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This month, our host Chris from Mele Cotte challenged us with a Filbert Gateau with Praline Buttercream, witch is a fancy way of saying "Hazelnut cake with hazelnut-caramel paste buttercream and covered in chocolate"! The Gateau's original recipe came from Carol Walter's Great Cakes. I decided to use tangerine as company for the hazelnuts on mine, and only did half the recipe.
This cake was a collection of little recipes, so to make it easier let's break it down. To assemble it we will need:
- Hazelnut Genoise
- Sugar Syrup
- Hazelnut Praline Paste
- Swiss Buttercream
- Glaze
- Ganache
Genoise gets it's name form the Italian city of Genoa and it's basicly a sponge cake without any quimical leveaning, that rises only with the air of the beatten eggs. This particular one had hazelnut meal and clarified butter added at the end.
Filbert (hazelnut) & tangerine Genoise
- 1 ½ cups hazelnuts, toasted/skinned
- 2/3 cup cake flour, unsifted
- 2 Tbsp. cornstarch
- 7 large egg yolks
- 1 cup sugar, divided (¼ & ¾ cups)
- 1 tsp. vanilla extract
- ½ tsp. grated tangerine rind
- 5 lg. egg whites
- ¼ cup warm, clarified butter (100 – 110 degrees)
Position rack in the lower 3rd of the oven and preheat to 350 degrees. Grease and flour a 10" X 2" inch round cake pan. Using a food processor, process nuts, cake flour, and cornstarch for about 30 seconds. Then, pulse the mixture about 10 times to get a fine, powdery mixture. You'll know the nuts are ready when they begin to gather together around the sides of the bowl. While you want to make sure there aren't any large pieces, don't over-process. Set aside. Put the yolks in the bowl of an electric mixer, with the whisk attachment, and beat until thick and light in color, about 3-4 minutes on med-high speed. Slowly, add ¾ cup of sugar. It is best to do so by adding a tablespoon at a time, taking about 3 minutes for this step. When finished, the mixture should be ribbony. Blend in the vanilla and grated tangerine rind. Remove and set aside.Place egg whites in a large, clean bowl of the electric mixer with the whisk attachment and beat on medium speed, until soft peaks. Increase to med-high speed and slowly add the remaining ¼ cup of sugar, over 15-20 seconds or so. Continue to beat for another ½ minute. Add the yolk mixture to the whites and whisk for 1 minute. Pour the warm butter in a liquid measure cup or a spouted container. Put the nut meal in a mesh strainer and sprinkle it in about 2 tablespoons at a time – folding it carefully for about 40 folds. Again, work quickly and carefully as to not deflate the mixture. When all but about 2 Tbsp. of nut meal remain, quickly and steadily pour the warm butter over the batter. Then, with the remaining nut meal, fold the batter to incorporate, about 13 or so folds. With a rubber spatula, transfer the batter into the prepared pan, smoothing the surface with the spatula or back of a spoon. Tap the pan on the counter to remove air bubbles and bake in the preheated oven for 30-35 minutes. You'll know the cake is done when it is springy to the touch and it separates itself from the side of the pan. Remove from oven and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Invert onto a cake rack sprayed with nonstick coating, removing the pan. Cool the cake completely.
Tangerine Sugar Syrup
- 1 cup water
- ¼ cup sugar
- 2 Tbsp. tangerine liqueur
In a small, yet heavy saucepan, bring the water and sugar to a boil and simmer for 5 minutes. Remove from heat, add the liqueur. Cool before using on the cake.
Hazelnut Praline Paste
- 1 cup (4 ½ oz.) Hazelnuts, toasted/skinless
- 2/3 cup Sugar
Line a jelly roll pan with parchment and lightly butter. Put the sugar in a heavy 10-inch skillet. Heat on low flame for about 10-20 min until the sugar melts around the edges. Do not stir the sugar. Swirl the pan if necessary to prevent the melted sugar from burning. Brush the sides of the pan with water to remove sugar crystals. If the sugar in the center does not melt, stir briefly. When the sugar is completely melted and caramel in color, remove from heat. Stir in the nuts with a wooden spoon and separate the clusters. Return to low heat and stir to coat the nuts on all sides. Cook until the mixture starts to bubble. Then onto the parchment lined sheet and spread as evenly as possible. As it cools, it will harden into brittle. Break the candied nuts into pieces and place them in the food processor. Pulse into a medium-fine crunch or process until the brittle turns into a powder. To make paste, process for several minutes. Store in an airtight container and store in a cook dry place. Do not refrigerate.
Swiss Buttercream
- 4 lg. egg whites
- ¾ cup sugar
- 1 ½ cups (3 sticks) unsalted butter, slightly firm
- 1 ½ -2 Tbsp. tangerine liqueur
- 1 tsp. vanilla
Place the egg whites in a bowl of a elevtric mixer and beat with the whisk attachment until the whites are foamy and they begin to thicken (just before the soft peak stage). Set the bowl over a saucepan filled with about 2 inches of simmering water, making sure the bowl is not touching the water. Then, whisk in the sugar by adding 1-2 tablespoon of sugar at a time over a minutes time. Continue beating 2-3 minutes or until the whites are warm (about 120 degrees) and the sugar is dissolved. The mixture should look thick and like whipped marshmallows. Remove from pan and with either the paddle or whisk attachment, beat the egg whites and sugar on med-high until its a thick, cool meringue – about 5-7 minutes. Do not overbeat. Set aside. Place the butter in a separate clean mixing bowl and, using the paddle attachment, cream the butter at medium speed for 40-60 seconds, or until smooth and creamy. Do not overbeat or the butter will become too soft. On med-low speed, blend the meringue into the butter, about 1-2 Tbsp. at a time, over 1 minute. Add the liqueur and vanilla and mix for 30-45 seconds longer, until thick and creamy. Refrigerate 10-15 minutes before using.
Now that we have the praline paste and the swiss butercream let's join them to make:
Praline Buttercream
- 1 recipe swiss buttercream
- 1/3 cup praline paste
- 1 ½ - 2 Tbsp. Frangelico liqueur (original asked for Rum)
Blend ½ cup buttercream into the paste, then add to the remaining buttercream. Whip briefly on med-low speed to combine. Blend in liqueur.
As for the Glaze, the original recipe asked for apricot, but we were allowed to use any flavour so I went with tangerine, of course. I've used homemade Tangerine marmelade.
Ganache Glaze
- 6 oz. semisweet or bittersweet chocolate
- 6 oz. (¾ cup) heavy cream
- 1 tbsp. light corn syrup
- 1 Tbsp. tangerine liqueur
- ¾ tsp. vanilla
Blend vanilla and liqueur/rum together and set aside. Break the chocolate into 1-inch pieces and place in the basket of a food processor and pulse until finely chopped. Transfer into a medium sized bowl and set aside. Heat the cream and corn syrup in a saucepan, on low, until it reached a gentle boil. Once to the gently boil, immediately and carefully pour over the chocolate. Leave it alone for one minute, then slowly stir and mix the chocolate and cream together until the chocolate is melted and incorporated into the cream. Carefully blend in vanilla mixture. If the surface seems oily, add ½ - 1 tsp hot water. The glaze will thicken, but should still be pourable.
Now that we have everything we can assemle it: Divide the cake into 3 layers and place the first layer top-side down on the disk. Using a pastry brush, moisten the layer with 3-4 Tbsp. of sugar syrup. Measure out 1 cup of praline buttercream and set aside. Spread the bottom layer with a ¼-inch thickness of the remaining buttercream. Place the middle layer over the first, brush with sugar syrup, spreading with buttercream. Moisten the cut side of the third layer with additional sugar syrup and place cut side down on the cake. Gently, press the sides of the cake to align the layers. Refrigerate to chill for at least 30 minutes.
Holding a serrated or very sharp night with an 8-ich blade held parallel to the sides of the cake, trim the sides so that they are perfectly straight. Cut a slight bevel at the top to help the glaze drip over the edge. Brush the top and sides of the cake with the glaze, sealing the cut areas completely (I've did this with the buttercream as well). Chill while you prepare the ganache.Place a rack over a large shallow pan to catch the ganache drippings. Remove the gateau from the refrigerator and put it the rack. With a metal spatula in hand, and holding the saucepan about 10 inches above the cake, pour the ganache onto the cake's center. Move the spatula over the top of the ganache about 4 times to get a smooth and mirror-like appearance. The ganache should cover the top and run down the sides of the cake. When the ganache has been poured and is coating the cake, lift one side of the rack and bang it once on the counter to help spread the ganache evenly and break any air bubbles. (Work fast before setting starts.) Patch any bare spots on the sides with a smaller spatula, but do not touch the top after the "bang". Let the cake stand at least 15 minutes to set after glazing.
Refrigerate uncovered for 3-4 hours to allow the cake to set. Remove the cake from the refrigerator at least 3 hours before serving.
To garnish it I've used a bit of buttercream, praline powder (before turning into paste) and caramelized hazelnuts.
To do them boil some sugar with a tiny bit of water until it gets a golden color. Remove from the heat and let to cool for a short while until it starts to thicken. Meanwhile inseart a toothpick on the bottom of toasted and skinned hazelnuts and prepare a piece of cardboard that can be suspended to hold the toothpicks and place a paper or cling film under it to catch the caramel drippings. Holding the toothpick dip the hazelnuts into the caramel, pierce on the cardboard upside down and let them set.
As I'm nuts for nuts I liked the cake, the praline was so good that I could have eaten it on it's own (I almost did actually...) and the tangerine was a nice addition I think. But best of all was to bake with all these wonderful people! So what did my fellow Daring Bakers thought about it? Go check it out here! I'll sure visit them when I'm back from my vacation!


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Building Better Health Class (CCPS) (Session 21 of 40)
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text: Slot Okito Box Half Dollar Aluminumby TangoEffectShow 4 coins in your hand; give the coins to be checked. Put the coins inside the box, take the box and let fall the coins in your left hand, close your hand and magically one coin came back to the box. Repeat the movement with the rest of the coins, and one by one, the coins go back to the box.


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text: Back to News Finalists for 2013 Save and Goal of the Year Vote now for 2013 Save and Goal of the Year Voting period will be open from: Jan. 6 – Jan. 13 National winners to be named at US Youth Soccer Awards Gala January 17 Twitter: @USYouthSoccer, live announcement of national winners (#USYSAwards) FRISCO, Texas (January 6, 2014) – After receiving numerous worthy submissions, US Youth Soccer has narrowed the field down to 10 Goal of the Year and 10 Save of the Year official nominees. The soccer community now has the chance to determine the 2013 winners in each category through an online voting process at USYouthSoccer.org beginning on January 6 and ending on January 13 at 12 p.m. CT. >>>VOTE NOW<<< The nomination process was open to any US Youth Soccer player in the Under-6 through Under-18 age groups. After the online voting is closed, the Goal and Save of the Year Awards will be announced at the US Youth Soccer Awards Gala, held in conjunction with the US Youth Soccer Workshop at the NSCAA Convention in Philadelphia. 2013 Top 10 Save of the Year Nominees Name Age Club Hometown Taraneh Khayam Under-15 Girls BRYC Elite Fairfax, Va. Brett Werner Under-13 Boys Patriot FC Philadelphia, Pa. Christina Haberberger Under-17 Girls SLSG Premier Navy St. Louis, Mo. Davis Byrkit Under-18 Boys West Florida Flames Trinity, Fla. Josh Pittser Under-18 Boys Nixa SC Nixa, Mo. Olivia Volpe Under-13 Girls TSCH 01 Beattie Broken Arrow, Okla. Jasmin Toric Under-17 Boys Grand Rapids Crew Jrs. Kentwood, Mich. Justine Odozor Under-18 Boys Raiders FC Chicago, Ill. Molly Monroe Under-14 Girls Eastside FC Sammamish, Wash. Broderick Jones Under-14 Boys Scottsdale Blackhawks Fountain Hills, Ariz. 2013 Top 10 Goal of the Year Nominees Name Age Club Hometown Jenna Kentgen Under-18 Girls Academy United Schaumburg, Ill. Ben Madore Under-8 Boys Pipeline SC Fallston, Md. Jake DePaoli Under-11 Boys Sound Beach Strikers Shoreham, N.Y. Lauren Buck Under-14 Girls Herndon United Oak Hill, Va. Ava Ambrose Under-19 Girls LSC EGA Bravo Omaha, Neb. Camden Harrigan Under-12 Boys BGYSA Harrisville, R.I. Bryan Perez Under-13 Boys Pateadores Los Angeles, Calif. Kelly Novak Under-18 Girls Cleveland United Strongsville, Ohio Musa Morris Under-16 Boys CCV Stars Peoria, Ariz. Emmanuel Dapaa Under-16 Boys Ohio Premier Gahanna, Ohio For more information about attending the 2014 US Youth Soccer Workshop at the NSCAA Convention, held in Philadelphia, Jan. 15-19, 2014, please visit https://www.usyouthsoccer.org/workshop/nscaa/.


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Or they could put a tip jar in everyones pockets?
Why don't you run for president?
Better to put on a "Buy Me!" button and hold closed fundraisers with rich corporate types, like Ryan did in my town yesterday?
Uh yeah everyone on both sides already does that.
They could have a staffer standing on the front porch ringing a bell…
They've already requested that wedding registries etc. be directed to them. I am unfortunately not kidding: http://www.barackobama.com/news/entry/the-obama-event-registry
… desperation.


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Record your progress each time you visit the site and review your previous work.
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In the play "Farragut North," directed by Reggie Law and now playing at the Oak Ridge Playhouse, five of the seven actors embody the roles of political animals. That is the good news. That is also the bad news!
In the play "Farragut North," directed by Reggie Law and now playing at the Oak Ridge Playhouse, five of the seven actors embody the roles of political animals. That is the good news. That is also the bad news!
You cannot judge these characters by their sense of decency or their "mature" language. You can judge them only by their power plays and dirty tricks. All of which is to say that Beau Willimon's classic tale about manipulative politicians is familiar stuff in a contemporary landscape. Willimon's award-winning play is loosely based on Vermont Gov. Howard Dean's 2004 Democratic campaign for president. Willimon knows his subject well, having worked on several Democratic campaigns, including those of Chuck Schumer, Hilary Clinton and Bill Bradley. The play received further mileage in the movie "The Ides of March," starring George Clooney and Ryan Gosling.
Willimon tells us his play is "more about the games people play on the campaign trail than about issues." The spectators' treat is to watch the bad choices and moral sacrifices made by hard-driven characters. We are most grateful when their dialogue occasionally detours into interesting philosophical territory. Speaking of dialogue, the four letter words punish the air as surely as the characters punish disloyalty.
Reggie Law's stage is back-dropped with attractive red, white and blue panels, and since the scenes take place in several locations, the actors and stage props appear on movable platforms. It is a very smooth process — somewhat like a staged chess game. The musical interludes are perfect choices. They actually sounded sassy, provocative and glib, somewhat like the characters themselves. Kendel Overholt (sound), David Zannucci (technical director) and Liana Miracle (stage manager) please take a bow.
Brilliant Stephen is probably the smartest press secretary around despite his young age. When we meet him he is in a bar bragging about how he always stays several steps ahead of the opposition. Embodied superbly by Mark Jennings, Stephen is already plotting a deal with Ida, a VIP reporter for the New York Times. We sense immediately that Ashly Goodwin's Ida is not going to make any deal that does not benefit her. When she leaves for New York, she leaves behind an air of confidence. We know this smart lady will be back with a plan.
Now we meet Stephen's boss Paul who is a campaign manager in a troubled presidential race. Tony Cedeno, an always in character actor, pitches Paul's performance just right — part vulnerable and part cocky. Cedeno knows how to savor a good acting moment. Drew Barksdale is wonderful as the eager and fast-learning young upstart Ben. Make room for the attractive intern Molly, played winsomely by attractive Jackie Kallister. Virginia Baldwin outfits Kallister in casual chic. Neat!
Joseph Jaynes is marvelous as the competition's savvy campaign manager. He has some soul sucking lines that will jolt you awake. There are two more characters who appear to be normal. Gene Spejewski is one of them, and as always does a great job in his cameo role of Frank. And guess who actually touches on some issues? No, it is not Joe the plumber, but David the waiter, well done by David Zannucci.
The play benefits from Law's good direction and some interesting pithy talk, shocking revelations, and plot turns. But its main purpose seems to be to show a fusion of political stereotypes we might meet on any campaign trail. If you are suffering from election withdrawal, "Farragut North" should get you all fired up and ready to go again.


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Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, is a treatable condition that typically causes extreme swings in mood, thought, energy, and behavior. There can often be periods of normal mood between episodes. Bipolar disorder is a medical problem and is not caused by personal weakness or a character flaw.
The mood swings associated with bipolar disorder are different from the average ups and downs experienced in everyday life. In severe cases, bipolar disorder can be associated with psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, or thought disorganization. These symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. When treated appropriately, people with this condition can lead full and productive lives.
Bipolar disorder affects an estimated 2%-3% of American adults (18 years and older). The condition typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, some people have their first symptoms during childhood, and some develop symptoms late in life. Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that must be carefully managed by a medical professional throughout a person's life.
The cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it tends to run in families. Specific genes may play a role, but it is not caused by one single gene. Additional factors, including stressors at home, work, or school, are believed to be involved in its onset.
People with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for suicide, substance abuse, and high-risk behaviors such as reckless driving and sexual promiscuity. Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, tend to occur at a higher rate in people with bipolar disorder.What are the risk factors for bipolar disorder?What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?What are the treatments for bipolar disorder?Are there screening tests for bipolar disorder?How can I reduce my risk of bipolar disorder?What questions should I ask my doctor?What is it like to live with bipolar disorder?Where can I get more information about bipolar disorder?
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Rimas Lukas, MD
- Review Date: 09/2016 -
- Update Date: 09/17/2014 -


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State fire marshal speaks out against fire code amendment
02/27/2013 7:54amA bill that would amend the state fire code passed the state House Monday and has put the state fire marshal in a "tough spot."
Fire on USU campus causes $25K in damage
02/27/2013 8:25amA fire in the basement of a building on Utah State University's campus Tuesday night could have been much worse if not for the modern fire sprinkler system that was installed.
Couple loses $1K in mystery shopping scam
02/27/2013 9:00amFor those looking to make a a few extra bucks getting a job as a mystery shopper, beware that many of the opportunities might be scams.
Cache Valley residents rally for better air
02/27/2013 9:35amThe Cache Valley has the dubious distinction of having some of the worst air quality in the country this winter. Concerned citizens rallied at the county courthouse Tuesday night with hopes of inspiring change.
Remains ID'd of Idaho woman missing since 1988
02/27/2013 9:42amInvestigators have identified the remains of an Idaho woman who went missing in 1988.
City officials face questions after Cayman Islands account mention
02/27/2013 9:57amEagle Mountain city officials are facing questions and concerns from residents about a Cayman Islands account containing $2.5 million.
The next big start-up
02/27/2013 10:15amThe future of David Greenholtz' company comes down to just 10 minutes — a 10-minute answer to one question: Why should someone give Greenholtz $1 million?
Victims of inmate phone scam still trying to pick up pieces
02/27/2013 10:29amThe victims of an elaborate phone scheme devised by inmates at the Davis County Jail are dealing with the lasting consequences of the crime.
Former BYU football star inspired by Utah boy's courageous fight
02/27/2013 10:42amA remarkable boy embarking on life's final journey has captured hearts all over the world, including that of a former BYU football player.
Q&A: What happens next at the Vatican?
02/27/2013 11:15amA host of questions remain following Pope Benedict XVI's decision to step down. So what happens next at the Vatican? Religion News Service created a primer on what happens next before the selection of a new pope.
Medicaid expansion brings mixed feelings from Utahns
02/27/2013 12:08pmThe federal government has a plan to expand health care for low-income Utahns, but the state Senate has yet to commit to agree to the Medicaid expansion.
Attorney had sex with teen girl, police say
02/27/2013 2:05pmA Utah defense attorney has been charged with having sex with a minor.
Opinion: The future of higher ed and the emergence of MOOCs
02/27/2013 3:03pmUniversities are rapidly approaching the tipping point currently redefining journalism: innovate or disintegrate. Indeed, at a time when student debt is skyrocketing, for-profit universities are gaining traction and approximately one third of U.S. students have already taken an online course, a shift in higher education is inevitable.
Suspected Brigham City bank robber nabbed after short chase
02/27/2013 3:25pmAn Ogden man was arrested Tuesday after police say he robbed a Main Street bank, stole a getaway vehicle at gunpoint and crashed as he attempted to escape.
In small town, citizens and other agencies big help for police
02/27/2013 4:21pmA small town in Northern Utah managed a busy day for emergency responders with the help of multiple agencies and citizens, police said.
Ex-teacher pleads guilty to sexually abusing 2 students
02/27/2013 4:38pmA former private school instructor and coach accused of having sexual relationships with two female students has pleaded guilty to reduced charges.
2 people, dogs escape large home fire
02/27/2013 5:21pmTwo people and two dogs were able to escape a fire that completely destroyed their home Wednesday.
Man arrested for allegedly targeting teen girls on social website
02/27/2013 5:43pmA man has been arrested after allegedly targeting female minors by posing as a teenager on a social media website.
New TRAX line to airport could affect taxi businesses
02/27/2013 7:02pmThe TRAX line to the airport is just two months away from completion and Salt Lake taxi cab companies are wondering what the new project will mean for their business.
Utah knife maker one of best in the world
02/27/2013 8:01pmSteve Johnson is a knife maker from Manti, Utah whose work is known around the world. His knives are so in demand that there is a two to three year waiting list to get one.
Charges filed in meth bust worth millions
02/27/2013 8:33pmThree men have been charged in connection with a drug bust that netted 40 pounds of methamphetamine in Salt Lake City worth millions of dollars.
'It's a bittersweet day,' says SLC bishop of pope's resignation
02/27/2013 8:39pmAs Pope Benedict XVI made his final appearance on Wednesday, faithful Catholics everywhere prepare for a new leader.
Body of woman found at Riverdale construction site identified
02/27/2013 8:55pmThe body of a woman discovered Wednesday by a worker at a construction site has been identified, according to police.
Woman loses thousands of dollars in fake diamond scam
02/27/2013 9:00pmPolice say a woman who used a fake diamond to swindle another woman out of thousands of dollars has struck a second time, this time with an accomplice.
Utah reps. frustrated at potential $85B federal budget cuts
02/27/2013 9:08pmUtah's congressional delegation reacted strongly Wednesday to the looming sequester deadline that would trigger $85 billion in automatic cuts to the federal budget.
Utah gun permits easy to obtain for inexperienced shooters
02/27/2013 10:14pmIf you went to a concealed weapons permit class, in about four hours you'd have all the training you need to be issued a permit. Actually shooting a gun or even holding it is not a requirement.
BYU honors footballer who protected girl from bullies
02/27/2013 10:36pmAn Arizona high school quarterback who protected a fellow student from bullies was in Provo Wednesday to be honored for his actions.
UHP proposes solutions after record number of troopers hit
02/27/2013 10:44pmSixteen Utah Highway Patrol troopers have been hit while helping motorists on the side of the road since the start of 2013, and UHP is trying to figure out how to stop the count from rising.
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As Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles reported today on Morning Edition, meat has more of an impact on the environment than any other food we eat. That's because livestock require so much more food, water, land, and energy than plants to raise and transport. (Listen to the audio above for their conversation with Morning Edition's Linda Wertheimer.)
Take a look here at what goes into just one quarter-pound of hamburger meat.
And that's not even including the animal's waste or the methane emissions from its digestion.
But there are fewer cows around than there were in the 1970s.
In the meantime, though, farmers and scientists have found ways to get more meat out of every cow. So even though cattle inventory has dropped, the U.S. is still producing more beef now than in the 1970s.
And if you look at the past century, meat consumption overall in the U.S. has risen dramatically. It's only in the past few years that it has begun to drop a bit.
Though meat consumption in the U.S. has dropped off slightly in recent years, at 270.7 pounds per person a year, we still eat more meat per person here than in almost any other country on the planet. Only the Luxumbourgers eat more meat than we do.
As U.S. beef consumption began to decline in the 1970s, poultry began to rise quickly. A couple of years ago, chicken surpassed beef as our No. 1 meat of choice. Our consumption of pork has also risen slightly over the years.
All this week, we've been talking about meat: our long history as meat eaters, why Americans eat so much of it and whether it's good for us.
We've also heard from a lot of you on this topic. Some of you love meat. Some of you don't. On Twitter, people have been coming up with ideas for a MORNING EDITION meat week theme song.
WERTHEIMER: And as you'll hear their new takes on old favorites.
WERTHEIMER: That was Greg Johnson's suggestion: "Steak, Waddle and Roll."
MONTAGNE: Someone calling himself Guy Writer offered up "Loin on Me," and Twitter handle NPRMommy came up with "Another One Bites the Duck" and "Thunder Oats."
WERTHEIMER: There's also "I'm in a New York Steak of Mind" from Jennifer at City Seeds.
MONTAGNE: Jason Eschelman(ph) suggests "Liver Let Die." And thanks to Tiny Timblentot(ph) for really making us groan with "I Wanna Hold Your Ham."
WERTHEIMER: On a more serious note, many listeners have also raised the topic of the environmental costs of eating meat.
MONTAGNE: So here's a question: Is eating meat gobbling up too many resources?
WERTHEIMER: Here to talk about this are NPR's food correspondents Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles. Welcome.
ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE: Hi there, Linda.
DAN CHARLES, BYLINE: Nice to be here.
WERTHEIMER: So, Dan, could you we start with you? Why would meat have more of an impact on the environment than any other food?
CHARLES: Well, it's really pretty simple. Let's say you have a farm, and you can use the land on your farm to grow crops that people eat directly: vegetables, wheat that you might use to make bread, some beans, some nuts, some fruit. Or you can grow crops that you don't eat directly. You feed them to animals: corn, hay, soybeans.
So after you feed them to animals, you slaughter them and you eat their meat. But the problem is your cattle have to eat 20 or 30 pounds of feed to put a pound of steak on their bones. The rest of it - I know you don't really want to hear this first thing in the morning - but it goes straight through and into the animal waste. Chickens are a lot more efficient. They turn two or three pounds of feed into meat. Pigs are somewhere in between.
WERTHEIMER: But Dan, isn't that animal waste a problem, especially on industrial farms and its impact on the environment? It's costly to get rid of?
CHARLES: Right. It is a problem. I mean, the idea is if you concentrate the animals, you also concentrate their waste. And then it's a big problem. It can pollute the water. It can also pollute the air. But the basic problem is just how much land and how many crops it takes to produce all the meat. And when you add it up, the total impact on the planet is quite huge. A third of all the crops that people grow all across the world go to feeding animals.
And so what that means is farmers in Brazil have been clearing huge areas of grassland and forests to grow soybeans to satisfy demand in China and in Europe. It's one cause of deforestation, global warming, water pollution, a lot of environmental problems.
WERTHEIMER: So it takes more land. I suppose it takes more of everything: fertilizer, water for irrigation.
AUBREY: Yes, water. Exactly. When we think of water conservation and our own personal water use, we tend to think of what's used to flush our toilets, run our dishwashers, our showers. But about two-thirds of the water used on this planet is used in agriculture.
And when you consider how much water it takes to grow the grain, to feed the cows, to produce the beef, the figures are really a bit staggering. I mean, it's hard to imagine what a ton of water looks like, right? So I asked the folks at the Pacific Institute a few years back to help come up with a way to visualize this.
So, think about your own bathtub. You'd have to fill it 140,000 times. I mean, that's far more than you'd fill it in a lifetime, right? That's how much water it takes to produce one ton of beef. And if you break this down to an individual quarter-pound hamburger, it works out to be about 53 gallons of water for one burger. Now, producing chicken is much less water-intensive because smaller animals require less grain.
WERTHEIMER: So, what about grass-fed beef? Is that better? Is that worse?
CHARLES: Well, it depends. You can graze animals. You can graze cattle on land where you wouldn't easily grow crops - on hillsides, for instance. So that's great for the environment. You can get some food from that land in an environmentally friendly way, if you don't overdo it. It's not like there's a lot of unused land out there available to graze more animals. And if you converted cornfields back into pasture to graze those animals, you'd end up producing less meat, not more.
WERTHEIMER: So what happens then? Meat consumption goes up fast in places like China, and even India. What happens with the global environment, with more and more people eating more meat?
AUBREY: Well, you know, this is a really tough question. In some places, there are probably ways to grow more crops on the same amount of land, using better seeds or better farming techniques, and this could help. But there are lots of people who look at this and say, look. The planet just can't handle all this increasing demand for meat, not with nine billion people on the planet by mid-century.
WERTHEIMER: So there will have to be shifts in what we eat. I suppose part of that might be controlled by health and part of it by cost.
AUBREY: That's right, yeah. Shifts - I mean, particularly less reliance on grain-fed beef. Now, one thing you point out is health. What's pushing us in this direction a bit already is that, you know, here in the U.S., there is a push for a healthier diet. Health experts recommend limiting red meat consumption to no more than two to three small portions per week. And we hear this from all corners - from researchers, from doctors, from the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society. You know, the list goes on and on.
And as you point out, the other big factor here is price. I mean, in some places around the world, if water becomes scarce, irrigation becomes more expensive. That drives up prices. Here at home over the last couple of years, we've already seen the price of animal feed go up, and consequently the price of meat has gone up quite a bit, too. And for the first time in 50 years, this means people are eating less meat. I mean, red meat consumption is down significantly, and even total meat consumption is down.
WERTHEIMER: NPR's Allison Aubrey and NPR's Dan Charles. Thank you both very much.
AUBREY: Thank you, Linda.
CHARLES: Thank you.
WERTHEIMER: Meat week continues tomorrow with a look at the small farmers who raise cattle and the big companies that process them.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: We have to record about as much information on those calves when they're born as what a human baby has to have collected. We have to give them the same identifying number as what their mother has, which is an ear tag. And we have to weigh them. We have to measure how tall they are.
WERTHEIMER: For more on how we became such a nation of meat eaters, go to npr.org and check out our food blog, the Salt.
MONTAGNE: And you're listening to this program through your local public radio station. And you can continue following us through social media. We're on Facebook and Twitter, along with many of our reporters and hosts. You can find us, among other places, @MORNINGEDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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The Amazing Spider-Man
The Amazing Spider-Man would prefer if you didn't call it the fourth Spider-Man movie. See, this ain't the Spider-Man your older brother knew from ten years ago it's a reboot. The latest adventure to feature the comic book webslinger throws three movies worth of established mythology straight out the window, swapping the original cast with an ensemble of fresh faces and resetting the franchise with a spiffy new origin story. "New" in the loosest sense of the word the highlights of ASM, mainly a sleek new design and spunky reinterpretation of Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) and gal pal Gwen Stacey (Emma Stone), are weighed down by overpowering sense of familiarity. Nearly a beat for beat replica of the 2002 original with some irksome twists of mystery thrown in, Amazing Spider-Man fails to evolve its hero or his quarrels. The film has a great sense of cinematic power, but little responsibility in making it interesting.
We're first introduced to Peter Parker as a young boy, watching as his parents rush out of the house in response to a hidden danger. Mr. and Mrs. Parker leave their son in the care of his Aunt May (Sally Fields) and Uncle Ben (Martin Sheen), who raise him into Andrew Garfield's geeky cool spin on the character. Parker's a science whiz but faces the challenges of every day life passing classes, talking to girls, the occasional jock with aggression issues but all of life's woes are put on hold when the teen discovers a new clue in the mystery behind his parents' disappearance. The discovery of his dad's old briefcase and notes leads Peter to Dr. Curt Connors (Rhys Ifans), a scientist working for mega-conglomerate Oscorp and his Dad's old partner. When they cross paths, Connors instantly takes a liking to the wunderkind, and loops him into the work he started with his father: replicating the regeneration abilities of lizards in amputee humans (Connors is driven to reform his own missing arm). But when Parker wanders into Oscorp's room full of spiders (a sloppily explained this-needs-to-be-here-for-this-to-happen device), he receives his legendary spider bite that transforms him into the hero we know.
Director Marc Webb (500 Days of Summer) desperately wants Amazing Spider-Man to work as a high school relationship movie, but with the burden of massive amounts of plot and mythology to introduce, the movie sags under the sheer volume of stuff. Stone turns Parker's object of affection, Gwen Stacey, into a three-dimensional character. Whenever they happen upon each other, an awkward exchange in the hallway, a flirtatious back-and-forth in the Oscorp lab (where Stacey is head intern), or when the two finally begin a romantic relationship, the two stars shine. They're vivid characters chopped to bits in the editing room, diluted by boring, franchise-building plot threads and routine action sequences. Seriously, Amazing Spider-Man, another mad scientist villain who uses himself as a test subject only to become a monster? And another bridge rescue scene? Amazing Spider-Man desperately wants to disconnect from the original trilogy, but it's trapped in an inescapable shadow and does nothing radical to shake things up. Instead, it settles for the same old same old while preparing for inevitable sequels instead of investing in its dynamic duo.
There's a sweet spot where the film really hits his stride. After discovering his spider-abilities, Peter hits the streets for the first time. He's superhuman, but still a headstrong teen, full of obnoxious quips and close calls with shiv-wielding thugs. The action is slick, small and playful, Webb showing us something new by melding his indie sensibilities with big scale action. If only it lasted the introduction of Ifans reptilian half, The Lizard, implodes Amazing Spider-Man into incomprehensible blockbuster chaos. A gargantuan beast wreaking havoc around New York City promises King Kong-like escapades for the friendly neighborhood Spider-Man, but the lizard man has other plans: to rule the world! Or something. Whatever it takes to get Lizard and Spider-Man fighting on the top of a skyscraper over a doomsday machine logic be damned.
Amazing Spider-Man peppers its banal foundation with great talent, from Denis Leary as Gwen's wickedly funny dad and the police captain hunting down Spider-Man, to Fields and Sheen as two loving adults in Peter's life, to Garfield and Stone, whose chemistry demands a follow-up for the sake of seeing them reunited. But it's all at the cost of putting on the most expensive recreation of all time with new demands imposed by the success Marvel's other properties (except, that franchise teasing worked). Amazing Spider-Man introduces too many ideas that go nowhere, undermining the actual threat at hand. No one wants to be unfulfilled, but that's the overriding difference between the original movie and the update. You need to pay for the sequel to know what the heck is going on in this one.


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Faculty & Staff
Loyola law professors are women and men from diverse personal and legal backgrounds. Many hold advanced legal degrees such as the LLM or SJD; some also have advanced degrees in business, health sciences, and other disciplines. Balancing their commitment to teaching, Loyola law professors also contribute to the legal community through extensive publishing and research. Most of Loyola's faculty members have had substantial experience in private practice or in government prior to their teaching careers. Some choose to continue to pursue legal practice on behalf of indigent clients. In recent years, Loyola professors have appeared before the Illinois and U.S. Supreme Courts and, through pro bono work, some have settled major corporate cases. Students have the opportunity to earn credit while participating with faculty in some of these cases, and gain a better understanding of the ethical and professional obligations of attorneys toward their clients.
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Divided planning commission OKs economic analysis
Commissioners Martin Chroust-Masin, Remy Drabkin and Charles Hillestad had enough reservations about the document to vote against it.
Supporting the analysis were John Tiedge, Erica Thomas, Jack Morgan and Wendy Stassens. They argued that the EOA was not itself a planning document, and that the issues of concern should be raised later, when the EOA is used to create planning documents.
Tiedge also argued that the advisory committee had spent a number of hours examining the issues, and said he did not believe the commissioners had sufficient information to make changes to the committee's work.
Commission chair Frank Butler participated in the discussion, but did not vote, since there was no tie to break.
The vote followed an extended discussion about whether to alter the document or approve it as-is. Commissioners differed less on the issues themselves than on the question of whether to address them in the EOA document.
Chroust-Masin said it is important for the EOA document to include a commitment to protecting the Highway 18 bypass.
Funding for the EOA came from a development company seeking to rezone a large parcel along the bypass from industrial to commercial us in order to build a major shopping center. City officials have stressed that consultants engaged on the project provide independent, third-party analysis of city land use situations.
Hillstad concurred with EOA advisory committee member Mark Davis that the "connotatively loaded" word "leakage" — referring to people leaving the county to shop — needed to be removed from the document. Hillstad argued that the document seems to favor commercial over industrial development, despite its lower wages.
"The attractive thing about McMinnville compared to a lot of other towns, said Hillstad, "is that it does still have some industrial," higher-wage jobs.
Drabkin argued that the document had "a large oversight" in failing to discuss the economic opportunities posed by the airport, which she said could and should be further developed. She cited possibilities such as creating a courier hub to the Portland International Airport, or attracting cargo carriers.
Four people testified about the document — one a representative of the funding development company, two members of the advisory committee and a member of the public.
In other business, the commission amended its permitted uses to comply with new state laws, and added "tasting room" as a permitted use in industrial zones. Those changes passed unanimously.


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Physical Maps
World Physical Map
By Maps.com
page last updated on September 26, 2011
Introduction :: World
Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating world wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology, from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) to the landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about the environment, including loss of forests, shortages of energy and water, the decline in biological diversity, and air pollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820, to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1988, and 6 billion in 2000. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war).
Geography :: World
Geographic overview:
The surface of the earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large water bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.
The land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).
North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.
Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a "land mass" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.
Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.
Map references:
Physical Map of the World , Standard Time Zones of the World
510.072 million sq km
148.94 million sq km
361.132 million sq km
70.9% of the world's surface is water, 29.1% is land
Area - comparative:
land area about 16 times the size of the US
top fifteen World Factbook entities ranked by size:
Pacific Ocean 155.557 million sq km; Atlantic Ocean 76.762 million sq km; Indian Ocean 68.556 million sq km; Southern Ocean 20.327 million sq km; Russia 17,098,242 sq km; Arctic Ocean 14.056 million sq km; Antarctica 14 million sq km; Canada 9,984,670 sq km; United States 9,826,675 sq km; China 9,596,961 sq km; Brazil 8,514,877 sq km; Australia 7,741,220 sq km; European Union 4,324,782 sq km; India 3,287,263 sq km; Argentina 2,780,400 sq km
top ten largest islands:
Greenland 2,166,086 sq km; New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) 785,753 sq km; Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia) 751,929 sq km; Madagascar 587,713 sq km; Baffin Island (Canada) 507,451 sq km; Sumatra (Indonesia) 472,784 sq km; Honshu (Japan) 227,963 sq km; Victoria Island (Canada) 217,291 sq km; Great Britain (United Kingdom) 209,331 sq km; Ellesmere Island (Canada) 196,236 sq km
Land boundaries:
the land boundaries in the world total 251,060 km (not counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia, each border 14 other countries
46 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked
356,000 km
95 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
Maritime claims:
a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm
a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates
the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
Natural resources:
the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in some countries of Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address
Land use:
arable land:
permanent crops:
88.39% (2005)
Irrigated land:
3,245,566 sq km (2008 est.)
Natural hazards:
large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)
the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy)
Environment - current issues:
large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion; global warming becoming a greater concern
Geography - note:
the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13.75-billion-year age estimated for the universe
People :: World
6,928,198,253 (July 2011 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
26.3% (male 944,987,919/female 884,268,378)
15-64 years:
65.9% (male 2,234,860,865/female 2,187,838,153)
65 years and over:
7.9% (male 227,164,176/female 289,048,221) (2011 est.)
Median age:
28.4 years
27.7 years
29 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.092% (2011 est.)
Birth rate:
19.15 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate:
8.12 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
urban population:
50.5% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:
1.85% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
ten largest urban agglomerations:
Tokyo (Japan) - 36,669,000; Delhi (India) - 22,157,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 20,262,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,041,000; Mexico City (Mexico) - 19,460,000; New York-Newark (US) - 19,425,000; Shanghai (China) - 16,575,000; Kolkata (India) - 15,552,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 14,648,000; Karachi (Pakistan) - 13,125,000 (2009)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.79 male(s)/female
total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
41.61 deaths/1,000 live births
43.52 deaths/1,000 live births
39.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
67.07 years
65.21 years
69.05 years (2011 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.46 children born/woman (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.8% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
33.3 million (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
1.8 million (2009 est.)
Drinking water source:
urban: 96% of population
rural: 78% of population
total: 87% of population
urban: 4% of population
rural: 22% of population
total: 13% of population (2008)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 76% of population
rural: 45% of population
total: 61% of population
urban: 24% of population
rural: 55% of population
total: 39% of population (2008)
Christian 33.35% (of which Roman Catholic 16.83%, Protestant 6.08%, Orthodox 4.03%, Anglican 1.26%), Muslim 22.43%, Hindu 13.78%, Buddhist 7.13%, Sikh 0.36%, Jewish 0.21%, Baha'i 0.11%, other religions 11.17%, non-religious 9.42%, atheists 2.04% (2009 est.)
Mandarin Chinese 12.44%, Spanish 4.85%, English 4.83%, Arabic 3.25%, Hindi 2.68%, Bengali 2.66%, Portuguese 2.62%, Russian 2.12%, Japanese 1.8%, Standard German 1.33%, Javanese 1.25% (2009 est.)
percents are for "first language" speakers only; the six UN languages - Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Spanish (Castilian), and Russian - are the mother tongue or second language of about half of the world's population, and are the official languages in more than half the states in the world
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005-09 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
11 years
11 years
11 years (2008)
Education expenditures:
4.4% of GDP (2007)
Full Statistical Information for this World Physical Map
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The midweek blog is always an interesting one to write because I'm never quite sure what to put in it. The Monday and Friday blogs are easy because we either have events to preview or events to review. Neither Kirksville High School basketball team has played yet this week, the Truman State basketball teams are in Topeka for games against Washburn on Wednesday and Missouri is home to face Georgia, I'll have more on that later. I thought we would cover a couple of things today and then present some random musings on things that have happened over the past couple of weeks that we haven't had the time or space to cover.
First, the Truman State wrestling team has another home meet on Wednesday as they face Central Missouri State who always seem to bring a good team in here every year. The Truman State wrestling team features two wrestlers from Kirksville with outsanding records so I would encourage everyone to get out and support the Truman State wrestling team.
The Kirksville High School wrestling team defeated a tough Marshall team on Tuesday night and will next be in action this weekend at the Platte County tournament.
Welcome to the SEC Missouri: tonight's game with Georgia is not on TV locally and doesn't appear to even be on Dish Network. The game is available in the St. Louis and Kansas City area but neither satellite provider appears to have picked up the game. I don't get it: Missouri's exhibition games are even on TV, why isn't a conference game? There are six million channels on Dish Network and games between teams I have literally never heard of are on but not Missouri's game at home against Georgia. Perhaps if Missouri hadn't wasted valuable airtime last Saturday playing like they did against Mississippi then their game with Georgia would be on. Incedentally, have you ever taken the time to write Mississippi on a computer keyboard? It's really fun, you should try it. Mississippi, Mississippi, Mississippi!!!!! Maybe there is something good about Missouri joining the SEC, they will play Mississippi every year.
The Kansas City Chiefs now have a new coach and a new general manager, all they need is a new offense and they will be in business. I recently heard an interview with Andy Reid where he said they would first look internally to see if there was an answer to their quarterback needs, let me help you out there Andy: the answer to the Chiefs quarterback needs will not be found internally. In fact, the person who answers the phone is more qualified to be the Chiefs quarterback than anyone you currently have under contract. The answer to the Chiefs quarterback needs will either be found through the draft or bia free agency or trade, don't waste your time looking at what you have because you don't have anything.
The NHL season finally gets underway this weekend with what apparently will be a 48 game schedule with the last game being on April 27. This means that by the time the have the playoffs the Stanley Cup finals won't begin until probably mid June at the earliest. This of course means that if the Phoenix Coyotes were to make the Stanley Cup finals they would be playing ice hockey inside while it was 125 degrees outside. It will be interesting to see how fans react to the NHL as the lockout went on long enough they may have very well found other things to do with their entertainment dollar and may not be as willing to part with them for a NHL game as they used to be.
I am not the world's biggest NBA fan but I have to say I really enjoy watching the Oklahoma City Thunder play. Oklahoma City really lucked out when the Seattle Super Sonics relocated to Oklahoma City because although they were horrible when they first got there it wasn't like the Thunder were an expansion team. They were simply in a massive rebuilding phase and rebuild they did. From what little NBA I have seen so far this year the Thunder are far and away the best team.
Another interesting thing about this year's NBA season has been the changing of the guard so to speak in Los Angeles. Los Angeles has typically been the Lakers town and the Clippers were just there but that has changed in a major way. The Clippers have totally taken over the hearts and minds of LA and are right there with the Thunder as one of the best teams in the NBA. The Lakers are old, slow, and either can't or won't play defense and are really an embarrassment to themselves right now.
Last week the voters for the baseball hall of fame chose to not elect any new members for the first time in many years. The three people who were most likely to be elected were all accused of or admitted to using performance enhancing drugs. You know what's really sad about this: in at least two of the cases they almost surely could have gotten in on ability alone. When Barry Bonds was playing for the Pittsburgh Pirates he was one of the best all around players in the game and was putting up Hall of Fame numbers not by hitting home runds but by stealing bases, getting on base, and fielding. Yes, Bonds was one of the best defensive outfielders of the game at one point and it wasn't until later in his career as the injuries started to pile up that he became a one demmentional power hitter who relied on simply crushing the ball. It would be interesting to know at what point he started to take performance enhancing substances which of course he has never publicly admitted to doing. However, given the massive changes his appearance and his hitting underwent it's pretty clear what happened. The same can be said for Roger Clemens who again has never admitted to using performance enhancing substances. I don't think he used them his whole career assuming he used them at all. I think that if he did use them it was later in his career when he quite honestly should have retired but continued to want to pitch and needed help to do it as his body and most certainly his arm began to wear out. Both players could have stayed clean and almost certainly made the Baseball Hall of Fame.
I used to be a Lance Armstrong fan, I even once told someone that I thought he was one of the greatest athletes of our generation. Not only did he win the Tour de France seven times but he overcame cancer and anyone who battles cancer automatically goes to hero status in my mind whether they win the battle or not. I thought that Armstrong was not only an exceptional athlete but also someone who was an inspiration to others and an example of the perserverance of the human spirit. When stories of his alleged taking of performance enhancing substances first started to surface I simply shrugged them off. I felt they were coming from people who simply weren't good enough to beat him. He was better than they were and they couldn't deal with it. However, those stories continued to persist and I began to wonder if maybe there could be some truth to them. I know very little about what it takes to be a successful bicycle racer other than knowing it is a very physically demanding sport. Armstrong said he didn't do it and we all wanted to believe him. How could this ispirational hero who was so incredibly gifted possibly do something like that? His admission to Oprah that he did in fact dope is a slap in the face to more than just the riders who he competed against but also to those of us who believed in him. Lance Armstrong has now gone from being one of the greatest and most inspirational athletes of this generation to being nothing more than a boy riding a bicycle. Shame on you Lance! As far as your statement that you just want to put all this behind you and move on, life doesn't work that way. This will haunt you for the rest of your life. I would also like to know why Oprah could get him to come clean and nobody else could. For the sake of baseball let's have Oprah interview Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire and put this whole steroid thing to rest. We'll be back on Friday with a look ahead to this weekends AFC and NFC championship games and all the other weekend sport action. Thanks for taking the time and making the effort so support this blog and I hope you will do the same for all the blogs on this site.
Have a terrific Wednesday!


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The Rex Burkhead of Womens Basketball
Randy York's N-Sider Blog
The Official Blog of the Huskers
Before we begin, please understand today's N-Sider is a history lesson, a geography challenge and a supreme compliment all rolled into one. This blog ties two well respected Husker walk-ons – offensive lineman Brodrick Nickens and basketball guard Mike Peltz with Jordan Hooper, one of the hottest Division I women's basketball players in the country.
It's a history lesson because all three current Nebraska student-athletes and three former Husker student-athletes – women's basketball legend Amy Stephens, men's twice Academic All-Big 12 basketball center Tony Wilbrand and Randy Borg, a walk-on who succeeded Johnny Rodgers as Nebraska's punt returner – are all linked with one of the nation's most popular Super Bowl commercials through Paul Harvey. We'll explain that later, but let's get to that supreme compliment before "the rest of the story" – our personal tribute to Harvey's unique style and renowned tagline.
When Nickens came out of NU's strength complex Tuesday, we chatted a bit about another stellar Hooper performance last night against Iowa on BTN and how the Alliance native is on such a roll that she's earned back-to-back Big Ten Conference Player-of-the-Week honors. No one appreciates that kind of recognition as much as Nickens, whose sister was a friend of Hooper's in high school.
"I love it when someone who grew up on a ranch in the middle of the Nebraska Sandhills shows the world what she can do," Nickens said. "So many people think Nebraska starts in Omaha and ends somewhere around Kearney, and that just isn't true. I just feel there's a work ethic out there in the Panhandle that's as good as anywhere, and Jordan is proof of that work ethic. She's quiet, very quiet. She's unique. She's a different person, but a really good person. I've tried to think about someone she reminds me of, and I would say, to me, she's The Rex Burkhead of Women's Basketball. She just does everything possible to get better every day. She's a really, really, really good person, and what you see is what you get. She's as honest as they come."
A year ago, we wrote an N-Sider describing how Hooper took a different road to stardom, how she chose her path carefully, unselfishly and masterfully and how she was fortunate to arrive in Lincoln one year after point guard Lindsey Moore, who counsels her, motivates her, laughs with her, cries with her, rooms with her and even travels with her to visit what most might consider one of the loneliest places on earth to grow up.
A Personal Experience with a Legendary Man
And that takes us to the late, legendary radio broadcaster Paul Harvey, whose two-minute Super Bowl commercial resurrected his 'So God made a farmer' speech, a commercial that "transfixed" Kearney Hub columnist Lori Potter, who obviously believes Nebraska stretches well west of what she calls home.
With more than 10 million Internet views, that commercial made Paul Harvey relevant again. The nostalgic application from his 1978 address to the Future Farmers of America brought millions of Super Bowl viewers back to our roots. I found it interesting that so many photos of ranchers were featured in a "farmer" video, and that certainly connects more with Hooper. But so would a 1968 Paul Harvey piece that Alliance KCOW Radio put together four decades later.
Both Paul Harvey audio files resonate with me because I was working at the Alliance Times-Herald that summer in 1968 when Gene Kemper, our legendary publisher, asked if I would like to pick up Mr. Harvey that Friday at the Alliance Municipal Airport, then drive him into town where he would be the featured speaker for the Alliance Chamber of Commerce Annual Banquet. As an intern earning money for his sophomore year of college, I was more than honored. I was thrilled because I grew up listening to Paul Harvey each and every day.
The following Monday in 1968, during lunch hour, I tuned into KCOW and couldn't help wondering if an American broadcasting icon would even mention Alliance. To my complete surprise, after his news segment, Paul Harvey devoted his three-minute editorial that day to our unpretentious hometown, heaping heavy praise on our hard-handed cowboys and sod busters. Four years ago, when I had the opportunity to speak at the Alliance Chamber of Commerce Banquet, we played Paul Harvey's radio tribute to Alliance. And, just as his voice-over Super Bowl commercial did, his words are as relevant now as they were in 1968. Listen to this vault of Alliance history. It stands the test of time, and I would bet that many Alliance natives and even current residents will be surprised when they hear certain facts they didn't know or forgot about. With that in mind, we end this blog in honor of a revered broadcaster … Paul Harvey … Good Day!
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Voices from Husker Nation
I enjoyed reading your story about small-town athletes but truly appreciated your tribute to Jordan Hooper. It is so ironic that you call her the Rex Burkhead of Women's Basketball. I have been relating the two athletes that way all season. I am a season ticket holder for women's basketball and know how hard all the ladies work to be what they are, but Jordan is on a higher platform of hard work to me, just like Rex is. Jordan can be found many nights and early mornings on the practice court, shooting and working on her game. You do not find people like Jordan very often. I am sure glad we did. Players in the future should be saying, "I want to be the Jordan Hooper of Women's Basketball!!" Great piece! Bill Rethmeier, Crete, Nebraska
Thank you for sharing the greatness that is Alliance. Thank you for telling the stories of the three kids making a difference in Lincoln. And thank you for making this Alliance kid aware of the Paul Harvey story. I am now calling my parents (my dad was a high school counselor and my mom a pharmacist) so I can ask why in the world did I not hear this before. Yes, like the young ones Paul references, I left Alliance and, ironically, now live in that awful orgy of ugliness. Thank you. Jason Reno, Chicago, Illinois
I really enjoyed your Alliance/Paul Harvey column. If memory serves me correctly, Marv Toedtli and I made a banner out of a newsprint "end-roll" from the Times-Herald that day to welcome Paul Harvey to Alliance. It didn't last too long though because the wind was blowing hard at the airport. Anyway, Alliance is a great town with great people! Keep up the outstanding reporting. Doug Edwards, Hastings, Nebraska
I am not an Alliance native, but I am a Nebraska basketball fan, and I've commented before how unusual it was to have an Alliance player play an important role on each team this season. Mike Peltz was a scrappy sixth man until knee surgery took him out. He played hurt most of the season, and you have to admire how tough he was. That work ethic in the Sandhills must have something to do with it. Jordan only has only one speed, and that's all out. Her effort is fun and fascinating to watch. I bet all the locals are tired of hearing that Alliance is the home of Car Henge. It's also the home of Jordan Hooper, Amy Stephens and everyone else who contributed to the Huskers. Now that Paul Harvey has informed us that Alliance had the first touch-tone phones in America and was the source of inspiration for Dale Carnegie, maybe the next time I drive through Alliance on the way to the Black Hills, I'll stop, check it out and see what makes it so special. Robert White, Omaha, Nebraska
The "Rex Burkhead of Women's Basketball" story was a great read for all of us out here in the Panhandle, and we appreciate your permission to publish the story in the Alliance Times-Herald. Aaron Wade, Times-Herald Director of Operations, Alliance, Nebraska
Thanks for sharing. It's always good to remind us of what a great place Alliance really is. We can be justifiably proud of our hometown kids, including Jordan, Mike and Brodrick. Dorothy Kunzman, Alliance, Nebraska
Thanks so much for the great story on Alliance and the star athletes that have come from here. Our proud heritage lives on.The Brew crew were born and raised in Alliance, and we proudly talk about our home town whenever we represent Nebraska as the Husker Elvis brothers. Our past, present and future endeavors have been, are and will be the result of our honest upbringing in this small but special town in Western Nebraska. God bless Alliance and God bless Nebraska! Larry Brew, Alliance, Nebraska
Thank you for another excellent piece of journalism with our hometown, Alliance, as the subject matter. I have enjoyed watching both Jordan Hooper and Mike Peltz play this year and was saddened that Mike was out with a knee injury. What a hustler he is! When I think about it, work-ethic is what made that part of the state so remarkable. I know I grew up with role models at every turn that taught me the importance of work ethic, and you, too, are a product of that way of living. Andrea Durfee, Lincoln, Nebraska


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Camels belong in the desert. That's what we've learned since grade school.
Today, NPR's Melissa Block talked to Natalia Rybczynski, a paleobiologist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, who tells Melissa that fossils she has unearthed tell a different story.
The fossils, found on a frigid ridge in Canada's High Arctic, show that modern camels actually come from giant relatives that roamed the forests of Ellesmere Island 3.5 million years ago.
Finding the fossils that far north was a complete surprise, Rybczynski told Melissa. But apart from the wow element, this discovery can tell us important things about a much warmer world.
Rybczynski said that when these giant camels roamed Canada, the High Arctic was a much warmer place. (The arctic was 14 to 22 degrees Celsius warmer; the globe was two to three degrees warmer.)
"We're really interested to know how high latitudes respond to global warming and so the data that we're getting from the camel site and other sites are really important for ground-truthing our climate models," Rybczynski told Melissa. "If we can hindcast properly, we've got a chance at forecasting."
Much more of Melissa's conversation with Rybczynski on today's edition of All Things Considered. We'll post audio of the interview, here, a little later today.
Also, the Canadian Museum of Nature has released this video explanation of their find:
Ellesmere Island, in the far north Canadian territory of Nunavut, is a frigid place - home to glaciers, walrus, polar bears. But Canadian scientists have now discovered that 3.5 million years ago, that island in the high arctic was also home to giant camels. One-humped camels that were 9-feet tall and weighed almost 2,000 pounds. Paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski of the Canadian Museum of Nature found the camel's bone fragments. And she joins me now from Ottawa. Welcome to the program.
NATALIA RYBCZYNSKI: Thank you, Melissa.
BLOCK: You know, when we think about camels, we're of course thinking about deserts and really hot climates and sand. How were they adapted to living way up in the Canadian Arctic?
RYBCZYNSKI: Yeah, so a lot of the traits that we see in camels today we think is suited for a very arid, desert-like environment actually would do quite well in a boreal forest environment. So boreal forest, I'm talking about the northernmost forests that we see in Europe, in North America, so getting into the tree line.
And in these areas, you would have very harsh winters and with snow, subfreezing temperatures. And so, traits like wide flat feet that would work so well on sand would also work very well on snow. In addition, when you look at the hump of the camel, we think of this as great for getting across deserts to provide fuel and energy for that.
But it's also very useful for an animal that is having to survive a long, cold dark winter.
BLOCK: Was this a huge surprise when you realized what you had up there, a camel?
RYBCZYNSKI: Yeah. Absolutely it was a huge surprise because this is the first evidence we have of camels associated with a boreal type forest. Previously, the fossil record has suggested that camels are associated with the Savannah type environment, in North America, mind you, but a very open type environment. And, of course, today, it's in semi arid and arid conditions. So finding them associated with a boreal type forest is completely new.
BLOCK: Now, you first found these pieces of bones back in 2006. Did you know right away what you were looking at?
RYBCZYNSKI: So initially, I wasn't even sure that it was bone. I thought it might be wood because it was such a buggy season. I had to wear a bug net, so it's a little bit hard to see. But on closer inspection it was clear it was a piece of bone.
BLOCK: What are the bigger lessons from this find, the bigger picture that you think this helps explain?
RYBCZYNSKI: Yeah, so I think there's two things that are really important here. One is that it's showing how Earth history and changes in the arctic have patterned modern biodiversity. I mean, I think it's really fascinating to think that the camels we see today with their specializations can actually be traced back to an animal thousands and thousands of kilometers away in a completely different environmental context.
And in addition, I think the times that the camel was living is also of interest because at that time, it was the mid-Plaecene(ph) warm period, so the dating shows that this animal lived at a time of global warming. And this is really important because we're interested in global warming right now, evidently. And what the fossil evidence is showing is that the high arctic was actually much warmer than what the climate models are predicting.
So the context, the environment that the camel was living in, was also of great interest.
BLOCK: So something was going on at that time that may be relevant to what we're experiencing now?
RYBCZYNSKI: Yeah, exactly. So based on previous work, what we were able to show is that in the high arctic, the climate was 14 to 22 degrees Celsius warmer than it is today. And this is really significant because at that time, the global temperature is estimated to have been two to three degrees warmer than today. And, of course, that two to three degrees is of great interest to us because looking forward for the next hundred years, it's been suggested that that might be where we are headed.
So we really should get to know how high latitudes respond to global warming. And so the data that we're getting from the camel site and other sites are really important for ground-truthing our climate models. If we can hind caste properly, we've got a shot at forecasting.
BLOCK: Ground-truthing?
RYBCZYNSKI: Yeah. So the idea being that we have - there's climate models that predict what we should expect to see in terms of temperature, but in the fossil record, we can use things like tree rings and isotopes and various techniques to actually estimate what the actual air temperature was at that time. And so that can help validate models.
BLOCK: Natalia Rybczynski of the Canadian Museum of Nature. We were talking about the discovery of a giant camel in the Canadian high arctic, 3.5 million years old. Natalia, thank you so much.
RYBCZYNSKI: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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I'm not sure what the psychology behind this is, but it seems to be a fairly common reaction. I noticed it today on MJ Ray's blog where - as far as I can tell - he's upset that the Conservative party, whom he doesn't support, are advocating Co-ops, which he does support. (I know that's an oversimplification of mjr's position, but hopefully it's not an outright misrepresentation of it. UPDATE: Ok, yes, I did have his position wrong - see the comments).
I can only presume that it's the same thing that ensures that every time Microsoft does something pro Open Source / Free Software, there'll be a furious post on Groklaw about it.
Or why people who for years have hated the way the MPAA and RIAA treat their creative talent are now annoyed that the Writers Guild of America is standing up to them, because the WGA is a union and unions are baaaad.
I suspect that the temptation to react this way is similar to the temptation to flip the bozo bit on people. Instead of deciding that the person is an idiot and therefore can't possibly have anything useful to contribute - and so can be ignored - we decide that the person (or group) is evil and anything they do must be outright harmful and must be opposed.
In reality not even a single person is ever completely useless or completely "evil"; everyone will at some point have an idea that's worth considering or an opinion you agree with. And that goes double if there's more than one person involved - any large organization, in particular, will probably have some subgroups that you agree with more often than not. Recognize when you have common ground even with people you normally disagree with. That's a vindication of your ideas, not something to be upset about, surely?