with arrest for trial any member of State government who reneges on these promises. This State charges its judiciary to try such persons for crimes against the State. The crime shall be equivalent to espionage against the State. No pardons may be given to any tried person if found guilty. Because of the seriousness of the business at hand, the punishment if found guilty shall be ten years in prison.
Article V allows Congress choose a State convention process to give a final vote of approval or disapproval for ratification of the amendment. A State convention must be a citizen's convention, completely separate from the State legislatures, otherwise the same legislature that would approve or disapprove the amendment directly would be able to approve or disapprove it indirectly by manipulating the State convention. Therefore, to minimize opportunities for manipulation by the State legislatures, this application must define how the possible State conventions will be organized and run. This will serve the purpose of Article V of giving Congress the choice of using State conventions or legislatures to vote on the amendment in case Congress doubts the properness of having the State legislatures vote on ratification.
This State considers this application to be valid for 25 years from the date of its signing. If this State elects to approve the proposed amendment, this State may not rescind its decision. This State recognizes that no limitations of time may be applied by the Federal government. If two-thirds of all States submit this same application in 25 years, and the appropriate members of the Federal government refuse to act in accordance with Article V, this State considers that inaction to be intentional interference with the duties of the officers of this State, and as such, may be justicable by this State. In the event that Congress knowingly neglects its Constitutional duty, this State shall notify its Congressional representatives that it is proceeding with the Convention without the convenience of support from Congress in collecting applications and calling for a Convention, and that when two-thirds of the State legislatures compare their applications and unanimously determine and declare that they are the same, this State shall consider the Convention called.
IV. Proposal
The legislature of this State shall only vote "Yes" to approve the proposed amendment only if it meets the following requirements and no others. The Amendment shall do the following:
- Split the Supreme Court into a Federal Court and Constitutional Court.
- Remove the Constitutional Court from the domain of the Federal government.
- Make the Constitutional Court an employee of the citizens with fiduciary duty to the citizens instead of the Federal government.
- Have the citizens set the Constitutional Court's budget.
- Have the citizens determine the Constitutional Court's general rules for operating.
- Have the citizens appoint and remove the head of the Constitutional Court at will through their State legislatures. Require that 55% of all State legislatures submit an application saying simply that the State requests a recall election of the named President of the Constitutional Court. Have Congress, in a clerical role, receive the applications and call a national recall election for the President of the Constitutional Court, and do so with fourteen days of receiving the determining application. Failure by members of Congress to act appropriately will be justicable by any State as an offense against that State.
- Have the Federal government collect the Constitutional Court's finances through the Federal tax system.
- In the event of a recall election, require the States to hold the election within 60 days of the final State's request for recall.
- Require a citizen's vote to determine whether the President of the Constitutional Court is recalled. Require a 60% majority to recall.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to adjudicate on Constitutional issues only.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to impeach federal office holders.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to proactively address violations of the limits of the Constitution by the Federal government and its office holders.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to proactively address abuses of the Constitution by citizens who attempt to create an unbalanced playing field by such as acts as bribery of office holders.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to arrest and try persons for abuses of the Constitution.
- Empower the Constitutional Court to void laws of Congress and acts of the Chief Executive without need of lawsuits.
- Establish the Federal Court as an organ of Federal government, continuing the role of the current Federal courts with respect to Federal legislation.
- Empower the Federal Court to adjudicate on Congressional legislation and Executive acts only.
- Deny immunity to all persons found guilty of a crime by the Constitutional Court without exceptions.
- Require as an additional security, a national vote of the citizens before this proposed Amendment can be approved. Require only a majority vote of the citizens for approval.
- Forbid all persons from interfering with the Constitutional Court. Forbid Congress from making any law or amendment affecting or altering the Constitutional Court.
- Sustains the legitimacy of existing laws and actions until such time as they may be reversed by the Constitutional Court. Require a public referendum ballot for approval of all reversals.
- Permit the Constitutional Court to direct employees of government to act in accordance with the Constitution subject to impeachment, and possible arrest and penalty, if they fail.
- Forbid the Constitutional Court from pursuing penal actions against all persons for acts committed prior to the Court becoming operational.
- Require a written contract, separate from the Constitution, for the citizens to form and order the Constitutional Court. This proposed amendment may not define any terms of the new contract except for the fact that it exists, and it is held and controlled by the citizens, and that the amendment empowers the Constitution Court to exercise powers over the Federal government as defined in this amendment.
- Require the Federal government to try persons attempting become office holder in the Constitutional Court using intentional misrepresentation.
V. Procedure
The legislature of this State shall only vote "Yes" to approve the proposed amendment if the following procedures are followed and no others. This State disapproves this proposed amendment if any variation is made in these procedures. Any attempts to intentionally vary from these procedures with the intent to force the disapproval of the amendment shall be considered a high crime against this State. This State shall not consider such criminal acts a cause for disapproval. This State shall arrest and try any persons attempting to sabotage this State's application process. The minimum sentence for attempting to sabotage this process shall be 10 years in prison without possibility of parole, immunity or pardon.
The process for creating the Amendment shall be as follows:
1. This State submits this application to Congress. One copy shall be given to the Speaker of the House. One copy shall be given to the president pro-tempore of the Senate.
2. Congress shall, if two thirds of the US States submit an application which is identical verbatim to this application less State name, Secretarial signature and seal, and signing date, acknowledge that the people of the United States of America have initiated the Constitutional Amendment Convention process per Article V of the Constitution by applying for a Convention. Congress shall call for the Convention within two weeks after two thirds of all US States submit this application within a 25 year period.
If Congress fails in this duty, the applying State legislatures may compare their applications and if the applying State legislatures say unanimously that they recognize that applications are identical, less State name, signatures and dates, this State shall notify its Congressional representatives that Congress is in contempt of the Constitution, and this State shall call for the Convention itself.
4. Within 30 days of the call for Convention, each legislature of each State and each district or territory of voting US citizens shall select two delegates to attend the Convention. No State, district, or territory is required to send delegates to the Convention. Each State's convention delegate shall receive a stipend of an amount set by the State's Governor.
5. Within 60 days of the call for Convention, each State shall select State delegates for the possible State convention in the event that a State convention is used to decide on the proposed amendment. The voters in each county, or equivalent, shall elect two delegates, and one backup delegate in case one of the primary delegates cannot attend. The candidate receiving the most votes and the second most votes shall be the county's delegates. The candidate receiving the third amount of votes shall be the backup delegate. The State convention shall be valid if two or three of any county's delegates cannot attend. The State convention delegates shall receive a stipend of an amount set by the Governor.
6. The Governors of the States shall arrange the Amendment Convention, to occur within 90 days of the submission of this application by two-thirds of the States. The arrangement supported by the majority of Governors sixty days after the call for Convention shall be the arrangement for the Convention.
7. The Amendment Convention may not begin until the delegates for the possible State conventions are selected.
8. The Convention shall complete the draft of the proposed amendment and submit it to Congress. One copy shall be given to the Speaker of the House. One copy shall be given to the president pro-tempore of the Senate. The Convention shall produce a draft of the initial contract for the new Constitutional Court. The Convention shall produce a detailed plan for putting the new Courts into operation. The Conventional shall set the date for the citizens' balloting. The delegates are at liberty to establish protocols for completing the drafts of the amendment and of the initial Court rules and of the implementation plans. The delegates shall choose a Secretary whose signature shall bind the document. The Secretary's signature shall indicate the completion of the proposal. No deadline for completing these documents may be set. No limits may be set for topics of discussion.
9. This State binds its delegates by law under punishment of five years in prison for failure to perform their duty to this State, to only approve of a proposed amendment if they know it meets the condition of this application and requires the delegates to approve proposed amendments that meet the conditions of this application. An exception will be granted if the delegates of the Convention determine and affirm by majority vote that the conditions in this application will damage the rights of the citizens of the United States beyond the benefits of repairing the Constitution based on the requirements of this application.
10. Employees of the Federal government shall not act in any way to influence the outcome of the Convention. To do so will be a high crime against this State, and may be justicable by this State. No employee of the Federal government or their representatives may participate in the Convention in any way. Legislators, judges and members of the executive branch are considered employees of the Federal government.
11. This State considers any attempt by any person to sway its delegate to the Convention using anything except reasoned argument as a crime against this State justicable by this State. The Governors shall provide for all of the needs of the delegates so that gifts such as motel rooms, meals, etc. are not provided to the delegates.
12. Upon its completion, the Secretary of the Convention shall sign and date the proposed amendment. Before the passing of four days, the Secretary shall submit the proposal to Congress.
13. Within three weeks after Congress receives the proposal, Congress shall submit it for approval to either the State legislatures or to State conventions per Article V. Because the application process assumes that Congress and the Supreme Court are biased, this State considers any judgement by Congress or the Court that this application is invalid as advisory and not authoritative. This is a well considered action of the people through their State exercising their God given right to repair their form of national government.
14. This State legislature requires its members to vote "no" for this proposed amendment if a preliminary affirmative decision is not first made by a majority vote of the US citizens. The citizen's vote shall be held on a given date within 120 to 240 days after the Secretary signs the proposal. The Convention shall set the date. No State is required to hold a citizen's election. If the majority of the citizens voting in the citizen's election do not approve of the proposal, the members of this State's legislature, under penalty of law, shall vote "no" for the proposed amendment.
15. If Congress submits the proposed amendment to a State convention for approval, this State's Governor shall arrange for the convention. To prevent the kinds of abuses that occur when politicians draw political maps, each State's convention districts shall be its counties, or equivalent. The Governor and each State convention must make efforts to insulate itself from machinations of the State legislature and may produce reviewable documentation of the measures they took. This State shall treat any attempted machinations by employees of the State or Federal government to influence the outcome of the State convention as a criminal act against the State punishable by five years imprisonment. No State or Federal government employee may be a State convention delegate. Each State convention shall last fourteen days. Each State convention shall begin with the election of a secretary. The State convention shall have approved the amendment only if at the end of fourteen days the secretary determines that the majority of the delegates approve the proposed amendment. The Secretary shall give the results of the convention to Congress to tally. Attempts of fraud by the secretary or the delegates shall be punishable by the State by five years imprisonment. For the purpose of amendment approval, fraud must be determined by the State legislature within one month of the closing of the State convention. If a State legislature determines that the fraud may have been sufficient to alter the outcome of the State convention, the State shall hold a repeat of the convention without the offending members present and with two weeks of verification. If the repeated convention is fraudulent also, the process shall repeat until a non-fraudulent convention makes its decision and two weeks for verification have passed. The proposed amendment may not be accepted into the Constitution until the verification time has passed after the last non-fraudulent State convention results are returned, unless the results of any outstanding repeated State conventions will not affect the decision by the States.
16. If Congress submits the proposal to the State legislature, the State legislature shall vote within 61 days of the closing of the final polls of the US citizen's election. The members of the State legislature shall base their votes only on whether the proposed amendment meets the requirements described in this application, and on whether the procedures described in this document have been followed, and on nothing else. Each legislator voting "No" must publicly state which requirement has not been fulfilled, or which part of the end product is outside the scope of the requirements. Voting for any reason other than requirements and processes shall be a crime against the State as discussed previously in this application.
VI. Example of the initial rules for the Constitutional Court.
Just as the Constitution is a type of contract, made and kept by the people to have a government, so does the Constitutional Court need a contract defining the limits, duties, powers and structure of the Constitutional Court. Over time the people will improve the rules to bring about more effective operation of the office.
The following set of rules are illustrative and non-binding. These are not intended to be a draft of the initial contract of the Constitutional Court. Rather, this section is advisory. It is intended to help minimize the veil of uncertainty on this subject, by providing examples of the kinds of rules the citizens may expect the Amendment Convention to produce and write into the contract.
- The people shall elect a new President of the Constitutional Court after the President resigns, or is removal from office by the people, or leaves office by any other means. The election shall be held within 60 days of the President leaving office.
- The President of the Constitutional Court shall appoint seven Justices. One shall be Chief Justice. Congress shall recommend two Justices. The US President shall recommend two Justices. The President of the Constitutional Court shall accept those recommended Justices at his or her discretion or select other Justices. The President of the Constitutional Court shall give preference to the recommended Justices.
- The President of the Constitutional Court shall appoint and remove Justices at will.
- To keep the citizen's election processes as simple as possible, the President of the Constitutional Court shall submit a budget to the citizens every two years for the citizens to vote on at the time of the elections of the Federal House of Representatives. The President of the Constitutional Court's budget shall be identical to the previous budget. Only the proportions of the disbursement of funds between the Court's internal offices may change. The citizens shall have elective options to increase or decrease the budget in increments of 5% up to doubling the size of the budget or reducing it down as low as 5% of the budget. The average of the citizen's election shall be the change in the budget accurate to six decimal places. The Constitutional Court may not have deficits. Surpluses must be applied to the following biannual budget, reducing the amount to tax owed by the citizens.
- The President of the Constitutional Court shall accept proposals from the States legislatures for changes to the Constitutional Court's contract biannually with the budget request for the citizens' vote. The President of the Constitutional Court shall be at liberty to submit any proposal. If 10% of the State Legislatures send a common proposal to the President of the Constitutional Court , the President of the Constitutional Court must submit the proposed rule change for the citizens' vote. All contract changes must be approved by the majority of the citizens voting.
- The Constitutional Court shall receive all complaints from citizens concerning the Federal government's violations of the citizen's rights, and shall hear as many of those complaints as possible as permitted by the Court 's budget.
- The Constitutional Court shall have an investigative bureau to police intentional violations of the Constitution by office holders and citizens. Violations shall include but are not limited to crimes such as bribery and intentional violations of the Constitution by government office holders.
- To prevent bribery of candidates for the office of President of the Constitutional Court, Candidates shall not receive campaign money from identifiable persons. Candidates must accept all donations through a clearinghouse with rules for keeping the identities of donators secret. The act of donating money to candidates' campaigns in a manner that reveals the identity of the donator to the candidate shall be considered bribery of a public official and may be justiciable by any State as an offense against that State.
- No Constitutional Court Justice may serve on the Court after reaching the natural age of 75.
- The President of the Constitutional Court must be a United States citizen who did not spend more than nine consecutive months living outside of the United States borders, or more than two years total living outside the United States borders between the ages of three and eighteen. For these purposes, the United States borders shall be the borders of the States. Time outside the United States borders by persons who were children of persons serving in US consulates and attending US schools attached to those consulates is not counted as absence.
- Before being considered for the office of President of the Constitutional Court or for Justice, of the Constitutional Court candidates must present for public examination proof of citizenship, and must present full relevant historical information such as employment history, military history, educational transcripts and other relevant adult writings and adult actions for public scrutiny. Intentional withholding or other misrepresentations are cause for immediate dismissal from office, and for Federal criminal charges against the office holder.
- No person may serve as President of the Constitutional Court if they share a parent, grand parent or great grand parent of a previous President of the Court, or if they are a descendant of a previous President of the Court. Parentage for this purpose is established as six total months of child rearing after the age of three.
VII. Advice
This Advice section of this proposal is non-binding and intended to be advisory only. This is not part of the proposal. States may modify this section at will without affecting the proposal as long as the text does not attempt to affect the proposal.
1. This Constitutional Amendment Convention was anticipated by the Framers of the Constitution. The Framers understood that their document was incomplete and that the citizens would eventually need to do some finishing work. They provided not just one, but two mechanisms for proposing corrections to those flaws when the citizens would find it necessary or beneficial to do so. They provided a Federal mechanism for proposing amendments to the Constitution, and a citizen's mechanism for proposing necessary amendments to the Constitution in case the Federal government could not or would not do so. They provided a State legislative process for approving the proposed amendments. They provided a citizen's process for approval that permits the citizens to vote in case Congress considered a vote by the State legislatures undesirable.
The Framers did not specify many details of the citizen's amendment process except that it requires 1) an application of indefinite form from two thirds of the States, 2) Congress formally acknowledge the application by calling for a Convention to propose the amendment, 3) after the Convention proposes the amendment Congress selects either the State legislatures or State conventions to approve or disapprove the proposed amendment, 4) the State convention is of indefinite form, and 5) three fourths of the bodies selected by Congress approve the proposed amendment. The Constitution does not forbid a prescribed form of application, therefore it is allowed. The Constitution does not define the form of the amendment convention or its process, so all forms and processes are allowed. The Constitution does not define the form and processes of the States' approval conventions, so all form and processes are permitted. In short, they left the door open for the people to do what we thought wise to implement necessary amendments.
2. The Framers understood the general cause of the problem of government that is being addressed in this application. A brief sampling of a few of the Federalist Papers illustrates this.
In Federalist No. 48 the author notes this about the balance of powers:
"The conclusion which I am warranted in drawing from these observations is, that a mere demarcation on parchment of the constitutional limits of the several departments, is not a sufficient guard against those encroachments which lead to a tyrannical concentration of all the powers of government in the same hands."
In No. 49 the author, in discussing why we have fixed election cycles instead of elections held "occasionally," meaning only when necessary, concludes:
"The PASSIONS, therefore, not the REASON, of the public would sit in judgment. But it is the reason, alone, of the public, that ought to control and regulate the government. The passions ought to be controlled and regulated by the government. We found in the last paper, that mere declarations in the written constitution are not sufficient to restrain the several departments within their legal rights. It appears in this, that occasional appeals to the people would be neither a proper nor an effectual provision for that purpose."
In No. 10 the author notes that democracy is a self destructive form of government. He describes the end results of democracy:
"Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths."
Taken together, No. 10 and No. 49 remind us that public election is insufficient for enforcing the constitutional limits and obligations on government, and a dependence on public election would likely lead to disastrous results.
In No. 50 the author discusses directly the problem of controlling government. He discusses one failed model of enforcement that was tried in Pennsylvania. The politicians in that State formed a group called the Council of Censors. They tried to be their own enforcers of their state constitution, which was of course an unworkable process. He notes:
"This censorial body, therefore, proves at the same time, by its researches, the existence of the disease, and by its example, the inefficacy of the remedy."
In other words, he wrote, the government cannot enforce its limits on itself.
In No. 51 the author writes famously:
"If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. "
And there it is. At the very end of the quote the author says it. The Framers required the government to be the enforcer of the limits and duties imposed on itself. In essence, they put the criminals in charge of the justice system that was meant to restrain them.
Paper No. 48 demonstrates that the Framers understood that the balance of powers is inadequate to bring about enforcement of the Constitution. No. 10 and No. 49 illustrate the Framers familiarity with the weaknesses of the public election process. No. 50 illustrates that the Framers knew that government did poorly at enforcing its limits and its obligations on itself. Then No. 51 states that even though they were aware of the "inefficacy" of having government enforce its limits and obligations on itself, they went ahead and wrote the Constitution like that anyway. These Papers illustrate that some of the Framers were quite aware of the problem of using government to keep government under control.
George Mason and others had grave concerns that the government created by the Constitution would eventually end in tyranny. To help minimize the likelihood of such a government collapse they proposed and insisted that the Constitution provide a citizen's process to amend the Constitution in the event that the Federal government could not or would not make necessary changes to the form of government. The delegates at the Grand Convention recognized the virtue in Mason's proposal and not only did they vote to include the citizen's process for amending the Constitution, but they emphasized its importance by voting approval of the measure unanimously.
Without the people's process for amending the Constitution, it would be a tyrannical constitution, not a liberal constitution because it would deny the people the ability to exercise their ability to modify their contract for government at will. As a practical matter, reasonable people will not support a proposed amendment if its character is vague and its processes are not apparent and secured, preferably by law, which implies penalties for non-performance of duties. If the prescribed amendment convention were not permitted, the US would be in a state of tyranny.
The open amendment convention in which the convention can consider any and all proposals is permitted by Article V, but as a practical matter it will likely never enjoy the popular support of the people. In times of abusive government, reasonable people will not allow government to change their Constitution carte blanc. The open convention would probably be worse than the prodigal committee, which, when tasked with creating a horse, created a camel instead. For government to be completely corrupt the dominant political parties must be colluding to corrupt the government, in which case the corruption can easily reach to the State legislatures, so the convention process would likely be corrupted as well. The American people are not fools. We are predisposed to avoid the open convention because we see very little good coming from it. In better times the people would have very little reason to hold an amendment convention, and Congress would probably jump at the opportunity to put something positive into place.
3. By establishing a rule about what is bribery of a public official, this document sets the stage for the most important problem of campaign reform at all levels of government by defining bribery of a public official as donating capital to a candidate with the donator's identity known. Under this definition we are still free to express our opinions and to donate money to candidates as we wish. We just remove from ourselves the freedom to bribe public officials. The difficulty here is the problem of slanted journalism that supports one candidate. Can that be considered a campaign donation? Slanted journalism would be excessively hard to police, so perhaps it should be accepted as non-contributions.
4. This application can be placed in a legal wrapper and put through the State's proper processes for making laws. Through this mechanism the State can make the conditions in this document law, specifically the requirements that the State legislators disapprove non-conforming proposals. The proposed amendment will have powerful effects on the freedom of the people. If not implemented correctly, the amendment will have the most serious of negative consequences, so the requirement of imprisonment of State legislators for failing to perform their required duties in this task is not unreasonable.
If the States do not make those requirements law through the normal State process for making law, the application is still valid as an application. The State can still send the application to Congress. Congress can still make its call for Convention. The Convention can still produce its documents. The State legislatures or conventions can still vote to approve or disapprove the proposal. The procedures and requirements in Article V for making an amendment will have been fulfilled. The end product will be an amendment. However, because the Amendment Convention is of, by and for the people of the State, the State legislature will be in contempt of the citizens of the State. This is a matter internal to each State.
5. This application is written with awareness that it if put into operation, it will become a model for future applications. While the current Federal and State governments may not be so corrupt today as to necessitate such extreme actions as requiring State legislators to legally bind themselves to imprisonment for not voting a certain way on a certain issue in the future, a future application may have to address more severe conditions. So the final form of this application should be constructed so that the principles in it can apply to the more severe conditions. This way, if a more severe circumstance occurs, the people may refer to the precedents set in this first application as procedures for creating their application.
6. For this application, the Convention has to do some work figuring out issues other than the wording of the amendment. The Convention has to define how the amendment is to be put into operation. The Convention has to create a contract defining a new office. The analysis of both tasks may affect the final wording of the amendment, so the wording should be worked on while the other tasks are worked on. If the States proposed a pre-worded amendment with a fixed outcome for the Convention, there would be little practical purpose in holding the Convention. It would reduce the Convention's proposal to a symbolic clerical action. While could be in keeping with the writing of Article V technically, since Article V only requires a Convention to propose the amendment, not to create it, the reduction of role of the Convention would probably be contrary to the intents of the Framers. For this application, it is assumed that the States will select specialists for the Convention to work on the drafting and the implementation designs, and that all vested parties, Federal, State and citizen will be comforted by the fact that the integrity of Article V has not been weakened. The rule of law stands firm. The Constitution has been upheld.
7. The delegates for the State convention must be selected before the national Convention can begin its proceedings. This is necessary to prevent the selection of delegates from becoming a public referendum on the proposed amendment. The reason for having a convention is to exercise the republican principle of bringing experts together to make decisions instead of having the majority of voters make decisions. The democratic principle would be to vote on ratification based on popular election, which would be similar to designing the technical architectural details of a bridge based on public vote instead of the special knowledge of trained engineers and architects. If the delegates are selected after the proposal takes form, the selection of State convention delegates will be more of a democratic public vote on the proposal and less of a republican selection of qualified candidates.
The national Convention assumes that the republican principle is applied and that the delegates selected are persons with expertise in matters of governance. Because the delegates are assumed to be capable experts, the national Convention is given substantial leeway in deciding the processes for drafting the proposal and supporting documents.
8. This application appeals directly to the highest authority found in the God given rights of the good people of the United States of America, and the principles of "the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God," and to the wise and beneficial processes described in Article V of the US Constitution.
"Bad principles in a Govt. tho slow are sure in their operation and will gradually destroy it."
– James Madison's notes on the debates in the Grand Convention. June 18, 1787


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Plagiarism manifests in many ways. Amongst them is copy and paste, which is common; especially, from online sources (Jocoy, 2006). Other forms of plagiarizing include poor citation of sources, incorrect formatting, and paraphrasing. All these combined creates a bubble of unoriginal work. To cope with the levels of unoriginal work, teachers have no choice but to look for solutions to curb this unending trend. Use of manual detection is common, but in most cases, it's only a small percentage that is noticed. However, there are numerous commercially viable software that can be linked with browsers for the detection of plagiarism (Jocoy, 2006). These include turnitin.com (common among many online tutors), and EVE, plagiarisms. Although detection may not be the actual solution to cope with plagiarisms; including instructions in assessments may be a more effective way. Part of the assignments should not be grammar based, to improve on the originality of students. An example should be used, of open tests to gauge students on plagiarism knowledge.
As a future online instructor my efforts to curb plagiarism involves teaching students to appreciate educational intellect, acknowledge contributions from scholars, emphasizing on the development of existing knowledge, and avoiding violation of copyright rules (Jocoy & DiBiase, 2006). Furthermore, I will ensure that I assist students to understand and appreciate the essence of academic integrity so as to facilitate for student morality development. I will do this by giving explicit instructions concerning academic integrity that will help diminish any further cases of plagiarism. Finally, making it mandatory for students to check their content using the plagiarism detection software before submitting their assignments to the lecturer's website (Jocoy & DiBiase, 2006).
In conclusion, plagerism is a common thing. New software should ensure that uses of synonyms original, yet is quoting a source directly, it shall be detected. Proper communication between the instructor and student should be emphasized in the future to reduce the infraction levels. The measures put across to cope with plagiarism may not be 100% efficient, but they may be helpful in reduction and ensuring originality in papers written (Laureate Education, Inc. 2012).
Jocoy, C., & DiBiase, D. (2006). Plagiarism by adult learners online: A case study in detection
and remediation. International Review of Research in Open & Distance Learning, 7(1), 1–15.
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Plagiarism and cheating transcript.
Baltimore, MD: Author. Dr. Rena Palloff an Dr. Keith Pratt discuss effective methods for dealing with plagiarism in distance education.

subset: commoncrawl


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La-La-Lalalala!!! 😀
Its almost New Year.. and I reached a Milestone today!! 😀
1,000 Hits..!!! Yayyy!!!
Now whatt..??? Its no big deal..???
The degree with which my Idleness keeps rising day after day, A 100th post Milestone seems D-i-s-t-a-n-t..!
Although, I did want to celebrate My 100 Comments day, but that was sometime just after the Mumbai Attacks. So didn't feel like it!
But c'mon yaar!! If the K-Serials can run for 10 years (phew!) & celebrate, I can surely have a "1,000 Hits Blast!!" My Blog is far better than THOSE..!!
Umm..Is it, really..??
Oh of course it is!! Anything is better than the K-soaps, even Ekta Kapoor herself.. 😛
So, on this SpEcIaL day, I Welcome you to my Blog..!! 🙂 Roam about, Click here, Click there (also on the "Submit Comment" Tab 😉 ), Do this, Do that.. 😀 And yea check out my new Header as well.. ( you better be good about it, it was a PaiN making it..!)
And now,
Acknowledgements – I would like to Thank –
- My friends (even those who left after clicking & without commenting 😉 )
- All the Readers (both National & International)
- All the Commentators.
- All those browsers which hang every 5 mins, forcing people to open my page again & again.
- C'mon it increases the hit count 😛
- All the others!! 🙂
N.B. : For those who are wondering otherwise,
1. I ALWAYS log in as "Ambika" and NOT as a Visitor!!
2. WordPress doesn't count my visits.. Okay..??!! 😡
So, I sign off here.. in a jovial mood.. Im sure going to have my Favourite – Cold Coffee to celebrate the Day..!!! 😀
Cheers!! 😀


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Realm of The Alien by Chester Delray (Grafton Books, 1945)
Swarthyface by Norman Lazenby (Grafon Books, 1945)
Two wonderful little books from Eire's Grafton publishers (on off shoot of The Monument Press) both published in 1945 and contain a healthy 64 pages a piece. These books are as rare as the Monarchy paying taxes.
Realm of the Alien has perhaps one of the classic 'bad covers' of any era, just look at the little satanic beast and tell me it doesn't put a smile on your face? well the baying alien mob trying to pop a cap in the yellow wearing fashion conscious crews ass, should at least bring out a the rumble of a smirk? no? then bollocks to you Mr and Mrs.
Moving on slowly we have the insanely titled Swarthyface, which means person of colour or dark complexion, hmmmmmmmmm. Well I opened the book at a random page were a dude was yelling at Smarthyface, something about looking like a big black ape with a Spanish accent. So having not delved into the delights of the book as of yet, it sounds like a could be a bit of a 'racey' yarn to say the least.
Reverse of both books, Realm of The Alien has a brief synopsis whilst Smarthyface dons a classic stop smoking add, very common in paperbacks and pulps of the 1940's/50's.


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Bloomberg Criticizes Shutdown Of PATH Station For Obama Visit
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg says trains between New York and New Jersey should not have been halted because President Barack Obama was in town.
Train service to and from the World Trade Center station was shut down for over three hours Thursday because of Obama's visit to the trade center.
Host John Gambling mentioned the shutdown during Bloomberg's weekly radio show on WOR Friday. Gambling said the Secret Service wanted the trains halted. Bloomberg seemed suprised at the shutdown and said, "Well, you don't have to say yes. This is our city."
Bloomberg noted that the MTA didn't stop the subways.
Port Authority spokesman Steve Coleman said that when dealing with the safety of the president and the first lady, the agency follows the recommendations of the Secret Service and its own police department. He said that's "not negotiable" and "just common sense."
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Historical Setting + Live Entertainment = Great Getaway
We invite you to bring the family to share in a day of living history, live entertainment and games. Come experience a 100+ years of African American history in the heart of California's Central Valley. Talk to our docents as you visit the historic homes and businesses, and learn about the families that started this historic town.
Old Time Jubilee
COME ONE, COME ALL, to the ALLENSWORTH OLD TIME JUBILEE. When the calendar turned to May, mothers, fathers and especially the children of Allensworth eagerly awaited the arrival of the carnival.


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There is something about news in India that reminds one of cuisine, the variety, the smells, the taste of anticipation. News per se is dull. It is official, comes in two-line capsules, is read as habit, and consumed and forgotten. I realise that political correctness demands that news be treated as sacrosanct, bankable like good currency, and like good currency it should circulate and establish the solidity of governance. But news in India, or many parts of India, is hardly like that.
People generally attack newspapers, and self-critical journalists, worried about the integrity of news, carry out a series of self-reprimands. Magazines like Frontline, concerned with professionalism, are in the forefront of such exercises. While correct and welcome, such efforts understand the nature of news but not of power.
News is monolithic and monochromatic. It is often like a party diktat. It is dull in the very moment of consumption. News, official news has the garb of governance but people in India know the official is not always true. News, they feel, should be like an areca nut, chewable, durable, transformable. News should be full of herbs, spices, full of gossip, rumour, suspicion and anticipation. We are still an oral society suspicious of the power of print. We feel power is secret and only opens to gossip.
There is a deeper reason for this. It is in the nature of power and politics. Our leaders – such as the late MG Ramachandran, NT Rama Rao, and Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa – are larger than life. They are soaked in myth and folklore. A citizen voter is first spectator, then fan, then believer, then fanatic. He needs to be obsessive. He wants governance to be transparent but knows wisely that power cannot be obvious. Power has to have mystique, distance, the promise of contiguity, the many layers of secrecy that demagogues more than democrats understand.
Not just a politician
Jayalalithaa is not a politician. She is a demagogue, a demigod, a leader, a charismatic figure; she is subject to scrutiny but surrounded by secrecy. She does not make news, she is news. When she falls ill, it is not doctors and her deputies who count. It is as if an ant hill rustles with the anticipation of things that are going to happen. In such a situation every man/woman becomes a consumer of information, a creator of one and even an interpreter.
In fact, I was recollecting a childhood game we were asked to play when things got too boisterous at home. It was called passing the message. All of us sat diligently in a circle and one of us whispered a message. By the time the message reached the last player, it would be distorted beyond recognition to the sheer delight of everyone. Childish wisdom made us realise that information grows with distortion.
Jayalalithaa's power politics is that childish information game played out in a large society. In a society where everyone feels close to power, without being contiguous, having a piece of information, a delectable piece of rumour makes one feel close to power. If prayer makes one feel close to god, rumour or gossip makes one feel close to power.
A Jayalalithaa without rumour and secrecy is powerless. A baroquised power system needs byzantine whorls of secrecy. Everyone wants to know someone close to power or a few removes from power. In fact, the phrases "contact hai?" and "inside information" are local currency. Everyone, from the flower-seller to the clerk, has his/her own personal line to Amma. Her power lies in that. Votes are only a secular, positivist index of her broader inroads into a whole world.
Rumours and prayers
As a wag and an expert on Jayalalithaa's politics put it, her health is also her wealth. It was a cynical but realistic understanding of the hyperbolic world of Jayalalithaa. Reports of ill-health will lead to an increase in crowds waiting for her, of prayers and rituals conducted in her honour. Party voices will articulate a deep concern for Amma while Opposition politicians will be wondering what new game she is playing. Concerns about her health become literally an informal referendum in support of her. She will rise recharged again. Jayalalithaa and her constant returns to power must be making the phoenix a tired bird.
Rumour, panic, gossip, fear surround the logic of Jayalalithaa's power. A populous leader does not operate on a linear, sanitised idea of power. Logic does not work for her. A politician like Jayalalithaa thrives on oxymorons. She embodies the impossible, the ridiculous, the byzantine.
A report on her ill-health will create a tsunamic drama ranging from epic to limerick. To reduce it to the antiseptic civics of professionalism and bureaucracy is futile. One needs a language beyond arid codes of modernity and rationality to understand it. Jayalalithaa's politics creates a commons of concern, an alliance of affections. To capture that in news is futile and impossible. The more secretive her doctors are, the greater the efflorescence of information about her. A political Jayalalithaa is only possible when rumour, gossip and secrecy are a way of life.


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Lauren Southern Banned from the U.K.
Posted on | March 12, 2018 | 1 Comment
Lauren Southern, a Canadian who became famous for challenging feminists in 2015, has been banned from Great Britain. She was detained by British immigration officials at the tunnel underneath the English Channel and prohibited from entering under an anti-terrorism provision, accused of "racism." The argument apparently used to justify this prohibition was not that Southern posed any actual terrorist threat, nor that she has actually expressed any racist views, but rather because she has associated with others accused of racism.
This is a disturbing trend. Five years ago, Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer were banned from the U.K. because apparently it is deemed "racist" to tell the truth about radical Islamic terrorism.
There was a famous British writer who warned about the Thought Police, but I suppose George Orwell would be banned from England now.
Canadian Conservative @Lauren_Southern detained at Calais trying to enter U.K. Truly #londonhasfallen – Lauren is recently returned from highlighting white genocide in South Africa. https://t.co/a0yKYYBDJb
— Katie Hopkins (@KTHopkins) March 12, 2018
Dear @AmberRuddHR – you have detained @Lauren_Southern in Calais and prevented her entering the U.K. She is a Christian Conservative. You have sided with Islamists of Luton. You need to make better decisions ma'am. pic.twitter.com/rpAgSEwLI3
— Katie Hopkins (@KTHopkins) March 12, 2018
They just locked me out and said "au revoir"… Officially banned from UK for "racism".. doing fine though, all the cool people are being banned anyway ?
Need to gather my thoughts and call family. Interrogation story is pretty crazy though. Will tell it soon. pic.twitter.com/mARtkyZKFm
— Lauren Southern (@Lauren_Southern) March 12, 2018
By the way, my friend Pete Da Tech Guy informs us that Anni Cyrus, an Iranian-born critic of Sharia Law, will speak Friday in Worcester, Mass. She would probably be banned from Britain, too.
UPDATE: Thanks to the commenter who pointed out the Conservative Treehouse post linking to a story at Gateway Pundit:
Austrian activist Martin Sellner of Génération Identitaire and his girlfriend, American author and YouTuber Brittany Pettibone, have been detained by airport police in England for nearly three days.
Nobody from the US State Department or embassy contacted Pettibone's family.
Sellner was on his way to give a speech that authorities say would cause "tension among local communities and possibly incite hatred."
No one is more dangerous than those who insist on telling the truth in an age of lies, as Orwell himself said.


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- Installs itself without permissions
- Connects to the internet without permission
- Shows commercial adverts
- Slow internet connection
- Annoying Pop-up's
- Slow Computer
MaCatteAntivirus, which is also called MaCatte Antivirus, MaCatte Antivirus 2009, MaCatteAntivirus2009, grants you the same protection as its predecessors. This rogue anti-spyware program enters into a computer while the user attempts to install a bogus Video ActiveX Codec. This malicious software tends to be advertised via online advertisements. The installation process begins at quite respectable websites, where the creators of these dubious applications, hackers, proceed to publish their forbidden content (forbidden or not approved by the publishers of these legitimate websites).
For instance, they may post an advertisement inviting the user to read particular breaking news. It has been found out that instead of reading the promised news, the unsuspecting user will be forced to get familiar with MaCatteAntivirus descriptions and are then coerced into downloading its trial version. Alternatively, MaCatteAntivirus is downloaded covertly, with the help of Trojan infections. It is recommended to remove MaCatteAntivirus and all its affiliated components, to ensure the safety of any PC system.
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Young readers have many options for books relating to fitness and good nutrition. Many of them are lighthearted and humorous, which can go a long way in capturing a child's interest. What toddler wouldn't enjoy hearing about a dog using a hula hoop? If your kindergartner wants to learn yoga, how about getting tips from Babar the Elephant? Slightly older kids may be amazed to learn how monsters make good food choices.
When looking for some "healthy" books for your child, check out these recommendations.


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Your Shawnee neighbors who have called on Extreme Roofing Solutions LLC have plenty to say about their great experience with us. No other roofing contractors Shawnee can match our combination of personal service and quality materials. Read for yourself what your neighbors are saying about Extreme Roofing Solutions LLC.
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KCLR NewsNews & Sport
Sod to turn on €10m investment in Inistioge water scheme
The major works as part Irish Water's 10 million euro investment in the Inistioge water supply get underway today.
From this morning until the 1st of December the Rock Road in Thomastown will be completely closed to traffic as the pipes that will bring the water from there over to Inistioge are being laid.
The road at Grennan Hill in Thomastown is also closed until close to the end of October.
Carlow/Kilkenny TD and Junior Minister John Paul Phelan will perform the official sod-turning on the project at the Salmon Pool Lounge in Thomastown this morning (10.30am).


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A poster on a board I infrequent posed the question "how do you figure out what to do with your life."
My first response was "@#$! if I know!", but something compelled me to answer more seriously & I didn't even really stop to think about what I was writing. I think I myself will need to be reminded of this part of my answer down the road, so am sharing it here!
…. I think life is a lot like sailing .. you can't always go right *at* your destination .. sometimes you need to have an idea of where you'd like to go and then the prevailing winds mean needing to tack to work your way towards it .. and sometimes conditions can capsize the boat & you gotta decide if you're gonna sink or swim, or right the boat & try again .. and sometimes when you get close to where you thought you wanted to be you find out it's not what you were expecting and you need to change course again .. but meanwhile, you have to enjoy the trip or else it's gonna be a lotta frustration and heartache ….
(and yes,there are other reasons why I may have fixated on a sailing metaphor, but we're not going to go there today! 🙂 )


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I bought a necklace to remember our baby. Number 38 can be crossed off the list. I bought it on Etsy and had his initial stamped on it. When it first came in, I thought it was pretty but isn't wasn't perfect. It didn't have the feeling I thought it would. Now after wearing it for one day, I realize my first impression was wrong. It's perfect. I felt so close to him wearing it today. I loved the little jingling noises it made when I moved sometimes. It reminded me I was wearing it and that reminded me of him. I love that it has a blue stone. He died in September so it's his "birth" stone. I love the pearl because it makes me think of an angel. I love that it's not super obvious what the necklace is. There is nothing that would cause anyone to ask why I'm wearing it but if you look closely you can see that the initial is not my initial. I love having a remembrance of him to carry around with me. I wish I had done this sooner.
10 Responses to "Necklace"
I love it very much. I am so glad you did this. I bought this necklace after the twins passed and I haven't gone a day without it. It's probably my favorite peice of jewelry besides my wedding ring.
I love that you can touch your necklace anytime and it gives you peace. I am happy you have that to help.
I remember getting a couple pieces of jewelry with Eliza's name on it and being worried that people would ask me and I'd have to tell my sad story… It's been over a year that I've worn her bracelet every single day, and no one has ever asked me about it. People who know me commented on it, but my anxiety about wearing it has totally gone away. Like you, I love wearing something that makes her feel close to me.
Living Our Life in Cycles March 25, 2012 at 4:43 pm #
That is just beautiful. I'm so glad you got something to keep close to you like that!
loveisblonde March 26, 2012 at 11:29 am #
I am so so happy that you bought this for yourself and that you love it so. I completely understand. I have people ask occasionally, and I'm getting better at telling them without choking up 🙂


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- Level: AS and A Level
- Subject: Science
- Word count: 3039
Role of the Biochemistry Department
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Unit 15 - Role of the Pathology Service Assignment 1 - The Biochemistry Department Role of the Biochemistry Department Clinical biochemistry (chemical pathology or clinical chemistry) is the area of pathology that analyses body fluids namely blood and urine. The biochemistry department uses analytical chemical tests to measure important biological chemicals in these fluids to help in the diagnosis and treatment of disease in patients. The Biochemistry Department carries out many types of blood tests. Blood contains a variety of cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. Dissolved in the plasma are many substances, such as electrolytes, nutrients, vitamins, clotting factors, hormones, enzymes and antibodies. Testing and measurement of these different substances help in the diagnoses of many diseases. For example, blood and urine glucose analysis can be used in the diagnoses of the disease diabetes. Measurement of blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels in patients with cardiovascular problems can help in the diagnoses of heart disease. Blood carries these substances to different parts of the body. By analysing its contents biochemists can help to assess the health of major organs or organ systems, including the heart, lungs and respiratory system. For example, blood tests can determine how well the liver, kidney and lungs are functioning and whether there is any infection or inflammation. Examples of How does the Biochemistry Department help with diagnosis of disease? a) Blood Glucose Tests Diabetes Mellitus is a disease where the body is unable to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood properly. It develops when the body no longer responds adequately (becomes resistant) to the natural hormone insulin, or when production of insulin is too low. The body needs insulin to help cells absorb glucose, where it is then converted into energy. ...read more.
Electrons are produced in this reaction and are transferred from the blood to the electrodes. The size of the resulting current is proportional to the concentration of glucose in the specimen and is converted to a blood glucose concentration value displayed on the monitor. c) Glucose Hexokinase BGMs Some BGMs use the reflectometric hexokinase method. When blood is applied to the reagent strip, glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate. This is later oxidized with concurrent reduction of NAD. The NADH formed is directly proportional to the amount of glucose present in the sample. Then the NADH, in the presence of another enzyme, reduces the dye and a coloured product is produced. When the test strip is inserted into the BGM, the photometer measures the light reflected and uses an algorithm to calculate the glucose concentration and displays the result. Equipment needed: Blood Glucose Monitor BGM compatible glucose test strip Lancet Test for Blood Glucose Two blood glucose tests should be carried out on the patient to measure: a) The fasting blood glucose level (blood collected after an 8 to 10 hour fast) b) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The patient must drink a glucose drink and another glucose test performed two hours after. To carry out the blood glucose test 1. Switch on the BGM. 2. Prick the patients fingertip with the lancet and squeeze to push out a drop of blood. 3. Touch the drop of blood to the reagent pad on the glucose test strip. Capillary action will draw the blood onto the pad. 4. Insert the glucose test strip into the BGM and wait for the glucose concentration reading. Blood Glucose Levels and Their Meanings High levels of glucose usually indicate diabetes but other diseases and conditions can also result in a raised blood glucose. ...read more.
Total cholesterol results and their meanings are shown in the following table: Total Blood Cholesterol (mg/dL) Meaning Less than 200 Desirable range -low risk of heart disease 200 to 239 Borderline-high- at fair risk of having heart disease. A lipid profile test will allow the doctor to know which cholesterol level is high - LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) or HDL (good cholesterol). Over 240 High cholesterol - at high risk of heart disease. Expect a lipid profiling test. Cholesterol lowering medication along with a low cholesterol diet will be prescribed. Abnormally high levels of blood cholesterol may indicate the following: � Atherosclerosis � Biliary cirrhosis, which is scarring and blockage of the bile ducts � diet high in cholesterol, saturated fats, calories, or transfats � Familial hyperlipidemia, a condition in which high blood lipids run in a family � Heart attack � High stress � Hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid gland � Lack of exercise � Nephritic syndrome, which is a kidney disease resulting in loss of protein in the urine � Overweight or obesity � Uncontrolled diabetes Abnormally low levels of cholesterol may indicate the following: � Hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid gland � Liver disease � Malabsorption or inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestines � Malnutrition There is some debate about whether very low cholesterol is bad. Low cholesterol is often seen when there is an existing problem like malnutrition, liver disease, or cancer. However there is no evidence that low cholesterol causes any of these problems. The Cholesterol test is not always used to diagnose or monitor a disease but is also used to estimate the risk of developing heart disease. High blood cholesterol has been associated with artery hardening, heart disease and an increased risk of heart attacks. Therefore, cholesterol testing is considered a routine part of preventive health care. ...read more.
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Thousands of dollars are pouring in help find a suspect in connection with two animals in Calgary that were found dead in an alley with their mouth taped shut.
A starved Siberian husky and dead cat were found in an alley a week apart from each other.
A local company, Vets To Go, has pledged a $5,000 reward for anyone who provides information that could lead to an arrest and started a fundraising campaign.
The reward crossed $44,000 on Sunday.
"It's just been extraordinary," said Vets To Go President Greg Habstritt to Metro News. "I think it speaks to the outrage people are feeling about this."
"It is heartwarming to see the response to these senseless acts," said one commenter on the campaign page.
The dog was found Jan. 9 in a southside neighbourhood and the Humane Society is trying to identify it.
Clear medical tape was used to keep the animal's mouth shut.
Investigators believe that may have led to the emaciated condition in which it was found.
The husky was so skinny when it died that its ribs could be seen clearly though its grey and white fur.
A Global Calgary news crew says that while reporting on the story, it also found a dead cat with its mouth muzzled in green painter's tape.
Brad Nichols, manager of the cruelty investigations section of the Calgary Humane Society, calls it an obvious case of intentional cruelty.
"We hope someone is able to identify the dog so we can ensure accountability for this cruel act and prevent future such acts," he said in a statement.
A candlelight vigil in memory of the animals is planned for Sunday.
With files from The Canadian Press
Also on HuffPost


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Sunday, July 22nd 7:30 AM
Join us for this Sunrise/breakfast run to support Veterans in Orchard Park. Runners will head up and down Webster Rd, and through the surrounding neighborhoods. We start and finish at the VFW Post at Webster's Corner. The first 150 to register are guaranteed a tee shirt, so register now to support the Vets!
Post race hot breakfast served!! Paula's Donuts, scrambled eggs, sausage, bagels, rolls, coffee, tea, juice and, of course, beer for those 21+ that are hardy folk. The first 150 to register are guaranteed a tee shirt, so register now to support the Vets! The event will be over in time for you to make it to your Sunday morning activities.
Online registration closes Saturday at 9 PM.
DAY OF REGISTRATION: 6:00-7:15 AM at VFW Post Orchard Park on Webster Rd. & S. Buffalo.
Registration will close at 7:15 am in order for the race to start on time at 7:30 AM. Please share this info so your friends know. See you there!
Be the first to review Sunrise Camel Spider 5K