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In the midst of all the adventures—moves, work and everything else life brings—we had a very special one. My oldest son began the process of belong called to serve as a full-time missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
It was something I'd anticipated his entire life. You see, the majority of young men in the L.D.S. faith serve missions from the age of 19-21 years old. (You've probably seen them—clean cut young men, wearing white shirts and black name tags, walking or riding their bikes to meet with investigators, volunteering in the community and talking to people about faith, Jesus Christ and the gospel He taught.) When young men are of that age (or shortly before they turn 19) they submit their paperwork to serve a mission and then are called to serve where they are needed.
They don't get to choose where they serve. Missionaries leave behind family, friends, work, sports, schooling and any other interests and dedicate their lives to their missionary service for two years. You don't get to see them other than in the pictures they might send home. (They send letters and emails, they can call home twice each year, but other than that, they are focused on their mission and you don't see them in person until they return home when their mission is completed.) And they pay all expenses associated with their missionary service.
I'd always hoped this son would choose to serve a mission. I'd planned he would serve a mission. I'd raised him to serve a mission. (I'm anticipating it for all of my sons.) But somehow, all too soon, the time is almost here.
He filled out his paperwork, met with the appropriate church leaders, and his papers were submitted to Salt Lake City for assignment. All that was left to do was wait for his mission call to arrive in the mail. (I think our official wait was actually less than 2 weeks by the time everything was submitted. But somehow it seemed longer than that. A lot was unknown, so it made the time seem to pass slowly.) In the meantime, I had no idea how stressed out I would become!
Lets just say this motherhood thing is a whole LOT more than I anticipated when I first became a mother. Those days, I remember sitting on the couch much of the day, holding and enjoying my newborn baby boy all day long, sometimes watching a video while he slept in my arms (I never wanted to put him down I was so thrilled to be a mom!) thinking, "I don't know what all these mothers have been thinking and saying, insisting motherhood is such hard work! I don't know what they think they are talking about!" I seriously thought they had to have exaggerated a little bit! (Ah…youth. And inexperience, huh?)
Waiting for that envelope to arrive.
And I, who rarely remembers that mail is delivered daily much less to pick up said mail from my mailbox, suddenly started checking the mail every day.
"I believe in opening mail once a month, whether it needs it or not." (Bob Considine)


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Breakfast was usual and good. Dorset cereal, blueberries, skim milk.
I then went out to the barn. The sheep shearers are here and it's cool to watch a bit and just hang out. Then, went to the greenhouse, did some weeding and watering.
Dinner was at The Shepherd's parents, his mom offered to cook us all dinner - really nice! We had a great chicken casserole, a beef pot pie, buns, fruit salad and choc chip cookies. Super dinner! Thanks MIL!
Tomorrow - TGIF! Garden show in my city this weekend.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chipotle Shows Ackman's Got Some Work to Do
Bill Ackman seems to have made the world's tiniest dent in Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc.
It has been more than a year since the burrito chain suffered a sales-gutting food-safety crisis -- and a month since the activist investor took a 9.9 percent stake -- but Chipotle finally seems to be at least saying the right things to get back on track.
Chipotle said Tuesday that advertising to address its food crisis head-on has resonated with customers and that it wouldn't rely on discounting to juice sales in the long term. It also said it will slow new store openings, cut operating costs to help profit margins, and shutter a distracting offshoot, its Asian Shophouse concept. 1
The question now is whether Chipotle will follow up its words with actions strong enough to win back customers and convince investors the worst is over, after a 40 percent share decline in the past year.
It's certainly not there yet. Chipotle shares fell 4 percent in after-hours trading Tuesday, after the company reported its tenth straight month of more than 20 percent year-over-year sales declines. Investors shrugged off Chipotle's promises of more share repurchases and estimates of positive sales growth in 2017.
Investors aren't seeing results from Chipotle's efforts to use advertising, giveaways, and menu additions such as chorizo to draw customers. It's also starting to seem less and less likely that Chipotle will entertain a shareholder push to overhaul its entrenched board, not to mention holding accountable executives who were slow to adequately address food-safety issues.
It's only been little more than a month since Ackman got involved, hardly time to make a significant difference. But Tuesday's share declines show investors are hungry for more.
To be sure, Chipotle says the slowdown of new locations is temporary and that it envisions 5,000 Chipotle locations in the U.S. eventually.
To contact the author of this story:
Shelly Banjo in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Gongloff at email@example.com


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low gravity
Comments on 'SpaceX Dragon successfully docks with International Space Station':
Dragon in orbit above sub-Saharan Africa NASA After some issues with its thrusters that occurred in the hours after...
Time in Space May Alter Astronauts' Genes
Spending long periods at low gravity may alter genes, suggests a new experiment involving a magnet-powered trick used on Earth to simulate weightlessness in space....
Time in Space May Alter Astronauts' Genes
Spending long periods at low gravity may alter genes, suggests a new experiment involving a magnet-powered trick used on Earth to simulate weightlessness in space. Subjected to magnetic levitation that generated a gravitational effect similar to that experienced by astronauts orbiting Earth, fruit flies experienced changes in crucial genes....
NASA and IHMC building X1 exoskeleton to give us a lift, keep us fit in space and on Earth
It's hard to deny the appeal of a space-bound robot like NASA's Robonaut 2, fears of subversion notwithstanding. The space agency and Florida's Institute for Human and Machine Cognition know it, and they want to put that technology into an exoskeleton with a nobler purpose than performing chores on...
SpaceX Dragon team opens the hatch, to spend Memorial Day with more cargo hauling than barbecues
SpaceX's Dragon docked with the International Space Station on Friday, but if you think the involved crew is spending the US long weekend experimenting with how well grills prepare burgers in low gravity (hint: not very), you're in for a bit of an awakening. The private space capsule's hatch...
Comments on 'NASA asks Lunar X Prize contestants to keep a safe distance':
NASA may not be planning any more lunar missions, but it is looking to preserve the historic Apollo and...
Comments on 'NASA working on X1 exoskeleton to aid astronauts, paraplegics':
NASA has announced that it's working on the X1, an exoskeleton that will give users improved mobility and strength....
Comments on 'The International Space Station will get its own 3D printer next year':
Few emerging technologies have as much potential to change the future of space exploration as 3D printing. And NASA...
Liftport turns to Kickstarter for space elevator experiment (video)
Space elevators are slowly making the transition from science fiction to science fact... but we're not quite there yet. LiftPort, a group that already holds the record for tallest elevator, is taking a second stab at the technology after going into "hibernation" in 2007. Founder Michael Laine has resurrected...
Here Are Your 2012 YouTube Space Lab Contest Winners
Six teens between the ages of 14 and 18 from the U.S., Spain, Egypt, India, and New Zealand were just rewarded for their stellar science projects with a Zero-G flight above Washington, D.C., courtesy of Space Adventures.They're the regional winners of the YouTube Space Lab contest, a global science fair...
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Short Messages To Celebrate Father's Day!
We all know how much we love our Dads; especially Dads who have recognised that vacuum in our lives reserved just for them and have done so well to fill it all up. Thumps up to you great daddies in the house. You are priceless and we are proud to share this generation and generations to come with you.
To make it a little more special, here are few short-listed messages for the day, to make today a special one for your Dad.
- Wishing my hero the best of life ahead 'Happy Father's Day'
- Thank you for being the greatest Dad 'Happy Father's Day.
- 'Any man can be a Father but it takes someone special to be a dad.
- Wishing my pillar of strength a very Happy Father's Day'
- Wishing the best for the best man in my life. 'Happy Father's Day'
- To the man who has always stood by me 'Happy Father's Day'
- Thank you for always wishing the best for me Dad 'Happy Father's Day'
- God's greatest gift to me is my father 'Happy Father's Day'
- Dear Dad, my love for you has no bounds 'Happy Father's Day'
…and as many more as your mind can think of. Remember, Father's Day is just ones a year. This makes it a great opportunity to want to make special effort to visit your father, take him out, send cards and gifts or lovely messages as has been shown above. It doesn't have to be short messages, feel free to make it as detailed as your heart can wish, after all, it is said, out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks. Bottom line is that a loving father is worthy of appreciation. So seize the moment, make it count and let your Dad realize how much of a loving father he has been.
Peace to y'all!


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Welcome to Lifelong Learning Centre Blog "English for Adults". As a teacher of English as a Foreign Language I have created this blog with the aim of providing my students with most of the materials and activities worked in class.
I think a great idea creating this blog. Mercedes B.G.


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My name is Audrey, I am mom to 4 wonderful children and a wonderful husband! I am owner of Beary Sweet Wrapz. I specialize in personalized products such as candy wrapper & other unique party favors. Last spring we added personalized cartoons & personalized children music CD's., I am an authorized Friendly folks dealer!
I began my business in 2006 while expecting my last child, I was looking for something cute and different for the older kids to give family & friend to tell them about the new baby! Well searching the net,i found personalized candy wrappers and loved them! I have been enjoying my passion to help make people parties,events more personal!


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|Let's talk about
topic list
new topic
authorish list
root: A blast from the past!
parent: Re: Re: A blast from the past!
Re: Re: Re: A blast from the past! by Amelia on 2003-04-05 10:37:42
I have abandoned the V&A and run off to Bath for the day. However, we did take time to formulate the next corollary to Dr. Johnson's epigram: "When a woman is tired of London, she should go sit on a pink velvet chair on the top floor of Harrod's and take tea." Wash, I lived in Rome from 1983-1987, and I agree it is my favorite European city. Of course, I live in New York now, so you may guess my fondness for the urban lifestyle. I do have one other English-Italian cross-cultural question, though: What is the difference between clotted cream and mascarpone? They seem the same to me (both heavenly!).
Reply to this
|Re: Re: Re: Re: A blast from the past! by Wash! on 2003-04-05 13:13:24 | Reply to this
I LOVE Bath! Went for a weekend with my housemates 2 years ago, as i was telling Kid only today on the phone! Stayed in the YMCA, took a guided tour, and got lost in some wooded area in the thick, pourring rain by ASDA supermarket. The next day was really sunny though. To sum it up in 2 words: "Beautifuly Overpriced."
I'll look at the clotted cream and mascarpone for you. All i know is that clotted cream is likely to give you cholesterol related heart problems later in life if you go at it like a bull who regularly frequents the proverbial china shop.
And nice work on the living in Italia! Parli italiano, o hai dimenticato come parlarlo dopo questi 15 anni? Ciao!


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Facts About roof problems Revealed
You should not harm your roof flashing. When Performing near flashing, decelerate and inspect the flashing. If you won't need to swap it, Do not damage it. Gently pry up the perimeters and take away any nails, then established the flashing safely aside.
I even requested the guy to put in a roof vent for my toilet and kitchen area exhaust enthusiast [I procured the roof vents from your home Depot].. Also improved all flashing for vent pipes.
If you have a lot of skylights, chimneys, plumbing pipes or other adornments that should be addressed in the installation
Rust. Rust is an indication of moisture such as rain obtaining by and corroding the metal. This weakens the flashing's' attachment on the roof and results in it to elevate, using any bordering shingles with it.
We selected the contractor with the higher warranty and acknowledged references While his bid was practically a grand greater than the only other penned bid available.
or more effectively, the Code does not have a method of coming up with a box gutter for these steeper grades.
Cracking. Cracking is normally due to anxiety, like higher winds. Whilst the intact parts should still be securely connected into the roof, the crack by itself can Permit water in.
There won't be any special downloads or passwords or login expected. A cookie is placed on your Personal computer which remembers your aspects. This will save the hassell of logging in every time you employ This system.
The easiest way to evaluate your roof should be to climb up and get measurements. You will discover ways to evaluate from the bottom, nevertheless the estimates on these measurements depart a great deal of home for mistake and don't take note of attributes which include dormers and non-standard designs. Should you be unpleasant climbing on to your roof, a contractor would manage to deliver the provider for the rate.
When There may be substantial leaking. When you expertise problems with several or intensive leaks, you might have to have to have your roof changed in lieu of just repairing the leaks.
Can any individual tell me If your roof has become stripped clean, the amount would it not Expense to put in eighty sheets of radiant barrier plywood?
For relieve of calculation, transform the pitch to some decimal, utilizing your Pc if important just to be certain It really is accurate.
Either these residence advisor Charge estimates are extremely out-of-date or they only symbolize a part of The work. Or, every contractor in my area is overcharging bynalot. Would aid if this was far more Obviously defined, mainly because it is meaningless when evaluating to true everyday living Charge estmates for an entire roof install. It had been useful get more info examining the conversations not distinct elements...but nonetheless extra towards the confusion of no matter if those unique costs are addl or A part of the 1st graph.
Eradicating the previous shingles is the hardest Element of The task it doesn't matter should you be a contractor or even a DIYer. The expense of a tear-off varies greatly from place to place, and performing it your self will help you save about $1,000, but with the purposes of basic safety and effort, you may want to employ a professional.


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Contact Us
Browse by:
Method and apparatus for measuring film spectral properties
Method and apparatus for measuring film spectral properties
Patent Drawings:
(9 images)
Forrest, et al.
Date Issued:
December 21, 1999
September 25, 1997
Bulovic; Vladimir
(Metuchen, NJ)
Burrows; Paul E.
(Princeton, NJ)
Forrest; Stephen R.
(Princeton, NJ)
Garbuzov; Dmitri Z.
(Princeton, NJ)
The Trustees of Princeton University
(Princeton, NJ)
Primary Examiner:
Hannaher; Constantine
Assistant Examiner:
Israel; Andrew
Attorney Or Agent:
Kenyon & Kenyon
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
AC. Ribes, et al., "Reflected-light, photoluminescence and OBIC imaging of solar cells using a confocal scanning laserMACROscope/microscope", Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,vol. 44 (1996) 439-450..
C.W. Tang, S.A. VanSlyke, and C.H. Chen, "Electroluminescence of Doped Organic Thin Films", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 65, No. 9, May 1, 1989, pp. 3610..
M.M. Blouke, M.W. Cowens, J.E. Hall, J.A. Weatphal, and A.B. Christensen, "Ultraviolet downconverting phospor for use with silicon CCD imagers", Applied Optics, vol. 19, No. 19, Oct. 1, 1980..
M.P. Leaser, E. Olazewski, "Optimizing Charge-Coupled Devices for Red and Near-Infrared Observations", SPIE vol. 1071, Optical Sensors and Electrode Photography, (1989) pp. 58-65..
G.R. Sims, F. Griffin, and M. Leaser, "Improvements in CCD Quantum Efficiency in the UV and Near-IR," SPIE vol. 1071 Optical Sensors and Electronic Photography (1989) pp. 31-42..
A. Illrach, A. Zastrow and V. Wittwer, "Sol-gel glasses: A new material for solar fluorescent planar concentrations!", Solar Energy Materials, vol. 21 (1990) pp. 151-164..
P.E. Burrows and S.R. Forrest, "Electroluminescence from trap-limited current transport in vacuum deposited organic light emitting devices", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 64 (17) (1993) p. 2285..
A. Ilinach, "Organic fluorescent dyes in organically modified Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --S.sub.1 --O.sub.2 or TI O.sub.2 --SI O.sub.2 coatings with varying polymethylmethacryalte content", Journal of Non/Crystalline Solids, vol. 147 & 148 (1992), pp.478-482..
R. Seedorf, H.J. Eichler, and H. Koch, "Detector for the VUV to the IR using sodium salicylate as a combined fluorescent and reflective coating", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 24, No. 9, May 1, 1985..
G.D. Sharma, S.C. Mathur, P.C. Duke, "Organic photovoltaic solar cells based on some pure and sensitized dyes", Journal of Materials Science, vol. 26, (1991), pp. 6547-6552..
D.Z. Garbuzov, V. Bulovic, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, "Photoluminescence efficiency and absorption of aluminum-tris-quinolate (Alq) thin films", Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 249 (1996), pp. 433-437..
D.Z. Garbuzov, S. R. Forrest, A. G. Tsekoun, P. E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, and M.E. Thompson "Organic films deposited on SI p-n Junctions: Accurate measurements of fluorescence Internal efficiency, and application to luminescent antireflectioncoatings", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 80 No. 8, Oct. 15, 1996..
Film spectral properties are measured by projecting chopped monochromatic light onto a luminescent film sample deposited on a substrate, and coupling through use of immersion oil the reflection of light therefrom to a light detector.
We claim:
1. An apparatus for measuring film spectral properties, comprising:
means for providing monochromatic light;
means for chopping the monochromatic light;
means for focusing the monochromatic light onto a sample, the sample being a substrate with a film to be analyzed on its surface;
coupling the film side of the sample to a first light detector with immersion oil;
means for focusing light emitted by the sample onto a second light detector; and
means for analyzing the signals from the first and second light detectors to provide the desired film spectral properties.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a UV bandpass filter between the monochromatic light and the sample.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a bandpass filter between the sample and the second light detector.
4. An apparatus as in claim 3, wherein the bandpass filter has light transmission between about 250 and 420 nm.
5. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a bandpass filter above the sample.
6. As in claim 5, wherein the bandpass filter has peak transmission at about 370 nm.
7. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the means for providing a monochromatic light comprises a Xenon lamp and a monochromator.
8. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the means for focusing the light onto the sample is a lens.
9. An apparatus as in claim 8, further comprising a mirror.
10. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the substrate is transparent.
11. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of glass and sapphire.
12. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the means for analyzing the signals from the first and second light detectors consists of a current and lock-in amplifier.
13. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said first and second light detectors are selected from the group consisting of silicon solar cells, silicon photodetectors and UV enhanced photodiodes.
14. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising an improved method of measuring the internal quantum efficiency of a luminescent film, comprising the steps of:
using the apparatus to obtain the calibration efficiency of the luminescent film on a transparent substrate;
determining the absolute value of the external quantum efficiency for the luminescent film on a semiconductor substrate from the obtained calibration efficiency on glass; and
dividing the absolute value of the external quantum efficiency for the luminescent film on a semiconductor substrate by (1-R.sub.1) (1+R.sub.2) (n-(n.sup.2 -1).sup.1/2) (2n).sup.-1 to obtain the internal efficiency of the luminescent film,substantially free of measurement losses.
15. The method as in claim 14, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon.
16. An apparatus for measuring film spectral properties including a light source, a monochromator, a chopper, lenses, filters, an optional mirror and at least one light detector, wherein the improvement comprises the combination of the lightdetector coupled by immersion oil to an organic luminescent film sample deposited on a substrate.
17. An apparatus for measuring film spectral properties, said properties selected from the group consisting of internal and external luminescence quantum efficiency, said apparatus comprising
means for providing monochromatic light;
means for chopping the monochromatic light;
means for focusing the monochromatic light onto a sample, the sample being a substrate with a film to be analyzed on its surface;
coupling the film side of the sample to a first light detector with immersion oil;
means for focusing light emitted by the sample onto a second light detector; and
means for analyzing the first and second light detectors to provide the desired film properties.
The field of this invention relates generally to method and apparatus for measuring film properties such as internal and external luminescence quantum efficiency.
Light detectors include solar cells, used to convert light to electrical energy, and photocells and photodiodes used to measure light intensity. Materials for light detectors include semiconductors such as silicon, gallium arsenide, germanium,selenium, and the like. Typically, the light gathering efficiency of these devices is improved by providing them with an Anti-Reflection (AR) coating. If less light is reflected, then more is available for absorption and conversion to an electricalsignal. These coatings can be a single layer thick, in which case they are typically a 1/4 wavelength of light thick, or they may be multilayer coatings for even greater efficiency. Such coatings are typically composed of glassy insulators such asaluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride or magnesium fluoride. Furthermore, high sensitivity in the blue and ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum is difficult to achieve with conventional semiconductor detectors, sincereflectance of semiconductor materials strongly increases in this spectral range. Also, a typical AR-coatings is typically optimized for the green spectral range, becoming less effective in the blue and UV spectral regions.
An object of the invention is to provide high efficiency solar cells and photodiodes for a broad range of wide spectral bandwidth applications.
Another object of the invention is to provide photocells and photodiodes with increased sensitivity, especially in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring film properties such as internal and external luminescence quantum efficiency with an accuracy heretofore unobtained with traditional measurement methods such as theintegrating spheres. This apparatus can be utilized for identifying candidate coatings for use in high efficiency solar cells, and high sensitivity photocells and photodiodes.
These and other objects of the invention are provided by an improved light detector, which consists of a coating of an organic luminescent material, such as Aluminum-Tris-Quinolate (Alq.sub.3, also known as 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum, Alq), orTPD {N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl) 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'diamine}, or Gaq.sub.2 'Cl {bis-(8-hydroxyquinaldine)-chlorogallium, on a light detector, preferably as a substitute for a conventional AR coating. When organic film is substituted for the ARcoating, the film also acts as an AR coating, if it is thick enough, since it does not absorb appreciably in its own luminescent region of the spectrum. If the coating has a 100% internal luminescence efficiency (efficiency of conversion of the absorbedlight into luminescent light), the power efficiency for an amorphous silicon solar cell with such a coating is improved by 11%. Conventional AR coatings can be retained for scratch resistance, at slightly less gain. Alternatively, the organic film canbe intentionally designed as a final layer of a multi-layer AR coating.
Various embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like items are identified by the same reference designation, wherein:
FIG. 1a shows a conventional photocell or solar cell of the prior art, the UV portion of the spectrum being partially reflected by the AR coated device surface.
FIG. 1b shows a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which a photocel or solar cell is coated with an organic luminescent coating for converting UV to green light, and for acting as an AR coating; FIG. 1c shows another embodiment, in which aluminescent organic material is coated over a conventional AR coating.
FIG. 2 shows curves illustrating the comparative performance of a conventional solar cell, and one coated with 100% quantum efficiency (Q.E.) organic material;
FIG. 3 shows curves illustrating the calculated quantum efficiency improvement of 10.9% when comparing a cell coated with 100% QE organic material to a conventional cell;
FIG. 4 shows an apparatus for measuring film spectral and luminescence properties;
FIG. 5 shows curves illustrating the absorption spectra of Alq.sub.3 films obtained from three different film thicknesses, while the inset shows light attenuation vs. film thicknesses at .lambda.=370 nm, the slope giving the absorptioncoefficient;
FIG. 6 curves illustrating the photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra for film thicknesses of 150 .ANG. and 1.35 .mu.m, while the inset is a schematic of a Alq.sub.3 -excited state relaxation process;
FIG. 7 shows a curve illustrating the dependence of the internal luminescence efficiency for the .lambda.=530 nm band vs. film thickness for films grown on glass, the excitation wavelength for these data being 370 nm; and
FIG. 8 shows an end view of a simple apparatus set-up and method for measuring film luminescence properties for another embodiment of the invention.
In FIG. 1a, a photocell 4 is shown with a conventional monolayer AR coating 3 optimized for .lambda.=500 nm. Device with such coatings undesirably reflect away substantial fractions of UV light with .lambda.<400 nm causing reduced currentgeneration in the photocell 4. Note that UV light energy is poorly utilized by photocells made out of conventional semiconductors such as Si (silicon), even if not reflected away. In FIG. 1b, an improved solar cell 4 is provided in one embodiment ofthe invention by replacing the conventional AR coating 3 with an organic AR coating 2, as discussed below. Alq.sub.3 can be such an organic coating. It is known that Alq.sub.3 can be used as the electroluminescent layer of green optical light emittingdiodes (OLEDs), in which case it has an external quantum efficiency of 1-2%. The absolute values of the external and internal quantum efficiencies (.eta..sub.e and .eta..sub.i respectively) of Alq.sub.3 organic thin film photoluminescence have notprevious to this invention been quantified, although C. W. Tang et al., "Electroluminescence of Doped Organic Thin Films", J. APPl. Phys. 65, No.9, p. 3610 (1989), cites an efficiency of 8% from unpublished experimental data. Unexpectedly, the presentinventors discovered that when measured correctly, the internal quantum efficiency is as high as 32%. This efficiency remains constant as a function of excitation wavelength throughout the entire near-UV region (250-400 nm). The inventors' study ofAlq.sub.3 absorption revealed that the absorption coefficient for 250-300 nm light is 10.sup.5 cm.sup.-1 to 4.times.10.sup.5 cm.sup.-1, whereas the absorption coefficient for wavelengths larger than 400 nm is <10 cm.sup.-1. This film will efficientlyconvert the absorbed near-UV light into green light of 530 nm wavelength. Therefore, wavelengths greater than 400 nm are transmitted through the film with low loss, while more than one-half of near-UV light is absorbed in a 300-400 .ANG. thickAlq.sub.3 film. An organic thin film 2 can thus act as a UV-to-green light converter and at the same time serve as AR coating 2 for .lambda.>400 nm, as shown in FIG. 1b.
It is well known that the efficiency of conventional photodiodes and solar cells decreases rapidly in the near-UV range. The dashed line in FIG. 2 (curve 16) illustrates the energy distribution of photons in the solar AMO (atmospheric mass zero,the standard of intensity and wavelength distribution of sunlight in space) spectrum. Also plotted in FIG. 2 is the quantum efficiency of a typical conventional solar cell 4 with an AR coating 3, shown by curve 12 plotted between solid circles (R. A.Street, "Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon", Cambridge University Press, 1991). It is clear that for wavelengths shorter than 400 nm, conventional cells (see FIG. 1a) can not provide efficient conversion of solar radiation. Also, curve 14 plotted betweensquare points in FIG. 2 shows the calculated quantum efficiency for conventional cells coated with a 100% Q.E. organic material. Here, it was assumed that all the solar radiation with wavelengths less than 420 nm is absorbed by Alq.sub.3 and convertedinto the 530 nm light (100% internal efficiency of luminescence). It is also assumed that all the photons emitted by the Alq.sub.3 coating 2 are coupled into the solar cell 4 (see FIG. 1b), which is reasonable since the refraction index of Si (x.xx) ismuch higher than that of Alq.sub.3 (1.73) or air (.about.1.00).
FIG. 3 illustrates photocurrent vs. wavelength curves for conventional solar cells (taken from M. A. Green,"High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells", Trans Tech Publishing, p.416, 1987) represented by curve 18 plotted between solid circles, and thecalculated spectrum (curve 20, plotted between open squares), for the same cell coated with a 100% Q.E. organic layer thick enough to absorb all the incident UV light (the exact film thickness should also satisfy the anti reflection condition for thesolar radiation spectral maximum). The difference in area under these two curves, 18 and 20, corresponds to the expected solar cell power efficiency increase and is close to 11%. It should also be noted that design of the photocells 2,4 themselves maynow be optimized for 530 nm, allowing for the use of more efficient, deep p-n junctions for solar cells.
It is apparent that a similar approach can be used to increase the UV sensitivity of photodiodes. Low reflectance in the UV range is provided by the low reflectance of the organic thin film. In this case, however, the film thickness shouldsatisfy the antireflection condition for the UV light. For 250 nm wavelength UV, the quarter-wavelength AR coating thickness should be about 350 .ANG.. This thickness of film is sufficient to fully absorb incident UV light, as discussed above. Itshould also be noted that, according to the measurements made by the inventors, the quantum efficiency of luminescence is independent of the film thickness for layers thicker than 100 .ANG., due to the relatively short diffusion length of excited statesin amorphous organic compounds. There is, therefore, no obstacle to the utilization of extremely thin films of these compounds as AR luminescent coatings.
There are two additional advantages of UV-photodiodes with organic coatings. The first is the flatness of the coated photodiode response at wavelengths shorter than the absorption edge of the organic material coating. This is because thecoating luminescence quantum efficiency does not depend on the excitation wavelength. This property facilitates photodiode calibration and simplifies analysis of the experimental results. The strong dependence of the uncoated photodiode photoresponseon the excitation wavelength is caused by intrinsic properties and can not be eliminated in the uncoated devices.
The second advantage is the visualization of UV radiation which is converted into the visible spectrum on the coated photodiode surface. It considerably simplifies positioning and alignment of the photodiode with respect to the incident light.
The ability to measure the luminescent properties of thin films, and of Alq.sub.3 in particular, was critical in discovering Alq.sub.3 as a material to be utilized in organic LED devices. Other materials may also be discovered via use of aninnovative measuring technique based on the embodiment of the present invention, described in detail below.
Most studies to date have focused on understanding the mechanism of charge transport, and the specifics of electroluminescence of Alq.sub.3 -based OLEDs. However, data on the optical properties of solid films of Alq.sub.3, which are crucial forthe in-depth understanding of the operation of OLEDs and other optoelectronic devices, such as light detectors, are not available. For example, the data on optical absorption are apparently limited to the work of P. E. Burrows et al. (See Appl. Phys.Lett. 64, pg. 2285, 1993), where only a narrow spectral range was studied. The inventors believe that no previous data has been published on the photoexcitation spectra of Alq.sub.3.
The absorption, photoexcitation, external and internal quantum efficiencies of Alq.sub.3 thin films grown by thermal evaporation in vacuum have been successfully measured by the inventors. The absorption measurements determined absorptioncoefficients (.alpha.) in solid films higher than 10.sup.4 cm.sup.-1 in the spectral range between .lambda.=250 nm and 425 nm. Investigation of the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra shows that over this spectral range, the external QuantumEfficiency .eta..sub.e for the prominent green luminescence band (with a center wavelength at .lambda.=530 nm) does not depend on the excitation radiation wavelength. Direct measurements of .eta..sub.e suggest that the efficiency of radiativetransitions centered at 530 nm is much higher than previously assumed, exceeding 30% at room temperature. The discovery of this information, made possible via the inventors novel measurement methods, explains the lack of past interest in using Alq.sub.3in the manufacture of light detectors.
Measurement of Alq.sub.3 optical characteristics was performed on Alq.sub.3 films grown on glass, sapphire and silicon substrates. Prepurified Alq.sub.3 films with thicknesses ranging from 50 .ANG. to 1.35 .mu.m were deposited under vacuum bythermal evaporation as described by P. E. Burrows et al., in "Electroluminescence from Trap-Limited Current Transport in Vacuum deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices", Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, p. 2285 (1994). Prior to growth, glass and sapphiresubstrates were cleaned by three successive rinses in boiling 1,1,1-trichloromethane, followed by three cycles in acetone, and a final rinse in boiling methanol. Silicon substrates were used as received from the manufacturer, with .about.20 .ANG.-thicknative oxide layer on the surface. Alq.sub.3 films grown on Si substrates were used for ellipsometric determination of the layer thickness and refractive index (n), which was determined to be n=1.73.+-.0.05 at .lambda.=633 nm.
As shown in FIG. 4, the experimental apparatus for measuring the film spectral properties consists of a 0.25 m monochromator 24 used to select light with a full width at half maximum of .DELTA..lambda.=15 nm from the broad spectral band of aXe-arc lamp 22. After passing through a 165 Hz chopper 26, the excitation light is focused to a 1.times.2 mm spot using a CaF.sub.2 lens system 28, 34, and a 45.degree. angle tilted mirror 32. Calibrated, UV-enhanced 1 cm diameter Si-photodiode 50,and 4.times.2 cm Si solar cell 44 were used to detect PL and excitation radiation in conjunction with a current and lock-in amplifier 51. All measurements were made at room temperature.
For absorption measurements, a bandpass filter 36 with transmission between .lambda.=250 nm and 420 nm was introduced between the sample and the Si-detector to eliminate the Alq.sub.3 photoluminescence signal, as well as scattered light at.lambda.>420 nm. Samples grown on sapphire substrates were used for the absorption experiments. The low intensity of the Xe-arc lamp 22 as well as the low sensitivity of the Si-detector 50 at .lambda.<400 nm resulted in a smallsignal-to-background (scattered light) ratio for thick film samples (>5000 .ANG.), and hence thinner samples (510 .ANG. and 2400 .ANG.) were used for absorption measurements in the short wavelength range. The results of the absorption measurementsfor three films of different thickness are given in FIG. 5 (see curves 52, 54 and 56). The absolute value of the absorption coefficient is calibrated at .lambda.=370 nm by measuring transmission through several samples of different thicknesses (seeinset, FIG. 5, curve 58), and is .alpha.=(4.4.+-.0.1).times.10.sup.4 cm.sup.-1. FIG. 5 shows that the overlap of two broad absorption bands with maxima at .lambda.=385 nm and .lambda.=260 nm (indicated by arrows) results in .alpha.>10.sup.4 cm.sup.-1over the entire spectral range from .lambda.=425 nm to .lambda.=250 nm, which is the short wavelength detection limit of the apparatus.
In FIG. 6, the .lambda.=530 nm PLE (photoluminensce excitation) spectra for thin (150 .ANG.) Alq.sub.3 is shown by curve 60, and for thick (1.35 .mu.m) Alq.sub.3 films is shown by curve 62. For thin samples, the PLE spectral maximum correspondsto the short wavelength absorption maximum at .lambda.=260 nm. The 1.35 .mu.m thick sample, however, absorbs 95% of the incident light at all wavelengths shorter than .lambda.=425 nm. The plateau at .lambda.<425 nm in the PLE spectrum of this sampleindicates that the external efficiency for the green luminescence does not depend on the excitation photon energy, and has the same value for both the .lambda.=385 nm and .lambda.=260 nm absorption bands.
Determination of the absolute value of the external PL efficiency, .eta..sub.e, was accomplished using a bandpass filter 36 with peak transmission at .lambda.=370 nm placed immediately above the sample (see FIG. 4) to reduce scattered light fromthe monochromator. A 1.35 .mu.m thick organic film 48, such as Alq.sub.3 film, on a glass substrate 38 was set directly onto the surface of the silicon solar cell 44. Using the values obtained for .alpha., (FIG. 6), and taking into account thedecreased UV photoresponse of the Si solar cell 44 as compared to its response at longer(.about.500 nm) wavelengths (see FIGS. 2 through 12), it was found that .lambda.=370 nm radiation transmitted through the 1.35 .mu.m thick film does not contributeappreciably to the diode photoresponse, and hence can be neglected. The PL efficiency for .lambda.=370 nm, integrated over a 2 .pi. solid angle (estimated as discussed by Garbuzov in J. Luminescence 27, p.109, (1982)), gives .eta..sub.e from 2.8% to10%. This measured external PL efficiency depends on the excitation area, the thickness of the organic film and area of the substrate, indicating that the measured value of .eta..sub.e is strongly affected by scattering losses and waveguiding of PL inthe film and the glass substrate. Note that waveguiding effects, substrate losses and other experimental artifacts have also been observed to distort the results of .eta..sub.e measurements using an integrating sphere. In the present invention oneembodiment includes an apparatus to measure film spectral properties, which provides improvements that overcome these limitations of the prior art.
The film 40 measured by the present apparatus is deposited on a glass substrate 38 and is thick enough to absorb all the excitation radiation. The substrate is placed film side down on the surface of a calibrated Si solar cell 44. Theexcitation radiation is focused at the film 40 through the glass 38. The film luminescence power is measured by the solar cell 44 (all the radiation (P) coupled out from the sample in 2 .pi. solid angle) and by the second photodetector 50, located overthe sample (which signal with amplitude A, is proportional to the intensity of radiation that is coupled out in the direction opposite to the solar cell 44).
Then refractive index matching fluid 42 is placed between the film or coating 40 and solar cell 44, and measurements are repeated under the same excitation level. The lower limit to the internal quantum efficiency of the film is calculated as:
P represents the film luminescence power coupled out from the sample in a 2 .pi. solid angle and measured by the solar cell 44 under the condition of no immersion;
P.sub.1 is the luminescence power measured by the solar cell 44 in the case of immersion;
P.sub.0 is the power of the excitation radiation;
A is the signal of the second photodetector 50 under the condition of no immersion; and
B is the signal of the second photodetector 50 under the condition of immersion, B<A.
In the first embodiment, the samples comprised of the combination of substrate 38 and Alq.sub.3 coating 40 are placed film-side-down in index of refraction-matching fluid 42 (with n=1.524) dropped onto the surface of the solar cell 44. Underthese conditions .eta..sub.e =28% for the radiation emitted towards the solar cell 44 was obtained. In order to evaluate the PL intensity in the opposite direction (through the glass slide 38), an identical sample was placed on the solar cell 44 withoutthe immersion oil 42, and the PL signals of the two samples were compared using a second photodetector 50 placed above the samples (see FIG. 4). The PL efficiency, as recorded by the second photodetector 50, of the immersed sample was 0.8 times as largeas that of the non-immersed sample, whose efficiency was measured by the solar cell 44 to be .about.3.6%. Therefore, the total efficiency of the immersed samples was 28%+(0.8).times.3.6%.apprxeq.31%. This number can be considered as a lower limit for.eta..sub.e since the refractive index of the immersion fluid is less than n for Alq.sub.3, and hence the waveguiding losses to the Alq.sub.3 film, although improved, are not completely eliminated.
In the second, preferred embodiment, the luminescence intensities of the 1.35 .mu.m thick film grown on Si substrate is compared with that of the film grown on a glass substrate. Since the refractive index of Si (4.16 at .lambda.=530 nm) is muchhigher than that of Alq.sub.3, waveguide losses are eliminated and only photons emitted at angles smaller than the total internal reflection angle (35.degree. w.r.t. normal) can contribute to .eta..sub.e. In this case, a good approximation to.eta..sub.e is given by .eta..sub.e =.eta..sub.i (1-R.sub.1) (1+R.sub.2)(n-(n.sup.2 -1).sup.1/2)(2n).sup.-1. Where n is the luminescent film refractive index (in this case the luminescent film is Alq.sub.3). R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the Fresnelreflection coefficients for the PL radiation at the luminescent film-air interface and semiconductor-luminescent film interfaces, respectively, averaged over angles<35.degree.. The (1-R.sub.1) (1+R.sub.2) product is 1.09 for Alq.sub.3 -air andSi-Alq.sub.3, while (n-(n.sup.2- 1) .sup.1/2)(2n).sup.-1 .apprxeq.0.093. This gives a ten fold difference between .eta..sub.e and .eta..sub.i caused by the total internal reflection at the Alq.sub.3 -air interface, perhaps explaining why past effortsthat did not use the improvement of index matching fluid coupling failed to anticipate how high the efficiency of Alq.sub.3 actually is. Using the previous calibration efficiency of the film on glass (see above), it is found that the value of.eta..sub.e for the film on the Si substrate equals to (3.2.+-.0.2%). The inventors, by using the above equation, calculated that the internal efficiency for the green luminescent band centered at .lambda.=530 nm is .eta..sub.e =(32.+-.2)%. Note thatthis is 10.times. the (3.2.+-.0.2%) absolute value of .eta..sub.e for the film on the Si substrate, which requires using the previous calibration efficiency of the film on glass, which in turn requires the immersion oil improvement of example 1.
The difference between the calculated .eta..sub.i and the measured .eta..sub.e of the immersed samples is unexpectedly small if one considers the large fraction of luminescence waveguided in the Alq.sub.3 film 40 sandwiched between the immersionoil 42 and the glass 38. However, a considerable fraction of this waveguided radiation is also collected by the solar cell 44 due to total internal reflection at the oil-air interface, as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, the results obtained by both embodiments,as shown in examples 1 and 2, are in good agreement.
The dependence of the internal luminescence efficiency on film thickness for samples grown on glass substrate is shown by curve 64 in FIG.7. To obtain these data, the luminescence from both the thin and previously calibrated thick samples ismeasured with a low pass filter (passing .lambda.>420 nm) placed over the photodetector 44 to eliminate any non-absorbed excitation and scattered light from the monochromator 24. The amount of absorbed excitation light is directly measured for filmswith thickness >500 .ANG., and is calculated for thinner films using the data in the inset of FIG. 5. Data shown in FIG. 7 correspond to freshly prepared samples, with air exposure times <5 hours. No efficiency oscillations with film thicknesswere observed which could be attributed to microcavity or interference effects [5] due to the low reflectance of the Alq.sub.3 -glass interface and coordinate-angle averaging of these effects. In FIG. 7, curve 64 demonstrates that the luminescenceefficiency of Alq.sub.3 films remains constant over two orders of magnitude of thickness, with a noticeable drop in efficiency observed only for films thinner than 100 .ANG.. The dependence of PL efficiency on organic film thickness is important to knowwhen designing the luminescent AR coating.
Although various embodiments of the invention are shown and illustrated above, they are not meant to be limiting. Those skilled in the art may recognize certain modifications to these embodiments, which are meant to be covered by the spirit andscope of the appended claims. For example, C. W. Tang et al., "Electroluminescence of Doped Organic Thin Films", J. Appl. Phys. 65, No.9 3610 (1989), teaches that Alq.sub.3 may be doped with traces of coumarin 540 and DCM1 to increase its efficiencyand to shift its emission from the green to anywhere between the blue-green to orange-red regions of the spectrum.
As a further example of another embodiment of the invention, for estimation of the internal quantum efficiency .eta..sub.i of a film, reference is made to FIG. 8.
In this embodiment, the material of interest is deposited directly at a Si-photodiode 70 surface as a film 74. The photodiode includes a p layer 71 and an n layer 72. In this case, the value of .eta..sub.i can be estimated from simple equationsand the measurement of the magnitude of current flowing through photodiode 70 via a current measuring device 76:
where J.sub.q is the photodiode photocurrent (in electrons/sec.) measured by current measuring device 76, I.sub.sh is the intensity of the UV excitation radiation 78 (in photons/sec.), and .beta..sub.Ph (in electrons/photon) is the photodiodequantum efficiency at a wavelength corresponding to the peak of film 74 photo-luminescence.
Also, D. Z Garbuzov' et al., "Organic film deposited on Si p-n junctions: Accurate measurements of florescence internal efficiency, and application to luminescent antireflection coatings", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 80, No. 8, Oct. 15,1996, pages 4644-4648, shows and describes the results obtained by the present inventors for testing materials other than Alq.sub.3. More specifically, through use of the present invention, coatings of TPD {N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4' diamine}, and of Gaq.sub.2 'Cl {bis-(8-hydroxyquinaldine)-chlorogallinm} were tested, resulting in the measurement of internal fluorescence efficiency .eta..sub.i of 0.35.+-.0.3, and 0.36.+-.0.3, respectively.
Other efficient chromophores have also been identified by the inventors for use as high efficiency florescent anti-reflection (AR) coatings. These materials include polyphenylenevinylene, which can be prepared as a very uniform and flat film viawet chemical growth; and distyriarelene derivatives, which are vacuum depositable (see C. Hosokawa, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 67, pages 3853-3855 (1195)). Another material is Al (acetylacetonate)3[Al(acac)3], a compound that absorbs in theultraviolet spectral region, and emits blue or purple spectral region.
* * * * *
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text:
Sunday, February 12, 2012
IF ...popularity
8 comments:
This makes me smile just looking at it. You've captured his charisma beautifully. I like the subtlety of the crowd - especially the 'thumbs up' – and his kind eyes. Another '10'.ReplyDelete
Interesting...and nicely done.ReplyDelete
Was he elected for his even features or his good ideas? Good Artwork.ReplyDelete
Saw this today. thought it was pretty neat and reminded me of what we talked about a little bit in the rendering class. http://itokyoshoes.deviantart.com/favourites/#/d2xu6phReplyDelete
THe composition is great. I love the solid white glasses and how he is entering from the right edge of the paper. The illustration is quite joyous and a little dark at the same time. I never seen FDR so full with joy. From what I have seen of him, he is very reserved. I like this new POV. He really seems like a politician.ReplyDelete
What and energetic and appealing portrait of a great man. I like the lack of color on the right edge..I don't know why. I just like it. The crowd is suggested nicely. I can hear the cheering.ReplyDelete
Bright and upbeat, so optimistic, the different levels of finish and focus are orchestrated in unison. Fine flow.ReplyDelete
Great likeness! This might be my favorite of your portraits so far. Love the composition too with the color, crowd, and how you break the outer edges. Applause :)ReplyDelete


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Wood Screens Room Dividers Effectively
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text:
Politics is crap. Democrat or Republican, it doesnt matter to me anymore.
I still read the paper and listen to the hype, but they are all insane. It reminds me of the backstabbing of Julius Caesar. I firmly believe what they do now is more sinister. It would be better if they faced each other in a duel. NPR was all a buzz about Arlen jumping ship and playing for the other team. I am sure they felt betrayed, but where is the root to this system. They lay the groundwork themselves, they are all out to get each other. It is like they are trying to play a basketball game, but each is refusing to wear a jersey like the other guys.What a pointless game that is, running around not knowing who is on your team, or who you can trust to pass the ball to. So each man hugs the ball when it comes to him and tears around the court screaming MINE, MINE, until at last he is tired and gives it to the next moron so he can run around for a bit.
I am not exactly sure when the parties became so divided on a religious level, but I refuse to believe that Christ would be mixed up in it all.
Thursday, April 30, 2009
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The best way to keep up to date with Petersfield RFC
If you'd like a chat, enter your phone number here and we'll get in touch.
Catch all the breaking news, fixtures and results for Petersfield RFC first, by signing up to the club website.
There's a whole host of benefits, including:
The Clubhouse Penns Place Petersfield Hampshire GU31 4EP View with Google Maps
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text: Digital future will decide insurance 'winners' Whichever companies in the insurance industry grab the opportunities digital technology provides will come out on top over the coming years, a leading expert has said. Helen Wong, director of network product technology & strategy at Verizon APAC, told Insurance Business that the benefits of the digital revolution need to be taken quickly or winners will be easy to find. "Whoever embraces the digital side first will be the winner coming out," Wong said. "Competition is very tough, whether you are buying a car insurance policy, a life insurance policy, and you get all these new types of insurance offerings that are out there in the market. It is about how you get that communication with the customers to make sure that it happens smoothly. "If you are dealing with one of these companies and you have a bad experience and you want to speak to somebody and your phone line never gets through or you want to make a claim and it takes forever because something got lost in translation or got lost in emails, all of those things, if you are not in the digital game and you don't see it immediately, it is coming. "And, that is not just insurers, that is all companies." Wong spoke to Insurance Business upon the release of Verizon's The digital future for insurance report which details the changing landscape the industry faces. "Research we commissioned from Forrester Consulting shows that just 16% of insurance companies have 'fully implemented' their digital strategies, compared to 25% across all sectors. "Just under a third (32%) of insurance firms say the maturity of their digital strategy is 'good'; almost a quarter (23%) say it's 'poor' or 'very poor,' the report noted. The report details the power of the consumer who, thanks to the internet and comparison tools, has "more power to change providers than ever before." "Customers today want faster, easier, more personalised self-service options through online and mobile channels, with seamless experiences across different product siloes," the report continues. "And when they start an interaction in one channel they want their customer information to move along with them between channels seamlessly. The leaders in your sector are already well on the way to offering improved customer service through omni-channel services. "Digital is making it possible." Wong stressed that digital is no longer the playground of the major insurance companies and stressed that smaller businesses may actually have an advantage in the changing market and the key will be grabbing the attention of younger clients as soon as possible. "If you look at the big companies they are actually the slow ones," Wong continued. "They have so much legacy in their existing set ups that prevent them from quickly moving. "If you look at some of, in the US as well, the more successful financial and insurance firms are these newcomers that do all of their or 90% of their transactions online. "Those are the ones that are really getting the millennials, the young generations. "If you look at the millennial group, they are the customers of the future for any company and, if you aren't looking at how to target that younger generation and who's going to grow with them, you are going to miss the market." Leave a comment SHARE


text:
Tree Branch Injures Two At State Fair
Tree Branch Injures Two At State Fair
A strong gust of wind tore through the State Fair on Sunday and caught a large tree branch at 5th and Main Street. It snapped it off and landed on two people, injuring both of them.
They were taken to an on site medical facility where emergency workers are determining if they will need to go to the hospital.
Witnesses say this all happened very quickly.


text:
This Stripper Got An Abortion Just to Get a Nose JobApr 14, 2016
Everybody has different opinions on abortion and we can respect that, but this superficial hooker put...
O'REILLY GOES FULL RACIST ON TRUMP ABOUT FIXING PERCEPTION HE IS RACISTApr 13, 2016
Bill O'Reilly confronted Donald Trump about the perception among African Americans that he is racist, and...
Man Starts GoFundme Campaign to Help Him Fight All Trump SupportersApr 12, 2016
WOW! The gofundme campaign reached $4500 after going viral and was eventually shut down.
Former NBA Star Ray Allen Opens 'Grown' – First Organic Fast-Food RestaurantApr 11, 2016
In every big city there are plenty of pricey organic restaurants. The freshest food, garden grown...
MUST SEE: Truth About Pineal Gland They Keep A Secret [VIDEO]Apr 11, 2016
WOW! The tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some...
White Blind Man Files For Divorce After He Learns His Wife is BlackApr 11, 2016
TEXAS | A blind man filed for divorce this morning, claiming that his wife hid from...
Cops Using Catfish Profiles to Find Fathers Behind on Child SupportApr 11, 2016
"Remember that bad b*tch might be Five-o" Said one cop who's actively retrieved child support and...
Notorious B.I.G.'s Daughter, T'yanna: "Puffy Don't Do Sh*t For My Family"Apr 7, 2016
T'yanna Wallace has reached her boiling point with Sean Combs a.k.a. Diddy. The daughter of The...
Meek Mill Says Nicki Minaj Blow Up Doll Feels Just Like the Real ThingApr 6, 2016
"Its like she's right here and not on tour f**king her ex" – Meek Said former...
The Great Dick Gregory Speaks On Race, Conspiracy, Bill Cosby, & More (VIDEO)Mar 29, 2016
Information is Power…? Dick Gregory chats about race relations, conspiracys, Bill Cosby, running for president and...


text:
House Leased
- About this property
- Explore Rockville
Neat and Tidy 2 Bedroom Unit…Property ID 1814310This 2 bedroom duplex is positioned in a quiet cul-de-sac close to a hospital, public transport, schools and Wilsonton Shopping Centre.
With the easy flowing feel of the unit, you will feel right at home.
The 2 bedrooms are positioned off the lounge room, with a separate laundry and your own lockable garage this neat and tidy unit won't last long.
Book now to inspect - Don't miss out!


text:
Casa Antonella is located in Torre Lapillo and offers a garden and a shared lounge. Guests staying at this holiday home have access to a fully equipped kitchen.
The holiday home is equipped with a TV and 2 bedrooms.
Lecce is 29 km from the holiday home, while Gallipoli is 28 km away. The nearest airport is Brindisi - Salento Airport, 42 km from the property....
|VIA F2 n. 23
Torre Lapillo


text:
Time to get fit now the better weather has arrived. Walking for Health has three options in Deal:
Monday: Betteshanger
Duration: 90mins approx
Meet at the visitor centre on Mondays at 10.30am for 10.45am start. Walk length approx. 90 minutes.
For more info phone Pat 07930 361216.
Wednesday: Deal (summer) & Kingsdown (winter)
Duration: 1hr 15min
This walk explores areas around Deal and Kingsdown via footpaths, the promenade and bridleways. Some beautiful views across the Channel on many routes.
This walk moves location for the Winter.
April to October they meet at Kingsdown Road Car Park (on the left before you reach Walmer Castle), Kingsdown Road, Walmer (near the junction with Granville Road)
November to March they meet at Deal Library, Broad Street, Deal at 1:15pm.
Thursday: Deal Pier Healthwalk
Very gentle walk on the pier for those with limited mobility. Ideal for those with long-term medical conditions and those recovering from an illness or operation. Everyone walks at their own pace, however gentle, and there are seats along the length of the pier where people can 'take a breather'.
Involves approximately 10 mins of walking in each direction with a tea/coffee break in the middle. Wheelchairs and mobility scooters welcome.
Run by members of Deal Strokes Club.
Contact – Rob Moore 01304 374603
For more information about any of the walks, please see their main scheme page for more walks, and contact details.


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Well thanks to my twitter friends and the interwebs…I have a plan for the half marathon! Kali over at http://www.finishingfirsts.com/ sent me over to Jeff Galloway's Run/walk training program! Ironically the plan in 17 weeks, and that is exactly how long I have.
I went through and entered every planned run in my planner and on Google's Calendar. Now I just have to follow through! I know that most of my problem is getting over the mental hurdle and negative self-talk! Insert my favorite blogs to keep me motivated:
Reading these blogs helps me to stay positive and motivates me when I am in a rut! Thanks to Caitlin and Gina for always having something positive and interesting to say!
As for the rest of today, I am heading into work and studying for my two exams tomorrow. Tomorrow after classes…25 minute run! Motivation, here I come!


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I made this post 2 years ago after a break up. Ending a relationship is hard. It's more difficult if you're the recipient of the dreaded words, "Let's end this." Trust me, I know.
Posted Sunday, March 19th, 2006 @mag-mag08.blog.friendster.com
Ang hirap palang maging broken hearted.
Kahit pala hinihintay ko ng makipaghiwalay yung boyfriend ko sa 'kin, kahit pala hinanda ko na ang sarili ko sa panahong 'yon, masakit parin pala kapag dumating na…
Yes, I was waiting for it because the relationship is not doing us any good but I can't bring myself to end the relationship.
Pero noong dumating yung time na yun may tama parin pala.
Masakit parin pala.
Mararamdaman ko parin pala.
He didn't give me any explanation why he wanted to break up. I felt like I was left hanging. There's no closure.
It has been 4 days since we broke up. I need to move on fast. Our summer class would commence in two weeks and we're in one class. If worse comes to worst, we'll be in the same group for our hospital duty. I have to appear strong and unaffected.
I'd be honest, for the first two days wala akong ginawa kundi umiyak.
Masakit sa pakiramdam.
Mabigat sa dibdib ang naipong sama ng loob.
The realization also came that through the duration of the relationship, I felt as if he just used me–for his personal academic gain.
Masakit ang mamulat sa katotohan na ginamit ka lang… Na inisahan ka lang.
If someone asks me if I'm okay, I'll say yes.
Nakakangiti ako.
Parang bumabalik na ako sa dating ako.
But I know deep inside me, I'm not okay.
The pain is still there. Naalala ko parin siya.
Bago ako matulog. Sa panaginip ko. Sa pag-gising ko.
I know I can't be like this forever.
I have to move on. And hopefully, I can.


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Up on the Roof
January 7, 1973: An American killing spree comes to an end. Mark James Robert Essex was born in 1949 in Emporia, Kansas. He graduated from Emporia Senior High School in 1967 and went on to Emporia State University. He dropped out after one semester. He joined the US Navy in 1969 as a dental technician and was stationed in San Diego, California. He was stationed there for two years and claimed to have been subjected to unending racial abuse. Other African-American friends explained that it was just the way of the military and while a bitter pill to swallow, he had to learn to live with it. He had to learn that the Navy was not like Emporia. Instead, he went AWOL from October 19 to November 16, 1970 and was given a general discharge for unsuitability on February 10, 1971. After his discharge, he became involved with black radicals in San Francisco, California and joined the New York Black Panthers.
He was in New Orleans on New Year's Eve in 1972. He was 23 years old at the time. He parked his car a block away from the New Orleans Police Department. He walked to a parking lot across the street and shot and killed 19-year-old Cadet Alfred Harrell and wounded Lt. Horace Perez. Harrell was also black and it was later noted that Essex was planning to kill "just honkies". Essex managed to escape capture and while being pursued, he broke into a building and officers responded, not knowing it was connected to the prior shootings. Essex shot Officer Hosli who later died of the injuries. Essex then managed to escape again.
At 10:15 AM on this day, Essex shot Joe Perniciaro, a grocer, and then carjacked Marvin Albert. Essex drove to the Downtown Howard Johnson's Hotel across from City Hall and the Louisiana Supreme Court. He climbed the stairs only to find his entry blocked by locked fire doors. He continued to climb to the 18th floor where he gained entry. He told three black employees he was there just to kill white people. He found his first two victims in vacationing Virginians, Dr. Robert Steagall and his wife, Betty. After shooting them, he entered their room and set the curtains on fire. After leaving the room, he shot his way into several more rooms and started more fires. He shot both the general and assistant managers; both died.
Police and fire arrived quickly and Essex kept shooting at those who tried to enter the building. More officer were sent to effect rescue of the downed policemen and were also shot. A Tulane medical student walked into an open field and carried a wounded officer to safety without incident. Lt. General Pitman of the US Marine Corps offered the use of a CH-46 military helicopter and as nightfall came, they were able to trap Essex on the roof. Gunfire was exchanged with Essex hitting the helicopter's transmission. Sharpshooters aboard the helicopter and stationed on nearby buildings were able to stop Essex and an autopsy showed more than 200 gunshot wounds. Essex had shot 19 people, ten of them police officers. Nine of these people died. When entering Essex's apartment, it was found to be covered in anti-white graffiti.
I was raised to believe that excellence is the best deterrent to racism or sexism. And that's how I operate my life. – Oprah Winfrey
Racism springs from the lie that certain human beings are less than fully human. It's a self-centered falsehood that corrupts our minds into believing we are right to treat others as we would not want to be treated. – Alveda King
Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to divide and to destroy. It is the enemy of freedom, and deserves to be met head-on and stamped out. – Pierre Berton
Racism is taught in our society, it is not automatic. It is learned behavior toward persons with dissimilar physical characteristics. – Alex Haley
Also on this day: Zeus's Lovers – In 1610, the four Galilean moons were discovered.
CQD – What? – In 1904, a new distress signal was called for.
Around the world in more than 80 days – In 1887, Thomas Stevens completed his trip around the world on a bike.
Fire! – In 1950, the Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa caught fire.


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- Two distinctive parking stalls in the rear and public good deal at the rear of the setting up providing 90 minutes free
Ok, Indeed I did see the Very low-density lipoproteins remark in the main sentence BUT – mercola (and Other folks) state this "As outlined by Dr. Masterjohn, when the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio boosts, it may well reveal weak LDL turnover and inadequate metabolism of your cholesterol, that means your body just isn't utilizing the obtainable cholesterol correctly.
Putting this jointly with your other citation, that weight problems delays triglyceride clearance bringing about a postprandial hypertriglyeridemia of the magnitude terrific enough being of clinical importance, it is simple to see the role higher Excess fat meal plans Participate in within the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.
I also like wellness and merricks balanced body weight I just didn't suggest them as they both of those have potatoes large on the listing of ingredients so you stated you'd like to prevent Those people.
With the history, I'm not, nor have I ever, advocated for more Extra fat inside the food plan than protein for the Pet (or even a "significant" Excess fat diet plan for that matter). Not due to pancreatitis nevertheless.
activate T4 into T3. This can help maximize LDL receptor activity and switch around these LDL particles. The situation is that an enormous part of our populace is insulin-resistant.
Also, a great deal of smaller breed dogs have heart murmurs, normally They are really asymptomatic and don't have to have remedy….but see just what the expert suggests.
Hi Dani, just be cautious with minimized weight kibbles, some are very superior in fiber above 5%, higher fiber suggests more plant matter potatoes, peas, etcetera, so additional carbs…. stick with a kibble that's close to four% in fiber or much less….. exercise is the best, each day walks, have a ball to park & throw the ball a number of occasions then stroll property….I have the alternative with Patch he losses bodyweight serious uncomplicated but we are incredibly Lively he goes on 2 walks per day + chases his ball up dog tooth pain relief & down the corridor way….. Due to the fact feeding "Flavor In the Wild" Pacific Stream Salmon-360Kcal for each cup & Sierra Mountain Lamb-338Kcal for each cup, Patch hasn't misplaced body weight or gained any bodyweight, he only eats 2 cups of kibble a day & cooked Kangaroo or Hen when, I substitute one cup of kibble with a refreshing cooked meal, some lean hen breast, sweet potato & broccoli….
Hi, I posted a connection & foods that are very low in Kcals for the above mentioned put up Terry Sevigny… Should you have a property get yourself a chair & a drink sit back & throw her a tennis ball & make her bring it again if she provides it back again then give her one kibble being a treat dog gone pain uk from her dinner that she'll take in later on.
Lovely Puppy! I've by no means utilised the foodstuff you pointed out, I've by no means applied Merrick, arrive to think about it. I employed Wellness Core rediced Extra fat with success however, if I necessary a weightloss foodstuff now, I'd consider Annamaet Lean.
I will evaluate it Once i get house and have again to you personally. I really want to grasp all of these items effectively
I have quite a few buyers that use entire earth farms healthy pounds, types I can imagine are two really chubby beagles and a pug and Of course as far as I'm able to tell they are doing work I've seen all of these dogs loose a big quantity of pounds as well as the owners are content with the results. For the 25lb bag it's forty$. Have a very awesome day.
I'm guessing you've read this but I just stumbled throughout it and considered it fairly intriguing. Dietary Excess fat is just not a problem in pancreatitis Unless of course dietary protein is limited.
Allow the mixture to cool, then position it inside of a jar with a lid and shop it as part of your fridge. Preferably, you need to keep the paste for not more than two months … following that, you'll need to make a contemporary batch.
- 292 Visitors


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It's nice to know that I've got options on staying here. My gut feeling was right. There are many people at work both at my company and our supplier (where I'm currently sitting) who genuinely care for my well-being as opposed to just my value to this program. I've spoken to my now former boss about the possibility of me staying here on the east coast and he has in turn spoken with my new boss and their boss and they all seem receptive to the idea. I've also spoken with another co-worker of mine about the possibility of me joining his team. Other people around here have also suggested some opportunities in this area I can look into. All in all, I've got options. I know which option I want but cautious person that I am, I'm not going to lay all my eggs in that basket so I'm still going to explore other possibilities.
Bottom line though…
"It's gonna be a bright, bright sun-shining day" -Johnny Nash


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eu de toi-horsey dyke
Guerlain's International Marketing Director Laurent Boillot says "She is a feminine mix of Meryl Streep and Robert De Niro. She is capable of transforming herself." And if by feminine mix, he means transsexual, I suppose he is right.
Horsey looks like a straight up drag queen in this picture. Maybe that faggoty husband of hers will finally find her attractive – Heinous! Oh, and check out this clip of Horsey doing a little performance to promote the new fragrance. I never knew she was so talented!


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The Brazilian fans are supremely confident of a win, with many of them predicting a thrashing for their fellow South American opponents.
Ivan told Goal.com, "Brazil has an easy game today against Chile. We are not worried about them, and I believe in a 5-0 win which will send us to the quarter-finals."
Diego was also confident, as he said, "Nobody at this World Cup can play like Brazil, and we will win the trophy for sure. Chile is just a stepping stone, and we will beat them by at least four or five goals."
Romano was slightly kinder. "The Chile players must be terrified, but they are also good, just not as good as the Brazilians. I think 3-0 is possible."
Finally, two brothers from Brazil, Arturo and Candido agreed, "5-0 to Brazil, that will be a great scoreline and the show will be fantastic."


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Catching Up...
2 days ago
I had another Art Fire seller, White Dandelion Works, contact me, this time about making plushies based on my owls. I can safely say that I am not talented when it comes to sewing and that's an understatement. So it's something that I didn't have planned, but the idea intrigued me. (I love fun little plushies and wish I did have that talent to make them!) I gave her the go ahead to create one for a toy drop and loved the results! She's made two more for her Art Fire shop and I wanted to share them with you. They're wonderful and I'm hoping to have her make a custom one for me. :)
Here's the first one:


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Dundonians, big of brawn, enjoying an effusion of tattoos and luxuriant facial hair (and that's just the women) are said to be overwhelmed at the prospect.
Explaining the change, a City Council spokespey told The JT: "We had a firm of consultants in fae Edinburgh, like, ken. And they said that the existing slogan "Dundee: City of Despondency" was too general and didn't reflect the 21st century zeitgeist of personalisation, whatever the fuck that means."
To reflect the new reality inside council officials' heads the new slogan will read "Dundee: One city, many despondencies".
Reflecting, presumably, that, when you think about it, ultimately we're all alone in the world, forced to live out our pointless existence trapped inside an existential hell of our own making.
Or perhaps it's not quite as upbeat as that.
Anyway, the new strategy will involve famous Dundonians acting as ambassadors for the city. Famous Dundonians like Brian Cox! That''s a good one, and then there's, em, er,
Did I mention Brian Cox?.
Inside: This is true. Many, many years ago, when the world was made of wood and life was lived in black and white, via The JT, I re-labelled Dundee as "The City of Despondency", much to the amusement of my Dundee-based readers.
Apart from Dundee City Council, that is. I got an email from the press office pointing out my "error".


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Volume 3, Issue 3
November, 2011
Walking in Obedience
The timing couldn't have been more perfect. Soon after we started the study on Decision Making and the Will of God, one of our Asian Fellowship members made the decision to accept Christ and be baptized. From what she told me later, she had been feeling the promptings toward this for a long time. Yet her choice to do so near the beginning of our study gave us a wonderful example of what it means to walk in obedience to the Spirit's calling.
I've been to many baptisms and have done my own share of baptizing others, but I think sitting in the audience that Sunday morning with several of this young woman's Chinese and Taiwanese friends (some saved, some unsaved, but all rejoicing) was one of the most moving baptismal ceremonies I have ever attended. It made me realize once again just how blessed I am to be a part of such a dynamic ministry as this one.
We continue to pack out the house every week. Love, laughter, and learning all come together in one tremendous time that everyone looks forward to on Tuesday nights. I am continually amazed at the hard questions people ask me as we open the Word, the transparency that many of them exhibit as they share their personal tales of struggle and failure, the tears of tender hearts touched by what God is revealing to them. It takes a tremendous amount of courage to be vulnerable in front of 20 or more people, but so many of them are willing to do just that.
Would you pray for us that the hearts and minds of our members will continue to remain open? Would you pray that others in the Fellowship that we sense are close to a decision for Christ will make that step of faith?
Prayer Requests
My father died on October 31. You may recall that we came back to the States in 2008 to take care of him and my mother. We are thankful for the years we had with Dad and are rejoicing that he is with Jesus in Heaven and finally at peace. Please pray for the family, though, as we heal from our loss.
We continue to struggle financially. Please pray for hearts to be touched to join our ministry team or increase their support.
Please continue to pray for our work here in Yukon among the Japanese. The girl you prayed for has started to adjust more to life in America. Also, please pray for a young mother in our group to realize her need for Christ.
As always, please pray for Joyce's heavy workload as wife, mother, and caregiver.
Yours By His Grace,
John and Joyce Roper and Family


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As the semester and the school year end, we find ourselves contemplating the importance of what our schooling and education mean in the long run. Perhaps many a young student has looked at his assigned homework or final exam and thought to himself, "There's no way I'm going to use this for the real world." And that is very true, we may likely never hear of another theory or philosophy once we exit the University. But maybe the point of the University is not just one of academic advancement, but also advancement as a mature adult.
When we look back on our UP lives ask yourself, why are you in the University? Are you because you know that this is a bastion of education and knowledge and want to learn? Or are you here to use the name of the school as a talking point for your work résumé? I believe that the core values that UP tries to instill in every young student is one of responsibility, diligence and to foster a sense of nationhood. An important take away from our University education is that we are not necessarily better than the next person, regardless of their or our schooling, and that we must work hard to distinguish ourselves from our peers. As I noted in another post, we must never be arrogant because someone, somewhere is better than you at what you are good at, and once we meet that person, we have to dig deep to better ourselves. I firmly believe that the lessons we learn in the classroom are not half as important at the life lessons we take from them. And lastly, take pride in your University, precious few have the opportunity to study like you and I have and we must always treasure the experience. I realize that many of you are only 2nd year students and have a ways yet to go in the University. But after the next generation has moved on and left the college, another bright young class enters the University and it's up to you guys to pass on the life lessons. Good luck.


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Overview: Training-needs are identified. Current training programs are assessed and missing needs are identified. New skills required to support the change are identified. Course needs are determined and target audiences are examined.
Considerations: Existing training programs should be considered, if applicable. Employees' previous training should provide insight into what type of training is required for each type of change. Enlist the assistance of experienced instructional designers. Who has developed successful training in the past? Why is the training method important? Once the training is delivered, will it ever be used again? What level in the organization does the training target? Are there any language barriers that need to be considered? Will the participants have access to technology, or PCs?
- State to the Farmers and Scientists "This task creates a curriculum so the training will be well coordinated, organized, and effective."
- Schedule meeting with training experts or functional experts.
- Prior to the meeting make a rough draft of possible course descriptions and objectives. Define the target audience for proposed training. Define the target audience for proposed training. Write down skills needed by the target audience.
- Consider a variety of training approaches including: (1) Role play, simulation, or in-basket exercise (2) Demonstration presentation (3) Performance tryout (4) Structured discussion/debriefing (5) Case Study (6) Team tasks and group work (7) Brainstorming (8) Panel discussion (9) Structured note taking (10) Field trip and (11) Programmed instructions.
- Gather input regarding the preliminary draft. See if existing materials already exist. Estimate cost of development and delivery.
- Publish a report outlining preliminary findings.
- Gain management approval of the training program prior to actual development of the material/course.


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Elizabeth Ireton supports the Premier Population Health Collaborative, and co-leads the Bundled Payment Collaborative. Elizabeth's focus also includes care management and post-acute care. Previously, Ireton was a Director of Account Management at Healthways and worked directly with a number of high profile customers, including hospitals, health plans and employers. She also supported a hospital service line division, responsible for business development focused in disease and care management, as well as population health and clinical care redesign.
Prior to that, Ireton worked for several consulting firms including Gartner and First Consulting Group. Ireton is a registered nurse and has her Masters of Science in Nursing. She served as an adjunct faculty member for many years at the Johns Hopkins College of Nursing.
Title: principal, Premier Performance Partners
Area(s) of Expertise: Bundled payment, care management, post-acute care, strategic planning, care redesign


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- Event Date: 15/08/2017
- Time: 6:00-7:15pm
- Location: State Library Victoria, Village Roadshow Theatrette, 179 La Trobe St, Melbourne
The health system is awash with data. Nearly all of it tells us that we could improve. It usually also tells us where we need to improve; particular places and patients and care processes. Yet our current improvement efforts are surprisingly limited in their scope. One major reason is the lack of actionability of many kinds of health data. Soundness, relevance, accessibility and understanding of health data can all be improved. In this Policy Pitch event, a panel of experts will discuss this improvement process. Register now


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We've entered a new year and a lot of people have resolutions on their mind. One of the most common ones? Lose weight.
Almost two years ago (wow, has it really been that long?) I started down a road that eventually allowed me to shed 30 pounds. It wasn't hard or excruciating, and it didn't cost me tons of money in diet pills, gym equipment, or personal trainers aptly named "He Who Shalt Strip You of Your Fat and Your Dignity." And guess what? I did it by doing what 90% of my generation does best:
Playing video games.
Here, let me start at the beginning.
I've never been a skinny kid. I've struggled with my weight and how I looked, but it wasn't always the biggest deal for me. The only time I really cared was in gym class (okay, WHOSE idea was it to do a "team" exercise where we all had to go up and over a 20 foot wall??) or when I wanted new clothes (very few things are more depressing than finding THE perfect outfit and then having to put it back when it doesn't fit). When I got to college I dropped 20 pounds because I was walking uphill every day. I was in the farthest dorm and most of my classes were on the other side of campus. Whoo hoo! No Freshman Fifteen for me! Well, then senior year hit. I moved into an apartment and made some friends who had a car. Oops.
When I got home, I was at the heaviest I've ever been. I didn't like how I looked, so I decided to make a change. But how was I going to do it? I've tried going to gyms before, and they just don't work for me. I could work out by myself – design my own schedule, or do some exercises on my own every day. I've tried that before, and it gets boring really fast.
So, I decided that I wanted a Wii and that I wanted to get Dance Dance Revolution (DDR). I played it a few times at a friend's house when I was in high school, and I was addicted to it. I remember how much it made you move and how much it made you sweat if you got really into it.
I got the game and immediately started working out – at least one hour a day. Most of the time I danced for longer than that – it was so much fun! I did try to eat better, too, though I couldn't entirely give up junk food. I mostly stopped eating red meat and tried very, very hard not to snack between meals. It only took a couple of months, through the summer and into the fall, and bam! 20 pounds less.
That's the success story. Here's the after story.
I got lazy. I stopped working out because DDR wasn't fun anymore. I was at the point where I was too good for the level I was on and not good enough for the next one. I would get so frustrated when I made one mistake that I would just give up and turn it off (competitive much?). I didn't actually put any more weight on, but I wasn't as active as I was and I definitely wasn't losing any more.
Fast forward to last summer. A friend had the video game Just Dance and I tried it out while I was at her house. It was different from DDR, but it was just as fun. I decided to pick it up for myself and try working out an hour each day. This worked for a while and I actually dropped another 10 pounds.
Then I got lazy again. Double oops. (Actually, in reality, I just got too busy to exercise, what with work and writing and editing and reading and internet and…okay, excuses, but they're valid. Kind of.) The good thing is that I've kept off the 30 pounds that I initially lost. But now it's time to crank up the volume.
If you're keeping up with this blog, you'll know that part of my New Year's Resolutions is to lose another 20 pounds (preferably by summertime). My ROW80 goals include exercising at least half an hour each day. I now have Just Dance 2 and Just Dance 3, as well as DDR: Hottest Party 2. I can switch between the three games and I rarely get bored.
Smaller pants size, here I come!
(P.S. For those of you in ROW80, or those of you with resolutions, who have weight-loss goals – how are you doing it? Do you go to a gym? Exercise each day on your own? Or do you play video games, too? I'm going to review each of the games mentioned above in an upcoming post, and hopefully I'll be able to convince you to give at least one of them a try!)


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Red alert: Sneak denim into every outfit, and you'll always win.
Just ask model Caroline Lowe, who just so happens to be in town for New York Fashion Week. With non-stop castings, dinners, fashion shows and red carpet events on her schedule, looking camera-ready is just part of the job. Thankfully, with a little help from E! News style correspondent and Target Stylist Zanna Roberts Rassi, the model can rely on a few key denim pieces to pull together chic outfits in no time at all.
To see how Caroline rocks off-duty denim, all from Target's new line Universal Thread, keep reading!