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Communicable Disease Rule, Chapter 4605:
Effective September 13, 2005
See also the full version of the Rule at Communicable Disease Rule, Chapter 4605
Download a print version of the FULL document:
Communicable Disease Rule, Chapter 4605 (PDF: 39KB/8 pages)
- Definitions
- Persons required to report disease
- Diseases reportable within one working day
- Chronic Infections: Perinatally Transmissible
- Disease Report Information
- Report of Noncompliance
- Sexually Transmitted Disease; Special Reports
Subpart 1. Case. "Case" means a person or deceased person infected with a particular infectious agent or having a particular disease diagnosed by a physician.
Subp. 2. Carrier. "Carrier" means a person or deceased person identified as harboring a specific infectious agent and who serves as a potential source of infection.
Subp. 3. Clinical materials. "Clinical materials" means:
A. a clinical isolate containing the infectious agent for which submission of material is required; or
B. if an isolate is not available, material containing the infectious agent for which submission of material is required, in the following order of preference:
(1) a patient specimen;
(2) nucleic acid; or
(3) other laboratory material.
Subp. 4. Commissioner. "Commissioner" means the state commissioner of health or authorized officers, employees, or agents of the Minnesota Department of Health.
Subp. 5. Contact. "Contact" means a person who may have been exposed to a case, suspected case, or carrier in a manner that could place the person at risk of acquiring the infection based on known or suspected modes of transmission.
Subp. 6. Critical illness. "Critical illness" means the condition of a person who is hospitalized in an intensive care unit or who is critically ill in the judgment of a licensed health care provider.
Subp. 7. Infection control practitioner. "Infection control practitioner" means any person designated by a hospital, nursing home, medical clinic, or other health care facility as having responsibility for prevention, detection, reporting, and control of infections within the facility.
Subp. 8. Isolation. "Isolation" means the separation, for the period of communicability, of an infected person from others in places and under the condition as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent to those who are susceptible or to those who may spread the agent to others.
Subp. 9. Board of health. "Board of health" means authorized administrators, officers, agents, or employees of the county, multicounty, or city board of health organized under Minnesota Statutes, sections 145A.09 to 145A.14.
Subp. 10. Medical laboratory. "Medical laboratory" means any facility that receives, forwards, or analyzes specimens of original material from the human body, or referred cultures of specimens obtained from the human body, and reports the results to physicians who use the data for purposes of patient care.
Subp. 11. Physician. "Physician" means any person who is licensed by the Minnesota Board of Medical Practice to practice medicine.
Subp. 12. Sentinel surveillance. "Sentinel surveillance" means monitoring a disease or syndrome through reporting of cases, suspected cases, and carriers and submission of clinical materials by selected sites under part 4605.7046.
Subp. 13. Suspected case. "Suspected case" means a person or deceased person having a condition or illness in which the signs and symptoms resemble those of a recognized disease.
Subp. 14. Veterinarian. "Veterinarian" means any person who is licensed by the Minnesota Board of Veterinary Medicine to practice veterinary medicine.
Subp. 15. Public health hazard. "Public health hazard" means the presence of an infectious agent or condition in the environment which endangers the health of a specified population.
This chapter establishes a process and assigns responsibility for reporting, investigating, and controlling disease.
This chapter applies to cases, suspected cases, carriers, and deaths from communicable diseases and syndromes, reporting of disease, and disease control.
Subpart 1. Physicians. When attending a case, suspected case, carrier, or death from any of the diseases in part 4605.7040 or a pregnancy under part 4605.7044, a physician shall report to the commissioner according to part 4605.7040 or 4605.7044, unless previously reported, the information specified in part 4605.7090.
Subp. 2. Health care facilities. Hospitals, nursing homes, medical clinics, or other health care facilities shall designate that all individual physicians report as specified in subpart 1; or the health care facility shall designate an infection control practitioner or other person as responsible to report to the commissioner, according to part 4605.7040 or 4605.7044, knowledge of a case, suspected case, carrier, or death from any of the diseases and syndromes in part 4605.7040 or a pregnancy under part 4605.7044, and the information specified in part 4605.7090.
Subp. 3. Medical laboratories.
A. All medical laboratories shall provide to the commissioner, within one working day of completion, the results of microbiologic cultures, examinations, immunologic assays for the presence of antigens and antibodies, and any other laboratory tests, which are indicative of the presence of any of the diseases in part 4605.7040 and the information specified in part 4605.7090 as is known.
B. All medical laboratories shall forward to the Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory all clinical materials specified in this chapter upon a positive laboratory finding for the disease or condition, or upon request of the commissioner in relation to a case or suspected case reported under this chapter.
C. If a medical laboratory forwards clinical materials out of state for testing, the originating medical laboratory retains the duty to comply with this subpart, either by:
(1) reporting the results and submitting the clinical materials to the commissioner; or
(2) ensuring that the results are reported and materials submitted to the commissioner.
Subp. 4. Comprehensive reports. Any institution, facility, or clinic, staffed by physicians and having medical laboratories which are required to report, as in subparts 1, 2, and 3, may, upon written notification to the commissioner, designate a single person or group of persons to report cases, suspected cases, carriers, deaths, or results of medical laboratory cultures, examinations, and assays for any of the diseases listed in part 4605.7040 or a pregnancy under part 4605.7044 to the commissioner.
Subp. 5. Veterinarians and veterinary medical laboratories. The commissioner of health shall, under the following circumstances, request certain reports of clinical diagnosis of disease in animals, reports of laboratory tests on animals, and clinical materials from animals:
A. the disease is common to both animals and humans;
B. the disease may be transmitted directly or indirectly to and between humans and animals;
C. the persons who are afflicted with the disease are likely to suffer complications, disability, or death as a result; and
Subp. 6. Others. Unless previously reported, it shall be the duty of every other licensed health care provider who provides care to any patient who has or is suspected of having any of the diseases listed in part 4605.7040 or a pregnancy under part 4605.7044 to report to the commissioner, according to part 4605.7040 or 4605.7044, as much of the information specified in part 4605.7090 as is known.
Subp. 7. Out of state testing. Persons and entities that are required to report under subpart 1, 2, or 6 and that send clinical materials out of state for testing are responsible for ensuring that results are reported and clinical materials are submitted to the commissioner as required under this chapter.
Cases, suspected cases, carriers, and deaths due to the following diseases and infectious agents shall be reported. When submission of clinical materials is required under this part, submissions shall be made to the Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory.
A. Diseases reportable immediately by telephone to the commissioner:
(1) anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Submit clinical materials;
(2) botulism (Clostridium botulinum);
(3) brucellosis (Brucella spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(4) cholera (Vibrio cholerae). Submit clinical materials;
(5) diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae). Submit clinical materials;
(6) hemolytic uremic syndrome. Submit clinical materials;
(7) measles (rubeola). Submit clinical materials;
(8) meningococcal disease (Neisseria meningitidis) (all invasive disease). Submit clinical materials;
(9) orthopox virus. Submit clinical materials;
(10) plague (Yersinia pestis). Submit clinical materials;
(11) poliomyelitis. Submit clinical materials;
(12) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii). Submit clinical materials;
(13) rabies (animal and human cases and suspected cases);
(14) rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Submit clinical materials;
(15) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Submit clinical materials;
(16) smallpox (variola). Submit clinical materials; and
(17) tularemia (Francisella tularensis). Submit clinical materials.
B. Diseases reportable within one working day:
(1) amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar);
(2) anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum);
(3) arboviral disease, including, but not limited to, La Crosse encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile virus disease;
(4) babesiosis (Babesia spp.);
(5) blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis);
(6) campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(7) cat scratch disease (infection caused by Bartonella species);
(8) chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi);
(9) Chlamydia trachomatis infections;
(10) coccidioidomycosis;
(11) cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(12) cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(13) dengue virus infection;
(14) Diphyllobothrium latum infection;
(15) ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.);
(16) encephalitis (caused by viral agents);
(17) enteric Escherichia coli infection (E. coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic (Shiga toxin- producing) E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli). Submit clinical materials;
(18) Enterobacter sakazakii in infants under one year of age. Submit clinical materials;
(19) giardiasis (Giardia lamblia);
(20) gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections);
(21) Haemophilus influenzae disease (all invasive disease). Submit clinical materials;
(22) hantavirus infection;
(23) hepatitis (all primary viral types including A, B, C, D, and E);
(24) histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum);
(25) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Submit clinical materials;
(26) influenza (unusual case incidence, critical illness, or laboratory confirmed cases). Submit clinical materials;
(27) Kawasaki disease;
(28) Kingella spp. (invasive only). Submit clinical materials;
(29) legionellosis (Legionella spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(30) leprosy (Hansen's disease) (Mycobacterium leprae);
(31) leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans);
(32) listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes). Submit clinical materials;
(33) Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi);
(34) malaria (Plasmodium spp.);
(35) meningitis (caused by viral agents);
(36) mumps;
(37) neonatal sepsis (bacteria isolated from a sterile site, excluding coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) less than seven days after birth. Submit clinical materials;
(38) pertussis (Bordetella pertussis). Submit clinical materials;
(39) psittacosis (Chlamydiophila psittaci);
(40) retrovirus infections;
(41) Reye syndrome;
(42) rheumatic fever (cases meeting the Jones criteria only);
(43) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. canada);
(44) salmonellosis, including typhoid (Salmonella spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(45) shigellosis (Shigella spp.). Submit clinical materials;
(46) Staphylococcus aureus (only vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), and death or critical illness due to community- associated Staphylococcus aureus in a previously healthy individual). Submit clinical materials;
(47) streptococcal disease (all invasive disease caused by Groups A and B streptococci and S. pneumoniae). Submit clinical materials;
(48) syphilis (Treponema pallidum);
(49) tetanus (Clostridium tetani);
(50) toxic shock syndrome. Submit clinical materials;
(51) toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii);
(52) transmissible spongiform encephalopathy;
(53) trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis);
(54) tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) (pulmonary or extrapulmonary sites of disease, including laboratory confirmed or clinically diagnosed disease). Latent tuberculosis infection is not reportable. Submit clinical materials;
(55) typhus (Rickettsia spp.);
(56) varicella zoster disease:
(a) primary (chickenpox): unusual case incidence, critical illness, or laboratory-confirmed cases. Submit clinical materials; and
(b) recurrent (shingles): unusual case incidence or critical illness. Submit clinical materials;
(57) varicella zoster disease in addition to reportable disease under subitem (56), effective upon the commissioner's determination that the disease is reportable under part 4605.7042;
(58) Vibrio spp. Submit clinical materials;
(59) yellow fever; and
(60) yersiniosis, enteric (Yersinia spp.). Submit clinical materials.
The commissioner shall require reporting of varicella zoster disease under part 4605.7040, item B, subitem (57), if the commissioner determines that sentinel surveillance can no longer provide adequate data for epidemiological purposes.
Pregnancy in a person chronically infected with hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or other reportable perinatally transmissible diseases shall be reported to the commissioner within one working day of knowledge of the pregnancy.
Subpart 1. Disease selection. The commissioner may select an infectious disease or syndrome for sentinel surveillance, other than a disease or syndrome for which general reporting is required under this chapter, if the commissioner determines that sentinel surveillance will provide adequate data for epidemiological purposes and the surveillance is necessary for:
A. characterization of the pathogen;
B. monitoring vaccine effectiveness; or
C. achieving other significant public health purposes for a disease or syndrome that can cause serious morbidity or mortality.
Subp. 2. Site selection. The commissioner shall select, after consultation with the sites, sentinel surveillance sites that have epidemiological significance to each disease or syndrome selected under subpart 1. In selecting the sites, the commissioner shall consider:
A. the potential number of cases at the site;
B. the geographic distribution of cases or potential cases in Minnesota, if indicated by the epidemiology of the disease or syndrome;
C. the epidemiology of the disease or syndrome; and
D. the overall impact of sentinel surveillance on a site and the benefit to public health in conducting sentinel surveillance at the site.
Subp. 3. Removal from sentinel surveillance. The commissioner shall remove a disease or syndrome from sentinel surveillance under this part if the commissioner determines that the disease or syndrome no longer meets the criteria in subpart 1.
Subp. 4. Surveillance mechanism. The commissioner shall provide a description, in writing, to sentinel surveillance sites of a specific, planned mechanism for surveillance of the disease or syndrome, including the rationale for site selection, a time frame for reporting, and protocols for the submission of test results and clinical materials from cases and suspected cases to the Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory.
Subpart 1. Cases, suspected cases, or increased incidence. Any pattern of cases, suspected cases, or increased incidence of any illness beyond the expected number of cases in a given period, which may indicate a newly recognized infectious agent, an outbreak, epidemic, emerging drug resistance, or public health hazard, including suspected or confirmed outbreaks of food or waterborne disease, epidemic viral gastroenteritis, and any disease known or presumed to be transmitted by transfusion of blood or blood products, shall be reported immediately by telephone, by the person having knowledge, to the commissioner.
Subp. 2. Unexplained death or critical illness. Any unexplained death or unexplained critical illness in a previously healthy individual which may be caused by an infectious agent shall be reported by the attending physician, medical examiner or coroner, or by the person having knowledge about the death or illness to the commissioner within one day.
Subp. 3. Submissions. Upon request of the commissioner, medical laboratories shall submit test results and clinical materials for cases and suspected cases reported under subparts 1 and 2 to the Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory.
A physician shall report to the commissioner cases, suspected cases, carriers, and deaths due to any infectious disease that a physician determines has been acquired outside the state and that is considered:
A. rare or unusual in Minnesota; or
B. a public health problem in the geographic area of presumed acquisition.
It shall be the duty of any person in charge of any institution, school, child care facility or camp, or any other person having knowledge of any disease which may threaten the public health, to report immediately the name and address of any person or deceased person suspected of having the disease to the commissioner.
A physician or other person required to report under part 4605.7030 or Minnesota Statutes, section 144.4804, shall within one working day report to the commissioner of health the name, address, and essential facts of the case if the physician or other person required to report under part 4605.7030 or Minnesota Statutes, section 144.4804, has reason to believe that a person with active pulmonary tuberculosis:
A. refuses treatment for active tuberculosis; or
B. has not complied with prescribed therapy for active tuberculosis.
Subpart 1. Disease selection. The commissioner shall, by public notice, require reporting of newly recognized or emerging diseases and syndromes suspected to be of infectious origin or previously controlled or eradicated infectious diseases if:
A. the disease or syndrome can cause serious morbidity or mortality; and
B. report of the disease or syndrome is necessary to monitor, prevent, or control the disease or syndrome to protect public health.
Subp. 2. Surveillance mechanism. The commissioner shall describe a specific, planned mechanism for surveillance of the disease or syndrome including persons and entities required to report, a time frame for reporting, and protocols for the submission of test results and clinical materials from cases and suspected cases to the Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory.
Reports that are required under this chapter shall contain as much of the following information as is known:
A. disease (whether a case, suspected case, carrier, or death);
B. date of first symptoms;
C. primary signs and symptoms;
D. patient:
(1) name;
(2) birthdate;
(3) gender;
(4) ethnic and racial origin;
(5) residence address, city, county, and zip code;
(6) telephone number; and
(7) place of work, school, or child care;
E. date of report;
F. physician name, address, and telephone number;
G. name of hospital (if any);
H. name of person reporting (if not physician);
I. diagnostic laboratory findings and dates of tests;
J. name and locating information of contacts (if any);
K. vaccination history for the disease reported;
L. pregnancy status and expected date of delivery, if the infection can be transmitted during pregnancy or delivery; and
M. other information pertinent to the case.
Upon receipt of information or other knowledge of a case, suspected case, carrier, or death or any disease or report required under this chapter, the board of health as defined in Minnesota Statutes, section 145A.02, subdivision 2, shall immediately forward same to the commissioner.
The commissioner shall maintain records of reports of cases, suspected cases, carriers, and deaths for the disease reports required in this section and shall prepare statewide summary information which shall be made available for each board of health as defined in Minnesota Statutes, section 145A.02, subdivision 2, on request.
Local boards of health operating under agreements in part 4735.0110, subpart 2, shall be forwarded copies of all disease reports and information received by the commissioner which pertain to the jurisdiction and biennial agreement between the commissioner and the board of health as defined in Minnesota Statutes, section 145A.02, subdivision 2.
Subpart 1. Isolation. The physician attending a case, suspected case, or carrier (or in the absence of a physician, the commissioner) shall make certain that isolation precautions are taken to prevent spread of disease to others.
Subp. 2. Report of noncompliance. Physicians shall report immediately to the commissioner the name, address, and other pertinent information for all cases, suspected cases, and carriers who refuse to comply with prescribed isolation precautions. The commissioner shall then seek injunctive relief under Minnesota Statutes, section 145.075, if the person represents a public health hazard.
The commissioner shall investigate the occurrence of cases, suspected cases, or carriers of reportable diseases or unusual disease occurrences in a public or private place for the purpose of verification of the existence of disease, ascertaining the source of the disease causing agent, identifying unreported cases, locating and evaluating contacts of cases and suspected cases by assessing relevant risk factors and testing and treatment history, identifying those at risk of disease, determining necessary control measures, and informing the public if necessary.
The following special reports shall be given by physicians to the commissioner:
A. Notwithstanding any previous report, physicians who have reason to believe that a person having chlamydial infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, or chancroid has not completed therapy shall notify the commissioner immediately of that person's name, address, and other pertinent information.
B. Notwithstanding any previous report, physicians who treat persons infected with chlamydial infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, or chancroid shall ensure that contacts are treated or provide the names and addresses of contacts who may also be infected to the commissioner. If known, persons named as contacts to a person with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), shall be reported to the commissioner.
C. Notwithstanding any previous report, physicians shall immediately report to the commissioner the name, address, and essential facts of the case for any person known to have or suspected of having chlamydial infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, or chancroid who refuses treatment.
D. If resources are available, the commissioner may authorize specific outpatient or inpatient facilities to report cases of specific sexually transmitted diseases and clinical syndromes in addition to those specified in part 4605.7040. The diseases and clinical syndromes to be reported shall include urethritis in males, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital herpes simplex infection, ectopic pregnancy, and other sexually transmitted disease as requested by the commissioner.
Health care providers working with patients having chlamydial infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, or human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), shall tell the patients how to prevent the spread of the infection and inform them of the importance of complying with treatment instructions and of the need to have all relevant contacts promptly tested and treated for the infection.
Subpart 1. Definition. Any condition of the eye or eyes of an infant, independent of the nature of the infection, in which there is any inflammation, swelling, or redness in either one or both eyes of any such infant, either apart from, or together with, any unnatural discharge from the eye or eyes of any such infant within two weeks of the birth of such infant, shall be known as ophthalmia neonatorum.
Subp. 2. Prophylaxis. The licensed health professional in charge of the delivery at the time of the birth of any newborn infant shall instill or have instilled, within one hour of birth or as soon as possible thereafter, a one percent solution of silver nitrate, or tetracycline ointment or drops, or erythromycin ointment or drops.
Subp. 3. Treatment. A licensed health professional who is not a licensed physician but who is in charge of the care of a newborn infant shall immediately bring to the attention of a licensed physician every case in which symptoms of inflammation develop in one or both eyes of an infant in his or her care.
Subp. 4. Objections. If a parent objects or both parents object to the prophylactic treatment of a newborn infant and the health professional has honored the objection, the health professional shall retain a record of the objection.


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Features :
- Players take control of Amaterasu, the mythical sun god in its earthly form of a wolf, and must seek out and defeat these monsters, returning colour and hence life to the area.
- As a deity, Amaterasu's power is in part derived from humans believing and this is accomplished in two ways – by bringing colour and life back to areas and by listening to the wishes of the people and fulfilling these desires. The more faith people have the stronger Amaterasu becomes and the easier it will be to defeat the monsters.
- Okami's visual style is based on traditional Japanese art. Although a digital reproduction, the developers have ensured that the analog feel of paper plus the delicate calligraphy and pen work of this art form have not been lost.
- This graphical style also helps set the pace of the game with players encouraged to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Okami's world rather than rush headlong through the missions.
More articles about Okami

subset: commoncrawl


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Known in France as Côtes de Porc Vigneronnes (Grape Growers' Pork Chops), this provincial dish is typical of the simple yet substantial fare served after a hard day of harvesting grapes. Serve with wilted spinach in cream. What to drink: Red Burgundy or a Burgundian Pinot Noir.
- Yield
- Makes 6 servings
- 2 tablespoons (1/4 stick) butter
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 6 1-inch-thick pork loin rib chops (about 12 ounces each)
- 1/2 cup water
- 1 large shallot, minced (about 3 tablespoons)
- 1 garlic clove, minced
- 2 tablespoons minced cornichons* (about 4)
- 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh Italian parsley
- Melt 1 tablespoon butter with 1 tablespoon oil in each of 2 heavy large skillets over medium heat. Sprinkle chops with salt and pepper. Add 3 chops to each skillet and sauté until lightly browned, about 3 minutes per side. Cover skillets and cook until thermometer inserted into center of chops registers 145°F, about 9 minutes. Transfer chops to warm platter; tent with foil to keep warm.
- Add half of water, shallot, and garlic to each skillet. Cook until shallot is soft, scraping up any browned bits, about 2 minutes. Add any juices from chops. Whisk in cornichons and mustard. Season with salt and pepper. Pour over chops. Sprinkle chops with parsley.
- *Cornichons are tiny brine-packed French pickles, available at specialty foods stores and some supermarkets.
Related Video
Nutritional Info
- Calories755
- Carbohydrates1 g(0%)
- Fat51 g(79%)
- Protein68 g(135%)
- Saturated Fat18 g(89%)
- Sodium202 mg(8%)
- Polyunsaturated Fat5 g
- Fiber0 g(2%)
- Monounsaturated Fat23 g
- Cholesterol224 mg(75%)


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Sting at Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier of Place des Arts; June 11, 2012...
The idea of a Sting career overview with a small band didn't sound half bad when we heard about the Back to Bass tour, named after the singer-songwriter's return to the electric instrument he played aggressively in a famous peroxided trio.
But deeper reflection should have thrown cold water on the excitement: we're talking mostly Sting solo material here, with six of 20 songs in Monday night's concert at Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier of Place des Arts dating from his halcyon years with the Police.
Consider, for example, this somewhat punishing sequence, which made up the entire second half of the pre-encore setlist: 'Fields of Gold', 'Sacred Love', 'Heavy Cloud No Rain', 'Shape of My Heart', 'Love Is Stronger Than Justice (The Munificent Seven)', 'The Hounds of Winter', 'The End of the Game' and 'Never Coming Home'.
If you came to hear songs from 'Sacred Love' or '10 Summoner's Tales', you were in luck. Both of you. If you were hoping for 'Message In a Bottle', 'Roxanne', 'Don't Stand So Close to Me' or even 'If You Love Somebody Set Them Free', it wasn't your night.
Sure, granted, no artist should be forced to play only the hits he recorded in his 20s and 30s forever. The problem with Sting's post-Police work, however, is how dramatically the quality of the songwriting went downhill after his first solo album, 'The Dream of the Blue Turtles'. Instantly forgettable selections like 'Seven Days' and 'I Hung My Head' - both played Monday night - soon became the norm. The audience, accordingly, was offered a few too many tuneless throwaways.
No blame can be placed on the musicians in Sting's band. The opening trio of songs - 'All This TIme', 'Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic' and 'Englishman In New York' - were attacked with playful urgency, allowing virtually no stops between them.
Drummer Vinnie Colaiuta proved himself to be a rock-solid asset from the get-go and never failed to toughen up even the weaker material. Guitarist Dominic Miller and electric fiddle player Peter Tickell dazzled the audience with their chops, the latter earning a standing ovation for his furious soloing during 'Love Is Stronger Than Justice'. The wailing of backup vocalist Jo Lawry, particularly in 'Stolen Car (Take Me Dancing)', surely gained her some new fans, too. Keyboard player David Sancious added texture to flesh out the sound. With all that going on, these guys made 'Driven to Tears' a highlight and were even able to rescue material like 'The Hounds of Winter'.
Quite apart from the audience's appreciation of the level of musicianship, the crowd showed plenty of love throughout the evening, greeting both the oldies and the solo songs with keen enthusiasm. Tellingly, however, the three songs chosen to send everyone home on a high were all by the Police.
(c) The Montreal Gazette by Bernard Perusse


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"While there is more accounts receivable stress than a year ago, our data suggests that confidence in sales may be starting to return. The increasing rate of payment yields more fluid cash flow for all stakeholders in the supply chain – cash that is so desperately needed to fuel organic business growth and a sustainable recovery." –Jim Swift, president and CEO of Cortera
Here's some really welcome data in time for the long holiday weekend: cash flow within the supply chain is increasing and is heading back towards pre-recession levels, according to data gathered by information firm Cortera.
While it's certainly not time to pop any champagne bottle corks, this is a very positive sign especially for truckers, as faster payment of freight bills translates into monies to pay off equipment, fund salaries, and cover a myriad of other expenses.
"Just as the flow of goods is critical to the health of the U.S. economy, so too is the flow of cash through the supply chain critical to keep those goods flowing," Jim Swift, Cortera's president and CEO, told me.
"While the flow of goods is driven by sales, the flow of money is largely influenced by a company's confidence that those sales will continue," he said. "Strong confidence in sales normally spurs companies to invest in growth initiatives. On the other hand, a lack of confidence in sales causes companies to conserve cash and slow payments to suppliers."
Cortera's Supply Chain Index or "SCI" tracks late payments against agreed upon terms, measuring late accounts receivable (Late A/R), excessively late accounts receivable (Late A/R >30 days), and overall average days beyond terms (Average DBT). All three measures showed a spike in starting in October 2008 that directly coinciding with the financial markets meltdown and peaked in December of 2008 – going from a little over 7.2 days average DBT to nearly 10.8 days average DBT.
But the firm's September SCI now indicates a continuing reduction of A/R stress and improved cash flow throughout the overall supply chain, as well as the 4th consecutive month of decreasing receipt of invoice payments beyond terms (measured in average days beyond terms), with average DBT dropping to just north of 8.4 days. Not great, of course (hence the unwillingness on my part to break out the champagne) but far better than the sluggish rate of cash flow in the not-so-distant past.
Cortera's SCI measures payment activities of approximately 350,000 businesses that include manufacturers, distributors & wholesalers, retailers, services, and transportation companies. And the recent positive trend in the firm's SCI is good news for all of them, Swift noted.
"There are two parts to this increase in the supply chain cash flow rate" he explained to me. "The first is that, obviously, companies now have an improved ability to pay their bills faster. But second – and this almost more important – there's a lot more confidence out there among companies that they will be paid; convincing them, in turn, to pay their bills faster. It's this kind of psychology that is critical to the process of speeding up cash flow."
So, at its roots, Cortera's SCI is a measure of financial confidence – and its recent figures indicate that, while there is clearly more accounts receivable stress than a year ago, confidence in sales may be starting to return. And that is definitely a good trend any way you look at it.


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Tripler Army Medical Center medically cleared and released Petty Officer 1st Class Russell Matthews on Tuesday night, Coast Guard spokesman Lt. Gene Maestas said.
When the 36-year-old went missing in October, he was in the process of being discharged from the Coast Guard for illegal use of marijuana, Maestas said.
He hasn't been arrested. But Maestas said Matthews' unauthorized absence for three months and the circumstances surrounding his disappearance make him a flight risk, so his commanding officer ordered him into pretrial confinement at the Naval Brig on Ford Island while the Coast Guard investigates his case.
Maestas said he doesn't know where Matthews has been or what he's been doing since he went missing in October. He said that would come out in the investigation.
"We want to know, too," Maestas said.
The Coast Guard will decide what step to take next after a legal review and an independent review are conducted over the next seven days, Maestas said.
Matthews is a rescue swimmer with 15 years of experience in the Coast Guard. He's been stationed at Air Station Barbers Point on Oahu for five years.
Honolulu police said Matthews returned home Sunday, but he was incoherent and taken to a hospital for observation. He later called his command.
Matthews' wife reported him missing in October.
Police later found the guardsman's car abandoned at Kaena Point, a remote area of Oahu.
At the time, police said Matthews was emotionally distraught, and his friends and family were concerned for his welfare.
Crews from the Coast Guard, Navy, state, county lifeguards and Honolulu fire and police departments together searched more than 10,000 nautical square miles - on land and at sea - for Matthews. The search was called off on Dec. 13.


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Local Search Services
Google Maps is the second most popular product from Google after "search." To get listed on Google Maps, submit your business through Google Local. Big G is the most aggressive of all the search engines when it comes to local queries. Their top 10 local results with phone numbers are usually all users need to find the right business, without ever leaving the search results page. It's crucial to be there.
Yahoo Local will let you list your site for free. Once you list the site on Yahoo Local, your data will be syndicated with Yahoo Maps.
Live Maps boasts a Local Listing Center, to which you submit your information if you want to see your business featured on the Live Maps service.
There are many more sites that specialize in local search. Some of them are CitySearch, Local.com, SuperPages and much more.
When it comes to maps, I find Google is the most accurate at pinpointing business locations. I believe it's better than MapQuest in terms of technology. Google is trying to add reviews and a social element to the maps, but CitySearch, SuperPages and other niche local sites are still leaders in this field, so be sure to get local listings there as well.
{mospagebreak title=Local Search Engine Optimization Basics}
Include your address on many pages and make sure it is consistent. Here's a good format to follow (by no means the rule):
Company Name
Street Address
City, State, Zip
You can plug this into a footer, which is a clear indication to all sorts of bots that this is your address. A good guess is that bots are programmed to specifically put weight on pages with filenames such as "contact," "contact-us,""about," etc, so be sure to drop addresses there as well.
Be sure to include local variations of keywords on your local pages. For example, if you're a real estate guy in CA, make sure to vary CA and California within your content, because searches use both. Google is smarter at detecting and serving listings with only one occurrence (for example CA only is considered California by Google, assuming other indicators match), but other bots are dumber.
Get listings on local directories, Yellow Pages and local consumer sites. If you're after several cities, get links with local anchor text pointing to your local pages in order to pass page rank flow. Put up links from your high PR pages to the local pages with targeted anchor text, and several links to the most important local pages from the home page. This will cause high PR pages to pass PR and help local pages rank for their terms.
Google puts less weight on footer links, since those are usually used for SEO.
Target one city or per page. It's okay to target city municipalities on one page, since they merge the city together, but targeting Chicago and New York on one page isn't effective for both SEO and the user's experience.
Use targeted filenames, titles and H tags. Vary them from one another to decrease SEO footprints. For example, a real estate agent in Chicago:
<Title> Chicago Illinois Real Estate Agent Buy and Sell Homes in Chicago Area
(title may change as you target more keywords per page)
Filename: "chicago-real-estate-agent"
<H1> Sell and Buy Your Real Estate With a Professional Agent in Chicago IL
<H2> Over $400,000,000 real estate sales in Chicago
{mospagebreak title=Off-Page Local SEO Factors}
Keep in mind that Google weighs on-page SEO much less than off-page SEO. Search engines use outside indicators to scour information, thus matching the address, phone and company name in directory listings is crucial. Ideally everything should be identical throughout all of your appearances on the web.
Optimizing on-page factors can be more helpful in less competitive fields, but in cluttered markets, the value of on page SEO goes down. Some SEOs also say that citations that reference your business with its address can be more valuable than targeted keyword-rich links for local optimization.
Make sure you validate listings everywhere validation is offered (Google maps, Yahoo maps, Live maps, etc) to prevent vandalism of your listings. Also keep in mind that Google has editing holes in map listings that allow third parties to modify information. Even after verification, some goofball or competitor can change key information about your website on Google, so keep a close eye on it.
Inbound Links still play a crucial role in rankings. Matt McGee states that local businesses do not attract many links, something search engines have to consider, but one of our sites has top listings and is a top leader on local search results. Links are as valuable as with regular SEO. The more authoritative and targeted links, the better.
Anchor Text with city names help search engines classify pages. The difference between regular SEO and local SEO is that local anchor text has to be targeted by city locations. Keep in mind that the value of anchor text has gone down, especially when it's aggressively targeted, so keep it looking natural. For example, some links may be outright optimized, like "chicago real estate agents," while others appear only as www.site.com or "buy and sell real estate in Chicago IL."
Customer Votes, such as star ratings and customer reviews, can have an impact on how a website is ranked. A site with stars, in comparison to a site without stars, is a clear indicator to search engines that it has more value. Make sure your listing get scored by associates from multiple locations of your country.
User Reviews can be important, but user review criteria depends on the industry. If you're in a field where the site get a lot of reviews and feedback, it's likely counted in algorithm computation. If one site gets 50 reviews and others only receive 10, it's a clear indicator of natural "votes" to search engines. On the other hand, if you're in an industry where sites get little or no reviews, they aren't likely to make a difference. Hotels and restaurants usually have the most reviews so it's crucial to have many there. This brings us to the next topic.
{mospagebreak title=Fake Reviews}
If you're a business owner, you have most likely done this. If you have not, the question is – why not?
Yes, there is ethics on the line; just think about the furor once seen when large corporations tried to use fake blogs to drum up interest and publicity. But apart from that, fake reviewing is a regular business practice. Let's not call names, but many interactive agencies offer "online reputation management," which is nothing less than fake reviews, fake votes, fake criticism and fake forum conversations.
It makes sense as a business owner to write yourself realistic fake reviews for local and global listings, because your big competitors are doing it on an industrial scale. Tropical SEO did a good post on how to do fake reviews and appear natural. Check it out. Let's summarize his ideas.
If you're going to do fake reviews, write naturally, as if you're a regular guy/girl who is giving unbiased advice.
Avoid exclamation marks, names of managers and super raving feedback, i.e. "I love it!!" "it is the best place on the planet earth"
Don't give perfect scores, like 10/10 or 5/5
Mix positives with negatives. Many people are naturally looking for negatives, because all is not perfect. Pointing out the negatives and then stating positive looks more truthful and persuasive.
Here are two great examples to help you visualize how to write good fake reviews, from Tropical SEO:
Mai Thai is my favorite Thai restaurant in Houston! Everything from the chicken pad thai, to the hot and sour soup, to the chef's specialty "Chicken Curry No Hurry" is absolutely delicious! The decor is wonderful, there are authentic Thai paintings on the wall. I go there at least twice a week, and the owner, Lewis, always says Hi to me and we chat pleasantly for a while. It is a great place to go for a business lunch or even a Friday night date!! Oh, and don't forget to try the green tea ice cream!!!!! 10/10
Mai Thai is a pretty decent Thai restaurant for the price. I've tried the Pad Thai (good) and the hot and sour soup (average). The lunch crowd is busy but they get you seated fairly quickly. 8/10
Be aware that local sites and search engines are well aware of fake reviews, so giving many reviews from one city, or worse, one IP address, can set off red flags. Be careful.
Come back for the second part of this tutorial on local search engine optimization, where we cover different factors that impact local search rankings.


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Dulux Silk Emulsion Paint Willow Tree 2.5L0190597
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- Smooth and creamy emulsion paint
- Ideal for use on walls and ceilings
- Delicate sheen finish
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Product Description
Dulux Silk is a smooth and creamy emulsion paint for use on walls and ceilings which is ideal for a delicate shine finish. Chromalock is technology exclusive to Dulux that creates an invisible protective barrier around the colour on your walls, protecting from the wear and tear of everyday life, bringing you colour that lasts. Coverage is 13 square metres per litre. Leave 2-4 hours to dry between coats.
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Welcome to Wilko Life, our exciting blog that's all about sharing with you the best of what we do. From the latest stories on what's new and what's hot.Visit Wilko Life »


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Expert Systems: Where Are We? And Where Do We Go from Here?
Work on expert systems has received extensive attention recently, prompting growing interest in a range of environments. Much has been made of the basic concept and of the rule-based system approach typically used to construct the programs. Perhaps this is a good time then to review what we know, asses the current prospects, and suggest directions appropriate for the next steps of basic research. I'd like to do that today, and propose to do it by taking you on a journey of sorts, a metaphorical trip through the State of the Art of Expert Systems. We'll wander about the landscape, ranging from the familiar territory of the Land of Accepted Wisdom, to the vast unknowns at the Frontiers of Knowledge. I guarantee we'll all return safely, so come along....
Full Text:PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v3i2.367
Copyright © 2018, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.


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It's official: Temperatures are on a steady decline. But instead of digging out your sorry excuse for adequate winter accoutrements, turn to the runway for guidance and inspiration. At Tracy Reese, the designer did away with monochromaticism and topped models off with fluro beanies. Mulberry designer Emma Hill reinterpreted short-sleeves for the winter, pairing them with sexy opera-length leather gloves. From girly trapper hats to faux fur snoods, see all 10 ways to look stylish (and most importantly, insulated) amid blistering cold blizzards and turbulent winds, and you'll have mastered the art of cold-weather dressing with the greatest aplomb.
• 5 Stylists Reveal How to Look Cool While Staying Warm
• 10 Spring 2014 Trends You Can Wear Now
• Shop 13 Adorable Animal Sweaters


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a term used by weed dealers to ensure the smoker that they arn't buying poo weed. A typical precursor for a dealer-specific name consisting of either a location or a random color (not visible on the weed) followed by weed, hash, or haze. i.e. afghan hash, black haze.
nigga, nigga, nigga, nigga, nigga.... nigga, that shit i sold you last time nigga, it's nothin nigga, it's nothin nigga, this shit right here nigga? this shit right here nigga? iz dat fiya dogg, mesopotamian haze.
by fredwin May 19, 2008


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MEASLES CASE: Confirmed in IU student
BLOOMINGTON (AP) — Indiana health officials say a student at Indiana University's Bloomington campus has a confirmed case of measles.The State Department of Health said Friday that the student did not attend classes while infectious and does not live on campus. The agency said it's working with Monroe County's health department and IU to prevent the illness from spreading.Officials say the student visited the IU Student Health Center on Monday while still infectious, but wore a mask during that visit.The Student Health Center is contacting a small number of patients at the clinic who may have been exposed.Measles is a highly contagious illness that causes fever, runny nose, cough and a rash covering the body. Measles is particularly dangerous for children and can be deadly in rare cases.


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We can learn a lot by looking at this list of favourite sites written by people who are involved with education. I wanted to share with you.
These are MY TOP TEN TOOLS.
July 29, 2007
July 27, 2007
a Letter generator
I've just found this site and didn't want to miss the link. Great!
July 26, 2007
Peace day - 21st Sept
Watch this video and be inspired!
July 24, 2007
Vacation in Porto de Galinhas x)
This is the reason I was a bit quiet these days. I went away for a week to the northeast of Brazil to relax. Want to see my pictures? This is the slideshow I made using slide.com.
July 9, 2007
Using toufee.com to make flash movies.
|Flash movies in minutes with Toufee.com
July 8, 2007
Larry Ferlazzo has suggested it and I gave it a try. Not a very good result though, I mean, not the tool which in fact is great but my voice...
Larry Ferlazzo has suggested it and I gave it a try. Not a very good result though, I mean, not the tool which in fact is great but my voice...
July 7, 2007
- Get Your Own
These are suggestions from various teachers from the "Learning with Computers" community.
- English Vocabulary Quizzes using images
- Manythings.org
- OUP word games
- vocabulary.co.il (Fantastic)
- languageguide (word + sound + picture)
- tvo KIDS
- Make faces
- Weather lesson
- Disney Vocabulary game
- Memory Game
- Family Game
This is a great video activity created by Renée "My favourites".
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The Magical Donkey
Gustave Flaubert, author of Madame Bovary, wrote to his mistress Louise Colet in 1852:
If there is any artistic truth in the world, it's that this book [The Golden Ass] is a masterpiece. It gives me vertigo and dazzles me….It smells of incense and urine. Bestiality is married to mysticism.
With these words a master novelist reveals his unerring insight into the unique character of the one novel in Latin to survive intact from classical antiquity. Its sole competitor might have been Petronius' Satyricon, but that work, extraordinary as it is, has come down to us only in fragments and in a mixture of prose and verse that finds no parallel in The Golden Ass. Its author, Apuleius, was a successful rhetorician and writer from North Africa in the second century AD. He had an interest in Platonic philosophy and a taste for magic, which he had once been accused of using to win the affections of a wealthy widow. His novel, which survived from antiquity under the title Metamorphoses, is all about magic and the transformations it can cause.
Early on it attracted the attention of another Latin writer from North Africa, Saint Augustine, who was credulous enough to imagine that Apuleius might have been writing autobiography rather than fiction, and he tells us that Apuleius himself named his novel The Golden Ass. The name must already have been current in Augustine's day and, rightly or wrongly, attributed to Apuleius despite Metamorphoses in the manuscripts. It was undoubtedly because Augustine was so well known in medieval Europe that The Golden Ass prevailed. Like the Golden Rule or Golden Mean, this donkey was very special.
The plot and the tone of Apuleius' work are quite unlike anything else from the Greco-Roman world. A Greek traveler turns into a donkey, undergoes humiliations of many kinds (some crudely sexual) from the humans he encounters, picks up many obscene stories along the way, and then, after finally returning to human shape, witnesses an epiphany of the Egyptian goddess Isis and converts to her worship. In the midst of all this an insignificant old woman in the narrative tells, at great length and with matchless beauty, the story of Cupid and Psyche, which captured the imagination of European writers, artists, and composers for centuries.
The different registers in which the novel unfolds are dazzling, as Flaubert observed. The reader swings wildly back and forth between rollicking vulgarity and exquisite loveliness, to reach at the end a tranquil scene of deep religious devotion. Flaubert was absolutely right to emphasize the union of urine and incense, of bestiality and mysticism. The only work in the Western tradition that remotely resembles The Golden Ass is The Magic Flute, which also ends with an Egyptian initiation.
There have been relatively few translations of…
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The Pope and the Queen
As the world keeps wondering why Pope Benedict will not directly address the European sex abuse crisis, I find myself thinking back to the 1997 death of Diana, Princess of Wales and specifically to the response of Queen Elizabeth to it. It took days and a huge public outcry to get the queen to respond in some public way, but like any monarch, Her Majesty was just following protocol.
I think the same can be true of the pope, who is also more or less a monarch, and one who does not do public relations well. I've no doubt he is mystified as to why he should personally address a problem that is not of his making and is located in churches throughout the world. In B16's mind, those bishops should be dealing with their own messes.
Unfortunately that approach just not jive with the usual way the papacy styles itself as head of the universal church. Like it or not, people see the pope as the head of a large multinational corporation, not the spiritual leader of thousands of independent units (dioceses) that more or less function on their own.
What's really too bad is that the pope has a great deal to gain from speaking publicly about this matter and directly addresssing the situation of Peter Hullerman, a German priest transferred into to the Munich diocese when B16 was archbishop there. What did he know and when? What did he do and why?
I think the pope would be surprised if he took the advice of Catholic publications (Cathy Lynn Grossman of USA Today has a summary of their advice), including U.S. Catholic magazine, to deal with the media in the most honest, straightforward way possible, rather than as an adversary--a point I made this morning on the Chicago Public Radio program Eight Forty-Eight. It may be that some in the media are out to get the church, but I think the pope might find much sympathy if he would listen to those of us, though critical of his handling of this situation, do not want to see him fail. Jesus in John's gospel said the truth will make us free, and I think that may be doubly true here.


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Prepared for the Higher Learning Commission of the NCA Accreditation 2004
Cover of Printed Version
Table of Contents for Printed Version
Unit 1: Introduction
Unit 2: Criterion IThe institution has clear and publicly stated purposes consistent with its mission and appropriate to an institution of higher education.
Unit 3: Criterion IIThe institution has effectively organized the human, financial, and physical resources necessary to accomplish its purposes.
Unit 4: Criterion IIIThe institution is accomplishing its educational and other purposes.
Unit 5: Criterion IVThe institution can continue to accomplish its purpose and strengthen its educational effectiveness.
Unit 6: Criterion VThe institution demonstrates integrity in its policies and relationships.
Unit 7: Summary
Unit 8: Request for Institutional Change
Unit 9: Appendices


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Rep. McNamara organizes meeting to assess school safety plans
An information meeting has been scheduled for Wednesday to review the adequacy of Rhode Island's School Safety and Emergency Response plans.
The meeting, organized by Rep. Joseph M. McNamara (D-Dist. 19, Warwick, Cranston), the chairman of the House Committee on Health, Education and Welfare, will be held at 3 p.m. in Room 135 of the State House and will include leaders of the state's educational, law enforcement and state emergency planning communities.
In his letter of invitation to the meeting, McNamara, who was the author of the state's safety and emergency response laws enacted a decade ago (RIPL 16-21-23 and 16-21-24), said in a statement that "with the tremendous changes in both communications technology and improved emergency response protocols, I believe a thorough evaluation of these statutes would be appropriate at this time."
Among those invited and expected to participate in the meeting are Commissioner of Education Deborah A. Gist; John Desmarais of the RI Police Chiefs Association; Patrick Crowley, director of government relations for the National Education Association of RI; Timothy C. Duffy, executive director of the RI Association of School Committees; Frank Flynn, president of the RI Federation of Teachers and Health Care Professionals; Tim Ryan, executive director of the RI School Superintendents Association; Col. Steven G. O'Donnell, superintendent of the RI State Police; Theresa C. Murray, executive director, and Edward Johnson, deputy director, of the RI Emergency Management Agency, as well as a number of legislators.
McNamara, an educator recently retired from the Pawtucket school system, said that in addition to reviewing existing law, he hopes the participants at the meeting can develop statewide tactical response protocols that may be helpful for school and police departments that have emergency responders from more than one jurisdiction.


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All News
Only CBS
Latest Healines
President Trump Interviewed By CBS Evening News's Jeff Glor Following Helsinki Summit
Part 2 of CBS Evening News host Jeff Glor's interview with President Donald J. Trump airs tonight on CBS.
HBO To Release Documentary On Serial Podcast's Adnan Syed
A 4-hour documentary on Adnan Syed, a Baltimore County resident who was found guilty in the murder of his ex-girlfriend in high school, will be released by HBO.
Amtrak Train Hits And Kills Employee In Maryland
Amtrak spokeswoman Beth K. Toll says the incident occurred about 9 a.m. Tuesday in the Bowie area. The train involved was on its way from Richmond, Virginia, to Boston.
Police: At Least 4 Struck By Vehicle In DC; Doesn't Appear Intentional
Emergency crews have responded to a crash in Northwest D.C. where at least four pedestrians were struck.
All Sports
Latest Headlines
Mark Immelman: 'Wyndham Poses Every Question Of A Golfer'
CBS Sports' Mark Immelman breaks down the field and storylines heading into the final regular season tournament.
NFL Training Camp: What To Expect From The NY & LA Teams This Season
CBS Local TV sports anchors Steve Overmyer and Jim Hill break down the outlook for the Jets, Giants, Rams and Chargers this season.
This Week In Golf: Koepka Holds Off Tiger, Wins PGA Championship
Tiger Woods may have gotten more roars from the crowd, but Brooks Koepka never flinched.
Latest MLB Power Rankings
The N.L. East has three teams in the Top 11 and it's shaping up to be a good pennant race.
Best Of
Latest Headlines
The 4 Best African Restaurants In Washington D.C.
From Nando's PERi-PERi to Ethiopic, here are Washington, DC's best African restaurants.
Frugal Flyer Miles: How To Get To Reykjavik Without Going Broke
Daydreaming beyond this weekend? Here are the best prices on airline tickets to Reykjavik, Iceland between July and November of 2018.
Fresh Cookies To Pizza: 8 New Capitol Hill Businesses To Check Out
Restaurants, sports bars, bike shops... What are the newest businesses to open on and around Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.
The Full Scoop: Washington D.C.'s Top 5 Spots To Grab A Frozen Treat
Whether it's ice cream, gelato or frozen yogurt, here are Washington D.C.'s best places to score a tantalizingly delicious frozen treat.
Best Family Events For Easter 2018 In Washington, DC
From Easter egg hunts to visits with the Easter Bunny, the nation's capitol has plenty of family-friendly events for celebrating the Easter holiday.
5 Recipes For Awesome St. Patrick's Day Drinks
These boozy beverages will turn any St. Patty's Day into a celebration that even St. Patrick himself would raise a glass to.
Latest Headlines
'This Is How I Save My Life' Excerpt From Amy B. Scher
Are We Growing Numb To The Opioid Epidemic?
"Addiction Solution" author Lloyd I. Sederer, MD, asks if we're growing desensitized to the opioid epidemic.
CBS Local Interview: Filmmaker Matthew Heineman
Matthew Heineman discusses his new series on Showtime "The Trade."
5 Shocking Medical Stories From 2017
Here's a list of shocking stories from this year that shows just how far science has come and how unbelievable (and a little gross!) it can be.
10 Essential Tips For Girls To Stay Safe Online
Six Self-Defense Principles Every Woman Should Know
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Md. Teen Wielding A Shotgun Arrested For Holding Up Hotel Party
Montgomery County police have arrested a Silver Spring man for holding up eight people with a sawed-off shotgun at a hotel.


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There's been months of rumours – some well-informed, some complete guesswork and others, one suspects, started solely by the celebrity's agent to keep their client's name in the press (Essex reality lunk Mark Wright, I'm staring suspiciously at you). Now the cast list for the 11th series of Strictly Come Dancing has finally been confirmed. So who might be a contender for the fabled glitterball trophy? Who will be a dis-ah-ster, darling? And is it an impressive line-up this year?
At first sight, the field looks a trifle disappointing. Last year had the London 2012 effect with Louis Smith and Victoria Pendleton, while recent series have seen international stars adding glamour (the likes of Holly Valance and Jerry Hall) and comedy contestants for entertainment value (see Ann Widdecombe and Nancy Dell'Olio). This year's 15 lacks such surprises or star power. Still, some good dancers should emerge and as ever, the producers have cleverly cast the net to catch all generations.
The bookies' early favourite is Countdown's Rachel Riley, who certainly has the work ethic and elegance to succeed. Along with model-turned-footballer's wife Abbey Clancy and feline popstrel Sophie Ellis-Bextor, this leggy trio should light up the dancefloor and have dads at home surreptitiously lowering their newspapers. But will they be able to let themselves go enough to nail the performance element? Clancy's husband Peter Crouch is bound to sit in the studio audience, Stoke City's fixture list permitting, but pity whoever is seated directly behind the 6ft 7in striker.
Almost as promising among the women is BBC Breakfast's Susanna Reid, who could prove popular with viewers. She won a Children in Need newsreaders' Strictly special two years ago, so isn't quite a novice. Coronation Street's Natalie Gumede could be another surprise package. An alumnus of the Italia Conti stage school, Gumede – who played husband beater Kirsty Soames in the soap – has the jazz hands and fire in her belly to succeed. She reportedly wants Brendan Cole as her partner. Brave lady.
More mature women have fared well in recent years (take a curtsey, Pamela Stephenson and Anita Dobson) and this year's dancefloor doyenne could be Dragon's Den magnate Deborah Meaden, who'll train hard and be fiercely competitive, or more likely, former Bond girl Fiona Fullerton. She trained at Elmhurst Ballet School, which will play well with judge Darcey Bussell. Expect excellent posture and a 007-themed routine if she makes it to Hollywood Week.
Rugby players have shone in past series: Matt Dawson finished runner-up, while Martin Offiah, Kenny Logan, Austin Healey and Gavin Henson all reached the final five. This year's strapping egg-chaser is 2003 World Cup winner Ben Cohen. He's clinically deaf, with 33 per cent hearing loss in each ear. It shouldn't affect his musicality but might come in handy if the judges get critical. Head judge Len Goodman will love him and so might viewers.
The name Ashley Taylor-Dawson won't mean much to anyone over 30 but he's in yoof soap Hollyoaks, is this year's token hunk and could follow in the twinkle-toed footsteps of his castmate and 2009 runner-up Ricky Whittle. He was also in pop band allSTARS, so knows his way around a dance routine.
Another male with potential is Patrick Robinson, aka Ash from Casualty, who is LAMDA-trained and a theatre veteran. Veteran golfer Tony Jacklin fulfils the dapper gent role and certainly should have swing, but he's unlikely to last long.
As for who might provide the comedy factor? Fashion designer Julien Macdonald is likely to embrace the campness, a la Russell Grant and Richard Arnold. Dave Myers from The Hairy Bikers and comedy actor Mark Benton are both big men - although Benton is starring in Hairspray at the moment, so must have some stamina. Finally, Vanessa Feltz will really go for it, be a rich source of innuendo and won't take any nonsense from judge Revel-Horwood.
On paper at least, the females look slightly stronger and might just prevent a third consecutive male victory. But Strictly is a game played on the dancefloor, not on paper, so expect surprises. We'll see the 15 hopefuls paired with their professional partners and making their dance debuts on Saturday's launch show. Bring on that ba-ba-da theme tune.


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Airbrush Name Design
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If you have a specific need-by date for an order, sooner than 2 weeks away, please contact us so we can ensure delivery.
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Twist Collective
The Empress and the Teacup or How Silk Came to Be
by Daryl Brower
Long, long ago (2700 B.C.E., if you must be exact about these things) there lived a wise and kind Chinese empress named Lei-tzu. Being an empress, she was a relative lady of leisure and much enjoyed spending her time wandering about the palace gardens. It was her habit to take her afternoon tea under the shade of one of the many mulberry trees in the garden. One day whilst doing this, she made a most amazing discovery.
Ask the Problem Ladies: Fall 2012
by Kay Gardiner and Ann Shayne
The problem ladies have all the answers!
Going Green (and Blue, and Yellow, and Purple): The Secret Life of Natural Dyes
by Lela Nargi
Before I was much of a knitter, I was an avid purchaser of yarn. Namely of Vermonter Jamie Harmon's lush, variegated skeins of merino/angora, which, in mid-1990s New York, were sold exclusively by Linda La Belle at her Brooklyn shop, The Yarn Tree. I found the colorways of the skeins irresistible, with their seafoam greens and berry reds and lively blues. At that time, even as I hoarded twist after luscious twist, I lacked the vocabulary to describe their appealing qualities. Now I know that I was lured by the extraordinary vibrancy and depth of color that can only be achieved by natural dyes.
Shaping in Pattern
by Sandi Rosner
Many of our favorite designs feature an allover pattern—lace, cables, or some other interesting texture. When the time comes to shape the waist, armholes, or neckline, you are expected to maintain the established pattern in spite of a changing stitch count.
In this issue, we'll take a detailed look at how to maintain a lace or cable pattern while increasing or decreasing.
Knit Together
by Mindy Weisberger
In the fall of 2011, a New Zealand oil spill sparked a chain reaction of frenzied knitting activity. A local yarn store posted an urgent call for penguin sweaters to warm the affected birds and prevent them from nibbling the oil off their feathers. In less than a week, knitters from around the world had crafted and delivered far more sweaters than there were penguins. While there's nothing new about activist knitting, over the last decade the Internet has become an important factor in connecting urgent causes and eager activists, allowing today's fiber warriors to quickly find each other and respond more creatively and enthusiastically than ever. By applying their flying fingers to unlikely patterns, and constructing sometimes-unusual objects, they address challenges that are social and environmental.


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1950s retro inspired gathered skirt
Added Apr 15, 2013
Edenbridge, Unit...
This skirt is made out of old curtains, absolutely gorgeous fabric.
More info on my blog here http://petrafedor.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/just-few-easter-pictures-and-my-new.html and here http://petrafedor.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/vintage-inspired-skirt-finished-and-new.html.
This product is for sale
By petrafedorova at etsy
Material Notes
recycled cotton curtains
2 Comments Sign in to add a post
Apr 19, 2013, 08.10 PMby LindaGross
Thx for your reply. I've never made pleats/joined a garment that way. I think it is very creative and can't wait to try it on my next project w/pleats. Being self taught certainly has its own set of challenges but some of the best looks and techniques are created that way. Again, thanks for sharing how you made it. It is very nicely done and very inspiring!
Apr 16, 2013, 02.23 AMby LindaGross
I like the gathers/pleats/tucks at the waist. The skirt lies flat at the belly even though it is a full skirt. I've not yet mastered getting that look. Do you mind if I ask what technique you used in gathering this beautiful skirt while making it lay close to the body (slenderizing)? LindaG
1 Reply
Apr 16, 2013, 07.32 AMby petrafedorova
I do not really use any special technique, join the side seams of waistband and skirt and the middle of waistband and skirt and then keep folding fabric on both sides to end up with the same amount of pleats. Hope it makes sense. As I am only self taught seemstress, so my techniques might not be right, but work for me.
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Huh? Totally Clueless German Court Says ContentID Isn't Good Enough, YouTube Must Block Infringement By Keywords
from the total-failure dept
Unfortunately, the court has now ruled in the case, and the results seem ridiculous. It has said that YouTube is liable when users post videos (third party liability concepts still just don't make sense to German courts). Even more ridiculous, however, is that the court has said that YouTube's famous ContentID system is not enough. Instead, it must also install a keyword-based filter to block GEMA songs from being uploaded. Keyword-filters? Really. We've done this before a bunch of times and it doesn't work. At all. Keyword filters are really stupid ways to deal with these kinds of things. First off, they tend to block all sorts of legitimate content. But, more importantly, users figure out how to get around them in less than an hour. They just start coming up with easy-to-decipher substitutes. Comparing a keyword filter to ContentID is like comparing a human strapping on wings to a modern fighter plane. One of them works and can actually get the job done. One of them just makes you look like an idiot.
The only "concession" the court appears to have given YouTube is that it only expects such filtering to work going forward, rather than having them search the archive. That, of course, is barely a concession at all. If I remember correctly, this particular court, in Hamburg, is somewhat notorious for siding with copyright holders, so I wouldn't be surprised to see an appeal on this case...


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An allergy is a body's reaction to something that normally does not provoke a response in a nonallergic person. Some people are born with a genetic makeup that causes their body to respond to certain "allergens" when exposed on repetitive occasions.
Allergens can include:
Some people have many allergies. Some have none. Allergy sensitivity may be linked to your genes and your environment. You have a higher risk of developing food allergies if your family members have them.
Allergic reactions may occur almost anywhere in the body but commonly affect the:
If the whole body is involved in an abrupt reaction, shock and life-threatening anaphylaxis may occur. Fortunately, anaphylaxis is uncommon.
The part of the body affected by allergic reaction depends, in part, on the way you are exposed to an allergen. Respiratory symptoms occur when an allergen is inhaled. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur after ingestion. Itchy skin can occur after touching the allergen, such as poison ivy.
Common food allergens include:
Symptoms may start quickly, within a few minutes. In less severe allergies, symptoms may start several hours after exposure.
In case of severe symptoms, get to an emergency room immediately. Patients who have severe reactions may need to keep injectable adrenaline (e.g., an EpiPen) available.
The best treatment is to avoid allergens that will provoke a reaction.
When symptoms do occur:
Identifying the allergen, and then avoiding it, is the best way to prevent allergic reaction.
It may help to:
Appointments Toll-Free
Locally Toll-Free -446-2255
Disclaimer: The information on this website is for general informational purposes only and SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, evaluation or care from your physician or other qualified health care provider.


text:
Franz Ferdinand: The reinvigorated Scottish quartet is back with its fourth album, and first in four years, the aptly named "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action," which finds them presiding over a twisted party, 7:30 p.m. Thursday at the Vic Theatre, 3145 N. Sheffield, $40; jamusa.com.
Tame Impala: Kevin Parker and his band of Australian acid-rockers roared at the Vic earlier this year. Now they're back to play a room nearly double the size, and they should have no problems making it quake, 7:30 p.m. Thursday at the Riviera Theatre, 4746 N. Racine Ave., $28; jamusua.com.


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Included here are course requirements for the Biology major, as well as requirements for Wildlife Biology major, Biology minor and a 7-12 Biology endorsement. Course listings and descriptions are also included.
Biology Major (38 hours of Biology courses)
A major in Biology begins with a two-semester sequence of courses. The first, Biological Systems I (BIO 101) and its laboratory (BIO 107), and Seminar (BIO 102), examine the diversity of biological organisms and phenomena. The second, Biological Systems II (BIO 103) and its laboratory (BIO 107), emphasize those aspects of Biology which are common to all living organisms. These five courses (BIO 101, 102, 103, 105, and 107) are required as prerequisites for all other upper division Biology courses.
In order to insure that all students majoring in Biology experience the breadth of knowledge which is Biology, every student must take at least one course from each of the three main subdivisions of Biology: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Organismal Biology and Ecology/Behavioral Biology.
The courses from which students may choose are:
Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology (BIO 371)
- Biochemistry (BIO 404)
- Genetics (BIO 474)
Organismal Biology
- Botany (BIO 314)
- Vertebrate Form and Function (BIO 344)
- Parasitology (BIO 354)
- Invertebrate Zoology (BIO 384)
- Mammalogy (BIO 476)
Ecology/Behavioral Biology
- Aquatic Ecology (BIO 362 + 363)
- Ecology (BIO 434)
- Evolution (BIO 444)
- Animal Behavior (BIO 478)
The capstone course for the Biology major, also required of all Biology majors, is the two-semester sequence of Senior Seminar (BIO 481 and BIO 483).
The remaining required hours of Biology courses may be selected from the courses offered by the Department.
Supporting coursework required for a major in Biology includes:
- College Chemistry (CHM 151, 155, 153, and 157)
- Organic Chemistry (CHM 261, 265, 263, and 267)
- Mathematics (MTH 140 or 150 or 210)
Chemistry and Math courses do not count towards the 38 hour requirement for the major.
The Biology Department recommends Biology majors take one year of Physics (PHY 201 and 203; or PHY 211 and 213). Only one Biology Interim trip may be applied to the major. A maximum of 16 hours of Biology transfer credit may be applied to the Biology major. Only one sequence (BIO 111 and 113; or BIO 414 and 424), may be applied toward the major.
Wildlife Biology Major (38 hours of Biology courses)
A major in Wildlife Biology begins with a two-semester sequence of courses. The first, Biological Systems I (BIO 101) and its laboratory (BIO 105), and Seminar (BIO 102), examine the diversity of biological organisms and phenomena. The second, Biological Systems II (BIO 103) and its laboratory (BIO 107), emphasize those aspects of Biology which are common to all living organisms. These five courses (BIO 101, 102, 103, 105, and 107) are required as prerequisites for all other upper division Biology courses.
Other Biology courses required for the Wildlife Biology major are:
Conservation Biology (BIO 324)
- Ecology (BIO 434) or Aquatic Ecology Theory/Methods (BIO 362/363)
- Genetics (BIO 474)
- Senior Seminar I (BIO 481)
- Senior Seminar II (BIO 483)
- Internship (BIO 490) or Research (BIO 485-487)
In addition, students must pick 3 of the following courses:
- Botany (BIO 314)
- Parasitology (BIO 354)
- Birds and the Environment (BIO 364)
- Invertebrate Zoology (BIO 384)
- Mammalogy (BIO 476)
Supporting coursework required for a major in Wildlife Biology includes:
- College Chemistry (CHM 151, 155, 153, and 157)
- Statistical analysis (MTH 210 or BIO 235)
The Biology Department recommends Wildlife Biology majors take one year of Physics (PHY 201 and 203), one year of Organic Chemistry (CHM 261/265 and CHM 263/267), ENG 383 (Advanced Composition), SOC 201 (Introduction to Justice), and MTH 150 Calculus I.
Minor (five Biology courses)
A Minor in Biology consists of Biological Systems I (BIO 101), Biological Systems II (BIO 103) and one course from each of the three areas of Biology described above.
7-12 Biology Subject Endorsement
In addition to Professional Education Requirements (see Teacher Education) and the Science Endorsement Core Courses (BIO 101, 102, 103, 105, 107, CHEM 151, 153, 155, 157, PHY 201 or 211, SCI 203 or 223, and SCI 420) Students take: BIO 314, 321, 111 or 414, and one of the following: SCI 311 or BIO 434 or BIO 404 (or CHM 404).
Biology Class List
BIO 100 General Biology — 4 hours
This is an elective course designed to allow students who complete the Biology AP or CLEP Examination the opportunity to receive credit. The Biology Department will review the test scores and the written essays according to college standards and make a credit recommendation to the Academic Dean and the Registrar.
BIO 103 Biological Systems II — 3 hours
Introducing the basic concepts of unifying principles of biology. This is a foundation course for all biology majors. Topics include scientific method, biochemistry, metabolism, cell biology, molecular and Medelian genetics, and natural selection. Three lectures weekly. Students must also enroll in BIO 105. Prerequisite: BIO 103. Spring semester.
BIO 102 Biology Resource Seminar — 1 hours
Students will learn critical thinking skills by working on problem sets that require higher-level thinking such as analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. Students will also be introduced to scientific writing and resources within the Biology department. Fall semester.
BIO 101 Biological Systems I — 3 hours
Examines biological principles in action over evolutionary to ecological time scales, including a survey of major taxa and their adaptive innovations. Three lectures weekly. Although this course fulfills the LAP requirement, the difficulty of this course is intended for students continuing in the sciences or pursuing a science endorsement in education. Students must also enroll in BIO 102 and 107. Fall semester.
BIO 107 Laboratory for Biological Systems II — 1 hour
BIO 105 Laboratory for Biological Systems I — 1 hour
BIO 110 Health Professions Seminar — 1 hour
This course will investigate health careers in the context of today's health care delivery system. The undergraduate preparation for these careers, the selection and admission process, appropriate study skills, interview techniques, and course sequencing will be explored. Students will become acquainted with the various careers, and options will be provided for those unsure of their interests. Students will each develop an individual program of preparation for their particular professional school. This course is intended for freshman biology majors, or any other student planning to eventually make application for any health profession school. Spring semester.
BIO 111 Human Anatomy and Physiology I — 4 hours
A general consideration of structural and functional relationships of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in the human organism. Normal and abnormal events of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are analyzed in lecture and laboratory. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall semester.
BIO 113 Human Anatomy and Physiology II — 4 hours
Continuation of BIO 111. Normal and abnormal events of the endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring semester.
BIO 234 Medical Terminology — 2 hours
Students will study the Latin and Greek roots of medical terms: their proper pronunciation and usage, and the places, procedures, pathologies, and phenomena they refer to. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 242/342 BioEthics — 3 hours
Objectives: To understand what ethics are (or should be) based upon and apply ethical logic to situations and controversies that arise as a consequence of new technology, biological knowledge, and societal changes. Format: Short lectures on philosophical inquiry and relevant biological perspectives. Discussions on important, current issues in both medical and broader societal ethics related to the biological sciences. Activities will involve students in the dynamics of ethical decision making. Presentations (and essays for upper-division) by students on selected topics are required. No Biology prerequisites. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 304 Developmental Biology — 4 hours
This course covers the development of selected organisms. Primary emphasis is on the vertebrates. Three lectures plus 1 lab weekly. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 314 General Botany — 4 hours
An introduction to the plant kingdom with emphasis on gross and microscopic morphology, taxonomy, reproduction, evolution, and physiology. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall, even-numbered years.
BIO 321 Microbiology — 5 hours
An introduction to the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are of medical or economic importance to man. Morphology, physiology, genetics, control methods, methods of culture, and general immunology are considered. Three lectures and two laboratories weekly. Fall semester.
BIO 324 Conservation Biology — 3 hours
This course will explore man's relationship with his environment in the context of natural resource management. Topics will include wildlife, fisheries, forest, rangeland and watershed management, threatened and endangered species and the policy and laws surrounding utilizing critical habitat for T&E species. Students will develop a management plan for species of concern. Course offered as needed.
BIO 334 Mathematical Biology — 3 hours
Students will explore mathematical applications in genetics, ecology, physiology, behavior and biomechanics in problem-solving assignments. Prerequisite: MTH 140 recommended. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 344 Vertebrate Form and Function — 4 hours
This course examines the comparative anatomy and physiology of the vertebrates through laboratory dissections and lectures. Emphasis will be placed on adaptive grades and phylogeny as well as the ecological significance of these adaptations. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 354 Parasitology — 4 hours
This course will examine a variety of parasitic organisms of humans and other species. Life cycles, parasite-host interactions, epidemiology, disease processes and methods of control of these organisms will be studied. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 362 Aquatic Ecology: Theory — 1 hour
This lecture/discussion course focuses on applications of ecology to aquatic systems and seminal studies of aquatic systems that have shaped ecological theory. Students should plan to take the companion course, BIO 363 in the summer session.
BIO 363 Aquatic Ecology: Method — 3 hours
A field course based at the Nature Conservancy Preserve near Valentine, Neb. We will examine the environments and organisms of streams and lakes, with emphasis on the adaptations and interactions occurring there. We will have opportunities to study a variety of streams and rivers, natural and man-made lakes, and focus on the unique Niobrara River ecosystem. Beginning the second day after Memorial Day through the third Friday in June for 13 full days of field instruction exclusive of weekends. Prerequisite: BIO 362 Aquatic Ecology: Theory.
BIO 364 Birds and the Environment — 4 hours
The study and appreciation of birds has been a lifelong hobby and passion of many, but also provides some of the most impressive examples of biological adaptation (Darwin's finches), environmental issues (Silent Spring) and extraordinary behavior (migration). Ornithology is the scientific study of birds including their anatomy, evolution, behavior, and species identification. This class will also focus on environmental impacts of habitat destruction, pollution, and global warming on this most unique order of vertebrates. Saturday morning field trips and labs will provide students with skill in identification as well as reasons and opportunities to be active in bird conservation. Satisfies L.A.P. for life science with lab. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 371 Cell Biology — 4 hours
A detailed study of the fundamental unit of all living systems, the cell. This course will examine the structures and functions of the major components of the cell. The discovery, molecular composition, microscopic appearance, function and relationships of these cellular organelles will be investigated. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring semester.
BIO 384 Invertebrate Zoology — 4 hours
Of the 1.5 million named species of animals, only about 3% are supported by a backbone. The rest are invertebrates. They show a great diversity of body plans, behaviors, and life histories. Many impact us medically and economically (both positively and negatively), others aesthetically (beautiful and fascinating, or simply frightening), while still others have global impacts on climate and nutrient recycling. This course surveys the many solutions to survival presented by invertebrates, including those that haven't survived. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall, odd-numbered years.
BIO 390 Biology for Elementary Teachers — 4 hours
This course focuses on the methods, principles, and concerns of teaching biology in the elementary school. A survey of basic biological concepts and unifying principles as well as the incorporation of professional and Nebraska K-12 Science Standards are also emphasized. Required simulated and field experience activities may also be scheduled outside of the regular course meeting times. Three lectures, and three one-hour laboratories weekly. Candidate must be admitted to the Teacher Education Program. Fall semester.
BIO 404 Biochemistry I (also CHM 404) — 4 hours
The first half of a two-semester biochemistry sequence, this course will examine basic principles of biochemistry, including structures and functions of biological molecules and basic aspects of enzyme kinetics and energy metabolism. Prerequisite: CHM 263. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall semester.
BIO 405 Biochemistry II (also CHM 405) – 4 hours
An extension of BIO 404, this class will focus on metabolism and metabolic pathways, including detailed examination of enzyme kinetics, metabolic regulation, and biochemical aspects of gene function and regulation. The laboratory will consist primarily of long-term, problem-based research investigations. Prerequisite BIO 404. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring semester.
BIO 414 Medical Anatomy & Physiology I — 4 hours
Organization, function, and integration of organ systems is emphasized as well as clinical disfunctions. Topics include tissues, skeletal, muscle, and nervous system physiology. The laboratory exposes students to details of human anatomy, focusing on skeletal and muscular structures. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall semester.
BIO 424 Medical Anatomy & Physiology II — 4 hours
Continues a survey of major organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, reproductive, urinary, and digestive. Laboratory investigations focus on the principles of physiologic measurement and data interpretation. Prerequisite: BIO 414. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring semester.
BIO 434 Ecology — 4 hours
A study of the interrelationships among organisms and relationships between organisms and their environment. Ecology seeks to explain both the abundance and distribution of species, and their origins. Unique to ecology is the study of communities connected by predator-prey, competitive, mutually beneficial, and parasitic interactions. We will study local flora and fauna as well. Much of ecology has implications for the survival of our species and our stewardship of others. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall, odd-numbered year.
BIO 444 Evolution — 3 hours
A study of the factors in the continuity and modification of life through time; hereditary basis of evolution; effect of environmental change; diversity and the origin of life on earth. Theories of evolution from Lamarck and Darwin to the modern synthesis and theories on extinction will also be considered. Three lectures weekly. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 459 Molecular Biology — 4 hours
A detailed examination of the structure, replication, expression, and regulation of genes in viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Prerequisite: BIO 474 OR permission of the instructor. Spring odd-numbered years.
BIO 464 Immunology — 3 hours
An introduction to the discipline and study of the basic mechanisms of the vertebrate immune system. Investigation will focus on the development and physiology of the immune response. The application of immunologic principles to diagnostic, therapeutic, and research techniques will be addressed throughout the course. Three lectures weekly. Spring, even-numbered years.
BIO 474 Genetics — 4 hours
A study of the mechanisms underlying the process of heredity including classical, molecular and population genetics. The patterns of inheritance in cells, individuals and populations will be considered, with an emphasis on classical genetics and cytogenetic processes. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Fall semester.
BIO 475 Cell Physiology — 3 hours
Cell Physiology is an advanced course examining the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of cellular processes, specifically those involved in coordinating the individual activities of cells in a multi-cellular organism. Special emphasis will be placed on mechanisms of cellular communication and specialization. Prerequisite: BIO 371 Cell Biology. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 476 Mammalogy — 4 hours
Classification, evolution, distribution, and life history of mammals with emphasis on plains species. The laboratory will concentrate on identification of Nebraska species, collection techniques and unique life history patterns. Three lectures and one laboratory weekly. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 478 Animal Behavior — 4 hours
The behavior of the individual is a manifestation of that species' "behavioral repertoire" the "what" of behavior. The "how" involves physiology, sensory capabilities, anatomy, and biochemistry. The "why" explores the selective advantage of the behavior in ecological and evolutionary terms. Tools used in animal behavior range from DNA analysis to binoculars and notepads. Three lectures weekly. Lab meets weekly March through April and culminates in a 5-day field trip in early May. Spring, odd-numbered years.
BIO 481 Senior Seminar — 2 hours
This course will involve student research on an approved biological topic. Techniques of biological research, scientific writing, editing of scientific writing, and formal presentation of results will be discussed and analyzed. Fall semester.
BIO 483 Senior Seminar — 1 hour
This course will involve formal presentation of a biological research paper and techniques of critiquing oral and written scientific works. Must be taken consecutively with BIO 481. Spring semester.
BIO 485 Senior Research Project — 0-2 hours
This course provides an opportunity for the student to pursue a biological research subject of their own design. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing and permission of the instructor. Each semester.
BIO 486 Senior Research Project – 0-2 hours
This course provides an opportunity for the student to continue in a research project for a second semester. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing and permission of the instructor. Each semester.
BIO 487 Senior Research Project – 0-2 hours
This course provides an opportunity for the student to continue in a research project for a third semester. Prerequisites: Junior or Senior standing and permission of the instructor. Each semester.


text: Developed toward the latter half of 19th century, promotional posters began to appear for the now huge network of railways supporting Britain's rapidly developing tourism industry. Whilst the earliest posters were laden with information and light on artwork, the shift to marketing holidays meant that art was needed to sell the image of glorious sun-soaked beaches and countryside. It is for these reasons that the highly distinctive nature of the posters emerged in the relative affluence of the 1920s. This "golden age" of the railway poster was marked by the adoption of Art Deco style. Similarly it was in this period that the big four railway companies; LNER, GWR, Southern Railway and LMS, all developed their own distinct styles, with in house artists giving each network discernible features. Yet despite differences all posters retained a marked design quality mixed with a British sense of humour. Browse our range by region or by railway network to find one you love.