text:
Sections: Introduction -> What is Political Participation? -> The Causes of Political Participation -> Inequality and Privilege -> Interim Observations -> Privilege and Capital -> Adapting Capital -> Reconciling Privilege and Political Participation -> The Importance of Perception -> Conclusion
The preceding sections have outlined in detail a process that leads from background characteristics to political participation and, in doing so, have provided an account of the workings of privilege. In considering such mechanisms the focus has been on the workings of structural influences at the individual level. Those influences are external to individuals and, thus, do not account for the internal processes that are also a crucial influence on outcomes. That is to say that what people think and feel is a critical additional link in the causal chain from background to behaviour. Thus, the previous sections have dealt with the key externally observable concepts that account for the workings of the overarching concept of privilege, and can thus be seen as an account of objective privilege. They do not account for subjective privilege, or the thoughts and feelings that people have about their backgrounds, how they relate to their current place in society, and their ability to participate in certain activities such as politics. Subjective privilege is thus based on perception.
Missing the perceptual component out of any account of the influence of privilege on political participation renders the causal chain incomplete, undermining any explanation. The impact of objective privilege is crucially related to whether it is perceived and how relevant it is seen to be in a given context. Ultimately, behaviour is not influenced only by structural forces but also by beliefs about those forces. A key reason for not participating in politics is the belief that one does not possess the requisite economic, social, or cultural capital to do so. Privilege itself may have a direct impact on political participation but that impact will be notably different if it is alive in the minds of individuals. Perception of privilege is thus important in its own right but also has the potential to improve our understanding of how privilege itself impacts on political participation.
Questions regarding the origins of perception, how it functions, and its effects have been a matter for philosophical debate and extensive psychological research.[1] The focus of the current research is particularly on the components of perception that relate to relations and causality.[2] Specifically, it is concerned with whether individuals perceive a societal hierarchy that encompasses them (relations), and what they perceive to be the reasons for that hierarchy and any effects it may have (causality). It has been argued that '[i]ndividual psychology and social inequality relate to each other like a lock and key.'[3] This is because there is a crucial relative component to inequality, with perception of the positions of others being based on perceptions of one's own position.[4] This recognition of the significance of self-comparison against others informed the development of relative measures of wealth and poverty.[5] The relative component of inequality, though, does not just relate to economic measures and, in Britain, class labels and their associated places within a status hierarchy are of great importance.[6] Relative placement is bound up with perception and has consequences for political participation. Thus, for the sake of clarity, the focus of this research is not on perception in general but specifically on the perception of privilege. It is necessary below to consider the workings of some more general components of perception, and the impact that they have, but only in so far as they inform our understanding of perception of privilege.
Survey evidence shows that in countries with a history of enforced equality the perception of conflict in society, especially between rich and poor, leads to lower support for democracy, and a reduced likelihood of participation in it.[7] This is complemented by impressive survey evidence that negative information, for instance relating to conflict, is more important than positive information in the formation of political impressions and subsequent behaviour.[8] Aggregate measures also show that higher inequality depresses voter turnout in democratic societies.[9] Experimental evidence indicates that such disengagement may be underpinned by low power individuals heightening their perceptions of relationships between the powerful, perhaps because of anxiety stemming from the perceived threat of an outgroup.[10] Heightened perceptions of power relations further up a hierarchy could contribute to the 'paradox of distance' in which voters can hold negative dispositions towards politicians in the abstract whilst being much more favourable to individual local politicians.[11] At the same time, those of higher status tend to inflate their distance from those of lower status by perceiving more layers in the hierarchy, which may inhibit reconciliation between politicians and the voting public.[12] This has led to calls for politicians to emphasise positions on issues that are of common benefit to all rather than focussing on specific group interests.[13]
Perceptions of certain groups can act as barriers to their participation, with evidence suggesting that those who are excluded from social groups display a disparity between how others perceive them and their self-perception.[14] Such excluded groups may be victims of stereotyping based on characteristics beyond their control,[15] for instance family status.[16] It was previously noted that stereotypes of women can lead to their exclusion from politics but gender is only one basis on stereotypes can affect status. Whatever their basis, as the importance of stereotypes increases they can create a culture of symbolic politics in which certain groups trigger affective responses in the population that can be played on by politicians.[17]
In fact, affect as well as cognition has an important impact on how political information is processed and they can work together to influence outcomes.[18] The relevance of both cognition-based calculations and affect-based expressive motivations in political behaviour has led to the proposition that individuals have an 'all-things-considered evaluation' that points to their preferred course of action.[19] The importance of affect and, in particular, anxiety in defining behaviour are the focus of the theory of cognitive dissonance. That theory posits that individuals have relatively accurate, if imperfect, perceptions of reality and thus of disparities between any of their opinions, beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviours.[20] The anxiety caused by the dissonance between those elements motivates people to bring them into line with each other, which they may do by changing their behaviour, their environment, or by seeking new information.[21] Considerable evidence was marshalled to support the theory, for instance demonstrating that being asked to publicly advocate a position leads to a greater adherence to that position because beliefs are brought into line with behaviour in order to avoid dissonance.[22] This corroborated evidence of a wider trend for individuals to bring their beliefs into line with their roles, be they in the work, social, or political context.[23]
The theory of cognitive dissonance has been influential in the field of political psychology, particularly in relation to voters' candidate preferences. Survey evidence has suggested that voters selectively perceive their preferred candidate's policy positions, a phenomenon referred to as projection, to ensure that it matches their own.[24] This is especially the case when they hold a positive affective disposition towards the candidate, when the candidate is ambiguous on the policy, and when the policy is important to the voter.[25] The evidence that voters bring their beliefs, affective dispositions, and actions into balance has been used to counter claims that voters learn candidates' positions from cues such as their party.[26]
Despite its influence, the theory of cognitive dissonance is of limited use in the current research because it suffers from causal ambiguity with regard to, for instance, the negative relationship that may emerge between perception of privilege and political participation. The theory suggests that this could be the result of a process in which individuals perceive their low levels of privilege as inappropriate in political contexts, and bring their political behaviour into line with those perceptions. Alternatively, politically inactive people could justify their behaviour by bringing their beliefs into line with it, thus constructing a belief in the exclusionary importance of privilege in political contexts.
Countering cognitive dissonance theory, and providing a clearer causal proposition, is the self-perception theory of Daryl J. Bem. In Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, he suggests that the idea of cognitive dissonance holds sway with academics because they spend a large part of their lives considering the consistency of their theories.[27] In its place he outlines an extensive theory of perception that begins with the identification of different levels of belief. 'Zero-order beliefs' are developed from the senses and 'are the "nonconscious" axioms upon which our other beliefs are built'. For example, the belief that our senses do not lie, or that our parents do not lie, are zero-order beliefs.[28] 'First-order beliefs' rely on zero-order ones and are based on information that is received from the sources that have been judged to be trustworthy. For example, identifying with a political party because one is brought up by parents who support it is a first order belief. Beyond first-order beliefs there is a vertical structure of higher-order beliefs, for example regarding the qualities of a policy proposed by a political party, all tracing their roots back to first- and zero-order ones.[29] At the same time, Bem suggests that there are horizontal links between higher-order beliefs meaning that there can be multiple reasons for holding a belief. Crucially, he also posited that the order of a belief can change over time so that, for instance, if the reason for trusting a newspaper is forgotten (due to habitual readership) then that trust becomes a zero-order belief.[30]
Based on the above ideas, Bem suggests that the links between beliefs require that they be cognitively consistent but that this does not mean that they must be logical or rational. This can be manifested in a number of ways, for instance if inductive generalisations are wrong, as with stereotypes. Alternatively, false premises may lead to false beliefs, for instance if an unreliable source is trusted. Higher-order beliefs may also be inconsistent despite shared bases, for instance if the fundamental belief in freedom leads to a contradiction in beliefs about protecting freedom with law. Finally, reasoning may be subtly illogical, for instance if correlation is identified as causation.[31] Thus the drive to resolve logical inconsistency may not be as strong as previously suggested and the possibility emerges that people can sustain imbalance between beliefs and behaviour.[32]
If dissonance is not the driver then an alternative explanation for the experimental results that support cognitive dissonance theory is required. In that light, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs marshals the same experimental evidence to support an alternative theory. It shows that external cues are used both in forming other's perceptions of an individual and by the individual when forming their self-perceptions. Bem posits that self-perception is taught in childhood by parents, who diagnose internal conditions from external cues, for instance identifying soreness from bruising. Learning this process of diagnosis from their parents, people come to diagnose their own conditions based on external cues as well as internal ones. Hence, experiments have shown that when physiological responses are induced with drugs similar to adrenalin the resultant mood reflects the cues provided, which were varied to indicate anger or happiness. The importance of external cues was also demonstrated by experiments showing that obese people rely more on external than internal cues for their eating habits. Additionally, and finally, corroboration was provided by the experimental finding that attraction to semi-nude pictures altered depending on the pace of heartbeat on a recording, thought to be an amplification of the subject's own heart.[33]
In addition to reporting the above, Bem replicated experiments demonstrating that individuals change their opinions to match conditioned or paid behaviour that contradicts their initial opinions if the conditioning or payment is not too incongruous. Crucially, the experiments are also replicated with individuals observing the behaviour in others and building their perceptions on that basis, with the same perceptual outcomes. It is argued that individuals are not driven to resolve cognitive dissonance in relation to others, rather their perceptions and self-perceptions are based on the same external cues that others use to perceive them.[34] This accommodates the importance of context and roles in defining behaviour.[35] At the same time, the theory provides a link from external structural influences to internal influences and provides a clear causal process leading to behaviour.
In relation to the current research, self-perception theory suggests that individuals utilise the same indicators to perceive their levels of capital as do those around them. Thus, individuals are likely both to perceive the extent to which they are privileged and, using different cues, the extent to which they are involved in political activity. This suggests that those who are less privileged, who are also less likely to participate in political activity, are likely to think of themselves as 'not political' or to consider that politics is 'not for them'. This is not just a process leading from external cues to perceptions; Bem did not deny that beliefs can also influence behaviour. Thus, once the belief that one cannot engage in political activity is established it is likely to contribute to and sustain disengagement. This is similar to the observation made by Brady, Schlozman, and Verba that motivations may be post-hoc rationalisations of behaviour but retain significance because of their capacity to influence future behaviour.
Crucially, the complex relationships between the three forms of capital, and the varying prominence of different types within each form, suggests that perceptions of capital will not be uniform. Different capital has relevance in different contexts and the significance of a certain type or form at a key formative stage of socialisation could influence persistent perceptions. In short, there is the possibility of variance in the relationship between privilege, perception of it, and political participation. This also has the potential to explain the different trends in participation in implicit and explicit political participation because people may perceive those activities, and thus their ability to participate in them, differently.
The above process leading from external structure to internal beliefs and then to subsequent behaviour fits within the molecular opinion structure proposed by Bem. This posits that a given belief is grouped with an attitude and a perception of social support.[36] Again this proposal only relates to a structure, not to the content of any of its parts. Thus, a person who believes that they are not privileged, by Bem's reckoning because they have observed external cues indicating as such, will feel a particular way about it and will seek other opinion that is supportive of that belief and feeling. This indicates that social groups can be important in maintaining beliefs, perceptions, and, as already noted, behaviour.
The importance of social groups is emphasised by social identity theory. That theory is based on experimental evidence suggesting the formation of group identity, and associated positive and negative emotions relating to in- and out-groups, independently of competition between groups for scarce resources.[37] The process that leads to that group identity begins with social categorisation, or 'the process through which separate individuals are clustered into groups.'[38] Subsequently social comparison is undertaken in which 'characteristic group features are interpreted and valued.'[39] Finally, social identification leads to seeing one's self as part of a given group to the extent that the features of the group become associated with the self.[40] It is argued that social identification is an affective process, with the complement to this being the more cognitive self-categorisation theory.[41] That theory posits that identification can occur at different levels of abstraction, for instance from the individual to the national. It further posits that self-categorisation depends on which other groups are salient, for instance influencing whether gender, ethnicity, class, nationality, or another grouping provides the basis for categorisation. The process depends not only on which groups are salient but also the size of the differences between them, meaning that categorisation is likely to be defined against the most different group. Thus, the process of self-categorisation means that patterns of assimilation and contrast stem from identification with or against the salient groups at the time.[42]
The above again points to the importance of context and role in defining perceptions and, in particular, it suggests the relevance of group status. It has been shown that membership of a low status group, especially in contexts where that low status is salient, lowers self-esteem, aspirations, and performance.[43] This can be linked to research suggesting that feelings of insecurity, which may be prompted by low status, make one less open to new ideas and settings.[44] The power of low status can feed into patterns of self-verification, in which people seek information that affirms their perceived status, potentially leading to an ongoing cycle of low self-esteem, limited aspirations, and underperformance.[45] The significant impact of low group status, and perception of that status, is important for the current research. Status is assigned on the basis not only of background characteristics but also of the associated levels of capital. This provides a direct link from privilege to group status and its associated behavioural implications.
The proposition that the negative feelings, such as anxiety, associated with low status lead to worse performance contradicts other theory that suggests the motivating impact of negative affect stemming from behaviour being inappropriate to the current setting.[46] The important point to note here is the different bases for the negative emotions; in the latter instance it is behaviour or beliefs that are at stake but in the former it is the status of the individual, which is more fundamental. That is to say, it is rather more challenging to struggle with a low status that implies an overarching inferiority, especially if that status has been assigned from an early age, than it is to deal with current behaviour being inappropriate to a particular setting. This can be linked to Bem's suggestion of zero-, first-, and higher-ordered beliefs; in the latter instance it is only higher order beliefs or behaviours that are being challenged whereas in the former it is a zero-order belief. Being in a context in which one's own capacities and worth are identified as low affects not only the zero-order belief about one's status but also, potentially, associated first- and higher-order beliefs.
The importance of low status the focus of social dominance theory, which identifies five different strategies for dealing with it. First, individuals may try defection from a group with low status, though this requires that the boundaries between groups are permeable or that they are able to disguise themselves. Second, they can be socially creative by redefining the grounds upon which groups are compared and selecting those that give their group high status. Third, retaining the current grounds that are used to assign status to groups, they can assert that their group's current practice is high status. Fourth, they can identify lower groups against which they can compare themselves. Fifth and finally, they can choose to compete with higher status groups for a better position.[47] Interestingly, these strategies echo features of Bourdieu's market for cultural capital, in which the classes not only compete for cultural capital but also to define which cultural capital has value. Crucially, competition stemming from hierarchies can take place outside the cultural domain and it has been posited that aggression stemming from marginalisation can lead to political activity.[48]
Beyond culture and politics, the general idea of group competition fits within the broader propositions of social dominance theory, which assumes that:
- Human social systems are predisposed to form group-based social hierarachies. This social hierarchy consists of at least one Hegemonic group at its top and at least one Negative Reference Group at its bottom. . . .
- Males will tend to possess a disproportionate degree of political power. We refer to this as the Iron Law of Andrarchy. . . .
- Most common forms of group conflict and oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, nationalism, classism) can be regarded as different manifestations of the same predisposition toward group-based social hierarchy.
- The formation of social hierarchy and primordial groups are survival strategies adopted by humans.[49]
The result of the above assumptions is the assertion that there will always be hierarchies with negative reference groups at the bottom, and questions remain about the extent to which challenging such inequality will be fruitful.[50] Part of the reason for the difficulty of challenging inequality is that there are those who defend the existing hierarchies, often amongst those who are in higher status groups or enforcement roles. Such people, who are disposed towards upholding the hierarchy, are referred to as having a high 'social dominance orientation'.[51]
According to social dominance theory, the maintenance of the hierarchy, in part by those with a high social dominance orientation, disempowers those with low status and restricts their options for action.[52] This leads to behavioural asymmetry, in which:
on the average, the behavioral repertoires of individuals belonging to groups at different levels of the social hierarchy will show significant differences, differences that have been produced by the dynamics of and which, in turn, reinforce and perpetuate the group-based hierarchy system. This behavioural asymmetry is induced by socialization patterns, stereotypes, legitimization myths . . . , and the operation of systematic terror.[53]
Thus, the hierarchy is sustained not only by the actions of those in enforcement roles or with high status but also, in part, by the behaviour of those with low status. In fact, social dominance theory suggests multiple different ways that behavioural asymmetry may manifest itself in high and low status groups. It may take the form of systematic out-group favouritism or deference amongst low status groups or, at the other end of the hierarchy, in-group bias. Alternatively, it may take the form of self-handicapping amongst low status groups, resulting in the lower performance noted previously. Finally, it may take the form of ideological asymmetry, in which the political ideology of a high-status group is more related to in-group favouritism than is the political ideology of a low-status group.[54] Such behavioural patterns are based around perceptions of in- and out-groups that may become entrenched from an early age and lead to automatic associations, implying that it may be difficult for individuals to change the associated behavioural patterns.[55]
In identifying ways in which unequal systems are maintained social dominance theory fits within a broader system justification theory, which posits that there are a range of beliefs that can be held to justify unequal systems. It has been argued that social dominance orientation functions as one of the main modes of system justifying alongside right-wing authoritarianism. Whilst the former is based around group competition, and the resultant right of high status groups to retain their earned position in the hierarchy, the latter is much more focussed on the threat posed by out-groups, with the in-group taken to be 'normal, morally good, [and] decent'.[56] It has been observed, based on survey evidence, that social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism function as separate spectrums in a similar fashion to the left-right and liberal-authoritarian political spectrums, which they may underpin.[57] As such, there is the possibility that individuals may be high in social dominance orientation but low in right-wing authoritarianism, vice versa, high in both, or high in neither.
Being high in either social dominance orientation or right-wing authoritarianism means that one holds system justifying beliefs. One of the forms that such beliefs frequently take is the 'fundamental attribution error' in which the low status of others is seen to be the result of their failings whilst one's own successes are considered to be due to hard work. Thus, those adhering to the error assign low status groups characteristics such as laziness, lack of worth ethic, or lack of money management skills.[58] Such beliefs are associated with the background characteristics of those who hold them but are also sustained through their prevalence in society at large.[59] As such, it has been argued that:
those who make external attributions have overcome the fundamental attribution error, the dominant ideology of individualism, the dearth of coherent philosophical justification for egalitarianism, and a noticeable lack of forthright political leadership.[60]
Thus, in 'explaining differences in the distribution of social and material goods in terms of differences in individual effort, talent, and merit and by holding people responsible for their outcomes'[61] system justifying beliefs are here considered to exist in opposition to perception of privilege, which requires recognition of systemic causes of inequality. This opposition is of particular relevance to the current research because system justifying beliefs have been found to relate to lower involvement in political activity.[62] Such beliefs are not only held by those with high status, and it is possible that the extent of disengagement from politics differs between individuals of varying statuses. This also suggests that the impact of perception of privilege may differ across different status groups, an idea that will be developed in subsequent chapters.
In summary, the combination of Bem's self-perception theory and theories related to group identity and status suggest an important role for perception of privilege in influencing political participation. It has been posited that individuals perceive their status in a hierarchy, albeit imperfectly, based on the same cues that others use to assign a status to them. At the same time, they perceive their status as a 'political person' from their activities in that area. To the extent that those activities are influenced by their social status the latter perception will be a reflection of their perception of that status. To the extent that they influence subsequent behaviour both perceptions will feed into future political participation. This is particularly important for low status groups that not only face structural barriers but, upon perceiving their low status, are also likely to respond with less effective behaviour. Even when successfully adopting strategies to overcome low status, for instance in the form of competition with other groups, low status groups may not fundamentally challenge the hierarchy itself. Since, as is argued in previous sections, background characteristics are an important influence on status and since hierarchies are widespread it is likely that perception of status begins at an early age. Despite those early origins the perception of status does not necessarily entail perception of the reasons for that status. This is a crucial focus for the current research, which is concerned with the perception of role of background characteristics in defining status and that perception's impact on political participation.
Sections: Introduction -> What is Political Participation? -> The Causes of Political Participation -> Inequality and Privilege -> Interim Observations -> Privilege and Capital -> Adapting Capital -> Reconciling Privilege and Political Participation -> The Importance of Perception -> Conclusion
[1] A. D. Smith, The Problem of Perception (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 1-17; Joseph Margolis, 'Objectivity as a Problem: An Attempt at an Overview', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 560, The Future of Fact (Nov., 1998), pp. 55-68.
[2] Walter Hopp, Perception and Knowledge (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 60-61.
[3] Wilkinson and Pickett, The Spirit Level, p. 33.
[4] Frances A. Maher and Mary Key Thompson Tetreault, The Feminist Classroom (Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), p. 22.
[5] Atkinson, The Economics of Inequality, pp. 227-228.
[6] Bennett et al., Culture, Class, Distinction, p. 193.
[7] Krzysztof Zagórski, 'The Perception of Social Conflicts and Attitudes to Democracy', International Journal of Sociology, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Fall, 2006), pp. 3-34.
[8] Richard R. Lau, 'Negativity in Political Perception', Political Behaviour, Vol. 4, No. 4 (1982), pp. 353-377.
[9] Solt, 'Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement', pp. 48-60.
[10] Brent Simpson and Casey Borch, 'Does Power Affect Perception of Social Networks? Two Arguments and an Experimental Test', Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Sep., 2005), pp. 278-287; Walter G. Stephen, 'Cognitive Differentiation in Intergroup Perception', Sociometry, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 50-58.
[11] H. George Frederickson and David G. Frederickson, 'Public Perceptions of Ethics in Government', Annals of the American Academy of Politics and Social Science, Vol. 537, Ethics in American Public Service (Jan., 1995), pp. 163-172, p. 163.
[12] Lionel S. Lewis, 'Class and the Perception of Class', Social Forces, Vol. 46, No 3 (Mar., 1964), pp. 336-340.
[13] Gregory Bovasso, 'Self, Group, and Public Interests Motivating Racial Politics', Political Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar., 1993), p. 3-20.
[14] David A. Goslin, 'Accuracy of Self Perception and Social Acceptance', Sociometry, Vol. 25, No. 65 (Sep., 1965), pp. 283-296.
[15] Eric Luis Uhlman, T. Andrew Poehlman, and Brian A. Nosek, 'Automatic Associations: Personal Attitudes or Cultural Knowledge', in Jon Hanson (ed.), Ideology, Psychology, and Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 228-260, pp. 244-245.
[16] Linda R. Bryan, Marilyn Coleman, Lawrence H. Ganong, and S. Hugh Bryan, 'Person Perception: Family Structure as a Cue for Stereotyping', Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Feb., 1986), pp. 169-174.
[17] David O. Sears, 'Symbolic Politics: A Socio-Psychological Theory', in Shanto Iyengar and William J. McGuire (eds.), Explorations in Political Psychology (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1993), pp. 113-146.
[18] Robert S. Wyer, Jr., and Victor C. Ottati, 'Political Information Processing', in Iyengar and McGuire, Explorations in Political Psychology, pp. 264-293, p. 282.
[19] Alan Hamlin and Colin Jennings, 'Expressive Political Behavior: Foundations, Scope and Implications', British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Jun., 2011), pp. 645-670, pp. 667-669.
[20] Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1957), pp. 9-11.
[21] Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, pp. 19-24.
[22] Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, pp. 104-112.
[23] Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, pp. 271-275.
[24] Drury R. Sherrod, 'Selective Perception of Political Candidates', The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter, 1971-1972), pp. 554-562.
[25] Michael D. Martinez, 'Political Involvement and the Projection Process', Political Behaviour, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1988), pp. 151-167.
[26] Donald Granberg, Jeff Kasmer, and Tim Nanneman, 'An Empirical Examination of Two Theories of Political Perception', The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 29-46; Pamela Johnston Conover and Stanley Feldman, 'Projection and the Perception of Candidates' Issue Positions', The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Jun., 1982), pp. 228-244; Donald Granberg, 'An Anomaly in Political Perception', The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 4 (Winter, 1985), pp. 504-516.
[27] Daryl J. Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs (Belmont, CA, Brooks/Col Publishing, 1970), p. 34.
[28] Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 6-7.
[29] Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 10-11.
[30] Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 11-12.
[31] Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, p. 13.
[32] Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, p. 34; Donald Granberg, 'Political Perception', in Iyengar and McGuire, Explorations in Political Psychology, pp. 70-108, p. 89.
[33] Bem, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 48-53.
[34] Daryl J. Bem, 'Self-Perception: An Alternative Interpretation of Cognitive Dissonance Phenomena', Psychological Review, Vol. 74, No. 3 (May, 1967), pp. 183-200.
[35] Bem, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 66-69.
[36] Bem, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 38-39.
[37] Naomi Ellemers and S. Alexander Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', in Paul A. M. Van Lange, Arie W. Kruglanski, and E. Tory Higgins (eds.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (Volume 2, London, Sage Publications, 2012), pp. 379-393, pp. 379-380.
[38] Ellemers and Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', p. 381.
[39] Ellemers and Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', p. 381.
[40] Ellemers and Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', p. 382.
[41] Ellemers and Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', p. 389.
[42] Ellemers and Haslam, 'Social Identity Theory', p. 388; see also John C. Turner and Katherine J. Reynolds, 'Self-Categorization Theory', in Van Lange, Kruglanski, and Higgins, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, pp. 400-414.
[43] Wilkinson and Pickett, The Spirit Level, pp. 36-39; Laurie T. O'Brien and Brenda Major, 'Group Status and Feelings of Personal Entitlement: The Roles of Social Comparison and System-Justifying Beliefs', in John T. Jost, Aaron C. Kay, and Hulda Thorisdottir (eds.), Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 427-439, pp. 429-430; Turner and Reynolds, 'Self-Categorization Theory', p. 410; Chris D. Hardin, Rick M. Cheung, Michael W. Magee, Steven Noel, and Kasumi Yoshimura, 'Interpersonal Foundations or Ideological Thinking', in Hanson, Ideology, Psychology, and Law, pp. 132-159, pp. 136-137.
[44] Geoffrey L. Cohen, 'Identity, Belief, and Bias', in Hanson, Ideology, Psychology, and Law, pp. 385-403, pp. 391-397.
[45] William B. Swann, Jr., 'Self-Verification Theory', in Van Lange, Kruglanski, and Higgins, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, pp. 25-38.
[46] George E. Marcus, W. Russell Neuman and Michael McKuen, Affective Intelligence and Political Judgement (Chicago, University of Chicago Press), pp. 48-58.
[47] James Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression: A Social Dominance Perspective', in Iyengar and McGuire, Explorations in Political Psychology, pp. 184-218, pp. 191-192.
[48] Russell J. Dalton, Manfred Kuechler, and Wilhelm Bürklin, 'The Challenge of New Movements' in Russell J. Dalton and Manfred Kuechler (eds.) Challenging the Political Order: New Social and Political Movements in Western Democracies (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990), pp. 3-20, pp. 6-7; Edward N. Muller, Aggressive Political Participation (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1979), pp. 180-182; Karl-Dieter Opp, 'Grievances and Participation in Social Movements', American Sociological Review, Vol. 53, No. 6 (Dec., 1988), pp. 853-864.
[49] Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression', pp. 196-197.
[50] Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression', pp. 215-218.
[51] Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression', p. 214; James Sidanius and Felicia Pratto, 'Social Dominance Theory', in Van Lange, Kruglanski, and Higgins, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, pp. 418-434, pp. 419-420.
[52] Sidanius and Pratto, 'Social Dominance Theory', p. 430.
[53] Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression', p. 202.
[54] Sidanius, 'The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression', pp. 202-207.
[55] Uhlman, Poehlman, and Nosek, 'Automatic Associations', pp. 228-260.
[56] James Duckitt and Chris G. Sibley, 'A Dual Process Motivational Model of Ideological Attitudes and System Justification', in Jost, Kay, and Thorisdottir, Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification, pp. 293-308, pp. 307-308.
[57] Duckitt and Sibley, 'A Dual Process Motivational Model of Ideological Attitudes and System Justification', p. 296; Bem, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Human Affairs, pp. 17-19; Anthony Heath, Geoffrey Evans, and Jean Martin, 'The Measurement of Core Beliefs and Values: The Development of Balance Socialist/Laissez Faire and Libertarian/Authoritarian Scales', British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jan., 1994), pp. 115-132, p. 117; Brian A. Nosek, Mahzarin R. Banaji, and John T. Jost, 'The Politics of Intergroup Attitudes', in Jost, Kay, and Thorisdottir, Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification, pp. 480-504, p. 481;
[58] Kathleen Knight, 'In Their Own Words: Citizens' Explanations of Inequality Between the Races', in Jon Hurwitz and Mark Peffley (eds.), Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 202-232, pp. 210-213.
[59] Knight, 'In Their Own Words', p. 221.
[60] Knight, 'In Their Own Words', p. 228.
[61] O'Brien and Major, 'Group Status and Feelings of Personal Entitlement', p. 432.
[62] Carolyn L. Hafer and Becky L. Choma, 'Belief in a Just World, Perceived Fairness, and Justification of the Status Quo', in Jost, Kay, and Thorisdottir, Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification, pp. 107-119, p. 109.


text:
An Arnold woman who could go to jail for keeping her daughter out of school for two years was given a temporary reprieve yesterday by an District Court judge in Annapolis.
Judge James W. Dryden said he would delay deciding on the charge against Cheryl A. Battles until prosecution and defense lawyers have a chance to file written memos in support of their arguments.
Dryden said at the close of the state's case that prosecutors may not have proven that Battles failed to provide her 7-year-old daughter with "regular, thorough instruction" as required by state law. He gave Assistant State's Attorney Andrew Jezica 10 days to submit written arguments and David Gordon, Battles' lawyer, 10 days after that to respond.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Montana State Bobcats take on Pilots in NCAA basketball test
|Montana State Bobcats
|Portland Pilots
|December 15, 2013, 05:00 | Earle A. Chiles Center
Montana State pays a visit to Portland on Sunday, hoping to send the Pilots to a loss while covering the college basketball spread at Earle A. Chiles Center.
This season, the Pilots are 6-3 overall and 8-1 ATS, while the Bobcats are 3-5 and 3-4 ATS. As for the totals, Portland boasts a 6-3 on the OU, and Montana State is 3-2.
View Montana State Bobcats vs Portland Pilots Odds and Stats.
If you were backing the visitors in this one, the Bobcats were listed as 14.5-point underdogs earlier in the day at Bovada.
The Power Rankings at Odds Shark show No. 216-rated Montana State taking on the No. 76-rated Pilots in this contest.
Montana State won its last outing, a 109-54 result against Walla Walla on December 7. Montana State cruised to victory on Saturday, running Walla Walla out of the gym and running up a 109-54 score at Worthington Arena.
Portland won its last outing, a 92-76 result against Portland State on December 7. They covered in that game as a 3.5-point favorite. The Pilots got 23 points from Kevin Bailey as Portland ran past Portland State 92-76 on Saturday at Peter W Stott Center.
How They Match Up:
In the paint, the rebound battle will feature Portland's No. 43-rated squad against Montana State's No. 230-rated roster. And in long-range shooting, Portland rates No. 183 in the country with 5.33 per game, while their foes tonight rank No. 94 nationally with 6.88 per match.
Next up:
Montana State home to Southwestern Christian, Thursday, December 19th
Portland at Bradley, Friday, December 20th


text:
18 Ilia Poulopoulou, Athens, Greece
Metro Thission apartment is located around 1100 meters away from Church of Panagia Gorgoepikoos and 1250 meters from Acropolis Museum.
The property is about 5 minutes' walk from To Steki Tou Ilia serving Greek dishes.
A 10-minute walk takes guests to Keramikos underground station.
Enter your starting point (at least street address and city) to receive driving directions to the hotel.
Please, select dates to see available rooms.
Searching rooms…
Searching hotels…
18 Ilia Poulopoulou, Athens, Greece


text:
What's Wrong With Zen?
Home Consciousness What's Wrong With Zen?
"Every age has its massive collection of heavily loaded apple carts, and the job of Zen is to overturn them. When up is down, and insanity is called normal, that's where you begin."
by Jon Rappaport
Nothing is wrong with Zen, except the p…


text: Some of what you have heard about George Washington, president Numero Uno, isn't true. Like, he never said, "I cannot tell a lie; I cut down the cherry tree." That was just a tall tale. Isn't that the pits! And he didn't own a pair of wooden teeth. But he did own teeth made out of hippo ivory, lead and the teeth of humans, sheep and cows.


text:
We ran an exhibit last weekend at the Arts and Crafts Festival at the Arboretum. The observation hive, above, was the huge hit and crowd pleaser. Folks of all ages peered through the glass trying to find the queen bee.
The lattice poster display was awesome but dangerous. When the wind picked up later in the afternoon on Saturday, it turned into a human scale fly-swatter. No one was squished, but we had a close call.
I'm also a fan of fake beekeeper man. Except when you have to move him. He is a heavy dude. He's next to the Buncombe County Bee Club's small honey extractor.
It was fun to run the booth. There were lots of questions, again from folks of all ages. I think we converted another couple innocent people into future beekeepers.


text:
Software development is a technique of making suitable software to achieve the basic petition of companies. We provide excellent business solutions to our clients which meets the requirement of their business. Our solutions help our clients to organize business and technology strategies cost effectively without compromising quality.
www.ewebplan.com has become as true specialized software Development Company after the successful completion of numerous client projects.
Our Software Development Services Are-
Developing custom applications
E-Commerce Solutions Development
Offshore Outsourcing Services
Custom Applications Development
Application Integration
Payroll Software
CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
Supply Chain Management
We offer world class interactive website with 100% responsive design services to our..
Wed development is a method of creating website for hosting using internet. A good..
We are an experienced mobile app development company offering expert mobile..
In this digital world, online marketing plays a very important role in enhancing the career..
Software development is a technique of making suitable software to achieve the basic..
Content writing means creating written material for a website which helps in keeping..
© 2016 EWEBPLAN. All rights reserved | Design by Ewebplan.com


text:
Custom Search
This travel guide was prepared by:
international trading company
136 West Main Street | Welland Ontario Canada L3C 5A2
Phone. 905-788-3577
I have severe hearing problems - please contact me by e-mail
The Siege of Fort Erie
After the bloody battle - join the "Lantern Tour"
Event, Tourism Ontario, Travel guide
Immediately after the battle a "Lantern Tour" through Old Fort Erie was offered. Please don't miss that. Our pictures were taken a few years ago, so many detail may have been changed.
I believe that the events related to the "Siege of Fort Erie" are great attraction for visitors from all over the world. With my German and my English web site I want to thank again all the volunteers and the organizers and I hope that they will keep up the excellent work.
Unfortunately another attractive event in Fort Erie died because of financial restrictions. It was called the "Loch Sloy - Highland Festival".
During most events of this kind I met visitors from Europe and Asia who found out about them by fortune - not by proper advertising! I recommend that you should stay at least one night in Fort Erie, because there will be another battle the next day.
An injured American is still waiting for medical treatment
An emergency surgery
Ready to defend the fort against another attack
A meeting
A blacksmith still at work
The little visitor still hesitates to try the strange food
The siege of Fort Erie, many thanks to all the participants and the organizers, tourism, travel guide
Fort Erie, impression, tourism, travel guide
Some impressions from Lake Erie, tourism, travel guide
Advertise in our Internet travel guides! Excellent for all business involved in tourism!
Ontario, Werben Sie bei uns, Advertise in our Internet travel guides
Once upon a time Fort Erie was host to many exciting events such as "Edinburgh 1745", the battle of the Jakobites against the English.
Battle of Cook's Mills, re-enactment 2014 in Welland, tourism, travel guide
Between the Lines, Weingut, a small winery in Niagara-on-the-Lake, tourism, travel guide
Web design company in Welland, Ontario, Canada
The Niagara Region, Ontario, impressions, tourism, travel guise


text:
More problems with the ObamaCare website.
Here we go again, will this website ever be corrected enough to where it is safe and the American people can use it? Better yet, isn't it time the American people begin to to consider an alternative option as ObamaCare has proven to be more damaging to the economy and to gaining any chance at employment.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO (08/14/2000) - IBM Corp. Tuesday will take the wraps off its first prepackaged Linux cluster offering, a set of hardware and software that will be aimed at businesses running technical and scientific applications, as well as fast-growing dot-coms in need of a scalable Web server.
The IBM Solution Series for Linux Clusters is built around IBM's Netfinity servers and will support versions of Linux from Caldera Systems Inc., Red Hat Inc., SuSE Linux AG and Turbo Linux Inc., IBM said. The package also includes software from IBM and other vendors, and a services component from IBM Global Services to help customers get up and running with the technology.
Typical customers will be "fairly aggressive implementers of technology who are willing to step out into new computing arenas," said Dave Turek, vice president in IBM's Deep Computing division. "We'd expect this is not a novice user, but someone with some experience with Linux, Microsoft and Intel-based servers."
Because Linux is still new as a clustering platform, Big Blue doesn't expect the open-source operating system to account for a measurable chunk out of its sales from day one. For that reason, the company isn't too concerned about Linux cluster solutions cannibalizing sales of its higher-end RS/6000 servers, Turek said.
However, interest in Linux at the corporate level is growing faster than many people realize, and it's hard to predict how demand for the platform will shape up, Turek said.
"Our customers, much like we are, are putting their toes in the water in the Linux world. This is a situation of lead, follow or get out of the way. I'm somewhere between lead and follow," Turek said. "We don't all understand at this point what the full ramifications (of Linux) are."
The IBM Linux clusters are available immediately in the U.S. in configurations of 8, 16, 32 and 64 nodes, and pricing starts at US$115,000. That pricepoint gives Linux clusters a cost advantage over other platforms, Turek said, although whether or not Linux offers a performance advantage depends on what types of applications users are running.
As well as a collection of rack-optimized Intel-based Netfinity servers, the IBM Solution Series for Linux Clusters includes Myricom Inc.'s Myrinet cluster interconnections, Extreme Networks Inc.'s Ethernet switches, Equinox Systems Inc.'s terminal servers, and supporting software applications. The clustering offering also includes consulting services from IBM Global Services and leasing options from IBM Global Financing.
IBM has already installed a handful of large-scale Linux clusters this year, including the 256-node Netfinity server LosLobos system at the University of New Mexico.
Software used to build Linux clusters is also available from a host of ISVs (independent software vendors), including Mission Critical Linux Inc., Linux NetworX Inc. and Veritas Software Corp.
IBM, based in Armonk, New York, can be reached at +1-914-765-1900 or at http://www.ibm.com/.


text:
Like cooking and making families smile? This event is for you! Join Columbus Gives Back as we head to Ronald McDonald House of Central Ohio to cook breakfast for the families staying there. We hope you can be a part of this exciting volunteer opportunity.
This is event requires volunteers to bring an item to cook for breakfast! We will be using the Ronald McDonald House kitchen to cook and serve a delicious and nutritious breakfast.
When: Sunday, July 16, 2017 7:15-9:15 AM
Event Leaders: Amanda at firstname.lastname@example.com
Where: Ronald McDonald House of Central Ohio, 711 East Livingston Avenue
Bring: The breakfast item you are assigned! It is important that we have enough food to feed 100 individuals breakfast, so please only sign up if you are able to commit and provide the items you signed up for!
Helpful Info: Here is a helpful video so you will know what to expect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7CMHXBL_jE&feature=youtu.be
Here is an additional helpful link for info http://rmhc-centralohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Meal-Program-Guidelines.pdf
Arrival & Parking Please park in the gated lot on 17th, located next to the Ronald McDonald House. You may need to push the red button at the parking gate if the gate is down. We'll confirm you are here to volunteer and open the parking gate. Once inside you'll be asked to sign in at the front desk and shown to the kitchen.
Special Notes: While you are in the House remember that the families are under a great deal of stress. Please keep noise to a reasonable level and keep in mind that you are entering a 'home'. Anyone who has a fever, cold, or other virus that may be contagious should stay at home for the safety of the families.
Please feel free to park in the circle drive to unload your ingredients. We have hotel carts in our vestibule that you may use to do so. Your group will then park in our gated lot on the corner of 17th and E Livingston. Please drive up to the gate and press the red button. A volunteer will answer, say that you're the meal group and they'll open the gate for you! We aim at touring all of our volunteer groups. After we announce that you're serving your meal you'll notice there will probably be an initial burst of 20-30 minutes of families coming through the serving line. Then things will slow a bit and families will trickle in. That is typically a great time to go on a tour. Your whole group is welcome to go at the same time. Once we're back from the tour it would be helpful to either replenish the steam table if needed or begin cleaning up/storing leftovers.
Please wear the gloves provided to you when you check in on the Ipad at our front desk. Please tie hair up or back while prepping, cooking and serving the meal. During the meal you are welcome to interact with families – a great question to ask are "How are you doing today?". Please refrain from speaking about politics, religion or giving medical advice unless a family specifically brings these items up to you in conversation. Family are always appreciative of a simple "I hope your child is doing as well as can be expected".
Cancellation Policy: Due to the nature of our events, an accurate headcount is important. Please contact one of the event coordinators if you have RSVP'ed but are unable to attend this event.


text:
REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, MANADO -- The Indonesian province of North Sulawesi has enjoyed a high demand for its coconut flour in the Italian market, Head of the province's Industry and Commerce Department Jenny Karouw stated here on Monday. "In February, the export volume of North Sulawesi's coconut flour stands at 25 tons and contributes US$53,750 to the province's export revenue," she noted.
North Sulawesi's coconut flour products exported to Italy are of high quality, she remarked, adding that in the past, the country had only sought nutmeg products, such as nutmeg and nutmeg flowers.
Local exporters should be able to identify any opportunity to expand their targeted markets in a bid to earn more foreign exchange, but they also need to maintain the quality of their export commodities, as international buyers remain cautious about it, she explained.
Coconut flour is a product obtained from coconuts and is processed in a way to become the main ingredient for making cakes, breads, and other items.
"Importers choose North Sulawesi's coconut flour due to its good quality. Hence, the quality needs to be maintained or enhanced," she emphasized.
In order to expand the province's export markets, the North Sulawesi governor has also urged local exporters to eye potential markets, such as the Unites States and countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Karouw stated.
She noted that the governor expects export commodities to not only be limited to coconut products but also to coconut flour and its processed products to gain greater added value.
Besides Italy, North Sulawesi's coconut flour is also exported to Germany, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Egypt, Slovenia, Brazil, Australia, Belgium, Uruguay, the United States, and Korea.
It is also exported to Austria, South Africa, Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates, Lithuania, Argentina, Angola, Hungary, Norway, Kazakhstan, Poland, Georgia, Portugal, Latvia, and Greece.


text:
Compare & Book flights from Chetumal to Slave Lake online. Find all Chetumal Slave Lake promo tickets from all major airlines.
Time zone in Chetumal is : GMT-06:00
Time zone in Slave Lake is : GMT-07:00
Popular Airlines:
Payment : ATM | SMS | Online banking | Cash | Credit card
Member of:
Follow Us
Support & Help
Don't miss our exclusive offers
copyright ® 2018 nusatrip. all rights reserved.


text:
Home Invasion in Best LookNow you can get Home Invasion in high quality with duration 120 Min and was released on 2014-12-30 and MPAA rating is 1.
- Original Title : Home Invasion
- Movie title in your country : Home Invasion
- Year of movie : 2014
- Genres of movie : Horror,
- Status of movie : In Production
- Release date of movie : 2014-12-30
- Companies of movie : Voltage Pictures, Zinc Entertainment Inc.,
- Countries of movie : United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 120 Min
- Average vote of movie : 5
- Youtube ID of movie :
- Translation of movie : EN,
- Actors of movie :
- Chandler Riggs ( Son )
- Natalie Martinez ( Jamie's Stepmother )
- Bella Thorne ( Jamie )
- Matthew Willig ( Terror )
- Ioan Gruffudd ( )
- Jared Abrahamson ( Josh )
Movie synopsis of Home Invasion :
Enjoying Home Invasion in High Quality Video with movie summary "A family become imprisoned in their own home by intruders who play a life-and-death game in which the mysterious rules become clear as the night unfolds." in best quality. Home Invasion in HD Format by push of the button above.
See with title Home Invasion in high quality. See with title Home Invasion free an fun at here. These days, you are able to see that hundreds thousands of people trying to find free Home Invasion watching it on the sweat house with net connection. Be happy, you can reach tons of satisfied members that became sick and tired of waiting with regard to dvds from the mail, and it's simple to see totally free Home Invasion. You may get new online movie, and get it free of charge in each of our site. It truly is fast, easy, free and furthermore to look at. Play now Home Invasion on the web movie without having downloading. You can enjoy video in HD quality in 120 Min length. Enjoy trailer movie and also movie of Home Invasion click on the button below to view these video.
... Best Home Invasion in HD Format 720p ...
Director : Sean Carter, Producer : Nicolas Chartier,
Sure, now you can view regarding Home Invasion fully length and get the connection to this motion picture Home Invasion in high definition format.


text:
- HubPages»
- Arts and Design»
- Crafts & Handiwork
{Cosplay} Crochet Aang Hat
With this Crochet Aang Hat Now You can SAVE the WORLD
Free cosplay crochet hat for the Last Airbender Series. This Halloween crochet aang hat will make it easy for you to Dress up as Aang and Save the World.
You could shave your head and paint Aang's tattoo on or you can just get your crochet tools out and make this quick crochet version.
This pattern was made for my 9yo and he is light skin so I chose Vanna's Choice Yarn Linen. You should choose a color that matches your skin tone.
Cosplay Costumes: Aang - Katara and even Toph
Aang Halloween Costume
So you want to dress like the Last Airbender?
Below you will find a Crochet aang hat for your Aang Halloween Costume this year. If you can't crochet hire someone on either Etsy.com or Artfire.com to make one for you. You could also enlist Grandma or Auntie or Uncle [if he knows how to crochet] to make the hat for you.
If you are daring and don't mind shaving your head you can forgo the hat and just shave your head and paint the arrow on your head.
The nice thing about the Crochet Aang hat though is it is nice and warm plus it is temporary so after you pretend you are Aang for Halloween, you can just donate the hat or store if for future use.
Which Last Airbender Costume is the Best? - Vote for Your Favorite Below
To vote, just click the arrow up or down. Don't see your favorite? Add it to the list.
Crochet Pattern: Aang Hat
This will fit a child (9+ to a Teen)
Crochet hook I and J; Vanna's Choice Linen, Blue
Stitches used:
- chain[ch]
- slip stitch[sl st]
- half-double crochet[hdc]
- single crochet[sc]
- decrease single crochet[dec]
- increase single crochet[inc]
*Repeat inside {}brackets
Learn the Basic Crochet Stitches.
Making the Hat:
Start with J hook and Linen Yarn. [tip, if your skin tone is darker, use a darker yarn]
Chain3 [counts as first hdc]
Round 1: 11hdc in second chain from hook, sl st to top of ch3 [12hdc]
Round 2: ch2 [does not count as first hdc throughout], 2hdc in each stitch around, sl st to first hdc made [24hdc]
Round 3: ch2, {2hdc in first stitch, 1hdc in next stitch}*Repeat this around, slip stitch to first hdc made [36hdc]
Round 4: ch2, {1hdc in first 2 stitches, 2hdc in next stitch}*Repeat this around, sl st to first hdc made [48hdc]
Round 5: ch2, {2hdc in first stitch, 1hdc in next 3 stitches}*Repeat this around, sl st to first hdc made [60hdc]
Round 6 - 14: ch2, 1hdc in each stitch around, sl st in first hdc made [60hdc] *Repeat this row 9 more times
Do Not ch2, sl st in each stitch around. end off.
Making the Arrow:
Using the I hook and blue yarn
Row1: ch2, 2sc in second ch from hook, ch1 turn
Row 2: 2sc in each st across, ch1 turn [4sc]
Row 3: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [4sc]
Row 4: 2sc in first st[inc], 1 sc in next 2 stitches, 2sc in last stitch[inc], ch1 turn [6sc]
Row 5: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [6sc]
Row 6: Inc in first st, 1 sc in next 4 stitches, inc in last stitch, ch1 turn [8sc]
Row 7: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [8sc]
Row 8: Inc in first st, 1sc in next 6 stitches, inc in last stitch, ch1 turn [10sc]
Row 9: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [10sc]
Row 10: Inc in first st, 1 sc in next 8 stitches, inc in last stitch, ch1 turn [12sc]
Row 11: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [12sc]
Row 12: Inc in first st, 1 sc in next 10 stitches, inc in last stitch, ch1 turn [14sc]
Row 13: 1sc in each st across, ch1 turn [14sc]
Row 14: sl st in the first 4 stitches, 1 sc in next 6 stitches [leave last stitches unworked] ch1 turn
Row 15 - 59: 1 sc in the next 6 stitches, ch1 turn *Repeat this row for a total of 44 rows OR until arrow can reach the back of your hat.
end off.
Assembling the Hat:
With blue yarn and a tapestry needle, sew the arrow to the hat. (you might use safety pins to hold it in place while you are sewing so it doesn't slip)
Now, Put on your hat and SAVE THE WORLD!
Permissions and Copyright
Permission is granted to sell the finished product. Do not sell the pattern or translate in another language for the purpose of selling. ©2013 Momwithahoook-SaraDuggan
Find more free crochet patterns at http://momwithahook.blogspot.com
Dark Skin Tone Yarn - Chocolate Vanna's Choice Yarn
Vanna's choice yarn is my yarn of choice because it's washable (acrylic) and still a bit softer than most acrylics out there. For those with darker tones you might also try Toffee, or Chocolate.
Not up for a Hat? - How about an Aang Mohawk
Alternatives to Frightful Halloween Movies - Have an Avatar Movie Night
Our family doesn't celebrate Halloween but we do like dressing up and having a party with friends. I hate scary movies and really don't like to encourage them for my children. As my son is going to be Aang this year we will probably do an Avatar Book 3 Marathon Night.
Here are some More Avatar the last Air Bender Picks.


text:
dentist bridges and cosmetic braces are offered by cosmetic dentists and hygienists in SS7 for dental patients looking for general teeth, gums and/or bite dentistry including kids braces.
We provide recommended local dentist services combined with a extensive cosmetic knowledge about correct dental procedures. Our practice is a family run surgery. Drs' Doshi have accumulated a wealth of experience in interdisciplinary multifaceted dentistry. Book Online.
Have a problem with your posterior or anterior teeth in SS7? Our customers are offered a choice of dental solutions in SS7 including:
Perfect Smile Studio also offers dental bridge dental procedures which are both budget-priced and super fast to people all across the south-east of the UK.
Our cosmetic dental treatments in Essex are considered among the finest techniques offered by some of the best dentists near Layer Marney. The practitioners are always up to date with the latest knowledge in dentistry. We have many testimonials to show how experienced our staff are and how pleased and happy our private customers are. We are also CQC, BACD and BILD registered.
With age our teeth discolour and chip on top of a host of other damages such as broken and missing teeth. While these often do not affect your hygiene they can have an impact on your self-esteem. Our subtle but effective veneer dental services offer a revitalising improvement to your smile without you having to travel far from SS7.
Our veneer services can transform stained, crooked damaged or badly worn teeth into a beautiful smile. Call us on 020 3355 8505 to discuss oral medicine and your needs or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
5 out of 5 starsPublished 27 October 2017
Amazing results from the talented team. Could not be happier with the outcome of my smile. I never knew my teeth could look so good.
Thank you to everyone there for an all round incredible service. Read More.
5 out of 5 starsPublished 25 October 2017
I would like to say a big thank you to everyone at The Perfect Smile in Hertford. Dr Doshi and his team are extremely professional and put you at ease from your very first appointment, with particular thanks to Sophie, who has been very patient and kind and explains the whole process throughout. I'm looking forward to the end results in a couple of weeks time, but can also be assured that the team at the PS will be looking after my teeth for years to come. Read More.
With 8 locations, our practices are conveniently located for Bedfordshire, Berkshire , Buckinghamshire , Essex, Cambridgeshire and London


text:
Initially, we had planned to create a grasshopper definition that required a rhino surface-reference in order to create geodesic planks. Now, after having to adjust the input surface over and over, we decided to generate the surface through grasshopper. In this method the base surface can be completely changed through a series of number-sliders.
Below is the grasshopper definition with some explanatory notes. There are still some things we need to work out. Most importantly: the generated surface needs to be baked + rebuilt in rhino before moving to 'geodesic' phase. This starts to defeat the purpose of generating the base surface in grasshopper. Does anyone know how to rebuild a surface in grasshopper??? Perhaps parameterize in some way?
Here is an example of a surface of planks generated by this definition.


text:
I step in front of our room door to use the toilet. A half step, still on socks. Ihhh. Back, shoes on. Someone fludded the toilet and the carpet in front of outdoor is the carpet in front of the bathroom. It's soacked with water. Well the system isn't very modern but it's not rocket science as well. For a quick moment the question comes up, how many boats might have actually get in struggle due to the sea entering through the toilet?… I still dream of fludded toilets during the night or even on land I have the urge to double check the toilet after I caused a flud myself in the beginning in Ireland.
Didn't the forecast say something about sun? It's still just gray in gray.
The dinner I made is tidied up and I don't want to go any risk in standing in the kitchen to heat some up. But am more than thankful when Fredrik asks me if I'd like some.
I am on shift with Steffen, he will get some later while I am steering. We are motoring with 4kn northwards.
He said he saw a buoy the other shift. We are still hoping for some interesting things to see.
We find some white thing in the water. It wasn't a medium sized polar bear. Maybe one of the balloons the weather station use for measurements… Who knows.
Our compass starts to show a wired behavior. Within 15min I had it spinning through 3times. At first time I really thought I am loosing it, can't steer straight in calm waters. Second time I thought maybe the iPad is to close and the magnetic fields are interfering. The third time I told Steffen and he said he can't feel the boat turning as well and the it was gone. Back on course 35Degrees. Wired.
In my steering break I clean the dishes we've used. All good. Until Katarina started to heat up butter in a pan next to me. Luckily I was done in the kitchen anyways. Being outside the fresh air did magic. But not long later Manu was running outside saying she can't smell that shit, what ever it might be. Just butter, garlic, chilli and some leech. We are sharing the room that is closes to the kitchen (and the bathroom). Outside all is good for her again and she reports the story of her doing the dishes last night. She made it till the last cup and then felt so sick that she'd been using the bathroom a bit longer. She can lough again The smell also called Riley up, asking for food. It's said that he was up during the shifts, ate 3 portions of the dinner I made and disappeared in his room again. He always seems to have a good appetite. And still, he is loosing weight. But he is too late this time, he has to go with Wasa and Kaviarcreme.
The sun tries to fight through the clouds and on the horizon we can the it shimmering on the water. I even think I saw a minor part of blue sky. But it's gone again. The world is gray again.


text:
Vanderbilt adds Future Series vs. Georgia State & PurdueKevin Kelley - February 18, 2016
The Vanderbilt Commodores have added future football series against the Georgia State Panthers and the Purdue Boilermakers.
Texas A&M adds Abilene Christian to 2020 football scheduleKevin Kelley - February 18, 2016
The Texas A&M Aggies have added the Abilene Christian Wildcats to their 2020 football schedule.
Baylor, Ole Miss agree to 2020 game in HoustonKevin Kelley - February 17, 2016
The Baylor Bears and the Ole Miss Rebels have verbally agreed to a 2020 football game in Houston, per multiple reports.
Alabama to Host Arkansas State in 2018Kevin Kelley - February 17, 2016
The Alabama Crimson Tide will host the Arkansas State Red Wolves in 2018, the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette has reported.
LSU adds Idaho to 2020 Football ScheduleKevin Kelley - February 1, 2016
The LSU Tigers have added the Idaho Vandals to their 2020 football schedule, FBSchedules.com has learned.
Mercer to play at Alabama in 2017 and 2021Kevin Kelley - January 28, 2016
The Mercer Bears will play at the Alabama Crimson Tide in 2017 and 2021, the school announced on Thursday.
Vanderbilt and Georgia State schedule games vs. Tennessee StateBrian Wilmer - January 12, 2016
Vanderbilt will face off with local FCS opponent Tennessee State in 2016 and 2018, while Georgia State will welcome the Tigers to Atlanta in 2017.
Alabama Crimson Tide win 2016 CFB National ChampionshipBrian Wilmer - January 12, 2016
Alabama won a hard-fought College Football Playoff National Championship Game, defeating Clemson 45-40 Monday night at University of Phoenix Stadium.
LSU Tigers complete 2018 non-conference football scheduleKevin Kelley - January 7, 2016
The LSU Tigers have completed their 2018 non-conference football schedule with the addition of three opponents, the school announced today.
2016 National Championship Game – Alabama vs. ClemsonKevin Kelley - January 1, 2016
The 2016 College Football National Championship features the Alabama Crimson Tide against the Clemson Tigers.


text:
Fund-raisers, endorsement part of summer campaign
Kenton Co. Dems' picnic this Saturday
The Kenton County Democratic Club will hold its annual summer picnic Saturday 1 to 7 p.m. at Banklick Woods Park in Independence
Cost is $20 a person, $15 for members of the Young Dems, $120 to sponsor a table of eight. For more information, call (859) 292-8883 or (859) 750-8833.
Covington firefighters back Patrick Hughes
Kenton County Democratic judge-executive candidate Patrick Hughes has been endorsed by the Covington Firefighters Local 38 labor union.
We think Patrick Hughes will make an excellent judge-executive, Capt. Buddy Wheatley, secretary/treasurer of the Local 38, said in a statement.
Mr. Hughes, a Fort Wright lawyer, is challenging incumbent Kenton County Judge-executive Dick Murgatroyd, a Villa Hills Republican, in the November election.
Hoffman fund-raiser planned for riverboat
Kenton County Magistrate Steve Hoffman will hold a campaign fund-raiser Aug. 5 from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. on a B&B Riverboat at the foot of Madison Avenue in Covington. The suggested contribution is $50.
For more information, call (859) 292-8883.
Submit an item for political notes by e-mail, email@example.com; or fax (859) 578-5565; or mail, Kentucky Enquirer, 226 Grandview Drive, Fort Mitchell, KY., 41017.
Copyright © 2012 news.cincinnati.com. All rights reserved.
Users of this site agree to the Terms of Service, Privacy Notice/Your California Privacy Rights, and Ad Choices


text:
Maraella Winery & Vineyards
Maraella Estate Farm Vineyards & Winery are located in the picturesque foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Established in 2005 by the Lee Family. Maraella Estate Farm Vineyard & Winery is the realization of a dream of a family wine business. Maraella promises the embracement of the principle to make fine wines. Wines of distinction that represent the finest varietals. M-Th 11-6, F-Sa 11-7 Free Wine TastingBack to Retail
Map / Address
- 5296 Old Us Hwy 278 E
Hokes Bluff, AL 35903
- (256) 494-1000
- Website
- Get Directions


text:
This site is entirely user-supported. See how you can help.
Street View is the best available vantage point looking, if possible, towards the location of the building. In some locations, Street View may not give a view of the actual building, or may not be available at all. Where it is not available, the satellite view is shown instead.
Latitude: 51.0073 / 51°0'26"N
Longitude: -2.197 / 2°11'49"W
OS Eastings: 386274
OS Northings: 123125
OS Grid: ST862231
Mapcode National: GBR 1XH.PD1
Mapcode Global: FRA 668G.5X5
Entry Name: 14, Parsons Pool
Listing Date: 15 October 1973
Grade: II
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1108727
English Heritage Legacy ID: 102101
Location: Shaftesbury, North Dorset, Dorset, SP7
County: Dorset
District: North Dorset
Civil Parish: Shaftesbury
Built-Up Area: Shaftesbury
Traditional County: Dorset
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Dorset
Church of England Parish: Shaftesbury St Peter
Church of England Diocese: Salisbury
(West Side)
No 14
Late C17 to early C18. 2 storeys and attic. Red tiled hipped roof; hipped
dormers. Stone rubble front with upper floor tile hung at south end.
East front has dormer with leaded casement. 1 window on 1st floor: tall
casement in 2 tiers with original leaded panes and catches; wooden lintel.
Wooden boarded door in frame immediately below this; 3 modern casements
on ground floor. South front is tile-hung above: 2 window bays. C19 sash
windows without glazing bars.
Listing NGR: ST8627123127
This text is from the original listing, and may not necessarily reflect the current setting of the building.
Other nearby listed buildings


text:
Every summer, yard sale signs sprout like flowers in suburban yards. There's something appealing about the idea of gaining some space and some money by selling your unwanted stuff to people.
The reality is that yard sales take a lot of work and generally don't yield great profits.
I recently worked with a client who was setting things aside for a yard sale. When I asked about her plans, she said that she was participating in a community yard sale at a friend's house and that she had a charity pickup scheduled for the day after.
Participating in a neighborhood-wide event saves you the trouble (and expense) of advertising, and brings the potential of more customers than a single-family yard sale.
My sister put out a table during her community's yard sale a few weeks ago, and made about $30. Considering the time it took to gather and price items, in addition to the hours spent at the table, the payoff was minimal.
If you enjoy meeting with your neighbors and haggling over prices, then you can count it as a fun way to make a few bucks. If, however, the thought of all the effort it takes to put together a yard sale overwhelms you, call a charity and make an appointment for a pickup.
Marcie Lovett, Organized by Marcie™
Find more organizing and productivity tips on twitter, facebook and pinterest


text:
don't go breaking my heart
Before he died, ODB stepped into the studio and recorded a cover of the Elton John/Kiki Dee duet "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" with Macy Gray. You probably wouldn't be surprised to hear that he sounds crazy as shit and totally fucking wasted. Excellent stuff. A must download.
Posted by Brendan


text:
Columbus is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Kogonada. The film stars John Cho, Haley Lu Richardson, Parker Posey, Rory Culkin, Michelle Forbes and Jim Dougherty. The film premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was released in the United States on August 4, 2017, by the Sundance Institute. Providing the soundtrack to the film as a whole is Nashville ambient/post-rock duo Hammock, whose spare, sweeping score floats in and out of the incidental sound.
Hammock returns with Everything and Nothing, the Nashville duos first full-length album since 2013s critically-acclaimed Oblivion Hymns. With Everything and Nothing, Hammock has entered oblivion a place of personal struggle, doubt, and change and come out the other side; hopeful. The experience is meticulously woven into each song, shared with listeners through intricate melodies, compelling beats, and solemn vocals. In some ways, Everything and Nothing is the spiritual successor to the bands 2006 breakout album Raising Your Voice… Trying to Stop an Echo. It recalls the same mastery of sound and storytelling, destined to spark every listeners imagination.


text:
how do i make a halo helmet at a low price? Answered
i need it to be a low price cause i dont have any money
7 Replies
So with regard to your original comment ill you be eating those words?
Merry Christmas!
Download a Pepakura model and start cutting and folding. My son made a beautiful job of one for Halloween.


text:
~Mr. Johnapillar~
Global Moderators
Board Moderators
Support Moderators
~Silent Partner~
Current In-Character Season:
Godai's strongest? Check out the
Top 10 Leaderboard!
Don't forget to
Vote! --> <-- Vote!
Let's make this year a great one guys!
~Pokemon Godai Staff~
{{The Rules/Godai Resources}}
{{Gen I PokeDex}}
{{Gen II PokeDex}}
{{Gen III PokeDex}}
{{Gen IV PokeDex}}
{{Gen V PokeDex}}
{{Gen VI PokeDex}}
{{Gen VII PokeDex}}
{{EXP Table}}
{{Pokemon Master List}}
{{Godai's TM Catalog}}
{{Godai IC Trivia (Special RP Dex)}}
{{Questionable Moves/Abilities/Items}}
{{Error/Problem Report}}
{{Town Map}}
|Twin Blades (A godai cartoon series!)
|Tweet Topic Started: 4 Feb 2018, 06:53 PM (193 Views)
|4 Feb 2018, 06:53 PM Post #1
So, Demi and I were talking, and we have started to plan a series about two rivals in the form of a saturday morning cartoon.
We are taking ideas/discussion here.
Gallade hero
Bisharp Hero
Big villain (Has a hydreigon)
Josh Warden • Historian • Total EXP Gained: 87 • Dians: 9472 • Location: Skytouch
CHARACTER's Pokemon
|4 Feb 2018, 07:52 PM Post #2
Cliffnotes from the CBox:
- Villain was changed into the Hydreigon
- Bisharp was a bad guy who was banished from his village of Pawniard and Bisharp.
- Gallade is married to a Gardevoir and has a Ralts for a child.
- Hydreigon wants to release the Spritomb to unleash hell onto the world.
- Gallade leaves to defend his home and family, however needs Bisharps help to defeat the Spiritomb due to type advantage.
Some Bad guys include:
- Evil Froslass whho tries to freeze the duo.
- Krookodile with a gang of Scrafty and Scraggy.
- Exploud causing carnage in a village.
Some helper Pokemon inlude:
- Alolan Nintales who assists them.
- Xatu who guides them.
Thei whole thing is about cutting the opponent down with Cut.
Vincent Straum
|11 Feb 2018, 05:56 PM Post #3
Minty and Fresh
Since the joke I made didn't translate nearly as well as I wanted it to over text I'm just nixing it. Nice idea on you guys' part though. Maybe add the damsel liar revealed plot in there too.
Edited by SerenadeMintFlavored, 12 Feb 2018, 06:31 AM.
"Cheating? I'm disappointed in you..."
Kilikina "Krile" Lombardi
|11 Feb 2018, 10:22 PM Post #4
There is a topic for suggesting things like this. Part of the point of this one is to play up the cliches.
Also, expect some drafts of episodes within a week or so
Josh Warden • Historian • Total EXP Gained: 87 • Dians: 9472 • Location: Skytouch
CHARACTER's Pokemon
|1 user reading this topic (1 Guest and 0 Anonymous)
|« Previous Topic · Non-Canon RPing · Next Topic »
|Track Topic · E-mail Topic
|4:50 AM Jun 22
Vote for us every day by clicking the banner above!


text:
Finding low cost homeowners insurance quotes for Ellenton, does not have to be difficult. Our website is designed to help consumers like you to compare multiple providers. Enter your Zip Code in the form above and get a quick look at the top-recommended options for your area.
Home Insurance Quotes That Will Give You Excellent RatesVery few people that get Ellenton homeowners insurance actually end up finding the best rates available. They will typically go with what their current insurance provider has for them, usually bundling that in order to get a discount. However, you can find several different Georgia companies that will charge far less than what your existing insurance policy actually offers. In fact, they may even give you more coverage for less money, but you have to obtain home insurance quotes on the web that can lead you to these exceptional deals.
How Do You Get These Quotes?
You can obtain these quotes very quickly by going on the Internet and submitting your information to several businesses through forms that are provided. It may take you a few hours to submit them all, but you will end up with a multitude of different quotes from the companies that they directly work with. Some of them will be major carriers, whereas others may not be companies that you have ever heard of before. You can verify the authenticity of these businesses if you would like to, the more times than not, the business that is allowing you to submit your personal information will have already done that research.
How Much Can You Save?
Long Will It Take To Go Into Effect?
The speed at which the policy will go into effect is usually quite fast. If you are coming up on your next payment with your current insurance provider, it will likely start on the same day so that you do not lose any coverage. Also remember that discounts can also be achieved by paying your premiums annually instead of making monthly payments. These are just a few other things to consider if you are looking for a way to save money on your Ellenton, Georgia homeowner insurance policy.This type of insurance is absolutely essential for people that own homes, and similar insurance is necessary when you have rentals. Just make sure that you are getting the best deal possible, something that can only be determined by getting multiple quotes from different insurance providers. It will actually be very worth your while to spend this extra time, and you are not necessarily betraying the trust of your current insurance provider because you will likely keep all of your other policies. It's just nice to know that you have options, ones that will help you save money on the insurance that protects your home.
More Georgia Cities Nearby:
There are many insurance policy organizations who want to compete for your company. Nevertheless, you must lookup to uncover the ideal 1 that delivers the ideal protection for your situation. You want to defend your house, but it normally takes a whole lot of learning to discover the right prepare. Read this post to make an knowledgeable option.
There are two major factors that you can ensure are completed to assist reduced your insurance policies fees. Very first of all, have a safety program set up. It can lessen your insurance policies rates by many share factors. Nonetheless, bear in mind to speak to your company and give proof of the new installation just before expecting to see a change. In addition, smoke alarms can conserve you on rates. This method can decrease your once-a-year cost up to ten p.c.
homeowner's insurance. If you have an more mature house, you could preserve up to 10 % a calendar year. You may possibly also get a additional price cut by putting in extra alarms all through your home.
You can conserve 1000's of dollars and a long time of payments by making your home loan payment on a bi-weekly foundation, alternatively of monthly. Request your home loan holder about setting you up on this payment plan. Given that there are 52 months in a year, you will stop up generating an additional pair of payments with no breaking the lender or your spending budget.
If you have been thinking about relocating to one more area, this vehicle insurance policy suggestion may just be the icing on the cake. If you are found in an spot with a decrease crime rate, you will obtain favorable protection and will eventually pay out far less for every thirty day period than individuals who reside in higher-criminal offense locations.
To be effectively guarded and to make sure you acquire monies coming to you from a home
Obtain a burglar alarm with central checking to save cash on your home owner's insurance. Most insurance policies organizations will discount your policy price by up to 5 % if you can present evidence of a centrally monitored alarm technique. The cost you shell out for the insurance coverage may possibly extremely properly be offset by the low cost on your insurance policies premiums.
Install a stability system in your home that is monitored by a central monitoring station, and you will save about 5 p.c on your home insurance policy. You will probably have to give evidence to your home insurance coverage business to get the low cost, but that is as simple as sending them a duplicate of your monitoring monthly bill.


text:
It's a good day, or to be more precise yesterday was a good day since that was when Clinton formally conceded. Obama becomes the first African American candidate for President from any major party in the United States. Forty five years ago the direct consequence of slavery, the transformation of slavery into a form of semi-citizenship through segregation was present in the United States. Now, a person who would have been marginalized in the southern United States, who would have been prevented from voting and from meaningful education and participation in public life has been selected as one of the two major contenders for the Presidency.
Obama is not a progressive in the sense that 'Progressive' usually means, but is nonetheless a much more Progressive candidate than most if not all Presidential candidates in the post-war era. This seems to be one of the causes of the cultish attraction that Obama is the focus of.
There seems to be a few reasons why Obama's presidency and candidacy is possible at this point. First is the passage of time from the Civil Rights movement to today. Second is the fact that there isn't any sort of Civil Rights movement going on today. There's little or no organizing on that scale here in the U.S., making a black candidate 'safer' since he's less directly threatening to whites who benefit from racial discrimination. Third cause is the conservative response to 9/11 and the permanent changes that this has caused to the Democratic party. The centrism that was advocated by Bill Clinton is dead. The progressive response is at least in part being acknowledged as the way that things should go in order to effectively counter the Republicans. The grass roots progressives, then, have had an influence over the whole thing.
I doubt that that would have happened if anything less than the authoritarianism after 9/11 and the Iraq War had taken place, which is a testament to the structure of the U.S. political system..
Have to go, will add more later.
Sunday, June 08, 2008
Obama has won
Posted by John Madziarczyk at 12:53 PM
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Liam Payne Rita Ora Free Mp3 Download
For You - Liam Payne amp Rita Ora mp3
192 Kbps, 5.56 MB, 00:04:03PLAY
For You - Rita Ora and Liam Payne mp3
192 Kbps, 3.52 MB, 00:02:34PLAY
Liam Payne amp Rita Ora - For You Mark Jay Remix FREE DL Supported amp Playlisted on Gaydio mp3
192 Kbps, 6.66 MB, 00:04:51PLAY
For your search query Liam Payne Rita Ora MP3 we have found 1000 songs matching your query but showing only top 10/+ results only (Due to API limit restrictions we cannot show you more than 10/+ results). Now we recommend you to Download first result Liam Payne, Rita Ora - For You (Fifty Shades Freed) MP3 which is uploaded in size 5.7 MB, duration 4:09 and bitrate is 192 Kbps.
Please Note:
Before downloading you can preview any song by mouse over the ▶ PLAY button and click Play or Click to DOWNLOAD button to download hd quality mp3 files. Search results from YouTube will be first converted, afterwards the file can be downloaded but search results from other sources can be downloaded right away as an MP3 file without any conversion or forwarding.


text:
I didn't start reading it until the end of my holiday – I had others I wanted to read first. But I did eventually get stuck in and boy, was it heavy going! By page 100 I think I knew everything there is to know about decomposing bodies and dug-up bones! There was so much technical information that it read more like a text book with a sub-plot of a story beneath the surface!
But I ploughed on. After all it was the only book I had left and all the ones in my hotel were all in Greek! Despite everything I began to form an attachment to the novel's characters, and in time I became quite adept at reading between the lines and lines of anthropological information.
With just 50 pages to read I boarded my plane home and resolved to finish them before landing back in London. I did reasonably well, but I suppose the heavy reading, plus the soporific effect of plane travel meant I was drifting in and out of consciousness. But I almost finished it, and when we landed I had just one chapter to go. Frustrating or what!
When I got home I decided to finish the book before I did anything else. I unzipped my flight bag, rummaged around in the dirty underwear and ....no book! I suddenly realised that I had left it in the pocket of the seat on the plane. Bugga!
Anyway, I tried to put it out of mind. I've now got into another book, but for days Bones to Ashes has been niggling away at the back of my mind.
So today I snuck into Waterstones Book Store, found a copy, hid myself away behind some shelves and read the final chapter!
Ps. I saw my friend Rosey in the bookshop. She was in the section for Quiz Books. I asked her what she was looking for and she said she needed a book on French Cuisine!


text:
5 U.S. Code § 9807 - Pay authority for critical positions
§ 9807.
Pay authority for critical positions
(a) In this section, the term "position" means—
a position to which chapter 51 applies, including a position in the Senior Executive Service;
a position under the Executive Schedule under sections 5312 through 5317;
a position established under section 3104; or
a senior-level position to which section 5376(a)(1) applies.
(b) Authority under this section—
(1) may be exercised only with respect to a position that—
is described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A); and
may be exercised only to the extent necessary to recruit or retain an individual exceptionally well qualified for the position; and
may be exercised only in retaining employees of the Administration or in appointing individuals who were not employees of another Federal agency as defined under section 5102(a)(1).
Notwithstanding section 5377, the Administrator may fix the rate of basic pay for a position in the Administration in accordance with this section. The Administrator may not delegate this authority.
The number of positions with pay fixed under this section may not exceed 10 at any time.
The annual rate of basic pay fixed under this section may not exceed the per annum rate of salary payable under section 104 of title 3.
Notwithstanding any provision of section 5307, in the case of an employee who, during any calendar year, is receiving pay at a rate fixed under this section, no allowance, differential, bonus, award, or similar cash payment may be paid to such employee if, or to the extent that, when added to basic pay paid or payable to such employee (for service performed in such calendar year as an employee in the executive branch or as an employee outside the executive branch to whom chapter 51 applies), such payment would cause the total to exceed the per annum rate of salary which, as of the end of such calendar year, is payable under section 104 of title 3.
(Added Pub. L. 108–201, § 3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 467.)
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
The Official Campaign
"20 Centres for 2010" is the name of the Official Campaign of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™. Its aim is to achieve positive social change through football by building twenty Football for Hope Centres for public health, education and football across Africa. The centres will address local social challenges in disadvantaged areas and improve education and health services for young people. 20 Centres for 2010 will promote social development through football long after the final whistle of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, leaving a tangible social legacy for Africa.
USD 10 million is required to create the centres and FIFA is contributing 500 dollars for every goal scored in the FIFA World Cup qualifiers (a minimum investment of over USD 1 million). FIFA aims to raise the remaining amount through targeted alliances and cooperations.
More on http://www.oneheartchannel.com/index.php?page=video&vid=1088&auto=1