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It's with great anticipation in my heart that I invite you to turn with me to Daniel chapter 8. I'm convinced that this study of the Book of Daniel is timely for us at this hour of our history. It speaks to issues that are current and provocative. We're going to find, particularly as we continue to flow from chapter 7 through chapter 12, that the prophecies that we see are gonna be easily marked as we examine the history of our very own age. We've already had that experience as we've moved through the first seven chapters, and we'll have no less an experience as we go from chapter 8 to 12, beginning with chapter 8 tonight.
Again, the chapter is a long chapter; 27 verses and some of them rather lengthy. It's well nigh impossible to cover the whole chapter in one shot and do any kind of justice to the tremendous intricacies of the prophecy that is here. And so we're going to take our time and unfold the outline as the Spirit of God gives direction. Basically, as you'll note if you have your outline with you, the chapter deals with three horns. If you'll indulge my alliteration a little bit, the big horn, the little horn, and the final horn. Tonight and next time for sure, we'll be discussing the significance of these three distinct characters who, though distinct, yet have a commonness about them that is startling and amazing.
Lemme begin by saying this. The world is full of false messiahs, and we shouldn't be surprised. They've been around in every era of man's history. We can trace backwards to the time of the Book of Genesis, and we can see the birth of false religious systems at Babel. And in line with false religious systems are always the leaders who lead the systems. And so man has had a legacy of false messiahs since the very beginnings. We have them in our own time, as other societies have had them. We've had our cult leaders. We've had our Father Divines and Charles Mansons and our Jim Jones and all the others who go along with the false messiah concept. And I suppose we're not surprised at all, because we anticipate that God's Word will be counterfeited. God's prophets will be counterfeited, and so we expect these kind of things. Our Lord said that there would appear, after His lifetime, many pseudocristos, many phony Christs, many false messiahs, if you will. He said many of them would come in His name, and they would be very effective, deceiving many.
Satan, of course, is the author of false religious systems. He goes about disguised as an angel of light. That is, he defines himself in terms of the truth, but is not the truth, but is, in fact, a liar and the father of lies. And so we will note that as all history flows by, Satan will be counterfeiting reality. Now, Daniel points us in this direction in the eighth chapter. At the end of the chapter, he points, I believe, to the ultimate antichrist, the ultimate pseudochristos, antichristos, the false messiah, none other than the son of perdition, the man of sin that we know as antichrist. But along the path of chapter 8, he introduces us to two other individuals in history. Two who haven't even lived when he wrote this, but who would live and would fulfill explicitly the prophecies indicated in this chapter. It is not only a prophecy of the antichrist, it is a prophecy of two who will come as other false messiahs, and by their own lifestyle and pattern, they will reveal something of the power and the character of that final antichrist. They're like signposts along the way to remind society as it moves through history to its consummation of what the false messiah will be like.
Now, you'll remember that some months ago, we discussed how Hitler was a graphic illustration of the nature of the antichrist. Well, backing up prior to that, there are two other men in history, two men whom Daniel pinpoints as those we can mark as patterns or pictures in some way or another of how the antichrist will be, although we must admit they will not be able to approximate the ultimate terror of that final individual. They do give us some insight.
The first one Daniel calls the big horn. The second one he calls the little horn, and the third or the last and final one we'll call the ultimate or final horn. And, as you know, if you've been with us in our study of Daniel, horn stands for power or authority or dominion or might or strength. And in Daniel's case, it is used to mark one who takes the place of rulership.
Now, one of the major thrusts of Daniel's prophecy is to focus on this final, ultimate antichrist. This final man of sin, son of perdition, willful king, king of fierce countenance, this final little horn. He calls him by all of these various names. This final prince that shall come, as he calls him in chapter 9. Daniel focuses, in fact, and I want you to remember this, Daniel focuses in chapter 7 to 12 more on that individual than any other character...Daniel is giving a prophecy, I believe, of hope to Israel. They are in the midst of their captivity, but Daniel's prophecy is to remind them that God will not fail them. That, yes, there will be a time of the Gentiles. Yes, there will be an era of Gentile or pagan dominion over Israel. Yes, there will be a period of time when the world is ruled by ungodly men. But that will end in the glorious coming of Jesus Christ. And he has pointed to that, hasn't he, so graphically in chapter 7 when we find the Ancient of Days giving the Kingdom to the Son of Man.
So Daniel is saying, even though we're in captivity, it isn't the end. There will be a great and glorious restoration. There will be a great and glorious Kingdom as has been promised by the prophets. But Daniel has another message. Before things get better, they're gonna get what? Worse. And that's the reason he focuses so much on the antichrist. And on those who are sort of preliminary pictures of him. So that as the people of God wait for the unfolding of the Kingdom of God, they are not disillusioned when they see things getting worse. I think the Apostle Paul gives us something of the same kind of an insight when he says we shouldn't be surprised that evil men, 2 Timothy 3:15, shall grow worse and worse. That we shouldn't be surprised when the man of sin or the son of perdition, 2 Thessalonians 2, appears, because the consummation cannot happen until after that.
And so Daniel, having stated the coming of the Kingdom, now starts to deal with the details given to him in the visions of God. And the details show that things will get worse before they get better. There will be some fearful chastenings of the people of God. And then a final holocaust under the pressure of this final beast, this final antichrist, this final ruler of the final form of the final Gentile dominion. And so I believe that his purpose is clearly indicated as we come to these final chapters of Daniel's prophecy.
To understand, then, chapters 7 to 12, is to understand that that Daniel is focusing his attention on this final world ruler. This is the theme that he really has in mind. He discusses him in chapter 7, chapter 8, chapter 9, chapter 11, before he consummates things in chapter 12. He gives great attention to this individual...and even to events that are going to happen before he comes that they may act as signposts.
Now, as we look at chapter 8 tonight and next time, we're going to consider not only that final antichrist, but the two individuals, first of all, who mark the path, who show the way he's going to be when he finally arrives. The two, if you will, false messiahs that are in Daniel's mind to present to us. In a sense, we might call them forerunners to the final man of sin. So we meet in this chapter, then, three false messiahs. It is really an incredible prophecy, people. It is so explicit. It predicts, not the birth of one man, but the birth of three. It predicts not the character of one man, but the character of three. It predicts with specificity something of their kind of character and how they function and how they rule and how they conquer. In fact, we have here the history of these three individuals long before any of them are ever born. And it is marvelous to me that God is not only in the business of controlling the destiny of His own people, but He is in the business of controlling the destiny of those who are even against His own people...
I want you to note something. From chapter 2 in verse 4 clear to the end of chapter 7, the language in Daniel has been Aramaic. In other words, it has been the language of Babylon. Because the message has been primarily directed to the Gentiles or to those occupied in a Gentile land. And so this massive portion of Scripture, from 2:4 to 7:28, appears in Aramaic. But all of a sudden, when you entered chapter 8, it changes back to Hebrew, and the language is now Hebrew. People have asked why. And the answer's very simple. There's a tremendous change in emphasis. From here on, now mark this, Daniel will be speaking about the times of the Gentiles, but he will be speaking about the times of the Gentiles as they relate to Israel...
Previously, he's spoke of the times of the Gentiles as they related to the world of the Gentiles. How they would build their dominions. How the four great empires would take place. How there would be a final ten-nation confederacy. How there would come a final ruler. And how the whole system would ultimately come crashing down when Christ took His Kingdom. Now, he backtracks a little bit to give details, but he speaks now concerning the times of the Gentiles or Gentile world dominion as it relates to Israel. And, therefore, he goes back to the language of God's people.
Now, lemme just distinguish, if I may for a moment, chapter 7 from chapter 8. The first of Daniel's visions, chapter 7, not the first vision in the book. There were other visions, but this is the first to Daniel. The first of Daniel's visions is a broad summary of the times of the Gentiles. It goes all the way from the life of Daniel to the return of Christ. And it touches the climactic events that culminate in the Second Coming.
Now watch this. The second vision in chapter 8...concerns only the Medo-Persian and Greek elements of that bigger vision. Remember, that in the first vision, Daniel saw that there would be four world empires: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and what was the final one? Rome. And that Rome would be restored in a ten-nation confederacy in finality, over which the antichrist would gain dominion and rule, and his power will be shattered in the coming of Christ. So the sweep is there...
But, now, the second vision given by God zeroes in on the period of the Medo-Persians and the Greeks. And it draws some incredible prophecies into history that are to be fulfilled. And it focuses on them in relationship to Israel. Particularly drawn out of that era in the transition from the Medo-Persian to the Greek empire, are two rulers who are pictures of that final world ruler...
And so what are we saying? The second half of the book touches on Israel and how Israel is going to suffer along the road from those who are in the...in the path, as it were, of antichrist, until that final day when antichrist brings the holocaust. It's really a preparation for suffering. Let's go back then and begin in chapter 8 verse 1, and I wanna set the scene...the scene. And, by the way, Daniel sees in his vision animals as he has in the past, but distinct.
Verse 1, "In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar, a vision appeared unto me, even unto me, Daniel, after that which appeared unto me at the first. And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in a vision, and I was by the river of Ulai." We'll stop right there.
Now, we need to get the setting here, because the setting is really significant. "In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar." The first vision, you will remember, came in the first year of Belshazzar. This one comes in the third year of Belshazzar. Somewhere around 551 BC, and if you've been with us, that might fit into the scheme of things. And Daniel, I estimate, would be between 69 and 70 years of age. Now, the first thing we note about this is God's timing in the scene. God's timing is perfect. Chapter 5, now, think with me on this, chapter 5 records the fall of Babylon to the Medo-Persians. You remember Belshazzar was having a big feast, and they were all drunk and carrying on an orgy, and the handwriting on the wall said, "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin, you are weighed in the balances and found wanting. The kingdom is removed from you," and so forth. They were having this big feast, and while they were having their big party, in came the Medes and the Persians. That's chapter 5.
Now, this vision came well before the events of chapter 5...and so we're backing up chronologically. And it is prophetic of the Medes and the Persians before they ever actually took Babylon. Now notice, again, in verse 1, "In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar, a vision appeared to me." Now, the vision that he had in chapter 7, he had when he was asleep, and this one he had when he was awake. And so we see not only God's timing, but God's method...This vision is a warning of future chaos, of future suffering, of future problems. And because it was given before the Medo-Persians came, when the Medo-Persians came, you see, that wouldn't be a shock to the Jews. God had already prepared their hearts...
And God is unique in His method. Last vision he got, he got asleep. This one he gets when he's awake. And I think there's a way...there's a thought behind that. I think God does that in order prevent any human devices...He gives things sovereignly, and we cannot predict how or when or where in a prophetic sense.
There's a third thing here. We see not only God's timing and God's method, but God's man. And even he is shocked. He says, "A vision appeared unto me, even unto me, Daniel." To me. Daniel perceives himself as an ordinary man. Daniel is shocked by this, "Appeared unto me, even unto me." And I believe that this is one of the virtues of godliness, and that is that there's always a feeling of overwhelming unbelief that God could ever use me...I...I see this with John the Apostle. He says...he doesn't say, "And I saw the holy city." He says, "And I, just John, I, John saw the holy city." It's overwhelming to him, and he repeats that several times in the Book of the Revelation. "And I, John, just plain John, saw that." He's overwhelmed by such graciousness on God's part that God would grant him such a revelation. This was cause for wonder. This was an overwhelming sense of unworthiness, brought to the surface, surprise and thrill.
Like C.S. Lewis says, "Surprised by joy." Shocked that God should be so favorable, and I guess I have to believe that God's choice leaders have always been that way. Don't you?...I mean every time God tried to get a really godly man to do a job, he always wanted to back out of the job because he felt inadequate, right? Moses says, "I can't do that, Lord. Do You really realize who You're talking to? I'm just me, Moses. I have a speech problem, and who am I?"
And some of 'em argued that they weren't from the right kinda stock or breed. That's always the way with humility. And so Daniel is somewhat overwhelmed that he's God's man. There's something about that that I love. Do you realize if you received a revelation from God, that would be tremendous cause for great joy, wouldn't it? To say, "God chose me to be the vehicle. God gave His revelation to me." As I was thinking about that, I realized that, if that was exciting for Daniel, what must it be like for me when I have all of His revelations. What an incredible thought. And sometimes I take it all for granted, and I forget how favored I am to have His Word. What about you? Daniel was overwhelmed.
The next verse tells us the scene and gives us something of God's exactness when He gives a prophecy. Daniel was in Babylon, I believe, at this time. But in his vision, he was transported to Shushan...to Shushan. And he was transported to Shushan by the river Ulai. Lemme give you a little background about that. Shushan is called also Susa, by the Greeks, S U S A, Susa. You'll find it in your history books. It is a city about, well, let's see, nowadays there's a village left there called Shush. But it's left, I think, the ruins pretty much on the old and ancient location. So it's located about 230 miles directly east of Babylon and about 120 miles north of the Persian Gulf. I mean it's way back in nowhere. That's desert out there...
Now, at the time Daniel wrote, Shushan was just an eastern town at the extremity of the Babylonian Empire. It was in the province, and that word is maybe not a technical term, maybe just a general term. It was in the area of Elam. But after Daniel's time, mark this, Shushan became the royal city of the Medes and the Persians. For Daniel, in his prophesy, to pick out that, for the Spirit of God to nail down Shushan as a city of great significance, where such a vision would occur, would be obscure to the time in which Daniel lived. Because, at that time, it had no significance. Later on, the Medes and the Persians under Cyrus affirmed it as a royal city. And listen to this. When Esther sat on her throne as queen, she sat in the palace built by Darius in the city of Shushan. And when Nehemiah was to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the wall, he was commissioned and departed from where he dwelt, and it was in the city of Shushan. So it became a very significant city later on.
Now notice, again, he saw in a vision, and what he saw was in Shushan in the palace. The Hebrew word is a very broad term. It is used, for example in 1 Chronicles 1, or 29:1, rather, 1 Chronicles 29:1, to describe the temple in Jerusalem. It is sometimes in extra-Biblical sources translated as a fortress. Other times as a palace. Whatever it was, it was the official place. By the way, Shushan has some other significance. Have you ever heard of the Code Of Hammurabi? The old critics of the Old Testament used to say that Moses could never have lived that long ago and written the Ten Commandments and all the stuff that the Pentitude claims. Because when Moses lived that long ago, nobody knew that kinda stuff. There was no law. Nobody had...nobody was smart enough to figure out a code of ethics. That was a primitive time, you know, with guys running around with clubs hitting women on the head and dragging 'em into a cave. That was not a sophisticated time.
And so Moses, the critics said, could never have written the law that long ago. And then somebody was nosing around Shush and dug up the Code of Hammurabi, which was a sophisticated, ethical, moral law from the time of Moses. That's a significant little town all of a sudden. And it was there, as I said, that Darius built his magnificent Persian palace where Esther served as queen. And, by the way, you might be interested to know that, at the village of Shush, or near it, archeologists have uncovered the palace and the fortress of which Daniel wrote...At that time, it probably never even existed. But it does, and you can go there today and see it.
Now, what about the river Ulai? Very interesting. Very interesting. The word river, do you see it there? It was by the river...That is the only time that word for river is ever used in the Bible. It's in this chapter. It is a very obscure and strange word for river. It is not the normal word for river. Aha! We might assume, then, that whatever the Ulai is, it is not a normal river...Hmmmmm.
The archeologists have discovered that running through the area of Shushan, just on the northeast of the city, was an artificial canal built to transport water between two rivers that flowed north and south. It was a river, or really a canal 900 feet wide. It was called Ulais by the classic writers. But it wasn't a normal river. It was a man-made, 900-foot wide channel. Amazing. Spirit of God had a special word for a special kinda river.
Summing up the scene then, Daniel is in Babylon. He finds himself projected in a vision to a town little known at the time. A town which had no suspicion of its coming future grandeur. A town destined to be the imperial, royal city of the Persians. The city of Esther, the city of Nehemiah, a town which became so great that today to modern village of Shush stands besides its ruins, which are testimony to all in the world that God's Word is true. And the vision which follows, that takes place in that city is startling.
But before we look at the vision, just one more thing. This vision was so special, that God had to interpret it. So look over at verse 15 for a minute...Daniel's not always chronological, or he doesn't get his visions in chronological order, and so he kind of sticks things here and there. But verse 15 tells us that God gave him an interpretation. God gave him a way to understand this, and it was a tough thing to understand. In fact, if you look at the end of verse 27, it says "none understood it." None. It was a tough vision. In order to help Daniel out, look at verse 15. "And it came to pass...really should say while I, and there he goes again...I...I...he says it twice...I...I, Daniel...I love that...Had seen the vision and sought for the meaning, then behold, there stood before me one having the appearance of a man."
He says, now notice that little phrase, "sought for the meaning." He was seeing this vision. I don't how visions work. I mean people always say, "Well, how does a vision work?" I don't have any idea. I don't have any idea. But it is as real as reality is for the one who receives it. However it was, he was seeing this before him as John saw a visions on Patmos. And it was all unfolding in front of his mind's eye. And as it was unfolding, he was struggling in his head with the meaning of it all. And no doubt, after having had a previous vision two years before, and having interpreted a couple of Nebuchadnezzar's visions, he was trying to fit the pieces of the puzzle together in his mind. But not having the...the hindsight that we have, it was very difficult. And so the Lord recognizes this, and the Lord sends along somebody to help him.
You know, that's always the way it is with God. I don't believe God ever gave His Word to His people to keep them in the darkness. People say, "Ohhhhh, the Bible is so hard to understand." It isn't really hard to understand. You know, some people will come up to me...in fact, this morning, some men came up to me and said, "You know something? Our pastor teaches the same thing that you taught."...You know what I said? "He's got the same Bible." Not that tough. I got a letter from a fellow recently, he said, "I have discovered in my Bible these truths, and then I got your book, and you believe the same things." Same Bible. It's not that tough...
I don't believe God's trying to keep us in the dark. I believe a wayfaring man, though he be a fool, need not err. Because God not only gives us His Word, but, if needed, He gives us His interpreter, too. And for us in this age, who is it? It's the Spirit of God. First John 2, "You don't have any need for man's understanding. God's given unto you an anointing. And that anointing is none other than the Spirit of God to lead you into all truth and bring all things to your remembrance." And so we have here, then, God giving Daniel a vision, and God giving Daniel and interpretation. The only thing that...the only time I should say that God veils the meaning of things is to the darkened minds of unbelievers. To His own children, He wants to open the meaning.
To me, that's the greatest confidence there is. I start out every week with a blank. I do. I go in there, and I've never preached on the passage before. You're getting the first sermon I've ever preached in my life on Daniel 8. People say, "Oh, it's so complex. How did you ever figure it out?" You just go in there, and the first thing I say is, "Lord, there's a lotta stuff in this chapter, and You're gonna have to be my teacher. The words are here, but I want the message that You give in this text." And I find that week after week after week, I experience the exhilaration and the thrill of the Spirit of God unfolding to me the meaning of the Word of God. That's a wonderful, wonderful joy.
So God sends a messenger, verse 15. I gotta quit preaching and keep going. "Behold, there stood before me on having the appearance of a man." Now, we know that angels could take on a human appearance. I think it's kind of interesting that the word for man is gabor. You say, "Why is that interesting?" Because it means a mighty man. Gabor, and the consonants in Hebrew are G, B, R. You know what the Hebrew word for God is? What is it? Two letters...El, E L. From Eloheem.
Now you take G B R, and you add El at the end, and guess who you get? Gabriel. Good, class...Gabriel, and you get it verse 16. "And I heard a man's voice between the banks of the Ulai, who called and said, 'Gabriel, make this man to understand the vision.'" Isn't it interesting that in the pre-Holy Spirit era, if you wanna use that term, although Holy Spirit was very active in the sense of indwelling believers, angels were the interpreters many times? How fascinating. And a voice comes booming out of the sky between the banks of the river, thundering down in his vision. It says, "Gabriel," who must be the gabor, the mighty man, "make this man to understand the vision." God used His angel, Gabriel. Now, Gabriel is a fascinating angel. He is unique. He is God's official...publicity man. He is the guy who makes the big announcements...He comes to Zacharias, and he says, "Zacharias, you are going to have a son, and your son will be the forerunner of the Messiah, and he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink to turn many of the hearts of people of God...and the children of Israel to God." And he goes on to this, and it is Gabriel who makes the announcement to Zacharias about the birth of John the Baptist.
Little while later, he comes to a virgin by the name of Mary, and he makes another pretty significant announcement, doesn't he? "You're gonna have a child, too. He's gonna be Emmanuel, God With Us." So I'd say stuff's pretty important when Gabriel gets the assignment. "Gabriel, you tell that man what this means. God wants him to know." By the way, the only other angel named in the Bible, apart from Lucifer who was Satan, the only other angel named is whom? Michael. And Michael is super-angel. He is champion angel. He is hero angel. He wins all the big wars. Later on, we'll see how Michael gets into the Book of Daniel. The Lord...there's a demon messing up the action, an the Lord says, "Michael, get him."...Michael comes outta heaven and does a number on whoever that demon is...Michael is the angelic leader.
So the powerful presence of Gabriel, and I guess Gabriel and Michael and...and Lucifer might have been some kind of a triumvirate in...in the economy and the strata of angelic being. We know there is such a strata from Ephesians chapter 6 and from Ephesians chapter 1. And so Gabriel is dispatched to give clear meaning, and I believe the voice you hear in 16 is the voice of God commanding the angel, for who could command such a high angel as Gabriel other than God Himself?
Verse 17, "So he came near where I stood. And when he came...and this is kinda good. Gabriel comes over beside Daniel in the vision. Daniel sees himself in the vision, and Gabriel comes over alongside of him, wants to get near him. And what was Daniel's reaction?...And when he came, I was...the Hebrew says terrified...and fell on my face." Now, it's normal for mortals to have that kind of a reaction in the presence of a supernatural being. We find it over and over again in Scripture. We find that in Isaiah chapter 6, for example, when Isaiah beheld the glory of God and the majesty of God, and he saw the angels come out, he just completely fell apart, didn't he? Said, "Woe is me, for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell admidst a people of unclean lips. I'm undone." He needed to purified, didn't he? And he had the same kind of a collapsing reaction. Job had the same reaction when he really saw God and perceived God in all of His majesty, and said, "I abhor myself in dust and ashes."
And I believe that in the presence of the holiness of the supernatural, there is an overpowering sense of sinfulness. And Daniel, even in his vision, collapses at the feet of the angel. And I believe this is not uncommon. We find it with John. And John and Daniel are so much alike. They must be having a great time in eternity, just comparing notes, because in Revelation 19, when the angel came to give a message to John, you remember what he did? He fell down in front of the angel, too. Gabriel's presence was intimidating. Supernatural holy angel of high rank. But, wonderfully, his presence there was not to condemn Daniel for some sin or to browbeat him for some omission in his life. But his presence was reassuring. Daniel was afraid, it says in 17, "Fell on his face, but he said unto me, 'Understand, O son of man, for at the time of the end shall be the vision.'" Hmmmmm.
He says, "Now, Daniel, you must understand the vision. It is a vision...watch this...about the time of the end. The vision shall be taking place at the end." This then, beloved, is a prophecy running to the end. That's why I believe that in verses 23 to 25 at the end of the chapter when the vision closes out, he stretches all the way to the final antichrist. Some would make the final one the same as one of the earlier ones. But in my own feeling, there is the necessity to stretch it as far as it can go. The time of the end.
Verse 18, "Now as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep on my face toward the ground." Now lemme give you the sequence. In the vision, obviously Daniel wasn't really asleep at this point. The vision came when he was awake. But he sees himself in the vision. The angel sent by God. The angel comes over, stands beside him on the bank of the river in Shushan, and he sees that angel in the vision, and he collapses, and he's on his knees. And the next thing he knows, the angel says, "Understand, O man, son of man, this is a vision of the time of the end." And while he was still speaking, Daniel just fainted flat out in his vision. So what it means, he fell into a deep sleep, literally means he fainted. It is the response of an extreme emotional excitement, so that there is an abnormal loss of consciousness, that he just passes out. Already on his knees. All he has to do is fall down on his nose, and there he is, flat.
And the in verse 18, it says, "But he touched me and set me upright." He restored him. Now, Daniel had the right reaction to a supernatural visitor...You know, it should be with the same kind of reaction that I open the pages of the Word of God that have been delivered to me by the Holy Spirit, right? It is with the same kind of a reaction that I should draw myself to study the Word of God, knowing full well that the resident truth teacher who dwells within me is my instructor. I cannot study the Word of God unless I study on my knees. I must hold in my hand this awesome book, knowing full well in my heart, that this is delivered to me by a supernatural agent. What do we see then?
Daniel's reactions are what our reactions should be. First, to know that we have a Word from God should cause us the kind of exhilarating joy that says, "And to me, even to me, God has given this. Secondly, not only should there be an exhilarating joy, but there should be a sense of overwhelming unworthiness that makes us fall at the foot of the messenger. If you can study the Word of God with flippancy, you've missed the point. Daniel can't. He can't hear God's message with flippancy. And then the angel, I'm sure, gently touched him and stood him up.
And he said, verse 19, "Behold, I will make thee know what shall be in the last end of the indignation, for at the time appointed the end shall come." He starts out by saying this, "I will make you know. I'm gonna instruct you, Daniel. I'm gonna interpret this vision to you, so you'll understand. And you will find out that what happens...now watch this...will be in the last time, but in the last end of the indignation."
Now, indignation refers to God's anger toward Israel. God's indignation over their sin. God's indignation over their disobedience. And as a result of their disobedience and sin, God is indignant with His people. And, as a result of His indignancy, there is a chastening period. In Daniel 11, look at verse 36 for a minute. And here it refers to antichrist, called the willful king or the king who shall do according to his will. And it says in verse 36, "The king shall do according to his will; and shall exalt himself and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvelous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper...the antichrist will flourish...till the indignation be accomplished; for that which is determined shall be done."
In other words, the antichrist will last until God's indignation over his disobedient people is finally finished. So, the angel says to Daniel, "Your vision is a vision of the end, and a vision of the last end of the indignation." Again I say that's why I believe the vision of chapter 8 must stretch to encompass the antichrist who is involved in the last of God's indignation against His people as He chastens and purifies them.
You see, beloved, it is not until the Tribulation, which is another name for the indignation, it is not until the Great Tribulation that "The nation Israel will look on Him...as Zachariah says...whom they have pierced and begin to mourn for Him as an only Son." It's not till then. It's not till then that Romans 11, "And so all Israel shall be saved will come to pass." Thank God for the remnant today. But it is not till then, in the midst of that, when the abomination of desolations occurs in the middle of the seven-year Tribulation. It is not until then that the hearts of Israel are burst open toward the Messiah, and they see, and they're wonderfully one. Not till then. It's not till the chastening is accomplished and finally completed. And so says the angel, "Daniel, you're gonna see a vision that runs all the way to the end. All the way to the end of the end of the indignation."...
Now, having said that, now listen and I'll draw this to a close for tonight. Some of this indignation has been going on throughout the history of Israel. Do you know that? God has chastened His people over and again throughout their history, has He not? There have been periods of peace followed by great periods of...suffering, always seeming to be the legacy of God's people, Israel. The marvel of all marvels is that in the midst of all of it, He's always preserved His people. But there have been times of indignation. Times when God has been angry with His people in a righteous anger over their rebellion and unbelief and rejection...
Now, Daniel is about to see the flow of indignation till its finality. The antichrist is not the only one who will be part of the indignation. There will be two others, among many, but two others whom Daniel points to who will also carry out part of God's chastening on Israel. One he calls the big horn. If you look at verse 5, or the notable horn, means the big horn. And one he calls the little horn, verse 9. In verse 5, the notable or big horn. In verse 9, the little horn. These also mark the path of the history of Israel's chastening, pointing to the final coming of the antichrist.
So Gabriel says, "Daniel, I'm gonna teach you what this means. It reaches to the final ruler and the final persecution...of Israel." Again, let me just say that I believe, again, it has to be the antichrist at the end of the chapter, because antichrist has already been introduced in chapter 7. And the language of this angel has tremendous finality about it that I believe must stretch to the end. The interpretation, then, of verse 19 could be summed up like this. Lemme read you a paraphrase: "I shall cause thee to know by way of explanation what will occur in the latter portion of the indignation known as the Great Tribulation, which will have long before been foreshadowed by the oppression of the big horn and the little horn."...
That's what he's really saying. Now, the question that remains for us is who is the big horn, and who is the little horn. Would you like to know?...The big horn...I'm gonna tell ya...You think you know me, but you don't know me...The big horn is Alexander the Great, and the little horn is Antiochus the Greek who came out of the family of the Seleucids, one of the four generals who took Alexander's dominion. And Antiochus coming out of the element of the Seleucids became the master of Israel. Both of them...manifest characteristics of the indignation and the antichrist. Alexander shows the power of the antichrist. Antiochus shows the character of the antichrist...Alexander shows the power. Antiochus shows the character. It is utterly incredible to see now, and we shall do that, the flow of this chapter as it outlines the career of Alexander the Great before the man was born, and the career of Antiochus Epiphanes, but it chronicles the career of both of those individuals before they were ever born.
It's an incredible insight, and we'll save that till next time. The big horn, the little horn, and then the final horn. Lemme say this in closing for tonight. This has been a Bible study, really, not a sermon. And, yet, I trust that the Spirit of God has spoken to our hearts. I can never study the Scripture without a thrill in the sense that I know I'm communing with the living God. Many things excite me about this chapter. One is that God can predict the future. Is that great? That puts God right where He belongs. The other is that God has given me this incredible Book. And I guess the message for us tonight...is to see in the...the response of Daniel's heart, our own proper response to the Word of God. It's easy to get cold about it, isn't it? Easy to get stale. It's easy to see the Bible as there all the time, and it loses a little of its glow. And then there are always these people in our society who are saying, "Oh, you should be in our movement. We get visions."...
And there's that searching for some supernatural event...and that's a jaded perspective, because God has given to us in the matchless, inerrant, infallible words of this Book all the visions and all the revelations necessary for salvation and perfection. For Paul said to Timothy, "The Scriptures are able to make thee wise unto salvation, and they're able to make you...perfect. Thoroughly furnished unto all good works."
And, beloved, I submit to you this: if you can study the Book of Daniel or any other book in the Bible, and not be thrilled to the point where you say, "And me, even me, God has shown the truth," and find yourself on your knees in adoration before the messenger of the Spirit of God, if you can read the Bible without those two things, something's missing in your life. You've lost your perspective. You're jaded by familiarity...If I ever get to that point, I say, "God, take it away from me until I learn to appreciate it, and give it to somebody who will." Some of us have so many Bibles around our house, we could open a bookstore...and maybe that's just the problem...Let God speak to your heart. Let's pray.
Father, we thank You tonight, again, for the wonderful joy of being together. We do love Your Word here at Grace Church, and just looking out and seeing all of these people lets me know that. I thank You for them. God, may our love for Your Word not be an emotional thing, sentimental. May it express itself in worship, you know, an overwhelming awe that You should be so gracious to us. May we never forget that there is a vast world of millions of people who don't have this Book, and were they to buy it and read it, they wouldn't have understanding, because that comes only by the indwelling Spirit. Oh, how grateful should we be, how thrilled should we be, and how diligent to grasp its pages. You have not given us this Word to confuse us or to frustrate us. For You have given us Your Holy Spirit dwelling within to teach us its truths. And, if we apply ourselves, we know that Your will be fulfilled. May we tonight, Lord, all of us here, covenant in our hearts to seek at Your good and gracious hand a renewed and a fresh love for Your Book. It would be one thing, Father, if it wasn't true, if it's predictions didn't all come to pass. Maybe there'd be an excuse for our indifference. But there is none. For every Word is truth. And so renew our commitment, and we'll thank You in Christ's name. Amen.
This sermon series includes the following messages:
Please contact the publisher to obtain copies of this resource.Publisher Information


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Credits: 3
Fall 2017: Tu,Th, 1:00-2:15, ESC 110
A descriptive overview of baseline biogeochemistry and the nature and behavior of pollutants in the environment. The course is designed to aid future environmental professionals who sometimes may find it necessary to make decisions based on knowledge of environmental chemistry. It is geared to the nonspecialist who needs to establish familiarity with various classes of pollutants and the chemical, biological, and physical processes that control their transport and fate. Topics include the fundamental kinds of chemical reactions in the environment, critical analysis of chemical data, sampling techniques, analytical methods, natural biogeochemical controls on environmental chemistry, as well as detailed examination of contaminants of special interest like acid precipitation, nutrients, and sewage. Prerequisite: college-level general chemistry. Three hours lecture. One class project, problem sets, midterm, final exam. A small number of field trips.Recommended: college-level general chemistry.
F&ES 708 is a prerequisite for:
F&ES 707: Aquatic Chemistry

subset: commoncrawl


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Acid cleaning and disinfectant agent.
Liquid, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid-free, foaming cleaning agent with disinfectant effect
for gentle removal of mineral deposits, scale, rust film, cement haze oil and grease from acidresistant
surfaces with disinfectant effect.
Field of use:
• Industrial cleaning: e.g. removal of lime, urine, beer and milk scale. Removal of rust with simultaneous protection against new corrosion. Removal of cement haze.
• Cleaning of commercial vehicles: e.g. removal of rust film and brake disc abrasion from rail-mounted vehicles, truck tarpaulins and bodies, construction site vehicles and agricultural commercial vehicles.
• Car wash plants: e.g. for removing scale, greases/oil and algae
• Foodstuffs sector: e.g. cleaning with disinfectant effect in butcher's shops
• Sanitary sector: Cleaning with disinfectant effect of tiles. Not suitable for cleaning marble!
Important: In view of the acid concentration, a preliminary test on the surface to be cleaned is generally recommended!
Product benefits:
• Disinfectant (Fresenius report on request)
• Particularly gentle on the material thanks to selected inhibitors, thus suitable also for aluminium, zinc and steel surfaces (Concentration and working time must be determined in a pretest).
• Suitable for use in high-pressure cleaners if recommended by the manufacturer (not for continuous use, flush out after use)
• Powerful (highly concentrated)


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Tooth stains are very common in the modern world. Many people have deal with this embarrassing problem during their lives. Unaesthetic yellow or gray stains leave the impression of an unkept look. Our teeth are visible all the time as we are speaking or laughing. They can tell a lot about our personality and about the way we care for our body or actually neglect it. A wonderful smile arouses interest, facilitates easier social interactions. The regular consume of coffee and tea, years of smoking, irregular dental checkups and poor ... Read More
It is known that there is no everlasting cure for cellulite: lotions and other treatments temporarily diminish the "dimpling" aspect in your skin, making it appear smoother. A proper healthy diet alone doesn't help much: you'll need plenty of exercises to get rid of cellulite. Can Exercise Get Rid of Cellulite? Cellulite is not a superficial cosmetic problem, so you shouldn't rely on creams and lotions to get rid of the "orange-peel" appearance on the back of your thighs and buns: they've been proven ineffective and sometimes ... Read More
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Some people think that washing and shampooing your hair daily can help you get rid of greasy hair. Specialists say that's false because washing your locks too often will over stimulate the sebaceous glands, one of greasy hair causes. Natural Solutions for Greasy Hair Firstly, we would recommend using vinegar. You should mix two tablespoons of vinegar in a cup of distilled water and use this solution for rinsing your hair. It will help you remove excess oil from the hair and scalp. Or you can create a solution by diluting a... Read More
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Our doctors:
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Offering behavioral health services for patients coping with IBD or other gastrointestinal conditions and the lifestyle changes that are associated.
Affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences
| Supplemental content provided by Healthwise, Incorporated. To learn more, visit www.healthwise.org
For help in finding a doctor or health service that suits your needs, call the UPMC Referral Service at 412-647-UPMC (8762) or 1-800-533-UPMC (8762). Select option 1.
UPMC is an equal opportunity employer. UPMC policy prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, sex, genetics, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, familial status, disability, veteran status, or any other legally protected group status. Further, UPMC will continue to support and promote equal employment opportunity, human dignity, and racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. This policy applies to admissions, employment, and access to and treatment in UPMC programs and activities. This commitment is made by UPMC in accordance with federal, state, and/or local laws and regulations.
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Pittsburgh, PA, USA | UPMC.com


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Radeon HD 4850 and 4870 CrossfireX -
6 - Crossfire performance: S.t.a.l.k.e.r. | F.e.a.r.
Gaming: S.T.A.L.K.E.R. - Shadow of Chernobyl
Shortly after another disaster in Chernobyl, the authorities surround the area with the Russian equivalent of the U.S. National Guard, and they begin to hear weird screams and rumblings coming from within. After a while though, most of them are returned to earlier posts. Curiosity gets the better of some people, so they sneak into the 30-kilometer area to do some good old-fashioned investigating. These people are called Stalkers, and they report back to the authorities with their findings.
The 3D engine shines in a few key areas, all crucial in shaping the game's atmosphere. It's got a huge draw distance, which leads to the palpable feeling that this is a big world. Lighting and shadowing are its other big strengths. For this benchmark we have the in-game settings at maximum (AA/AF enabled), Dynamic lighting was enabled.
Image Quality setting:
- In-game Software Anti Aliasing enabled
- 16x anisotropic filtering
- Dynamic lighting enabled
Stalker we set at maximum quality settings, we enable everything possible, also dynamic lighting. S.T.A.L.K.E.R. does not support hardware anti-aliasing, yet uses a software applied method which is enabled as well. Now we look at 2560x1600, one the Radeon HD 4870 pushes 38 FPS, two of them end up at 67 FPS on average.
Two Radeon HD 4850 cards again show off with real value. For 399 USD,- you get to play with leading high-end peformance at 56 FPS in this game.
Gaming: F.E.A.R.
As many of you will be aware, F.E.A.R (or First Encounter Assault & Recon in short) involves a rather mysterious looking girl in a red dress, a man with an unappetizing taste for human flesh and some rather flashy action set pieces aka The Matrix. All of this is brought together by one of the best game engines around.
F.E.A.R. makes its cinematic pretensions clear from the start. As soon as the credits roll, and the music starts, you are treated to the full works. The camera pans across scores of troops locked 'n' loaded and ready to hunt you down, all seemingly linked to 'Paxton Fettel', a strange kind of guy with extraordinary psychic power capable of controlling battalions of soldiers and a habit of feeding off any poor unfortunate innocents - presumably to aid his powers of concentration. It doesnt end there, after a short briefing at F.E.A.R. HQ you are sent off to hunt down Fettel equipped with reflexes that are 'off the chart'. These reflexes are put to excellent use, with a slow motion effects like that of Max Payne, or the before mentioned Matrix. But here, it is oooohhhh so much more satisfying thanks to the outstanding environmental effects. Sparks fly everywhere, as chunks of masonry are blasted from the walls and blood splatters from your latest victim. The physics are just great, with boxes sent flying, shelves tipped over, and objects hurtling towards your head. And the explosions, well, the explosions just have to be seen, and what's so great about this is you can witness it in all its glory in slow motion.
Let me confirm to you that based on this, F.E.A.R. will have you shaking on the edge of your seat, if not falling off it. The tension is brought to just the right level with key moments that will make your heart leap. Play the demo and you will see what I mean. The key to this, is the girl. Without revealing anything significant, lets just say that she could take on the whole of Mars for creepiness.
Image Quality setting:
- 4x Anti Aliasing
- 16x anisotropic filtering
- Soft Shadows Disabled
F.E.A.R. has a built in test which we used to measure performance, you should try it yourself, it's actually really fun to look and compare with our results. Yet F.E.A.R. after all this time still is a tough title for the graphics cards; especially when you configure it to maximum image quality. This game is heavily pixel shaded and shows some dark and creepy effects.
Again 4xAA and 16xAF where applied here. All settings to high, no soft shadows. Yes, it is getting a little boring to see but this just is the reality. At 2560x1600 the 4850 Crossfire pushes out and average of 83 FPS, the two 4870'ies 114 FPS, the GeForce GTX 280 ... 72 FPS.
We test and review the PowerColor Radeon HD 7850 SCS3 today. This stock clocked Radeon HD 7850 is cooled passively, meaning it has no fans tool it down. That also means it's rather silent as it does not make any noise. But what about temperatures then you must be wondering ?
Gigabyte Radeon HD 7790 2GB OC review
We test and review the Gigabyte Radeon HD 7790 2GB OC edition, also known under SKU code GV-R7790OC-2GD. We benchmark the product incl FCAT Frametimes. The new graphics card is intended to boost a little more performance into entry-level gaming. The Gigabyte HD7790 OC 2GB clocks in at 1075 MHz on the boost engine, packed with totally silent custom cooling.
MSI Radeon HD 7790 TurboDuo OC review
We test and review the MSI Radeon HD 7790 OC edition, also known under SKU code R7790-1GD5-OC incl FCAT Frametimes. The new graphics card is intended to boost a little more performance into entry-level gaming.
Radeon HD 7990 review
We review the new AMD Radeon HD 7990 including FCAT frametime measurements. The dual GPU product that you guys learned to know under codename Malta finally is released. AMD it doing it in style, two fully equipped Tahiti XT2 GPUs versus good yet silent cooling. In this review we'll look at the product, the architecture, the benchmarks, including frametime based FCAT measurements. Head on over towards our AMD Radeon HD 7990.


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NCAA reveals championships sites
Sept. 21, 2010
NCAA Release
INDIANAPOLIS -- The NCAA Men's Lacrosse Committees have selected Philadelphia and Baltimore to host the 2013 and 2014 Division I, II and III Men's Lacrosse Championships, respectively.
Philadelphia and Drexel University will host the 2013 NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championships at Lincoln Financial Field May 25-27. This will be the third time overall and first since 2006 that Philadelphia will have hosted the championships.
Baltimore hosting in 2014 will mark the sixth time the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championships have been played in the city, serving previously as the championship site in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2010. Baltimore will also serve as the host for the 2011 NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championships. Baltimore will team up with Johns Hopkins University, Loyola University Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore County and Towson University. All games will be played at M&T Bank Stadium May 24-26.
"Philadelphia and Baltimore have first-class facilities with outstanding staffs and local organizing committees that have proven their championship hosting capabilities," said Dermot Coll, chair of the Division I Men's Lacrosse Committee and associate director of athletics at the U.S. Air Force Academy. "The student-athletes have had great championship experiences in both places, and we expect outstanding events yet again in 2013 and 2014."
The Division I Men's Lacrosse Committee also announced the quarterfinal sites for the 2012 championships.
The quarterfinal sites in 2012 will be hosted by the U.S. Naval Academy at the Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Md., and by Drexel University at PPL Park May 19-20. Navy has hosted three previous quarterfinal sites, while the 2012 event will be Drexel's first.
The 2011-2014 NCAA Men's Lacrosse quarterfinal and championship hosts and sites are listed below.
2011 | Quarterfinal Hosts: Harvard University and Hofstra University | Championships: Baltimore
2012 | Quarterfinal Hosts: U.S. Naval Academy and Drexel University | Championships: Foxboro, Mass.
2013 | Quarterfinal Hosts: TBD | Championships: Philadelphia
2014 | Quarterfinal Hosts: TBD | Championships: Baltimore


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Marquess of Utopia
"You NEED to do this" - Shara
March 22 Clover 10K Lagrange, KY
No set time goals as of right now, but I consider it bad luck for me to state my goals publicly anyway (whenever I do this I seem not to make it)
Jim - Thanks for the welcome, I would like to get back to the level I was at a few years ago, but at this point I think it will take about a 8-12 months or so if I can stay healthy, which is something I've had a problem with the last few years. Lots of starts and stops the past few years due to injury. I especially want to improve my 1/2 Mar. & Marathon PRs, which are significantly sub-par compared to my 10K/15K bests.
I doesn't take a genius to see what happened in that marathon. I'm sure you would have run much faster if you hadn't been so ambitious in the early going. Your PR's at other distances project to something around 2:30 and you were on 2:26 pace half way. I can only imagine how much that last 10k must have hurt. Next time you will do better.
A Saucy Wench
I have become Death, the destroyer of electronic gadgets
"When I got too tired to run anymore I just pretended I wasnt tired and kept running anyway" - dd, age 7
That is exactly what happened, amazing what going out just a few minutes too fast fast can do. I actually held that pace almost exactly through 16+ miles then the wheels came off in an almost amusing and spectacular way.
Just Be
hi folks...just joined. Having no goals after my December 07 marathon finally drove me nutty. I decided to do a 10K spring season with a target race on May 11th. PR is 52 minutes (a year ago), hoping for sub 50 or sub 49. Probably will do a two 10K races before target race as well.


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The Aconceptual Mind
MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.
According to Heidegger, naturalistic thinking is naive and unable to deal with its own essence and limitations. It can only serve the veiled interests of modern Western technology in its inherent inclination to attain global dominance. But these eight thematically intertwined essays face Heidegger's critique of naturalistic thinking habits. The author develops a holistic and antirealistic version of naturalism. This 'holistic naturalism' does not approach nature as a set of entities or things which can be used for technological purposes. Instead, nature is approached as human experience which originally lacks conceptual structure and which can therefore not be fully controlled by a rational subject. (Series A)
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Dear Editor:
In what world does Mayor Zimmer live where she can retain the council president's services for personal use, not disclose this information, and act outraged when people ask for a little transparency?
Reform, ethics, and banning "pay to play" were supposed hallmarks of this administration. Now we're finding out Mayor Zimmer has been hiring the same council president who has donated thousands to mayors across New Jersey only to be given lucrative legal contracts, according to the Star Ledger and Jersey Journal. It sure is good of our esteemed mayor to practically purchase a rubber stamp for her agenda.
Mayor Zimmer can use the term "reformer" all she wants, but I'll go with the more apt description – "hypocrite."
Andrew Katz


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Donald Hall may think he's something for being Poet Laureate of the United States, but as far as I'm concerned, he's no Bat Segundo.
Bat can deny it all he wants, but I know this is love.
As for the things I say on the podcast ... well, considering how little sleep or food I'd had over the course of BEA, it's a wonder I uttered anything even remotely coherent.


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Valuations of Personal Collections of Original Art, Antique Prints and Limited Edition Art Prints for Insurance Purposes or for Resell or Purchase Values.
Cranston Fine Arts The Military Print Company has, over the years, been inundated with requests for valuations of personal items for various reasons including:
We have had to bring in a small charge for this service to cover our employees time, experience and effort.
A set charge of ?20 will be levied for valuation per item, plus information on the item which can be gathered. The valuation we give would be the true value of the item which we would advertise for sale in our commercial premises. If the condition of the item is not clear the value will be given within a certain range. If there are several items, the third item onwards would be charged at ?15 each.
Cranston Fine Arts offer a best price valuation which cannot be guaranteed. We cannot be held responsible for a lesser value being obtained for the item when sold to another party.
The information gathered on the item will be supplied but is not guaranteed. Many items will have no previous commercial record for example being sold by the 24 major military and historical commercial art auction houses, established print sellers and publishers, and museum collections which we are in contact with on a regular basis. The artists may not have specialized in military subjects and therefore may not be recorded as such.
In the rare event that we are unable to find sufficient information to make a valuation of your item(s), we will refund your payment for the item(s). If we make a valuation, the fee is non-refundable.
To request a valuation of an item, send an email to cranstonorders @ outlook.com
In your email, please provide details of artist, title, condition, edition, age etc where possible / applicable.
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Policy I-6
This is an archived version of the policy. See current university policy here
(Approved: UFC 11/29/05, 3/28/06; Trustees 4/7/06)
1. Rationale
All Academic Appointees are required to fully meet the professional obligations of their appointments. Full-time Academic Appointees are expected to devote their primary professional time and energy to carrying out teaching, research, and service responsibilities on behalf of Indiana University. Academic appointees should avoid conflicts of commitment, which arise either when an appointee undertakes outside professional activities that interfere with fulfilling the obligations of his or her academic appointment, or when an appointee undertakes, on behalf of another organization, activities that would ordinarily be performed on behalf of Indiana University. Consistent with the provisions of this University policy, each campus will establish its own procedures for implementation.
2. Policy
- a. Academic Appointees may engage in Outside Professional Activities, provided that these activities do not constitute a Conflict of Commitment and comply with all other applicable University policies.
- b. Full-time tenure-track faculty shall be permitted to spend, on average, one non-weekend day each week during the period of appointment, not including official university holidays, on Outside Professional Activities.
- c. Academic Appointees shall not use University resources in the performance of Outside Professional Activities without the written permission of their dean or unit head and without compensating the University. Where resource usage is de minimis and the cost difficult or impossible to calculate, such use of University resources shall not require reimbursement.
- d. An Academic Appointee's compliance with this policy shall not be determined on the basis of income earned from Outside Professional Activities or the percentage of the appointees' University compensation that such income constitutes, unless required by law.
3. Examples of possible Conflicts of Commitment that must be disclosed
- a. An outside professional activity that may substantially reduce the time available for the appointee to carry out the primary obligations of his or her appointment.
- b. Teaching for another educational institution, including online teaching.
- c. Undertaking externally funded research activities where the financial sponsorship is managed entirely outside Indiana University.
- d. Undertaking activities that compete, or have the potential to compete, with Indiana University in areas that are part of the appointee's University Responsibilities.
4. Implementation
All Academic Appointees at Indiana University must disclose, to their dean or unit head, activities that may represent a Conflict of Commitment. All disclosure statements are to be submitted in writing to the appropriate dean or unit head. The dean/unit head or his/her designee will review submitted disclosure statements within 30 days and will work with the Academic Appointees to determine if a Conflict of Commitment exists and if so, what steps must be taken to eliminate or properly manage that conflict. Administrative decisions will be documented in writing. If the dean/unit head and Academic Appointee disagree, they may seek additional advice regarding the proposed activity from the campus Vice Chancellor/Vice Provost for Faculty and Academic Affairs or equivalent. Appeals from administrative decisions concerning conflicts of commitment are subject to applicable University policies and procedures.
5. Compliance
Instances of deliberate breach of policy, including failure to file or knowingly filing an incomplete, erroneous, or misleading disclosure, or failure to comply with prescribed procedures for managing an identified conflict of commitment, will be adjudicated in accordance with the Code of Academic Ethics and applicable misconduct policies and procedures at the appropriate campus of Indiana University.
6. Application
This policy shall apply to all Academic Appointees, both full-time and part-time. The potential for conflicts of commitment is likely to rise in proportion to the particular commitment that exists between an individual Academic Appointee and the University. For example, the kinds of external activities likely to compete with a full-time appointee's primary duties may not apply to part-time appointees. Accordingly, this policy defines in a consistent manner the types of situations that could pose conflicts and that should be reported. The evaluation of potential conflicts will take into account the particular facts of individual situations, including the nature of the relationship that the University and the Academic Appointee have with each other.
7. Definitions
A Conflict of Commitment arises when an Outside Professional Activity interferes with an Academic Appointee's performance of University Responsibilities.
Academic Appointee refers to any person who has either a full- or part-time academic appointment in the University.
University Responsibilities refers to the responsibilities of an Academic Appointee to perform University Activities as defined by University policy (or in a contract).
University Activities refers to activities related to the research, teaching, and service mission of the University. Service activities include service to the appointee's profession and service to the community that is related to the appointees' professional qualifications.
Outside Professional Activities refers to external activities within the scope of the appointee's professional qualifications that are not undertaken in fulfillment of the University Responsibilities of an Academic Appointee, but which enhance the performance of those responsibilities.
Indiana University or University refers to Indiana University and to any foundation associated with Indiana University.


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This is a copyrighted image that has been released by an individual, company or organization to promote their work or product in the media, such as advertising material, studio portraits ("head shots") or other promotional imagery as part of a press kit.
The copyright for it is most likely owned by the company who created the promotional item or the artist who produced the item in question; you must provide evidence of such ownership. Lack of such evidence is grounds for deletion.
It is believed that the use of some images of promotional material to illustrate:
- the person(s), product, event, or subject in question
- where the image is unrepeatable, i.e. a free image could not be created to replace it
- on Pensapedia hosted on servers in the United States,
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any Other usage of this image, on Pensapedia or elsewhere, might be copyright infringement. See Pensapedia:Non-free content.
Additionally, the copyright holder may have granted permission for use in works such as Pensapedia or Wikipedia. However, if they have, this permission likely does not fall under a free license.
Please note that our policy prefers the use of free-licensed images of living people above copyrighted images used under fair use. Commercial third-party reusers of this image should consider whether their use is in violation of the subject's publicity rights.
To the uploader: This tag should only be used for images of a person, product, or event that is known to have come from a press kit or similar source, for the purpose of reuse by the media. Please add a detailed fair use rationale as described on Wikipedia:Image description page, as well as the source of the image and copyright information. Additionally, if the copyright holder has granted permission, please provide further details as to the terms.
Source: City of Pensacola website
File history
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|Admin (Talk | contribs)
|{{promotional}} Source: [http://cityofpensacola.com/upload/images/CRA/PDFs/AdmiralMasonStormwaterConcept.pdf City of Pensacola website]
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Syd sunglasses
Prices do not include taxes.
Product Details
We wanted our new sunglasses to be really special, so we gave them details like custom-created colors, superstrong hinges and UV-protected lenses. This one is based on the slim frames of the '60s, with a name that's a little classic, a little rebellious. Go behind the design.
If you are shipping this item to California, please click here for Proposition 65 warning.
- Acetate, nickel silver with CR-39 lenses.
- 100% UV protection.
- Optical ready.
- Import.
- Item F5988.


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A person's credit score – and its accuracy – can affect purchasing, loan rates and sometimes job prospects. The library will present a Money Smart U class, How to Build and Improve Your Credit Score, at 6 p.m. Wednesday, March 14.
Tammy Matzdorf, program director of Consumer Credit Counseling Service, will discuss how to improve a credit score, clean up credit and how to obtain a free credit report. Matzdorf has degrees in Accounting and Education.
Health Reform: What it Means for Wisconsin Families will be presented at the main Fond du Lac Public Library at 6 p.m. Thursday, March 8. Presenter Kevin Kane will provide nonpartisan information on what the Affordable Care Act and other health policy changes mean for you, your family and your pocketbook.
The library's three locations will be drop-off sites for the annual Help for the Homeless hygiene drive March 1 through March 25.
Donations of new cleaning and personal care items, such as laundry soap, hair and dental items, diapers and bathroom tissue, will be collected and distributed locally to the Fondy Food Pantry, New Beginnings, Salvation Army and Solutions Center.
The local drive is part of a regional effort that includes Oshkosh, the Fox Cities, Manitowoc and Brown County and spearheaded by Appleton radio station 91.9/91.5 The Family.
Hickory Dickory Dock, the kids played with the clock. They also played with the dancing frogs, the wave and magnet letters.
The Cat in the Hat was silly but smart. He said, "The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go."
We seem to be a culture obsessed with self-improvement. And for good reason—a better skill set, a new certification, a good education can help you land a new job or a promotion. The library is committed to helping job seekers, whether through our Opportunity Center, JobSmart and MoneySmart classes, or by providing resources that help you advance personally and professionally.
In honor of Valentine's Day, this post is dedicated to my love of romance novels. I admit it. I am an incurable romantic. I love that light-headed, stomach dropping, lump-in-your-throat feeling you get when the man you love says something sweet, does something silly that touches your heart. What do I look for in a good romance novel? I want my heart to flutter, I want to laugh....and cry too....
Time for Outrage is a book written by a ninety something Frenchman. So why should you pick it up? This slim little book doesn't look like much and only takes about 30 minutes to read, but it is both an inspiration and a history lesson in one. Hessel was a member of the French Resistance in World War II, worked closely with the postwar French government, and helped to craft the UN Declaration of Human Rights.
Robert Massie has written several books about the Romanov dynasty in Russia, including a biography of Peter the Great for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. After years of research, Massie recently released a biography of Catherine the Great.
A book is the only place in which you can examine a fragile thought without breaking it, or explore an explosive idea without fear it will go off in your face. It is one of the few havens remaining where a man's mind can get both provocation and privacy. ~Edward P. Morgan
Are you looking for a new book to read? Are you struggling to find something that really suits your mood or taste? As always, we can help.


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If you think your baby is having a reaction to cows' milk, talk to your health visitor or GP. If your baby is diagnosed with a milk allergy, your GP can prescribe alternatives to cows' milk-based infant formula.
If you think your baby is having a reaction to cows' milk, see your GP to discuss your concerns.
They will be able to assess if your baby's symptoms may be caused by a cows' milk allergy or something else. Make sure you get medical advice before taking cows' milk out of your child's diet as it contains important nutrients.
Cows' milk allergy (CMA), also called cows' milk protein allergy, is one of the most common childhood food allergies. It is estimated to affect between 2% and 7.5% of babies under one, though most children grow out of it by the age of five.
CMA typically develops when cows' milk is first introduced into your baby's diet either in formula or when your baby starts eating solids.
More rarely, it can affect babies who are exclusively breastfed because of cows' milk from the mother's diet passing to the baby through breast milk.
There are two main types of CMA:
Cows' milk allergy can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:
Occasionally CMA can cause severe allergic symptoms that come on suddenly, such as swelling in the mouth or throat, wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, and difficult, noisy breathing.
A severe allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis, is a medical emergency – call 999 or go immediately to your local hospital A&E department.
If your baby is diagnosed with CMA, you'll be offered advice by your GP or an allergy specialist on how to manage their allergy. You may also be referred to a dietitian.
Treatment involves removing all cows' milk from your child's diet for a period of time.
If your baby is formula-fed, your GP can prescribe special infant formula.
Don't give your child any other type of milk without first getting medical advice.
If your baby is exclusively breastfed, the mother will be advised to avoid all cows' milk products.
Your child should be assessed every 6 to 12 months to see if they have grown out of their allergy.
Read more about cows' milk allergy.
Lactose intolerance is another type of reaction to milk, when the body can't digest lactose, a natural sugar found in milk. However, this is not an allergy.
Lactose intolerance can be temporary – for example, it can come on for a few days or weeks after a tummy bug.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance include:
Treatment depends on the extent of your child's intolerance. Some children with lactose intolerance may be able to have small amounts of dairy products without having symptoms.
Your child may be referred to a dietitian for specialist advice.
Read more about treatment for lactose intolerance in children.


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Forsyth love
Apparently, some Forsyth residents are also like to have a "fun and interactive experience," like these two turtles on Thursday.
I also ran into a guest there, who was trying to get an apple to his house.
The nature center in Kingston is open Monday to Friday from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
and Saturdays and Sundays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. After Labor Day.


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Orcaella brevirostris (Songkhla Lake subpopulation)
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Orcaella brevirostris (Songkhla Lake subpopulation)
|Parent Species:
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Critically Endangered C2a(i,ii); D ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
Needs updating
|Smith, B.D. & Beasley, I.
|Reeves, R. & Taylor, B.L. (Cetacean Red List Authority)
The extremely low numbers of dolphin groups detected during the 2001 and 2002 surveys and the absence of sightings during the 2003 survey indicate that the population in Songkhla Lake certainly contains fewer than 50 mature individuals. The evidence is particularly strong when these survey results are compared to the sighting rates recorded for the Critically Endangered Malampaya Sound Irrawaddy dolphin subpopulation (see Smith et al. in press). Therefore, the Songkhla subpopulation qualifies for listing as CR based on Criterion D. It also qualifies as CR on the basis of Criterion C2a (i,ii) as there are certainly fewer than 250 mature individuals in the subpopulation, a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals is projected or inferred based on the ongoing threat from gillnet entanglement and capture in fishing traps, and both subcriteria of subcriterion 2a apply (no subpopulation contains more than 50 mature individuals and more than 90% of the total mature individuals are in one subpopulation).
|Range Description:
|The Irrawaddy dolphin is patchily distributed in shallow, near-shore tropical and subtropical marine waters of the Indo-Pacific, from northeastern Australia in the south, north to the Philippines (Dolar et al. 2002) and west to northeastern India (Stacey and Leatherwood 1997; Stacey and Arnold 1999). Its marine distribution is concentrated in estuaries and semi-enclosed water bodies (i.e., bays and sounds), generally adjacent to mangrove forests. Freshwater populations occur in three river systems - the Mahakam of Indonesia, the Ayeyarwady (formerly Irrawaddy) of Myanmar (formerly Burma) and the Mekong of Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam. Irrawaddy dolphins also occur in partially isolated brackish or fresh-water bodies, including Chilka Lake in India and Songkhla Lake in Thailand. Irrawaddy dolphins were first recorded in Songkhla Lake by Pilleri and Gihr (1974) who examined three stranded specimens from Thala Luang, north of Papayurn Island.
|Countries occurrence:
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|During survey effort in May 2000 and February 2001 covering 545 km in the inner and middle portions of the lake (Thale Luang), north of Papayurn Island, Beasley et al. (2002) recorded only four sightings and calculated a sighting rate of 0.03 dolphins/linear km (mean group size = 4.3 dolphins, S.D. = 2.9, range = 1-8). All sightings were made in the inner portion, which is the deepest part of the lake (2.1-2.5 m). Due to shallow water and the extremely high density of fixed fishing gear, Beasley et al. (2002) proposed that dolphins were probably absent from the outer portion of the lake (Thale Sap) and the southern part of Thale Luang. If their supposition is correct, it means that dolphins do not move out of the lake into the Gulf of Thailand, or vice-versa, making the Songkhla population permanently and completely isolated. The same researchers presented additional evidence of the population's geographic isolation based on interviews with 86 local fishermen. All the fishermen who stated that they had seen dolphins in the lake (69%) fished in the inner portion of Thale Luang (where the sightings were made during the 2000 and 2001 surveys), whereas the remaining fishermen, who had not seen dolphins, fished either to the north or south. Geographic isolation of the population is also supported by observations made during the line-transect survey described below.
In September 2003 a line-transect survey, covering 234 km in 21 hours of search effort, was conducted in Songkhla Lake (B. Smith, unpublished). Sighting conditions were good but no dolphins were seen. The intention had been to search the entire lake, following parallel track lines spaced 3.5 km apart. However, shallow water, dense sea grass and an extremely high density of fixed fishing gear prevented the survey vessel from following the designed track lines in the southern portion of Thale Luang and Thale Sap. Search effort was therefore effectively limited to the same area covered by Beasley et al. (2002). The 2003 survey was conducted using a similar vessel/observation platform and the same methods and number of observers as had been used for line-transect surveys for Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampaya Sound, Philippines (see Smith et al. in press). If the sighting rate in Songkhla Lake had been equivalent to that recorded in Malampaya Sound (0.0865 sightings/km; a subpopulation also proposed to be listed as Critically Endangered), 20 dolphin groups should have been detected. Even accounting for the difference in size between the area occupied by dolphins in Malampaya Sound (ca. 134 km²) and the area searched during the 2003 Songkhla Lake survey (ca. 755 km²), if the two water bodies supported approximately the same number of groups and individuals, 5-6 groups consisting of 27-32 individuals (based on the mean group size of 5.3 dolphins recorded in Malampaya Sound) should have been detected.
Currently, there is only a single connecting channel between the lake and the Gulf of Thailand. This channel is located at the southern tip of the lake and almost certainly inaccessible to dolphins due to the extremely high density of fixed fishing weirs (which remain set throughout the year) and gillnets (some of which are set throughout the year, others of which are removed when some fishermen practice other occupations during the monsoon season - May through December, peaking from September through November). Previously a second smaller connecting channel existed at the northern tip of the lake. This has been blocked by a closure dam constructed to prevent saline inputs, which supplies irrigation water to intensive agriculture practiced in the fields surrounding the lake. The published records of Irrawaddy dolphins geographically closest to the southern connecting channel are of two specimens in 1901 at Pattani (ca. 100 km to the south; Bonhote 1903 - not seen; cited in Pilleri and Gihr 1974) and one stranding in 1994 at Surat Thani (ca. 300 km to the north; Chantrapornsyl et al. 1996). The absence of records near the connecting channel (although this may also be explained by a lack of survey effort), the extremely high density of fixed fishing weirs that probably constitute a physical barrier to dolphin movement, and interview surveys indicating that dolphins do not occur in the southern portion of the lake imply that there is little, if any, demographic exchange between dolphins in Songkhla Lake and those in the Gulf of Thailand - almost certainly fewer than one successful migrant per year (the criterion for defining a subpopulation according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1). Although we have no information on the geomorphic history of the lake, the dynamic sedimentation and erosion processes typical of marine appended lakes would suggest that there were previous primary (i.e., non-anthropogenic) isolation events. These may have allowed population-level genetic differences to develop between the dolphins in Songkhla Lake and those in coastal waters of the Gulf of Thailand, although no data are available to investigate this possibility. A precautionary approach is to consider the dolphins in Songkhla Lake geographically isolated, pending future evidence to suggest otherwise.
There are no quantitative data for estimating population trends. However, circumstantial evidence indicates declining numbers. Compared to the 2001-2002 surveys reported in Beasley et al. (2002), the 2003 survey used three rather than two observers and search effort was conducted from a raised platform about two meters higher above the water level. This should have improved searching efficiency. Even with no change in efficiency, the 2003 survey should have produced at least one or two sightings. It is possible that the difference in results simply reflects random variation in sighting biases, but a precautionary interpretation would be that the very small population that existed in 2001 and 2002 has been reduced even further. This interpretation is reinforced by the high mortality experienced by the population (as evidenced by the large number of recorded deaths; see above) in relation to its extremely low (although precisely unknown) population size.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|The species inhabits deep pools of large rivers, sheltered inshore marine environments with substantial freshwater inputs, and partially isolated brackish or freshwater bodies. (Stacey and Leatherwood 1997, Stacey and Arnold 1999, Smith and Jefferson 2002).
|Major Threat(s):
Beasley et al. (2002) listed 28 records of dolphins that stranded in Songhkla Lake between January 1990 and April 2001. At least 13 of them were judged to have died from net entanglement, based upon the presence of net scars on the carcass or the reports of local fishermen (Somserm Choorak, pers. comm.). Of the total strandings, at least nine were calves (i.e., one meter in length or smaller). Since that report, 15 additional strandings have been recorded, including nine calves (four of these in February 2003 and two in December 2003) and a pregnant female (Somserm Choorak, pers. comm). Several of those 15 animals were believed to have been killed accidentally in gill nets and fish traps set for sea bass, the carcasses having been discarded and then drifting ashore. Some of the calves were probably stillborn based on the presence of fetal folds and a non-erect dorsal fin. The pregnant female's flukes had been cut off, probably to extract her body from a gill net.
The increase in the number of recorded strandings, from 2.5 per year between January 1990 and April 2001 to 5.5 per year between May 2001 and December 2003 (see above), probably reflects an increase in reporting (due to the greater awareness of local people about the dolphins and efforts to conserve them; see below), the developing capacity of local agencies to respond to stranding reports, and possibly a rise in mortality within the population itself. It is unlikely that any real increase in mortality could be explained by an increasing population size, given the lack of recent sightings despite extensive survey effort (see above).
The proportion of stranded calves has also increased, which could mean that some adults are habituating to the presence of nets and fish traps, or that the calves are dying at an unusually high rate for altogether different reasons; the causes of death for these carcasses could not be determined (Somserm Choorak, pers. comm.). Although we have no supporting evidence, a possible explanation for the high proportion of stranded calves could be that they were stillborn or died shortly after birth due to high toxic loads from agrochemicals used intensively along the shores of the lake.
Although incidental mortality in gillnets and fish traps is the principal known threat to the population, prey depletion is another potential threat. This could be the result of overfishing and/or the sedimentation and eutrophication caused by shoreline development and deforestation. A closure dam across a narrow channel that previously connected Thale Luang to the sea has undoubtedly contributed to the cumulative effects of human activities (Beasley et al. 2002, Smith, unpublished). Year-round availability of fresh water after the dam's closure has allowed an increase in shoreline agriculture, which uses large quantities of pesticides and herbicides. The dam's construction also may have eliminated a movement corridor for dolphins between Songkhla Lake and the Gulf of Thailand.
|Conservation Actions:
|The Irrawaddy dolphin has been adopted as the mascot of the Phattalung Province and local people have expressed great enthusiasm for its conservation. The Nue Ham La Ow Bang Teng Forestry Station, which is responsible for protecting the lake's wildlife, provides a government infrastructure for dolphin protection. A Royal proclamation by the Queen of Thailand on 3 October 2001 designated the Irrawaddy dolphins in Songkhla Lake as a Royal Protected Species. The proclamation makes harming the dolphins or possessing their body parts punishable by four years in jail and/or a fine of 40,000 Baht (ca. US$1,000). The Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation Society was established by a local schoolteacher in Phattalung in 1996. The Society has conducted numerous awareness-raising activities and keeps detailed records of dolphin strandings; the compilations are reported directly to the Queen at regular intervals. In 2001, a collaborative research and conservation program with the Irrawaddy Dolphin Conservation Society was initiated by the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, UK. This project was continued and expanded in 2003, with the involvement of the Thailand Departments of Forestry and Fisheries and support from the Wildlife Conservation Society, USA.
|Smith, B.D. & Beasley, I. 2004. Orcaella brevirostris (Songkhla Lake subpopulation). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T44557A10919695. . Downloaded on 17 August 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
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