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© ® The Nobel Foundation
IPCC honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
Phone: +41-22-730-8208/84 e-mail:
This section discusses the strengths and limitations of the analytic approaches
used to address the reasons for concern, mainly with regard to whether they
can, with the confidence levels given, indicate the severity of impact or risk
as a function of increase in global mean temperature. This discussion identifies
key uncertainties inherent in each method and offers directions for future research
that could improve our confidence in the results produced with each approach.
The organization of this section parallels that of the previous sections of
this chapter. The strengths, limitations, uncertainties, and directions for
each approach are discussed in the same order in which they were discussed in
the preceding sections. However, integrated assessment frameworks are considered
separately from aggregate approaches. Last is a discussion of integration across
methods and reasons for concern.
Advantages: Because observations are based on observed effects rather than
models, they can be used to indicate whether climate change is causing impacts
and whether impacts lead to positive, negative, or indeterminate outcomes. They
also can be used to validate hypotheses and models that formalize hypotheses
on cause and effect.
Disadvantages: The problem with relying on observations to determine the severity
of impacts or risk from climate change is that there has been only 0.7°C
of mean global warming over the past century (although some regions have experienced
much more warming). Because many impact thresholds may not be crossed until
greater magnitudes or rates of warming are reached, it is not clear how to interpret
an observed effect of warming or a group of such observations. Such observed
impacts to date often will be of only minor consequence, even though they may
tend to confirm our understanding of impact processes. Moreover, lack of observed
impacts may be simply because climate change has not yet reached critical thresholds
for such effects. Finally, attribution of causality is very difficult with observed
effects or groups of effects. One must be able to demonstrate that a regional
change in climate is a significant cause of an observed effect and that the
regional change in climate is linked to global climate change.
Uncertainties: Uncertainties include the magnitude of climate change that has
occurred, the extent to which impacts can be attributed to climate change that
has occurred, and whether the relationship between climate change and possible
impacts is linear or nonlinear and continuous or discontinuous.
Research Needs: For climate change impact detection to advance, there is a
need for continued, improved, and augmented data collection and further development
of analytical techniques. Geographical diversity is needed to balance the current
bias of study locations in North America and Europe; more observation studies
are needed in developing countries, with emphasis on those where physical, biological,
and socioeconomic systems have higher vulnerability to climate change (see Chapter
Because climate and impact systems are linked over a range of temporal scales,
longer time series of data allow better understanding of the relative magnitudes
of short- and long-term responses (Duarte et al., 1992; McGowan et al., 1999).
Large-amplitude temporal changes usually involve large spatial dimensions, so
broad-scale spatial/temporal studies are necessary as well. Satellite measurements
of the Earth's surface provide a very useful monitoring capability for
ocean, ecosystem, and land-cover changes. For example, satellite measurements
of the Earth's surface offer the potential for aggregation of observed
impacts with regard to broad-scale ecological responses such as vegetative responses
to increasing lengths of growing seasons (e.g., Myneni et al., 1997), complemented
by meteorological and vegetation data (e.g., Schwartz, 1998).
For ecosystem impacts, continuing observations are needed at sites where studies
already have been conducted, at long-term ecological research sites (e.g., Chapin
et al., 1995), and in protected areas. Programs that provide continued long-term
monitoring of marine and terrestrial environments also are important (Duarte
et al., 1992; Southward et al., 1995). Large-scale spatial/temporal ecosystem
studies are necessary because effects from local changes cannot be extrapolated
to large areas without evidence (McGowan et al., 1999; Parmesan et al., 1999).
Definition of indicator species or systems is a useful element of detection
studies (e.g., Beebee, 1995; Nehring, 1998; Cannell et al., 1999). Coupled with
monitoring programs, such data may then provide a consistent set of evidence
with which to study past, present, and future impacts of climate changes.
A further critical research need is to strengthen analytical tools for understanding
and evaluating observed climate change impacts. Robust meta-analyses of studies
that present good quality, multivariate data from a diversity of settings around
the world will help to define further the global coherence among impacts now
observed. Care also must be taken to ensure that the sample of studies is representative
across time and space, is not biased in its reporting, and uses appropriate
statistical tests. Also needed is development of methods to analyze differential
effects of climate across a range or sector. Individual and grouped studies
need to address possible correlations with competing explanations in a methodologically
rigorous manner.
Also needed are refinements in the fingerprint approach (e.g., Epstein et al.,
1998), including more precise definition of expected changes and quantitative
measurement techniques, similar to that used in detection of climate changes
(see TAR WGI Chapter 12). For climate,
fingerprint elements include warming in the mid-troposphere in the southern
hemisphere, a disproportionate rise in nighttime and winter temperatures, and
statistical increases in extreme weather events in many locations. These aspects
of climate change and climate variability have implications for ecological,
hydrological, and human systems that may be used to define a clear and robust
multidimensional "expected impact signal" to be tested in a range
of observations. A more refined and robust fingerprint approach may aid in the
study of difficult-to-detect, partially causal climate effects on socioeconomic
systems such as agriculture and health.
Assessments of unique and threatened systems tend to be based on studies of
particular exposure units such as coral reefs, small islands, and individual
Advantages: These studies contain richness of detail and involve many researchers,
often from developing and transition countries. In contrast to aggregate studies,
studies of exposure units can be used, at least in principle, to analyze distributional
effects by focusing on impacts on particular systems, species, regions, or demographic
Disadvantages: One of the main disadvantages is that exposure-unit studies
often are not carried out in a consistent manner. Exposure-unit studies often
examine related sectors in isolation and do not examine linkages or integration
among sectors and regions; for example, studies of the effects of climate change
on ecosystems or individual species often are conducted without examining the
potential effects of societal development on such systems. Local processes and
forces (e.g., urbanization, local air pollution) often can be more important
than global ones at the local scale, complicating the task of measuring the
influence of global climate change at the local scale.
Another key disadvantage is incompleteness of coverage. For example, in spite
of many and extensive country studies, there still are many gaps in coverage
in terms of countries, regions within countries, and unique and important potential
impacts that have not been assessed. The choice of exposure units may not necessarily
cover the most vulnerable systems. Topics such as impacts on biodiversity or
unique ecosystems often are not covered. There also has been little attention
to impacts on poor and disadvantaged members of society. Even where particular
critical exposure units have been covered, there may be just a single study.
Drawing conclusions with high confidence on the basis of one study may be inappropriate.
Uncertainties: Uncertainties include the likely magnitude of climate change
at the spatial resolution required by the study of the particular unique and
threatened system, masking of global change effects by nonclimate factors, the
degree of linearity/ nonlinearity in the relationship between stimulus and response,
and the degree to which results from individual studies can be extrapolated
or aggregated.
Research Needs: It would be desirable to have more studies of individual systems,
according to some set of priorities concerning the likely immediacy of the impacts.
Additional work on standardizing methods and reporting of results also would
be extremely useful. It also would be useful to devote more effort to integration
of results from existing studies. Again, it would be especially useful to increase
monitoring of changes in organisms, species, and systems that have limited range
now or are near their limits and to try to separate out or consider other causal
mechanisms such as local air pollution, loss of habitat, and competition from
invading pests and weeds.
Advantages: Distributional impact studies draw attention to likely heterogeneity
in impacts among different regions and social and economic groups. They also
help to identify and assess the situation of the "most vulnerable"
people and systems. Thus, such studies bring equity considerations to center
Disadvantages: Distributional impact studies require regional climate change
projections and impact projections at the regional to local scale, where GCMs
may not be very accurate. They also require projections of demographics and
socioeconomic structure over a long time horizon.
Uncertainties: Research into the distribution of impacts of climate change
is recent (see Section 19.4). There are some findings
on which there is virtual unanimity. Some findings are broad conclusionssuch
as that more resource-constrained regions are likely to suffer more negative
impacts, as are people whose geographic location exposes them to the greatest
hazards from climate change. (Such people often live in regions with marginal
climate for food growing or in highly exposed coastal zones.) Others are more
specific but to date have been more conclusive with regard to the direction
of different impacts among regions, rather than the magnitudes. For example,
we know that impacts in developing low-latitude countries are more negativein
part because those countries tend to be operating at or above optimum temperatures
alreadyand, in some cases, in regions where rainfall will decrease, leading
to water stress. There also is limited capacity for adaptation in these areas.
In some mid-latitude developed countries, agriculture would benefit initially
from warmer conditions and longer growing seasons. Beyond such sweeping statements,
uncertainties are vast. Resource constraints and (climatic) marginality are
multidimensional and complex phenomena. Currently, it is not known which components
of resource constraints or climatic marginality are more important or which
components may compensate for others or may have synergistic effects. There
are suggestions in other literature, but these have not been systematically
applied to the impacts of climate change, conceptually or empirically.
In sum, there is virtual consensus about the broad patterns. There is much
less knowledge about the details, although that situation is slowly improving.
Research Needs: Development of appropriate indicators of differences in regional
impacts and ways of comparing them across regions and socioeconomic groups would
be extremely useful. Improved methods for characterizing baseline demographics
and socioeconomic conditions in the absence of climate change or climate change-motivated
policies also would be useful. There is a need to quantify regional differences
and to develop estimates of the cost of inequity in monetary or other terms
(e.g., effect on poverty rates and trade, social and political instability,
and conflict). More accurate projections of regional climate change would increase
confidence in predictions of regional climate change impacts.
Table of contents
IPCC Homepage


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Stevens Center
Originally a 1929 silent movie theatre the Stevens Center is a magnificently restored neoclassical theatre located in downtown Winston-Salem, NC. Re-opened in April 1983, the Stevens Center is the primary performance space for the University of North Carolina School of the Arts as well as the Winston-Salem Symphony, Piedmont Opera Theatre, and several other local and state arts organizations.
The center has played host to the world premieres of Neil Simon's "Lost in Yonkers," winner of a Pulitzer Prize and four Tony awards, and "Jake's Women," a 19 performance SELLOUT. Other performances have included Rodgers & Hammerstein's "State Fair," Victor Borge, the Smothers Brothers, STOMP, Riders In The Sky, the Vienna Choir Boys, Bella Fleck, The Magic School Bus, Carol Channing and Rita Moreno, "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat," Alison Krauss, the 35th Anniversary Reunion of "The Andy Griffith Show," Gordon Lightfoot, Tony Bennett, Gregory Peck, and the filming of Chris Daughtry's music video "September."
The Stevens Center is wheelchair accessible and is equipped with a two-channel hearing assistance system. A total of 1,364 seats on two levels offer superb sightlines and exceptional acoustics.
If you are interested in purchasing tickets or hearing a list of upcoming events at UNCSA theatres please call the UNCSA Box Office at (336) 721-1945. If you are interested in booking the Stevens Center for your event please call the Administrative line at (336) 723-6320.

subset: commoncrawl


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
>>Visit our Peach Festival page for more information and photos
by Terry Duffy
It's certainly been one heck of a summer this year, with extraordinary hot temperatures, ultra fine weather, and a seemingly endless array of great activities for residents and visitors alike to partake in and enjoy in northern Niagara.
With events such as Artpark Tuesdays in Lewiston; evening concerts in Youngstown and Wilson; a bike rally in Wilson; town celebrations in Porter, Wilson and Newfane; street dances in Youngstown and Ransomville; art and jazz festivals in Lewiston; field days in Youngstown; and much more, Niagara County certainly has been the place to be this summer.
And the good times will continue in fine form this weekend as the 55th Lewiston Kiwanis Peach Festival takes over Academy Park in the Village of Lewiston. Presented annually by the Kiwanis Club of Lewiston, this festival, which runs from Sept. 7 to 9, is both a celebration of Niagara County's most famous harvest - its peaches - and one that is just pure family fun, says 2012 Peach Festival Chairman Dean Beltrano. "This festival has something for just about everyone," he points out.
Into tasty eating fare? Well, let's start with peaches - this is a peach festival, remember?
Beltrano invites visitors to partake in Kiwanis' tasty peach shortcakes, with homegrown peaches provided again this year by Singer Farms in Appleton. This farm, under the direction of General Manager Jim Bittner, boasts high quality fruits, such as apples, pears, cherries, plums and, of course, peaches. It had a decent growing season this summer under Bittner's direction despite the heated temperatures and drought. And that resulted in a harvest of gigantic, almost softball-sized peaches, all of which will be served "super fresh" at this year's festival, according to Beltrano.
"They'll be fresh-picked peaches," Beltrano says. He reports that Bittner, who is marking his eighth year supplying Singer Farms' peaches to Kiwanis for its shortcakes, recently sent his just-picked produce to a nearby Canada facility for processing - peeling and bagging - and the refrigerated fruit - 6 1/2 tons - is expected to be returned to Kiwanis this week, just in time for the festival. "It's as fresh as we can possibly get," says Beltrano.
And it'll be served on DiCamillo shortcakes and topped with fresh cream for festival visitors to enjoy, starting on Friday and continuing all weekend in the Peach Tent, located on the west side of the park.
Beltrano noted that visitors can also look forward to new experiences at this year's festival:
•Improved parking, with free parking to be available in the Artpark upper lots and shuttle service provided throughout the weekend to the festival grounds by Gray Line Tours.
•An all-new Artisan's Alley. "We wanted to do something on the sidewalk along Center Street, so we're trying an Artisan's Alley there," says Beltrano. He reports Kiwanis has five interested artists signed-on to participate so far. They're expected to offer creations ranging from airbrushing to face painting. He invites others who may be interested to look into it. "Anybody who would like to come is welcome. We're looking for less of a high-end and more of a family-oriented" crowd," says Beltrano. Those who may be interested in participating during the festival are asked to contact festival grounds chairman Tony Attardo at 745-3438.
•A new exciting ride for thrill seekers. Beltrano reports that among the more than 40 festival rides provided by North American Midway Company that will arrive this week from the CNE in Toronto is one called the Ring of Fire. "It's a new, one-track roller coaster," Beltrano says. The ride has a car running on an inside circular track that will flip riders upside down at the very top of a high circle. He says the ride is both fun and safe, but it does have a minimum height requirement of four and one-half feet for younger riders. North American Midway staffers will check riders, he adds.
And returning will be a number of longtime festival favorites:
•The 19th annual Cheerleading Contest, Friday, starting at 5 p.m. in the DiMino's bandshell at Academy. Sponsored by DiMino's Lewiston Tops, it features various community cheerleading groups and youth football cheerleaders performing on stage before judges. This one's always a family favorite and Beltrano suggests visitors arrive early.
•The annual Lewiston Kiwanis 5K Fun Run and 1-Mile Walk, Saturday, starting at 9 a.m. "This is the 35th year that Tom (Baia) and Mimi (Cacciatore) have been doing this Fun Run. It keeps expanding every year and is fast becoming a premier event of its type in Niagara County," says Beltrano. Proceeds go this year to benefit the Jonathan "J-Mill" Giving Fund, established in memory of the Lewiston-Porter High School Class of 2010 member who lost his life in an automobile accident. Runners and walkers of all ages are invited to participate. For details on the race, visit www.lewistonkiwanis.org.
•The annual Peach Festival Parade, starting at 10:45 a.m. Saturday on Center Street. Sponsored this year by Wegmans, it will feature more than 100 units. Always a favorite of residents and visitors, expect to see marching bands, majorettes, floats, police units and fire companies, youth football squads and cheerleaders, politicians, color guards, drill teams, plus appearances by this year's Peach Queen contestants, the current Peach Queen, Peach Fuzz and Peach Blossom.
Also of note at this year's parade will be special visits by Kiwanis International President Thomas DeJulio and first lady Dr. Rosemary DeJulio, who will serve as honorary parade marshals. Also, Niagara County Sheriff's Deputy Allen Gerhardt, who lost his legs in an automobile accident while on duty in 2011, will make a special appearance. All will be honored by Lewiston Kiwanis at this year's parade event; and Gerhardt and his family will be treated to a full day at the festival, courtesy of Kiwanis, reports Beltrano.
•Entertainment throughout the weekend, both on stage and on the festival grounds. Included will be Saturday appearances by 23 Skidoo; the Peach Fuzz contest; the Lewiston Choraleers on stage; the Peach Queen fashion show; and a "Tribute to the King," featuring Terry Buchwald as Elvis beginning at 8 p.m.
Sunday will open with the Neptune Ski Club performing off the Lewiston Docks in the river. Other good ones to check out at Academy Park are the Sunday Dance Showcase, featuring dance companies performing every 15 minutes from noon to 3 p.m. on the DiMino's stage. Also the Peach Blossom contest; performances by the Bob Volkman Band and the McCarthy School of Irish Dance; and an evening that will see the crowning of the 2012 Peach Queen on the DiMino's stage.
Yes, from peaches to rides, midway attractions, good times, great eats and more, the Lewiston Kiwanis Peach Festival is sure to have something for everyone.
"Get there early, stay late and enjoy," says Beltrano.
With favorable weather, Kiwanis organizers anticipate three-day crowds approaching 100,000 for this annual event, whose proceeds go to benefit thousands in the area.
For more on this year's festival, including information on advanced ticket sales, visit www.lewistonkiwanis.org.


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This morning, I got a text from Florida Gators wide receiver signee Ja'Juan Story.
A few weeks ago, I had contacted Ja'Juan to do a Q&A with him before his arrival on campus this summer.
The Ja'Juan Story Q&A ran last week and created a big stir on the Internet, including Deadspin.com, based on his answer to a question about his pre-game ritual.
The text said: "I'm apologizing for the inappropriate comment I made about saying 'doodoo' during the Q&A interview and anything else that I might have said that was inappropriate, and I'm sorry for the hassle. Blessed."
I called Ja'Juan to talk to him about it and also to see how he was taking everything. In the most mature fashion, he told me he was sorry.
"I represent more than just myself," Story said. "I represent the entire University and the Gators. I should have thought twice before I said the D word."
Throughout this whole process, I've been beyond impressed with Ja'Juan's maturity and refreshed with his honesty. I had hoped our Q&A would expose some of the layers of his character and personality. He is a very unique individual with much to offer, and I hope that's what people will remember from the Q&A.
After he finished his apology, we talked about the Q&A and how he was taking all of the reactions. He was honestly surprised people found him to be so entertaining. He was just being real.
"I guess I'm weird," he said.
And then, as only Ja'Juan could, he followed up with, "you know what hurts?"
I expected him to say something about being misunderstood or different, but he finished: "getting your cartilage pierced. I mean, I have two tattoos, and it hurts worse than those did…"
Gator Country reporter Amy Campbell can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also follow her on Twitter at msamycampbell.
Amy Campbell Bio
While Amy Campbell is not floating around singing Disney songs…she keeps quite busy covering lots of Gator sports. Most recently, she covered the Gators men's basketball team and followed them to Tampa and to New Orleans in the NCAA tournament. Amy has been a telecommunications major at the University of Florida for two years, but before that she spent three years as a musical theatre major. Her love for theatre and colored lights took her all the way to the Big Apple where she spent a year studying acting, dance, and singing, and of course, seeing nearly every show on Broadway. Amy has never really been great at keeping her thoughts to herself, so usually she will say (or sing) whatever she's thinking. She just can't help it. And since she has such a robust Broadway musical knowledge, there is a song for every occasion. She'll never miss a Disney reference either. At the end of the day, her dream job is really to be a Disney princess.


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By Ian Bremmer
(Reuters) - Through two years of Syrian crisis, the Obama administration has cautiously dragged its feet as the United States is further enmeshed in the conflict. That's a sensible platform at home, with opinion polls showing that Americans don't think the country has a responsibility to intervene. It has strategic merit, too, given that intervention against Bashar al-Assad is an implicit endorsement of a largely unknown opposition force with radical, sectarian factions.
But the status quo in Syria is breaking down, and Obama's worst option is to kick the can as the United States inexorably gets dragged deeper into the conflict. It may be politically painful, but it's time to make a choice: Go all in with a no fly zone — or avoid anything more than diplomatic intervention and humanitarian/non-lethal aid. Here's why.
Until recently, Obama's strategy of hesitance and risk aversion was commendable and well executed. As the situation worsened, the United States took minimal, reactionary steps. First, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton tried to put together a formal — and reasonably liberal — Syrian political opposition, but it quickly fragmented because it had no workable ties to the actual rebels doing the actual fighting. Then the United States turned to non-lethal aid for the rebels (including defensive military equipment) as well as supporting Qatar and other countries through intelligence and logistics. Furthermore, in August 2012, Obama drew a "red line" at "chemical weapons moving around or being utilized" by the regime. At the time, it seemed unlikely to come to fruition anytime soon.
A lot has changed in the past few weeks, which have been the most turbulent since the crisis began two years ago. Reports that Assad may have deployed chemical weapons have become too loud to ignore (along with conflicting assertions that the rebels may also have done so). The violence is intensifying, with reports of civilian slaughters at the hands of the government. Israel conducted two direct military strikes against Iranian missile supplies on Syrian soil. The refugee crisis continues to deteriorate, with more than a million people occupying ramshackle camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq. Meanwhile, Assad is consolidating his military advantage.
Ugly as the situation was, it's now much uglier — and faster-moving.
And so it appears the United States is slipping deeper into the fray. This week, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel became the first senior official in the administration to say "arming the rebels — that's an option." Senator Robert Menendez (D-N.J.), the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, introduced legislation that would provide weapons to the Syrian opposition. The committee's ranking member, Bob Corker, said, "I think that we will be arming the opposition shortly … We are doing a lot more there on the ground than really is known."
All of this means the calculus is no longer what it was a year ago, or even six months ago, but Obama is using the same reluctant tactics of minimal engagement. As it became clear that Assad may have crossed his "red line," Obama simply redrew it, saying the "systematic use" of chemical weapons was the new line in the sand. But the current policy is a one-way street. The United States is only becoming more deeply involved, arming rebels who may or may not be better stewards of a country riven with sectarian conflict.
Offering arms to the rebels doesn't solve Syria's problems. It certainly doesn't decrease the bloodshed. In the near term, it will almost assuredly do the opposite and it is bad policy for the United States, for two reasons. First, the United States would be arming a largely unknown opposition force, and once it offers military aid, it will increasingly be attached to the rebels, and to any atrocities they commit before or after toppling Assad. Ultimately, if the rebels are able to defeat Assad, the war's legacy will leave sectarian warlords grappling for power, keeping the country violent and volatile going forward.
Second, what if the rebels lose? In the past few weeks, Assad has been consolidating his military position and regaining the edge in the civil war. The Iranians have been arming the regime. A rebel victory will thus be bloodier and more unlikely. Once the United States arms the rebels, it's an implicit backstop. Should the rebels require a no-fly zone down the road, the United States would feel political pressure to provide it. The United States would have to assume whatever cost is necessary to keep the rebels afloat.
So what should the United States do? It should recognize where things are heading and take decisive action, one way or the other, as soon as possible. Delays and incremental steps toward military intervention cost lives and undermine the eventual strategy that the United States chooses to pursue. It's time to pull back or dive in.
The first option is difficult to navigate politically but has its merits. Obama could announce that the United States will not take sides in the war. America won't support the rebels, just like it won't support Assad, and it will focus on humanitarian and diplomatic efforts.
Obama could assert that while a humanitarian crisis that has resulted in more than 70,000 deaths is atrocious, the United States does not have the resources, authority or direct security interests necessary to take sides or engage militarily to keep the peace. The United States would essentially take a backseat and glue itself to the chair — a "risk repulsion" strategy as opposed to the risk aversion that Obama has been practicing. But it would keep up diplomatic pressure, however ineffective it might prove to be. That means more initiatives like Secretary of State John Kerry's trip to Moscow. He has spent the week trying to persuade Russian officials to convene an international conference on Syria's future. In Russia, the United States dropped its hard line on Assad, not stipulating to the Russians that Assad has to go. In return, the Russians have shied away from their platform that Assad has to stay.
The drawback to this strategy is that it will likely prove ineffectual, and the humanitarian disaster in Syria will worsen. But our current trajectory has the same two drawbacks — and this approach will keep America out of direct military engagement.
The second option is more violent, more expansive and more dangerous, but it's safer in the long term for Americans and can be more productive for Syrians. The United States could bomb Assad's anti-aircraft defenses to set up a no-fly zone over Syria.
Imposing the no-fly zone is going to take allies, just like it did in Libya. Obama will have to assemble a coalition of the willing, including partners such as Britain, France, Canada, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. The pitch is simple: The no-fly zone will (hopefully) impede much of the violence that the regime's air force can inflict on the rebels. It would help create the conditions for a cease-fire once that imminent threat against the rebels is removed. That, in turn, would allow for a massive humanitarian intervention, including military troops on the ground to separate the regime from the rebels. With some semblance of economic normalcy restored, the refugees can move back, localized governments can be established and the regional crisis can be limited even while Syria's crisis continues.
We are, of course, a long way from all of this working. A no-fly zone will likely anger the Russians, the Iraqis and the Iranians — though it's unclear how much Washington need care about the last. It'll also be expensive and put Americans in harm's way. It's incredibly messy, expensive and it's no panacea.
But it will allow America to dictate the terms in which it enters the fray — and not to take sides. It will mean bombing Assad's defenses, yes, but it will do it for humanitarian reasons, not, at least ostensibly, to help install the rebels. You can make a case that attacking Assad's defenses is tantamount to supporting the rebels, but you could also claim that pushing for a cease-fire is tantamount to letting Assad remain in power. The no-fly zone is an attempt at neutralizing the damage that both sides can inflict on the other, while allowing governance and refugees to return to Syria.
Clearly, the reason the Syria decision is so difficult is because there's no right answer. There are only bad and worse choices. Today, the worst choice is unfortunately the most politically expedient: continuing with the current trajectory. More people die in the interim, and when the United States wakes up to find itself mired in direct involvement, it will be too late to pull out — or to coordinate its military engagement in an optimal, predetermined manner. Its intervention will be piecemeal, inefficient and leave all parties worse off.
For the United States, the Syrian crisis has come to an inflection point. This was not the case just six months ago, but it is apparent now. America has a hard choice to make: Say no to arming the rebels or yes to deeper military engagement. Unfortunately, inaction is the simplest path forward — and the worst one of all.
(Ian Bremmer is a Reuters columnist but his opinions are his own.)
(This column is based in part on a transcribed interview with Bremmer. Ian Bremmer is the president of Eurasia Group, the leading global political risk research and consulting firm. Bremmer created Wall Street's first global political risk index, and has authored several books, including the national bestseller, The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations?, which details the new global phenomenon of state capitalism and its geopolitical implications. He has a PhD in political science from Stanford University (1994), and was the youngest-ever national fellow at the Hoover Institution. )
(Ian Bremmer)


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Daniel Craig: BAFTA Britannia Awards with 'Skyfall' Cast!
Daniel Craig is dapper in a tux at the 2012 BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards at The Beverly Hilton Hotel on Wednesday (November 7) in Beverly Hills, Calif.
The 44-year-old actor was joined at the event by his Skyfall co-stars Naomie Harris, in a Miu Miu dress and Tiffany necklace, and Berenice Marlohe, in an Oscar de la Renta dress, Amrapali earrings and a Le Vian ring, as well as their director Sam Mendes.
Daniel received the Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year at the BBC America sponsored event.
Also pictured: Daniel making an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno earlier in the day. Watch part one of the appearance below and click inside for the second part!
FYI: Daniel is wearing an AllSaints tie during his appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
Daniel Craig – "Tonight Show" Part 1
25+ pictures inside of Daniel Craig at the 2012 BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards…
Daniel Craig – "Tonight Show" Part 2


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2015 Honda Grom
Parked to2015 Honda Grom
byMAD Industries
ComposiMo and MAD Industries teamed up together to give this 2015 Honda Grom a complete makeover. Upgrades throughout the bike include enhanced lighting from Rigid Industries, improved stopping power with Brembo brake calipers, and the best from ComposiMo themselves.
Vehicle Info: 2015 Honda Grom


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A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula
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- A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula is the second comparative history of a new subseries with a regional focus, published by the Coordinating Committee of the International Comparative Literature Association. As its predecessor for East-Central Europe, this two-volume history distances itself from traditional histories built around periods and movements, and explores, from a comparative viewpoint, a space considered to be a powerful symbol of inter-literary relations. Both the geographical pertinence and its symbolic condition are obviously discussed, when not even contested.Written by an international team of researchers who are specialists in the field, this history is the first attempt at applying a comparative approach to the plurilingual and multicultural literatures in the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of comprehensiveness is abandoned in favor of a diverse and extensive array of key issues for a comparative agenda.A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula undermines the primacy claimed for national and linguistic boundaries, and provides a geo-cultural account of literary inter-systems which cannot otherwise be explained.
A Corpus Linguistic Approach to Literary Language and Characterization
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- This book focusses on computer methodologies as a way of investigating language and character in literary texts. Both theoretical and practical, it surveys investigations into characterization in literary linguistics and personality in social psychology, before carrying out a computational analysis of Virginia Woolf's experimental novel The Waves. Frequencies of grammatical and semantic categories in the language of the six speaking characters are analyzed using Wmatrix software developed by UCREL at Lancaster University. The quantitative analysis is supplemented by a qualitative analysis into recurring patterns of metaphor. The author concludes that these analyses successfully differentiate all six characters, both synchronically and diachronically, and claims that this methodology is also applicable to the study of personality in non-literary language. The book, written in a clear and accessible style, will be of interest to post-graduate students and academics in linguistics, stylistics, literary studies, psychology and also computational approaches.
A History of Literature in the Caribbean
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- This history for the first time charts the literature of the entire Caribbean, the islands as well as continental littoral, as one cultural region. It breaks new ground in establishing a common grid for reading literatures that have been kept separate by their linguistic frontiers. Readers will have access to the best current scholarship on the evolution of popular and literate cultures in the various regions since their earliest emergence.
The History of Literature in the Caribbean brings together the most distinguished team of literary Caribbeanists ever assembled, cutting across ideological commitments and critical methods. Differences in point of view between individual contributors are left intact here as the sign of the colonial inheritance of the region. Introductions and conclusions to the various sections of the History written by the respective subeditors, set them in proper perspective. The unique synoptic aspect of the History lies in its comprehensiveness and its range, which are unequaled.
Contributors: A. James Arnold, Julio Rodriguez-Luis, H. Lopez Morales, Maria Elena Rodriguez Castro, Silvio Torres Saillant, Seymour Menton, Ian I. Smart, Efrain Barradas, Raquel Chang-Rodriguez, Carlos Alonso, Ivan A. Schulman, W.L. Siemens, William Luis, Gustavo Pellon, Emilio Bejel, Sandra M. Cypess, Peter Earle, Adriana Mndez Rodenas, J. Michael Dash, Ulrich Fleischmann, Maximilien Laroche, Rgis Antoine, Lon-Franois Hoffmann, Randolph Hezekiah, Bridget Jones, F.I. Case, Marie-Denise Shelton, Beverly Ormerod, J. Michael Dash, Jack Corzani, Anthea Morrison, Juris Silenieks, Frantz Fanon, Vere Knight.
A History of Literature in the Caribbean
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- Cross-Cultural Studies is the culminating effort of a distinguished team of international scholars who have worked since the mid-1980s to create the most complete analysis of Caribbean literature ever undertaken. Conceived as a major contribution to postcolonial studies, cultural studies, cultural anthropology, and regional studies of the Caribbean and the Americas, Cross-Cultural Studies illuminates the interrelations between and among Europe, the Caribbean islands, Africa, and the American continents from the late fifteenth century to the present. Scholars from five continents bring to bear on the most salient issues of Caribbean literature theoretical and critical positions that are currently in the forefront of discussion in literature, the arts, and public policy.
Among the major issues treated at length in Cross-Cultural Studies are: The history and construction of racial inequality in Caribbean colonization; The origins and formation of literatures in various Creoles; The gendered literary representation of the Caribbean region; The political and ideological appropriation of Caribbean history in creating the idea of national culture in North and South America, Europe, and Africa; The role of the Caribbean in contemporary theories of Modernism and the Postmodern; The decentering of such canonical authors as Shakespeare; The vexed but inevitable connectedness of Caribbean literature with both its former colonial metropoles and its geographical neighbors.
Contributions to Cross-Cultural Studies give a concrete cultural and historical analysis of such contemporary critical terms as hybridity, transculturation, and the carnivalesque, which have so often been taken out of context and employed in narrowly ideological contexts.
Two important theories of the simultaneous unity and diversity of Caribbean literature and culture, propounded by Antonio Benítez-Rojo and +douard Glissant, receive extended treatment that places them strategically in the debate over multiculturalism in postcolonial societies and in the context of chaos theory. A contribution by Benítez-Rojo permits the reader to test the theory through his critical practice.
Divided into nine thematic and methodological sections followed by a complete index to the names and dates of authors and significant historical figures discussed, Cross-Cultural Studies will be an indispensable resource for every library and a necessary handbook for scholars, teachers, and advanced students of the Caribbean region.

A History of Literature in the Caribbean
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- For the first time the Dutch-speaking regions of the Caribbean and Suriname are brought into fruitful dialogue with another major American literature, that of the anglophone Caribbean. The results are as stimulating as they are unexpected. The editors have coordinated the work of a distinguished international team of specialists.
Read separately or as a set of three volumes, the History of Literature in the Caribbean is designed to serve as the primary reference book in this area. The reader can follow the comparative evolution of a literary genre or plot the development of a set of historical problems under the appropriate heading for the English- or Dutch-speaking region. An extensive index to names and dates of authors and significant historical figures completes the volume.
The subeditors bring to their respective specialty areas a wealth of Caribbeanist experience. Vera M. Kutzinski is Professor of English, American, and Afro-American Literature at Yale University. Her book Sugar's Secrets: Race and The Erotics of Cuban Nationalism, 1993, treated a crucial subject in the romance of the Caribbean nation. Ineke Phaf-Rheinberger has been very active in Latin American and Caribbean literary criticism for two decades, first at the Free University in Berlin and later at the University of Maryland. The editor of A History of Literature in the Caribbean, A. James Arnold, is Professor of French at the University of Virginia, where he founded the New World Studies graduate program. Over the past twenty years he has been a pioneer in the historical study of the Négritude movement and its successors in the francophone Caribbean.

A History of Russian Symbolism
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- The era of Russian Symbolism (1892-1917) has been called the Silver Age of Russian culture, and even the Second Golden Age. Symbolist authors are among the greatest Russian authors of this century, and their activities helped to foster one of the most significant advances in cultural life (in poetry, prose, music, theater, and painting) that has ever been seen there. This book is designed to serve as an introduction to Symbolism in Russia, as a movement, an artistic method, and a world view. The primary emphasis is on the history of the movement itself. Attention is devoted to what the Symbolists wrote, said, and thought, and on how they interacted. In this context, the main actors are the authors of poetry, prose, drama, and criticism, but space is also devoted to the important connections between literary figures and artists, philosophers, and the intelligentsia in general. This broad, detailed and balanced account of this period will serve as a standard reference work an encourage further research among scholars and students of literature.
A Reader in the Language of Shakespearean Drama
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- In recent years the language of Shakespearean drama has been described in a number of publications intended mainly for the undergraduate student or general reader, but the studies in academic journals to which they refer are not always easily accessible even though they are of great interest to the general reader and essential for the specialist. The purpose of this collection is therefore to bring together some of the most valuable of these studies which, in discussing various aspects of the language of the early 17th century as exemplified in Shakespearean drama, provide the reader with deeper insights into the meaning of Shakespearean text, often by reference to the social, literary and linguistic context of the time.
Actes Sémiotiques
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- Series discontinued after volume 6.
Adolf Glassbrenner
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- Adolf Glassbrenner (1810–1876) was a German humorist and satirist. The aim of this study is to show that Glassbrenner's writings were rooted within the abstract idealism of the Young Germans. Special focus lies on the period between 1840 and 1849, Glassbrenner's most active writing period, and representing most closely the elements of Humor and Tendenz. This study is of interest to everyone who wants to know more about the ideas behind the writings of Adolf Glassbrenner, but also to those who want to make a first acquaintance with this famous German writer.
After the Classics
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- This selection of the verse of Valencian poet Vicent Andres Estelles (1924-1993) is accompanied by a translation into English from the original Catalan. The format of an innovative dialogue with classical authors — a cornerstone of Estellesian expression — constitutes an ingenious invocation and parodic commentary on the output and ethos of the Latin poets Horace, Ovid, Virgil and Catullus, the medieval patriarch of Valencian letters Ausiàs March and the Renaissance Castilian poet, Garcilaso de la Vega. For Estellés, Octavian Rome provides a parallel to the Franco dictatorship and the historical framework surrounding these writers affords the neophyte an opportunity for ideological denunciation, creative wit and lyrical grace as well as righteous anger at the oppressive pettiness of life under autocracy. The translators have attempted to bring to an Anglophone readership the wealth of achievement of this writer who, despite the severity of fascist repression, sang and celebrated the experience of his own community through its own oppressed language.
Alfred den Store, Danmarks geografi
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I denne bog foretager forfatteren en undersøgelse af de fire afsnit i kong Alfreds The Old English Orosius, hvori gammelt dansk område beskrives.Efter en forskningsoversigt imødegås de forestillinger, som flere tidligere forskere har dannet sig om, at kong Alfred – navnlig i Skandinavien – har anvendt en nordretning, som afviger fra den astronomiske. Ud fra tværfaglige synspunkter følger forfatteren den opfattelse, at forholdet mellem sprog og omverden ikke nødvendigvis er vilkårligt, og der stilles mere indtrængende spørgsmål til de forekommende lokaliteters geografiske beliggenhed end i den hidtidige historiske litteratur.
Ved gennemgangen af teksten følges det system, som først er opstillet af Laborde i 1925, og det vises, at beskrivelsen af østfrankernes og oldsaksernes naboer samt af de nordiske folk kunne være resultatet af rejser, som er foretaget af to af de medarbejdere ved værket, som vi kender navnene på fra de skriftlige kilder (Grimbald og Johannes).
Efter en gennemgang af de to afsnit, der sædvanligvis omtales som 'Ottars og Wulfstans rejsebeskrivelser', vises det, at disse tekster snarere er resultatet af kong Alfreds redaktion af værket.
An Approach to Translation Criticism
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- Lance Hewson's book on translation criticism sets out to examine ways in which a literary text may be explored as a translation, not primarily to judge it, but to understand where the text stands in relation to its original by examining the interpretative potential that results from the translational choices that have been made. After considering theoretical aspects of translation criticism, Hewson sets out a method of analysing originals and their translations on three different levels. Tools are provided to describe translational choices and their potential effects, and applied to two corpora: Flaubert's Madame Bovary and six of the English translations, and Austen's Emma, with three of the French translations. The results of the analyses are used to construct a hypothesis about each translation, which is classified according to two scales of measurement, one distinguishing between "just" and "false" interpretations, and the other between "divergent similarity", "relative divergence", "radical divergence" and "adaptation".
André Breton
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Antigüedad y actualidad de Luis Vélez de Guevara
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- Esta colección de estudios críticos se ha compilado con el propósito de revalorar al genial comediógrafo del siglo XVII, Luis Vélez de Guevara (1579-1644), y, posiblemente, restablecerlo como figura de importancia en la historia del teatro español.
Aproximació a l'altre / An approach to the other
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- The different contributions included in this volume deal with aspects of biographical writing and other similar genres (semblances, portraits, etc.). These articles analyze theoretical and generic questions as well as some of the most relevant examples of the genre – with a focus on those written in Catalan. In addition, some of the articles focus on the relationship between biography and national images (nation-building) from a sociocultural standpoint.
The Research Group on Contemporary Literature from the Universitat d'Alacant has gathered contributions from several specialists in numerous fields and has selected a group of relevant works for analysis. In addition to studies on authors such as André Maurois and Lytton Strachey, contributions deal with figures such as Josep Pla, Domènec Guansé, Josep Maria Espinàs and Agustí Pons. Finally, some contributions pay attention to the biographical genre in the audiovisual arts.
The volume contains contributions in Spanish, English, and Catalan.
Aspects of Góngora's 'Soledades'
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- This study of Góngora's Soledades is intended to summarize and discuss some of the problems which seemed important for a better understanding of these poems. Special attention is paid to the two opposing 'camps' that developed over time; one mainly focussing on the form and the other on the content of Soledades. In this volume the authors tries to integrate the methods and results of both of the 'camps'.
Aspects of Literary Comprehension
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- Given the fact that there are widely different types of text, it is unlikely that every text is processed in the same way. It is assumed here that for each text type, proficient readers have developed a particular cognitive control system, which regulates the basic operations of text comprehension. The book focuses on the comprehension of literary texts, which involves specific cognitive strategies that enable the reader to respond flexibly to the indeterminacies of the literary reading situation. The study relies heavily on methods and theoretical conceptions from cognitive psychology and presents the results of experiments carried out with real readers. The results are not only relevant to research problems in literary theory, but also to the study of discourse comprehension in general.
Auctor Ludens
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- This is a book about play practice rather than play theory. Of course, practice presupposes theory, but here the editors choose to keep general theoretical assumptions under cover rather then force them into explicitness. The contributors to this volume were given free rein to discuss whatsoever aspect of literary play caught their fancy. The absence of a predetermined theoretical framework has resulted in an idiosyntractic volume on the different forms of play.
Author Representations in Literary Reading
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- Author Representations in Literary Reading investigates the role of the author in the mind of the reader. It is the first book-length empirical study on generated author inferences by readers of literature. It bridges the gap between theories which hold that the author is irrelevant and those that give him prominence. By combining insights and methods from both cognitive psychology and literary theory, this book contributes to a better understanding of how readers process literary texts and what role their assumptions about an author play. A series of experiments demonstrate that readers generate author inferences during the process of reading, which they use to create an image of the text's author. The findings suggest that interpretations about the author play a pivotal role in the literary reading process. This book is relevant to scholars and students in all areas of the cognitive sciences, including literary studies and psychology.
Les Avant-gardes littéraires au XXe siècle
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- Le présent ouvrage, composé de deux volumes, réunit la documentation la plus complète et variée qui existe à ce jour dans la matière. Conçu comme un authentique travail collectif, il examine les mouvements littéraires d'avant-garde de 1905–1910 à 1975 successivement sous les angles diachronique (histoire et typologie: vol. I) et synchronique (tendances esthétiques, genres et procédés, relation avec les beaux-arts, la science et la technique, perspectives sociologiques, réception critique: vol. II). Plus de cinquante auteurs, originaires d'une zone s'étendant de la Suède et de la Roumanie à l'Argentine et aux États-Unis, ont collaboré ici, axant leurs enquêtes sur des objectifs analogues, confrontant leurs résultats, résolvant nombre de problèmes, en soulevant d'autres, prospectant non seulement tous les pays d'Europe et d'Amérique, mais jusqu'à l'Afrique du Nord, le Proche-Orient et les Antilles. L'ensemble, complexe et fouillé, offre néanmoins une image cohérente du sujet, non point dogmatique, mais nuancée.

Comme l'exigeait la matière, l'analyse des textes va de pair avec celle des idées, d'intentions et de comportements qui constituent, au même titre que poèmes, romans ou pièces de théâtre, la spécificité des avant-gardes et qui sont parfois devenus monnaie courante, aujourd'hui, dans les beaux-arts et, même, dans la vie quotidienne. Complément des volumes publiés par Ulrich Weisstein (Expressionism as an International Literary Phenomenon) et Ana Balakian (The Symbolist Movement in the Literature of European Languages), l'ouvrage retrace l'une des aventures les plus passionnantes du siècle.


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Runway to Real Way: Givenchy
Just like in our Inspired By stories, we deeply enjoy translating high fashion outfits into inexpensive, interesting ensembles for our Runway to Real Way installments of Who What Wear TV. It's truly a delight to show our personal interpretations of the season's key looks and break down the important trends. Of all the dynamic and intriguing collections on display this fall, we were particularly besotted with the styles seen at Givenchy and brainstormed two like-minded looks for you to try out. In today's episode, we grabbed some heavy chains (of course!), found a fantastic pair of faux leather leggings, and even incorporated some beauty elements from the runway show. You'll be amazed by how simple it is to pull off an affordable take on the sharply silhouetted, darkly romantic outfits. Also, we've made it easier than ever to purchase products seen on the show-just visit the WWW TV page, click on any look, and start shopping-so be sure to check it out today!


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Studio B Fine Art Gallery takes its artist members "On the Road" with an exhibit entitled "Elements of Fraktur," scheduled to open on Sunday, Oct. 13, at Schwenkfelder Library and Heritage Center, Pennsburg, PA, at a reception from 2 p.m.to 4 p.m.
The exhibit runs through Jan. 17, 2014, and is part of Studio B's annual Fall into Winter Artists' Studio and Gallery Tour, scheduled for Nov. 23-24, inviting visitors to seven artists' studios and galleries.
The Challenge: Susan Biebuyck, gallery director at Studio B--Boyertown's Fine Art Gallery, encouraged the studio's 80+ artist members to be inspired by the colorful folk art known as Fraktur, popular with the 19th century Pennsylvania German folk culture, and to submit work using fresh and creative approaches for an exclusive exhibit to be held at Schwenkfelder Library and Heritage Center entitled "Elements of Fraktur." Light refreshments will be served during this "Meet the Artist" opportunity.
While fraktur properly takes its name from the text or wording of hand-drawn documents that recorded births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, house blessings, for example, the fraktur maker almost always embellished his work with drawings of various birds (real and imaginary), tulips, angels, mermaids, soldiers, animals, and geometric patterns and designs of his fancy. Adapting the 19th century folk art style by 21st century artists for modern audiences has proved to be a most rewarding and instructive challenge for the artists and promises a most interesting show.
The mission of the Schwenkfelder Library & Heritage Center is to collect, preserve, exhibit and interpret books, manuscripts and artifacts related to the Schwenkfelders, the people of southeastern Pennsylvania in general and the Perkiomen Valley in particular.
The Heritage Center offers a variety of tours and programs for groups of all ages specifically on a selected area of interest. Facilities can also accommodate groups for lunch. In addition to tours at the Heritage Center, programs can be held off-site. Current tour and program topics include:
* Fraktur–A Pennsylvania German Folk Art
* Early Pennsylvania Immigration as told through the Schwenkfelder immigration story
* Pennsylvania German Culture–focusing on the Upper Perkiomen Valley Area
* Schwenkfelder History–Upper Perkiomen Valley History
* Caspar Schwenckfeld & Schwenkfelder Theology
Schwenkfelder Library & Heritage Center is located at 105 Seminary Street, Pennsburg, PA 18073. Contact Us: firstname.lastname@example.com, 215–679–3103
Fraktur: Then and Now
~Robert Wood
During the one hundred years between 1720 and 1820 well over 100,000 German-speaking immigrants entered Pennsylvania, most of them through the port of Philadelphia. In just five, the years between 1749 and 1754, nearly 37,000 Germanic immigrants came through that port and spread throughout Pennsylvania and beyond. During that century, some townships such as New Hanover, which then extended to the Schuylkill River and included the present Potts groves and Pottstown, were almost exclusively populated by German-speaking residents.
Although they came from many different Germanic states (there was no German nation until 1871), they settled close together so their traditions and dialects blended to form the Pennsylvania German folk culture. This Germanic heritage found expression in all aspects of their lives: farming methods, clothing, food, speech, architecture, church, school, and, colorful folk arts, one of which specifically is our theme today---fraktur (pronounced frok-tour).
Fraktur is the term for the colorful, highly artistic and frequently elaborate illuminated folk art executed in ink and watercolors on paper. The term "illuminated" refers back to the pre-printing era when the initial letter or word in a manuscript was decorated with elaborate tracery and miniature designs executed in bright colors. "Fraktur" has the same root as fracture and refers to writing wherein the letters are broken from each other, or as we would say "printed," rather than written in cursive.
Consequently, fraktur properly takes its name from the text or wording of hand drawn documents that recorded births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, house blessings or other such matters. The fraktur maker almost always embellished his work with drawings of various birds (real and imaginary), tulips, angels, mermaids, soldiers, animals, and geometric patterns and designs of his fancy.
Today the term is used a little more loosely and also describes all sorts of folk art on paper. The most common fraktur that survive today are probably the printed "certificate" forms that were filled in and painted. Even before 1800 certificates for births, baptisms and weddings were commercially printed with borders and outlines of birds, flowers and other decorative designs with blank spaces left for the names. These printed forms were often sold by itinerants and at rural stores. A skilled calligrapher, perhaps the itinerant himself, would fill in the information and maybe do the painting. Although not strictly speaking "certificates" since no one in authority had signed them, they have been regarded as legal documents. Framed, these today adorn the walls of many proud descendents.
Baptismal certificates, "Taufschein" in the dialect, are of particular value to genealogists since in addition to the name of the child there are recorded the names of the father and mother, with her maiden name, the date of birth, the place of birth, usually the county and township being given, the name of the officiating clergyman with his denomination and the names of the witnesses.
Other than these printed certificates, there all sorts of naďve folk drawings, and paintings without text that are found on bookplates (the blank pages at the front of books), inside book covers and on all manner of paper such as journals, stand alone drawings or even as mere doodles. These are prized today by collectors.
Finally, thousands of frakturs have been created by Lutheran, Reformed, Mennonite, and Schwenkfelder school teachers and later public school teachers as rewards to students or as writing models.
Aside from the pre printed birth and baptism forms filled in by a calligrapher, the creation of Fraktur art diminished in the nineteenth century with practically none made after about 1850.


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IRS Modifies Preparer Compliance Initiative; Fewer Office Visits Expected
December 20, 2012
The Internal Revenue Service has informed the American Institute of CPAs that it plans to substantially revise its tax return preparer compliance initiative for the upcoming 2013 filing season.
During its 2012 filing season initiative, the IRS sent about 21,000 letters to tax practitioners and conducted approximately 2,100 preparer office visits.
The IRS has announced that it plans to send only about 5,000 letters to tax return preparers for its 2013 filing season compliance program, and approximately 1,350 of those preparers will receive office visits from an agent. According to the IRS, these 5,000 preparer letters and office visits will be "educational" and focus on automobile and truck expenses found on Form 1040, Schedule C. Senior IRS officials have stated that all office visits will take place prior to the beginning of the 2013 filing season.
The AICPA had frequently commented to the IRS that members who received letters were not informed of the specific issue that prompted the notification and also requested the IRS to avoid sending agents to preparer offices during tax season.
The AICPA will keep members informed of any issues as they develop with respect to the Service's 2013 preparer compliance initiative.
For more information about the AICPA's efforts to modify the program, see the January 2012 CPA Advocate story.


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Cosmology: The Origin, Evolution & Ultimate Fate of the Universe - An Introductory Resource Guide for College Instructors
Cosmology is an enormous field and the number of educational resources can be a bit overwhelming. This annotated guide includes a sampling of non-technical materials – online and in print - that Astronomy 101 instructors around the U.S. have been... (View More) using. Items were selected based on their level of difficulty (Astro 101 level and below), the likelihood of their being easily available for a college audience, and their potential usefulness for teaching and learning. (View Less)
The discovery and characterization of exoplanets is one of the most exciting and fast-changing areas in modern astronomical research. This annotated guide includes a wide range of materials, both online and in print, that astronomy instructors and... (View More) their students can use to learn about the latest developments. Items were selected based on their level of difficulty (Astro 101 level and below), the likelihood of their being easily available for a college audience, and their usefulness for teaching and learning. (View Less)
This set of physics-based labs uses data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. Students create movies using near-real-time data, explore the connection between solar activity and space weather, use different types of data to generate... (View More) and test hypotheses, and collaborate with other students to explore further. Students present their results in a scientifically-appropriate manner. (View Less)
This set of three videos illustrates how math is used in satellite data analysis. NASA climate scientist Claire Parkinson explains how the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers are measured from satellite data and how math is used to determine trends... (View More) in the data. In the first video, she leads viewers from satellite data collection through obtaining a time series of monthly Arctic and Antarctic average sea ice extents for November 1978-December 2016. In the second video, she begins with the time series from the first video, removes the seasonal cycle by calculating yearly averages, and proceeds to calculate the slopes of the lines to get trends in the data, revealing decreasing sea ice coverage in the Arctic and increasing sea ice coverage in the Antarctic. In the third video, she uses a more advanced technique to remove the seasonal cycle and shows that the trends are close to the same, whichever method is used. She emphasizes the power of math and that the techniques shown for satellite sea ice data can also be applied to a wide range of data sets. Note: See Related & Supplemental Resources for the maps and data files (1978-2016) that will allow you to do the calculations shown in the video. These also include data for different regions of the Arctic and Antarctic, enabling learners to do additional calculations beyond those shown in the videos. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
In this lab activity, students use simulation results and data available through the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) to explore the structure of the solar wind, its variation through the heliosphere. Participants will become... (View More) familiar with aspects of the solar wind simulations: variables involved, the shape of the simulation volume, and the accepted methods for displaying those results. It was designed for graduate students doing research, but is also valuable for an undergraduate space science course or as an application in a physics course. The activity is designed for students to work in groups of 3 or 4 sharing a computer and a large work space. The instructors guide includes a discussion of lab goals, a set of concept questions, responses to student guide questions, and some student misconceptions. (View Less)
Participants respond to 10 multiple-choice questions related to glaciers and ice-caps. Immediate feedback, explanations and a final score are provided.
Materials Cost: Free
This online lab exercise focuses on the causes, characteristics and effects of the glacial-interglacial cycle. The sixth in a 10-part lab series on weather and climate, this lab exercise is designed for first and second year college geoscience... (View More) students (majors and non-majors) as well as pre-service STEM teachers. (View Less)
This online lab exercise focuses on the processes involved in the Carbon cycle and the influences of human activity on those processes- especially as they relate to Earth's weather and climate. The fourth in a 10-part lab series on weather and... (View More) climate, this lab exercise is designed for first and second year college geoscience students (majors and non-majors) as well as pre-service STEM teachers. (View Less)
This is a poster about the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), an instrument onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Learners can find out what it does and how it works, then go online and start exploring the Red Planet... (View More) with real Mars data. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
This is a make-it-yourself planisphere designed to show where Kepler is pointing. Learners can use it to locate exoplanets around stars in the night sky. It comes with two wheels: one with coordinate grid for plotting additional exoplanet stars and... (View More) one without grid that is easier to read; and two holders for varying latitudes (one for 30°-50° and one for 50°-70°). The product is updated approximately annually to incorporate improvements and any newly discovered planets orbiting naked eye stars. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per student


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http://www.tronsmart.com/forum/tronsmar ... lease#1879
As with the last release of Lubuntu for the Tronsmart Draco AW80, phoenixcard can only burn the sdcard in Product mode. This is fine if you want to replace android, but for everyone that wants to just try it out...
I've modified the image file by unpacking it, replacing the rootfs with a much smaller one, repacking it, burned it in Startup mode, then used dd to write the rootfs to the 7th partition on the sdcard. I was unable to burn it to an 8GB sdcard this time, but it did work on a 16GB sdcard.
Here is the result! A 16GB dd image of the 20150204 Lubuntu release burned in "Startup" mode.
Download from my google driver mirror:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2J_Nq ... sp=sharing
In order to use this you'll have to extract the tar.gz file and use dd or win32diskimager to "burn" the .img.dd to a 16GB sdcard.
Example of dd usage:
Code: Select all
sudo dd if=AW80_Ubuntu_20150204_16gb_sd_startup.img.dd of=/dev/sdb bs=1k
(my sdcard adapter with 16GB sdcard is listed on /dev/sdb, please make sure you are using dd on the correct device!)


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The Amazing Race picked up its ninth trophy (in 10 nominations) for reality-competition series at last Sunday's Primetime Emmy Awards, but the evening was special for Phil Keoghan for another reason.
"My daughter was 6 the first time we won and I told her that I would take her to the Emmys when she's 16 if we're lucky enough to be nominated then, let alone still be on the air," Keoghan tells TVGuide.com. "So a decade has gone by — I don't know how it's gone that quickly — we're still here and we got nominated, so I took her and it was great to be there with her." It wasn't smooth sailing the whole night: His daughter Elle fainted before the show from the oppressive heat (she's OK) and Keoghan had trouble getting into the theater after seeking help for her. "The entrance was blocked, so we had to go all the way around and luckily made it back in time before the category was announced," he says. "It was our own Roadblock!"
Fall Preview: Get scoop on your favorite returning showsNine Emmys later, Race is heading into its 21st season (Sunday, 8/7c, CBS) and raising the stakes even higher. For the first time, the show is doubling the prize money to $2 million — but there's a catch: A team must win the first and last legs to win the $2 million purse. So why up the grand prize now? What else can we expect from Season 21? Keoghan gives us the scoop. Congrats on the Emmy win! Do you still get nervous after so many wins?
Phil Keoghan: Thank you! I do. Every year that we have won, I was more nervous than I ever was, last year included since we had lost [in 2010 to Top Chef]. The first time we ever won, I was so relaxed because there were absolutely no expectations. In some respects, we were an underdog show. We weren't the highest-rated. We were just a critically acclaimed show, I think. I think that first award really put us on the map. It made people who hadn't found our show yet go, "What's this show that just won?"That one was for Season 3, which was a game-changing season. And now you're on 21.
Keoghan: Yeah, Season 3 was a pivotal one, [Season] 5 too. In fact, all our odd-numbered years were really pivotal — 1, 3, 5, 7 were big years for us. And now it's 21. I remember thinking five years was extraordinary. It's absolutely mind-blowing to be in the 20s now.Is that why you're upping the prize to a potential $2 million?
Keoghan: Yeah, that came from CBS. CBS said that they really wanted to have a game-changer, to have something that would make the audience pay attention and certainly make the teams race a little harder. Thankfully, they managed to find the resources to be able to offer it as a prize. The reaction that I got at the starting line was quite enthusiastic. "Oh, that sounds like a good idea!" (Watch a sneak peek of the starting line below.) I'm not sure we can say the same for past Racers.
Keoghan: [Laughs] I always say, I don't think there's anybody who's been on the Race who was in it just to win the money. Honestly, I think if you could offer any of the Racers a chance to come back just to race, they would take it. While the money is definitely a tantalizing prize waiting at the end, the experiences that they have, money couldn't buy. We've allowed teams to go to the pit where the Terracotta warriors are in China — no amount of money could buy you into that place. I don't even think $2 million could cover it, quite frankly. It's the best that money can't buy.
Keoghan: Yeah, I think you're gonna love the teams. The team that stood out from the beginning were the Sri Lankan twins [Nadiya and Natalie]. They talk incessantly. They have a wonderful, self-deprecating sense of humor. They constantly bicker at one another and then turn around and love each other dearly. The Beekman Boys [Josh and Brent] — the funniest thing was that during the auditions [when] they were describing how they lost their jobs and they started this goat farm. They described having one arm attached to a certain part of the goat's anatomy while the other hand was holding onto an iPhone on how to help a goat give birth. I don't know if there's a goat app now, but when they described that with hand gestures, we just were like, "These guys are hysterical!" The Chippendales [Jaymes and James] are gonna be some real eye candy. They're very funny, very quick, vivacious, quite sensitive. They're not what you would expect and not what I expected. I was just surprised at their humility and their sensitivity. They came on this Race to have a great time and they definitely did. They know how to have fun.
Check out the hottest stars to watch this fallThere's a somewhat suspenseful finish to the first leg. Were you surprised at what happened?
Keoghan: I was really surprised. The thing about Amazing Race is that the teams don't realize that one decision about letting something go or trying to be nice at some point can come back and sting you. You have to just focus on racing and race smart and be careful about ever giving up anything. All I can say is, every single one of them says, "Man, we used to yell at the screen and say, 'Why are they doing this?' But when we come on, we realized it's not as easy as it looks.'"Someone also doesn't read a clue properly. How can teams still do this after 21 seasons?
Keoghan: I know! Honestly, I think people underestimate how much jet lag is playing into bad decisions. People stop thinking when they're under pressure. This is all happening at a million miles per hour — 12 shows in 21 days. It was faster than the last season and the last season was crazy-fast. I think people think because the show airs week to week, there's this big space between legs, like we're all resting and hanging out for seven days, but we literally do not stop. You're going to see some very smart people make some very dumb mistakes.How dumb? Missing you at the Pit Stop dumb?
Keoghan: [Laughs] Just mistakes they would not ordinarily make if they were not so tired and so out of it. It's part of what makes the Race work. If we did have a week between legs, it would be a completely different show. There are definitely fatal mistakes, not just one, but a number of multiple fatal mistakes. ... You're gonna see, literally, in one episode two teams racing for last place. There's an intersection where they can go left or go right to get to the Pit Stop. They're in a mode of transportation where they're side-by-side yelling at each other. One team goes left, one goes right. One stays and one doesn't. They were within seconds of arriving on the mat.Are snowboarders your new beauty queens? You used to have beauty queens all the time and now you have another snowboarder in three seasons.
Keoghan: [Laughs] It's kind of topical now with the Olympics and the Paralympics — these athletes with these extraordinary mindsets to overcome adversity. [Amy] is our first-time double-amputee Racer. She's a three-time World Cup champion snowboarder. She's one to watch. I think that's what's so great about our show — we can cast such diverse people. Other people cast for singing ability, dancing ability, losing-weight ability, cooking ability, designing ability. Our show is not about any particular ability at all. The more different you are, the more likely you are to be chosen if you have a really interesting personality and backstory. A Chippendale, a monster truck driver [Rob] and a former rock star [James from White Lion and Megadeath] would never wind up together in a pub for a drink in real life. James and Abba are another team to watch out for. People think they know what to expect from the long hair and hearing that he's a rock star. These are pretty smart guys.Fans were not fond of the fighting between Rachel and Vanessa last season. How much inter-team drama is there this season?
Keoghan: There's definitely drama and some bickering, but nothing like last season. I think this cast has a better competitive attitude than last season's. There's healthier competition this season. I mean, some of that stuff with Rachel and Vanessa was getting really nasty last time.And the Switchback is back.
Keoghan: Yeah, you like that? What's interesting is the fans are trying to guess which [old task it is.] People love to see how new teams would cope with those legendary moments. I'll just say it had hilarious results the first time.Please tell me it's the cheese.
Keoghan: [Laughs] I will tell you that the cheese is probably one of my favorite moments ever. The cheese task was not necessarily planned out to go the way the cheese task went. I don't think we planned for 50-pound cheese to roll down the hill and possibly take out locals. Thankfully there were fences down the hill, otherwise the headlines would've been "Amazing Race Cheese Takes Out Village."
Check out the best and worst reality show hostsWhat kind of new tasks will we see?
Keoghan: Going to Indonesia the first time was so popular that we decided to head back, and we do something interesting there. The best challenges are the ones that are indigenous. I can promise some very messy and smelly challenges. (Check out a sneak peek of a Roadblock from the premiere.) Were the final three who you expected — or who you think viewers might expect — to be?
Keoghan: The final three are always a surprise because none of us ever get it right! I'm terrible! Even the first couple that left, I didn't see coming. That was not the team I had picked. We always take a few bets on who we think will make the final three and nobody has ever gotten it right. I never saw Flo and Zach winning [Season 3]. Everybody had Rob and Amber picked to win [Season 7]. This year, I was way wrong and a couple teams that I picked got eliminated pretty early. They might be the same teams fans will latch on to.Any update on Season 22?
Keoghan: We're good to go on Season 22. We're scouting and will be shooting at the end of the year. People always ask what makes this season different from past seasons. We don't change the format. We just change the faces and change the places, and you will get The Amazing Race. We're not reinventing the wheel. I think a show like Survivor — which is great — comes up with more twists because it's more needed. They change the faces, but what about the places? It's a pretty similar kind of location, so they need to change something in the format. A talent show, you're on the same soundstage every year. Our advantage is because we never go back to exactly the same place, so there will definitely be new locales in Season 22.The Amazing Race premieres Sunday at 8/7c on CBS.


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Here's a little puzzle to start your day with. The poem below looks like an old Latin inscription. But is it? Or does it say something else? Any guesses?
O Sibili, Si ergo
Fortibuses in ero
O Nobili, Themis trux
Cevats inem, Causen dux
Thanks to my Dad, John Sexton, for having showed me this as a kid.


text:
EventHandler<TEventArgs> Delegate
The .NET API Reference documentation has a new home. Visit the .NET API Browser on docs.microsoft.com to see the new experience.
Represents the method that will handle an event when the event provides data.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
[SerializableAttribute] public delegate void EventHandler<TEventArgs>( object sender, TEventArgs e )
- sender
The source of the event.
- e
An object that contains the event data.
Type Parameters
- TEventArgs
The type of the event data generated by the event.
The event model in the .NET Framework is based on having an event delegate that connects an event with its handler. To raise an event, two elements are needed:
A delegate that refers to a method that provides the response to the event.
Optionally, a class that holds the event data, if the event provides data.
The delegate is a type that defines a signature, that is, the return value type and parameter list types for a method. You can use the delegate type to declare a variable that can refer to any method with the same signature as the delegate.
The standard signature of an event handler delegate defines a method that does not return a value. This method's first parameter is of type Object and refers to the instance that raises the event. Its second parameter is derived from type EventArgs and holds the event data. If the event does not generate event data, the second parameter is simply the value of the EventArgs.Empty field. Otherwise, the second parameter is a type derived from EventArgs and supplies any fields or properties needed to hold the event data.
The EventHandler<TEventArgs> delegate is a predefined delegate that represents an event handler method for an event that generates data. The advantage of using EventHandler<TEventArgs> is that you do not need to code your own custom delegate if your event generates event data. You simply provide the type of the event data object as the generic parameter.
To associate the event with the method that will handle the event, add an instance of the delegate to the event. The event handler is called whenever the event occurs, unless you remove the delegate.
For more information about event handler delegates, see Handling and Raising Events.
The following example shows an event named ThresholdReached. The event is associated with an EventHandler<TEventArgs> delegate.
using System; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Counter c = new Counter(new Random().Next(10)); c.ThresholdReached += c_ThresholdReached; Console.WriteLine("press 'a' key to increase total"); while (Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar == 'a') { Console.WriteLine("adding one"); c.Add(1); } } static void c_ThresholdReached(object sender, ThresholdReachedEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("The threshold of {0} was reached at {1}.", e.Threshold, e.TimeReached); Environment.Exit(0); } } class Counter { private int threshold; private int total; public Counter(int passedThreshold) { threshold = passedThreshold; } public void Add(int x) { total += x; if (total >= threshold) { ThresholdReachedEventArgs args = new ThresholdReachedEventArgs(); args.Threshold = threshold; args.TimeReached = DateTime.Now; OnThresholdReached(args); } } protected virtual void OnThresholdReached(ThresholdReachedEventArgs e) { EventHandler<ThresholdReachedEventArgs> handler = ThresholdReached; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } public event EventHandler<ThresholdReachedEventArgs> ThresholdReached; } public class ThresholdReachedEventArgs : EventArgs { public int Threshold { get; set; } public DateTime TimeReached { get; set; } } }
Available since 8
.NET Framework
Available since 2.0
Portable Class Library
Supported in: portable .NET platforms
Available since 2.0
Windows Phone Silverlight
Available since 7.0
Windows Phone
Available since 8.1


text:
Le forum officiel PICAXE francophone animé par www.picaxe.fr (French Language PICAXE forum)
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
By Brian Ellsworth
CARACAS (Reuters) - Venezuela's acting president, Nicolas Maduro, has a commanding 14-percentage point lead over opposition candidate Henrique Capriles ahead of next month's election, according to the first major poll published since the death of Hugo Chavez.
Maduro would win 49.2 percent of the April 14 vote compared with 34.8 percent for Capriles, according to the survey by pollster Datanalisis that was cited on Monday in a research note by Barclays Bank.
It followed other polls showing a solid lead for the 50-year-old former bus driver who has vowed to continue Chavez's state-centered economic policies built on heavy regulations of business and generous social welfare programs.
"Considering the short campaign period, the sympathy effect in the wake of Chavez's death, restrictions on the media, and the demobilization of the opposition after two defeats last year, Maduro remains the favorite," Barclays said.
Capriles, the 40-year-old governor of Miranda state, lost to Chavez in the presidential election last October, and allied candidates swept 20 of the 23 governorships in state elections in December.
Chavez's death two weeks ago convulsed the country and triggered a new election in the South American OPEC nation.
The vote marks the first test of the "Chavismo" movement's ability to maintain the late leader's radical socialism after his death, and it will be crucial for regional allies that depend on Caracas for financing and cheap fuel.
The emotional outpouring of affection for Chavez following his March 5 death, along with ample use of government television broadcasts, has helped give Maduro a leg up in the race.
Millions of bereaved supporters have lined up before Chavez's remains to pay respects to a leader who was loved by many of the country's poor but reviled by adversaries who called him a fledgling dictator.
The youthful Capriles faces a delicate balancing act to highlight the flaws of Chavez's governance without appearing to be attacking him or seeking to tarnish his legacy.
He has exchanged furious barbs with Maduro since launching his candidacy and renewed his criticisms from last year's campaign over day-to-day problems such as unchecked crime, product shortages and high cost of living.
At a campaign rally on Monday, Capriles vowed to end shipments of subsidized oil to communist-run Cuba, slamming Maduro as a puppet of Havana.
"The giveaways to other countries are going to end. Not another drop of oil will go toward financing the government of the Castros," Capriles said, referring to Cuba's present and past leaders, Raul and Fidel Castro.
"Nicolas is the candidate of Raul Castro; I'm the candidate of the Venezuelan people," Capriles said during a speech to university students in the oil-rich state of Zulia.
A victory for Capriles would likely give global oil companies greater access to the world's largest crude reserves and offer investors more market-friendly policies after years of state-centered economics.
He said halting cheap oil sales to Cuba would free up resources to boost public employee salaries by 40 percent to make up for inflation that is one of the region's highest.
"Every day it's harder to find food, and every day food is more expensive," Capriles added. "This model is not viable."
Ties to Cuba are likely to remain a central part of the campaign. Capriles for months accused authorities of compromising the country's sovereignty by letting Chavez govern for two months from a Havana hospital.
Venezuela provides close to 100,000 barrels per day of oil to Cuba in exchange for a host of services including doctors that staff free health clinics in slums and rural areas.
Supporters say it has helped expand access to healthcare, while critics call it a mere subsidy to the Castro government.
Maduro's frequent visits to the island during Chavez's two-month convalescence there led opposition leaders to joke that he had picked up a Cuban accent.
In a televised campaign meeting, Maduro lashed out at Capriles, accusing him of failing to control violent crime in Miranda.
Maduro said he planned to stage campaign rallies from the Andean highlands to the sweltering plains where Chavez grew up.
"Three weeks before the election we can say that the people have the triumph in their hands, but we have to guarantee that triumph by working hard," Maduro said, describing himself and top party leaders as "apostles" of Chavez.
"The battle here is between the people of Chavez, the patriotic people, and the hateful minority, the oligarchy that looted this country."
(Editing by Andrew Cawthorne and Paul Simao)


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Program Bank ∙ Build a Prayer ∙ Dashboard ∙ BBYO International
BBYO Lake Ontario Region
4588 Bathurst Street #1-22Toronto, ON M2R 1W6
T. 416.398.2004 ∙ F. firstname.lastname@example.com
The Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA), BBYO's high school leadership program and fraternity for young men, and the B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG), AZA's sister program for young women, represent the largest pluralistic Jewish youth movement and are active in over 25 countries. For 90 years, AZA and BBG have helped shape the lives of its members - a network of more than 400,000 alumni, many of whom are leaders in the fields of business, politics, academia, the arts and Jewish communal life, and attribute much of their success to the experiences they had in BBYO.
When you think about how you want to define your high school years, consider the following: dances, Shabbat dinners and Jewish holidays, sports, community service opportunities, travel experiences, leadership skill-building sessions (where you're in charge!)... and so much more! As a member of AZA and BBG, you're a part of BBYO and are connected to a great group of friends and plenty of opportunities to explore your interests, build your resume and social calendar.
What's even better about AZA and BBG is that it's a completely customizable experience. Our renowned leadership offerings empower members to create and lead their own programs that reflect their interests.
We "get" the stress that comes with starting high school, getting into university and finding a place where you can be yourself, and BBYO offers a comfortable, inclusive environment where lifelong friendships are formed, leadership skills are developed and Jewish identity values are nurtured.
Regardless of the BBYO path you choose, you'll graduate high school with experiences that will set you apart on college applications, provide you with a network of Jewish friends and prepare you for the real world.
Make an invaluable investment in your teen's high school years:
Membership through high school graduation is only $149!
For a one-time payment, your teen can enjoy the BBYO benefits that last a lifetime.
Request More Information | Find a Form
© 2014 BBYO Ontario


text:
Top 10 Most Pinned Crafts
See what our Pinterest users love! Here is a roundup of our top 10 most pinnable crafts and art projects from the activities section of Education.com. Try them out, and share with your friends and family.
Don't forget to follow us on Pinterest!Download All (10)
Download All is only available to Education.com Pro members. Learn More
Click on an activity in the set below to see more info.
Make an Oil Sun CatcherView Full Activity
Make an eye catching sun catcher with your child that not only brightens any window but also builds his fine motor skills and creativity.
Make Homemade Hand Sanitizer!View Full Activity
Create your very own scented hand sanitizer that will help your child to keep those nasty germs at bay!
How to Grow an Avocado PlantView Full Activity
Learn how to grow an avocado plant indoors with your 1st grader in this hands-on gardening activity.
Practice Paint Sample StorytellingView Full Activity
In this cooler-than-average writing activity, your child uses paint chips and words to write a story!
Make Colorful Crystals from CoalView Full Activity
In this activity, your kid will watch coal turn into crystals right before her very eyes, and learn some science along the way!
Create an Ocean in a BottleView Full Activity
Kids are sure to be entranced by the magic of the ocean when they create their very own ocean in a bottle.
The set is continued below.
Oobleck Science: Solid or Liquid?View Full Activity
Is it solid or liquid? Create oobleck and witness the amazingly weird oscillation between the two!
Make Homemade FingerpaintView Full Activity
Why spend money on fingerpaint when you can make your own? With this recipe, you can stew up your kid's favorite colors right in your kitchen.
Balloon Air Pressure MagicView Full Activity
Get your sense of humor ready for this fun science experiment that demonstrates the fundamental physics of air pressure.
Magic Jar Alphabet GameView Full Activity
This homemade alphabet game will keep your kindergartener on his toes and help him practice letter, numbers, and taking turns. The whole family can participate!
Want to download this whole set as a single PDF?Download All (10)
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