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As a long time advocate of barefoot activity, I found this article to be very insightful and well-researched. Dr. Campitelli has clearly done his homework! I look forward to Podiatry Today continuing to explore the remarkable benefits of barefoot activity.
Tackling The 10 Myths Of Barefoot Running
This author investigates common misconceptions about barefoot running and expounds on the positive effects of minimalist footwear.
Barefoot running, minimalist running and natural running are all terms that describe running in a manner that allows our foot to function the way it was designed (or has evolved). This happens through the use of little or no shoe at all. Many runners suffering from chronic injuries are adopting this way of running and are experiencing relief of symptoms to find themselves running with enjoyment and a more relaxing form.
I too have been cured of a running injury, which I suffered from for over eight years after transitioning my gait to that of a "barefoot" runner. Without further ado, here are the 10 myths of barefoot running.
Barefoot running leads to stress fractures. Without a doubt, the most common concern with barefoot or minimalist running is the development of a stress fracture. While there have been documented cases of this in the literature, stress fractures occur as a result of a change in activity without gradual adaptation and are not directly related to the shoegear or lack thereof.1 We actually should see a decrease in the likelihood of stress fracture given the change in stride and cadence that one acquires while running barefoot.2
Stress fractures occur secondary to overuse without the body having adapted adequately as proven by Wolff's Law.3 In fact, if we adhere to Wolff's law in theory, we should see weaker bone trabecular patterns on those wearing cushioned running shoes due to decreased intrinsic muscle strength, resulting in a proportional decrease in the force acting on the respective bone.4
I have flat feet and I need support. Lees and Klemerman have demonstrated that there is no correlation between foot type and running injuries, specifically with a pes planus deformity.5 During barefoot running, we avoid heel striking and land more on our forefoot or midfoot. Once the forefoot strikes the ground, pronation of the entire foot begins (not isolated pronation of the subtalar joint) and continues until the point where the heel touches the ground. Arch height becomes irrelevant as does the commonly described concept of pronation with the heel striking the ground first. With a forefoot/midfoot strike, pronation is very beneficial and helps to absorb shock.
I weigh too much. While this is a common excuse to not run, being overweight is not reason enough not to run barefoot or in a minimalist shoe. In 2010, Leiberman and co-workers were able to demonstrate that habitually unshod runners were able to generate smaller collision forces than shod heel strikers.6 In other words, by forefoot striking, we decrease the force that transmits through the lower extremity, thereby reducing torque forces to the ankle, knee and hip joints.7 Clearly, we can see that if people weigh 250 lbs, they would be placing more force through their joints by heel striking then by landing on their forefoot.
Would Bad Knees Inhibit Barefoot Running?
I have bad knees. Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common concern among many runners, especially older individuals who have run the majority of their lives. There are many theories as to why running is bad or even good for your knees. So many in fact that elliptical machines were invented to be used as a form of exercise similar to running without causing excess pressure to the joints.8 However, these elliptical machines do not reproduce anatomical motions and an in vivo force analysis reveals there is less force with walking than with an elliptical trainer.9-11
As I noted previously, we know that ground reactive forces are greater with heel strike in comparison to unshod or barefoot runners who adapt a more forefoot strike pattern.6 Numerous studies have demonstrated higher ground reactive forces and mechanical stresses to the knee while running in traditional running shoes as opposed to barefoot.12-13 A recent study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine looked at patients with knee osteoarthritis over 12 months and found no difference between wearing a lateral wedge orthotic versus a control flat insert.14 Similarly, a systematic review of literature demonstrates that external knee adduction moment and pain associated with knee osteoarthritis is higher in individuals wearing sneakers in comparison to those who do barefoot walking.15
How Do Orthotics And Plantar Fasciitis Come Into Play With Barefoot Running?
I can't do barefoot running because I need to wear my orthotics. Orthotics have become more overutilized in the practice of podiatry then ever before. It is very common for me to see runners present in my office with plantar fasciitis, a normal arch, cushioned running shoes and orthotics they have worn. When running barefoot or in a minimalist shoe, we do not need to control motion at the rearfoot because heel striking is not occurring and "excessive pronation," as described by Root, does not occur. While we have numerous studies that do not support the use of orthotics for running injuries alone, it becomes a challenge to convince the patient they are not needed.16-20
I have plantar fasciitis so barefoot running would be too painful. This article was not intended to discuss the pathomechanics or treatment options of plantar fasciitis. However, we are anecdotally seeing resolution of symptoms in those who adopt this style of running. One potential explanation is the development in strength we see to the intrinsic musculature, specifically the abductor hallucis muscle, which is a primary supporter of the arch.21-25
Another overlooked phenomenon is the fact that the majority of running shoes place your ankle into plantarflexion. This forces the body to compensate by increasing lumbar lordosis and increasing pressure to the heel as opposed to having more even distribution throughout the foot.
Addressing Other Perceptions About Barefoot Running
An atrophied fat pad would prohibit barefoot running. This is another common myth that patients acquire from various sources, including medical professionals. Most, if not all, of us have treated a patient who complains of forefoot pain or calluses, and then simply blames the problem on a lack of adipose tissue or cushioning below the metatarsal heads. While this seems to be a possible etiology, there is no evidence to date that the fat pad of the sole of our foot actually atrophies on the forefoot or the heel region.26,27 With common forefoot pathology such as hammertoe deformities, we do see the fat pad migrate distally producing more prominent metatarsal heads but typically, this is in severe cases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.28 Patients at this stage of a deformity are typically not runners.
Barefoot running causes severe calluses. Calluses on our feet form as a result of shear force on the plantar surfaces of the skin that produces excess friction. Shear force that occurs in the horizontal plane is the key to understanding this concept. Direct pressure does not produce calluses or we would see a high preponderance of heel calluses in runners as the majority of runners heel strike.
Root discussed the formation of forefoot calluses secondary to shearing forces associated with propulsion as well as to the central metatarsals due to increased loading for an excessive period of time and abnormal shear.29 Root's observations hold true for someone who heel strikes when running as we see increased force placed upon the forefoot during what he described as the propulsion phase. Observation of the gait of a barefoot runner or one who strikes with the forefoot/midfoot demonstrates that the propulsion phase as described by Root becomes very minimal in existence, if it even occurs at all.
Good Form Running in association with New Balance provides training to adopt this style of running and we can see that by developing forward momentum, we carry the contralateral limb forward instead of having forefoot propulsion.30 By doing this, we decrease the force present to the forefoot, especially the shear force. Not only is this beneficial for reduction of the shear force but we see a decrease in the ground reactive forces acting on the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which can reduce sesamoiditis.
I run long distance and cannot do that barefoot. What many of us fail to realize is that we have been running for thousands of years and we know that early runners began running either barefoot or with very minimal shoegear such as moccasins.31 In 1960, Abebe Bikila won the Olympic Marathon in a record time of 2:15:16.2 while running barefoot.32 Zola Budd recorded numerous middle distance world records while running barefoot in the 1980s. Ken Saxton (well known among the subculture of barefoot runners) finished 14 marathons in 2006 unshod and has since completed a total of 56 marathons, including the Boston Marathon, all while running barefoot.33
You could step on glass. This is my favorite excuse for not running barefoot. Numerous times, people ask me the question of "what happens if you step on glass?" There is debate on this topic among medical professionals as well as early adopters to this style of running. What is my answer? "Don't step on glass." This concept of "barefoot running" is not about what you are wearing on your foot. It is about how you are running and allowing the foot to perform the way it was designed and intended to perform. Once the form is perfected and the runner abandons heel strike (which runners can typically learn on a treadmill barefoot), the next step is to protect the skin of our foot while not compromising the proprioceptive feedback from ground.
There are numerous options available that have recently become known as minimalist shoegear. FiveFingers (Vibram), Minimus (New Balance) and the Trail Glove (Merrell) are just a few of these shoes.
FiveFingers has quickly become the market share leader due to its ability to allow the toes to function individually and allow full range of motion of the forefoot as well as the midfoot and rearfoot joints with a zero drop.34 Nike as well was one of the very first to introduce a less supportive shoe in 2004 known as the Nike Free.35 While this is a very flexible and non-supportive shoe, it does have a considerable amount of cushioning, which can interfere with feedback and increase muscle recruitment to provide control.
In Summary
Barefoot running is about learning to run the way our body was intended to using the foot as an ideal shock absorber and not relying on a shoe that compromises the anatomical position of the foot and places one at risk for injury. Using a true minimalist running shoe can achieve this and still protect the foot from the environmental dangers.
Dr. Campitelli is a Fellow of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. He is board-certified by the American Board of Podiatric Surgery. Dr. Campitelli is in private practice at Northeast Ohio Medical Associates with various offices in Ohio. He is an Adjunct professor at Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine and is a medical Advisor for Vibram USA.
1. Giuliani J, Masini B, Alitz C, Owens BD. Barefoot-simulating footwear associated with metatarsal stress injury in 2 runners. Orthopedics. 2011 Jul 7;34(7):e320-3. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20110526-25.
2. Edwards WB, Taylor D, Rudolphi TJ, Gillette JC, Derrick TR. Effects of stride length and running mileage on a probabilistic stress fracture model. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Dec;41(12):2177-84.
3. Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th edition. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2005.
4. Wolff J. "The Law of Bone Remodeling". Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 1986 (Translation of the German 1892 edition).
5. Lees A, Lake M, Klenerman L. Shock absorption during forefoot running and its relationship to medial longitudinal arch height. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(12):1081-8.
6. Lieberman DE, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, Daoud AI, D'Andrea S, Davis IS, Mang'eni RO, Pitsiladis Y. Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 2010;463(7280):531-5.
7. Kerrigan DC, Franz JR, Keenan GS, Dicharry J, Della Croce U, Wilder RP. The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques. PMR. 2009 Dec;1(12):1058-63.
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_trainer
9. Burnfield JM, Shu Y, Buster T, Taylor A.Similarity of joint kinematics and muscle demands between elliptical training and walking: implications for practice. Phys Ther. 2010;90(2):289-305.
10. Lu TW, Chien HL, Chen HL. Joint loading in the lower extremities during elliptical exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1651-8.
11. D'Lima DD, Steklov N, Patil S, Colwell CW Jr. The Mark Coventry Award: in vivo knee forces during recreation and exercise after knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(11):2605-11.
12. Franz JR, Dicharry J, Riley PO, Jackson K, Wilder RP, Kerrigan DC. The influence of arch supports on knee torques relevant to knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 May;40(5):913-7.
13. Burkett LN, Kohrt WM, Buchbinder R. Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(1):158-63.
14. Bennell KL, Bowles KA, Payne C, Cicuttini F, Williamson E, Forbes A, Hanna F, Davies-Tuck M, Harris A, Hinman RS. Lateral wedge insoles for medial knee osteoarthritis: 12 month randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011 May 18;342:d2912. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2912.
15. Radzimski AO, Mündermann A, Sole G. Effect of footwear on the external knee adduction moment - A systematic review. Knee. 2011 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print]
16. Stackhouse CL, Davis IM, Hamill J. Orthotic intervention in forefoot and rearfoot strike running patterns. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19(1):64-70.
17. Fields KB, Sykes JC, Walker KM, Jackson JC. Prevention of running injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010;9(3):176-82.
18. Gross ML, Napoli RC. Treatment of lower extremity injuries with orthotic shoe inserts. An overview. Sports Med. 1993;15(1):66-70.
19. Kilmartin TE, Wallace WA. The scientific basis for the use of biomechanical foot orthoses in the treatment of lower limb sports injuries--a review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 1994;28(3):180-4.
20. Razeghi M, Batt ME. Biomechanical analysis of the effect of orthotic shoe inserts: a review of the literature. Sports Med. 2000;29(6):425-38.
21. Jung DY, Kim MH, Koh EK, Kwon OY, Cynn HS, Lee WH. A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12(1):30-5.
22. Headlee DL, Leonard JL, Hart JM, Ingersoll CD, Hertel J. Fatigue of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles increases navicular drop. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008 Jun;18(3):420-5.
23. Wong YS. Influence of the abductor hallucis muscle on the medial arch of the foot: a kinematic and anatomical cadaver study. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(5):617-20.
24. Fiolkowski P, Brunt D, Bishop M, Woo R, Horodyski M. Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;42(6):327-33.
25. Emmerich J, Wülker N, Hurschler C. Influence of the posterior tibial tendon on the medial arch of the foot: an in vitro kinetic and kinematic study. Biomed Tech (Berl). 2003;48(4):97-105.
26. Waldecker U. Plantar fat pad atrophy: a cause of metatarsalgia? J Foot Ankle Surg. 2001;40(1):21-7.
27. Waldecker U, Lehr HA. Is there histomorphological evidence of plantar metatarsal fat pad atrophy in patients with diabetes? J Foot Ankle Surg. 2009;48(6):648-52.
28. Mickle KJ, Munro BJ, Lord SR, Menz HB, Steele JR. Soft tissue thickness under the metatarsal heads is reduced in older people with toe deformities. J Orthop Res. 2011 Jul;29(7):1042-6.
29. Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JH. Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot -Volume 2. Clinical Biomechanics Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 1977
30. http://www.goodformrunning.com/
31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe
32. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abebe_Bikila
33. http://www.marathonandbeyond.com/choices/clift.htm
34. "Trend Insight: Minimalist Footwear Category Offers Plenty of Opportunity." Footwear Insight, September/October 2011: 22.
35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Free
As a long time advocate of
We will continue to see the
We will continue to see the ego driven fringe of the running community attempting to find an edge on their fellow runners. I can't deny there may be an edge but it is most likely just a psychological boost. Of course, I have no proof. Just my observations of the personality types who present with overuse injuries, minimalist or not.
I have seen otherwise injury-free conditioned runners coming in with new problems after they switched to minimalist shoes. Of course. you need to move into new things slowly and most of the accomplished runners have done so to one degree or another yet minimalist running has given them their first injury, and/or brought back one that has been cured.
If they are injured and running in minimalist shoes, my first instruction is wear the shoe I recommend. Often, they can try them on a treadmill in a running shop. Usually, they remark that the instant stability was remarkable and they could feel less strain on sore areas. After any necessary rest period, their biomechanics are revisited and, if a functional orthotic is indicated, they are casted.
One subgroup is the runners who went from a stability shoe with a functional orthotic to minimalist running. This group most often figures it out when their forefoot and or Achilles begins to hurt, and switch back. I hear about it eventually.
If asked, I will give the appropriate cautions to runners who want to try minimalist running and leave it at that. Last year, I saw a increase in the number of minimalist runners presenting with problems. None were new runners. I am looking forward to what this spring brings.
The epidemiology of an injury
The epidemiology of an injury goes well beyond a few weeks or months of wearing a single type of shoe. If people switch from a cushioned, structured shoe with a heel wedge directly to barefoot or minimalist, they WILL display pain associated with biomechanical injuries that are already present. Injuries that have more than likely been present for years, but have been band-aided by cushions, arch supports and orthotics.
If they have a history of injury which returns upon transition, it merely suggests the injury was never truly resolved, only obfuscated by once again the same band-aid approach, and they did not go through a slow, well thought out transition, preferably using health professionals who are experienced with helping people make this shift.
Switching to a barefoot lifestyle allows the foot to work for itself. As the foundation of posture, this is vitally important in long term postural health and pain free movement. Barefoot running is not a cure-all. Ego driven people will always find ways to injure themselves regardless of what is on their feet. That is not what is being debated. Allowing the body to function naturally in a way that meets its design IS what is being debated. There is more than enough research and anecdotal evidence to prove this.
If you are dead set on maintaining the status quo (not that there is anything wrong with this), then you may not be the best representative for patients who are interested in making a shift to barefoot. You can best serve them by referring them out to a professional who understands the benefits of a barefoot/minimalist lifestyle and can truly help them transition.
Jesse James Retherford
It would be interesting to
It would be interesting to ask some of those runners questions about how they made the transition and if they have adapted their running style. While I am not a doctor (well, not a medical doctor), I have observed a number of runners at a local park getting the worst of both worlds. By this I mean, they have ditched their running shoes for VFFs but not altered their running style. It hurts to watch and it would not surprise me if they had more injury.
One metric in my very non-scientific observations is to open my ears. I am a very quiet runner and have to announce my presence to people ahead of me on the trail or they won't notice me until I'm abreast of them and then they about faint. When I get passed, I almost always hear the runner coming a long way away and it is always interesting to try and form a mental picture of the runner and their stride based on the sound I hear.
I wonder if the rise in injury for those in minimal shoes is at least partially explained by an increase in how many run in minimalist shoes.
I largely run barefoot but wear some very light sandals if it is dark (and hence I can't clearly see where I'm stepping) or on a more unknown or known to be bad place (like lots of busy intersections with glass from crashes). My transition was very slow. I went from 10 mile runs in running shoes to 100 yard runs totally barefoot. My increase up to 3-5 miles barefoot was spread out over more than a year. I attribute my lack of injury in the transition to the slowness of the transition and also to adopting a different stride.
VFFs are great but you forgot
VFFs are great but you forgot to mention running sandals/huaraches. They're lighter and more open even than FiveFingers. Several sites sell them preassembled (like lunasandals.com) or as kits that allow you to make your own (invisibleshoe.com).
As a minimalist, I've
As a minimalist, I've definitely heard almost all of these. I think you need to expand this to 11 as you forgot to mention the most common myth: "It's bad to run barefoot/minimal on asphalt."
Regarding the flatfoot don't
Regarding the flatfoot don't need support thesis:
I've got flatfoot and a slight sprayfoot and started with minimalist running (Vibram FF) in order to see if I can improve my overall foot-shape. Now after nine months of running (two to three times a week, probably 50-60km a month), I had to visit a doctor since my left forefoot started to ache one day. I couldn't walk very well and it felt like I was walking on my metartasal head.
And that was exactly the diagnosis that I got. My third metatarsal head is pointing downward so that I actually walk on my bones when forefoot striking. Resulting in this, I also got an inflammation. I got insoles for my "regular" shoes and was asked to refrain from minimalist running since my feet need support.
So, what to do? I was not so pleased by the diagnosis. More because the doctor didn't have any sympathy with minimalist runners than with the fact that my actual foot shape got worse than better. Nonetheless, with wearing the insoles, the inflammation is slowly getting better but I guess there is no way that my metatarsal bones will get back into normal shape so that barefoot or minimalist running won't result into new problems.
When the inflammation has healed, I will have to make the choice whether to wear Five Fingers again or not. I don't actually like insoles since they are nothing more than crutches for your feet but with my metatarsal heads like this, I guess I need them actually. :(
I would like to get another diagnosis from a doctor that is more experienced with barefoot running but it's not so easy to find one here in Germany.
Thanks for this nice and
Thanks for this nice and rigorous post Nicholas.
To complete the first myth "Barefoot running leads to stress fractures" ...
According to many authors, traditional cushion running shoes, in comparison to barefoot, increase the load on the skeleton (tibia to lower back) (Rethnam 2011, Hamill 2011, Bergmann 2010, Braunstein 2010, Kerrigan 2009, Shakoor 2006, Divert 2004, Shorten 2002, 1996 Hennig, Bergmann 1995) but decrease the peak pressure on the foot (Rethnam 2011, Tessutti 2010, Wiegering 2009, Wegener 2008, House 2002, Windle 1999, Nyska 1995).
Like you said, if we protect a structure for a long time, those tissues will become less tolerant to the stress … and transferring to minimalism/barefoot/barefoot technic will increase the incidence of injuries if it is done too quickly… for the tissues that are more stressed than usual (foot and post part of the leg). But if it is done gradually, running in minimalist shoes or barefoot will strengthen those tissues (Robbins 1987, Bruggemann 2005, Potthast 2005)
Note that the systematic review of Zadpoor was significant on tibia stress fracture only. Like you, I think that the risk to have metatarsal stress fracture increase on short-term… but decrease on long term by minimalist shoes or barefoot running.
The key words here are "Mechanical Stress Quantification by being gradual for any changes."
There appears to be a double
There appears to be a double standard here.
We agree that transiting to barefoot will increase the stress on certain parts of the leg and foot, but state that over time these tissues strengthen. Thus, the negative becomes a positive.
By the same token, the higher stresses which barefoot runners claim happen with shod runners / heel strikers -- if indeed this is the case --- should also strengthen those structures.
Can't have it both ways.
Robert Isaacs
I agree. Some runners are
I agree. Some runners are training in PECH shoes (Pronation control Elevated Cushioning Heel) for many years with no health problem but biomechanical peculiarities caused by this type of shoes (heel striking, low cadence, increase VLR, more pronation and knee valgus.
The reason is: they are fully adapted!
For me, it's not a good argument to explain why 90 percent of the market is PECH shoes.
The questions here are simpler.
1. If someone starts a running program, which kind of shoe would you recommend to this person?
2. What type do you recommend to children and teenagers who run?
3. Do the PECH shoes prevent from injuries?
Blaise: You are calling Dr.
You are calling Dr. Campitelli's article a "rigorous" posting?! Rather, his article read to me like a classic example of what I call "cherry picking"... only picking the little bits and pieces out of the wealth of research and facts on barefoot versus shod running in order to create a very one-sided analysis of a complex issue ... and done by a member of the "Biomedical Advisory Board for Vibram FiveFingers."
In this fashion, his article was just as one-sided as Chris McDougall's book "Born to Run," a book which is probably best described as an attempt of a non-scientist to attempt to sway people with biased pseudo-science into believing that barefoot running is better than running in shoes. Rather, Chris McDougall with his book has probably single-handedly created what one physical therapist, Matt Fitzgerald, has called an "Stimulus Plan for Physical Therapists."
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine
Here are some facts that the
Here are some facts that the barefoot running advocates seem to never mention:
1. All the current world records in track, road racing and cross-country were set, not barefoot, but in shoes.
2. No international marathon has been won by a barefoot runner (running the whole race barefoot) for the last 50 years.
3. "Minimalist shoes" are nothing new and they have been continuously available in running shoe stores for the past 40 years. They were called "racing flats" for the past40 years.
4. Abebe Bikila won the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Marathon, breaking the world record in a time of 2:12:11, while in shoes, running 7 seconds per mile faster than he had in the 1960 Rome Olympic Marathon where he ran barefoot.
5. Zola Budd, who broke the women's 5,000 meter world record while barefoot now prefers shoes saying: ": "I no longer run barefoot. As I got older, I had injuries to my hamstring. I found that wearing shoes gives me more support and protection from injuries."
6. Split-toe, thin-soled running shoes, such as the Vibram FiveFinger, made by a shoe company that Dr. Campitelli is a paid medical advisor for, are nothing new. The 1951 Boston Marathon was won by a Japanese runner, Shigeki Tanaka, wearing a split-toe, thin-soled running made by Onitsuka Tiger (now Asics).
7. Six scientific research studies published in peer-reviewed journals show that barefoot running increases the vertical loading rate compared to shod running (Dickinson, 1985; Komi, 1987; Lees 1988; Oakley, 1988; DeClercq, 1994; DeWit, 2000).
8. Barefoot running causes increased tibial acceleration (McNair PJ, Marshall RN: Kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with running in different shoes. Br J Sp Med, 28:256-260, 1994).
9. The world's leading researcher in running biomechanics and running shoe biomechanics, Dr. Benno Nigg, did a prospective study that found no significant differences in frequency of running injuries between subjects with high-, medium-, or low-impact peaks and that subjects with higher loading rates had significantly fewer running-related injuries when compared to subjects with lower loading rates (Nigg BM. Impact forces in running. Current Opinion in Orthopedics, 8(6):43-47, 1997). Dr. Nigg further claims that "Currently, there is no conclusive evidence that impact forces during heel-toe running are responsible for development of running-related injuries." (Nigg BM: Biomechanics of Sports Shoes. University of Calgary, Calgary, 2010. p. 32.)
10. Barefoot running increases internal tibial rotation vs shod running, meaning that rearfoot pronation and injuries associated with excessive rearfoot pronation may be increased in barefoot running (Eslami M, Damavandi M, Allard P: Foot joints and tibial kinematic coupling patterns during stance phase of barefoot versus shod running. J Biomech, 39:S183, 2006.
Fukano M, Nagano Y, Ida H, Fukubayashi T: Change in tibial rotation of barefoot versus shod running. Footwear Science, 1:19-23, 2009.)
11. There is not one shred of scientific research that shows that running barefoot or running in minimalist shoes reduces the risk of injury. However, the rate of stress fractures in the metatarsals is alarming of those runners who switch to running barefoot or running in "minimalist shoes", such as the Vibram FiveFingers.
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine
To clarify, I am NOT paid by
To clarify, I am NOT paid by Vibram, Vibram USA or Five FIngers.
If anyone has the W2's, please post them.
Interestingly, in reference
Interestingly, in reference to the article Dr. Kirby cited ...
"Eslami M, Damavandi M, Allard P: Foot joints and tibial kinematic coupling patterns during stance phase of barefoot versus shod running. J Biomech, 39:S183, 2006."
They actually found NO change in the amount of internal tibial rotation of barefoot runners.
Here is their wording from the article, "No significant differences were noted in the tibial internal rotation excursion between shod and barefoot conditions."
Furthermore, they concluded, "The findings question the rational for the prophylactic use of forefoot posting in foot orthoses."
Dr. Campitelli: Here is a
Dr. Campitelli:
Here is a quote from their results: "Results: High rearfoot eversion/tibial internal rotation ratio was found in running with shoes (2.13°±1.14). This finding contributed significantly to decrease
in tibial rotation excursion in the shod condition (4.27°±2.04) when compared to the barefoot running (16.02°±10.38) (p
Conclusion: Running with shoes could reduce excessive transverse tibial
rotation during first 50% of stance phase."
(Eslami M, Damavandi M, Allard P: Foot joints and tibial kinematic coupling patterns during stance phase of barefoot versus shod running. J Biomech, 39:S183, 2006.)
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine
Dr. Campitelli: You receive
Dr. Campitelli:
You receive or have received in the past no free shoes, no paid lectures or any compensation in any form from Vibram in return for you being the leading member of the "Vibram Advisory Board"?
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine
Dr. Kirby, In regards to your
Dr. Kirby,
In regards to your #11 point, you're forgetting to mention that there is no shred of scientific evidence that running in running shoes will decrease your chance of injury. Since there is no evidence that running shoes decrease injury, it's only logical to stick with what's natural or what we've had for millions of years. Perhaps when there is a shred of evidence to support shod running, I may switch over. Until then, I'll be happily running barefoot, thanks.
Paul: It is certainly your
It is certainly your right to run barefoot if you desire. I actually was running intervals barefoot back in 1977 as an member of the UC Davis Aggies Cross Country team so I have no problems with barefoot running. In fact, I was running in minimalist shoes (we called them racing flats) in the early 1970s as a high school distance runner (I ran a 2:39 marathon in high school in what you probably call "minimalist shoes") and have no problems with running in thin-soled shoes that are lightweight.
Just a question, since you say "it's only logical to stick with what's natural or what we've had for millions of years", then I also assume you do not use a cell phone, don't drive a car, don't ride a bike, don't wear any synthetic fabrics, don't fly in airplanes, don't take antibiotics when you have an infection and don't ever wear shoes for any purpose (i.e. not just running).
By the way, Paul, how did you manage to write this e-mail ... using a stone tablet? ;-)
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine
Kevin, You're missing my
You're missing my point. All that stuff you mentioned -- cell phones, cars, bikes, synthetic fabrics, airplanes and, for sure, antibiotics -- have been tested and have been proven to be safe if not beneficial. For example, in the case of antibiotics, I happen to know there is very rigorous testing that is done to prove its effectiveness and possible apparent harm. All one has to do is pick up the most recent CPS to see all the case studies and tests that were done. If a drug is shown to be harmful, it would not be released to the public and would therefore not be taken. The default stance is to always not take the drug until it has proven to be a benefit.
This has never been the case with modern day running shoes. They were first introduced 50 or so years ago without any sort of testing to determine if they were actually better then what runners were presently using. Where is this evidence? Where is the accountability to the public?
In short, I'm not suggesting people barefoot run because it's really old so it must be good. What I'm saying is there's no testing that has been done with modern day running shoes so why should I wear something that hasn't been properly tested yet?
Dr. Kirby, I am very
Dr. Kirby,
I am very interested in your response to Paul W's assertion that there haven't been studies that indicate modern running shoes are better than racing flats (or going barefoot). This answer to this question is fundamental to addressing this controversy.
Kevin, Any actual study
Any actual study showing that regular running shoes are better than running naturally barefoot, or do I assume your silence is an indication that there is nothing to show?
What I believe we forget to
What I believe we forget to mention, as foot specialists, is that every patient is different. While running barefoot for some is fine, for others it would be a disaster. Any practitioner who sees a lot of sports medicine will tell you they can see the same injury occur with runners who run barefoot as those who run with the most structured shoes.
There are always going to be those runners with great mechanics who could run with paper under their feet while other cannot walk down the street without a rigid, functional foot orthotic.
What I do know is that since the barefoot running phenomenon began, I have see an increase in metatarsalgia, stress fractures, sesamoiditis and plantar fasciitis.
The biggest problem is that there is a lack of education and instruction for runners who change over or start with barefoot runners. Running "through" pain with these shoes is the number one instruction that should be given to immediately cease and seek attention.
That is only a piece of my rant but I have flat feet, so what do I know?
There does exist education
There does exist education and instruction for those interested in transitioning to barefoot style running (unshod and minimalist style shoes) but it is hard to find and often results in the individual having to learn on his or her own. This lack of knowledge can be a recipe for injury. Think of trying to perform dead lifts without proper instruction.
I believe it is not the fact that running in a barefoot style causes injury, rather it is the *transition* from shod to barefoot style -- from consistently high structural support to no structural support -- where the problems occur. Perhaps some fine DPMs, especially those who have no issues running in minimalist shoes (or racing flats as Dr. Kirby calls them) could work on devising a How To guide on successful transition.
This might be the best piece
This might be the best piece of writing in this whole string of comments and article! I'm a physical therapist and have been a runner since I was 7 years old, so running and running form is an area in which I love to geek out.
With all the reading of research, reading Born To Run (which was definitely one-sided but interesting), and analyzing the running form of countless people (patients and non-injured runners), I have realized what every medical professional hopefully comes to learn -- every patient is an individual with his or her own unique set up and should be treated as such.
Some people are built for running and look as though they could run on a cloud, and others clod along, looking as though they are unaware of what their feet and arms should be doing. Just as each person has his or her own unique biomechanics, some people are also more aware of how their bodies are moving, which also makes a difference in whether they should be running barefoot.
I also agree with you that there is a severe lack of education and instruction. I find that most people who want to run barefoot are hearing a lot of hype and think it is the magic pill for running injuries. The shoe industry has marketed it well and the shoes themselves are just weird enough that people want to try them. It is concerning when the dreadlocked, granola salesman at REI is the person who is educating people on barefoot running.
Aloha, Roy, please take the
Roy, please take the advice of one of the best and nicest podiatrists I know, YOURSELF.
Do not start training in non-supportive shoes! Your poor tibialis posterior tendon and subtalar joint may not hold up against modern hard surfaces and the heightened impacts caused by "impacting" them. I don't want you to be saying "Hello" to Mr. Fusion in your "older days".
Kevin, mahalo. Your depth of medical science-sport history is second to none.
Running flatfooted is not the same as caveman barefooted. We know this. What is the biomechanical difference from running with Chuck Taylor All Stars, Pro Keds, Japanese Tabi's, Ascics Matflex or Ascics Split Second V's and Vibrams? Flat is flat.
The current EVA based shoe is 22mm of EVA in the rearfoot and 12 mm at the forefoot and 2 mm at the toes. Why? Why is there a heel on a cowgirl's boot?
Simple machine physics — we create a declining plane. The foot will fall forward on the shoe, increasing forward velocity over a shorter distance. It is the inverse of an inclining plane. The problem is that when we use foam as the shock mediator, we have to make it thicker like a high heel. Cowgirls don't run marathons in their boots for this reason. So are we cavemen or cowgirls?
A Hui Hou,
Steven King, DPM
P.S. -- As a natural minimalist, I try to wear as little of clothing as possible as much as possible, especially while sleeping and playing golf. Good thing I live in Hawaii.
Note* I have financial and professional interest in what I say and do.
Soon after my transition to a
Soon after my transition to a minimalist shoes and a forefoot strike gait two years ago, I encountered an injury that felt just like a metatarsal stress fracture. X-rays showed no obvious fracture, which my MD said was common with stress fracture X-rays. After six weeks recovery, I was fine.
When the injury was repeated six months later, again with nothing visible on X-rays, I requested a podiatric consult. In the first 10 seconds, the podiatrist said, 'You've never had a stress fracture. It's a lateral metatarsal tendon detachment or tear." Unlike a stress fracture, tendon injuries take a month and a half to recover.
I run in low-drop shoes with about 10 mm of foam in the sole, mainly because part of my run is on sharp gravel. To improve the flexibility of my forefoot, once or twice a week, I do some light barefoot running (without shoes) on grass. I have been injury-free since then.
Bob C.


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A deadly tornado that received a preliminary rating of EF2 tore through Tupelo, Miss. late April. At least 12 people, one of whom was in Lee County, died in Mississippi during the storms that ravaged towns throughout the state. See before and after images of streets in Tupelo in this interactive. NOTE: This Interactive is designed to use on a desktop computer.
How to use this interactive: Below you will find two streets. Each street has an "after" box and a "before" box. Click through the "after" box to see photos of the damage. Toggle the naviagtion counterclockwise in your Google Street View box to move along with the damage in the first box.
"Right as it ripped the roof off the building over there we all jumped in the pit," said Havoline Express Lube Manager Anthony Bishop. "Heard blocks hitting cars above me glass flying all around the pit.".
Bishop says he and his co-workers immediately took cover and started praying.When the storm stopped the men couldn't believe the damage. Roof tops and buildings were ripped off—some wiped away completely. Read more about the damage on Gloster Street and throughout Tupelo here.
"It hurts to look, because I won't come home tonight," said resident Britney Butler, who lost her house but managed to smile in the midst of a mess. "Oreo [my dog] means the most to me."
The dog made it out unscathed from the wreckage on Clayton Avenue; neighbors say Butler's grandparents weren't as fortunate.
"As her grandmother was coming back down the hallway, the air conditioner came through the wall of the hall and pinned her grandmother to the wall," said neighbor Angela Howard, who shared the grandmother will be OK.
Read more about the damage on Clayton Avenue and throughout Tupelo here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Bringing cigarette-tax stamps back would raise money, fight crime
Tweet Legislators are trying once again to curb cigarette smuggling, both into and out of North Carolina, by re-establishing a stamp on cigarette packs. This year, the odds look better than in the past, and that is good. North Carolina has long had one of the lowest state cigarette taxes. Because of that, organized crime and terrorist organizations have bought cigarettes here and resold them illegally in high-tax states. In recent years, cigarett ... Jump to full article >>


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California education officials took the first step this week toward complying with a law that requires public schools to include prominent gay people and gay rights' milestones in the curriculum, adopting a set of classroom material guidelines that prohibit "pejorative descriptions" based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
The California Board of Education on Wednesday unanimously approved new standards stating that textbooks, workbooks and other teaching materials purchased with state funds must avoid "descriptions, depictions, labels, or rejoinders that tend to demean, stereotype, or patronize individuals" who are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender.
"Materials should not convey the impression that persons of gay, lesbian, or bisexual orientation, or transgender identity, are any different from other people in their emotions or their ability to love and be loved," the standards read.
Gay-Straight Alliance Network Executive Director Carolyn Laub, whose San Francisco-based group supported the law and helped lobby for its passage, said Friday that the state school board's support "sends a really powerful statement" and she hopes and expects school districts will move voluntarily in coming months to make sure that materials purchased with local dollars conform with the new guidelines.
"Our students have said to us, 'The only time I ever learned or saw any gay person ever reflected in any materials is when we learned about the AIDS epidemic,'" Laub said. "We need to make sure all curricular materials, regardless of subject, need to reflect the diversity of California and cannot perpetuate stereotypes and reflect adversely on any group."
Read the full article:


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Multi-year CDBG project approved
A multi-year sewer line replacement and road improvement project was accepted by St. Marys City Council to submit for funding for the city's annual Community Block Development Grant (CDBG) Entitlement Program.The city was notified on Aug. 6 their entitlement could be as much as $300,000. Earmarked in the funding is $54,000 or 18 percent of the grant for administration costs. This leaves $246,000 for project use. On Monday evening, council approved the application for the project prepared by Tina Gradizzi, Community and Economic Development Coordinator and CDBG grant administration.The proposed projects are for Charles Street, a multi-year project taking place from 2013-2015.


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SOURCE: Atlantic Records
April 28, 2014 12:10 ET
24 Hour Road Race Kicks Off May 9 on Good Morning America in Times Square Followed by a Performance on Late Show With David Letterman; New Album Storyline Available Everywhere May 6
24 Hour Road Race Kicks Off May 9 on Good Morning America in Times Square Followed by a Performance on Late Show With David Letterman; New Album Storyline Available Everywhere May 6
NASHVILLE, TN--(Marketwired - Apr 28, 2014) - Multiple GRAMMY-nominee Hunter Hayes is celebrating the May 6 release of his highly anticipated album Storyline by teaming up with ConAgra Foods to end child hunger while attempting to break the GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS® record for Most Concerts Played in multiple cities in 24 hours. Announced today, TUDOR Watch U.S.A will be the Official Timekeeper for the "Hunter Hayes' 24 Hour Road Race to End Child Hunger." Throughout the race, Hunter will be wearing a TUDOR Heritage Chrono timepiece and upon conclusion, this special timepiece engraved with the official race logo will be auctioned to raise money for Feeding America, the nation's leading domestic hunger-relief charity. Fans can join the conversation on Twitter using #HHRECORDWEEK as Hunter attempts to break the world record during his exciting record release week.
"We thought the best way to celebrate releasing the Storyline record was to play as many shows as possible and attempt to break a record or two while we're at it," said Hunter about the history-making event. "It's gonna be a blast!!"
Support acts for the 10 shows have also been revealed as breakout country duo Dan + Shay, critically-acclaimed newcomer Charlie Worsham, up-and-coming country band The Railers, and singer/songwriters Dean Alexander and Matt Sucich, with the official music playlist powered by "The Country Club with Dee Jay Silver," all stepping in to help Hunter attempt the to break the record. The "24 Hour Road Race to End Child Hunger," brought to you in part by ConAgra Foods' Child Hunger Ends Here program, will kick off Friday, May 9 on Good Morning America (GMA) on ABC in Times Square. He is attempting to break the record by playing 10 shows in 10 cities in 24 hours (current record held by the Flaming Lips with eight shows in 24 hours who broke the previous record made by Jay-Z).
The "24 Hour Road Race to End Child Hunger" is also presented in part by TUDOR, Martin Guitar, Mercedes-Benz USA, Samsung Galaxy®, Procter & Gamble, Glympse, Stop & Shop Supermarket Company and is being produced and promoted by AEG Live & The Messina Group (TMG). Hunter is a Martin Guitar ambassador and will perform on a Martin OM-42 at each show, which will be auctioned at the end of the event to benefit the cause. TUDOR is the Official Timekeeper, Mercedes-Benz USA is the official car and Samsung Galaxy® is the official device and content partner of the "24 Hour Road Race." The new Samsung Galaxy S® 5 will be used throughout the tour to capture exclusive real-time photos and videos of the concerts and road trip and will be published in real time via social media using the hashtag #HHRecordWeek.
While Hayes sets his sights on setting the GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS® record for the most concerts in one day, Child Hunger Ends Here is issuing a challenge to break their own record for the most meals donated in 24 hours. To help us break this record and end child hunger, look for the red pushpin and locate the code found on specially marked ConAgra Foods products. For each 8-digit code entered at www.ChildHungerEndsHere.com, ConAgra Foods will donate the monetary equivalent of one meal to Feeding America.**
"Hunter Hayes' 24 Hour Road Race To End Child Hunger" Cities and Door Times:
Hunter will head out March 20 on his "We're Not Invisible Tour," presented in part by ConAgra Foods' Child Hunger Ends Here program, with several dates running through the summer (dates and cities listed below). Featuring special guests Danielle Bradbery from NBC's Emmy award-winning show The Voice and Warner Bros. Records new country duo, Dan + Shay, the "We're Not Invisible Tour" comes on the heels of Hunter's sold-out "CMT On Tour: Let's Be Crazy Tour" which wrapped this past December to sold-out crowds and much critical acclaim.
For on-sales and more, visit www.hunterhayes.com, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/hunterhayes and follow Hunter on Twitter http://twitter.com/hunterhayes.
Four-time GRAMMY nominated artist, Hunter Hayes, is a multi-talented performer, musician, producer, and writer. His critically acclaimed Atlantic Records self-titled album garnered three consecutive No. 1 singles, selling over eight million singles to date while the album itself has been certified platinum by the R.I.A.A. The highly anticipated follow-up, Storyline, will be released May 6 via Atlantic Records and features his current single "Invisible." His most recent Grammy nomination for Best Country Solo Performance for his No. 1 single "I Want Crazy" marks his fourth Grammy nomination off his debut release. Hunter is currently featured as one of Forbes Magazine's "30 Under 30" and has played over 500 dates since 2011. The Louisiana native has headlined sold out venues across the US and Canada and recently wrapped the sold out CMT On Tour: Hunter Hayes' Let's Be Crazy tour this past fall. For more information visit www.hunterhayes.com, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/hunterhayes and follow Hunter on Twitter http://twitter.com/hunterhayes.
**Enter the eight-digit code found on participating products. For every ConAgra Foods code entered, ConAgra Foods will donate 11.1¢ and for every P&G code entered, P&G will donate 11.1¢, the cost for Feeding America to provide one meal through its network of local food banks. ConAgra Foods codes must be entered by 8/28/14 and P&G codes must be entered by 6/16/14. ConAgra Foods will donate up to 5 million meals with a guaranteed minimum donation of 1 million meals ($111,111) and P&G will donate up to 2 million meals with a guaranteed minimum of 1 million meals ($111,111). Limit 5 code entries per person/computer each day. See ChildHungerEndsHere.com for complete details and a list of participating brands. Valid in U.S. and Puerto Rico only. © ConAgra Foods, Inc. All Rights Reserved. © 2014 Procter & Gamble.
About TUDOR
TUDOR is a premium Swiss watchmaking brand appealing to people with an acute sense of style, a desire to be different and uncompromising quality expectations. Its price positioning sits in the premium segment that complements Rolex's position in the high-end luxury segment. Since the brand name was registered for Hans Wilsdorf, founder of Rolex, in 1926, TUDOR has benefited from Rolex's outstanding watchmaking expertise, quality control and service. TUDOR was relaunched in 2007 with a distinctive personality and a high level of independence in its design, manufacturing and communication. TUDOR and Rolex are the two brands in the portfolio owned by the Hans Wilsdorf Foundation, which was set up in 1945 by the eponymous founder of Rolex. They respectively address the premium and the high-end segments of the market, and have distinctive roles to play. TUDOR has been inspired by motorsports since the 1970s and, in addition to being the Entitlement Partner of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, is also currently the World Timing Partner for both Ducati and the FIA World Endurance Championship
About Dan + Shay
Breakout country duo Dan + Shay (Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney) impressively debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's Country Albums Chart with their highly anticipated album, Where It All Began, making them the only duo in SoundScan reported history to debut at No. 1 with their first album on the Country Albums Chart and the highest charting debut artists of 2014. Released April 1st on Warner Bros. Records, the album showcases their nearly Top 10 single "19 You + Me" which is certified gold and has sold over 550,000 tracks and was recently featured as a "Hot Music Download" in the new issue of People Country and called out to "equal success" in their USA Today "On The Verge" feature. Named an "act that will help define 2014" by Billboard, Dan + Shay wrote every song on their album, as well, the album was produced by Smyers and co-produced by Scott Hendricks and Danny Orton. The ACM Award Nominees are currently on tour with Hunter Hayes through May continuing on the road in June with Blake Shelton. Made up of Smyers, a Pittsburgh, PA native, and Mooney, originally of Natural Dam, AR, the two realized they had a special musical connection after meeting at a party at Smyers' house, in his tented out living room only one year ago. What started as a late night jam session among new friends, led to daily writing sessions that resulted in songs which quickly caught the attention of publishers, label heads and radio programmers alike. For more info, please visit danandshay.com, and follow @danandshay
About Dean Alexander
Dean Alexander's first single, "Live A Little," a recent Sirius XM Highway find, is a hook-filled celebration of life, an up-tempo call to seize the day -- something Dean's life has more than qualified him to share about. The soul in his voice can be traced in part to the influence of his parents, whose love of classic rock, soul and country acts has stayed with him. Combine that with a truly compelling stage show and the ability to weave optimism, life and love into every note, and you've got in Dean Alexander one of music's most exciting young acts. For more information, please visit www.Deanalexandermusic.com
About Dee Jay Silver
RCA Nashville recording artist Dee Jay Silver has entertained millions as a top touring DJ/remixer/producer for more than 10 years -- performing solo appearances in the U.S. and internationally as well as being opener on the tours of superstars Jason Aldean and Brad Paisley. Recently, Silver launched a syndicated country radio show titled "The Country Club with Dee Jay Silver," delivering a weekly dose of his distinctive brand of up-tempo mixes and mash-ups and featuring hits from country's biggest stars and newcomers.
About The Railers
The Railers are made up of brothers Jordan and Jonathan Lawson, Cassandra Lawson and Tyler Oban. By combining personal lyrics, air tight harmonies and earthy instrumentation using Mandolin, Violin, Concertina, and Acoustic Guitar and percussion, the group melts their energetic songs with classic groundbreaking styles of the Eagles, Fleetwood Mac, Dixie Chicks, Nickel Creek and Bonnie Raitt, leaving audiences with an undeniable sound and unforgettable live show. For more information and a list of tour dates, please visit http://therailersband.com.
About Matt Sucich
Matt Sucich (pron: Sue-Sitch) is from Queens, NY. His classic country writing and high energy performances have brought him to the Bonnaroo & Firefly music festivals, CMJ, Newport Folk, & most recently Willie Nelson's Heartbreaker Banquet in Austin, TX. "On stage, Matt Sucich strikes a balance between light-hearted, straightforward humor and profound, evocative lyrics. He's a storyteller with the ability to turn a string of metaphors and similes into images and ideas that linger long after the song ends," says Pam Segura of Pancakes & Whiskey and Bruce Warren of WXPN-FM raves Sucich is "Equal parts Lord Huron, Paul Simon and M. Ward, Sucich establishes his own voice on the playful, island flavored, 'The Lonely Dreamer.'"
About Charlie Worsham
Nashville's rising singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Charlie Worsham is currently on tour celebrating his new single "Want Me Too" off his critically-acclaimed album Rubberband, which Washington Post called an "exquisite debut." He was recently featured in a starring guest role on an episode of Fox's hit TV show BONES directed by David Boreanaz, which included 4 songs off of Rubberband. Originally from Grenada, Mississippi, Worsham studied music at Berklee before moving to Nashville, where he wrote and produced the entire 11-track album (co-produced by Ryan Tyndell, executive produced by Arturo Buenahora) before releasing the album on Warner Bros. Records to rave reviews. Celebrating the release with performances on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno and Fox & Friends, the album impressively landed on several of 2013 Best Of lists; including Spin's "Best Country Albums," American Songwriter's "Top 50 Albums," and Billboard's "Top 10 Country Albums." iTunes also featured Rubberband as one if its "Best of 2013 Editor's Choice and Top Sellers" as well as being featured in Rhapsody's "Top 25 Albums of 2013."
For more information, please visit http://www.charlieworsham.com / Facebook.com/TheCharlieWorsham / follow: @charlieworsham
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You are here
Poets Coffeehouse Series with Gary Lenhart, Tony Towle and Anselm Berrigan
Date and Time:
April 19, 2000 - 6:30PM
Event Location:
Brooklyn Central Library, Grand Army Plaza
The Poets Coffeehouse Series, now in its third year, is organized for Brooklyn Public Library by Robert Hershon>. This year's series is co-sponsored by Poets House. All readings take place at the Central Library, Grand Army Plaza.
Event Sponsored By:
Poets House
Event Type:
Poetry in the World


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Hair Loss treatment is hair transplant fue and fut strip method of hair transplant
FUE hair transplant is becomming more popular nowadays. It leaves no any linear scar on donor parts like FUT. It is less invasive than FUT or strip harvest method.
I'm petrified of needles - no matter how small - so I had to go for a hair system!
Every hair treatments should have their limitation but in bio hair treatment there is no chance for side effects and limitations
Is FUT hair transplant more invasive than FUE hair transplant?
Health is wealth
isn't i thing every treatment have a bit side effect because its laser is so strong.........
Hair Loss Treatment is the best Solution of FUE Hair Transplant and no side effects after hair transplant...
Hair Transplant in Dubai
My opinion fue hair transplant best treatment hair loss.
Hair loss treatment procedure two types like Surgical and non-surgical mostly hair loss patients prefered surgical treatment restore natural hair.
Hair Transplant in Dubai
FUE is certainly less invasive than FUT (strip), but it should be performed by experts, surgeons who have a history of producing natural-looking results. The best FUE results involve a transection rate of about two percent or less.
My opinions are my own. I am one representative of Dr. Patrick Mwamba of the My WHTC clinic for hair loss in Brussels, Europe.


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Peace Corps Press Release:
WASHINGTON, D.C., September 23, 2009
Peace Corps Volunteer Joseph ChowPeace Corps Director Aaron S. Williams is saddened to announce the death of Peace Corps volunteer Joseph Chow in Tanzania. Joseph died in a rock climbing accident near the village of Mbuji in the Ruvuma region in the southern part of Tanzania.
"Joseph was active, creative and charming. He was always ready to lend a helping hand, to work and play, and to contribute to his community. His sudden passing is terribly painful for the entire Peace Corps family, including Joseph's students, whose lives were changed by Joseph's passion for teaching," said Director Williams. "Our thoughts go out to his family and friends around the world."
Joseph, 23, a native of Scarsdale, New York, had been serving as an education volunteer in the Ndanda Secondary School. He was scheduled to complete his Peace Corps service in November 2009.
After graduating from Amherst College in 2007, Joseph was invited to serve in Peace Corps/Kenya as a math and science teacher and arrived for his pre-service training in September 2007. He was sworn in as a volunteer in November and placed in the village of Ndalat to teach chemistry and physics at St. Clement Secondary School. Following the suspension of the Peace Corps/Kenya program in early 2008, Joseph volunteered to transfer to Tanzania to continue his service as an education volunteer. In February 2008, he began teaching college preparatory chemistry at Ndanda Secondary School in the Mtwara region of southern Tanzania.
Peace Corps Volunteer Joseph Chow teaching in TanzaniaJoseph always put his students first. Although he was assigned to teach advanced chemistry as his only subject, Joseph recognized his students' desire to study math and physics. Because few teachers taught those subjects, Joseph added advanced physics and math to his teaching schedule.
Raising HIV/AIDS awareness was another project that benefited from Joseph's work ethic and commitment to his community. Joseph started an after-school health club with his students, organized community HIV testing and counseling, and developed both a 5 km race and a community theater program that raised HIV/AIDS awareness in his area. The events were successful and brought more than 400 students from several regional schools together.
In his 2007 Peace Corps aspiration statement, Joseph wrote that one of the reasons he decided to serve with Peace Corps was because he had never spent a long period of time in a different culture. He hoped to meet the challenges of teaching in a classroom in Africa and understood that the work he faced would be much more difficult than any work he had previously accomplished.
Joseph not only adapted to his new surroundings, he flourished.
His Father's Eulogy
When Joseph died, everything was black.I now know that you can die of a broken heart.We could not sleep, we could not eat or drink. I always wondered when I went to someone's funeral or wake ,whether I made a difference.
I can tell you now that you, our family and friends helped us to live.
On the behalf of the Chow Family, I want to thank everyone for their incredible support.
Thank you so very much.
Our son Joseph
Initially, even though he worked so hard, he had no success.He was always the youngest, smallest in his class.
As parents, we send our kids out into the world.We cannot be with them.We can only hope that they make friends and succeed.
When he went to Fordham Prep a magical transformation into a wonderful, caring, athletic, beautiful young man began. That growth continued at Amherst.He had such fantastic friends.We were so happy.Joseph worked so hard.He was called "Speedy Joe" by the Amherst swim team, because he was the slowest on the team.
He lived every minute of his life.
He really was the "Little Engine that Could."
Joseph took all of what his family, friends, teachers and coacheshad to give, internalized it and passed it forward.
When we heard that he was going to Africa with the Peace Corps, we were really worried.We were worried he would stick out.
We worried that he would be mugged, kidnapped, or robbed,andthat he would not succeed and integrate intohis community.
Joseph told us not to worry.That the Peace Corps told him that all you had to do was make friends and that they would keep him safe.
He was confident that would happen.
When we met with Andrea, we were able to see videos, pictures and remembrance book from Tanzania.He had lots of friends.He had succeeded.
With the death of Joseph, there has been lots of grief and sorrow.
Donna and I want you to release your grief and sorrow.We will hold onto that.It is a parent's burden and prerogative to do so.
Instead, we want you to celebrate his memory.
If his memory helps you do better, if it helps you live life more fully, if in the dark, his memory gives you a little light, or helps your flame burn a little brighter,if you take this and pass it to your friends and family, then a little piece of Joe will live on.
If Joe were listening now I can just see how he would react.
He would smile that big smile of his.Then he would do his high pitched giggle.Then he would break out in his loud laugh.
Then he would raise his hands in mock exasperation and go AARGH!!
Then he would lean forward and with great gusto he would say to me."Dad, That was CRAP!"
Before Father O'konsky gives the final prayer, I would like us all to clap for Joe.The Applause will help send his spirit up to heaven.
Mwakaribishwa- a blog of Joseph Chow
Demise of My Friend Joseph Chow
If you are a friend or family member of this volunteer and would like to contribute a picture, a story, or something different, please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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In the Pipeline: Treating HIV With a Patch Instead of Pills
October 28, 2011
Preliminary research suggests that HIV drugs could be delivered via a transdermal patch. The developers, led by Anthony Ham, director of formulations at the pharmaceutical research company ImQuest BioSciences, presented a study at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition, which was held in Washington, D.C., from Oct. 23 through 27.
Ham and his colleagues tested the effectiveness of administering IQP-0410, an HIV drug that is currently under development, via a skin patch. They found that the patch delivered more than 96 percent of the drug over a week-long period. While the method has yet to be tested in animals and humans, this is promising news, especially for those with adherence difficulties.
Moreover, compared to pills and needles, the low-cost patch could be more affordable and accessible, which could thereby drive down the ever-growing cost of current HIV treatment -- perhaps even impacting our ADAP crisis. Only time will tell.
Warren Tong is the research editor for TheBody.com and TheBodyPRO.com.
Follow Warren on Twitter: @WarrenAtTheBody.
Copyright © 2011 The HealthCentral Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
This article was provided by TheBody.
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Van Jones: Love Harder
Van Jones' keynote address to Netroots Nation.
Van Jones was the keynote speaker at the Netroots Nation Conference in Las Vegas, sharing ways to "put Americans back to work and pull America back together."
YES! Magazine's audience development director, Rod Arakaki, was in the audience and described the speech as, "fantastic—hopeful, sobering, and funny."
Van Jones is a former contributing editor to YES! Magazine and the founder of Green for All, a national organization working to build a green economy and pull people out of poverty.
Sarah van Gelder interviews Van Jones about making real change in the Obama era.
Van Jones lays out his vision for a just, green economy.
How do local efforts to create community friendly economies add up to global economic transformation? David Korten's keynote address to the Business Alliance for Local Living Economies (BALLE).
These portraits aren't just people in paintings looking at you. They are people imploring you to listen and act.


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We are excited about our new Learning Spaces, which we will introduce soon! You can design your own personal learning journey through the spaces, each» READ MORE
Thank you, Ukraine DDI Team, for your amazing work !
We are very excited as we are all working on our Annual Intensive, which will happen in Ukraine » READ MORE
Kyiv, Ukraine, September 22nd-October 1st
Join 100+ participants from all continents for our annual 10 day Deep Democracy Facilitation and Coaching» READ MORE
Dr. Max Schupbach, Dr. Ellen Schupbach, Dr. Ruth Weyermann, Dr. Josef Helbling and the DDI faculty.
Stakeholders Across Teams, Brands, Communities, Religions and Nations
10 days of immersion in learning the unique depth psychology approach of Processwork and Deep Democracy in order to
* Enhance your personal and professional development.* Lead and facilitate diverse teams of up to 30 people for better and more effective collaboration, resolve conflict, and achieve high impact.* Lead and facilitate diverse groups of up to a 1000 people through conflict into common ground and new initiatives.
Process Work is a new paradigm that brings out the deepest selves of individuals, the underlying spirits of teams and organizations, and the invisible unity that is present in the midst of diversity, conflict, and strife. It can be used to coach individuals, facilitate teams and organizations, and lead and support national and international processes across communities and borders. It is a scientific model that integrates perspectives from physics, psychology, and complexity science. It is a community building approach and a conflict resolution model that works with the entirety of information that is present within a system. And, it is more than that. For those of us who are searching for awareness and meaning in difficulties, conflicts, and challenges, it is also a way of life. Our 10 Day Intensive Courses are meant for learners who are looking for total immersion with other learners from various cultural and professional backgrounds. Read more.
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Our History
Originating in 1956 under retail store heir and founder Hal Authenreith, Northwood Realty Services has grown from its humble roots in the North Hills section of Pittsburgh – complete with a lone office, six desks, and enormous potential – into the fastest-growing real estate firm in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio today.
Through economic booms and recessions, through periods of rapid expansion, and through the excitement of watching a great idea come to life thanks to dedicated people at every level of the organization, Northwood has achieved its success by always placing people first.
For 60 years, we have valued our agents as professionals and as friends. We have treated every buyer and seller as partners on a journey to a smooth, beneficial closing. And we continue to absolutely love the neighborhoods where we make a difference every day.
The history of Northwood is the history of helping this region's people see their dreams of home ownership come true. It is a history still being written every day, and for many decades to come.


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Tom Michalek teaches courses in Elementary Music Education. A Hastings native, Tom has twenty years of experience teaching music at all levels, currently in the Hastings Public Schools and at Hastings College.
A recognized authority in his field, he conducts teacher training sessions and courses throughout the Midwest and is active in both the Organization of American Kodaly Educators and the Great Plains Orff Chapter. For ten years, Tom conducted two choirs of the Nebraska Children's Chorale in Omaha. He is currently the Director of Children's Choirs at First United Methodist Church in Hastings.
Bachelor of Music - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Master of Music - University of Nebraska-Lincoln


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Hi Beautiful!
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Below is a mixture of recent reports published by these firms, which include Unify, designed to help customers get the most from their technology investments:
Unify recognized as Leader in Mobile Collaboration
Published: 10 September, 2015
Analyst: David Mario Smith
Mobility and the BYOD phenomenon have been a significant factor in shaping the boundaries of the new collaborative workplace. People are more mobile than ever before and workers now own and control a large part of the tools and infrastructure they use to communicate with, giving themselves unprecedented control over how, when and where they get their jobs done.
Silicon Valley based research and advisory firm Aragon Research, takes a thoughtful approach to defining the emerging Mobile Collaboration market and reviews 13 major providers.
The Aragon Research Tech Spectrum™ for Mobile Collaboration, 2015: Mobile Collaboration Disrupts
2015 Gartner Critical Capabilities for Unified Communications
Published: 18 August, 2015
Analyst(s): Steve Blood, Bern Elliot
IT leaders are likely to need multiple UC vendors; however, changing expectations and product development are closing the gap between best-of-breed and good-enough technology. Assess your UC practices to see whether the features offered by your UC vendor are good enough for a single-vendor approach.
2015 Gartner Critical Capabilities for Unified Communications


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Watch The ::God Is Imaginary Videos On YouTube ::
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Religions need books because they don't have gods.
Do unto others as you would have done to you.
Thou shalt update thy beliefs with better data.
Quote from: junebug72 on June 16, 2013, 08:37:21 AMDo unto others as you would have done to you.This sounded good... but what if you are a nasty bastard... or a sadist? Then following this commandment would make you a criminal.How about:You shall not enslave another human for any reason, even if they "volunteer"The manner in which you hurt a child or another person shall be the manner in which you will be punished tenfold


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Lexus series adds queer event to upcoming season of musicals
The Lexus Broadway Series offers a muscular lineup of shows that feature classic stories and contemporary rock 'n' roll. But they go one step further in the 2011-12 season with the stage equivalent of special edition DVDs, featuring enhanced performances and pre-show engagements for subscribers — including its gay patrons.
Dallas Voice Life+Style Editor Arnold Wayne Jones will host a conversation every second-week Tuesday about 45 minutes before each show. The series, called GLBT Broadway, will highlight the appeal for queer audiences for the shows in the series. The discussion will touch on issues of gender identity and sexuality in regards to the show and the teams behind them. Some — such as the season lead-off, Hair — might be easier to analyze from a gay perspective than, say, Jersey Boys, but that's part of the fun of the series.
The season starts with Hair, which won the Tony in 2009 for best musical revival. Youth in 1960s America are all about peace, love and understanding — including nudity and homosexuality — in this iconic musical. Sept. 20–Oct. 2.
The epic Les Miserables follows with a new 25th anniversary production. Dec. 20–Jan. 1.
Best musical Tony winner In the Heights details the immigrant experience as characters find a new life in their new country. March 13–25.
Alt-rockers Green Day went Broadway with American Idiot, touted as a mashup of a rock concert and staged musical. May 8–20.
The season concludes with Jersey Boys and Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. Classic hits like "Big Girls Don't Cry" and "Can't Take My Eyes Off of You" tell the tale of this well-accomplished music group from the '50s. June 12–July 15.
Other subscriber series include Broadway University, hosted by SMU theater professor Kevin Hofeditz which will explore themes of the show and its place in theater history (every second Saturday matinee) and Broadway Uncorked (every second-week Wednesday), where an expert sommelier will host a wine tasting based on the show. We wonder what American Idiot's wine will be.
— Rich Lopez
For more information on the Lexus Broadway Series and its enhanced performances, visit ATTPAC.org.
This article appeared in the Dallas Voice print edition August 26, 2011.


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Thank You
After four years, we have decided to close down Sixth Station. The site has meant so much to many of us who spent countless hours into our game. Thank you to everyone who has been a part of our game.
The 101-Fall Hunger Games are wrapping up. You have 24-48 hours to enter the final posts. Members can still post in the "History of Sixth Station" and the "Connection" forums.
Sixth Station latest news: 01/14/15: Character Epilogues
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May 18, 1961 - September 27, 2013
Clinton, NC
Our Beloved Sister Loretta Boykin Thompson departed this life to be with the Lord on September 27, 2013 at UNC Chapel Hill Hospital in Chapel Hill, NC. Loretta was born May 18, 1961 in Poughkeepsie, NY to the late Deacon Cecil Boykin, Jr. and Pastor Ruby T. Boykin. She was 52.
Loretta graduated from Newburgh Free Academy in Newburgh, NY in 1979. She attended Dutchess Community College and Orange County Community College where she was pursuing a degree in Nursing. She worked in many capacities dealing with individuals with special needs including Hudson Valley DDSO in Thiells, NY. She was on the Client Rights Committee from Mercy Care Group Home, Inc. in Clinton, NC. Loretta, whom loved the Lord, was a devoted member of Greater Mount Calvary Church in Clinton, NC.
Loretta was joined in holy matrimony to Presley Lee Thompson on September 21, 1993. He was her beloved husband for twenty years. To this union was Kewan Holder of Raleigh, NC, Dean Thompson, of Wingate, NC, Junior Thompson of Clinton, NC, Lisa Thompson of Clinton, NC, Janice Thompson, Tamika Thompson and Rebecca Edwards, all of Jamaica, WI, all of whom will cherish her memory.
Sister Thompson also leaves to cherish her memories, five sisters: Linda Adelikun (Baba Tunde) of Buffalo, NY, Penny Williams of Pensacola, FL, Linday Ashford (Anthony) of Raleigh, NC, Tanisha Darden (Abdual) of Spring Lake, NC, and Sataria Boykin of Portsmouth, VA; one brother, Cecil Boykin, III of Buffalo, NY. She had nine grandchildren. Loretta has many loving aunts and uncles in which she loved dearly. Loretta leaves to cherish her special aunt, Emma Grable of Cornwall, NY and aunt, Nellie Fisher of Roseboro, NC; godson, Maurice Moore of Clinton, NC and goddaughter, Jenean Greene of Poughkeepsie, NY, and many more godchildren. Loretta leaves to cherish a host of nieces, nephews, cousins, and friends whom she loved dearly, as well as special friends: Daisy Ponder of Newburgh, NY and Sonja Whitted of Clinton, NC. Loretta holds a special place in all of our hearts and we have been blessed to have had her in our lives.
Visitation will be held on Tuesday, October 1st, from 1 to 5 p.m. at Butler and Son Funeral Home, Clinton, NC 910-379-1892. Funeral Services will be held on Wednesday, October 2nd, at 1 p.m. at Sampson County Expo. Center, 414 Warsaw Road, Clinton, NC 28328.


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Syria: UN experts head to Damascus suburb
DAMASCUS, Syria (AP) - U.N. chemical weapons experts headed to a Damascus suburb on Wednesday for a new tour of areas struck by a purported poison gas attack, activists said, as the U.S. laid the groundwork for a possible punitive strike and the U.N. chief pleaded for more time for diplomacy.
U.S. leaders, including Vice President Joe Biden, have charged that Syrian President Bashar Assad's government fired deadly chemical weapons near Damascus last week - though they have not presented concrete proof and U.N. inspectors have not endorsed the allegations.
Syria, which sits on one of the world's largest stockpiles of chemical weapons, has denied the charges.
Still, world powers appear to be moving toward a strike against the Assad regime, including by readying possibly legal justifications.
Britain said it will put forward a resolution to the U.N. Security Council on Wednesday to condemn the Syrian government for the alleged attack.
Prime Minister David Cameron's office said Britain would seek a measure "authorizing necessary measures to protect civilians" in Syria under Chapter 7 of the U.N. charter. Military force is one of the options that can be authorized.
Any language that could be read as allowing a military strike is likely to face veto by Damascus allies Russia and China.
In Geneva, U.N.'s special envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi said any military strike must have U.N. Security Council approval.
Britain's parliament is to hold an emergency session Thursday on a motion clearing the way for a British response.
The group Doctors Without Borders has said the purported poison gas strikes near Damascus killed 355 people.
The U.N. chemical weapons experts conducted their first field testing in the western Damascus suburb of Moadamiyeh on Monday. They collected samples and testimony after a treacherous journey through government and rebel-held territory. Their convoy was hit by snipers but members of the team were unharmed.
On Wednesday, a convoy of seven U.N. cars left the Four Seasons Hotel in Damascus. Before their departure, the experts looked at maps and were briefed by U.N. disarmament chief Angela Kane and team leader Ake Sellstrom.
The team did not speak to reporters.
Three Syrian anti-regime activists, speaking on Skype, said the experts were in Eastern Ghouta, a large Damascus suburb affected by the alleged chemical attack. They spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of regime retribution.
The activists said the experts had crossed into rebel-held territory and were being accompanied by members of the Free Syrian Army, the main armed opposition group.
Meanwhile, U.N. chief Ban Ki-moon pleaded for more time to allow the U.N. team in Syria to establish the facts and to give diplomacy another chance to end the Syrian conflict, which has claimed more than 100,000 lives in two and a half years.
Ban said the team already has already "gathered valuable samples and interviewed victims and witnesses."
Brahimi, the U.N. envoy, said that "it does seem like some kind of substance was used" in last week's strikes.
He said the Security Council, whose permanent members are bitterly divided over Syria, must not go "missing in action."
Marking the centenary of a venue for peaceful conflict resolution at The Hague, Ban said: "Here in the Peace Palace, let us say: Give peace a chance. Give diplomacy a chance. Stop fighting and start talking."
Two of Syria's staunchest backers, Iran and Syria, warned of dire consequences if the U.S. and its allies attack in Syria.
Such strikes "will lead to the long-term destabilization of the situation in the country and the region," said Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.
Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani said a Western strike would cause "regional chaos." He said the U.S. should also "be worried about your illegitimate Zionist child in the region," a reference to Israel.
In Israel, large crowds lined up at gas-mask distribution centers, amid speculation that Syria could hit Israel in response to any U.S. strike.
Maya Avishai of the Israeli postal service, which oversees gas mask distribution, said demand has tripled in recent days. About five million Israelis, roughly 60 percent of the population, now have gas masks, she said.


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Nicholas Dawidoff's Collision Low Crossers: A Year Inside the Turbulent World of NFL Football may be the best book I've ever read about football. It is certainly the most detailed account of the players inside the helmets and the coaches obscured from an enthralled public by large, laminated playsheets.
Like a brilliant coach, Dawidoff's approach relies on smart tactics and skillful execution. First of all, he outworked the competition, living with the New York Jets all year. The coaches kept such long hours, and Dawidoff's home was so far away from the training facility, that the coaching staff offered up couches and spare bedrooms to their chronicler.
If the coaches worked until 3 in the morning, Dawidoff worked until 3 in the morning. Dawidoff became so close to the team that defensive coordinator Mike Pettine named a blitz after him and even allowed the writer to call plays in a preseason game.
Dawidoff reveals the game through his access and skills of observation and expression. Jets fans, who wondered what went wrong during a disappointing 8-8 season in 2011, will revel in details, like linebacker Aaron Maybin's need to wear wristbands with plays written on them because he simply couldn't remember his assignments.
Also compelling: the explanation behind key plays in a late-season loss to the New York Giants that essentially eliminated the Jets from playoff contention.
In that game, Jets safety Brodney Pool's absence on a Victor Cruz 99-yard Giants touchdown was baffling. His ineffective tackling on an Ahmad Bradshaw touchdown run was also ruinous. Dawidoff reports Pool was likely concussed during an earlier play.
Dawidoff never calls Pool's condition a concussion, but describes Pool as half-blind and disoriented on the sideline. Pool insisted the coaches not be told of his condition because he was sure head coach Rex Ryan would remove him from the game. As Jets then-defensive leader Jim Leonhard says, Ryan "wants guys to be healthy. He knows it's bigger than football. He doesn't put people in harm's way."
That assessment of Ryan rings true throughout the book, and Dawidoff calls him the most inspirational person he's ever met. Throughout Collision Low Crossers, Dawidoff humanizes the coaches and players.
For instance, the Jets offensive coordinator, Brian Schottenheimer, was fired after the 2011 season. From hundreds of calls to sports radio and dozens of conversations with friends and family members who are Jets fans, I haven't heard one person express remorse for that personnel decision. Typical of the criticism of the coordinator was this passage on Sports Illustrated:
"For many the fault will lie with offensive coordinator Brian Schottenheimer, who's likely to play the role of scapegoat in light of New York's failure to make the playoffs. That's fine — the Jets were unimaginative in their play-calling for much of the season and often failed to take advantage of their talented roster."
That's unfathomable, Dawidoff says. "If anything, like a lot of coaches, what he had going for him was imagination. What a coach can do is spend his whole life looking at his opponent, trying to understand his opponent, trying to understand his deficiencies."
That kind of respect for the coaches might not be what fans want to hear. We're always told the game is remorseless, a notion that practically demands callousness among fans. Discovering the drive, humor, dedication and humanity in our gladiators could shake the screaming partisans and the fire-the-coach callers on sports radio.
Collision Low Crossers resonates with the fan who has a long connection to the game, who either played, coached, or both. A fan for whom the bonds of a Pop Warner or high school team were meaningful, and for whom the NFL is an exulted, yet mysterious destination.
"Collision Low Crossers" is a new book from author Nicholas Dawidoff about the New York Jets' 2011 season. He spent an entire year with the team, and the result is a perspective rarely seen from America's favorite sport. He spent a football Sunday in a bar with NPR's Mike Pesca talking about the Jets and how this book came to be.
MIKE PESCA, BYLINE: Molly Pitcher's Ale House, Upper East Side of Manhattan. Most of the fans sipping their Bloody Marys and scarfing down brunch burritos are New York Jets fans. As such, they bemoan the dropped passes, they praise the big hits, they focus their attention when the quarterback connects with a receiver. Nicholas Dawidoff knows that fans glimpse but a sliver.
NICHOLAS DAWIDOFF: One of the things I most liked about it was that the public and I - as a member of the public - are watching something that on some small level we understand what the results are. But what's really happening, it's all process, and we have no idea of the process.
PESCA: So we settle in as the game is about to start. As I begin to interview him, I say: Listen, if this is a blowout, by no means do you have to stay. Dawidoff says: Oh, I would never miss a minute. The game is about to kick off.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Buffalo has won the toss. They've deferred to the second half. Rex Ryan, his fifth year as the head coach of the Jets.
PESCA: It was Rex Ryan who first interested Dawidoff, a casual football fan. Ryan was brash, funny, loud and huge. Dawidoff would soon come to see him as the most inspirational person he'd ever met. But it wasn't necessarily football that Dawidoff, a Pulitzer Prize finalist, was drawn to. He writes stories about outsiders who joined established institutions and come to affect the culture. Country stars, the topic of one of Dawidoff's books, fall into that category. So do CIA agents, who Dawidoff compares to football people in that they're resigned to living in a world thought to be understood by outsiders but which is actually obscured.
And that's how Dawidoff saw his role here, to demystify. The players may be mountainous, but they've seldom been fleshed out. And the coaches, especially the assistants, well, they're the guys who fans blame for losses. They're hidden behind visors and headphones speaking in a type of cant. Dawidoff came to see them differently.
DAWIDOFF: They're NFL coaches for a reason. They are seriously motivating, nurturing, intelligent, kindhearted, dedicated people. I mean...
PESCA: One day, Rex Ryan approach Dawidoff and asked him a question. Ryan knew that Dawidoff's father was a distant troubled figure who battled mental illness. You're expecting a child. Does being a dad worry you, given your own history, the coach wanted to know. What's that like? Dawidoff was touched.
DAWIDOFF: You know, a lot of people in my life who know all about my childhood, they've never asked me anything about this. And it was just completely natural for Rex to ask about it. And that might seem like a very personal line of (unintelligible) for somebody who doesn't know you that well, but Rex is completely used to talking to people on the most intimate terms. People reciprocate at that level of comfort, and they become closer to him and they'll do more for him.
PESCA: Soon, our talk turned to Mike Pettine, the Bills' defensive coordinator, whose team was having its way with the Jets. He was interrupted as a Jets defenseman made a big play.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Dump off. Jackson is caught from behind. It's Sheldon Richardson. He's in the running.
DAWIDOFF: What a beautiful and seductive thing to - oh, that's a beautiful play. This guy Richardson is going to be a sensational NFL player.
PESCA: That was one of the few highlights for the Jets. Though Dawidoff has as different a take on loss as he does on the other gladiatorial narratives we've been fed about football, a main reason for football's popularity, he says, is that the sport actually doesn't usually have a happy ending.
The coaches and players certainly yearn to win. But they know, or at least they intuit, that loss is more revealing. To reveal was Dawidoff's purpose and his accomplishment with this book. Mike Pesca, NPR News, New York. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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If you're thinking of buying this product using a cashback deal why not use the road.cc Top Cashback page and get some top cashback while helping to support your favourite independent cycling website
Tyre levers is tyre levers, right? Well, not quite. Some are better than others and the Shuttle 1.2 set are up there with the best. They're a clever and unique set that perform really well.
Made from 'engineering grade' plastic (so, plastic then) the set comprises two levers. The short yellow one has a narrow tip to grab the first bead section and a spoke clip to hold it in place. Once that's in you can work with the longer and wider black lever to unseat the bead the rest of the way round. The extra leverage makes even the toughest combinations simple to remove, and the bigger lever sits much easier in the hand than some of the more minimal offerings out there.
At eight quid a set they're not cheap but the Shuttle 1.2 levers are among the best I've tried. If you struggle with standard sized levers then this set is a definite boon, as the long lever means you don't have to lean as hard to make the tyre pop out. Even if you don't struggle, you'll still love 'em.
Great quality and top performance. A lot to pay for tyre levers but you get your money's worth.
road.cc test report
Make and model: Topeak Shuttle 1.2 tyre levers
Size tested: n/a
Did you enjoy using the product? Yes
Would you consider buying the product? Yes
Would you recommend the product to a friend? Yes
About the tester
Age: 36 Height: 190cm Weight: 99kg
I usually ride: Schwinn Moab, urbanised with 700cs My best bike is: Trek 1.5 with upgrades
I've been riding for: 10-20 years I ride: Every day I would class myself as: Experienced
I regularly do the following types of riding: time trialling, commuting, sportives, general fitness riding, fixed/singlespeed, mtb, Mountain Bike Bog Snorkelling, track
Dave is a founding father of road.cc and responsible for kicking the server when it breaks. In a previous life he was a graphic designer but he's also a three-time Mountain Bike Bog Snorkelling world champion, and remains unbeaten through the bog. Dave rides all sorts of bikes but tends to prefer metal ones. He's getting old is why.


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- Meditation
- Buddhism
- Retreats
- Stress Reduction
- Yoga
- Tai-Chi
How to book: The Journey and the Guide - CANCELLED
|Advance payment required
|£130.00 / £90.00 Conc.
|Please contact the office for possible spaces.
Explanation of payment procedures
Advanced payment required: In addition to booking online, phone with your credit/debit card details to 01223 577553, or post a cheque payable to "Cambridge Buddhist Centre" to: Cambridge Buddhist Centre, 38 Newmarket Road, Cambridge, CB5 8DT including the name of the course, your name, a daytime phone number and your email address if you have one. You can download a booking form here.
Cancellation policy: We require five working days in order to cancel your booking; beyond this time refunds are not usually possible. There is a £5 administration fee which we will deduct from your payment should you need to cancel.
Donations: We welcome donations for these events but make no fixed charge and don't require advanced booking unless otherwise mentioned.