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Throughout the series First and Main this election season, Morning Edition is traveling to contested counties in swing states to find out what is shaping voters' decisions.
The series started in Florida and the hotly contested county that includes Tampa, then continued to a county in Wisconsin that voted twice for George W. Bush and then swung to Barack Obama.
Renee Montagne just spent a few days in Colorado's Larimer County, which, after a run of favoring Republican presidential candidates, also switched to Obama in 2008. This fall's presidential race in Colorado is a dead heat.
We arrived in Colorado on a late summer afternoon. In the distance, dark purple thunderheads were building up, rolling in over dry brown fields. As we drove north from the Denver airport to Fort Collins, lightning flashed brilliantly in the rear-view mirror.
Despite what looked to be a fair amount of snow on the peaks of the Rocky Mountains, it's been a dry summer for Colorado, marked by devastating wildfires and extreme temperatures. Almost everyone we talked to — from people we met on the plane to our various interviewees — seemed excited about the coming rain.
Even in a normal year — one not marked by dry weather — Colorado gets more than 300 days of sunshine. That plus the beautiful landscape attracts outdoor enthusiasts and adventure-seekers. It's the healthiest state in an increasingly obese nation; it's also one of the youngest and one of the most highly educated. Additionally, the Latino population — 20 percent of the state's total population as of the 2010 census — is rapidly growing.
Fort Collins, where our reporting took us, is the home of Colorado State University, with about 26,000 students. The school sits adjacent to the older part of town, bounded on one side by College Avenue, essentially the main drag of this college town. Just a few blocks off campus, shops and restaurants and bars line the street. It's a picturesque place — so much so that it served as the model for Disneyland's Main Street.
Fort Collins is also the seat of Larimer County, one of just a handful of swing counties in this battleground state. Colorado's nine electoral votes are up for grabs. One-third of the state's voters are Republican, one-third are Democrat and one-third are unaffiliated — and it's that unaffiliated vote that has the presidential candidates returning to the state again and again.
Both President Obama and Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney visited the state in August, and just last week Romney's running mate, Paul Ryan, held a town hall meeting in the small rural community of Timnath, east of Fort Collins.
Historically, both Colorado and Larimer County have trended Republican, but they're both becoming more purple: In 2008, the county and the state voted for Obama.
We met a number of people who are likely to vote for Obama again, but there are others who are disappointed with how the past four years have gone. Both candidates will have another chance to convince Colorado voters Wednesday evening, when the first of the debates is held in Denver.
Here at MORNING EDITION, we've been traveling several paths of our own this election season to America's Main Streets in contested counties, in swing states to find out what's shaping voter's choice for the White House.
We're listening to people think. And we began in Florida, the hotly contested county that includes Tampa. Then we went on to Winnebago County, Wisconsin, which voted twice for George W. Bush, and then swung in 2008 to Barack Obama.
MONTAGNE: I've just spent a few days in Colorado, in Larimer County, which after a run of favoring Republican presidential candidates, also switched to Barack Obama in 2008. Now the presidential race in Colorado is statistically tied.
INSKEEP: Well, we've been calling our series First and Main, after the intersection where our series began.
MONTAGNE: And here's the thing: Fort Collins does not, in fact, have a corner of First and Main. But imagine another Main Street, a Main Street you might actually have visited, the one in Disneyland. It was modeled on Fort Collins. That's because Disney's designer grew up here, and for Main Street, he copied its original Victorian city hall, the old bank, the hotel, and other buildings all along downtown to create a quintessential Main Street America.
The actual main drag in Fort Collins is College Avenue, where I'm standing right now. It runs along Colorado State, founded in 1870 as an agricultural college. And this is where we'll meet a man who happens to know a lot about Colorado, political science Professor John Straayer.
JOHN STRAAYER: Mining was what really attracted folks initially - gold, and then later on silver, with the silver mines - and then agriculture on the Eastern Plains, and ranching in particular on the Western slope. Colorado, in more recent years, we've had the influx of an awful lot of high-tech stuff. Hewlett-Packard is located right here, for example, in Fort Collins. So it's been industrialized, expanded government involvement, and more recently, it's been energy: oil and gas - so from the days of gold and silver to a modern, industrialized and highly diversified economy.
MONTAGNE: We're sitting in a classroom in Colorado State's political science building. John Straayer is open about his own political leanings. He's a registered Republican, just last spring honored by the state's House Republicans, but counts himself a moderate. It doesn't surprise him that this year's race in Colorado is among the tightest in the nation.
STRAAYER: I've looked historically from statehood forward, and it's amazing the balance between the parties. There are eras when one party dominates, but if you look at the number of Democrat versus Republican U.S. House members, senators, governors, and even years served since statehood, it's amazingly even.
Here we are today. Again, it's amazingly even. The voter registration numbers now are almost a third, a third, a third, if you look at all the registrants. The big jump in the last few years has been in unaffiliated registrants, the independents.
MONTAGNE: But what about these presidential contests? What are the two candidates up against when it comes to Colorado? Let's start with Mitt Romney. What would be his strengths and what are his challenges?
STRAAYER: Well, I think his - regionally, his strength is going to be the rural area. In two counties in particular, he'll do very well, and one is El Paso County, where you've got a mix of the military and the evangelical voters, and Douglas County. Douglas County is one of the fastest-growing counties. It's the wealthiest county in the state. It's new. It's growing.
MONTAGNE: What kind of wealth?
STRAAYER: People who work in finance, in banking, to some extent in technology, oil and gas. His challenge is to turn them out, turn them out, turn them out.
MONTAGNE: And then what about President Obama? And in his case, what has changed from 2008?
STRAAYER: I think it's the enthusiasm gap that everybody talks about. He was a novelty, in a way: an African-American, a spellbinder. We had the Democratic Convention here in Colorado. That drew an awful lot of attention. Obama was a fresh sheet of paper that you could write on. I mean, it's as if everybody went to the movie. It was the opening weekend of the movie. Now who wants to go see the movie again?
MONTAGNE: So, but seeing as how he is still leading in Colorado and has a...
STRAAYER: Slight lead in the polls.
MONTAGNE: Yeah, so, it could go either way. But what kinds of Coloradans are going to go for him? I know the Latino population has grown.
STRAAYER: The Latino population has grown in the last decade from 14 percent to 21 percent.
MONTAGNE: And that's pretty dramatic.
STRAAYER: That is dramatic, and that is critical. Now, they underperform in terms of turnout, relatively overall population, but I think that's going to up this year.
MONTAGNE: Could it all hinge on that?
STRAAYER: Yes, it could. It could hinge on that. I mean, I'm not saying it will hinge on that, but I'm saying it could. If this is a very close vote, very likely, it will be the Latino vote that made the difference.
MONTAGNE: And we'll be hearing from people Larimer County who want their votes to make a difference on a range of issues in this last part of our series, First and Main. At the end of our conversation with John Straayer, I asked him to step away from what other Coloradans are doing politically, to step away from being a professor and tell us what he thinks, what he feels is the most important issue in this election.
STRAAYER: We're defunding our colleges and our universities. There is resistance to taxation for infrastructure. You certainly see this manifested in the rigid position the Republicans have taken where it's no taxes, no taxes, no taxes.
What we have done collectively, successfully in this country with everything from land grants to build railroads to building an interstate highway system to supporting our vets with the GI Bill, those have all been public investments that have enabled private successes. I see that eroding.
Can Obama get it back? I don't know. But if we don't turn that around and repair it, I think we've got some real problems down the line. Yes, the debt's a problem, and we've got to do something about it. So the issue that is of concern to me is to have a party in place that has an interest in helping us recreate a sense of the importance of collective effort. So, will I vote for a Republican right now? No. Have I in the past? Yes.
MONTAGNE: That's John Straayer, who teaches political science at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, where tomorrow we go to a Republican rally and an energy-conscious brewery for our series First and Main.
INSKEEP: Also tomorrow, of course, Denver, Colorado will host the first presidential debate, and we will have full coverage here on MORNING EDITION over the next couple of days.
INSKEEP: You're listening to MORNING EDITION, from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Senior Serbian leaders indicated Sunday that their government will reject a European Union-mediated plan for reconciliation with Kosovo Albanians that would pave the way for Serbia's eventual membership in the bloc, but that Serbia will ask for more negotiations.
The EU has given Serbia until Tuesday to say whether it would relinquish its effective control of northern Kosovo in exchange for the start of Serbia's EU membership negotiations.
Talks between Serbian and Kosovo's ethnic Albanian leaders on the issue broke down this past week in Brussels, and Serbian leaders have since been debating whether to accept or reject the deal, which Serbian nationalist President Tomislav Nikolic described as "an ultimatum."
"We hit a wall," Nikolic told reporters. "The negotiations turned into talks on (Kosovo's) independence, and no one in Serbia has the right to do that."
Serbian Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vucic, who is the country's most powerful politician because he leads the country's ruling party and is also the defense minister, was even more specific. He told Belgrade's Pink TV Sunday night the he will not approve the agreement without more negotiations.
"We have to reach a deal and my proposal is that we ask for the continuation of the dialogue and demand more guarantees" for Serbs in Kosovo, Vucic said. "It has to be clear that we want a deal."
While some 90 countries — including the United States and most EU nations — have recognized Kosovo's independence, Serbia has not. The most contentious issue is the status of northern Kosovo, where ethnic Serbs dominate the population and refuse to accept the authority of the ethnic Albanian-controlled government in Pristina.
Serbian officials have said the stumbling block in the talks was their demand that ethnic Serbs, who represent about 10 percent of Kosovo's 2 million people, have their own judiciary and police force. But Kosovo officials have rejected the demand, saying it would be tantamount to a division of Kosovo into two separate entities.
Nikolic said the Serbian leadership will on Monday formally declare whether it accepts or rejects the proposed deal. He added that more negotiations will be sought "to correct" the proposal.
If Serbia rejects the proposal, it would be a severe blow for its EU membership aspirations and would lead to more tensions in the Balkans, which still reels from the bloody wars of the 1990s.
The recent meeting was the eighth face-to-face gathering between Serbian and Kosovo officials, all under EU mediation. EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said in a written statement after the talks broke down that it was the last formal meeting she would call between the parties.
Nikolic suggested that the EU should stay out of any future negotiations.
He said the talks should be mediated "under some organization we are members of" — a clear call for the U.N. to get involved. That would be rejected by the Kosovo Albanians because they would want to leave Serbian ally Russia out of the process.
Despite Nikolic's and Vucic's remarks, some other Serbian officials voiced more conciliatory stands on the proposed plan.
Tuesday is "not the D-day" for Serbia, said Serbian Prime Minister Ivica Dacic. "Belgrade hopes the dialogue with Pristina will not be stopped so a mutually acceptable solution is found."

subset: commoncrawl


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March 14th: Cadbury Creme Egg
Kcal 170 Fat 6.0g Fat(sats) 3.7g Carbs 27.7g
What a place to kick off 'Jim's Easter Mission 2008' than with the most famous symbolic Easter chocolate in the universe - the Cadbury Creme Egg.
For those of you that are unaware of what one is (where have you been lol!!!) the product is in size the same as a standard meduim sized egg and is formed of a generous helping of creme fondant in the centre of a thick Cadbury Dairy Milk shell.
The egg comes in a very nice looking thing foil cover, which is traditionally covered in the famous red, yellow and blue colours. It certainly looks the part in the wrapper but the real treat is when it has been peeled away.
The famous slogan for Cadbury Creme egg is 'How do you eat your's??'...well here's how I ate mine. I left it for a few hours in my fridge...took the egg out and removed about 4 cm from the top of one of the ends. I then ate a large proportion of the fondant but left a small layer all around the chocolate shell inside; I then slowly bit by bit ate my way through the shell, letting eating bite melt in the mouth...a truly wonderful experience.
In terms of taste both components are glorious - the fondant centre somehow avoids being too sickly and has a glorious sweet tasting flavour. Its texture is brilliant as well - its thick and viscous yet smooth on the tastebuds - in a word sensual. The chocolate shell is thick and has that melt on the tongue aspect that Dairy Milk so successfully encompasses.
Overall what a great way to start my Easter reviews. The Cadbury Creme egg is an all time classic and its no wonder why its so popular and adored by the masses. The Creme Egg captures everything an Easter egg should be - fun to eat, pretty to look at and of course glorious to taste. This is going to take some beating in terms of finding a better Easter product. The only aspect that slightly lets the product down is its size...its so tasty you want more..this just leaves us one question!?...Cadbury where is our Super Sized/King Sized Cadbury Creme Egg! Welcome to the top 5 Creme Egg :)
...More Easter Goodies tomorrow
8.8 out of 10
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For newly admitted students, please use Slate to review your financial aid checklist and financial aid letter. Portal access will be granted to you after matriculation to the College in June.
For current students:
To access your financial aid information, please visit the Pomona College student portal at my.pomona.edu and log into NetPartner, a web-based student portal that provides students realtime access to their Pomona financial aid information. Current students can log in to Net Partner (after accessing the portal).
Net Partner allows you to view and accept financial aid awards, track documents required to complete your financial aid file, read messages from the financial aid staff, and track Federal student loans. Some of the major changes to the financial aid application process include:
- You will accept or decline awards using Net Partner.
- You can now view an up-to-date list of the documents the FAO has received and those you are missing.
- You can track your federal student loans.
- When the financial aid staff makes a change to your award or has an important message for you, you will be able to view it in Net Partner.
- Complete the scholarship data sheet requirement
To log-in to Net Partner, simply go to the financial aid web pages in the student portal and click on the Net Partner link.
After you have logged in to Net Partner, you should be able to click on the "Accept Awards" tab. From this tab, you should be able to see a drop-down menu under "Status" next to each award. Click on this menu and select "Accept" to accept an award to "Decline" to decline the award, and then select "Submit."
After you have logged in to Net Partner, you will be able to click on the "Documents" tab. This tab lists all documents requested by the Office of Financial Aid, as well as their status. If the document status is "Received," we have received this document and do not require any further action from you regarding that document. If the status is "Not Received," "Incomplete," or "Not Signed," this document still requires action from you before it will be marked as "Received."
If you are having difficulty logging in to Net Partner, please contact the Office of Financial Aid at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please provide the code you received when attempting to log in to Net Partner.


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093917w5_nl_smPosted by Bob Rountree
Author: Bob Rountree Bob Rountree wanders around Florida with his wife Kathy in their 24-foot travel trailer, exploring back roads, hidden beaches and scenic parks with kayaks, beach toys and bicycles in tow. A retired journalist, Bob is co-publisher of FloridaRambler.com.
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Lauren Miller (aka Mrs. Seth Rogen) Takes Us Behind the Scenes of the 'James Franco Roast'
Lauren Miller is a writer and actor who happens to be married to that guy, Seth Rogen, who you may or may not have ever heard of. She's often very lucky and gets to attend neat events and Sunday night's taping of Comedy Central's Roast of James Franco was no different. It was a night full of awkward comedians we all love, brutal insults you'll hear when you watch the show, and matzo balls. Click through this slideshow to take look. — Lauren Miller


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VT Claims Chick-fil-A Bowl, Tops Tennessee 37-14
Jan. 1, 2010
ATLANTA - Virginia Tech owned the second half of the Chick-fil-A Bowl this time around.
Unlike the last time, when the Hokies let a halftime lead slip away in a tough loss to Georgia, they dominated the final 30 minutes this go-round by using Ryan Williams' rushing and yet another powerful second-half defensive performance to roll past Tennessee 37-14 in front of 73,777 fans at the Georgia Dome.
The win capped an amazing run to end the season for the Hokies, who closed out the campaign by winning their final five games to finish with a 10-3 record. Tech now has won 10 games in each of the past six seasons - something only Texas can claim.
This year's team also became the first Tech team ever to win back-to-back bowl games. The Hokies moved to 8-9 in bowl games under head coach Frank Beamer.
"The players and the coaches deserve a lot of credit for bringing the team back in that second half when we lost the momentum in the first half," Beamer said. "The way we came back and won this thing says a lot about our players. We won four games after things didn't look so good. We had two tough losses [Georgia Tech and North Carolina] and then we come down here and beat a really good Tennessee team.
"It's us and Texas that have won 10 games the past six years and that's special. The fact that we finally won back-to-back bowl games is special. And hopefully, we'll be ranked in the top 10 when all the playing is done."
The Hokies got outstanding performances all the way around, led by a dominating defense that allowed no points in the second half for the fifth straight game. Tech gave up just 112 yards in the second half - with 43 of that coming in the Vols final drive with the outcome well in hand.
For the game, the Hokies held Tennessee to just 240 yards of offense and sacked Vols quarterback Jonathan Crompton six times. He had been sacked 12 times all season.
"Today, it was just a great team effort," said whip linebacker Cody Grimm, who was named the bowl's defensive player of the game after having seven tackles - three for a loss - and one sack. "We didn't accomplish everything we wanted to this year, but to go out with a win over an SEC school that was hot at the time ... and not only winning, but how we did it. We dominated the game, I thought. You can't say enough about the team."
One also can't say enough about Williams, who rushed for 117 yards on 25 carries and scored two touchdowns before leaving in the third quarter with an ankle injury. He also broke Tech's single-season rushing record of 1,647 yards set by former tailback Kevin Jones in 2003. Williams finished the season with 1,655 yards.
The redshirt freshman from Manassas, Va., spearheaded Tech's second-half effort. With the Hokies clinging to a 17-14 lead, Williams carried the ball eight straight times on the Hokies' first possession of the second half, including runs of 21 and 32 yards. On the ninth play of the drive, Tech quarterback Tyrod Taylor gave the Hokies some breathing room, scoring on a 1-yard quarterback sneak that gave Tech a 24-14 lead with 8:42 left in the third quarter.
The Hokies went on to score on their next three offensive possessions. Their only offensive possession in the second half that didn't result in a score was the final one in which Taylor took a knee to run out the clock.
"Everyone was just doing their job," said Williams, who was the offensive player of the game. "When everyone does their job on the field, then things like that can happen.
"It was just execution, from the offensive line to the receivers. When we execute like that, I think we can stay with the best defenses out there."
On Tech's second possession, steady kicker Matt Waldron boomed a career-long 46-yard field goal to give Tech a 27-14 lead. The Hokies then put the game away on their third possession of the second half, driving 80 yards in eight plays. David Wilson, who split carries with Josh Oglesby once Williams went down, scored on a 4-yard run to give Tech a commanding 34-14 lead.
Waldron's 22-yard field goal with 2:38 left in the game accounted for the final score.
Oglesby and Wilson accounted for 67 yards of Tech's 229-yard rushing day. Tech's offense showed excellent balance, as Taylor completed 10-of-17 for 209 yards, with an interception. Jarrett Boykin caught four passes for 120 yards, including a 63-yarder at the end of the first half that set up a Waldron field goal at the buzzer.
Crompton paced the Tennessee attack by throwing for 235 yards, with a touchdown and an interception. Montario Hardesty rushed for just 39 yards, and the Vols, as a team, finished with just five yards rushing, thanks to those six sacks.
"We've got a lot of talent coming back," Taylor said, looking ahead to 2010. "This is certainly a great confidence builder, winning this bowl game."


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Battery Monitor Widget Pro v3.0.7 Apk – Complete battery monitoring with notification icon, history, graphics and alarms
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CME Group Inc. will not guarantee any funds that are still missing from customer accounts at bankrupt brokerage MF Global after they are reimbursed by the bankruptcy trustee, the futures exchange's Chief Operating Officer Bryan Durkin said on Monday.
According to Reuters News Service, Durkin said at the National Grain and Feed Association Country Elevator Conference that such a move would be "unwise" and the CME has a "fiduciary responsibility" to its shareholders.
"We really feel we cannot expose ourselves to that level of responsibility or risk," Durkin told the NGFA Conference. "It's not covered as part of our rules. All of that being said we have taken some very unprecedented steps.
The CME has provided an interim guarantee of $550 million to the bankruptcy trustee to the speed the return of customer funds.
Durkin also said CME was still holding MF Global funds more than a month after the brokerage went bankrupt, adding that the money was "in the context of the remaining collateral that we had on deposit that has not been fully distributed." He did not elaborate or say how much MF Global money the exchange was holding.
A federal bankruptcy judge approved the transfer of $2.2 billion to U.S. commodities customers of failed brokerage house MF Global on Friday. Once the transfer is completed, the customers will have recovered roughly 72% of their money, according to the bankruptcy trustee.
Regulators continue to look for money that went missing from MF Global segregated customer accounts. The trustee has said as much as $1.2 billion is unaccounted for, but Durkin confirmed CME believes the total to be lower than that.
Editor's note: Richard Brock, Corn & Soybean Digest's marketing editor, is president of Brock Associates, a farm market advisory firm, and publisher of The Brock Report.


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Metropolitan Boston
Central Massachusetts
Southeastern Massachusetts
Western Massachusetts
Architecture Flow Descriptions
(PDF Version)
Architecture Flow
Architecture Flow Description
alarm acknowledge
Confirmation that alarm was received, instructions and additional information for the alarm initiator, and requests for additional information.
alarm notification
Notification of activation of an audible or silent alarm by a traveler in a public area or by a transit vehicle operator using an on-board device.
archive coordination
Catalog data, meta data, published data, and other information exchanged between archives to support data synchronization and satisfy user data requests.
archive requests
A request to a data source for information on available data (i.e. "catalog") or a request that defines the data to be archived. The request can be a general subscription intended to initiate a continuous or regular data stream or a specific request intended to initiate a one-time response from the recipient.
archive status
Notification that data provided to an archive contains erroneous, missing, or suspicious data or verification that the data provided appears valid. If an error has been detected, the offending data and the nature of the potential problem are identified.
archived data product requests
A user-specified request for archived data products (i.e. data, meta data, or data catalogs). The request also includes information that is used to identify and authenticate the user and support electronic payment requirements, if any.
archived data products
Raw or processed data, meta data, data catalogs and other data products provided to a user system upon request. The response may also include any associated transaction information.
audit data
Information to support a tax audit.
bad tag list
List of invalid transit user tags which may have previously failed a fare payment transaction.
care facility status
Information regarding facility type and capabilities, facility status, and its ability to admit new patients.
care facility status request
Request for information regarding care facility availability and status.
compliance review report
Report containing results of carrier compliance review, including concomitant out-of-service notifications, carrier warnings/notifications. The information may be provided as a response to a real-time query of proactively by the source. The query flow is not explicitly shown.
credential application
Application for commercial vehicle credentials. Authorization for payment is included.
credentials information
Response containing full vehicle fuel tax and registration credentials information. "Response" may be provided in reaction to a real-time query or a standing request for updated information. The query flow is not explicitly shown.
credentials status information
Credentials information such as registration, licensing, insurance, check flags, and electronic screening enrollment data. A unique identifier is included. Corresponds to the credentials portion of CVISN "snapshots." The status information may be provided as a response to a real-time query or as a result of a standing request for updated information (subscription). This may also include information about non-U.S. fleets for use by U.S. authorities, and information regarding U.S. fleets made available to Mexican and Canadian authorities. The query flow is not explicitly shown.
current asset restrictions
Restrictions levied on transportation asset usage based on infrastructure design, surveys, tests, or analyses. This includes standard facility design height, width, and weight restrictions, special restrictions such as spring weight restrictions, and temporary facility restrictions that are imposed during maintenance and construction.
cv driver record
Information typically maintained by a state driver licensing agency about a driver of a commercial vehicle including driver identification data, license data, permit data, and driving history details.
cv driver record request
A request for information about a commercial vehicle driver.
CVC override mode
This flow represents the tactile or auditory interface with ITS equipment containing the manual override of automated pass/pull-in decisions generated by the Commercial Vehicle Check station.
CVO inspector information
This flow represents the visual or auditory interface with ITS equipment containing credential, safety, and preclearance information and instructions to the commercial vehicle inspector.
CVO inspector input
This flow represents the tactile or auditory interface with ITS equipment containing requests from the commercial vehicle inspector to operate the commercial vehicle inspection station.
CVO weight and presence
Physical attribute of commercial vehicle that can be measured (for example, weight, number of axels, axel spacing, etc.).
demand response passenger and use data
Data collected on board a demand response vehicle relating to the picking up and discharging of passengers.
demand responsive transit plan
Plan regarding overall demand responsive transit schedules and deployment.
demand responsive transit request
Request for paratransit support.
electronic lock data
Notification to roadside (via transponder) of the presence and status of electronic cargo locks.
electronic lock data request
Request from roadside for data regarding presence and status of electronic cargo locks.
emergency acknowledge
Acknowledge request for emergency assistance and provide additional details regarding actions and verification requirements.
emergency archive data
Logged emergency information including information that characterizes identified incidents (routine highway incidents through disasters), corresponding incident response information, evacuation information, surveillance data, threat data, and resource information. Content may include a catalog of available information, the actual information to be archived, and associated meta data that describes the archived information.
emergency data request
A request for additional information or a control command issued by the emergency response agency in response to an emergency request for assistance from a traveler.
emergency dispatch requests
Emergency vehicle dispatch instructions including incident location and available information concerning the incident.
emergency dispatch response
Request for additional emergency dispatch information and provision of en route status.
emergency notification
An emergency request for assistance automatically initiated by a vehicle or originated by a traveler using an in-vehicle or personal device.
emergency plan coordination
Information that supports coordination of emergency management plans, continuity of operations plans, emergency response and recovery plans, evacuation plans, and other emergency plans between agencies. This includes general plans that are coordinated prior to an incident and shorter duration tactical plans that are prepared during an incident.
emergency traffic control information
Status of a special traffic control strategy or system activation implemented in response to an emergency traffic control request, a request for emergency access routes, a request for evacuation, a request to activate closure systems, a request to employ driver information systems to support public safety objectives, or other special requests. Identifies the selected traffic control strategy and system control status.
emergency traffic control request
Special request to preempt the current traffic control strategy in effect at one or more signalized intersections or highway segments, activate traffic control and closure systems such as gates and barriers, activate safeguard systems, or use driver information systems. For example, this flow can request all signals to red-flash, request a progression of traffic control preemptions along an emergency vehicle route, request a specific evacuation traffic control plan, request activation of a road closure barrier system, or place a public safety or emergency-related message on a dynamic message sign.
emergency transit schedule information
Information on transit schedule and service changes that adapt the service to better meet needs of responders and the general public in an emergency situation, including special service schedules supporting evacuation.
emergency transit service request
Request to modify transit service and fare schedules to address emergencies, including requests for transit services to evacuate people from and/or deploy response agency personnel to an emergency scene. The request may poll for resource availability or request pre-staging, staging, or immediate dispatch of transit resources.
emergency transit service response
Response indicating changes to transit service, fares, and/or restrictions that will be made and status of transit resources to be deployed to support emergency response and/or evacuation.
emergency traveler information_ud
Public notification of an emergency such as a natural or man-made disaster, civil emergency, or child abduction. This flow also includes evacuation information including evacuation instructions, evacuation zones, recommended evacuation times, tailored evacuation routes and destinations, traffic and road conditions along the evacuation routes, traveler services and shelter information, and reentry times and instructions.
emergency vehicle tracking data
The current location and operating status of the emergency vehicle.
environmental conditions data
Current road conditions (e.g., surface temperature, subsurface temperature, moisture, icing, treatment status) and surface weather conditions (e.g., air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, visibility) as measured and reported by fixed and/or mobile environmental sensors and aggregated by the data collector. Attributes relating to the data collection (and aggregation) are also included.
environmental conditions data status
Status of the data quality of environmental conditions data provided by a data contributor. Includes not only status by sensor, but statistical data regarding the quality checking of data provided.
environmental sensor data
Current road conditions (e.g., surface temperature, subsurface temperature, moisture, icing, treatment status) and surface weather conditions (e.g., air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, visibility) as measured and reported by fixed and/or mobile environmental sensors. Operational status of the sensors is also included.
environmental sensors control
Data used to configure and control environmental sensors.
equipment availability
An inventory of the maintenance and construction equipment available at the storage facility. This flow includes the type of equipment, enough descriptive information to indicate its suitability for use, and its current status. This flow may contain information for a specific type of equipment or include all equipment available at the facility.
equipment maintenance status
Current status of field equipment maintenance actions.
evacuation coordination
Coordination of information regarding a pending or in-process evacuation. Includes evacuation zones, evacuation times, evacuation routes, forecast network conditions, and reentry times.
evacuation information
Evacuation instructions and information including evacuation zones, evacuation times, and reentry times.
event plans
Plans for major events possibly impacting traffic.
fare collection data
Fare collection information including the summary of on-board fare system data and financial payment transaction data.
field device status
Reports from field equipment (sensors, signals, signs, controllers, etc.) which indicate current operational status.
field equipment status
Identification of field equipment requiring repair and known information about the associated faults.
hri advisories
Notification of Highway-Rail Intersection equipment failure, intersection blockage, or other condition requiring attention, and maintenance activities at or near highway rail intersections.
hri control data
Data required for HRI information transmitted at railroad grade crossings and within railroad operations.
hri operational status
Status of the highway-rail grade crossing equipment including both the current state or mode of operation and the current equipment condition.
hri request
A request for highway-rail intersection status or a specific control request intended to modify HRI operation.
hri status
Status of the highway-rail intersection equipment including both the current state or mode of operation and the current equipment condition.
incident information
Notification of existence of incident and expected severity, location, time and nature of incident. As additional information is gathered and the incident evolves, updated incident information is provided. Incidents include any event that impacts transportation system operation ranging from routine incidents (e.g., disabled vehicle at the side of the road) through large-scale natural or human-caused disasters that involve loss of life, injuries, extensive property damage, and multi-jurisdictional response. This also includes special events, closures, and other planned events that may impact the transportation system.
incident information for rail_ud
Incident information provided to Rail Operations regarding vehicle or roadway incidents that would impact Rail Operations.
incident report
Report of an identified incident including incident location, type, severity and other information necessary to initiate an appropriate incident response.
incident response coordination
Incident response procedures and current incident response status that are shared between allied response agencies to support a coordinated response to incidents. This flow provides current situation information, including a summary of incident status and its impact on the transportation system and other infrastructure, and current and planned response activities. This flow also coordinates a positive hand off of responsibility for all or part of an incident response between agencies.
incident response status
Status of the current incident response including a summary of incident status and its impact on the transportation system, traffic management strategies implemented at the site (e.g., closures, diversions, traffic signal control overrides), and current and planned response activities.
incident status
Information gathered at the incident site that more completely characterizes the incident and provides current incident response status.
infrastructure monitoring sensor control
Data used to configure and control infrastructure monitoring sensors.
infrastructure monitoring sensor data
Data read from infrastructure-based sensors that monitor the condition or integrity of transportation infrastructure including bridges, tunnels, interchanges, pavement, culverts, signs, transit rail or guideway, and other roadway infrastructure. Includes sensor data and the operational status of the sensors.
interactive traveler information
Traveler information provided in response to a traveler request. The provided information includes traffic and road conditions, advisories, incidents, payment information, transit services, parking information, weather information, and other travel-related data updates and confirmations.
ISP coordination
Coordination and exchange of transportation information between centers. This flow allows a broad range of transportation information collected by one ISP to be redistributed to many other ISPs and their clients.
local signal preemption request
Direct control signal or message to a signalized intersection that results in preemption of the current control plan and grants right-of-way to the requesting vehicle.
local signal priority request
Request from a vehicle to a signalized intersection for priority at that intersection.
maint and constr dispatch information
Information used to dispatch maintenance and construction vehicles, equipment, and crews and information used to keep work zone crews informed. This information includes routing information, traffic information, road restrictions, incident information, environmental information, decision support information, maintenance schedule data, dispatch instructions, personnel assignments, alert notifications, and corrective actions.
maint and constr dispatch status
Current maintenance and construction status including work data, operator status, crew status, and equipment status.
maint and constr equipment repair status
Current maintenance and repair status of the maintenance and construction vehicle fleet and other support equipment. This information includes a record of all maintenance and repair activities performed.
maint and constr fleet information
Information supporting maintenance of the maintenance and construction vehicle fleet and other support equipment. This information includes vehicle status and diagnostic information, vehicle utilization, and coordination of when vehicles will be available for preventative and corrective maintenance.
maint and constr resource coordination
Request for road maintenance and construction resources that can be used in the diversion of traffic (cones, portable signs), clearance of a road hazard, repair of ancillary damage, or any other incident response.
maint and constr resource request
Request for road maintenance and construction resources that can be used in the diversion of traffic (cones, portable signs), clearance of a road hazard, repair of ancillary damage, or any other incident response. The request may poll for resource availability or request pre-staging, staging, or immediate dispatch of resources.
maint and constr resource response
Current status of maintenance and construction resources including availability and deployment status. General resource inventory information covering vehicles, equipment, materials, and people and specific resource deployment status may be included.
maint and constr vehicle conditions
Vehicle diagnostics information that is collected, filtered, and selectively reported by a maintenance and construction vehicle. The information includes engine temperature, mileage, tire wear, brake wear, belt wear, and any warnings or alarms concerning the operational condition of the vehicle and ancillary equipment.
maint and constr vehicle location data
The current location and related status (e.g., direction and speed) of the maintenance/construction vehicle.
maint and constr vehicle operational data
Data that describes the maintenance and construction activity performed by the vehicle. Operational data includes materials usage (amount stored and current application rate), operational state of the maintenance equipment (e.g., blade up/down, spreader pattern), vehicle safety status, and other measures associated with the operation of a maintenance, construction, or other special purpose vehicle. Operational data may include basic operational status of the vehicle equipment or a more precise record of the work performed (e.g., application of crack sealant with precise locations and application characteristics).
maint and constr vehicle system control
Configure and control data that supports remote control of on-board maintenance and construction vehicle systems and field equipment that is remotely controlled by the vehicle. For example, the data can be used to adjust material application rates and spread patterns.
maint and constr work plans
Future construction and maintenance work schedules and activities including anticipated closures with anticipated impact to the roadway, alternate routes, anticipated delays, closure times, and durations.
maintenance materials storage status
The amount and availability of maintenance materials in storage facilities.
maintenance status_ud
Current maintenance status of vehicle.
multimodal information
Schedule information for alternate mode transportation providers such as train, ferry, air and bus.
multimodal information request
Information request for alternate mode transportation providers such as train, ferry, air and bus.
multimodal service data
Multimodal transportation schedules and other service information.
parking coordination
Information that enables parking management activities to be coordinated between different parking operators or systems in a region.
parking information
General parking information and status, including current parking availability.
parking lot data request
Request for parking lot occupancy, fares, and availability. The request can be a subscription that initiates as-needed information updates as well as a one-time request for information.
parking lot inputs
Instructions for operation of local parking facilities to support regional traffic management objectives (e.g. which parking lot exits to use). Also, includes inputs from traffic sensors to support calculation of parking lot occupancy and support more effective management of parking entrances and exits.
parking lot reservation confirmation
Confirmation for parking lot reservation.
parking reservations request
Reservation request for parking lot.
Command to commercial vehicle to pull into or bypass inspection station.
patient status
Information that supports assessment of the patient's condition. Information could include general categorization of patient status, patient vital signs, pertinent medical history, and emergency care information.
Payment of some kind (e.g., toll, parking, fare) by traveler which, in most cases, can be related to a credit account.
payment request
Request for payment from financial institution.
personal transit information
General and personalized transit information for a particular fixed route, flexible route, or paratransit system.
rail incident information_ud
Information from Rail Operations on rail related incidents and the response actions being taken by Rail.
rail incident response status
Status of the rail system�s response to current incidents.
railroad advisories
Real-time notification of railway-related incident or advisory.
railroad schedules
Train schedules, maintenance schedules, and other information from the railroad that supports forecast of HRI closures.
Registered owner of vehicle and associated vehicle information.
request for bad tag list
Request for list of bad vehicle tag IDs.
request for payment
Request to deduct cost of service from user's payment account.
request for registration_ud
Request for the owner of the vehicle and associated vehicle information.
request for right-of-way
Forwarded request from signal prioritization, signal preemption, pedestrian call, multi-modal crossing activation, or other source for right-of-way.
request for tag data_ud
Request for tag information including credit identity, stored value card cash, etc.
request for vehicle measures
Request for vehicle performance and maintenance data collected by onboard sensors.
request tag data
Request for tag information including credit identity, stored value card cash, etc.
resource coordination
Coordination of resource inventory information, specific resource status information, resource prioritization and reallocation between jurisdictions, and specific requests for resources and responses that service those requests.
resource deployment status
Status of resource deployment identifying the resources (vehicles, equipment, materials, and personnel) available and their current status. General resource inventory information and specific status of deployed resources may be included.
resource request
A request for resources to implement special traffic control measures, assist in clean up, verify an incident, etc. The request may poll for resource availability or request pre-staging, staging, or immediate deployment of resources. Resources may be explicitly requested or a service may be requested and the specific resource deployment may be determined by the responding agency.
road network conditions
Current and forecasted traffic information, road and weather conditions, and other road network status. Either raw data, processed data, or some combination of both may be provided by this architecture flow. Information on diversions and alternate routes, closures, and special traffic restrictions (lane/shoulder use, weight restrictions, width restrictions, HOV requirements) in effect is included along with a definition of the links, nodes, and routes that make up the road network.
road network status assessment
Assessment of damage sustained by the road network including location and extent of the damage, estimate of remaining capacity, required closures, alternate routes, necessary restrictions, and time frame for repair and recovery.
road network traffic probe data
Aggregated route usage, travel times, and other aggregated data collected from probe vehicles that can be used to estimate current traffic conditions.
road weather information
Road conditions and weather information that are made available by road maintenance operations to other transportation system operators.
roadway information system data
Information used to initialize, configure, and control roadside systems that provide driver information (e.g., dynamic message signs, highway advisory radio, beacon systems). This flow can provide message content and delivery attributes, local message store maintenance requests, control mode commands, status queries, and all other commands and associated parameters that support remote management of these systems.
roadway information system status
Current operating status of dynamic message signs, highway advisory radios, beacon systems, or other configurable field equipment that provides dynamic information to the driver.
roadway maintenance status
Summary of maintenance fleet operations affecting the road network. This includes the status of winter maintenance (snow plow schedule and current status).
roadway treatment system control
Control data for remotely located, automated devices, that affect the roadway surface (e.g. de-icing applications).
roadway treatment system status
Current operational status of automated roadway treatment devices (e.g., anti-icing systems).
route restrictions
Information about routes, road segments, and areas that do not allow the transport of security sensitive hazmat cargoes or include other restrictions (such as height or weight limits).
safeguard system control_ud
Data that controls safeguard systems (remotely controlled equipment used to mitigate the impact of incidents on transportation infrastructure, such as blast shields, exhaust systems, etc.).
safety inspection record
Record containing results of commercial vehicle safety inspection.
safety inspection request
Request for safety inspection record.
safety status information
Safety information such as safety ratings, security ratings or flags, inspection summaries, and violation summaries. A unique identifier is included. Corresponds to the safety and security portion of CVISN "snapshots." The status information may be provided as a response to a real-time query or as a result of a standing request for updated information (subscription). This may also include information about non-U.S. fleets for use by U.S. authorities, and information regarding U.S. fleets made available to Mexican and Canadian authorities. The query flow is not explicitly shown.
secure area sensor control
Information used to configure and control threat sensors (e.g., thermal, acoustic, radiological, chemical), object, motion and intrusion detection sensors. The provided information controls sensor data collection, aggregation, filtering, and other local processing.
secure area sensor data
Data provided by threat sensors (e.g., thermal, acoustic, radiological, chemical), and intrusion, motion, and object detection sensors in secure areas indicating the sensor's operational status, raw and processed sensor data, and alarm indicators when a threat has been detected.
secure area surveillance control
Information used to configure and control audio and video surveillance systems used for transportation infrastructure security in secure areas. The provided information controls surveillance data collection, aggregation, filtering, and other local processing.
secure area surveillance data
Data collected from surveillance systems used to monitor secure areas. Includes video, audio, processed surveillance data, equipment operational status, and alarm indicators when a threat has been detected.
signal control data
Information used to configure and control traffic signal systems.
signal control status
Status of surface street signal controls including operating condition and current operational state.
storage facility request
Request for information about the equipment and/or materials available at a maintenance storage facility.
suggested route
Suggested route for a dispatched emergency or maintenance vehicle that may reflect current network conditions and the additional routing options available to en route emergency or maintenance vehicles that are not available to the general public.
tag data
Unique tag ID and related vehicle information.
tax filing
Commercial vehicle tax filing data. Authorization for payment is included.
threat information
Threats regarding transportation infrastructure, facilities, or systems detected by a variety of methods (sensors, surveillance, threat analysis of advisories from outside agencies, etc.
threat information coordination
Sensor, surveillance, and threat data including raw and processed data that is collected by sensor and surveillance equipment located in secure areas.
toll archive data
Data indicating toll facility usage and pricing schedules. Content may include a catalog of available information, the actual information to be archived, and associated meta data that describes the archived information.
toll coordination
This flow supports reciprocity between toll agencies/service centers by exchanging information that supports reconciliation of toll charges by customers that are enrolled with other toll service centers. In addition to toll charge reconciliation, exchanged information may include toll schedule information, customer information and other toll service information that is coordinated between toll agencies or centers.
toll data
Current toll schedules for different types of vehicles as well as advanced toll payment information.
toll data request
Request made to obtain toll schedule information or pay a toll in advance. The request can be a subscription that initiates as-needed information updates as well as a one-time request for information.
toll instructions
Information provided to configure and support toll plaza operations including toll pricing information.
toll probe data
Aggregate probe data derived from electronic toll collection operations. Data collected could include vehicle speeds and travel times for a given link or collection of links.
toll transactions
Detailed list of transactions from a toll station.
track status
Current status of the wayside equipment and notification of an arriving train.
traffic archive data
Information describing the use and vehicle composition on transportation facilities and the traffic control strategies employed. Content may include a catalog of available information, the actual information to be archived, and associated meta data that describes the archived information.
traffic control coordination
Information transfers that enable remote monitoring and control of traffic management devices. This flow is intended to allow cooperative access to, and control of, field equipment during incidents and special events and during day-to-day operations. This flow also allows 24-hour centers to monitor and control assets of other centers during off-hours, allows system redundancies and fail-over capabilities to be established, and otherwise enables integrated traffic control strategies in a region.
traffic flow
Raw and/or processed traffic detector data which allows derivation of traffic flow variables (e.g., speed, volume, and density measures) and associated information (e.g., congestion, potential incidents). This flow includes the traffic data and the operational status of the traffic detectors.
traffic images
High fidelity, real-time traffic images suitable for surveillance monitoring by the operator or for use in machine vision applications. This flow includes the images and the operational status of the surveillance system.
traffic information coordination
Traffic information exchanged between TMC�s. Normally would include incidents, congestion data, traffic data, signal timing plans, and real-time signal control information.
traffic operator data
Presentation of traffic operations data to the operator including traffic conditions, current operating status of field equipment, maintenance activity status, incident status, video images, security alerts, emergency response plan updates and other information. This data keeps the operator appraised of current road network status, provides feedback to the operator as traffic control actions are implemented, provides transportation security inputs, and supports review of historical data and preparation for future traffic operations activities.
traffic operator inputs
User input from traffic operations personnel including requests for information, configuration changes, commands to adjust current traffic control strategies (e.g., adjust signal timing plans, change DMS messages), and other traffic operations data entry.
traffic probe data
Vehicle data that is used to determine traffic conditions. In a basic implementation, the data could be limited to time stamped unique identifiers that can be used to measure a vehicle�s progress through the network. In more advanced implementations, the vehicle may report current position, speed, and heading and snapshots of recent events including route information, starts and stops, speed changes, and other information that can be used to estimate traffic conditions.
traffic probe data request_ud
A request for traffic probe data, generally containing route usage, travel times, environmental conditions, and other aggregated data collected from probe vehicles.
traffic sensor control
Information used to configure and control traffic sensor systems.
transaction status
Response to transaction request. Normally dealing with a request for payment.
transit and fare schedules
Transit service information including routes, schedules, and fare information.
transit archive data
Data used to describe and monitor transit demand, fares, operations, and system performance. Content may include a catalog of available information, the actual information to be archived, and associated meta data that describes the archived information.
transit emergency data
Initial notification of transit emergency at a transit stop or on transit vehicles and further coordination as additional details become available and the response is coordinated.
transit fare and passenger status
Information provided from the traveler location that supports fare payments, passenger data, and associated record-keeping.
transit fare coordination
Fare and pricing information shared between local/regional transit organizations.
transit fare information
Information provided by transit management that supports fare payment transactions and passenger data collection.
transit incident information
Information on transit incidents that impact transit services for public dissemination.
transit information request
Request for transit operations information including schedule and fare information. The request can be a subscription that initiates as-needed information updates as well as a one-time request for information.
transit information user request
Request for special transit routing, real-time schedule information, and availability information.
transit multimodal information
Transit schedule information for coordination at modal interchange points.
transit observations_ud
transit operations status
Presentation of information to transit operations personnel including accumulated schedule and fare information, ridership and on-time performance information, emergency response plans, transit personnel information, maintenance records, and other information intended to support overall planning and management of a transit property.
transit probe data
Aggregate probe data derived from tracking transit vehicles. Data collected could include transit vehicle speeds and travel times for a given link or collection of links.
transit request confirmation
Confirmation of a request for transit information or service.
transit schedule adherence information
Dynamic transit schedule adherence and transit vehicle location information.
transit schedule information
Current and projected transit schedule information used to initialize the transit vehicle with a vehicle assignment, monitor schedule performance, and develop corrective actions on-board.
transit service coordination
Schedule coordination information shared between local/regional transit organizations.
transit system status assessment
Assessment of damage sustained by the public transportation system including location and extent of the damage, current operational status including an estimate of remaining capacity and necessary restrictions, and time frame for repair and recovery.
transit traveler information
Transit information prepared to support transit users and other travelers. It contains transit schedules, real-time arrival information, fare schedules, alerts and advisories, and general transit service information.
transit vehicle conditions
Operating conditions of transit vehicle (e.g., engine running, oil pressure, fuel level and usage).
transit vehicle loading data
Data collected on board the transit vehicle relating to passenger boarding and alighting.
transit vehicle location data
Current transit vehicle location and related operational conditions data provided by a transit vehicle.
transit vehicle operator information
Transit service instructions, wide area alerts, traffic information, road conditions, and other information for both transit and paratransit operators.
transit vehicle schedule performance
Estimated times of arrival and anticipated schedule deviations reported by a transit vehicle.
transportation system status
Current status and condition of transportation infrastructure (e.g., tunnels, bridges, interchanges, TMC offices, maintenance facilities). In case of disaster or major incident, this flow provides an assessment of damage sustained by the surface transportation system including location and extent of the damage, estimate of remaining capacity and necessary restrictions, and time frame for repair and recovery.
traveler alerts
Traveler information alerts reporting congestion, incidents, adverse road or weather conditions, parking availability, transit service delays or interruptions, and other information that may impact the traveler. Relevant alerts are provided based on traveler-supplied profile information including trip characteristics and preferences.
traveler information for media
General traveler information regarding incidents, unusual traffic conditions, transit issues, or other advisory information that has been desensitized and provided to the media.
traveler profile
Information about a traveler including equipment capabilities, personal preferences, and traveler alert subscriptions.
traveler request
A request for traveler information including traffic, transit, toll, parking, road weather conditions, event, and passenger rail information. The request identifies the type of information, the area of interest, parameters that are used to prioritize or filter the returned information, and sorting preferences.
trip confirmation
Acknowledgement by the driver/traveler of acceptance of a trip plan with associated personal and payment information required to confirm reservations.
trip plan
A travel itinerary identifying a route and associated traveler information and instructions identifying recommended modes and transfer information, ride sharing options, and transit and parking reservation information.
trip request
Request for trip planning services that identifies the trip origin, destination(s), timing, preferences, and constraints. The request may also include a request for transit and parking reservations and ridesharing options associated with the trip.
vehicle payment information
Information provided for payment of tolls and parking fees including identification that can be used to identify the payment account or source and related vehicle and service information that are used to determine the type and price of service requested.
vehicle payment request
Request for information supporting toll and parking payments.
vehicle payment update
Data written to vehicle equipment to support electronic toll collection or parking payment.
vehicle registration_ud
Registered owner of vehicle and associated vehicle information.
video surveillance control
Information used to configure and control video surveillance systems.
weather information
Accumulated forecasted and current weather data (e.g., temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, precipitation, visibility, light conditions, etc.).
work plan coordination
Coordination of work plan schedules and activities between maintenance and construction organizations or systems. This information includes the work plan schedules and comments and suggested changes that are exchanged as work plans are coordinated and finalized.
work plan feedback
Comments and suggested changes to proposed construction and maintenance work schedules and activities. This information influences work plan schedules so that they minimize impact to other system operations and the overall transportation system.
work zone information
Summary of maintenance and construction work zone activities affecting the road network including the nature of the maintenance or construction activity, location, impact to the roadway, expected time(s) and duration of impact, anticipated delays, alternate routes, and suggested speed limits. This information may be augmented with images that provide a visual indication of current work zone status and traffic impacts.
work zone status
Current work zone status including current location (and future locations for moving work zones), impact to the roadway, required lane shifts, expected time(s) and duration of impact, anticipated delays, alternate routes, and suggested speed limits.
work zone warning notification
Notification of a work zone emergency or safety issue. This flow identifies that a work zone emergency or safety issue has occurred so that warnings may be generated by more than one system in the work zone.
work zone warning status
Status of a work zone safety monitoring and warning devices. This flow documents system activations and includes additional supporting information (e.g., an image) that allows verification of the alarm.
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text:
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical SciencesVolume 8 (1985), Issue 3, Pages 513-520doi:10.1155/S0161171285000552
Mathematics Department, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
Received 10 July 1984
Copyright © 1985 R. A. Mollin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Schur group of a commutative ring, R, with identity consists of all classes in the Brauer group of R which contain a homomorphic image of a group ring RG for some finite group G. It is the purpose of this article to continue an investigation of this group which was introduced in earler work as a natural generalization of the Schur group of a field. We generalize certain facts pertaining to the latter, among which are results on extensions of automorphisms and decomposition of central simple algebras into a product of cyclics. Finally we introduce the Schur exponent of a ring which equals the well-known Schur index in the global or local field case.


text:
Educating your peers about issues of sexual orientation and homophobia can be one of the most effective ways to make your school safer for LGBTQ students, and GSAs are a great framework for implementing an anti-homophobia peer education program. If your GSA is planning to organize and lead classroom anti-homophobia workshops, keep these things in mind as you go along:
Consider attending a formal training.
The GSA Network offers trainings for potential anti-homophobia peer educators - we'll tell you everything you need to know about developing and leading classroom workshops. Call our office to set up a training at your school or in your area.
Figure out what you need to do to get the workshop(s) approved by the school.
Talk to your advisor and meet with administrators and/or other faculty members. Present them with a potential workshop agenda and be able to tell them why you think this is an important thing to do.
Find a teacher.
Find a teacher that is supportive and who thinks their class would be receptive to your presentation. This may be a teacher who attends GSA meetings or one you know is supportive in other ways. Often, health teachers and social studies teachers are interested in having this topic discussed in their class. Talk with them about how they can support you and discuss how they will handle any disruptions that might occur.
Guage the climate of the classroom.
Talk with the teacher or give a pre-workshop survey to find out what folks already know, what they have misconceptions about, and what they want to learn.
Draw connections.
Try to draw connections between your workshop and what the teacher is teaching. (Psychology is obvious, as it Health/Family life. Some less obvious ones would be History, tying it into the civil rights studies... etc.)
Invite an administrator or another teacher.
Invite a supportive Administrator to see your workshop if you'd like to do it in other classes. Also other teachers might like to see what you propose doing in their classes, so feel free to invite them.
Make it clear that you do not speak for the entire LGBTQ community.
Make this disclaimer known at the beginning of the workshop. You do not speak for every LGBTQ individual in the world, and you shouldn't be expected to represent your entire community. You can only speak from your personal experience. (Use "I" statements.)
Define and clarify the terms you use.
Not everyone will be as versed as you in LGBTQ issues and language. You should define the terms you use, such as "sexual orientation" or "gender identity," to make sure that everyone understands what you mean. If you decide to use words such as "queer" or "dyke," you should also discuss what they mean to you and why you are choosing to use them when others may not.
Not everyone will agree with you.
The entire reason you are doing the Anti-Homophobia workshop is to increase awareness. People will disagree with you, and that's okay as long as they are not disruptive to the workshop. Be accepting of others' beliefs.
Stick to your purpose.
You are there to do an anti-homophobia workshop, not a sex education workshop. unfortunatelyt, for many people the instant you mention "gay," they think sex. An anti-homophobia workshop is about making schools safer - free from harassment and violence.
Be Honest.
Above all else be honest about what you know. If you don't know an answer, that is okay, tell them that you don't know.
Learn from your evaluations.
Make sure you give folks enough time to fill them out, and be open to constructive criticism. Don't let the overly negative ones get you down, though.
INTRODUCTION (10 min)
TERMS & DEFINITIONS (5 min)
ACTIVITY* (Do an activity, such as LGBTQ Bingo, that covers basic concepts and gets into the issues.) (10 min)
PERSONAL SHARING (2 speakers) (20 min)
5. Ask for questions from the group.
RESOURCES AND EVALUATIONS (5 min)
If you have more then 50 minutes...
* Contact the GSA Network for activity descriptions and curricula, or download a copy of the What Every Super-Rad Straight Ally Should Know [2] resource sheet.
(Thanks to Catholic Charities of the East Bay for their work designing this workshop.)
[1] https://gsanetwork.org/files/resources/PeerEdWksps.pdf
[2] https://gsanetwork.org/resources/creating-inclusive-gsas/straight-allies


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May 12-18, 2014
- Ole Miss claimed the Southeastern Conference Western Division title and the overall No. 2 seed at the SEC Tournament with a series win at Texas A&M this past weekend.
- The Rebels posted a 40-16 record in the regular season with a 19-11 mark in SEC play. It's the fifth 40-win series in the Bianco era and sixth in program history.
- Will Allen and Austin Anderson were named semifinalists for the Dick Howser Trophy by the NCBWS, presented annually to the organization's Player of the Year.
- Allen was also named one of 15 semifinalists for the Johnny Bench Award honoring the top collegiate catcher in the nation.
- Ole Miss will open SEC Tournament play Wednesday in game two of the day against the winner of the previous day's game between Arkansas and Texas A&M.
Track & Field
- The No. 18 nationally ranked Ole Miss men achieved their best finish in 30 years with a fifth-place showing at the SEC Outdoor Championships.
- Senior Ricky Robertson and junior Sam Kendricks stole the show with sensational SEC titles within a couple of minutes of each other Sunday in the high jump (7-3.25) and pole vault (18-6), respectively.
- Robertson earned the SEC Commissioner's Trophy for scoring the most points at the meet (23), as he placed first in the high jump, second in the triple jump and fourth in the long jump. It was the second time in his career to win the award (2012 indoors), and he's the second straight Rebel to win the outdoor award (Isiah Young last year).
- Kendricks set a Kentucky facility record with his winning pole vault of 18-6. He captured his first SEC outdoor title and second league crown overall.
- Freshmen Robert Domanic, Sean Tobin and Trevor Gilley all scored team points for Ole Miss, led by Domanic's runner-up finish in the 1,500 meters (3:49.02) and Tobin's third-place showing in the 5,000 meters (14:16.74).
- The Rebels scored 78 points, including a whopping 67 on Sunday's final day of competition. It was their second-highest point total at an SEC outdoor meet in program history.
- The NCAA East Preliminary is up next. The top 48 athletes in each individual event and top 24 relays from the East region will compete May 29-31 in Jacksonville, Florida, for the right to advance to the NCAA Championships in Eugene, Oregon, June 11-14.
Men's Tennis
- Nik Scholtz begins his quest for a national championship as the NCAA Singles Championship begins Wednesday. Scholtz is seeded 9-16 in singles for the third year in a row. In 2012, he reached the quarterfinals.
- Head Coach Billy Chadwick will be inducted into the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Hall of Fame on Wednesday night in Athens, Georgia. He becomes the second representative from Ole Miss to be inducted, joining 1995 NCAA doubles champion Mahesh Bhupathi, who entered the hall of fame in 2010.
- Senior Johan Backstrom was named to the Capital One Academic All-District At-Large Team for the second year in a row. The Uppsala, Sweden, native posted a 4.0 grade point average this spring and boasts a 3.92 cumulative GPA.
- Associate head coach Toby Hansson, who will take over as head coach after Chadwick's retirement, completed his first recruiting class last week, signing the top recruit from Croatia (Zvonimir Babic) and the top recruit from Egypt (Mazen Osama). They join Sweden's top recruit, Gustav Hansson, who signed in the fall.
Men's Golf
- Junior standout golfer Blake Morris competed in the NCAA Auburn Regional in Auburn, Alabama, over the weekend.
- Morris carded a three-round total of 235 and tied for 64th-place overall.
- This concludes the 2013-14 men's golf season.


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To snuffle your nose into a girl's crotch with the aim of eating her out and bringing her to orgasm, orally.
SNOG DOG MAN: Girl yo fine! I is gonna SNOUT YOU OUT tonight with my magic tongue!
GIRL: Bring it on Snog Dog.
GIRL: Bring it on Snog Dog.
by amulet_1972 April 30, 2010


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Graphing Exponential Functions
Lesson 3 of 14
Objective: SWBAT graph exponential functions showing intercepts and end behaviors, show key features of a graph, and review using function notation to evaluate functions for inputs in their domains.
Big Idea: Using tables to graph exponential functions, students explore exponential growth & decay while idenitfying properties such as domain, range, & asymptotes.
Resources (1)
Present page 5 of the flipchart to formally define exponential functions for students. They should add this to their Personal Dictionaries in their own words.
Resources (2)
Graphing Exponentials
Students should work through the Graphing Basic Exponential Functions handout. It is essential that all students work through question 12 to master the learning targets for today. Question 13 is more of an extension and those ideas will also be established later in this unit if students run out of time today. This activity could be completed individually by students or in teams. I will not be allowing the use of a graphing calculator for this activity.
As students are working though this activity I will be looking for them to demonstrate Mathematical Practice 6: attending to precision. I will specifically be checking each students graphs as I monitor the classroom to be sure that none of their graphs dip below the x-axis.
Another important practice I will be informally assessing as students work is their ability to apply Mathematical Practice 8: Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. I want to see students not only apply their exponent rules and tables to graph the functions, but be able to use the patterns and the their reasoning skills to conclude that exponential functions will never be equal to zero but will continue to get closer and closer to zero as x decreases in growth functions (or increases in a decay functions). Students understandings of this concept will be demonstrated in questions 1 and 4.
Resources (3)
The closure questions today (pages 6-10 of the flipchart) assess students' knowledge of identifying exponential growth and decay functions. Students should be able to match the graphs on the last two pages by simply using their knowledge of growth and decay functions.
Resources (1)
Resources (1)
Assign worksheet #1 from this unit for homework tonight.


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Jason Beckfield Award Statement
Jason Beckfield, Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago, is the other 2006 awardee for his work The Consequences of Regional Political and Economic Integration for Inequality and the Welfare State in Western Europe. Beckfield received his degree at Indiana University, Bloomington, where he completed his dissertation project under the direction of Professor Art Alderson. This paper is an exceptional and ambitious work that is fully deserving of the honor of the 2006 ASA Dissertation Award. It is careful, wide-ranging, and thoughtful research that is sure to have an impact within our discipline and beyond. Indeed, it is one of those works of sociology that will win praise among scholarly specialists while also affecting central policy debates.
Jason's dissertation asks how we should go about making sense of regional integration – the construction of regional supranational markets and polities such as NAFTA or the European Union (a phenomenon that is often conflated with "globalization"). In doing so, he addresses a set of issues that cut across the fields of sociology, political science, and economics and strike at the heart of many current debates. The deliberate construction of an integrated European regional economy and polity – the European Union – is one of the most remarkable developments of the postwar period. While of a type with other efforts at regionalization, the EU has moved faster and further towards integration than have other such experiments. As such, study of the EU provides a unique opportunity to explore the effects of changes in the scale of social action and the development of new social forms beyond the national state. It also provides a point of purchase on a number of classic sociological questions and concerns.
To date, sociologists have had little to say about many of the "big questions" surrounding regional integration (and much of what they have had to say has been speculative). In his dissertation, Jason Beckfield takes on the extraordinarily ambitious task of providing rigorous, scientifically-defensible answers to four key questions surrounding regional integration and the EU. First, has regionalization produced economic convergence? In support of the goal of "ever closer union," the reduction of economic disparities between member nations of the European Union has been an explicit policy goal of the EU and its antecedents. Has this goal been accomplished? If so, how? Second, how has regionalization affected inequality within countries? While many observers of the European scene conflate regionalization with globalization and expect "Europeanization" to widen gaps in income in EU nations, others suggest that European integration may insulate EU countries from what are assumed to be the polarizing effects of globalization. What is happening and why? Third, has regional integration made European welfare states more similar? Has the construction of a European polity produced convergence on a "European" welfare state model? Or have the distinctions, for instance, between "conservative," "liberal," and "social democratic" welfare states been preserved owing, perhaps, to path-dependence? Finally, has regional integration contributed to welfare state retrenchment in Europe? Given strict convergence and accession criteria, the possibility of tax-competition resulting from an integrated market, etc., many have linked regionalization to welfare state regress in Europe. Exactly what role has regional integration played in welfare state retrenchment?
Using data on seventeen European countries over the period from 1950-2000 and state of the art theory and method, Jason finds that regional integration is associated with 1) economic convergence among European Union member states, 2) increased income inequality within nations, 3) growing isomorphism among the welfare states of EU members, and 4) welfare-state retrenchment. These findings are, in and of themselves, extremely important and sure to be of great interest to a wide audience of scholars and policy-makers, but their "blockbuster" status lies in how Jason treats the phenomenon of regionalization. Where most research in this area conceptualizes regionalization as first and foremost an economic phenomenon, Jason argues that it also has important political, social, and cultural dimensions. Developing a "political-institutionalist" approach to regional integration, that combines institutionalist thinking with an acute attention to power and interests to highlight how institutions make and structure markets, Jason develops multiple indicators of the economic and political dimensions of regional integration and demonstrates empirically how patterns of convergence and inequality in Europe in the last half-century have been shaped just as much by political integration as they have by economic integration.
The results are truly remarkable and are a real showcase for what sociology can contribute to the broader discussion of transnational processes and their consequences. They lend dramatic support to some of the fundamental hypotheses informing current economic and political sociology, and clearly demonstrate the centrality of sociological insights to the understanding of processes often held to be within the exclusive purview of economics or political science. Jason Beckfield's dissertation is thus richly deserving of this honor.


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Amber Peacock wrote the article "Solving the Allowance Dilemma" in our October issue. You'll have to pick up a print issue to see what she said there; but here, she writes about getting kids to do her household chores!
source: horrigans
I've got a secret. I rarely do the dishes, never vacuum, and have not cleaned the upstairs bathroom in years. My children do it—willingly and without being asked!
It started with a simple chart, "Optional Paid Jobs for Happy Workers." I wanted to instill a healthy work ethic, encourage responsibility, and teach my children how to earn and manage money. I also wanted more help around the house. I made a list of specific household chores that I had been doing, but that I would be willing to pay the children to do. Signing up for a paid job was entirely optional, so I made sure not to list chores that I expected the children to do on their own, such as picking up their toys and putting their dirty clothes in the hamper.
Tips for Success
- Start small with jobs you know your children can handle.
- Invest time in on-the-job training. It's amazing what kids can accomplish with specific instruction.
- Stay positive. These jobs are optional, so there's no need to nag. Children will buy into the system when they need money for something important to them.
- Start fresh each week. Pay weekly and let your children choose new jobs for the week ahead.
- Talk about money management strategies with your child—giving, saving, and planned spending.
Do your kids help with chores around the house? Paid or unpaid?
Amber Peacock, M.S., M.Ed, developed an "Optional Paid Jobs for Happy Workers" chart as an experiment five years ago when her children were 5, 8, and 10. She's tweaked the job list and pay scale over time, but the system is the same. Her kids love getting to choose their own chores and having control over how much money they earn each week. She loves having help around the house, but says the best part is that her children never ask for money. They've learned how to earn and manage their own.


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The huddle at Ben Roethlisberger's house is getting bigger.
The Steelers quarterback and wife Ashley are expecting the couple's second child in early 2014. Roethlisberger released the news on his official website Monday evening.
Roethlisberger and his wife posted: "We are both excited and blessed to announce that we're expecting baby #2 in the spring!"
The baby will join big brother Ben Jr., born last November.
The Roethlisbergers posted that Ben Jr. is "already preparing to be a protective big brother (but will also keep a close eye on his favorite toys)!"
The Roethlisbergers were married just over two years ago in a small enclave north of Pittsburgh in a quiet ceremony attended by a sizable contingent from the organization.


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The more ingredients the more problems you may have with sensitivity to one or more of the components. I like the salt and soda formula Edgar Cayce recommended. It is simple to use and comes in powder form so toothbrush bristles can function more efficiently (rather than "glued together" with excessive toothpaste).
If you prefer a paste, a small amount of Bioforce's Echinacea brand is the simplest and best formula I have found.
The most important factor however, is how you brush.


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Say: skar
A scar is a mark left on your skin from a cut or wound that has healed. You're most likely to get a scar if there is a lot of damage to the skin or the edges of a cut are too far apart to heal properly. You can help prevent scars by keeping germs out by cleaning and covering your cuts and scrapes. And don't pick at those scabs!
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995-
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