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EdgeRank is one of the most important algorithms in marketing. Despite this, very few people have heard of it and fewer still can claim that they fully understand it.
EdgeRank is the name of the algorithm which Facebook uses to determine what appears in their users' news feeds. The news feed is Facebook's 'Killer App'. There is a plethora of information available to Facebook users, and the newsfeed is the order in which it appears.
It determines which of your connections is the most important to you and thus appears most frequently, and which kinds of content should appear higher than others. For anyone seeking to market a product or service on Facebook it's essential you understand how this algorithm works.
Understanding the rules of the algorithm and changing your tactics to reflect the system can make the difference between a business changing campaign and an embarrassing failure. Yet despite this huge importance very little has been written about the algorithm.
Unlike many of the algorithms that are changing marketing, Edgerank is actually not that sophisticated, but don't let its relative simplicity make you underestimate the influence knowledge of the subject will have on your tactical choices.
Let's start off with the name. Other than because it sounds cool, why is the News Feed algo known as EdgeRank? This is because every piece of content is known as an "edge".
So, a status update is an edge; liking a status update, that's an edge; uploading a photo, that's an edge, too; or a change in relationship status? That's also an edge. Basically, every interaction you have with Facebook that creates a piece of content is known as an Edge.
So, the newsfeed isn't really a feed of news, instead it's a chart of the most 'important' Edges which are determined by the EdgeRank Algorithm. What are the elements that make this algorithm? A combination of three factors: Affinity, Edge weight and Recency.
The EdgeRank formula is based on these three elements. While this does make the algo seem simple, there's actually a huge amount of complexity behind these three factors.
Affinity is a score based on the proximity or how "friendly" you are with someone. You've probably seen this in action. Spy on an ex-boyfriend or girlfriend, snoop on their profile and suddenly they're in your news feed all the time.
Comment on someone's photos and you'll find them appearing in your feed more often. This is affinity in action. You've sent a proactive signal that you have a 'close-ness' to that individual or organisation. The algorithm acknowledges this and begins to order the results in your newsfeed accordingly.
Some people aren't wholly supportive of Affinity having such a significant role in EdgeRank. The concern is that it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, i.e. the more often someone appears in your news feed, the more likely you are to increase you affinity, which in turn increases the likelihood of them appearing in your feed in the future and so on.
But given how people tend to cluster around only a small number of their connections it seems to work well for most people on Facebook.
One of the most important things you need to realise about affinity as a marketer is that affinity is one-way. This means you visiting a forgotten friends profile doesn't increase the likelihood of you appearing in their newsfeed.
I'm sure for nosey people that is great news. It is less likely to be considered good news for company profiles. For example, if you visit a profile of someone following you, it will have no impact on your Edges appearing in their feed. However you commenting on a photo of theirs which then triggers them to comment back would lead to them having a greater affinity to you.
Edge Weight
Edge Weight is a basic formula which decides that certain pieces of content are more likely to appear in news feeds than others. Photos are more important than someone "liking" a business profile, etc.
There's no definitive sequence of Edge Weight, but there are certain objects which acquire more EdgeRank than others. This can imply that they tend to have a higher Edge Weight than other types of content.
The three types of content which are widely understood to have the highest Edge Weight are Videos, Photos, and Links. Knowing that these are have the heaviest weighting should alter the way you communicate using Facebook. You should try and incorporate objects with high weight scores into any announcements that you want to reach as many of your followers as possible.
It's also worth noting that each person's Edge Weight is different, i.e. someone who likes browsing photographs is more likely to have them in their feed than someone who isn't as keen on them. It's not possible to understand which types of objects each of your followers favour, but this should at least deter you from the temptation of adding photos to every status update.
On the one hand, this will seem like a sensible strategy. It will have a high EdgeWeight. On the other hand, for the people who don't often click on photos you might have more success with a link, a video or an old fashioned text status update.
It's also worth noting potential political elements to EdgeWeight. At any point in time there will be certain features which strategically Facebook will want to push. Is it that far-fetched to assume that given Facebook's desire to own Foursquare style logins in they might turn up the weight of Facebook Places Check-Ins?
You should recognise what Facebook are trying to promote, as it's likely to influence the EdgeRank algo.
So, clearly variety is important, but understanding the relative weights of different types of object will help you increase the potential audiences of any message you're trying to get across on Facebook.
The final element of the EdgeRank is related to recency, which is actually known as time decay. For example, regardless of how much the EdgeRank is based on Affinity and Weight, if it's old news it becomes less likely to appear. This is different to Twitter which relies only on chronological order;
Facebook is still very reliant on the temporal nature of content, which is again pretty self-evident. Put simply, recency is that something newer is more likely to appear than something older.
The implication of this being that you should create objects and edges at the points in time when your audience are most likely to be using Facebook. This decreases the time decay and therefore increases the chance of your content reaching their news feed.
There is also another potential consequence of understanding the time decay factor. When appearing in the news feed you have exceeded the EdgeRank of other items. You might then increase the exposure by creating content when other people are less likely to be creating content, therefore reducing the competition for spots in the news feed.
Things you can do to increase your EdgeRank
Now if you're a regular user of Facebook, many of these ideas behind EdgeRank are obvious, but with a good appreciation and understanding of how EdgeRank works you will begin to make more intelligent decisions in your Facebook marketing campaign.
The creativity of big campaigns is important. However, from my experience of Facebook Marketing, while it's these huge efforts that always draw the attention and become the focus of case studies, it's actually those lower profile campaigns which are built on constant interaction with their fans that really deliver the most value.
Whether you're managing a campaign to make a big splash or a constant drip, there are plenty of takeaways from understanding more about more about how Edgerank works.
For example if you have an important launch coming up and you really want that content to appear in as many of your fans' news feeds as possible, what can you do to increase the likelihood of it appearing?
First of all, you want to do all you can to increase the affinity between your followers and you ahead of the announcement. Perhaps you could start a debate on one of your status updates which lots of your followers contribute to.
Not only will the number of comments increase the likelihood of that particular item appearing in the newsfeed , but also anyone who has made a contribution will have increased their affinity to you.
Don't be afraid to ask for the contribution! Buddy Media has found that using questioning words like Where, When, Why and Would have a dramatic influence on likes and comments, and as these likes and comments increase affinity, this has a positive influence on the reach of any future messages.
So, in the run up to your important announcement, plan a series of updates which have the purpose of trying to increase the affinity between your profile and your followers. Tease the update, ask questions, say something divisive, etc. You need a plan to increase the affinity of as many of your followers as possible.
This should be an on-going plan as affinity is something that will decrease over time, and generally speaking, you want as many of your updates to appear in front of as many of the right people as possible.
We also know that in general, photos tend to appear in news feeds more frequently than normal status update. Well then, perhaps you ought to accompany the release with a series of photographs. Videos and Links also have a higher than average weighting so should also be part of your posting plans.
So, media and assets need to be part of your Facebook strategy. You need to develop a content and asset strategy and a schedule for them. This can be comprehensive or flexible but thinking about what you can do to create updates with higher weight will enable you to interact with a bigger audience. Also, the fact that this type of content is also far more likely to be shared is an added bonus.
If you also know that the more recent your update is, the more likely it is to appear in news feeds, that should have an impact on when your announcement is made to ensure it coincides with your followers logging into their accounts. Explore when you get the most interaction on your posts and try and coincide future updates.
One of the biggest problem I have with most Facebook marketing campaigns is that they look to the number of likes a Facebook Page has the main measure of success.
Although it is very easy to measure, EdgeRank educates us that just because someone 'Likes' an account doesn't mean it will appear in the followers news feed.
This means if you want your messages and conversations to reach your potential customers, you will find a smaller but more engaged audience may lead to more appearances in the feed than a larger but less engaged audience.
UPDATE: If you want to find out more about the secrets of Edgerank and live in the Manchester area then do come along to our next Digital Shorts event, on 18 May.
Comments (60)
Really interesting guide, where I work we did some data mining to find out a bit more about how our users are engaging with us - might be of use as some of the points you mention (photos etc) came out in our research too: http://bit.ly/r7ea8y
I've read a lot of Econsultancy posts, and most of them only have one or two decent gems at best (at worst, they're simply wrong). This is by far the best and most useful post here, and I'll be applying all these considerations to my Facebook marketing campaign. Many thanks.
Thanks for the great article. A lot of the information has become apparent to me in the past, especially when I glance over my own 'Top News' feed but it's great to see the algorithm behind it.
Thank you also for the clear and concise considerations that we can take away and start using on our own Facebook campaigns. This information will be of use to not only myself but the clients I work with.
This is first rate information Kelvin - thanks for posting it!
I wonder if number of friends/fans has any impact on the Edgerank of a post.
For instance, a popstar with a large number of fans is likely to get a massive number of likes and comments from their fans (seemingly sometimes no matter what they say).
However, those posts don't automatically dominate a feed, maybe because Facebook measures the number of interactions relative to the amount of fans.
Hope that made sense!
A brilliant article - thanks for sharing. I've always suspected certain actions I take on Facebook determine the information I see in my newsfeed, but to hear the science behind it is fantastic.
At a personal level I find it very intriguing and interesting - but understanding the importance of Edgerank for brands takes Facebook marketing onto a whole new level.
Thank everyone for the kind words, James I don't think the number of followers in itself, would increase the weight, but the greater reach does increase the likelihood of it gaining weight, if that makes sense?
Good article Kevin. I wanted to know if this was directly from a Facebook source or if you have created the edge rank elements yourself? I believe you are missing a few elements another point to make is that the mobile Facebook news feed ranks things differently to the main site.
Interesting point James, I don't think Facebook takes the ratio of comments to fans into its equation. Although if you do find some kind of proof it would be interesting to see.
Been wondering how this algorithm worked for a while now - thanks for the info!
@robert this is all based on Facebook's language, a lot of this post is derived from a talk they gave a while back at their f8 conference about Edgerank
So there's a little conjecture and suggestion on my part but very much based on what they've talked about.
Great post & video. Been trying to implement the strategy for political campaigns, because campaigns tend to be - boring. One of the things we do is, we experiment with content. For example, if we throw red-meat out there, the hard core commenters show up and post their comments. So far that works. But again, have to vary the content to keep it exciting..
Excellent article. To be honest, I have never even heard about the edgerank algorithm before. Good to know. ;)
Excellent article. To be honest, I have never even heard about the edgerank algorithm before. Good to know. ;)
Good overview Kelvin.
It's indeed scary how few people know about this. Just won a Facebook-pitch against 3 other agencies & I think we were the only that based our proposal on Edgerank.
Regarding measuring success: Likes are obviously a skewed measure. Engagement Rate would be a good alternative.
And yesterday I discovered http://edgerankchecker.com/. Not sure yet how well it works, but it could be a great way to add another level of benchmarking
Exceptional article. Many many thanks! It really helps a lot. I plan to circulate this internally in our agency.
Agree it's an excellent article on a topic which does not get anywhere near the attention it deserves. Robert's point about mobile Facebook news feeds (and news feeds delivered via Apps) being different is defintitely true; does anyone have any ideas how the algorithm is different for the mobile site?
Great article, haven't read much about Edgerank algorithm before so it's very intresting to read!
Excellent article! Are you aware if Facebook can track whether someone watches a video on the newsfeed (such as a link to a video on YouTube)?
That. Was. Brilliant. Thanks for the info!
Good overview, Kelvin.
It is indeed scary how few people have heard of Edgerank. We recently pitched against 3 other agencies for a Facebook project & none of the others had mentioned Edgerank at all. We won ;-)
Re measurement. As you say, measuring the amount of Likes is indeed a skewed mechanic.
Taking into account the Engagement Rate is a good addition.
And this week I also found out about http://edgerankchecker.com, a new (?) tool that measures a Page's Edgerank. Not sure yet how good it is, but it could be a very useful 3rd parameter for measuring success. Has anyone had any experience with it?
Thanks for the article, great stuff
I never knew about edgerank! I'm so glad you explained it! Fantastic video Kelvin.
Kevin, thanks for adding Klurig Analytics' EdgeRank video to your post.
The video came out of some work we've done a few years ago, developing plans for an online news and social networking site. We quickly realized that we needed an algorithm that would help important information stand out from the noise, so we developed our own algorithm.
When Facebook's Edgerank algorithm, it was just a quick step to understand how they do things.
It all boils down to the fact that any social networking site is looking to provide the best and most important information to their users. And to do that, the site needs to try to understand each individual user's wants and needs.
In essence, it is very similar to how Google's Page rank algorithm works as well.
So, Kevin, thanks for a great article and thanks for adding our video.
Great insights into the drivers behind a successful social media campaigns. Your recommendations with regards to time decay are particularly insightful. It's what you post and when you post it.
Brilliant article, a great read.
My question is this: do updates to Business Pages from tools such as TweetDeck with links/media in them get included in the edgrank algorithm or is it updates that are made directly from Facebook?
I was aware of edgerank before, spoke about it with many clients but it's great to know that when you preach something it can be backed up by articles like this.
Do you know however if edgerank changes depending on if the default setting on you news feed from 'friends and pages you interact with most' to 'all of your friends and pages'?
Awesome information!
Thanks for sharing!
I have the same question as Dennis. Have been aware of and working with EdgeRank for some time, but am still trying to figure out if the algo affects what a user sees when they have manually selected "all friends" (or "most recent" for a Page) instead of the default view.
(By the way, the comment captchas are ridiculous when they include sequences of upside down numbers and punctuation marks - especially when the instructions say "Type the two words". How is a user supposed to know what to do with those?)
Is there any reason that when we look at the organic impressions in 'Insights' that we could have more Impressions than we have fans?
How could this be? Sometimes it is many thousand more impressions than we have fans, given that we are competing for news feed space and I doubt our fans share our content *that* much
- does anyone have an explanation?
Fantastic article. Only thing that wasn't mentioned was status updates. Surely they have a high edge rank compared to links and photos? Always see them popping up.
Also read in a seperate article about how apps which automatically post (i.e. Twitter app) have an extremely low edgerank.
Main question is really, from a business page, is it more effective to put a status update with an @ link to another page of information on facebook, or is it more effective to put that as a link?
Interesting, insightful, clear and concise. The best econsultancy posting I have seen for a long while.
Michael - you are probably counting impressions, rather than unique impressions. Also unless you have a like gate non fans can also visit.
You cannot comment on other peoples photos/profiles etc as a company page!! I don't understand why so many websites get this information wrong!!
Sorry, I felt compelled to comment again.
This article is not precise whatsoever.
Two pieces of information you have given is wrong. The first being that you can comment on peoples photos as a brand page, which is impossible.
The second being that you say that by posting a status update which encourages interaction means you will gain better affinity with your fans. BUT HOW WILL YOUR FANS EVEN GET TO SEE YOUR STATUS UPDATE IN THE FIRST PLACE IF THEY DON'T HAVE ANY AFFINITY WITH YOU??
It is a catch 22 situation which this article has not address at all.
Fair comment on the photo comment element Aimee, I should have made clearer that's more of an approach for a individual rather than a brand.
And with the interactive issue you're right it is a bit of a catch 22, but what I'm getting at is a comment thread with 77 comments is more likely to appear in someone's feed, due to it's additional weight - which attracts further comments which increases their affinity in the future.
Which I'm not sure makes much sense when I explain it in text here...
ye it is hard to explain in writing!
but you did give advice which stated that if you were launching a product and wanted people to see content surrounding that, then people should create a status update which encourages interaction, which will lead to them seeing the content. but that's not entirely true as how will people see that update in the first place....
Great article, well done. Do you think the option at the bottom of your feed over-rides all of this? E.g Where it has Edit options with the drop down "Show posts from all friends and pages" / "Friends and pages I interact with most"? Common sense would say yes but you never exactly know!
Aimee - By doing the other things he mentioned: Including photos/videos/links in post. Varying the "type" of posts you make. Timing the posts to times that people are most active on FB. All those will help contribute to your posts being higher up in users' newsfeeds.
He's not saying that if you have no or low interaction your posts will not be visible at all. If you do all the other things suggested and include a question to engage/encourage discussion you'll be able to help increase your edgerank for future posts. :)
Kelvin - Thanks for the informative post, I've realised our company already does quite a lot of your suggestions, nice to see it actually has a statistical support behind it! :)
Do you have any info on how edgerank applies to "top news" vs "most recent" options in the newsfeed? I know that, by default, FB has "most recent" automatically set to "friends and pages you interact with most" over "all of your friends and pages". Which implies that, despite being called "most recent", there is still some aspect of ranking applying to what actually appears in "most recent" set newsfeeds.
Hi Matt,
Thanks for that but I was just pointing out the bit where he gives advice about the product launch. That's all. It would have definitely been worth mentioning the catch 22 for those who are not so clued up on social media! :)
Tracy, in my experience I have my own personal Facebook set up to show updates from everyone, yet Facebook's Edgerank still seems to be in place as I only see updates from a select few. I am not sure about anyone else though...
I'm of two minds of any discussion of algorithms. While it's great to identify factors on their own, a lack of any real-world examples and data-gathering might make the stated factors be weighted in ways that might not make sense at first blush. You mention the lack of value of a like on its own, but that could be a major push in Edgerank if there's no statistical basis.
The other side to it, though, is that data isn't everything, especially with something as individual as EdgeRank (though a minor comparison can be made to search engine ranks) or Twitter's algorithm. It's I don't think the "Algorithm Marketing" post is particularly apt, since the "Field of Dreams" style "Do good stuff and the EdgeRank will come" mentality is both beneficial to customers/readers and avoidance of clearly manipulative techniques.
Have you found a way to calculate any base values for likes or other interactions?
A Very interesting article thank you Kelvin, I have some questions...
Do you believe that sentiment also plays a part in this ranking algo? - For example a FB Page could have a large amount of people complaining about a product or service, so would this mean it would then be more likely to appear in the news feed?
However contradicting myself - Users could always just unlike the page, But you would think that sentiment would have some relevance also to keep things relevant?
One last point: Pages which have been reported or other users have complained about to FB - Would these have less of a chance in appearing in users news feeds? Does Facebook "rank" company pages Separately? - Pages with less complaints per followers/visitors is more likely to appear in news feed?
Perhaps the most important thing in what is a very good article is Kevin's assertion that smaller campaigns on a frequent basis is a far better approach than big splash one-off campaigns which is often promoted by integrated marketing agencies that are being contracted for single marketing initiatives such as product launches.
For anyone that works in social media marketing, it is up to us to provide education to the end clients that social media is something that requires a calendar of activities designed to drive interaction, engagement and affinity. If clients do this then tools such as http://engagesciences.com/ can provide reach datasets on each and every fan and how they are spreading the clients campaigns to their friends.
The true value of social media for marketing purposes is in being able to reach the friends of fans and democratize marketing. Comscore produced a great report entitled the 'Power of Like' which politely points out that measuring the value of social marketing by engagement with fans does not give justice to the real value of social marketing. Rather it is the ability to reach the friends of fans through likes, comments, shares and invites that presents the greatest opportunity. Bing for example has 1.7m fans on Facebook and just the friends of those fans numbers 232m people. Being able to track how each fan is spreading your campaigns to their friends and then rewarding them for that behaviour is the next frontier for social marketing. Full disclosure: I am the the CEO of EngageSciences and a social marketing advocate who works with leading brands such as Nokia, Play.com, Speedo, and Forbes at helping drive earned media marketing strategies.
Great article!
Well put together and easy to digest- true, how few marketers realize the ER algorithm determines only about 12% of their audience seeing the news feed!
Really useful articlle and incredibly 'easy' to read. Definately things Ill use in the future. Thanks guys
Thanks for elaborating the algorithm in simple and easy way and I agree with you that I have never heard ER algorithm before and I am sure if I would not have come here, I would have never come across the EdgeRank algorithm. Thanks for the nice article indeed.
Facebook is really unique in how they are collecting user metrics through social media, I feel that is a major reason why Google is chasing after them so hard with Google Plus. They are afraid they'll lose to a FB future, so they need to incorporate social media + search now.
Great article, Kelvin! Although only Facebook truly knows how EdgeRanking works, this seems to be as close as we're going to get.
Looking forward to reading more of your articles.
Great information on best practices for posting on Facebook. Thank you!
I've been trying to optimize our facebook presence for some time now and only recently learned that the process is called EdgeRank and how the algorithms work.I believe this will help us greatly.
Thanks, Kevin. I think you're right. I think EdgeRank is almost as important as Google ranking. Of course, it's merely one aspect of a complete, well-rounded business plan with online and offline marketing methods. The future of facebook still looks bright and they seem dedicated to improving their product all the time.
Hearty regards, (c:
-Mark Lipka
I agree with you Mark, actually Kevin has provided complete insight of the EdgeRank, I think which is equally important to understand.
Thanks for the article. So straightforward,easy to understand and to connect with. Should it be more widely available?
It would have psychological benefits to millions of people who are needlessly frightening themselves into an early grave - worrying about "stalking", "being stalked" and "who cares about me?" It's just marketing. Most people would understand that concept. Brilliantly simple marketing. Well done.
how big do you think the edgerank algorithm is?
how long do you think it took to develop?
how often is it tweaked?
So its all about who has the edge.
Ive wondered for a long time why certain friends come up in my feed. Facebook thinks it knows me but really it doesnt. Most of the time it shows me stuff I am not at all interested in.
Edgerank is another way of making the popular kids/brands more visible on facebook.
Excellent article. I had no idea about Edgerank prior to reading this.
Some times it is a pain in the ass to read what people wrote
but this site is very user pleasant!
This is great and does strike at the core of all marketing.
Understand, Plan and Deliver.
Understand your medium, plan the strategy, deliver it to your TM.
Vague, I know, but you've done a great job at explaining it to someone like me who had very little knowledge.
Have there been any significant changes to EdgeRank since this article was posted?
Kelvin, this is a quite comprehensive explanation of EdgeRank beginning with the actual definition of 'Edge'. I appreciated your 'EdgeRank for Dummies' approach, as I am just learning more about the intricacies involves.
Thanks for your suggestions as well on how I can increase my EdgeRank with certain post strategies. I'll be putting these into action ASAP. :)
Quick question...I'm hearing a lot about outside app posts (from Hootsuite, Twitter, etc) getting your EdgeRank penalized (a la edgeranktracker.com). Any truth to this as far as you know? Thanks.


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With the next Office wave of products and services set to launch at the end of the month, it's time to turn our attention to what I see as Microsoft's most innovative and lucrative business. This is arguably the most important Microsoft launch of 2013, and can arguably be seen as the conclusion of the firm's other product launches from late 2012.
I'll have a formal review in the future, as well as ongoing series of article about Office 2013 tips and features. For now, let's just take a step back and remember how we got here, and how this next Office wave changes things.
The return of multi-platform
Office is one of Microsoft's longest-lived product lines, especially if you date it back to the original Multiplan from 1982. (Which you should, as Multiplan eventually morphed into Excel.) Multiplan was a multi-platform product that ran on CP/M, MS-DOS, Xenix (a Microsoft version of UNIX), Commodore 64, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Radio Shack TRS-80 Model II and 100, Apple II, and other systems. And that's the first interesting fact about Office 2013, because with this release, Microsoft will return to the product-line's multi-platform roots.
Sure, Microsoft kept a semi-crippled version of Office:Mac going for years too, but let's be serious: That product existed only to keep antitrust regulators at bay, and anyone who's used both the Mac and Windows versions of Office know that Microsoft never did a particularly good job of making Office a representative Mac application suite (especially in the OS X versions), nor of keeping it up to speed with the features in the Windows version.
With the Next Office, Microsoft is expanding the range out quite a bit. This wave of Office products will include, in addition to the Windows versions, a vastly improved Web-based Office Web Apps version that will for the first time be a viable alternative to natively installed applications and, over time, native Office versions for iPad and Android tablets. (These are expected later in the year and won't be launched in late January.) Microsoft will also update the Mac suite at some point, meaning that by the end of 2013, there will be a version of Microsoft Office available for every major computing platform on earth. Just as with Multiplan in 1982.
Office as a subscription
While Microsoft has tried to foist subscription-based versions of Office on consumers for a few versions now, always unsuccessfully, Office 2013 is the first that gets it right. The issue in the past was that subscription versions of Office simply repackaged the then-current product, and you could figure out how many months needed to go by before you had "beaten" the price of simply buying Office outright. It was rarely a terrific deal for users.
With Office 2013, Microsoft has changed the licensing of Office to match licensing of mobile apps. That is, rather than tying the purchase of Office to a single PC as was done in the past, the subscription-based versions of Office 2013—which are sold through Office 365—tie Office to you, the user. And you get multiple PC/device install rights, not just the ability to install to a single PC, and those rights are transferable on the fly. Furthermore, Microsoft explicitly condones family sharing of these licenses so that you can provide Office 2013 to all the PCs in your house. In these ways, Office as a subscription finally benefits users and Microsoft, the latter of which gains what it has always wanted, a steady regular income (as opposed to single, lump purchases every 3 to 5 years).
By subscribing to Office, you also get continual updates, including to major new product versions, so you're not stuck on the same version indefinitely.
Learn more: Office 2013: Pricing and Packaging
Office as a service
Tied to the Office subscription is the fact that Office 2013 will be delivered as an online service, through Office 365 subscriptions. Yes, you will still install Office locally on your PCs and devices. But the way you will do so has changed dramatically thanks to advances in a technology called Click-to-Run, which was previously offered as a way to blast Office installs on PCs in an enterprise. With Office 2013, this technology is used to blast Office onto your PCs, over the Internet, at speeds that will surprise you. And as exciting, perhaps, though it's not well understood by most users yet, you will also be able to use a feature called Office On Demand to use the Office application on PCs you don't use. When you're done, the install is wiped out immediately as if it were never there. Amazing.
Learn more: Office 2013 Feature Focus: Click-to-Run
Learn more: Office 2013 Feature Focus: Office on Demand
Cloud integration
Office continues operating like an online service even after it's installed because it integrates with Microsoft's online cloud services—SharePoint Online (and on-premise) for businesses and SkyDrive for consumers—and in fact uses those services as the default save point for documents so that they will be available anywhere at any time and on any device. This is a huge functional change for the suite, so that even those who are not using the SkyDrive desktop application—which syncs SkyDrive content to your PCs—will benefit from this integration. Sure you could always save documents to your Documents library as before. But with this integration, your data won't be locked to a single hard drive on a single PC. By default.
Learn more: Office 2013 Public Preview: SkyDrive Pro
Metro to the future
In the mid-2000's, it seemed as if Office had run its course. After all, what could you do to improve a word processor or spreadsheet in any meaningful way? A lot, as it turns out. By adding the innovative and truly useful new ribbon user interface to Office 2007 and then improving it dramatically over both Office 2010 and Office 2013, Microsoft has shown that thinking outside the box can improve productivity and feature discoverability while removing overloaded legacy user interfaces and making something old seem new again. Brilliant.
Office 2013 takes this user experience revolution to the next step by embracing the Metro design ideals, which minimizes the user interface "chrome" while making the UI that does remain more subtle so that users can focus on the content. Office 2013 applications are also designed work to work better with multi-touch via a new Touch Mode, and in full-screen usage closely mimic true Metro-style apps, a hint, I think, at future Metro-style Office versions. (Two Office 2013 offerings are available as Metro-style apps already, OneNote and Lync.)
More to come…
There are a lot of specific new features and functionality to discuss going forward, but I wanted to highlight some of the important high-level changes to the next Office that really set it apart from its predecessors and make this suite a viable and desirable productivity tool even on the highly mobile computing devices of the near future. We're still in the middle of a tsunami of change, but it's interesting to me that Office is still leading the charge and doing so in ways that are not nearly as controversial or debatable as what's happening with, say, Windows 8 and RT. I argue that it is Office, not Windows, that is Microsoft's most important franchise, and that Office 2013 is yet another indication that this aging software giant can successful manage deep technological change like no other.
More soon.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(Jun 1, 2007)
Dutch trying to grow eco-friendly meat
By Reed Stevenson
UTRECHT, The Netherlands (Reuters) - Dutch researchers are trying to grow pork meat in a laboratory with the goal of feeding millions without the need to raise and slaughter animals.
"We're trying to make meat without having to kill animals," Bernard Roelen, a veterinary science professor at Utrecht University, said in an interview.
Although it is in its early stages, the idea is to replace harvesting meat from livestock with a process that eliminates the need for animal feed, transport, land use and the methane expelled by animals, which all hurt the environment, he said.
"Keeping animals just to eat them is in fact not so good for the environment," said Roelen. "Animals need to grow, and animals produce many things that you do not eat."
Developed nations are expected to consume an average of 43 kg per capita of poultry, beef, pork and other meats this year, an amount that rises around 2 percent annually, data from the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation shows.
Asked whether people would be repulsed by lab-grown meat, Roelen said he believed there would be enough demand, as much of what people eat today is already extensively processed, from the feed that animals consume to the conditions under which they are raised and the preparation of meat after slaughter.
"I can imagine that some people will have problems with it," he said. "People might think it is artificial. But some people might not realize that some part of the meat they eat is artificial."
Research is also under way in the United States, including one experiment funded by U.S. space agency NASA to see whether meat can be grown for astronauts during long space missions.
But it will take years before meat grown in labs and eventually factories reaches supermarket shelves. And so far, Roelen and his team have managed to grow only thin layers of cells that bear no resemblance to pork chops.
Under the process, researchers first isolate muscle stem cells, which have the ability to grow and multiply into muscle cells. Then they stimulate the cells to develop, give them nutrients and exercise them with electric current to build bulk.
After perfecting that process, scientists will then need to figure out how to layer tissues to add more bulk, since meat grown in petri dishes lacks the blood vessels needed to deliver nutrients through thick muscle fibers.
And then there is the question of fat, to add flavor.


text:
Ulan Ude
Eastern Siberia : Buryatia : Ulan Ude
Ulan Ude (Russian: Ула́н-Удэ́ oo-LAHN oo-DEH) is the capital of Buryatia.
The town was founded in 1666, and due to its location on trade routes between Russia, China and Mongolia it developed into a prosperous trading town. Ulan Ude is an important commercial and industrial center of Eastern Siberia, located on the 5640th kilometer of the Trans-Siberian railway. It is the capital of Buryatia republic that is a home for Buryat, Evenk and Russian people. The city itself has a distinct Asian-like feel, perhaps because of the cultural mix and proximity to Mongolia. There are about 400 000 inhabitants, but it seems to be very calm and local people are friendly to visitors.
The months of January to March are the coldest, with temperature reaching as low as -27°C in January. April and May are also cold, but usually it is above freezing. June to August are the most pleasant months with lots of sunshine and temperatures rising to the low 20s. September and October are bracing months, but not yet very cold. November and December again sees a return to freezing temperatures of around -10°C to -20°C.
Generally, it is very contrast: in summer it may be very hot, and in winter it may be freezing. The months of January to March are the coldest, with temperature reaching as low as -27°C in January. April and May are also cold, but usually it is above freezing. June to August are the most pleasant months with lots of sunshine. Also, the whole Buryatia, and Ulan-Ude particulary, is considered to be the place where there are the most sunny days during the year, comparing to other places around. The average temperature during the year is: January -27 | February -18 | March -9 | April +1 | May +9 | June +18 | July +20 | August +22 | September +10 | October 0 | November -11 | December –19
Get in
By plane
By train
By bus
Get around
The center of Ulan Ude is relatively compact, and very walkable. Taxis roam the streets for the lazy, but don't expect any of the drivers to speak English. If you don't want to walk, shuttle buses (10-12 seat minbuses) run frequently to all parts of the city for a flat cost of 12 RUB, each route is numbered (on the windscreen) so get help to identify the route you want, flag the bus down to get on, pay the driver and indicate when you want to get off. There are also a limited number of tram routes.
City Center
Datsans and Churches
Buryat cousin
Coffee houses
Mid range
Stay Safe
Stay healthy
Get out


text:
- Inside Athletics
- Tickets
- Fan Zone
- Media Zone
- Social
- Shop
- E Fund
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Nov. 23, 2007) - Coming off a one-point heartbreaking loss to in-state rival Chattanooga on Tuesday night, the ETSU women's basketball will look to rebound and get back into the win column when they host Evansville Saturday afternoon. Tip is set for 1:30 p.m. inside
Below is breakdown of Saturday's match-up:
Lady Bucs Last Game
For the game, ETSU shot a season-high 45.6 percent from the field (26-57); while
Like the Lady Bucs,
The Purple Aces return all five starters from last year's 19-12 squad and 12 players overall. Coach Tricia Cullop's team is picked to finish fourth in the Missouri Valley Conference in 2007-08; while senior guard Rebekah Parker was chosen as a preseason all-conference choice. Parker was one of only two players in Division I to lead her team in scoring, rebounding and steals last season.
The Series
This marks the first-ever meeting between the two programs.
ETSU vs. The MVC
The Lady Bucs are 1-1 overall against current members of the Missouri Valley Conference with ETSU's lone win coming against
Player Watch
Senior guard Kelly Turman has been a spark plug for the Lady Bucs. Turman scored 21 points on 10-of-16 shooting Tuesday night versus
Broadcast Info
Fans can view the ETSU/Evansville game live via video streaming by clicking the ASun.TV link located above.
A Look Ahead
The Lady Bucs will have a week off before concluding their three-game and 2007 home swing, when ETSU hosts 2007 Big South Tournament Champion UNC Asheville Saturday, Dec. 1 at 1:30 p.m. The game marks the 17th meeting in the series, with the Lady Bucs winning 15 of the 16 contests.
Please visit www.ETSUBucs.com for more information on Lady Buccaneer basketball and all other ETSU athletic news.


text:
Buffalo ARM9 Kernel Port
Stock Kernel
Linux version 22.214.171.124-arm1 (root@develop) (gcc version 3.4.4 (release) (CodeSourcery ARM 2005q3-2)) #75 Sun Jun 11 14:33:24 JST 2006
This is available at [1]
Mainline Kernel
jonli447 and lb_worm were trying to create a patch for the vanilla kernel [2] so we could use the kernel.org sources for the arm9-buffalo-boxes easily. But the guys from Marvell have done a great job in doing that so the nas-central community have stopped efforts in doing that to focus on helping with the Marvell's git. Marvell's code was merged into 2.6.25 with the latest development going into the Orion repository [3]
At this time (01/06/2008) their kernel (2.6.26-rc4) supports:
- The Buffalo Linkstation Pro/Revogear Kurobox Pro support (MV88F5182)
- The Marvell Orion-2 (MV88F5281) Development Board
- The OrionNAS RD board (MV88F5182)
- The D-Link DNS-323 board (MV88F5181)
- The QNAP TS109/209/409 boards (MV88F5182 & MV88F5281)
- The HP Media Vault mv2120
- The NAND Flash controller
- The SATA controller
- The Ethernet controller
- The USB controller
- The PCI controller
- The GPIO controller
- The Serial Port controller
- The I2C controller
XFS has had problems on arm for a long time. Two patches [4][5] have improved the situation but there is still one problem remaining [6].
The things that are not yet supported :
- The CESA hardware engine is not yet supported (usefull for cryptographic and security operations)
- The XOR hardware engine is not yet supported (usefull for iSCSI or RAID5 operations)
- OABI rootfs & applications when using a 88F5281-D0 (other SoC are OK)
If you want to talk about this kernel, please do it here
Note: By using the kernels from svn/git, users are still subject to the LinkstationWiki BetaTesters ToS and Disclaimer (Not trying to scare people, just warning newbies).
Compilation & Installation Instructions
- Install either a native or cross toolchain. Cross-compiling with the codesourcery toolchain (2007q3) is reccomended. If your cross compile machine runs Debian, or similar, you can use the cross compilation toolchain repository supplied by Emdebian. Gentoo users may use sys-devel/crossdev.
- Download mkimage to somewhere in your path. Gentoo users may get it by emerging dev-embedded/u-boot-tools, Debian has a package named uboot-mkimage.
- Ensure you have the devio command installed (sys-block/devio in Gentoo).
- Obtain the kernel sources, this can either be 2.6.25 or greater from kernel.org or you can use the Orion development repository:
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/orion.git
- Change to your sources directory and create the kernel config:
make ARCH=arm orion5x_defconfig
- Run the following command to make any changes to the config file (including any ReiserFS or JFS support):
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
- Run
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/toolchain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- zImage
- After kernel is finished compiling, you need to force it to use the correct mach-type for your device:
# The version number at the end of each line is the kernel version that first # supported that device. Run only the line that corresponds to your device: devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811031,4' # Linkstation Pro/Live (2.6.26) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c05,4' 'wl 0xe38110e5,4' # Kurobox Pro (2.6.25) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe381101d,4' # QNAP TS-109/TS-209 (2.6.25) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811041,4' # QNAP TS-409 (2.6.27?) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811006,4' # D-Link DNS-323 (2.6.25) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe381109d,4' # HP Media Vault MV2120 (2.6.27?) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811074,4' # Technologic Systems TS-78xx SBC (2.6.27?) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811061,4' # Linksys WRT350N v2 (2.6.27?) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c07,4' 'wl 0xe3811027,4' # Buffalo Linkstation Pro Duo (Is this right?) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c07,4' 'wl 0xe3811042,4' # Buffalo Linkstation Mini devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c06,4' 'wl 0xe3811030,4' # Buffalo TS Pro V2 (not yet supported in Vanilla 2.6.26 as of Aug. 10th, 2008) devio > foo 'wl 0xe3a01c07,4' 'wl 0xe3811065,4' # Netronix NH-233 # Run all of the following: cat foo arch/arm/boot/zImage > zImage.new mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x00008000 -e 0x00008000 -n 'linux' -d zImage.new uImage.new rm foo zImage.new
- The new uImage will be called uImage.new, copy this to its destination. For a Linkstation/Kuro this is the /boot/uImage.buffalo.
- If necessary, compile modules and be sure if you are cross compiling not to set the install path to the hosts root:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/toolchain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- modules make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/toolchain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/<absolute/dir/loc/not/root/dir>
- copy lib/ directory that is created to / of linkstation


text:
Kate Hudson is channelling her athletic side to create a line of sportswear.
The Almost Famous star has teamed with Justfab.com to design a collection called Fabletics, which features a range of tops, jackets and accessories.
Hudson, who is a mother of two young sons, took inspiration from her own busy lifestyle to create the pieces, saying, "I've always lived an active lifestyle, and with two boys, life has only gotten busier. As a working mum, I know what it's like to be on the go and running around from one activity to the next. Sometimes you just don't have time to change, but you still want to look cute, whether you're taking a yoga class, running errands or meeting up with friends before you pick the kids up from school."
The range, which will launch in October (13), is not Hudson's first foray into the fashion industry - she unveiled a capsule collection for clothing brand Ann Taylor in May (13) and previously collaborated with jewellery company Chrome Hearts in 2011.


text:
SelectScience Members can achieve membership status by writing product reviews. This helps other members to better understand the Reviewer's experience and expertise.
Status: No. Reviews Published: Member 0 1-4 5-14 15+ By Invitation
Reviewers are also encouraged to publish a 'public profile' so others can benefit from a further understanding of the Reviewer's applications and expertise.
Write a review today>>
ReviewerMembership Status
Member since: 2011
Organization: Battelle
"Very robust instrument that requires little maintenance and has low downtime. Easy to use and software is easy to learn. Variety of liquid handling tasks to fit any lab procedure."
Member since: 2010
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology
"Excellent customer service is offered for this system."
Manufacturer Gilson, Inc.4.7 / 5.0 | 2 reviews


text:
Prayer Focus: January 2013
A Heart for Justice
'The man who walks with open eyes and with bleeding heart through the shambles of our civilization needs no such fantastic images. Often and often when I have seen the young and the poor and the helpless go down before my eyes into the morass, trampled underfoot by beasts of prey in human shape that haunt these regions...'
General William Booth, In Darkest England and The Way Out
Matthew 25:35-36
For I was hungry and you gave me food: I was thirsty and you gave me drink: I was a stranger, and you took me in: naked and you clothed me: I was sick, and you visited me: I was in prison, and you came unto me (King James 2000).
We may say without a shadow of doubt that every Christian strives to do something good in their life for the sake of others. It is a very good feeling and it needs to be done. In the United States of America The Salvation Army has a slogan which describes the feeling and the urgency in the world - 'Doing the Most Good'. It is a genuine longing not only for Christians around the world but also for many who long to do the right thing. Jesus and his amazing love for others set an example for us. He taught us not to be conformed to the practices of the hypocrites - those who claimed to be compassionate, yet failed to show a practical way of compassion for those who faced sadness, trials and abuse and all kinds of injustice. He taught us a valuable lesson which shows that the right attitude goes hand in hand with a practical response.
To do well we must have a grieving heart which will allow us to be vulnerable and be compelled to engage in doing something practical for those who are marginalized; those who are different from our upbringing, thinking, points of view, values, ethnicity, nationality or social status. We pass by a person who is digging in the trash to find crumbs to eat and this is the only meal for the day. Perhaps we see a young fellow who bears the scars of his addiction on his body and we may show the same compassion which Jesus showed to those who were untouchable and marginalized. Jesus had a grieving heart for them and at the same time he was moved to put his compassion into action. They were healed, touched, embraced and most of all he gave them a sense of dignity.
We have to be careful when we look at others differently. We must allow our hearts to be moved with compassion and to turn this compassion into something tangible and practical. True compassion enables us to take responsible action to fulfil the needs of our neighbour.
Lord, you have given me a heart of flesh, I am very grateful to you. Help me to be moved with compassion for those who are marginalized. I am standing in the gap to advocate and to raise my voice on their behalf. Open my spiritual eyes in a way that I may feel their pain and helplessness and then be compelled to help them. I am walking on the other side of the path and there is a gap between them and me. It is my prayer that I may be able to close the gap and be willing to reach out to them. I cannot do this in my own strength; I need you to come alongside me. I depend on you Lord.
Lord, our heart is pounding continually to maintain life. This is a good sign that keeps the physical body alive. Beyond the physical body, we need a heart which continually beats for others, especially those who are in need of love and compassion. O Lord, help us not to be cauterized by indifference and selfishness. Let us be champions of your mercy and your compassion to others. Amen.
God did not create a man to be isolated and detached from the rest of his creation. Every person is important in the community of faith. We are not mere observers; we must do something practical as part of the body of Christ. Our heart needs to exercise compassion for justice. We are called to join forces to rescue those who are suffering. O Lord, we need the strength and the willingness of others to make a difference in the world, to leave the footprints of our compassion we need a devoted and committed heart for justice.
We pray for those who are suffering injustice. We pray that they may find comfort knowing that the Lord identifies himself with the marginalized of this world. The Lord is with them in ways that they may not fully understand. He cares and loves. Let us pray for a change of attitude, a compassionate heart and a helping hand to positively impact the lives of others. Amen.


text:
The Chamber of Labour
The Chamber of Labour represents the interests of 3,4 million employees and consumers in Austria.
a) Fundamental research for the benefit of workers and consumers
The Chambers of Labour employ a staff of highly qualified experts who act as a think-tank for employees' interests, conducting studies on a wide range of relevant issues. The Chambers of Labour thus always have an up-to-date scientific basis for effective policy-making on behalf of employees.They closely co-operate with the other Austrian Social Partners in conducting and publishing joint studies on social and economic issues. The results of these studies feature prominently in Austria's political discourse and frequently serve as policy guidelines.
b) Participation in and control of legislation
It is through the Chambers of Labour that Austrian employees and consumers participate in the legislative process. The Chambers evaluate draft legislation from the point of view of employees' interests, make proposals for amendments and are subsequently involved in the implementation of these laws. Often impulses for legislative initiatives emanate from the Chambers of Labour and their experts, whose research continually underlines the need for legislative action.
c) Services
The Chambers of Labour offer a wide range of services to their members. The Chambers' experts provide information and advice on different issues such as labour law, social insurance, tax law, women's and family policy, worker protection, the protection of apprentices and young workers, unemployment insurance, and consumer protection.
In labour-law disputes between employees and employers the Chambers provide legal assistance ranging from oral or written interventions with employers to free representation of employees before the Labour and Social Tribunals. Education and culture are another mainstay of the Chambers' service activities. They provide considerable sums of money for education, vocational training and further education as well as the training of officials in the labour movement, and organise exhibitions, film screenings, theatre performances and concerts.
d) International presentation
At the European level, the Chamber of Labour has delegated representatives to the Economic Social Committee, the ECSC Consultative Committee and various committees and advisory.
Organisational structure
In accordance with Austria's federal structure, there is a separate Chamber of Labour in each of the nine Federal Provinces. The Vienna Chamber of Labour also functions as the administrative body of the Federal Chamber of Labour, which is the umbrella organisation of the nine regional Chambers. The Federal Chamber of Labour is in charge of all tasks of relevance to all of Austria, or to several Provinces. Both the regional Chambers and the Federal Chamber of Labour are self-governing public corporations.
All employees, apprentices, persons on maternity (paternity) leave, as well as the unemployed are subject to compulsory membership; civil servants and agricultural workers are exempt. The Chambers also represent the interests of retired employees.
In each Province a General Assembly, a kind of employees' parliament, is elected by equal, direct and secret ballot for a period of five years. All Chamber members are entitled to vote. The most important political groups are the Social Democratic Unionists (FSG), the conservative Austrian Workers' Federation (ÖAAB), and the Freedomite Employees.
Each regional Chamber is headed by a President, who is elected by the General Assembly. The President by statute represents the Chamber in all matters. He/she is supported by the Vice-Presidents, the Executive Board and experts.
The elected political officials are supported by the so-called Chamber offices, whose staff of roughly 2,400 persons provides the services, both technical and administrative, which the Chambers require to fulfil their statutory functions. Of these, one fourth work for the Vienna Chamber, whose office also serves the Federal Chamber of Labour.
Staff members include experts from all fields of economic, social and educational policy, who do research, evaluate draft legislation and draw up legislative proposals.
The financial basis: of this entire structure is the so-called "Chamber of Labour levy" amounting to 0.5% of all members' gross wages or salaries up to a certain maximum basis of assessment.
The Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection (BMASGK) provides a financial support to the AK office in Brussels.


text:
LACE DIAMOND JHUMKA by RASVIHAR
More Details:
Gross Weight: 10.21 gms
Gold: 10.21 gms
Diamond : RBC - 1.45 cts -
Jhumka Dia: 17.20 mm
CUSTOM MADE : This jewel will be handcrafted for you. It is not available in stock right now and, therefore, we will gratefully accept your order. Please allow 3 to 5 weeks for custom making plus the shipping time to your location. Thank you.
For shopping assistance:
Mail firstname.lastname@example.com
Call +919443242932
Mail email@example.com
Call +919443242932
IMPORTANT NOTICE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE : Presently, Banswari.com does not offer international shipping. Therefore, all jewellery orders can be delivered only within India. That is, the billing address may be within or outside India. Likewise, payment can be received from a credit card or a bank account within or outside India. However, the delivery address specified must be within India only.
Read about Returns here.
Read about Returns here.
Visit our sister sites:
Sarangi the Kanjivaram specialist.
Padma Paaduka for handwoven tussars, ikkats, mangalgiris, khadi and more.
Sarangi the Kanjivaram specialist.
Padma Paaduka for handwoven tussars, ikkats, mangalgiris, khadi and more.
You might like


text:
Fear-Induced Foolishness: Entertainment Industry Thinks Controls On New TLDs Will Actually Impact Piracy
from the come-on dept
In a position statement, "New gTLDs Targeting Creative Sectors: Enhanced Safeguards", the groups say that such gTLDs are "fraught with serious risks" and should be controlled more rigorously than other gTLDs.But, here's the thing: all that stuff already happens on other domains. What difference does it make if it happens on those new domains? It's not like domains are a totally scarce resource, and stopping piracy on one particular TLD will somehow prevent infringement. This just seems like a strange and pointless battle. It's not actually fighting infringement. It's fighting the possibility that a certain domain will be used for infringement -- even though preventing that won't stop any infringement at all, since it will continue on other websites. So why even spend time focusing on something so useless?
"If new gTLDs targeted to these sectors – e.g., .music, .movies, .games – are launched without adequate safeguards, they could become havens for continued and increased criminal and illegal activity," the statement says.
It goes on to make seven demands for regulations covering Whois accuracy, enforced anti-piracy policies, and private requests for domain name take-downs.
It says something about the mindset of these organizations that they can't comprehend that making a stand over this is completely meaningless. They just instinctively lash out at anything new.


text:
TAH Project Database
This project will help northeastern Michigan districts where about one-fourth of history teachers still need to reach highly qualified status. Each year, teachers will participate in a credit-bearing [...] »
A needs assessment of these 16 districts in the greater Boston area indicates that the teachers are interested in taking graduate-level courses and working with the museum and higher education [...] »
Teachers in this project's western Massachusetts districts noted that they are least knowledgeable about recent history, which also is the most likely historical period to be limited by time [...] »
In this eastern Massachusetts consortium, needs assessments have indicated that 115 of 800 social studies teachers have not attained highly qualified status and that, overall, students have scored [...] »
This district—the largest in Maryland—includes more than 1,000 American history teachers, many of whom have little or no background in their subject matter or in specific strategies for [...] »
These rural Maryland districts front both sides of the Chesapeake Bay; all have pockets of poverty, and several have growing populations of children who speak English as a second language. Teachers [...] »
Maryland's Howard County, southwest of Baltimore County, has recently experienced unprecedented growth. Cultural and ethnic diversity have increased, as have poverty levels. Achievement gaps have [...] »
Louisiana's Caddo Parish has high percentages of minority students (67%) and students living in poverty (64%), and only four of the district's 11 high schools offer Advanced Placement courses in [...] »
This project will concentrate on a combination of public schools and the public charter schools that were established in the wake of two events in 2005: the Louisiana Board of Education's takeover [...] »
Recent data indicate that as many as 86 percent of fifth, eighth, and eleventh grade students in the participating districts failed to reach mastery on the state U.S. history assessment. Every year [...] »


text:
The Treatment Action Campaign's (TAC) running team, Runners for Health, have successfully completed the 2012 Comrades Marathon. Seven of the runners finished the race in time to receive a medal - six managed to get bronze medals. Read what team members had to say about their experience of the marathon here.
The Treatment Action Campaign's (TAC) running team, Runners for Health, have successfully completed the 2012 Comrades Marathon. Seven of the runners finished the race in time to receive a medal - six managed to get bronze medals. Read what team members had to say about their experience of the marathon here.
Tantaswa Ndlelana finished the race at 10:59:37, making it just in time to receive a bronze medal. Tantaswa said, "I started first by going to gym but I never thought that I would run again, not until Vuyiseka introduced me to running in 2010. The Comrades Marathon is not an easy task, it was tough, the route was hilly, windy and long, but I finished and made it just in time for a bronze medal."
Lumkile Sizila finished the race at 10:39:11. Lumkile said, "When I got my first medal it was such a motivating factor for me and I wanted to do more. Running the Comrades Marathon had never crossed my mind until I started running with the TAC runners for health comrades."
Vuyiseka Dubula, TAC's General Secretary, finished the marathon at 10:48:59. Vuyiseka said, "Doing the Comrades Marathon came up as joke a between me and Mark Heywood after he learnt that we were starting a running group at TAC in Cape Town. The marathon was the biggest test to my will power to fight, my solidarity with other comrades, and not to underestimate my mental and physical ability. The TAC 'HIV POSITIVE' bib did the talking because people alongside the road were calling 'go HIV, go HIV!' and some came closer to say 'we are proud of you, thank you'. The support of our families, friends, and people of KwaZulu-Natal was amazing."
Mark Heywood, who was running the comrades for an impressive 13th time, finished the race in 10:48:58. Mark said, "This Comrades was probably my most enjoyable. Running with a team is better than the loneliness of a single runner. Running with comrades is better than running with a team! This race is inspirational. It's the best of the diversity of democratic South Africa all packed into a day. I have now done this race 13 times. I will be happy to take another TAC team on my 14th."
Below are the finishing times for all of the runners in TAC's team:
Lumkile Sizila: 10:39:11
Vuyiseka Dubula:10:48:59
Mark Haywood: 10:48:59
Thanduxolo Mnqgawa: 10:54:59
Tantaswa Ndlelana: 10:59:37
Mosuli Qhaba: 11:05:29
Akhona Dutyulwa: 11:52:26
Sharon Ekambaram ran for an impressive 10:02:37 with a backache and had to pull out of the race eventually.
TAC's participation in the race would not have been possible without many people who supported the TAC runners for health, namely, Cynthia Tshaka. Cynthia, from HIV Sports Heroes, supported transport and accommodation for all of the runners.
We would also like to thank the following people and clubs for their donations: Emi Maclean for providing running gear from America; the ATC club for providing running gear and shoes; and, the Varisty Kudus running club who raised R3300 to support the TAC runners. Additionally, we cannot forget the amazing support that we received from Faizel Slamang. Faizel kept all the TAC runners for health's supporters informed though his updates on the 'runners, walkers and cyclists for health' facebook page.
The objective of the Runners for Health group is to encourage other activists and ordinary people living with HIV to take up running and other forms of exercise. HIV does not have to stop you from living your life.
For further details please contact:
Vuyiseka Dubula – email:email@example.com, Cell: 082 763 3005


text:
One of our favorite responses, via Richard Bensam:
It dwarfs its surroundings and is actually less appealing than the building it replaces -- something many previously thought impossible.
On the upside, now the herbivorous primates of the East Village will finally learn how to use the femur of an antelope to crack open the skulls of tapirs and become omnivores, ensuring their future evolution into humanity. Later, their remote descendants will discover an exact duplicate of 51 Astor Place buried on the Moon.
Several people asked if the developer could just keep the empty lot the way it looks now...
Bobby Williams took the above shots on Monday afternoon.
Well, anyway, the developer probably has a few dollars tied up in this project (whistling)...
Still, we can be democratic about it. Let's put it to a
Curbed is offering a $100 gift card to St. Mark's Bookshop for the best redesign of 51 Astor Place. Smurfs are always good.
Previously on EV Grieve:
51 Astor Place demolition begins July 1; 17 months to build new black-glass tower
East Village — the new Midtown?
Workers chopping down the trees at 51 Astor Place


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Desktop Central is a web-based windows desktop management software that helps manage 1000s of desktops from a central location.
It automates the complete desktop management life cycle ranging from a simple configuration to complex software deployment. With its network-neutral architecture, the administrator can easily manage any windows networks like Active Directory, Workgroup, or other directory services.
Desktop Central automates regular desktop management activities, for example: installing software, patches, and service packs, standardize the desktops by applying uniform configurations such as wallpapers, shortcuts, printer, etc., secures the desktops by restricting USB, applying security policies, etc., and enables auditing with complete hardware/software inventories, license compliance details, detecting prohibited software usage, etc. In simple terms, it helps administrators to automate, standardize, secure, and audit their windows network.
Desktop Central is complete Windows desktop management software that provides Software Deployment, Patch Management, Asset Management, Remote Desktop Sharing, Service Pack Deployment, Configurations, Active Directory Reports, User Logon Reports and Windows System Tools.
The prices displayed below are intended as a guide only. For accurate licensing options and an accurate quotation based on your environment please contact us. Prices are based on an annual subscription fee. Perpetual license is approximately 3 times the cost of the annual subscription.
For further information and discussions about Software Licensing options, please use the following details to contact the Software Licensing team now.
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All Items : Pottery and Stoneware : Pre 1910 item #986622 (stock #safn-9824)
A wonderful old toby pitcher with all blue trim, that looks like flo blue. Measures 8 3/8" tall. No chips or cracks but there is lots of crazing. Inside shows some age discoloring. The crazing just gives it more age character. Not sure of who made this, as there is no marking on it. All decoration is underglaze.
All Items : Kitchen : Salt and Pepper Shakers : Pre 1980 item #654438 (stock #safn-9770)
Sherrys Antiques* Collectibles* Frivolous Necessities
$11.00 pr
$11.00 pr
Pretty flow blue onion porcelain salt and pepper shakers. Measures 3 1/2" tall and have plastic stoppers. Excellent condition. From Pier 1.
All Items : Pottery and Stoneware : Pre 1920 item #321637 (stock #safn-731)
Sherrys Antiques* Collectibles* Frivolous Necessities
Simply gorgeous pitcher marked Homestead England. Dark Cobalt to lighter flowing blues. A Pastorial countryside scene of an English farm. Cows & sheep graze and lie around in the foreground. A nice large leaf like relief in the pitcher. The pitcher measures 10 1/2" tall. Absolutely perfect!! No damages Very gentle crazing upon closeup inspection.Nicely stamped. Also the bottom has an incised H under the glaze. More photos upon request. You will love it!!
Delft blue oil decanter with ceramic top (cork part gone). Large sized, measures 8 1/2" tall. has windmill scene typical of delft design of a windmill scene. This is very old and made in Czechoslovakia. Very good condition. Pictures do not due justice to the nice color. See my other adds for matching pieces to complete your set.


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You can choose to make a one-time gift or a monthly gift to help support Volunteers of America's most needy programs and services nationwide. Help us continue to be there for the almost 1.3 million people across the country each year seeking our services.
Each year, Volunteers of America touches the lives of almost 1.3 million people - but not without your help.
Your kindness and generosity will be a welcome gift to someone in need. Your gift may provide such necessities as shelter and food and such life-renewing assistance as rehabilitation and counseling.
Donate to Your Local Office
Your donation impacts the lives of someone in need in your community. Please donate to one of our 32 local offices and you'll know your donation is being put to work every single month to provide food, shelter, and help for someone who's desperately waiting. Every dollar you give works harder because we have staff on the ground, serving in the toughest neighborhoods.
Support a Senior Living and Care Community
As one of the nation's largest nonprofit providers of quality, affordable housing for seniors and a major provider of professional long-term care, we own and operate over two dozen senior living and care communities. Help support these nurturing, supportive environments designed for each individual.


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Follow Federal Evidence on Twitter
Be the first to know about new evidence developments. Click here for more
Free Evidence Alerts!
Evidence Alert! delivers periodic email updates on blog postings & evidence developments - the subscription is free.
Maintain your advantage on evidence law by making it easier to use recent evidence cases in your practice. Receive the Review delivered via the Internet in PDF format providing summaries, insight, and analysis on the evidence cases of the previous month.
Since August 2004 Vol. 1, No. 1
Federal Evidence Review (Subscription)
Coverage since Volume 1, No.1 (Aug. 2004)
Total New Cases Reviewed: 3009+
Federal Evidence Blog Noted By:
- SCOTUSblog.com: On "Maryland v. King, Monday's five-to-four decision ... which ... authorizes the collection of DNA samples.... Coverage comes from the editors at Federal Evidence Review...." * * * "The editors at Federal Evidence Review cover another opinion released on Monday: the Court's summary reversal in Nevada v. Jackson ...."
- SCOTUSblog.com: "In yesterday's first opinion, Smith v. United States, a unanimous Court (in an opinion by Justice Scalia) held that a defendant bears the burden of proof of withdrawal from a conspiracy. At the Federal Evidence Review, the Editor's Blog has an extensive analysis of the opinion, which the Associated Press (via The Huffington Post) also covers."
- SCOTUSblog.com: The blog of the Federal Evidence Review reports on last Monday's decision in Salinas v. Texas ...."
- ABA Journal: As listed in the ABA Blawgs Directory
- Law Librarian Blog - "The Federal Evidence Review is no fly by night effort. It has been around for some time now and has established an excellent reputation for being a very dependable, expertise-driven resource."
- The Volokh Conspiracy - "...thanks to FederalEvidence.com, and with hyperlinks from rule to rule, as well as to the statutory history of each rule.""
- SCOTUSblog.com - "Federal Evidence Review takes a close look at Monday's argument in Southern Union Co. v. United States."
- SCOTUSblog.com - "The Federal Evidence Review discusses Perry v. New Hampshire and the role of jury instructions regarding the fallibility of eyewitness identification."
- SCOTUSblog.com - "[I]n the Confrontation Clause case [Williams v. Illinois]... Federal Evidence Review posted both a preview and review"
- Civil Procedure Prof Blog- "This [FRE 502] article [by the Federal Evidence Review] also includes key links and is a great resource for learning more about this new legislation"
- InSITE:Cornell Law Library- "Overall the [Federal Evidence] blog provides the busy litigator with an excellent resource with which to stay current on developments in the rules of evidence."
- Inside Track - State Bar of Wisconsin - "The Federal Evidence Review blog is another place that attempts to consolidate jury instructions, both according to circuit and subject matter."
- National Institute of Military Justice BLOG-CAAFLOG - "The ever excellent Federal Evidence Review has this nice summary and analysis" of White v. Illinois; Courtesy of FederalEvidence.com "here is their list of potential significant evidence issues affecting criminal cases this coming year."
- Law Librarian Blog - "Check out the very good Federal Evidence Blog"
- Evidence Prof Blog - Notes that the Federal Evidence Review "nicely summarized" the implications of FRE 502
- Internet Legal Research Weekly / Inter Alia: an internet legal weblog - Noted as a Blawg of the Week (Sept. 9, 2008)
- Indiana Civil & Business Lawyer - The Federal Evidence Review Blog "actually is very helpful for those times I get into federal court"
- EDD: Issues, Law, and Solutions - Notes that the Federal Evidence Review assessed reasons for lack of FRE 502 waiver provision
- Montana Personal Injury & Civil Litigation Blog - On FRE 502 the "Federal Evidence Review has posted an outstanding analysis"
- Drug and Device Law: Interesting Stuff On The Web - Notes the Federal Evidence Blog's coverage of FRE 502
- Hofstra School of Law, Deane Law Library, Virtual Library Cat's Eye View - - Noting that on newly adopted FRE 502, "For the text of the rule, discussion/analysis and important links such as the "Statement of Congressional Intent", check out the Federal Evidence Review."
- Full List


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Women's New Arrivals
Russell Athletic® women's workout clothes come in a variety of styles and colors. We provide you with versatility and functional benefits in all our of athletic apparel. Many of our activewear pieces for women feature moisture-wicking material that keeps dry from sweat throughout your workout. Whether you're looking for high-performance workout clothes or loungewear after a run, shop through our latest arrivals.


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Did you just open a show? Is your band playing somewhere? Are you staging a dance recital or sponsoring an event? Let us know. Send photos and relevant information to: Current editor, P.O. Box 3069, 1400 Washington St., Hoboken, NJ 07030; e-mail: email@example.com; or, fax at (201) 798-0018.
New Jersey City University presents "Spring 2009 Open House," including campus tours, information sessions and more on April 25 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on campus, 2039 Kennedy Blvd. in Jersey City. Refreshments will be served; registration will be held from 9 to 10 a.m. For more information, please call (201) 200-3234.
The Hoboken Historical Museum presents "Great Hoboken Auction," an annual silent-auction event, featuring antiques, collectibles, gift certificates, and merchandise in the Shipyard Complex at 13th Street on Saturday, April 25 at 5:30 p.m. A live auction begins at 7:30 p.m. including a private tour of Macy's Parade Studios, paintings, framed historic photographs, and more. Admission is $10; children under 14 are free. For more information, please visit www.hobokenmuseum.org.
The New Jersey City University Orchestra performs under the direction of Dr. Edward Raditz, featuring piano soloist Renpeng Dong, on Sunday, April 26 at 3 p.m. in Margaret Williams Theatre of Hepburn Hall, 2039 Kennedy Blvd. in Jersey City. General admission is $15; $10 for seniors, students, and group admission. For more information, please call (201) 200-3151.
Baskin-Robbins presents "31 Cent Scoop Night," the third annual event offering 31 cent 2.5 ounce ice cream scoops at participating Baskin-Robbins in Jersey City and Union City. As part of the celebration, Baskin-Robbins will donate $10,000 to the National Volunteer Fire Council's National Junior Firefighter Program. For more information, please visit www.baskinrobbins.com.
The Park Performing Arts Center presents "Showtime! 2009" a fundraiser for the center held on Thursday, May 7 from 6 to 8 p.m. at the Park Theater, 560 32nd St. in Union City. Event features two-tier cocktail reception, food from area restaurants, live music, and more. For more information, please call (201) 865-6980.
The Jersey City Museum needs photographs for "I Love Jersey City: Everybody Counts," a follow-up series to last year's popular "I Love Jersey City" campaign. Send 4x6 inch images of people who live, work or play in Jersey City to: I Love Jersey City: Everybody Counts, Jersey City Museum, P.O. Box 428, Jersey City, NJ 07303. For more information, call (201) 413-0303.
Monroe Movement Space presents "Real Sword Training" with Grand Master Jin K. Seong every Thursday at 7 p.m. at Monroe Center for the Arts, 720 Monroe St. in Hoboken. Class are $240 for 12 weeks, $450 for 24 weeks, $850 for one year plus the purchase of a $100 uniform and $350 sword purchased after first promotional test. For more information, call instructor Raab Rashi at (201) 317-9517.
The Cypher Movement open art, poetry slam at 7:30 p.m. every fourth Friday of the month at Jordan"s Lounge, 247 Newark Ave. in Jersey City. For more information, visit: www.cyphermovement.com.
Hoboken Happy Hour group has upcoming events for locals. This is an excellent way to network, make new friends, and try new places in town. For more information, visit www.hobokenhappyhourgroup.com
The Hoboken Ski Club has upcoming social and athletic eventsincluding weekly happy hour parties. All activities are open for members. The annual membership for the 2009 season is on sale now. The group meets every Tuesday night at McBride's in Hoboken. For more information, visit: www.hobokenskiclub.com.
Open Mics: Art House Productions, the first Thursday of the month at 1 McWilliams Place, in the old St. Francis building on the roof, Jersey City. Visit: www.arthouseproductions.org.
Bayonne Arts Factory, every Wednesday night starting at 8 p.m. Visit: www.arts-factory.com.
B.H. open mic for stand up, sketch, musical comedy hosted by Melissa Surach, every other Tuesday, 8 p.m., at Toy Eaters Studios in the GRAFS building, Jersey City. Visit: www.melissasurach.blogspot.com
Brennan Courthouse Music Series, visit: www.hudsoncountynj.org.
People's Open Mic hosts every Tuesday at Goldhawk, 936 Park Ave., Hoboken. Call: (201) 420-7989.
Wild Rover Pub, at 7103 Park Ave. in Guttenberg, hosts every Sunday at 10 p.m. All musicians, comics and poets are welcome. Call: (201) 662-9453.
If you know of an open mic that's not listed or you want some coverage, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com with "open mic" in the subject head.


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Pine Mountain Trail Race
General Information
When: Sunday, December 3rd 2017
46 mile ultra marathon on the beautiful Pine Mountain Trail system of FDR State Park in Pine Mountain, Georgia. This GUTS event will test your endurance and your ankles over rocky single-track trails. The trail follows the ridge line, going up and over it for the duration. Depending on water levels, the few water crossings could be dry or ankle deep. You'll experience both pine & hardwood forests, rock outcroppings, waterfalls and beaver ponds.
PMTR Lite
If the full monty isnt your sort of deal, try the PMTR Lite. New this year, we will be offering a 19 mile option. Same great trails, less time in the woods!
5K event
In our continued partnership with the Humane Society of Harris County, we will be offering an opportunity take it up a notch and also run the Jingle Bell 5K"9". This 5k will be held in the town of Pine Mountain on Saturday (day before PMTR). Runner's participating in both races will be eligible for a combined time "Doggy Double" award (Top three times). Come to Pine Mountain, enjoy the weekend, & get your miles in!" - Pine Mountain Trail Run
Race Contact: