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McGrath, Michael
The least understood feature of cloud computing, Platform as a Service (PaaS), is also the most powerful and cost effective. This concise overview shows you why organizations that properly wield PaaS can quickly gain a strong competitive advantage. You'll learn how PaaS enables developers to pursue low cost R&D projects, lets system administrators focus on systems rather than servers, and helps architects evaluate new technology quickly and directly. Many reliable PaaS providers are available today, including services from Amazon, Red Hat, and Google. This book offers valuable advice for tec
Build your own PaaS with Docker
Hane, Oskar
This book is intended for those who want to take full advantage of separating services into module containers and connect them to form a complete platform. It will give you all the insights and knowledge needed to run your own PaaS.
Study of Ag+/PAA (polyacrylic acid) and Ag0/PAA aqueous system at equilibrium
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Keghouche, N.; Mostafavi, M.; Delcourt, M.O.
When submitted to gamma radiation the system Ag + -PAA-water leads to clusters Ag 0 n /PAA (3 420 nm) interacting with the clusters. Potentiometric measurements carried out on Ag + solutions in the presence of PAA at various pH show that the deprotonated form (polyacrylate anion) is strongly bonded to Ag + , on the opposite of the protonated form of PAA. One of the oligomer clusters can be stabilized for more than one year. Studying it by infra-red spectrometry reveals important modifications in the vibration bands of the COO - group circa 1400 and 1600 cm -1 according to the bonding of PAA with Ag + or Ag 0 [fr
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Dwivedi, AV. Vol 3, No 2 (2014) - Articles Linguistic realities in Kenya: A preliminary survey. Abstract PDF · Vol 3, No 2 (2014) - Articles Note: Contributors to this Issue Abstract PDF. ISSN: 2026-6596. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dinalva Donizete Ribeiro
Full Text Available The public policy for Family Agriculture, as a strategy of capitalist development in Brazilian countryside promotes tensions and conflicts to the families that make use of them. This policy is based on programs, actions and strategies that aim to insert the families in the production process, making them suitable to the market system. At the same time it denies the peasant rationality, it hides structural issues of the field, such as the need for land reform, exploitation and expropriation of the wealth and conflicts (reexistents. In order to handle and analyze such issues, highlighting the conflicts surrounding the relation between public policy and peasant families, it was analyzed the processes of implementation of the Production and Use of Biodiesel National Program (PNPB and the Acquisition of Food from Familiar Agriculture Program (PAA, in rural settlements in Jataí and Perolândia, in the Southwest area of Goiás. The data presented and discussed make up a larger research bounded to the Graduation Program in Geography from Goiás Federal University, Campus Jataí, since 2010.
4CaaSt : Comprehensive management of Cloud services through a PaaS
Garcia-Gomez, S.; Lelli, F.; Eschriche-Vicente, M.; Arozarena-Llopis, P.; Taher, Y.; Momm, C.; Spriestersbach, A.; Jimenez-Ganan, M.; Le Jeune, G.; Dao, M.; Carrie, S.P.; Niemoller, J.; Mazmanov, D.; Biro, J.; Giesmann, A.; Junker, F.
The 4CaaSt project aims at developing a PaaS framework that enables flexible definition, marketing, deployment and management of Cloud-based services and applications. The major innovations proposed by 4CaaSt are the blueprint and its lifecycle management, a one stop shop for Cloud services and a
NGAP: A (Brief) Update PaaS, IaaS, Onbording, and the Future
McLaughlin, Brett; Pawloski, Andrew
NASA ESDIS has charged the EED2 program with delivering a NASA-compliant, secure, cloud-based platform for application hosting. More than just a move to the cloud, this has forced us to examine all aspects of application hosting, from resource management to system administration, patching to monitoring, deployment to multiple environments. The result of this mandate is NGAP, the NASA General Application Platform. In this presentation, we will also discuss the various applications we are supporting and targeting, and their architectures including NGAPs move to support both PaaS and IaaS architectures.
Evaluation of lambda sensors for optimization of moving grate combustion; Utvaerdering av lambdasensorer foer optimering av foerbraenning paa roerlig rost
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Boman, Katarina; Edvardsson, Elin [Vattenfall Research and Development AB, S tockholm (Sweden)
Irregular distribution in grate boilers is often caused by insufficient mixing of fuel and air in the lower part of the furnace. These problems can arise at large variations in fuel moisture or volatile content. Besides increased emissions, streak formation causes problems with deposits and corrosion. In grate boilers, the covering of the grate by the fuel bed is important for a good mixing of fuel and air. Optimization of the fuel feeding to the grate to obtain a more even distribution along both width and length normally decreases the CO emissions substantially. A uniform coverage of the grate with fuel also leads to a more evenly distributed gas velocity through the bed, which decreases the entrainment of unburned material and ash from the grate. The project objective was to investigate if lambda sensor signals can be used during continuous operation in order to counteract irregular distribution of fuel and air in the furnace. The target group of the project includes owners, operators and constructor of grate boilers, and everyone with interest of reducing imbalanced distributions in boilers. Tests with eight lambda sensors installed in the flue gas duct of the Karskaerverket biofuelled grate boiler were performed. Step responses in oxygen content from varied supply of air and fuel (total and irregular distribution across the grate) were measured. Additionally, the measurement system was tested during a period of three weeks. The measured oxygen levels showed irregular distribution across the width of the flue gas duct. The lateral distribution of primary air clearly influenced the measured oxygen levels, although the response was not the same in all measurement positions as the character of the bed in each fuel line strongly affected the response. Consequently, a different response was obtained if the step change was repeated during a new bed situation. An irregular fuel distribution clearly influenced the oxygen levels, although the time lag was long. This response also depended on the bed situation at the beginning of the step change. No clear change in oxygen levels was noticed at varied total fuel feed. Lambda sensors have previously been used during campaign measurements in solid fuel boilers. This is the first time that testing of such a measurement system during a longer time period has been carried out. It was, however, difficult to quantify the deviation of the lambda sensor signals with time, as the gas extraction probe used proved unsuitable for long term operation. The reason was that flue gas components could condensate and form deposits inside the probe, ultimately clogging the system. Provided the gas extraction system is further developed to adjust it to long term operation, measurement with lambda sensors early in the flue gas duct, in combination with flame front cameras, can be a useful tool to counteract irregular distribution of combustion in grate boilers. A brief economical analysis of a future successful installation indicates that larger boilers (at least 30-40 MW) could benefit from installing an instrument to handle uneven distribution of fuel and air. The profit comes mainly for decreased NO{sub x}-costs and less downtime. In practice, OandM costs will probably determine if the system is profitable or not. In total the project has had several obstacles, mainly due to the properties of the Karskaer boiler. For example leakage between primary air channels caused troubles to control primary air distribution. Unusual boiler construction made good fuel and air mixing difficult. Also the measurement probe design caused trouble due to deposits from condensation. The project also had some positive results: It was found out that uneven distribution could be detected and the lambda sensors' signals have shown fairly stable values also during longer measurement periods.
Zhao, Haiwu; Wang, Guozhong; Hou, Gang
AVS is a new digital audio-video coding standard established by China. AVS will be used in digital TV broadcasting and next general optical disk. AVS adopted many digital audio-video coding techniques developed by Chinese company and universities in recent years, it has very low complexity compared to H.264, and AVS will charge very low royalty fee through one-step license including all AVS tools. So AVS is a good and competitive candidate for Chinese DTV and next generation optical disk. In addition, Chinese government has published a plan for satellite TV signal directly to home(DTH) and a telecommunication satellite named as SINO 2 will be launched in 2006. AVS will be also one of the best hopeful candidates of audio-video coding standard on satellite signal transmission.
Extending Cloud Management Tools at the IaaS and PaaS Layers for Cloud Interoperabitliy
Collell Martin, Oriol
This project explores interoperability at the IaaS and PaaS layers of the Cloud Computing stack by contributing to two ongoing European research projects: Cloud4SOA and OPTIMIS. The contributions consist on connecting the platforms provided by both projects to new Cloud providers.
Installations of SNCR on bark-fired boilers; Uppfoeljning av SNCR-installationer paa barkpannor
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hjalmarsson, A.K.; Hedin, K. [AaF-Energikonsult, Stockholm (Sweden); Andersson, Lars [AaF-IPK (Sweden)
Experience has been collected from the twelve bark-fired boilers in Sweden with selective non catalytic reduction (SNCR) installations to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides. Most of the boilers have slope grates, but there are also two boilers with cyclone ovens and two fluidized bed boilers. In addition to oil there are also possibilities to burn other fuel types in most boilers, such as sludge from different parts of the pulp and paper mills, saw dust and wood chips. The SNCR installations seems in general to be of simple design. In most installations the injection nozzles are located in existing holes in the boiler walls. The availability is reported to be good from several of the SNCR installations. There has been tube leakage in several boilers. The urea system has resulted in corrosion and in clogging of one oil burner. This incident has resulted in a decision not to use SNCR system with the present design of the system. The fuel has also caused operational problems with the SNCR system in several of the installations due to variations in the moisture content and often high moisture content in bark and sludge, causing temperature variations. The availability is presented to be high for the SNCR system at several of the plants, in two of them about 90 %. The results in NO{sub x} reduction vary between the installations depending on boiler, fuel and operation. The emissions are between 45 and 100 mg NO{sub 2}/MJ fuel input and the NO{sub x} reduction rates are in most installations between 30 and 40 %, the lowest 20 and the highest 70 %. 13 figs, 3 tabs
Adfreezing of wood chips to different wall materials; Fastfrysning av traeflis paa olika vaeggmaterial
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mattsson, J.E.; Moberg, L.
A laboratory scale study was carried out to determine the force needed to loosen wood chips of different moisture contents adfrozen to three different surfaces. The wood chips were made for delimbed birch and had a very low proportion of fines and oversized particles (not passing a screen with 45 mm holes). The surfaces studied were concrete, urethane rubber and coated plywood with a smooth surface. An artificial -25 deg C winter was achieved in a small cooling chamber with all walls but one insulated. The studied surfaces were mounted on the outside of the uninsulated wall and in direct contact with chips in six plastic pipes (1200 mm long and 200 mm diameter). In the other end of the pipes the temperature was kept at +25 deg C to simulate a build up of internal heat in the moist wood chips. The six pipes were embedded in thick insulation. This arrangement allowed for adfreezing of wood chips to six circular sections of the wall surfaces, each circle with the diameter of the pipe. The force parallel to the wall needed to loosen adfrozen chips showed an exponential relation to the moisture content of the wood chips. There was no significant difference between the three surfaces studied. This may be explained by the fact that between the wood chip particles and the wall there was a thin layer of adfrozen water. Pure water adfrozen to the three surfaces showed in a separate study a stronger adfreezing than wood chips in the main study did. The water layers adfrozen to the three surfaces were obviously not the weak links in the chains. This is not necessarily true for all suitable surface materials. 11 refs, 7 figs
Influence of land improvement on soil oxidation. Inverkan av grundfoerbaettring paa markens syrehalt
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kowalik, P.J.
The paper presents the theoretical analysis of influence of the land reclamation on soil oxidation. Examination was carried out on dependencies existing among soil moisture content, respiratory activity of the soil, absolute soil porosity, gas-filled soil porosity, coeffficient of oxygen diffusion in soil air and soil liquid, oxygen concentration in soil air and in soil water, oxygen diffusion flux, oxygen diffusion rate and the depth of zone of aeration in soil profile. Some remarks about the influence of soil oxidation on root growth and morphology of soil profile were presented too. Results of own empirical investigations and similar data from literature verify theoretical ideas pointed out in the paper. The methods and results of own measurements of ODR (oxygen diffusion rate) has been presented in detail. The research explains the relationship between soil moisture content and soil oxidation. As a result of the analysis there have been proposed such methods of land improvement that the water and oxygen demands of plant roots and microorganisms would be satisfying. The paper proposes a new method of account of the so-called anaerobic soil moisture content. This moisture should be the highest for irrigation practice and more or less lowest for drainage of soil water. Soil moisture a little lower than anarobic soil water content is enough for warranting the sufficient soil aeration during drainage and irrigation activity. With 82 refs.
Measurements on and simulations of a biogas-fuelled bus; Maetningar paa och simulering av biogasbuss
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Olsson, L.O.; Nilsson, Johan
Mathematical models for torque/fuel consumption and emissions have been studied for a biogas-fuelled bus used in urban traffic in Linkoeping, Sweden. It is noted that the cycle ECE R-49 is not representative for city buses, but that the Braunschweig cycle gives rather good agreement. 2 refs, 37 figs
Effects of offshore wind power on the pelagic fish; Effekter av havsbaserad vindkraft paa pelagisk fisk
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Axenrot, Thomas (SLU, Institutionen foer Akvatiska Resurser, Soetvattenlaboratoriet (Sweden)); Didrikas, Tomas (AquaBiota Water Research AB (Sweden); Stockholms universitet (Sweden))
Marine wind parks are being planned for and built in coastal and shallow offshore areas in response to an increasing demand for renewable energy. Today's knowledge is limited about possible effects on fish from habitat change and generated underwater sound when wind parks are running. There may also be consequences for the fishery. Studies on fish hearing have shown that many fishes hear low frequency sound like that produced by wind turbines. This study consists of two parts. The first part of the study investigated pelagic fish abundance and spatial distribution at one wind park and two reference areas (200 m to 10 km distance from fundaments) at five different occasions from 2005 through 2007 in the Kalmar Sound of the Baltic Sea. The highest fish densities was found in the most remote reference area. The difference between areas was statistically significant for fish of the size groups 30-80 mm (stickleback), 80-140 mm (sprat, small herring) and 140-250 mm (adult herring). For fish >250 mm, representing cod and salmon, no statistically significant difference between areas was observed. For one group (sticklebacks) Area was significantly pointed out as the most important factor for the observed differences in fish density. No data on fish densities in the investigated areas were collected before the wind park (Utgrunden 1) was built which is a drawback to this part of the study. The second part of the study focused on possible effects of underwater sound generated by wind turbines on fish behaviour in the close vicinity of the fundaments (2-35 m distance). Stationary horizontal acoustics was used to estimate fish abundance and swimming speed in relation to turbine rotor speed and electricity production. The changes of abundance were not consistent and difficult to interpret. Fish swimming speed decreased with increasing turbine rotor speed and electricity production. However, it cannot be distinguished if this was an effect of sound emitted by wind turbines or wind induced currents
Influence of sulphur addition on emissions of organic substances during combustion; Inverkan av formen av svaveladditiv paa emissionerna av kolmonoxid och organiska aemnen vid foerbraenning
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bjurstroem, Henrik; Jonsson, Claes; Almark, Matts; Berg, Magnus; Streibel, Thorsten; Zimmermann, Ralf
Reduction of emissions of carbon monoxide and organic substances by injecting either ammonium sulphate or elemental sulphur and the importance of the point of injection has been investigated in full scale in a grate-fired bark boiler. The effect was monitored downstream of the economizer and air preheater, immediately upstream of the electrostatic precipitator. Concentrations determined in the comprehensive monitoring program include principally carbon monoxide, TOC and several organic substances, including PAH, PCDD/F and polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz). Additionally, the gaseous PAH were determined on-line using a novel mass spectrometer, REMPI-TOF MS, that measures specifically the 2- to 4-ring PAH's. All concentrations of substances of interest here fluctuate in concert and peak simultaneously. The relationship between the concentrations is not straightforward: there appears to be a threshold in carbon monoxide concentration. Below this threshold, the concentration of organics is low and above it concentrations increase rapidly with increasing carbon monoxide concentration. It has been confirmed that using sulphur additives not only reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide, but also that of organic substances in the flue gases. These additives do not only reduce the mean level of concentrations, but also dampen the fluctuations in these concentrations. Any measure leading to a reduction in carbon monoxide will also decrease the concentration of most organics, under the conditions prevalent in this boiler. Both additives tested are equally effective per kg of pure sulphur. The point of injection, in the fuel or above the grate, is not important. The PCDD/F concentration in the flue gases is very low even without additives, and the effect of sulphur on these emissions is therefore difficult to observe. Here, the effect is masked by the variation of data. The PAH concentration is lowered by an injection of sulphur additives. The variation in data is though rather large, which may be caused by variation in particle content in the gas samples
Utskrift av tredimensionell arkitekturmodell
Nylund, Johnny
I examensarbetet behandlas modellering av hus anpassade för 3D-skrivning. Uppdragsgivare har varit Purmia Grön, ett företag i Pedersöre som har byggnadsplanering och 3D-modellering som huvudsakliga affärsområde. Målet med examensarbetet var att skapa en modell av ett hus som skulle lämpa sig för 3D-skrivning och inkorporera olika visuella designaspekter. 3D-skrivning är en tillverkningsprocess där ett fysiskt objekt skapas från en digital modell. Metoden har tidigare använts främst av stö...
Skyggedom av enkepensjonsdommen
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rognlien, Ida Gundersby
Masteroppgaven undersøker om bortfall av ektefellepensjon ved lovendring med tilbakevirkende kraft er i strid med retten til eiendom etter EMK TP 1 art 1. Skyggedommetoden/ Feminist Judgments -metoden brukes for å gjenskrive enkepensjonsdommen Rt.2006.262 i et feministisk perspektiv. Da mannen døde.......1975.220. I spørsmålet om inngrepet er proporsjonalt ble vektlagt at det ikke foreligger en transparent avveining av de relevante interessene. Videre er hensynene bak og behovene for den opprinnelige ektefellepensjonen fortsatt tilstede, og de er ikke tilstrekkelig avveid mot formålene med inngrepet...
Forenkling av tekniske systemer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Førland-Larsen, Arne; Bramslev, Katharina; Halderaker, Ingrid
De fleste moderne kontorbygg har omfattende tekniske installasjoner. Mange byggeiere opplever at dagens kompliserte tekniske anlegg ikke fungerer som de skal. De ender med å få reklamasjoner, høyt energiforbruk og klager på inneklima. Kan en kraftig forenkling av ventilasjons-, oppvarmings- og...
(PAA) dans les Paralysies Flasques Aiguës (PFA)
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Introduction La PAA a, longtemps, été responsable de nombreuses épidémies, avec une mortalité élevée et des PFA irréversibles. Elle bénéficie d'une stratégie de surveillance bien codifiée. Objectif Préciser la place de la PAA au sein des PFA en CI et proposer des mesures pour améliorer la surveillance. Méthodes
Salinity, dissolved organic carbon and water hardness affect peracetic acid (PAA) degradation in aqueous solutions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Liu, Dibo; Steinberg, Christian E.W.; Straus, David L.
Peracetic acid (PAA) is used in aquaculture under different conditions for disinfection and therapeutic purposes. There is limited information about its environmental fate, particularly its persistence in aquatic systems with different physical–chemical conditions. This study investigated PAA...... had only minor impact. For commercial aquaculture, actual PAA concentration in the raw product needs to be measured; the fate of PAA in individual facilities must be carefully monitored and feasible application strategies need to be investigated to achieve maximal disinfection and therapeutic...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Neumann, Cecilie Basberg; Rysst, Mari; Bjerck, Mari
Hvilken betydning har kjønn og klær for kvinner som arbeider i mannsdominerte arbeiderklasseyrker? Forfatterne av denne artikkelen finner at kvinnene må nedtone sitt kjønn og sin seksualitet gjennom å dekke til kroppen, i klær laget for menn, for å signalisere at de er på jobb for å arbeide. Hvor...
Feeding biogas onto the national gas grid - Technical and economical aspects on omitting propane addition; Inmatning av biogas paa naturgasnaetet - Tekniska och ekonomiska aspekter paa slopad propantillsats
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nelsson, Corfitz
Biogas injection into the natural gas grid is a common practice in Sweden today. In order to condition the biogas to the quality matching the natural gas, propane (approx. 8 %) is injected in the biogas. This is a costly procedure which also introduces fossil components into a renewable gas flow. Because of this, it is desired to terminate the propane injection and inject biogas straight into the gas grid. This might affect certain customers and will affect billing procedures and this study has briefly examined the impact of injection of biogas in the gas grid without propane addition. The main findings are: 1. It seems technically possible to inject biogas without propane into the gas grid. Attention has to be paid to the quality requirements of certain sensitive customers, but most customers can accept the quality variations. 2. It is recommended that the minimum methane content of injected biogas is raised to 98 %. This might affect the operation and choice of upgrading equipment and will have to be evaluated from both a technical and an economical viewpoint in each case. 3. Downgrading the natural gas to biogas quality by air injection is not an option. 4. In order to make simplify billing procedures, the geographic location of biogas site injecting gas into the distribution network is crucial. The biogas site should be placed as close to the transmission network as possible. Further, two case studies concerning biogas injection into the transmission network are briefly discussed.
Alshaeri, Taghreed; Gupta, Deepak; Nagabhushana, Ananthamurthy
Anaphylaxis during anesthesia is uncommon. Diagnosis of peri-anesthesia anaphylaxis (PAA) requires anesthesia providers' vigilance for prompt diagnosis and treatment. In this case report, we present a challenging case with suspected PAA including its perioperative management, intensive care unit (ICU) course, and post-discharge follow-up. A 44-year-old female (body mass index = 26) presented for elective abdominal panniculectomy. Post-intubation, severe bronchospasm occurred that was non-responsive to nebulized albuterol and intravenous epinephrine. Continuous infusion of epinephrine was initiated. After aborting surgical procedure, the patient was transferred to ICU on continuous intravenous infusion of epinephrine. Venous blood sampling showed elevated troponin level. Echocardiography revealed ejection fraction of 25% suspicious of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (mid cavitary variant). Tracheal extubation was only possible after three days. Subsequently, patient was discharged home with a cardiology follow-up appointment and a referral to an allergy specialist. Unfortunately at our institution (an academic university hospital in United States) along with neighboring institutions in near-by areas, the only allergy skin tests available are for local anesthetics and antibiotics, while neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) cannot be tested (the suspected anaphylactic agent in our case was presumably rocuronium). In summary, PAA requires and responds to emergent diagnosis and immediate treatment; however there is still a long way to go to ensure post-PAA testing for inciting anesthesia-related allergens.
Ericsson, Hans-Ola; Weman Ericsson, Lena; Hannus, Anders
Invigning av Orgel Acusticum, Studio Acusticum, konsertsalenHans-Ola Ericsson, orgel; Lena Weman, traversflöjt; Anders Hannus, klangregi; Birgitta Svendén, konferencièreOlivier Messiaen 1908-1992Apparition de l'Église éternelle (1932)Hans-Ola Ericsson f. 1958Nytt verk (2012) för förstärkt traversflöjt och orgelJohann Sebastian Bach 1685-1750Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ (BWV 639) ur OrgelbüchleinHans-Ola EricssonPostludium - "Spikar" ur orgelmässan "De fyra varelsernas Amen" (1999-2000) fö...
Summer Student Report - AV Workflow
Abramson, Jessie
The AV Workflow is web application which allows cern users to publish, update and delete videos from cds. During my summer internship I implemented the backend of the new version of the AV Worklow in python using the django framework.
AV dissociation, an inevitable response.
Wang, Kyuhyun; Benditt, David G
The independent activation of the atria and ventricles, AV dissociation, is a common phenomenon that occurs during a wide variety of electrophysiologic circumstances. The clinical significance of AV dissociation is often misunderstood. This article examines the basis and clinical implications of AV dissociation. AV dissociation is often an obligatory, secondary phenomenon, and should not be construed as the primary disorder; it may be due to either the AV conduction system being completely blocked (3° AV block) or the P wave and the QRS complex being generated from separate sources (usually, the AV junction or ventricle) but occurring close together during the physiologic refractory period of each other. The latter may happen in junctional or ventricular arrhythmias including escape or accelerated rhythm, tachycardia, or premature beats. The crucial clinical point is not the AV dissociation itself, but that an underlying triggering primary disorder is present and should be identified. ©2011, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamisk Analys av scrollkompressorn
Laso Plaza, Elena
Det svenska företaget Thermia använder scrollkompressorer från det amerikanska bolaget Copeland i sina värmepumpsystem. Trots den betydande ljudminskning som scrollkompressorer ger jämfört med andra kompressorer är ljudtrycksnivån fortfarande 56 dBA. Den här ljudtrycksnivån är inte tillräckligt låg om man vill placera systemet i köket. Företaget önskar minska hela systemets ljudtrycksnivå. Rapporten innehåller en dynamisk analys av de olika möjliga ljudkällorna i kompressorn. Den innehåller d...
Teratogene effekter av antiepileptika
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Bernt A. Engelsen
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGCa. 1 av 200 gravide har epilepsi. Gravide med epilepsi har økt risiko for visse obstetriske komplikasjonerog for å føde barn med medfødte misdannelser. Risikoen for misdannelser synes koblet til bruk avantiepileptika under svangerskapet, og ikke til selve epilepsien. Alle typer misdannelser er økt, men leppeganespalteog nevralrørsdefekter utgjør særlig viktige misdannelser. Årsakene til misdannelsene er multifaktorielle.Bruk av antiepileptika i monoterapi kan sies å gi en individuell risiko for større misdannelser påca. 4-6%. Karbamazepin og natriumvalproat gir hhv. 0,5-1% og 2-3% risiko for nevralrørsdefekt. Samletrisiko for større og mindre anomalier inkludert dysmorfe ansiktstrekk synes ikke å overstige 10%. ENGLISH SUMMARYEngelsen BA. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (1: 23-28.Approximately 1 in 200 pregnant women have epilepsy, and 1 in 250 births are to children of mothers whouse antiepleptic drugs (AED. Pregnant women with epilepsy have increased risk for certain obstetricalcomplications, and for giving birth to children with congenital malformations. The increased risk forcongenital malformations seems connected to the use of AED, not to the epileptic syndromes. The etiologyof congenital malformations are multifactorial. Use of AED in monotherapy is associated with anindividual risk of giving birth to a child with a major malformation of 4-6%. The specific risk of spinabifida is 0,5 to 1% for carbamazepine and 2-3% for sodium valproate.
Helseeffekter av byluftpartikler
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Magne Refsnes
Full Text Available Svevestøv i byluft består av forbrenningspartikler og mineralpartikler med svært forskjellige størrelser og kjemiske egenskaper. Svevestøvet kan deles inn i størrelsesfraksjoner som PMAmbient particulate matter (PM comprises particles from different combustion processes and a variety of mineral particles. The particles vary widely in size distribution and chemical/physical characteristics. PM is often divided into size fractions with different aerodynamic diameters: PM10 (PM ! 10 mm, PM2.5 (PM ! 2.5 mm and PM0.1 (PM ! 0.1 mm. Recent population studies have found an association between an increase in mortality and morbidity due to lung and/or cardiovascular disease and short-term increases in PM. The relative risk (RR was approximately 1.005 for an increase in 10 mg/m3 PM10, without an observed threshold even at concentrations below 10 mg/m3. Chronic exposure has been investigated to a lesser extent, but longterm exposure to PM2.5 has been found to be associated with an approximately 10-fold greater increase in RR than short-term exposures. Experimental studies with volunteers in chamber and field studies show mild lung or cardiovascular responses at concentrations of ambient particles (PM2.5/PM10: 100-200 mg/m3 that may occur during episodes of air pollution. Animal studies at higher concentrations have shown stronger responses. The experimental studies support the epidemiological evidence for an adverse health effect of PM. Both population- and experimental studies indicate the existence of vulnerable individuals. At low to average ambient concentrations there seems to exist a discrepancy between the results of population- and experimental studies that might be due to the absence of the most vulnerable individuals in the experimental studies. Together with cell culture experiments, human and animal studies indicate the importance of physical and chemical properties of the particles (size, content of metals, organics, endotoxins, etc. for
"AV nodal" reentry: Part II: AV nodal, AV junctional, or atrionodal reentry?
McGuire, M. A.; Janse, M. J.; Ross, D. L.
The classical model of "atrioventricular (AV) nodal" reentrant tachycardia suggests that the reentrant circuit is entirely within the compact AV node and that AV nodal tissue is present proximal and distal to the circuit. Recent evidence from mapping studies and from examination of the effects of
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ramvi, Ellen
Hva skal til for å lære av erfaring? Denne avhandlingen er en empirisk baseret undersøkelse av ungdosmskolelæreres muligheter og betingelser for å "lære av erfaring" i den særlige betydning av begrepet W. Bion gir i sin psykoanalytiske teori. Undersøgelsen baserer seg på et feltarbeid som strekk...... nydefinering av lærerprofesjonalitet, må lærerne gå til kjernen av problemet, nemlig den sårbare lærer-elev relasjonen. Kun da kan det sosiale forsvarssystemet i skolen brytes ned, og den enkelte lærer kan gies rom til å lære av erfaring....
Natural gold composition studied by proton activation analysis (PAA)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cojocaru, V.; Badica, T.; Popescu, I.V.
The minor and trace element concentration of natural gold is essential for provenance studies of gold archaeological artifacts. In this work proton activation analysis is used in order to find what elements can be put into evidence in natural gold. For that purpose some gold nuggets from Romania were used. It was found that PAA is a good supplemental method to neutron activation analysis. (authors)
Analysis of primary aromatic amines (PAA) in black nylon kitchenware 2014
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Trier, Xenia; Granby, Kit
did not exceed the specific migration limit of 10 μg/kg food simulant after the expanded uncertainty is subtracted from the sum of PAA. The highest content of ΣPAA migrants was from a frying spatula originating from China containing ΣPAA of 16.0 μg/kg before correction for expanded uncertainty......, however after correction the content of 9.7 μg/kg was compliant....
Ka-Band PAA for Satellite Telemetry System for RLVs & Aircraft Project
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The development and implementation of passive phased array antennas (PAAs) offers significant performance benefits over the current active arrays. The keys to...
Surface modification of cation exchange membranes by graft polymerization of PAA-co-PANI/MWCNTs nanoparticles
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nemati, Mahsa; Hosseini, Sayed Mohsen; Bagheripour, Ehsan [Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Madaeni, Sayed Siavash [Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Surface modification of polyvinylchloride based heterogeneous cation exchange membrane was performed by graft polymerization of PAA and PAA-co-PANI/MWCNTs nanoparticles. The ion exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting technique. Spectra analysis confirmed graft polymerization clearly. SEM images illustrated that graft polymerization covers the membranes by simple gel network entanglement. The membrane water content was decreased by graft polymerization of PAA-co-PANI/MWCNTs nanoparticles on membrane surface. Membrane transport number and selectivity declined initially by PAA graft polymerization and then began to increase by utilizing of composite nanoparticles in modifier solution. The sodium and barium flux was improved sharply by PAA and PAAco- 0.01%wt PANI/MWCNTs graft polymerization on membrane surface and then decreased again by more increase of PANI/MWCNTs nanoparticles content ratio in modifier solution. The electrodialysis experiment results in laboratory scale showed higher dialytic rate in heavy metals removal for grafted-PAA and grafted-PAA-co-PANI/MWCNTs modified membrane compared to pristine one. Membrane areal electrical resistance was also decreased by introducing graft polymerization of PAA and PAA-co-PANI/MWCNTs NPs on membrane surface.
Addition of ash on drained forested peatlands in southern Sweden. Effects on forest production, fluxes of greenhouse gases and water chemistry; Tillfoersel av aska i tallskog paa dikad torvmark i soedra Sverige. Effekter paa skogsproduktion, avgaang av vaexthusgaser och vattenkemi
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sikstroem, Ulf; Jacobson, Staffan; Ring, Eva [Skogforsk, Uppsala (Sweden); Ernfors, Maria; Klemedtsson, Leif [Goeteborg Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Nilsson, Mats [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeaa (Sweden)
In Sweden, about one million tones of wood ashes are produced annually, of which about 250,000-300,000 tones originate from biofuels, e.g. forest residues. Some of the ashes produced are deposited today. One alternative use is bringing back the ashes to the forest, recycling the mineral nutrients and base compounds. In bioashes, most essential mineral nutrients for plants are included, except for N, which is gasified at combustion. On most mineral soils in Sweden, plant available nitrogen is the nutrient limiting tree growth. On organic soils, tree growth is usually increased after addition of phosphorous and potassium. Thus, there is a potential for increased forest production on peatlands after ash fertilization. This can be a profitable measure. Nutrient compensation after harvesting involve ash addition with quite low doses. This is especially important in peatlands after whole-tree harvesting in order to prevent nutrient deficiency and reduced tree growth. However, there is a need for better knowledge concerning other environmental effects before ash addition can be put into large-scale practice. The general objective of this project is to study the effects of wood-ash addition on forest production and some other environmental variables on drained, forested peatlands. The studies concern tree growth, emissions of greenhouse gases and water chemistry (ground water and run off). An important issue addressed was if an expected increased accumulation of carbon (CO{sub 2}) due to increased tree growth can compensate for an expected increased emission of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4}) from the peat. In addition, the very effective greenhouse gas laughing gas (N{sub 2}O), must be taken into consideration. In 2003, two field experiments were established in the county of Smaaland in southeast Sweden, where wood ashes from biofuels were applied. One experiment was designed as a randomized block experiment (273 Anderstorp) where effects on forest production and greenhouse gases (CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}O) were studied. The other experiment (274 Bredaryd), 10 km away, was established in two drainage areas where emissions of greenhouse gases and water chemistry (ground water and run off) were studied. At the establishment of the experiments, the forests were dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In the end of the 1980's, the forest stands had been thinned and the soils drained at both experimental sites. Experiment 273 Anderstorp included five treatments: an untreated control, and, one low dose (3.3 tonnes DM/ha) and one high dose (6.6 tonnes DM/ha) of crushed ash and 'granulated' wood ash, respectively. It should be noted that the 'granulated' product was of a poor standard. In experiment 274 Bredaryd 3.1 tonnes DM/ha of crushed ash was applied. Two years after treatment in 273 Anderstorp no effects of the treatments on tree growth was detected, which could be expected considering the short effect period. There was a statistically significant effect of the addition of crushed ash on concentrations of potassium and boron in the Scots pine needles. For potassium there was an effect of the dose. The addition of wood ash did not change the CO{sub 2}-flux from the soil during the first 2.5 years of study. The annual emissions from the control plots were approximately 8,000 kg CO{sub 2}/ha during 2004 and 12,000 kg CO{sub 2}/ha during 2005. No significant effect of the treatments on the annual CH{sub 4}-flux was detected by analysis of variance, but there was a tendency for increased CH{sub 4}-emissions at the treated plots during late summer and autumn. The annual emissions on the control plots were approximately 3 kg CH{sub 4}/m{sup 2} during 2004 and 6 kg CH{sub 4}/m{sup 2} during 2005. N{sub 2}O-flux was only occasionally detected. In 2005, the mean CH{sub 4} emission of the ash fertilized plots was 60% higher (non significant) than the mean of the control plots. This corresponds to an increased emission of 90 kg CO{sub 2}/ha/yr to the atmosphere. To compensate for such an emission, accumulation of tree biomass needs to increase by approximately 2%. In run off, sampled in the main ditches, the electric conductivity increased after addition of 3.1 tonnes of crushed ash, as well as the concentrations of B, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, K, Cl, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, PO{sub 4}-P, S, SO{sub 4}-S and Zn. For most elements, the increase appeared immediately after the ash application, and lasted from a few months to the whole observation period (c. one year). The concentrations of Pb and V was lower than expected during six and nine months, respectively. Thereafter, the Pb-concentration tended to be higher than the control. The concentration of TOC was reduced during eight months, and pH was reduced during three months after the ash addition. The effects on ground water chemistry corresponded to the effects on chemistry in run off. Two months after treatment, the concentrations of B, Ca, Cd, Co, K, Cl{sup -}, Li, Mn, Na, P, S and SO{sub 4}-S were elevated in the groundwater in the ash treated area. For some of the elements this was evident down to 90-100 cm depth. The concentrations of As and TOC at 30-40 cm tended to be lower in the area treated with ash. The results from this study demonstrate the initial effects (1-2.5 years) of wood ash addition in some drained, oligotrophic peatland forests in southern Sweden. Ash addition may affect the turn over of the peat, and potentially affect other ecosystem properties, for several decades. Hence, in order to confirm the duration of the shown short-term effects, to establish the duration of not yet ceased effects, and, establish effects that might show up in a long-term perspective, continuous follow up of the established experiments is important. This long-term monitoring is also a prerequisite of a more complete evaluation of the benefits and possible detrimental effects on the environment of wood ash addition.
Addition of ash on drained forested peatlands in southern Sweden. Effects on forest production, fluxes of greenhouse gases and water chemistry; Tillfoersel av aska i tallskog paa dikad torvmark i soedra Sverige. Effekter paa skogsproduktion, avgaang av vaexthusgaser och vattenkemi
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sikstroem, Ulf; Ernfors, Maria; Jacobson, Staffan; Klemedtsson, Leif; Nilsson, Mats; Ring, Eva
In Sweden, about one million tones of wood ashes are produced annually, of which about 250,000 - 300,000 tones originate from forest residues. Some of the ashes produced are deposited today. One alternative use is bringing back the ashes to the forest, recycling the mineral nutrients and base compounds. In bioashes, most essential mineral nutrients for plants are included, except for N, which is gasified at combustion. On most mineral soils in Sweden, plant available nitrogen is the nutrient limiting tree growth. On organic soils, tree growth is usually increased after addition of phosphorous and potassium. Thus, there is a potential for increased forest production on peatlands after ash fertilization. This can be a profitable measure. Nutrient compensation after harvesting involve ash addition with quite low doses. This is especially important in peatlands after whole-tree harvesting in order to prevent nutrient deficiency and reduced tree growth. However, there is a need for better knowledge concerning other environmental effects before ash addition can be put into large-scale practice. The general objective of this project is to study the effects of wood-ash addition on forest production and some other environmental variables on drained, forested peatlands. The studies concern tree growth, emissions of greenhouse gases and water chemistry (ground water and run off). An important issue addressed was if an expected increased accumulation of carbon (CO{sub 2}) due to increased tree growth can compensate for an expected increased emission of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4}) from the peat. In addition, the very effective greenhouse gas laughing gas (N2O), must be taken into consideration. In 2003, two field experiments were established in the county of Smaaland in south Sweden, where wood ashes from biofuels were applied. One experiment was designed as a randomized block experiment where effects on forest production and greenhouse gases (CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}O) were studied. The other experiment, 10 km away, was established in two drainage areas where emissions of greenhouse gases and water chemistry (ground water and run off) were studied. At the establishment of the experiments, the forests were dominated by Scots pine. In the end of the 1980's, the forest stands had been thinned and the soils drained at both experimental sites. The first experiment included five treatments: an untreated control, and, one low dose (3.3 tonnes DM/ha) and one high dose (6.6 tonnes DM/ha) of crushed ash and 'granulated' wood ash, respectively. It should be noted that the 'granulated' product was of a poor standard. In the second experiment 3.1 tonnes DM/ha of crushed ash was applied. Two years after treatment in no effects of the treatments on tree growth was detected, which could be expected considering the short effect period. There was a statistically significant effect of the addition of crushed ash on concentrations of potassium and boron in the Scots pine needles. For potassium there was an effect of the dose. The addition of wood ash did not change the CO{sub 2}-flux from the soil during the first 2.5 years of study. The annual emissions from the control plots were approximately 8,000 kg CO{sub 2}/ha during 2004 and 12,000 kg CO{sub 2}/ha during 2005. No significant effect of the treatments on the annual CH{sub 4}-flux was detected by analysis of variance, but there was a tendency for increased CH{sub 4}-emissions at the treated plots during late summer and autumn. The annual emissions on the control plots were approximately 3 kg CH{sub 4}/ha during 2004 and 6 kg CH{sub 4}/ha during 2005. N{sub 2}O-flux was only occasionally detected. In 2005, the mean CH{sub 4} emission of the ash fertilized plots was 60% higher (non significant) than the mean of the control plots. This corresponds to an increased emission of 90 kg CO{sub 2}/ha/yr to the atmosphere. To compensate for such an emission, accumulation of tree biomass needs to increase by approximately 2%. In run off, sampled in the main ditches, the electric conductivity increased after addition of 3.1 tonnes of crushed ash, as well as the concentrations of B, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, K, Cl, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, PO{sub 4}-P, S, SO{sub 4}-S and Zn. For most elements, the increase appeared immediately after the ash application, and lasted from a few months to the whole observation period (c. one year). The concentrations of Pb and V was lower than expected during six and nine months, respectively. Thereafter, the Pb-concentration tended to be higher than the control. The concentration of TOC was reduced during eight months, and pH was reduced during three months after the ash addition. The effects on ground water chemistry corresponded to the effects on chemistry in run off. Two months after treatment, the concentrations of B, Ca, Cd, Co, K, Cl{sup -}, Li, Mn, Na, P, S och SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}S were elevated in the groundwater in the ash treated area. For some of the elements this was evident down to 90 - 100 cm depth. The concentrations of As and TOC at 30 - 40 cm tended to be lower in the area treated with ash. The results from this study demonstrate the initial effects (1 - 2.5 years) of wood ash addition in some drained, oligotrophic peatland forests in southern Sweden. Ash addition may affect the turn over of the peat, and potentially affect other ecosystem properties, for several decades. Hence, in order to confirm the duration of the shown short-term effects, to establish the duration of not yet ceased effects, and, establish effects that might show up in a long-term perspective, continuous follow up of the established experiments is important. This long-term monitoring is also a prerequisite of a more complete evaluation of the benefits and possible detrimental effects on the environment of wood ash addition.
Effects of acidification and cadmium pollution on the populations and habitats of limnetic zooplankton; Effekter av forsuring og kadmium-forurensning paa populasjoner og samfunn av limnisk zooplankton
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schartau, A.K.L. [Norsk Inst. for Naturforskning, Trondheim (Norway)
The conference paper deals with executed field tests on the adding of cadmium alone or combined with acidification of an enclosed space under different nutrient and predatory conditions. The addition of cadmium changed the biomass and the composition of the phytoplankton. In combination with the added nutrient salts, the biomass of special algae increased in the Cd loaded spaces, and the addition of acid changed the effect of Cd concentration by increased production of the same. The effect of a given Cd concentration on the zooplankton varied in a wide range of environmental conditions. 22 refs., 1 tab.
Effects of intensive silviculture on the soil diversity and carbon retention. Final report; Effekter av intensiv skogsodling paa markens biologiska maangfald och retention av kol. Slutrapport
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Persson, Tryggve; Lindberg, Niklas [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research
Soil samples were taken in the forest fertilisation experiments Skogaby (SW Sweden), Asa (S Sweden), Straasan (C Sweden) and Flakaliden (N Sweden), all with replicated plots, to evaluate effects of intensive production of Norway spruce trees by repeated fertiliser application, on soil fauna diversity. The species-rich groups of Oribatida, Mesostigmata and Collembola were studied at all sites. Repeated additions of solid fertilisers mostly reduced the total number of individuals of soil fauna, whereas addition of liquid fertiliser did not result in any marked effects on totals densities. Forest fertilisation had small or insignificant effects on species numbers or diversity indices, but resulted in large changes in the composition of individual species. Generally, the most common oribatid species decreased in numbers, whereas less common species did not seem to decrease. Thus, intensive forest fertilisation did not seem to reduce the number of species but had a great effect on the community level by reducing some of the commonest species and favouring some sparsely occurring species. This indicates that forest fertilisation, if performed in a patchy manner, can increase the soil fauna diversity in the forest landscape as a whole.
Analysis of algorithms for detection of resonance frequencies in vibration measurements on super heater tubes; Analys av algoritmer foer detektering av resonansfrekvenser i vibrationsmaetningar paa oeverhettartuber
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eriksson, Daniel
Combustion of fuel in thermal power plants emits particles which creates coatings on the super heater tubes. The coatings isolate the tubes and impairs the efficiency of the heat transfer. Cleaning the tubes occurs while the power plant is running but without any knowledge of the actual coating. A change in frequency corresponds to a change in mass of the coatings. This thesis has been focusing in estimating resonance frequencies in vibration measurements made by strain gauges on the tubes. To improve the estimations a target tracking algorithm had been added. The results indicates that it is possible to estimate the resonance frequencies but the algorithms need to be verified on more signals.
Electrospinning of Bioactive Dex-PAA Hydrogel Fibers
Louie, Katherine Boyook
In this work, a novel method is developed for making nano- and micro-fibrous hydrogels capable of preventing the rejection of implanted materials. This is achieved by either (1) mimicking the native cellular environment, to exert fine control over the cellular response or (2) acting as a protective barrier, to camouflage the foreign nature of a material and evade recognition by the immune system. Comprehensive characterization and in vitro studies described here provide a foundation for developing substrates for use in clinical applications. Hydrogel dextran and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) fibers are formed via electrospinning, in sizes ranging from nanometers to microns in diameter. While "as-electrospun" fibers are continuous in length, sonication is used to fragment fibers into short fiber "bristles" and generate nano- and micro- fibrous surface coatings over a wide range of topographies. Dex-PAA fibrous surfaces are chemically modified, and then optimized and characterized for non-fouling and ECM-mimetic properties. The non-fouling nature of fibers is verified, and cell culture studies show differential responses dependent upon chemical, topographical and mechanical properties. Dex-PAA fibers are advantageously unique in that (1) a fine degree of control is possible over three significant parameters critical for modifying cellular response: topography, chemistry and mechanical properties, over a range emulating that of native cellular environments, (2) the innate nature of the material is non-fouling, providing an inert background for adding back specific bioactive functionality, and (3) the fibers can be applied as a surface coating or comprise the scaffold itself. This is the first reported work of dex-PAA hydrogel fibers formed via electrospinning and thermal cross-linking, and unique to this method, no toxic solvents or cross-linking agents are needed to create hydrogels or for surface attachment. This is also the first reported work of using sonication to
Optical and magnetic properties of PAA@Fe nanocomposite films
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jing-jing Zhang
Full Text Available A simple method to fabricate porous anodic alumina films embedded with Fe is reported. The films exhibit vivid structural colors and magnetic properties after being synthesized by an ac electrodeposition method. The optical properties of the samples can be effectively tuned by varying the oxidation time of aluminum. The coercivity mechanism of the Fe nanowires in our case is consistent with fanning reversal mode. PAA@Fe films can be used in many areas including decoration, display and multifunctional anti-counterfeiting applications.
Survey results of corroding problems at biological treatment plants; Kartlaeggning av vittrings- och korrosionsskador paa biologiska behandlingsanlaeggningar
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Boubitsas, Dimitrios; Aakesson, Urban (CBI, Boraas (Sweden)); Hellstroem, Hanna; Henriksson, Gunilla (SP, Boraas (Sweden))
Problems regarding that leachate from food waste have been corroding vehicles and concrete slabs has been reported by Biogas- and composting plants. This is an issue that has been reported to Swedish Waste Management more often within the same pace as the volume of food waste gathering is increasing all around Sweden. The problem has also been addressed at inspections according to SPCR 120 Biogoedsel and SPCR 152 Kompost, where several plants have requested guidance/support/investigation to help solve their specific issue. Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Inst., has earlier completed some investigations which have been ordered by private plant owners/municipalities and the result from these investigations have often proved that the exposure classification has not been adjusted for its purpose. There is no clear definition regarding construction of concrete that is meant for usage in a receiving hall for food waste. It is likely that concrete for Biogas- and Composting plants are built to meet the demands of agricultural environments. The project will examine the magnitude of the problem regarding corrosion- and weathering damage on concrete slabs and cisterns at biological treatment plants. The project will also culminate to actual solutions for plants that are hit and to give advice to those in the danger zone and those who plan for new constructions. Through a survey handed to Biogas- and composting plants around the country, the width of the problem has been examined and what solutions plants have found and executed to solve this issue. A literature review has been implemented to find specific demands regarding concrete that is meant for a certain environment. Another four treatment plants have been examined. The studies that have been made are chemical analysis of leachate from food waste, analysis of drill cores and analysis of reinforcement corrosion. The results from this project show that concrete doesn't have enough resistance in these environments where food waste is treated. No matter which quality of concrete is put in use these problems will occur, though in different speeds. To ensure the function of the concrete construction, the concrete must be protected with a sealing coat. These sealing coats must be able to endure the aggressive nature from leachate coming from food waste and be resistant to mechanical abrasion from vehicles. In the report several seal coatings are shown that have been used for solving measures. Some of these have worked, while others didn't work as well. To be able to ensure the function within the different seal coatings they have to be tested in 'their proper' environment considering the chemical temperature and composition of the leachate. There are no standard methods to perform this, they have to be developed. There are plans for a new study where you bring out specific demands and standard methods for seal coats in food waste environments. Corrosion problems also occur on gathering vehicles for food waste and mechanic equipment at treatment plants, it is desired also to deal with these issues and a study is recommended regarding the influence from food waste on metal materials that are in contact with food waste
Delegated democracy. Siting selection for the Swedish nuclear waste; Demokrati paa delegation. Lokaliseringen av det svenska kaernavfallet
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Johansson, Hanna Sofia
The present study concerns the siting of the Swedish nuclear waste repository. Four cases are examined: the feasibility studies in Nykoeping and Tierp (cases 1 and 2), as well as three public consultation meetings with conservationist and environmental organisations, and two study visits to nuclear facilities in Oskarshamn and Oesthammar, which were held during what is called the site-investigation phase (cases 3 and 4). The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB) began the search for a nuclear waste site in the 1970s. Since 1992 SKB has conducted feasibility studies in eight municipalities, including in the four municipalities mentioned above. At the present time more comprehensive site investigations are underway in Oskarshamn and Oesthammar, two municipalities that already host nuclear power plants as well as storages for nuclear waste. In addition to SKB and the municipalities involved in the site-selection process, politicians, opinion groups, concerned members of the public, and oversight bodies are important actors. The analysis of the cases employs the concepts of 'sub-politics', 'boundary work', and 'expertise', together with the four models of democracy 'representative democracy', participatory democracy', 'deliberative democracy', and 'technocracy'. The aim of the study is to describe the characteristics of Swedish democracy in relation to the disposal of Swedish nuclear waste. The main questions of the study are: Which democratic ideals can be found within SKB's siting process during the feasibility studies and in the consultation process during the site investigations? and Which democratic ideals were influential during the feasibility studies and in the consultation process? The study is based on qualitative methods, and the source materials consist of documents, interviews, and participant observations. In summary, the form of democracy that emerges in the four case studies can be described as delegated democracy. This means that a large part of the political preparatory work is delegated from parliamentary actors and arenas to sub-political actors and arenas. At the same time, this form of democracy is characterised by the final decisions being taken by elected representatives in the parliamentary arena. Most of the requisite information, however, is provided by a sub-political actor in sub-political arenas, as a result of the preparatory work having been delegated to SKB. This provision of information, however, is often intended to win support for SKB's activities. During the preparatory work, various forms of expertise are accorded great influence, while elected politicians, many of whom are laymen, have the final say in the decision making. This expert influence is also a consequence of the fact that the elected politicians have delegated the issue to a corporation and to opinion groups. The nuclear waste democracy is characterised by a division into two parts: on the one hand a process of deliberation between sub-political actors during the preparatory phase, and on the other a representative democracy in connection with decision-making. The large extent to which the preparatory work is delegated to sub-political actors, and the marginal degree of political decision making in parliamentary arenas are what make it possible to call this form of democracy delegated democracy. It will be of great future interest to study the government's public review process, investigation, and decision concerning SKB's application for a permit to construct a repository. First then will we learn the nature of the connection between the sub-political actors' preparatory work and the parliamentary actors' decision, or, put differently, we will then have a picture of how democratic the delegated handling of nuclear waste is
Accumulation of metals in vegetation established in ash constructions; Ackumulering av metaller i vegetation paa geotekniska askkonstruktioner
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hemstroem, Kristian; Wik, Ola (SGI, Statens geotekniska institut (Sweden)); Bramryd, Torleif; Johansson, Michael (Lunds Universitet, Miljoestrategi (Sweden)); Jaegerbrand, Annika (VTI, Statens Vaeg och transportforskningsinstitut (Sweden))
The overall aim of this study was to investigate how the use of ash in a long-term perspective affects the surrounding flora and fauna with regard to the accumulation of metals in the ecosystem through plant uptake and exposure to grazing animals. The study included a field study and a cultivation experiment. In the field study, the accumulation of metals and metalloids in leaves of trees and shrubs that had self established and grown in lysimeters with aged MSWI bottom ash and aged biofuel ash was determined. In the cultivation experiment, the accumulation of metals and metalloids from the studied materials in ryegrass was determined. Reference materials in the cultivation experiment were two conventional geotechnical materials, crushed rock and excavated soil. Leaves from trees and bushes in the vicinity of the ash lysimeters were used as reference materials in the field study. Contamination of plant samples with particles, through splashing during rain, dusting, or in connection with sampling, proved to have had a major impact on the measured metal and metalloid concentrations in several grass samples in the cultivation experiment. The results also indicate that contamination of plant samples with particles occurred in the field study. In this case, probably due to atmospheric deposition. The particle contamination complicated the evaluation of some of the results in the project since the intention was to study accumulation by roots from the studied ash materials, but, on the other hand, the particle contamination showed the importance of taking into account the spreading of contaminants through particles as an exposure route for grazing animals. In the field study, only Cd and Zn in aspen, willow and birch exhibited elevated levels in the leaves due to root uptake from MSWI bottom ash compared to the reference samples. In addition, elevated levels of As was observed in leaves from trees in the biofuel ash. The total content of As was similar in all studied ashes but the leachability was significantly higher in the biofuel ash. The measured concentrations in the leaves of ash lysimeters were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for cattle for all elements except Zn in willow, birch and aspen, where the levels were in the same range as TDI. However, the lower limit for TDI was exceeded for Zn also in some leaf samples from the reference areas. Thus, TDI for Zn seems rather low compared to concentrations that could normally occur in leaves from fast growing trees. Cultivation experiment showed that levels of Cu, Pb and Zn, and to some extent Cr and Cd, were clearly elevated in the ryegrass that grew in MSWI bottom ash. For Cu, Pb and to some extent Zn the concentrations exceeded the TDI for cattle. However, the measured concentrations were clearly affected by contamination of fine particulate MSWI bottom ash matter. This applied particularly to the grass samples from the pots with 100 % ash or reference material and not to those from with ash or reference material mixed with 50 wt % planting soil. In the grass growing in mixtures with 50 wt % MSWI bottom ash and 50 wt % plantation soil, the concentrations in the grasses were of the same magnitude as in the grasses from the reference materials, and below TDI for cattle. Ash utilization, Plant uptake, Bioaccumulation, Metal uptake
Demonstration of the vacuum drying technique on sludge from the paper and pulp industry; Demonstration av vakuumtorktekniken paa skogsindustriellt slam
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eklund, Anders [AaF-Energikonsult AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
Previous studies have indicated that a cost effective drying of sludge from the paper and pulp mills can be done by the use of vacuum at a lower water temperature. The purpose was to erect a pilot plant and test different types of sludge. Therefore, advantages and problems with this method could be determined. This work has planned and erected a complete pilot plant for continuous drying of sludge and the pilot plant occupies a hard surface of 10x10 meters. A drum type dryer is in the centre of the pilot plant and it has been modified for lower pressures. Other vital components are: handling of vapours, vacuum pump, hot water generation and materials handling of the sludge, both in wet and dry condition. First, tests where carried out to verify theories and previous laboratory studies. These test successfully confirmed that difficult sludge types could effectively be dried at lower temperatures by the use of vacuum. Then, tests where carried out on 9 different sludges from 7 different mills. Average sample weight was about 170 kg or 250 litres. All sludge samples could successfully be dried but with different levels of complexity. For an easier comprehension of the handling and drying, the different sludges were organised into three classes: sludge with a clear resemblance of clay, sludge with a resemblance of mud or earth and finally, sludge with a majority of fibres. Fibre type sludges were easy to dry to a high degree of dryness. However, they also dusted easily and thus, fibres easily carried over into the condensate. Earth type sludge was in wet condition difficult to handle. The drying was more time consuming and the sludge formed small round balls during the drying. These balls slowed the drying process but they were eventually gradually reduced and a higher degree of drying could continue. Clay type sludges formed already in the handling round balls and during drying these balls formed a hard dry outer layer, which contained moisture inside the balls. By the use of a small grinder these hard balls where crushed into a coarse powder and further drying could effectively take place. Finally, a cost calculation of a full-size plant is presented. However, our opinion is that the next step is to undertake specialised tests at the mills.
Effects of cutting characteristics on sprouting and early growth of willow; Effekter av sticklingsparametrar paa grobarhet och tillvaext hos salix
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Verwijst, Theo; Nordh, Nils-Erik; Lundkvist, Anneli
In plantations of willow, the size- and weight variability of established plants is increasing over time. This size-hierarchy development is enforced by competition for resources between plants, and is preserved by root reserves and maintained over harvest. This long-term development causes mortality of entire willow plants, and thereby to gaps in the stand, and production losses under later cutting cycles. Variations in productivity across a field may be caused by soil fertility- and moisture gradients and by differences in weed pressure. Even difference between adjacent plants during the establishment phase may be caused by small scale differences in the biotic (weeds) and abiotic (moisture, nutrients) direct environment of the plants. But the central question here is whether differences between single cuttings may contribute to the development of a size- and weight hierarchy between willow plants during the early establishment phase? And if so, (i) to what degree do differences between cuttings contribute to the development of a hierarchy and (ii) are we able, in commercial practice, to modify cutting handling and selection to minimise the development of early size variations between plants? This research project aimed to quantify how cutting length and -origin and cutting handling during planting affects survival and growth of plants in a willow stand under establishment. The goal was to identify and quantify cutting characteristics which are of relevance for a high viability and for a fast and equal establishment of a willow stand, and thereby to be able to recommend advice which leads to a faster and more reliable establishment of willows. The study was performed by means of two box experiments under controlled conditions and by means of a field experiment during May 2008 - September 2009, on the Ultuna campus (SLU) nearby Uppsala. In all trials, the clones Tora (Salix schwerinii x S. viminalis), Jorr (Salix viminalis), Olof (Salix viminalis x (Salix schwerinii x Salix viminalis)), Sven (Salix viminalis x (Salix schwerinii x Salix viminalis)) and Gudrun (Salix dasyclados) were used. In the box experiment 2008, we studied how cutting characteristics (clone, cutting length, weight and basal diameter, the original position of the cutting on the long shoot, and storage time under field conditions after long-term cold storage) affected survival, sprouting of shoots (emergence time, number of shoots, height growth rate) and shoot size (weight and leaf area development). In the box experiment 2009, we investigated how cutting characteristics and planting conditions, which led to different degrees of damage of the cuttings, affected survival, sprouting and consecutive growth. In the field experiment 2008-2009, we studied how cutting characteristics, in combination with a natural variation in soil conditions, weed pressure and competition from adjacent willows (planted in pure stands and in clonal mixtures) affected sprouting and survival during two seasons. This study showed that the investigated cutting characteristics, including choice of clone, have a profound influence on early establishment and thereby on the competitive ability against weeds. The size (length and diameter) of the cutting determines to a large degree how fast a plant can grow during early establishment. The phenological development rate (rate of bud burst and unfolding) largely depends on the cuttings origin along a long shoot (close to the base or to the top of a long shoot), and cuttings from a basal origin display a later bud burst. Even if large-sized cuttings (from an origin close to a long shoot base) tend to have a later bud burst than cuttings from an apical origin, cutting size is the major determinant for the size of a plant after about six weeks. Storage at field edge may result in bud burst on long shoots prior to planting, and in general those buds die at planting, resulting in burst of secondary buds. This process causes a delay in establishment and results in an increase in the relative size variation within an establishing stand. Plant
Rebound - Effects on the use of energy and environment by improvements in effectiveness; Effekter av effektivisering paa energibruk og miljoe
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Grepperud, Sverre; Rasmussen, Ingeborg
The purpose of this report is to evaluate possible long run effects on use of energy and CO2-emissions from improved energy efficiency in various production sectors and for some consumption goods. The results suggest that improved energy efficiency decrease energy consumption, but the initial reduction is modified over time due to Rebound effects which arises from changes in income and prices. Wide differences in changed energy use are observed across the sectors evaluated. The report also include an analysis of possible effects from installing new environmental technology or clean up technology at firm level. The consequences of such new technologies are found to depend on the type of technology implemented, but also on the type of environmental regulation a firm is subjected to. (author)
Accumulation of metals in vegetation established in ash constructions; Ackumulering av metaller i vegetation paa geotekniska askkonstruktioner
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hemstroem, Kristian; Wik, Ola (SGI, Statens geotekniska institut (Sweden)); Bramryd, Torleif; Johansson, Michael (Lunds Universitet, Miljoestrategi (Sweden)); Jaegerbrand, Annika (VTI, Statens Vaeg och transportforskningsinstitut (Sweden))
The overall aim of this study was to investigate how the use of ash in a long-term perspective affects the surrounding flora and fauna with regard to the accumulation of metals in the ecosystem through plant uptake and exposure to grazing animals. The study included a field study and a cultivation experiment. In the field study, the accumulation of metals and metalloids in leaves of trees and shrubs that had self established and grown in lysimeters with aged MSWI bottom ash and aged biofuel ash was determined. In the cultivation experiment, the accumulation of metals and metalloids from the studied materials in ryegrass was determined. Reference materials in the cultivation experiment were two conventional geotechnical materials, crushed rock and excavated soil. Leaves from trees and bushes in the vicinity of the ash lysimeters were used as reference materials in the field study. Contamination of plant samples with particles, through splashing during rain, dusting, or in connection with sampling, proved to have had a major impact on the measured metal and metalloid concentrations in several grass samples in the cultivation experiment. The results also indicate that contamination of plant samples with particles occurred in the field study. In this case, probably due to atmospheric deposition. The particle contamination complicated the evaluation of some of the results in the project since the intention was to study accumulation by roots from the studied ash materials, but, on the other hand, the particle contamination showed the importance of taking into account the spreading of contaminants through particles as an exposure route for grazing animals. In the field study, only Cd and Zn in aspen, willow and birch exhibited elevated levels in the leaves due to root uptake from MSWI bottom ash compared to the reference samples. In addition, elevated levels of As was observed in leaves from trees in the biofuel ash. The total content of As was similar in all studied ashes but the leachability was significantly higher in the biofuel ash. The measured concentrations in the leaves of ash lysimeters were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for cattle for all elements except Zn in willow, birch and aspen, where the levels were in the same range as TDI. However, the lower limit for TDI was exceeded for Zn also in some leaf samples from the reference areas. Thus, TDI for Zn seems rather low compared to concentrations that could normally occur in leaves from fast growing trees. Cultivation experiment showed that levels of Cu, Pb and Zn, and to some extent Cr and Cd, were clearly elevated in the ryegrass that grew in MSWI bottom ash. For Cu, Pb and to some extent Zn the concentrations exceeded the TDI for cattle. However, the measured concentrations were clearly affected by contamination of fine particulate MSWI bottom ash matter. This applied particularly to the grass samples from the pots with 100 % ash or reference material and not to those from with ash or reference material mixed with 50 wt % planting soil. In the grass growing in mixtures with 50 wt% MSWI bottom ash and 50 wt% plantation soil, the concentrations in the grasses were of the same magnitude as in the grasses from the reference materials, and below TDI for cattle
Effects of slash extraction on plant diversity in forests. Final report; Effekter av grotuttag paa vaexters maangfald. Slutrapport
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aastroem, Marcus; Nilsson, Christer [Umeaa Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Science
This project includes three studies designed to investigate the effects of slash extraction on forest plant diversity. The first study explores the previously unknown effects of commercial slash harvest after clear-felling on bryophytes and vascular plants. Differences between conventionally harvested (i.e. slash left) and slash-harvested stands were investigated 5-10 years after clear-cutting through analysis of 28 paired stands. In each stand we studied vegetation patterns in 0.1 ha plots divided into five 0.02 ha subplots. Species composition of mosses and liverworts in 0.1 ha plots was significantly affected by slash harvest, whereas composition of vascular plant species showed no differences between conventional and slash harvested plots. Species richness of liverworts was significantly reduced by slash harvest in plots of both sizes (0.1 ha and 0.02 ha), whereas moss richness was reduced only in the smaller plot size. The loss of liverwort species was largest, with approximately one third of the species disappearing. The species richness of vascular plants was not significantly affected by slash harvest in either plot size. Slash harvest also reduced species richness of forest bryophytes and of bryophytes typically growing on organic substrates in open habitats. Species richness of non-forest bryophytes on inorganic substrates remained unchanged. The second study evaluates the effects of slash-cover on ground living bryophytes in seven different clear-cuts. By transplanting ten different species of bryophytes in manipulated plots located to north-facing forest edges and the centres of the clear-cuts) we evaluated the effects of branch cover and full exposure on bryophyte growth and vitality. In the more sheltered, north-facing plots there was no difference between treatments. In the centre of the clear-cuts, however, both growth and vitality of exposed bryophytes were significantly lowered in exposed compared to covered plots. The third study investigates the effects of stand structure and microclimate on species richness and resilience of wood inhabiting mosses and liverworts. We investigated differences between pairs of mature and recently clear-cut spruce stands located to north- and south-facing slopes, respectively. Bryophyte richness was highest in north-facing stands of both successional stages and in south-facing forests whereas south-facing clear-cuts presented the lowest species numbers. In north-facing slopes there was no difference in liverwort species number between mature and young stands. The mosses, however, presented higher species numbers in young stands. In south-facing slopes liverwort species numbers were significantly lower in young compared to mature stands whereas no difference was detected regarding mosses. Our study indicates that south-facing stands lose species, particularly among liverworts, after disturbance whereas no such loss seems to occur on north-facing slopes. North-facing slopes also appear to be more suitable for establishment of wood inhabiting bryophytes after disturbance. Differences between north- and south facing stands are most likely due to microclimatic differences, in particular available moisture influencing both species persistence and establishment. These studies indicate that commercial slash-harvest affects plant species composition and richness. Effects are most likely linked to loss of substrate and changes in microclimate. Leaving more tree clusters that offer shade and creating or protecting coarse woody debris may mitigate negative effects on particularly wood inhabiting and moisture dependent organisms. Commercial slash harvest should not take place in shaded and moist habitats where the effects of clear-cutting are less severe and where the conditions are suitable for persistence and establishment of wood-inhabiting species.
Investigations of PAA degradation in aqueous solutions: Impacts of water hardness, salinity and DOC
Peracetic acid (PAA) is used in aquaculture under various conditions for disinfection purposes. However, there is lack of information about its environmental fate. Therefore, the impact of water hardness, salinity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on PAA-degradation within 5 hours was investigat...
Description of development of an analytical method for measurement of PAA in tattoo ink and PMU
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lassen, Pia
This review gives a background on azo pigments and primary aromatic amines (PAA) and describe how to develop a robust method for analyzing these in tattoo ink.......This review gives a background on azo pigments and primary aromatic amines (PAA) and describe how to develop a robust method for analyzing these in tattoo ink....
Lokalisering av arbeidsplasser og boliger
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Næss, Petter
En miljømessig effektiv lokalisering av arbeidsplasser og boliger sikter mot å begrense - og helst redusere - biltrafikk og miljøproblemer knyttet til bytransport, sammenliknet med alternative lokaliseringer. En effektiv transportmessig lokalisering kan også bidra til å redusere tap av verdifulle...... arealer (f eks jordbruksareal eller natur- og friluftsområder) utenfor dagens tettstedsgrense. Tiltaket må samtidig utformes slik at en kan bevare viktige bomiljøkvaliteter og så mye som mulig av de grønne arealene innenfor tettbebyggelsen....
Freshwater dispersion stability of PAA-stabilised cerium oxide nanoparticles and toxicity towards Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Booth, Andy, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465 (Norway); Størseth, Trond [SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465 (Norway); Altin, Dag [BioTrix, Trondheim N-7022 (Norway); Fornara, Andrea; Ahniyaz, Anwar [German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Product Safety, Berlin (Germany); Jungnickel, Harald; Laux, Peter; Luch, Andreas [SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Drottning Kristinas vag 45, SE-11686 Stockholm (Sweden); Sørensen, Lisbet [SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465 (Norway)
An aqueous dispersion of poly (acrylic acid)-stabilised cerium oxide (CeO{sub 2}) nanoparticles (PAA-CeO{sub 2}) was evaluated for its stability in a range of freshwater ecotoxicity media (MHRW, TG 201 and M7), with and without natural organic matter (NOM). In a 15 day dispersion stability study, PAA-CeO{sub 2} did not undergo significant aggregation in any media type. Zeta potential varied between media types and was influenced by PAA-CeO{sub 2} concentration, but remained constant over 15 days. NOM had no influence on PAA-CeO{sub 2} aggregation or zeta potential. The ecotoxicity of the PAA-CeO{sub 2} dispersion was investigated in 72 h algal growth inhibition tests using the freshwater microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. PAA-CeO{sub 2} EC{sub 50} values for growth inhibition (GI; 0.024 mg/L) were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than pristine CeO{sub 2} EC{sub 50} values reported in the literature. The concentration of dissolved cerium (Ce{sup 3+}/Ce{sup 4+}) in PAA-CeO{sub 2} exposure suspensions was very low, ranging between 0.5 and 5.6 μg/L. Free PAA concentration in the exposure solutions (0.0096–0.0384 mg/L) was significantly lower than the EC{sub 10} growth inhibition (47.7 mg/L) value of pure PAA, indicating that free PAA did not contribute to the observed toxicity. Elemental analysis indicated that up to 38% of the total Cerium becomes directly associated with the algal cells during the 72 h exposure. TOF-SIMS analysis of algal cell wall compounds indicated three different modes of action, including a significant oxidative stress response to PAA-CeO{sub 2} exposure. In contrast to pristine CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles, which rapidly aggregate in standard ecotoxicity media, PAA-stabilised CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles remain dispersed and available to water column species. Interaction of PAA with cell wall components, which could be responsible for the observed biomarker alterations, could not be excluded. This study indicates that the increased
"AV nodal" reentry: Part I: "AV nodal" reentry revisited
Janse, M. J.; Anderson, R. H.; McGuire, M. A.; Ho, S. Y.
This review is the first of a two-part series of articles on "atrioventricular [AV] nodal reentry." The early clinical literature as well as the experimental studies are reviewed, and more recent morphologic data are presented, with the aim of clarifying whether the reentrant circuit is confined to
Objektiv kumulasjon av voldgiftsregulerte krav
Jacobsen, Andreas Skjevik
Oppgaven omhandler adgangen til objektiv kumulasjon etter tvl. § 15-1 når ett eller flere krav er regulert av voldgiftsavtale, jf. vogl. §§ 9 og 10. En voldgiftsavtale reiser flere spørsmål i tilknytning til objektiv kumulasjon for domstolene. For det første må det tas stilling til den prinsipielle stillingen til voldgiftsregulerte krav ved domstolene. For det andre reiser objektiv kumulasjon særlige tolkningsspørsmål ved tolkningen av voldgiftsavtalen. Oppgavens kjerne er dermed å redegjøre ...
Regulering av termineringspriser i telebransjen
Lilloe-Olsen, Espen
Denne oppgaven analyserer konkurranse mellom mobile nettverk i telebransjen. Formålet med oppgaven er å gi en samlet gjennomgang av litteraturen både om hvorfor termineringspriser burde reguleres på dagens måte basert på langsiktige merkostnader (LRIC), og på en alternativ måte kalt 'bill-and-keep'. Det vil argumenteres for at regulering av termineringspriser basert på langsiktige merkostnader vil føre til et ineffektivt høyt prisnivå, og bidra til å forsterke ...
Phylogeographic analyses strongly suggest cryptic speciation in the giant spiny frog (Dicroglossidae: Paa spinosa) and interspecies hybridization in Paa.
Ye, Shupei; Huang, Hua; Zheng, Rongquan; Zhang, Jiayong; Yang, Guang; Xu, Shixia
Species identification is one of the most basic yet crucial issues in biology with potentially far-reaching implications for fields such as conservation, population ecology, and epidemiology. The widely distributed but threatened frog Paa spinosa has been speculated to represent a complex of multiple species. In this study, 254 individuals representing species of the genus Paa were investigated along the entire range of P. spinosa: 196 specimens of P. spinosa, 8 specimens of P. jiulongensis, 5 specimens of P. boulengeri, 20 specimens of P. exilispinosa, and 25 specimens of P. shini. Approximately 1333 bp of mtDNA sequence data (genes 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) were used. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. BEAST was used to estimate divergence dates of major clades. Results suggest that P. spinosa can be divided into three distinct major lineages. Each major lineage totally corresponds to geographical regions, revealing the presence of three candidate cryptic species. Isolation and differentiation among lineages are further supported by the great genetic distances between the lineages. The bifurcating phylogenetic pattern also suggests an east-west dispersal trend during historic cryptic speciation. Dating analysis estimates that P. spinosa from Western China split from the remaining P. spinosa populations in the Miocene and that P. spinosa from Eastern China diverged from Central China in the Pliocene. We also found that P. exilispinosa from Mainland China and Hong Kong might have a complex of multiple species. After identifying cryptic lineages, we then determine the discrepancy between the mtDNA and the morphotypes in several individuals. This discrepancy may have been caused by introgressive hybridization between P. spinosa and P. shini.
Phylogeographic analyses strongly suggest cryptic speciation in the giant spiny frog (Dicroglossidae: Paa spinosa and interspecies hybridization in Paa.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Shupei Ye
Full Text Available Species identification is one of the most basic yet crucial issues in biology with potentially far-reaching implications for fields such as conservation, population ecology, and epidemiology. The widely distributed but threatened frog Paa spinosa has been speculated to represent a complex of multiple species. In this study, 254 individuals representing species of the genus Paa were investigated along the entire range of P. spinosa: 196 specimens of P. spinosa, 8 specimens of P. jiulongensis, 5 specimens of P. boulengeri, 20 specimens of P. exilispinosa, and 25 specimens of P. shini. Approximately 1333 bp of mtDNA sequence data (genes 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA were used. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. BEAST was used to estimate divergence dates of major clades. Results suggest that P. spinosa can be divided into three distinct major lineages. Each major lineage totally corresponds to geographical regions, revealing the presence of three candidate cryptic species. Isolation and differentiation among lineages are further supported by the great genetic distances between the lineages. The bifurcating phylogenetic pattern also suggests an east-west dispersal trend during historic cryptic speciation. Dating analysis estimates that P. spinosa from Western China split from the remaining P. spinosa populations in the Miocene and that P. spinosa from Eastern China diverged from Central China in the Pliocene. We also found that P. exilispinosa from Mainland China and Hong Kong might have a complex of multiple species. After identifying cryptic lineages, we then determine the discrepancy between the mtDNA and the morphotypes in several individuals. This discrepancy may have been caused by introgressive hybridization between P. spinosa and P. shini.
Bruk av kartleggingsresultater i forbedringsarbeid
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nordahl, Thomas; Hansen, Line Skov
. Barnehagen har gjerne tilgang på informasjon fra kartlegginger, men det er ikke alltid denne informasjonen blir systematisk analysert og aktivt brukt i forbedringsarbeid. Forfatterne viser hvordan slike analyser kan gjennomføres på forskjellige nivåer i den enkelte barnehage, og vektlegger viktigheten av...
Peracetic Acid (PAA Disinfection: Inactivation of Microbial Indicators and Pathogenic Bacteria in a Municipal Wastewater Plant
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silvia Bonetta
Full Text Available Several studies have noted that treated and untreated wastewaters are primary contributors of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms to the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional wastewater treatment may not be sufficient to achieve microbiologically safe effluent to be discharged into natural waters or reused, thus requiring wastewater effluents to be disinfected. In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA has been adopted as a disinfectant for wastewater effluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disinfection efficiency of PAA at low doses (range 0.99–2.10 mg/L against microbial indicators and pathogenic bacteria in a municipal wastewater plant. Samples of untreated sewage and effluents before and after PAA treatment were collected seasonally for 1 year and were analysed for pathogenic Campylobacter, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli virulence genes using molecular methods; moreover, the detection of specific microbial indicators (E. coli, faecal coliforms, enterococci, C. perfringens and Salmonella spp. were carried out using culturing methods. Salmonella spp. DNA was found in all untreated sewage and effluent before PAA treatment, whereas it was recovered in 50% of the samples collected after PAA treatment. Although E. coli O157:H7 was never identified, the occurrence of Shiga-like toxin I amplicons was identified in 75% of the untreated sewage samples, in 50% of the effluents assayed before PAA treatment, and in 25% of the effluents assayed after PAA treatment, whereas the stx2 gene was never found. Campylobacter coli was only detected in one effluent sample before PAA treatment. In the effluents after PAA treatment, a lower load of indicator bacteria was observed compared to the effluents before treatment. The results of this study highlight that the use of low doses of PAA seems to lead to an improvement of the microbiological quality of the effluent, although it is not sufficient to guarantee its suitability for irrigation
Bruk av RPAS til kartlegging av avdekket fjell
Arnesen, Jonas Gjersaas
NORSK: Denne bacheloroppgaven omhandler Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) og ønsker å finne svar på om dette er et verktøy som kan benyttes til kartlegging av avdekket fjell – "Use of RPAS for surveying revealed rocks". Kartlegging med RPAS har mange likhetstrekk med tradisjonell flyfotografering fra fly og helikopter, og det er flybilder som er utgangspunktet for å generere de triangulerte terrengmodellene. Resultatene fra RPAS-flygningen vil bli sammenliknet med refera...
Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel.
Chen, Kai; Liu, Jinlong; Yang, Xuehui; Zhang, Dekun
PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel is prepared by freezing-thawing, PEG dehydration and annealing method. Orthogonal design method is used to choose the optimization combination. Results showed that HA and PVA have the maximum effect on water content. PVA and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on creep resistance and stress relaxation rate of hydrogel. Annealing temperature and freezing-thawing cycles have the maximum effect on compressive elastic modulus of hydrogel. Comparing with the water content and mechanical properties of 16 kinds of combination, PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel with freezing-thawing cycles of 3, annealing temperature of 120°C, PVA of 16%, HA of 2%, PAA of 4% has the optimization comprehensive properties. PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has a porous network structure. There are some interactions between PVA, HA and PAA in hydrogel and the properties of hydrogel are strengthened. The annealing treatment improves the crystalline and crosslinking of hydrogel. Therefore, the annealing PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel has good thermostability, strength and mechanical properties. It also has good lubrication property and its friction coefficient is relative low. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Norderhaug, Inger Natvig; Lauvrak, Vigdis; Juvet, Lene Kristine
NORSK: Bakgrunn En nasjonal pasientsikkerhetskampanje, med planlagt oppstart i 2011, er under forberedelse. For å støtte beslutningsprosessen rundt valg av innsatsområder og tiltak, har vi foretatt en hurtigoppsummering av kunnskapsgrunnlaget om effekt av et utvalg av tiltak for å forebygge trykksår hos pasienter i sykehjem og sykehus. Oppdrag Oppdraget ble gitt av Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten, sekretariatet for pasientsikkerhetskampanjen 2011. Hovedkonklusjoner ...
Influence of vegetation and sewage sludge on sealing layer of fly ashes in post-treatment of mine tailings impoundments; Inverkan av vegetation och roetslam paa taetskikt av flygaska vid efterbehandling av sandmagasin
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Greger, Maria; Neuschuetz, Clara (Inst. of Bothany, Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)); Isaksson, Karl-Erik (Boliden Mineral AB, Stockholm (Sweden))
Mining industry produces 25 Mton mine tailings yearly that are deposited in impoundments in the nature. When this sand, containing sulphur rich minerals, reacts with oxygen and water it starts to weather and acidic metal rich water is formed. To prevent this, the sand can be covered with a sealing layer and a protective cover layer with vegetation. As sealing and cover materials fly ashes and sewage sludge can be used. The aim of this investigation was to find out: 1) how sealing layer of fly ashes with and without sewage sludge, and a cover with sewage sludge can be placed practically on mine tailings in a cold climate. 2) how such a cover should be constructed to minimize the risk of root penetration and leakage of nutrients and metals 3) which vegetation that is most suitable This was investigated in field- and greenhouse tests with a sealing layer of fly ash and/or sewage sludge with a cover layer of sewage sludge in which different plant species were established. The practical application was performed in 0.3-1 ha plots at a mine tailings impoundments at Boliden. The ability of plant roots to penetrate a sealing layer was investigated, as well as the effect of simulated root exudates on the penetration resistance in hardened ash. Leakage of nutrients and metals from cover layer of sewage sludge, in some cases with sealing layers beneath, was investigated in field and greenhouse lysimeters. Various plant species were compared on their ability to affect metal and nutrient leakage as well as root penetration and shattering of the hardened ashes. The project was a cooperation between Stockholm University and Boliden Mineral AB, and the field tests were performed at the impoundment Gillervattnet in Boliden and in Garpenberg. Cooperating were also Iggesund Paperboard, Skellefteaa Kraft, Stora Enso Fors, Umeaa Energi and Vattenfall, all producers of ashes that were used, as well as Stockholm Vatten AB, which produced the sewage sludge. The most important conclusions are that: It is possible to apply a sealing layer of ashes on mine tailings independent of season due to the quick hardening process of the ashes. Sewage sludge can, on the other hand, only be applied when the tailings are frozen. The application leads to a rise in the ground water level in the tailings Covering of mine tailings with sewage sludge and fly ash decreases the metal leakage. The higher proportion of sewage sludge in the cover layer the more N and P and less metals is released. The leakage decreases with time. Plant establishment in general decreases the leakage of metals and nutrients, especially by decreasing the amount of leakage water. Because of great amounts of nitrate in sewage sludge plants with a high uptake of nitrate is to prefer to decrease the nitrogen leakage. Some plant species can loosen up the surface of hardened fly ash, and in that way influence the sealing layer structure. This may lead to increased breaking down of secondary minerals, which can be important for the stability of the sealing layer. It is possible that excretion of sacharids from plant roots can increase shattering of ash, and that such exudation increases in the presence of ash. Estimation of the resistance needed to avoid root penetration were made to approx2,5 MPa. Addition of sewage sludge increases the risk of root penetration of a sealing layer. Since roots can affect a thin sealing layer a thickness of approximately 0.5 meter is recommended
Impact assessment of the impact on nature values of the construction and operation of the repository for spent nuclear fuel at Forsmark; Konsekvensbedoemning av paaverkan paa naturvaerden av anlaeggande och drift av slutfoervar foer anvaent kaernbraensle i Forsmark
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Allmer, Johan (Ekologigruppen AB, Stockholm (Sweden))
Construction and operation of a repository at Soederviken in Forsmark, Oesthammar municipality means impact, effects and consequences for the environment. This report describes the natural conditions and natural values in Forsmark with particular focus on Soederviken. Furthermore, an assessment of consequences for the natural environment in the development and operation of a repository at Soederviken. Assessment of impacts from water activities are treated in a special report.
Morphological and Optical Characterization of High Density Au/PAA Nanoarrays
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mohamed Shaban
Full Text Available Hexagonal nanoarrays of Au nanorods and nanopillar were deposited on nanoporous anodic alumina (PAA membranes utilizing dc electrodeposition. The surface morphologies and optical properties were characterized by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The optical reflectance spectra of the as-prepared, pore widened, and 2D-Au nanorods-coated PAA membranes were studied in detail. The effects of the angle of incident, pore widening time, and electrodeposition time on the characteristic peaks positions and intensities of the fabricated nanoarrays were addressed. As the angle of incident increased, the interference peaks and transverse surface resonance are shifted to longer wavelengths, but the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance is shifted to shorter wavelengths. Also, the reflected intensities are decreased linearly for the as-prepared sample and decreased exponentially for Au/PAA samples. Using the modified Kubelka-Munk radiative transfer model, the energy gap is increased from 2.83 to 3.06 eV and the refractive index is decreased from 1.84 to 1.36 for the as-prepared and 70 min pore widened PAA membranes, respectively. Based on the advantages of the fabrication approach and the enhanced and controlled properties, this generation of Au/PAA arrays can be used as efficient building blocks for nanoelectronics and nanophotonic devices.
Social Service
The 500 or so participants in the fifth Preparation for Retirement seminar held at the end of March were unfortunately deprived of the planned session on the AVS due to the unavailability of the Director of the Caisse Cantonale Genevoise de Compensation (CCGC). We have since had formal confirmation that because of an extra workload due to important changes in the Swiss tax and social legislation and the implementation this summer of the maternity insurance in Geneva, the CCGC has suspended its participation in preparation for retirement seminars in the international organisations for the time being. Conscious of the necessity of offering a session dedicated to the AVS, it is with pleasure that we can inform you that one of our legal advisers, Mr Lorenz Stampfli, has accepted to lead this session. In order to allow for adequate preparation we have reserved the following date: Wednesday 26 September from 14.00 to 16.00 in the Main Amphitheatre The session will be open to all people already registered and any o...
Pre/post-strike atmospheric assessment system (PAAS)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Peglow, S. G.; Molitoris, J. D.
The Pre/Post-Strike Atmospheric Assessment System was proposed to show the importance of local meteorological conditions in the vicinity of a site suspected of storing or producing toxic agents and demonstrate a technology to measure these conditions, specifically wind fields. The ability to predict the collateral effects resulting from an attack on a facility containing hazardous materials is crucial to conducting effective military operations. Our study approach utilized a combination of field measurements with dispersion modeling to better understand which variables in terrain and weather were most important to collateral damage predictions. To develop the PAAS wind-sensing technology, we utilized a combination of emergent and available technology from micro-Doppler and highly coherent laser systems. The method used for wind sensing is to probe the atmosphere with a highly coherent laser beam. As the beam probes, light is back-scattered from particles entrained in the air to the lidar transceiver and detected by the instrument. Any motion of the aerosols with a component along the beam axis leads to a Doppler shift of the received light. Scanning in a conical fashion about the zenith results in a more accurate and two-dimensional measurement of the wind velocity. The major milestones in the benchtop system development were to verify the design by demonstrating the technique in the laboratory, then scale the design down to a size consistent with a demonstrator unit which could be built to take data in the field. The micro-Doppler heterodyne system we developed determines absolute motion by optically mixing a reference beam with the return signal and has shown motion sensitivity to better than 1 cm/s. This report describes the rationale, technical approach and laboratory testing undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a system to provide local meteorological data and predict atmospheric particulate motion. The work described herein was funded by
Kritik av den negativa uppbyggligheten
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Stjernfelt, Frederik; Thomsen, Søren Ulrik
Under efterkrigstiden har ett märkligt fenomen fått fäste i kulturen. Ett konstverk, en handling, en utsaga bedöms inte längre efter om de är sköna, goda och sanna, utan efter om de bryter mot regler, gör uppror mot det konventionella eller angriper etablerade tänkesätt. Överskridandet av normer...... och provokationen mot inrotade uppfattningar framställs som viktigare än de positiva resultaten, avståndstagandet viktigare än ställningstagandet. Från att ha varit idéer hos ett fåtal filosofer, konstnärer och bohemer har denna negativism efterhand blivit en ideologi för den breda massan. Den...
Arvelig hemokromatose - nytten av screening
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arne Åsberg
Full Text Available Arvelig hemokromatose fører til jernopphopning i kroppen, men gir sjelden alvorlig helseskade. Nesten alle hemokromatosepasienter i vårt land er homozygote for C282Y-mutasjonen i HFE-genet. Omtrent 7 per 1000 innbyggere har denne genotypen. Alvorlig syke blir bare omkring 5-15% av homozygote menn og nesten ingen kvinner. Likevel er det holdepunkter for at screening for hemokromatose blant friske, yngre menn kan være kostnadseffektivt. Det er relativt lett å påvise om en person er disponert for sykdommen, i god tid før den bryter ut, og forebyggende behandling er billig og effektiv. Imidlertid kan vi ikke forutsi hvilke screeningpositive personer som ubehandlet får alvorlig sykdom. Et kontrollert forsøk med screening bør gjennomføresHereditary hemochromatosis – benefits of screening. Hereditary hemochromatosis leads to iron accumulation in the body; however, serious illness due to hemochromatosis is rare. In Norway, almost all patients with hemochromatosis are homozygous for the C282Ymutation in the HFE-gene, a genotype carried by about 7 per 1000 inhabitants. Serious complications are seen in only about 5-15% of homozygous men and in very few women. Nevertheless, screening young men for hemochromatosis may be cost-effective. Detecting predisposed men is relatively straightforward, and prophylactic treatment is cheap and effective. However, we can not predict, among screen-positive men, the few who untreated will become seriously ill. A controlled screening trial should be conducted.
Wood-ash addition on a drained forest peatland in Southern Sweden - Effects on water chemistry; Tillfoersel av biobra ensleaska i tallskog paa en dikad torvmark i soedra Sverige - Effekter paa vattenkemin
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ring, Eva; Broemssen, Claudia von; Losjoe, Katarina; Sikstroem Ulf
Wood ash can be used for forest fertilization on peatlands or for nutrient compensation following intensive harvesting. This project was performed in order to investigate effects on water chemistry of applying wood ash to a Scots pine stand on a drained peatland. Ditch-water chemistry was monitored before and after the application of wood ash. Furthermore, groundwater was collected and chemically analyzed both from the ash-treated peatland and from an adjacent untreated reference peatland. Both short term (a few months) and more long term effects (up to three years after application) were detected on water chemistry
Monitoring of test roads with MSWI bottom ash in the sub-base. Measurements with falling weight deflectometer on test structures in Malmoe and Umeaa; Uppfoeljning av befintliga slaggrusprovvaegar. Fallviktsmaetning paa provstraeckor paa Toerringevaegen i Malmoe och Daavamyran i Umeaa
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Arm, Maria [Swedish Geotechnical Inst., Linkoeping (Sweden)
There are a number of Swedish test roads and test areas with processed municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, here called MSWI gravel. It is used in different road layers and for different purposes. Many of these have been monitored through falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements. The main purpose of this project is to increase the knowledge of the long-term strength of MSWI gravel, when it is used as a road material. Another purpose is to take advantage of the existing test roads. FWD measurements have been performed on two of the existing test roads with MSWI gravel in the sub-base. One road was constructed in 2001 and is situated in Umeaa, close to the Daava power station of Umeaa Energi. The other test road was constructed in 1998 in Toerringe, outside Malmoe. In both cases a test structure as well as a reference structure has been measured. Both test roads have been measured before and the data from this project have been evaluated in the same way as earlier (layer moduli for different layers and surface modulus for the whole road structure respectively). The result is presented and compared with the earlier data. The values obtained for the MSWI gravel have also been related to the corresponding values for the crushed rock material in the reference structures. The result shows that in Toerringe, the stiffness of the MSWI gravel has not changed compared with the results from earlier measurements. However, in Daava the stiffness of the test structure was lower in 2004 than in 2002. In both test roads, the test structure had lower stiffness than the reference structure. In Toerringe, the ratio between the stiffness of the test structure and the stiffness of the reference structure was unchanged. In Daava, however, the stiffness ratio had increased. The stiffness increase that has been observed on an older test road in Linkoeping has not been observed on these roads with MSWI gravel of more 'modern' type. It is maybe due to the longer storage time before use, for modern bottom ash. This project is the only long-term monitoring of this type in Sweden and therefore the result is unique. The experiences could be used when planning new similar objects. It is then important with homogenous subgrade conditions, a reference structure (of course), careful documentation of the construction and a monitoring period that is longer than two-three years. It is recommended to continue the monitoring of the two test roads with FWD measurements in 2006. The object is to see whether the trend in Toerringe continues and to see what the trend in Daava is. It is also recommended to monitor the water content in the two roads, in order to explain the results better. This study, as well as earlier laboratory and field studies, shows that MSWI gravel is less stiff than crushed rock with larger particle size. Today, the stiffness is used as input in the design manual of The Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA). Bearing capacity is another measure of strength that could be used. Bearing capacity is the resistance to permanent deformation/settlements during loading. Laboratory tests have shown that MSWI gravel has better bearing capacity than natural gravel with the same particle size. SNRA and SGI are working to include the bearing capacity in the future design manual.
Förpackning av keramiska substrat
Karlsson, Jan
Detta examensarbete handlar om forpackning av keramiska substrat. Canning ar det universella namnet pa forpackning av keramiska substrat. Keramiska substrat kan vara katalysatorer eller partikelfilter som anvands som ett efterbehandlingssystem i bensin och Diesel applikationer. Examensarbetet genomfordes hos Scania CV AB. I installationsprocessen sveps en keramisk fibermatta runt det keramiska substratet. Substratet inkapslas sedan med ett metalholje. Rapporten inleds med att beskriva olika i...
Lability of the pAA Virulence Plasmid in Escherichia coli O104:H4: Implications for Virulence in Humans.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wenlan Zhang
Full Text Available Escherichia coli O104:H4 that caused the large German outbreak in 2011 is a highly virulent hybrid of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC and enteroaggregative (EAEC E. coli. The strain displays "stacked-brick" aggregative adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells mediated by aggregative adherence fimbriae I (AAF/I encoded on the pAA plasmid. The AAF/I-mediated augmented intestinal adherence might facilitate systemic absorption of Shiga toxin, the major virulence factor of EHEC, presumably enhancing virulence of the outbreak strain. However, the stability of pAA in the outbreak strain is unknown. We therefore tested outbreak isolates for pAA, monitored pAA loss during infection, and determined the impact of pAA loss on adherence and clinical outcome of infection.E. coli O104:H4 outbreak isolates from 170 patients (128 with hemolytic uremic syndrome [HUS] and 42 with diarrhea without HUS were tested for pAA using polymerase chain reaction and plasmid profiling. pAA-harboring bacteria in stool samples were quantified using colony blot hybridization, and adherence to HCT-8 cells was determined. Isolates from 12 (7.1% patients lacked pAA. Analyses of sequential stool samples demonstrated that the percentages of pAA-positive populations in the initial stools were significantly higher than those in the follow-up stools collected two to eight days later in disease (P≤0.01. This indicates a rapid loss of pAA during infections of humans. The pAA loss was associated with loss of the aggregative adherence phenotype and significantly reduced correlation with HUS (P = 0.001.The pAA plasmid can be lost by E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain in the human gut in the course of disease. pAA loss might attenuate virulence and diminish the ability to cause HUS. The pAA instability has clinical, diagnostic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary implications.
Syncope and Idiopathic (Paroxysmal) AV Block.
Brignole, Michele; Deharo, Jean-Claude; Guieu, Regis
Syncope due to idiopathic AV block is characterized by: 1) ECG documentation (usually by means of prolonged ECG monitoring) of paroxysmal complete AV block with one or multiple consecutive pauses, without P-P cycle lengthening or PR interval prolongation, not triggered by atrial or ventricular premature beats nor by rate variations; 2) long history of recurrent syncope without prodromes; 3) absence of cardiac and ECG abnormalities; 4) absence of progression to persistent forms of AV block; 5) efficacy of cardiac pacing therapy. The patients affected by idiopathic AV block have low baseline adenosine plasma level values and show an increased susceptibility to exogenous adenosine. The APL value of the patients with idiopathic AV block is much lower than patients affected by vasovagal syncope who have high adenosine values. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Reliabilitet av den norske versjonen av Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Botolfsen, Pernille; Helbostad, Jorunn L.
Hensikt: Vurdere intratester-, intertester-, og test-retest reliabilitet av den norske versjonen av «Timed Up and Go» (TUG). Design: Metodestudie som benytter tverrsnittsstudie-design. Materiale og metode: Tretti personer (20 kvinner og 10 menn) over 75 år (gjennomsnitt 82,5) gjennomførte TUG tre ganger. To fysioterapeuter skåret deltagerne. For utregning av relativ reliabilitet ble intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) anvendt, og for utregning av absolutt reliabilitet b...
Synthesis and photoluminescence enhancement of nano-PAA-ZnCl2 with controllable dimension and morphology
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wu, Jianguo; Wang, Kaige; Zhou, Yukun; Wang, Shuang; Zhang, Chen; Wang, Guiren
Highlights: • One kind of large area nano-PAA-ZnCl 2 composite film is fabricated, its dimension and morphology is controllable. The properties of nano-composite films have been heavily influenced by the concentration of initial ZnCl 2 solution, the depth of nano-PAAM substrate and the growth time of ZnCl 2 crystals. • At room temperature, the nano-PAA-ZnCl 2 film has the same excitation center (335 nm) and emission center (430 nm) as the nano-PAAM substrate, and the PL intensities can be doubly enhanced. • After annealing at 500 °C, the emission peak spectra of the nano-composite films stabilized at 385 nm, 402 nm, and 430 nm. - Abstract: One kind of ZnCl 2 nano-films with controllable dimension and morphology is successfully synthesized on the top surface of nano-porous anodic alumina membrane (nano-PAAM) by self-organized method. The nano-PAA-ZnCl 2 composite films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the concentration of initial ZnCl 2 solution, the depth of nano-PAAM substrate and the growth time of ZnCl 2 crystals have important influences on the properties of nano-composite films. Furthermore, the characteristics of nano-composites such as the photoluminescence (PL) spectra are investigated. Compared with the nano-PAAM substrate, at room temperature, all of the nano-PAA-ZnCl 2 composite films have both the same excitation center (335 nm) and emission center (430 nm), no matter what the nano-composite morphologies being; and the PL intensity of nano-PAA-ZnCl 2 composite films are all enhanced and the maximum enhancement is two times; after annealing at 500 °C, the emission spectra of the nano-composite films stabilized at the 385 nm, 402 nm and 430 nm. The research provides a new, simple, economical and practical technology to fabricate nano-PAA composite films with higher luminousintensity.
Situasjonsbestemt ledelse av studentgrupper i friluftsliv
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Odd Lennart Vikene
Full Text Available Artikkelen gir et praktisk eksempel på hvordan ulike studentgrupper i forbindelse med bygging av nødbivuakk i vinterfjellet opplevde min situasjonsbestemte ledelse som veileder. Teorigrunnlaget viser til situasjonsbestemte ledelsesmodeller og hva som kjennetegner god veiledning i friluftsliv. Datainnsamlingen bygger på kvantitative data fra et spørreskjema og benyttes til å analysere studentenes opplevelse av veileders ledelse ut i fra rangeringsmetoden Visuell Analog Skala (VAS. Fra samme spørreskjema var det også et åpent spørsmål som benyttes til refleksjon over studentenes opplevelse av sikkerhet i undervisningssituasjonen. Resultatene viser at studentgruppene opplevde klare ledelsesforskjeller gjennom de ulike fasene som ledelsen ble delt opp i, men at ledelsesatferden varierte lite i forhold til gruppenes erfaringsgrunnlag. Resultatene tyder på at jeg som veileder i stor grad har blitt påvirket av mine tidligere erfaringer og den potensielle risikoen som ligger ved aktiviteten. Selv om den situasjonsbestemte ledelsen varierte lite mellom de tre gruppene, viser resultatenes store standardavvik at de ulike smågruppene opplevde at ledelsen varierte. Dette tyder på at jeg som veileder til en viss grad har evnet å benytte situasjonsbestemt ledelse i praksis. På grunn av studentgruppenes relativt like oppfatning av ledelsen i de ulike fasene, viser resultatene også noe av vanskelighetene veileder har i forhold til å gjøre en korrekt vurdering av gruppens evner og erfaring i relasjon til læringssituasjonene som oppstår. Sentralt for ledelsen er likevel at studentgruppene opplevde ledelsen som betryggende, noe som gir studentene et godt grunnlag for senere opplevelser i tilknytning til vinterfriluftsliv og bygging av nødbivuakk.
Uptake of AV-1451 in meningiomas.
Bruinsma, Tyler J; Johnson, Derek R; Fang, Ping; Senjem, Matthew; Josephs, Keith A; Whitwell, Jennifer L; Boeve, Bradley F; Pandey, Mukesh K; Kantarci, Kejal; Jones, David T; Vemuri, Prashanthi; Murray, Melissa; Graff-Radford, Jonathan; Schwarz, Christopher G; Knopman, David S; Petersen, Ronald C; Jack, Clifford R; Lowe, Val J
AV-1451 is an imaging agent labeled with the positron-emitting radiolabel Fluorine-18. 18F-AV-1451 binds paired helical filament tau (PHF-tau), a pathology related to Alzheimer's disease. In our study of AV-1451 uptake in the brains of cognitively normal subjects, we noted a case of a meningioma with visually significant uptake of AV-1451. We initiated the present retrospective study to further examine cases of meningioma that underwent AV-1451 imaging. We searched the patient records of 650 patients who had undergone AV-1451 at our institution for the keyword "meningioma" to identify potential cases. PET/CT and MRI results were visually reviewed and semi-quantitative analysis of PET was performed. A paired student's t test was run between background and tumor standard uptake values. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications on CT. We identified 12 cases of meningioma, 58% (7/12) of which demonstrated uptake greater than background using both visual analysis and tumor-to-normal cortex ratios (T/N + 1.90 ± 0.83). The paired student's t test revealed no statistically significant difference between background and tumor standard uptake values (p = 0.09); however, cases with a T/N ratio greater than one showed statistically higher uptake in tumor tissue (p = 0.01). A significant association was noted between AV-1451 uptake and presence of calcifications (p = 0.01). AV-1451 PET imaging should be reviewed concurrently with anatomic imaging to prevent misleading interpretations of PHF-tau distribution due to meningiomas.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of a PaaX-like protein from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cao, Yi; Lou, Zhiyong; Sun, Yuna; Xue, Fei; Feng, Changzeng; Gong, Xiaocui; Yang, Dongmei; Bartlam, Mark; Meng, Zhaohui; Zhang, Keqin
In this study, the PaaX-like protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was successfully crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. PaaX is a global regulator of the phenylacetyl-coenzyme A catabolon that adjusts the expression of different operons to that of the paa-encoded central pathway. In this study, the PaaX-like protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was successfully crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. Diffraction data were obtained to a resolution of 3.0 Å using synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory. The crystal belonged to space group P321, with unit-cell parameters a = 86.4, b = 86.4, c = 105.5 Å
Electrical conduction of polyimide films prepared from polyamic acid (PAA and pre-imidized polyimide (PI solution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Full Text Available Electrical conduction characteristics in two different polyimide films prepared by the imidization of polyamic acid (PAA and pre-imidized polyimide (PI solution were investigated. It is found that the current density of the polyimide film from PAA was higher than that of the polyimide film from PI at the same electric field, even though the conduction mechanism in both polyimide films follows the ionic hopping model. The hopping distance was calculated to be 2.8 nm for PAA type and 3.2 nm for PI type polyimide film. It is also found that the decay rate of the residual electrostatic charges on the polyimide films becomes faster in the PAA type than in the PI type polyimide film.
Water and Wastewater Disinfection with Peracetic Acid and UV Radiation and Using Advanced Oxidative Process PAA/UV
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jeanette Beber de Souza
Full Text Available The individual methods of disinfection peracetic acid (PAA and UV radiation and combined process PAA/UV in water (synthetic and sanitary wastewater were employed to verify the individual and combined action of these advanced oxidative processes on the effectiveness of inactivation of microorganisms indicators of fecal contamination E. coli, total coliforms (in the case of sanitary wastewater, and coliphages (such as virus indicators. Under the experimental conditions investigated, doses of 2, 3, and 4 mg/L of PAA and contact time of 10 minutes and 60 and 90 s exposure to UV radiation, the results indicated that the combined method PAA/UV provided superior efficacy when compared to individual methods of disinfection.
Nedbrytning av utvalgte plantevernmidler i norsk jordsmonn
Haneborg, Mads Alexander
Denne masteroppgaven har hatt som formål å modellere nedbrytningen av et utvalg sprøytemidler som ble testet på to norske forsøksfelt, i Stjørdal og Klepp med ulike klimatiske forhold og jordsmonn. For begge forsøksfelt ble det foretatt uttak av jordprøver over en periode på ett år fra sprøytingen, i tidsrommet fra mai 2012 til juni 2013. Jordprøvene ble analysert ved bruk av LC-MS/MS etter prøveopparbeiding med væskeekstraksjon. Intern standard metode ble benyttet til kvantifise...
The auxins, IAA and PAA, are synthesized by similar steps catalyzed by different enzymes.
Cook, Sam D; Ross, John J
One of the fundamental plant growth substances, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), belongs to a class of phytohormones known as auxins. The main IAA biosynthesis pathway involves the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid, which is in turn converted to IAA. The two enzymes responsible for these conversions, members of the TAA1 and YUCCA gene families, respectively, have recently been implicated in the synthesis of another auxin, phenylacetic acid (PAA). While there is some evidence to support this theory, there are also some concerns. Here we address the question: to what extent does the TAA1/YUCCA system contribute to the biosynthesis of PAA? In addition, we highlight the importance of measuring auxin metabolites and conjugates in addressing such questions.
Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in black nylon and other food-contact materials, 2004-2009
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Trier, Xenia Thorsager; Okholm, B.; Foverskov, Annie
demands for in-house documentation, but they remained almost constant from 2005 to 2009. The validity of the results was shown by recovery studies, participation in proficiency testing, and comparative testing of utensils by two laboratories. Migration modelling was used to compare how various compliance......Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in migrates from 234 samples of food-contact materials, including black nylon (polyamide) kitchen utensils (n = 136), coloured plastics (28), and clear/printed multilayer film/laminates (41......), from retailers, importers, and food producers. A further 29 utensils in use were obtained from colleagues. Very high PAA migration was found from black nylon kitchen utensils to the food simulant 3% acetic acid: the 'non-detectable' limit (20 mu g aniline equivalents kg-1 food) was exceeded by up...
EDXRF and PAA analyses of Dacian gold coins of 'koson' type
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cojocaru, V.; Constantinescu, B.; Stefanescu, I.; Petolescu, C.M.
Twenty-one gold coins of koson type, considered to be the only kind of gold coins issued by Dacians, were analyzed using EDXRF and PAA methods. Three groups of coins of different compositions were found, corresponding to coins with simple monogram, complex monogram and no monogram. The gold of koson coins is not a natural one (electrum) from present Romania's territory, but is similar to the gold of pseudo-Lysimachan staters. Some possible historical conclusions are discussed. (author)
Complex formation between the anionic polymer (PAA) and a cationic drug (procaine HCI): characterization by microcalorimetric studies.
Govender, T; Ehtezazi, T; Stolnik, S; Illum, L; Davis, S S
Due to the importance of drug-polymer interactions in, inter alia, drug loading/release, supramolecular assemblies and DNA delivery for gene therapy, the aim of this study was therefore to establish the mechanism of interaction between a model polymer (Polyacrylic acid, PAA) and a model drug (procaine HCl). This was performed by studying the effect of salt (KCl) concentration on their heat released values using Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry (ITM). The integrated released heat data were computer fitted to a one class binding model and the thermodynamic parameters (Kobs, deltaH, and N) were determined. As the KCl concentration was increased, Kobs decreased thus establishing the salt dependence of the interaction. The linear variation of deltaGobs with deltaSobs indicated that their interaction was entropically driven. The stoichiometry of the interaction was calculated to be one procaine molecule per monomer of PAA. Dissection of the total observed free energy at each KCI concentration indicated that the contribution of the non-electrostatic attractions to the interaction of PAA with procaine HCl was greater than those of the electrostatic attractions. We have shown that the interaction between PAA and procaine HCl is dependent upon the presence of counterions (monovalent ions) and is mainly entropically driven. The calculated stoichiometry indicated that one procaine HCl molecule neutralised one carboxylic acid group on PAA. Although electrostatic interactions were necessary for initiating complex formation, the non-electrostatic forces were dominant in stabilising the PAA-procaine HCl complex.
Quadrangular prism: a unique self-assembly from amphiphilic hyperbranched PMA-b-PAA.
Xue, Xiaoqiang; Li, Fang; Huang, Wenyan; Yang, Hongjun; Jiang, Bibiao; Zheng, Yiliang; Zhang, Dongliang; Fang, Jianbo; Kong, Lizhi; Zhai, Guangqun; Chen, Jianhai
The novel hyperbranched poly(methyl acrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid)s (HBPMA-b-PAAs) are successfully synthesized via single-electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP), followed with hydrolysis reaction. The copolymer solution could spontaneously form unimolecular micelles composed of the hydrophobic core (PMA) and the hydrophilic shell (PAA) in water. Results show that the size of spherical particles increases from 8.18 to 19.18 nm with increased pH from 3.0 to 12.0. Most interestingly, the unique regular quadrangular prisms with the large microstructure (5.70 μm in length, and 0.47 μm in width) are observed by the self-assembly of unimolecular micelles when pH value is below 2. Such self-assembly behavior of HBPMA-b-PAA in solution is significantly influenced by the pH cycle times and concentration, which show that increased polymer concentration favors aggregate growth. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
AVS (Application Visualization System) user's guide
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Masuko, Kenji; Kato, Katsumi; Gorai, Kazuo; Yamazaki, Kazuhiko.
Computer and network environment for image processing has been developed and maintained under the course of establishing a distributed processing environment by the information system operating division. We introduced a server for image processing, AVS for image processing software and an animation processing system (video, frame scan converter). This report summarizes the information to use AVS and to develop and maintain computer and network environment for image processing. (author)
Study of flue gas condensers with reference to corrosion risks, biofuel quality, techniques and choice of material; Kartlaeggning av roekgaskondenseringsanlaeggningar med avseende paa korrosionsrisker, biobraenslekvaliteter, teknik och materialval
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Stenqvist, Per-Aake
Corrosion in flue gas appliances installed in small and medium sized biomass fired boiler plants has become a problem in an increasing number of sites around Sweden. A trend seems to be that the problems are greater in those plants that use so called terminal chips than those that utilize more homogeneous fuels. In pace with the increasing number of biomass power plants in the country, the demand for cheaper fuel is increased. Through the increasing number of fuel terminals the market is provided even with biofuel mixes in the form of traditional wood chips mixed with bark, forest residue, sawdust, willow, returned wood, etc. Both users and suppliers of boiler and flue gas systems, and fuel suppliers have currently no clear rules or guidelines for relationships between different chemical properties of fuels, technologies, operating data and material. In this report has experience in the form of questionnaires completed by field visits, interviews of operational personnel and literature studies been compiled from a number of plants using different types of flue gas condensers for increased energy output from various types of bio fuels. The purpose of this assignment is to survey the flue gas condensation plant in biomass fired boiler plants for the presence of corrosion damage made in relation to the use of technologies and fuel qualities. A milestone is that the report will be able to be used to support the selection of materials and appropriate techniques for both new facilities and for the repair and improvement of existing ones. Another objective is to compile existing experience and assessment criteria which are reported in the literature. This report describes some typical construction techniques, whenever applicable harmful images and links to various substances present in fuels, ash and condensate
Tools for system validation. Dynamic modelling of the direct condenser at Sandvik II in Vaexjoe; Hjaelpmedel foer systemvalidering. Dynamisk modellering av direktkondensorn paa Sandvik II i Vaexjoe
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Raaberg, Martin [Dynasim AB, Lund (Sweden); Tuszynski, Jan [Sycon Energikonsult AB, Malmoe (Sweden)
The project reported here aimed to test the suitability of existing computer tools for modelling of energy processes. The suggested use for the models are at the early tests and validations of new, refurbished or modernised thermal plants. The technique presented in this report should be applicable for clarification of the scope of delivery and testing for both the process and tile control system. The validation process can thus be simplified, allowing risk reduction and predictability of the commissioning. The main delays and economical misfortune often occurs during commissioning. This report should prove the feasibility of the purchase routines where purchaser, vendor and quality inspection will use a common model of the process to validate system requirements and specifications. Later on it is used to validate structure and predefine testing. Thanks to agreement on the common model, early tests can be conducted on complex systems, minimizing the investment risks. The modelling reported here concerns the direct condenser at Sandvik 11, power and heating plant owned by Vaexjoe Energi AB in Sweden. We have chosen the direct condenser because it is an existing, well-documented and well-defined subsystem of high complexity in both structure and operation. Heavy transients made commissioning and test runs of similar condensers throughout Sweden costly and troublesome. The work resulted in an open, general, and physically correct model. The model can easily be re-dimensioned through physical parameters of common use. The control system modelled corresponds to the actual control system at the Sandvik II plant. Any improvement or deep validation of the controllers was not included in this work. The suitability is shown through four simulation cases. Three cases are based on a registered plant operation during a turbine trip. The first test case uses present plant data, the second an old steam valve actuator and the third uses the old actuator and an error in level measurement. The last test case is a ramped load change from stationary operation to a new higher operation point and then back to the original starting point. The size of the object simulated indicates that modelling is applicable to medium and small plants sizes. That was possible only through availability of the basic simulation tools, here Dymola / Modelica, and the well established model library ENERGY. All adapted to the common PCs of today.
Marine wind farms and seabirds. Updated national screening of potential conflict areas; Offshore vindenergianlegg og sjoefugl. Oppdatert screening av potensielle konfliktomraader paa nasjonal skala
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; Lorentsen, Svein-Haakon; Hanssen, Frank; Systad, Geir Helge
In 2010 NINA performed a screening of areas that may be suitable for the establishment of offshore wind power plants (Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. 2010). The surveyed area ranged from the Swedish border in the south (North Sea/Skagerrak) to the northern tip of Andoeya (Norwegian Sea). Following the publishing of the report the Directorate for Nature management wanted to extend the analysis so that it also covered the Barents Sea (National scale). While the 2010-report also included potential effects on white-tailed eagles, Eurasian eagle owl and waders this geographically extended analysis only covers seabirds. Marine wind farms are a relatively new element in European waters, and at present there have been few investigations carried out to study their short- and long-term environmental effects. While there have been several studies to identify environmental impacts of wind farms in other countries, there is currently only one such study in Norway, on the island of Smoela. So far, four mechanisms have been emphasized with regard to the impact of wind farms on birds: 1) mortality resulting from collisions with wind turbines (tower and wings), 2) avoidance due to interference from installations in operation and from the activity associated with the construction of wind farms; 3) loss and change of habitat, through habitat degradation and fragmentation, and 4) barrier effects, which may increase the flight distance and increase the birds' energy demands. In this report, we have chosen to use a methodology that was developed to evaluate seabird vulnerability to marine wind farms in German waters. This method provides a species-specific vulnerability index (SSI) based on nine factors: flight maneuverability, flight altitude, percentage of time flying, nocturnal flight activity, sensitivity towards disturbance by ship/helicopter traffic, flexibility in habitat use, bio geographical population size, adult survival rate and conservation status. In addition we added a 10'th factor in this analysis; the regional proportions of the national populations of each species involved. Combined with a measure of density or relative proportion of the relevant species in an area, a wind farm sensitivity index (WSI) is created. The WSI can be summed for all species found in the area at different times of the year to give a total WSI for seabirds. The existing data for seabirds in winter and in the breeding season was of sufficient quality to be used for this method. While working with the update of the screening on a National scale we realized that the scope were much more challenging than anticipated. The Norwegian coastline, spanning 13 degrees of latitude, is extremely variable with respect to sea temperatures, sea currents, topography, seabird habitats and the distribution of seabird species (e.g. Barrett et al. 2006; Forsgren et al. 2009). The Barents Sea is known for its large numbers of especially auks, whereas the seabird fauna in the south is dominated by smaller colonies of gulls (Barrett et al. 2006). In order to avoid that the large numbers of seabirds in north completely masked the smaller numbers in south we decided to perform a regional analysis of seabird vulnerability, with the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea as the regions analyzed. The results are presented in maps, where the WSI is given for 10x10 km squares. The results demonstrate a clear difference in vulnerability between the regions and the seasons (overwintering, breeding). Compared with the previous analysis (Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. 2010) the present, regional assessment, caused more areas to be defined as vulnerable. Among the areas that were defined as vulnerable in the current analysis many were breeding areas along the Helgeland coast that were defined as important in earlier work (e. g. Systad et al. 2007, Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. 2008). In the North Sea more areas were identified as vulnerable in the wintering season indicating that the regional assessment caused a more correct reflection of vulnerable areas in the North- and the Norwegian Seas. For the Barents Sea the regional assessment caused many areas to display as apparently less important than areas in south- and mid-Norway. This is because the proportional number of a seabird species in an area was compared with the total regional population of that species. Thus, the large numbers of seabirds in the Barents Sea were reduced to relative numbers and, consequently, a loss of a small number of birds in an area with few birds were on the same footing as a loss of a large number of birds in an area with a large number of birds. An assessment of the importance and the consequences of potential loss of seabirds in different areas due to windpower plants is a challenge for the environmental governments. From a biological point of view this is not a satisfactorily way to assess potential effects and consequences. Therefore, the author's point of view is that it is pertinent to do regional assessments of vulnerability in order to pinpoint important populations and areas on a smaller scale. The current assessment is not, however, intended to replace an assessment on a national scale where also the dispersion and migration of birds is included. Large scale assessments of the effects of given factors will always be imprinted with uncertainties, simply due to the large scale. In the North Sea the same areas that were identified as vulnerable in relation to marine wind farms in Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. (2010) were also identified as vulnerable in the present analysis. The regional analysis, however, implied a higher level of vulnerability in the northern areas during the breeding season. This was caused by the extending of the buffer zone from the Runde into the North Sea. Thus, the great numbers of auks at Runde influenced the vulnerability assessments in the North Sea were the numbers of auks are small. Also the (small) colonies of auks at Einevarden, Klovningen and Veststeinen got a higher vulnerability score in the Nort Sea region in the present assessment. For the overwintering period the coast of Vestfold got a higher vulnerability score due to the presence of marine ducks, and the Oestfold and Jaeren and Boknafjord area got a higher score due to the presence of Great cormorants and Shags. For the Norwegian Sea there were quite big discrepancies between the previous analysis (Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. 2010) and the present one. This was especially pronounced along the Helgeland coast due to the large numbers of breeding great cormorants and Shags. In addition, the seabird colony at Roest got a lower vulnerability score in the present analysis, probably due to the increased vulnerability in other areas.The Barents Sea area was not treated in Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. (2010). From a general knowledge of the occurrence of seabirds in the area it is clear that the regional division of the Norwegian coast give very different results compared to what a national assessment would have done. On a national scale the large number of seabirds in the Barents Sea would have masked many of the important areas in southern Norway. For seabirds at sea the results from the present analysis is comparable with those in Christensen-Dalsgaard et al. (2010). In our study, the analysis of vulnerability is done for separate areas in relation to the presence of birds. However, in the case of extensive development of large numbers of wind farms in close proximity to one another, different and stronger responses can be expected from both individuals and populations of birds than what has until now been documented for smaller offshore wind power plants. During the future development of wind power plants, both off- and on shore, it will be important to not only consider each wind power plant in isolation, but to focus on what their total or cumulative environmental effects will be. It should be noted that our analysis is for guidance only. It is suitable for large-scale evaluations of the vulnerability of areas. To assess the suitability of specific areas for the development of wind power plants, it is, in addition to this report, necessary to study local occurrences of birds and identify important functional areas for seabirds. The basis for the index should also be assessed and reviewed continuously, so that the latest knowledge about the effects of wind farms can be incorporated in later analysis. (Author)
The effects of greenhouse gas emissions through increased use biofuels - A literature review; Virkningene paa klimagassutslipp ved oekt bruk av biodrivstoff - en litteraturgjennomgang
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Holtsmark, Bjart
Production of biofuels is significantly more energy intensive than production of fossil fuels as petrol and diesel (see for example Field et al. 2007). Moreover, during the production process considerable amounts of fossil energy are used as input (Hille et al. 2006). Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels will therefore not lead to emission reductions as significant as one earlier thought, when the fossil fuel input in relation to production of biofuels was ignored. Moreover, during recent years there has been increased attention towards CO{sub 2}- emissions that will occur as farmers worldwide convert grassland and forests to cropland in order to produce biofuels (Fargione et al. 2008). Such emissions are especially significant when tropical rainforests and peatlands are converted to cropland. As the areas are converted to cropland microbial decomposition of organic carbon stored in the soil are released as CO{sub 2}. In some cases such emissions are high and cause a carbon debt that will require many decades or even centuries to be repaid, as biofuels replace fossil fuels. In the meantime the production and use of biofuels have exaggerated climate change. However, there are more promising cases. For example, converting savannas in Brazil for sugarcane production will cause a carbon debt that will be repaid after approximately 17 years (Fargione et al 2008). The seminal article by Timothy D. Searchinger et al. in Science in February 2008 generated additional uncertainty with regard to the emission reducing effects of biofuels. These authors' main argument was that increased use of existing croplands for biofuels reduces food supply and, therefore, causes higher food prices. This increases the pressure towards further deforestation. However, there are considerable areas of abandoned land that was previously used for forestry or agriculture, and has a low content of carbon stored in the soil. A number of studies underline that producing crops for biofuels on these areas is suitable, also because this could cause that the stock of carbon stored in the soil to increase. However, estimates in Field et al. (2007) suggest that even if all such abandoned land are allocated for biofuels production, it could probably not provide biofuels replacing more than 5 - 8 percent of all fossil fuels used in transport today. As it appears from the research discussed in this report, it is uncertain whether increased use of biofuels in Norway will be a contribution to lower global greenhouse gas emissions. From an overall assessment of the research literature on biofuels, it appears that the Norwegian biofuels policy thus far most likely has given increased global greenhouse gas emissions. This will probably also be the result if the policy is maintained. Hence, the blending mandate ought to be reconsidered in the light of new knowledge that has been achieved subsequent to the design of the Norwegian biofuels policy. There are few if any reasons exempting biofuels from ordinary taxes imposed on fossil fuels. Introduction of a carbon tax on biofuels should also be considered. (Author)
How much Nitrous Oxide is produced in cultivation of biofuels on arable land in Sweden?; Hur mycket lustgas blir det vid odling av biobraenslen paa aakermark i Sverige?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kasimir Klemedtsson, Aasa (Univ. of Goeteborg, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Goeteborg (Sweden). Physical Geography)
Several methods that can be used to estimate the emission of nitrous oxide from arable land are discussed, all of them with their pros and cons. 1 The base for all estimation methods is field measurements, well executed with a technique designed for the production of high quality data. Published field data of good quality were collected from areas in north Europe and America, both from grain and rape crops and unfertilised grasslands where natural background emission is assumed. The compilation shows that grasslands emit in average 0.3 +- 0.1 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year. In crop systems where a high amount of nitrogen is repeatedly added to the soil, the soil N store will contribute to N{sub 2}O emission coming years. This is one reason why emission is higher for unfertilised arable land (where nitrogen have been added previous years) compared to unfertilised grassland, 1 +- 0.1 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year. Fertilised arable lands have higher emission, in average around 3 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year. In comparison, field measurements in Sweden have shown lower emission, 0.6 and 2 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year from clay and sandy soil respectively. 2 The IPCC method is the best known, where the emission from arable land is estimated as a function of added nitrogen. In reality there is no correlation between a low N-addition and the emission of nitrous oxide since the N-addition needs to be high to have influence on the nitrous oxide emission..25 or the new factor 1% of added N has been used in many LCA's as an estimator for nitrous oxide and the uncertainty span of 0,3 and 3% is seldom used. The method underestimates the size of nitrous oxide emission in many systems and cannot estimate a true emission from individual fields. 3 Globally there is a connection between the increase in reactive nitrogen and the increase of atmospheric nitrous oxide, which is the base for a method suggested by Crutzen et al. Nitrous oxide emission has been estimated to be 3-5% of both biological nitrogen fixation and fertiliser production. 4 The complexity of nitrous oxide production has caused attempts to include other influencing factors as well. Two statistical methods and the process model PnET-N-DNDC has been taken as examples. Important for these estimations of emission is the amount of available soil nitrogen and the freezing of soil. Nitrous oxide estimation by these methods results in higher emissions than shown by Swedish field data. 5 Stating and motivating a realistic size of the nitrous oxide emission from agriculture and forestry is important. Therefore field measurements and development of the process model Coup are performed. Coup computes processes in the soil and plant system and has, up to now, mostly been used to understand the processes. From now on it can also be used as a tool for assessing nitrous oxide emission from both forest and agricultural land. Since Swedish field data point to lower emission than the estimation methods provide, we are looking for a method better adapted for the estimation of emissions from Swedish agriculture. We must pinpoint clearly which circumstances lead to the high emissions we want to avoid and, in contrast, which ones give low emissions. For this more field data is of need and process based model calculations to give good answers. If everyone uses a method that shows lower emissions without proving the matter of fact, the total nitrous oxide emission from cropping systems in Europe will be underestimated. The use of the IPCC emission factor often results in lower nitrous oxide emission than 3 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year. Moreover, with the IPCC method fertilised effective cropping systems having a low emission will not get credit since fertiliser addition is the only factor on which emission is calculated. And in a near future the growing agricultural production of food, feed and energy needs a minimum of nitrous oxide emission, which will be ever-increasingly important. I suggest using local data or estimation methods validated on local data for emission assessment from bio-energy cropping systems. If no local data or process model a re available I suggest the use of a method that calculates emissions around the European average value 3 kg N{sub 2}O-N/ha/year
Effects of small hydropower plants on low-and moss flora. A feasibility study; Virkninger av smaa vannkraftverk paa lav- og mosefloraen: en forundersoekelse
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ihlen, Per G.; Bjelland, Torbjoerg; Vaskinn, Kjetil; Johnsen, Geir Helge
We have established a list of lichen- and moss flora of a waterway to be developed for hydropower production (Vangjolo) and in a control water system (Roesgrovi), both in Voss in Hordaland. The waterways have similar bedrock, exposure, vegetation and elevation. To monitor any change in the flora, it was laid out 20 fixed routes from each river systems where low-and moss flora were recorded. To relate this to the monitoring of potential impacts, l flow, humidity, air temperature, water temperature and dew point temperature were logged. It was recorded 66 species total for Roesgrovi and Vangjolo, and 32 mosses, 29 lichens and 5 vascular plants. The results show that the rivers are so similar to the low-and moss flora that they can form the basis for further investigations. This is also shown by the DCA-analyses. The waterways comprises a combination of species with the same requirements as to moisture, and contains species of high and low Ellenberg indicator values for moisture. There is no statistically significant difference between Roesgrovi and Vangjolo in the fixed routes average values. The hydrological and local climatic measurements also show that the river systems are comparable for further study of possible changes after development. (eb)
Effects of long-range transported acidification on the bio-diversity in terrestrial ecosystems; Effekter av langtransporterte forsuringer paa biodiversitet i terrestriske oekosystemer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hoeiland, K. [Oslo Univ. (Norway)
The conference paper deals with the environmental effects of long-range transported pollutants on the biodiversity in the terrestrial ecosystems. The paper discusses different chemical substances existing in the atmosphere and their influence on vegetation together with the effects on biodiversity from acidification. 4 refs.
Ozone and climate - Effects of the excess of critical loads on birches and mountain plants; Ozon og klima - effekter av taalegrenseoverskridelser paa bjoerk og fjellplanter
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mortensen, L.M.
The conference paper relates to the environmental effects of high concentrated ozone on the biomass production in Norway. The effects on birches and mountain plants from ozone together with the interaction between ozone and carbon dioxide and their influence on vegetation are discussed
Impacts on the receiving states of Norwegian petroleum investments with an emphasis on Angola; Effekter i mottakerlandene av norske petroleumsivesteringer med hovedvekt paa Angola
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nordaas, Hildegunn Kyvik; Tvedten, Inge; Wiig, Arne
This report examines how Norwegian petroleum investments may contribute to develop industry and a more even distribution of income in the receiving states. It also examines to what extent such investments may help to improve social development, humane rights, health, the environment and safety. The study concentrates on Norwegian investments in Angola. Offshore petroleum activities are capital-intensive and technologically demanding industry which often becomes an enclave in countries with a weakly developed industrial basis and few skilled workers. The profit from this industry accounts for a very large part of the export earnings and of the earnings of the public sector while at the same time this sector creates relatively few jobs in the local community. Thus, the income from the petroleum industry is not widely distributed. The petroleum sector tends to increase the growth of income during its development period but then causes little further development. This can be remedied by an economic policy that deliberately smoothes differences and by taking macro-economic measures which prevent overheating of the economy and which creates space for development in the private sector in the mainland economy. This is difficult, and few oil-exporting developing countries have succeeded so far. In Angola it is hardly possible under the current circumstances with civil war and the absence of institutions that work. The report emphasises that oil companies can contribute with knowledge transfer to local employees and the local state oil company. They should also help to extract Angola's resources in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way. But the social and economical development is the responsibility of the local authorities. Norwegian authorities may provide technical and economical aid, if desired, but it is stressed that there should be a clear division of roles between the authorities and the oil companies.
The Full City loss: Short term effects of oil pollution upon outdoor recreational activities; Full City-havariet : Kortsiktige effekter av oljeforurensning paa friluftsliv
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Oeian, H.; Skaar, M.; Vistad, O.I.; Andersen, O.
In the aftermath of the Full City loss several academic reports will assess the effects from the oil spill upon different aspects of the nature environment, but also upon human activities within this kind of surroundings. In this report the short term effects upon outdoor recreational activities will be evaluated. Short term refers to the period from the oil spill was first observed (July 31th 2009) and until winter arrived. The report is the end product of a pilot project that has been carried out prior to a more comprehensive study where long term effects upon outdoor recreational activities are to be assessed. In the late summer months of 2010 a survey among the population of the most severely affected areas will be implemented. The survey will clarify to what extent people have take popular areas for outdoor recreation into use again and whether there are any changes in the patterns of outdoor recreation, compared to the situation before the oil spill. In addition the survey will illuminate people's attitude to oil pollution along the coast line. In order to assess the effects from oil spill upon outdoor recreation, it has been essential to establish knowledge about the outdoor life in the relevant areas as it was before the Full City loss. Albeit some statistical materials exist on marinas, numbers of second homes, member-ships in clubs and associations etc., available quantified data material have been rather insufficient. The most important source of data has subsequently been found in interviewing a fairly large number of persons. The interview subjects either offered extraordinary insights into specific outdoor activities, or spoke as representatives of the relevant councils and county authorities, whose responsibilities are connected to the management of nature environment and outdoor recreation. In addition to providing an overview of the outdoor recreation patterns, and to assess the concrete effects upon different activities, the report takes peoples risk perception into consideration. In this connection the media represent an important channel of information, knowledge and perspectives. Hence, this report also includes an analysis how the Full City loss has been portrayed in the local, regional and nation press. (Author)
Ice Forces on Offshore Wind Power Plants. Descriptions of mechanisms and recommendations for dimensioning; Islaster paa vindkraftverk till havs. Beskrivning av mekanismer och rekommendationer foer dimensionering
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bergdahl, Lars [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept of Water Environment Transport
Mechanisms for ice-loads on off-shore wind power plants are described, The ice-loads are due to thermal expansion, water level variations, drifting ice and ice-reefing. Ice accretion is briefly treated. Ice instance, ice thickness, ice retention time, water level variations and stream velocities in Swedish waters are compiled. The main text deals with recommendations for dimensioning wind power plants at sea. In the appendices, a thorough review of the physical and mechanical properties of ice is presented.
Reclamation of peat winning fields - a literature review with special reference to the establishment of forest stands; Efterbehandling av torvtaekter - en litteraturstudie med tonvikt paa alternativet beskogning
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Haanell, B; Svensson, Johan; Magnusson, Tord
The aim of this study was to review existing knowledge on various methods for reclaiming peat winning fields, in order to assess the present and future potential of the afforestation alternative for Swedish fields. From this, a decision on the best use of an existing series of afforestation experiments established after peat winning in central and south Sweden should be made. The study deals with experiences from e.g. growing crops and energy forests, creating artificial lakes, pastures, and berry fields, wetland restoration, and afforestation by planting and by natural seeding from nearby forests. It was concluded that afforestation most likely will be one of the most common after-use alternatives in near future in Sweden, and that priority will be given to extensive afforestation methods. The studies in the afforestation experiments should therefore be focused on (1) the possibilities of natural establishment of seedlings by seeding from nearby forests, (2) the suitability of various tree species for planting, and (3) the need for plant nutrient amendments to secure sustainable site productivity and the possibilities to meet this need by using wood ash as fertilizer. 129 refs
Wood ash and lime. Effects on uptake of nutrients and heavy metals in bilberries; Vedaska och kalk. Effekter paa upptag av naeringsaemnen och tungmetaller i blaabaer. Ramprogram Askaaterfoering
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nilsson, Torbjoern; Eriksson, H.M. [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Forest Soils
Ten km north of Uppsala in eastern Sweden a field plot (2x2 m) experiment, with different ash and lime treatments, was established in June 1993 in a 70-year old mixed stand of Norway spruce and Scots pine on a sandy soil. The experiment included twelve treatments and one control, all with four replicates. The treatments were; a well-combusted loose wood ash, well-hardened ash granules, hardened and then crushed and sieved mixed ash, a mixture of hardened ash and lime, hardened wood ash and finally, lime. The normal dose was 4 tons per hectare. Two and thirteen months after treatment, bilberries were sampled. Bilberries sampled two months after treatment were analyzed for Ca, Mg, K, P, Al, Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for nine treatments. Two months after treatment, the variation in the contents of different elements was very large, especially for K, P, Mn and Zn. Bilberries in the control had, on an average, lower contents of Ca, Mg, K and Cu than bilberries from the treated plots. Contents of Zn and Cd were, on an average, highest in the control plots. However, no significant differences between treatments were found. Thirteen months after treatment, the variation in content of all the heavy metals analyzed had decreased as well as the content of Pb and Zn. However, the contents of Cd and Cu had increased somewhat. No significant differences between treatments were found. It was concluded that the different treatments had a negligible effect on the content of heavy metals in bilberries the first year after treatment 122 refs, 10 figs, 15 tabs
Effects of wood ash on the biologic diversity of the soil fauna. Final report; Effekter av vedaska paa biologisk maangfald hos markfaunan. Slutrapport
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Persson, Tryggve; Ahlstroem, Kerstin; Lindberg, Niklas [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Vindeln (Sweden). Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research
The aim was to assess long-term effects of wood-ash and lime application on the soil fauna diversity. The study was made at three sites, Oeringe and Torup in the county of Halland and Asa in the county of Smaaland, 20, 14 and 10 years after treatment, respectively. The soil fauna groups reported here are Enchytraeidae, Tardigrada and Oribatida. Different kinds of wood ash results in very different effects on soil pH despite similar dose. Non-hardened fresh ash increased pH as indicated by the liming potential (ca. 2 tonnes of CaCO{sub 3} correspond to 2,4 tonnes of loose ash). Hardened wood ash (at Asa) had a smaller effect on pH than corresponding amount of lime, and ca. 6 tonnes of ash/ha were needed to obtain the same effects as 3 tonnes of lime. Granulated wood ash (at Torup) had an even smaller effect on pH than the hardened ash at Asa. A preliminary estimate is that 6 tonnes/ha granulated ash correspond to 3 tonnes/ha of hardened ash, 1.5 tonnes/ha of non-hardened loose ash and 1 tonne/ha of CaCO{sub 3}. The results with regard to soil fauna show that individual numbers, species numbers and single species of Enchytraeidae and Oribatid mites are strongly dependent on the ash/lime effect on pH in the topsoil layer. Lime and ash appear to have similar effect on these animal groups provided that the pH effect is similar. Therefore, it is possible to extrapolate conclusions from liming trials to ash trials, provided that the pH effect is known. The Tardigrades did not seem to react on the treatments. We conclude that the effect of wood ash on the diversity of soil fauna investigated depends on the solubility of the wood ash and its effect on soil pH. Depending on the effect on pH, ash application results in (a) decreasing densities but increasing species numbers of enchytraeids, (b) decreasing densities but no change in species numbers of oribatid mites and (c) a strong change in the community structure of both enchytraeids and oribatid mites.
Effects of a complete removal of harvest residues on the soil fauna; Effekter av GROT-uttag paa biologisk maangfald hos markfaunan
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Persson, Tryggve; Ahlstroem, Kerstin; Lindberg, Niklas [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research
The aim was to assess the effects of a complete removal of harvest residues (slash) from forest clear-cuts in relation to a situation with 1,2 and 4 times normal amount of harvest residues on the diversity of soil fauna. The study was made at two sites, Asa in Smaaland and Turbo in Dalarna. The comparison also included uncut, mature forests surrounding the clear-cuts. Ideally, the study should have continued for several years, but because of limited economy, the study focused on the period 1.5 year after the clear-cut. The soil fauna groups reported here are Enchytraeidae, Tardigrada, Diptera and Oribatida. The results show that clear-cutting leads to a marked decline in the density and species number of oribatid mites and an increase in the density (but not species) of Enchytraeidae. Slash removal could not be shown to affect the species number of oribatids. Certain species clearly decreased in number after slash removal, but the species were normally present, although in low numbers, 1.5 year after the clear-cut. Some Diptera species (larvae) were solely observed below the heaps of slash, but the results are too circumstantial for a certain conclusion. The short period between the treatment start and the sampling limits the generality of the findings. The generation times of most oribatid mites are one year or more. There are studies indicating that some species have generation times up to 2-3 years. If the sensitive life stages are the juveniles, presence of long-lived adults may hide detrimental effects. This means that the study has covered too short a time to conclude whether removal of slash will affect oribatid diversity. Consequently, we cannot exclude the possibility that removal of harvest residues can result in a threat to the diversity of oribatid mites. To be able to answer the question in a satisfactorily manner, a follow-up study is needed during forthcoming years. In conclusion, removal of slash had small effects on enchytraeid species and reduced the number of certain oribatid species. The decline normally did not result in a total disappearance of the species, but further studies are needed to obtain data on long-term effects.
Evaluation of consequences from emissions to air from the petroleum industry at Haltenbanken; Konsekvensvurdering av utslipp til luft fra petroleumsindustrien paa Haltenbanken/Norskehavet
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Knudsen, S.; Skjelkvaale, B.L.; Aarrestad, P.A.
This report discusses the consequences of emissions to air from the petroleum industry at Haltenbanken. The evaluation includes prognoses for photochemical activity, concentration distributions and deposition of nitrogen and sulphur for the years 2000, 2009 and a base alternative for 2000 but with different emissions. The greatest emission of nitrogen oxides comes from ships, especially from shuttle tankers. The gas turbines give the greatest NOx emission from stationary installations. Hydrocarbon emission is largely due to buoy loading. The emissions of NOx, CO, methane and NMVOC from Haltenbanken are considerable compared to the total emissions from the Norwegian shelf of the North Sea and also from continental Norway. The report discusses calculated impact of the emissions at some measurement stations in that part of Norway which will be affected by the emissions, for each of the three alternatives. 62 refs., 13 figs., 12 tabs.
Wind power on Gabriel mountain - Follow-up of the consequences for reindeer herding, third year results; Vindkraft paa Gabrielsberget - Uppfoeljning av konsekvenserna foer rennaeringen, tredje aarets resultat
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
According to the Environmental Court's decision Gabriel Mountain the wind plant's impact on reindeer husbandry followed up by a control program. According to the Environmental Court's decision Gabrielsberget the wind plant's impact on reindeer husbandry followed up by a control program. The control program was initiated in autumn 2008. Reporting to the County Board will be made annually until the trial period ends. The construction of roads on Gabriel Mountains began in November / December 2008. No construction work was carried out, however, during the period that the reindeer were in the area (January-March 2009). The construction work started again in the summer / fall of 2009. The first 20 wind turbines began operating in January 2011. During these periods, the continuous interviews were held with reindeer herders from grazing district Byrkije. Reindeer herding utilization of the area before the wind farm been built and under construction has thus been mapped. Despite good grazing conditions Byrkije experienced difficulty in reindeer herding in and around wind power construction at Gabriel Mountain, especially during the second winter season (2010/11), when construction has been more extensive. Byrkije had to support feeding and use helicopter, something that previous seasons only was done in poor grazing conditions. The herders were also more people who worked actively with the reindeer and the working day has been longer and more strenuous compared to the seasons before the wind farm was built. The reindeer has moved more and were more spread out. The herders have also been forced to retrieve outside reindeer winter Loegdeaa land, something that has rarely happened in previous seasons. The reindeer's movement patterns and utilization of pastures have been different during the construction of the wind farm than in previous years. This report will be based on the new data over the years monitoring program runs.
Costs for Alternatives to District Heating. A study of real costs on local heating markets; Alternativkostnad till fjaerrvaerme. En studie av verkliga kostnader paa lokala vaermemarknader
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Carlson, Annelie; Lehtmets, Marti; Andersson, Sofie
Heating comprise the major part of the cost of supporting a building with necessities like electricity, heat, refuse collection and water and sewage. As these costs increase, it is becoming more interesting to find other solutions in order to reduce them. One alternative is to convert to another heating system. Several price analyses comparing different heating systems have been performed. Avgiftsgruppen publishes one report on a yearly basis, where the costs to support a building with necessities and how they vary between communities are listed. The latest report states that it is less expensive in 75 % of the communities in Sweden to convert from district heating to a pellets boiler or a ground-source pump. However, other studies have established that the heat market is a local market with local conditions. Therefore you need to compare alternative heating costs that are specific to the area instead of estimated average costs at a national level. The purpose of this survey is to study a local heat market in order to verify the real cost of the alternative heating systems to district heating and if these costs vary between different communities. The hypothesis is that it is not possible to generalize the heating cost on a national level. Instead, a local market should be studied to make an accurate cost comparison between heating options. Three communities are studied in order to find real and verified investment costs in pellet boilers and heat pumps. The investments that are of primary interest are those performed in buildings similar to the multi-dwelling house used in earlier price analyses. Furthermore, the building should be located within the distribution network of district heating in order to illustrate the competition between the heating alternatives. The result of the study illustrates the difficulties to find real and verified costs of completed investments in alternative heating systems in buildings that is of primary interest for this study. Contacts with several participants on the market, with representatives from public authorities, consumers, retailers and others, reveals that if investments in other heating systems than district heating are carried out, the building is located outside the district heating network. Also, few buildings are similar to the standard comparison house. The assignment to list real and verified costs has thereby not succeeded fully. However, information on performed investments has been found at the county administrative boards and their database on application for subsidies for conversion of heating system. Even though this information concerns investments in public premises it can be used to show some attributes of the heat market. The annual total cost for heating has been calculated and the result shows that it differs substantially between the premises, up to -44 % and +129 % compared to an average cost per MWh. One conclusion is that the method for price comparison used today is too rough to give a fair comparison. In the context it is important to clarify that price analyses are useful and of great interest to the market, but the present methods needs to be developed to get improved cost comparisons
Evaluation of future policy instruments - Sub-Project 2; Utvaerdering av framtida styrmedel - Delprojekt 2 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bisaillon, Mattias; Dahlen, Lisa; Detterfelt, Lia; Edner, Stig; Toren, Johan
There are several recently introduced and future possible policy instruments that are of great interest to study in order to understand the future for the Swedish waste treatment market. In the energy sector, the use of system analysis models has proven to be effective in order to understand the effects and consequences of policy instruments. In the waste sector, however, such analyses have only been conducted sporadically. This in spite of the introduction of highly influential policy instruments such as producer responsibility, landfill tax and landfill ban, which together have contributed to landfilling of Swedish household waste practically has ceased. The goal of this project was, by using system analysis models, to study and evaluate the newly introduced and future possible policy instruments which affect Swedish waste treatment. The assessment was made in terms of how policy instruments affect: - the distribution of treatment technologies, - waste amounts, - greenhouse gas emissions and - the economics of waste treatment. The project was performed during 2011 and 2012 as a part of the research project 'Perspectives on sustainable waste treatment (PFA)'. During the project, discussions have taken place within the working group and the reference group on which instruments are most interesting and relevant to study. Furthermore, opinions have been gathered from the association Swedish Waste Managements policy instrument group and from various players in the industry at conferences, presentations and workshops.
Imports of waste fuels for energy recovery in Sweden - Sub-Project 1; Import av avfall till energiutvinning i Sverige - Delprojekt 1 inom projektet Perspektiv paa framtida avfallsbehandling
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sahlin, Jenny; Holmstroem, David; Bisaillon, Mattias
Swedish imports of waste fuels may increase to 1.5 million tonnes by 2015, when new waste-fuelled combined heat and power plants are in operation; and to 2.5 million tonnes by 2020, if all planned capacity is built. This is the case if national targets for increased material recycling and biological treatment are reached; which means that smaller amounts of mixed waste remains for incineration. When the import of the waste fuel into Sweden has increased, also need of knowledge has increased, as well as the concerns and fears. The aim of the project 'Imports of waste to energy recovery in Sweden', therefore, is to create an improved basis for decisions and communications concerning the import of waste fuel, as well as to study its conditions, opportunities and obstacles. The target group is interested operators, representatives of public authorities and decision-makers. Data includes analysis of future imported quantities, possible import markets, policy instruments and its effects, concerns and fears, economic aspects and effects on climate change while importing the waste fuel. The project is one of five sub-projects in 'Perspectives on the future waste treatment'. The project has been carried out through data collection, computer modelling, interviews as well as discussion and analysis in the working and reference groups. The goal is estimated to having been reached, the results are already used. From media, there is an interest of the results, and the project has already been referred to and presented at conferences. The results are thus already well-spread.
Effects of the sound from sea-based windmills on fish in the Gulf of Bothnia; Effekter av undervattensljud fraan havsbaserade vindkraftverk paa fisk fraan Bottniska viken
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Baamstedt, Ulf; Larsson, Stefan; Stenman, Aasa (Umeaa Marine Sciences Centre, Umeaa Univ., Umeaa (Sweden)); Magnhagen, Carin (Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sweden)); Sigray, Peter (Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm (Sweden))
Laboratory studies in large tanks with fish exposed to sound similar to that generated by sea-based windmills at a distance of 80 m, gave the following results: - European perch, brown trout and roach from the Gulf of Bothnia did not show any significant behavioral responses on the individual frequencies between 6 and 180 Hz that were tested. - Predation experiments with brown trout, where mysids were prey, showed large individual variability but no statistically significant effect of the generated sound. - Analysis of the stress hormone cortisol in brown trout and roach did not show any effects from sound treatment. - Analysis of cortisol in European perch showed a weak but statistically significant lower level from sound treated individuals compared to the control. - Analyses of cortisol showed both very large individual variability and differences between species, with the order: brown trout << European perch < roach. In summary, our results show that European perch, brown trout and roach from the Gulf of Bothnia are not affected by the sound corresponding to the frequency and effect found at 80 m distance from a wind mill in the sea. Such sound has therefore probably no effects on the species outside this area. We can not generalize to the area closer to a wind mill, neither to other species of fish. However, out choice of species was made in order to include representatives from three different hearing anatomies, and thereby different capabilities of sensing sound, which make our results more general than if just one species would have been used. Subsequent measurements of particle acceleration and background noise under the conditions used in the fish experiments showed that the design of the experiments was relevant for frequencies above 30 Hz. Experiments using 30 Hz or lower frequencies were disturbed by the background noise, and results from these experiments should therefore not be considered as an effect of sound generated by the hydrophone. In order to evaluate such frequencies, alternative technical equipment that can produce higher sound intensities at low frequencies are required
Risk perspective on final disposal of nuclear waste. Individuals, society and communication; Riskperspektiv paa slutfoervaring av kaernavfall. Individ, samhaelle och kommunikation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lindblad, Inga-Britt (ed.)
This report tries to evaluate the importance of the risk perspective in connection with final storage of nuclear waste. The concept 'risk' has different importance for experts and general public, within different research directions and among stakeholders in the nuclear waste issue. The report has been published in order to give an interdisciplinary scientific perspective on the risk concept. The authors have their background in different disciplines: radiation physics, psychology, media- and communications-science. The report treats four different themes: The first theme concerns perspectives on the risk concept and describes various principles for how risks can be handled in the society. The next theme is about comparing various risks. This section shows that risk comparisons can to be done within the framework of a scientific attitude and during certain given conditions. The third theme elucidates results from research about subjective risk, and shows that a large number of factors influence how risks are considered by individuals, and can influence his risk behavior and also how the individual means that the society will make decisions in risk-related questions. The fourth and last theme is about risk communication. Since the risk concept contains many different aspects it is clear that risk should not only be informed about, but also communicated. If a purely mathematical definition of risk was the only valid form, such information, from experts to the citizens, would possibly be sufficient. But since there are other relevant factors to take into consideration (t.ex the individual's own values), a communicative process must take place, i.e. the citizens should have influence on how risks are compared and managed. In the final theme, the authors have chosen to reflect around the themes above, i.e. different perspectives on the risk concept, risk comparisons, subjective risk view and risk communication are discussed.
Products based on the mixes of fly ashes and fibre sludge (fibre-ashes) for road construction; Produkter baserade paa blandningar av flygaska och fiberslam (fiberaskor) foer vaegbyggande
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lahtinen, Pentti; Maijala Aino; Macsik, Josef
The project has derived benefits from the earlier Finnish research and development as well as from the experience in the fibre-ash materials for geotechnical applications. The fly ashes used for the project have been taken from the same sources as the fly ashes for the earlier Vaermeforsk project 870: FACE. The project's objective was to develop construction materials based on mixtures of fibre sludge and fly ash for geotechnical applications, and for the final commercialisation of the fibre-ash materials. The mixtures are based on fly ashes from energy production (bark, peat and sludge used for incineration) and on kaolin containing fibre sludge from the paper industry. With help of laboratory tests the project has been searching for fibre ashes with excellent technical characteristics like good frost resistance combined with a good bearing capacity and resilience in geotechnical structures. The project's results has given additional knowledge about alternative road construction materials to construct technically good, sustainable and environmentally friendly roads and other constructions with lower costs than the conventional constructions. The results of laboratory tests have shown that this is possible. However, it has to be verified with help of field tests and pilot constructions. The first tasks of the project were to make choices of the appropriate fibre sludge and fly ashes for the project targets. The laboratory tests have been carried out in the geotechnical laboratory of Ramboll Finland Oy (earlier SCC Viatek Oy, SGT - later in the report SGT). After arrival of all test material in the laboratory the test programme started in order to find out the most optimal fibre-ash mixtures with or without any activator. The most potential mixtures were tested for their geotechnical long-term properties (mainly resistance against climatic load) and for their environmental risk potential. The results comprise of several technically, environmentally and economically potential fibre-ash mixtures and recommendations for their further development with the help of field tests and test construction. The most noteworthy benefits of the fibre ashes as soil construction materials are their elasticity and resistance against permanent deformation. These properties make the fibre-ash materials significantly more frost resistant than the conventional materials. Also, the fibre-ashes are easier and simpler to use in the construction process than the fly ashes because the fibre-ashes are practically dust-tight materials. The results of the project will be background information for the further studies, and for the guidelines and commercialisation of e.g. road construction with fibre ashes.
Fractional distribution on fuel chips. Machine and wood parameters influence on chip quality; Braensleflisens fraktionsfoerdelning. En studie av naagra maskin- och vedparametrars inverkan paa fliskvaliteten
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liss, J.E. [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Garpenberg (SE). Dept. of Operational Efficiency
The purpose of this study has been to examine the impact of certain machine and wood parameters on chip quality, and to set forward proposals on how to reduce the percentage of fine fractions in fuel chips. From studies of literature and from field studies it has become apparent that the following are among those factors with an impact on the percentage of fine fractions; - the composition of the wood raw material (stem, branch, needle, leaf) and its condition (sound or rotten), - state of the wood (frozen/non-frozen) and moisture content, - length and diameter of wood raw material, - machine type (drum or disc chipper), - condition of chipping blades (sharpness), - condition of counter blade, - clearance (distance between blade and counter-blade), - chipping speed. 23 refs., 26 figs., numerous tabs.
Outcomes of AV Fistulas and AV Grafts after Interventional Stent-Graft Deployment in Haemodialysis Patients.
Schmelter, Christopher; Raab, Udo; Lazarus, Friedrich; Ruppert, Volker; Vorwerk, Dierk
The study was designed to assess outcomes of arteriovenous (AV) accesses after interventional stent-graft deployment in haemodialysis patients. 63 haemodialysis patients with 66 AV fistulas and AV grafts were treated by interventional stent-graft deployment from 2006 to 2012 at our hospital. Data of these patients were retrospectively analysed for location of deployed stent-grafts, occurrence and location of (re-)stenosis and (re-)thrombosis. Complex stenosis was the most frequent indication for stent-graft deployment (45.5%), followed by complications of angioplasty with vessel rupture or dissection (31.8%). A high rate of procedural success was achieved (98.5%). The most frequent location of the deployed stent-graft was the draining vein (66.7%). Stent-graft deployment was more frequent in AV grafts than in AV fistulas. Primary patency was 45.5% at 6 month, 31.3% at 12 month and 19.2% at 24 month. Primary patency was significantly better for AV fistulas than for AV grafts with deployed stent-grafts. Patency of the deployed stent-graft was much better than overall AV access primary patency with deployed stent-graft. Re-stenosis with thrombosis was the most frequent indication for re-intervention. Most frequent location of re-stenosis was the draining vein (37.1%), followed by stenosis at the AV access (29.5%) and the deployed stent-graft (23.5%). Re-stenosis and re-thrombosis remain frequent in AV fistulas and AV grafts in haemodialysis patients despite stent-graft deployment. Re-stenosis of the deployed stent-graft is, only in the minority of the cases, responsible for AV access dysfunction.
Outcomes of AV Fistulas and AV Grafts after Interventional Stent-Graft Deployment in Haemodialysis Patients
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schmelter, Christopher, E-mail: email@example.com; Raab, Udo, E-mail: email@example.com [Klinikum Ingolstadt, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (Germany); Lazarus, Friedrich, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Klinikum Ingolstadt, Department of Nephrology (Germany); Ruppert, Volker, E-mail: email@example.com [Klinikum Ingolstadt, Department of Vascular Surgery (Germany); Vorwerk, Dierk, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Klinikum Ingolstadt, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (Germany)
PurposeThe study was designed to assess outcomes of arteriovenous (AV) accesses after interventional stent-graft deployment in haemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods63 haemodialysis patients with 66 AV fistulas and AV grafts were treated by interventional stent-graft deployment from 2006 to 2012 at our hospital. Data of these patients were retrospectively analysed for location of deployed stent-grafts, occurrence and location of (re-)stenosis and (re-)thrombosis. Complex stenosis was the most frequent indication for stent-graft deployment (45.5 %), followed by complications of angioplasty with vessel rupture or dissection (31.8 %).ResultsA high rate of procedural success was achieved (98.5 %). The most frequent location of the deployed stent-graft was the draining vein (66.7 %). Stent-graft deployment was more frequent in AV grafts than in AV fistulas. Primary patency was 45.5 % at 6 month, 31.3 % at 12 month and 19.2 % at 24 month. Primary patency was significantly better for AV fistulas than for AV grafts with deployed stent-grafts. Patency of the deployed stent-graft was much better than overall AV access primary patency with deployed stent-graft. Re-stenosis with thrombosis was the most frequent indication for re-intervention. Most frequent location of re-stenosis was the draining vein (37.1 %), followed by stenosis at the AV access (29.5 %) and the deployed stent-graft (23.5 %).ConclusionRe-stenosis and re-thrombosis remain frequent in AV fistulas and AV grafts in haemodialysis patients despite stent-graft deployment. Re-stenosis of the deployed stent-graft is, only in the minority of the cases, responsible for AV access dysfunction.
Strategiske beslutninger foran publikum : en spillteoretisk analyse av betingelser for utbrudd av borgerkrig
Meyer, Sunniva Frislid
Borgerkrig modelleres i foreliggende litteratur enten som følge av privat informasjon om aktørenes forventede nytte av krig eller som følge av at myndighetene ikke troverdig kan forplikte seg til en fremforhandlet avtale. Eksisterende modeller overser i stor grad hvordan effekten av at myndighetene gir etter for en intern grupperings krav kan påvirke hvordan andre interne grupperinger forholder seg til myndighetene i fremtiden. Dersom myndighetene gir etter for en intern grupperings krav, kan...
Praktisering av krav til rettvisende oversikt i årsberetning : en analyse av regnskapspraksis i fiskeindustrien
Vajenina, Larissa
Dette er en studie av årsberetning, og videre praktisering av rettvisende oversikt i årsberetning. Studiens problemstilling: "Hvordan blir kravene om rettvisende oversikt i årsberetning praktisert i utvalgte selskaper i Norge?" I denne studien ser jeg på praksis av rettvisende oversikt i årsberetning. Lovkravet til rettvisende oversikt i årsberetning fremgår av rskl.§ 3-3a, 2.-4.ledd. Innhold i rettvisende oversikt er grundig beskrevet under punkt 2.5 i NRS 16 Årsberetning. Reg...
Veileder for kravspesifikasjon for leie av kontorarealer
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Førland-Larsen, Arne
Investorer og leietakere blir stadig mer interessert i helse- og miljøkvaliteter. Men kunnskapen er lav hos de fleste om hva de skal etterspørre og hvordan slike kvaliteter kan dokumenteres. Meglere har en viktig rolle som formidler av kvaliteter. Grønn Byggallianse har i samarbeid med blant annet...... Norsk Eiendom, Enova og NGBC utarbeidet en mal for standard kravspesifikasjon for leie av kontorlokaler. Målet med malen er å bidra til at leietager får det produktet han trenger til riktig pris og at man unngår unødig miljøbelastning. Målet er videre at å bidra og stimulere til, at innleie....../utleie prosesser startes med en dialogbasert prosess. Standarden er tenkt som et hjelpemiddel til en systematisk gjennomgang av, og diskusjon av hvilke kvaliteter som har prioritet, høy, middel eller lav prioritet for leietaker. Resultatet av dialog og diskusjon fastlegger endelige krav til kvalitet og...
Synthesis and characterization of POSS-(PAA)8 star copolymers and GICs for dental applications.
Zelmer, Christina; Wang, David K; Keen, Imelda; Hill, David J T; Symons, Anne L; Walsh, Laurence J; Rasoul, Firas
To investigate the application of a new type of multiarm polymer resins in the formulation of Glass Ionic Cements. A series of star copolymers of t-butyl acrylate has been prepared by ATRP using a multiarm POSS-Br8 initiator. The resulting POSS-co-t-butyl acrylate star copolymers with eight arms were subsequently hydrolysed by trifluoroacetic acid to produce the corresponding POSS-co-acrylic acid star copolymers. All of the copolymers have been characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and TGA/DSC. The as-prepared star copolymers were mixed with the glass powder from Fuji IX GP to produce the GIC samples for compression testing. The new type of multiarm polymer resins have been shown to have narrow molecular weight distributions and thermal properties of the acrylic acid copolymers are similar to that of poly(acrylic acid), with a two stage degradation profile involving transitions at ≈140°C and 250°C, corresponding to anhydride formation and loss of carbon dioxide, respectively. In aqueous solution the POSS-co-acrylic acid copolymers form aggregates with ≈33nm dimensions. When aqueous solutions of POSS-(PAA)8 are mixed with a glass powder, a rigid glass ionomer cement, GIC, is formed with a maximum compressive stress significantly greater than that for a linear PAA GIC of a comparable polymer molecular weight. Therefore, these POSS-(PAA)8 copolymers demonstrate the potential for the application of well characterized star copolymers in the future development of new GICs as dental materials. Copyright © 2016 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of kaolin-additions in combustion of wood fuels on hardening and leaching properties of ash; Paaverkan av kaolintillsats vid foerbraenning av biobraensle paa askans haerdnings- och lakningsegenskaper
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Steenari, Britt-Marie; Karlfeldt, Karin (Dept. of Chemical And Biological Engineering, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, SE-412 96 Goeteborg (Sweden)). e-mail: email@example.com
In several investigations it has been shown that kaolin works well as an anti-agglomerating and anti-ash sintering agent in combustion of bio-fuels with a potassium rich ash in fluidised bed boilers. Combustion tests have shown that the kaolin addition may result in an ash melting temperature that is a couple of hundred degrees centigrade higher than for the original ash. This way the kaolin hinders the fouling of super heater surfaces by sticky ash. Many boiler owners treat their wood fuel ash with the aim to recycle it to forest soil as a nutrient source and acid neutralising agent. Therefore it was considered important to investigate if an addition of kaolin in the boiler would have a negative influence on the ash leaching properties. Thus, the aim of the project was to investigate the hardening reactions and leaching properties of normal wood ash and wood ash produced with addition of kaolin. The ash samples were produced in the same boiler and in similar combustion conditions. It was especially interesting to study if the ash would contain soluble aluminium due to the kaolin addition since aluminium in solution may have negative effects on the eco system. The results showed that an important difference between the normal fly ash and the fly ash with kaolin was that the release of potassium i leaching was decreased due to the kaolin addition, especially at high pH levels. This is positive, since potassium normally is released very fast in the forest. In addition, the kaolin containing ash has a faster initial setting/hardening process than the normal ash. The structure of the hardened ash particles is also more durable than that of the normal ash. This is also a positive effect since it indicates that it could be possible to handle the hardened ash after a shorter storage period. However, it has not been investigated if this effect remains in large scale operation and in a longer time perspective. The acid neutralising capacity of fly ash with kaolin is, calculated per kg of ash, somewhat lower that for the usual ash. The kaolin is accumulated in the fly ash since it has such a small particle size and thus dilutes the fly ash and lowers its content of acid neutralising components. This can be compensated for by spreading more ash per hectare. The leaching of aluminium from the kaolin containing ash was low at all pH levels studied (4- 13). Consequently, spreading of such an ash is not considered to pose any risk for the environment. In addition, the leaching of trace metals from the ash was not affected negatively by kaolin addition
Start-up of Hekni Power Station. 3. Investigation of the effects of particles on water chemistry, landlocked salmon and freshwater ecology; Igangkjoering av Hekni Kraftverk. 3. Undersoekelser av partikkeleffekter paa vannkjemi, Byglandsfjordbleke og vassdragsoekologi
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bjerknes, V.; Kvellestad, A.; Berntssen, M.
The new Norwegian hydroelectric power station Hekni Power Station in the river Otra began operation in the autumn of 1995. Out of consideration for the landlocked salmon in the Byglandsfjord, valuable and nationally deserving of preservation as it is, the tunnel was gradually filled with water so as to avoid large amounts of suspended sediments downstream. During start-up, several environmental investigations were made, as discussed in this report: registrations and analyses of the water from Otra, experimental exposure of landlocked salmon, assessment of wild fish and collection of bottom animals from river stretches exposed to suspended sediments and from unexposed control stretches. Exposed salmon show clear evidence of typical gill changes due to acidification while there is no evidence of changes caused by suspended sediment particles. The changes in population densities of wild fish and bottom animals from before start-up to after start-up is primarily related to the altered water discharge. However, the absence of groups of particle sensitive bottom animals after exposure may be due to particle emission from the power station. The chemically unstable particles may have temporarily increased the pH and calcium concentration and reduced the concentration of unstable aluminium in the most affected part of the river system, while the particle level itself may have been too low to cause noticeable effects on fish. The extent to which the bottom ecology may have been damaged is not sufficiently well known. 34 refs., 8 figs., 6 tabs.
Modelling of a hybrid plant and development of a control system for the Vaesthamn plant based on artificial neural networks; Modellering av hybridanlaeggning samt utveckling av oevervakningssystem foer Vaesthamnsverket baserat paa Artificiella Neurala Naetverk
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Assadi, Mohsen; Fast, Magnus [Lund Inst. of Technology (Sweden). Dept. of Energy Sciences
The project aim is to model the hybrid plant at Vaesthamnsverket in Helsingborg using artificial neural networks (ANN). The definition of a hybrid plant is that it uses more than one fuel, in this case a natural gas fuelled gas turbine with heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a biomass fuelled steam boiler with steam turbine. The models in the present project are based on operational data from the plant in contrary to previous projects where synthetic (simulated) data has been used in a large extent. The gas turbine represents the subsystem that has received most attention in previous projects, which will also be the case for the present project although models of the HRSG, steam boiler and steam turbine are created since the whole plant is of interest. The completed ANN sub modules are connected in a network, which can be used for e.g. offline simulation and real-time condition monitoring of the plant. A product, including all sub modules, is created in shape of a user-friendly interface in an MS Excel environment. This user interface can be used for continuous monitoring, training personnel and in planning of the operation. The target group is the plant owners and the original equipment manufacturers (OEM). The plant owners interest lies in receiving a product that can assist them when operating the plant, for instance supply them with information about the grade of degradation. The OEMs main interest lies in investigating the possibilities of delivering ANNs, based on synthetic data, along with their new gas turbines. Vaesthamnsverket have contributed with operational data from the plant as well as support in plant related questions. Siemens have contributed with expert knowledge about their gas turbine, the SGT800. The received data has been examined and filtered before used for training ANN models. The models have been evaluated with independent data. The results are very promising with ANN models showing high prediction accuracy. All subsystems can be modeled with ANN and there are also possibilities of further development. The results have shown that there is potential in developing gas turbine models based on synthetic data but in order to draw any conclusions in this matter further research has to be carried out. A conclusion about the project as a whole is that ANN shows great versatility along with potential to be used within the field of thermal power plants. The project goals are considered to be fulfilled by the authors.
Materials in Sweden for future production of fuel pellets. A review of possible materials in short- and medium long-term; Raavaror foer framtida tillverkning av braenslepellets i Sverige. En kartlaeggning av taenkbara alternativa raavaror paa kort och medellaang sikt
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martinsson, Lars [Swedish National Testing and Research Inst., Boraas (Sweden)
The use of fuel pellets, mainly produced from sawdust and shavings from the Swedish sawmill industry, has increased during the 1990s among small-scale users such as private houses as well as large-scale users such as thermal power stations. During the last years this increase has continued for small-scale use. Due to a significant increase of the pellet prices the last couple of years the increase for the large-scale users seems to have stopped. It is reasonable to believe that these higher prices depend mostly on lack of raw materials for the fuel pellet production. The greater part of sawdust from Swedish saw mills is used in the pellet industry, the board industry or as an internal fuel. It is reasonable to assume a small increase of present raw material available for pellet production without a further decrease in the use for the board industry. Another sawmill by-product, dry chips, may increase in importance as a fuel pellet raw material and give a small contribution while the green chips should be for use in the pulp industry only. If the use of fuel pellets should increase there is a need for new raw materials. In the short-term, thinning material and cull tree could be alternatives that could give pellets with similar characteristics as present fuel pellets. For large-scale consumers with greater ability to handle problems concerning ash, such as sintering and fouling, as well as particle and gaseous emissions a further choice of raw materials could be possible, such as bark, peat and logging residues. In the longer term energy crops could be used as well as lignin, derived from energy effective pulp industry and from possible large-scale production of ethanol from woody biomass. Nearly all of the different raw materials studied in this review have higher amounts of substances not desirable in combustion such as potassium, chlorine and nitrogen. However, pelletizing gives an unique opportunity to mix different raw materials and possible additives in order to obtain a fuel more optimized than the raw materials on there own.
The development of fast reactors - Effects on the Swedish system of management of spent fuel; Utveckling av snabba reaktorer - Paaverkan paa det svenska systemet foer hantering av anvaent braensle
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hans Forsstroem, Hans [SKB International AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
Since the start of the nuclear power era studies have been performed of how to utilise the uranium energy resource in the most effective way. Only about one percent of the energy potential of uranium is utilised in the light water reactors of today. To improve the utilization other types of reactors are needed. With fast reactors theoretically 50-100 times more energy can be extracted from the uranium. This will require reprocessing of the uranium and multiple recycling of the plutonium. Plutonium and uranium can also be recycled in light water reactors, but this will only improve the uranium utilisation by about 20 %. Recycling of plutonium on a routine basis is presently only done in France. The development of fast reactors has been going on since the end of the 1940ies. During the 1970ies the planning was that a large number of fast reactors and their associated fuel cycle facilities would be in operation by the year 2000. The development has, however, for different reasons been much slower than planned. The general assessment today is that fast reactor, if they will be realised, will hardly give an important contribution to energy production until after 2050. Nuclear power production has instead been dominated by light water reactors similar to the ones in use in Sweden. Light water reactors are believed to continue to dominate during the next decades. To start a fast reactor system plutonium (or highly enriched uranium) will be needed. Such plutonium is contained in spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors. This raises the question: Should the spent nuclear fuel be stored so that the potential energy resource in the fuel can be used in the future instead of disposing of it as a waste? The answer to this question will depend on when the material will be useful, i.e. when fast reactors have been introduced on a large scale. It will also depend on the demand for plutonium at this time, i.e. will plutonium be a scarce redundant resource at this point of time. In this context it should be considered that fast reactors will generate their own plutonium, as breeder reactors. Plutonium from other reactors will thus only be needed for the first years of operation. To provide a basis for the answer to the question if the Swedish spent fuel is a resource or a waste this report provides an overview of the present development status for fast reactors and their potential for large scale commercial use. It further describes the impact on the Swedish system for management of spent nuclear fuel if the fuel were to be reprocessed and the uranium and plutonium reused as fuel for fast reactors or for the present reactors.
Addition of ash in drained peatland forests in southern Sweden - Forest yield and fluxes of greenhouse gases; Tillfoersel av aska i skog paa dikad torvmark i soedra Sverige - Skogsproduktion och emission av vaexthusgaser
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sikstroem Ulf (Skogforsk, Uppsala (Sweden)); Bjoerk, Robert G; Klemedtsson, Leif (Goeteborgs universitet (Sweden))
The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of wood-ash application (3.3 and 6.6 tonnes d.w. self-harden crushed wood ash ha-1) in forests on drained peatlands in southern Sweden. Tree growth (three sites) and fluxes of greenhouse gases (one site) were measured in field experiments. In the two experiments (Anderstorp and Bredaryd) in Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) on oligotrophic mires, tree growth increased significantly during the seven-eight year long effect periods after ash application. In an earlier study in Anderstorp, the annual emissions of CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2}O from the peat were shown to be unaffected by the ash application. In Skogaryd, a Norway spruce stand (Picea abies L. Karst.) on a minerotrophic mire, the growth was indicated to increase during the five-year effect period. In the same experiment, the previously found reduction in emissions of both CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O during the first two years after ash application were no longer significant, although the emissions where lower, for N{sub 2}O only in the high dose ash treatment. CH{sub 4} was unaffected during the whole observed period. During the first five years, application of 3-6 tonnes d.w. crushed wood ash ha-1 in the two studied forests on drained peatlands did not render in an increased Global Warming Potential (GWP), but rather a reduction
Impact assessment of the effect of natural values of interim storage, encapsulation and disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Oskarshamn. Laxemar; Konsekvensbedoemning av paaverkan paa naturvaerden vid mellanlagring, inkapsling och slutfoervaring av anvaent kaernbraensle i Oskarshamn. Laxemar
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nilsson, Magnus (Ekologigruppen AB, Stockholm (Sweden))
The report describes the natural environment and its natural values in Laxemar Simpevarp, the final disposal facility's impacts on the natural environment and measures that can be taken to reduce these. Both terrestrial and aquatic environments are described. Impact on the natural environments of groundwater reduction is not discussed here but described in a separate report, together with consequences of radiation. The report shall serve as a basis for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the application according to the Environment Act.
Comparison the Effect of Disinfection of Yasuj Sewage Effluent with UV/Paa/Naocl Combined Treatment : A Pilot Plant Study
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
SA Sadat
Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Introduction & objective: Disinfection of effluent swage treatment plant, is one of the the most important stage of treatment effluent that has been done with purpose of water sources protection or water reuse.Chlorine compounds are the most common disinfectants that have been ever used for this idea.Todays,with attention to the production of dangerous by-products,that can cause by using chlorine compounds in water, other disinfections such as H2o2,paa and uv ,o3 combinations of two or three of them has been stated for replacing items. This study designed to compare the disinfection efficiency of combinations of three common disinfectants mentioned above in pilot plant study. Materials & Methods: This is an empirical study that was done on sewage effluent of Yasuj wastewater treatment plant in 1387. During sample operations, through 5 months, each 10 days, two sample sets with different concentrations of each disinfectant compound were experimented on determining total coliforms(TC, fecal coliforms(FC, fecal streptococci(FS according to standard methods for waste water experiments. Reseived data was analysed by SPSS software and ANOVA, statistical test. Results: This study indicates that combined methods Paa/Naocl/UV, Paa/UV, Naocl/UV, in order from left to right, has the most efficiency in decreasing total coliforms and Paa/Naocl/UV have the most efficiency and UV the least efficiency and Paa/UV, Naocl/UV have the same efficiency in decreasing fecal coliforms. all the combined disinifection methods that have been used in this research most times completely eliminate fecal streptococci from swage of Yasouj wastewater treatment plant. Conclusion:The result indicate that combined uses of Paa, Naocl, with UV for disinfection sewage effluent make an intensive effect on disinfectant materials over each other and consequently increasing efficiency of this method in deactivation total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci .
Vinkelegenskapsklassificering av svetsglas : Angående utvecklingen av en conometerbaserad klassifikationsutrustning.
Sundell, Erik
Denna rapport är skriven för optikgruppen på 3M Svenska ABs forsknings- och utvecklingsavdelning i Gagnef. Rapporten beskriver den driftsatta tekniken för vinkelegenskapsklassificeringar av ADFer samt den berörda fysiken. Rapporten avser att underlätta det ofullständiga arbetet av att ackreditera optikgruppens förmåga att genomföra dessa klassifikationer. Rapporten inleds med att beskriva fysiken relaterad till mätning av mänsklig ljusupplevelse. Därefter presenteras bland annat tekniken krin...
Vurdering av strømforhold og partikkelspredning ved etablering av ny dypvannskai ved Rana Industriterminal
Staalstrøm, Andre; Kempa, Magdalena
Det skal etableres en ny dypvannskai ved Rana Industriterminal, og i den forbindelse har NIVA gjort vurderinger av strømforhold i området og partikkelspredning i anleggsperioden. I denne rapporten er det tatt utgangspunkt i at 135 000 m³ med masse skal mudres opp. Det er videre antatt at 2 % av denne massen spres i Ranfjorden, og dette utgjør 1620 tonn tørr masse. Denne mengden tilsvarer den samme mengden partikler som kan tilføres fjorden fra Ranelva i løpet av en ukes tid, og anses ikke som...
Results of a Pilot-Scale Disinfection Test using Peracetic Acid (PAA) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Taylor, Paul Allen [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
The purpose of this report is to present the results of a small pilot-scale test using PAA to disinfect a side stream of the effluent from the ORNL STP. These results provide the basis for requesting approval for full-scale use of PAA at the ORNL STP.
Att arbeta tillsammans - utvärdering av nytt kursupplägg av examensarbeten
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sofia Thorsson
Full Text Available Grupphandledning av examensarbete inom geografi, med fokus på naturgeografi, vid Göteborgs Universitet infördes 2012 som ett komplement till den individuella handledningen i syfte att öka genomströmningen av studenter samt kvaliteten på arbetena. I denna artikel presenteras och utvärderas det aktuella kursupplägget. Såväl genomströmningen som kvaliteten (bearbetning och tolkning av materialet, teorianknytning, disposition och språk ökade efter införandet av grupphandledning, vilket i linje med tidigare studier visar att grupphandledning är ett bra komplement till den traditionella individuella handledningen.
Digitala backspeglar - Fysisk-ergonomiska konsekvenser av arrangemang av digitala backspeglar i en lastbilshytt
Backspeglar på dagens lastbilar bidrar till fordonets bränsleförbrukning på grund av det luftmotstånd som de orsakar. Detta bidrag kan minskas om de fysiska speglarna ersätts av digitala motsvarigheter, i form av kameror monterade på lastbilens utsida och bildskärmar placerade inuti lastbilshytten. Ett sådant ingrepp medför en rad möjligheter för förbättring av inte bara fordonets verkningsgrad utan även förarmiljön. Med digitala backspeglar så skulle det vara möjligt att visa stödjande grafi...
Monitoring of test roads with MSWI bottom ash in the sub-base. Measurements with falling weight deflectometer on test structures in Malmoe and Umeaa. Analyses of ground water and leachate along test structures in Umeaa; Uppfoeljning av slaggrusprovvaegar. Fallviktsmaetning paa provstraeckor paa Toerringevaegen i Malmoe och Daavamyran i Umeaa. Grundvatten- och lakvattenanalyser paa provstraeckor vid Daavamyran i Umeaa
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Arm, Maria; Larsson, Lennart; Tiberg, Charlotta; Lind, Bo; Arvidslund, Ola
A number of test roads and test areas with processed municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, here called MSWI gravel, have been built in Sweden during the last 10-15 years. The main purpose of the projects reported here was to take advantage of the existing test roads to increase the knowledge of the long-term strength and environmental impact of MSWI gravel, when it is used as a road material. Two test roads with MSWI gravel in the sub-base were monitored through falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements and, for one of the roads, by means of sampling and analyses of groundwater and leachate within and along the road. The first road, constructed in 1998, is named Toerringevaegen and is situated outside Malmoe in the south of Sweden. The second road, Daava test road, was constructed in 2001 and is situated outside Umeaa in the north of Sweden. The roads were monitored regarding strength from 2004 to 2008 and Daava test road was also monitored regarding environmental impact from 2006 to 2008. For both roads, comparison was made over time and between the test sections with MSWI gravel and reference sections with crushed rock. Comparison was also made with results from previous studies on these test roads, resulting in a uniquely long monitoring period. The results from Toerringevaegen show that the road section with MSWI gravel in the sub-base retains its strength after several years. The three measurements performed at the Daava road revealed an initially decreasing strength and then a stabilisation. As in previous studies, the strength of the MSWI gravel was found to be about 70% of that of the crushed rock, which has to be taken into account in the design phase. It was concluded that regarding the strength properties MSWI gravel is suitable as sub-base material if the road is properly designed. It can also be used as a filling material, in embankments and as a capping layer. This confirms the conclusions from previous studies. The results from the leachate analyses showed increased cumulative leaching of calcium and sulphate from both sections at the Daava test road, which was surprising. Furthermore, most compounds leached in greater amount from the reference section than from the test section. There was a significant decrease in the leaching of copper, TOC, chloride and sodium over time from the test section, while the decrease of chromium leaching was not as significant. During the first years after construction, the test section leached greater amount of organic compounds analysed than the reference section did, but the concentrations in the leachates decreased significantly and after five-six years they were comparable with those of the reference section. During the last years, the concentrations of organic acids in the leachates from the reference section were higher than in the leachates from the test section. The reason for this is unknown. When results from previous laboratory leaching tests on the MSWI gravel used were compared with the newly proposed maximum values for waste to be used in construction works (general use) and with current limit values for waste disposed in landfills for inert waste, it was clear that chloride, sulphate and copper and initially to some extent chromium were critical compounds. However, all compounds with proposed or fixed limit values were not analysed in the previous study. Comparison between the leachates from the test section and results from previous laboratory leaching of the MSWI gravel showed significantly different patterns. This should be taken into account in the assessment of potential use
Salinity, water hardness, and dissolved organic carbon modulate degradation of peracetic acid (PAA) compounds in aqueous solutions
Peracetic acid (PAA) is used in aquaculture under different conditions for disinfection purposes. However, there is a lack of information about its environmental fate, particularly its persistence in aquatic systems with different chemistries. Therefore, the impact of water hardness, salinity, and d...
Konsum av risiko-matvarer - Beskrivelse av en undersøkelse som skal kartlegge konsum av matvarer med betydning for inntaket av miljøgifter
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Helle Margrete Meltzer
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGI perioden 1999-2001 vil det bli gjennomført tre kostholdsundersøkelser som til sammen skal kartlegge konsum avmatvarer med betydning for inntaket av miljøgifter i Norge, fortrinnsvis kadmium, kvikksølv, PCB og dioksiner.Disse giftene finnes hovedsakelig i krabbe, flatfisk, skjell, gjedde og abbor, lever eller nyre fra vilt og viltvoksendesopp. Fordi gjennomsnittskonsumet er lavt, spørres det ikke spesifikt om disse matvarene i landsdekkende kostholdsundersøkelsersom 'Norkost'. Hensikten med studien er å kunne gi en bedre beskrivelse av eksponeringsfordelingeni befolkningen med tanke på miljøgifter. Fordelingen er antakelig skjev, dvs. et stort antall personerventes å ha et lavt inntak og noen få personer ventes å ha et relativt høyt inntak av de undersøkte stoffene. Eventuelleukjente risikogrupper vil kunne avdekkes, og det er av stor interesse å undersøke hvor stor eksponeringen i deutsatte gruppene er.Del A av undersøkelsen er landsdekkende og omfatter en postal frekvensundersøkelse til 10 000 tilfeldig valgtepersoner mellom 18 og 79 år. Del B omfatter en postal frekvensundersøkelse til 6000 tilfeldig valgte personer i sekskommuner, der tre er kystkommuner og tre er innlandskommuner. Kommunene blir valgt ut fra kjennskap til godtilgang på de aktuelle matvarene. Vi antar at der tilgangen på matvarene er god, er konsumet høyere. Del C avundersøkelsen vil omfatte høykonsumenter av aktuelle matvarer, valgt fra del B av undersøkelsen. Dette vil være endybdestudie der analyser av miljøgifter i blod, hår og urin også skal inngå.Undersøkelsen er den første i sitt slag her til lands og vi kjenner ikke til at tilsvarende studier er gjort i andreland. Hensikten med artikkelen er å gi en beskrivelse av undersøkelsen i en tidlig fase av gjennomføringen.Meltzer HM, Bergsten C, Stene LC, Stigum H, Wiborg ML, Lund-Larsen K, Alexander J. Consumption ofcontaminated foods – Description of a dietary survey
Operators tool to control fibre quality in the production of CTMP/TMP in an energy efficient way. New view shows a potential to reduce energy input; Operatoersverktyg foer styrning av fiberkvalitet vid tillverkning av CTMP/TMP paa ett energieffektivt saett. Ny syn visar paa potential foer energibesparing
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ferritsius, Olof; Johansson, Ola; Ferritsius, Rita
The main objective of the project was to provide operators in the two factories the opportunity to more actively identify causes of variations in energy efficiency in the production of TMP and CTMP. To achieve this, it was done in collaboration with the Umeaa Inst. of Design at Umeaa Univ., new types of operator interfaces that clearly demonstrate when changes are about to occur in the process variables respectively quality variables. In addition, a method was developed to calculate the energy efficiency on-line with regard to quality.
Long term effects on water streams of wood ash recycling to a forest plantation; Laangtidsverkan paa avrinnande vatten av askaaterfoering till plantskog. Slutrapport foer en delstudie inom det av Energimyndigheten finansierade projektet 'Skogliga aatgaerder - effekter paa kol-, naering- och tungmetallfloeden'
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eriksson, Hillevi; Nilsson, Torbjoern [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Forest Soils
The chemical composition of runoff from a wood ash fertilized catchment in central Sweden have been studied during eight years after the treatment. The effects of the ash treatment was compared with a 12ayear long reference period and a reference catchment close to the ash treated catchment. The ash treated area was earlier (winter 1980/81) whole-tree-harvested to 90 %. At the same time the reference area was stemwood harvested on 60 % of the area. Both areas were planted with spruce and pine. Granulated ash was spread on the whole-tree-harvested area, by helicopter, on two occasions (1aton per hectare in May 1989 and 2 tonnes per hectare in October 1991). During the first ash application a marked peak in K concentration was observed. The second ash application caused a high peak in K concentration. Short-lived peaks was also observed for pH, electric conductivity, ANC, Mg, Na and Cl. Significant increases of pH, electric conductivity, Ca, K and Cl was observed in runoff water from the ash treated area during the 8-year-period after the last ash spreading. However, during the same period concentrations of NH4-N, N03-N and total N have shown a relative decrease in runoff water from the ash treated area, compared to the reference area.
Addition of ash on drained forested peatlands in southern Sweden. Effects on forest production, fluxes of greenhouse gases, peat properties, understorey vegetation and groundwater chemistry; Tillfoersel av aska i skog paa dikad torvmark i soedra Sverige. Effekter paa skogsproduktion, floeden av vaexthusgaser, torvegenskaper, markvegetation och grundvattenkemi
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sikstroem, Ulf; Bjoerk, Robert G.; Ring, Eva; Ernfors, Maria; Jacobson, Staffan; Nilsson, Mats; Klemedtsson, Leif
The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of wood-ash addition on drained peatlands in southern Sweden. Tree growth, greenhouse gases, peat properties, microbial biomass and processes, understory vegetation and groundwater chemistry were measured in three field experiments (some variables were not measured in all experiments): (i) 168 Perstorp, an oligotrophic mire with Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), where 2.5 tonnes d.w. of wood ash/ha (2.5WA) was added in 1982; (ii) 273 Anderstorp, also an oligotrophic mire with Scots pine, where 3.3 tonnes d.w. crushed ash/ha (3.3KA) and 6.6 tonnes d.w. crushed/ha (6.6KA) was added in 2003; (iii) 278 Skogaryd, a minerotrophic mire with Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), where the same doses of crushed ash as in Anderstorp were added in 2006. Untreated controls were included in all experiments. At Anderstorp, increased tree growth was indicated, at least in the treatment with the highest ash dose during the first five years after treatment. The annual emissions of CO{sub 2}, CH4 and N{sub 2}O from the peat were unaffected. At Skogaryd, the growth was unaffected and the emissions of both CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O were reduced during the first two years after treatment. In general, the significant ash effects (2.5WA and 3.3KA evaluated) on peat characteristics, microbial biomass and processes were found in the upper soil (0-5 cm) at the recently treated sites (Anderstorp and Skogaryd), and at greater depths (5-30 cm) at Perstorp, where the ash was added 25 years ago. In the ash treatment at Perstorp, there was a shift in the plant community structure and a decrease in species diversity of the understory vegetation. However, at this point of time, the forest stand had become substantially denser than on the control plots. Hence, these effects on the understory vegetation may have been an indirect effect of the ash-induced altered tree stand properties. In Skogaryd, no shift in the plant community was found, but an increase in species diversity was detected two years after the application of 6.6KA. In Anderstorp, no effect on the understory vegetation was found. The wood-ash application at Skogaryd resulted in very few statistically significant effects on the 43 measured chemical variables in the groundwater. High background concentrations of for instance B, Ca, Mg and PO4-P probably contributed to this. During the first five years, addition of 3-6 tonnes d.w. crushed wood ash/ha on the studied drained peatlands did not render in an increased Global Warming Potential (GWP), but rather a reduction
Structural and optical behavior of thin films of protein (BSA)-Polyelectrolyte (PAA, PSS) complexes
Talukdar, Hrishikesh; Kundu, Sarathi
Optical behaviors of protein (BSA) in the presence of negatively charged polyelectrolytes (PAA and PSS) in thin film confirmation are studied using UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The out-of-plane structures and in-plane surface morphologies of the thin films of protein-polyelectrolyte complexes (PPC) are investigated using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. It is found that although the out-of-plane structure and surface morphology of PPC is nearly same as in pure polyelectrolyte but a larger red-shift of ≈ 23 nm is obtained in optical emissions from the thin films of PPC in comparison with that of the pure protein and PPC solutions. Mechanism is proposed for such larger red-shift from the thin film of PPC.
Spectroscopic study; Estudio espectroscopico del PAA con iones de Eu{sup 3+} como material luminescente
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Flores, M.; Rodriguez, R. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Arroyo, R. [Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
This work is focused about the spectroscopic properties of a polymer material which consists of Polyacrylic acid (Paa) doped at different concentrations of Europium ions (Eu{sup 3+}). They show that to stay chemically joined with the polymer by a study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of {sup 1} H, {sup 13} C and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-IR) they present changes in the intensity of signals, just as too when this material is irradiated at {lambda} = 394 nm. In according with the results obtained experimentally in this type of materials it can say that is possible to unify chemically the polymer with this type of cations, as well as, varying the concentration of them, since that these are distributed homogeneously inside the matrix maintaining its optical properties. These materials can be obtained more quickly and easy in solid or liquid phase and they have the best conditions for to make a quantitative analysis. (Author)
The transport of phenylacetic acid across the peroxisomal membrane is mediated by the PaaT protein in Penicillium chrysogenum.
Fernández-Aguado, Marta; Ullán, Ricardo V; Teijeira, Fernando; Rodríguez-Castro, Raquel; Martín, Juan F
Penicillium chrysogenum, an industrial microorganism used worldwide for penicillin production, is an excellent model to study the biochemistry and the cell biology of enzymes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The well-known peroxisomal location of the last two steps of penicillin biosynthesis (phenylacetyl-CoA ligase and isopenicillin N acyltransferase) requires the import into the peroxisomes of the intermediate isopenicillin N and the precursors phenylacetic acid and coenzyme A. The mechanisms for the molecular transport of these precursors are still poorly understood. In this work, a search was made, in the genome of P. chrysogenum, in order to find a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) membrane protein homologous to CefT of Acremonium chrysogenum, which is known to confer resistance to phenylacetic acid. The paaT gene was found to encode a MFS membrane protein containing 12 transmembrane spanners and one Pex19p-binding domain for Pex19-mediated targeting to peroxisomal membranes. RNA interference-mediated silencing of the paaT gene caused a clear reduction of benzylpenicillin secretion and increased the sensitivity of P. chrysogenum to the penicillin precursor phenylacetic acid. The opposite behavior was found when paaT was overexpressed from the glutamate dehydrogenase promoter that increases phenylacetic acid resistance and penicillin production. Localization studies by fluorescent laser scanning microscopy using PaaT-DsRed and EGFP-SKL fluorescent fusion proteins clearly showed that the protein was located in the peroxisomal membrane. The results suggested that PaaT is involved in penicillin production, most likely through the translocation of side-chain precursors (phenylacetic acid and phenoxyacetic acid) from the cytosol to the peroxisomal lumen across the peroxisomal membrane of P. chrysogenum.
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Hørthe, Stine
Cookies er små informasjonskapsler som Internettaktører legger igjen på en slutt-brukers datamaskin ved surfing på nettsider. Bruken av cookies på nettsider har fåttøkt oppmerksomhet de siste årene. I tillegg til å muliggjøre flere nyttige funksjonerfor en tjenestetilbyder, som for eksempel brukerrettet reklame og informasjonsinn-henting, har det den siste tiden blitt rettet en del kritiske spørsmål rundt bruken avcookies samt spørsmål knyttet til personvern og juridiske aspekt. Denne oppgave...
Instrumentering av Bergsøysundbrua og Gjemnesundbrua
Dahlen, Adrian; Lystad, Tor Martin
Gjemnessundbrua og Bergsøysundbrua på Europavei E39 i Møre og Romsdal, skal instrumenteres for identifikasjon av strukturelle og dynamiske egenskaper. Denne rapporten omhandler dokumentasjon og beskrivelse av det utførte arbeidet ved monteringen av måleutstyret. Det er også gjort analyser av de ulike konstruksjonsdelene akselerometersensorer og anemometre er montert på. Til slutt er de initielle responssignalene fra systemet behandlet, der egenfrekvenser og dempningsegenskaper til bruene blir...
Betydelsen av taktil massage i omvårdnaden av dementa patienter- En systematisk litteraturstudie
Wetterström, Marina; Swan, Emelie
Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att se vilka effekter taktil massage ger hos personer med demens. Sökning av artiklar har gjorts på databaserna CINAHL, ELIN@Dalarna och PubMed där sökorden dementia, massage, nursing, older people, Therapeutic touch och touch användes i olika kombinationer. Litteraturstudien består av kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar. Artiklarna skulle vara vetenskapliga och inte publicerade före 1995, de skulle även svara på syfte och frågeställning. F...
Upplevelser av "Employer Branding" : En kvalitativ fallstudie av anställda hos BA
Hermansson, Otto; Elisabeth, Mackenhauer
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur medarbetarna på BA (fiktivt namn) upplever organisationens interna Employer Branding-arbete samt att belysa de aspekter som eventuellt skiljer strategi mot upplevelse. Det gjordes ett målinriktat urval av organisation medan valet av deltagare var ett slumpmässigt urval vilket resulterade i åtta respondenter (n= 8). Studien var en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett psykologiskt angreppssätt och innehöll en ostrukturerad intervju som tillsammans m...
Implementeringsforskning: vitenskap for forbedring av praksis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Signe Flottorp
Full Text Available Medisinsk forskning har ført til store framskritt de siste tiårene. Det er investert mye mer ressurser på basalforskning og klinisk forskning enn på å utvikle og evaluere metoder for å sikre at pasientene får nytte av forskningen. Formålet med implementeringsforskning er å redusere gapet mellom forskning og praksis, ved å utvikle og evaluere tiltak som kan sikre at behandlingen som pasientene mottar er kunnskapsbasert, at den er omsorgsfull og av god kvalitet.I denne artikkelen gjør vi rede for hva implementering og implementeringsforskning er. Vi belyser historikken til denne unge vitenskapen, og illustrerer mangfoldet i de faglige tilnærmingene og begrepene som brukes om det å få forskning brukt i praksis. Det finnes en rekke teorier om endring av atferd, både på individnivå og på organisatorisk nivå. Teoriene er imidlertid i liten grad testet empirisk, særlig når det gjelder å endre atferd i helsetjenesten.Systematiske oversikter over metodisk gode studier er den beste kilden til informasjon om effekt av implementeringstiltak. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC er en viktig kilde for slike oversikter. De systematiske oversiktene som er utarbeidet på dette feltet viser at passive dissemineringstiltak har begrenset effekt, mens mer aktive tiltak kan ha liten til moderat effekt. Det er ofte betydelig variasjon i effekt på tvers av studiene. Det er derfor viktig å få bedre kunnskap om hvilke faktorer som kan forklare slike forskjeller i effekt.Vi gir eksempler på norske implementeringsstudier, og refererer bidrag fra forskere ved Kunnskapssenteret. Implementeringsforskningen kan, hvis den lykkes, sikre pasientene bedre behandling.Flottorp S, Aakhus E. Implementation research: science for improving practice. Nor J Epidemiol 201 3; 23 (2: 187-196.ENGLISH SUMMARY Medical research has led to major advances in recent decades. More resources have been invested in basic and clinical research
Design av arkitektur for evolusjonær maskinvare basert på intern rekonfigurering av FPGA
Senland, Geir Aarstad
Det ble i denne oppgaven designet en arkitektur for evolusjonær maskinvare basert på intern rekonfigurering av FPGA. Til å utføre intern rekonfigurasjonen av FPGA-en ble internal configuration access port (ICAP) brukt. Programmet PlanAhead fra Xilinx ble brukt til å designe den interne rekonfigurasjonsdelen av arkitekturen. Motivasjonen for oppgaven var å introdusere fleksibilitet til et signal- og klassifikasjonssystem, ved å bruke intern rekonfigurasjon av FPGA. Klassifikasjonssystemet ...
AVS user's guide on the basis of practice
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Masuko, Kenji; Kato, Katsumi; Kume, Etsuo; Fujii, Minoru.
The special guides for the use of visualization software AVS have been developed at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The purpose of these guides is to help the AVS users understand easily the use of the one, due to the fact that it is so difficult for beginners to understand the original manuals. In this report, 'Transportation Evacuation Simulation' is taken up as an object of visualization, and the procedure of visualization and images recording by using the AVS are described. By using the AVS according to this report, a series of the procedure which are necessary for use of the AVS can be acquired. (author)
Synthesis and photoluminescence enhancement of nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} with controllable dimension and morphology
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wu, Jianguo [State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Physics Department, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Wang, Kaige, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Zhou, Yukun; Wang, Shuang; Zhang, Chen [State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Wang, Guiren [State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Shaanxi Province, National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-functional Materials and Application, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Mechanical Engineering Department & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 (United States); and others
Highlights: • One kind of large area nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} composite film is fabricated, its dimension and morphology is controllable. The properties of nano-composite films have been heavily influenced by the concentration of initial ZnCl{sub 2} solution, the depth of nano-PAAM substrate and the growth time of ZnCl{sub 2} crystals. • At room temperature, the nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} film has the same excitation center (335 nm) and emission center (430 nm) as the nano-PAAM substrate, and the PL intensities can be doubly enhanced. • After annealing at 500 °C, the emission peak spectra of the nano-composite films stabilized at 385 nm, 402 nm, and 430 nm. - Abstract: One kind of ZnCl{sub 2} nano-films with controllable dimension and morphology is successfully synthesized on the top surface of nano-porous anodic alumina membrane (nano-PAAM) by self-organized method. The nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} composite films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the concentration of initial ZnCl{sub 2} solution, the depth of nano-PAAM substrate and the growth time of ZnCl{sub 2} crystals have important influences on the properties of nano-composite films. Furthermore, the characteristics of nano-composites such as the photoluminescence (PL) spectra are investigated. Compared with the nano-PAAM substrate, at room temperature, all of the nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} composite films have both the same excitation center (335 nm) and emission center (430 nm), no matter what the nano-composite morphologies being; and the PL intensity of nano-PAA-ZnCl{sub 2} composite films are all enhanced and the maximum enhancement is two times; after annealing at 500 °C, the emission spectra of the nano-composite films stabilized at the 385 nm, 402 nm and 430 nm. The research provides a new, simple, economical and practical technology to fabricate nano-PAA composite films with higher
Wallman, Karin; Löfgren, Stefan; Sonesten, Lars; Demandt, Christian
Vid en granskning av nickelhalter för perioden 1985-2007 upptäcktes ett nivåskifte i tidsserierna på flera stationer mellan 2001 och 2002. Skiftet visade sig bero på att prover innan 2002 inte korrigerades för kalciuminterferens, medan prover under åren 2002-2007 korrigerades. Syftet med denna rapport är att utreda om resultaten före 2002 i efterhand kan korrigeras för kalciuminterferensen. Från 2002 finns ett antal prover (N=347) med resultat som både är kalciumkorrigerade och som inte är de...
Brazilian policies and strategies for rural territorial development in Mozambique: South-South cooperation and the case of ProSAVANA and PAA
Clements, Elizabeth Alice [UNESP
This thesis analyzes Brazil's present role in South-South development cooperation in Africa, focusing on the implementation and impact of Brazilian policies for rural territorial development in Mozambique. Specifically, two different programs for agricultural development-ProSAVANA and PAA Africa-are examined. ProSAVANA is an ongoing trilateral program run by the governments of Brazil, Japan and Mozambique that aims to modernize agriculture in three provinces in Northern Mozambique. PAA Africa...
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of PaaAC, the main component of the hydroxylase of the Escherichia coli phenylacetyl-coenzyme A oxygenase complex
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Grishin, Andrey M.; Ajamian, Eunice; Zhang, Linhua; Cygler, Miroslaw
The expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the PaaAC complex is reported. This is the main component of the E. coliphenylacetyl-coenzyme A oxygenase complex. The Escherichia coli paa operon encodes enzymes of the phenylacetic acid-utilization pathway that metabolizes phenylacetate in the form of a coenzyme A (CoA) derivative. The phenylacetyl-coenzyme A oxygenase complex, which has been postulated to contain five components designated PaaABCDE, catalyzes ring hydroxylation of phenylacetyl-CoA. The PaaAC subcomplex shows low sequence similarity to other bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases (BMMs) and forms a separate branch on the phylogenetic tree. PaaAC, which catalyzes the hydroxylation reaction, was purified and crystallized in the absence of a bound ligand as well as in complexes with CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, benzoyl-CoA and the true substrate phenylacetyl-CoA. Crystals of the ligand-free enzyme belonged to space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 and diffracted to 2.65 Å resolution, whereas complexes with CoA and its derivatives crystallized in space group P4 1 2 1 2 and diffracted to ∼2.0 Å resolution. PaaAC represents the first crystallized BMM hydroxylase that utilizes a CoA-linked substrate
Når kontakter betyr alt : En studie av bruken av nettverksmediet LinkedIn
Blaalid, Maren Hyvang
LinkedIn er et av de mest populære sosiale mediene i Norge og tiltrekker seg stadig flere medlemmer. I denne masteroppgaven studerer jeg bruken av LinkedIn for å undersøke hva som er det særegne ved dette nettverksmediet. Jeg har utført en spørreundersøkelse blant 280 brukere for å få innsikt i hvem de er, hvorfor de bruker LinkedIn og hvordan de gjør det. Funnene fra analysen viser at brukerne kjennetegnes ved at de er selvstendige og formålsrasjonelle, som bruker LinkedIn strategisk for å n...
Micelles from HOOC-PnBA-b-PAA-C12H15 Diblock Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes as Protein Nanocarriers.
Papagiannopoulos, Aristeidis; Meristoudi, Anastasia; Pispas, Stergios; Radulescu, Aurel
We investigate the potential of self-assembled nanostructures of the PnBA-b-PAA amphiphilic diblock polyelectrolyte as candidates for protein nanocarriers. Three PnBA-b-PAA copolymers with different molecular weights and PnBA/PAA weight ratios are tested. The system with the most well-defined core-shell micellar structure is chosen for complexation with lysozyme. Its solutions are found to contain well-defined core-shell micelles that are stable upon increase in solution salt content to physiological levels. Upon mixing with lysozyme we find that the protein globules accumulate preferably at the outer parts of the hydrated corona of the micelles. Increasing the protein concentration, intermicellar aggregation is enhanced in a controllable way. At high salt content the number of proteins per micelle is lower compared with the low salt content, which points to an interaction of predominantly electrostatic nature. While light scattering is very sensitive to complexation, small-angle neutron scattering is able to distinguish between the contributions from individual micelles and aggregates. This work demonstrates the use of scattering techniques to characterize protein-polymer interactions in multiple hierarchical levels.
Preparation and in vitro drug delivery response of doxorubicin loaded PAA coated magnetite nanoparticles
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Omidirad Reyhan
Full Text Available In this study, spherical superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION with mean diameter of 6 nm were prepared by means of a reduction-precipitation method. The surface of SPION were coated with poly(acrylic acid 5000 (PAA-5000 and followed by loading of anticancer drug doxorubicin. Drug loading efficiency was (14.64 ± 0.29. In vitro drug release studies were done for 8 h at two different pH (4.2 and 7.4 and drug release rates at pH 4.2 (100% DOX released in 2 h was much faster than that at pH 7.4 (~78% DOX released in 8 h. These results indicate that these DOX-carrier nanoparticles have a high drug loading capacity and favorable release property for magnetic drug targeting. Kinetic drug release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model at pH 4.2 while at pH 7.4 zero order model was best fitted, and drug release mechanism followed super case II transport in acidic and basic medium. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis.
Functional mathematical model of dual pathway AV nodal conduction.
Climent, A M; Guillem, M S; Zhang, Y; Millet, J; Mazgalev, T N
Dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathway physiology is described as two different wave fronts that propagate from the atria to the His bundle: one with a longer effective refractory period [fast pathway (FP)] and a second with a shorter effective refractory period [slow pathway (SP)]. By using His electrogram alternance, we have developed a mathematical model of AV conduction that incorporates dual AV nodal pathway physiology. Experiments were performed on five rabbit atrial-AV nodal preparations to develop and test the presented model. His electrogram alternances from the inferior margin of the His bundle were used to identify fast and slow wave front propagations. The ability to predict AV conduction time and the interaction between FP and SP wave fronts have been analyzed during regular and irregular atrial rhythms (e.g., atrial fibrillation). In addition, the role of dual AV nodal pathway wave fronts in the generation of Wenckebach periodicities has been illustrated. Finally, AV node ablative modifications have been evaluated. The model accurately reproduced interactions between FP and SP during regular and irregular atrial pacing protocols. In all experiments, specificity and sensitivity higher than 85% were obtained in the prediction of the pathway responsible for conduction. It has been shown that, during atrial fibrillation, the SP ablation significantly increased the mean HH interval (204 ± 39 vs. 274 ± 50 ms, P AV node mechanisms and should be considered as a step forward in the studies of AV nodal conduction.
AV nodal dual pathway electrophysiology and Wenckebach periodicity.
Zhang, Youhua; Mazgalev, Todor N
The precise mechanism(s) governing the phenomenon of AV nodal Wenckebach periodicity is not fully elucidated. Currently 2 hypotheses, the decremental conduction and the Rosenbluethian step-delay, are most frequently used. We have provided new evidence that, in addition, dual pathway (DPW) electrophysiology is directly involved in the manifestation of AV nodal Wenckebach phenomenon. AV nodal cellular action potentials (APs) were recorded from 6 rabbit AV node preparations during standard A1A2 and incremental pacing protocols. His electrogram alternans, a validated index of DPW electrophysiology, was used to monitor fast (FP) and slow (SP) pathway conduction. The data were collected in intact AV nodes, as well as after SP ablation. In all studied hearts the Wenckebach cycle started with FP propagation, followed by transition to SP until its ultimate block. During this process complex cellular APs were observed, with decremental foot formations reflecting the fading FP and second depolarizations produced by the SP. In addition, the AV node cells exhibited a progressive loss in maximal diastolic membrane potential (MDP) due to incomplete repolarization. The pause created with the blocked Wenckebach beat was associated with restoration of MDP and reinitiation of the conduction cycle via the FP wavefront. DPW electrophysiology is dynamically involved in the development of AV nodal Wenckebach periodicity. In the intact AV node, the cycle starts with FP that is progressively weakened and then replaced by SP propagation, until block occurs. AV nodal SP modification did not eliminate Wenckebach periodicity but strongly affected its paradigm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pollen transmission of asparagus virus 2 (AV-2) may facilitate mixed infection by two AV-2 isolates in asparagus plants.
Kawamura, Ryusuke; Shimura, Hanako; Mochizuki, Tomofumi; Ohki, Satoshi T; Masuta, Chikara
Asparagus virus 2 (AV-2) is a member of the genus Ilarvirus and thought to induce the asparagus decline syndrome. AV-2 is known to be transmitted by seed, and the possibility of pollen transmission was proposed 25 years ago but not verified. In AV-2 sequence analyses, we have unexpectedly found mixed infection by two distinct AV-2 isolates in two asparagus plants. Because mixed infections by two related viruses are normally prevented by cross protection, we suspected that pollen transmission of AV-2 is involved in mixed infection. Immunohistochemical analyses and in situ hybridization using AV-2-infected tobacco plants revealed that AV-2 was localized in the meristem and associated with pollen grains. To experimentally produce a mixed infection via pollen transmission, two Nicotiana benthamiana plants that were infected with each of two AV-2 isolates were crossed. Derived cleaved-amplified polymorphic sequence analysis identified each AV-2 isolate in the progeny seedlings, suggesting that pollen transmission could indeed result in a mixed infection, at least in N. benthamiana.
Effekt av melkesyrebakteriers metabolisme på utviklingen av Escherichia coli O157:H7 i melk
Westblad, Anne Margrethe
Dagens regelverk sier at all melk som omsettes skal være varmebehandlet, men åpner samtidig for salg av melkeprodukter basert på upasteurisert melk, forutsatt overholdelse av visse krav. Dermed kan småskalavirksomheter framstille melkeprodukter av upasteurisert melk hvis de skulle ønske det. Et slikt ønske er ofte begrunnet i tradisjoner og praktiske forhold. I tillegg er det flere som påstår at råmelk er sunnere enn pasteurisert melk og at råmelkas mikroflora hemmer vekst av uønskede bakteri...
Chemically Surface Tunable Solubility Parameter for Controllable Drug Delivery—An Example and Perspective from Hollow PAA-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles with R6G Model Drug
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Quanguo He
Full Text Available Solubility parameter-dependent drug releasing property is essential in practical drug delivery systems (DDS, and how to combine magnetic nanoparticles(NPs and suitable polymer coating towards DDS is always a crucial and valuable challenge in biomedical application. Herein, a controllable drug delivery model with a surface having a chemically tunable solubility parameter is presented using hollow magnetite/polyacrylic acid (Fe3O4/PAA nanocomposites as nanocarrier towards DDS. This composite is prepared by simply coating the modified hollow Fe3O4 with PAA. The coating amount of PAA onto the surface of Fe3O4 (measured by TGA is about 40% (w/w. Then, Rhodamine 6G (R6G is selected as model drug in drug delivery experiment. The efficiency of drug loading and drug release of these Fe3O4/PAA nanocarriers are evaluated under various temperature, solvent and pH values. As a result, the best drug releasing rate was achieved as 93.0% in pH = 7.4 PBS solution after 14 h. The releasing efficiency is 86.5% in acidic condition, while a lower releasing rate (30.0% is obtained in aqueous solution, as different forms (polyacrylic acid and polyacrylate of PAA present different solubility parameters, causing different salt and acid effects in various solvents, swelling property of PAA, and binding force between PAA and R6G. Therefore, by changing the solubility parameter of coating polymers, the drug delivery properties could be effectively tuned. These findings prove that the DDS based on magnetic particle cores and polymer encapsulation could efficiently regulate the drug delivery properties by tuning surface solubility parameter in potential cancer targeting and therapy.
Farmakologisk behandling av antisosiale lidelser : en litteraturstudie av evidensgrunnlaget for famakologisk behandling av psykopati og assosierte antisosiale personlighetstrekk og atferdsmønster
Romberg, Sara Montes
Bakgrunn: Psykoterapeutiske og atferdsbaserte intervensjoner har vist seg å ha liten effekt ved antisosiale lidelser. Individer med antisosiale lidelser anses derfor som en relativt behandlingsresistent pasientgruppe, hvilket tyder på et behov for utvikling av alternative behandlingstilnærminger. Med bakgrunn i dette søker følgende studie å utforske evidensgrunnlaget for farmakologiske behandling av antisosiale lidelser og trekk. Metode: Litteratursøk i databasene BIBSYS, ProQuest, Web of ...
Fiskeoppdrett og verdsettelse : en analyse av resultatjustering og modeller for identifikasjon av slik aktivitet
Aaker, Harald
Regnskapsinformasjon skal være relevant og pålitelig, men det vil alltid være skjønn forbundet med verdsettelsen.Usaklig skjønn omtales som resultatjustering ("Earnings management") og regnskaps-manipulasjon. Det er store metodeproblemer innen "earnings management" – forskningen, da den aktive tilpasningen i stor grad er skjult. I de senere år har ulike modeller for estimering av unormale tidsavgrensninger ("discretionary accruals") dominert. Problemet er i å estimere de normale tidsavgrensni...
Planretningslinjer for en differensiert forståelse av byggeforbudet i strandsonen erfart av tre kommuner
Alvheim, Maren
I plan- og bygningsloven er det nå delvis videreført og innstrammet et unntak fra byggeforbudet for å ta hensyn til variasjonene mellom landets kystkommuner. Unntaket innebærer at kommunene må fastsette en ny byggegrense gjennom plan for å fravike forbudet mot bygging i strandsonen. Statlige planretningslinjer for differensiert forvaltning av strandsonen langs sjøen (SPR) er iverksatt med mål om å tydeliggjøre kommunenes adgang til å bygge i strandsonen gjennom plan. Oppgaven søker å avklare ...
PAA-PAMPS copolymers as an efficient tool to control CaCO3 scale formation.
Dietzsch, Michael; Barz, Matthias; Schüler, Timo; Klassen, Stefanie; Schreiber, Martin; Susewind, Moritz; Loges, Niklas; Lang, Michael; Hellmann, Nadja; Fritz, Monika; Fischer, Karl; Theato, Patrick; Kühnle, Angelika; Schmidt, Manfred; Zentel, Rudolf; Tremel, Wolfgang
Scale formation, the deposition of certain minerals such as CaCO3, MgCO3, and CaSO4·2H2O in industrial facilities and household devices, leads to reduced efficiency or severe damage. Therefore, incrustation is a major problem in everyday life. In recent years, double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) have been the focus of interest in academia with regard to their antiscaling potential. In this work, we synthesized well-defined blocklike PAA-PAMPS copolymers consisting of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS) units in a one-step reaction by RAFT polymerization. The derived copolymers had dispersities of 1.3 and below. The copolymers have then been investigated in detail regarding their impact on the different stages of the crystallization process of CaCO3. Ca(2+) complexation, the first step of a precipitation process, and polyelectrolyte stability in aqueous solution have been investigated by potentiometric measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). A weak Ca(2+) induced copolymer aggregation without concomitant precipitation was observed. Nucleation, early particle growth, and colloidal stability have been monitored in situ with DLS. The copolymers retard or even completely suppress nucleation, most probably by complexation of solution aggregates. In addition, they stabilize existing CaCO3 particles in the nanometer regime. In situ AFM was used as a tool to verify the coordination of the copolymer to the calcite (104) crystal surface and to estimate its potential as a growth inhibitor in a supersaturated CaCO3 environment. All investigated copolymers instantly stopped further crystal growth. The carboxylate richest copolymer as the most promising antiscaling candidate proved its enormous potential in scale inhibition as well in an industrial-filming test (Fresenius standard method).
AV Rising: Demand, Budgets, and Circulation Are All Up.
Oder, Norman
A survey of 486 public libraries found that audiovisual (AV) budgets have increased 53% in the last five years. Provides data on average size of AV collections; budget break downs; circulation; audiobook, video, and music CD purchases; popular authors and titles in abridged and unabridged audiobooks; and problems with audiobook, video, and music…
Quantification of Tau Load Using [F-18]AV1451 PET
Golla, Sandeep S. V.; Timmers, Tessa; Ossenkoppele, Rik; Groot, Colin; Verfaillie, Sander; Scheltens, Philip; van der Flier, Wiesje M.; Schwarte, Lothar; Mintun, Mark A.; Devous, Michael; Schuit, Robert C.; Windhorst, Albert D.; Lammertsma, Adriaan A.; Boellaard, Ronald; van Berckel, Bart N. M.; Yaqub, Maqsood
The tau tracer [F-18]AV1451, also known as flortaucipir, is a promising ligand for imaging tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most of the previous studies have quantified tau load using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr) derived from a static [F-18]AV1451 scan. SUVr may, however, be
Spontaneous resolution of complete atrioventricular (A-V ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Atrioventricular (A-V) disassociation describes the independent beating of the atria and ventricles of the heart. It is not synonymous with complete heart block in the sense that, A-V disassociation is a general term. Heart block describes specific conduction abnormalities that need specific cardiac intervention. This case report ...
EST Table: AV398539 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV398539 NV021929 11/12/09 GO hit GO:0005622(intracellular)|GO:0008270(zinc ion bin...0769|gb|EEZ97216.1| hypothetical protein TcasGA2_TC011009 [Tribolium castaneum] AV398539 NV02 ...
Comparison of fluorine determination in biological and environmental samples by NAA, PAA and PIXE
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Havránek, Vladimír; Kučera, Jan; Řanda, Zdeněk; Voseček, Václav
Roč. 259, č. 2 (2004), s. 275-282 ISSN 0236-5731 R&D Projects: GA ČR GV202/97/K038; GA ČR GA104/00/1297 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1048901 Keywords : activation-analysis Subject RIV: DN - Health Impact of the Environment Quality Impact factor: 0.457, year: 2004
Cofactor requirement of HpyAV restriction endonuclease.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Siu-Hong Chan
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is the etiologic agent of common gastritis and a risk factor for gastric cancer. It is also one of the richest sources of Type II restriction-modification (R-M systems in microorganisms. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have cloned, expressed and purified a new restriction endonuclease HpyAV from H. pylori strain 26695. We determined the HpyAV DNA recognition sequence and cleavage site as CCTTC 6/5. In addition, we found that HpyAV has a unique metal ion requirement: its cleavage activity is higher with transition metal ions than in Mg(++. The special metal ion requirement of HpyAV can be attributed to the presence of a HNH catalytic site similar to ColE9 nuclease instead of the canonical PD-X-D/EXK catalytic site found in many other REases. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to verify the catalytic residues of HpyAV. Mutation of the conserved metal-binding Asn311 and His320 to alanine eliminated cleavage activity. HpyAV variant H295A displayed approximately 1% of wt activity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Some HNH-type endonucleases have unique metal ion cofactor requirement for optimal activities. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that HpyAV is a member of the HNH nuclease family. The identification of catalytic residues in HpyAV paved the way for further engineering of the metal binding site. A survey of sequenced microbial genomes uncovered 10 putative R-M systems that show high sequence similarity to the HpyAV system, suggesting lateral transfer of a prototypic HpyAV-like R-M system among these microorganisms.
Cofactor requirement of HpyAV restriction endonuclease.
Chan, Siu-Hong; Opitz, Lars; Higgins, Lauren; O'loane, Diana; Xu, Shuang-Yong
Helicobacter pylori is the etiologic agent of common gastritis and a risk factor for gastric cancer. It is also one of the richest sources of Type II restriction-modification (R-M) systems in microorganisms. We have cloned, expressed and purified a new restriction endonuclease HpyAV from H. pylori strain 26695. We determined the HpyAV DNA recognition sequence and cleavage site as CCTTC 6/5. In addition, we found that HpyAV has a unique metal ion requirement: its cleavage activity is higher with transition metal ions than in Mg(++). The special metal ion requirement of HpyAV can be attributed to the presence of a HNH catalytic site similar to ColE9 nuclease instead of the canonical PD-X-D/EXK catalytic site found in many other REases. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to verify the catalytic residues of HpyAV. Mutation of the conserved metal-binding Asn311 and His320 to alanine eliminated cleavage activity. HpyAV variant H295A displayed approximately 1% of wt activity. Some HNH-type endonucleases have unique metal ion cofactor requirement for optimal activities. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that HpyAV is a member of the HNH nuclease family. The identification of catalytic residues in HpyAV paved the way for further engineering of the metal binding site. A survey of sequenced microbial genomes uncovered 10 putative R-M systems that show high sequence similarity to the HpyAV system, suggesting lateral transfer of a prototypic HpyAV-like R-M system among these microorganisms.
The Clp protease system is required for copper ion-dependent turnover of the PAA2/HMA8 copper transporter in chloroplasts.
Tapken, Wiebke; Kim, Jitae; Nishimura, Kenji; van Wijk, Klaas J; Pilon, Marinus
The distribution of essential metal ions over subcellular compartments for use as cofactors requires control of membrane transporters. PAA2/HMA8 is a copper-transporting P1B -type ATPase in the thylakoid membrane, required for the maturation of plastocyanin. When copper is highly available to the plant this transporter is degraded, which implies the action of a protease. In order to identify the proteolytic machinery responsible for PAA2/HMA8 turnover in Arabidopsis, mutant lines defective in five different chloroplast protease systems were analyzed. Plants defective in the chloroplast caseinolytic protease (Clp) system were specifically impaired in PAA2/HMA8 protein turnover on media containing elevated copper concentrations. However, the abundance of a core Clp component was not directly affected by copper. Furthermore, the expression and activity of both cytosolic and chloroplast-localized superoxide dismutases (SODs), which are known to be dependent on copper, were not altered in the clp mutants, indicating that the loss of PAA2/HMA8 turnover in these lines was not caused by a lack of stromal copper. The results suggest that copper excess in the stroma triggers selection of the thylakoid-localized PAA2 transporter for degradation by the Clp protease, but not several other chloroplast proteases, and support a novel role for this proteolytic system in cellular copper homeostasis. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.
En undersökning av Norwegians kriskommunikation under flygstrejken 2015. : En textanalys av Facebookinlägg och pressmeddelanden.
Emma, Mickelsson
Numera lever vi i ett krissamhälle där vi nästan varje dag nås av budskap från olika typer av kriser. När en organisation drabbas av en kris är det viktigt att tänka på vilken kommunikation man använder för att nå ut med sitt budskap. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur en organisation använder sig av olika försvarsstrategier och retoriska appeller i sin kriskommunikation. Organisationen som valdes ut var flygbolaget Norwegian och deras hantering av den 11 dagar långa flygs...
Kopiering av tradisjonskunst som læringsmetode
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mari Rorgemoen
Full Text Available Artikkelen er skriven på bakgrunn av problematikk kring utvikling av ein forskingsbasert didaktikk for tekstilundervisninga på grunnstudiet ved Institutt for folkekultur, Høgskolen i Telemark. Delar av forskingsprosjektet tek difor utgangspunkt i eksisterande undervisningsverksemd ved dette studiet. Spørsmåla som det er søkt å få svar på her, er: Kva dialog og læring er framtredande ved kopiering av ein tradisjonell tekstilgjenstand? og: Korleis har denne arbeidsmåten ein plass i ein forskingsbasert didaktikk? Kopiprosessen skjedde i ein avgrensa oppgåveperiode, utført med to studentgrupper i 2008/2009. Intervju var valt som metode saman med analyse av innhald i oppgåverapportar som var skrivne samtidig med kopiverksemda. I samband med utvikling av ein forskingsbasert didaktikk der kopiverksemd inngår, er drøftingane førte på grunnlag av sosiokulturell og sløydpedagogisk teori, saman med teori i møte med folkekunst. Kopiprosessen er relatert til ein verksemdsmodell for sløydfaget. Resultata er drøfta i høve til mål for oppgåva og gjeldande fagplan. Kopiering som læringsmetode har ein plass i ein forskingsbasert didaktikk når verksemda fører til erkjenning og integrert forståing, ikkje som rekonstruksjon av tradisjonar. Målet for ein forskingsbasert didaktikk er horisontsamansmelting som følgje av hermeneutiske samtaler som gjeld samspel, spatialitet, spelereglar og spelerom i tradisjonen.
Matglede hos barn : effekter av et læringsprogram
Myhrer, Kristine Svartebekk
SAMMENDRAG Bakgrunnen for denne studien var Nasjonalt råd for ernærings nye kostholdsråd for den norske befolkningen. I rådene er det anbefalt å begrense inntaket av rødt kjøtt, bearbeidet kjøtt, salt, sukker og mettet fett for å forebygge kroniske kostrelaterte sykdommer i befolkningen, slik som diabetes og overvekt. For å påvirke barns valg av mat mot et sunnere kosthold er det behov for å forstå faktorer som kan påvirke barnas valg og aksept av matvarer Formålet med masteroppgaven e...
Phase 4 paroxysmal AV block in a patient with scleroderma.
Butschek, Ross; Powell, Brian D; Littmann, Laszlo
A 72-year-old man with limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma was hospitalized for two episodes of witnessed syncope. The baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram was normal but on telemetry there were numerous episodes of paroxysmal AV block with asystolic periods of up to 7.5 s duration. Analysis of the rhythm strips revealed phase 4 intra-His bundle block characterized by critical P-P intervals that triggered the AV block, and a narrow range of junctional escape to subsequent P wave intervals that were required to release the AV block. A dual chamber pacemaker was implanted. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A case of pancreatic AV malformation in an elderly man.
Gupta, Vipin; Kedia, Saurabh; Sonika, Ujjwal; Madhusudhan, Kumble Seetharama; Pal, Sujoy; Garg, Pramod
A 60-year-old man presented with recurrent abdominal pain and weight loss for 6 months. Abdominal imaging showed a large vascular lesion in the head and neck of pancreas suggestive of arteriovenous malformation (AV malformation). Endoscopic ultrasound was done which showed features of AV malformation with no evidence of pancreatic malignancy. Surgery was planned for definitive treatment of malformation. Digital subtraction angiography with angioembolization was done prior to surgery to reduce vascularity of the lesion. He recovered after a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histopathology of the resected specimen confirmed the pancreatic AV malformation. There has been no recurrence at 2 years of follow-up.
Grekisk mytologi i The Lightning Thief av Rick Riordan
Liu, Olivia
Syftet med denna undersökning är att genom en komparativ studie med utgångspunkt i teorier om dialogicitet, hyptertextualitet och transformation, analysera förekomsten av grekisk mytologi i The Lightning Thief (2005) – vilken påverkan dessa har och hur de tar sig uttryck i Riordans roman. De grekiska myterna i The Lightning Thief har jämförts med de som beskrivs i Grekisk Mytologi (1977) av Giovanni Caselli och Michael Gibson, En introduktion till grekisk mytologi (1989) av David Bellingham, ...
Turbulens? - Norske nettavisers omtale av Norwegian 2013. [En kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av VG, DB, Aftenposten, NRK og DNs dekning av Norwegians Dreamliner-kjøp
Knudsen, Anders
Analysen tar for seg omtale av flyselskapet Norwegian i de fem norske nettavisene VG.no, DB.no, Aftenposten.no, NRK.no og DN.no. Prosjektet fokuserer på artiklenes vinkling og hvordan selskapet omtales i forbindelse med Dreamliner-skandalen, med utgangspunkt i dagsordenfunksjonen og teorien om framing. For å belyse dette har jeg tatt utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: Hvordan vinklet og fokuserte norske nettaviser i 2013 på Norwegians kjøp og innføring av nye Dre...
Navy AV-8B Crash Survivable Flight Incident Recorder (CSFIR)
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
...) met at the Naval Air Weapons Development Center, Building P302, China Lake, CA for a Program Review I Technical Interchange Meeting in support of the AV-8B Crash Survivable Flight Incident Recorder System (CSFIR...
Open Source AV solution supporting In Situ Simulation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Krogh, Kristian; Pociunas, Gintas; Dahl, Mads Ronald
the software to meet our expectations for a portable AV system for VAD. The system would make use of "off the shelf" hardware components which are widely available and easily replaced or expanded. The developed AV software and coding is contracted to be available as Copyleft Open Source to ensure low cost...... a stable AV software that has be developed and implemented for an in situ simulation initiative. This version (1.3) is the first on released as Open Source (Copyleft) software (see QR tag). We have found that it is possible to deliver multi-camera video assisted debriefing in a mobile, in situ simulation...... environment using an AV system constructed from "off the shelf" components and Open Source software....
Knihovna Sociologického ústavu AV ČR
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Hesová, Nela
Roč. 7, č. 3 (2017) E-ISSN 1805-2800 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : library Subject RIV: AF - Documentation, Librarianship, Information Studies https://www.lib.cas.cz/casopis-informace/knihovna-sociologickeho-ustavu-av-cr/
Co-existence of COPD and bronchiectasis: a risk factor for a high ratio of main pulmonary artery to aorta diameter (PA:A) from computed tomography in COPD patients.
Dou, Shuang; Zheng, Chunyan; Ji, Xiuli; Wang, Wei; Xie, Mengshuang; Cui, Liwei; Xiao, Wei
Pulmonary vascular disease, especially pulmonary hypertension, is an important complication of COPD. Bronchiectasis is considered not only a comorbidity of COPD, but also a risk factor for vascular diseases. The main pulmonary artery to aorta diameter ratio (PA:A ratio) has been found to be a reliable indicator of pulmonary vascular disease. It is hypothesized that the co-existence of COPD and bronchiectasis may be associated with relative pulmonary artery enlargement (PA:A ratio >1). This retrospective study enrolled COPD patients from 2012 through 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Bhalla score was used to determine the severity of bronchiectasis. Patient characteristics were analyzed in two ways: the high (PA:A >1) and low (PA:A ≤1) ratio groups; and COPD with and without bronchiectasis groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for high PA:A ratios. In this study, 480 COPD patients were included, of whom 168 had radiographic bronchiectasis. Patients with pulmonary artery enlargement presented with poorer nutrition (albumin, 35.6±5.1 vs 38.3±4.9, P PA:A ratios ( P PA:A ratio was significantly closely correlated with a higher Bhalla score (r=0.412, P PA:A ratios in COPD patients (OR =3.707; 95% CI =1.888-7.278; P <0.001). Bronchiectasis in COPD has been demonstrated to be independently associated with relative pulmonary artery enlargement.
Kuidas oled rahul tänavuse "Plektrumi" festivaliga ning robotite ilmumisega meie linnapilti, näitusesaali ja teadvusesse? / Marge Paas ; intervjueerinud R[eet] V[arblane
Paas, Marge, 1976-
Festivali korraldaja Marge Paas kultuurifestivalist "Plektrum 8" teemal "Kas sa armastaksid robotit?". M. Paas tõstab esile näituse "Robotilood" Rotermanni kvartalis ja "Mõttemasina" loengud Von Krahli teatris. 2011. a. festivali "Plektrum" teema on "Elu?", võtmeküsimused bioeetika ja biokunst
EST Table: AV404029 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV404029 pg--0356 11/12/09 n.h 10/09/28 99 %/103 aa ref|YP_003044625.1| hypothetica...n ECD_01416 [Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV404029 pg-- ...
EST Table: AV404052 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV404052 pg--0383 10/09/28 90 %/146 aa ref|YP_002386254.1| Major tail protein V [Es...cherichia coli IAI1] emb|CAQ97657.1| Major tail protein V [Escherichia coli IAI1] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV404143 pg-- ...
EST Table: AV403989 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403989 pg--0306 10/09/28 100 %/137 aa ref|NP_037751.1| Q protein [Enterobacteria ...phage HK97] gb|AAF31144.1| Q protein [Enterobacteria phage HK97] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV404408 pg-- ...
EST Table: AV399390 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV399390 NV120162 11/12/09 n.h 10/09/28 100 %/181 aa ref|YP_002884244.1| Ac13-like ...yhedrovirus] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV399390 NV12 ...
Inactivation and regrowth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by PAA disinfection in the secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant.
Huang, Jing Jing; Xi, Jing Ying; Hu, Hong Ying; Tang, Fang; Pang, Yu Chen
Inactivation and microbial regrowth of penicillin-, ampicillin-, cefalexin-, tetracycline-, chloramphenicol-, and rifampicin-resistant bacteria were studied to explore risks associated with selection and regrowth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria after PAA disinfection. The results showed that after exposure to 20 mg/L PAA for 10 min, inactivation of ampicillin-resistant bacteria reached 2.3-log, which was significantly higher than that of total heterotrophic bacteria with a decrease of 2.0-log. In contrast, inactivation of tetracycline- resistant bacteria was significantly less efficient, reaching only 1.1-log. Chloramphenicol-and tetracycline-resistant bacteria, as well as total heterotrophic bacteria regrew more than 10 fold compared to those in the untreated wastewater sample with 22 h stilling culture after exposure to 2 or 5 mg/L PAA as for 10 min. Selection and potential regrowth of tetracycline-and chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria are potential risks when utilizing PAA disinfection, which may induce the spread of specific antibiotic-resistant bacteria in reclaimed water.
The role of AV and VV optimization for CRT
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
William W. Brabham, M.D.
Full Text Available Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an effective therapy for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a ventricular conduction delay; however, approximately 30% of patients do not experience significant clinical improvement with this treatment. Modern devices allow individualized programming of the AV delay and VV offset, which offer the possibility of improving clinical response rates with optimized programming. AV and VV delay optimization techniques have included echocardiography, device-based algorithms, and several other novel noninvasive techniques. While an acute improvement in hemodynamic function has been clearly demonstrated with optimized device settings, long-term clinical benefit is limited. In the majority of cases, an empiric AV delay with simultaneous biventricular or left ventricular pacing is adequate. The value of optimization of these intervals in "non-responders" still requires further investigation.
Colhendo os frutos : dificuldades e conquistas da modalidade do PAA compra-institucional em uma Universidade Pública
Paula, Natália Ferreira de
Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Islandia Bezerra Coorientadora : Profª Dra. Mônica de Caldas Rosa dos Anjos Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição. Defesa: Curitiba, 27/07/2016 Inclui referências : f. 72-79;81-89 Resumo: O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (PAA) foi criado no Brasil em 2003, a partir de proposições da sociedade civil e adotado como uma estratégia de...
Brachial artery aneurysms following brachio-cephalic AV fistula ligation.
Khalid, Usman; Parkinson, Frances; Mohiuddin, Kamran; Davies, Paula; Woolgar, Justin
Peripheral artery aneurysms proximal to a long-standing arteriovenous (AV) fistula can be a serious complication. It is important to be aware of this and manage it appropriately. Vascular access nurses input all data regarding patients undergoing dialysis access procedures into a securely held database prospectively. This was retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of brachial artery aneurysms over the last 3 years. In Morriston Hospital, around 200 forearm and arm AV fistulas are performed annually for vascular access in renal dialysis patients. Of these, approximately 15 (7.5%) are ligated. Three patients who had developed brachial artery aneurysms following AV fistula ligation were identified. All 3 patients had developed brachial artery aneurysms following ligation of a long-standing brachio-cephalic AV fistula. Two patients presented with pain and a pulsatile mass in the arm, and one presented with pins and needles and discoloration of fingertips. Two were managed with resection of the aneurysm and reconstruction with a reversed long saphenous vein interposition graft, the third simply required ligation of a feeding arterial branch. True aneurysm formation proximal to an AV fistula that has been ligated is a rare complication. There are several reasons for why these aneurysms develop in such patients, the most plausible one being the increase in blood flow and resistance following ligation of the AV fistula. Of note, all the patients in this study were on immunosuppressive therapy following successful renal transplantation. Vigilance by the vascular access team and nephrologists is paramount to identify those patients who may warrant further evaluation and investigation by the vascular surgeon.
Lesing av delvis motstridende tekster i syvende klasse
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wenke Mork Rogne
Full Text Available I denne artikkelen ser vi på hvilken type informasjon elever i 7. klasse vektlegger for å konstruere en sammenhengende oppsummering av fire til dels motstridende tekster. Elever møter ofte flere tekster om samme tema – multiple tekster – og vi trenger økt kunnskap om hvordan de leser slike tekster. Elevene leste fire ulike tekster om en sykkelulykke. Tekstene presenterte informasjon som var delvis sammenfallende på tvers av alle tekstene, og delvis motstridende informasjon som innebar at enkelte tekster ga ulike beskrivelser av hendelsesforløpet. Vi testet elevenes ordavkodingsferdigheter, fikk dem til å fylle ut et spørreskjema om lesevaner og vi innhentet elevenes resultater på Nasjonal leseprøve. Etter lesing ba vi elevene gi en oppsummering av sykkelulykken. Elevene gjenga relativt mer sammenfallende informasjon enn motstridende informasjon. Gode resultater på Nasjonal leseprøve ser ut til å ha en sammenheng med elevenes ferdigheter i å konstruere en sammenhengende forståelse av de fire tekstene. Elever som oppga å lese mye på Internett hadde imidlertid fått med mindre av informasjonen som var felles for de fire tekstene i sine oppsummeringer. Vi fant også en negativ sammenheng mellom fritidslesing på Internett og resultatene fra Nasjonal leseprøve. Samlet sett indikerer resultatene at når elevene skal skape sammenheng mellom flere delvis motstridende tekster, så blir sammenfallende informasjon vektlagt mer enn motstridende informasjon. Dessuten ser det ut til at de elevene som bruker mest fritid til å lese på Internett, sliter mer med å sammenfatte innholdet i de fire tekstene enn de andre elevene.
Högstadieelevers upplevelse av sex- och samlevnadsundervisning : en intervjustudie
Ejder, Alina; Karlsson, Sanna
En god sex- och samlevnadsundervisning i skolan är central för att ha möjlighet att utveckla en god hälsa, vilken dock enligt tidigare forskning har visats vara av bristande kvalitet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka högstadieelevers upplevelse av sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen på deras skola, med fokus på pedagog ledda lektioner. Studiens metod var en kvalitativ intervjustudie, där sex högstadieelever intervjuades individuellt. Resultatet visade att eleverna upplevde att undervisningen...
EST Table: AV404040 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV404040 pg--0370 11/12/09 GO hit GO:0006810(transport)|GO:0006865(amino acid trans...e transport) 10/09/28 83 %/164 aa pdb|3L1L|A Chain A, Structure Of Arg-Bound Escherichia Coli Adic 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV404040 pg-- ...
Revisjon av anleggskontrakter i henhold til god revisjonsskikk
Woxen, Hans Jacob; Feng, Yennie Jie Zhen
Prosjektregnskap må føres når anleggskontrakter foreligger. I de tilfelle disse inneholder vesentlig feilinformasjon, påvirker dette årsregnskapet i tilsvarende grad. Hvordan revisor må revidere for å ivareta kravet til god revisjonsskikk, utgjør problemstillingen som ligger til grunn for denne masteroppgaven. Anleggskontrakter er ifølge IAS 11 kontrakter som er særlig fremforhandlet for tilvirkning av en eiendel eller en kombinasjon av eiendeler. Denne definisjonen utdypes ...
EST Table: AV403981 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available terminase large subunit (DNA packaging protein A) from bacteriophage origin [Escherichia coli UMN026] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV403981 pg-- ... ...AV403981 pg--0297 11/12/09 n.h 10/09/28 100 %/265 aa ref|YP_002411376.1| terminase large subunit (DNA packag...ing protein A) from bacteriophage origin [Escherichia coli UMN026] emb|CAR11828.1|
EST Table: AV398396 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV398396 NV021762 11/12/09 GO hit GO:0005622(intracellular)|GO:0008270(zinc ion bin...ding) 10/09/28 n.h 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 30 %/120 aa AGAP003111-PA Protein|2R:32505726:32508690:1|gene:AGAP003111 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h AV398396 NV02 ...
Etableringen av Tesla Motors på det norske bilmarkedet : en empirisk studie av salgsdrivere og konkurranseeffekter
Asperheim, Hanne Henjum; Vedum, Anders
Denne masterutredningen er en empirisk studie av Tesla Motors' etablering på det norske bilmarkedet. Vi gjennomfører to separate analyser: Først fokuseres det på geografiske salgsforskjeller, deretter på effekten Tesla Motors har hatt på det norske nybilmarkedet. I vår første analyse utvikler vi en modell for å identifisere Teslas salgsdrivere, i form av geografiske og sosioøkonomiske variabler. Resultatene viser at et fylkes inntektsnivå, utdanningsnivå og miljøbevissthet har en positiv s...
EST Table: AV404642 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV404642 prgv0279 10/09/28 81 %/116 aa ref|NP_001091796.1| programmed cell death pr...otein 5-like protein [Bombyx mori] gb|ABJ97180.1| programmed cell death protein 5-like protein [Bombyx mori
The apolipoprotein AV gene and diurnal triglyceridaemia in normolipidaemic subjects
Masana, L; Ribalta, J; Salazar, J; Fernandez-Ballart, J; Joven, J; Cabezas, MC
The newly recognised apolipoprotein (apo) AV gene (APOAV) has been linked to fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations with some polymorphisms associated with elevated fasting TGs. Since fasting plasma TGs are mainly determined by the hepatic production of TGrich particles (very low density
User guide of AVS/ITBL for numerical environmental system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Suzuki, Yoshio; Matsumoto, Nobuko; Yamagishi, Nobuhiro; Arakawa, Takuya; Kuraishi, Hideaki
The Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has carried out the ITBL (Information-Technology Based Laboratory) project which is one of e-Japan priority policy programs. The goal of the ITBL project is to create the vertical research environment in which intellectual resources such as remote computers, programs and data can be shared in Japanese research institutions and cooperative studies among researchers can be supported. AVS/ITBL is the visualization tool which has been developed aiming at realizing the efficient visualization in the ITBL environment. This visualization tool is one of the tools of ITBL infrastructure software and operates in cooperation with AVS/Express. Main functions of AVS/ITBL are as follows: it can directly read data files located on remote computers, it can display and control an image on the web browser, it can collaboratively display an image among remote researchers, and it can perform visualization process as a batch. In this paper, utilization of AVS/ITBL to the numerical environmental system, which is one of the applications in ITBL project, is presented. And the outline of the operation in this utilization is indicated. (author)
Rektorers forståelse av mobbing i skolen
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Helle Rabøl
PÅ opfordring fra redaktionen gives en kommentar med dansk vinkel til den norske artikel 'Rektorers forståelse av mobbning i skolen'.Den omtalte artikel er at betragte som første trin i indførelse af en nordisk mobbeforståelse med undgangspunkt i Dan Olweus begrebsafgrænsning.Der savnes også en i...
Mutagenesis in ORF AV2 affects viral replication in Mungbean ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a whitefly-transmitted begomovirus with a bipartite genome. .... 1996) and in Indian cassava mosaic virus (Rothenstein et al. 2007). The ability of AV2 of another bipartite begomovirus, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus ...... (New York: WH Freeman and Company).
EST Table: AV403752 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403752 pg--0009 10/09/28 100 %/257 aa ref|YP_002411376.1| terminase large subunit (DNA packaging... protein A) from bacteriophage origin [Escherichia coli UMN026] emb|CAR11828.1| terminase large subunit (DNA packaging
EST Table: AV403922 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403922 pg--0214 10/09/28 91 %/142 aa ref|ZP_06118881.2| DNA packaging protein FI ...[Clostridium hathewayi DSM 13479] gb|EFC94454.1| DNA packaging protein FI [Clostridium hathewayi DSM 13479
EST Table: AV404246 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV404246 pg--0747 10/09/28 91 %/130 aa ref|ZP_06118881.2| DNA packaging protein FI ...[Clostridium hathewayi DSM 13479] gb|EFC94454.1| DNA packaging protein FI [Clostridium hathewayi DSM 13479
EST Table: AV399507 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV399507 NV120319 10/09/28 70 %/144 aa ref|YP_803401.1| baculovirus repeated ORF-b [Anticars...ia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus] gb|ABI13791.1| baculovirus repeated ORF-b [Anticarsia gemmatali
The concentration of heavy metals and PAH's in soot water - suggested methods of treatment; Halten av tungmetaller och PAH:er i sotvatten - foerslag paa behandlingsmetoder
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hall, Bjoern (TecNet Nordic AB, Goeteborg (SE))
What we here call 'soot water' is a contaminated water from seasonal cleaning of the furnace and heating sections with water. Earlier, it was common to discharge this type of water directly to a recipient or to the municipal sewage plant. Today, with new, more restricted regulations, this is not accepted unless the concentrations of different substances is well documented and below official limits. The objective of this project has been to increase the knowledge of soot water from different types of combustion plants and suggest ways to handle/treat this water. The project started with a literature survey of soot water in the Swedish, English and German open literature. The next step was to perform analyses on soot water from combustion of waste, wood chips, wood chips/peat, bio oil and heavy fuel oil. It is very difficult to take a representative sample of soot water. It is especially the amount of particles in the water that may change. Since particles contains high levels of heavy metals, this may severely affect the concentrations of metals in the sample, if included in the analysis. Soot water contains very low concentrations of mercury. The concentrations of PAH is also close to or below the detection limit. On the other hand, all soot water analysed, contains enough concentrations of some metal, to make it unsuitable to be discharged directly to a recipient or drain. Four methods of water treatment have been examined for its capacity to treat soot water with regard to their capacity, operational and economical performance. The result is as follows: Chemical precipitation is the method that is judged to have the highest potential as long as the chlorides and sulphates can be discharged to the recipient or municipal waste plant. Reversed osmosis is judged less suitable for soot water since the water contains calcium, sulfates and carbonates that may clog the membranes. Evaporators is also judged to be of less interest for soot water due to its content of chlorides which will lead to expensive materials and due to its content of calcium and sulfates that may give scaling on heat transfer surfaces. Ion exchange resins can be of some interest for waters that are generally clean, but have one metal with to high concentration. In the report, the use of soot water for cooling of slag, moistening of the fuel, reuse as soot water and cleaning in an existing water treatment plant, have also been discussed. This project have generated a lot of new information about soot water and what soot water contains. Information that is important when discussing its effect on the environment as well as looking for ways to treat the water. The project has also shown the importance of correct sampling and analysis of soot water and discussed ways to treat this water. Information that is requested by personnel on combustion plant, authorities and by companies building treatment plants
Maintenance strategies and safety on a deregulated market. Mapping of changes in maintenance strategies and their possible consequences; Underhaallsstrategier och saekerhet paa en avreglerad elmarknad. En kartlaeggning av foeraendrade underhaallsstrategier och dess moejliga konsekvenser
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kecklund, Lena [MTO Psykologi AB, Huddinge (Sweden)
The overall purpose of the project was to make a survey of the changes in the Swedish nuclear power plants over the last five years. There is a risk that nuclear power companies after a deregulation will focus especially on reducing operation and maintenance costs and that the changes could have a negative effect on the reactor safety. The task has involved summarising the actual changes, describing the present situation, the need for future development and the differences between the plants as well as identifying possible reactor safety related risks. The survey has been carried out in a broad perspective, studying the changes in equipment, maintenance strategies and the work situation of the staff. Three case studies were carried out at the Swedish nuclear power plants. Documentation from the companies has been analysed and a selection of in total 27 'informed' employees in different positions have been interviewed in total. The project also included a fourth case study concerning railway traffic. This branch of business is interesting because of its longer experience on a deregulated and competitive market. Conclusions concerning the companies individually as well as similarities and differences between them are presented in this report. Results: There have been more changes both in strategy and organisation in the last five years than during the preceding 5-10-year-period and the pace has been relatively rapid. The deregulation of the electricity market was implemented January 1997 and became the main motive force for the changes. The staffing has been reduced or unchanged and the work demands have increased. The maintenance skills have been redistributed within the organisation. New methods and equipment, i.e. RCM, and programmable systems make increased demands for analytical and theoretical competence. In the short term, job satisfaction and motivation have in some cases been negatively influenced by the new organisation forms, according to several of the interviewed. The results indicate, in accordance with other research results, that rationalisations and changes must be combined with work development and the participation of the employees to be successful. Outsourcing has been used for some activities. All the companies have established a joint maintenance department for their units. The companies have been moving towards lean organization which has increased the work load of the staff. Therefore more planning is required to get a optimal resource allocation, to avoid problems at work peaks. All the plants have abandoned a downright customer-supplier relation for the benefit of one competent maintenance supplier with a comprehensive view. As a result the contractual undertaking of the maintenance department towards the production units is made on a long term basis. The new maintenance strategy is based on status controls for condition based maintenance and on riskbased analysing methods. There are modern computer-based maintenance systems at all the plants. Computer-based instruments are used direct in the production line where they require a competence shift in the staff. Positive effects that appeared in the interviews are better possibilities for experience feed back and methods development, access to a wider and larger competence and a joint working method. The results show that there are already some positive effects and there are more to be expected. But it is also clear that these effects have neither come as easily nor as fast as was expected. Possible negative effects: there is a risk that the staffing might be too scarce, especially in work peaks, e.g. unexpected shutdowns. A high work load and much overtime work mean greater strain on the staff. Problems with job satisfaction and motivation, chiefly after the change to a matrix organisation. Uncertainties as to responsibility and roles in the new organisation. The practical competence might 'disappear' in the present competence shift focusing on analytical, computer based methods. The difficulties of risk based methods are several: they might not correspond with reality, they might not measure what they are intended to measure and it might be that the probabilistic risk assessment approach is allowed to dominate over the deterministic at the expense of a good balance between them. There is also a risk that the methods are not enough developed, that the knowledge of how the results should be interpreted is limited and that this might lead to the wrong conclusions. With tighter priorities there is an increasing risk that the wrong things are left out. The feeling of 'ownership' towards a certain production unit as well as the team feeling might disappear when the employees work on several units. Deficiencies in the maintenance instructions become evident when the staff are transferred. If the work routines have not been thoroughly documented there is a risk that the staff make mistakes or that the measures are forgotten. A number of conditions have been identified that might influenced the reactor safety negatively in the long term if they are not taken care of. Such conditions are an increased pressure on the staff, high work load and too much overtime, uncertainties as to responsibility and roles, lack of job satisfaction and motivation and deficient maintenance instructions. Economic pressure and a high rate of change might also give negative influence. It is, however, important to stress that the results indicate that the changes are not carried out with a one-sided focus on cost reductions but with a focus on both individual and organisational learning and development. Safety culture has also been an important part of the change operations. It seems, though, as if it has been more difficult to balance the economy and safety messages to the staff.
Final disposal Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar. Inflow of ground water and influence on hydrogeologic and hydrologic conditions; Slutfoervar Forsmark, Simpevarp och Laxemar. Inlaeckage av grundvatten samt paaverkan paa hydrogeologiska och hydrologiska foerhaallanden
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Werner, Kent [Golder Associates AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
This report summarizes the description of the natural (uninfluenced) hydrogeological and hydrological conditions at the possible final repository locations Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar. For each site, the description is based on SKB's site descriptions version 1.2. The report provides assessments of the inflow and the effects on the surroundings (groundwater drawdown and the associated area of influence) due to construction, operation, and closing of a repository for spent nuclear fuel at the above locations. The assessment of the effects of the repository on its surroundings is primarily based on calculation results from two numerical flow models, DarcyTools and MOUSESHE (for Simpevarp, only DarcyTools has been used). The basis for the modelling is SKB's site descriptions version 1.2, which will be updated in the form of new versions. Moreover, the models are based on a preliminary layout of the repository at each location. Hence, the flow models will be developed further when the site descriptions are updated. The results may also be affected by changes of the repository layout. The modelling projects have been performed in the same order as they are presented in the report (Forsmark, Simpevarp and Laxemar). Some aspects of the numerical models, and the coupling between them, have been developed and improved during the course of work. Examples on major differences between the models include the technique to simulate grouting in DarcyTools, and the possibility to visualize modelling results from this model, for instance on other types of background maps. The results show a small inflow and a small area of influence for a repository at Forsmark. The upper parts of the repository (c 100 m depth and upwards) give the largest contribution to the inflow and the area of influence. This indicates that the effects on the surroundings from the deep and the near surface parts of the repository can be analysed separately. For a repository at Simpevarp and Laxemar, the results show that also the deep parts of the repository yield an inflow and cause a lowering of the groundwater table. Hence, it is more difficult to decouple the deep and the near surface parts of the repository at these locations. A repository at Simpevarp causes a larger inflow but a smaller area of influence, compared to a repository at Laxemar. This difference is most likely due to that Simpevarp is located by the sea, whereas Laxemar is located further inland. However, there are differences in terms of how grouting is simulated in the DarcyTools modelling of the locations, which makes the comparison difficult. A simple estimate, based on the net recharge (annual mean) at each site shows that the model calculated inflow to a repository at Forsmark corresponds to an area of influence from c 1 km{sup 2} (hydraulic conductivity in the grouted zone K{sub inj} 10{sup -7} m/s) to c 0.3 km{sup 2} (K{sub inj} = 10{sup -9} m/s). For a repository at Simpevarp, the inflow corresponds an area of influence from c 36 km{sup 2} (skin factor = 0.1) to c 1.5 km{sup 2} (skin factor = 0.001); in the Simpevarp modelling, a 'skin factor' was utilized to simulate the grouting. For a repository at Laxemar, a similar comparison provides an area of influence from c 11 km{sup 2} (K{sub inj} = 10{sup -7} m/s) to c 6.5 km{sup 2} (K{sub inj} = 10{sup -9} m/s). Since the modelling results are preliminary, they principally express differences between the locations in terms of their hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics. The results are yet too preliminary to demonstrate the effects of a repository on its surroundings in absolute terms. Examples of uncertainties in the modelling include the representation of the bedrock in the 'bedrock models', providing the basis for the modelling; this particularly applies to the upper parts of the bedrock. Moreover, the interaction between Quaternary deposits and bedrock is identified as an important factor for the groundwater drawdown and its area of influence. There may be less exchange of groundwater between Quaternary deposits and bedrock than assumed in the present models, which would imply that the models overestimate the groundwater drawdown around the repository. The interaction between surface water (lakes, watercourses and the sea) and groundwater is another important factor for the drawdown and its area of influence. The exchange between surface and groundwater may be larger than assumed in the modelling. This, in turn, could imply that the inflow becomes larger, but also that the area of influence becomes smaller than shown by the modelling. This larger exchange would also imply that the effects on lakes and watercourses are larger than shown by the modelling.
Aviation and Climate - An updated list of status of research on the effects of climate emissions from aircraft; Luftfart og klima. En oppdatert oversikt over status for forskning paa klimaeffekter av utslipp fra fly
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lund, Marianne T.; Berntsen, Jan S.; Fuglestvedt, Jan S. [Center for international climate and environmental research, Oslo, (Norway)
Today carries approximately 23,000 flights over 2.2 billion passengers annually. On a global basis air travel accounts for almost 2 to 2.5 percent of the total anthropogenic Co2 emissions. Domestic civil aviation in Norway emitted 1.05 million tonnes of Co2 in 2008, according to reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 2011). Emissions from international aviation from Norwegian airports in 2008 was just under 1.2 million tonnes of Co2 (National Inventory Report, 2010). Aviation is a sector that has been growing: in Norway the emissions from domestic aviation increased by 55 percent from 1990 to 2008, and also globally emissions have increased. There has been an even more powerful increase in traffic, but this increase did not been steady: The development is closely linked to the economy and the reduction is observed in periods of economic downturn. New technology and streamlining flight patterns made aircraft more energy efficient, which has helped to reduce emissions, but it has not been enough to compensate for the strong growth in traffic. If this trend continues, the total emissions from aviation increase further. In addition to Co2 consists emissions from airplanes a variety of other components that affect the climate, either directly or indirectly through chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. This is not unique to aviation, but also apply to other sectors. The impact is complex and complicated, some mechanisms provide a cooling, others warming. Some effects are regional and have a geographic (and per day) variation in radiative forcing. Regional heterogeneous forcing can potentially change temperature and pressure distribution in the atmosphere and hence circulation patterns. The various emissions also have very different lifetimes in the atmosphere and affects the climate of the different time scales. For a number of mechanisms providing climate change are the chemical and meteorological conditions in the atmosphere essential. Changes in those areas or heights planes operates, may thus lead to changes in climate.(eb)
Studies of the drying effect in a moving grate test rig with new types of refractory. Refractory engineering - Stage 2B; Tester av torkeffekten paa roerlig braensleroster med nya murverk i testrigg. Aktiva murverk och braennare - Etapp 2B
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eklund, Anders [AaF-Energi and Miljoe AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
Within this project studies have been carried out how an active choice of refractory and/or addition of support burners can improve the combustion process in solid fuel boilers. The test rig, that was erected in the previous project at Energitekniskt Centrum in Piteaa, was modified with a moving grate and also equipped with a thermo camera for supervision of the drying- and combustion process. The test rig had the following features and equipment: A fuel bin containing wood fuel with a moisture content of 42%; Possible load range between 40 kW up to 160 kW fuel effect; Continuous feeding of the fuel on the grate with a total cycle time of 30 minutes; Zone divided inlets for the primary air to the grate; No secondary combustion air inlets; Exchangeable ceramic roof segments for testing, electrical heated; A support burner either directed towards the fuel bed or towards the ceramic roof; Analysis of CO, O{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} in the exhaust gases; A thermo camera monitoring the grate. Four different types of ceramic brickworks have been tested with different qualities of heat conductivity, emissivity, heating capacity and reflexion of IR-radiation. Aluminium oxide is an extreme good isolating brickwork with low heating conductivity. Silicone carbide (SiC) has high conductivity and emissivity and is also available to a higher price. SiC is also more resistant to chemical reactive gases. A test program has been performed with different loads for the test rig. Same air to fuel ratio has been used for the different refractory material tests. The absolute emissions from the test rig where not optimised since the aim with the test rig was to compare the different ceramics. For example the test rig has no secondary air inlets. A correlation between CO-emission and fuel bed temperature in the drying zone is shown in the report. Andalusite has the lowest CO emission at low load and SiC the lowest emission at higher fuel input. The thermo camera for supervision of the combustion process seems to be an excellent tool. Support burner placed just over the fuel bed (bed burner) has little influence of the temperature of the brickwork. When the burner is closed the temperature decreases relatively fast when new wet fuel is feeded into the rig. Burner close to the brickwork is warming up both the ceramic and the fuel bed. The combination with SiC gives a fast heating up and also large energy storage. When it comes to transient load processes SiC is, at the same time, rapidly cooled down but is also warming up the fuel bed the longest period after stopped fuel feeding. This is, of course, an advantage if, for example, the fuel moisture content changes. Further R and D in the area with deeper understanding of appropriate brickworks for different fuel types are suggested in the rig. The use of thermo camera can also be developed in an interesting way.
Hydrological and hydro-geological effects on wetlands and forest areas from the repository at Forsmark. Results from modelling with MIKE SHE; Hydrologiska och hydrogeologiska effekter paa vaatmarker och skogsomraaden av slutfoervarsanlaeggningen i Forsmark. Resultat fraan modellering med MIKE SHE
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Maartensson, Erik; Gustafsson, Lars-Goeran; Gustafsson, Ann-Marie; Aneljung, Maria; Sabel, Ulrika (DHI Sverige AB, Goeteborg (Sweden))
This report provides background material for investigations and associated impact assessments concerning water operations in terms of withdrawal of groundwater from the final repository for spent nuclear fuel at Forsmark. The report presents detailed modelling results in the form of supplementary sensitivity analyses and detailed hydrological and hydrogeological analyses of specific nature objects in Forsmark. The sensitivity analyses aim to investigate the sensitivity of the modelling results to i) the meteorological conditions, ii) impervious surfaces and iii) the model description of the present SFR (final repository for short-lived radioactive waste). A number of simulation cases aim to study cumulative effects of groundwater withdrawal from an extended SFR. The simulations are evaluated with respect to the groundwater table drawdown and head changes in the bedrock. The report analyses the hydrogeological and hydrological conditions for a number of selected wetland objects and forest objects. The selection of objects aims to cover different types of valuable nature objects at different geographical locations in relation to the influence area of the groundwater table drawdown. The analysis comprises groundwater levels at all nature objects, whereas wetlands with particularly high nature values have been studied in detail with respect to surface water levels, the need for water supply and object-specific water balances. These studies have been performed for different meteorological conditions in the form of a type (2006) and a statistically normal, dry and wet year, respectively, with a return period of 100 years for the dry- and wet years. All simulations for disturbed conditions with a fully open repository are done with a hydraulic conductivity of K{sub inj} = 10-7 or 10-8 m/s in the grouted zone. The results show that time-dependent precipitation and snow melt have large influence on the temporal variations of the depth to the groundwater table for undisturbed conditions. Precipitation and snow melt also have large influence on the drawdown of the groundwater table due to the groundwater withdrawal from the repository. For a normal year, based on precipitation data from the reference normal period 1961-1990, the annual average size of the influence area is 1.15 km2 for a grouting level of K{sub inj} = 10-7 m/s. Compared to the normal year, the size of the influence area is 17% larger during a dry year and 19% smaller during a wet year. The groundwater table drawdown also varies during individual years. For the type year 2006, the size of the influence area is approximately three times larger in November than in May. Implementation of the present SFR underground facility in the modelling tool MOUSE yields a groundwater inflow to SFR of 6.7 L/s, compared to a measured inflow of some 6 L/s. According to model calculations, the groundwater withdrawal from SFR causes groundwater table drawdown in an area with a size of 0.17 km2. The influence area is concentrated to the SFR pier and areas with vertical fracture zones in the rock, located north and northeast of Lake Bolundsfjaerden. The head change in the bedrock at the level 50 m b s l reaches the model boundary in the northeast. An extension of the SFR facility is planned. According to the modelling results, the extension will only yield small additional groundwater table drawdown and head changes in the bedrock. For the wetland objects, even a relatively small drawdown of the groundwater table may cause vegetation changes and ultimately overgrowth. The forests are not as sensitive to a drawdown of the groundwater table. According to the model calculations, the groundwater withdrawal from the repository yields a groundwater table drawdown that exceeds 0.1 m as an annual average for a normal year in one fifth the studied wetland objects and in half of the forest objects. The fraction of objects with a groundwater table drawdown is higher during a dry year and lower during a wet year. The surface-water depth in the studied wetland objects ranges from a few centimetres to half a metre. It is judged that a number of wetland objects may require water supply in order to maintain an undisturbed water level during groundwater withdrawal from the repository. According to the modelling results, the water-supply requirements are largest during spring and autumn. In one of the wetland objects, the water requirement is 3 L/s as an annual average for the type year 2006. Object-specific water balances and particle tracking calculations show that the inflow to the wetland objects mainly takes place through the Quaternary deposits. This is in accordance with the conceptual model, according to which there is a shallow groundwater flow system with many local recharge and discharge areas. The groundwater withdrawal from the repository implies that the water balance is changed for some of the studied wetland objects.
An evaluation of the project 'City cooperation at Soervestlandet - implementing Energy and environment'; Evaluering av prosjektet 'Storbysamarbeid paa Soervestlandet - iverksetting Energi og miljoe
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Farsund, Arild Aurvaag; Holmen, Ann Karin Tennaas
City Cooperation on the South West Coast, 'Implementing Energy and Environment' has been a short-term project that has spanned from June 2010 to December 2011, with a operational phase of the last six months. Objectives and activities were developed in a collaboration between Stavanger, Business Region Bergen and Kristiansand Municipality. The project intended to provide support for and knowledge of an overall renewable energy industry in southwestern Norway. This evaluation is based on a assessment of whether the objectives and activities outlined in the project description is followed up. This is supplemented with assessments of implementation and benefits for the sector. In general, the activities carried out as described in the project proposal.Through surveys and interviews, activities and positive initiative feedback, but also constructive suggestions that can be helpful for learning the regional funding programs. Study and delegation travel, which formed majority of the activity, is seen as a broad measure that can embrace many. The benefit, however, depends on site added to venues that are of interest to the industry. Journeys are important meeting places for establish or maintain contact with regional and international partners. InBesides networking helps such forums to increase knowledge of the sector, either for specific technological and product knowledge or general knowledge about the industry. This means that this type of travel is useful both for the industry, research communities, developers, funding agencies and policy makers to support the industry. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that some interviewees emphasized that the delegation traveling to those who were carried to Boston Amsterdam should be a main focus of the participants related industry.The major barriers to large cities and industry in their efforts to facilitate for developing a strong renewable sector in southwestern Norway emphasized to be The major barriers to large cities and industry in their efforts to facilitate for developing a strong renewable sector in southwestern Norway emphasized to be associated with national energy policy. Industry players and industry developers experiencing a loss of interest in the field, which affects the development prospects in Norway. New discoveries in the North Sea combined with adequate access to renewable energy, making it difficult to succeed in its arguments about the development of offshore wind. It is stated by some politicians that Norway is not dependent of this renewable energy source. As a result of the policy interest is reduced, the basis to obtain national investors limited. In addition, the industry is experiencing one expertise escape in a time where high activity in the oil industry require the same competence renewable sector. The consequence is that suppliers to the international renewable industry must work individually directly to the relevant market. Regional coordination seems to depend on a common political priorities linked to a domestic market where products can be tested and developed. Until this may be in place, ability largely to assist the industry in its internationalization. In this way the project 'Implementing Energy and Environment' helped both to create arenas and opportunities for knowledge and learning for both players in renewable sector and commercial developers in the region. In connection with development opportunities for cooperation in renewable energy industry between Bergen, Stavanger and Kristiansand we will conclude by returning to the 'engine role' which was widely discussed in the City Project Innovation 2010. Experiences from the project 'Implementing Energy and Environment' appears relevant. First, the three cities continue to make important contributions when it comes to giving industry support and incentives to develop networks regionally and internationally. In the context, quality and relevance to the industry particularly important for the further work with the delegation traveling, either in each city or cooperation between the three cities. Second, apply the aid to clarify the political framework for the industry. If one (still) believe that the oil age will not last forever and that the world needs Norwegian technology that can help make renewable sector more efficient, then measures to raise the political awareness of the industry is important. Visibility of potential is probably the action that can have the best opportunity for breakthroughs, and in such a context, the development of a common test facility could be a road ahead of a more political cooperation between the three cities when it comes to renewable energy.(eb)
Gassmaks. Study of requirement for national focus on research for increased value-added industrial process of natural gas. Final report; Gassmaks. Utredning av behov for nasjonal satsing paa forskning for oekt verdiskaping fra naturgass gjennom industriell foredling. Endelig rapport
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Final report concludes the importance of establishing the Research and Development program called 'Gassmaks'. The target of this program is increased value added to the natural gas loop. Strengthened know-how, industrial development and international competition force shall contribute to higher value added to community through industrial refining of natural gas. Gassmaks will by research based foundation exploit Norwegian natural gas resources environmental friendly. Highly prioritised are converting and use of natural gas to plastic raw materials, synthesis gas, synthetical fuel, energy processes, carbon materials, metallurgical processes and nutrients as proteins and fat. (AG). 28 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs
Comparison of SKIFS 2004:1 and Tillsynshandbok PSA against the ASME PRA Standard and European requirements on PSA; Jaemfoerelse av SKIFS 2004:1 och Tillsynshandbok PSA mot ASME PRA Standard och Europeiska krav paa PSA
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hellstroem, Per
Requirements on PSA for risk informed applications are expressed in different international documents. The ASME PRA standard published in spring 2002 is one such document, PSA requirements are also expressed in the European Utility Requirements (EUR) for new reactors. The Swedish PSA requirements are provided in the Swedish regulators (SKI) statutes SKIFS 2004:1. SKI also has a review handbook for PSA activities (SKI report 2003:48). The review handbook is a support during review of the utilities PSA activities and the PSAs themselves. The review handbook expresses SKIs expectations by providing so called important aspects for both the PSA work and the PSAs, A comparison of SKIFS requirements and the important aspects in the Review handbook, on one side, and the requirements on PSA in EUR and ASME on the other side, is presented. The comparison shows a large difference in the level of detail in the different documents, where ASME is most detailed and specific. This is expected since the SKI review handbook not is a 'PSA guide' in the same way as the ASME PRA standard. A direct comparison of the ASME PRA standard requirements with the important aspects in the review handbook cannot answer the question which ASME capacity level that is achieved by a PSA meeting all important aspects. The conclusion is that it is not likely to achieve capacity level 2 and 3, since very few ASME level 3 attributes are explicitly expressed as important aspects, though many are expressed in general terms. The review handbook important aspects that are most similar to the ASME capacity level 1 attributes are initiating events, sequence analysis, and system analysis while less similarity is found for analysis of operator actions data analysis, quantification and containment analysis (level 2). Less similarity is found for capacity level 2 and 3. However, the number of additional ASME attributes on capacity level 2 and 3 are few. There are also important aspects in the review handbook that not are covered by the ASME attributes. These means that insights from the review handbook can further enhance the ASME PRA standard. The compilation of the important aspects in the review handbook, the ASME PRA standard attributes and the European Utility Requirements is presented in a structured way that is judged useful for development of SKI requirements, training and as support during PSA review work. An approach to integrate the ASMEs PRA standard in SKI work is: The review handbook is used as a check list for 'good' PSA work organisation; ASME PRA standard is used as a check list for how the PSA is performed, since this is expressed as being outside the scope of the review handbook. A next step in this kind of work would be to compare an actual recently updated Swedish PSA against the ASME PRA standard requirements.
The Wind Power Handbook. Planning and approval of wind power plants on shore and in coastal areas; Vindkraftshandboken. Planering och proevning av vindkraftverk paa land och i kustnaera vattenomraaden
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
The Wind Power Handbook is designed to make it easier for municipalities and wind energy companies to plan wind power projects. It contains the issues to be considered when planning and review, both the legal bases under essentially Planning and Building Act and the Environmental Code and the environmental assessments. The manual is primarily addressed to the municipalities and various operators. There are many interests to be met at a wind power establishment, which requires knowledge and cooperation of the different actors on the planning and approval process to be effective. Here we have gathered important knowledge base to facilitate the process and to contribute to a balanced decision
Ash addition after whole-tree harvesting on fertile sites in southern Sweden Establishment of two field trials; Askaaterfoering efter skogsbraensleuttag paa boerdig skogsmark i soedra Sverige Anlaeggning av tvaa faeltfoersoek
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Sikstroem, Ulf; Hoegbom, Lars; Jacobson, Staffan; Lundstroem, Hagos; Ring, Eva
In Sweden, the Swedish Forest Agency recommend ash recycling after whole-tree harvest (WTH), i.e. the whole tree above the stump is harvested. If this recommendation is complied, ash recycling will become a quite extensive forestry practice. To gain more knowledge regarding effects of ash on tree growth, storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the upper soil, and soil-water chemistry, two field experiments were established. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Both experiments were installed on quite fertile sites in southern Sweden. On fertile sites (C/N less than 30), ash addition is hypothesized to increase tree growth, reduce the storage of C and N in the upper soil, and increase the concentrations of nitrate in soil water. One experiment (291 Guvarp) was established on a recently harvested clear cut. The sample plots were soil scarified by disc trenching and planted with Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedlings. Seedling height was measured at planting, and, two months later, seedling survival and height growth in 2011 was recorded. The other experiment (290 Bala) was located to a Norway spruce stand that was thinned by WTH. The initial registration and sampling comprised stand data and sampling of the upper soil (FH-layer). In addition, suction cups were installed at 50 cm depth for sampling of soil water. The experiments were designed for long-term monitoring, comprising several decades. For most of the variables registered, data did not show any significant differences among means for the plots representing different treatments. Pre-treatment data for individual plots showed acceptable comparability among plots within the blocks, which is a good starting point for detecting future changes caused by the treatments
Running buses on banana skins - Good examples of the municipalities that make biogas from food waste; Koera buss paa bananskal - Goda exempel fraan kommuner som goer biogas av matavfall
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Franke, Ulrika; Steinwig, Caroline (BioMil AB, Lund (Sweden))
The municipalities are responsible for taking care of food waste from households, commercial kitchens and restaurants. So there is ample supply of waste that municipalities can produce biogas, but the path is not easy. In this report we highlight some good examples of municipalities that have come a long way in terms of collecting food waste for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The idea is that you will be inspired by these examples and perhaps find new ideas and approaches on how more of the food waste could be biogas and biofertilizer in your community
Not used to public transport any longer. A study about transport service based on needs and requirements in Siljansnaes; Man har vant sig av med kollektivtrafik. En studie om transportservice baserad paa behov och vanor i Siljansnaes
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Warsen, Lisa
The goal of the transport policy is that every citizen shall have a transport service on a reasonable level. In sparsely populated areas the public transport service is on a low level and many groups without a private car will have small possibilities to travel to different activities. Siljansnaes, with nearly 2000 citizens, is a small region in the community Leksand in Dalarna where the transport problem have been more tangible. The aim of this project has been to create a transport system more based on the needs and requirements. Also the people who lives in Siljansnaes in their leisure times are a part in the project. They are almost as many as the permanent living ones. The result also has been built on the goal of a higher care of the environment. The transport solution contains; village-bus, car-pooling, changed price system for public transport, but also a partnership between the citizens, the community and the regional transport company (Dalatrafik). The project as a process has the goal that the people in Siljansnaes should take part of the solution and the responsibility for the operation of the system.
Final disposal of high-level nuclear waste in very deep boreholes. An evaluation based on recent research of bedrock conditions at great depths; Slutfoervaring av hoegaktivt kaernavfall i djupa borrhaal. En utvaerdering baserad paa senare aars forskning om berggrunden paa stora djup
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Aahaell, Karl-Inge [Karlstad Univ. (Sweden)
This report evaluates the feasibility of very deep borehole disposal of high-level nuclear waste, e.g., spent nuclear fuel, in the light of recent technological developments and research on the characteristics of bedrock at extreme depths. The evaluation finds that new knowledge in the field of hydrogeology and technical advances in drilling technology have advanced the possibility of using very deep boreholes (3-5 km) for disposal of the Swedish nuclear waste. Decisive factors are (1) that the repository can be located in stable bedrock at a level where the groundwater is isolated from the biosphere, and (2) that the waste can be deposited and the boreholes permanently sealed without causing long-term disturbances in the density-stratification of the groundwater that surrounds the repository. Very deep borehole disposal might offer important advantage compared to the relatively more shallow KBS approach that is presently planned to be used by the Swedish nuclear industry in Sweden, in that it has the potential of being more robust. The reason for this is that very deep borehole disposal appears to permit emplacement of the waste at depths where the entire repository zone would be surrounded by stable, density-stratified groundwater having no contact with the surface, whereas a KBS-3 repository would be surrounded by upwardly mobile groundwater. This hydro-geological difference is a major safety factor, which is particularly apparent in all scenarios that envisage leakage of radioactive substances. Another advantage of a repository at a depth of 3 to 5 km is that it is less vulnerable to impacts from expected events (e.g., changes in groundwater conditions during future ice ages) as well as undesired events (e.g. such as terrorist actions, technical malfunction and major local earthquakes). Decisive for the feasibility of a repository based on the very deep borehole concept is, however, the ability to emplace the waste without failures. In order to achieve this further research and technological development is required.
Addition of ash and PK with or without N on a peatland in southern Sweden. Effects on tree growth and needle element concentrate; Tillfoersel av aska och PK med eller utan N paa en torvmark i soedra Sverige. Effekter paa traedtillvaext och aemneshalter i barr
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sikstroem, Ulf (Forestry Research Inst. of Sweden, Uppsala (Sweden))
In Sweden, about 1.3 million tonnes of ash are produced annually. Out of that amount, 150 000 - 300 000 tonnes have been estimated to originate from forest fuels, i.e. ashes that potentially can be brought back to the forest. Apart from being a compensatory measure after intensive forest harvest (e.g. including tops and branches), the ash may be used to increase the tree growth on peat soils (ash fertilization). On peat soils, tree growth is generally increased after addition of ash or phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers. However, in some cases also nitrogen (N) addition is required. On sparsely stocked mires, fertilization may promote the regeneration as well as increase the growth of the trees. Sufficient drainage and supply of plant-available N are some prerequisites for increasing tree growth by PK-addition. In 1982, Skogforsk established a field experiment (168 Perstorp) located in the province of Scania in a sparsely stocked Pinus Sylvestris (L.) sapling stand on a ditched mire where different nutrient regimes were tested. The experiment had a randomized block design including four blocks and seven treatments. Ash and different dozes of P (raw phosphate) and K (potassium chloride), with or without simultaneous N addition, were included as well as un untreated control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects on tree growth and needle elemental concentrations 26 years after treatment. The addition of similar dozes of P (approx. 40 kg P/ha), as ash (2.5 tonnes/ha) or as PK-fertilizer rendered similar growth responses. The increase in stem-wood growth was in the order of 1,6 - 1,9 m3/ha/yr during the 26-year period. The N-addition had no additional effect. On the control plots, the growth was more or less negligible (approx. 0,04 m3sk/ha/yr). On average, the high dozes of raw-phosphate and potassium chloride (40 kg P/ha and 80 kg K/ha) gave a higher growth increase than the low dozes (20 kg P/ha and 40 kg K/ha), although this effect was not statistically significant. In the low doze plots, the height growth of the main stems (to be left after a cleaning) indicated a shorter effect period. The increased tree growth on an area basis due to the nutrient addition was an effect of both an increase in the number of trees and an increased growth of these trees. The needle N concentrations indicated a sufficient N status of the Pinus sylvestris trees, which was in line with the lacking response on growth after N fertilization. In addition, the P- and K-concentrations in the needles increased significantly in the treatments with ash or PK, where the growth responses were substantial. In conclusion, sufficient drainage combined with addition of ash or PK-fertilizer on this type of mires can result in a pole stage Pinus sylvestris stand. However, the sustainability of the growth is an open question
Final disposal of high-level radioactive waste in deep boreholes. An evaluation based on recent research on the bedrock at great depths; Slutfoervaring av hoegaktivt kaernavfall i djupa borrhaal. En utvaerdering baserad paa senare aars forskning om berggrunden paa stora djup
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aahaell, Karl-Inge [Karlstad Univ. (Sweden)
New knowledge in hydrogeology and boring technology have opened the possibility to use deep boreholes as a repository for the Swedish high-level radioactive wastes. The determining property is that the repository can be housed in the stable bedrock at levels where the ground water has no contact with the biosphere and disposal and sealing can take place without disturbing the ground water stratification outside the disposal area. An advantage compared to a shallow repository of KBS-3 type, that is now being planned in Sweden, is that a borehole repository is likely to be technologically more robust, since the concept 'deep boreholes' seems to admit such a deep disposal that the entire disposal area would be surrounded by stable density-layered ground water, while a KBS-3 repository would be surrounded by moving ground water in contact with level close to the surface. This hydrological difference is of great importance for the safety in scenarios with leaching of radioactive substances. A deep repository is also less vulnerable for effects from natural events such as glaciation and earthquakes as well as from technological mishaps and terrorist actions. A crucial factor is, however, that the radioactive waste can be disposed of, in a secure way, at the intended depth, which will require new research and technology development.
Long-time effects of run-off water from ash recycling to a planted forest. Final report for a partial study in the project 'Forestry measures - effects on carbon-, nutrients and heavy metal flows' financed by the Swedish Energy Agency; Laangtidsverkan paa avrinnande vatten av askaaterfoering till plantskog. Slutrapport foer en delstudie inom det av Energimyndigheten finansierade projektet 'Skogliga aatgaerder - effekter paa kol-, naering och tungmetalIfloeden'
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nilsson, Torbjoern; Eriksson, Hillevi
The chemical composition of runoff from a wood ash fertilized catchment in central Sweden has been studied during eight years after the treatment. The effects of the ash treatment was compared with a 12 year long reference period and a reference catchment close to the ash treated area was earlier (winter 1980/81) whole-tree-harvested to 90 %. At the same time the reference area was stemwood harvested on 60 % of the area. Both areas were planted with spruce and pine. Granulated ash was spread on the whole-tree-harvested area, by helicopter, on two occasions (1 ton per hectare in May 1989 and 2 tonnes per hectare in October 1991). During the first ash application a marked peak in K concentration was observed. The second ash application caused a high peak in K concentration. Short-lived peaks was also observed for pH, electric conductivity, ANC, Mg, Na and Cl. Significant increases of pH, electric conductivity, Ca, K and Cl was observed in runoff water from the ash treated area during the 8-year-period after the last ash spreading. However, during the same period concentrations of NH{sub 4}-N, NO{sub 3}-N and total N have shown a relative decrease in runoff water from the ash treated area, compared to the reference area.
Påliteligheten av selvrapportert alkoholkonsum. Svalbardstudien 1988-89
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Georg Høyer m. fl
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGSvalbard er spesielt godt egnet til å vurdere påliteligheten av selvrapportert alkoholkonsum. På grunn av detlave prisnivået for alkohol er ulovlig import eller hjemmeproduksjon av alkohol ukjent på Svalbard. Dessutener samfunnet lite og oversiktlig, slik at det er praktisk mulig å undersøke hele befolkningen. I den aktuellestudien registrerte vi alt salg av alkohol til fastboende nordmenn på Svalbard i oktober og november 1988. Isamme tidsperiode ble alle nordmenn 18 år eller eldre invitert til å ta del i en helseundersøkelse der det inngikkspørsmål om alkoholbruk. Vi fant at selvrapportert alkoholkonsum utgjorde rundt 40% av salgsvolumet.På grunn av de spesielle forhold når det gjelder alkoholomsetning på Svalbard er det grunn til å anta atestimatet i denne studien er mer pålitelig sammenlignet med tilsvarende studier fra andre områder.Høyer G, Nilssen O, Brenn T, Schirmer H. The reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption.The Svalbard study 1988-89. Nor J Epidemiol 1996; 6 (1: 109-113.ENGLISH SUMMARYThe Norwegian island of Spitzbergen, Svalbard offers a unique setting for validation studies on self-reportedalcohol consumption. No counterfeit production or illegal import exists, thus making a complete registrationof all sources of alcohol possible. In this study we recorded sales from all agencies selling alcohol onSvalbard over a two month period in 1988. During the same period all adults living permanently on Svalbardwere invited to take part in a health screening. As part of the screening a self-administered questionnaire onalcohol consumption was introduced to the participants. We found that the self-reported volume accounted forapproximately 40 percent of the sales volume. Because of the unique situation applying to Svalbard, theestimate made in this study is believed to be more reliable compared to other studies using sales volume tovalidate self-reports.
Improving thermal stability and efficacy of BCNU in treating glioma cells using PAA-functionalized graphene oxide
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lu YJ
Full Text Available Yu-Jen Lu1,2,#, Hung-Wei Yang1,#, Sheng-Che Hung3, Chiung-Yin Huang2, Shin-Ming Li4, Chen-Chi M Ma4, Pin-Yuan Chen2, Hong-Chieh Tsai2, Kuo-Chen Wei2, Jyh-Ping Chen1 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan#These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, a commercial chemotherapeutic drug for treating malignant brain tumors, has poor thermal stability and a short half-life. Immobilization of BCNU on a nanocarrier might increase the thermal stability of BCNU and extend its half-life.Methods: Nanosized graphene oxide (GO could be modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA to improve the aqueous solubility and increase the cell penetration efficacy of the nanocarrier. PAA–GO intended as a drug carrier for BCNU was prepared and characterized in this study. The size and thickness of PAA–GO was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the presence of PAA functional groups was confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. BCNU was conjugated to PAA–GO by covalent binding for specific killing of cancer cells, which could also enhance the thermal stability of the drug.Results: Single layer PAA–GO (about 1.9 nm with a lateral width as small as 36 nm was successfully prepared. The optimum drug immobilization condition was by reacting 0.5 mg PAA–GO with 0.4 mg BCNU, and the drug-loading capacity and residual drug activity were 198 µg BCNU/mg PAA–GO and 70%, respectively. This nanocarrier significantly prolonged the half-life of bound BCNU from 19 to 43 hours compared with free drug and showed efficient intracellular
Validation of a Real-time AVS Encoder on FPGA
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Qun Fang Yuan
Full Text Available A whole I frame AVS real-time video encoder is designed and implemented on FPGA platform in this paper. The system uses the structure of the flow calculation, coupled with a dual-port RAM memory between/among the various functional modules. Reusable design and pipeline design are used to optimize various encoding module and to ensure the efficient operation of the pipeline. Through the simulation of ISE software and the verification of Xilinx Vritex-4 pro platform, it can be seen that the highest working frequency can be up to 110 MHz, meeting the requirements of the whole I frame real- time encoding of AVS in CIF resolution.
Wirevagn : Utvecklingen av en utrullare för hisslinor
Rehnsfeldt, Patrik
Kandidatexamensarbetet som utgick från en förfrågan från företaget Irongrip AB hade som mål att utveckla ett produktförslag på en utlindare av stålvajer för hissmontörer. Irongrip AB som tillverkar och säljer verktyg för hantering av stålvajer hade uppmärksammat att en efterfrågan på en sådan produkt fanns på marknaden då befintliga lösningar var bristfälliga och inte hade alla de funktioner som är önskvärda hos en sådan produkt.Arbetet inleddes med en förstudie där studiebesök vid lindragnin...
EST Table: AV402406 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV402406 heS00974 10/09/28 59 %/223 aa ref|XP_001656104.1| dipeptidyl peptidase iii...174102|DmojGI24885-PA 10/08/27 40 %/219 aa F02E9.9b#CE41217#WBGene00008532#status...ref|XP_972969.2| PREDICTED: similar to dipeptidyl peptidase iii [Tribolium castaneum] FS761400 heS0 ...
Beregning av lokk, håndberegningsmetoder versus FEM
Bruder, Ørjan Myklestad
Ved dimensjonering av lokk benyttes vanligvis elementmetoden (FEM) til å fastlegge spenning og deformasjon i konstruksjonen. Det finnes flere håndberegningsmetoder for å verifisere FEM-resultatene, men det er lite tilgjengelig litteratur om temaet, og lite er gjort for å sammenligne metodene. IMT ved NMBU ønsker å styrke fagkunnskapen innenfor dette temaet og har derfor initiert denne mastergradsoppgaven. Målsettingen med denne oppgaven har vært å sammenligne ulike håndberegningsformler for ...
EST Table: AV403457 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403457 msgV0503 10/09/28 90 %/177 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403247 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403247 msgV0234 10/09/28 91 %/189 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403467 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403467 msgV0519 10/09/28 85 %/159 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403356 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403356 msgV0366 10/09/28 66 %/121 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h BB985569 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403304 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403304 msgV0310 10/09/28 85 %/165 aa ref|NP_001166287.1| sericin 2 isoform 1 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADA84147.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403504 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403504 msgV0623 10/09/28 98 %/114 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403487 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403487 msgV0602 10/09/28 95 %/130 aa ref|NP_001166287.1| sericin 2 isoform 1 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADA84147.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403164 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403164 msgV0119 10/09/28 84 %/120 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403698 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403698 msgV0982 10/09/28 85 %/164 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403268 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403268 msgV0258 10/09/28 62 %/158 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403374 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403374 msgV0392 10/09/28 86 %/135 aa ref|NP_001166287.1| sericin 2 isoform 1 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADA84147.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403444 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403444 msgV0485 10/09/28 80 %/156 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403508 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403508 msgV0629 10/09/28 79 %/122 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h NM_001172817 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403123 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403123 msgV0067 10/09/28 65 %/125 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h BB985569 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403443 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403443 msgV0483 10/09/28 62 %/162 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h BB985569 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403596 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403596 msgV0735 10/09/28 60 %/200 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h BB985569 msgV ...
EST Table: AV403709 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV403709 msgV0994 10/09/28 61 %/173 aa ref|NP_001166288.1| sericin 2 isoform 2 prec...ursor [Bombyx mori] gb|ADB04958.1| sericin 2 precursor [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 n.h 10/08/27 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h 10/09/10 n.h BB985569 msgV ...
Bruk av studenter som medforskere- et pilotprosjekt i barnevernsfeltet
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Kjersti Ørvig
Full Text Available Denne artikkelen retter fokus mot studenters læring i praksis. Gjennom beskrivelsen av et pilotprosjekt i barnevernet, ønsker vi å synliggjøre hvordan bruken av studenter som medforskere kan bidra til økt kunnskapsutbytte samt en større forståelse av samspillet mellom teori og praksis. Samtidig har feltet sosialt arbeid behov for en modernisering. Denne artikkelen søker å vise at bruk av studenter som medforskere kan bidra til den nevnte modernisering. To spørsmål reises i artikkelen: Hvordan håndterer lærere og studenter utfordringer i forskningsprosessen i prosjekter hvor studenter deltar som medforskere? På hvilken måte kan praksisnær forskning bidra til å kaste lys over studentens læring? Abstract Students as research assistants – a pilot project in child welfare services.This article concerns students' learning outcomes. Through a description of a pilot project in child welfare services, the aim is to demonstrate how the use of students as research assistants can contribute to increased knowledge outcomes and provide a better understanding of the interaction between theory and practice. At the same time, the field of social work needs a modernization. The article argues that the use of students as research assistants can contribute to the aforementioned modernization. Two issues are raised in the article: How to deal with teachers' and students' challenges in the research process in projects where students participate as research assistants? In what way can survivor research shed light on students' learning outcomes?
The Influence of Lyophilized EmuGel Silica Microspheres on the Physicomechanical Properties, In Vitro Bioactivity and Biodegradation of a Novel Ciprofloxacin-Loaded PCL/PAA Scaffold
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Mostafa Mabrouk
Full Text Available A new composite poly(caprolactone (PCL and poly(acrylic acid (PAA (PCL:PAA 1:5 scaffold was synthesized via dispersion of PCL particles into a PAA network. Silica microspheres (Si (2–12 μm were then prepared by a lyophilized micro-emulsion/sol-gel (Emugel system using varying weight ratios. The model drug ciprofloxacin (CFX was used for in situ incorporation into the scaffold. The physicochemical and thermal integrity, morphology and porosity of the system was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD, Attenuated Total Refelctance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC, SEM, surface area analysis and liquid displacement, respectively. The mechanical properties of the scaffold were measured by textural analysis and in vitro bioactivity, biodegradation and pH variations were evaluated by XRD, FTIR and SEM after immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF. The in vitro and in vivo studies of the prepared scaffold were considered as future aspects for this study. CFX release was determined in phosphate buffer saline (PBS (pH 7.4; 37 °C. The incorporation of the Si microspheres and CFX into the scaffold was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, DSC and SEM, and the scaffold microstructure was dependent on the concentration of Si microspheres and the presence of CFX. The system displayed enhanced mechanical properties (4.5–14.73 MPa, in vitro bioactivity, biodegradation and controlled CFX release. Therefore, the PCL/PAA scaffolds loaded with Si microspheres and CFX with a porosity of up to 87% may be promising for bone tissue engineering.
Inkludering av ungdom med minoritetsbakgrunn i NIF-organisert idrett
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Mari Kristin Sisjord
Full Text Available Norges Idrettsforbund og Olympiske og Paralympiske Komité (NIF har en uttalt målsetting om en åpen og inkluderende idrett. Hvordan kommer dette til uttrykk i den praktiske virksomheten? Denne artikkelen, som bygger på data fra en undersøkelse om likestilling og mangfold i den organiserte idretten (NIF, retter søkelyset mot arbeid med inklusjon av ungdom med minoritetsbakgrunn på ulike organisasjonsnivå i NIF: særforbund, idrettskretser og idrettslag. Datamaterialet er kvalitative intervju med representanter fra ulike organisasjonsnivå. Resultatene viser at NIFs overordnede politikk i varierende grad nedfelles i særforbundenes virksomhet, i idrettskretsene og i idrettslagene. Av særforbundene skiller Fotballforbundet og Klatreforbundet seg ut som aktive pådrivere i arbeidet med inkludering. Mange idrettslag oppfattet slike spørsmål som lite aktuelle i sitt rekrutteringsområde. Representanter for lag som hadde erfaring med inkludering og rekruttering av minoritetsungdom, tilkjennega varierte erfaringer og synspunkter.
Torsional changes in surgery for A-V phenomena.
Sharma, P; Halder, M; Prakash, P
The role of torsion in the aetiopathogenesis of A-V phenomena has not been sufficiently emphasized. The success of vertical displacement of horizontal recti in correction of A or V has not been attributed to torsional changes. To evaluate this aspect, 21 cases of A or V phenomena were subjected to monocular recession-resection procedure with vertical shifting. Preoperative and postoperative torsional changes were evaluated on synoptophore (subjective torsion), and confirmed by fundus photography (objective torsion). Intorsion with A phenomenon was seen preoperatively in 5 of 8 cases which increased after surgery and was seen postoperatively in the other 3 cases also. Extorsion was observed in 5 of 13 cases pre operatively in 'V' phenomenon, but the changes in extorsion after surgery were less dramatic than those in intorsion. The oblique overactions were reduced in cases where they were present. Correction of A-V phenomena by torsion induced by vertical shifting of horizontal recti muscles is proposed, highlighting the role of torsion in A-V phenomena.
Torsional changes in surgery for A-V phenomena
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Sharma Pradeep
Full Text Available The role of torsion in the aetiopathogenesis of A-V phenomena has not been sufficiently emphasized. The success of vertical displacement of horizontal recti in correction of A or V has not been attributed to torsional changes. To evaluate this aspect, 21 cases of A or V phenomena were subjected to monocular recession-resection procedure with vertical shifting. Preoperative and postoperative torsional changes were evaluated on synoptophore (subjective torsion, and confirmed by fundus photography (objective torsion. Intorsion with A phenomenon was seen preoperatively in 5 of 8 cases which increased after surgery and was seen postoperatively in the other 3 cases also. Extorsion was observed in 5 of 13 cases pre operatively in ′V′ phenomenon, but the changes in extorsion after surgery were less dramatic than those in intorsion. The oblique overactions were reduced in cases where they were present. Correction of A-V phenomena by torsion induced by vertical shifting of horizontal recti muscles is proposed, highlighting the role of torsion in A-V phenomena.
RF beam transmission of x-band PAA system utilizing large-area, polymer-based true-time-delay module developed using imprinting and inkjet printing
Pan, Zeyu; Subbaraman, Harish; Zhang, Cheng; Li, Qiaochu; Xu, Xiaochuan; Chen, Xiangning; Zhang, Xingyu; Zou, Yi; Panday, Ashwin; Guo, L. Jay; Chen, Ray T.
Phased-array antenna (PAA) technology plays a significant role in modern day radar and communication networks. Truetime- delay (TTD) enabled beam steering networks provide several advantages over their electronic counterparts, including squint-free beam steering, low RF loss, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and large bandwidth control of PAAs. Chip-scale and integrated TTD modules promise a miniaturized, light-weight system; however, the modules are still rigid and they require complex packaging solutions. Moreover, the total achievable time delay is still restricted by the wafer size. In this work, we propose a light-weight and large-area, true-time-delay beamforming network that can be fabricated on light-weight and flexible/rigid surfaces utilizing low-cost "printing" techniques. In order to prove the feasibility of the approach, a 2-bit thermo-optic polymer TTD network is developed using a combination of imprinting and ink-jet printing. RF beam steering of a 1×4 X-band PAA up to 60° is demonstrated. The development of such active components on large area, light-weight, and low-cost substrates promises significant improvement in size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements over the state-of-the-art.
Har forhold under svangerskapet betydning for utviklingen av otitis media?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kari J. Kværner
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGMed utgangspunkt i data fra et populasjonsbasert utvalg av 7 992 norske tvillinger ble sammenhengenmellom gjentatte ørebetennelser og forhold under svangerskapet studert. Som parametre på intrauterinevekstforhold ble informasjon om fødselsvekt og gestasjonsalder fra Medisinsk Fødselsregister benyttet.Informasjon om rapporterte øreinfeksjoner ble basert på spørreskjemaer som ble besvart av tvillingene ialderen 18–25 år. Først studerte vi individuelle effekter av fødselsvekt og gestasjonsalder på forekomsten avotitis media (OM. Rapportert fødselsvekt hos individer med OM var signifikant lavere enn hos kontrollene,med en gjennomsnittsforskjell på 86 gram. Hos de som rapporterte OM var gjennomsnittlig gestasjonsalder3 dager kortere enn i kontrollmaterialet. Deretter beregnet vi effekten av fødselsvekt ved bruk av co-twinkontroll metoden. Blant monozygote (MZ tvillingpar gjenspeiler fødselsvektforskjeller innenfor tvillingparetintra-uterine miljøforskjeller. Blant dizygote (DZ par kan vektforskjellen være både genetiske ogmiljøbetinget. Ved sammenligning av fødselsvektforskjeller innenfor tvillingparene er tvillingen som ikkehar gjentatte øreinfeksjoner en matchet kontroll blant OM diskordante par. Resultatene antyder at lavfødselsvekt er en risikofaktor for otitis media. Gjennomsnittlig vektforskjell blant par diskordante for OMvar 48 gram, og den av tvillingen som ikke rapporterte OM hadde signifikant høyere fødselsvekt.Kværner KJ, Tambs K, Harris J, Magnus P. Do pregnancy-related factors influence the development ofotitis media? Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (1: 55-58. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe association between intrauterine growth, as measured by weight and gestational age, and the occurrenceof recurrent ear infections was studied using data from a population based sample of 7992 Norwegian twins.Perinatal measures were collected from the Medical Birth Registry, and reports of recurrent ear infectionswere based on
The Closing Digital Divide: Delivery Modality and Family Attendance in the Pathways for African American Success (PAAS) Program.
Murry, Velma McBride; Berkel, Cady; Liu, Na
Although family-focused, evidence-based programs (EBPs) have the potential to reduce disparities in health and behavioral outcomes for youth, access to such programs is severely limited in the most affected areas, including African American communities in the rural South. As expanding the reach of EBPs is the primary goal of translational research, interest is growing in the potential of technology as a viable platform to disseminate services to areas with limited resources. To test whether African American families in the rural South would be willing to engage in a technology-based family-focused EBP to prevent adolescent risk behavior, we examined attendance using data from two arms of a three-arm community-based trial of the Pathways for African American Success (PAAS) program. In the overall study, sixth graders (N = 412) and their primary caregivers were randomly assigned to the following conditions: (a) in-person, small group sessions led by facilitators; (b) self-directed, technology-based sessions; or (c) a literature control with home-mailed educational materials. Results indicated that attendance was higher in the technology condition than in the small group condition. Parental age, education, and socioeconomic status did not limit attendance in the technology condition. We conclude from these results that the use of technology can be an acceptable strategy for disseminating parenting EBPs to African American families in the rural South.
Tristrams saga ok Isöndar og Tristan und Isold - En lesning av to versjoner av Tristan-legenden
Jensen, Kristian Arnstein
Abstrakt (norsk) / Abstract (Norwegian) Oppgaven omhandler den norrøne og middelaldertyske versjonen av legenden om Tristan og Isolde. Kjærlighetsmotivet sammenliknes og fortellingen sammenliknes med et eventyr. Vladimir Propps og A. J. Greimas teorier om litteraturteori i forhold til fortellingen taes i bruk. Abstract (engelsk) / Abstract (English) The assignment is about the old norse and medieval german version of the legend of Tristan and Isolde. The love motive is compa...
Å LESE MEDIETEKSTER PÅ IPADEN. Observasjoner av en medievant fireårings bruk av iPad i hjemmet
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Henriette Jæger
Full Text Available Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i tre observasjoner av en gutt på fire år som bruker iPad på fritiden. Den søker å synliggjøre de strategiene dette barnet velger for å skaffe seg tilgang til ulike medietekster, hvordan han leser og tolker dem, og den undersøker eventuelle spor av kritisk refleksjon hos barnet over disse tekstene. Teoretisk sett hviler den på en forståelse av mediekompetanse som en parallell prosess til utvikling av lese- og skrivekyndighet (literacy, og medieopplevelsene omtales som viktige møter med tekst. Artikkelen undersøker hvordan å lese medietekster kan legge et grunnlag for å utvikle en utvidet tekstkompetanse eller mediekompetanse. Konklusjonen legger vekt på motivasjon og lekenhet som barns primære inngang til medietekstene og som et grunnlag for å utvikle mediekompetanse (media literacy. The article is based on three observations of a four-year-old boy who uses the iPad in his spare time. It demonstrates the strategies that this boy applies to gain access to various media texts, and how he reads and interprets them. It also seeks to examine traces of critical reflection that he may demonstrate in relation to these texts. Theoretically, it rests on an understanding of media literacy as a parallel process to the development of literacy, and it seeks to demonstrate how reading media texts can create an important starting point for the development of media literacy. The Kindergarten practitioner's role and opportunities to develop children's media literacy within a kindergarten context is a focus towards the end of the article. In conclusion, I argue that motivation and playfulness are important approaches to media texts and create an important foundation for the development of media literacy
Toroidal cores of Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA nanocomposites with potential applications in antennas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alcalá, Olgi [Laboratorio de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro de Física, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas, 1020-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Briceño, Sarah [Laboratorio de Materiales, Centro de Ingenieria de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas, 1020-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Brämer-Escamilla, Werner [Laboratorio de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro de Física, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas, 1020-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Silva, Pedro, E-mail: email@example.com [Laboratorio de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro de Física, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas, 1020-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)
In this work, we study the electrical response of toroidal coils with cores of mixed ferrites magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in a polyacrylamide matrix (Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The MNPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition of molecular precursors and Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA toroidal cores were constructed by using the method of copolymerization of MNPs with acrylamide and bis-acrylamide. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of MNPs correspond to the cubic spinel phase. The MNPs average size obtained by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) ranges from 6 to 12 nm. In order to compare our results we measure the characteristics of a commercial toroidal coil and we found that the impedance curves show a resonance peak for each configuration (commercial and Laboratory-made coils) around 75 MHz; the signal intensity of the Laboratory-made coil increases by one order of magnitude with respect to the commercial coil. We found that both, magnetic and electrical measurements, are related to the manganese concentration. The advantage of the designed Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA toroidal coils system lies in the fact that versatile combinations of Mn{sup 2+} and Co{sup 2+} components can bring facile tuning of the electrical and magnetic properties to optimize the impedance of the coils. - Highlights: • We prepare Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (MNPs) using a thermal decomposition method. • Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA nanocomposite were prepared embedding the MNPs in a Polyacrylamide matrix. • Toroidal coils with cores of the Mn{sub x}Co{sub 1−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/PAA nanocomposite were prepared. • We Compare Impedance measurements in our cores with that of a commercial core T50. • The intensity peak around 75 MHz was one order of magnitude greater in our cores.
Hvilken rolle spiller hybrid shopping i kundereisen ved kjøp av kosmetikk?
Varem, Andrea; Nervik, Lene
Temaet for denne bacheloroppgaven er hybrid shopping i kundereisen ved kjøp av kosmetikk. Etter en omfattende gjennomgang av eksisterende teori rundt kundereisen fikk vi et inntrykk av at det er et gap i forskningen knyttet til kundereisen ved kjøp av kosmetikk, på tross av størrelsen på dette markedet. Det vi fant av teori på feltet var i stor grad basert på kvantitative undersøkelser, og vi ønsker derfor å belyse kundereisen i denne konteksten gjennom et kvalitativt forskningsdesign. Med ut...
Rettferdige minutter: Fordeling av spilletid i fotballkamper for aldersbestemte klasser
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Trine Anker
Full Text Available På et fotballag i overgangen mellom barne- og ungdomsfotballen er spilletid på fotballbanen under kamp både en knapp ressurs og en kilde til diskusjoner om fordeling. Spørsmålet som er utgangspunkt for denne artikkelen, er hvilke hensyn som bør tas når trener og lagleder skal fordele samlet spilletid på enkeltspillere. Er det viktigst å vinne fotballkampen, eller har det størst betydning å fordele spilletiden mest mulig likt mellom spillerne? Skal det tas hensyn til guttenes evner, motivasjon og preferanser? Er deres familiebakgrunn og personlighet av betydning? Diskusjonen baserer seg på en gjennomgang av ulike politiske rettferdighetsteorier for fordeling av knappe goder.Nøkkelord: rettferdighet, practice, fordelingsrettferdighet, diskursetikk, idrettsetikkEnglish summary: Minutes of justice: Distribution of time during football matches in a boys' teamDuring a football match, time for playing can be considered as a limited good. In this article the point of departure is the redistribution of time in a boys' football team in the transition phase between children and youth football. The questions are how and under which conditions time for playing should be distributed among the players. Is winning the game more important than trying to let every player play for an equal amount of time? Should the boys' talents, motivation, and preferences be considered while distributing time, or are family background and personality of importance? Different theories of political justice for the distribution of limited goods underpin the discussion of how to distribute the minutes of playing time during a football match.http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v4i1.1737
Artificial vision support system (AVS(2)) for improved prosthetic vision.
Fink, Wolfgang; Tarbell, Mark A
State-of-the-art and upcoming camera-driven, implanted artificial vision systems provide only tens to hundreds of electrodes, affording only limited visual perception for blind subjects. Therefore, real time image processing is crucial to enhance and optimize this limited perception. Since tens or hundreds of pixels/electrodes allow only for a very crude approximation of the typically megapixel optical resolution of the external camera image feed, the preservation and enhancement of contrast differences and transitions, such as edges, are especially important compared to picture details such as object texture. An Artificial Vision Support System (AVS(2)) is devised that displays the captured video stream in a pixelation conforming to the dimension of the epi-retinal implant electrode array. AVS(2), using efficient image processing modules, modifies the captured video stream in real time, enhancing 'present but hidden' objects to overcome inadequacies or extremes in the camera imagery. As a result, visual prosthesis carriers may now be able to discern such objects in their 'field-of-view', thus enabling mobility in environments that would otherwise be too hazardous to navigate. The image processing modules can be engaged repeatedly in a user-defined order, which is a unique capability. AVS(2) is directly applicable to any artificial vision system that is based on an imaging modality (video, infrared, sound, ultrasound, microwave, radar, etc.) as the first step in the stimulation/processing cascade, such as: retinal implants (i.e. epi-retinal, sub-retinal, suprachoroidal), optic nerve implants, cortical implants, electric tongue stimulators, or tactile stimulators.
Implementering av HMS-system ved Frank Mohn Fusa AS
Jørgensen, Hilde
Det stilles stadig strengere HMS- og kvalitetskrav til virksomheter. Frank Mohn Fusa AS må overholde krav fra myndigheter, interne krav, kundekrav og krav i henhold til bedriftens ISO 9001:2000 sertifisering. Bedriften hadde et HMS- og kvalitetssystem, som ved hjelp av en operasjonsmanual og en kvalitetshåndbok dokumenterte de fleste krav, men bedriften behøvde et mer effektivt, kostnadsbesparende og moderne system! Det ble utført Compliance-målinger opp mot ISO 9001:2000 og In...
Posthumanisme /nymaterialisme og nomadisme - affektive brytninger av barnehagens observasjonspraksiser
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ann Merete Otterstad
Full Text Available This article challenges observation as a method in early childhood, justified as a mapping tool for creating knowledge about children. Observation as data material is about writing down already known categorisation about children and their development. Categories and categorisation make a foundation for correspondence and coherence - connections that might create generalising knowledge about children in early years. The article is about a research project conducted in a child-centre over a two-year period. We had an on-going conversation with the personnel around theories about 'child development'. In the article we experiment with observation based on posthuman/newmaterial theories. Our specific interests are to explore the complexities around observation by asking; why observations, what do we expect through observation, and what might observation as datamaterial be/become? We are inspired by the Norwegian film "Kitchen Stories" (Salmer fra Kjøkkenet, Hamer, 2003 both as affect/provocation and desire (Koro-Ljungberg & MacLure, 2013. We search for affective bending and messiness (Lather, 2007; Law, 2004 to disturb and challenge observation as dominating paradigm in the field of early years, to break some patterns around the positioning of data material. Artikkelen utfordrer observasjon i barnehagen ut fra at metoden brukes som verktøy for å kartlegge og danne grunnlaget for utvikling av kunnskap om barn. Observasjon som datamateriale innebærer iakttagelser og nedtegnelser av allerede gitte kategoriseringer om barn og barns utvikling. Kategorier og kategorisering legger grunnlag for mønster som har i seg ideer om korrespondanse og koherens – sammenhenger som kan bidra til generaliserende kunnskap om barna i barnehagen. Omrisset av artikkelen dreies rundt et forskningsarbeid gjort i en barnehage over en toårs-periode, der vi sammen med de ansatte diskuterer teorier om barn og barns 'utvikling'. Vi bruker posthumane
EST Table: AV404130 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available n (Reed-Steinberg cell-expressed intermediate filament-associated protein) [Tribolium castaneum] 10/08/28 53...78 aa gnl|Amel|GB30360-PB 10/09/10 54 %/199 aa gi|189241063|ref|XP_967018.2| PREDICTED: similar to restin (Reed-Steinberg cell-expres...sed intermediate filament-associated protein) [Tribolium castaneum] FS906662 pg-- ... ...AV404130 pg--0509 10/09/28 54 %/199 aa ref|XP_967018.2| PREDICTED: similar to resti
Tillämpning av IAS 40 i onoterade fastighetsbolag
Wallin, Fredrik; Nilsson, Karolina; Ericsson, Marina
Enligt IAS 40 – Förvaltningsfastigheter, definieras förvaltningsfastigheter som "mark eller byggnader eller del av byggnad som innehas i syfte att generera hyresinkomster eller värdestegring". Onoterade fastighetsbolag i Sverige har idag möjlighet att välja mellan att värdera sina fastigheter till anskaffningsvärde eller verkligt värde. IAS – International Accounting Standards är en internationell redovisningsstandard inom EU som började tillämpas i januari 2001, men blev obligatorisk för bör...
Uranienborg skole : forbedring av skolens uterom i den tette byen
Thorstensen, Helene
Denne oppgaven fokuserer på skolegårdsforbedring i indre by, og tar for seg Uranienborg skole som et eksempel. Gjennom oppgaven er det jobbet fra et overordnet nivå og ned til et utformingsforslag på et mer detaljert nivå. Det er lagt vekt på hvordan man best mulig kan tilrettelegge når utearealet skolen har rådighet over er begrenset, noe som i dag er en svært aktuell problemstilling i tette byer. Oppgaven består av fire deler: registrering og analyse, teori, referanseprosj...
Minimizing ventricular pacing by a novel atrioventricular (AV) delay hysteresis algorithm in patients with intact or compromised intrinsic AV conduction and different atrial and ventricular lead locations.
Pakarinen, Sami; Toivonen, Lauri
To investigate if an advanced AV search hysteresis (AVSH) algorithm, Ventricular Intrinsic Preference (VIP(™)), reduces the incidence of ventricular pacing (VP) in sinus node dysfunction (SND) with both intact and compromised AV conduction and with intermittent AV block regardless of the lead positions in the right atria and the ventricle. Patients were classified as having intact AV (AVi) conduction if the PR interval was ≤ 210 ms on ECG and 1:1 AV conduction during atrial pacing up to 120 bpm with PR interval ≤ 350 ms. Otherwise the AV conduction was classified as compromised (AVc). Both AVi and AVc patients were randomized to VIP ON or OFF. VIP performed an intrinsic AV conduction search every 30 s for three consecutive atrial cycles with the extension of the sensed and paced AV (SAV/PAV) delays from basic values of 150/200 ms to 300/350 ms. Extended AV intervals were allowed for three cycles when VP occurred before returning to basic AV delays. The primary end-point was %VP at 12 months. Among 389 patients, 30.1% had intact and 69.9% had compromised AV conduction. The mean %VP at 12 months was 9.6% by VIP compared to 51.8% with standard AV settings in patients with AVi (P < 0.0001) and 28.0% versus 78.9% (P < 0.0001) with AVc. With VIP, excessive %VP among most used lead positions was not seen. Conversely, when VIP was off %VP was low only in patients who had leads in the RA septal-RV septal position (23.0%). VIP feature reduces VP both in patients with SND and with intermittent heart block regardless of the lead positions in the right atria and the ventricle.
IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data (IPPLV1B) data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 and 610 POS AV systems flown...
IceBridge POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The IceBridge POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude (IPAPP1B) data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 POS AV system flown with the Digital...
UNIPASS for AvSP? A Broader View
Wu, N. Eva
UNIPASS is a general-purpose probabilistic computer program consisting of three major modules, including preprocessor, solver and postprocessor. UNIPASS contains a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI), numerous state-of-the-art probabilistic analysis techniques, a large library of statistical distributions and a function module with a large library of support functions that can easily define any complex limit-state function in a scripting FORTRAN-like syntax format. Its inverse probability analysis and sensitivities analysis capabilities make it a powerful design aid in any product cycle. Its precise numerical analysis engine is accurate enough to push the failure probabilities of a design to well below 10 (exp -50). UNIPASS is equipped with advanced artificial intelligence that is designed to handle systems with an essentially unlimited number of random variables with ease and efficiency. Its modular arrangement allows you to tailor an analysis to the desired level of accuracy and efficiency. The depth and comprehensiveness of UNIPASS are built upon the decades of experience and expertise of industry leaders including Boeing Aircraft, NASA and the DoD. Its rich content also makes UNIPASS a valuable instructional tool for random processes and probabilistic mechanics. The topics include: 1) Reliability in AvSP; 2) Role of UNIPASS in AvSP; and 3) Examples. This paper is in viewgraph form.
Ungdommers opplevelser med overdreven bruk av online-rollespillet World of Warcraft
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Flaaten, Øivind; Torp, Steffen; Aarseth, Espen
Ungdommers bruk av online-rollespill blir ofte problematisert (Falkner 2007). På bakgrunn av kvalitative intervjuer med ti ungdommer og fem pårørendekontakter beskrives i denne artikkelen ungdommenes opplevelser av online-spillet World of Warcraft (WoW). Denne pilotstudien gir en nyansert...... for konflikt og hjelpeløshet. Helsefremmende arbeid basert på dialog og tidlig intervensjon kan forhindre at online-spilladferd kommer ut av kontroll....
Open Source AV solution supporting In Situ Simulation and Clinical education
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Simonsen, Eivind Ortind; Pociunas, Gintas; Dahl, Mads Ronald
for a portable AV system for VAD. The system would make use of components widely available and easily replaceable. The developed AV software and coding is contracted to be available as Copyleft Open Source to ensure low cost and a potential continues improvement and expansion of the AV system. Summary of results...... debriefing in a mobile, in situ simulation environment using an AV system constructed from "off the shelf" components and Open Source software....
Förebyggande och rehabilitering av Osgood- Schlatter och Sinding-Larsen−Johanssons syndrom : Utformande av en handbok
Karenko, Sofia
Detta arbete är ett praktiskt inriktat examensarbete där slutprodukten är en handbok med ett förebyggande och rehabiliterande träningsprogram för Osgood-Schlatter och Sinding-Larsen–Johanssons syndrom (SLJ). Syftet med arbetet är att öka kunskapen om syndromen och utforma ett träningsprogram som kan användas vid förebyggande och rehabiliteringen av dessa. Arbetet bygger på Vilkka och Airaksinens modell för praktiskt inriktat examensarbete som beskrivs i boken Toiminnallinen opinn...
Selvbestemmelse og oppdragelse : en teoretisk analyse av oppdragelsens påvirkning på utviklingen av selvbestemmelse
Hagen, Marit Svennevig; Haugstvedt, Merete Lehne Rugdal
1) Problemstilling Hensikten med oppgaven er å rette fokus mot oppdragelse som en påvirkningsfaktor på utviklingen av selvbestemmelsen, og hvilken betydning behovstilfredsstillelse har for individets subjektive velvære. Oppdragelse er et populært tema som stadig blir debattert i mediene. Det diskuteres blant annet hvorfor oppdragelse er viktig, hvordan det er mulig å oppdra barn på best mulig måte og hvem som er viktige oppdragere i dagens samfunn. Vår oppgave handler om individets selvbes...
Anvendelser av EPS i vegbygging - med fokus på brofundamentering og myrbro
Hermansen, Simen
Oppgaven er delt i to deler. Del A Del A gir en innføring i produksjonen av materialet, materialegenskaper, retningslinjer for bruk av materialet og bruksområder. Norge var først ute i verden med bruk av EPS i vegfyllinger i 1972, siden det har teknikken spredd seg verden over. EPS er den letteste av de lette massene som brukes i vegfyllinger med 1 % av egenvekten til konvensjonelle fyllmasser. Materialet avlaster grunn med dårlig bæreevne på en god måte. Senere har flere...
Fremre korsbåndskade og utvikling av sekundær artrose
Holm, Stine
Oppgaven er en blanding av et litteraturstudie og en kohortestudie. I litteraturstudien har jeg sett på hva fremre korsbånd og artrose er, og hvilke risikofaktorer som kan bidra/progrediere utvikling av artrose hos korsbåndsopererte. I kohortestudien har jeg og veilederen sett på forekomsten av artrose hos korsbåndsopererte- 10-20 år etter ACL rekonstruksjon. Ved hjelp av røntgen og klinisk undersøkelse vurderte vi tidligere korsbåndsopererte og grad av artroseforandringer. Vi så også på hvor...
Finansiering av investeringar i immateriella tillgångar
Voltaire, Christian; Gillebrink, Valerie
Vid en bedömning av ett kreditärende ser banken till projektets företagsekonomiska förutsättningar. För företag som har immateriella tillgångar som de viktigaste tillgångarna i sin redovisning kan det uppstå problem när de ansöker om kredit hos banker. Detta beror på att immateriella tillgångar inte fungerar på samma sätt som materiella och därigenom tillbringar vag säkerhet för en beviljad kredit. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka finna vad det är som krävs för att ett tjänsteföretag ska ...
American AV: Edgar Dale and the Information Age Classroom.
Acland, Charles R
This article demonstrates how the influential scholar Edgar Dale, alongside a generation of educational technologists, helped build an essential place for AV materials and pedagogical methods in the American classroom. It also shows that, for decades, the Payne Fund philanthropy supported multimedia research agendas that shaped ideas about teaching and technology, far beyond involvement in their famed studies on motion pictures and children in the 1930s. With his writings and research programs, Dale advanced concepts of media experience and systematicity, which came to be understood as common sense to the information society. In so doing he was a leading contributor to the discursive and ideological structure of our age of technological and informational abundance.
Åkerblom, Jacob
Denna jämförelsestudie ämnar att undersöka marknadens leverantörer av nätverksutrustning de- finierade som Software Defined Wide Area Networks(SD-WAN). SD-WAN är en innovativ teknik som applicerar virtualisering och Software defined networking koncept i Wide Area Networks (WAN) för att skapa kostnadseffektiva nätverk. Studien har utförts på företaget Curitiba som idag arbetar med konsulttjänster inom utvalda WAN-optimering och SD-WAN-produkter. Arbetets syfte är att utvärdera SD-WAN-lösningar...
EST Table: AV399395 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV399395 NV120168 10/09/28 100 %/139 aa ref|NP_001037386.1| glyceraldehyde-3-phosph...ate dehydrogenase [Bombyx mori] gb|ABA43638.2| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Bombyx mori] 10/08/28 81 %/139...id:CAA88697.1 10/09/10 89 %/142 aa AGAP009623-PA Protein|3R:37154051:37155049:1|gene:AGAP009623 10/09/10 79 %/139... aa gnl|Amel|GB14798-PA 10/09/10 84 %/139 aa gi|91088023|ref|XP_974181.1| PREDICTED: similar to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Tribolium castaneum] DN237090 NV12 ...
En språkfundert kompetansemodell for planlegging av undervisning
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Erik Knain
Full Text Available I utdanningsvitenskapelig litteratur er ulike former for "literacy" et vedvarende fokus både teoretisk og empirisk. I engelskspråklig naturfagdidaktisk litteratur brukes betegnelsen "scientific literacy". Jeg skisserer i denne artikkelen et planleggingsverktøy for undervisning som bygger på en eksplisitt teoretisk modell for deltakelse gjennom språk. Modellen er bindeledd mellom et generalisert kompetansebegrep og planlegging av undervisning ved at den knytter sammen de didaktiske spørsmålene hva, hvem, hvordan og hvorfor med en modell for funksjonell deltakelse. Modellen er spesielt relevant for et allmenndannende "naturfag for alle", men favner også et naturfag som fokuserer på utdanning av framtidas naturvitere. Artikkelen retter seg mot naturfag i skolen, men modellen bør kunne anvendes også i andre skolefag. Modellen peker mot et situert og transformativt kompetansebegrep.Nøkkelord: naturfag , kompetanse , diskurs , deltakelse, undervisning og læringAbstractVarious forms of literacy have long been the focus of educational discourses, not the least in science education where the term "scientific literacy" has been an enduring concern for decades. In this article I describe a tool for designing teaching based on a theoretical perspective on participation through language. The model connects a general conception of competence with the planning of teaching. To do so it drowe on the didactical questions of "what, who, how and why". The model is particularly relevant in a "science for all" perspective but also for the educating of future science specialists. Although school science is the primary focus in this article, the model should be applicable to other school subjects as well. The model opens for a situated and transformative notion of competence.Keywords: scientific literacy, discourse, participation, teaching and learning
Environmental monitoring program for the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant and the Reserve Power Plant at Nyhamna, Gossa. Monitoring of vegetation and soil: re-analyses and establishment of new monitoring plots in 2010.; Miljoeovervaakingsprogram for Ormen Lange landanlegg og Reservegasskraftverk paa Nyhamna, Gossa. Overvaaking av vegetasjon og jord: gjenanalyser og nyetablering av overvaakingsfelter i 2010
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Aarrestad, P.A.; Bakkestuen, V.; Stabbetorp, O.E.; Myklebost, Heidi
The Ormen Lange Onshore Processing Plant in Aukra municipality (Moere og Romsdal county) receives unprocessed gas and condensate from the Ormen Lange field in the Norwegian Sea. During processing of sales gas and condensate, the plant emits CO, Co2, Nox, CH4, NMVOC (including BTEX), SO2 and small amounts of heavy metals, as specified in the discharge permit issued by the Climate and Pollution Directorate. The plant started production in 2007, with A/S Norske Shell as operator. In general, emissions of nitrogen and sulphur-containing gasses may affect terrestrial ecosystems through acidification and fertilization of soil and vegetation. The emissions from the onshore plant are calculated to be below the current critical loads for the terrestrial nature types. However, the nitrogen background level in the area of influence is close to the critical loads for oligotrophic habitats. To be able to document any effects of emissions to air on terrestrial ecosystems, a monitoring program for vegetation and soil was established in 2008 in the area of influence from the Ormen Lange Onshore Plant. The monitoring is planned at regular intervals according to the same methods employed in 2008, with the first reanalysis in 2010. The benefits of the monitoring parameters will be continuously evaluated. Statnett has established a Reserve Power Plant with discharge permits of similar substances in the same area as the Ormen Lange Onshore Processing plant, and participates in an extended monitor program from 2010. In 2008 two monitoring sites were established, one with rather high deposition of nitrogen north of the plant within Gule-Stavmyran nature reserve in Fraena municipality (site Gulmyran) and one south of the plant on the island Gossa (site Aukra). Deposition values have been estimated by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). Within each site integrated monitoring of the species composition of the vegetation, plant growth, and chemical content of plants and soil is conducted for three distinct habitats: wet oligotrophic heathland, and hummocks and lawns on raised bogs. The site in hummocks was established in 2010, whereas the other sites were re-analyzed with the same methods as in 2008. The parameters are monitored within delimited plots. The vegetation is monitored in permanently marked plots (0.5m x 0.5m), ten for each vegetation type at each site, in total 60 plots. In each plot the abundance of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens are recorded, as well as the cover of the vegetation layers. Plant growth is measured in each site for 20 individuals of Betula nana, Calluna vulgaris, and Sphagnum capillifolium. Five samples of each of Racomitrium lanuginosum, Sphagnum capillifolium and Cladonia arbuscula from each site are collected and analyzed for plant nutrient content and the heavy metals copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Ten soil samples are collected from each habitat at each site and analyzed for ph, Kjeldahl nitrogen, exchangeable elements, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation, a total of 30 samples from each site. The heavy metals Cu, Ni, Hg, Pb, and Zn are measured in samples of peat mud, 10 samples from each site. Peat water is analyzed for chemical nutrients and heavy metals, 10 samples from each site. The chemical analyses are conducted at the Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute and NILU. There is still no indication that any pollution has affected the species composition of the vegetation. The vegetation is stable at both sites, both in wet heathland and in lawns on raised bogs. A few species occurring at low frequency in 2008 were not recorded in 2010, and some previously unrecorded species were found. This is normal for re-analyses of vegetation. There were significant differences in plant growth for Betula nana and Calluna vulgaris between the two sites, with highest growth rate at Aukra. This is most likely due to better climatic. (Author)
Possibilities to achieve better performance at the Pulp and Paper Industry bark boilers by optimised combustion control. Part 2 General possibilities and applications for four chosen plants; Moejligheter till foerbaettrad drift av skogsindustrins barkpannor genom optimerad foerbraenningsteknisk styrning. Etapp 2 Redovisning av generella moejligheter och tillaempning paa fyra utvalda anlaeggningar
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Schuster, Robert; Lundborg, Rickard [AaF-Energi och Miljoe AB, Stockhom (Sweden)
This report presents the result of phase 2 of 'Possibilities to achieve better performance at the Pulp and Paper Industry bark boilers by optimised combustion control'. The project was initiated to generate know-how for coping with the special demands that exist for the bark boilers, with rapid changes of loads and fuel quality. The fuel comprises of different types of wood chips, bark and residue fibres with a wide range of moisture contents. In the future it is expected that these boilers, working under difficult conditions, will have the same environmental requirements as district heating boilers. Phase 1 of the project 'Diagnosis and analysis of existing boilers' was published as SVF report 660. The report contains an analysis of 21 Swedish bark boilers. Phase 3 which has already been started and includes the demonstration and evaluation of modified bark boilers. The report describes and explains different types of suitable boiler modifications, based on four selected typical boilers. The work has included measurements in- and outside the furnace, tests and mathematical simulation in two steps. The first basic simulations was made to get a good picture of the present situation and the later modification simulations to test the practical effects of different combustion solutions. The presentation in the report has been aimed at describing concrete solutions, but most of all to give a better understanding of the hows and whys and the general ways of solving existing problems. The opinions of how to modify a boiler to get the best performance will vary, but the basic chemical-physical laws will remain unchanged. The hope of the authors is that this report will serve as a basis for choosing between proposed different solutions and to inspire engineers and owners to modify bark boilers using the technology of tomorrow.
Co-combustion of automotive shredder residue (ASR) and sewage sludge with a mixture of industrial and household waste in an 20MW fluidized bed combustor; Samfoerbraenning av bilfluff, roetslam och avfall i en 20 MW fluidbaeddpanna - Studier av braenslesammansaettningens paaverkan paa belaeggningsbildning
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Eskilsson, David; Johansson, Andreas; Johansson, Linda; Wikstroem-Blomqvist, Evalena
In order to prevent a further increased use of resources and to decrease the environmental impact from landfills, organic wastes are today diverted towards material and energy recovery. This creates a waste market with an increasing number of waste fractions that needs to be treated properly. As an example, in Sweden it has recently been prohibited to landfill source separated combustible waste (2002) and organic waste (2005). Wastes as automotive shredder residue (ASR) and sewage sludge can no longer be landfilled and needs to be either material or energy recovered, which challenge the waste treatment sector. This work investigates the effects of ASR and sewage sludge co-combustion in a 20 MW Energy-from-Waste plant (bubbling fluidised bed). The long term objective of the work is to increase the fuel flexibility, the boiler availability and the power production. This report focus on boiler operation and combustion performance in terms of agglomeration, deposit rates and emissions. In addition to the tests with ASR and sewage sludge, repeated measurements were performed during normal load as a reference. The results show that the co-combusted fractions of ASR and sewage sludge, which on mass basis constituted 6 % and 15 % respectively, did not increase the risk for agglomeration or deposits on heat-exchanging surfaces. Instead, compared to the two reference cases, the deposit rates decreased when sewage sludge was added. Only minor variation in the emissions was seen between the different cases. The levels of I-TEQs were far below the legislated values in all cases
Unga reumatikers upplevelser av sin sjukdom : En kvalitativ intervjustudie av unga kvinnor och män med reumatism
Blomberg, Catrin; Helle, Johanna
Syftet med den här studien är att få en inblick i hur unga kvinnor och män med reumatismupplever sin sjukdom. Vi vill jämföra dessa upplevelser mellan män och kvinnor genomatt undersöka om det finns skillnader och likheter i återgivna beskrivningar ochupplevelser. Vi vill undersöka om könsspecifika skillnader på upplevelser kringreumatism skulle kunna kopplas till det faktum att fler kvinnor än män diagnostiseras.Vidare vill vi undersöka om samhällets bemötande av individer med reumatism kank...
O tornar-se avó no processo de individuação
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Caroline Dal Ri Kipper
Full Text Available O tornar-se avó assinala um período de transição no ciclo de vida familiar, marcado por transformações psíquicas significativas para os avós, caracterizando a quarta individuação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a experiência de tornar-se avó e sua importância no processo de individuação. Foi utilizado delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo. Onze avós maternas, com idades entre 49 e 66 anos, cujas filhas tiveram seu primeiro filho, responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Todas as avós tinham tido seus primeiros netos e a entrevista referia-se a sua experiência como avós desses netos. Os dados mostraram que o ser avó é uma fonte de renovação e renascimento. O estudo propiciou que as participantes refletissem sobre seus diferentes papéis familiares: avó, mãe, neta e filha. Os dados sugerem que tornar-se avó possibilita que antigos conflitos sejam repensados, renovando antigos vínculos e desejos, o que permite que a avó dê mais um passo rumo à sua individuação.
The Population Association of America Annual Meeting, held in San Francisco April 6-8, 1995, generated papers on the key demographic themes of marriage, birth, mortality, and migration. In the US 47% of people between the ages of 25 and 44 have lived with an unmarried partner for some period, up from 37% during 1987-1988. For teenagers, absence of contact with fathers is associated with symptoms of depression, becoming a teen parent, and delinquency. Single fathers in 1990 were younger and had lower incomes than in the past. About 40% of nonpaying fathers had children out of wedlock; 30% to 48% had low or no income. The tendency of Whites to leave or avoid minority neighborhoods is due to perceptions about crime, quality of the schools, neighborhood deterioration, and the socioeconomic level of neighbors. Although African-American death rates generally are higher than those of Whites, the pattern seems to reverse itself after age 85. Surprisingly, survival probability at ages 80-95 for US Whites is higher than that in Europe and Japan. When immigrants enter an area, there is not much evidence of low-skilled native-born people moving out. Families with undocumented heads received an average of $6,080 in welfare benefits, while refugees received $10,444. The Social Security system is shifting large amounts of money from regions of the country with younger age structures, such as California, to states with older age structures, such as Florida. Among other topics, the remarkably low total fertility rate of 3.4 in the Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health Survey was questioned as biased; the infant mortality data for Tajikistan appeared to be suspect; the diffusion of information about family planning in Africa was mentioned; the significance of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development regarding reproductive health services was hailed; and USAID's designing of indicators in safe pregnancy, breastfeeding, and women's nutrition was related.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lahrmann, Harry; Agerholm, Niels; Tradisauskas, Nerius
The paper describes an Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) project in Denmark based on Pay As You Drive principles, which means that the ISA equipment both gives a warning when the driver is speeding but also gives penalty points which reduce a promised bonus at 30 % on the insurance rate. In the ......The paper describes an Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) project in Denmark based on Pay As You Drive principles, which means that the ISA equipment both gives a warning when the driver is speeding but also gives penalty points which reduce a promised bonus at 30 % on the insurance rate...... in a three year test period involving 300 car drivers as participants in the project, and we have some very primary results from the first 3 months driving. We have problems recruiting participants in the project, until now only 90 have signed a contract to have an OBU installed....
Prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation in DDD pacemaker patients with complete AV block under nominal AV intervals.
Poller, Wolfram C; Dreger, Henryk; Schwerg, Marius; Melzer, Christoph
Optimization of the AV-interval (AVI) in DDD pacemakers improves cardiac hemodynamics and reduces pacemaker syndromes. Manual optimization is typically not performed in clinical routine. In the present study we analyze the prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation under resting conditions in 160 patients with complete AV block (AVB) under the pre-programmed AVI. We manually optimized sub-optimal AVI. We analyzed 160 pacemaker patients with complete AVB, both in sinus rhythm (AV-sense; n = 129) and under atrial pacing (AV-pace; n = 31). Using Doppler analyses of the transmitral inflow we classified the nominal AVI as: a) normal, b) too long (E/A wave fusion) or c) too short (A wave truncation). In patients with a sub-optimal AVI, we performed manual optimization according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. All AVB patients with atrial pacing exhibited a normal transmitral inflow under the nominal AV-pace intervals (100%). In contrast, 25 AVB patients in sinus rhythm showed E/A wave fusion under the pre-programmed AV-sense intervals (19.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 12.6-26.2%). A wave truncations were not observed in any patient. All patients with a complete E/A wave fusion achieved a normal transmitral inflow after AV-sense interval reduction (mean optimized AVI: 79.4 ± 13.6 ms). Given the rate of 19.4% (CI 12.6-26.2%) of patients with a too long nominal AV-sense interval, automatic algorithms may prove useful in improving cardiac hemodynamics, especially in the subgroup of atrially triggered pacemaker patients with AV node diseases.
Prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation in DDD pacemaker patients with complete AV block under nominal AV intervals.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wolfram C Poller
Full Text Available Optimization of the AV-interval (AVI in DDD pacemakers improves cardiac hemodynamics and reduces pacemaker syndromes. Manual optimization is typically not performed in clinical routine. In the present study we analyze the prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation under resting conditions in 160 patients with complete AV block (AVB under the pre-programmed AVI. We manually optimized sub-optimal AVI.We analyzed 160 pacemaker patients with complete AVB, both in sinus rhythm (AV-sense; n = 129 and under atrial pacing (AV-pace; n = 31. Using Doppler analyses of the transmitral inflow we classified the nominal AVI as: a normal, b too long (E/A wave fusion or c too short (A wave truncation. In patients with a sub-optimal AVI, we performed manual optimization according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography.All AVB patients with atrial pacing exhibited a normal transmitral inflow under the nominal AV-pace intervals (100%. In contrast, 25 AVB patients in sinus rhythm showed E/A wave fusion under the pre-programmed AV-sense intervals (19.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI: 12.6-26.2%. A wave truncations were not observed in any patient. All patients with a complete E/A wave fusion achieved a normal transmitral inflow after AV-sense interval reduction (mean optimized AVI: 79.4 ± 13.6 ms.Given the rate of 19.4% (CI 12.6-26.2% of patients with a too long nominal AV-sense interval, automatic algorithms may prove useful in improving cardiac hemodynamics, especially in the subgroup of atrially triggered pacemaker patients with AV node diseases.
Rehabilitering efter dekompression och diskoperation - framställandet av en fysioterapeutisk patientanvisning : Ett beställningsarbete av Tölö sjukhus
Nyberg, Jasmina
Examensarbetet är ett praktiskt inriktat examensarbete med fokus på rehabiliteringen efter en dekompressions- och diskoperation. Det är ett beställningsarbete av Tölö sjukhus med syftet att framställa en fysioterapeutisk patientanvisning. Önskemål från uppdragsgivare var att utforma en tydlig patientanvisning för ryggopererade bestående av skriftliga instruktioner angående postoperativ rehabilitering i form av vardagliga aktiviteter, fysisk aktivitet, ryggens viloställningar, vi...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Powell, J.R.; Reich, M.
The objective of this AVS testing program is to use bench-scale test equipment to produce a vitrified product at maximum waste loading from the specified AZ-101 waste simulant and conduct a TTT analysis using laboratory scale melts to show compliance with the DOE Waste Acceptance Product Specifications for Vitrified High-Level Waste Forms (WAPS). The vitrified product complies with the following WAPS. A borosilicate glass with a waste loading of 60.9-wt% was produced from a slurry feed of AZ101 simulant. Glass durability testing, glass characterization testing, and testing methodology were performed in accordance with the Department of Energy approved Test Plan. The glass has two crystalline phases and good uniformity of composition. The Product Consistency Test on the 6 location-specific samples are at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude below the mean PCT results for the EA glass. Standard deviations were less than 10% of measured values. The glass transition temperature averaged 658 ± 9 C. A TTT diagram was produced. There was measured cesium loss of about 2%, and compliance with the Universal Treatment Standards
Geologic and Mineralogic Mapping of Av-6 (Gegania) and Av-7 (Lucaria) Quadrangles of Asteroid 4 Vesta
Nathues, A.; Le Corre, L.; Reddy, V.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Williams, D. A.; Garry, W. B.; Yingst, R. A.; Jaumann, R.; Ammannito, E.; Capaccioni, F.; Preusker, F.; Palomba, E.; Roatsch, T.; Tosi, F.; Zambon, F.; Pieters, C. M.; Russell, C. T.; Raymond, C. A.
NASA's Dawn spacecraft arrived at the asteroid 4 Vesta in July 2011 and is now collecting imaging and spectroscopic data during its one-year orbital mission. The maps we present are based on information obtained by the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer VIR-MS and the multi-color Framing Camera FC. VIR covers the wavelength range between 0.25 to 5.1 µm while FC covers the range 0.4 to 1.0 µm. The VIR instrument has a significant higher spectral resolution than FC but the latter achieves higher spatial resolution data. As part of the geological and mineralogical analysis of the surface, a series of 15 quadrangles have been defined covering the entire surface of Vesta. We report about the mapping results of quadrangle Av-6 (Gegania) and Av-7 (Lucaria). The Gegania quadrangle is dominated by old craters showing no ejecta blankets and rays while several small fresh craters do. The most obvious geologic features are a set of equatorial troughs, a group of three ghost craters of similar diameter (~57 km), an ejecta mantling of the Gegania crater and three smaller craters showing bright and dark ejecta rays. The quadrangle contains two main geologic units: 1) the northern cratered trough terrain and 2) the equatorial ridge and trough terrain. The quadrangle shows moderate variation in Band II center wavelength and Band II depth. FC color ratio variations of some recent craters and their ejecta are linked to the bright and dark material. The bright material is possibly excavated eucritic material while the dark material could be remnants of a CM2 impator(s) or an excavated subsurface layer of endogenic origin. The most prominent geologic features in the Lucaria quadrangle are the 40 km long hill Lucaria Tholus, a set of equatorial troughs, some relatively fresh craters with bright and dark material and mass wasting. The quadrangle contains three main geologic units: 1) the northern cratered trough terrain, 2) the equatorial ridge and trough terrain, and 3) the
Skatte- og konkurransemessige utfordringer i delingsøkonomien : en studie av Airbnb
Monsen, Jørgen Tvedt; Gundersen, Preben Holme
Delingsøkonomien har vært gjenstand for bemerkelsesverdig vekst i nyere tid. Delingskonseptet omfatter en rekke økonomiske aktiviteter som via en plattform tilrettelegger for effektiv kommunikasjon mellom tilbydere og etterspørrere av underutnyttede ressurser. Gjennom å forsyne overnattingsmarkedet med personers ledige kapasitet av boenheter, har Airbnb blitt en verdensledende delingsaktør. Fremveksten av delingsøkonomien har bidratt til inntektsmuligheter for tilbydere, samtid...
Dialogmøte om teknologi for trenging av fisk i merd
Henriksen, Kristian; Sunde, Leif Magne; Digre, Hanne; Svendsen, Erik; Rundtop, Per; Erikson, Ulf Gøran
SINTEF Fiskeri og havbruk arrangerte den 19. mars 2013, i samarbeid med Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond (FHF), et dialogmøte med fokus på teknologi for trenging av fisk i merd. Under møtet ble status for gjeldene teknologi og operasjoner for trenging av fisk i merd, samt resultater fra forskningsprosjekter tilknyttet trengeprosessen, presentert. Videre ble det samlet innspill om utfordringer tilknyttet trenging av fisk i produksjons- og ventemerd fra oppdrettsbedrifter, leverandø...
IAS 40 i ljuset av ägarförhållanden : Värdering av förvaltningsfastigheter i börsnoterade respektive statliga bolag
Klarin, Olof; Sandell, Johan
Sammanfattning: Redovisningen av förvaltningsfastigheter enligt IAS 40 har tidigare beskrivits i ett stort antal olika vetenskapliga alster. Merparten av dessa har dock tittat på börsnoterade bolag men det finns även andra företag som tillämpar IAS-reglerna. En grupp företag som gör det är de bolag som ägs av svenska staten. Ett av målen med IFRS är att skapa jämförbarhet och då bör inte ägarformen ha någon betydelse för redovisning och värdering. Denna studies syfte är därför att skapa insik...
Utveckling av en Windows Service för databassynkronisering med Microsoft Sync Framework
Vik, Christian
Detta examensarbete utfördes åt Hogia Ferry Systems. Examensarbetet behandlar utvecklingen av ett synkroniseringsverktyg för databaserna som företagets produkter använder. Lösningen kommer att ersätta ett befintligt system för synkronisering. Fokus för detta projekt ligger på utvecklingen av en synkroniseringstjänst för multipla typer av databaser. Databaserna som stöds är SQL Server, Informix samt Oracle. För utvecklingen av själva synkroniseringen har Microsoft Sync Framework använts. F...
Effekt av å benytte sosiale medier i kampanjer for å fremme sunne levevaner
Strømme, Hilde
Hensikten med denne systematiske oversikten er å svare på spørsmålet: Hva er effekten av å benytte sosiale medier i kampanjer for å påvirke holdninger, kunnskap og atferd knyttet til sunne levevaner? Metode: Systematiske søk ble gjort i 11 bibliografiske baser. Tilleggssøk ble gjort i Google Scholar. Utvelgelse og vurdering av publikasjoner ble gjort av to personer uavhengig av hverandre. Risiko for systematiske feil ble vurdert med sjekklisten til Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation...
Frihet, fantasi og utfoldelse: En kvalitativ studie av estetiske arbeidsformer i lærerutdanningene
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Borghild Brekke
Full Text Available Artikkelen undersøker hva slags forståelse lærerutdannere og lærerstudenter har av estetiske arbeidsformer i undervisningen i lærerutdanningene. Studien er en kvalitativ intervjuundersøkelse blant lærerutdannere og lærerstudenter ved en norsk lærerutdanningsinstitusjon. I lys av danningsteoretisk og didaktisk teori, finner studien at lærerutdannere og lærerstudenters forståelse av estetiske arbeidsformer i undervisningen er kjennetegnet av «frihet» som fravær av tvang og fasit i arbeid med lærestoffet, «fantasi» som bruk av forestillingsevnen slik at kunnskapen blir personlig, og «utfoldelse» som sosialisering inn i et fellesskap gjennom tilbakemeldinger på egen atferd. Til sammen kan informantenes forståelse av de tre aspektene sies å fremheve viktigheten av å utvikle de lærendes autonomi. Artikkelen gir et bidrag til undervisningspraksis i lærerutdanningene, gjennom å gi eksempler på hva estetiske arbeidsformer kan være i en slik sammenheng. Avslutningsvis drøftes funnene opp mot samtidige politiske begrunnelser for bruk av estetiske arbeidsformer i utdanningene.
Samtalegrupper for personer med Aspergers syndrom. En kvalitativ studie av hva fagpersoner forteller om planlegging, gjennomføring og effekt av samtalegrupper for personer med Aspergers syndrom
Jensen, Øyvind
Denne oppgaven er skrevet ut fra problemstillingen: Hvordan beskriver fagpersoner planlegging, gjennomføring og effekt av samtalegrupper for personer med Aspergers syndrom? Den belyser teori om Aspergers syndrom, effekt av samtalegrupper samt andre viktige forhold i tilknytning til samtalegruppe, som kommunikasjon, veiledning og psykoedukasjon. Fire informanter fra nettverket «Nasjonalt fagutviklingsnettverk om psykoedukative grupper for personer med Aspergers syndrom» ble intervjuet, ...
Hvor moralsk tenker fotballspillere? – en empirisk studie av toppfotball
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lars Tore Ødegård
Full Text Available Det er en utbredt oppfatning at det økende prestasjonskravet i toppfotball fører til en svekkelse av moral og fair play-holdninger. Men hvordan tenker toppfotballspillere i forhold til ulike dilemmaer som oppstår på banen, og er det forskjeller mellom toppfotballspillere og spillere på lavere nivå? For å avklare dette gjennomførte vi en empirisk undersøkelse der vi intervjuet spillere og trener i én toppklubb og én breddeklubb. Vi var interessert i to hovedproblemstillinger: 1 Hva tenker fotballspillere på ulike prestasjonsnivå om etikk og moralske dilemmaer i fotball? 2 Hvilke faktorer påvirker spillerne, direkte og indirekte, i deres vurderinger og handlinger? Resultatene fra undersøkelsen viser at det er store forskjeller mellom de to prestasjonsnivåene. Spillerne på breddenivået føler generelt et større ansvar for å opptre ærlig på banen enn hva som er tilfelle på toppnivået. Vi fant 4 spesifikke faktorer i toppfotballen som bidrar til umoralsk opptreden. For det første opplever spillerne en forventning om at de prioriterer resultat foran fair play. For det andre bidrar tilstedeværelsen av supportere på kamper til en slik prioritering. For det tredje vil handlinger som er i strid med fair play signaliseres som akseptable internt i miljøet, selv om de ofte signaliseres som uakseptable overfor media og omverdenen. For det fjerde kan spillere oppleve det som vanskelig å gå i mot trenerens oppfordringer til en pragmatisk og resultatfokusert opptreden.Nøkkelord: moral, etikk, fair play, footballEnglish summary: How morally do football players think? – an empirical study of moral dilemmas in elite footballIt is a common view that the increasing focus on achievement and success in elite football leads to a weakening of moral and fair play attitudes. But how do elite players think and what do they think about different dilemmas that appear on the field, and is there a difference between elite players and lower
Elevers oppfatning av lærers tilbakemeldingspraksis: om sammenheng mellom graden av VfL-praksis og elevenes opplevde nytte av lærers skriftlige tilbakemeldinger i skriftlig norsk
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Harald Eriksen
Full Text Available Formålet med denne studien var å undersøke elevers oppfatninger av norsklærerens tilbakemeldingspraksis i skriftlig norsk. På bakgrunn av omfattende internasjonal forskning innen feltet 'Vurdering for læring' (VfL er det i denne studien utviklet teoridrevne hypoteser som testes ved å analysere et datasett fra to videregående skoler. Hypotesene er at elevene oppfatter lærers tilbakemelding som mer nyttig hvis den 1 retter seg mot målet med opplæringen, 2 gir elevene informasjon via en forklaring eller instruks om hvordan de skal komme nærmere målet og 3 at lærer legger til rette for bruk av tilbakemeldingen. Strukturell likningsmodellering (SEM av resultater fra en spørreundersøkelse blant elever (N = 213 er brukt som metode til å estimere forholdet mellom de fire latente variablene kriterier, forklaring, bruk og nytte (avhengig variabel. SEM er brukt fordi metoden egner seg til å undersøke sammenhenger i komplekse datasett. Funn er at elevene oppfatter at hvis lærer forklarer hvordan de kan forbedre seg, er dette positivt statistisk assosiert med opplevd nytte. Et mer overraskende funn er at lærerens tilrettelegging for bruk av tilbakemeldinger ikke er signifikant assosiert med opplevd nytte. Resultatene blir diskutert i artikkelen.
Os Desafios dos Assentados na Órbita das Determinações do PAA e a Luta Pela/Na Terra no Pontal do Paranapanema
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sidney Cássio Todescato Leal
Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Introdução: Os apontamentos deste resumo fazem parte da pesquisa "O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos e a Disputa Territorial em Torno da Luta pela Terra/Na Terra no Pontal do Paranapanema", financiada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, sob a orientação do professor Antonio Thomaz Junior. Os recursos e inconstantes destinados a Agricultura Familiar são direcionados comumente por meio de Políticas Públicas que não consideram as diversidades territoriais, e na maioria dos casos impõem aos camponeses/assentados os esquemas protagonizados pelos atravessadores e os ditames do mercado, sem contar que não proporcionam apoio técnico efetivo no manejo e na colheita, inviabilizando e/ou encarecendo a produção. Todavia, o ganho diferencial está no fato de se manter enquanto produtor familiar, por contar com a força de trabalho da família; esse é, pois, o salto qualitativo da estrutura camponesa. Nessas circunstâncias, que também se expressam no Pontal do Paranapanema, é que estamos apreendendo os desafios postos para a implementação e territorialização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA no Pontal do Paranapanema e seus rebatimentos na dinâmica territorial de classe (Thomaz Jr, 2012 considerando-o como um instrumento de política pública do Programa Fome Zero, como também, uma conquista de luta dos movimentos sociais. Estes que no momento, no Pontal do Paranapanema, são um dos principais articuladores dos projetos que envolvem o PAA. O Programa foi instituído em 2003 pelo artigo 19 da Lei nº. 10.696, de 2 de julho de 2003 tem como principal objetivo estimular a agricultura familiar por meio da aquisição de alimentos e sua distribuição em quantidade, qualidade e regularidade necessárias às populações em situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional por meio de entidades das redes de assistência social. Para
Effects of AV-delay optimization on hemodynamic parameters in patients with VDD pacemakers.
Krychtiuk, Konstantin A; Nürnberg, Michael; Volker, Romana; Pachinger, Linda; Jarai, Rudolf; Freynhofer, Matthias K; Wojta, Johann; Huber, Kurt; Weiss, Thomas W
Atrioventricular (AV) delay optimization improves hemodynamics and clinical parameters in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy and dual-chamber-pacemakers (PM). However, data on optimizing AV delay in patients treated with VDD-PMs are scarce. We, therefore, investigated the acute and chronic effects of AV delay optimization on hemodynamics in patients treated with VDD-PMs due to AV-conduction disturbances. In this prospective, single-center interventional trial, we included 64 patients (38 men, 26 women, median age: 77 (70-82) years) with implanted VDD-PM. AV-delay optimization was performed using a formula based on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Hemodynamic parameters (stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP)) were measured at baseline and follow-up after 3 months using impedance cardiography. Using an ECG formula for AV-delay optimization, the AV interval was decreased from 180 (180-180) to 75 (75-100) ms. At baseline, AV-delay optimization led to a significant increase of both SV (71.3 ± 15.8 vs. 55.3 ± 12.7 ml, p AV delay vs. nominal AV interval, respectively) and CO (5.1 ± 1.4 vs. 3.9 ± 1.0 l/min, p AV-delay optimization in patients treated with VDD-PMs exhibits immediate beneficial effects on hemodynamic parameters that are sustained for 3 months.
Litterær kompetanse - portrett av tre lesarar
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hallvard Kjelen
Full Text Available Artikkelen drøfter eit sentralt problemfelt innom litteraturdidaktikken, nemleg tilhøvet mellom litterær lesing som fagleg kompetanse og litterær lesing som oppleving. Problemfeltet er særleg knytt til Louise Rosenblatts arbeid. Ho viser ved hjelp av omgrepa efferent og estetisk lesing korleis det er ei utfordring for litteraturlæraren å utvikle ei litteraturundervisning som i tilstrekkeleg grad tek omsyn til kjensler og røynsler. I ein litteraturteoretisk kontekst er subjektive responsar på litterære tekstar irrelevante, men i ein litteraturdidaktisk kontekst er subjektive responsar høgst relevante. Denne artikkelen bidrar inn i diskusjon-en mellom anna ved å trekkje inn meir empirisk basert litteraturteori som referanseramme. Artikkelen presenterer tre lesarars litterære responsar, og viser korleis kunnskap om individuelle lesarresponsar kan vere utgangspunkt for ei litteraturundervisning som balanserer ei fagleg tilnærming til litteratur opp mot ei meir opplevingsbasert tilnærming.Emneord: Litteraturundervisning, litterær kompetanse, empirisk litteraturteori, lesarresponsAbstractThe article discusses a key issue in literature didactics, namely the relation between literary reading as an academic competence, and literary reading as an experience. The discussion draws heavily on Louise Rosenblatt's work. By using the concepts efferent and aesthetic reading, she shows how it is a challenge for the teacher of literature to develop literature teaching that adequately takes emotions and experience into account. In a literature-theoretical context, subjective responses to literary texts are irrelevant; but in a didactics context, the subjective responses are highly relevant. This article contributes to the discussion by bringing in a more empirically based literature theory as a frame of reference. The article presents three readers' literary responses, and shows how knowledge of individual reader responses can be the basis for
AVS/Express (application visualization system) user's guide
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kato, Katsumi [Research Organization for Information Science Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Kume, Etsuo [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment
Computer and network environment for image processing has been developed and maintained under the course of establishing a distributed processing environment by the information system operating division. We introduced a server for image processing, AVS/Express for image processing software and Stereo viewing system. This report summarizes the information to use AVS/Express efficiently in the computer environment for image processing. (author)
Pilot Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of START:AV Assessments in Secure Juvenile Correctional Facilities.
Desmarais, Sarah L; Sellers, Brian G; Viljoen, Jodi L; Cruise, Keith R; Nicholls, Tonia L; Dvoskin, Joel A
The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) is a new structured professional judgment guide for assessing short-term risks in adolescents. The scheme may be distinguished from other youth risk assessment and treatment planning instruments by its inclusion of 23 dynamic factors that are each rated for both vulnerability and strength. In addition, START:AV is also unique in that it focuses on multiple adverse outcomes-namely, violence, self-harm, suicide, unauthorized leave, substance abuse, self-neglect, victimization, and general offending-over the short-term (i.e., weeks to months) rather than long-term (i.e., years). This paper describes a pilot implementation and preliminary evaluation of START:AV in three secure juvenile correctional facilities in the southern United States. Specifically, we examined the descriptive characteristics and psychometric properties of START:AV assessments completed by 21 case managers on 291 adolescent offenders (250 boys and 41 girls) at the time of admission. Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of completing START:AV assessments as part of routine practice. Findings also highlight differences in the characteristics of START:AV assessments for boys and girls and differential associations between the eight START:AV risk domains. Though results are promising, further research is needed to establish the reliability and validity of START:AV assessments completed in the field.
Association of temporary complete AV block and junctional ectopic tachycardia after surgery for congenital heart disease.
Paech, Christian; Dähnert, Ingo; Kostelka, Martin; Mende, Meinhardt; Gebauer, Roman
Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a postoperative complication with a mortality rate of up to 14% after surgery for congenital heart disease. This study evaluated the risk factors of JET and explored the association of postoperative temporary third degree atrioventricular (AV) block and the occurrence of JET. Data were collected retrospectively from 1158 patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease. The overall incidence of JET was 2.8%. Temporary third degree AV block occurred in 1.6% of cases. Permanent third degree AV block requiring pacemaker implantation occurred in 1% of cases. In all, 56% of patients with JET had temporary AV block (P AV block (P = 0.56). temporary third degree AV block did not suffer from JET. A correlation between temporary third degree AV block and postoperative JET could be observed. The risk factors identified for JET include younger age groups at the time of surgery, longer aortic cross clamping time and surgical procedures in proximity to the AV node.
A-V Fistulae from Arrow Injuries: A Report of Two Cases ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Of these, one involved the temporal vessels, which led to a temporo-temporal A-V fistula causing the patient continuous noisy headache. The late complication was only recognized about two years post injury. Another arrow shot injury involved femoral vessels and resulted in femoro-femoral A-V fistula, which came to be ...
InterProScan Result: AV401888 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV401888 AV401888_3_ORF1 2F04E8AA567F7BCF PANTHER PTHR11511 INSECT HEMOCYANIN-RELAT...ED 1.5e-119 T IPR013788 Arthropod hemocyanin/insect LSP Molecular Function: oxygen transporter activity (GO:0005344)|Biological Process: transport (GO:0006810) ...
InterProScan Result: AV402282 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV402282 AV402282_2_ORF1 D1F0DCC6A8296985 PANTHER PTHR11511 INSECT HEMOCYANIN-RELAT...ED 5e-97 T IPR013788 Arthropod hemocyanin/insect LSP Molecular Function: oxygen transporter activity (GO:0005344)|Biological Process: transport (GO:0006810) ...
InterProScan Result: AV399740 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available AV399740 AV399740_3_ORF2 7A42A41D4F3F6388 PFAM PF00067 p450 1.2e-19 T IPR001128 Cytochrome P450 Molecular... Function: monooxygenase activity (GO:0004497)|Molecular Function: iron ion binding (GO:0005506)|Molecular... Function: electron carrier activity (GO:0009055)|Molecular Function: heme binding (GO:0020037) ...
InterProScan Result: AV399409 [KAIKOcDNA[Archive
Lifescience Database Archive (English)
Full Text Available 429 Baculovirus LEF-11 Biological Process: viral infectious cycle (GO:0019058)|Biological Process: regulation of transcription (GO:0045449) ... ...AV399409 AV399409_1_ORF2 07DC81A7C7B2FA42 PFAM PF06385 Baculo_LEF-11 3e-33 T IPR009
Adsorption Properties of PVA/PAA/clay Composite Hydrogel Synthesized by Gamma Radiation and its Application in Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Its Aqueous Solution
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kamal, H.; El-Sayed, A. Hegazy; Mohamed, M.M.; Sabaa, M.W.; El-Dessouky, M.M.
Copolymer hydrogels composed of Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and Poly acrylic acid (PAA) were prepared by γ-irradiation in the presence of N,N' methylene bis acrylamide (MBAM) as crosslinking agent or bentonite clay. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The dye adsorption experiments for Crystal Violet dye (CV) were carried out by using bath procedure. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the adsorption behavior. The effect of different copolymer composition, clay concentration, ph, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and adsorption temperature were investigated to obtain the best experimental conditions. The adsorption equilibrium was attained after about 24h. of contact time. It was found that the adsorption process was correlated with Freundlich isotherm equation. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of CV dye onto the prepared hydrogels were also evaluated
Apolipoprotein A-V interaction with members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nilsson, Stefan K; Lookene, Aivar; Beckstead, Jennifer A
Apolipoprotein A-V is a potent modulator of plasma triacylglycerol levels. To investigate the molecular basis for this phenomenon we explored the ability of apolipoprotein A-V, in most experiments complexed to disks of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, to interact with two members of the low density...... lipoprotein receptor family, the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the mosaic type-1 receptor, SorLA. Experiments using surface plasmon resonance showed specific binding of both free and lipid-bound apolipoprotein A-V to both receptors. The binding was calcium dependent and was inhibited......, apolipoprotein A-V (Arg210Glu/Lys211Gln), showed decreased binding to heparin and decreased ability to bind the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Association of apolipoprotein A-V with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein or SorLA resulted in enhanced binding of human chylomicrons...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael Júnior dos Santos Figueiredo Salgado
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a contribuição do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE para a estabilização de preços e renda dos agricultores nos mercados de arroz, feijão e milho no estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foi calculado o coeficiente de variação (CV dos preços, da renda e da quantidade produzida, considerando o período anterior e posterior à implementação dos programas. É feita também a decomposição da variância da receita, objetivando identificar qual a fonte mais importante de instabilidade da renda agrícola. Por último, foi examinada a influência dos fatores de mercado e das políticas públicas de compra institucional na determinação do preço dos produtos agrícolas. Os resultados indicaram aumento da instabilidade da receita para todos os produtos analisados, após a implementação do PAA, em decorrência, sobretudo, do aumento da variabilidade de preços. Apesar de diversos estudos apontarem estas políticas como estabilizadoras do mercado agrícola e constatar-se que foram importantes para minimizar os impactos negativos sobre a receita do produtor, o estudo constatou que ainda não apresentam-se como programas efetivos mediante a capacidade de contribuição na estabilização e elevação dos preços.
Suppressor mutations identify amino acids in PAA-1/PR65 that facilitate regulatory RSA-1/B″ subunit targeting of PP2A to centrosomes in C. elegans
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Karen I. Lange
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is a key mechanism for the spatial and temporal regulation of many essential developmental processes and is especially prominent during mitosis. The multi-subunit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A enzyme plays an important, yet poorly characterized role in dephosphorylating proteins during mitosis. PP2As are heterotrimeric complexes comprising a catalytic, structural, and regulatory subunit. Regulatory subunits are mutually exclusive and determine subcellular localization and substrate specificity of PP2A. At least 3 different classes of regulatory subunits exist (termed B, B′, B″ but there is no obvious similarity in primary sequence between these classes. Therefore, it is not known how these diverse regulatory subunits interact with the same holoenzyme to facilitate specific PP2A functions in vivo. The B″ family of regulatory subunits is the least understood because these proteins lack conserved structural domains. RSA-1 (regulator of spindle assembly is a regulatory B″ subunit required for mitotic spindle assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans. In order to address how B″ subunits interact with the PP2A core enzyme, we focused on a conditional allele, rsa-1(or598ts, and determined that this mutation specifically disrupts the protein interaction between RSA-1 and the PP2A structural subunit, PAA-1. Through genetic screening, we identified a putative interface on the PAA-1 structural subunit that interacts with a defined region of RSA-1/B″. In the context of previously published results, these data propose a mechanism of how different PP2A B-regulatory subunit families can bind the same holoenzyme in a mutually exclusive manner, to perform specific tasks in vivo.
In vivo retention of18F-AV-1451 in corticobasal syndrome.
Smith, Ruben; Schöll, Michael; Widner, Håkan; van Westen, Danielle; Svenningsson, Per; Hägerström, Douglas; Ohlsson, Tomas; Jögi, Jonas; Nilsson, Christer; Hansson, Oskar
To study the usefulness of 18 F-AV-1451 PET in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS). We recruited 8 patients with CBS, 17 controls, 31 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and 11 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from the Swedish BioFINDER study. All patients underwent clinical assessment, 18 F-AV-1451 PET, MRI, and quantification of β-amyloid pathology. A subset of participants also underwent 18 F-FDG-PET. In the 8 patients with CBS, 6 had imaging findings compatible with the corticobasal degeneration pathology and 2 with typical AD pathology. In the 6 patients with CBS without typical AD pathology, there were substantial retentions of 18 F-AV-1451 in the motor cortex, corticospinal tract, and basal ganglia contralateral to the most affected body side. These patients could be clearly distinguished from patients with AD dementia or PSP using 18 F-AV-1451. However, cortical atrophy was more widespread than the cortical retention of 18 F-AV1451 in these CBS cases, and cortical AV-1451 uptake did not correlate with cortical thickness or glucose hypometabolism. These results are in sharp contrast to AD dementia, where 18 F-AV-1451 retention was more widespread than cortical atrophy, and correlated well with cortical thickness and hypometabolism. Patients with CBS without typical AD pathology exhibited AV-1451 retention in the motor cortex, corticospinal tract, and basal ganglia contralateral to the affected body side, clearly different from controls and patients with AD dementia or PSP. However, cortical atrophy measured with MRI and decreased 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake were more widespread than 18 F-AV-1451 uptake and probably represent earlier, yet less specific, markers of CBS. This study provides Class III evidence that 18 F-AV-1451 PET distinguishes between CBS and AD or PSP. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.
[18F]AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Whitwell, Jennifer L; Lowe, Val J; Tosakulwong, Nirubol; Weigand, Stephen D; Senjem, Matthew L; Schwarz, Christopher G; Spychalla, Anthony J; Petersen, Ronald C; Jack, Clifford R; Josephs, Keith A
The [ 18 F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography ligand allows the in vivo assessment of tau proteins in the brain. It shows strong binding in Alzheimer's dementia, but little is known about how it performs in progressive supranuclear palsy, a primary 4R tauopathy. The objectives of this study were to determine whether [ 18 F]AV-1451 uptake can be observed in progressive supranuclear palsy and to characterize the regional distribution when compared with controls and Alzheimer's dementia. [ 18 F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography was performed in 10 patients with probable progressive supranuclear palsy. These patients were age- and gender-matched to 50 controls and 10 Alzheimer's dementia patients who had undergone identical [ 18 F]AV-1451 imaging. Regional comparisons of [ 18 F]AV-1451 uptake were performed across the whole brain using region-of-interest and voxel-level analyses, and correlations between regional [ 18 F]AV-1451 and the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale were assessed. An elevated [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal was observed in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with controls in the pallidum, midbrain, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal regions. Signal in the cerebellar dentate and pallidum were also greater in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with Alzheimer's dementia. Conversely, the [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal across the cortex was higher in Alzheimer's dementia when compared with progressive supranuclear palsy. The [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal in a number of regions correlated with the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale. Progressive supranuclear palsy is associated with an elevated [ 18 F]AV-1451 signal in a characteristic and distinct regional pattern that correlates with disease severity and differs from the patterns observed in Alzheimer's dementia. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
BMP2 expression in the endocardial lineage is required for AV endocardial cushion maturation and remodeling.
Saxon, Jacob G; Baer, Daniel R; Barton, Julie A; Hawkins, Travis; Wu, Bingruo; Trusk, Thomas C; Harris, Stephen E; Zhou, Bin; Mishina, Yuji; Sugi, Yukiko
Distal outgrowth, maturation and remodeling of the endocardial cushion mesenchyme in the atrioventricular (AV) canal are the essential morphogenetic events during four-chambered heart formation. Mesenchymalized AV endocardial cushions give rise to the AV valves and the membranous ventricular septum (VS). Failure of these processes results in several human congenital heart defects. Despite this clinical relevance, the mechanisms governing how mesenchymalized AV endocardial cushions mature and remodel into the membranous VS and AV valves have only begun to be elucidated. The role of BMP signaling in the myocardial and secondary heart forming lineage has been well studied; however, little is known about the role of BMP2 expression in the endocardial lineage. To fill this knowledge gap, we generated Bmp2 endocardial lineage-specific conditional knockouts (referred to as Bmp2 cKO Endo ) by crossing conditionally-targeted Bmp2 flox/flox mice with a Cre-driver line, Nfatc1 Cre , wherein Cre-mediated recombination was restricted to the endocardial cells and their mesenchymal progeny. Bmp2 cKO Endo mouse embryos did not exhibit failure or delay in the initial AV endocardial cushion formation at embryonic day (ED) 9.5-11.5; however, significant reductions in AV cushion size were detected in Bmp2 cKO Endo mouse embryos when compared to control embryos at ED13.5 and ED16.5. Moreover, deletion of Bmp2 from the endocardial lineage consistently resulted in membranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and mitral valve deficiencies, as evidenced by the absence of stratification of mitral valves at birth. Muscular VSDs were not found in Bmp2 cKO Endo mouse hearts. To understand the underlying morphogenetic mechanisms leading to a decrease in cushion size, cell proliferation and cell death were examined for AV endocardial cushions. Phospho-histone H3 analyses for cell proliferation and TUNEL assays for apoptotic cell death did not reveal significant differences between control and
Jämförelse av vertikala accelerationer av järnvägsbroar för höghastighetståg.
Shoaibi, Martin
Under de senaste decennierna parallellt med klimatdiskussionen har det vuxit fram ett stort intresse för höghastighetståg och en förbättrad infrastruktur i Sverige. I delar av Europa men speciellt i Kina och Japan har utvecklingen av höghastighetståg fått ett enormt lyft. Ett problem vid höjda tåghastigheter är att broarna vid en kombination av låg massa och låg egenfrekvens riskerar att orsaka resonans och höga accelerationsnivåer vid passage. Ballastspår är namnet för det traditionella järn...
Nodal recovery, dual pathway physiology, and concealed conduction determine complex AV dynamics in human atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Masè, Michela; Glass, Leon; Disertori, Marcello; Ravelli, Flavia
The genesis of complex ventricular rhythms during atrial tachyarrhythmias in humans is not fully understood. To clarify the dynamics of atrioventricular (AV) conduction in response to a regular high-rate atrial activation, 29 episodes of spontaneous or pacing-induced atrial flutter (AFL), covering a wide range of atrial rates (cycle lengths from 145 to 270 ms), were analyzed in 10 patients. AV patterns were identified by applying firing sequence and surrogate data analysis to atrial and ventricular activation series, whereas modular simulation with a difference-equation AV node model was used to correlate the patterns with specific nodal properties. AV node response at high atrial rate was characterized by 1) AV patterns of decreasing conduction ratios at the shortening of atrial cycle length (from 236.3 ± 32.4 to 172.6 ± 17.8 ms) according to a Farey sequence ordering (conduction ratio from 0.34 ± 0.12 to 0.23 ± 0.06; P AV block patterns occurring during regular atrial tachyarrhythmias. The characterization of AV nodal function during different AFL forms constitutes an intermediate step toward the understanding of complex ventricular rhythms during atrial fibrillation.
Baseline HV-interval predicts complete AV-block secondary to transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Shin, Dong-In; Merx, Marc W; Meyer, Christian; Kirmanoglou, Kiriakos; Hellhammer, Katharina; Ohlig, Jan; Katsani, Dimitra; Zeus, Tobias; Westenfeld, Ralf; Eickholt, Christian; Linke, Axel; Kelm, Malte
Development of AV-block is a frequent complication associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). To date little is known about the predictive value of the HV-interval prior to TAVI with respect to the risk of AV-block development. HV-interval was determined in 25 consecutive elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) before and immediately after TAVI. All patients subsequently underwent TAVI and 8 of these 25 patients (32%) developed complete AV-block during the TAVI procedure requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. Six of these 8 patients (75%) had marked HV prolongation (>54 ms). Pre-procedural HV-interval was significantly prolonged in the subgroup developing complete AV-block (62.1 ms±13.0 vs 49.2 ms±12.9; P=0.029). Prolongation of the HV-interval above 54 ms was associated with a higher rate of complete AV-block (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 77.8%, P=0.01). HV-interval was prolonged in approximately one third of our elderly patients with aortic valve stenosis and associated with a high rate of complete AV-block following TAVI. HV-interval is easily obtained during TAVI screening procedures, thus facilitating identification of patients at risk for complete AV-block due to TAVI and consequently enabling bespoke risk management.
Sampling method, storage and pretreatment of sediment affect AVS concentrations with consequences for bioassay responses
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lange, H.J. de [Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8080, 6700 DD, Wageningen (Netherlands); Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen (Netherlands)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Griethuysen, C. van; Koelmans, A.A. [Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8080, 6700 DD, Wageningen (Netherlands)
Sediment treatment and sediment storage may alter sediment toxicity, and consequently biotic response. Purpose of our study was to combine these three aspects (treatment-toxicity-biotic response) in one integrated approach. We used Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) concentrations as a proxy of the disturbance of the sediment. AVS and Simultaneously Extracted Metal (SEM) concentrations were compared to bioassay responses with the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate Asellus aquaticus. Storage conditions and sediment treatment affected AVS but not SEM levels. AVS can be used as a proxy for sediment disturbance. The best way to pretreat the sediment for use in a bioassay in order to maintain initial AVS conditions was to sample the sediment with an Ekman grab, immediately store it in a jar without headspace, and freeze it as soon as possible. In a survey using seven different sediments, bioassay responses of A. aquaticus were correlated with SEM and AVS characteristics. - Change in AVS is a good proxy for sediment disturbance and combined with SEM it can be used as a suitable predictor for biotic effects of sediment contamination.
Mot en professionalisering av det pedagogiska ledarskapet vid Umeå universitet
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sven B Eriksson
Full Text Available Det pedagogiska ledarskapet inom högre utbildning fokuseras allt mer. Det understryks genom att flera lärosäten föreskriver såväl att pedagogiska ledare ska finnas på olika nivåer, som vilka övergripande uppgifter dessa ska ha. Denna artikel är ett resultat av en fallstudie av hur de tillägnade kunskaperna och färdigheterna från kursen Pedagogiskt ledarskap, en kurs för målgruppen studierektorer/pedagogiskt ansvariga eller motsvarande arrangerad av Universitetspedagogiskt centrum, har bidragit till deltagarnas professionalisering av det pedagogiska ledarskapet ett år efter kursens slut. Fallstudien genomfördes genom gruppintervjuer. Respondenterna uttryckte att de fått ett stärkt självförtroende i rollen som pedagogiska ledare samt att kursen bidrog till en professionalisering av rollen som pedagogiska ledare genom att stärka identiteten, att skapa en början till en handlingsetik bestående av delvis delade värderingar kring det pedagogiska ansvaret samt ge utbildning och träning i färdigheter som har sin grund i teoretisk kunskap. Kursen Pedagogiskt ledarskap ger därmed ett stöd i en process mot en professionalisering av det pedagogiska ledarskapet vid Umeå universitet.
Nye estimater av organdoser til barn ved datatomografi (CT) utført på 1990-tallet i Norge
Toft, Benthe
Bakgrunn: Bruk av datatomografi (CT) har økt i Norge de siste ti årene og står nå for 80 % av befolkningsdosen fra medisinsk bruk av stråling. Det er usikkerhet rundt risikoen ved bruk av ioniserende stråling, særlig knyttet til CT av barn og unge. En stor internasjonal studie (EPI-CT-prosjektet) tar sikte på å skaffe økt kunnskap om risiko for leukemi og hjernekreft forbundet med CT-undersøkelser hos barn og unge. Studiens hensikt: Karlegging av organdoser til barn ved CT-undersøkelser p...
Subcortical18F-AV-1451 binding patterns in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Cho, Hanna; Choi, Jae Yong; Hwang, Mi Song; Lee, Seung Ha; Ryu, Young Hoon; Lee, Myung Sik; Lyoo, Chul Hyoung
Accumulation of cortical and subcortical tau pathology is the primary pathological substrate for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). 18 F-AV-1451, a radiotracer that binds to the pathological tau protein, may be helpful for in vivo visualization and quantitation of tau pathology in PSP. The objectives of this study were to investigate cortical and subcortical 18 F-AV-1451 binding patterns in patients with PSP. We recruited 14 PSP patients and compared their cortical and subcortical binding patterns in 18 F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) studies with those of 15 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 15 healthy controls. In both the PD and PSP groups, subcortical 18 F-AV-1451 binding did not correlate with the severity of motor dysfunctions, and cortical binding did not differ between the controls and each patient group. However, the PSP patients showed greater 18 F-AV-1451 binding in the putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and dentate nucleus when compared with the controls, whereas the PD patients showed lower 18 F-AV-1451 binding in the substantia nigra than controls. The PSP and PD patients showed distinct subcortical 18 F-AV-1451 binding patterns reflecting subcortical tau pathology in PSP and reduced nigral neuromelanin in PD. However, there was no correlation with the severity of motor dysfunction, no cortical regions with increased binding in PSP patients, and variable degrees of subcortical binding even in the controls. Therefore, the 18 F-AV-1451 PET may be less than ideal for assessing tau pathology in PSP. Further studies will be required to validate the clinical correlation and to understand the clinical utility of 18 F-AV-1451 PET for PSP patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Validating novel tau PET tracer [F-18]-AV-1451 (T807) on postmortem brain tissue
Marquie, Marta; Normandin, Marc D.; Vanderburg, Charles R.; Costantino, Isabel; Bien, Elizabeth A.; Rycyna, Lisa G.; Klunk, William E.; Mathis, Chester A.; Ikonomovic, Milos D.; Debnath, Manik L.; Vasdev, Neil; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Gomperts, Stephen N.; Growdon, John H.; Johnson, Keith A.; Frosch, Matthew P.; Hyman, Bradley T.; Gomez-Isla, Teresa
Objective To examine region and substrate-specific autoradiographic and in vitro binding patterns of PET tracer [F-18]-AV-1451 (previously known as T807), tailored to allow in vivo detection of paired helical filament tau-containing lesions, and to determine whether there is off-target binding to other amyloid/non-amyloid proteins. Methods We applied [F-18]-AV-1451 phosphor screen autoradiography, [F-18]-AV-1451 nuclear emulsion autoradiography and [H-3]-AV-1451 in vitro binding assays to the study of postmortem samples from patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP-43, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and elderly controls free of pathology. Results Our data suggest that AV-1451 strongly binds to tau lesions primarily made of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's brains e.g. intra and extraneuronal tangles and dystrophic neurites, but does not seem to bind to a significant extent to neuronal and glial inclusions mainly composed of straight tau filaments in non-Alzheimer tauopathy brains or to β-amyloid, α-synuclein or TDP-43-containing lesions. AV-1451 off-target binding to neuromelanin- and melanin-containing cells and, to a lesser extent, to brain hemorrhagic lesions was identified. Interpretation Our data suggest that AV-1451 holds promise as surrogate marker for the detection of brain tau pathology in the form of tangles and paired helical filament-tau-containing neurites in Alzheimer's brains but also point to its relatively lower affinity for lesions primarily made of straight tau filaments in non-Alzheimer tauopathy cases and to the existence of some AV-1451 off-target binding. These findings provide important insights for interpreting in vivo patterns of [F-18]-AV-1451 retention. PMID:26344059
[18F]AV-1451 tau-PET and primary progressive aphasia.
Josephs, Keith A; Martin, Peter R; Botha, Hugo; Schwarz, Christopher G; Duffy, Joseph R; Clark, Heather M; Machulda, Mary M; Graff-Radford, Jonathan; Weigand, Stephen D; Senjem, Matthew L; Utianski, Rene L; Drubach, Daniel A; Boeve, Bradley F; Jones, David T; Knopman, David S; Petersen, Ronald C; Jack, Clifford R; Lowe, Val J; Whitwell, Jennifer L
To assess [ 18 F]AV-1451 tau-PET (positron emission tomography) uptake patterns across the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants (logopenic, semantic, and agrammatic), examine regional uptake patterns of [ 18 F]AV-1451 independent of clinical diagnosis, and compare the diagnostic utility of [ 18 F]AV-1451, [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxygluclose (FDG)-PET and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to differentiate the PPA variants. We performed statistical parametric mapping of [ 18 F]AV-1451 across 40 PPA patients (logopenic-PPA = 14, semantic-PPA = 13, and agrammatic-PPA = 13) compared to 80 cognitively normal, Pittsburgh compound B-negative controls, age and gender matched 2:1. Principal component analysis of regional [ 18 F]AV-1451 tau-PET standard uptake value ratio was performed to understand underlying patterns of [ 18 F]AV-1451 uptake independent of clinical diagnosis. Penalized multinomial regression analyses were utilized to assess diagnostic utility. Logopenic-PPA showed striking uptake throughout neocortex, particularly temporoparietal, compared to controls, semantic-PPA, and agrammatic-PPA. Semantic-PPA and agrammatic-PPA showed milder patterns of focal [ 18 F]AV-1451 uptake. Semantic-PPA showed elevated uptake (left>right) in anteromedial temporal lobes, compared to controls and agrammatic-PPA. Agrammatic-PPA showed elevated uptake (left>right) throughout prefrontal white matter and in subcortical gray matter structures, compared to controls and semantic-PPA. The principal component analysis of regional [ 18 F]AV-1451 indicated two primary dimensions, a severity dimension that distinguished logopenic-PPA from agrammatic-PPA and semantic-PPA, and a frontal versus temporal contrast that distinguishes agrammatic-PPA and semantic-PPA cases. Diagnostic utility of [ 18 F]AV-1451was superior to MRI and at least equal to FDG-PET. [ 18 F]AV-1451binding characteristics differ across the PPA variants and were excellent at distinguishing between the variants. [ 18
Percepções e sentimentos de adolescentes criados por avós
Paixão, Flávia Juliana Dourado
Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as percepções e os sentimentos de adolescentes criados por avós. Busca-se, especificamente: 1) descrever a percepção dos adolescentes sobre seus avós, seus sentimentos por eles e as relações estabelecidas com os mesmos; 2) descrever como percebem as figuras parentais biológicas, seus sentimentos por eles e suas relações com os mesmos; 3) compreender a experiência dos adolescentes acerca do fato de serem criados pelos avós; e 4) descrever a...
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Parental Stress Scales (PSS)
Kornør, Hege; Richter, Jörg
- Beskrivelse. Parental Stress Scale (PSS) er et spørreskjema med 18 utsagn som foreldre skal besvare for å gi et mål på stressnivå forbundet med det å være foreldre. Instrumentet ble utgitt på engelsk av de amerikanske forskerne Judy O. Berry og Warren H. Jones i 1995. Ane Nærde ved Atferdssenteret står bak den norske oversettelsen. Opplysninger om rettighetshavere foreligger ikke. Tidsbruk og kompetansekrav knyttet til bruk av testen er ukjent. Litteratursøk. Av 51 identifiserte refe...
Evaluering av Brobyggerprosjektet : arbeid overfor unge domfelte menn med somalisk og pakistansk bakgrunn
Gotaas, Nora; Højdahl, Torunn
Brobyggerprosjektet ved Primærmedisinsk verksted var et 3- årig prosjekt rettet inn mot unge domfelte menn med somalisk og pakistansk bakgrunn. Formålet var å prøve ut virkemidler for å styrke den straffedømtes evne til mestring av egen livssituasjon, og å bygge og utvikle sosiale bånd mellom livet innenfor og livet utenfor fengselsmurene. Evalueringen beskriver og vurderer gjennomføringen av prosjektet. NIBRs del av rapporten er rettet inn mot de organisatoriske sidene v...
[Total A-V block due to tuberous sclerosis. A case report].
Valente, N; Guidugli Neto, J; De Paola, A A; Pimenta, J
Tuberous sclerosis is a neurologic disease affecting various organs with a triade: sebaceum adenoma, mental retardation and seizures. This report presents a case of a patient with tuberous sclerosis and third degree A-V block with complete invasive and non-invasive evaluation. The patient had sincope and complete A-V block with QRS complexes showing right bundle branch block morphology. The echocardiogram showed dilated cardiomyopathy with diffuse left ventricular dysfunction and had normal coronary arteriography. The eletrophysiologic evaluation showed complete infra-hisian A-V block and QRS with left bundle branch block pattern with normal sinus nodal and A-V nodal function. It was not possible to induce ventricular tachtyarrhythmias up to two extrastimuli. Histologic study showed normal myocardium under light and electronic microscopy. After permanent VVI pacemaker implant, the patient in follow-up for 16 years. This case seems to be the first in the international medical literature of tuberous sclerosis with complete heart block.
Nätverksövervakning av trådlösa accesspunkter
Heino, Felix
Syftet med examensarbetet är att analysera, implementera och utvärdera metoder för nätverksövervakning av trådlös kommunikationsutrustning i företaget Fibras nätverk. I dag sköts driften av cirka 2300 accesspunkter i Västerås stads trådlösa nätverk av Fibra. I nätverket ingår ett antal Wireless LAN Controller (WLC), vars uppgift är att hantera och konfigurera alla accesspunkter. Varje WLC kan hantera upp till 400 accesspunkter och sköter exempelvis autentiseringen av användarna. Dessutom finn...
En utredning av meddelande-orienterade lager för Twingly
Säll, Robert
Att flera datorer används för att gemensamt lösa problem är inte någonting nytt. Det finns många distribuerade system i bruk och många olika lösningar för hur dessa ska kommunicera med varandra. Vissa använder sig av meddelande-orienterade lager för kommunikation vilket det finns väldigt många implementationer av. RabbitMQ är ett exempel där att kommunikation går genom en (eller ett kluster av) central nod och kommunicerar med hjälp av protokollet Advanced Message Queue Protocol, AMQP. I en h...
Inverkan av alkalisilikareaktion (ASR) på lamelldammars bärförmåga
Norberg, Sara; Sawasa, Hadeel
Dammar är en viktig konstruktion i Sverige och i världen bland annat för vattenförsörjning, reglering av flöden och elproduktion. En expansion på grund av en alkalisilikareaktion (ASR) i en betongdamm kan leda till många problem. Bland annat kan det uppstå läckage av vatten och problem med öppning och stängning av luckor. Mycket forskning har lagts ner på att ta reda på hur ASR påverkar hållfastheten och bärförmågan hos betong. Detta examensarbete syftar till att genom en litteraturstudie vis...
Neurofibromatosis with vertebral artery A-V fistula and cervical meningocele -a case report-
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kim, Yong Joo; Suh, Kyung Jin; Kim, Tae Heon; Kang, Duk Sik; Park, Yeun Mook; Park, June Sik
Arteriovenous fistula is a rare abnormality in patient with neurofibromatosis. A review of English-language literature revealed only 3 reported cases. We report a case of neurofibromatosis with vertebral artery A-V fistula and cervical meningocele
Nettbrettet: Avisbransjens frelser? : En casestudie av nettbrettsatsingen til fire norske mediehus
Ihme, Henrik Albert
Denne oppgavens formål er å sammenfatte satsingen på nettbrettutgaver i Norge, ved å studere mediehusene VG, Dagbladet, Aftenposten og Dagens Næringsliv. Oppgaven er utformet som en casestudie, og inneholder en kvantitativ undersøkelse av mediehusenes utgaver gjennom en uke, samt dybdeintervjuer med sentrale aktører. Satsingen sees i lys av utviklingen i avisbransjen de siste årene, samt teoretiske perspektiver som remediering og disruptiv innovering. Mediehusenes strategi og ulike forretning...
Kvalitetsutvärdering av biomedicin och närliggande huvudområden
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Leffler, Hakon; Fex Svenningsen, Åsa; Emgård, Mia
UKÄ:s utvärdering av biomedicinutbildningar visar på en mycket varierad kvalitet. Nio av 21 utbildningar håller toppklass medan mer än hälften bedöms vara bristande. 21 utbildningar inom biomedicin har satts under lupp. Kvaliteten bedöms som vanligt efter en tregradig skala: mycket hög kvalitet, ...
[18F]AV-1451 binding to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra in PD and PSP.
Coakeley, Sarah; Cho, Sang Soo; Koshimori, Yuko; Rusjan, Pablo; Ghadery, Christine; Kim, Jinhee; Lang, Anthony E; Houle, Sylvain; Strafella, Antonio P
This study investigated binding of [ 18 F]AV-1451 to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). [ 18 F]AV-1451 is a positron emission tomography radiotracer designed to bind pathological tau. A post-mortem study using [ 18 F]AV-1451 discovered off-target binding properties to neuromelanin in the substantia nigra. A subsequent clinical study reported a 30% decrease in [ 18 F]AV-1451 binding in the midbrain of PD patients. A total of 12 patients and 10 healthy age-matched controls were recruited. An anatomical MRI and a 90-min PET scan, using [ 18 F]AV-1451, were acquired from all participants. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) from 60 to 90 min post-injection was calculated for the substantia nigra, using the cerebellar cortex as the reference region. The substantia nigra was delineated using automated region of interest software. An independent samples ANOVA and LSD post hoc testing were used to test for differences in [ 18 F]AV-1451 SUVR between groups. Substantia nigra SUVR from 60 to 90 min was significantly greater in HC compared to both PSP and PD groups. Although the PD group had the lowest SUVR, there was no significant difference in substantia nigra uptake between PD and PSP. [ 18 F]AV-1451 may be the first PET radiotracer capable of imaging neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra in parkinsonisms. Further testing must be done in PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders to support this off-target use of [ 18 F]AV-1451.
Dynamics of AV coupling during human atrial fibrillation: role of atrial rate.
Masè, M; Marini, M; Disertori, M; Ravelli, F
The causal relationship between atrial and ventricular activities during human atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood. This study analyzed the effects of an increase in atrial rate on the link between atrial and ventricular activities during AF. Atrial and ventricular time series were determined in 14 patients during the spontaneous acceleration of the atrial rhythm at AF onset. The dynamic relationship between atrial and ventricular activities was quantified in terms of atrioventricular (AV) coupling by AV synchrogram analysis. The technique identified n:m coupling patterns (n atrial beats in m ventricular cycles), quantifying their percentage, maximal length, and conduction ratio (= m/n). Simulations with a difference-equation AV model were performed to correlate the observed dynamics to specific atrial/nodal properties. The atrial rate increase significantly affected AV coupling and ventricular response during AF. The shortening of atrial intervals from 185 ± 32 to 165 ± 24 ms (P AV patterns with progressively decreasing m/n ratios (from conduction ratio = 0.34 ± 0.09 to 0.29 ± 0.08, P AV block and coupling instability at higher atrial rates were associated with increased ventricular interval variability (from 123 ± 52 to 133 ± 55 ms, P AV pattern transitions and coupling instability in patients were predicted, assuming the filtering of high-rate irregular atrial beats by the slow recovery of nodal excitability. These results support the role of atrial rate in determining AV coupling and ventricular response and may have implications for rate control in AF. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.
[F-18]-AV-1451 binding correlates with postmortem neurofibrillary tangle Braak staging.
Marquié, Marta; Siao Tick Chong, Michael; Antón-Fernández, Alejandro; Verwer, Eline E; Sáez-Calveras, Nil; Meltzer, Avery C; Ramanan, Prianca; Amaral, Ana C; Gonzalez, Jose; Normandin, Marc D; Frosch, Matthew P; Gómez-Isla, Teresa
[F-18]-AV-1451, a PET tracer specifically developed to detect brain neurofibrillary tau pathology, has the potential to facilitate accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), staging of brain tau burden and monitoring disease progression. Recent PET studies show that patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia exhibit significantly higher in vivo [F-18]-AV-1451 retention than cognitively normal controls. Importantly, PET patterns of [F-18]-AV-1451 correlate well with disease severity and seem to match the predicted topographic Braak staging of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD, although this awaits confirmation. We studied the correlation of autoradiographic binding patterns of [F-18]-AV-1451 and the stereotypical spatiotemporal pattern of progression of NFTs using legacy postmortem brain samples representing different Braak NFT stages (I-VI). We performed [F-18]-AV-1451 phosphor-screen autoradiography and quantitative tau measurements (stereologically based NFT counts and biochemical analysis of tau pathology) in three brain regions (entorhinal cortex, superior temporal sulcus and visual cortex) in a total of 22 cases: low Braak (I-II, n = 6), intermediate Braak (III-IV, n = 7) and high Braak (V-VI, n = 9). Strong and selective [F-18]-AV-1451 binding was detected in all tangle-containing regions matching precisely the observed pattern of PHF-tau immunostaining across the different Braak stages. As expected, no signal was detected in the white matter or other non-tangle containing regions. Quantification of [F-18]-AV-1451 binding was very significantly correlated with the number of NFTs present in each brain region and with the total tau and phospho-tau content as reported by Western blot and ELISA. [F-18]-AV-1451 is a promising biomarker for in vivo quantification of brain tau burden in AD. Neuroimaging-pathologic studies conducted on postmortem material from individuals imaged while alive are now needed to confirm these observations.
Utilization of Electrocardiographic P-wave Duration for AV Interval Optimization in Dual-Chamber Pacemakers.
Sorajja, Dan; Bhakta, Mayurkumar D; Scott, Luis Rp; Altemose, Gregory T; Srivathsan, Komandoor
Empiric programming of the atrio-ventricular (AV) delay is commonly performed during pacemaker implantation. Transmitral flow assessment by Doppler echocardiography can be used to find the optimal AV delay by Ritter's method, but this cannot easily be performed during pacemaker implantation. We sought to determine a non-invasive surrogate for this assessment. Since electrocardiographic P-wave duration estimates atrial activation time, we hypothesized this measurement may provide a more appropriate basis for programming AV intervals. A total of 19 patients were examined at the time of dual chamber pacemaker implantation, 13 (68%) being male with a mean age of 77. Each patient had the optimal AV interval determined by Ritter's method. The P-wave duration was measured independently on electrocardiograms using MUSE® Cardiology Information System (version 7.1.1). The relationship between P-wave duration and the optimal AV interval was analyzed. The P-wave duration and optimal AV delay were related by a correlation coefficient of 0.815 and a correction factor of 1.26. The mean BMI was 27. The presence of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and valvular heart disease was 13 (68%), 3 (16%), and 2 (11%) respectively. Mean echocardiographic parameters included an ejection fraction of 58%, left atrial index of 32 ml/m(2), and diastolic dysfunction grade 1 (out of 4). In patients with dual chamber pacemakers in AV sequentially paced mode and normal EF, electrocardiographic P-wave duration correlates to the optimal AV delay by Ritter's method by a factor of 1.26.
Et sosiologisk blikk på mobbing. En teoretisk studie av paradigmet og fenomenet mobbing
Stemland, Linn
Mobbing er et tema som har fått stadig mer oppmerksomhet i samfunnsdebatten. Det er gjort lite sosiologisk forskning omkring fenomenet mobbing. Forskningsfeltet mobbing er i dag konstruert og dominert av psykologiens begreper og forståelse. I denne oppgaven prøver jeg å nærme meg en sosiologisk forståelse av begrepet og fenomenet mobbing.
Adaptationer av Esaias Tegnérs Frithiofs saga
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nordenfors, Ola
Tegnérs versepos över urnordiska myter hade länge ett starkt om den nordiska läsande allmänheten - därtill starkt understött av Bernhard Crusells omtyckta tonsättningar av dikterna. Men också i Tyskland har Frithiofs saga haft en påfallande genomslagskraft. I uppsatsen granskas särskilt tonsättar...
Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast).
Hutchinson, Mark R; Lewis, Susannah S; Coats, Benjamen D; Skyba, David A; Crysdale, Nicole Y; Berkelhammer, Debra L; Brzeski, Anita; Northcutt, Alexis; Vietz, Christine M; Judd, Charles M; Maier, Steven F; Watkins, Linda R; Johnson, Kirk W
Morphine-induced glial proinflammatory responses have been documented to contribute to tolerance to opioid analgesia. Here, we examined whether drugs previously shown to suppress glial proinflammatory responses can alter other clinically relevant opioid effects; namely, withdrawal or acute analgesia. AV411 (ibudilast) and minocycline, drugs with distinct mechanisms of action that result in attenuation of glial proinflammatory responses, each reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Analysis of brain nuclei associated with opioid withdrawal revealed that morphine altered expression of glial activation markers, cytokines, chemokines, and a neurotrophic factor. AV411 attenuated many of these morphine-induced effects. AV411 also protected against spontaneous withdrawal-induced hyperactivity and weight loss recorded across a 12-day timecourse. Notably, in the spontaneous withdrawal study, AV411 treatment was delayed relative to the start of the morphine regimen so to also test whether AV411 could still be effective in the face of established morphine dependence, which it was. AV411 did not simply attenuate all opioid effects, as co-administering AV411 with morphine or oxycodone caused three-to-five-fold increases in acute analgesic potency, as revealed by leftward shifts in the analgesic dose response curves. Timecourse analyses revealed that plasma morphine levels were not altered by AV411, suggestive that potentiated analgesia was not simply due to prolongation of morphine exposure or increased plasma concentrations. These data support and extend similar potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by minocycline, again providing converging lines of evidence of glial involvement. Hence, suppression of glial proinflammatory responses can significantly reduce opioid withdrawal, while improving analgesia.
Helhetsorienterad utvärdering av kollektivtrafikåtgärder
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hiselius, Lena Winslott; Barfod, Michael Bruhn; Leleur, Steen
Under hösten 2008 och våren 2009 har forskare vid Avd. Trafik och väg vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola, DTU Transport vid Danmarks Tekniska Universitet samt National-ekonomiska institutionen vid Lunds Universitet genomfört ett forskningsprojekt med syfte att studera tillämpningen av en sammansatt...... (helhetsorienterad) analys av kollektiv-trafikåtgärder....
Simplified Cardioneuroablation in the Treatment of Reflex Syncope, Functional AV Block, and Sinus Node Dysfunction.
Aksu, Tolga; Golcuk, Ebru; Yalin, Kivanç; Guler, Tümer Erdem; Erden, Ismail
Cardio neuroablation (CNA) is a lesser-known technique for management of patients with excessive vagal activation on the basis of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of the areas related to the three main autonomic ganglia around the heart. We investigated the effectiveness of selective and/or stepwise RFCA of these areas via right atrium (RA) and/or left atrium (LA) in the patients with recurrent syncope due to excessive vagal activity. Twenty-two patients presenting symptomatic functional bradyarrhythmias, neurally mediated reflex syncope (NMS), symptomatic atrioventricular (AV) block, and symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND; number = 8, 7, 7, respectively) were enrolled. The three main paracardiac ganglia were targeted via RA and LA in the patients with NMS and SND. The procedure was performed via RA in the patients with AV block, followed by RFCA of all ganglia via LA, if AV conduction disorder persists. The sites showing fragmented potentials were identified by electrical mapping and verified by high-frequency stimulation and ablated until atrial electrical potential was completely eliminated (AV block. Despite the increased heart rate, the resolution of AV block after the RFCA could not be achieved in one patient who had partial resolution with atropine infusion on admission. CNA may be an alternative and safe strategy to reduce NMS episodes, and to treat functional AV block and symptomatic SND, especially in young patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BMP-2 induces versican and hyaluronan that contribute to post-EMT AV cushion cell migration.
Inai, Kei; Burnside, Jessica L; Hoffman, Stanley; Toole, Bryan P; Sugi, Yukiko
Distal outgrowth and maturation of mesenchymalized endocardial cushions are critical morphogenetic events during post-EMT atrioventricular (AV) valvuloseptal morphogenesis. We explored the role of BMP-2 in the regulation of valvulogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) components, versican and hyaluronan (HA), and cell migration during post-EMT AV cushion distal outgrowth/expansion. We observed intense staining of versican and HA in AV cushion mesenchyme from the early cushion expansion stage, Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage-17 to the cushion maturation stage, HH stage-29 in the chick. Based on this expression pattern we examined the role of BMP-2 in regulating versican and HA using 3D AV cushion mesenchymal cell (CMC) aggregate cultures on hydrated collagen gels. BMP-2 induced versican expression and HA deposition as well as mRNA expression of versican and Has2 by CMCs in a dose dependent manner. Noggin, an antagonist of BMP, abolished BMP-2-induced versican and HA as well as mRNA expression of versican and Has2. We further examined whether BMP-2-promoted cell migration was associated with expression of versican and HA. BMP-2- promoted cell migration was significantly impaired by treatments with versican siRNA and HA oligomer. In conclusion, we provide evidence that BMP-2 induces expression of versican and HA by AV CMCs and that these ECM components contribute to BMP-2-induced CMC migration, indicating critical roles for BMP-2 in distal outgrowth/expansion of mesenchymalized AV cushions.
BMP-2 induces versican and hyaluronan that contribute to post-EMT AV cushion cell migration.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kei Inai
Full Text Available Distal outgrowth and maturation of mesenchymalized endocardial cushions are critical morphogenetic events during post-EMT atrioventricular (AV valvuloseptal morphogenesis. We explored the role of BMP-2 in the regulation of valvulogenic extracellular matrix (ECM components, versican and hyaluronan (HA, and cell migration during post-EMT AV cushion distal outgrowth/expansion. We observed intense staining of versican and HA in AV cushion mesenchyme from the early cushion expansion stage, Hamburger and Hamilton (HH stage-17 to the cushion maturation stage, HH stage-29 in the chick. Based on this expression pattern we examined the role of BMP-2 in regulating versican and HA using 3D AV cushion mesenchymal cell (CMC aggregate cultures on hydrated collagen gels. BMP-2 induced versican expression and HA deposition as well as mRNA expression of versican and Has2 by CMCs in a dose dependent manner. Noggin, an antagonist of BMP, abolished BMP-2-induced versican and HA as well as mRNA expression of versican and Has2. We further examined whether BMP-2-promoted cell migration was associated with expression of versican and HA. BMP-2- promoted cell migration was significantly impaired by treatments with versican siRNA and HA oligomer. In conclusion, we provide evidence that BMP-2 induces expression of versican and HA by AV CMCs and that these ECM components contribute to BMP-2-induced CMC migration, indicating critical roles for BMP-2 in distal outgrowth/expansion of mesenchymalized AV cushions.
Co-existence of COPD and bronchiectasis: a risk factor for a high ratio of main pulmonary artery to aorta diameter (PA:A from computed tomography in COPD patients
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dou S
Full Text Available Shuang Dou,1 Chunyan Zheng,1 Xiuli Ji,2 Wei Wang,1 Mengshuang Xie,1 Liwei Cui,1 Wei Xiao1 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Pulmonary Disease, Jinan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China Background: Pulmonary vascular disease, especially pulmonary hypertension, is an important complication of COPD. Bronchiectasis is considered not only a comorbidity of COPD, but also a risk factor for vascular diseases. The main pulmonary artery to aorta diameter ratio (PA:A ratio has been found to be a reliable indicator of pulmonary vascular disease. It is hypothesized that the co-existence of COPD and bronchiectasis may be associated with relative pulmonary artery enlargement (PA:A ratio >1.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled COPD patients from 2012 through 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Bhalla score was used to determine the severity of bronchiectasis. Patient characteristics were analyzed in two ways: the high (PA:A >1 and low (PA:A ≤1 ratio groups; and COPD with and without bronchiectasis groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for high PA:A ratios.Results: In this study, 480 COPD patients were included, of whom 168 had radiographic bronchiectasis. Patients with pulmonary artery enlargement presented with poorer nutrition (albumin, 35.6±5.1 vs 38.3±4.9, P<0.001, lower oxygen partial pressure (74.4±34.5 vs 81.3±25.4, P<0.001, more severe airflow obstruction (FEV1.0, 0.9±0.5 vs 1.1±0.6, P=0.004, and a higher frequency of bronchiectasis (60% vs 28.8%, P<0.001 than patients in the low ratio group. Patients with both COPD and bronchiectasis had higher levels of systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, P<0.001 and fibrinogen, P=0.006 and PA:A ratios (P<0.001. A higher PA:A ratio was significantly closely correlated with a higher Bhalla score (r=0.412, P<0
Synthesis, surface modification/decoration of luminescent–magnetic core/shell nanomaterials, based on the lanthanide doped fluorides (Fe3O4/SiO2/NH2/PAA/LnF3)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Runowski, Marcin; Lis, Stefan
The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (10–15 nm) were successfully coated with amine modified silica nanoshell, which led to the formation of core/shell type nanostructures (30–50 nm). The as-prepared nanoparticles were surface modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) via electrostatic interactions of –NH 2 and –COOH groups. Afterwards, the surface PAA molecules acted as complexing agents of the introduced lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) ions. Subsequently, the as-prepared nanostructures were surface decorated with luminescent LnF 3 nanoparticles, forming Eu 3+ or Tb 3+ doped Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /NH 2 /PAA/LnF 3 nanomaterials (50–100 nm). The obtained luminescent–magnetic products exhibited simultaneously bright red or green emission under UV lamp irradiation (λ ex =254 nm), and a response for the applied magnetic field (strong magnet attracts the colloidal particles, dispersed in aqueous medium). After the synthesis, properties of the nanomaterials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and spectrofluorometry (analysis of excitation/emission spectra and luminescence decay curves). Such advanced nanomaterials can be potentially used in multimodal imaging, targeted therapies and as multifunctional contrast agents, novel luminescent–magnetic tracers, protection of documents, etc. - Highlights: • Luminescent–magnetic nanomaterials Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /NH 2 /PAA/LnF 3 were synthesized. • Core/shell nanostructures were obtained by surface modification of nanoparticles. • Luminescent lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles doped with Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions. • Multifunctional core/shell nanostructures exhibited red or green emission. • Nanomaterials formed stable aqueous colloids.
Whether noninvasive optimization of AV and VV delays improves the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Urbanek, Bożena; Chudzik, Michał; Klimczak, Artur; Rosiak, Marcin; Lewek, Joanna; Wranicz, Jerzy Krzysztof
Device optimization is not routinely performed in patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation. Noninvasive optimization of CRT devices by measurement of cardiac output (CO) can be used as a simple method to assess ventricular systolic performance. The aim of this study was to assess whether optimization of atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delay can improve hemodynamic response to CRT and whether this optimization should be performed for each patient individually. Twenty patients with advanced heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% and left bundle branch block (QRS ≥ 120 ms) in sinus rhythm were evaluated from 24 h to 48 h after implantation of a CRT device by means of impedance cardiography (ICG). CO was first measured at each patient's intrinsic rhythm. Patients then underwent adjustments of AV and VV delay from 80 ms to 140 ms and from -60 ms to +60 ms, respectively in 20 ms increment steps and CO at each setting was measured by ICG. Both AV and VV delays were programmed according to the greatest improvement in CO compared to intrinsic rhythm. There was a statistically signifi cant increase in CO measured at the intrinsic rhythm compared to different AV delay by mean of 21% (3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.6 ± 0.1 L/min, p AV/VV delays with left ventricle-preexcitation or simultaneous biventricular pacing caused additional increased CO from intrinsic rhythm by mean of 32.6% (3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.04 ± ± 1.0 L/min, p AV/VV setting delays also resulted in improved hemodynamic responses compared to VV factory setting delay. Both AV and VV delay optimization should be performed in clinical practice. Optimal AV delay improved outcome. However, combination of optimized AV/VV delays provided the best hemodynamic response. Optimized AV/VV delays with left ventricle-preexcitation or simultaneous biventricular pacing increased hemodynamic output compared to intrinsic
Güneydoğu Marmara'da Algarna ile Karides Avcılığında Av Kompozisyonu ve Hedef Dışı Av.
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Yusuf Kenan Bayhan
Full Text Available Bir yıl süre ile yürütülen bu çalışma, Kasım 2000 - Ekim 2001 tarihleri arasında Güneydoğu Marmara'da gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, algarna ile avcılıkta hedef tür olan derin su pembe karidesi (Parapenaeus longirostris'in ağırlık ve sayısal miktarları ile bunun dışındaki av kompozisyonu, türlerin boy dağılımları ve toplam av içerisindeki sayısal oranları araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çekimler sonucunda, toplam avın sayısal olarak % 64.5'ni hedef tür olan Parapenaeus longirostris, % 35.5'ini hedef dışı av oluşturmuştur. 50 türün bulunduğu hedef dışı avın % 17.16'sını Kemikli balıklar (Osteichthyes, % 8.58'ini Kabuklular (Crustacea-Decapoda, % 4.94'ünü Derisi Dikenliler (Echinodermata, % 2.53'ünü Yumuşakçalar (Mollusca, % 2.14'ünü Cnidaria ve % 0.13'ünü kıkırdaklı balıklar (Chondrichthyes oluşturmuş, toplam av içerisinde Parapenaeus longirostris'in dışında sayısal olarak en çok yakalanan türlerin başında ise Kaya balığı, Mezgit, Kancaağız pisi, Yengeç, Deniz yıldızı ve Deniz hıyarı'nın geldiği belirlenmiştir
A 2:1 AV rhythm: an adverse effect of a long AV delay during DDI pacing and its prevention by the ventricular intrinsic preference algorithm in DDD mode.
Minamiguchi, Hitoshi; Oginosawa, Yasushi; Kohno, Ritsuko; Tamura, Masahito; Takeuchi, Masaaki; Otsuji, Yutaka; Abe, Haruhiko
A 91-year-old woman received a dual-chamber pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome and intermittently abnormal atrioventricular (AV) conduction. The pacemaker was set in DDI mode with a 350-ms AV delay to preserve intrinsic ventricular activity. She complained of palpitation during AV sequential pacing. The electrocardiogram showed a 2:1 AV rhythm from 1:1 ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction during ventricular pacing in DDI mode with a long AV interval. After reprogramming of the pacemaker in DDD mode with a 250-ms AV interval and additional 100-ms prolongation of the AV interval by the ventricular intrinsic preference function, VA conduction disappeared and the patient's symptom were alleviated without increasing unnecessary right ventricular pacing. ©2011, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated rate-dependent and dual pathway AV nodal functions: principles and assessment framework.
Billette, Jacques; Tadros, Rafik
The atrioventricular (AV) node conducts slowly and has a long refractory period. These features sustain the filtering of atrial impulses and hence are often modulated to optimize ventricular rate during supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The AV node is also the site of a clinically common reentrant arrhythmia. Its function is assessed for a variety of purposes from its responses to a premature protocol (S1S2, test beats introduced at different cycle lengths) repeatedly performed at different basic rates and/or to an incremental pacing protocol (increasingly faster rates). Puzzlingly, resulting data and interpretation differ with protocols as well as with chosen recovery and refractory indexes, and are further complicated by the presence of built-in fast and slow pathways. This problem applies to endocavitary investigations of arrhythmias as well as to many experimental functional studies. This review supports an integrated framework of rate-dependent and dual pathway AV nodal function that can account for these puzzling characteristics. The framework was established from AV nodal responses to S1S2S3 protocols that, compared with standard S1S2 protocols, allow for an orderly quantitative dissociation of the different factors involved in changes in AV nodal conduction and refractory indexes under rate-dependent and dual pathway function. Although largely based on data from experimental studies, the proposed framework may well apply to the human AV node. In conclusion, the rate-dependent and dual pathway properties of the AV node can be integrated within a common functional framework the contribution of which to individual responses can be quantitatively determined with properly designed protocols and analytic tools.
A Practical ECG Criterion to Unmask Left Accessory AV Connections in Patients With Subtle Preexcitation.
Thompson, J Jenkins; Shah, Jignesh; Charnigo, Richard; Tackett, Andrea; Darrat, Yousef H; Bailey, Alison; Delisle, Brian; Kakavand, Bahram; DI Biase, Luigi; Natale, Andrea; Morales, Gustavo; Elayi, Claude S
Accessory AV-connections capable of antegrade conduction need to be recognized because of the potential for life-threatening arrhythmias. However, the preexcited ECG pattern may be subtle, especially among left-sided AV-connections. We explored whether additional ECG criteria might help identify left-sided AV-connections. We analyzed 156 patients who underwent an electrophysiology study (EPS) and ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT). Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with left-sided AV-connections (Group 1) and all other PSVT (Group 2). Various ECG parameters were compared before and after ablation in both groups. The EPS identified left-sided AV-connections among 43 patients (Group 1) and excluded it among 113 (Group 2). Baseline ECG in Group 1 demonstrated obvious preexcitation among 24/43 patients (55.8%), the remaining 19/43 missing obvious preexcitation. R/S ratio > 0.5 in V1 was noted in 38/43 (88.4%) patients in Group 1 before ablation (median 1.00; IQR 0.58-2.20), including 16/19 (84.2%) patients lacking obvious left-sided AVconnections. Conversely, only 10/113 (8.8%) patients in Group 2 had R/S ratios in V1 ≥ 0.5 (0.20; 0.10-0.31), P AV-connections (sensitivity 93.0%). The negative predictive value of this combined criterion was 103/106 (97.2%). In symptomatic patients, combining the R/S ratio (≥ 0.5) in lead V1 with the classic preexcitation pattern on ECG markedly improved the sensitivity to diagnose left-sided AV-connections. This ratio may be particularly useful among patients lacking obvious preexcitation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel curve fitting method for AV optimisation of biventricular pacemakers.
Dehbi, Hakim-Moulay; Jones, Siana; Sohaib, S M Afzal; Finegold, Judith A; Siggers, Jennifer H; Stegemann, Berthold; Whinnett, Zachary I; Francis, Darrel P
In this study, we designed and tested a new algorithm, which we call the 'restricted parabola', to identify the optimum atrioventricular (AV) delay in patients with biventricular pacemakers. This algorithm automatically restricts the hemodynamic data used for curve fitting to the parabolic zone in order to avoid inadvertently selecting an AV optimum that is too long.We used R, a programming language and software environment for statistical computing, to create an algorithm which applies multiple different cut-offs to partition curve fitting of a dataset into a parabolic and a plateau region and then selects the best cut-off using a least squares method. In 82 patients, AV delay was adjusted and beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured non-invasively using our multiple-repetition protocol. The novel algorithm was compared to fitting a parabola across the whole dataset to identify how many patients had a plateau region, and whether a higher hemodynamic response was achieved with one method.In 9/82 patients, the restricted parabola algorithm detected that the pattern was not parabolic at longer AV delays. For these patients, the optimal AV delay predicted by the restricted parabola algorithm increased SBP by 1.36 mmHg above that predicted by the conventional parabolic algorithm (95% confidence interval: 0.65 to 2.07 mmHg, p-value = 0.002).AV optima selected using our novel restricted parabola algorithm give a greater improvement in acute hemodynamics than fitting a parabola across all tested AV delays. Such an algorithm may assist the development of automated methods for biventricular pacemaker optimisation.
Nye estimater av organdoser til barn ved datatomografi (CT) utført på 1990-tallet i Norge
Toft, Benthe
Masteroppgave i Folkehelsevitenskap ved Institutt for plante- og miljøvitenskap. 30 studiepoeng. Bakgrunn: Bruk av datatomografi (CT) har økt i Norge de siste ti årene og står nå for 80 % av befolkningsdosen fra medisinsk bruk av stråling. Det er usikkerhet rundt risikoen ved bruk av ioniserende stråling, særlig knyttet til CT av barn og unge. En stor internasjonal studie (EPI-CT-prosjektet) tar sikte på å skaffe økt kunnskap om risiko for leukemi og hjernekreft forbundet med CT-undersøkel...
Etnobotánica del "coro" (Nicotiana paa, Solanaceae: Un tabaco silvestre poco conocido del extremo sur de Sudamérica
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Gustavo F. Scarpa
Full Text Available El "coro" es un tabaco silvestre de Argentina y Chile cuyas raíces son empleadas como fumatorio y mascatorio desde tiempos inmemoriales por grupos indígenas. Si bien existen noticias sobre su empleo desde la época colonial, en la actualidad no hay consenso sobre su identidad botánica a la par que sus modalidades de obtención, procesado y consumo han sido escasamente descriptas. Se efectuaron campañas etnobotánicas al sudoeste de la provincia del Chaco donde se colectaron ejemplares que responden a dicho nombre vernáculo en compañía de indígenas y se analizaron fuentes bibliográficas históricas disponibles. Se comprobó in situ que los mocovíes actualmente fuman sus raíces mezcladas con tabaco tanto en contextos ceremoniales como extra-ceremoniales. Como resultado del análisis bibliográfico se infiere que también lo emplearon en el pasado de manera homóloga indígenas vilelas, qom (tobas; wichi y abipones. Se descarta la correspondencia del "coro" con especies de Trichocline por la inexistencia de registros etnobotánicos al respecto. Se confirma que este fumatorio corresponde a Nicotiana paa Mart. rov. y se presentan y discuten nuevos datos sobre su obtención, procesamiento y consumo.
Study of the influence of the codopant over the photoluminescent properties of PAA doped with Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Flores, M.; Arroyo, R.
The results are presented obtained about the synthesis of acrylic poly acid characterization (PAA) doped with Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ and Tb 3+ . They got ready materials with even of these ions and it was studied the influence of the co dopant in the processes of emission of Eu 3+ (λ em = 618 nm), Gd 3+ (λ em = 624 nm) and Tb 3+ (λ em = 546 nm), as well as their effect in the phosphorescence (λ em = 450 nm) of the polymeric matrix. It was found that the intensity of the emission of Eu 3+ diminishes substantially due to the presence of the ions Gd 3+ , contrary to what happens when the co dopant is Tb 3+ , which causes an increase. In the one case of the emission of Tb 3+ , this it increases with the presence of Gd 3+ but it diminishes when Eu 3+ is present. These results are consequence of the homogeneous distribution of those dopants and of the phenomena of energy transfer that happen in the materials synthesized. (Author)
Synthesis of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles by self-assembling reverse micelle cores of PS-b-PAA for functional textile applications
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Akpolat, Leyla Budama; Çakır, Burçin Acar; Topel, Önder, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Hoda, Numan, E-mail: email@example.com
Highlights: • TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized within poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) micelles. • The copolymer solution including nano TiO{sub 2} was coated onto textile fabrics. • UV-protective factor of nano TiO{sub 2} coated fabrics was estimated as 50+. • Nano TiO{sub 2} coated fabrics was found to exhibit a high photocatalytic activity. - Abstract: Titanium dioxide (i.e., titanium(IV) oxide, TiO{sub 2}) nanoparticles have been fabricated using a copolymer templating technique in micellar solution of poly(styrene)-block-poly(acrylic acid), PS(10912)-b-PAA(4842) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The size and morphology of the synthesized TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles have been characterized via TEM and XRD measurements. The average size of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles was determined as 13 ± 3 and 13 ± 4 nm for titanium:copolymer ratios of 20:1 and 33:1, respectively. The copolymer solution including nano TiO{sub 2} particles has been coated onto textile fabrics to enhance their UV-blocking and self-cleaning properties. It has been determined that nano TiO{sub 2} coated textile fabrics have very good UV-blocking properties with 50+ of the ultraviolet protecting factor (UPF) and high photocatalytic efficiency with 69.2% of the photodegradation of methylene blue.
AV interval optimization using pressure volume loops in dual chamber pacemaker patients with maintained systolic left ventricular function.
Eberhardt, Frank; Hanke, Thorsten; Fitschen, Joern; Heringlake, Matthias; Bode, Frank; Schunkert, Heribert; Wiegand, Uwe K H
Atrioventricular (AV) interval optimization is often deemed too time-consuming in dual-chamber pacemaker patients with maintained LV function. Thus the majority of patients are left at their default AV interval. To quantify the magnitude of hemodynamic improvement following AV interval optimization in chronically paced dual chamber pacemaker patients. A pressure volume catheter was placed in the left ventricle of 19 patients with chronic dual chamber pacing and an ejection fraction >45 % undergoing elective coronary angiography. AV interval was varied in 10 ms steps from 80 to 300 ms, and pressure volume loops were recorded during breath hold. The average optimal AV interval was 152 ± 39 ms compared to 155 ± 8 ms for the average default AV interval (range 100-240 ms). The average improvement in stroke work following AV interval optimization was 935 ± 760 mmHg/ml (range 0-2,908; p AV interval changes the average stroke work by 207 ± 162 mmHg/ml. AV interval optimization also leads to improved systolic dyssynchrony indices (17.7 ± 7.0 vs. 19.4 ± 7.1 %; p = 0.01). The overall hemodynamic effect of AV interval optimization in patients with maintained LV function is in the same range as for patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy for several parameters. The positive effect of AV interval optimization also applies to patients who have been chronically paced for years.
Den blivande förskollärarens formering. En studie av verksamhetsförlagda handledningssamtal, argumentationstraditioner och metaforik
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Marie-Louise Hjort
Full Text Available I denna studie analyserar vi hur erfarna förskollärare i rollen som handledare introducerar förskollärarstudenter i professionen. Studien genomförs mot bakgrund av ett delvis nytt uppdrag som förskolan fått under senare år, som bland annat yttrar sig i att förskolan nu är en del av utbildningssystemet. Med utgångspunkt i det teoretiska begreppet argumentationstraditioner och genom att analysera metaforiken i deltagarnas resonerande, studeras hur erfarna och blivande förskollärare navigerar spänningar centrala för professionen. Deltagarnas betoning av vissa argumentationstraditioner och användningen av viss metaforik diskuteras i termer av vad de implicerar för utvecklingen av de barn som deltar i en förskoleverksamhet som formas av dessa.
18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Passamonti, Luca; Vázquez Rodríguez, Patricia; Hong, Young T; Allinson, Kieren S J; Williamson, David; Borchert, Robin J; Sami, Saber; Cope, Thomas E; Bevan-Jones, W Richard; Jones, P Simon; Arnold, Robert; Surendranathan, Ajenthan; Mak, Elijah; Su, Li; Fryer, Tim D; Aigbirhio, Franklin I; O'Brien, John T; Rowe, James B
The ability to assess the distribution and extent of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy in vivo would help to develop biomarkers for these tauopathies and clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies. New radioligands for positron emission tomography have generated considerable interest, and controversy, in their potential as tau biomarkers. We assessed the radiotracer 18F-AV-1451 with positron emission tomography imaging to compare the distribution and intensity of tau pathology in 15 patients with Alzheimer's pathology (including amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment), 19 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 13 age- and sex-matched controls. Regional analysis of variance and a support vector machine were used to compare and discriminate the clinical groups, respectively. We also examined the 18F-AV-1451 autoradiographic binding in post-mortem tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and a control case to assess the 18F-AV-1451 binding specificity to Alzheimer's and non-Alzheimer's tau pathology. There was increased 18F-AV-1451 binding in multiple regions in living patients with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy relative to controls [main effect of group, F(2,41) = 17.5, P AV-1451 binding was significantly increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, relative to patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and with control subjects, in the hippocampus and in occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal cortices (t's > 2.2, P's AV-1451 binding was elevated in the midbrain (t = 2.1, P AV-1451 uptake in the putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain, and in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (t's > 2.7, P's AV-1451 strongly bound to Alzheimer-related tau pathology, but less specifically in progressive supranuclear palsy. 18F-AV-1451 binding to the basal ganglia was strong in all groups in vivo. Postmortem histochemical staining showed absence of
Kjøring med mistanke om påvirkning av andre rusmidler enn alkohol
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Asbjørg S. Christophersen
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGStatens rettstoksikologiske institutt har i løpet av de siste år registrert en stor økning av prøver fra bilføreremistenkt for kjøring under påvirkning av andre rusmidler enn alkohol. Antall positive saker økte 42% fra1994 til 1995. De hyppigste påviste stoffer er tetrahydrocannabinol, amfetamin, benzodiazepiner og opiater(morfin/kodein. Bruk av tyngre narkotiske stoffer har blitt mer vanlig i trafikksammenheng og antall positivetilfeller har økt betydelig mer enn totalt antall saker. Fra 1994 til 1995 økte antall positive amfetaminprøvermed 75% (fra 533 til 937 og antall positive prøver som følge av heroininntak økte med 87% (fra 92 til 172.Bruk av flere stoffer samtidig er vanlig, over 60 % av sakene i 1995 var positive på mer enn ett stoff, alkoholikke medregnet. De fleste tilfeller var representert av menn i alderen 25-32 år (37%. Kvinner var representerti ca. 11% av sakene.Christophersen AS, Skurtveit S, Mørland J. Drivers suspected to drive under the influence of drugs otherthan alcohol. Nor J Epidemiol 1996; 6 (1: 45-48.ENGLISH SUMMARYThe National Institute of Forensic Toxicology has registered a large increase in the number of samples fromdrivers suspected to drive under influence of drugs other than alcohol. The number of drug positive casesincreased 42% from 1994 to 1995. The most frequent drugs detected are tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine,benzodiazepines and opiates (morphine/codeine. The frequency of hard narcotic drug use has increased morethan the total number of cases. From 1994 to 1995, the number of amphetamine positive samples increased75% (from 533 to 937 and the number of samples positive due to heroin use (detection of the metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine increased 87%. Multi-drug use is common and more than one drug wasdetected in more than 60% of the cases from 1995, alcohol not included. Most of the cases were representedby men 25-32 years old (37%. Women were represented in about
sugE: A gene involved in tributyltin (TBT) resistance of Aeromonas molluscorum Av27.
Cruz, Andreia; Micaelo, Nuno; Félix, Vitor; Song, Jun-Young; Kitamura, Shin-Ichi; Suzuki, Satoru; Mendo, Sónia
The mechanism of bacterial resistance to tributyltin (TBT) is still unclear. The results herein presented contribute to clarify that mechanism in the TBT-resistant bacterium Aeromonas molluscorum Av27. We have identified and cloned a new gene that is involved in TBT resistance in this strain. The gene is highly homologous (84%) to the Aeromonas hydrophila-sugE gene belonging to the small multidrug resistance gene family (SMR), which includes genes involved in the transport of lipophilic drugs. In Av27, expression of the Av27-sugE was observed at the early logarithmic growth phase in the presence of a high TBT concentration (500 μM), thus suggesting the contribution of this gene for TBT resistance. E. coli cells transformed with Av27-sugE become resistant to ethidium bromide (EtBr), chloramphenicol (CP) and tetracycline (TE), besides TBT. According to the Moriguchi logP (miLogP) values, EtBr, CP and TE have similar properties and are substrates for the sugE-efflux system. Despite the different miLogP of TBT, E. coli cells transformed with Av27-sugE become resistant to this compound. So it seems that TBT is also a substrate for the SugE protein. The modelling studies performed also support this hypothesis. The data herein presented clearly indicate that sugE is involved in TBT resistance of this bacterium.
Context-Aware UPnP-AV Services for Adaptive Home Multimedia Systems
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Roland Tusch
Full Text Available One possibility to provide mobile multimedia in domestic multimedia systems is the use of Universal Plug and Play Audio Visual (UPnP-AV devices. In a standard UPnP-AV scenario, multimedia content provided by a Media Server device is streamed to Media Renderer devices by the initiation of a Control Point. However, there is no provisioning of context-aware multimedia content customization. This paper presents an enhancement of standard UPnP-AV services for home multimedia environments regarding context awareness. It comes up with context profile definitions, shows how this context information can be queried from the Media Renderers, and illustrates how a Control Point can use this information to tailor a media stream from the Media Server to one or more Media Renderers. Moreover, since a standard Control Point implementation only queries one Media Server at a time, there is no global view on the content of all Media Servers in the UPnP-AV network. This paper also presents an approach of multimedia content integration on the Media Server side that provides fast search for content on the network. Finally, a number of performance measurements show the overhead costs of our enhancements to UPnP-AV in order to achieve the benefits.
Handelsbankens användande av CRM -Är det lönsamt?
Salman Kanbar, Ahmad
Frågeställning: På vilket sätt används CRM av Handelsbanken och hur påverkar det bankens lönsamhet? Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att kunna öka kunskapen om hur Handelsbanken tillämpar CRM och för att undersöka om användandet av CRM i bankens verksamhet är lönsamt eller inte. Metod: För att svara på studiens syfte blev en intervju utförd med Handelsbanken. Ännu en anledning till varför en intervju gjordes var på grund av att det var nödvändigt för att få det primärdata som behövdes och fö...
Miljöanalys av arbetsmoment i vägprojekt
Sahlin, Jonathan; Jakobsson, Mattias
Klimatpåverkan och energiförbrukning är ett av de stora miljöproblemen runt om i världen idag. Sedan den industriella revolutionens start har mängden utsläpp av bland annat koldioxid ökat exponentiellt med årens lopp och skapat obalans i klimatet, inte minst på grund av restprodukter och skadliga ämnen som används inom bland annat byggindustrin. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på vilka arbetsmoment som har störst påverkan på miljön för att sedan, om möjligt, ta fram förslag på hur det ...
FastVDO enhancements of the AV1 codec and comparison to HEVC and JVET codecs
Topiwala, Pankaj; Dai, Wei; Krishnan, Madhu
This paper describes a study to investigate possible ways to improve the AV1 codec, in several directions, most particularly in the context of 10-bit HDR video content, and 8/10 bit image content. Applications to SDR video, and 360 content are discussed elsewhere. For HDR content, a data adaptive grading technique in conjunction with the AV1 codec is studied. For image content, lapped biorthogonal transforms for (near) lossless compression is studied. For scalability-type applications, we introduce advanced resampling filters which outperform current ones. It is asserted that useful improvements are possible in each of these categories. In particular, substantial value is offered in the coding of HDR content, very competitive with HEVC HDR10, in a coding framework offering backwards compatibility with SDR. We also provide a rudimentary comparison of AV1 to the standard HEVC as well as the developing JVET codecs.
Forholdet mellom stat og kommune i styring av norsk utdanningspolitikk 1970 - 2008
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Øystein Engeland
Full Text Available Denne artikkelen er skrevet ut fra en antakelse om at norsk utdanningsforvaltning etter 1990 illustrerer forsøk på å styrke den statlige forvaltning innen et desentralisert system. Ikke minst er dette tydelig ved at nasjonal styring av utdanning særlig etter århundreskiftet har økt på bekostning av det lokale selvstyret. I forhold til maktfordelingen mellom staten og kommunene er vi nå nærmest tilbake til situasjonen før den politiske desentraliseringsbølgen startet mot slutten av 1970-tallet. Det nasjonale nivået er i ferd med å etablere et styringsgrep på skolesiden som er så omfattende at det mangler sidestykke i moderne tid. Det nye er at dette skjer innen et system hvor inntektssystemet (1986 gir kommunene ansvar for undervisningen, og hvor statens mulighet til å bruke økonomiske styringsmidler er redusert.
AV-1451 tau and β-amyloid positron emission tomography imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies.
Kantarci, Kejal; Lowe, Val J; Boeve, Bradley F; Senjem, Matthew L; Tosakulwong, Nikki; Lesnick, Timothy G; Spychalla, Anthony J; Gunter, Jeffrey L; Fields, Julie A; Graff-Radford, Jonathan; Ferman, Tanis J; Jones, David T; Murray, Melissa E; Knopman, David S; Jack, Clifford R; Petersen, Ronald C
Patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) often have Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. Our objective was to determine the pattern of positron emission tomography (PET) tau tracer AV-1451 uptake in patients with probable DLB, compared to AD, and its relationship to β-amyloid deposition on PET. Consecutive patients with clinically probable DLB (n = 19) from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center underwent magnetic resonance imaging, AV-1451, and Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) PET examinations. Age- and sex-matched groups of AD dementia (n = 19) patients and clinically normal controls (n = 95) from an epidemiological cohort served as a comparison groups. Atlas- and voxel-based analyses were performed. The AD dementia group had significantly higher AV-1451 uptake than the probable DLB group, and medial temporal uptake completely distinguished AD dementia from probable DLB. Patients with probable DLB had greater AV-1451 uptake in the posterior temporoparietal and occipital cortex compared to clinically normal controls, and in probable DLB, the uptake in these regions correlated with global cortical PiB uptake (Spearman rho = 0.63; p = 0.006). Medial temporal lobe AV-1451 uptake distinguishes AD dementia from probable DLB, which may be useful for differential diagnosis. Elevated posterior temporoparietal and occipital AV-1451 uptake in probable DLB and its association with global cortical PiB uptake suggest an atypical pattern of tau deposition in DLB. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:58-67. © 2016 The Authors. Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association.
Multinational evaluation of the interpretability of the iterative method of optimisation of AV delay for CRT.
Raphael, Claire E; Kyriacou, Andreas; Jones, Siana; Pabari, Punam; Cole, Graham; Baruah, Resham; Hughes, Alun D; Francis, Darrel P
AV delay optimisation of biventricular pacing devices (cardiac resynchronisation therapy, CRT) is performed in trials and recommended by current guidelines. The Doppler echocardiographic iterative method is the most commonly recommended. Yet whether it can be executed reliably has never been tested formally. 36 multinational specialists, familiar with using the echocardiographic iterative method of CRT optimisation, were shown 20-40 sets of transmitral Doppler traces at 6-8 AV settings and asked to select the optimal AV delay. Unknown to the specialists, some Doppler datasets appeared in duplicate, allowing assessment of both inter and intra-specialist interpretation. On the Kappa scale of agreement (1 = perfect agreement, 0 = chance alone), the agreement regarding optimal AV delay between specialists was poor (kappa=0.12 ± 0.08). More importantly, agreement of specialists with themselves (i.e. viewing identical sets of traces, twice) was also poor, with Kappa=0.23 ± 0.07 and mean absolute difference in optimum AV delay of 83 ms between first and second viewing of the same traces. Iterative AV optimisation is not executed reliably by experts, even in an artificially simplified context where biological variability and variation in image acquisition are eliminated by use of identical traces. This cannot be blamed on insufficient skills of some experts or discordant methods of selecting the optimum, because operators also showed poor agreement with themselves when assessing the same trace. Instead, guidelines should retract any recommendation for this algorithm. Guideline-development processes might usefully begin with a rudimentary check on proposed algorithms, to establish at least minimal credibility. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
The parsec-scale relationship between ICO and AV in local molecular clouds
Lee, Cheoljong; Leroy, Adam K.; Bolatto, Alberto D.; Glover, Simon C. O.; Indebetouw, Remy; Sandstrom, Karin; Schruba, Andreas
We measure the parsec-scale relationship between integrated CO intensity (ICO) and visual extinction (AV) in 24 local molecular clouds using maps of CO emission and dust optical depth from Planck. This relationship informs our understanding of CO emission across environments, but clean Milky Way measurements remain scarce. We find uniform ICO for a given AV, with the results bracketed by previous studies of the Pipe and Perseus clouds. Our measured ICO-AV relation broadly agrees with the standard Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor, the relation found for the Magellanic clouds at coarser resolution, and numerical simulations by Glover & Clark (2016). This supports the idea that CO emission primarily depends on shielding, which protects molecules from dissociating radiation. Evidence for CO saturation at high AV and a threshold for CO emission at low AV varies remains uncertain due to insufficient resolution and ambiguities in background subtraction. Resolution of order 0.1 pc may be required to measure these features. We use this ICO-AV relation to predict how the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (XCO) would change if the Solar Neighbourhood clouds had different dust-to-gas ratio (metallicity). The calculations highlight the need for improved observations of the CO emission threshold and H I shielding layer depth. They are also sensitive to the shape of the column density distribution. Because local clouds collectively show a self-similar distribution, we predict a shallow metallicity dependence for XCO down to a few tenths of solar metallicity. However, our calculations also imply dramatic variations in cloud-to-cloud XCO at subsolar metallicity.
Vegetasjonskartlegging av Muddvær, Vegaøyan verdensarv, Vega kommune
Bär, Annette; Carlsen, Thomas
Muddværet ble vegetasjonskartlagt for å få oversikt over de botaniske verdiene. Vegetasjonstyper etter Fremstad (1997) er framstilt på kart og rapporten inneholder i tillegg en artsliste over registrerte planter. Kartleggingen skal brukes som grunnlag for en senere utarbeiding av en skjøtselsplan for området og ses i sammenheng med tidligere kartlegginger og utarbeiding av skjøtselsplaner for Vegaøyan verdensarvområde (bl.a. Hatten m.fl. 2007; Hatten & Carlsen 2007a,b).
Fromleik i Black Supper, Piss Christ og Crucifixion, tre fotografi av Andres Serrano
Vinje, Lilly
Oppgåva skal omhandla tre utvalgte foto av fotografen Andres Serrano, ein amerikanar født i 1950. Enkeltbileta det er snakk om er Black Supper (1990), Piss Christ og Crucifixion (begge 1987). Dei er laga ved at kitschfigurar er nedsenka i gjennomsiktige behaldarar fyllte av kroppsvæsker og vatn; vatn i Black Supper, urin i Piss Christ og blod i Crucifixion. Henholdsvis framstiller dei Nattverden, Jesus på krossen og Krossfestinga (tre figurar). Serrano befinn seg med desse innanfor religiøs k...
Forensisk analys av volatilt minne från operativsystemet OS X
Ogeskär, Tobias
Behovet av att analysera volatilt minne från Macintosh-datorer med OS X har blivit allt mer betydelsefull på grund av att deras datorer blivit allt populärare och att volatil minnesanalysering blivit en allt viktigare del i en IT-forensikers arbete. Anledningen till att volatil minnesanalysering blivit allt viktigare är för att det går att finna viktig information som inte finns lagrad permanent på datorns interna hårddisk. Problemet som låg till grunden för det här examensarbetet var att det...
Mellom risiko og kontroll - en studie av eksplisitte modelleringsformer i norsk grunnskolelærerutdanning
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fride Lindstøl
Full Text Available Å være lærerutdanner skiller seg fra andre stillinger innenfor høyere utdanning: Lærerutdanneren underviser både i fagstoff og i hvordan studentene kan lære bort og adaptere fagstoffet i klasserommet. Det at lærerutdanneren underviser i det å undervise, har implikasjoner for hvordan undervisningen planlegges, gjennomføres og analyseres i lærerutdanningen – undervisningens form blir en del av budskapet. Lærerutdannerens arbeid handler derfor om å utforme, velge og sette i spill aktiviteter og oppgaver som kan adaptere fag, forskning, didaktikk og teori til klasserom og profesjonen. Utforming og montasje av de ulike delene eller episodene i et undervisningsforløp kan betegnes som undervisningsforløpets dramaturgi. I denne artikkelen har jeg gjort en dramaturgisk analyse av tre lærerutdanneres undervisning for å identifisere og beskrive hvordan de bruker eksplisitte modelleringsformer, og hva som skjer når de bruker dem. I etterkant av den dramaturgiske analysen har jeg gjort en konvensjonell innholdsanalyse av intervjudata for å undersøke hvordan lærerutdannerne selv forklarer formålet og erfaringer med å bruke eksplisitt modellering i undervisningen. Analyse av tre lærerutdanneres undervisningspraksis sammenfattes i en modelleringsstige som visualiserer hvordan enkelte former for eksplisitte modelleringsformer tilbyr en egen sirkulær dramaturgi. Studien antyder og drøfter også på hvilken måte modelleringsstigen kan fungere som en dramaturgisk modell, som kan brukes som utgangspunkt for lærerutdanneres planlegging, gjennomføring og analyse av egen undervisning. Studien er et bidrag til å utvikle og forske på hvordan eksplisitte modelleringsformer kan brukes for å skape sammenheng mellom praktisk lærerarbeid og teoretisk metarefleksjon i lærerutdannerens undervisning. Innsamling av data er gjort i profesjonsverksted, som kan forklares som en læringsarena hvor lærerutdannere fra ulike fag samarbeider om �
Rate-adaptive AV delay and exercise performance following cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Shanmugam, Nesan; Prada-Delgado, Oscar; Campos, Ana Garcia; Grimster, Alex; Valencia, Oswaldo; Baltabaeva, Aigul; Jones, Sue; Anderson, Lisa
Physiological shortening of the atrioventricular (AV) interval with increasing heart rate is well documented in normal human beings and is an established component of dual-chamber pacing for bradycardia. To assess the effect of exercise on optimal AV delay and the impact of a patient-specific rate-adaptive AV delay (RAAVD) on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure following cardiac resynchronization therapy. Phase 1: We performed iterative AV optimization at rest and exercise in 52 cardiac resynchronization therapy patients in atrial-sensed mode (mean age 71.6 ± 9.2 years, 25% females). Phase 2: Subsequently, 20 consecutive volunteers from this group (mean age 69.2 ± 9.6 years, 15% females) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with RAAVD individually programmed ON (RAAVD-ON) or OFF (RAAVD-OFF). Phase 1: In 94% of the patients, there was a marked reduction (mean 50%) in optimal AV delay with exercise. The optimal resting vs exercise AV delay was 114.2 ± 29 ms at a heart rate of 64.4 ± 7.1 beats/min vs 57 ± 31 ms at a heart rate of 103 ± 13 beats/min (P AV delay with exercise, and 3 (6%) showed no change. Phase 2: With RAAVD-ON, significantly better exercise times were achieved (8.7 ± 3.2 minutes) compared with RAAVD-OFF (7.9 ± 3.2 minutes; P = .003), and there was a significant improvement in Vo(2)max (RAAVD-ON 16.1 ± 4.0 vs RAAVD-OFF 14.9 ± 3.7 mL/(kg · min); P = .024). There was a dramatic reduction in optimal AV delay with physiological exercise in the majority of this heart failure cardiac resynchronization therapy cohort. Replicating this physiological response with a programmable RAAVD translated into a 10% improvement in exercise capacity. Copyright © 2012 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Correlliansk Wicca -En analyse av et nyreligiøst trossamfunn i vekst-
Johansen, Monica Frankrig
Correlliansk wicca er en tradisjon innenfor wicca som baserer sin praksis på læren til High- Correll familien. Den correllianske wicca- tradisjonen ble grunnlagt av Caroline High- Correll. Correllianere anser seg selv for å være åpne for mange ulike livssyn og praksiser. De tror at det guddommelige kommer innenfra oss selv, og at religion eksisterer for å hjelpe oss til å finne det guddommelige i hver av oss, og ikke for å forsøke å erstatte denne guddommeligheten. Correllianere mener at alle...
Hvordan gjøre tenking synlig ved bruk av interaktive modeller på vitensenter?
Stav, Torun Vaagland
Det er et økende antall forskningsstudier som fokuserer på læringsutbytte ved vitensentre og liknende institusjoner (Kisiel, 2013). EEET (European Exhibition Evaluation Tool) er et slikt bidrag. Dette er et vurderingsverktøy som blant annet er laget for å kartlegge bruken av interaktive modeller ved vitensentre. EEETer en av to metoder som skal bidra til å besvare denne studiens problemstilling. Den andre metoden, UM (Understanding Map) er basert på åtte tegn på forståelse som beskrevet i bok...
Konstruktion av vertikaltransportör för materialhantering
Furu, Micke
Rotab Rostfria Transportörer AB tillverkar och utvecklar material- och godshanteringsutrustning. Företaget levererar även kompletta materialhanteringslösningar i form av godshanteringsanläggningar som ofta består av transportband och paketeringsutrustning. Examensarbetets mål är att utveckla en vertikaltransportör som ska transportera gods mellan två transportband belägna på olika höjder, transporten ska kunna varieras mellan 1000 - 3000 mm. Transportören ska undvika de två stora nackdelarna ...
Att vara ung vuxen med reumatism : Psykologiska aspekter av reumatisk sjukdom
Fröberg, Tove
Kunskapen gällande hur det upplevs att vara ung vuxen och samtidigt ha en reumatisk sjukdom är begränsad. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att utifrån individens eget perspektiv försöka fånga in och beskriva olika psykologiska aspekter av att vara ung vuxen och samtidigt ha reumatism, i en svensk kontext. Studien utfördes på sju reumatiker i åldern 18-40 och datainsamligen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen följde ett induktivt tematiskt mönster. I studien identifierades ...
Indeksering av og søking i hierarkiske metadata i XML-database
Ingebretsen, Knut Bjørke
Denne oppgaven ser på hvordan en XML-database kan brukes til indeksering av og søking i hierarkiske metadata. Dette inngår som en del av arbeidet med å gjøre informasjon fra forskjellige samlinger tilgjengelig for informasjonssøkere. Problemstillingen det har vært arbeidet med er delt i to. Den ene delen var å finne ut hvordan en XML-database kan brukes som lokal indeks for metadata på et hierarkisk format. Den andre delen var å finne ut hvordan et søkegrensesnitt kan utvides til å utnytte h...
Manliga och kvinnliga teknologers självbilder och deras stereotypbilder av teknologer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Charlotte Soneson
Full Text Available Självbild och bilden av en typisk teknolog undersöktes hos civilingenjörsstudenter på LTH med personlighetstestet Adjective Check List. Vi fann stora skillnader mellan självbild och stereotypbild. Undersökningen visade också att dessa skillnader till viss del såg olika ut bland manliga och kvinnliga studenter, och skillnaden mellan kvinnornas genomsnittliga självbild och deras genomsnittliga bild av en typisk teknolog var då större än motsvarande skillnad bland männen.
First-degree AV block-an entirely benign finding or a potentially curable cause of cardiac disease?
Holmqvist, Fredrik; Daubert, James P
First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a delay within the AV conduction system and is defined as a prolongation of the PR interval beyond the upper limit of what is considered normal (generally 0.20 s). Up until recently, first-degree AV block was considered an entirely benign condition. In fact, some complain that it is a misnomer since there is only delay and no actual block in the AV conduction system (usually within the AV node). However, it has long been acknowledged that extreme forms of first-degree AV block (typically a PR interval exceeding 0.30 s) can cause symptoms due to inadequate timing of atrial and ventricular contractions, similar to the so-called pacemaker syndrome. Consequently, the current guidelines state that permanent pacemaker implantation is reasonable for first-degree AV block with symptoms similar to those of pacemaker syndrome or with hemodynamic compromise, but also stresses that there is little evidence to suggest that pacemakers improve survival in patients with isolated first-degree AV block. Recent reports suggest that it may be time to revisit the impact of first-degree AV block. Also, several findings in post hoc analyses of randomized device trials give important insights in possible treatment options. The present review aims to provide an update on the current knowledge concerning the impact of first-degree AV block and also to address the issue of pacing in patients with this condition. ©2013, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients' and procedural characteristics of AV-block during slow pathway modulation for AVNRT-single center 10year experience.
Wasmer, Kristina; Dechering, Dirk G; Köbe, Julia; Leitz, Patrick; Frommeyer, Gerrit; Lange, Phillip S; Kochhäuser, Simon; Reinke, Florian; Pott, Christian; Mönnig, Gerold; Breithardt, Günter; Eckardt, Lars
Permanent AV-block is a recognized and feared complication of slow pathway modulation for AVNRT. We aimed to assess incidence of transient and permanent AV-block as well as consequences of transient AV-block in a large contemporary AVNRT ablation cohort. We searched our single center prospective ablation database for occurrence of transient and permanent AV-block during slow pathway modulation between January 2004 and October 2015. We analyzed patients' and procedural characteristics as well as outcome of patients in whom transient or permanent AV-block occurred. Of 9170 patients who underwent a catheter ablation at our institution between January 2004 and October 2015, 2101 patients (64% women, mean age 50±18years) underwent slow pathway modulation. In three patients, permanent AV-block occurred during RF application. Additional two patients had transient AV-block that recovered (after a few minutes and 25min), but recurred within two days of the procedure. All five patients underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation (0.2%). Transient AV-block related to RF delivery occurred in 44 patients (2%). Transient mechanical AV-block occurred in additional 17 patients (0.8%). In 12 patients, ablation was continued despite transient AV-block. One of these patients developed permanent AV-block. Permanent AV-block following slow pathway modulation is a rare event, occurring in 0.2% of patients in a large contemporary single center cohort. Transient AV-block is more frequent (2%). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Vad var det som hände? Efterbearbetning av en simulering för utvecklande av professionell kunskap hos polisstudenter
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
David Sjöberg
Full Text Available Att öva för att lära sig att hantera polisiära situationer utgör ett viktigt inslag i polisstudenters utbildning. Lärandet sker genom praktiska övningar t.ex. drillövningar och övningar av specifika moment men även via simuleringar där studenter agerar som polis i mera komplexa situationer. Simuleringar är inte unika för polisutbildning utan utgör ett vanligt inslag i professionsutbildning genom sin koppling till "verkliga" situationer (Peters och Vissers, 2004; Lederman, 1984. Under de senaste årtiondena har simuleringar använts för utbildning inom så skilda professionsfält som medicin och hälsovård, flyg och blåljusverksamhet. Simuleringar kan vara av skiftande karaktär t.ex. fysiska i form av rollspel men även datorbaserade. Simuleringar kan syfta till att utveckla en specifik färdighet (se t.ex. Windsor, 2009; Stefanidis, Acker, och Heniford, 2008; Wallin, Meurling, Hedman, Hedengård, och Felländer-Tsai, 2007, som t ex att lära sig hur man avläser röntgenbilder (se t.ex. Söderström, Häll, Nilsson, och Ahlqvist 2012 eller till att lära hur man ska agera i komplexa situationer (Andersson, Carlström, och Berlin, 2013; Bauman, Gohm och Bonner, 2011, t.ex. vid svåra olyckshändelser med många personer inblandade (se t.ex. McConnell och Drennan, 2006. Simuleringar av komplexa situationer med många inblandade brukar benämnas som fullskaliga (se t.ex. Andersson, Carlström, och Berlin, 2013. Simuleringar antas träna och utveckla professionell kunskap genom att förbereda studenter på att hantera komplexa och ibland farliga situationer som de kan komma att ställas inför i en kommande yrkespraktik. Användningen av simuleringar i utbildningar bygger således på ett antagande om överföring av erfarenheter och kunskaper från ett sammanhang till ett annat (se t.ex. Söderström, Åström, Anderson och Bowles, 2014. I den här artikeln utgår vi från simulering som en utbildningsresurs där deltagarna
Vannmagasinet er ikke fullt før det renner over : en analyse av effekten av redusert etterspørsel i et vannkraftsystem, eksemplifisert med energieffektivisering i bygninger
Siljan, Marte
Energieffektivisering i bygninger regnes som et av de mest kostnadseffektive tiltakene for å redusere forbruk av energi, samt bidra til reduksjon i klimagassutslipp. I følge rapporter fra blant annet Lavenergiutvalget (2009) og Klimakur 2020 (2010), vil det være mulig å frigjøre rundt 10 TWh elektrisitet fra norske bygninger i løpet av de neste ti årene. Denne masteroppgaven tar for seg følgene av en tilsvarende etterspørselsreduksjon i det norske kraftsystemet. Norge har et kraftsystem med n...
Trace metals in floodplain lake sediments : SEM/AVS as indicator of bioavailability and ecological effects
Griethuysen, van C.
This thesis addresses the geochemical aspects of AVS (Acid Volatile Sulfide) and SEM (Simultaneously Extracted Metals) in floodplain lake sediment, its spatial distribution in floodplain lakes and dynamics over time, the link with effects on single species (bioassays), as well as the impact of
In Vivo cortical tau in Parkinson's disease using 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography.
Hansen, Allan K; Damholdt, Malene Flensborg; Fedorova, Tatyana D; Knudsen, Karoline; Parbo, Peter; Ismail, Rola; Østergaard, Karen; Brooks, David J; Borghammer, Per
Alzheimer's disease copathology is common in PD at autopsy. In non-PD subjects with mild cognitive impairment, tau depositions can be detected using 18F-AV-1451 PET. We hypothesized that 18F-AV-1451 PET would show tau aggregation in PD with mild cognitive impairment and correlate with cognitive dysfunction. To describe tau aggregation in PD patients. Twenty-six PD patients and 23 controls had 18F-AV-1451 PET and neuropsychological assessment to detect mild cognitive impairment. Nine PD patients (35%) were identified with mild cognitive impairment. Regional analyses showed no significant differences between groups. Voxel-wise analyses showed no correlation with cognitive domain z-scores within patients. One patient with mild cognitive impairment was estimated Braak tau stage 5; all other patients were stage 0. Our results indicate that tau pathology, as detected by 18F-AV-1451, is uncommon in PD with mild cognitive impairment and shows no significant correlation with cognitive dysfunction at this stage. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A-V Delay Versus Cardiac Output Measured with Thorax Bioimpedance Monitor
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Vondra, Vlastimil; Halámek, Josef; Viščor, Ivo; Jurák, Pavel; Novák, M.; Lipoldová, J.
Roč. 6, č. 1 (2008), s. 73 ISSN 1556-7451. [World Congress on Heart Disease /14./. 26.07.2008-29.07.2008, Toronto] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20650511 Keywords : atrio -ventricular delay * resynchronization therapy * impedance cardiography * cardiac output Subject RIV: FA - Cardiovascular Diseases incl. Cardiotharic Surgery
Identification of a potential toxic hot spot associated with AVS spatial and seasonal variation.
Campana, O; Rodríguez, A; Blasco, J
In risk assessment of aquatic sediments, much attention is paid to the difference between acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs) as indicators of metal availability. Ten representative sampling sites were selected along the estuary of the Guadalete River. Surficial sediments were sampled in winter and summer to better understand SEM and AVS spatial and seasonal distributions and to establish priority risk areas. Total SEM concentration (SigmaSEM) ranged from 0.3 to 4.7 micromol g(-1). It was not significantly different between seasons, however, it showed a significant difference between sampling stations. AVS concentrations were much more variable, showing significant spatial and temporal variations. The values ranged from 0.8 to 22.4 micromol g(-1). The SEM/AVS ratio was found to be <1 at all except one station located near the mouth of the estuary. The results provided information on a potential pollution source near the mouth of the estuary, probably associated with vessel-related activities carried out in a local harbor area located near the station.
Nové elektronické knihy v Knihovně AV ČR
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Meixner, Jaroslav; Krouzová, Lucie
-, č. 2 (2014) E-ISSN 1805-2800 Keywords : electronic books * Academy of Sciences Lib rary Subject RIV: AF - Documentation, Lib rarianship, Information Studies http://www. lib .cas.cz/casopis-informace/nove-elektronicke-knihy-v-knihovne-av-cr/
Impact of e-AV Biology Website for Learning about Renewable Energy
Nugraini, Siti Hadiati; Choo, Koo Ah; Hin, Hew Soon; Hoon, Teoh Sian
This paper considers the design and development of a Website for Biology in senior high schools in Indonesia. The teaching media, namely e-AV Biology, was developed with the main features of video lessons and other features in supporting the students' learning process. Some video lessons describe the production process of Biofuel or Renewable…
Problematika romské migrace v Etnologickém ústavu AV ČR
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Uherek, Zdeněk
Roč. 10, č. 3 (2007), s. 1-7 ISSN 1335-3608 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : migration * Roma * Institute of Ethnology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology http://www.saske.sk/cas/3-2007/index.html
ECG of the "Newborn" Mouse (Mus domesticus) with Specific Reference to Comparative AV Transmission
Tweel, L.H. van der; Strackee, J.; Stokhof, A.A.; Wassenaar, C.; Meijler, F.L.
The objective of this study was to record the ECG of the smallest living mammal to extend the domain of data for comparative AV-nodal electrophysiologic purposes. These data are needed to establish the relationship between the PR interval and heart size in mammalian species of all sizes. Methods
Identification of the human ApoAV gene as a novel RORα target gene
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lind, Ulrika; Nilsson, Tina; McPheat, Jane; Stroemstedt, Per-Erik; Bamberg, Krister; Balendran, Clare; Kang, Daiwu
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) (NR1F1) is an orphan nuclear receptor with a potential role in metabolism. Previous studies have shown that RORα regulates transcription of the murine Apolipoprotein AI gene and human Apolipoprotein CIII genes. In the present study, we present evidence that RORα also induces transcription of the human Apolipoprotein AV gene, a recently identified apolipoprotein associated with triglyceride levels. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of RORα increased the endogenous expression of ApoAV in HepG2 cells and RORα also enhanced the activity of an ApoAV promoter construct in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. Deletion and mutation studies identified three AGGTCA motifs in the ApoAV promoter that mediate RORα transactivation, one of which overlaps with a previously identified binding site for PPARα. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism whereby RORα modulates lipid metabolism and implies RORα as a potential target for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis
HPCMP CREATE (trademark)-AV Quality Assurance: Best Practices for Validating and Supporting Computation-Based Engineering Software
30/2015 Oct 2008-Sep 2015 HPCMP CREATE™- AV Quality Assurance: Best Practices for Validating and Supporting Computation-Based Engineering Software...2) "Does this tool adequately perform any and all advertised capabilities?" This paper will describe how the HPCMP CREATE Air Vehicles ( AV ...discussed and their strengths and weaknesses within the CREATE- AV framework addressed. Work toward the HPCMP CREATE, Quality Assurance, Aviation
A Heart too Drunk to Drive; AV Block following Acute Alcohol Intoxication.
van Stigt, Arthur H; Overduin, Ruben J; Staats, Liza C; Loen, Vera; van der Heyden, Marcel A G
Acute excessive alcohol consumption is associated with heart rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation but also premature ventricular contractions, collectively known as the "holiday heart syndrome". More rarely but clinically significant are reports of atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances in binge drinkers with no underlying heart disease or chronic alcohol consumption. To obtain better insights into common denominators and the potential underlying mechanisms we collected and compared individual case reports of AV block following acute alcohol intoxication in otherwise healthy people. By screening PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and JSTOR, fifteen cases were found of which eight were sufficiently documented for full analysis. Blood alcohol levels ranged from 90 to 958 mg/dl (19 to 205 mM). Second and third degree AV block was observed most (6/8) albeit that in two of these patients a vagal stimulus led to deterioration from first into higher order AV block. In all cases, patients reverted to normal sinus rhythm upon becoming sober again. Mildly lowered body temperature (35.9 ± 0.5°C) was observed but can be excluded as a major cause of conduction blockade. We hypothesize that ethanol induced partial inhibition of calcium and potentially also sodium currents in conductive tissue structures may be one of the mechanisms of conduction slowing and block that may become exaggerated upon increased vagal tone. An impairment of gap junction function cannot be excluded as a contributing factor. In conclusion, cases of documented alcohol induced AV block are very rare but events can occur at relatively low serum alcohol levels which should prompt to awareness of this phenomenon in alcohol intoxicated patients.
AV-1451 PET imaging of tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer disease: Defining a summary measure.
Mishra, Shruti; Gordon, Brian A; Su, Yi; Christensen, Jon; Friedrichsen, Karl; Jackson, Kelley; Hornbeck, Russ; Balota, David A; Cairns, Nigel J; Morris, John C; Ances, Beau M; Benzinger, Tammie L S
Utilizing [18F]-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET) as an Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker will require identification of brain regions that are most important in detecting elevated tau pathology in preclinical AD. Here, we utilized an unsupervised learning, data-driven approach to identify brain regions whose tau PET is most informative in discriminating low and high levels of [18F]-AV-1451 binding. 84 cognitively normal participants who had undergone AV-1451 PET imaging were used in a sparse k-means clustering with resampling analysis to identify the regions most informative in dividing a cognitively normal population into high tau and low tau groups. The highest-weighted FreeSurfer regions of interest (ROIs) separating these groups were the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, lateral occipital cortex, and inferior temporal cortex, and an average SUVR in these four ROIs was used as a summary metric for AV-1451 uptake. We propose an AV-1451 SUVR cut-off of 1.25 to define high tau as described by imaging. This spatial distribution of tau PET is a more widespread pattern than that predicted by pathological staging schemes. Our data-derived metric was validated first in this cognitively normal cohort by correlating with early measures of cognitive dysfunction, and with disease progression as measured by β-amyloid PET imaging. We additionally validated this summary metric in a cohort of 13 Alzheimer disease patients, and showed that this measure correlates with cognitive dysfunction and β-amyloid PET imaging in a diseased population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Videodokumentasjon ved gjennomføring av praktisk eksamen i sykepleie - hvordan kan dette forbedre studentens praksiske ferdigheter?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gjertrud Husøy
Full Text Available Hensikten med studiet var å belyse hvordan videodokumentasjon av praktiske handlinger i sykepleie kunne brukes som evalueringordning av studenter. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i et forskningsprosjekt for utprøving av nye lærings og evalueringsformer i bachelorutdanningen i sykepleie, der 13 studentgrupper gjennomførte sin praktiske eksamen ved innlevering av video av 16 utvalgte øvelser. Tradisjonell praktisk eksamen i samme studentkull ble gjennomført for 10 studentgrupper. Prosjektet er en kvalitativ kasusstudie og analyse er gjort etter inspirasjon av Giorgi's empiriske fenomenologi. Diskusjonen tar utgangspunkt i Vygotsky's sosiokulturelle syn på læring og Dewey's prinsipp om at all læring er basert på erfaring. Funnene er presentert i følgende deler: Første del omhandler videodokumentasjon og refleksjon. De to neste delene viser funn i forhold til mesterlæring og situert læring på vei mot forståelse av hva sykepleie er. Deretter er teknisk utfordringer belyst, og til slutt en drøfting av forhold ved oppøving av praktiske sykepleieferdigheter. Konklusjonen her er at video egner seg til å dokumentere sykepleiehandlinger. Dette har størst verdi for læring og refleksjon, i mindre grad som eksamensform.
Skladování energie – téma v hledáčku AV ČR
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Bendová, Magdalena; Hrubý, Jan; Chomát, Miroslav; Zima, Patrik
-, č. 2 (2016), s. 7-9 ISSN 1210-9525. [Technology Perspectives for Energy Storage. Praha, 30.11.2015] Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) StrategieAV21/3 Program:StrategieAV Institutional support: RVO:61388998 ; RVO:67985858 Keywords : energy storage * renewable energy sources * strategy AV21 initiative Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry
The Unusual Resistance of Avian Defensin AvBD7 to Proteolytic Enzymes Preserves Its Antibacterial Activity.
Bailleul, Geoffrey; Kravtzoff, Amanda; Joulin-Giet, Alix; Lecaille, Fabien; Labas, Valérie; Meudal, Hervé; Loth, Karine; Teixeira-Gomes, Ana-Paula; Gilbert, Florence B; Coquet, Laurent; Jouenne, Thierry; Brömme, Dieter; Schouler, Catherine; Landon, Céline; Lalmanach, Gilles; Lalmanach, Anne-Christine
Defensins are frontline peptides of mucosal immunity in the animal kingdom, including birds. Their resistance to proteolysis and their ensuing ability to maintain antimicrobial potential remains questionable and was therefore investigated. We have shown by bottom-up mass spectrometry analysis of protein extracts that both avian beta-defensins AvBD2 and AvBD7 were ubiquitously distributed along the chicken gut. Cathepsin B was found by immunoblotting in jejunum, ileum, caecum, and caecal tonsils, while cathepsins K, L, and S were merely identified in caecal tonsils. Hydrolysis product of AvBD2 and AvBD7 incubated with a panel of proteases was analysed by RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry and antimicrobial assays. AvBD2 and AvBD7 were resistant to serine proteases and to cathepsins D and H. Conversely cysteine cathepsins B, K, L, and S degraded AvBD2 and abolished its antibacterial activity. Only cathepsin K cleaved AvBD7 and released Ile4-AvBD7, a N-terminal truncated natural peptidoform of AvBD7 that displayed antibacterial activity. Besides the 3-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet typical of beta-defensins, structural analysis of AvBD7 by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy highlighted the restricted accessibility of the C-terminus embedded by the N-terminal region and gave a formal evidence of a salt bridge (Asp9-Arg12) that could account for proteolysis resistance. The differential susceptibility of avian defensins to proteolysis opens intriguing questions about a distinctive role in the mucosal immunity against pathogen invasion.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional structural magnetic resonance imaging correlates of AV-1451 uptake.
Das, Sandhitsu R; Xie, Long; Wisse, Laura E M; Ittyerah, Ranjit; Tustison, Nicholas J; Dickerson, Bradford C; Yushkevich, Paul A; Wolk, David A
We examined the relationship between in vivo estimates of tau deposition as measured by 18 F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography imaging and cross-sectional cortical thickness, as well as rates of antecedent cortical thinning measured from magnetic resonance imaging in individuals with and without evidence of cerebral amyloid in 63 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, including 32 cognitively normal individuals (mean age 74 years), 27 patients with mild cognitive impairment (mean age 76.8 years), and 4 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (mean age 80 years). We hypothesized that structural measures would correlate with 18 F-AV-1451 in a spatially local manner and that this correlation would be stronger for longitudinal compared to cross-sectional measures of cortical thickness and in those with cerebral amyloid versus those without. Cross-sectional and longitudinal estimates of voxelwise atrophy were made from whole brain maps of cortical thickness and rates of thickness change. In amyloid-β-positive individuals, the correlation of voxelwise atrophy across the whole brain with a summary measure of medial temporal lobe (MTL) 18 F-AV-1451 uptake demonstrated strong local correlations in the MTL with longitudinal atrophy that was weaker in cross-sectional analysis. Similar effects were seen in correlations between 31 bilateral cortical regions of interest. In addition, several nonlocal correlations between atrophy and 18 F-AV-1451 uptake were observed, including association between MTL atrophy and 18 F-AV-1451 uptake in parietal lobe regions of interest such as the precuneus. Amyloid-β-negative individuals only showed weaker correlations in data uncorrected for multiple comparisons. While these data replicate previous reports of associations between 18 F-AV-1451 uptake and cross-sectional structural measures, the current results demonstrate a strong relationship with longitudinal measures of atrophy. These data
Study of the influence of the codopant over the photoluminescent properties of PAA doped with Eu{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+}, and Tb{sup 3+}; Estudio de la influencia del codopante sobre las propiedades fotoluminiscentes de PAA dopado con Eu{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+} y Tb{sup 3+}
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Flores, M.; Arroyo, R. [Departamento de Fisica, UAM-I, A.P. 55-534, 09820 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)
The results are presented obtained about the synthesis of acrylic poly acid characterization (PAA) doped with Eu{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+}. They got ready materials with even of these ions and it was studied the influence of the co dopant in the processes of emission of Eu{sup 3+} ({lambda}{sub em} = 618 nm), Gd{sup 3+} ({lambda}{sub em} = 624 nm) and Tb{sup 3+} ({lambda}{sub em} = 546 nm), as well as their effect in the phosphorescence ({lambda}{sub em} = 450 nm) of the polymeric matrix. It was found that the intensity of the emission of Eu{sup 3+} diminishes substantially due to the presence of the ions Gd{sup 3+}, contrary to what happens when the co dopant is Tb{sup 3+} , which causes an increase. In the one case of the emission of Tb{sup 3+}, this it increases with the presence of Gd{sup 3+} but it diminishes when Eu{sup 3+} is present. These results are consequence of the homogeneous distribution of those dopants and of the phenomena of energy transfer that happen in the materials synthesized. (Author)
77 FR 41400 - AV Solar Ranch 1, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request...
... From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission AV Solar Ranch 1, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market- Based Rate...-referenced proceeding of AV Solar Ranch 1, LLC's application for market-based rate authority, with an...
Specialized treatment for Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD): Treatment rationales and preliminary results
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Simonsen, Sebastian
and preliminary results from a specialized psychotherapy program developed for patients with AvPD treated at Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Capital Region of Denmark. Methods: Treatment consists of individual therapy based on Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) while group therapy is a modified form......½-years of therapy. We focus on how patients change in regards to important outcomes, including both acute symptoms and more personality based problems such as self-reflection, interpersonal problems and ability to describe feelings. Conclusions: Consistency of results with regard to theories about Av...... naturalistic study, we followed patients from start to end of psychotherapy on a range of self-report measures including the SCL-90-R, IIP-C, SIPP-118 and TAS-20. Results: In this preliminary report, we report findings from various time points of therapy: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and after approximately 1...
Varumärkesvärdering : Implementeringen av IAS 38 och IFRS 3
Calmfors, Cecilia
Den 1:a januari 2005 infördes nya redovisningsregler gällande företagsförvärv. Samtliga svenska börsnoterade företag skall redovisa i enlighet med IFRS 3 Företagsförvärv och IAS 38 Immateriella tillgångar. De nya reglerna innebär bland annat att varumärken och andra immateriella tillgångar skall värderas separat från goodwill i balansräkningen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka effekten av IAS 38 på svenska företags redovisning av immateriella tillgångar, med fokus på varumärken. Studien ...
Övervakning av switchar och övrig nätverksutrustning
Björknäs, Jimmy
Mitt examensarbete har gått ut på att förena trafikgrafer och alarmering av nätverksutrustning som inte är nåbar till samma ställe, samt underlätta processen att lägga till eller ta bort en enhet från övervakningen. Tidigare har två olika program använts för uppgifterna, vilket betyder enheterna ska läggas till på två olika ställen samt att en del enheter inte har varit möjliga att övervaka där. I arbetet jämförde jag programmen Nagios, Icinga, openNMS och Observium. Vissa av dessa program va...
Optimering av nanocellulosa för tillämpning som papperstyrkeadditiv
Englöf, Johan
Syftet med projektet var att undersöka hur homogeniserings förhållanden (tryck antal passager och därmed energiinsatsen) vid framställning av MFC (mikrofibrillär cellulosa), från enzymatiskt förbehandlade pappersmassafibrer påverkar hållfastheten av papper förstärkt med MFC. Arbetsgivaren för projektet var Innventia och det laborativa arbetet har utförts i deras lokaler. Fördelen med att använda MFC som tillsats i papper är att arket blir starkare [1]. Detta medför att en mindre mängd materia...
In vivo imaging of neuromelanin in Parkinson's disease using 18F-AV-1451 PET.
Hansen, Allan K; Knudsen, Karoline; Lillethorup, Thea P; Landau, Anne M; Parbo, Peter; Fedorova, Tatyana; Audrain, Hélène; Bender, Dirk; Østergaard, Karen; Brooks, David J; Borghammer, Per
The tau tangle ligand (18)F-AV-1451 ((18)F-T807) binds to neuromelanin in the midbrain, and may therefore be a measure of the pigmented dopaminergic neuronal count in the substantia nigra. Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Extrapolation of post-mortem data predicts that a ∼30% decline of nigral dopamine neurons is necessary to cause motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Putamen dopamine terminal loss at disease onset most likely exceeds that of the nigral cell bodies and has been estimated to be of the order of 50-70%. We investigated the utility of (18)F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography to visualize the concentration of nigral neuromelanin in Parkinson's disease and correlated the findings to dopamine transporter density, measured by (123)I-FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography. A total of 17 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 16 age- and sex-matched control subjects had (18)F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography using a Siemens high-resolution research tomograph. Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease also received a standardized (123)I-FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography scan at our imaging facility. Many of the patients with Parkinson's disease displayed visually apparent decreased (18)F-AV-1451 signal in the midbrain. On quantitation, patients showed a 30% mean decrease in total nigral (18)F-AV-1451 volume of distribution compared with controls (P = 0.004), but there was an overlap of the individual ranges. We saw no significant correlation between symptom dominant side and contralateral nigral volume of distribution. There was no correlation between nigral (18)F-AV-1451 volume of distribution and age or time since diagnosis. In the subset of 12 patients, who also had a (123)I-FP-CIT scan, the mean total striatal dopamine transporter signal was decreased by 45% and the mean total (18)F-AV-1451 substantia nigra volume of distribution was decreased by 33% after
Restaurang i vardagsrummet : En kvalitativ undersökning av fenomenet middagsklubbar
Ridderheim, Karin
I följande studie undersöks fenomenet middagsklubbar, ett slags hemma-hos-restauranger där matglada amatörkockar bjuder in okända människor på middag i sitt hem. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka som lockas av att driva och besöka middagsklubbar samt varför fenomenet blir alltmer populärt i det senmoderna samhället. Materialet utgörs av kvalitativa djupintervjuer med fyra personer som själva driver middagsklubbar. Genom innehållsanalys hittades gemensamma teman, vilka sedan analyserad...
Clapping hands : En analys av emojis i politisk kommunikation på Instagram
Junefjäll, Jonathan; Nurro, Linnéa
Emojis är ett digitalt uttryckssätt baserade på smileys och emoticons som introducerades i smarta telefoner under 2011 och har sedan dess blivit en integrerad del av många människors vardagliga kommunikation. De används också i politisk kommunikation på sociala medier på samma sätt som en del i ett modernt uttryckssätt. Den här undersökningen tittar på 557 emojis i 300 inlägg gjorda av tre ledande politiska partier – Høyre i Norge, Socialdemokraterna i Sverige och Venstre i Danmark. Syftet är...
Multifaktormodeller på den svenska marknaden - En studie av OMX Stockholm mellan 1996 och 2014
Hammarfrid, Peter; Henningsson, Tom
Bakgrund:CAPM räcker i flera tillfällen inte till för att estimera framtida avkastning. Vissa av prisavvikelsernafrån CAPM är väldokumenterade och har bestått över tid, vilket har lett till uppkomsten avkorrigerande faktorer. En modell som använder sig av två sådana korrigerande faktorer är Fama ochFrenchs tre-faktormodell. Den har testats flertalet gånger på den svenska marknaden där den visat gehögre förklaringsgrader än CAPM. År 2012 samt år 2014 presenterades två nya multifaktormodeller,s...
Förbättring av tjänsteleverans för konsultbolag
Samuelsson, Martin; Törnvall, Alexander
Lönsamheten för konsultbolag är beroende av antalet timmar konsulter arbetar vad gäller leveranser i kunduppdrag. Att timmar ej levereras på grund av sjukdom eller överbeläggning påverkar resultatet för bolaget. Konsultbolag där konsulter samma vecka arbetar mot olika kunder och uppdrag, kan ha svårt att synliggöra och följa upp leveranserna vilket kan resultera i inkomstbortfall och försenade leveranser. Hypotesen för detta examensarbete är att visualisering och uppföljning minskar risken ti...
Apoio financeiro oferecido por avós a netos adolescentes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alessandra Ribeiro Ventura Oliveira
Full Text Available Através de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática da literatura analisou-se a relação entre avós e netos adolescentes com foco nas diferentes formas de apoio financeiro oferecido pelos avós. O levantamento, através das bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, foi concluído com 07 citações afins. Foram identificadas as relações em que o apoio financeiro assumiu papel importante na relação entre ambos os sujeitos, sugerindo compor um estilo de exercer a avosidade.
Detektion av "troll" i Twitterflöden med hjälp av klusteralgoritm : Metod för att detektera personer som sprider desinformation
Yousef, Andy; Lansner, Erik
Sociala medier har alltid varit en plats där personer kan diskutera fritt om sina åsikter och dela nyheter med många. Lätt spridning av nyheter från alla hörn i världen kan komma vara användbart för att ha möjlighet att få opartiska nyheter. Även om det finns klara fördelar med exempelvis Twitter så kan det vara problematiskt med falska och uppgjorda nyheter. Ryktesspridning eller uppgjorda nyheter förekommer i stor utsträckning fortfarande, här testas metod(er) för att upptäcka vilka som kan...
Pedagogiske lederes erfaringer med og forebygging av begynnende mobbeatferd i barnehagen.
Alfsvåg, Anna
Master's thesis in Special education Studiens tema er barns begynnende mobbeatferd, og hvordan dette erfares og forebygges av fire pedagogiske ledere i barnehager. Teoretiske perspektiver som belyser temaets perspektiver og kompleksitet er begrepene vold eller mobbing (Isdal, Andreassen & Thilesen, 2003), mobbing i barnehagen (Falck, 2013 og Størksen, 2013), aggresjonsperspektivet (Roland, 2011 og Olweus, 1993), ulike tiltak som kan iverksettes som tidlig innsats (Tremblay, 2010), verdien ...
Frihet & struktur : en kvalitativ studie av skolelivskvalitet hos ungdom med Tourette syndrom
Siverts, Torstein
Sammendrag. Tittel: Skolelivskvalitet hos ungdom med Tourette Syndrom Med bakgrunn i egen erfaring fra arbeid med elever med Tourette Syndrom i grunnskolen, og i studier i spesialpedagogisk teori og empiri, etterstrebes det i denne studien å utvikle økt forståelse for hva slags erfaringer fra og perspektiver på sitt skoleliv elever med denne funksjonshemmende lidelsen har. Med grunnlag i analyser av intervjuer med elever om deres erfaringer og perspektiver, har jeg prøvd å b...
Språkkartlegging av flerspråklige barn i barnehagen - fra kontrovers til kompromiss?
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nassira Essahli Vik
Full Text Available Språkkartlegging i barnehagen er et konfliktfylt felt som preges av enten/eller tenkning. På den ene siden ser kartleggingstilhengerne ut til å ha en positivistisk tro på at kartlegging kan bidra til løsninger på alt fra enkeltbarns behov for hjelp, til tilrettelegging for livslang læring og sosial utjevning. På den andre siden ser kartleggingsskeptikerne ut til å befinne seg innenfor den nordiske barnehagemodellen, som tradisjonelt bygger på et helhetlig syn på læring og på en sterk vektlegging av barndommens egenverdi. Spenningen kan ha store konsekvenser for praksisfeltet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg språkkartleggingsdiskursen i lys av teori om vitenskapelige kontroverser og konkluderer med at det er åpning for kompromisser, men også at det er tendenser i diskursen som snarere kan forsterke enn redusere uenigheten om språkkartlegging av flerspråklige barn i barnehagen. Mapping of language skills in early childhood education and care (ECEC institutions is controversial. On the one hand, there are those who support language mapping based on a belief that mapping and measuring can help language acquisition and facilitate lifelong learning and social integration. On the other hand, there are skeptics who oppose mapping and emphasize the values of childhood. This article discusses the discourses on language mapping in light of theories on scientific controversies. Based on the analysis I find that although there are openings for compromises, it seems that tendencies in the discourse may amplify rather than reduce the controversy on the language mapping of multilingual children in Norwegian ECEC institutions.
A.V. Usova's Contribution to the Field of Concept Learning in Physics Classroom
Yavoruk, Oleg
A.V. Usova (1921-2014) has always been one of the leading figures in Russian physics education. Her theory of physics concept formation was formulated during the 1970s and the 1980s and directly influenced the process of physics education in the 20th and the 21st century. Over the years there have been a lot of theories of concept formation. Her…
Kjemiske og biokjemiske studier av den maliske medisinplanten Terminalia macroptera : Etnofarmakologiske studier i Mali
Pham, Anh Thu
Blader fra den vest-afrikanske planten Terminalia macroptera ble ekstrahert suksessivt med diklormetan og metanol. Disse utgjorde råekstraktene, som var utgangspunkt for videre separasjon og fraksjonering ved hjelp av væske-væske ekstraksjon, kolonnekromatografi og tynnsjiktskromatografi. De isolerte forbindelsene ble strukturoppklart ved 1H-, 13C-, APT- og COSY NMR-spektroskopi. Shikimisyre, flavonoidglykosidene rutin og narcissin, og ellagitanninet corilagin ble isolert fra butanol-fasen...
Med sjefen på Facebook: En studie av ledere som er "venner" med sine ansatte
Jensen, Anita
MR690 Masteroppgave i organisasjon og ledelse - utdanningsledelse Formålet med studien er å belyse hvordan aktiv bruk av sosiale medier, i dette tilfellet Facebook, påvirker relasjoner mellom mennesker. Hva skjer når en tar i bruk en websjanger som i utgangspunktet er umiddelbar og uformell, til jobbrelatert og mer formell kommunikasjon? Er det sjangeren eller relasjonen som endres? Søkelyset rettes mot ledere som er "venner" med sine medarbeidere, og problemstillingen er...
Performance comparison of AV1, HEVC, and JVET video codecs on 360 (spherical) video
Topiwala, Pankaj; Dai, Wei; Krishnan, Madhu; Abbas, Adeel; Doshi, Sandeep; Newman, David
This paper compares the coding efficiency performance on 360 videos, of three software codecs: (a) AV1 video codec from the Alliance for Open Media (AOM); (b) the HEVC Reference Software HM; and (c) the JVET JEM Reference SW. Note that 360 video is especially challenging content, in that one codes full res globally, but typically looks locally (in a viewport), which magnifies errors. These are tested in two different projection formats ERP and RSP, to check consistency. Performance is tabulated for 1-pass encoding on two fronts: (1) objective performance based on end-to-end (E2E) metrics such as SPSNR-NN, and WS-PSNR, currently developed in the JVET committee; and (2) informal subjective assessment of static viewports. Constant quality encoding is performed with all the three codecs for an unbiased comparison of the core coding tools. Our general conclusion is that under constant quality coding, AV1 underperforms HEVC, which underperforms JVET. We also test with rate control, where AV1 currently underperforms the open source X265 HEVC codec. Objective and visual evidence is provided.
Characterisation of human AV-nodal properties using a network model.
Wallman, Mikael; Sandberg, Frida
Characterisation of the AV-node is an important step in determining the optimal form of treatment for supraventricular tachycardias. To integrate and analyse patient-specific measurements, mathematical modelling has emerged as a valuable tool. Here we present a model of the human AV-node, consisting of a series of interacting nodes, each with separate dynamics in refractory time and conduction delay. The model is evaluated in several scenarios, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and clinical pacing, using simulated and measured data. The model is able to replicate signals derived from clinical ECG data as well as from invasive measurements, both under AF and pacing. To quantify the uncertainty in parameter estimation, 1000 parameter sets were sampled, showing that model output similar to data corresponds to limited regions in the model parameter space. The model is the first human AV-node model to capture both spatial and temporal dynamics while being efficient enough to allow interactive use on clinical timescales, as well as parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification. As such, it fills a new niche in the current set of published models and forms a valuable tool for both understanding and clinical research.
Las enfermedades infecciosas y su importancia en el sector avícola
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Javier Andrés Jaimes Olaya
Full Text Available Dentro del contexto de un país cuyas mejores capacidades se encuentran en el sector agropecuario, la industria avícola se ha convertido en uno de los sectores más promisorios y de mayor crecimiento en Colombia. Por esta razón, actualmente se vienen implementando programas para el mejoramiento de la calidad de los productos avícolas, con el objetivo no solo de mantener el crecimiento de la industria,sino de poder expandir las fronteras de exportación. Sin embargo, la avicultura enfrenta un gran reto encuanto a su producción, debido a que las enfermedades infecciosas que afectan a las aves continúan siendo una problemática importante del sector, aun por encima de la alimentación y la genética. En este artículo se presentan elementos de relevancia referentes a la industria avícola, así como en relación con las enfermedades de control oficial y algunas de las enfermedades infecciosas que más la aquejan, enfatizando en la importancia de la intervención en el manejo y control de dichas enfermedades.
"Kven er det som skriv?" Skriveren i romanen Naustet av Jon Fosse
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Natascha Reinhoff
Full Text Available Når det gjelder romanen Naustet av Jon Fosse er det ikke tvil om at det blant annet – og kanskje hovedsaklig – er "dette noko / skrifta berettar om". Det er derfor denne romanen også kan kalles for en metaroman. Tematiseringen av skriveren og skriveprosessen i romanen tar ikke bare mye plass på historienivå: Den gjennomsyrer romanen. Nært forbundet med denne tematikken er et fenomen jeg ville kalle for "dobbeltperspektivet i romanen", og det er dette jeg vil se litt nærmere på her. Selv om romanen Naustet – i god postmoderne tradisjon – i siste – og kanskje allerede i første – instans unndrar seg en fast og entydig tilskrivning av betydning – og slik bevarer sin magi – skal jeg prøve å nærme meg skriveren og dobbeltperspektivet "eit stykke på veg". Men først et par ord om begrepet skriver.
Kodu, kallis kodu! / Kadri Paas
Paas, Kadri, 1982-
Riigikoguliikmete korteri üürikulude piirmäär tõuseb alates märtsist 7000 kroonini. Vt. samas: Hüvitist saab 34 saadikut; Riigikogulane üürib tuttavalt korterit; Kuidas hüvitise süsteem toimib?
"... en Juvel - paa en Tribune"
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lehrmann, Ulrik
Undersøgelse af Herman Bangs mangesidede virke som henholdsvis oplæser på turné i provinsen, forfatter af romanen Mikaël og journalist på avisen København i året 1904......Undersøgelse af Herman Bangs mangesidede virke som henholdsvis oplæser på turné i provinsen, forfatter af romanen Mikaël og journalist på avisen København i året 1904...
Phase 1 Trial of Subcutaneous rAvPAL-PEG in Subjects with Phenylketonuria
Longo, Nicola; Harding, Cary O.; Burton, Barbara K.; Grange, Dorothy K.; Vockley, Jerry; Wasserstein, Melissa; Rice, Gregory M.; Musson, Donald G.; Gu, Zhonghua; Sile, Saba
Objective Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by impaired activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine, leading to accumulation of phenylalanine and subsequent neurocognitive dysfunction. A phenylalanine-restricted diet initiated early in life can ameliorate the toxic effects of phenylalanine. However, the diet is onerous and compliance is extremely difficult. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a prokaryotic enzyme that converts phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid. This Phase 1, multicenter clinical trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of rAvPAL-PEG (recombinant Anabaena variabilis PAL produced in E. coli conjugated with polyethylene glycol [PEG] to reduce immunogenicity) in reducing phenylalanine levels in subjects with phenylketonuria. Methods Single subcutaneous injections of rAvPAL-PEG in escalating doses (0·001, 0·003, 0·01, 0·03, and 0·1 mg/kg) were administered to 25 adults with phenylketonuria recruited from those attending metabolic clinics in North America whose blood phenylalanine concentrations were ≥600 μmol/L. Results The most frequently reported adverse events were injection-site reactions and dizziness. Reactions were self-limited without sequelae. During the trial, two subjects had adverse reactions to intramuscular (IM) medroxyprogesterone acetate, a drug containing polyethylene glycol as an excipient. Three subjects developed a generalized skin rash at the highest rAvPAL-PEG dose (0·1 mg/kg). Drug levels peaked ∼5 days after the injection. Treatment was effective in reducing blood phenylalanine in all five subjects receiving the highest dose (0·1 mg/kg, mean percent change of -58 from baseline), with a nadir ∼6 days after injection and inverse correlation between drug and phenylalanine concentrations in plasma. Phenylalanine concentrations returned to near-baseline levels ∼20 days after the single injection. Conclusions
Frequency-dependent electrophysiological remodeling of the AV node by hydroalcohol extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) during experimental atrial fibrillation: the role of endogenous nitric oxide.
Khori, Vahid; Alizadeh, Ali Mohammad; Yazdi, Hamidreza; Rakhshan, Elnaz; Mirabbasi, Abbas; Changizi, Shima; Mazandarani, Masumeh; Nayebpour, Mohsen
The study assessed the hydroalcohol extract effects of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on (i) the basic and rate-dependent electrophysiological properties of the AV node, (ii) remodeling of the AV node during experimental atrial fibrillation (AF) and (iii) the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of saffron on the AV node. Stimulation protocols in isolated AV node were used to quantify AV nodal recovery, facilitation and fatigue in four groups of rabbits (n = 8-16 per group). In addition, the nodal response to AF was evaluated at multiple cycle lengths and during AF. Saffron had a depressant effect on AV nodal rate-dependent properties; further, it increased Wenckebach block cycle length, functional refractory period, facilitation and fatigue (p AV node (p AV node during AF by saffron. Saffron increased the AV nodal refractoriness and zone of concealment. These depressant effects of saffron were mediated by endogenous NO. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marknadsföring av Corporate Social Responsibility : En studie i Generation Y:s attityder till CSR samt attityder till marknadsföring av CSR inomsnabbmatsbranschen i Sverige
Pahkamaa, Tobias; Hamrin, Emil
Denna uppsats undersöker konsumentgrupp Generation Y:s attityd till Corporate SocialResponsibility (CSR) samt marknadsföring av CSR. Vidare undersöks i uppsatsen Generation Y:sattityder till CSR samt marknadsföring av CSR gällande detaljister inom snabbmatsbranschen iSverige. Uppsatsens teoribildning baseras på teorier om attityder från framförallt Fishbein ochAjzen (1975), samt teorier om CSR och marknadsföring av CSR. Teorin knyts samman i enanalysmodell baserad på Wang och Andersons (2011)...
Non-physiological increase of AV conduction time in sinus disease patients programmed in AAIR-based pacing mode.
Mabo, Philippe; Cebron, Jean-Pierre; Solnon, Aude; Tassin, Aude; Graindorge, Laurence; Gras, Daniel
The EVOCAV(DS) trial aimed to quantify the paradoxal atrioventricular (AV) conduction time lengthening in sinus node (SD) patients (pts) paced in AAIR-based pacing mode. SD pts, implanted with dual-chamber pacemaker programmed in AAIR-based pacing mode, were randomized in two arms for a 1-month period: the low atrial pacing (LAP; basic rate at 60 bpm, dual sensor with minimal slope) and the high atrial pacing (HAP; basic rate at 70 bpm, dual sensor with optimized slope, overdrive pacing) arm. At 1 month, crossover was performed for an additional 1-month period. AV conduction time, AV block occurrence and AV conduction time adaptation during exercise were ascertained from device memories at each follow-up. Seventy-nine pts participated to the analysis (75 ± 8 years; 32 male; PR = 184 ± 38 ms; bundle branch block n = 12; AF history n = 36; antiarrhythmic treatment n = 53; beta-blockers n = 27; class III/Ic n = 18; both n = 8). The mean AV conduction time was significantly greater during the HAP (275 ± 51 ms) vs. LAP (263 ± 49 ms) period (p AV blocks occurred in 49 % of pts in the HAP vs. 19 % in the LAP period (p AV conduction time during exercise. AAIR-based pacing in SD pts may induce a significant lengthening of pts' AV conduction time, including frequent abnormal adaptation of AV conduction time during exercise.
Validating novel tau positron emission tomography tracer [F-18]-AV-1451 (T807) on postmortem brain tissue.
Marquié, Marta; Normandin, Marc D; Vanderburg, Charles R; Costantino, Isabel M; Bien, Elizabeth A; Rycyna, Lisa G; Klunk, William E; Mathis, Chester A; Ikonomovic, Milos D; Debnath, Manik L; Vasdev, Neil; Dickerson, Bradford C; Gomperts, Stephen N; Growdon, John H; Johnson, Keith A; Frosch, Matthew P; Hyman, Bradley T; Gómez-Isla, Teresa
To examine region- and substrate-specific autoradiographic and in vitro binding patterns of positron emission tomography tracer [F-18]-AV-1451 (previously known as T807), tailored to allow in vivo detection of paired helical filament-tau-containing lesions, and to determine whether there is off-target binding to other amyloid/non-amyloid proteins. We applied [F-18]-AV-1451 phosphor screen autoradiography, [F-18]-AV-1451 nuclear emulsion autoradiography, and [H-3]-AV-1451 in vitro binding assays to the study of postmortem samples from patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and elderly controls free of pathology. Our data suggest that [F-18]-AV-1451 strongly binds to tau lesions primarily made of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer brains (eg, intraneuronal and extraneuronal tangles and dystrophic neurites), but does not seem to bind to a significant extent to neuronal and glial inclusions mainly composed of straight tau filaments in non-Alzheimer tauopathy brains or to lesions containing β-amyloid, α-synuclein, or TDP-43. [F-18]-AV-1451 off-target binding to neuromelanin- and melanin-containing cells and, to a lesser extent, to brain hemorrhagic lesions was identified. Our data suggest that [F-18]-AV-1451 holds promise as a surrogate marker for the detection of brain tau pathology in the form of tangles and paired helical filament-tau-containing neurites in Alzheimer brains but also point to its relatively lower affinity for lesions primarily made of straight tau filaments in non-Alzheimer tauopathy cases and to the existence of some [F-18]-AV-1451 off-target binding. These findings provide important insights for interpreting in vivo patterns of [F-18]-AV-1451 retention
The tau positron-emission tomography tracer AV-1451 binds with similar affinities to tau fibrils and monoamine oxidases.
Vermeiren, Céline; Motte, Philippe; Viot, Delphine; Mairet-Coello, Georges; Courade, Jean-Philippe; Citron, Martin; Mercier, Joël; Hannestad, Jonas; Gillard, Michel
Lilly/Avid's AV-1451 is one of the most advanced tau PET tracers in the clinic. Although results obtained in Alzheimer's disease patients are compelling, discrimination of tracer uptake in healthy individuals and patients with supranuclear palsy (PSP) is less clear as there is substantial overlap of signal in multiple brain regions. Moreover, accurate quantification of [ 18 F]AV-1451 uptake in Alzheimer's disease may not be possible. The aim of the present study was to characterize the in vitro binding of AV-1451 to understand and identify potential off-target binding that could explain the poor discrimination observed in PSP patients. [ 3 H]AV-1451 and AV-1451 were characterized in in vitro binding assays using recombinant and native proteins/tissues from postmortem samples of controls and Alzheimer's disease and PSP patients. [ 3 H]AV-1451 binds to multiple sites with nanomolar affinities in brain homogenates and to tau fibrils isolated from Alzheimer's disease or PSP patients. [ 3 H]AV-1451 also binds with similarly high affinities in brain homogenates devoid of tau pathology. This unexpected binding was demonstrated to be because of nanomolar affinities of [ 3 H]AV-1451 for monoamine oxidase A and B enzymes. High affinity of AV-1451 for monoamine oxidase proteins may limit its utility as a tau PET tracer in PSP and Alzheimer's disease because of high levels of monoamine oxidase expression in brain regions also affected by tau deposition, especially if monoamine oxidase levels change over time or with a treatment intervention. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Multimodal correlation of dynamic [18F]-AV-1451 perfusion PET and neuronal hypometabolism in [18F]-FDG PET.
Hammes, Jochen; Leuwer, Isabel; Bischof, Gérard N; Drzezga, Alexander; van Eimeren, Thilo
Cerebral glucose metabolism measured with [18F]-FDG PET is a well established marker of neuronal dysfunction in neurodegeneration. The tau-protein tracer [18F]-AV-1451 PET is currently under evaluation and shows promising results. Here, we assess the feasibility of early perfusion imaging with AV-1451 as a substite for FDG PET in assessing neuronal injury. Twenty patients with suspected neurodegeneration underwent FDG and early phase AV-1451 PET imaging. Ten one-minute timeframes were acquired after application of 200 MBq AV-1451. FDG images were acquired on a different date according to clinical protocol. Early AV-1451 timeframes were coregistered to individual FDG-scans and spatially normalized. Voxel-wise intermodal correlations were calculated on within-subject level for every possible time window. The window with highest pooled correlation was considered optimal. Z-transformed deviation maps (ZMs) were created from both FDG and early AV-1451 images, comparing against FDG images of healthy controls. Regional patterns and extent of perfusion deficits were highly comparable to metabolic deficits. Best results were observed in a time window from 60 to 360 s (r = 0.86). Correlation strength ranged from r = 0.96 (subcortical gray matter) to 0.83 (frontal lobe) in regional analysis. ZMs of early AV-1451 and FDG images were highly similar. Perfusion imaging with AV-1451 is a valid biomarker for assessment of neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Radiation exposure and complexity of the diagnostic workup could be reduced significantly by routine acquisition of early AV-1451 images, sparing additional FDG PET.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy and AV optimization increase myocardial oxygen consumption, but increase cardiac function more than proportionally.
Kyriacou, Andreas; Pabari, Punam A; Mayet, Jamil; Peters, Nicholas S; Davies, D Wyn; Lim, P Boon; Lefroy, David; Hughes, Alun D; Kanagaratnam, Prapa; Francis, Darrel P; Whinnett, Zachary I
The mechanoenergetic effects of atrioventricular delay optimization during biventricular pacing ("cardiac resynchronization therapy", CRT) are unknown. Eleven patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) underwent invasive measurements of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure, aortic flow velocity-time-integral (VTI) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at 4 pacing states: biventricular pacing (with VV 0 ms) at AVD 40 ms (AV-40), AVD 120 ms (AV-120, a common nominal AV delay), at their pre-identified individualised haemodynamic optimum (AV-Opt); and intrinsic conduction (LBBB). AV-120, relative to LBBB, increased LV developed pressure by a mean of 11(SEM 2)%, p=0.001, and aortic VTI by 11(SEM 3)%, p=0.002, but also increased MVO2 by 11(SEM 5)%, p=0.04. AV-Opt further increased LV developed pressure by a mean of 2(SEM 1)%, p=0.035 and aortic VTI by 4(SEM 1)%, p=0.017. MVO2 trended further up by 7(SEM 5)%, p=0.22. Mechanoenergetics at AV-40 were no different from LBBB. The 4 states lay on a straight line for Δexternal work (ΔLV developed pressure × Δaortic VTI) against ΔMVO2, with slope 1.80, significantly >1 (p=0.02). Biventricular pacing and atrioventricular delay optimization increased external cardiac work done but also myocardial oxygen consumption. Nevertheless, the increase in cardiac work was ~80% greater than the increase in oxygen consumption, signifying an improvement in cardiac mechanoenergetics. Finally, the incremental effect of optimization on external work was approximately one-third beyond that of nominal AV pacing, along the same favourable efficiency trajectory, suggesting that AV delay dominates the biventricular pacing effect - which may therefore not be mainly "resynchronization". © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Site selection for disposal of nuclear waste - on what grounds? A report from hearings at the Council June 4-5 2008; Platsval foer slutfoervar av kaernavfall - paa vilka grunder? En rapport fraan kaernavfallsraadets utfraaning den 4-5 juni 2008
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
As part of the Nuclear Waste Council's own knowledge-building on site selection, the Council organized a hearing on the what grounds site selection will be made. The public hearing, had several objectives: to contribute to knowledge building on site selection for Nuclear Waste Council and other actors, to contribute to an improved basis for site selection by clarifying the factors and values of importance, to clarify the different actors' expectations SKB's future accounting, to highlight how to deal with different aspects (safety, geological, environmental, infrastructural, socio-economic and democratic) instruments for site selection, and to identify operators of critical issues. The report is divided into the following sections: The Government's View on the upcoming Site Selection; the Site Selection Process, The View of the Local Communities on the Site Selection; the Current Status of the Selection Process, SKB's plans, the Site-Selection Factors; he Authorities' perspective; the Environmental Organizations perspective; Reflections of the Council on the Hearings; Discussion and Analysis of Key Issues related to Groundwater Flow, Final Discussion
Energy consumption in farm operation buildings - A survey of 16 farms 2005-2006, complemented by measurements on two farms 2010-2012; Energifoerbrukning i jordbrukets driftsbyggnader - En kartlaeggning av 16 gaardar 2005-2006, kompletterat med maetningar paa tvaa gaardar 2010-2012
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hoerndahl, Torsten; Neuman, Lars
In Sweden the agricultural sector is estimated to use approximately 3,7 TWh per year as electricity or as fuel. About 34% of this total is estimated to be used in the production of beef, pork, eggs and milk, including the spreading of manures. There is also some energy used for harvesting ley and cereals as feed, which is not included. Most of the energy is used as electricity (approx 63%). These estimates are made by Edstroem et al (2005) who based them on data from elderly studies. Since the farmers have made great efforts to use less energy and there are less enterprises with dairy cows and pigs the total use of energy in farming is less than this estimation. Most of the technical equipment is still the same today on farms of equivalent size and production methods. However, herds of pigs and cattle are bigger now, and therefore new equipment is being used. This report are a revised edition of Hoerndahl, 2007 and Hoerndahl 2009 and new data from Neuman et al (2007) are added. The purpose revision was to update data about energy use on modern farms of a size, and with technical equipment, that could be expected to be in use for the next 10-15 years. This revision was possible due to a project at LRF funded by Agricultural Office.
Business perspectives on 'Joint Implementation': A study of conditions for Swedish company participation in Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol; Foeretagsperspektiv paa 'Joint Implementation'. En studie av foerutsaettningar foer svenska foeretags deltagande i Gemensamt genomfoerande under Kyotoprotokollet
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Burstroem von Malmborg, Fredrik [Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden); Borgstroem, Truls; Dethlefsen, Ulrika; Kling, Aasa [Vattenfall AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
At present, suggestions as for how a JI system would be designed and implemented are being worked out on a national level in Sweden and other countries. An important question in international and national climate policy and thus in work related to JI is how to engage companies. In order to make companies interested in investing and participating in JI, the mechanisms must be compatible with the ways in which companies work. Hence, knowledge and concern of conditions for those who are supposed to implement the politics in practice would be a key issue for the institutions that shape climate policy and JI systems. Given this background and the present situation regarding JI, this report aims at providing a business perspective on the prerequisites for implementing JI in Sweden. The main question addressed in the report is: What would make Swedish companies participate in JI projects? The study underlying this report covered three workshops where representatives of in all 15 Swedish companies from different industry sectors, by working in group, determined and discussed opportunities and obstacles for participation of companies in JI as well as concrete measures as for enabling such participation. From the empirical data collected we have found that Swedish companies, if not directly opposed to JI, play a waiting game at present regarding investments and participation in specific JI projects. According to the data, companies would invest and participate in JI projects if and only if it is found to be the most competitive of different alternatives for the company to meet its carbon dioxide emission restrictions or a profitable project. The former condition applies for companies with considerable CO{sub 2} emissions, the latter for companies with low or no such emissions. However, JI is currently perceived of as risky and associated with large uncertainties. The perceived uncertainties associated with JI participation are mainly related to indistinct and ambiguous messages in the Swedish national climate policy. In addition could be mentioned ambiguities whether the Swedish state is interested in JI from a climate policy perspective or rather from technology export and development aid perspectives. Except for some Swedish state authorities, hardly any actor tells that companies could participate in JI. In a situation like the present, where no strong policy coalitions in the organisation fields of companies speak clearly in favour of JI, it appears to be a legitimate and strategically sound behaviour of Swedish companies to adopt a wait-and-see policy regarding JI. The level of knowledge about JI is relatively low in most companies today, and there is limited preparedness internally in most companies as for how to manage a JI project. There are also uncertainties concerning the external organisation of a JI project. What kinds of contacts and agreements with actors in the country where the project will be carried out will be required? The transaction specific investments of a JI project, e.g. costs for raising the internal competence and for creating and maintaining necessary contacts, may show to be very high. Analysing the empirical data in a framework of transaction cost theory indicates that JI is a less favourable alternative than internal measures for reducing emissions of CO{sub 2} and other greenhouse gases, at least at present. Regarding the creation of JI rules, the participating companies put forward a number of concrete suggestions. Among other things can be mentioned that companies that produce and provide emission reducing technology may consider participation in JI provided that their specific products are used in the JI project and that they are allowed to take part in the project from an early planning stage. Regarding companies with CO{sub 2} emissions, they only consider investments in projects within their industry branch. For companies acting on an international competitive market this implies that they are interested only in investing in JI projects in own industrial plants in the host country, if they have any. A corresponding restriction on participation in JI projects were not found in other CO{sub 2} emitting companies, e.g. energy companies, who act on more local markets although they active in many countries. Representatives of all companies and branches covered in our study asserted that their companies would only invest and participate in JI projects in countries where they are already working. However, countries that are prioritised in the effort to meet framework agreements between Sweden and potential host countries for Swedish JI projects are of low priority according to these companies. It should also be mentioned that many companies see a problem in JI-projects being exclusively focused upon climate issues when it comes to crediting. (abstract truncated)
Applied watercourse research - An analysis of future needs. Report from a seminar at Hell, North Troendelag, November 20-21, 1995; Anvendt vassdragsforskning - en analyse av fremtidige behov. Rapport fra seminar paa Hell, Nord-Troendelag, 20-21 november 1995
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Skarboevik, E.; Faugli, P.E. [eds.
The future needs for research on issues related to Norwegian watercourse management were discussed at a seminar at Hell near Trondheim, on November 20-21, 1995. This publication reviews the work done on the seminar. Several topics in hydrology and applied watercourse management were discussed and suggestions were made for future research activities. General factors believed to influence future research activities include the possible shift in hydrologic and water science perspective from a segmented to a more holistic view of the watercourse: the expected increasing need for interdisciplinary research and institutional cooperation, the continued need for in-depth understanding of certain disciplines, the significance of an upcoming law on watercourse issues, and the effect of climate change. It is recommended that future research should be concentrated to a few watercourses and that a research programme on watercourse environment should be established. Projects are recommended on floods and flood control, on climate change and its effect on watercourses, on knowledge distribution, on the effects of new strategies such as peaking for management of hydroelectric power plants. These recommendations will be used to develop a research programme for the period 1997-2000. 35 refs., 16 figs., 6 tabs.
Leaching and retention of nutrients and trace elements in peat nineteen years after wood ash application and afforestation of a terminated peat cutover area; Utlakning och retention av naeringsaemnen och spaaraemnen i torv nitton aar efter vedasktillfoersel och beskogning paa en avslutad torvtaekt
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nilsson, Torbjoern; Lundin, Lars (Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7001, SE-750 07 Uppsala (Sweden))
Ash application on peatlands for improved biomass production attracts great interest. On drained peatlands in forestry use, application of wood ash would increase the forest production. Before such activities starts on a large-scale, the existing knowledge in this field should be compiled, with the aim to illustrate positive and negative effects of such a measure and to suggest recommendations for wood ash application to drained and afforested peatlands. The aim of this project was to investigate how much of different nutrients and trace elements that was still left in the peat, 19 years after application of 23 tonnes of wood fly ash, 0.6 tonnes of raw phosphate and 0.25 tonnes of superphosphate per hectare to 14 hectares of a terminated peat cutover area. This area was located on a mire, Flakmossen, in west-central Sweden. As it was nearly 40 years since peat harvesting had terminated on this mire, the area was drained before the application of wood ash and phosphorus fertilizer. A tractor-driven cultivator mixed the applied fertilizers with the upper 30-40 cm of the remaining peat and afterwards different tree species were planted in the cultivated peat. Peat sampling, down to 80 cm depth, was carried out before soil treatment, one year after, three years after and 19 years after the soil treatment. Analyses of these peat samples showed that: - After the soil treatments an initial increase of pH in the upper peat layers (0-40 cm depth) was observed, but 19 years after the soil treatments pH had decreased to levels that were lower than before the treatments. This decrease in pH was probably due to an oxidation of sulphur compounds in the peat, which was a result of the drainage. This acidification of the peat could not be buffered by the large dose of applied wood ash. However, it should be observed that the main part of the peat in this field study consists of reed peat, that has a considerable higher sulphur content than other peat types. - Nineteen years after the soil treatment more than 70 % of Mg, 60 % of K, almost 50 % of Mn and more than 20 % of applied Ca had leached out from the peat. The applied amount of P seemed to be retained in peat, humus layer and biomass. A large proportion of P was probably confined to Fe- and Al-oxides in the peat. - Of the applied amounts of trace elements, approximately 50 % of Cd, 25 % of Ba and less than 10 % of Zn had leached out from the peat. For other trace elements it was difficult to make estimations due to the few analyses of these elements before the soil treatments. However, applied Pb has probably not been leached out from the peat. This investigation shows that before application of ashes to afforested peatlands, with the intention to increase the forest production, it is important to analyse both the peat and ashes to optimize the choices of ash, ash treatment (including possible enrichment of the ash with for example K or P), and ash dose. To receive a sustainable high production of stemwood on such peatlands it probably requires that the ash dose in most cases has to be higher than 3 tonnes per hectare (a dose suggested by the Swedish National Board of Forestry)
House owners' views on investing in district heating - a study of applied sales strategies and the customers choice at conversion from electric heating; Smaahusaegarnas syn paa att koepa fjaerrvaerme - en studie av tillaempade foersaeljningsstrategier och kunders val vid konvertering fraan direktverkande el
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sernhed, Kerstin; Pyrko, Jurek [Div. of Efficient Energy Systems, Dept. of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Lund (Sweden)
This report presents results from the project 'Converting direct resistive electric heating into district heating - customer related aspects'. The main objective of this study was to investigate how specific households within one housing area (Sandsbro in Vaexjoe with 110 one-family houses) experienced the conversion process, in order to understand the reasons behind 'yes' or 'no' responses to the utility's offer. A qualitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interviews with a specially selected sample of households from 10 converted and 13 not converted houses was chosen as the main method. The investigation led to the following conclusions and recommendations: Household reactions to the terms of sale and conversion: Many households felt that the decisions were rushed - there is a need for better planning, especially for the older households. The information provided was evaluated as detailed and sufficient. The 'demonstration villa' was a good idea but the installation should be done more professionally - aesthetics are very important here. Home visits were the only personal contact and should be conducted in all houses in order to answer questions and explain problems. Co-ordination of excavation should be better in order to limit the time the ground is open. A few of the households undertook some of the works themselves to reduce costs but the compensation was often considered as too low to motivate customers. Household opinions on the product and/or service: Almost all households felt that the thermal comfort was better than before - more stable indoor temperature, no problems with overheated radiators or smell of burning dust. On the other hand, hot water comfort was worse - longer waiting time for hot water and too low water temperature during summer. Aesthetics were considered very important and could be crucial for the decision to convert the heating system. Many of the interviewed households were uncertain how to adjust and take care of the system - there is a notable need for information here. Household understanding of the economic terms of the district heating conversion: It was clear that many of the interviewed households did not have a view about the change of energy costs after conversion. It was also difficult for them to make a profitability analysis before the decision. However, the offer was considered to be very favourable in this specific case. It is important that the offer and investment comes at the right time for the households - regardless of the price. One argument raised against district heating conversion was fear of monopoly and high energy costs. All households, even those not converted, were convinced that the investment would be paid back in the future because of an increased property value following conversion. Household reasons to say 'no' to district heating conversion: The household has recently invested in a new heating system or in a secondary system, Negative views about aesthetics of the waterborne system, It's too labour intensive to convert, Wrong facts or misunderstanding. Household reasons to say 'yes' to district heating conversion: Improved thermal comfort, Convenience, Low investment costs, Expectations about lower energy costs, Few alternatives to direct resistive space heating, Better than electricity from an environmental point of view. Statistical analysis proved that variables such as 'age', 'type of household' and 'energy use level' could, to some extent, be related to the decision to convert from electric radiators to district heating.
Pastorer i trosbevegelsen : en studie av to norske pastorer sin autoritetsforståelse og rolleforståelse
Bryne, Jarle
Masteroppgave i kristendomskunnskap - Universitetet i Agder 2007 Jeg har valgt bevisst et omfattende sammendrag. Sammendraget er utformet med tanke på at det skal være mulig for leseren å få et inntrykk av mine resultater i prosjektet uten at leseren trenger å lese hele prosjektet. Jeg har laget et sammendrag fra hvert kapittel. Kapittel 1: Prosjektet mitt handler om undersøkelser av to sentrale ledere i trosbevegelen. Henholdsvis Åge Åleskjær som er leder av Oslo Kristne Senter på Kjel...
Lean Construction applicerat på betongkonstruktion : The Last Planner och visuell metodik för reducering av produktionstidsvariationer
Udroiu, Cristina
Bakgrunden till detta examensarbete är byggföretagens utmaningar med att bedriva byggprojekt där nya och unika objekt skall konstrueras, med många nya förutsättningar och allt som oftast även en ny sammansättning av personalstyrkan. Ett gemensamt behov för dessa byggprojekt är att effektivt kunna hantera en mängd av olika och nya variationer. Oden anläggningsentreprenad AB presenterade ett problem gällande oönskade variationer av produktionstider för betongmonoliter som innefattar mycket repe...
E-læring som pedagogisk virkemiddel for innlæring av anatomi, fysiologi og biokjemi i sykepleierutdanningen
Meyer, Mona Elisabeth
Utgangspunktet for studien er at naturvitenskaplige fag, særlig anatomi, fysiologi og biokjemi (AFB), oppleves som vanskelig for sykepleierstudentene. Hensikten var å undersøke om læringsverktøyet e-læring, i form av nettester, kan være et effektivt virkemiddel til innlæring av og påvirke læringsutbyttet i AFB.Førsteårsstudentene i bachelorutdanningen i sykepleie ved Høgskolen i Akershus fikk et spørreskjema med 23 spørsmål som ble besvart anonymt.Resultatet av studentundersøkelsen viste at n...
3D-skanning og 3D-printing som metode for produksjon av prøvehylser til overekstremiteter
Gabrielsen, Kristine Falk
Den tradisjonelle metoden å produsere prøvehylser til proteser på innebærer en gipsavstøpning av amputasjonsstumpen før oppvarmet, gjennomsiktig termoplast trekkes over gipsavstøpningen ved hjelp av vakuum. Prosessen tar lang tid og krever at pasienten besøker klinikken flere ganger før prøvehylsen er klar. Målet med oppgaven er å avdekke om 3D-skanning og 3D-printing kan lønne seg tids- og kostnadsmessig som metode for produksjon av prøvehylser til overekstremiteter, samtidig som det gir et ...
Intervensjonsstudien "Forebyggelse av lårhalsbrudd". Metode og praktisk gjennomføring
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elisabeth Kvaavik
Full Text Available Bakgrunn 3 kan forebygge brudd blant sykehjemsbeboere. Her beskrivesmetoden og den praktiske gjennomføringen av studien.Metode mg vitamin D daglig som 5 ml tran og kontrollgruppa fikk 5 ml tran der vitamin D var fjernet. Endepunktenevar lårhalsbrudd og alle ikke-vertebrale brudd. Et enkelt studieopplegg ble vektlagt. På bakgrunnav styrkeberegningen var målsetningen å inkludere ca. 2000 deltakere.Resultater Konklusjon The intervention study"Prevention of hip fractures". Nor J Epidemiol 2000; 10 (1: 79-85. Background 3 can prevent suchfractures. Here we present the method and the implementation of the study.Method mg vitamin D daily in 5 ml cod liver oil for 2 years and the control group received 5 ml cod liver oilwithout vitamin D. The endpoints were hip fractures and all non-vertebral fractures. It was consideredimportant to use a trial that the nursing homes would find easy to implement. According to power calculationthe aim was to include about 2000 participants.Results Conclusion : The participation was lower than expected as recruiting nursing homes and nursing homeresidents posed considerable difficulty. However, the great majority of the ward staff at the participatingwards did not find the intervention demanding. A total of 1144 was included in the study.: A total of 1144 residents from 51 nursing homes (of 106 invited in Oslo, Lier and Bergen participated.The participation rate at the individual nursing home varied from 3 to 57%. The participants were85 years old and 3/4 were women. Mean calcium intake from cheese and milk was 450 mg/day, more than40% used a vitamin D supplement while only 3% used a calcium supplement. 1/3 of the participants completedthe 2 years intervention, about 1/3 finished the intervention before 2 years because of death and 1/3finished before 2 years of other causes. The great majority of the wards did not find the interventiondemanding.: A randomised, double
Att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning : erfarenheter av stöd och av att vara professionell stödjare.
Lindblad, Britt-Marie
Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att tolka och beskriva innebörder av stöd, utifrån att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning och att vara professionella stödjare. Datainsamling har skett i form av berättande intervjuer med 39 föräldrar (23 mödrar och 16 fäder) och 9 professionella (7 kvinnor, 2 män) från olika verksamheter. Samtliga intervjuer har analyserats med hjälp av fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod. Innebörder av att vara förälder till barn med funktionsnedsättning (stud...
Brain uptake of a non-radioactive pseudo-carrier and its effect on the biodistribution of [(18)F]AV-133 in mouse brain.
Wu, Xianying; Zhou, Xue; Zhang, Shuxian; Zhang, Yan; Deng, Aifang; Han, Jie; Zhu, Lin; Kung, Hank F; Qiao, Jinping
9-[(18)F]Fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([(18)F]AV-133) is a new PET imaging agent targeting vesicular monoamine transporter type II (VMAT2). To shorten the preparation of [(18)F]AV-133 and to make it more widely available, a simple and rapid purification method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) instead of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The SPE method produced doses containing the non-radioactive pseudo-carrier 9-hydroxypropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine (AV-149). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the brain uptake of AV-149 by UPLC-MS/MS and its effect on the biodistribution of [(18)F]AV-133 in the brains of mice. The mice were injected with a bolus including [(18)F]AV-133 and different doses of AV-149. Brain tissue and blood samples were harvested. The effect of different amounts of AV-149 on [(18)F]AV-133 was evaluated by quantifying the brain distribution of radiolabelled tracer [(18)F]AV-133. The concentrations of AV-149 in the brain and plasma were analyzed using a UPLC-MS/MS method. The concentrations of AV-149 in the brain and plasma exhibited a good linear relationship with the doses. The receptor occupancy curve was fit, and the calculated ED50 value was 8.165mg/kg. The brain biodistribution and regional selectivity of [(18)F]AV-133 had no obvious differences at AV-149 doses lower than 0.1mg/kg. With increasing doses of AV-149, the brain biodistribution of [(18)F]AV-133 changed significantly. The results are important to further support that the improved radiolabelling procedure of [(18)F]AV-133 using an SPE method may be suitable for routine clinical application. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Catheter ablation of pediatric AV nodal reentrant tachycardia: results in small children.
Krause, Ulrich; Backhoff, David; Klehs, Sophia; Kriebel, Thomas; Paul, Thomas; Schneider, Heike E
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is commonly encountered in pediatric patients. Definite treatment can be achieved by catheter ablation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AVNRT ablation focusing on children with a body weight ≤25 kg. Catheter ablation of AVNRT was attempted in 253 patients. Median age was 12.5 years; median body weight was 48.7 kg. 25 (9.9 %) children had a body weight ≤25 kg. Congenital heart disease was present in 6 patients (2.4 %). Procedural success was achieved in 98 % using radiofrequency, in 100 % using cryoenergy alone, and in 94 % using both energy sources. In patients with a body weight ≤25 kg, success was achieved in 96 %. In patients ≤25 kg, fluoroscopy and procedure duration did not differ from those >25 kg. The rate of major complications was significantly higher in the patients ≤25 kg (12 vs. 2.2 %, p = 0.04). Permanent AV block after RF ablation occurred in 2 patients with congenital heart disease and one infant with a body weight of 8.7 kg. Catheter ablation of AVNRT in children and adolescents was safe and effective. Infants and small children with a body weight ≤25 kg had a higher prevalence of serious complications. This should alert physicians in decision making toward catheter ablation in these patients. In patients with congenital heart disease and different anatomy of the cardiac conduction system, operators must be aware of an increased risk for AV block.
Diskurzivna konstrukcija lokalnih živil rekoloniziranih držav kot "superživil"
Števanec, Renata
Diplomsko delo sodi na področje kritičnih diskurzivnih študij. Uporabimo dialektično-relacijski model kritične diskurzivne analize, kakor ga je razvil Norman Fairclough, da prikažemo povezavo med neoliberalnim normativom osebne odgovornosti za zdravje in konstrukcijo »superživil«. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge predstavimo družbeni in ekonomsko-politični kontekst proizvodnje lokalnih živil rekoloniziranih držav, ki jih globalni trg promovira kot »superživila«, in izpostavimo povezav...
"rand on klaasist ..." = "strondin er av glasi ..." : [luuletused] / T̤roddur Poulsen ; tlk. Arvo Alas
Poulsen, T̤roddur
Sisu: "rand on klaasist ..." = "strondin er av glasi ..."; "vesi kannab endas ka nukrust ..." = "vatiņ ber eisini sorg ..."; "Nägin unes et olid ..." = "Droymdi at t{250} ..."; "Tulevik kuulub lihale ..." = "Visi̤nin er kjaet ..."; "Ma pole kirjutanud ..." = "Eg har ikki skriva̧ ..."; "Fäärid sinus. Fäärid minus. Fäärid sidrunis. Fäärid ..." = "Faeroyar Í t̆r. Faeroyar Í m̆r. Faeroyar Í citr̤nini. Faeroyar ... "; "Ma ei suuda kirjutada ..." = "Eg kan ikki skriva ..."
Fiskeren som forsvant? En studie av avfolking, overbefolking og endringsprosesser i norsk fiskerinæring
Johnsen, Jahn Petter
Hva er en fisker? Dette er det sentrale spørsmålet i denne avhandlinga. Spørsmålet er utgangspunkt for å utforske endringsprosesser i fiskerinæringa, både i fortida og i samtida. På bakgrunn av dette drøfter avhandlinga hvilke oppfatninger, forståelser og beskrivelser som til enhver tid benyttes til å definere hva fiskere er i ulike sammenhenger. Undersøkelsen starter i det som kan kalles rekrutteringsdiskursen i fiske, som nettopp handler om hva fiskere er og hvordan de skapes...
Tau-PET imaging with [18F]AV-1451 in primary progressive apraxia of speech.
Utianski, Rene L; Whitwell, Jennifer L; Schwarz, Christopher G; Senjem, Matthew L; Tosakulwong, Nirubol; Duffy, Joseph R; Clark, Heather M; Machulda, Mary M; Petersen, Ronald C; Jack, Clifford R; Lowe, Val J; Josephs, Keith A
Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder characterized by combinations of slow speaking rate, abnormal prosody, distorted sound substitutions, and trial-and-error articulatory movements. Apraxia of speech is due to abnormal planning and/or programming of speech production. It is referred to as primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) when it is the only symptom of a neurodegenerative condition. Past reports suggest an association of PPAOS with primary 4-repeat (4R) tau (e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration), rather than amyloid, pathology. The goal of the current study was to investigate the distribution of tau tracer uptake using [18F]AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with PPAOS. Fourteen PPAOS patients underwent [18F]AV-1451 PET (tau-PET) imaging, [C11] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET and structural MRI and were matched 3:1 by age and sex to 42 cognitively normal controls. Tau-PET uptake was assessed at the region-of-interest (ROI) level and at the voxel-level. The PPAOS group (n = 14) showed increased tau-PET uptake in the precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area and Broca's area compared to controls. To examine whether tau deposition in Broca's area was related to the presence of aphasia, we examined a subgroup of the PPAOS patients who had predominant apraxia of speech, with concomitant aphasia (PPAOSa; n = 7). The PPAOSa patients showed tau-PET uptake in the same regions as the whole group. However, the remaining seven patients who did not have aphasia showed uptake only in superior premotor and precentral cortices, with no uptake observed in Broca's area. This cross-sectional study demonstrates that elevated tau tracer uptake is observed using [18F]AV-1451 in PPAOS. Further, it appears that [18F]AV-1451 is sensitive to the regional distribution of tau deposition in different stages of PPAOS, given the relationship between tau signal in Broca's area and the presence of aphasia. Copyright �
Complete A-V block: incidental or a part of cor triatriatum dexter.
Guler, Y; Akgun, T; Toprak, C; Guler, A; Esen, A M
Cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) is an extremely rare cardiac anomaly in which the right atrium is divided into two distinct chambers by a membrane. The persistence of the right valve of sinus venosus results in a complete septation of the right atrium. This anomaly is frequently associated with other right-sided cardiac abnormalities. Its clinical manifestation and the need for intervention are determined by the number and the size of the fenestrations on the membrane, associated cardiac anomalies and arrhythmias. We describe a case of CTD in a patient with complete atrioventricular (A-V) block.
Individuell variasjon i utskillelse av 6-sulfatoksymelatonin og døgnrytmetype analysert hos skiftarbeidere
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tore Tynes
Full Text Available SAMMENDRAGI denne studien har vi undersøkt om det finnes noen sammenheng mellom målte verdier av urinmetabolitten6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s tatt ut i porsjoner gjennom døgnet og selvrapportert døgnrytme hos engruppe norske skiftarbeidere. Studien omfatter 19 arbeidstakere ved to produksjonsenheter ved HydroPorsgrunn, magnesiumfabrikken og fullgjødselfabrikk 3. Etter å ha deltatt i en studie der urinprøver blesamlet inn, svarte de involverte senere på et spørreskjema om søvn og døgnrytme. Resultatene indikerer ategenrapporterte B-type mennesker har en tendens til høyere midlere timeutskillelse av aMT6s analysert pådøgnbasis første døgn med nattskift, og en signifikant høyere nattutskillelse (8 timer i et kontrolldøgnhjemme. I fremtidige studier av melatoninsekresjon og utskillelse av metabolitt i urin, kan det være avinteresse samtidig å samle inn spørreskjemabaserte opplysninger om døgnrytmetype og utfyllende opplysningerom søvn og søvnmønster i relasjon til eksponeringer som skiftarbeid og andre arbeidsmiljøfaktorersom kan ha effekt på hormonbalansen.Tynes T, Haugsdal B, Tønnessen A, Kleiven M. Individual variations in excretion of6-sulfatoxymelatonin in morning and evening type Norwegian shift workers.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between measured values of the urinemetabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s in samples collected at selected intervals and self-reported diurnalrhythm in a group of Norwegian shift workers. The study included 19 workers at two production unitsat Hydro Porsgrunn, the magnesium factory and fertiliser factory 3. After submitting the urine samplesused for the study, subjects filled in a questionnaire on sleep and diurnal rhythm at a later date. The resultsindicate that self-reported evening type subjects have a tendency towards a higher mean hourly aMT6ssecretionfirst day on night shift, and a significantly higher night
Leken med modelleseren : en analyse av Kerstin Ekmans roman "Händelser vid vatten"
Minsås, Unni Wenche
Mitt prosjekt har vært å undersøke hvordan ulike lesere teoretisk sett vil forholde seg til Kerstin Ekmans roman Händelser vid vatten. Til dette formål har jeg brukt Ecos semiotiske leserteori som et redskap, for mellom annet å vise hvilke elementer i tekstens strategi som skaper de ulike modelleserne, hvordan leserne virker inn på teksten, og hva slags betydning forfatteren har som del av teksten for disse lesertypene. Min påstand var i utgangspunktet at en naiv modelleser først og fre...
Jämförelse av Vuokkoset varumärkets image och profil
Lindblad, Amanda
Syftet med examensarbetet var att jämföra Vuokkoset produkternas profil och image, samt att utreda hur konsumenten upplever förpackningen. Uppdragsgivaren för arbetet var Delipap Oy, vars varumärke Vuokkoset intimhygienprodukterna är. Företaget hade aldrig tidigare undersökt förpackningarnas funktionalitet på konsumenter. Som teori har använts både elekroniska källor och böcker. Examensarbetet utfördes som en kvalitativ undersökning. Undersökningen gjordes med hjälp av individuella intervj...
Seguimiento de la construcción de edificio 43 viviendas Av/ Juan XXIII Valencia
Convenios con empresa. La obra prevé la construcción de un edificio de 41 viviendas VP + 2 viviendas libres, constando de 2 plantas sótano para uso de aparcamiento y trasteros, planta baja con local comercial, 8 plantas con 5 viviendas por planta y una planta ático con 3 viviendas. La obra está en su fase de estructura, habiéndose realizado las plantas de sótano. Burgos Romero, L. (2011). Seguimiento de la construcción de edificio 43 viviendas Av/ Juan XXIII Valencia. http://hdl.handle.net...
Införandet av IAS 41 : Hur har kapitalfördelningen mellan intressenter i den norska laxodlingsbranschen utvecklats?
Dahlén, Jonas; Josefsson, Carl
Införandet av IAS 41 medförde att redovisningsprinciperna för värderingen av ett företags biologiska tillgångar förändrades. Det finns forskning på hur införandet av IAS 41 påverkat olika aktörer inom skogsindustrin men lite är skrivet om dess påverkan på laxodlingsindustrin. Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka hur kapitalfördelningen till intressenter utvecklats sedan införandet av IAS 41. Studien fokuserar på intressenterna ägare och anställda. Vi har tillämpat en kvantitativ metod där vår empiri...
"With great power comes great responsibility" : En studie av teknik och biologi i superhjältefilmer
Hjelm, Niklas; Karlsson, Tobias
Vår tids syn på teknik ser vi tydliga spår av i dagens filmer, och kanske framförallt superhjältefilmer. Där använder sig både hjältar och skurkar av avancerad teknik i sin kamp mot varandra. Men även synen på biologi avspeglas i dessa filmer, och det mest intressanta är när dessa ställs mot varandra. Vi har jämfört två av vår tids största hjältar, en som använder sig av teknik och en som har biologiska krafter, för att se vilka likheter och skillnader som finns. Hjältarna det rör sig om är S...
IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data, Version 1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 and 610 POS AV systems flown with the Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS) over Greenland,...
Jämnt Lärande : Ett illustrerat hjälpmedel till normkritisk granskning av läromedel
Denninger, Johan
I detta examensarbete undersöks normbildande och reproducering av normer i samband med bilder i läromedel som används av modersmålslärare i Eskilstuna Kommun. Arbetet bygger på problematiken att stereotyper och reproducering av normer är vanligt förkommande i läromedlen samt att lärarnas brist på tid och möjlighet att granska läromedlen normkritiskt. Syftet med arbetet är att formge ett gestaltningsförslag till ett illustrerat hjälpmedel för normkritisk granskning av läromed...
Exklusiva urmärken : en branschundersökning med avseende på positionering och val av urverk
Andersson, Peter
Marknaden för armbandsur är stor, och den del av denna marknad som utgörs av exklusiva ur med högt pris tycks ha helt andra egenskaper än den för armbandsur i övrigt. Hur övertygas en konsument om att ett mekaniskt ur som avviker flera sekunder per dygn är att föredra framför ett elektroniskt som avviker några sekunder på ett år? Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en övergripande bild av marknaden för exklusiva ur och urverk, samt att analysera ett antal av de aktörer som finns på marknaden u...
En socialpsykologisk analys av samkönat partnervåld ur ett makt- och normativitetsperspektiv
von Braun, Thérèse
Uppsatsens syfte var att nå en större teoretisk förståelse av samkönat partnervåld, genom att analysera olika forskningsartiklars narrativa konstruktioner av våldet. De två frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen samkönat partnervåld med fokus på temana relationsdynamik, karaktär hos parterna, kön, genus och sexualitet samt betydelsen av social kontext? 2. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen det professionella bemötandet av samkönat partnervåld? De 21 valda primärdo...
Automated and connected vehicle (AV/CV) test bed to improve transit, bicycle, and pedestrian safety : technical report.
Crashes involving transit vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians are a concern in Texas, especially in urban areas. This research explored the potential of automated and connected vehicle (AV/CV) technology to reduce or eliminate these crashes. The pr...
Landing Gear Stroke and Load Predictions for the AV-8B Aircraft and Three Ski Jump Ramp Profiles for the Italian Carrier Andrea Doria
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Imhof, Gregory
.... The effort was funded through a 90-day contract to use the NAVAIR AV-8B simulation to assess the landing gear stroke and load characteristics of the AV-8B aircraft with three potential ski jump...
[18F] AV-1451 uptake in corticobasal syndrome: the influence of beta-amyloid and clinical presentation.
Ali, F; Whitwell, J L; Martin, P R; Senjem, M L; Knopman, D S; Jack, C R; Lowe, V J; Petersen, R C; Boeve, B F; Josephs, K A
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a phenotypic manifestation of diverse pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease and 4-repeat tauopathies. Predicting pathology in CBS is unreliable and, hence, molecular neuroimaging may prove to be useful. The aim of this study was to assess regional patterns of uptake on [ 18 F] AV-1451 PET in CBS and determine whether patterns of uptake differ according to beta-amyloid deposition or differing clinical presentations. Fourteen patients meeting criteria for CBS underwent Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and [ 18 F] AV-1451 PET. Seven patients presented as CBS and seven presented with apraxia of speech (AOS) and later evolved into CBS. A global PiB summary was calculated and used to classify patients as PiB (-) or PiB (+). AV-1451 uptake was calculated in fourteen regions-of-interest, with values divided by uptake in cerebellar crus grey matter to generate standard uptake value ratios. AV-1451 uptake was considered elevated if it fell above the 95th percentile from a group of 476 cognitively unimpaired normal controls. Six of the 14 CBS patients (43%) were PiB (+), with three of these patients showing strikingly elevated AV-1451 uptake across many cortical regions. Of the eight PiB (-) patients, only those with AOS showed elevated AV-1451 uptake in supplementary motor area and precentral cortex compared to controls. No region of elevated AV-1451 uptake were observed in PiB (-) typical CBS patients without AOS. These results suggest that regional [ 18 F] AV-1451 is variable in CBS and depends on the presence of beta-amyloid as well as clinical presentation such as AOS. PiB (+) CBS does not necessarily reflect underlying Alzheimer's disease; however, the possibility some of these patients will evolve into Alzheimer's disease over time cannot be excluded.
AV3V lesions attenuate the cardiovascular responses produced by blood-borne excitatory amino acid analogs
Whalen, E. J.; Beltz, T. G.; Lewis, S. J.; Johnson, A. K.
Systemic injections of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) analogs, kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), produce a pressor response in conscious rats that is caused by a centrally mediated activation of sympathetic drive and the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). This study tested the hypothesis that the tissue surrounding the anteroventral part of the third ventricle (AV3V) plays a role in the expression of the pressor responses produced by systemically injected EAA analogs. Specifically, we examined whether prior electrolytic ablation of the AV3V region would affect the pressor responses to KA and NMDA (1 mg/kg iv) in conscious rats. The KA-induced pressor response was smaller in AV3V-lesioned than in sham-lesioned rats (11 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 2 mmHg; P response in sham-lesioned but not AV3V-lesioned rats (+27 +/- 3 vs. +1 +/- 2 mmHg; P response in ganglion-blocked sham-lesioned rats was abolished by a vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist. Similar results were obtained with NMDA. The pressor response to AVP (10 ng/kg iv) was slightly smaller in AV3V-lesioned than in sham-lesioned ganglion-blocked rats (45 +/- 3 vs. 57 +/- 4 mmHg; P responses to systemically injected EAA analogs are smaller in AV3V-lesioned rats. The EAA analogs may produce pressor responses by stimulation of EAA receptors in the AV3V region, or the AV3V region may play an important role in the expression of these responses.
Analys av skillnader och likheter i EU-länders långsiktiga klimatstrategier
Hansson, Caroline
De internationella klimatförhandlingarna handlar om att hitta lösningar för att stabilisera halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären och att uppnå tvågradersmålet. För att uppnå målet finns olika utsläppsmål att sträva mot. Ett är ett utsläppstak där varje land inte får släppa ut mer än 2 ton CO2-ekv/capita per år för att tvågradersmålet ska uppnås. Ett annat utsläppsmål är att minska de nationella utsläppen med en viss procentsats. EU:s del i minskningen ligger på 80-95 % till 2050. Som en del av...
Online remote radiological monitoring during operation of Advance Vitrification System (AVS), Tarapur
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Deokar, U.V.; Kulkarni, V.V.; Mathew, P.; Khot, A.R.; Singh, K.K.; Kamlesh; Deshpande, M.D.; Kulkarni, Y.
Advanced Vitrification System (AVS) is commissioned for vitrification of high level waste (HLW) by using Joule heated ceramic melter first time in India. The HLW is generated in fuel reprocessing plant. For radiological surveillance of plant, Health Physics Unit (HPU) had installed 37 Area Gamma Monitors (AGM), 7 Continuous Air Monitors (CAM) and all types of personal contamination monitors. Exposure control is a major concern in operating plant. Therefore in addition to installed monitors, we have developed online remote radiation monitoring system to minimize exposures to the surveyor and operator. This also helped in volume reduction of secondary waste. The reliability and accuracy of the online monitoring system is confirmed by calibrating the system by comparing TLD and DRD readings and by theoretical analysis. In addition some modifications were carried in HP instruments to make them user friendly. This paper summarizes different kinds of remote radiological monitoring systems installed for online monitoring of Melter off Gas (MOG) filter, Hood filter, three exhaust filter banks, annulus air sampling and over pack monitoring in AVS. Our online remote monitoring system has helped the plant management to plan in advance for replacement of these filters, which resulted in considerable saving of collective dose. (author)
Sammenligning av to blodprøver fra samme person analysert ved to laboratorier
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aage Tverdal
Full Text Available INNLEDNINGEpidemiologiske undersøkelser av lipidnivået hosbefolkningen er helt avhengig av at analysemetodeneholder stabilt nivå over flere år. Dette er lettest å oppnåhvis man hele tiden benytter ett laboratorium, oghjerte-karundersøkelsene til Statens helseundersøkelserhar konsekvent benyttet Klinisk kjemisk avdeling,Ullevål sykehus. Ulike hensyn kan likevel tilsi at andrelaboratorier benyttes. Undersøkelsene til Universiteteti Tromsø som har har vært gjennomført fire ganger iperioden 1973-1995, har vært utført ved Kliniskkjemisk avdeling, Regionsykehuset i Tromsø. Helseundersøkelseni Nord-Trøndelag 1995-1997 harbenyttet Sentrallaboratoriet, Innherred sykehus. I dettearbeidet viser vi hvor store forskjellene blir hvisfeltlagene sender prøver fra samme person til ulikelaboratorier. Vi har undersøkt forskjellene mellomRegionsykehuset i Tromsø og Ullevål sykehus, ogmellom Innherred sykehus og Ullevål sykehus.
Slow pathway modification in patients presenting with only two consecutive AV nodal echo beats.
Wegner, Felix K; Silvano, Maria; Bögeholz, Nils; Leitz, Patrick R; Frommeyer, Gerrit; Dechering, Dirk G; Zellerhoff, Stephan; Kochhäuser, Simon; Lange, Philipp S; Köbe, Julia; Wasmer, Kristina; Mönnig, Gerold; Eckardt, Lars; Pott, Christian
Slow pathway modification (SPM) is the therapy of choice for AV-nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). When AVNRT is not inducible, empirical ablation can be considered, however, the outcome in patients with two AV nodal echo beats (AVNEBs) is unknown. Out of a population of 3003 patients who underwent slow pathway modification at our institution between 1993 and 2013, we retrospectively included 32 patients with a history of symptomatic tachycardia, lack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (pSVT) inducibility but occurrence of two AVNEBs. pSVT documentation by electrocardiography (ECG) was present in 20 patients. The procedural endpoint was inducibility of less than two AVNEBs. This was reached in 31 (97%) patients. Long-term success was assessed by a telephone questionnaire (follow-up time 63±9 months). A total 94% of the patients benefited from the procedure (59% freedom from symptoms; 34% improvement in symptoms). Among those patients in whom ECG documentation was not present, 100% benefited (58% freedom from symptoms, 42% improvement). This is the first collective analysis of a group of patients presenting with symptoms of pSVT and inducibility of only two AVNEBs. Procedural success and clinical long-term follow-up were in the range of the reported success rates of slow pathway modification of inducible AVNRT, independent of whether ECG documentation was present. Thus, SPM is a safe and effective therapy in patients with two AVNEBs. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Dual chamber pacing with optimal AV delay in congestive heart failure: a randomized study.
Capucci, A; Romano, S; Puglisi, A; Santini, M; Pagani, M; Cazzin, R; Zanuttini, D; Mangiameli, S; Moracchini, P V; Neri, R; De Ciuceis, P; Circo, A; Cavaglià, S; De Seta, F
A prospective randomized trial was set up to evaluate contractile parameters and quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure. We describe the results from 38 patients in sinus rhythm and with chronic heart failure due to congestive cardiomyopathy, prospectively randomized to optimal medical therapy (Group 1, 19 patients) or optimal medical therapy plus dual chamber pacemaker programmed to optimal AV delay (Group 2, 19 patients). At a 6 month follow-up, 7/19 patients in Group 1 had died compared with 5/19 patients in Group 2. During follow-up, there were few significant changes in evaluated parameters except for mitral regurgitation time, which was prolonged in Group 1 and shortened in Group 2. The systolic left ventricular diameter shortened significantly only in Group 2. An energy and activity questionnaire showed that the effect of DDD pacing in the latter patient population was beneficial. From these results we may conclude that at the 6 month follow-up DDD pacing with echo-optimized AV interval programming can improve quality of life without affecting survival.
Novel inter and intra prediction tools under consideration for the emerging AV1 video codec
Joshi, Urvang; Mukherjee, Debargha; Han, Jingning; Chen, Yue; Parker, Sarah; Su, Hui; Chiang, Angie; Xu, Yaowu; Liu, Zoe; Wang, Yunqing; Bankoski, Jim; Wang, Chen; Keyder, Emil
Google started the WebM Project in 2010 to develop open source, royalty- free video codecs designed specifically for media on the Web. The second generation codec released by the WebM project, VP9, is currently served by YouTube, and enjoys billions of views per day. Realizing the need for even greater compression efficiency to cope with the growing demand for video on the web, the WebM team embarked on an ambitious project to develop a next edition codec AV1, in a consortium of major tech companies called the Alliance for Open Media, that achieves at least a generational improvement in coding efficiency over VP9. In this paper, we focus primarily on new tools in AV1 that improve the prediction of pixel blocks before transforms, quantization and entropy coding are invoked. Specifically, we describe tools and coding modes that improve intra, inter and combined inter-intra prediction. Results are presented on standard test sets.
Tissue and cell tropism of Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and its AV2 (precoat) gene product
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rothenstein, Dirk; Krenz, Bjoern; Selchow, Olaf; Jeske, Holger
In order to establish defined viruses for challenging plants in resistance breeding programmes, Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV; family Geminiviridae) DNA clones were modified to monitor viral spread in plants by replacing the coat protein gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Comparative in situ hybridization experiments showed that ICMV was restricted to the phloem in cassava and tobacco. GFP-tagged virus spread similarly, resulting in homogeneous fluorescence within nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells. To analyze viral intercellular transport in further detail, GFP was fused to AV2, a protein that has been implicated in viral movement. Expressed from replicating viruses or from plasmids, AV2:GFP became associated with the cell periphery in punctate spots, formed cytoplasmic as well as nuclear inclusion bodies, the latter as conspicuous paired globules. Upon particle bombardment of expression plasmids, AV2:GFP was transported into neighboring cells of epidermal tissues showing that the intercellular transport of the AV2 protein is not restricted to the phloem. The results are consistent with a redundant function of ICMV AV2 acting as a movement protein, presumably as an evolutionary relic of a monopartite geminivirus that may still increase virus fitness but is no longer necessary in a bipartite genome. The fusion of ICMV ORF AV2 to the GFP gene is the first example of a reporter construct that follows the whole track of viral DNA from inside the nucleus to the cell periphery and to the next cell
Characterization of the cryptic AV3 promoter of ageratum yellow vein virus in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
Wang, Wei-Chen; Wu, Chia-Ying; Lai, Yi-Chin; Lin, Na-Sheng; Hsu, Yau-Heiu; Hu, Chung-Chi
A cryptic prokaryotic promoter, designated AV3 promoter, has been previously identified in certain begomovirus genus, including ageratum yellow vein virus isolate NT (AYVV-NT). In this study, we demonstrated that the core nucleotides in the putative -10 and -35 boxes are necessary but not sufficient for promoter activity in Escherichia coli, and showed that AYVV-NT AV3 promoter could specifically interact with single-stranded DNA-binding protein and sigma 70 of E. coli involved in transcription. Several AYVV-NT-encoded proteins were found to increase the activity of AV3 promoter. The transcription start sites downstream to AV3 promoter were mapped to nucleotide positions 803 or 805 in E. coli, and 856 in Nicotiana benthamiana. The eukaryotic activity of AV3 promoter and the translatability of a short downstream open reading frame were further confirmed by using a green fluorescent protein reporter construct in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. These results suggested that AV3 promoter might be a remnant of evolution that retained cryptic activity at present.
Development of an Advanced Aidman Vision Screener (AVS) for selective assessment of outer and inner laser induced retinal injury
Boye, Michael W.; Zwick, Harry; Stuck, Bruce E.; Edsall, Peter R.; Akers, Andre
The need for tools that can assist in evaluating visual function is an essential and a growing requirement as lasers on the modern battlefield mature and proliferate. The requirement for rapid and sensitive vision assessment under field conditions produced the USAMRD Aidman Vision Screener (AVS), designed to be used as a field diagnostic tool for assessing laser induced retinal damage. In this paper, we describe additions to the AVS designed to provide a more sensitive assessment of laser induced retinal dysfunction. The AVS incorporates spectral LogMar Acuity targets without and with neural opponent chromatic backgrounds. Thus, it provides the capability of detecting selective photoreceptor damage and its functional consequences at the level of both the outer and inner retina. Modifications to the original achromatic AVS have been implemented to detect selective cone system dysfunction by providing LogMar acuity Landolt rings associated with the peak spectral absorption regions of the S (short), M (middle), and L (long) wavelength cone photoreceptor systems. Evaluation of inner retinal dysfunction associated with selective outer cone damage employs LogMar spectral acuity charts with backgrounds that are neurally opponent. Thus, the AVS provides the capability to assess the effect of selective cone dysfunction on the normal neural balance at the level of the inner retinal interactions. Test and opponent background spectra have been optimized by using color space metrics. A minimal number of three AVS evaluations will be utilized to provide an estimate of false alarm level.
Off-Target18F-AV-1451 Binding in the Basal Ganglia Correlates with Age-Related Iron Accumulation.
Choi, Jae Yong; Cho, Hanna; Ahn, Sung Jun; Lee, Jae Hoon; Ryu, Young Hoon; Lee, Myung Sik; Lyoo, Chul Hyoung
Off-target binding in the basal ganglia is commonly observed in the 18 F-AV-1451 PET studies of the elderly. We sought to investigate the relationship between this phenomenon in the basal ganglia and iron accumulation using iron-sensitive R 2 * MRI. Methods: Fifty-nine healthy controls and 61 patients with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment underwent 18 F-AV-1451 PET and R 2 * MRI studies. A correlation analysis was performed for age, 18 F-AV-1451 binding, and R 2 * values. Results: There was an age-related increase in both 18 F-AV-1451 binding in the basal ganglia and R 2 * values in the putamen in both the controls and the Alzheimer disease/mild cognitive impairment patients. 18 F-AV-1451 binding in the basal ganglia increased with R 2 * values. Conclusion: Off-target 18 F-AV-1451 binding in the basal ganglia is associated with the age-related increases in iron accumulation. Postmortem studies are required to further investigate the nature of this association. © 2018 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
Tissue and cell tropism of Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and its AV2 (precoat) gene product.
Rothenstein, Dirk; Krenz, Björn; Selchow, Olaf; Jeske, Holger
In order to establish defined viruses for challenging plants in resistance breeding programmes, Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV; family Geminiviridae) DNA clones were modified to monitor viral spread in plants by replacing the coat protein gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Comparative in situ hybridization experiments showed that ICMV was restricted to the phloem in cassava and tobacco. GFP-tagged virus spread similarly, resulting in homogeneous fluorescence within nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells. To analyze viral intercellular transport in further detail, GFP was fused to AV2, a protein that has been implicated in viral movement. Expressed from replicating viruses or from plasmids, AV2:GFP became associated with the cell periphery in punctate spots, formed cytoplasmic as well as nuclear inclusion bodies, the latter as conspicuous paired globules. Upon particle bombardment of expression plasmids, AV2:GFP was transported into neighboring cells of epidermal tissues showing that the intercellular transport of the AV2 protein is not restricted to the phloem. The results are consistent with a redundant function of ICMV AV2 acting as a movement protein, presumably as an evolutionary relic of a monopartite geminivirus that may still increase virus fitness but is no longer necessary in a bipartite genome. The fusion of ICMV ORF AV2 to the GFP gene is the first example of a reporter construct that follows the whole track of viral DNA from inside the nucleus to the cell periphery and to the next cell.
Magnetic-guided catheter ablation of twin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with left atrial isomerism, interrupted inferior vena cana, and Kawashima-Fontan procedure.
Bessière, Francis; Mongeon, François-Pierre; Therrien, Judith; Khairy, Paul
Twin AV nodal reentrant tachycardia most commonly occurs in patients with complex congenital heart disease who have two distinct AV nodes, His bundles, and non-preexcited QRS morphologies. Catheter ablation of the weaker AV node may be hindered by anatomical complexities. In such cases, remote magnetic guidance offers a potentially effective solution.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dóri Edson Lopes
Full Text Available Em meio a debates e reivindicações sobre a necessidade de uma maior intervenção do Estado na questão da segurança e soberania alimentar, é criado em 2003 – pelo governo federal – o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA. O programa tem como um de seus objetivos cooperar na luta contra a fome no Brasil, além de atender, pelo menos em parte, as reivindicações de movimentos sociais de luta pela terra que buscam um maior reconhecimento e apoio para a produção da agricultura familiar camponesa, que mesmo sendo deixada em segundo plano pelas políticas agrícolas do Estado brasileiro, é responsável por importante contribuição para a soberania e segurança alimentar do país.
Algal toxicity of the alternative disinfectants performic acid (PFA), peracetic acid (PAA), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and their by-products hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorite (ClO2-)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Chhetri, Ravi Kumar; Baun, Anders; Andersen, Henrik Rasmus
be included in the evaluation of both their toxicity as determined in standardized tests and their possible negative effect in the water environment. Here we evaluated according to the standardized ISO 8692 test the toxicity towards the green microalgae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, of three disinfectants......: performic acid (PFA), peracetic acid (PAA) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as well as two by-products of their use: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorite. All of the five chemicals investigated showed clear toxicity to the algae with well-defined dose response curves. The EC50 values ranged from 0.16 to 2.9 mg....../L based on nominal concentrations leading to the labeling of the chemicals as either toxic or very toxic. The five investigated chemicals decreased in toxicity in the order chlorine dioxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, chlorite and hydrogen peroxide. The stability of the chemicals increased...
13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA) and metabolic flux ratio analysis of Lactococcus lactis reveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP) pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations, L. lactis is constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response of L. lactis to several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level of in vivo fluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism, 13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism of L. lactis when subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C) and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm). Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs) and free fatty acids (FAAs) were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r) was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA). Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability of L. lactis' central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate (PYR) reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA) in L. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering in L. lactis. Overall, the
13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA and metabolic flux ratio analysis of Lactococcus lactis reveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses
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Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
Full Text Available Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations, L. lactis is constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response of L. lactis to several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level of in vivo fluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism, 13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism of L. lactis when subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm. Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs and free fatty acids (FAAs were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA. Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability of L. lactis' central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA from pyruvate (PYR reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA in L. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering in L. lactis. Overall
DNA-binding studies of AV-153, an antimutagenic and DNA repair-stimulating derivative of 1,4-dihydropiridine.
Buraka, E; Chen, C Yu-Chian; Gavare, M; Grube, M; Makarenkova, G; Nikolajeva, V; Bisenieks, I; Brūvere, I; Bisenieks, E; Duburs, G; Sjakste, N
The ability to intercalate between DNA strands determines the cytotoxic activity of numerous anticancer drugs. Strikingly, intercalating activity was also reported for some compounds considered to be antimutagenic. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of interaction of DNA with the antimutagenic and DNA repair-stimulating dihydropyridine (DHP) AV-153. DNA and AV-153 interactions were studied by means of UV/VIS spectroscopy, fluorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Compound AV-153 is a 1,4 dihydropyridine with ethoxycarbonyl groups in positions 3 and 5. Computer modeling of AV-153 and DNA interactions suggested an ability of the compound to dock between DNA strands at a single strand break site in the vicinity of two pyrimidines, which was confirmed in the present study. AV-153 evidently interacted with DNA, as addition of DNA to AV-153 solutions resulted in pronounced hyperchromic and bathochromic effects on the spectra. Base modification in a plasmid by peroxynitrite only minimally changed binding affinity of the compound; however, induction of single-strand breaks using Fenton's reaction greatly increased binding affinity. The affinity did not change when the ionic strength of the solution was changed from 5 to 150 mM NaCl, although it increased somewhat at 300 mM. Neither was it influenced by temperature changes from 25 to 40°C, however, it decreased when the pH of the solution was changed from 7.4 to 4.7. AV-153 competed with EBr for intercalation sites in DNA: 116 mM of the compound caused a two-fold decrease in fluorescence intensity. FT-IR spectral data analyses indicated formation of complexes between DNA and AV-153. The second derivative spectra analyses indicated interaction of AV-153 with guanine, cytosine and thymine bases, but no interaction with adenine was detected. The antimutagenic substance AV-153 appears to intercalate between the DNA strands at the site of a DNA nick in the vicinity of two pyrimidines. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier
Pittsburgh Compound B and AV-1451 positron emission tomography assessment of molecular pathologies of Alzheimer's disease in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Whitwell, Jennifer L; Ahlskog, J Eric; Tosakulwong, Nirubol; Senjem, Matthew L; Spychalla, Anthony J; Petersen, Ronald C; Jack, Clifford R; Lowe, Val J; Josephs, Keith A
Little is known about Alzheimer's disease molecular proteins, beta-amyloid and paired helical filament (PHF) tau, in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Recent techniques have been developed to allow for investigations of these proteins in PSP. We determined the frequency of beta-amyloid deposition in PSP, and whether beta-amyloid deposition in PSP is associated with PHF-tau deposition pattern, or clinical features. Thirty probable PSP participants underwent MRI, [ 18 F]AV-1451 PET and Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. Apolipoprotein (APOE) genotyping was also performed. A global PiB standard-uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated. AV-1451 SUVRs were calculated for a set of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related regions and a set of PSP-related regions. Voxel-level analyses were conducted to assess for differences in AV-1451 uptake patterns and MRI atrophy between PiB(+) and PiB(-) cases compared to 60 normal PiB(-) controls. Statistical testing for correlations and associations between variables of interest were also performed. Twelve subjects (40%) showed beta-amyloid deposition. Higher PiB SUVR correlated with older age but not with AV-1451 SUVR in the AD- or PSP-related regions. Higher AV-1451 SUVR in AD-related regions was associated with higher AV-1451 SUVR in PSP-related regions. We found little evidence for beta-amyloid related differences in clinical metrics, proportion of APOE e4 carriers, pattern of AV-1451 uptake, or pattern of atrophy. Beta-amyloid deposition occurs in a relatively high proportion of PSP subjects. Unlike in Alzheimer's disease, however, there is little evidence that beta-amyloid, and PHF-tau, play a significant role in neurodegeneration in PSP. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mindfulness for militære veteraner som lider av PTSD
Aasvik, Erlend Winther; Amdal, Lilli
Bakgrunn: Veteraner står i fare for å få Posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD) ved gjentatte eksponeringer for traumer. I de senere år har det i Norge vært stadig fokus på veteraner som har fått slik lidelse men som ikke har fått oppfølgningen som de kanskje burde hatt. Mindfulness har også blitt veldig populært og er nå ofte å se i ukeblader, bokhandler og i medisinske blader. Hensikten: Vi ønsket å se om mindfulness kunne være et mulig hjelpemiddel for sykepleiere i behandling av veteraner...
Bør man tillate at norske statsborgere benytter seg av surrogati i India?
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Annelin Haukeland
Full Text Available I Norge er ikke surrogati tillatt, og myndighetene fraråder norske statsborgere å benytte seg av surrogati i utlandet. I denne artikkelen fokuserer vi på kommersiell gestational surrogati og stiller spørsmålet: Bør man tillate at norske statsborgere benytter seg av surrogati i India? De etiske problemstillingene rundt surrogati er mange og sammensatte og blir spesielt utfordrende når tjenesten tilbys i et land med store kulturelle og økonomiske forskjeller både internt og i forhold til Norge. Vi baserer analysen og drøftingen av dette etisk utfordrende spørsmålet på Beauchamps og Childress sin veletablerte metodiske tilnærming innen biomedisinsk etikk. Vi anvender de fire allmennmoralske prinsipper: respekt for autonomi, velgjørenhet, ikke-skade og rettferdighet på sakskomplekset for å synliggjøre spenningene involvert i dette etiske dilemmaet. Med full bevissthet om at det ikke finnes noen lettvinte og omkostningsfrie løsninger på dilemmaer generelt og dette spesielt, konkluderer vi med at interessene til de berørte parter, og spesielt surrogatmødrenes, kan bli bedre ivaretatt om surrogati tillates under omfattende reguleringer. Dersom man velger å gjøre praksisen illegal, vil man også miste mulighetene til å påvirke prosessen og sikre rettighetene til de involverte partene.Nøkkelord: surrogati, Norge–India, utnyttelse, autonomi, regulering av prosessenEnglish summary: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India?Surrogacy is not permitted in Norway, and the government strongly advises against Norwegian citizens travelling abroad to have children through the use of the surrogacy industry. In this article, we focus on commercial gestational surrogacy and debate the question: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India? The ethical concerns regarding surrogacy are complex and are especially challenging when the service is offered in a country with big cultural and economic
Skattetillägg i internprissättningsprocesser : En studie av begreppet oriktig uppgift
Baaz, Christoffer; Wahlbeck, Cesar
Av globaliseringen följer en ökad handel mellan stater och inom multinationella koncer-ner där så kallade internprissättning sker. Genom internprissättningen ser företagen en möjlighet att överföra vinster till lågbeskattade länder. För att förhindra detta har regler som ska se till att marknadsmässiga villkor styr prissättningen upprättats. De svenska bestämmelserna för internprissättning utgår från korrigeringsregeln i 14 kap. 19 IL som ger uttryck för armlängdsprincipen. Principen innebär ...
Magnetic excitations in low-dimensional spin systems: neutron scattering study on AV2O5
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nakajima, Kenji
Recent experiments on vanadium oxide bronzes AV 2 O 5 (A=Na, Mg, Li) are reviewed. Experiments are carried out combining two triple-axis spectrometers installed at a thermal beam port and a cold neutron guide at JRR-3M. Spin-wave excitations in single crystals NaV 2 O 5 in the spin-Peierls state shows a steep intra-chain dispersion, which is consistent with estimated exchange interaction from magnetization measurement, and a weak inter-chain dispersion. In the low energy excitation measurement on powder sample of MgV 2 O 5 , we have observed energy gap of 2 meV, which indicates that this material is a ladder system with strong 1D character. Preliminary result on LiV 2 O 5 , which is expected to be a simple 1D antiferromagnet or a zig-zag chain, is also mentioned
Influencer marketing : En analys av en marknadsrättslig gråzon
Haglund Holst, Maximilian; Jorikson, Ludvig
Uppsatsen kommer att behandla den relativt nya marknadsföringsmetoden influencer marketing. Influencer marketing innebär att en person å en näringsidkares vägnar marknadsför en viss produkt på sina sociala medier, till exempel en blogg. Denna metod har på senare tid vuxit och blivit ett framgångsrecept för många näringsidkare då de, med hjälp av influencern, kan nå ut direkt till en önskad målgrupp. I och med att Influencer marketing är en ny marknadsföringsmetod, innebär det att stor oklarhe...
Transformering av kunnskap mellom campus og skole i lærerutdanningen
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Britt Oda Fosse
Full Text Available Til tross for lærerutdanningers mangeårige arbeid med å finne innovative løsninger som skaper gode sammenhenger mellom campuskonteksten og skolekonteksten, etterlyser lærerstudentene fortsatt en bedre sammenheng i studiet. Det som kjennetegner metodene i mange lærerutdanninger er at de bygger på ideen om læring for praksis. Dette innebærer i stor grad forventninger om at studentene transformerer kunnskap fra campus til undervisning og refleksjon i skolen. Mye tyder på at lærerstudentene får lite hjelp i denne prosessen. Studier om koherens – eller sammenheng – i lærerutdanningen knyttes sjelden til at lærerutdanning kan innebære et læringsproblem. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er å undersøke de læringsutfordringer studenter har når kunnskap skal transformeres mellom de to kontekstene. Tanken er at en forståelse for lærerstudenters læring på denne måten kan bidra inn i arbeidet med å videreutvikle metoder i lærerutdanningen som kan lette transformeringsprosessene. Artikkelen er tematisk og drøftes i lys av sosiokulturelle perspektiver på læring og utvikling med vekt på begrepene "overføring" og "transformering". Videre drøftes problemstillingen i lys av studier av lærerstudenters interaktive læringsprosesser. Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, lærerstudenters læringsprosesser, transformering av læring.AbstractDespite innovative work on bridging the gap between campus activities and classroom activities, student teachers ask for more coherence in their education. What characterizes the different teacher education innovations is that they are mainly based on the idea that students construct knowledge for practice. In these scenarios, teacher education programmes rely on the students' ability to transform knowledge from activities at campus into teaching and reflection in their practice schools. The student teachers seem to get little or no help in these transformational processes. When studying
Förvärmning av tilluften med återvunnen värme
Kader, Aza; Yousif, Peter
Idag är det vanligt för fjärrvärmebolagen att basera sin taxa på effektbehovet för fastigheten. Effekttaxeringsmetod skiljer sig mellan olika fjärrvärmeleverantörer. Dock är toppeffektbehoven för fastigheterna en gemensam nämnare för bolagen när debiteringsunderlag beslutas.I Sverige finns det idag befintlig teknik som sänker effektbehovet genom förvärmning av uteluft, vilket reducerar frostbildning i värmeväxlaren och förbättras dess verkningsgrad. Denna teknik utnyttjar geoenergi som värmek...