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Though some people were super stoked to see Ed Sheeran on Game of Thrones, some were not...
Crooner Ed Sheeran landed a small role on the opener of Game Of Thrones, but some who are, as they describe it, "forced" to listen to Ed Sheeran on a daily basis, were not thrilled that they couldn't escape the singing Ginger. Tweets below the scene, and pre-warning, there's a *gasp* bad word in one.
Game of Thrones: Season 7 Episode 1 Clip: Arya and Ed Sheeran (HBO)
Watch Ed Sheeran on the Season 7 premiere of Game of Thrones. Game of Thrones airs on HBO on Sundays.
Stassi Schroeder on Twitter
I'm forced to listen to ed sheeran songs 67 times a day bc it's the only shit on the radio & now my #Gameofthrones isn't even a safe place.
Julie Munn DeCintio on Twitter
The GoT scene with Ed Sheeran had me like https://t.co/Mw16MSim5n
mah ree nah on Twitter
I've believed in dragons, fire gods, & corpse armies but Ed Sheeran turning to camera to say "it's a new one" was a bit much. #GameOfThrones
It's hard out there for a ginger.


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Slender, stylish and sexy, but enough about the Pocket-lint team. These adjectives are also rather apt for Onkyo's Mini Hi-Fi Receiver.
Featuring a DAB+ tuner with the ability to preset 40 digital radio stations, the Onkyo Mini Hi-Fi Receiver is available in black or silver with dials to match and a subwoofer pre-out.
Onkyo has kitted it out with all manner of music attributes too. There's the front facing CD tray, the obligatory iPhone and iPod dock, FM tuner and a USB port that can be paired to any flash-memory storage device, all of which can be controlled from your sofa via the boxed in remote control.
Onkyo's receiver can also be plugged into a PC or Mac enabling remote-control access for the likes of iTunes, Spotify and any movies you have downloaded to your computer.
The Onkyo Mini Hi-Fi Receiver will be sold on its own for £250 from August, though it will also be able to be purchased with two D-055 two-way speakers though Onkyo hasn't said how much extra this will cost.
Do you like the sound of the Onkyo Mini Hi-Fi Receiver? Let us know in the comments below.

subset: commoncrawl


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Zelkova abelicea
|Scope: Global, Europe & Mediterranean
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
Quercus abelicea Lam.
|Taxonomic Source(s):
|The Plant List. 2017. The Plant List. Version 1.1. Available at: http://www.theplantlist.org/.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Endangered B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Kozlowski, G., Frey, D., Fazan, L., Egli, B. & Pirintsos, S.
|de Montmollin, B. & Bilz, M.
|Bazos, I. & Delipetrou, P.
Zelkova abelicea is endemic to Crete where it has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 2,094 km² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 64 km². The population is regarded as severely fragmented as even within the biggest distribution area, the Levka Ori mountains, several subpopulations are highly isolated. There is a continuing decline in its habitat due to soil erosion caused by trampling livestock. Overgrazing by goats and sheep furthermore hinders the species' development to fruiting and mature trees and therefore a decline in mature individuals can be assumed. Hence, this species is considered as Endangered.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|This species is endemic to the island of Crete. There are over 40 stands/populations of Z. abelicea, occurring in all four main mountain ranges of Crete: Levka Ori, Psiloritis (Ida Mountains), Dhikti and Thripiti. The majority of them are growing in the Levka Ori, with more than 30 stands. The second most important area is the Dhikti range with nine known populations. In the Psiloritis range there are nowadays only two known populations: one on the northern slopes of Mt. Kedros and the second in the Rouvas Forest. In the fourth mountain chain, Thripiti, there is only one small population. The occurrence of Z. abelicea in all four main Cretan mountains was already known to the scientific community in the past: in the Levka Ori probably already in the 18th century; in the Dhikti Mountains in the second half of the 19th century; on the Kedros Mountain and in the Rouvas Forest in the first half of the 20th century. The highly isolated and small population in the Thripiti Mountains was discovered later, probably in the second half of the 20th century (Kozlowski et al. 2012b). The present distribution of Z. abelicea (1993-2010) covers almost exactly the historical occurrences. Thus, no dramatic shifts in distribution during the past 300 years could be demonstrated. However, several isolated populations, at Letka Ori and Kissamos, where the species was known to exist before 1930, could not be confirmed (Rechinger 1943).
The global EOO of the species is 2,094 km² and the AOO covers 64 km². The biggest part of the AOO is located in the Levka Ori with 81.2%, followed by 18.5% in the Dhikti range, and 0.3% in the remaining three regions.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Greece (Kriti)
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|Zelkova abelicea can be found as normally growing individuals with a crown, flowering, producing fruit and with leaves 1.5-6 cm long. Shrubby dwarfed individuals are very common, often with multiple stems, dense growth and leaves <2 cm, mainly due to grazing and probably water stress in some areas. Dwarfed shrubby individuals are in fact much more frequent than normal growing individuals and can form dense thickets in some areas. With a few exceptions in Levka Ori Mountains, the populations of Z. abelicea are actually totally dominated by dwarfed individuals. This is especially pronounced in relatively small and isolated populations (e.g. Thripiti with no normally developed trees at all). In the Psiloritis, Dhikti and Thripiti Mountains, the proportion of dwarfed trees is between 90 and 100%. Normally developed trees, thus, are in a majority of populations very rare. According to recent field observation only fully developed trees can produce fruits (Fazan et al. 2012, Kozlowski et al. 2012b). The density of Z. abelicea per hectare is relatively high (1,327.5 individuals/ha). However, since the majority of trees are severely browsed and dwarfed, the average number of large trees per hectare is very low (27.5 individuals/ha). According to estimations of Kozlowski et al. (2012b), there might be more than 1,000,000 severely browsed and dwarfed Z. abelicea individuals in all four mountain ranges across Crete, the majority in the Levka Ori. Although only a small proportion of Z. abelicea stands is formed by large trees, there still might be as much as 20,000 normally developed and fruiting individuals. Here again, the majority of normally developed trees probably exist in the Levka Ori.
Recent study of Fazan et al. (2012) demonstrated that dwarfed and severely grazed trees of Z. abelicea can attain high ages (>500 yr.) and that dwarfed individuals often surpass in number and age their normally growing counterparts of the same population. These findings change significantly our perception of population age structure in human influenced forest remnants in Mediterranean landscapes. Furthermore, the sexual reproduction (flowering and fruiting) of Z. abelicea is not a problem of age, apart for very young immature trees, but is mainly influenced by the level of grazing and/or other disturbances. Only normally growing non-grazed trees are reproducing sexually. Thus, some dwarfed, severely grazed and very old individuals reproducing only vegetatively may not have the same genotype as large fruiting trees of the same population. Future conservation efforts and management strategies will need to include both forest remnants with normally growing trees and populations composed of dwarfed grazed individuals.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|Zelkova abelicea often grows in mixed stands with Acer sempervirens, Quercus coccifera and occasionally Cupressus sempervirens, on north-facing slopes, as well as in or around sinkholes where soil moisture is most abundant, soil conditions are most favourable and water supply most adequate and relatively constant (Egli 1997, Søndergaard and Egli 2006). Z. abelicea also grows in or around rocky river beds or gullies which are dry during summer but where humidity tends to remain in the subsurface and at high elevations (>1,500 m asl) on south-facing slopes. Z. abelicea propagates vegetatively by producing new shoots (suckers) from the roots of old plants. Seed production exhibits masting behaviour (large production of sound seeds every three years). Seed germination is slow at low temperatures (5 - 10°C) and is inhibited at higher temperatures (Fournaraki 2010). The dispersal units of Z. abelicea are short annual shoots with dry leaves still attached, which fall off together with a few fruits, usually in autumn. It is concluded that the shoots act to assist wind dispersal of the fruits.
Z. abelicea grows between 900 and 1,800 m a.s.l., which corresponds to the upper timberline in the Cretan mountains (Egli 1997). The species reaches its highest elevation (c. 1,800 m asl) in the Levka Ori, where it was observed at 1,760 m asl (close to Eligas Gorge) by Rackham and Moody (1996) and 1,780 m asl at Pachnes by Egli (1997). In the Dhikti Mountains it also reaches the timberline (c. 1,600 m asl) whereas in smaller and lower mountain chains (e.g. Kedros, Thripiti) it grows at 1,350 m asl at the maximum. Thus, the species is one of the highest elevation trees on the island, lying in supra- and oro-Mediterranean mixed discontinuous woody stands dominated by evergreen and deciduous broadleaved trees (Søndergaard and Egli 2006). As a rule, the highest and at the same time strongly isolated stands, as those close to the Eligas Gorge, should merit special conservation efforts.
|Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat:
|Use and Trade:
|As with many other tree species in Crete, it has been logged since ancient times for its valuable timber, and its original distribution certainly diminished due to anthropogenic activity. To the present day, Z. abelicea provides stock fodder and its branches are often used for the production of walking sticks through pollarding and in handicraft (Rackham and Moody 1996).
|Major Threat(s):
|The most important pressure in all investigated populations is the overgrazing and browsing through livestock. Soil erosion is the second most important disturbance - clearly correlated with intensive trampling and grazing. Sheep and goats destroy seedlings and saplings thus diminishing sexual regeneration. Although the plant regenerates well by suckering, these clonal populations may never produce mature trees or seeds. The last decades a flourishing trade of walking sticks made from Zelkova wood has developed and this has led to increased pruning of trees (Fouruaraki and Thanos 2006). The negative influence of drought during the summer months is difficult to detect during field inspection. Nevertheless, visible symptoms of water stress (e.g. dead branches without browsing, dry and brownish leaves during vegetation period, etc.) were observed. Pollarding and other forms of wood utilization seem to be marginal today, and they were only observed in plots with a relatively large number of normally developed trees (e.g. in the Levka Ori). Fires are very important disturbance to the vegetation of Crete and signs of recent burning were observed in more than 40% of the study plots. Finally, the geographical isolation is very accentuated for the single population in the Thripiti Mountains and the only two distant populations in the Psiloritis Mountains. However, several populations in the Dhikti and Levka Ori are very remote as well (Kozlowski et al. 2012b). Lack of protection and of public education may also have adverse effects, for example cutting of trees for firewood by ignorant soldiers has occurred.
|Conservation Actions:
Zelkova abelicea is listed on Annex II of the Habitats Directive and under Appendix 1 of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). It is protected in Greece by the Presidential Decree 67/81 and included in the Red Data Book (Phitos et al. 1995). Almost all of the population of the plant is included in the Natura 2000 sites GR4320002, GR4320005, GR4330002, GR4330005, GR4340008.
The current in situ and ex situ protection measures are inadequate (Kozlowski et al. 2012a, b). Ex situ conservation of this species requires major planning and coordination efforts including the establishment of well-documented collections in botanic gardens in Greece and especially in Crete. Collections should be created using plant material collected from all the mountain regions where Z. abelicea still occurs. Presently, the majority of the gardens cultivate Zelkova plants almost exclusively from the Levka Ori region, which has the biggest, accessible and thus best known occurrence of Z. abelicea. The gene bank and cultivation at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, for example, was based exclusively on plant material collected in Levka Ori. In contrast, the populations from small, threatened and genetically highly isolated populations of the Cretan Mountains (Psiloritis, Dhikti and Thripiti) have rarely if ever been used in ex situ culture (Kozlowski et al. 2012a, Christe et al. 2012). The practical conservation and propagation efforts carried out by Egli (1997) and Søndergaard and Egli (2006) provide relevant guidance. Further surveys of these collections may yield valuable findings for future Z. abelicea conservation approaches. Conservation efforts and field studies conducted by the authors could be reactivated and included in local conservation action plans, ideally in collaboration with botanic gardens and/or other relevant scientific institutions in Crete (Kozlowski et al. 2012a).
The Forest Directorate of Chania, which is responsible for the largest part of the population, has attempted to fence some areas unsuccessfully due to conflicts between landowners and shepherds but has had one successful operation against illegal trading (Fournaraki and Thanos 2006).
Much more attention should be given to the following disjunct populations: (1) Afendis Kavousi, the only populations in the Thripiti Mountains; and to both of the remaining populations of the Psiloritis Mountains: (2) Kedros, and (3) Rouvas Forest. Furthermore, a fourth population growing at the highest elevation on Crete in the vicinity of the Eligas Gorge (potentially well adapted to the extreme and changing environmental conditions), should also be considered as a conservation priority. Additional and very important reason to protect these isolated populations is the fact that Z. abelicea has an unexpected high variability that is additionally structured according to the four mountain ranges in the island (Christe et al. 2012). Thus, each mountain range possesses unique genetic compositions and should be treated as independent conservation unit.
|Kozlowski, G., Frey, D., Fazan, L., Egli, B. & Pirintsos, S. 2012. Zelkova abelicea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T30319A17701987. . Downloaded on 19 August 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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Go Back: Home > Earth Island Journal > Issues > Autumn 2012 > Features
Hunt, Fish… and Save the Planet
Greens with Guns: How can the values of hunters and anglers fit within an environmentalist ethic?
On some evenings, I hear the honking music of Canada geese as they fly over my house in central Wisconsin.
"Do we hunt them, Daddy?" asks my five-year-old son. He has eaten geese that I killed, as well as venison, salmon, trout, quail, duck, and pheasant that I have shot or caught. I tell him that we do hunt them, but we must wait until hunting season.
Paintings by Ross B. Young, www.rossyoung.com
Later I hear the trilling bugle of sandhill cranes flying over the treetops. The long, gangly birds pass by within
shotgun range. My son asks if we can hunt them, too.
"Maybe," I reply.
"How do you mean maybe?" He is at the stage where he asks many questions. Some of them are ones that I cannot answer.
This spring Republican state Representative Joel Kleefisch of Oconomowoc, Wisconsin introduced a bill to allow the hunting of sandhill cranes, a species that has not been hunted in the state since the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918. Like many wildlife conservation laws passed in the early part of the last century, the law was a reaction to the grotesque amount of market hunting that almost wiped out the buffalo, exterminated the passenger pigeon, and pushed vast numbers of other waterfowl and wildlife to the brink of extinction. The act lists 171 species as game birds – birds that have been traditionally hunted. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is in charge of determining which of those birds can be legally hunted each year.
What was a game bird in 1912 may or may not be a game bird in 2012. As explained on the USFWS website: "In actuality, the Fish and Wildlife Service has determined that hunting is appropriate only for those species for which there is a long tradition of hunting, and for which hunting is consistent with their population status and their long-term conservation. It is inconceivable, for example, that we will ever see legalized hunting of plovers, curlews, or the many other species of shorebirds whose populations were devastated by market gunners in the last decades of the nineteenth century."
Sandhill cranes are on the list of species that can be hunted only in certain parts of the United States. In the 1936 there were just 25 breeding pairs of sandhill cranes in Wisconsin, with similarly depressing numbers in most other states. Aldo Leopold, the Wisconsin author of A Sand County Almanac, wrote about how habitat destruction, mostly logging and clearing meadows for farming, had decimated the crane population: "The cranes were hard put, their numbers shrinking with the remnants of unburned meadow. For them, the song of the power shovel came near being an elegy. The high priests of progress knew nothing of cranes, and cared less."
Today, sandhills are the most populous species of crane worldwide. Across North America there are six subspecies that nest in different regions and use different flyways. The cranes in Wisconsin are of the greater sandhill subspecies and are part of what the USFWS calls the Eastern Population, which numbers around 72,000 birds. The Mid-Continent Population is the largest and is estimated to have 450,000 to 500,000 cranes.
Like Canada geese, once low in numbers and now spilling into parks and golf courses, sandhills are a wildlife conservation success story. But with increased numbers comes an increase in human interest, most of which, at least from the cranes' point of view, is undesirable. Farmers in Wisconsin have complained of cranes raiding their crops and have sought permission to shoot them. Hunters in the state have also noticed the higher number of cranes. There are sandhill crane hunting seasons in Canada, Mexico, and 15 US states, including next-door Minnesota. New Mexico and Alaska have been hunting them since 1961. So, hunters want to know, why not Wisconsin?
Proposed hunts of iconic species create controversy. There are few complaints about hunting invasive hogs or pythons, or catching the Asian carp that are taking over the Great Lakes. But when Wisconsin legislators decided to allow hunting of the timber wolf – a symbol of rugged wilderness – environmental organizations, animal rights groups, and some Native American tribes packed public hearings to protest the move. A two-year legal battled preceded the state's 2003 move to allow a hunting season for the mourning dove, the Christian symbol of peace and the official state symbol of peace in Wisconsin.
The proposed hunting of the sandhill crane, an elegant symbol of longevity and fidelity, has generated similar uneasiness. Hunting organizations are in favor of a hunt, arguing that the cranes' numbers are healthy enough to allow shooting. Some conservation groups, including the Audubon Society, are opposed. Other environmental organizations – among them the Wisconsin chapter of the Sierra Club – have maintained a studied neutrality on the issue. Although the dispute involves a single species in just one place, it is emblematic of the larger tensions that have existed between hunters and anglers and self-identified environmentalists for at least a generation. The clash over Wisconsin's sandhill cranes is another test of how – or, to some, even whether – the values of hunters can fit into an environmental ethic.
Caught in the middle of the Wisconsin crane-hunting controversy is the International Crane Foundation. The organization has its headquarters in the state and raises cranes in captivity at its facility in the rolling Baraboo Hills of central Wisconsin. The cranes are from all over the world and many are endangered or threatened. Kate Fitzwilliams, the foundation's PR person, gave me a tour of the place one day this summer. As she showed me the center's various pens and ponds, Fitzwilliams expressed frustration about the difficulty of explaining the ICF's position on the proposed crane hunt. The public image of the organization is all about protecting cranes, yet the group is not categorically against the act of hunting the birds. "I don't like the word 'neutral,'" she said. "But we're neither for nor against it. We're trying to bring people together and work with both sides."
As an ecology-minded hunter, I know it's not so easy to remove emotion from the craft of stalking a creature, killing it, eating it.
The organization's delicate position on the issue was on display in a letter from ICF president Rich Beilfuss that appeared in the group's May newsletter. "ICF could adopt a position against sandhill hunting based on emotional and spiritual values, which do matter," Beilfuss wrote. "However, the benefit of ICF's approach to the issue of crane hunting is that we can do more for crane and wetland conservation by maintaining our balanced position, especially in the long-run, than we can accomplish by directly opposing hunting at this time."
He concluded: "I hope we can maintain the difficult but very real balance that allows ICF to continue to draw together environmentalists, hunters, farmers, and all who care deeply about the land."
Beilfuss's carefully crafted statement reveals much about the difficulty of holding hunters and environmentalists in the same big tent of conservationism. Clearly the ICF wants to maintain the passion and commitment of its core supporters, who hold the crane in reverence. At the same time, the group doesn't want to alienate potential allies such as hunters – people who also have a special relationship with the birds and, just as important, a relationship with the wild and not-so-wild places where the birds live.
For Bryant Tarr, this tension is especially acute. Tarr's title at the ICF is Curator of Birds. So naturally he looks at the situation from the points of view of a crane-lover, a birder, and an ecologist. But Tarr is also a hunter. For the past 31 years he has been a falconer. He flies captive red-tailed hawks and goshawks after cottontail rabbits, ducks, pheasants, and gray squirrels.
"I've thought a lot over my hunting lifespan about how people make decisions about what is hunt-able and what isn't," he told me. "It's all a human construct. If you travel the world, you find out that over here, they hunt and eat this kind of thing. And over there, that's a revered creature that would never be touched. The thing that derails us all the time is emotions. I think virtually all hunting decisions have to be completely separate from emotions and based on science, based on biology, and based on sustainability – not whether you would choose to hunt that animal or not. Is it feasible to allow a hunting season on that animal and, if so, what would the sustainable levels be and what would that mean for the life history of the animal?"
As an ecology-minded hunter, I agree. I also know that it's not so easy to remove emotion from the craft of stalking a creature, killing it, eating it – and wanting to preserve it for future generations.
I go to the shooting range on hot summer afternoons. Without practice, my shooting skills become weak and I risk making a poor shot in the field. I've been warned against this by, among others, John Muir. In Edwin Way Teale's The Wilderness World of John Muir, the Sierra Club founder is quoted saying: "Making some bird or beast go lame the rest of its life is a sore thing on one's conscience, at least nothing to boast of, and it has no religion in it."
I don't want such a thing on my conscience, and to make sure a bird or beast does not suffer, I practice shooting. Practicing to become a better marksman is an expensive endeavor. My money goes up in smoke but there is one part of that expense that I can live with: Part of the cost of my shotgun shells goes toward wildlife conservation projects. This year is the 75th anniversary of a tax that is paid for by hunters to help preserve wild habitat. The benefits go not just to hunters, but also to the public at large, and they are uncountable.
In 1937, Congress passed the Pittman-Robertson Act, also known as the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. It put an 11 percent excise tax on firearms, ammunition, and bows and arrows. The money is distributed throughout the states and used for wildlife restoration projects. The law also requires that the money generated from state hunting licenses be earmarked for such projects. The program has generated $12 billion for conservation programs since its inception.
After the horrors of destroying the buffalo and other species, American hunters were among the first to call for restraint and for laws to limit the numbers of game animals or birds that could be taken. In one of his essays, the renowned writer and outdoorsman Jim Harrison refers to this concept as "a predator husbands its prey." It is the idea that the hunter is the respectful caretaker of the game that is pursued.
For some, this notion of conservation may seem a contradictory idea. Why look after the well-being of an animal if you intend to hunt and kill it? For hunters and anglers, however, the idea makes perfect sense. A conscientious hunter stewards the wild just as a smart farmer stewards her land, making sure that today's harvests do not outstrip tomorrow's. That is easy enough to comprehend. Much more difficult to grasp are the realities of destruction and extinction. If habitat is lost, all is lost. If a dying wetland will not hold ducks, it will not hold turtles, snakes, or egrets. A plowed-up grassland will not hold prairie chickens, nor will it hold songbirds or badgers. A poisoned stream will not hold trout and it will not be fit for a hiker to drink from. Without habitat protection, there will be no hunting or fishing – or much of anything else that is good in the natural world.
This ethic of mindful stewardship and the hunter's legacy of wildlife habitat protection are evident at the place where I shoot my rounds of skeet. On the clubhouse walls are old-time black and white photos of past members doing rehabilitation work on trout streams and helping in sturgeon restoration projects. This shooting range isn't called a gun club. Its formal name is the Waupaca Conservation League.
One of the most important conservation alliances was, famously, between a big game hunter – President Theodore Roosevelt – and an ecologist – John Muir. When they camped together in Yosemite Valley, hunting and fishing were entirely unregulated and out-of-control logging and mining was destroying great swaths of the continent. Citizens responded to the wholesale rape of the wild by forming groups like the Sierra Club (1892) and the Audubon Society (1905). Congress – spurred by Roosevelt – did its part by passing the Antiquities Act, establishing the US Forest Service, and creating the National Park system, "America's Best Idea," in the words of filmmaker Ken Burns.
In the 1930's, prairie topsoil blew away, wetlands ran dry, and unknown numbers of fish and birds perished during the horror of the Dust Bowl. The devastation forced Americans to rethink how to care for the land. The zeitgeist of the era was summed up in the political cartoons of Jay Norwood (Ding) Darling. With his pen he attacked overhunting, river pollution, poor farming practices, and other environmental subjects. One of his cartoons was titled: "How Rich Will We Be When We Have Converted All Our Forest, All Our Soil, All Our Water Resources and Minerals to Cash?"
In 1936, Darling and others established the National Wildlife Federation. Hunters and anglers formed their own groups to conserve habitat and have a political voice in the management of public lands and waters. Ducks Unlimited was created in 1937, soon followed by Delta Waterfowl, Pheasants Forever, the Mule Deer Foundation, Trout Unlimited, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and many others.
In the mid-twentieth century, the relationship between hunters and conservationists was all but seamless. At that time, protecting the environment meant protecting the wild, which also, of course, meant preserving habitat for fish and game. An outdoorsman, to use the language of the era, was synonymous with what today we call environmentalists.
Then things changed. In the 1960s, following the success of Silent Spring, environmentalists turned their attention to addressing the dangers of industrial pollution. Wilderness conservation – though still important – became one of just many concerns. Other movements emerged: eco–anarchy, deep ecology, anti-nuke, sustainable agriculture, population freeze. Hunters and environmentalists still shared the same goals of protecting clean air and water, preserving wilderness areas and wildlife habitat, and stopping unreasonable development. Yet a cultural rift began to open between the two.
There isn't any single reason why hunters and environmentalists diverged; several factors were at play. The movement of people into the cities, which led to a decline of hunters, was one. The rise of a distinct animal rights movement within the broader environmental movement was another. The specialization of environmentalism into sub-issues not immediately related to wilderness protection – urban ecology, anti-whaling campaigns, climate change mitigation – exacerbated the split. Gun ownership controversies that often portrayed hunters in a poor light didn't help. By the 1980s, too many environmentalists and hunters could see each other only through the lens of cheap stereotypes: the tree-hugging, bunny loving environmentalists versus the blood thirsty, Bambi-killing redneck hunters.
As an environmentally minded hunter, this distrust pains me. Especially because I know that the division is so artificial. Despite the stereotypes, there is a quiet tolerance and respect for each other that bridges the tired biases and offers an opportunity to work together. Some groups that have been labeled as anti-hunting have always been neutral on the subject. Audubon has never been against hunting in general, though some local chapters oppose hunting certain types of birds. The Sierra Club created the Sierra Sportsmen Network to harness the passion of hunters and anglers. The Nature Conservancy, a powerhouse protector of wild lands, "does not take a formal position either for or against hunting or fishing" and allows hunting and fishing on some of its properties.
A good example of hunting groups and environmental organizations working together to reach a shared goal occurred in June at the Conboy Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Washington State. At a celebration marking the completed restoration of 3,000 acres of wetland habitat, a cake was served bearing the logos of the partners involved in the effort: the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Columbia Land Trust, the International Crane Foundation, and Ducks Unlimited. (Disclosure: I once worked as an editor for Ducks Unlimited magazine.) Each organization had its own agenda in the wetland restoration. ICF wanted to benefit sandhill cranes, which are still endangered in that flyway. Ducks Unlimited wanted more habitat for other migratory waterfowl. Together, they created a healthier ecosystem.
On some early mornings I string up my fly rod and fish the Waupaca River near my home. Near the parking area is a sign with the regulations and one sign that states: "Habitat Improvement Funded By State Trout Stamp." That means if you want to go trout fishing in the state of Wisconsin, you have to buy not only a fishing license but also a stamp. The proceeds of the stamp go toward making rivers like this one better for fish, for all wildlife, and for people.
On the river I come across hikers and birdwatchers on the Ice Age Trail that runs along the river; I can usually count on seeing a few kayakers float by. The hikers and boaters come for the beauty of a healthy river. Other than whatever general taxes they might have paid, for them it is a free experience. It is doubtful that they have purchased a trout stamp.
I hike downstream to a spot where the deep current runs up against a bank that doesn't seem to erode. The stream bank reinforcement was done years ago by a local chapter of Trout Unlimited. Many of those deep channels and sweet-water riffles that the kayakers glide over are the result of many volunteers getting muddy on their precious weekends.
"I fish because I love to," wrote author Robert Travers. "Because I love the environs where trout are found, which are invariably beautiful, and hate the environs where crowds of people are found, which are invariably ugly."
By the 1980s, environmentalists and hunters could see each other only through the lens of cheap stereotypes.
Of all the years I've been fishing, I've never found a trout living in a place that was not beautiful. The same can be said for a wood duck, a ruffed grouse, or a wolverine.
I head up a feeder creek covered with brush. It's a tunnel-like place where hikers and kayakers cannot go. There is no trail and it's too thick to hike and the water is too skinny to float. If it weren't for fishing, I would have never explored this tiny creek. It's often these small, untouched places – the ones with swampy earth, shin-tangle and wait-a-minute vines – that have the highest amount of biodiversity. They are the places that hunters and anglers have traditionally fought to protect. It is easy to protect a place like Yosemite or Yellowstone. It's much harder to protect a no-name stream or wetland that is in the path of development or industrial fallout.
I flick a dry fly into the rivulet and it is snatched by a native brook trout. Its colorful wormlike patterns are vibrant and it is small enough to fit in the palm of my hand. It is not big enough to eat or brag about. But for a couple seconds it is mine to hold before I slip it back into the water. The trout are bio-indicators: if the cold water stream becomes warm through climate change, or if logging eliminates the protective shade, the trout will die off. Their death will be a sign that the ecosystem is going down the tubes. For me the point of catching such a small fish is to know that they still exist in such hidden pristine places. I want them to be there.
I see sandhill cranes every day in the fields near my home. Sometimes I pull over along the road, grab the binoculars, and let my son have a look. We can see that the adult pairs now have little fuzzy ones following them though the fields. They are lovely birds.
It will take the Wisconsin legislature at least five years to approve the crane hunt and for biologists to assemble a framework for opening up a hunting season. By then the sandhills will have increased to even greater numbers. To know that they came from the brink of extinction to a population so strong that a small percentage of them can be hunted is something to be celebrated.
Will I ever hunt them? I have five years to decide. In the meantime, I will study their behavior. I will scrutinize their comings and goings, and keep an eye out for anything that is a threat to their habitat. I will be patient, alert to changes in the environment that could change the birds' habits. I will be watching them like a hunter.
James Card is a freelance journalist. He has written for The New York Times, Foreign Policy, and National Geographic News, among other publications.
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I stumbled upon your article while doing research for my own (Is Hunting Sustainable?—> http://modern-hunters.com/is-hunting-sustainable/). The historical perspective you provide, particularly with regard to the rift between hunters and environmentalists, is excellent. Thank you so much for writing this piece. Keep working to defy those cheap stereotypes.
By Robyn on Fri, March 20, 2015 at 5:35 am
One thing this piece doesn't take into account is the injury rate of wildlife in hunting. Putting aside other visceral misgivings, the injury rate is a significant aspect this sport, one that's difficult for non-hunting environmentalists like myself to reconcile.
There's a dearth of reasonable studies documenting actual wounding rates—rates of animals wounded but not recovered. But, studies which have been done point to injury rates anywhere from 12 percent to 50 percent, depending on the type of hunting and the area in which the study was conducted. Many studies rely on hunter self-reporting, an honor system of reference. If you listen to bowhunters themselves, a conservative loss rate on deer, say, might be around 10 percent. That's among conscientious hunters.
In waterfowl hunting, there are study estimates that range from 25 to 50 percent also. A South Dakota study estimated that millions of ducks and geese are shot but not retrieved each year, resulting in high amounts of cripples—not surprising in wing-shooting where a degree of proficiency is needed for shooting at living, moving "targets." Shoot times start before dawn, making identification much more difficult for inexperienced shooters who are, by law, as entitled to shoot with incompetence as are the proficient hunters. Ultimately what this means is that in addition to the millions of animals killed each year through hunting, millions more are left to suffer because of injury.
As a wildlife photographer and former wildlife rehabilitator, I've witnessed plenty of violence toward wild animals in the field, hunting being an unavoidably violent sport. You might not think about it until you're the one who comes upon one of these injured animals, or until you stand alongside a waterfowl hunting field where dozens of animals are downed and crippled in a few minutes. But bearing witness does tend to put a different spin on the rhetoric of hunting as benevolent conservation.
Of course, none of this begins to cover the far less regulated practices of "varmint" hunting and trapping, and other forms of legally-accepted shooting of animals with little or no protection, like coyotes, pigeons, crows, etc. Abuse of these wild animals is rampant and easy to document and should not be part of a forward-thinking model of wildlife conservation.
Lastly, the author mentions a critical alliance between John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt. But he fails to mention that one of our greatest early conservationists, Muir, abhorred what Roosevelt did in the way of hunting sport and was not at peace with hunting as a conservation measure. That Muir was able to form alliances with hunters despite his feelings speaks to his commitment, not to his general acceptance.
I believe the same elements of reticence will exist in perpetuity, in an uneasy alliance between hunters and non-hunters. I think it will be especially contentious as we progress toward a greater understanding of wild animal intelligence, sentience and social interaction, all of which are relevant if we're to see the system as its honest whole, not just as a collection of resources and parts for our use and, sometimes, abuse. The current wolf hunting debate is an iconic illustration of those clashes.
We're moving into an era where wildlife watchers outnumber hunters by far in the United States—71.8 million wildlife viewers to roughly 14 million hunters. A progressive environmentalism must take into account these changing ideas of what constitutes conservation, compassion and ethical interaction with the wild world, beyond and transcending what we've been practicing and believing for the last couple of centuries.
By Ingrid on Thu, December 05, 2013 at 9:27 am
Thank you for this article. I have been articulating many of these ideas for a long time, and you have done so with particular grace. You should check out the successful Colorado Nimrod campaign, which is effectively bridging the gap you address.
I'm a Michigan writer, a conservation educator, and the first woman to host an international bowhunting television program, back in the day. Drop me a line any time.
By Lydia Lohrer on Mon, June 03, 2013 at 6:57 am
I've never hunted, I've long been an environmentalist, and I'm plenty tender-hearted toward the thought of animal suffering. However, all animals die (including us), and being hit by a hunter's bullet or arrow is probably among the less cruel of deaths that occur naturally in the wild. To react with horror and denial at idea of humans, natural hunters, preying upon animals, taking a place in this natural circle of life and death, is nothing short of immature.
As an environmentalist, I embrace hunters as a natural ally, and wish more of us would do the same, rather then alienating them with strident sanctimony and contempt. Often the left is its own worst enemy. I wish I knew how to change that.
By Eric S on Thu, September 06, 2012 at 9:42 pm
Many times conservation takes unexpected turns. There is a ranch in Texas, which hunters can go and shoot scimitar-horned oryxes. These oryxes have been used to re-esblished wild populations in Tunisia, Senegal, and Chad, because on this ranch only 10% of the animals are hunted. Similar programs have been used to reintroduce blackbuck back into India, and addax back into NIger.
By Tim Upham on Thu, September 06, 2012 at 7:12 pm
I've been hunting with my family since I was just a few years old. I We have had this same conversation numerous times. The I really enjoyed reading your article and hope it opens others minds to the fact that we who hunt want nothing more than a healthy and sustainable population of all wildlife species.
By Scott Seward on Wed, September 05, 2012 at 7:37 am


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AG: Nashua couple's deaths point to neighbor since found deadBy PAT GROSSMITH
New Hampshire Union Leader
August 22. 2013 11:02AM
NASHUA – Shawn Burne, 37, likely stabbed his elderly neighbors to death in a robbery last June, but investigators say he denied he killed them in a suicide note he left and they don't have enough evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he is the killer.
Still, they say they have no other obvious suspects in the murders of William Grant, 83, and his wife Eleanor, 78. A visiting nurse found their bodies on June 17 in their Newbury Street home. They were stabbed to death.
"We're very confident he is the person who killed the Grants," said Senior Assistant Attorney General Jeffery A. Strelzin.
According to a news release issued by New Hampshire Attorney General Joseph A. Foster and Nashua Police Chief John J. Seusing, evidence police gathered pointed to Burne, who was known to law enforcement and lived next door to the Grants.
Investigators discovered property in his possession that belonged to the Grants and appeared to have been stolen from their home after their deaths.
Burne, police said, lied to detectives about his activities around the time of the murder, adding credence to his status as a suspect.
Detectives focused their investigation on Burne and continued to gather additional circumstantial evidence of his involvement in the killings while they kept him under surveillance.
They soon noticed, however, that he had not left his apartment in some time and, on June 26, they discovered him dead inside his home. He had committed suicide.
An autopsy determined he died from an overdose of venlafaxine and olanzapine, both anti-depressants, and clonazepam, an anti-anxiety medication.
Burne left a suicide note and, in it, he wrote that he did not kill the Grants.
"Nevertheless, based on the totality of the evidence gathered throughout the investigation, there is probable cause to believe that Burne killed William and Eleanor Grant during a robbery," according to the news release.
Investigators, however, said they cannot prove he killed them beyond a reasonable doubt and, therefore, the murder investigation will remain open.
"However, based on the totality of the evidence and reasonable inferences drawn from that evidence, there are no other obvious suspects in the case and today no other person is being sought in connection with the Grants' murders," authorities said in a prepared release.


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Designed exclusively for ultraslim HP EliteBook Notebook PCs, the HP UltraSlim Docking Station expands display, network, and device connectivity so you can be more productive throughout the day—all through a simple one-click slide-in side dock.


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A pair of Central Connecticut women's soccer player earned adidas/Northeast Conference weekly honors on Monday. Senior Brittany Jackson was named the Player of the Week and teammate Rosie Maguire was named the Rookie of the Week. It is the second Rookie honor for Maguire.
Jackson records adidas/NEC Player of the Week honors after a dominant offensive weekend. The senior came up with three goals and two assists for a total of seven points as the Blue Devils posted a 2-0 record.
Jackson had the hot foot, scoring all three goals on Friday night as CCSU posted a 3-2 overtime win against Albany. The forward scored two goals in the first half but saved her best for last, converting a header in the left side of the box during the first overtime for the game winner. The Connecticut product continued her hot play on Sunday in the Blue Devil's 3-1 win over Siena as she dished out the assist on the first goal of the game.
Jackson's seven points was the highest weekly output of her career.
Maguire notches her second adidas/NEC Rookie of the Week nod following another strong offensive performance for the Blue Devils. In CCSU's Friday night showdown with Albany, Maguire tallied two assists in the first half as CCSU collected the 3-2 victory in overtime over the Great Danes.
In the first half on Sunday against Siena, Maguire corralled a rebound to score the game's first goal, her third of the season, as Central rolled to a 3-1 victory over the Saints.
Maguire currently leads the team with nine points on three goals and three assists.
The Blue Devils return to action on Sunday on the road at Sacred Heart.


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INDOT is committed to sustainable and environmentally sound policies that meet the needs of current generations without impairing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. INDOT is dedicated to improved pollution prevention, energy efficiency, and air quality efforts and will continue working to decrease demand on natural resources to benefit all Indiana citizens.


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By Kristen Sullivan, MPH, MS, Director, Nutrition and Physical Activity, American Cancer Society
When Michelle Obama announced new changes to the Nutrition Facts label to a room full of health and nutrition advocates last Friday, she received a standing ovation. I had the privilege of being in the room, representing the American Cancer Society.
The first lady told the audience that, for the first time since its inception in the early 1990s, the Nutrition Facts label – that black and white chart on packaged foods that lists the amount of calories and other nutrients – is getting a much-needed overhaul.
Some of the changes to the label, she went on the say, would include:
- making the calorie text bigger and bolder so it is easier to see,
- using a serving size that better reflects the amount that people are likely to eat,
- and importantly, listing the amount of added sugars in the product – a change that health and nutrition advocates, including the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, have been wanting for years.
The new label is a huge win for consumers who are trying to make better choices at the grocery store. Given that about 55% of consumers say they often use the Nutrition Facts label to help guide their food choices, the changes to the label have the potential to make a big impact on the foods people buy.… Continue reading →


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(v) The style was originally practiced by young funk dancers and is derived from the positions people were drawn in the days of the Ancient Egyptians. It is these positions seen in these portraits that have been adopted by dancers today. So when you "tut" you change the angles of your arms according to the beat. Those who are more experienced pop when changing from angle to angle thus refining the style. Tutting is still a greatly respected move and King Tut aka Mark Benson is widely acclaimed for pioneering the style.
Check those kids tutting in You Got Served, dey doin it big though 4 real!
by Iké June 18, 2006
buy the domain for your recipe vlog


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About the Bedford Park Section of the Bronx
The Bedford Park section of the Bronx is a residential neighborhood that lies between the New York Botanical Gardens and the Jerome Park Reservoir. Distinct gothic and art deco architecture designs highlight many of the buildings in this area. The Bedford Park section of the Bronx is famous for its "education mile" with Lehman College, Fordham Prep High School, Mount St. Ursula Academy for Girls, and the High School for American Studies are all located along a mile stretch of Bedford Park Boulevard. This area of the Bronx is one of the most accessible with two subway lines running into Manhattan and eight bus lines to choose from.


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Moderator: Cartographers
thenobodies80 wrote:Oh, I forgot a thing (that only some will understand), but "You look so good in blue".
natty_dread wrote:Congrats dim for being the first to congrats.
Oh, yeah, and congrats gimil.
fumandomuerte wrote: Can I expect 2 other big comebacks (WidowMakers & qwert)?
natty_dread wrote:I was wrong
gimil wrote:Thanks guys for the kind words.
I missed being in blue and look forward to re-finding my feet and helping to make some awesome maps, again.
Happy mapping,
ironsij0287 wrote:I thought qwert was banned from the Foundry? His words, not mine.
natty_dread wrote:Well DiM, you weren't here during the Pelo wars debacle...
"Taking maps seriously" doesn't, in my book, include abandoning a map in beta for 6 months, refusing to do a simple update to it that was asked to get the map out of beta, so that eventually a cartographer had to do the update for him just to get it out of beta...
thenobodies80 wrote:DiM is right, maybe a day qwert could come back.
TaCktiX wrote: it was just the straw that broke the camel's back as best I can tell.
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My Own Private Idaho: Pursuing Ag-Gag Secrecy
by Kathleen Stachowski
— Our thanks to Animal Blawg, where this post originally appeared on February 22, 2014. Kathleen Stachowski's web site is Other Nations.
"My Own Private Idaho." You might know it as a '90s era movie, but its new identity is being forged in the Idaho legislature right now. "My Own Private Idaho" could soon be how factory farm owners refer to their holdings–places where anything goes and no one knows–if ag-gag legislation is signed into law. But according to some, it goes far beyond undercover filming in animal agriculture settings.
Ag-gag got a thorough spanking in state legislatures last year. The bills died well-deserved, good deaths–guess you could say they were euthanized–in 11 states. But all bets are off where Idaho is concerned; the Senate voted 23-10 in favor of SB 1337 (find the bill text here) and sent it on to the House. The bill's sponsor, GOP Senator Jim Patrick, is an American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) minion, according to SourceWatch. I'll wait while you grab the smelling salts. …


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Better Policies Without the Politics
If someone told you that chemicals known as PBDEs are building up in the environment throughout the United States, how urgently would you want to do something about it? What if you heard that 100 percent of nursing mothers studied in your region were found to have breast milk contaminated with toxic flame retardants? Which information would motivate you to immediate, decisive action?
In the Pacific Northwest in late 2004, both of these statements were found to be true. By 2007, the state of Washington had implemented the strongest regulation in the country against use of PBDEs—toxic flame retardants—and several other states had banned their use.
What caused this sea change? Simply put, better data and a finesse for words.
Sightline Institute, a Seattle-based, non-partisan sustainability think tank, was behind the study. Sightline's strategy was to communicate, in a powerfully human way, the importance of better policies to address pollution in the region. "We felt that testing for contamination in actual human bodies was both more powerful and more meaningful than looking at air, water, or mollusks," said Clark Williams-Derry, Sightline's Director of Programs.
Sightline's founders recognized that crafting a more sustainable future for the region would best be achieved by advancing better locally oriented information, framed through a humanized lens. The organization was also an early promoter of the perspective that a healthy environment and prosperous economy are not in discord, but mutually dependent.
Today, as communities throughout the United States grapple with the dual challenge of economic rebuilding and improved environmental quality in a politically charged atmosphere, one wonders: could this approach be replicable nationwide?
This month, the City of San Diego will mark the grand opening of its first recycled water purification facility, a significant step toward reducing the region's economically and environmentally unsustainable dependence on imported water from Northern California and the Colorado River. Just three years ago, San Diego's City Council, mayor, and leading local newspaper editorial board were vociferously opposed to the very notion of recycled drinking water.
Here again, a sea change has occurred. The catalyst? Once again, better data.
Equinox Center, a non-partisan, not-for-profit policy research and communications center, was founded in 2008 in San Diego County. The organization works to advance policy solutions for the San Diego region to achieve a more prosperous economy, healthy environment, and outstanding quality of life for all its residents. Like Sightline, one of Equinox Center's fundamental tenets is the recognition that a prosperous economy and healthy environment are mutually reinforcing.
At the same time, Equinox Center was shaped by its own community. It was founded by a group of community members united through a shared value: the desire to preserve the region's exceptional quality of life for future generations. Early on, questions emerged: what comprises quality of life in San Diego? How can it be measured? What levers can be pulled to affect it? With input from local residents, business leaders and community groups, Equinox Center identified growth challenges for the San Diego region: water, transportation, land use, energy, and a clean economy and decided to take an integrated approach, looking across these interrelated topics. Rather than playing the role of activist, Equinox works to drive better decision making by providing objective yet humanized data about these issues.
The approach has resonated. In just two years since its first staff member was hired, Equinox Center's work has garnered more than 40 TV news segments and media articles, and is financially supported by community members and corporations from across the political spectrum.
Despite their political dissimilarities (San Diego is more centrist than the left-leaning Pacific Northwest), the model for both Equinox Center and Sightline Institute is guided by the same basic principles.
First, a simple truth about human nature: while most people do indeed care about environmental issues, often it isn't until those issues are humanized and framed through the lens of their local community that the public feels connected and motivated enough to take action. (In contrast, who doesn't feel paralyzed at times by the sheer scope and complexity of problems facing us on a global scale?)
And while partisan attacks put policy makers on the defensive, verifiable data and usable, balanced solutions are music to their ears. But it doesn't end there. Just as Sightline learned through its study of pollution in its region, data alone fall flat. Data communicated through local, human stories, however, can be revolutionary.
We achieve much more by listening to other people's needs, and providing a value-added platform for them to solve problems, than we ever would by simply trying to do everything ourselves.For Equinox Center, that means collaborating with others, gathering great research wherever we can find it, and providing accessible analysis and ideas for others to use in their own efforts—be they policy makers, business leaders, community groups, or engaged citizens. Delivering them better information advances everyone's objectives for a better future.
It also means thinking truly long-term. As such, Equinox Center has realized that a vital part of its role must be to engage and nurture the next generation of leaders.
Why We Find it So Hard to Act Against Climate Change
Solving the "it's not my problem" problem.
We have also learned that being accepted as unbiased means offering all perspectives a seat at the table. Equinox Center's board of directors is deliberately and necessarily diverse; every person in the region should be able to say: "yes, my viewpoint is represented there."
Of course, the ultimate test of both Equinox Center and Sightline Institute's true impact in their regions will reveal itself over decades, not years. But the beauty is that each organization's own data will provide the best measure of success.
This "regional policy center" model will surely be fine-tuned over time. And meanwhile, if just a handful of individuals in some other community have the right mix of optimism, resourcefulness, and audacity to believe there is a better path forward for their region, who knows where it might pop up next?
In Seattle, cutting carbon while increasing quality of life.
Our nation's cities want the federal government to know that the money we spend on military adventures abroad could be better spent meeting needs at home.


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MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — The U.S. is falling short of its goals to cut Mississippi River pollution and shrink the dead zone it creates in the Gulf of Mexico.
Speaking in Minneapolis on Tuesday, Environmental Protection Agency officials said states in the river's watershed need to accelerate efforts to cut pollution from farm field runoff and discharges from sewage treatment plants.
The Gulf's dead zone, an area of depleted oxygen that's largely devoid of marine life, was the size of Connecticut this summer. In 2008, an EPA-led task force set a goal of reducing it to 5,000 square kilometers — still larger than Rhode Island — by 2015.
Nancy Stoner, the EPA's acting assistant administrator for water, said her agency and river states have worked together to come up with strategies, but that progress is going more slowly than they'd hoped.
"It's about three times the size we're looking for in terms of our ultimate goal," said Stoner, who co-chairs the task force. "It has not appreciably shrunk yet."
Each of the 12 states along the river has its own plan to help reach the overall goal. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency will issue a draft of its updated plan next month and take public comments on it.
MPCA Assistant Commissioner Rebecca Flood previewed Minnesota's plan for state and federal regulators, saying that within 12 years, the state hopes to reduce nitrogen runoff from farm fields, urban streets and water treatment plants by 20 percent. Phosphorus, another nutrient that primarily comes from agricultural fertilizers and soil runoff, would be reduced by 35 percent.
High levels of nitrates and phosphorous lead to excessive plant and algae growth, which doesn't provide enough oxygen to support aquatic life.
Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey, the other task force co-chair, said states are just beginning to tackle nitrate pollution from farm runoff. He said it isn't as simple as changing fertilizer rates because nitrogen is also in crop residue and organic matter.
Planting cover crops that absorb nitrogen, such as alfalfa, is one way farmers can reduce nitrate pollution. But farmer participation is voluntary, and Stoner said the EPA doesn't have the authority to make it mandatory.
Some environmental groups have criticized the EPA for not doing more. Last week, a federal judge in New Orleans told the agency it has six months to decide whether to set standards for nitrogen and phosphorous pollution or explain why they're not needed.
Trevor Russell, program director for Friends of the Mississippi River, said the EPA's goals are good, but changing land management practices across millions of acres will be a staggering task without federal funding or mandatory regulations.


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The Inflector class takes a string and can manipulate it to handle word variations such as pluralizations or camelizing and is normally accessed statically. Example:
returns "examples".
You can try out the inflections online at
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Quick summary of the Inflector built-in methods and the results they output when provided a multi-word argument:
work on most English nouns. If you need to support other languages, you can use
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to customize the rules used:
may not always correctly convert a noun that is already in its plural form.
may not always correctly convert a noun that is already in its singular form.
These methods are useful when creating class names, or property names:
It should be noted that underscore will only convert camelCase formatted words. Words that contains spaces will be lower-cased, but will not contain an underscore.
This method is useful when converting underscored forms into "Title Case" forms for human readable values:
When generating code, or using CakePHP's conventions you may need to inflect table names or class names:
Variable names are often useful when doing meta-programming tasks that involve generating code or doing work based on conventions:
Slug converts special characters into latin versions and converting unmatched characters and spaces to dashes. The slug method expects UTF-8 encoding:
has been deprecated since 3.2.7. Use instead.
CakePHP's naming conventions can be really nice - you can name your database table
, your model
, your controller
, and everything just works together automatically. The way CakePHP knows how to tie things together is by
the words between their singular and plural forms.
There are occasions (especially for our non-English speaking friends) where you may run into situations where CakePHP's inflector (the class that pluralizes, singularizes, camelCases, and under_scores) might not work as you'd like. If CakePHP won't recognize your Foci or Fish, you can tell CakePHP about your special cases.
In 1900, Barcelona had a population of 533,000 people,
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which grew steadily but slowly until 1950, when it started absorbing a high number of people from other less-industrialized parts of Spain. Barcelona's population peaked in 1979 with 1,906,998 people, and fell throughout the 1980s and 1990s as more people sought a higher Silk Square Scarf PALMS SQUARE by VIDA VIDA zXnO54wpp
in outlying cities in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. After bottoming out in 2000 with 1,496,266 people, the city's population began to rise again as younger people started to return, causing a great increase in housing prices. [71]
Note: This text is entirely based on the municipal statistical database provided by the city council.
Barcelona is one of the most densely populated cities in Europe. For the year 2008 the city council calculated the population to 1,621,090 living in the 102.2km 2 sized municipality, giving the city an average population density of 15,926 inhabitants per square kilometre with Eixample being the most populated district.
In the case of Barcelona though, the land distribution is extremely uneven. Half of the municipality or 50.2km
, all of it located on the municipal edge is made up of the ten least densely populated neighbourhoods containing less than 10% of the city's population, the uninhabited
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forest park. Leaving the remaining 90% or slightly below 1.5 million inhabitants living on the remaining 52 square kilometres (20 square miles) at an average density close to 28,500 inhabitants per square kilometre.
Of the 73 neighbourhoods in the city, 45 had a population density above 20,000 inhabitants per square kilometre with a combined population of 1,313,424 inhabitants living on 38.6km
at an average density of 33,987 inhabitants per square km. The 30 most densely populated neighbourhoods accounted for 57.5% of the city population occupying only 22,7% of the municipality, or in other words, 936,406 people living at an average density of 40,322 inhabitants per square kilometre. The city's highest density is found at and around the neighbourhood of
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where four of the city's most densely populated neighbourhoods are located side by side, all with a population density above 50,000 inhabitants per square kilometre.
In 2016 about 59% of the inhabitants of the city were born in
and 18.5% coming from the rest of the country. In addition to that, 22.5% of the population was born outside of Spain, a proportion which has more than doubled since 2001 and more than quintupled since 1996 when it was 8.6% respectively 3.9%.
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As an example of the data life cycle, consider data representing experimental outputs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), an instrument of tremendous importance to the physics community and supported by researchers and nations worldwide. LHC experiments collide particles to test the predictions of various theories of particle physics and high-energy physics. In 2012, data on LHC experiments provided strong evidence for the Higgs Boson, supporting the veracity of the Standard Model of Physics. This scientific discovery was
Science Magazine
's 2012 "Breakthrough of the Year"
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and Nobel Prize for Physics in 2013.
The life cycle of LHC data is fascinating. At "birth," data represents the results of collisions within an instrument carried out in a 17-mile tunnel on the France-Switzerland border. Most of the data generated is technically "uninteresting" and disposed of, but a tremendous amount of "interesting" data remains to be analyzed and preserved. Estimates are that by 2040, there will be from 10 exabytes to 100 exabytes (billion trillion bytes) of "interesting" data produced by the LHC. Retained LHC data is annotated, prepared for preservation, and archived at more than a dozen physical sites. It is published and disseminated to the community for analysis and use at more than 100 other research sites. Critical attention to stewardship, use, and dissemination of LHC data throughout its life cycle has played a key role in enabling the scientific breakthroughs that have come from the experiments.
Figure. The data life cycle and surrounding data ecosystem from the
Realizing the Potential of Data Science Report.
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In addition to development of data stewardship, dissemination, and use protocols, the LHC data ecosystem also provides an economic model that sustainably supports the data and its infrastructure. It is the combination of this greater ecosystem, community agreements about how the data is organized, and political and economic support that allow LHC data to meet its potential to transform our knowledge of physics and enable scientists to make the most of the tremendous investment being made in the LHC's physical instruments and facilities.
The data life cycle diagram outlined in the figure and the LHC example suggest a seamless set of actions and transformations on data, but in many scientific communities and disciplines today these steps are isolated. Domain scientists focus on generating and using data. Computer scientists often focus on platform and performance issues, including mining, organizing, modeling, and visualizing, as well as the mechanisms for eliciting meaning from the data through machine learning and other approaches. The physical processes of acquisition and instrument control are often the focus of engineering, or data as "dirty signals" or as control inputs for other equipment. Statisticians may focus on the mathematics of models for risk and inference. Information scientists and library scientists may focus on stewardship and preservation of data and the "back-end" of the pipeline, following acquisition, decisions, and action in the realm of publishing, archiving, and curation.
Resilience also emerged as a major theoretical and research topic from the studies of children with mothers diagnosed with schizophrenia in the 1980s.
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In a 1989 study, [11] the results showed that children with a schizophrenic parent may not obtain an appropriate level of comforting caregiving—compared to children with healthy parents—and that such situations often had a detrimental impact on children's development. On the other hand, some children of ill parents thrived well and were competent in academic achievement, and therefore led researchers to make efforts to understand such responses to adversity.
Since the onset of the research on resilience, researchers have been devoted to discovering the protective factors that explain people's adaptation to adverse conditions, such as maltreatment,
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catastrophic life events, [13] or urban poverty. Foldaway Tote Primavera by CSobral by VIDA VIDA TYuIivng8d
The focus of empirical work then has been shifted to understand the underlying protective processes. Researchers endeavor to uncover how some factors (e.g. connection to family) may contribute to positive outcomes. [14]
In all these instances, resilience is best understood as a process. It is often mistakenly assumed to be a trait of the individual, an idea more typically referred to as "resiliency".
Most research now shows that resilience is the result of individuals being able to interact with their environments and the processes that either promote well-being or protect them against the overwhelming influence of risk factors.
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It is essential to understand the process or this cycle of resiliency. When people are faced with an adverse condition, there are three ways in which they may approach the situation.
Only the third approach promotes well-being. It is employed by resilient people, who become upset about the disruptive state and thus change their current pattern to cope with the issue. The first and second approaches lead people to adopt the victim role by
blaming others
and rejecting any coping methods even after the crisis is over. These people prefer to instinctively react, rather than respond to the situation. Those who respond to the adverse conditions by adapting themselves tend to cope, spring back, and halt the crisis. Negative emotions involve fear, anger, anxiety, distress, helplessness, and hopelessness which decrease a person's ability to solve the problems they face and weaken a person's resiliency. Constant fears and worries weaken people's immune system and increase their vulnerability to illnesses.
Statement Clutch rosebud by VIDA VIDA 6pI39iZjOV


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The Piazza Farnese in Rome is home to the French Embassy. The embassy is housed within the impressive walls of the Palazzo Farnese which was the first piece of renaissance architecture ever to be built in Rome – notice the perfectly symetrical facade designed by Michelangelo who was particularly proud of his first piece of work in Rome which was heavily influenced by his orphanage in Florence which he designed a few years earlier…As recently as 2000 the building was completely cleaned up in preperation for the Vatican's 2000 jubilee celebrations. The square is empty apart from two 17 century fountains, one on either side of the Piazza. The marble used to make these fountains dates back to Roman times and was taken from the marble taken from the baths of Caracalla. The fountains are decorated with Lillies the emblem of the old noble Roman family Farnese. Nearby in the adjacent square to Piazza Farnese you can enjoy the sights and sounds of the bustling street market in Campo dei Fiori – go early though as the market finishes at 2 pm after which there is a big clean up operation to prepare the square for the evening's festivities and night life.
Did You Know? Campo di Fiori is the adjacent piazza to Piazza Farnese and is the best place in Rome to go out for good nightlife.


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Classical Guitar Lessons in Walderslade
The cost-effective way to find Classical Guitar Teachers in Walderslade.
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- Home
- Rust Encapsulator Gray 15 ounce Aerosol
Rust Encapsulator Gray 15 ounce Aerosol
Rust Encapsulator Gray 15 ounce Aerosol
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Part 1
Big compilation of BCB requests I've made.
These are old, so don't expect a lot of effort. All of these images are BCB related except 2 or 3.
Taeshi asked for this, so I deliver.
By the nine...
3some? YES! Bahaha That's fantastic Shotgun, ah love it!
asian Sandy is hilarious
Man I'm so confuzzled by this giant compilation of randomness. I wonder if some of it is allowed on Booru though (Sex toy in Sue and Moose pounding what appears to be Paulo's *** ).
This is really funny and interesting, can't wait to see the next part (hopefully I won't regret reading it )
Love Sue x Banana xD
Also, you draw tessa really awesomely.
Is it cool if I'm lost?
That's one funky looking banana Migrant :E.
What's the only character that's green and made few appearances, usually causing problems?


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Integrated Modeling using MATLAB®, Simulink® and COMSOL®: with heat, air and moisture applications for building physics and systems
Jos van Schijndel
This book presents the development and evaluation of an integrated heat, air and moisture simulation environment for modeling and simulating dynamic heat, air and moisture processes in buildings and systems. All models are implemented in the computational software package MATLAB with the use of SimuLink and COMSOL. More than 25 different heat, air and moisture related models are included in this work. Most of the models are successfully verified (by analytical solutions or by comparison with other simulation results) and/or validated (by experimental data).
The use of the simulation environment regarding design problems is demonstrated with case studies. Overall it is concluded that the simulation environment is capable of solving a large range of integrated heat, air and moisture problems. Furthermore, it is promising in solving current modeling problems caused by either the difference in time constants between heating venting and air conditioning components and the building response or problems caused by the lack of building simulation tools that include 2D and 3D detail simulation capabilities.
About the Author
A.W.M. (Jos) van Schijndel, MSc Physics; PhD Modeling and Simulation;
currently Assistant professor, all at Eindhoven University of Technology


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Given how much of this week's has had us talking about Indiana, it is no surprise that its most noteworthy poll also comes from the Hoosier State: Rasmussen tested the Senate race sans Bayh - and the results are atrocious for Democrats. Reps. Brad Ellsworth and Baron Hill would be crushed by whichever Republican they are up against: Dan Coats leads them 46-32 and 48-32, John Hostettler is up 49-31 and 46-27 and even Marlin Stutzman has decisive leads, 41-33 and 40-30. If these numbers are confirmed by other pollsters, Indiana would no doubt move towards North Dakota.
Yet, it is in not certain that other pollsters will find similar results, as we already know that Rasmussen's number are in flagrant contradiction with Research 2000 released last week. While R2000 did not test other Democrats but Bayh, it did find Coats with a 38/33 favorability rating; Rasmussen has it at 54/27. (I'll pass on the other weird internal of Rasmussen's poll: How can a first-term state Senator [Stutzman] have the same name recognition as a congressman?) Given that Research 2000 had found Bayh in a far stronger position when matched-up against Hostettler than Rasmussen had found last month, it's probably safe to say their numbers would have found Ellsworth and Hill in a far more competitive position than this Rasmussen poll does.
Does this mean we should trash Rasmussen and cherry-pick Research 2000's survey? Of course not! But we shouldn't do the inverse either. At the moment, only two polling outlets have tested Indiana's Senate race and both have released surveys with no glaring problem that paint a very different landscape. (Of course, this has happened in other states, most notably in Colorado where Rasmussen and R2000 have a very different take on Michael Bennet's electability.) We will need more polling evidence to figure out what to make of all of this, and it's too early in the cycle to decide what's an outlier and what's not.
Wisconsin: To my knowledge, Rasmussen and PPP are the only pollsters to have recently tested Tommy Thompson's prospects and their results are so at odds that it is a shame no other firm is releasing a Wisconsin poll. After all, the main reason Rasmussen's finding that Thompson would start as the front-runner has become conventional wisdom is that they are releasing a survey of the state every few weeks, and indeed a new Rasmussen poll conducted this week finds that Senator Russ Feingold trailing Thompson 48% to 43%. Feingold's favorability rating is a mediocre 50/48 while Thompson's is an impressive 63/34, which is the main difference with PPP since that pollster found the former Governor rather unpopular. In any case, Thompson is not running as of now and Feingold leads two low-profile Republicans - albeit by underwhelming margins: 47% t o 37% against Westlake, 47% to 39% against Terrence Wall.
North Carolina: No surprise in PPP's monthly look at Senator Richard Burr (yet another race that is pretty much tested by only one firm). As always, he has a comfortable lead against his rivals; as always, he is very far from the 50% threshold and his approval rating is mediocre (35/35). Against Elaine Marshall, he leads 43% to 33%; against Cal Cunningham, 44% to 32%; against Kenneth Lewis, 44% to 31%. That said, those numbers are clear improvement over the December and January numbers, since Burr only led Marshall by 5% and 7%. Another bad sign for Democrats: For the first time in January, Marshall performed better than a generic Democrat, a potential sign that her campaign was catching on, but she has once again fallen behind. PPP also tested the Democratic primary, finding Elaine Marshall ahead but certainly not by enough to look like a safe bet: She has 29% versus 12% for Cal Cunningham, 5% for Kenneth Lewis and 2% for new candidate Marcus Williams, who I had not heard of before this poll.
Illinois: Internal polls are only good insofar as the other camp chooses not to release a contradictory survey so it looks like the two parties have fought themselves to a draw in Illinois. Two weeks after Mark Kirk publicized an internal poll finding him leading Alexi Giannoulias, it is now the Democrat's turn to release a Greenberg Quinlan Rosner survey that has him up 49% to 45%. Combine that with PPP and Rasmussen's contrasting results (the former has Giannoulias up 9%, the latter Kirk up 6%), and thi is one race whose polls are all over the map.
Iowa: Democrats have never thought of Iowa as a strong opportunity, but given the number of their incumbents who are struggling to lead unknown Republicans it must be jarring to see Senator Chuck Grassley with 56% to 35% lead in a new KCCI-TV poll. Combine that with Grassley's strong approval rating, and it certainly doesn't look like there is anything to see in this Senate race.
Oregon: Rasmussen has released the first poll I am aware of that tests Senator Ron Wyden, and Democrats can be relieved that there isn't yet another bad surprise. Wyden's approval rating stands at 55-36, making it hard to see how the GOP can find an opening to defeat him. However, even he fails to crack the 50% threshold when matched-up against his largely unknown opponent, Jim Huffman, though his 49% to 35% lead is nothing for Democrats to get panicked by. Also today, SUSA found Wyden's approval rating to be a respectable 50/37, which is a better spread than Jeff Merkley's and Barack Obama's.
Washington: While two surveys find Wyden with a strong approval rating, Patty Murray might not be holding on as well - at least according to SUSA. The senator's approval rating has collapsed to 43% to 50%, by far the lowest SUSA has ever found Murray in 5 years of polling. So is this poll an outlier or does it serve as more evidence that the GOP can put Washington in play if it recruits a strong candidate?
Vermont: While this open race has looked like one of Democrats' top opportunities of the cycle, Republican Lieutenant Governor would more than hold his own against a series of Democratic candidates according to Research 2000: He trails Secretary of State Deb Markowitz within the margin of error (43-41), leads state Senator Doug Racine 43% to 38% (also barely within the MoE) and has decisive leads ranging from 10% to 18% against lower-profile Democrats (Peter Shumlin, Matt Dunne and Bartlett). A major caveat: No more than 11% of Republican respondents say they are undecided in any of these match-ups, between 25% and 36% of Democrats say the same. When we account for that, Markowitz does start as the front-runner and the other Democrats have a lot of room to grow.
Iowa: Governor Chet Culver trails his chief Republican challenger Terry Branstad 53% to 33% in the latest Des Moines Register poll and 54% to 38% in a new Research 2000 poll conducted for KCCI-TV. Six months ago, those numbers would have been jaw-dropping; now they've come to be expected. The former Governor's entry in the race has made Culver look like one of the surest gubernatorial losers of the year. The one thing that could save him would be for Branstad to be upset in the GOP primary since Culver is far more competitive against 3 other Republicans (in the DMR poll, he trails Vander Plaats by 3% while leading state Rep. Roberts by 5%; in R2000, he leads Vander Plaats by 3% and crushes Roberts by a surprising 22%). While he reaches 48% in Research 2000's most favorable match-up, he doesn't break 41% against any rival in the DMR survey. Combined with his dismal approval rating (36-53), this makes it hard to see how he could survive.
California: For a year now, Rasmussen has found tougher results for California Democrats than PPIC and the Field Poll, and its latest round of gubernatorial numbers are no different since Meg Whitman forces a 43%-43% tie against probable Democratic nominee Jerry Brown. Brown does have a wide 46%-34% lead against Steve Poizner, however. What should be comforting to Democrats is that this comes from Whitman's remarkable popularity (56-28) rather than because Jerry Brown is unpopular (his favorability rating is a decent 53-41) or because the electorate has soured on Democrats (Obama's approval rating is a solid 57-42). As long as Democrats don't fall asleep as they did in Massachusetts, their attacks combined with Poizner's should at least be able to increase Whitman's negatives.
Interestingly, Arnold Schwarzenegger's approval rating is a disastrous 26% to 73% in this Rasmussen poll and 19/80 in a newly-released SUSA poll. Republicans sure are lucky he is term-limited.
Nevada: The latest numbers of this Governor's race are more encouraging than usual for Democrat Rory Reid, as Brian Sandoval's lead is not as overwhelming as usual (44% to 35%) but then again it is a survey conducted by a Democratic firm, Grove Insight. The poll also confirms just how much Democrats stand to benefit if Governor Jim Gibbons somehow manages to survive the GOP primary; weighed down by a catastrophic approval rating (20-75!), Gibbons would be crushed by Reid 49% to 33%. The survey also finds that Rory's father Harry Reid is in bad shape, however: His approval rating stands at a dismal 34-63.


text:
Utilize the Creative Tasks Option - A940 or A920.
To scan a document or image to send by e-mail, perform the following steps:
Ensure that the All-In-One unit is connected to your system and is in the On position.
Place the item that is to be scanned face down on the scanner glass.
From your desktop, click the Start button, point to All Programs, and then point to Dell AIO Printer A920 (A940).
|Dell A940 printer owners point to Dell AIO Printer A940.
Click Dell All-In-One Center.
The Dell AIO Printer A920 All-In-One Center window appears.
|For A940 users, the Dell AIO Printer A940 All-In-One Center window appears.
From the Creative Tasks section, click E-mail an image or document.
The Dell AIO A920 (A940) All-In-One Center window appears.
In the E-mail an image or document section, proceed to Step 2 and select the item to be scanned.
From the drop-down menu in Step 3, select what the recipient will do with the attachment.
In the Select a file name for the JPEG attachment: box, enter a name for the document to be sent.
Click the Preview Now button at the top of the page to view the Scan Preview.
The image to preview appears in the Scan Preview window.
If the scan preview is acceptable, click the Attach Now button.
The Choose Profile window appears.
Select the name of the profile that will be used to send the e-mail with the attachment.
Click the OK button.
The Dell AIO Printer A920 (A940)-USB Port window appears.
The Choose Profile window appears again.
Select the name of the profile that will be used to send the e-mail with the attachment again.
Click the OK button.
An e-mail with the scanned item as the attachment appears.
Enter the e-mail address of the recipient and any other information.
Click the Send button.
Support Options for the Dell A920 Inkjet Printer
For more troubleshooting assistance, click one of the support options below.
Dell Community Forum - Printers - A940 Inkjet
Get answers from Dell customers helping each other.
|E-mail Dell
Communicate by e-mail with a Dell Representative.
Identificación del artículo: SLN67056
Última fecha de modificación: 08/01/2010 12:00 AM
Muchas gracias por sus comentarios.


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As attorney general of Florida, it's a vital part of Pam Bondi's job to enforce state laws and defend them in court. She can't pick and choose only those she likes.
But she also has a duty to pay attention to changes in the law, and in the public attitudes that support those laws. The public expects elected officials to use their discretion when the situation demands it. Ms. Bondi has dutifully beseeched the courts to uphold Florida's ban against gay marriage, but she lost the first round last week in a ruling by Monroe County Chief Circuit Judge Luis M. Garcia, who ordered the county clerk's office to begin issuing marriage licenses to gay couples. More of the same may well follow.
The ruling has been stayed while the state appeals. Yet it should be increasingly clear that Ms. Bondi and officials in Tallahassee are swimming against the legal tide on the issue of gay marriage. Laws similar to Florida's have been swept away in a wave of decisions around the country, with the rulings upheld by federal courts. It's only a matter of time before this state's statute similarly is found unconstitutional.
Last Friday, Oklahoma became the latest state to have a federal appeals court rule that its officials could not deny gay couples their "fundamental right" to wed. The same panel of judges for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit had shortly before decided that Utah's ban was also unconstitutional.
The rulings are the first at the federal appellate level since the U.S. Supreme Court changed the legal landscape by striking down the Defense of Marriage Act in June 2013.
The federal appellate rulings are likely to be appealed to the Supreme Court, but the handwriting's on the wall. Same-sex marriage advocates have won more than 20 court victories around the country since the Supreme Court decision. Sooner or later gay marriage will be the rule rather than the exception everywhere, as it should be.
If there was a time when it was considered proper for the state to discriminate against gays, surely those days are long over. A Quinnipiac poll in April found that Florida voters support allowing same-sex couples to marry by a margin of 56 to 39 percent. Other recent polls show the same trend.
Thus, there is reason to believe public attitudes in Florida don't support the gay-marriage ban. Second, there is no moral reason for Ms. Bondi to continue to pursue this case; it's rank discrimination. Third, the legal underpinning of gay-marriage bans is rapidly being dismantled. And finally, in political terms, the issue is a loser as the state grows more accepting of gay marriage.
Ms. Bondi has fulfilled her duty by battling to support the law, but there's a point beyond which it becomes futile to keep fighting it out in court. She should support the move to get the case before the state Supreme Court as quickly as possible to get a dispositive ruling and be done with it as soon as possible without further needless waste of state resources.