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On February 28, 2018, CanniMed Therapeutics Inc. (TSX: CMED) announced that the company had started fulfilling orders and shipping CanniMed® Topical Cream Kits to registered patients. This new product was a fusion of CanniMed's medical cannabis oil with Kalaya™ Carrier Base Gel, created by Avaria Health & Beauty Corp. ("Avaria"), one of Canada's leading experts in the creation of advanced topical creams, gels, lotions and salves.
The company believes that this new product will introduce a "whole new form of delivery for medical cannabis, ideal for patients who do not wish ingest or vaporize and prefer only localized treatment for their condition." Localized treatment delivers a concentrated dose of the medicinal ingredients to only the affected area meaning the effect is fast-acting and not wasted on unaffected areas. While cannabis infused topical creams are not new, this product uniquely allows the patient to mix in the oil to his or her desired specification, allowing for a customized experience. The oil and cream are packaged separately and a mixing spoon is included.
There is a considerable amount of anecdotal evidence supporting the topical application of medical cannabis, and a growing body of scientific evidence respecting topical application for conditions such as inflammation, neuropathic pain (particularly in patients with Multiple Sclerosis) and allergic skin conditions. A recent study indicates that CB2 receptors may be key in treating the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. CanniMed® Topical Cream is suggested to provide relief by binding to a patient's CB2 receptors.
You may be interested
Canada Officially Legalizes Recreational CannabisEditor - June 20, 2018
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California Based Edible Company Signs LOI For the Chance to Go Public in CanadaEditor - June 20, 2018
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Nasze serwisy WWW używają plików cookies tylko w celach funkcjonalnych. Zmieniając ustawienia przeglądarki możesz zablokować ich używanie oraz zapisywanie.
As every year, on 11th November, Bialowieza celebrated Independance Day. Celebration beginned on 8th November with an academy in Bialowieza's Culture Center. In the event took part: music band 'Ruczajok' led by Mr Marek Zubrycki, students of Forest Technical School in Bialowieza prepared by Mrs Joanna Romaniuk and Bialowieza's Foresters' Choir. During the academy people could see presentation made by Mrs Anna Kulbarska on history of Jozef Pilsudski's Monument. Colour bearers stood in Bialowieza National Park and in the Forest School.Honour guard performed students of technical school and Bialowieza's Border Guards. After singing our anthem Voit of Bialowieza Parish, albert Litwinowicz, made a speech. Next in the programme was placing wreths under the monument by delegations of: Bialowieza Parishe's Office, Bialowieza Parishe's Council, Bialowieza's Culture Center, Technical School in Bialowieza, School and Kindergarten Complex in Bialowieza, Bialowiezas Forestry, Bialowieza's National Park, Police, Border Guards, PAN Mammal's Biology Institute and UW Bialowieza's Geobotalical Station. Celebration ended with concert of Bialowieza's Foresters Choir.
The same day, as well, took place Indepencance Tournament in volleybal organised by przez UKS Olimpics Bialowieza for teams from Podlaskie Voivodeship.
Mateusz GutowskiPhotos by Eliza Lozowska

subset: commoncrawl


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Wednesday, January 18, 2017
Coding Club 1st Meeting is January 24th
Students interested in computer science, programming, and current technology can join the NVHS Coding Club. It is open to all ages and experience levels. The first meeting will be on Tuesday 1/24 at 2:30 in Lab D208 at the Main Campus. For more information, please contact Mrs. Knuth in the business department.
Steve Wick
January 18, 2017
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We've tested another model that was clearly made by the LG recipe. In designing VX2370Smh-LED, Viewsonic used the unavoidable approach with the screen frame. When the screen isn't displaying anything, the frame around it looks impressively thin, just three milimeters. Still, when it's turned on, it becomes clear that only a part of the front surface is capable of reproducing an image, so the real frame is closer to the already known width of about one centimeter. Even though the design doesn't provide much room for leaving a unique mark, Viewsonic found a way.
All of the ports and touch-sensitive buttons are located on the screen holder. That makes connecting cables much easier, and controlling the OSD menu nearly impossible. With its cryptically marked buttons, Viewsonic was never much good with ergonomic inovations, but forcing the users to bend and peek behind the screen to set the screen really is a novelty. Clearly not an improvement. If you were ever frustrated with touch-sensitive buttons that you can't see clearly, be ready to go completely crazy when you try to find them just by touch. When everything is placed into the holder, we really see no point for using an external transformator.
The most important thing, panel performances, are not easily diminished. We're glad that we can say that there are no more red, blue or purple ones. It may sound weird, but those were the first models. This one, on the other hand, precisely renders colors, whether it's gradation transitions, heat or contrast. Display of color black is uniformed, without breaking the backlight and with inconspicuous, but unavoidable for these types of screens, reflection. Because it's slightly pronounced and white, it won't bother you much. Response time is of expected speed, and it's so good that it's hard to imagine a situation where it would deviate from perfection. Same could be said for viewing angles. Despite its large surface, the screen fought fiercely against our attempts to see image degradation, until we've tried absurd positions.
|Viewsonic VX2370Smh-LED
|Screen size
|1920 x 1080 pix
|Pixel size
|0.265 mm
|Panel type
|Angle H/V
|178/178 °
|7 ms (GTG)
|250 cd/m²
|HDMI (HDCP), DVI-D, D-Sub
With price and performances, this model doesn't deserve attention of those who want an excellent, large screen for relatively small amount of money. It's not something special, doesn't have any additional features, and at the first glance it appears as just a regular screen. Visually, it is. If that's good enough for you, we won't blame you. But the location of the buttons, while it may seem trivial, is a major oversight and doesn't allow us to recommend it fully.


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From: Kelley Lynch <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Date: Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 11:34 AM
Subject: Re: Your preposterous email to Steven Machat about the book you claim to be writing; some facts of life
To: "STEPHEN R. GIANELLI" <email@example.com>, Steven Machat <email@example.com>, "irs.commissioner" <email@example.com>, Washington Field <firstname.lastname@example.com>, ASKDOJ <email@example.com>, MollyHale <email@example.com>, nsapao <firstname.lastname@example.com>, fsb <email@example.com>, "Doug.Davis" <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Dennis <email@example.com>, rbyucaipa <firstname.lastname@example.com>, khuvane <firstname.lastname@example.com>, blourd <firstname.lastname@example.com>, "email@example.com" <firstname.lastname@example.com>, Feedback <email@example.com>
Cc: Jeffrey Korn <email@example.com>
I've copied you in because I posted my letter to you on my blog. Gianelli then criminally harassed me over it. Good luck with this freak. Will Cohen attach my income? Good. He'll have a financial fraud lawsuit on his hands.
Have a good day.
On Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 11:33 AM, Kelley Lynch <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
I am advising you to cease and desist once again. Paulette Brandt is also copied in on these criminally harassing emails. Please contact Machat privately.
Kelley Lynch
to me
On Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 10:45 AM, STEPHEN R. GIANELLI <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
Ms. Lynch,1. Steven Machat
---Forwarded email---From: Kelley Lynch <kelley.lynch.2010@
Date: Mon, Feb 2, 2015 at 6:44 AM
To: Steven Machat + bccsSteven,I'm working on material for my book. I don't think I need to speak to you about too much more as we've been through everything ad nauseum but I was wondering if you had any more information on the following matters involving Cohen:1. His role in CIA/MKULTRA Program. He has mentioned this (very briefly) to me and discussed it in more detail with Ann Diamond. I don't know if you've seen this photograph of Cohen. I'm submitting a FOIA request to CIA for any information they might have.2. Cohen and Bay of Pigs. I don't know if you personally have heard the various versions of this story that Cohen tells but the essence is this: Castro's forces thought Cohen was working with rebel forces (before the Bay of Pigs incident), arrested, interrogated, and released him. Another version involves a soldier at the airport in Cuba holding Cohen at gunpoint (AK-47) after noticing a photograph of him and "rebels." A commotion at the airport evidently distracted the soldier and Cohen was able to escape, walk out onto the tarmac, and take the last plane out of Cuba prior to the Bay of Pig incident. I am also sending FOIA request to CIA re. this incident.3. Yom Kippur War. Cohen said he flew to Israel to join the Israeli army during this war. He has also said he hoped to be a fighter pilot (in one incident) or parachuter (in another). Do you recall anything Cohen might have said at the time about going to Israel to fight with the Israel army during this time? I would assume the Israeli army requires their soldiers to have some type of training so I always found this story rather dubious, at best.4. We've been through the Cohen on LSD in Israel incident. I know your father always told me Cohen thought God sent a beam of light down as a symbol to him (while high on acid) and you've confirmed that Cohen planned to start a riot in Israel. I believe Bird On A Wire contains additional information.5. Were you advised by Frank Zappa's manager that Cohen had the film "Bird On A Wire" in storage? I know Cohen told you that he kept it from you because he was hiding it from Avril. He told me the film belonged to him and he gave the legal warranties and representations to Pinewood Studios confirming that.6. Mary Martin/Judith Berger. I know we've been through this and you referred me, as well, to Bird On A Wire where Cohen accuses them of stealing "Suzanne" and two other songs. You and I know this is a lie and I was part of the negotiations where these songs were purchased from the then copyright owner. I believe he may have written some aspect of "Suzanne." Do you know anything about that? I've found one or two small details on the internet about this. Cohen owned these three songs at the time he sold SMI to Sony.7. I plan to include a copy of your father's letters to Irving Trust confirming that Machat & Machat owns 15% of Stranger Music, Inc. and transmitting Machat & Machat's final payment for that ownership interest.I think that's it for right now.I trust you're well and thank you for agreeing to correct any misinformation in your book about me. For instance, I never received (or demanded) a settlement from Cohen. He pursued that and, as you know, he offered me a variety of settlements including 50% community property or 15% of my ownership interest in the IP and my 15% commission for matters I was not paid on, etc. I know you and your father had the same compensation arrangement and will address that in my book.I'm about to file the attached Motion (and evidence). I may attach the public defender's notes of his conversation with you wherein you confirmed that Cohen has stolen from you and your father; used corporations to evade taxes; stopped paying you royalties on "When I Need You," falsely accuses his representatives of ripping him off to breach contracts, etc. If so, I'll send you that page.I hope you're well.All the best,KelleyP.S. Gianelli (with Cohen fan Walsh copied in again) continues to criminally harass and stalk me. He copies Paulette Brandt in on these emails. She's addressed this with LAPD detectives and others. If he tells you he's heard from me, he's a liar. Every so often (maybe two months or so), I write and advise him to cease and desist.


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Salt Lake City, UT (PRWEB) December 4, 2006
FashionSchoolReview.com, an interactive fashion education site, recently published "Festive Holiday Fashion Design Trends for 2006." The article offers advice on the top fashion dos and don'ts for holiday social engagements like casual family engagements, intimate cocktail parties and black tie events. (http://www.fashionschoolreview.com/news/2006/11/holiday-fashion-trends.html)
In the coming weeks, self-made fashionistas will be trying to express themselves without crossing over into faux-paux, and FashionSchoolReview.com is there to help with tips like:
- Do stick with classic colors.
- Do buy a classy little black dress.
- Don't wear holiday camouflage of red, green, and gold.
- Don't totally give in to comfort by wearing your favorite drawstring pants.
For a complete list of holiday dos and don'ts, read "Festive Holiday Fashion Design Trends for 2006" (http://www.fashionschoolreview.com/news/2006/11/holiday-fashion-trends.html).
According to FashionSchoolReview.com (http://www.fashionschoolreview.com/) columnist Kate Robb, the holidays are a challenging time. She says, "Holiday parties bring their own set of fashion expectations and limitations, and the folks in fashion design and marketing respond accordingly. Independent retailers, department stores and discounters alike bring in new collections to meet this demand."
Suzanne D'Amato, former fashion writer for Vogue magazine and current Washington Post staff, says, "I think fashion, at its core, is about expressing yourself."
Robb echoes this statement. "Finding the right holiday fashion for you will make you feel good and help you to enjoy all the festivities this year."
PriceGrabber.com's "Consumer Behavior Report: Holiday 2006 Shopping Trends" reveals consumers expect to spend nearly $1,200 on holiday gifts alone, which is up 17 percent from last year, and numbers suggest that people are planning to spend more money on clothes this year than last. The FashionSchoolReview.com article aims to help people put their money to the most fashionable use.
FashionSchoolReview.com is an interactive and informative fashion school Web site that helps users interested in fashion school find the right fit. Users can search for fashion schools around the world, get the latest fashion trends and access articles about the industry. FashionSchoolReview.com is the ideal source for anyone interested in fashion school.


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In a growing investigation into alleged illegal drug sales and insurance fraud, more arrests are to come. Detectives said a local pharmacy sold human growth hormones and steroids. The buyers include some big name professional athletes.
Investigators are working together in Alabama, Florida, New York and Texas. Just one day after the owners of Signature Compounding Pharmacy were arrested, Wednesday, it was open and customers were filling their prescriptions.
Pharmacy owners along with the marketing manger and chief operation officer were all arrested Tuesday and charged with illegal sale and distribution of human growth hormones, steroids and insurance fraud. Federal agents spent all night and day loading boxes, filing cabinets and computer records onto their trucks as evidence to back up allegations.
A New York district attorney heading the case said he expects to have arrested 24 doctors, pharmacists and business owners in what he calls a "nationwide scheme to profit on millions through illegal sales of performance enhancing drugs using the Internet." The four people arrested so far will face a judge Thursday to determine if they will be sent to New York for trial.
So far, everyone connected to the case has said that the criminal charges are not focusing on the users of these steroids but on the suppliers and the doctors who prescribed them.
On Tuesday, agents from the Drug Enforcement Administration and New York state seized drugs and paperwork at Orlando's Signature Pharmacy, and high-profile clients tied by various sources to the case quickly rushed to distance themselves from the fallout.


text:
Publix Super Markets Atlanta Division and Customers Raise Over $539,900 Through Food For All Holiday Point-of-Purchase Program
More than 35 southeastern non-profit organizations received grants from Publix Atlanta Division's Food For All program including; Atlanta Community Food Bank, East Alabama Food Bank, HOSEA Feed the Hungry & Homeless, The Community Food Bank of Central Alabama, Harvest Hope, Loaves 'n' Fishes, Low Country Food Bank, Montgomery Area Food Bank, The Salvation Army and The Valley Rescue Mission, Inc., to name a few.
"Each year during our holiday season Food For All program, our generous customers and employees come together to support local and regional non-profit agencies," said Brenda Reid, Media and Community Relations Manager for Publix Super Markets Atlanta Division. "Publix Super Markets Atlanta Division has participated in the Food For All campaign since 1995, and has raised more than $2.84 million, funding hundreds of southeastern charities since that time."
Publix is privately owned and operated by its 147,500 employees, with 2010 sales of $25.1 billion. Currently Publix has 1,034 stores in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee. The company has been named one of FORTUNE's "100 Best Companies to Work For in America" for 14 consecutive years. In addition, Publix's dedication to superior quality and customer service is recognized as tops in the grocery business, most recently by an American Customer Satisfaction Index survey. For more information, visit the company's website, http://www.publix.com.
Food For All is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that partners with thousands of grocery retailers nationwide to run point-of-purchase fundraisers. Since 1985, Food For All has successfully raised over $64 million to fight hunger here in the United States and around the world.


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When I was at the conference for Global Transformation that questions was asked. Actually they asked "Where are you afraid you might suck?" And to tell the truth of it. Everywhere. I am afraid that I might fail in all that I do. How about that to start off a Saturday morning?
But that question really got me going. If I am afraid about everything that I do then I don't have any freedom. If I am always worried about how bad the outcome might be then I am not looking for ways to create what could be. I am not open to the myriad of possibilities that don't include failing. Because I am only look for ways that I will fail.
A self fulfilling prophecy.
In short you can't create yourself if you have to NOT fail. If you are looking to always avoid failure then you will only participate in those activities that will guarantee not failing. In short, the same thing you did yesterday is what you will do today. Now, sometimes that's a good thing. You stopped at a red light yesterday and you should also stop today. But what about taking on a big project? Last time you did it, things did not end well. Does that mean you will never attempt something big again? Giving yourself the room to fail at something you've never done before allows you room to grow.
Did you speak English perfectly at 1? No, you failed at pronouncing "lamb" correctly but that didn't make you mute. You learned and corrected your mistakes. You were driven by a greater need. The need to express yourself to your parents and peers. You knew that this tool would allow you to get what you wanted. You now can express complex ideas, tell people you love them, create works of art, buy a house, order food, all through the use of language.
In failing you have to accept being imperfect and use others where your weaknesses are. When I got that I personally don't have to be perfect, that I could make my perfection out of the support of others – I got a whole new freedom. I didn't have to know everything. I didn't even have to know most things. I just knew that there are things I want to do and I might make mistakes. In fact, I was going to make mistakes and it didn't matter. Those mistakes were not me. Those mistakes were not the sum of what makes me me. Distinguishing that my mistakes were not me allowed me to see all the success that I was not able to see before. Before my mistakes negated my success because successful people do not make mistakes like that. By acknowledging my fears and knowing that they are always lurking in the background I am now empowered to look them in the face and say "Today is not your day". Where are you afraid you might suck?


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Peanut Butter Cup Bars
So these are the most addictive bars ever! And they are better than Reese's Peanut Butter Cups! The original recipe did not include a biscuit base but I thought this would be a great crunchy addition to the whole delicious bite. So, stop whatever you are doing right now, and go and make these, and they will make you smile.
Peanut Butter Cup Bars
(adapted from browneyedbaker.com)
Yield: 16 bars
For the Base:
- 1½ cups or 5 ounces (3 cups or 10 ounces to double) finely ground Oreos, or other chocolate cookie
- 5 tablespoons (10 tablespoons to double) unsalted butter, melted
- 1/3 cup (2/3 cup to double) granulated sugar
- 1/8 teaspooon (¼ teaspoon to double) salt
- Line an 8×8-inch square pan with foil, leaving enough to hang over the sides, then butter the foil. Set aside. I used a foil tin and buttered it which worked perfectly.
- Stir together ingredients and press into bottom of the pan. Chill in fridge.
For the filling and top:
- ½ cup unsalted butter
- 1¾ cups powdered sugar
- 1 cup smooth peanut butter
- ¾ cup graham cracker crumbs
- ¼ cup unsalted butter
- ½ cup milk chocolate chips (or chopped chocolate)
1. In a medium saucepan, melt the ½ cup of butter over low heat. Once melted, remove from heat and stir in the powdered sugar until smooth. Stir in the peanut butter and graham cracker crumbs until completely combined and smooth. Spread the peanut butter mixture into the prepared pan and smooth the top.
2. In the now-empty saucepan, melt the ¼ cup unsalted butter. Add the chocolate and stir until almost completely melted. Remove from heat and continue stirring until completely melted. Pour the melted chocolate over the peanut butter layer and smooth into an even layer.
3. Refrigerate for at least 30 minutes to set. Remove from the pan using the foil overhangs and place on a cutting board. Use a pizza cutter to slice into 16 bars. Store in an airtight container in the refrigerator.


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Hoodie Allen released his new album "The Hype" on 9/29! I worked on tracks 4,6,8,9 and 12 and couldn't be prouder of these songs. Thanks to Ty Nicolo for bringing me in and OddKidOut, Bo Rains, and Todd Pritchard for working hard on these records with me: http://spoti.fi/2yXYC7O
Hoodie Allen just dropped his new single "Sushi" I had the honor of coproducing/arranging this record with my bro Ty Nicolo: http://spoti.fi/2vn8YvE
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God always seem to encourage me when I feel surrounded by adversities. But He does it in a way that people who don't know His loving and fatherly ways would miss.
Today I had a young lady come to my office and she was despondent about some things that she had to face. With the help of The Lord, I ministered to her regarding the power of the tongue and how she should use it to speak life into her own situation. I was led to minister to her regarding dealing with the voice from the Garden of Eden (Satan), using memorized scripture as her weapon. I praise The Lord because she said her day was messed up, but now she believes things are going to get better.
And I praise The Lord because He had me to listen to myself as I talked. Then I realized I was encouraging myself in Him. And of course I invited her to be my guest at my place of worship.
Lord God, you are awesome…I love you!!!
…but David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. 1 Samuel 30:6
Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof. – Proverbs 18:21


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Find the best in design from independent artists, and make it uniquely yours.
Bring unique design to your wedding website, stationery, and decor, created by independent artists and customized for your big day.
Our curated collection of unique design especially for children, featuring apparel, home decor, stationery, and party essentials.
This take on Minted was made by
undefined from , a member of Minted's
community of independent artists.
Designers were asked to submit a chic and modern design.
If you see a design that is not available for sale, please email us and we will help you purchase the design.
To link to this design on other websites, copy & paste this HTML.
Sweet 16 is about keys to the car, but it's also about hanging with your besties.
invitations, watercolor, teen girl, keys, tassels
turquoise, gold, gray
Futura, handlettering
Sweet Sixteen (foil)
Aug 29 2017
Aug 30 2017
Do you think a teenager would prefer a softer watercolor or a brighter invite?
Do you think a teenager would prefer a softer watercolor or a brighter one?
I prefer the darker one personally. The first one just looks a tad washed out. The deeper colors add dimension.
We uncover design genius through ongoing design competitions. At Minted, all that matters is good design. Designers submit, and the Minted community votes to tell us what to sell.
"Our purpose in life is to uncover exceptional design from all over the world and bring this to savvy consumers who won't accept anything else."
Copyright © 2018, MINTED LLC, all rights reserved


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Meeting Maxwell
Yay! He's here!! Erik and Jennelle brought this little guy into the world just a few months ago and I couldn't be happier to have had the opportunity to photograph this super fun… Continue reading
Yay! He's here!! Erik and Jennelle brought this little guy into the world just a few months ago and I couldn't be happier to have had the opportunity to photograph this super fun… Continue reading
I have just a few very special clients (friends) who I've been able to photograph from the very beginnings of their families. Being able to witness and capture such special moments, starting with weddings… Continue reading
I really love animals. Especially dogs. And I really like spending time with other people who also love dogs. Michelle and Spencer have been together for more than seven years, and in addition to… Continue reading
Dad has said for years "I'd like to keep shooting weddings until I'm ## years old". Well, this year he celebrated that birthday, and sure enough, now he's ready to take it easy.… Continue reading
In bold font on the Notre Dame High School Summer Camp web page are the words: you'll never forget your summer with Notre Dame. While I'm sure this is certainly the case for any high… Continue reading
A bride after my own heart, Lauriana loves all things girly and sparkly, and has the taste to pull them together in such an elegant way! I had such a wonderful time photographing… Continue reading
What a treat to spend the last moments of 2015 (and the first moments of 2016) with such a lovely and warm couple! They met not as Alison and Bill, but as jurors… Continue reading
I love receiving holiday cards. Admittedly I'm not always great about getting them out, but I love receiving them… especially when they feature photos that I took. (is that wrong to admit??) This… Continue reading
I don't always post every portrait shoot that I do, but I just loved these photos of Tessa and wanted to share them. We love Tessa. She is a wonderful pianist and accompanist, and… Continue reading
When Samantha asked me to photograph Maverick's Birthday party, I was super excited. Samantha and her sister Elizabeth have been photography clients of ours for years, since they were first engaged to their… Continue reading
Michelle and Jonathan didn't want to see each other before the ceremony on their wedding day. And due to the national park requirements, they weren't able to start their ceremony until very close to… Continue reading
Earlier this year Michelle and Jonathan hiked 140 miles of the Pacific Crest Trail in just 15 days. I can only imagine the peace and connectedness that one feels with nature after experiencing it… Continue reading


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For the Love of Dogs: A Reading to Celebrate Pet Appreciation Week
Friday September 22
3:00 pm
Robin Becker's eighth collection of poems will appear in Spring 2018 in the Pitt Poetry Series. She dedicates her reading to Rescue Organizations everywhere.
The daughter of a veterinarian, Leslie Lawrence, is the author of The Death of Fred Astaire and Other Essays from Outside the Lines, a Forward Indie Book Finalist. She'll read her essay "Dogs and Children."


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Leighton Denny Two Of A Kind Collection - Jewellery Box/Images Of The Past
Leighton Denny Two Of A Kind Collection - Jewellery Box/Images Of The Past
Product Description
This pretty kit laces your nails with tones of purples and pinks. Make a statement with Jewellery Box, a deep plum and gold glitter infusion or paint your nails with a delicate pink rose gold shimmer with Images Of The Past.
This Two Of A Kind Collection contains:
Jewellery Box Nail Colour 5ml - deep plum and gold glitter infusion colour
Images of the Past Nail Colour 5ml - delicate rose gold laced with metallic shimmer
Ensure nail tips are dry, smooth and clean from any oily residue. Apply Undercover Base Coat - this dries matt, helping to grip the colour to your nail. If required, roll the colour bottle between the hands to mix it up; never shake it as this can cause air bubbles. Apply two thin coats, rather than one thick coat. This helps reduce chipping and extends wear time. Ideally, finish with Crystal Finish Top Coat to help seal the colour and again extend wear time.


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NEW YORK – DECEMBER 2011 – Hudson Furniture Collection and Barlas Baylar, based in New York, is pleased to announce an unprecedented, fashion-design creative partnership with the house of Alexander McQueen, located in London.
This unique collaboration debuts in the form of a jointly designed collection of one-of-a-kind couture fashion and architectural design, to be shown at a by-invitation-only event.
On Tuesday, December 6, 2011 in New York City from 6:00 to 9:00 PM, the two houses will together unveil brand new designs inside the Alexander McQueen showroom and contiguous Hudson Furniture showroom.
Innovative, new design collections will be exhibited by both for the very first time, including a McQueen couture gown and artful new creations by Hudson's principal designer Barlas Baylar.
*Invitation via Gotham Public Relations with press or A&D industry credentials only*


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I decided to explain what greetings to use when you're in France and when it's right to use them and to who you say them too😌
Feel free to comment below if you have any questions or don't understand something!
There are many ways of greeting people in French! The most common ones are..
Salut! – Salut is an informal way of saying hi! It's used in postcards and informal letters too! Aswell as hi, it beens bye also😀
Coucou!– This is another informal way of saying hi! It can be used in postcards and informal letters also!
Bonjour!- Hello!
Au revoir!- Goodbye!
Allo- Used when you're on a phone call!
If you're a young child/teenager/adult and you're meeting your friends, you can say 'Salut' and 'Coucou' to them! Although , if you're a child/teenager/adult and you've just met another adult for the first time, you do not say 'salut' or 'coucou' as it is too informal! Therefor, you say 'bonjour' which can be used all the time for anyone, formal or informal.
It's important to remember that nomatter what age you are, you need to talk to adults with respect (like anywhere) the only difference is, the words change. Some adults can personally get offended if you use an informal word or slang with them, and from my experience, some older family members can get offended as they were brought up a different way.
You don't need to speak formally to all the adults in your family!
If you're a tourist, when you speak to people in shops, strangers even, always say 'bonjour' and never say 'tu' or 'toi' (meaning, 'you'). You must say 'vous'.
Vous & tu mean the same thing, but tu is informal and used to people you know well (excluding teachers).
Vous is formal, and used to people you just met (excluding kids talking to kids).
I hope you've learned something new and it wasn't too confusing!
Merci bien🌸


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Cute clothes for cloth diapered kids
This post is part of our guest blogger series. Learn more about the author, Jennifer Madigan, below.
Let's be honest; you can usually spot a cloth-diapered bum a mile away.
When I was first shopping around for cloth diapers, I was drawn to a diaper that promised a slim look that wouldn't be noticed under clothes. What I ended up with was a full set of diapers that didn't work and still created that big cloth-diapered butt (and I eventually gave up).
With my second child, I decided to go for function and made the switch to the Mother ease Wizard Duo and have come to love the look because I know my cloth diapers are going to work.
What I've come to find is there are plenty of cute fashions that fit with the extra cushion. In most clothes, you can size up to get proper coverage, but there are plenty of styles popular right now that work as-is.
The best part is a quality cloth diaper will keep those clothes looking cute by containing blowouts and leaks!
Here are some of my favorite fashions:
Sleepers and Rompers
When my kids were brand new I found pants to be constrictive, so I tended to keep them in sleepers 95% of the time. But it did feel like they were having a pajama party all day every day.
Now there are really cute rompers that take the look from night to day.
Left to right: baby g in a Mini Mioche french terry romper and the Mini Mioche biker romper
Mini Mioche always has a number of different rompers in their line-up in French terry, fleece, or jersey (all organic cotton & made in Canada). They're cute, cozy and look comfortable. Plus there is tons of room to cover the cloth.
Left to right: two variations of the Brindille & Twig harem romper pattern complete
If you are a half-decent seamstress you can also sew your own rompers. I've seen moms personalize this harem romper pattern by Brindille & Twig in so many ways, and every variation would work perfectly with a fluff bum. Sewing your own (or having a good friend or family member do it for you) also gives you room to personalize the romper for a perfect fit.
Left to right: a summer romper I sewed for baby g, and an outfit styled by @lelarina1986
This past summer, I also discovered this strappy summer romper – perfect for girls and boys. I actually bought a pattern and made my own for baby g. The back rise is high enough to fit over his Wizard Duo and the style is perfect. I love it! I'm even seeing some moms layering up the summer romper with thick tights and a long-sleeve shirt for a more wintery look and it's so sweet.
Left to right: two rompers by KK and Boo out of the UK
I also found these distinctively girly rompers in a small online shop out of the UK, KK and Boo. I love the old fashioned look of styles like these.
Back when these styles were first popular, all babies were in cloth diapers, so they are designed for cloth diapering families like yours!
This is another old-timey look, and I'm digging it! There are a number of cute styles for girls; some look like shorts, others just cover the diaper and some have a little skirt detail.
Left to right: velvet bloomers from Posh Kiddos and a sweet outfit from Petito in Norway
I was going to say this is only for the girls, but then I found a woman named Rina on Instagram and a shop called Little Maggie Moo and they have me looking for a few pairs for my little guy.
The boy version of bloomers looks more like shorts that would fit perfectly over cloth and make me think of Prince George in his sweater vest and knee-high socks.
Left to right: another outfit styled by @lelarina1986, her little guy in bloomers, and an outfit by Little Maggie Moo
It turns out there is a royal tradition behind the young prince in shorts.
"It's a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts," William Hanson told Harper's Bazaar UK. "Trousers are for older boys and men, whereas shorts on young boys is one of those silent class markers that we have in England.
"Although times are (slowly) changing, a pair of trousers on a young boy is considered quite middle class – quite suburban. And no self-respecting aristo or royal would want to be considered suburban. Even the Duchess of Cambridge."
So you can style your boy in a cute pair of bloomers, hide the bulk of his diaper and appear Royal all at the same time!
Grow with me pants
Left and right: 'evolutive' pants by Coton Vanille
The Miniloones/Maxaloones style was designed with a cloth diaper in mind. There is an extra panel sewn in to provide more room where it is needed most. They are also designed to fit from 6 months to 36 months by rolling up or down the waist and leg cuffs.
They are also great for baby-wearing parents because of that extra room in the rump and the ability to roll down the bottom of the pants if they rise once the child is in position.
Harem pants
There are also styles for those of you who aren't into the cutesy old-fashioned look. A dark harem pant, paired with a baggy shirt and a slouchy beanie makes for an adorable mini hipster – especially if you pair it with some cool kicks.
Left to right: burgundy velvet joggers by Electrik Kidz and zipper joggers by Posh Kiddos
You can find a pair of harem pant to match almost any style you want.
I love these edgier looks by Montreal's Electrik Kidz and Posh Kiddos out of Arizona. They look cool and comfortable at the same time!
Again, my aversion to restrictive pants led me to overalls with my son, and I quickly became obsessed. They are comfortable and practical and fit well over his cloth diapers. It's a great look for boys or girls.
Left to right: overalls and shirt from OshKosh B'Gosh and baby g in another pair of OshKosh overalls over his Wizard Duo
Wool longies
Whether they're made of upcycled wool, wool interlock, or hand knit, they are always cute and a great option for a cloth diapering family.
I would put them over top of my Wizard Duos, but I think they would be another comfortable option for baby g.
Left to right: @ashleymarie9w's cutie pie in a pair of wool longies, and an adorable hand-knit pair of monster longies by Rossi Knitting Company
Little Henry Wyatt looks adorable in his wool pants (check out mom's Instagram feed for more sweet pics) and I wish I was talented enough at knitting to whip up a pair of those adorable monster pants for baby g. I might have to just go buy a pair instead.
Dresses, skirts & tutus
This is obvious, I know but recently a friend of mine told me she is giving up on cloth diapers because she doesn't like the look of it on her little girl now that she's a full grown toddler running about. With my daughter that was the easy part – she would wear a dress or skirt every single day if I had enough.
The best part about cloth diapers is that you don't have to buy bloomers to go underneath! Especially if you have a rainbow of solid-colored diaper covers in your stash.
Left to right: big G in one of her many dresses and a rainbow of Mother ease Air Flow diaper covers
So I say, if you don't like the look of tight leggings or jeans stretched over a cloth diaper, try a new style before you ditch your diapers! And know that other clothed diaper-loving parents like me smile when they see a big cloth bum waddling around, knowing you are part of our tribe.
Jennifer Madigan is a Canadian cloth-diapering, coffee-loving mother of two. She documents her adventures in parenting at www.mommystrying.ca


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June 29, 2016
| Product
The soak-off gel-polish has a durable formula that can last for weeks.
The formula is easy to apply with no drying time, and can last up to 21 days.
The company has renamed more than 90 gel-polish shades to match the Essie polish.
June 28, 2016
| Video
Light Elegance's Lexy and Lezlie show the P+Pastel Gel-Polish colors on their own nails.
@TracyNailz shows how to create a floral design over a lilac ombre nails. She also creates a negative space accent nail.
June 24, 2016
| Video
Amy Becker shows how to prevent hard gel from separating from the natural nail without capping the edge. "Capping your gels makes the edge of the nail look bubbled. When you file a gel nail after the sealant and do this technique I demonstrate, you will have a very natural looking nail and less separation," she says.
June 23, 2016
| Video
Nails 21, a company based in Lisbon, Portugal, shows how to use the company's Mirror Powder with Nails 21 gels.
June 21, 2016
| Video
Naio Nails educator Kirsty Meakin shows how to create a bridal nail design, sculpting with acrylic and adding a gel design. Click here to watch part one.
June 16, 2016
| Video
Nails 21, a company based in Lisbon, Portugal, shows how to create a rustic floral nail design using gel.
Gel II's Reaction Rhythm is a color-changing soak-off gel-polish line.
In this Periscope video, Amy Becker shares her time saving tips and tricks for removing colored gel-polish off of hard gels.
Experience the luxury of couture with the new gel couture from Essie. Slip into salon perfection for up to 14 days of wear and instant gel-like shine with an easy two-step system. Create perfect color perfection with the patent-pending curve-hugging brush. No lamp needed. Gentle removal. For more informtion, visit http://www.essie.com/gelcouture.aspx.
June 15, 2016
| Video
Gisela Marti, Tammy Taylor Nails creative directo, creates a tiger eye nail art design using gels.
Nails 21, a company based in Lisbon, Portugal, shows how to create this floral design using gel.
Gel II shows an easy design idea for festive vacation nails.
Eye-Catching Acrylic Powders14 photos
18 Natural Nail Care Products to Add to Your Services18 photos
Learn More
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This week, we have passes for the romantic comedy, The Big Sick. To win your free pass to this special event in Washington, DC, and Baltimore, MD, you MUST be a StarAccess Movie Club member and answer our trivia question below.
If you enter the contest WITHOUT StarAccess Membership, you will NOT be considered for passes to this promotion AND if you already have registered for StarAccess, you DON'T have to re-register!!!!
THE BIG SICK plot:
The Big Sick is based on the real courtship of Kumail Nanjiani and his now-wife, Emily Gordon. Kumail's traditional Muslim family are unhappy with his relationship with Emily, an American. When Emily is waylaid by a mysterious illness, Kumail must take charge of the crisis with her parents, Beth and Terry.
Directed by Michael Showalter, from a screenplay by Kumail Nanjiani and Emily V. Gordon. It stars Nanjiani, Zoe Kazan, Holly Hunter, and Ray Romano.
To make our past distribution more equitable, winners are only eligible to win once every 15 days!
All entrants need to be StarAccess members (if you have already joined, you don't need to submit another application) AND submit your FULL NAME, your SCREENING MARKET and answer the following question below for your chance to win . . .
"Which famous actor was once roommates with producer Judd Apatow?"
Winners will be notified at the conclusion of the contest.
The Big Sick opens in theaters on June 23, 2017.


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Hey everyone! This week has been great! Probably one of the most stressful weeks of my life… but it has been well worth it! The best part was by far the baptisms of Cristina and Jessica! A mom and daughter we have been teaching for quite some time now. I contacted them on the road in august and they have been showing tons of interest and great progression, but have had some medical issues that didn't allow them to come to church or be baptized… This week we prayed like crazy, every single day, that they would be able to get baptized and it wasn't looking too great. We hadn't been able to teach them at all and it was being hard to contact them. One night, in desparation, we decided to just send a text to Cristina and ask her if she would be baptized the following Saturday. When we talked to her later she said yes!!! We went over to her house as soon as possible and planned everything. But when we talked to Jessica, she said she didn't want to because she was scared there would be fish in the water… We decided to just keep going and plan on baptizing both of them anyways. The day of the baptism arrived and when Cristina was all dressed and we were ready to start the meeting Jessica came up to me and said, "I saw the water… there are no fish in it. Can I still be baptized?" Haha it was a miracle! We called another missionary up right away so he could come do the interview and then had a fantastic baptismal service!
This weekend we also had transfers. Elder Gardner ended his mission which was pretty sad… I miss him already! I am staying here in Porto though with Elder Da Cruz! He is from Cape Verde. It should be fun serving with him! This weekend we will have a special zone conference and then stake conference with Elder Cook. We are super excited! As the Zone Leaders here we are going to have to organize quite a bit of stuff! And we are under a lot of pressure because it is an apostle coming and President Fluckiger wants everything perfect! It should go great though!
Anyways, have a great week! I love you all!
Elder Mehl


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Shannah Jay
Shannah Jay is the fantasy alias of Anna Jacobs. She wrote the Chronicles of Tenebrak soon after she started getting published, book 4 of which was shortlisted for Best Australian Fantasy Novel in the late 90s.
With the coming of ebooks, the Shannah Jay books have been re-issued via Amazon. They also include Tenebrak: the Founding, a look at the same world 20,000 years earlier, Envoy, a futuristic thriller/romance which is one of the authors own favourites, and an exciting childrens fantasy adventure The Sword of Azaray.
If only she didnt need to sleep every single night, Anna would put on her Shannah hat again and write more fantasy stories. But if you want to escape into her other worlds, including one where psychic gifts have been developed and fine-tuned, try Shannahs stories.
You can read more about Shannah Jay and her books, and read the first chapters, on Annas website.


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Attending TEDx Beacon Street was a highlight of this career project for me. Public speaking has always been something I've wanted to try, but haven't had much of an opportunity to do. Meeting so many great speakers in one place was an incredible experience. For those of you who are unfamiliar with TED Talks, TED is a non-profit organization dedicated to sharing great ideas, or as they say "Ideas Worth Spreading". They create a platform that gives inspiring speakers 18 minutes to deliver their big idea and then they publish those talks on their website. There are more than 2,000 talks on TED.com that have been viewed by millions of people around the globe. Independent TEDx events are currently organized and held in more than 150 countries. One of those events was held in Boston in November, which I was able to attend.
The venue was intimate – a school auditorium with seating for only about 300 people. With over 2500 people in attendance to see more than 75 talks over the course of two days, the lines to get in to see the speakers were long. Many people had to watch from one of the viewing rooms via live-streaming throughout the school. It was also broadcast live on the web – this little auditorium in this small school in Boston was reaching a worldwide audience.
The subjects were as varied as the speakers. From stone carving to cancer immunology, there were musicians, authors, educators, doctors and physicists. There was Juan Enriquez and Kandice Sumner, Nicolas Benoon, Linda Sue Park and Cornelia Trimble. All of them were great speakers that gave me an interesting perspective on their topics, but the main reason I went to Boston was to see Rebecca Ryan speak at this event.
Rebecca is a futurist, an economist and a thought leader that helps communities and companies think bigger, reach higher and build better. I am following Rebecca's career as a futurist, which will be part of another blog post coming soon, but a TED Talk is a milestone to reach in any public speaker's career. For some, it's THE milestone. This was a high point for Rebecca and I wanted to see her speech in person. There's something about seeing it live that resonates differently than viewing it online, and she rocked it!
Rebecca's talk, titled "Spring is Coming" was about how our country is currently in a winter season. We've had other winters in our history which have always led to spring and then summer, followed by fall and another winter. During a winter season we need to reflect on what we have learned from the past and what we are going to reframe in the future. What are we going to do for the generation that will inherit the next spring in 2020? What can we do to improve the world we live in? Her talk was moving and thought provoking. You can watch it at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxvcdQ4ogr8
So the big question – Is public speaking for me? Maybe! While I didn't give a TED Talk, last week I had to give my own speech to a group of business owners that needed some inspiration for the future. I would love to say that it was easy, but that was far from the case. It was much harder than I ever imagined. I prepared for weeks and I practiced for hours – in front of anyone that would listen to it. My poor family probably heard it about 15 times! I constantly reworked the timing, the message, the slides – everything. I put a lot of pressure on myself to make it perfect, and attending TEDx gave me the inspiration and pointers on how to achieve that.
My speech lasted 24 minutes and it was probably the single most difficult thing that I've done this year. As someone who gets nervous to be put on the spot when asked to talk in a large group, being well prepared made a huge difference. While I was still incredibly nervous and anxious leading up to it, in that moment I was so practiced, it simply flowed. I felt the audience respond and it went incredibly well! I can only imagine how it must have been for those presenting at TEDx in Boston. If my own experience was anything like that, this is definitely something I would like to try again!
If you would like to watch all of the speakers from TEDx Beacon Street in Boston, you can view them here: http://www.tedxbeaconstreet.com/


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Hello! We are Class 1.
We are a fantastic class because we really like learning and always try our best.
As a class we are a friendly bunch and very kind as we always have kind feet and kind legs- this is one of our class rules.
We work well together and love having a challenge.
We had so much fun learning about China. We did lots of fun things during our Chinese Celebration Day. We also used clay in Art to make dragons and used compass directions on a map of China.
Our new topic this term is 'Creatures'. We will be reading 'Where the Wild Things Are' to focus on the features of a story. During this topic, we are going to be learning all about different animals.
"Sit in your child's seat" PowerPoint Summer 2018
Year 1 and Year 2 common exception words
Click on to the following link to find out about hot meals and how to order them.
Each term you will receive a letter/ booking form to book that term's clubs.
Preshute Church of England Primary School
High Street, Manton, Wiltshire.
Preshute Church of England Primary School
High Street, Manton, Wiltshire SN8 4HH t: 01672 512 754 e: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Nawww, it's Amy!
L: You're related to Judy Garland? My friend Molly would give her big toe to be able to claim that! What's your favorite Judy movie?
Yes, Judy Garland is my great Aunt! My favorite movie is The Wizard of Oz! I love the song, "Over the Rainbow", it just brings tears to my eyes.
I would sleep in until 10am, then head out for a mani/pedi. After, I would have lunch with a friend and go shopping. After shopping I would head home to read a good book and take a nap. Wake up for a Lobster dinner and some red wine, then go for a walk. I would end my day with a hot bath and a fun movie!
With my daughter I only had one name in mind and that was Alyce. We had to come up with a middle name and we came up with Jayne. The spelling was the difficult part! Like: Alice Jayne, Alyce Jane, or Alyce Jayne (which we ended up choosing). So no others names crossed my mind or my husband's! She was named after her great grandmother who passed away of ovarian cancer early in life.
A hard question ice cream or a cocktail? It depends on the day. If it is way too hot outside I love to go to a mom and pop shop that has yummy cookie dough peanut butter in a waffle cone. But after a long day I may like a nice glass of red wine.
L: Well, that wasn't picking one at all, now was it? Haha! It's okay, that was probably the hardest question I asked. I loved chatting with you, Amy! I hope you like the outfit!


text:
Noli me tangere!
Below are two pictures of a cryptic plant found in northern Thailand (Chiang Mai and Tak provinces).
The spirally arranged leaves are leathery, with very tiny hairs on the leaf stalk. The stem is woody and it is dioecious (male and female flowers are born on different individual plants).
If a leaf is touched, it makes your hand numb for three days.
A tentative name would be Dendrocnide sinuata.
Originally I suspected a member of Urticaceae, but the key in 'Notes on Urticaceae of Taiwan' (Shih et al., 1995) states Dendrocnide being hairy, but to me it was glabrous. However, at a closer look there are tiny hairs! D. meyeniana is very similar. However, it is not mentioned by Smitinand (Thai pant names, 2001), and the Taiwanese publication claims the inflorescence is reddish, our specimen is not. Consulting the key for Dendrocnide in Flora of China I can either select between D. basiorotunda or D. sinuata, both occuring in Thailand, both having leathery leaves, which fits precisely. Since D. basiorotunda is a high elevation species on limestone, I guess we have D. sinuata.
Like most other plants, it is a reputed medicinal plant.
Eric Danell


text:
this afternoon here, alone for the first time in years, a hispanic woman came halfway down my driveway as i was loading my car for work.
i've read too many horror stories. all real. i asked her if she was lost and then felt very rude and practically racist. she held an empty bottle of water up and asked if i had water for her. i felt so uneasy. she glanced to the right side of my home into the woods or road as i met her halfway and took her bottle inside my home. i locked the door behind me and filled her up. i gave her the ice i had and she had not moved from the halfway point of my driveway when, after looking out of all of my windows, i returned with her water and my car key poised between my second and third fingers like a shiv. i thought her partner was going to come out of anywhere the entire time. my ears listened so hard, i made sure to look and listen to everything as i handed her her bottle back. i risked being a little late to the show in order to make sure i wasn't being speculated or watched.
i've known two people who were raped and robbed in situations like this. the door gets a knock, or ring or someone new says hello outside, coaxes you into your home then you are followed or ambushed and left with a varying degree of individuality or property left.
even two years ago, i would have had this woman into my home, since my door was always open, made her sweet tea. talked to her about where she had immigrated from and what her culture was like. who her family were and what they were like. today, the new me, looks at every stranger like an unpinned grenade. i hate having to be realistic about what my city is becoming. every cop a robber and sometimes your robber a cop. it's enough to make you move.
if you had any money.


text:
Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Risk of Acute Coronary SyndromeClinical Perspective
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Background—Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce coronary mortality. Previous data in relation to nonfatal coronary disease, however, have been inconsistent, which may be explained by the use of heterogeneous methods to assess the intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We investigated the hypothesis that the content of total and individual marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue is negatively associated with the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including both fatal and nonfatal coronary disease.
Methods and Results—In the Diet, Cancer and Health, a Danish cohort study, 57 053 subjects were enrolled and had an adipose tissue biopsy taken at inclusion. During a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years, we identified and verified all cases (n=1012) with an incident acute coronary syndrome diagnosis, and a random sample of the cohort (n=1630) had their fatty acid composition in adipose tissue determined by gas chromatography. We found negative dose-response associations between the content of total marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and individual n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue and the risk of acute coronary syndrome. Comparing men in the highest and lowest quintiles gave a hazard ratio of 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.95) for total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.73) for docosahexaenoic acid. Nonfatal cases constituted >86% of cases, and the association was driven primarily by a reduction in the risk of nonfatal acute coronary syndrome. No consistent associations were found among women.
Conclusion—Intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may protect against acute coronary syndrome in men.
Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have received attention because of their potential beneficial effect on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) since Dyerberg et al1 demonstrated a low incidence of CHD in Greenland Eskimos. This was ascribed to a diet rich in long-chain n-3 PUFAs, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Since then, observational epidemiological studies2–10 and randomized clinical trials11–15 have supported a beneficial effect of fish consumption on the risk of CHD, although results have not been uniform.5–7,16–18 Several studies have reported that marine n-3 PUFAs have antiatherosclerotic, antithrombotic, antiarrhythmic, and antiinflammatory effects19,20 that may help explain a possible beneficial effect on the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which includes unstable angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and fatal MI.
Clinical Perspective on p 1238
Previous observational epidemiological studies have been based mainly on estimates of dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs. A major concern is random and systematic measurement error, which may be due to recall bias, variation in food intake over time, and variability in food table data used to translate dietary items into nutrients. Biomarker studies based on the content of EPA and DHA in plasma or red blood cells, which reflects the dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs during the preceding weeks, have shown more consistent beneficial effects.9,10,21–23 The content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue is a biomarker of the dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs during the preceding 1 to 3 years.24–28
We tested the hypothesis that the content of total marine n-3 PUFAs and the individual marine n-3 fatty acids, EPA, DHA, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), in adipose tissue is negatively associated with the risk of ACS among healthy subjects.
Diet, Cancer and Health is a prospective cohort study that has been described in detail elsewhere.29 Briefly, between 1993 and 1997, 80 996 men and 79 729 women 50 to 64 years of age were invited to participate in the study; 27 178 men and 29 875 women accepted the invitation. Eligible cohort members were all born in Denmark, lived in the urban areas of Copenhagen and Aarhus, and were not, at the time of invitation, registered with a cancer diagnosis in the Danish Cancer Registry. All participants gave written informed consent, and the study was approved by scientific ethics committees and the Danish Data Protection Agency.
An adipose tissue biopsy was taken from the buttocks of all participants using a luer lock system (Terumo, Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan) consisting of a needle, a venoject multisample luer adaptor, and an evacuated blood tube, according to the method of Beynen and Katan.30 Samples were flushed with nitrogen and stored at −150°C until analysis. When analyzed, biopsies were thawed and adipose tissue was removed to a glass and prewarmed at 50°C for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the fat was dissolved in heptane at 50°C, and fatty acids were transesterified by 2 mol/L KOH in methanol at 50°C for 2 minutes, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats, and Derivatives. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was determined by gas chromatography by use of a Varian 3900 GC with a CP-8400 autosampler (Varian, Middleburg, the Netherlands) equipped with a flame ionization detector. Split injection mode, a CP-sil 88 60 m×0.25-mm internal diameter capillary column, temperature programming from 90°C to 210°C, and constant flow were used. Helium was used as the carrier gas, and commercially available standards (Nu-Chek-Prep, Inc, Elysian, MN) were used to identify the individual fatty acids. Results were given as percentages of total fatty acids. The interassay coefficients of variation for determination of EPA, DPA, and DHA were 6.1%, 4.2%, and 5.2%, respectively.
At inclusion, participants completed a questionnaire concerning lifestyle and medical history, including information on smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity during leisure time, education, history of diabetes mellitus, and (for women) hormone replacement therapy. The questionnaires were checked by a trained interviewer during a clinical visit. At the same visit, body weight, height, and blood pressure were measured, and biological material, including adipose tissue, was collected.
Identification of cases with ACS has been described in detail elsewhere.31 Briefly, we identified all participants in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort who were registered with an incident discharge diagnosis of ACS in the Danish National Patient Registry until January 1, 2004. Medical records were retrieved and reviewed to ensure that all patients fulfilled the criteria of ACS according to current recommendations for epidemiological studies from the American Heart Association and other major health organizations.32 We also included participants registered in the Causes of Death Registry with ACS as the cause of death without prior registration of incident disease.
Statistical Analyses
We used a case-cohort design including all cases and a sex-stratified cohort sample (subcohort) of 1816 subjects (36 cases) drawn randomly from the whole cohort of 57 053 subjects. The subsample was generated retrospectively to size it according to the power calculation. We used the method of Cai and Zeng33 for power calculations. Assuming a significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, we would be able to detect a hazard ratio (highest versus lowest quintile) of 0.73 for men and 0.63 for women with the number of cases and subcohort size stated in Table 1. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for the statistical analyses, as if the full cohort were included, modified by a weighting scheme described by Kalbfleisch and Lawless34 and using a robust variance estimate. In the case-cohort design, weights were assigned to each subject, one for cases and N/n for noncases in the subcohort, with N (n) being the number of noncases in the cohort (subcohort). For women, N/n was 29 019/851, and for men, N/n was 25 142/929.
Associations were explored for the content of total marine n-3 PUFAs and for EPA, DHA, and DPA separately. Exposure variables were included as continuous variables, and regression coefficients were calculated when the assumptions were fulfilled. Subsequently, data were analyzed categorically and separately for men and women. To achieve the best statistical power, quintiles were defined according to the exposure distribution among cases. We calculated incidence rate ratios using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time axis, allowing for delayed entry. In multivariable analyses, we adjusted the risk estimates for known risk factors for CHD at baseline: smoking, body mass index, physical activity, education, history of diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and alcohol consumption. For women, we also adjusted for hormone replacement therapy. We decided not to control for potential confounding from diet because the measures of associations from models including diet would be without clear interpretation. Participants for whom information on ≥1 confounders was missing were excluded. We also examined the association between marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and body mass index. Analyses were performed with Stata version 9.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). Model adequacy was assessed graphically and found to be appropriate in all analyses.
In total, 1619 individual from the cohort (N=57 053) were excluded from this study because they had a diagnosis of ACS or cancer before entry into the study or did not fully complete the questionnaires (see the Figure).
We identified 1654 participants in the Cancer, Diet and Health cohort with an incident diagnosis of ACS in the Danish National Patient Registry after recruitment. We were not able to retrieve any medical records or had insufficient information on 103 cases, who were subsequently excluded from the statistical analyses. Of the remaining 1551 cases, 1059 fulfilled the criteria of ACS after review of all records. Twenty cases were excluded because their ACS diagnosis was related to a medical procedure, eg, major surgery. From the Causes of Death Registry, we included 111 cases registered with ACS as the cause of death without prior registration of ACS in the Danish National Patient Registry. The incidence rates for men and women were 0.5 and 0.1 per 1000 years, respectively, and the incidence rate ratio was 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 4.2). We excluded 138 cases and 150 controls from the statistical analyses because insufficient amounts of adipose tissue were available for biochemical analyses (n=252) or because information on ≥1 confounders was missing (n=36; see the Figure). This left 1012 cases for final analysis. More than 86% of cases were nonfatal ACS, and only 143 had fatal ACS; for this reason, results are given only for total ACS.
Baseline characteristics of the subcohort and ACS patients are given in Table 1. There were more current smokers, subjects with systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg, patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with higher serum cholesterol levels, and subjects with education <8 years among cases than in the subcohort. In women, there were also more overweight subjects among cases compared with the subcohort.
We found a significant dose-dependent negative association between the content of total marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and the incidence of ACS in men (Table 2). When included as a continuous variable, the regression coefficient was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.98) per 0.1% of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue. The adjusted hazard ratio for subjects in the highest compared with the lowest quintile was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.95). The association was driven primarily by an underlying association for DHA, but negative associations were also found for EPA and DPA.
No consistent associations were observed in women (Table 2). In addition, no negative association was found between marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and body mass index.
We found a significant monotonic negative association between the content of total marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and the incidence of ACS among men. A significant negative association was also found between the content of DHA and ACS, whereas the associations for EPA and DPA were negative but not statistically significant. In contrast, we found no consistent associations among women.
Our study had several strengths. We collected adipose tissue biopsies from a large cohort of subjects before diagnosis of disease and determined the content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue, which is considered a good long-term marker of dietary intake of these fatty acids.24,28 During follow-up, only a few subjects were lost, and a large number of ACS events was registered. All outcome data from the hospital discharge register were validated through review of each medical record to ensure a correct diagnosis of ACS according to current criteria. Moreover, we had information on several potential confounders that we adjusted for in our statistical analyses, but this had no substantial influence on the risk estimates, making residual confounding an unlikely explanation for the study results. We used a case-cohort design because the outcome was rare, and analysis of fatty acid composition in fat tissue is costly and impairs the use of adipose tissue for other purposes.
Our study also had limitations. The age distribution in our study was the same for both sexes, but the number of female cases was substantially lower than that of men, probably because women in general are older when they experience ACS.35,36 The confidence intervals were thus wide for women; the power to study potential effect modification from sex was limited; and there were too few cases to allow separate analyses of fatal ACS. Disadvantaged population groups are often underrepresented in cohort studies requiring active participation, which appears to be the case in the Diet, Cancer and Health study.29 This could minimize the variation in the exposure (the content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue) and makes it more difficult to reveal an association between marine n-3 PUFAs and ACS. The level of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue was low and the interindividual differences were limited. This may have limited the possibilities to reveal an association between marine n-3 PUFAs and ACS. Unfortunately, we did not have access to plasma or cells (eg, red cells), so we were unable to compare the content of n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue with that in plasma or cells. The content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue depends not only on dietary intake but also on conversion from other fatty acids and on the metabolism and distribution of fatty acids into different tissues in the body. However, humans can convert α-linolenic acid, a shorter essential n-3 PUFAs mainly derived from plants, into EPA and DPA to only a very limited degree, and the conversion to DHA is even smaller.
We excluded all participants with ACS before the study period but not participants with other cardiovascular diseases who were at increased risk of ACS. Ascertainment of a disease may lead to a change to a healthier diet, including an increase in the intake of seafood. We may therefore have underestimated the association between the content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and the risk of ACS.
We did not have information on medication and thus were not able to adjust for the use of, for example, statins or aspirin. However, we adjusted for total cholesterol and blood pressure and found that further adjustment for medication would only affect the associations to a minor degree.
The stated P values and confidence limits have not been corrected for multiple testing, as preferred by Perneger37 and Rothman,38 but type I errors may be inflated.
Marine n-3 PUFAs are incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids, where they may affect membrane function, cell signaling, arrhythmic properties, and a variety of other processes.5,6,18,39 These mechanisms may explain a possible antithrombotic11,40 and/or antiarrhythmic5,12,15,41 effect of marine n-3 PUFAs on the reduced risk of ACS. In addition, a stabilizing (antiinflammatory) effect of marine n-3 PUFAs on human atherosclerotic plaques has been reported42 that may decrease the risk of plaque rupture and thus ACS. Finally, marine n-3 PUFAs also lower plasma triglycerides, impair platelet and leukocyte reactivity, lower heart rate, and may slightly reduce blood pressure.5,20,39,43 The mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs reduced ACS in men in the present study are uncertain. We observed a difference in the risk of ACS between groups, with small detectable differences in n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue with very low levels of these fatty acids. Other epidemiological studies have also found differences in ACS risk between groups with even small differences in intake of n-3.3,7,16 In our study, the content of DHA in adipose tissue was more strongly associated with the ACS risk than the levels of EPA and DPA. This may reflect special properties of DHA, or it may be that adipose DHA is an adequate marker of dietary intake of fish and total marine n-3 PUFAs.
Previous observational epidemiological studies and randomized trials3–5,12,18,22,23,40 have reported beneficial effects of dietary intake of fish and marine n-3 PUFAs on the risk of fatal MI, especially among subjects already diagnosed with CHD. The results concerning the risk of nonfatal MI and ACS, however, have been conflicting.11,13,16,17,21,43,44,45 We found a negative association between the total marine n-3 PUFA (and DHA) content in adipose tissue and the risk of ACS. Most cases (86%) were nonfatal ACS cases. Thus, our results indicate that marine n-3 fatty acids are important, and the clear associations found in this study compared with previous studies may reflect high-quality exposure and outcome assessment.
Other studies have reported negative associations between the intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and the risk of ACS in women,3 but no association between marine n-3 PUFAs and the risk of ACS was observed in our study. The ACS incidence rates for men and women differed in our study, indicating that there may be sex differences in the risk factors for or presentation of ACS and raising the possibility of sex differences in the effect of marine n-3 PUFAs. Importantly, the number of women with ACS was rather low in our study.
Different methods to determine dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs may help explain the different results in previous studies. Biomarker studies may have advantages compared with studies using data from food frequency questionnaires because these measures are less prone to recall bias. Harris and von Schacky46 have introduced the term Omega-3 Index, which is the content of marine n-3 PUFAs in red blood cell membranes, and have reported that subjects with an Omega-3 Index <4% were at increased risk of ACS compared with subjects with a higher index.21,23,46,47 Another case-control study, however, could not confirm this finding.48 Red blood cells were not available for analysis in this study, so we were unable to provide further information on this issue.
Other case-control studies have examined the impact of the content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue on CHD risk and reported a significantly lower content of marine n-3 PUFAs49 or DHA50 in adipose tissue among incident cases with MI or angina pectoris compared with controls. Thus, in the European Multicenter Case Control Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction and Cancer of the Breast (EURAMIC), which included 639 male cases with incident MI and 700 healthy controls, Guallar et al51 found a significant trend toward a lower risk of MI with higher DHA levels in adipose tissue. Fat mass may differ between subjects, and overweight individuals may potentially have lower relative levels of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue. We therefore examined the association between marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue and body mass index but found no negative association.
The risk of ACS was lower in men with a higher content of total and individual marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue. This suggests that intake of seafood may protect against ACS. The results in women were inconsistent, and further studies are warranted to clarify the association between marine n-3 PUFAs and ACS in women.
We want to thank Inge Aardestrup and Rikke Bülow Eschen for analyzing the adipose tissue biopsies.
Sources of Funding
This study was supported by the Danish Heart Foundation, Danish Cancer Society, and Svend Andersen Foundation.
- Received September 2, 2010.
- Accepted July 6, 2011.
- © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc.
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Clinical Perspective
Previous studies have shown that intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has a beneficial effect on coronary mortality, especially among patients already diagnosed with coronary disease. The effects of marine n-3 PUFAs on nonfatal coronary disease and in healthy subjects have, however, been inconsistent. This may be explained by the use of heterogeneous methods to assess the intake of marine n-3 PUFAs. The content of marine n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue has been reported to be a good and objective marker for long-term dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. In a cohort study including 57 053 healthy subjects, we investigated the content of n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue among 1012 cases with incident acute coronary syndrome during the study period of 7.6 years and in a random sample of the cohort (n=1630). We found negative dose-response associations between the content of marine n-3 PUFAs and the risk of acute coronary syndrome among men, whereas no consistent associations were found among women. These results support the hypothesis that dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs may protect against acute coronary syndrome in healthy men and therefore support the recommendation by the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology to eat fish, especially oily fish (the primary source of dietary n-3 PUFAs), at least twice a week.
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- Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Risk of Acute Coronary SyndromeClinical PerspectiveAlbert Marni Joensen, Kim Overvad, Claus Dethlefsen, Søren Paaske Johnsen, Anne Tjønneland, Lars Hvilsted Rasmussen and Erik Berg SchmidtCirculation. 2011;124:1232-1238, originally published September 12, 2011https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.987057
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- Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Risk of Acute Coronary SyndromeClinical PerspectiveAlbert Marni Joensen, Kim Overvad, Claus Dethlefsen, Søren Paaske Johnsen, Anne Tjønneland, Lars Hvilsted Rasmussen and Erik Berg SchmidtCirculation. 2011;124:1232-1238, originally published September 12, 2011https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.987057