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It started at 4am on June 22nd. J had been asleep since 2am, unable to keep up with me as I was a whirlwind of Getting Things Done, until a self-imposed bedtime of 3am. I had a lot of errands to run in just a few hours, and I'd need at least some sleep, right?
I wake up at 4am to try to go to the bathroom and, no shock to my logical mind, I'm in pain. I hobble to the on-suite and hobbled back, cursing the end of pregnancy and the way my body's strained with weight and promise. I go back to sleep.
At 5am I wake again, in pain even before I can even sit up. Argh, I think to myself, this really hurts, and I haven't even tried to move yet. Stupid pregnancy. Hurting all the time. Wait a minute, I think again, labor. This has to be labor.
Duh, I hear you saying.
But guys, I say back, it felt different than the other two labors. This one felt lower, more like extraordinary pressure rather than waves of contractions.
Wondering how far apart they were, and realizing that I hadn't downloaded a stop watch app yet to my phone, I laid in bed and found one to download. Of course I did. I didn't want to wake up J in case things settled down, so I decide to get in the shower.
You might remember that I didn't want to use drugs for this delivery. In an effort not to "wing it" this time, I borrowed my friend BreAnne's Hypnobabies book and CDs. Two nights before I'd started the Hypnobirthing book; I made it through the intro and most of the first chapter. Go me. Pretty sure I got the gist of it.
So there I was, in the shower, when the contractions started strengthening. Sorry, not contractions, "surges." Surges is what hypnobirthing folks call contractions; it's a "positive" word instead of a "negatively-associated" word. Well, they feel the same, is what I say. A rose by any other name is still a freaking contraction. I remembered the 5 pages I'd read and tried to breathe calmly through the "surges." I even went as far as to picture a damn ocean.
Breathing in and out. Tides. Quiet. Gray ocean day. It's working. Deserted beach. Phone with stopwatch outside of shower and I can't hit the button to lap the contraction because I'm dripping wet. Breathe. Doesn't matter. The surges are a minute apart, maybe less. Don't really have to bother with a stop watch at this point because there is no more "apart" there is only one long "surge" that doesn't stop. I can barely lift my leg to get out of the shower.
And in the last full sentences of that morning I'm able to say, "Use your key."
I fall to my knees on the bathroom floor and call the midwife. She insists on asking me a bunch of questions. Dammit. I can't answer these. I manage to stammer out a few answers. She tells me I'm doing a good job breathing through the contractions and she'll meet me at the hospital.
I call for J. "J," I say, from the floor of the bathroom.
"What," he mumbles from the bed. I have to wait to answer again until the surge passes for 15 seconds.
"J," I say.
"What?" Another long pause.
"J," I say.
"What do you WANT?" He says.
"BABY," I manage to get out.
"OH!" he says, and runs to the bathroom, "So, uh, what should I do?"
"Get. Dressed." I respond, grabbing whatever shirt is laying over the back of the chair to pull over my head.
I just have to put the things I use every day into my already packed bag: contact solution, contact case, makeup, face lotion, toothbrush. I am unable to move. I can't put those things into my bag because the space between the surges is so short I'm only able to grab one item and move it 6 inches before another surge hits. Not to mention, I am blind: I can't stop to put in my contacts and no one can find my glasses. I'm just reaching for whatever is in front of me.
"What do you need?" J asks.
"Pants," I reply.
"Which pants? Where?"
"Drawer. Pants. Brown."
He has to help me put them on because I can't: I can't make a full sentence, I can't put on pants, I can't put my things in my bag, I can't see. I have to hope that my glasses are in the bag because no one else in the house can find them even though I try to tell them to check the floor next to the bed (where they fall at night after I go to sleep.)
We leave the house at 6. My car is on empty. Why? Because Wednesday is errand day. I was going to Costco, to DI, to a million other places, including a stop to fill the tank. "Do I need to stop to get gas?" J asks.
At this point, reduced to monosyllabic responses, yet running a commentary in my head, I am getting angry at him. I don't want to answer him. I want to breathe through this CONTRACTION. I cannot be answering questions or making decisions.
I grit my teeth and answer, "Yes." We pull into the corner gas station.
"How much should I put in? Should I fill it?" he asks.
"Two. Gallons." I spit out.
"Where is your gas thing?" he asks.
"Door," is what I'm actually able to say.
I breathe and try to picture the ocean again. It's not working. I should have read more of that book. I don't have my glasses. I can't see. I keep my eyes closed so I don't have to look at the blurry world and because it seems to help. Also, I don't have to look at the guy who doesn't know where the release button is.
We take off down the road. The hospital is 20 minutes away in normal traffic. Thank goodness it's 6 in the morning, the light is pale and there aren't a lot of cars out. I'm half sitting, half lying, holding onto the door. When I have a break I try to reach the back seat, into the bag, to try to find my glasses. I never get any further than reaching the bag before I have to stop to deal with the contractions. I open an eye to peek and notice that J is driving really fast. Good.
"Should I take State Street or I-15?" He asks.
MAKE AN EXECUTIVE DECISION, I scream in my head, I CANNOT BELIEVE THIS. I AM GOING TO KILL HIM.
"I...15..." I manage to say.
He speeds, weaving through the sparse traffic, and asks me about the freeway exit.
"Right. Left. Straight." I say, hoping he can remember those directions as we barrel down the off-ramp.
"Run it, " I say when we get to the next light. He does.
"Hmm," he says, "Looks like the road is closed ahead."
"STRAIGHT," I demand through my clenched teeth.
We pull into the red lane in front of the hospital entrance at 6:15am. J runs inside to get a wheelchair. I try to get out of the car. I can't. I try to talk myself into moving. I can't. I take a deep breath, twist out of the car and into the wheelchair. "Bag," I say. I manage to grab my contacts case from the bag's side pocket and hold tight to it.
He pushes me to the elevator and we're going up to Labor and Delivery.
I notice that there are a lot of nurses around. A lot. "Did you want to go unmedicated?" asks one.
"YES," I say.
They wheel me into the triage room.
Only this time it's chaos; they are trying to convince me to get onto the bed. I won't. They keep insisting.
"I CAN'T" I say, before giving it all I have and crawling onto the bed on all fours. They try to talk me into turning around, lying down, and someone is trying to put the monitor on me.
"Honey," says one nurse, "You're having an unmedicated birth; I think you can manage to put on your contacts without a mirror." She's right, I realize, and while in the wheelchair, I undo my contact case and notice how my hands and fingers are shaking as I put in my contacts. It works. I can see--and I see the giant mirror they roll into the room. "What?" I say, "No, get that thing out of here. I just wanted a mirror to put in my contacts." The nurses are laughing. I stand up out of the wheelchair, and bend over slightly to put my palms on the bed, my feet planted on the floor.
There's a slightly scared looking male EMT in the corner who is observing the birth. One of the nurses explains, "This is an unmedicated birth. If you ever have to attend a birth in the field, this is probably what it will be like. See how she's standing? See how she's telling us what to do? All we do is listen to her and follow her instructions." Yes, I think to myself, yes.
One of the nurses is applying counter-pressure to my lower back, her palms facing outward while she pushes. It feels wonderful. She calls J over and shows her how to push on my back. He pushes lightly, at first.
"MORE," I say, until he pushes too hard, and I grunt for him to stop.
At that moment I realize something: if I push, this will all be over.
I don't have to do this any more. I can push and it will be over.
I push and it feels right and good and I want to push more. I want to push harder. I do, and my water breaks, all over J's shoes. I laugh inside, because I know he's panicking inside. This is his nightmare--he does not want to be viscerally involved. He'll want to throw away those shoes. "Get onto the bed!" the midwife and the nurses tell me.
"You have to get onto the bed!"
"Fine," I summon all my strength, climb onto the bed, and lie down. I push.
"STOP!" says the midwife, "She's crowning!"
I don't want to stop. I want to push. Screw this stopping stuff. It only feels right when I push.
"Stop!" says the midwife again, "Push a little then stop, take a breath, only push a little, good, good." I grudgingly listen to her, and when she says I can push, I do, and baby is out.
"I DID IT! I DID IT I DID IT!" I yell happily. The nurses are all laughing again, and I'm laughing with them.
"I DON'T HAVE TO BE PREGNANT ANYMORE!" I yell again. I am shaking a little but feel fantastic.
"You did great," J says.
"LOOK AT THAT VIEW!" I say, staring out the window, up the green mountain where the sun is shining over the highest peaks, "WOW, IT'S GORGEOUS!" And they hand me the baby,
who is even more gorgeous.


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Domain vs. Subdomain
When you get ready to set up a professional blog, one of the first decisions you will need to make is if you want to use a domain, subdomain, or a free option, such as blogger.com. I recommend treating a blog just like any other website, especially when it comes to the hosting. Some hosting companies allow you to host a multiple number …Read More
Advertising Your Website
Yup, I admit it, I am a bit biased, but I think that one of the very best ways you can advertise your website is through the V7N. First, without a doubt, your site needs to be in as many high quality directories as possible. The V7N Directory is the one directory that I personally recommend the most often. Instead of …Read More
Offline Marketing Techniques
Offline marketing is very similar to online marketing, either way, word of mouth is one of the best forms of advertising there is, but a huge part of that involves getting to know the people around you. Online, that might mean joining and actively participating in groups and forums. Offline that could be taking a sincere and active part …Read More
My Happy Crazy Life
It isn't often that I come across a blog that I am so impressed by that I find myself wanting to tell everyone I know about it, but My Happy Crazy Life is definitely one blog that I want to share with others. When I found this blog, authored by Amy Sue of the Zany Zebra, I absolutely could …Read More
Michael Kane Interview
Michael Kane, owner of InLip Designs, is one of my all time favorite designers. But he tends to be a bit private showing his work to the general public. So, one of the most common questions I have heard lately, is "who the heck is Michael Kane?" Now you know. The truth is, I literally drool over this man's work, …Read More
What Do You Need Help With?
Looking at the list of categories that are covered here on my Website Development Training blog, what topics would you most like to see more articles about? – Basic Blogging Tips – Basic Computer Tips – Google Techniques – Motivational Articles – Online Business Tips – Online Marketing Tips – Search Engine Articles …Read More
Shopping Carts vs. Stores
Do you know the difference between a store and a shopping cart? You don't?? Are you sure?? Haven't you ever been grocery shopping?? Here is what a shopping cart does: It lets you choose items to buy It lets you change your mind and put an item back on the shelf. It lets you take the items to checkout It …Read More
Make It Easy to Order Right Now!
Why is it that online business owners spend countless hours following every possible search engine optimization and marketing technique to get me to visit their website, and yet make it so difficult for me to actually make a purchase? Haven't they realized that if they don't make it easy to order right now, the odds are very good their visitors …Read More
Small Town Redneck Country Girl
There was a small town country girl who had a passion for making gifts and giving them to anyone who wanted them. She didn't do it for the attention. She handed out the gifts in a private area, outside of the public eye. She did not give the gifts to hear words of thanks or praise for what she was …Read More
Five Things About Cricket
Okay, bear with me for an odd ball post here … John Scott tagged me, so I am supposed to come up with five things that y'all don't know about me and post it here on my blog. I will find a way to pay you back for this someday John! Considering the fact that I have even told the …Read More
Shopping Carts and SEO
True shopping carts (those that are added to your already existing website) do not need to be SEO friendly. Other than the buy now or add to cart buttons, which lead to the actual payment page, they only come into effect once your customer decides to make a purchase. Unless a store is selling literally thousands of products, using your …Read More
Favorite Basic Computer Tips
As small business owners, none of us can afford to lose time dealing with computer issues. Arming ourselves with knowledge about our computers and operating systems can go a long way in preventing issues from happening to begin with. A great place to start learning the basics about your computer and operating system is to sit down and actually read …Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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1. Re: ADEPOttADEPPM Jun 20, 2011 10:41 AM (in response to Livecycle Architect)
Thanks for the post. Yes, we have made changes to the branding and packaging. We just announced the new release and the ADEP name publically today and are just starting to roll out the new brand. LiveCycle is now part of the Adobe Digitial Enterprise Platform. As an existing LiveCycle customer you can still purchase modules such as Output or buy more licenses for modules you already own. You will not be required to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars to ad functionality.
Let me know if you have more questions or want me to put you in touch with your account rep.
2. Re: ADEPLivecycle Architect Jun 20, 2011 12:30 PM (in response to OttADEPPM)
Thanks for the quick reply. If you look at the Livecycle page, it now has FAQ's about ADEP. One of the things it says is that you cannot purchase modules you did not previously own. You can only purchase additional licenses for modules you own. Otherwise, you need to upgrade to ADEP. With ADEP it is either Basic or Standard. It is a few hundred thousand dollars from what I was told online.
From a marketing point of view, LiveCycle was in the upper right quadrant of the Gartner report for BPM. That is a GOOD thing. With the rebranding, you lose that. Also, potential buyers don't like investing in a product line that is short-lived, requiring customers to go through major upgrades. You lose trust from your customers when that happens.
This is really a giant shame.
3. Re: ADEPOttADEPPM Jun 20, 2011 4:14 PM (in response to Livecycle Architect)
Hi again. I located the FAQ you mentioned. Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately) that information is incorrect.
You CAN purchase additional modules that you did not previously own. We are working on updating the FAQ information. My apologies for the misinformation. There are lots of i's to dot and t's with a big launch and I guess we missed one.
As for LiveCycle, BPM and the analyst community, we have worked extensively with the analysts to inform them about ADEP. LiveCycle Process Management will continue to be part of Document Services and the new platform. Major changes are not required to upgrade to the newest version and Gartner is well informed about how Document Services fits in with ADEP. We'll make sure our position in the MQ isn't lost.
I really appreciate your feedback and we'll get the FAQ updated shortly.
4. Re: ADEPLivecycle Architect Jun 21, 2011 6:21 AM (in response to OttADEPPM)
I see the FAQ's were updated but the whole thing is still very confusing. The channel partner that sells to us has no idea what the upgrade paths are either. Our sales rep has not called me back, although he has read the emails. I assume he doesn't know what is going on either. The FAQ's say that there are no plans to put LiveCycle on end-of-life status, but that intimates that the product(s) will not be updated with new releases. Why should any current LiveCycle customer not be panicked that they have bought into a dead product line?
The FAQ also says that the "Livecycle modules that support "Document Services" will continue to run in the same J2EE environment that we already support. Under the new platform, we are moving many existing LiveCycle capabilities to run in the new OSGi environment to provide enhanced capabilities."
Question 1: What is Document Services in ralationship to LC? It looks like it is part of Acrobat.com.
Question 2: We were looking forward to the possibilities of LiveCycle ES3, ES 3.5, ES4, etc. We would normally get those with support and maintenance. Now that you are abandoning LiveCycle, we will not get those upgrades unless we purchase a new product? Other BPM vendors do not do this. Am I incorrect in my interpretation of your FAQ's?
Thanks for your replies.
5. Re: ADEPOttADEPPM Jun 21, 2011 11:15 AM (in response to Livecycle Architect)1 person found this helpful
Ok, let me try to clear some things up with some clear statements.
LiveCycle services such as Forms, Output, Process Management etc. have become what we call Document Services in ADEP. They still extend the capabilities of a JEE application server. There are a number of enhancements to these Document Services. There are no significant architecture changes from ES2 and upgrade from previous LiveCycle versions is straight forward. LiveCycle (Document Services) provides a core set of capabilities within ADEP, and we will continue to support and enhance them. There will be new releases of LiveCycle/Document Services in the future and they will be available under maintenance and support.
Let me reiterate:
1. Document Services == LiveCycle services such as Forms, Output, Process Management, etc.
2. LiveCycle is not being abandoned, in fact it provides core capabilities within Adobe Digital Enterprise Platform.
3. There will be additional releases of Document Services (nee LiveCycle) that you will be entitled to under M&S. These services will ship as part of ADEP, but you can continue to use the services you have and buy other services if you require them.
Clearly we need to make some changes to the FAQ to explain this better. Sorry for the confusion.
Hope this helps.
6. Re: ADEPLivecycle Architect Jun 21, 2011 12:24 PM (in response to OttADEPPM)
Actually, this is very clear and I hope you guys can get the site updated. Maybe you should write the FAQs. I do appreciate the time you've taken to address this issue. I do love the LiveCycle suite of products and how easy they are to use and customize. You guys have done a great job with the tutorials and blogs, so hopefully this transition will become more clear very quickly.
Thanks and best of luck with all of this.
7. Re: ADEPOttADEPPM Jun 21, 2011 6:28 PM (in response to Livecycle Architect)
Glad I could help. The FAQ will be updated and the training of the Sales team and partners is underway and ongoing.
Thanks for you patience and for voicing your concerns.
8. Re: ADEPleesutton Jun 22, 2011 11:11 AM (in response to Livecycle Architect)
You will probably have noticed that the LiveCycle content has been restored to Adobe.com which should make finding the marketing-related content easy for you.
Now, if you would like a "non-marketing" description of what "ADEP" really is, take a look at Jayan's post from yesterday on the LiveCycle blog: http://blogs.adobe.com/livecycle/2011/06/adobe-retires-the-livecycle-brand-its-services-be come-part-of-broader-capability.html. It is really clear and concise.
Now, if you have any other questions, concerns, or anything for that matter. Call 1-800-866-8006 (Adobe main number) and find me in the directory. I will be more than happy to ensure you have a clear and concise picture. On the same note, IM me directly with your real email address (do not post it to the forum in a reply) and you can be nominated for the prerelease program for early exposure to new technology.
Lastly, if you would really like to get some hands-on with ADEP then I would suggest attending the Max pre-conference CEM session. We'll be covering ADEP in great detail.
Lee Sutton


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£ 229.00
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Chris Bragg
No longer works at Crain's New York Business.
- Title
- Reporter
- Covers
- Politics and government
Chris Bragg is a government and politics reporter for Crain's New York Business. He was previously the senior reporter at City & State and founded and edited the publication's blog, the Notebook. Before that, he covered Colorado politics. Bragg was named Writer of the Year for 2011 by the New York Press Association. He currently lives in South Slope, Brooklyn.


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Few Palestinians or Israelis were willing to put much trust in the cease-fire deal their leaders reached on Wednesday, saying they remembered all too well the failed cease-fires of years past.
Israel and Hamas agreed to end eight days of hostilities in a truce brokered by Egyptian officials, though both sides waited to the last moment before the pact was to go into effect to halt the violence. But skepticism abounded among residents of the Gaza Strip, which has been hit by hundreds of artillery shells and bombs in the past week, and among Israelis in southern Israel, who have been threatened for years by rockets fired by militants from Gaza.
"This is a pause, not a peace," said Ya'ara Menachem, a 41-year-old resident of the southern Israeli city of Sderot. "We don't believe in cease-fires anymore."
In Gaza City, Samer Mazar said he was holding off on moving his family back to their home near the border with Israel.
"I want to see if the cease-fire holds up first," he said. "We do not trust them when they say it is over. We have to see it first."
Many pointed to the last 24 hours, when both Israel and militants in Gaza stepped up the intensity of their attacks. Iranian-made Fajr-5 missiles were fired deep into Israel's densely populated center Tuesday night, hitting a building in Rishon LeZion.
Altogether, five Israelis died in the past week as Palestinian militants fired more than 1,000 rockets into central and southern Israel. On Wednesday, a bomber struck a bus across the street from Israel's military headquarters in the heart of Tel Aviv, leaving more than 15 wounded. Palestinian medics said that more than 140 Palestinian have been killed in the past week of Israeli attacks, 34 of them children.
"When so much blood has been shed, it's hard to imagine either side is forgiving and forgetting," Mazar said.
Near the Tel Aviv street where the bus had been bombed Wednesday afternoon, protesters held signs and began to chant "No to a cease-fire deal."
"They bomb us and agree to all go home quietly, how can this be?" asked Yasmin Kampach, a 24-year-old student. "We don't want to see a cease-fire deal. We want our country to eliminate the threat."
In the southern Israeli cities that have been the most frequent target of rocket fire from Gaza, protests were held Wednesday night against the cease-fire agreement.
"We didn't live under this rocket fire, which disrupted our lives and our children's lives, just to buy another couple years of quiet," said Chaim Levin, a resident of Sderot. "We wanted to see the (army) go into Gaza. I don't care, let the army do whatever it takes, just make sure there are no more rockets."
For days, Israel's military leaders had warned that it was preparing for a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip. More than 70,000 Israeli reservists were called up as tanks and artillery units lined the border with Gaza in preparation.
"Not launching the ground invasion was a mistake," said Moshe Yamin, a 67-year-old resident of Ashdod. "It makes it look like we were scared to take them on."
A snap poll on Israel's Channel Two news confirmed what many were saying. The poll found that 70 percent of the Israeli public did not support signing a cease-fire with Hamas, 24 percent were in favor and 6 percent were undecided.


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The Business Programs Division, the largest division of the Secretary of State's office, supports California Businesses by registering business entities and trademarks and enabling secured creditors to protect their financial interests. The Business Programs Division processes millions of business filings and information requests each year.
Get the latest information about changes affecting business conducted with the Business Programs Division.
Get the latest information about confirmed scams against Californians and businesses in the State of California, and what you can do if you have been a victim of a scam.
Digital signatures are not acceptable for business entity filings made with the California Secretary of State. The use of an electronic signature requires the agreement of both parties to allow the use of the electronic signature and must be on a document that requires a signature and that is filed electronically. At this time no business entity document that requires a signature and that is filed with the California Secretary of State can be filed electronically.
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The Secretary of State's office processes filings, maintains records and provides information to the public relating to business entities that include corporations, limited liability companies, limited partnerships, general partnerships, limited liability partnerships and other business filings.
The California Business Connect Project (CBC) will increase efficiencies and allow readily available access to Secretary of State Records.
The Secretary of State's office is the central filing office for certain Uniform Commercial Code financing statements and other lien documents including notices of judgment liens, attachment liens and federal and state tax liens. Filing with our office serves to perfect a security interest in named collateral and establish priority in case of debtor default or bankruptcy.
The Victims of Corporate Fraud Compensation Fund (VCFCF) provides limited restitution to victims of corporate fraud who have otherwise been unable to collect on their judgment for corporate fraud.
The Secretary of State's office maintains registration and all updates of California state trademarks and service marks, container brands, laundry marks and the names of farms, ranches, estate or villas.
The Secretary of State administers numerous other filings including immigration consultant and various business bonds, notices of joint powers, successor-in-interest, statement of facts – roster of public agencies, and athlete agents.


text:
VERNON, Conn. (AP) — Connecticut forward Tyler Olander pleaded guilty Monday to driving without a license in a deal that saw prosecutors drop other charges, including drunken driving.
The 6-foot-10 forward was suspended from the basketball team indefinitely after he was charged earlier this month with operating under the influence of drugs or alcohol, operating an unregistered motor vehicle, and driving without a license.
Olander, who has never had a driver's license, was fined $75 as part of a plea deal.
Outside of Rockville Superior Court, the senior apologized to UConn fans and his teammates.
"I hope they don't see these past images as a reflection of who I am, and they can see me as I'm a good kid who made some mistakes as everybody does," he said.
Olander was pulled over driving a friend's car just after 11 p.m. on Sept. 7 after a motorist reported he was making "several jerky steering maneuvers" near the UConn campus in Storrs, said prosecutor Cynthia Baer.
An officer on the scene arrested Olander after he failed a field sobriety test.
But Olander also took two breath tests and both showed his blood alcohol concentration was under the state's legal limit of .08, his attorney, Robert Britt, said.
"We're happy that the state viewed the science in the matter, because I believe that the science was on our side," Britt said.
This was the second criminal charge Olander has faced in the past six months.
The 21-year-old, who grew up near the campus in Mansfield, Conn., was barred from team activities for a month earlier last season after being charged with trespassing in Panama City, Fla., while on spring break on March 21.
He agreed to a fine and community service in that case.
Olander said he is concentrating now on staying in shape, trying to regain the faith of coach Kevin Ollie and being reinstated to the team.
"That is my goal," he said. "God willing, I'll be back. But, that it really out of my hands."
Olander averaged just over four points and just under four rebounds per game last season, and was expected to be a major contributor for the Huskies in the front court.
The team begins practice on Friday. UConn spokesman Phil Chardis said there was no immediate change in Olander's status with the program as a result of Monday's court proceedings.


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PCV Susan Roberston died on June 2, 1967 in Washington, D.C. from head injuries sustained in an auto accident in Venezuela on May 14, 1967. She was one of three physical therapists in a group of mostly physical education teachers (Directed Recreation, University of Arizona 1966-68).
If you are a friend or family member of this volunteer and would like to contribute a picture, a story, or something different, please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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One Response to Susan Robertson*
I was looking through this website and came accross this section and in a flash-back to my Washington, DC days as a member of the Foundary United Methodist Church Washington, DC members of my Young Adult ministry group were distress about the loss of Susan as they knew her and worked with her through the Peace Corps, and medical profession.
It wss the additional challenges of the emerging conflict of Vietnam in which workers at the Peace Corps at Washington, DC took every loss ever more serious, as the dedication and applications to Paace
Corps likewise was increasing as well. Susan worked very hard, and acording to my present memories stories about her waking up at 2 and 3 am and going over the previus days notes denoted her dedication and care she took to serve her fellow human beings.


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Teaching the Personal Financial Literacy expectations embedded within the Colorado Academic Standards is supported through a wide array of free instructional resources. This webpage lists just a few of these resources and will be updated regularly. If you are an educator in Colorado and have suggestions for a great free resource please email Stephanie Hartman. For additional opportunities please check Professional Development.
The resources provided on this website are intended to provide a quick access list for educators to use in a way that supports their instructional planning. Provided resources should be previewed and used with teacher discretion. Because this page contains resources outside of the CDE website, CDE cannot control changes in outside content and listing these resources does not indicate an endorsement by the Colorado Department of Education.
Colorado Council for Economic Education (CCEE)
CCEE is a 40 year old Colorado non-profit whose mission is to train teachers how better to teach economics and financial literacy. Find open enrollment professional development classes, customized trainings with school districts, teaching resources. In addition, CCEE offers The Stock Market Experience an online, investment simulation which aligns with the Colorado academic standards in math, economics, personal financial literacy, and 21st century skills.
EverFi provides courses using the latest in online technologies – video, animations, 3D gaming, avatars, and social networking – to bring complex financial concepts to life for today's digital generation in two courses. EverFi™ Financial Literacy for 9-12 grade students is fully assessed, meets all Colorado Financial Literacy Standards for high school, and contains 10 modules covering a range of topics including credit scores, budgeting, insurance, credit cards and more. Vault Understanding Money is a 4-6 grade course that teaches critical foundational concepts in financial literacy. EverFi has teamed with major corporations and foundations to provide this cutting-edge course at no cost to all Colorado schools.
The Federal Reserve education site provides numerous resources for teaching about financial literacy, economics, and banking. All resources and lesson plans are free. Additionally, many of the Federal Reserve Banks have their own education sites with free educational resources:
- Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
- Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
- Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York
- Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
- Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
A CNN article and lesson plans entitled "Money 101." Geared towards teaching students fiscal responsibility. There are over 20 free lessons on everything from making a budget to the basics of investing.
A new multifaceted, comprehensive economic and financial literacy program for grades K-12. Throughout this web site you'll find valuable information about the different components of the program and how teachers, parents, and students can put the materials to use.
Foundation for Teaching Economics
FTE programs introduce young individuals, selected for their leadership potential, to an economic way of thinking about national and international issues, and promote excellence in economic education by helping teachers of economics become more effective educators. The Foundation for Teaching Economics is pleased to make available to teachers the content outlines, classroom activities, and teacher materials (demonstration videos and lecture presentations) for all of our residential, one-day, and online curricula.
(JA) K-12 programs focus on financial literacy, entrepreneurship and workforce development. These programs, delivered by volunteers, complement what is being taught in the classroom every day and meet the new Colorado Academic Standards. Through JA, educators are able to access a network of 5,000 knowledgeable adult role-models who volunteer to bring JA's hands-on programs to life and bridge the gap between what students learn in the classroom and the real world. JA programs are free to schools.
Mathematics & Economics: Connections For Life
Mathematics and economics naturally complement each other. In today's era of interdisciplinary studies, this new curriculum- created especially for mathematics teachers-hits the educational target by showing how mathematics processes and concepts can be used to develop economics and personal financial knowledge. Mathematics teachers do not need to have a background in economics in order to implement the curriculum.
At McREL, they believe that meeting the needs of America's educators and their students is paramount. Their staff of highly respected educators and researchers focuses on providing the highest quality, field-tested, research-based products and services available in PreK-16 education today. McREL offers free lessons on personal financial literacy.
MoneyGeek has created as educational tools to help consumers make smarter financial decisions. Among numerous additional free resources, their resources include: The Ultimate Guide to Student Loan Consolidation & Refinancing; Student Loan - Forgiveness & Cancellation; Student Credit Cards - The Best Cards and How to Handle Them Responsibly; and A Financial Literacy Handbook for All Life Stages.
National Council on Economic Education (NCEE)
Their mission is clear, and they know that their methods and materials are effective in implementing it. Growing interest in the economy and in financial markets, in elementary and secondary education, in international education, and in educational standards, plays to NCEE's proven expertise and strengths. No other organization is in a better position to accomplish more in economic and financial education for the future. They are redoubling their efforts to reach America's teachers - because investing in teachers has proven to be the most effective way to get into the heads and hands of the nation's young people.
National Endowment for Financial Education
The National Endowment for Financial Education® (NEFE®) is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) foundation dedicated to helping all Americans acquire the information and gain the skills necessary to take control of their personal finances. NEFE's flagship program has promoted financial literacy to teachers and students for more than 25 years by providing an award-winning, evaluated, noncommercial financial education curriculum—complete with free classroom materials and lesson plans.
National Financial Educators Council
The NFEC provides financial education solutions to individuals, schools, businesses, families, government and non profit organizations around the globe to improve financial literacy. The NFEC offers comprehensive financial education services including: funding, promotion, education, measurement and programs for individuals
NGPF offers middle and high school teachers, free, ready to implement and engaging lessons, activities and other resources to teach the basics of personal finance including saving, investing, checking accounts, budgeting, paying for college, careers, insurance and taxes. We spend thousands of hours curating free, high quality resources (videos, articles, simulations) from over 500 sources on the internet so you don't have to! Save time and join the thousands of teachers who go to the NGPF website as their "one-stop shop" for the curricular and professional development needs.
Operation HOPE is a national non-profit that aims to empower individuals and elevate their dignity, hope, and economic self-sufficiency. Banking on Our Future is Operation HOPE's award-winning financial literacy program geared toward students in grades 4-12. Teaching materials and guest instructors are available at no-cost to schools. Topics covered include: 1) the basics of banking and budgeting; 2) checking and savings accounts 3) the power of credit; and 4) basic investments.
A listing of numerous resources geared towards assisting teenagers in understanding and managing credit, tips and strategies for exercising financial independence, and for managing money.
Young Americans Center for Financial Education
As experts in financial education, the Young Americans Center for Financial Education is committed to developing the financial literacy of young people through real-life experiences and hands-on programs purposefully designed to enable them to prosper in our free enterprise system.
For website assistance in PFL, please contact Stephanie Hartman.


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Well Done Michelle: Michelle Obama Ignites Crowd At the 2012 DNC!
According to CNN, 'If Barack Obama is re-elected on November 6, he will owe more to his first lady than any president ever to win a second term.' Michelle's constant use of the word love, paired with her personal stories helped connect the First Family to the lives of millions of American's looking for hope and in return, could help them win the election.Michelle Obama commanded the spotlight at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, N.C. on Tuesday night. "I hope they watch [my speech] at home," Michelle Obama told Entertainment Tonight in an interview on Monday. "But if there's homework, I'm not going to get too upset about that." Tuesday marks Malia Obama's first day of high school, according to ET.
"Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys. Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma's house and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn't stay awake for both. And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls and I deeply loved the man I had built that life with and I didn't want that to change if he became president. I loved Barack just the way he was."Has Life in The White House Changed Them? :
"So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago."The Change on Student Loans and Health Care:
"Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn't change who you are. No, it reveals who you are." "For Barack, success isn't about how much money you make, it's about the differences you make in people's lives."
When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president. He didn't care whether it was the easy thing to do politically – that's not how he was raised – he cared that it was the right thing to do.On Her Love for Her Husband:
He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine . our kids should be able to see a doctor when they're sick . and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness. And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care . that's what my husband stands for.
When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could've attended college without financial aid. And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage. We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.
That's why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.
I didn't think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago. Even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met. I love that he's never forgotten how he started. I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he's going to do, even when it's hard – especially when it's hard.To check out the full footage of the moving and powerful speech made by Mama Obama, "CLICK HERE!"


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Control the speed of traffic on streets, in parking lots, or roads on your property.
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Choose between different styles to keep drivers informed of street names.
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Signs that identify road hazards, prohibited movements and more.
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Our selection of yellow traffic signs to warn you of road changes and hazards.
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The Food Guide is interested in good food, and we know our readers are too. Please send us your favorite original recipe. If we test it and print it in this column, it will win you $20. Recipes submitted become the property of the Chicago Tribune.
Just send your recipe along with your name, Social Security number, address and daytime telephone number to Recipe Editor, 4th Floor, Chicago Tribune, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611.


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Yemen is a Middle Eastern country that is situated in the southernmost tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Because of its location, it is very important to shipping nations. The border is on the water passage that links the Indian Ocean with the Red Sea. When trying to compare the size of Yemen to something more familiar, it can be said that it is just a little smaller than the state of Texas in the U.S.
The country is one of the poorest nations of the Arab world and has over 21.6 million inhabitants throughout the country. The term 'Yemen' is derived from the Latin word "Happy Arabia". Latin was the language of the Roman Empire, which is part of the country's history.
The predominant religion of Yemen is Islam, making up approximately 99% of the entire country. The country is therefore filled with Muslim traditions, including the modesty rule for women, though in the heavily populated areas, it is not uncommon to see men and women in more western attire.
There are religious holidays throughout Yemen, which can slow down the entire country. Tourists traveling during these holidays must be respectful, regardless of religion to avoid problems. Ramadan is the most important of the holidays as it lasts for an entire month.
Yemen has a variety of different climates as a result of the different landscapes throughout the country. The coastlines can experience rainfall and cool winds while the eastern side is covered in deserts and receives less than two inches of rain each year.
The Yemenis have had to go through war, poverty and various political changes and so they have learned to adapt. Most locals are very generous despite their lack of wealth. The average annual income is less than $1,000 US, which is why very few Yemenis travel past their own country's borders. The pace of Yemen life can vary. While it is a little faster paced in the larger cities, some of the smaller villages have a very slow and relaxed way of life.
Yemen values many different things throughout the country including poetry, sports and some traditional dancing. These are what brings tourists into the country and what helps to entertain the Yemenis on a daily basis. Camel racing is a very traditional sport held in the desert areas of Yemen and soccer is one of the most popular sports to see throughout all of Yemen.
The Yemen flag consists of three horizontal stripes of equal proportion. Red is on the top and symbolizes the bloodshed during the battles of independence throughout Yemen. The white in the middle stands for the hope of the future and the black at the bottom is for the troubled history that the nation has had to endure.


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At the core of our approach to sustainability is a recognition that our future success depends on our ability to provide safe, secure and sustainable products to consumers, as well as a commitment to being socially responsible in the way that we operate across the value chain.
At Tetra Pak, our approach to sustainability is shaped by our brand promise: PROTECTS WHAT'S GOOD™. We bring this promise to life by committing to protect food, to protect people and to protect futures.
We believe that good corporate governance is the bedrock of a sustainable and commercially successful business; it is the basis of our brand promise: PROTECTS WHAT'S GOOD™, and is at the heart of all stakeholder relationships.
We are committed to supporting and working to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals that strive to eliminate poverty, improve education and health outcomes, create better jobs and tackle key environmental challenges by 2030.
In 2016, we conducted extensive research into the challenges and expectations of our stakeholders, within the context of societal and environmental megatrends.
Our stakeholders are those who are affected by or affect our business. We actively engage with these groups to find better ways to reduce our impact and make our business more competitive and sustainable.
Do you want more information about sustainability?
About Tetra Pak
Together with our customers we make food safe and available, everywhere. Since the start in 1951 we have taken pride in providing the best possible processing and packaging solutions for food.
Tetra Pak is one of three companies in the Tetra Laval Group – a private group that started in Sweden. The other two companies are DeLaval and Sidel. Tetra Laval is headquartered in Switzerland.


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"It could have been worse" may well be the mantra of farmers in the lower Southeast for 2004, as most areas are reporting fair to good yields despite a succession of tropical storms in August and September. Alabama growers are even expecting record-high yields for their corn and soybean crops.
With more than half of Alabama's 2004 cotton crop harvested, producers were expecting production of 810,000 bales with a yield of 727 pounds of lint per acre harvested from 535,000 acres. Cotton yields in the state are better than initially expected in southwest Alabama, where damage occurred from tropical storms. The state's 10-year average cotton yield is 607 pounds per acre.
Alabama's corn harvest was winding down in mid-November, with prospects for a record-yielding crop of 123 bushels per acre. This compares with the previous record of 122 bushels per acre from the 2003 crop and the 10-year average yield of 88 bushels. Production harvested from 210,000 acres is expected to total 25.8 million bushels.
Alabama soybean producers also are expecting a record yield, pegged at 37 bushels per acre or one bushel more than last year. Production is forecast at 7.2 million bushels from 195,000 acre.
Alabama's peanut crop is expected to yield 2,800 pounds per acre in 2004, up 100 pounds from earlier forecasts but still below the record yield of 2,960 pounds set in 1984. Area for harvest this year is expected to total 195,000 acres with production of 546 million pounds. Rain, fog and cooler temperatures have prolonged the harvest season for peanuts and other crops.
Georgia farmers saw below-normal rainfall and above- to near-normal temperatures during the fall, providing excellent harvest conditions.
Georgia's cotton production for 2004 is expected to total 1.8 million bales. This is 50,000 bales above earlier projections but 310,000 bales below the 2003 production. Harvesting conditions have been good during the fall except for a few short delays due to showers. Acreage for harvest, at 1,260,000 acres, remains unchanged from earlier estimates. This yield calculates to 686 pounds per harvested acre. By the end of the first week of November, about seventy percent of the crop had been harvested.
Peanut production for Georgia is forecast at 1.83 billion pounds, the same as earlier forecasts but 2 percent less than in 2003. Yield per harvested acre is forecast at 3,000 pounds or 450 pounds less than last year.
Peanut disease problems became more severe during the latter part of the season due to excessive rainfall brought on by tropical storms. By the end of October, the majority of the crop had been harvested and overall harvesting conditions were good.
Georgia's corn yield for 2004 is expected to average 130 bushels per harvested acre, putting this year's crop at one bushel per acre more than in 2003. If this yield is realized, it will be the second highest on record, behind the 134 bushels per acre set in 2001.
June rains and irrigation provided growers with an excellent crop. Corn production is expected to total 36.4 million bushels from 280,000 acres harvested for grain. Production of this size would be 1 percent less than last year. Harvest was virtually complete by the end of October.
Soybean production is expected to total 7.80 million bushels in Georgia for 2004. This is 31 percent more than in 2003. Acreage expected for harvest is at 260,000 acres or 80,000 acres more than in 2003.
Soybean yields are expected to average 30 bushels per acre or three bushels per acre less than last year's record yield of 33 bushels per acre. By the end of the first week of November, about 40 percent of the crop had been harvested.
In Florida, tropical systems continued to damage field crops throughout September but drier conditions had prevailed by early October.
At about mid-September, Hurricane Ivan spun off tornadoes in the Panhandle, dumping torrential rainfall. Some outer bands of rain from Ivan fell in scattered areas of the Peninsula. Intense winds tossed crops, and heavy rains flooded fields in areas affected by the storm.
Some fields were saturated with water from Hurricane Frances which swept through the state one week prior to the arrival of Ivan. The continuous precipitation caused soggy soils which prevented producers from putting heavy equipment in the fields. Therefore, peanut digging slowed in the Panhandle.
The storm also delayed hay making and corn harvesting. Jefferson County lost a large amount of the remaining pecan crop with broken limbs and uprooted trees.
Most topsoil and subsoil moisture supplies were rated at surplus in the Panhandle and adequate to surplus over the Peninsula. Remnants of Hurricane Ivan crossed over the southern Peninsula after mid-September, and Hurricane Jeanne entered the east coast of Florida on Sept. 26.
Drier weather in the Panhandle aided the recovery of cotton losses from Hurricane Ivan. However, in other areas, muddy fields slowed cotton defoliation. Producers were able to dig peanuts during the drier weather with harvest nearly one-third done by late September. Some soybeans were lost in the Panhandle and northern Peninsula. Drier conditions over most of the Peninsula and Panhandle allowed field work to progress rapidly in early October with only minimal scattered showers in some areas.
Growers were able to speed up peanut digging after the storms had passed. Hay quality diminished while producers continued to bale as fields dried out. and some corn acreage was lost in Washington County.
Peanut production in Florida for 2004 is expected to total 299,000,000 pounds versus 345,000,000 pounds in 2003. Harvested acreage is projected at 130,000 acres, 13 percent above the previous year.
The current yield is 2,300 pounds per acre opposed to 3,100 pounds per acre in August and 3,000 pounds last year.
Florida's 2004 tobacco yield averaged 2,500 pounds per acre, the same as the 2003 yield. Production is set at 10,000,000 pounds compared with 11,000,000 pounds produced last year. Growers harvested 4,000 acres, down 400 acres from the 4,400 acres pulled in 2003.
Expected pecan production for all varieties in 2004 is set at 500,000 pounds, down 1,600,000 pounds from the 2,100,000 pounds produced last year. Production of improved varieties is estimated at 200,000 pounds which declined by 300,000 pounds from 2003. Production of native and seedling varieties is forecast at 300,000 pounds, down by 1,300,000 pounds from last year's 1,600,000 pounds.
e-mail: [email protected]


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AP source: Afghanistan killer a Fort Lewis, Wash., soldier assigned to spec ops base
WASHINGTON (AP) ' A U.S. official says the American who killed 16 Afghan villagers Sunday is a soldier from Washington who was assigned to a remote special operations site.
U.S. officials say the soldier acted alone, leaving his base in southern Afghanistan and opening fire on sleeping families in two villages.
The official says he is a conventional soldier from Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington. He was assigned to support a special operations unit of either Green Berets or Navy SEALs engaged in a village stability operation.
Such operations are among NATO's best hopes for transitioning out of Afghanistan. They pair special operations troops with local villagers chosen by village elders to become essentially a sanctioned, armed neighborhood watch.
The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation is still ongoing.


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CHICAGO (AP) -- A group of clergy members is pushing to legalize same-sex marriage in Illinois.More than 200 pastors and rabbis released an open letter Sunday calling for legislators to approve legislation allowing gay marriage. They say it's a matter of equality, conscience and justice. The group plans to send the letter to lawmakers.State Rep. Greg Harris and state Sen. Heather Steans say they'll call for a vote on the gay marriage bill when lawmakers gather in January. The legislation would offer same-sex couples marriage rights now only available to heterosexual couples.
The Chicago Democrats say public opinion favoring equal rights for same-sex partners is moving rapidly. Four states voted in favor of the issue or opposed a ban on it last month.


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|MLA Citation:
|Bloomfield, Louis A. "How Everything Works Home Page" How Everything Works 18 Aug 2018. 18 Aug 2018 <http://www.howeverythingworks.org/prints.php?topic=all&page=0>.
Falling rocks can be dangerous and, the farther they fall, the more dangerous they become. Falling raindrops, snowflakes, and leaves, however, are harmless no matter how far they fall. The distinction between those two possibilities has nothing to do with gravity, which causes all falling objects to accelerate downward at the same rate. The difference is entirely due to air resistance.
Air resistancetechnically known as dragis the downwind force an object experiences as air moves passed it. Whenever an object moves through the air, the two invariably push on one another and they exchange momentum. The object acts to drag the air along with it and the air acts to drag the object along with it, action and reaction. Those two aerodynamic forces affect the motions of the object and air, and are what distinguish falling snowflakes from falling rocks.
Two types of drag force affect falling objects: viscous drag and pressure drag. Viscous drag is the friction-like effect of having the air rub across the surface of the object. Though important to smoke and dust particles in the air, viscous drag is too weak to affect larger objects significantly.
In contrast, pressure drag is strongly affects most large objects moving through the air. It occurs when airflow traveling around the object breaks away from the object's surface before reaching the back of the object. That separated airflow leaves a turbulent wake behind the objecta pocket of air that the object is effectively dragging along with it. The wider this turbulent wake, the more air the object is dragging and the more severe the pressure drag force.
The airflow separation occurs as the airflow is attempting to travel from the sides of the object to the back of the object. At the sides, the pressure in the airflow is especially low due as it bends to arc around the sides. Bernoulli's equation is frequently invoked to help explain the low air pressure near the sides of the object. As this low-pressure air continues toward the back of the object, where the pressure is much greater, the airflow is moving into rising pressure and is pushed backward. It is decelerating.
Because of inertia, the airflow could be expected to reach the back of the object anyway. However, the air nearest the object's surfaceboundary layer airrubs on that surface and slows down. This boundary layer doesn't quite make it to the back of the object. Instead, it stops moving and consequently forms a wedge that shaves much of the airflow off of the back of the object. A turbulent wake forms and the object begins to drag that wake along with it. The airflow and object are then pushing on one another with the forces of pressure drag.
Those pressure drag forces depend on the amount of air in the wake and the speed at which the object is dragging the wake through the passing air. In general, the drag force on the object is proportional to the cross sectional area of its wake and the square of its speed through the air. The broader its wake and the faster it moves, the bigger the drag force it experiences.
We're ready to drop the penny. When we first release it at the top of the Empire State Building, it begins to accelerate downward at 9.8 meters-per-second2the acceleration due to gravityand starts to move downward. If no other force appeared, the penny would move according to the equations of motion for constant downward acceleration, taught in most introductory physics classes. It would continue to accelerate downward at 9.8 meters-per-second2, meaning that its downward velocity would increase steadily until the moment it hit sidewalk. At that point, it would be traveling downward at approximately 209 mph (336 km/h) and it would do some damage to the sidewalk.
That analysis, however, ignores pressure drag. Once the penny is moving downward through the air, it experiences an upward pressure drag force that affects its motion. Instead of accelerating downward in response to its weight alone, the penny now accelerates in response to the sum of two force: its downward weight and the upward drag force. The faster the penny descends through the air, the stronger the drag force becomes and the more that upward force cancels the penny's downward weight. At a certain downward velocity, the upward drag force on the penny exactly cancels the penny's weight and the penny no longer accelerates. Instead, it descends steadily at a constant velocity, its terminal velocity, no matter how much farther drops.
The penny's terminal velocity depends primarily on two things: its weight and the cross sectional area of its wake. A heavy object that leaves a narrow wake will have a large terminal velocity, while a light object that leaves a broad wake will have a small terminal velocity. Big rocks are in the first category; raindrops, snowflakes, and leaves are in the second. Where does a penny belong?
It turns out that a penny is more like a leaf than a rock. The penny tumbles as it falls and produces a broad turbulent wake. For its weight, it drags an awful lot of air behind it. As a result, it reaches terminal velocity at only about 25 mph (40 km/h). To prove that, I studied pennies fluttering about in a small vertical wind tunnel.
Whether the penny descends through stationary air or the penny hovers in rising air, the physics is the same. Of course, it's much more convenient in the laboratory to observe the hovering penny interacting with rising air. Using a fan and plastic pipe, I created a rising stream of air and inserted a penny into that airflow.
At low air speeds, the penny experiences too little upward drag force to cancel its weight. The penny therefore accelerated downward and dropped to the bottom of the wind tunnel. At high air speeds, the penny experienced such a strong upward drag force that it blew out of the wind tunnel. When the air speed was just right, the penny hovered in the wind tunnel. The air speed was then approximately 25 mph (40 km/h). That is the terminal velocity of a penny.
The penny tumbles in the rising air. It is aerodynamically unstable, meaning that it cannot maintain a fixed orientation in the passing airstream. Because the aerodynamic forces act mostly on the upstream side of the penny, they tend to twist that side of the penny downstream. Whichever side of the penny is upstream at one moment soon becomes the downstream side, and the penny tumbles. As a result of this tumbling, the penny disturbs a wide swath of air and leaves a broad turbulent wake. It experiences severe pressure drag and has a low terminal velocity.
The penny is an example of an aerodynamically blunt objectone in which the low-pressure air arcing around its sides runs into the rapidly increasing pressure behind it and separates catastrophically to form a vast wake. The opposite possibility is an aerodynamically streamlined objectone in which the increasing pressure beyond the object's sides is so gradual that the airflow never separates and no turbulent wake forms. A penny isn't streamlined, but a ballpoint pen could be.
Almost any ballpoint pen is less blunt than a penny and some pens are approximately streamlined. Moreover, pens weigh more than pennies and that fact alone favors a higher terminal velocity. With a larger downward force (weight) and a smaller upward force (drag), the pen accelerates to a much greater terminal velocity than the penny. If it is so streamlined that it leaves virtually no wake, like the aerofoil shapes typical of airplane components, it will have an extraordinarily large terminal velocityperhaps several hundred miles per hour.
Some pens tumble, however, and that spoils their ability to slice through the air. To avoid tumbling, a pen must "weathervane"it must experience most of its aerodynamic forces on its downstream side, behind its center of mass. Arrows and small rockets have fletching or fins to ensure that they travel point first through the air. A ballpoint pen can achieve that same point-first flight if its shape and center of mass are properly arranged.
Almost any ballpoint pen dropped into my wind tunnel plummeted to the bottom. I was unable to make the air rise fast enough to observe hovering behavior in those pens. Whether they would tend to tumble in the open air was difficult to determine because of the tunnel's narrowness. Nonetheless, it's clear that a heavy, streamlined, and properly weighted pen dropped from the Empire State Building would still be accelerating downward when it reached the sidewalk. Its speed would be close to 209 mph at that point and it would indeed damage the sidewalk.
As a final test of the penny's low terminal velocity, I built a radio-controlled penny dropper and floated it several hundred feet in the air with a helium-filled weather balloon. On command, the dropper released penny after penny and I tried to catch them as they fluttered to the ground. Alas, I never managed to catch one properly in my hands. It was a somewhat windy day and the ground at the local park was uneven, but that's hardly an excuseI'm simply not good at catching things in my hands. Several of the pennies did bounce off my hands and one even bounced off my head. It was fun and I was more in danger of twisting my ankle than of getting pierced by a penny. The pennies descended so slowly that they didn't hurt at all. Tourist below the Empire State Building have nothing fear from falling pennies. Watch out, however, for some of the more streamlined objects that might make that descent.
The radiated power from all of these wireless communications devices is so small that we have yet to find mechanisms whereby they could cause significant or lasting injury to human tissue. If there is any such mechanism, the effects are so weak that the risk associated with it are dwarfed by much more significant risks of wireless communication: the damage to traditional community, the decline of ordinary human interaction, and the surge in distracted driving.
The uranium atom has the largest naturally occurring nucleus in nature. It contains 92 protons, each of which is positively charged, and those 92 like charges repel one another ferociously. Although the nuclear force acts to bind protons together when they touch, the repulsion of 92 protons alone would be too much for the nuclear forcethe protons would fly apart in almost no time.
To dilute the electrostatic repulsion of those protons, each uranium nucleus contains a large number of uncharged neutrons. Like protons, neutrons experience the attractive nuclear force. But unlike protons, neutrons don't experience the repulsive electrostatic force. Two neutron-rich combinations of protons and neutrons form extremely long-lived uranium nuclei: uranium-235 (92 protons, 143 neutrons) and uranium-238 (92 protons, 146 neutrons). Each uranium nucleus attracts an entourage of 92 electrons to form a stable atom and, since the electrons are responsible for the chemistry of an atom, uranium-235 and uranium-238 are chemically indistinguishable.
When the thermal fission reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi plant were in operation, fission chain reactions were shattering the uranium-235 nuclei into fragments. Uranium-238 is more difficult to shatter and doesn't participate much in the reactor's operation. On occasion, however, a uranium-238 nucleus captures a neutron in the reactor and transforms sequentially into neptunium-239 and then plutonium-239. The presence of plutonium-239 in the used fuel rods is one of the problems following the accident.
The main problem, however, is that the shattered fission fragment nuclei in the used reactor fuel are overly neutron-rich, a feature inherited from the neutron-rich uranium-235 nuclei themselves. Midsize nuclei, such as iodine (with 53 protons), cesium (with 55 protons), and strontium (with 38 protons), don't need as many neutrons to dilute out the repulsions between their protons. While fission of uranium-235 can produce daughter nuclei with 53 protons, 55 protons, or 38 protons, those fission-fragment versions of iodine, cesium, and strontium nuclei have too many neutrons and are therefore unstablethey undergo radioactive decay. Their eventual decay has nothing to do with chain reactions and it cannot be prevented.
How quickly these radioactive fission fragment nuclei decay depends on exactly how many protons and neutrons they have. Three of the most common and dangerous nuclei present in the used fuel rods are iodine-131 (8 days half-life), cesium-137 (30 year half-life), and strontium-90 (29 year half-life). Plutonium-239 (24,200 year half-life) is also present in those rods. When these radioactive nuclei are absorbed into the body and then undergo spontaneous radioactive decay, they damage molecules and therefore pose a cancer risk. Our bodies can't distinguish the radioactive versions of these chemical elements from the nonradioactive ones, so all we can do to minimize our risk is to avoid exposure to them or to encourage our bodies to excrete them by saturating our bodies with stable versions.
What will really happen is a field emission discharge. The repulsion between like charges will eventually become so strong that those charges will push one another out of the metal and into the vacuum, so that charges will begin to stream outward from the metal sphere.
Another way to describe that growing repulsion between like charges involves fields. An electric charge is surrounded by a structure in space known as an electric field. An electric field exerts forces on electric charges, so one electric charge pushes on other electric charges by way of its electric field.
As more and more like charges accumulate on the sphere, their electric fields overlap and add so that the overall electric field around the sphere becomes stronger and stronger. The charges on the sphere feel that electric field, but they are bound to the metal sphere by chemical forces and it takes energy to pluck one of them away from the metal.
Eventually, the electric field becomes so strong that it can provide the energy needed to detach a charge from the metal surface. The work done by the field as it pushes the charge away from sphere supplies the necessary energy and the charge leaves the sphere and heads out into the vacuum. The actually detachment process involves a quantum physics phenomenon known as tunneling, but that's another story.
The amount of charge the sphere can store before field emission begins depends on the radius of the sphere and on whether the charge is positive or negative. The smaller that radius, the faster the electric field increases and the sooner field emission starts. It's also easier to field-emit negative charges (as electrons) than it is to field-emit positive charges (as ions), so a given sphere will be able to hold more positive charge than negative charge.
Instant reversals of direction, however, aren't physically possible (because of inertia) and aren't actually what your friend wants anyway. I'll say more about the distinction between torque reversals and direction reversals in a minute.
In general, a motor has a spinning component called the rotor that is surrounded by a stationary component called the stator. The simplest brushless DC motor has a rotor that contains permanent magnets and a stator that consists of electromagnets. The magnetic poles on the stator and rotor can attract or repel one another, depending on whether they like or opposite poleslike poles repel; opposite poles attract.
Since the electronics powering the stator's electromagnets can choose which of the stator's poles are north and which are south, those electronics determine the forces acting on the rotor's poles and therefore the direction of torque on the rotor. To twist the rotor forward, the electronics make sure that the stator's poles are always acting to pull or push the rotor's poles in the forward direction so that the rotor experiences forward torque. To twist the rotor backward, the electronics reverses all those forces.
Just because you reverse the direction of torque on the rotor doesn't mean that the rotor will instantly reverse its direction of rotation. The rotor (along with the rider of the scooter) has inertia and it takes time for the rotor to slow to a stop and then pick up speed in the opposite direction. More specifically, a torque causes angular acceleration; it doesn't cause angular velocity. During that reversal process, the rotor is turning in one direction while it is being twisted in the other direction. The rotor is slowing down and it is losing energy, so where is that energy going? It's actually going into the electronics which can use this electricity to recharge the batteries. The "motor" is acting as a "generator" during the slowing half of the reversal!
That brushless DC motors are actually motor/generators makes them fabulous for electric vehicles of all types. They consume electric power while they are making a vehicle speed up, but they generate electric power while they are slowing a vehicle down. That's the principle behind regenerative brakingthe vehicle's kinetic energy is used to recharge the batteries during braking.
With suitable electronics, your friend's electric scooter can take advantage of the elegant interplay between electric power and mechanical power that brushless DC motors make possible. Those motors can handle torque reversals easily and they can even save energy in the process. There are limits, however, to the suddenness of some of the processes because huge flows of energy necessitate large voltages and powers in the motor/generators and their electronics. The peak power and voltage ratings of all the devices come into play during the most abrupt and strenuous changes in the motion of the scooter. If your friend wants to be able to go from 0 to 60 or from 60 to 0 in the blink of eye, the motor/generators and their electronics will have to handle big voltages and powers.
When those observers are in motion relative to one another, they'll certainly disagree about the time and distance separating two events (say, two firecrackers exploding at separate locations). For modest relative velocities, their disagreement will be too small to notice. But as their relative motion increases, that disagreement will become substantial. That is one of the key insights of Einstein's special theory of relativity.
But even when two observers are not moving relative to one another, gravity can cause them to disagree about the time and distance separating two events. When those observers are in different gravitational circumstances, they'll perceive space and time differently. That effect is one of the key insights of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Here is a case in point: suppose two observers are in separate spacecraft, hovering motionless relative to the sun, and one observer is much closer to the sun than the other. The closer observer has a laser pointer that emits a green beam toward the farther observer. Both observers will see the light pass by and measure its speed. They'll agree that the light is traveling at "The Speed of Light". But they will not agree on the exact frequency of the light. The farther observer will see the light as slightly lower in frequency (redder) than the closer observer. Similarly, if the farther observer sends a laser pointer beam toward the closer observer, the closer observer will see the light as slightly higher in frequency (bluer) than the farther observer.
How can these two observers agree on the speed of the beams but disagree on their frequencies (and colors)? They perceive space and time differently! Time is actually passing more slowly for the closer observer than for the farther observer. If they look carefully at each others' watches, the farther observer will see the closer observer's watch running slow and the closer observer will see the farther observer's watch running fast. The closer observer is actually aging slightly more slowly than the farther observer.
These effects are usually very subtle and difficult to measure, but they're real. The global positioning system relies on ultra-precise clocks that are carried around the earth in satellites. Those satellites move very fast relative to us and they are farther from the earth's center and its gravity than we are. Both difference affect how time passes for those satellites and the engineers who designed and operate the global positioning system have to make corrections for the time-space effects of special and general relativity.
What you are actually seeing when raindrops land on warm surfaces is tiny water droplets in the air, a mist of condensation. Those droplets happen in a couple of steps. First, the surface warms a raindrop and speeds up its evaporation. Second, a small portion of warm, especially moist air rises upward from the evaporating raindrop. Third, that portion of warm moist air cools as it encounters air well above the warmed surface. The sudden drop in temperature causes the moist air to become supersaturated with moistureit now contains more water vapor than it can retain at equilibrium. The excess moisture condenses to form tiny water droplets that you see as a mist.
This effect is particularly noticeable when it's raining because the humidity in the air is already very near 100%. The extra humidity added when the warmed raindrops evaporate is able to remain gaseous only in warmed air. Once that air cools back to the ambient temperature, the moisture must condense back out of it, producing the mist.
That lower-density objects float on water is a consequence of Archimedes' principle: when an object displaces a fluid, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal in amount to the weight of the displaced fluid. If you submerge a piece of ice completely in water, that piece of ice will experience an upward buoyant force that exceeds the ice's weight because the water it displaces weighs more than the ice itself. The ice then experiences two forces: its downward weight and the upward buoyant force from the water. Since the upward force is stronger than the downward force, the ice accelerates upward. It rises to the surface of the water, bobs up and down a couple of times, and then settles at equilibrium.
At that equilibrium, the ice is displacing a mixture of water and air. Amazingly enough, that mixture weighs exactly as much as the ice itself, so the ice now experiences zero net force. That's why its at equilibrium and why it can remain stationary. It has settled at just the right height to displace its weight in water and air.
As for why ice is less dense than water, that has to do with the crystal structure of solid ice and the more complicated structure of liquid water. Ice's crystal structure is unusually spacious and it gives the ice crystals their surprisingly low density. Water's structure is more compact and dense. This arrangement, with solid water less dense than liquid water, is almost unique in nature. Most solids are denser than their liquids, so that they sink in their liquids.
A transformer conveys electric power from one electric circuit to another. It performs this feat using several electromagnetic effects associated with changing electric currentschanges present in the alternating current of our power grid. In this case, the transformer is moving power from a high-voltage neighborhood circuit to a low-voltage household circuit.
For safety, household electric power uses relatively low voltages, typically 120 volt in the US. But to deliver significant amounts of power at such low voltages, you need large currents. It's analogous to delivering hydraulic power at low pressures; low pressures are nice and safe, but you need large amounts of hydraulic fluid to carry much power. There is a problem, however, with sending low voltage electric power long distances: it's inefficient because wires waste power as heat in proportion to the square of the electric current they carry. Using our analogy again, sending hydraulic power long distances as a large flow of hydraulic fluid at low pressure is wasteful; the fluid will rub against the pipes and waste power as heat.
To send electric power long distances, you do better to use high voltages and small currents (think high pressure and small flows of hydraulic fluid). That requires being careful with the wires because high voltages are dangerous, but it is exactly how electric power travels cross-country in the power grid: very high voltages on transmission lines that are safely out of reach.
Finally, to move power from the long-distance high-voltage transmission wires to the short-distance low-voltage household wires, they use transformers. The long-distance circuit that carries power to your neighborhood closes on one side of the transformer and the short-distance circuit that carries power to your lamp closes on the other side of the transformer. No electric charges pass between those two circuits; they are electrically insulated from one another inside the transformer. The electric charges that are flowing through your lamp go round and round that little local circuit, shuttling from the transformer to your lamp and back again.
The f-number is actually the ratio of the lens' focal length to its effective diameter (the diameter of the light beam it collects and uses for its image). Your zoom lens has a focal length that can vary from 70 to 300 mm and a minimum f-number of 5.6. That means the when it is acting as a 300 mm telephoto lens, its effective light gathering surface is about 53 mm in diameter (300 mm divided by 5.6 gives a diameter of 53 mm).
If you examine the lens, I think that you'll find that the front optical element is about 53 mm in diameter; the lens is using that entire surface to collect light when it is acting as a 300 mm lens at f-5.6. But when you zoom to lower focal lengths (less extreme telephoto), the lens uses less of the light entering its front surface. Similarly, when you dial a higher f-number, you are closing a mechanical diaphragm that is strategically located inside the lens and causing the lens to use less light. It's easy for the lens to increase its f-number by throwing away light arriving near the edges of its front optical element, but the lens can't decrease its f-number below 5.6; it can't create additional light gathering surface. Very low f-number lenses, particularly telephoto lenses with their long focal lengths, need very large diameter front optical elements. They tend to be big, expensive, and heavy.
Smaller f-numbers produce brighter images, but there is a cost to that brightness. With more light rays entering the lens and focusing onto the image sensor, the need for careful focusing becomes greater. The lower the f-number, the more different directions those rays travel and the harder it is to get them all to converge properly on the image sensor. At low f-numbers, only rays from a specific distance converge to sharp focus on the image sensor; rays from objects that are too close or too far from the lens don't form sharp images and appear blurry.
If you want to take a photograph in which everything, near and far, is essentially in perfect focus, you need to use a large f-number. The lens will form a dim image and you'll need to take a relatively long exposure, but you'll get a uniformly sharp picture. But if you're taking a portrait of a person and you want to blur the background so that it doesn't detract from the person's face, you'll want a small f-number. The preferred portrait lenses are moderately telephotothey allow you to back up enough that the person's face doesn't bulge out at you in the photographand they have very low f-numberstheir large front optical elements gather lots of light and yield a very shallow depth of focus.
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MURFREESBORO, Tenn. - Murfreesboro police have shut down two massage parlors following charges of prostitution.
According to WTVF-TV, the businesses were closed Friday night.
Kiran Han was arrested on four counts of promoting prostitution. Duan Hong, Chong Junkins, Meihong Su and Sarah Yi were all arrested for impersonating a licensed professional.
A jailer at the Rutherford County Detention Center told The Associated Press on Sunday that all the women made bail Saturday night.
Investigators say they know this kind of illegal activity goes on in other Murfreesboro businesses, and that the busts are just the tip of the iceberg.
"The customers going in there knew that they can go in there and ask for these things, the sexual favors," said Kyle Evans with the Murfreesboro Police Department.
Police say it's the first time businesses have been shut down in Murfreesboro as a result of a police investigation into prostitution.