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/TOIJ.VIIS AJsmiaTdXta ?van; nnoiao /aICna:
S0 s
S'ff /
THE VALUATION] OFi' C.AP 3-:. AT-.' AND' PROTI, ..
Intr oC .c t on.
':e have co :ercial fecci control in ";,.y .'tatost, Ibut -jo to not
have a satisfactory mnet'od for publlhing these vwiluatonis so At
will ble of .7',ratost service to the agricultural people oof the
Otate. Th1s is largely our fault. "'e huve too frequently :,s-.umed
the .ttitmdo of saying to tho ionsms.ler of feed stuffs, "If yo-, want
to underst:-ind s;:hat I say cgt a toch:n1cal erduc-tilon -o yo; c:nl! r:rRe
It outt* Asn t rule, he reno'.re1t uo[:il.il uai.Ilyrses for ..Cod pro-
duc:ts give the information neccasury o o th:; :hl:he st., Tils is
fur from enough,the ;.rouitest goodl fro, our ;,tate Ouutrol o";, comes
fr'ro the r.ora. force rarrled ,.ith Its ?;ubllcution. : long as the
re r-,xts re pr-intea In a la ,-uage thi the rave~rage consumer does not
uId ers ,::nd, theio r: rts have very llttl,-; : 01 1 force. In "ol.oida(and
the e we in trnie n iM iny other sotithern 3tateos), the qu.',roln as to the
cnrorr;cemont of' fertilizer and fr:-.d lj'" re:ts vic;r l;ir.ly ith the
consumers o0 the ;-.terial. "1o that these consumeria are co'istantly
throwing violators of thi.. kind Into the courts s ':u', if th. analysisis
i~ stat od in su.-; a u, '-r tnit the cri-nsurcr lrndLiestands trt.e onaIyses,
he kno7: -cttor ?'hotiher he wA:iits the tufIff o' not.
Peed laws, like the fortlllzer laws, are planned and In-
tended to be carried out in such a way as to give the honest dealers
and honest, anufactur.Es the broadest liberty possible, -,hlle at the
same time it Wll protect the consu or a;;.lnst fraud by the Ulshon-
est dealer or manufacturer.
It is a rather :.trange corsuentary upon all o(f; the attempts
to forj:. late laws for the :pLotctlon of the honest consumer, that
the honest corLmercial house usually al~ngs itself w-th the dishonest
dealer, We have only to go b.a: a year or .two and see hor- the
rrIrAuftccturer of innc':ticios fought the passas o of any kind of in'e
scr:ti -ide or fungicide bill. 1o know, also that when an attempt
.a; made to [.La a felrtiliser' law t ? F:orilda that practically every
fortilioer Hiouse in the "I..ate exo:rted itself, It seeLed to the utmost
to have the pa.;a;age of the law7 defeated, Te argu'iment ulied in favor
of having ; no laws for the -.ontrol of feed or- fertilizer do not nake
it very clear that the men who were opposinp- the passage of these laws
were guldod by the stand..rd of the hi;hcsst .:olv:,vs. ;c lrno'* ;:1so
that these men -heo sought hi'.rd4.st a-.-anst the pass-ae of a reasonable
law 'were the ones who suffered most from the absence of any &awv to
enforce honesty in the dealings. I Oa fully convincod that, were
it jiut to a vote of the various fertj.lizer houst-s in the tute as to
whether the fertilizer law t should be entirely 2rei alcd an! no roew-
lations h!e had, that they Toulc 1Cretty nearly vote as A u nit to repeal
the law and yet these virlous houses hau-3 pr'lrti.;lly built tbeir
fortunes on th; pyrosence of a rca.onable law. Too fr-:quently the
Sr'.:'utaWle co-om;orcial hca:es3 insist t-.hat the ana3ysos be so st':ted
tha. tlhc average mnn cannot understand them.
JUst why we should have thi-d strenuous antagonism to aIy
and all laws does not s,'orm to be vi;ry. clear. The fortill er houses.
as well as i e houses yhich fir'niah corner! cial f.-eds, in no wise have
to pay for the analysis. This comes out of the pocket of the con-
sumer, The re.,l:.tions a.e suh'-~ only as will punish dlshon.'st or
dureoess handlers of foods and fertill.e rs. Thoe fort llzer control
question h-8 boon lhrashcd out for over twenty yc..rs. '-; law-, Thile
not everything that on t ion I sh for, are r: ..r:nably .-ood. The
passage of" laas controlling the sale of c~onercial feedrn is of a some-
what r ore recent date. To a I r,'e extent, the laws in different
Ltatcs differs, lnd yet all .ae ainng nt the t-.-.; point. 3As a
matter of fact,the question as to the values o iffper)nt co'r;ercial
feeds In such a recent one that thi feeders of stocK themselves are not
agreed uron minute doet.lls, Iowever, enough information han been
collected and the general Information Ir-: on a sufficiently firm basis
to con:Ider it fairly accurate,
The question as to how we shall get at tho valuation of the
different feed elements in the -oiTmmorcial feed stuffs has e -rn od
the attention of a naber of eorianent chemists, an(v has been disanussed
for sometime, onsidorable c.i'resp!ondeRnce ban-. p'Asnod on thirn sb-
ject by our worthy Presidcnt, Carit, PR N. Bose, with other loading
chemists in the United states, Two lo years ago voliuinous correspond-
once passed botweern .;'apt. Rose and the VExperirecnt Otation of Florida,
The question hr boon thr..shed lout back and forth for several years.
About two years 6#o the qucst Inn -a taken Up carefully with out
n-:imal Indurtriallst, Pr-o'", Ocott, and thr- --hole stu:l~ect work:cd over
ruLthor thoroughly from the standpoint of the feeder, as well as from
the standpoint of the conrercial mRen. After/considerable a:.o0 nt
of study, -orrespondence .n-li other work, a pln -.ru fainLlly formulated
7;hich it seems to us is veory satisf-ctory,
" ^, *- -
It would serve no good purpo-;e to reproduce the dntaill of this
work and correspondence here, What this association Is interested
in p:.rticul;rly is the result of the labor and not the details :.? tO
how these restAts were' obtained. I r:a assure you honorable gentle-
men ;tht it is u qu;:-ton t that has roc,-,veo cureful and ioitslstent
stldy, 'The question cannot be settled correctly vlithout the o--oper.
tion of several departrants.
To Obtain Valuations.
The plan folr btalnine. vuluationis that I shall propose today
is simple and such a plain !A.du-tlon from the information that
we already have at hand that to state It will be sl-fricient,
Protein. A To obtain the valuation for the protein con-
tont, start with the valuation that nitrogen is given in the fer-
tilizer control. Tris will give a reasonauly correct anwi ret:.:;onably
constant for the price of nitr ,gen,
B. *onvort the nitrogen to protein and i'roi this get the
value per unit of protein; that is, divide the market value of nltro-
gea by 6,25 (If stated un av;-oniu, divide by 5.1404),
arbohcbdr-ateg To secure tho v.:lUition of the C:.rbohydrateS
will be nearly as simple as to get the valuation for the protein,
To proceed is this r.tter, take corn as the standard. 'Thi n product
is tuoren from the fact that it s less likely to fluctu:ate from
artificial causes, such Oan getting a corner on corn. or an unequal
distrib1titon, or even from natural causes, :,.s a partial or total
fa-lure of corn In a lartlcu.l:,r section. ;Jorn Is king of all
our T grain products, It is the most 1 _rgoly produced of all of the
cr:ins in the United rt'Ates, and is raplilly beco;ing the principal
gj ain of r n::ry other countries, notably of ;.out'i atilea
Occurylnr:. the position that corn does It naturally r:'>'ulles b
the valuation of other grain crops. If we hava a laTr.-e oat crop
and the -prices fal low, more outs :aro used and less corn, If the
wheat crop ha!'pe:ns to bu; .!hoix t and the prices of' wheat goes high.
rore corn is Used to take up, thin dofcIt, th;lus equtCll:z,.r thri market
S.price o: :,heat. The s;:r,e r tr'o of burley anm' u.he,-' grain. On
the other h-.nd, If the corn (croj, proves to be short -.irl th,- prices
rise mowhat in '.he case of the corn, v"h,:at, oats, barley, nd
even other grains, such as rice, o:r.0h In to keep the price of corn
from rising abnormally high. Taking It all in all corn ls the
one crop that comes nearest to obeying the law of supply and de-
mand, It. is the one crop that i3 so0 generally p-o~uced that lo-
cal or :(ctional failure hits little or no a :'ct in varying the
market price.
From thin general dl --::-sion it '"il be -sen that corn is
the onst nearly id:l.1 o `a ll thr mUat::rlals that we can use as a
Pror. the standpoint of the corpmi:.-atlve crop, wo find also
that corn 2ont in .. ruther sn.all amount of protein, very little
crude fiber and only a il1. amount of fat, thus leaving corn
as a food rrop with practically its carbohydrate content as the
IN ice idetucrI iln7n, factor.
The carbohydrate conbnt of corn Is very largely r:igcostible.
Flint Dent
__ 6a: analyses 86 _naiys~sj
water 11.3 10.6
sh 1.4 1.5
?otein 10.5 10.3
-ude P11r 17 2.2
Ltro,.:en free
Extract 70.1 70.4
it 5.0 5.0
Jordan, T. iP..r The Feeding i of' A"nim1, ls p 424
All v:ritlies
20, ;~iiniyses
'Carbohydrate V'.luution1,
Ai TTake the analysis of corn and from this find the pro-
tein Yuluatlon contained in It, a's indicated in section in fore-
going rara&raph,. Dub.tract *this anrount f,'fn the !-:ot of the corn
at ouaboird,
B* Oaleulate the total carbohyd.-ate8 n urnitst and uie this
as the divisor anO, the ro alinder s 'oulnd by noction cO,. us the
dividend. The Lauotient will be the unit value for the total car-
Tnis method Ls ar r.-traly perfeCt, I believe, as any that we
can no:'; c...tl1'iict.
It it not claimed that thi iIs absolutely perfect, any c~Ose than
it is absolutely correct to report the total amount of ':onia
found in a fort1lizer. We know T..erfectly well t:.at an-,onia from
hoof meal is not equal to a;.monia from dried blood ase a plant food.
Those of us who ar- in a I.Oo.d aid a G:,Ation to .-lrti ise this
method of procedure fo] findidig tl,& valuatlon, should bl;;.r in -Tind h
that tal t' they offer should be constr; active criticism and not de-
structlve xfiticizm. Any one c:n find fault with any lile of
procedure that may be tuKen up in olr fertilizer or feed c. :trol
Work, but that fault finding ; doos not help ur to any better under-
standing or any worC r tioinal method of p:.rccCd're. ohat we 'i...nt
here, today is -constructive criti:isn. We hive halted and hc.sttatted
:'nder dccstri-ctive criticism for at Vlast a dlca.'e and have made no
progress v';atu;ver, probably the only thing we have made Is that of
S a great deal of confusion, 0ie have n.ot had the cou-u -e to coT-e c.ut
and oCfor criticism that has bee:; r'ially ;.onst.ructive al.-nc this::-
line. Let us for a little while get out of this "'iockinl: iri't
an,. gct into a scientific; ..ood and hur.or and critiecse tbhl fl'rO a
const:utlivo standpoint.
2Jmo of us nay ar2lue that tMi- values of c rbohiydraten; .'cn r:lo-
rived f -' corn \ill. not be ::a-tly the r.;::i as that derived from:
svcet potatoes or r:hoat .vhon viewed fr'o the feeders standpoint,
I wish ri;ht here to t.. in'. those people th t if they ha ;one into
the bi nd Liark't dui kn in .t....'ocr tlh' w-ould havo found tht there
was very co..siderableo va-:i.tion as to th,- real interest paid by var-
. ous bonds, The lUnlte .'t..,tes CGvor ':nt bonds -7-:'1d pr:b blY
have yleldce the very lowest interest*
-' :-10-
Bonds an Septer-ber 1910.
Testern P.elfic 5*' solving at 93 'terresti 5.55
;lsscIuriI Parirc !'s ) 91 5,5
tU.f. otcel Jor!'-ration 58" 103 4.85
Ooloradi, & 2,':t? orri 4 93 4.50
Mis: ;uri.,IS, ar: 1 er 4 s o 0 5a 4.00o
T. Y. oc.!tral 4 8 a 93 l.
fSaturday .erenlng Post, aopte. emr 17, 1910.
To). thif- tatl1 we see th3t even in the r;
when ttiken front va r-lous sources, ar not selling at the s nre rrine.
Thooretically t-:ey should be selling for ,xctl-y hr nn:. r'.' y, incy, Ince
the Ijtcrcst on ,:arnin`i; po'-eCr (the olg,.ztion *c-rf-liclent) 5I abso-
lutely fl -qd.
In calculating the values for the cilffer,-nt c r.crrial --'.ufas
on the rurjr t, chetnical analyses r;ust t.) taken as the st'rnd.rd;
(a) because tris Is thU only p nrsieble balsi for Xs us to er.ploy#
The che;-int does notc he tve ttre tim nor f--cli.ticn Cor'- d'iteri.ning
the di:.." .ti';llty by our -ni'r t :,. only known i.'::'ns .Cor as ert aining
It; that is, feeding it to ntocKR. M"l:' rethod wro:1d not serve the
needs of the conFl-.er, since he v'ants to know before feeding his
stuff what t it l north a"d not Tonths fto" th9e tuff has been
,I4 l. .- ^. *
(b) The digestible carboh.rdrtes and -rotein vary in the
different samples of the sa:c:e material, that is, iuch depndy pon
the stage of development as to the digestibility of food rat:.rials
in certain plants. This can be illustrated by if'arag any feed,
The following table will serve our purpose.
Percentage Digested.
Green velvet bean vines
Dry Matter Protein Fat., Fibre N, FTee
Steer Y'o. 1 66.9 73.8 77.5 5e.2 80.4
Steer No. 2 71.6 72.8 85.1 #0.9 84.3
Velvet Bean Hay
Steer No. 1 69.0 63.0 75.1 74.0 70.2
steer no. 2 79.4 74.6 82,2 81.9 81.2
Florlda ETxricriment Station Bulletin 60,
(c) The digestibility of the same material will vary with
different animals. This is illustrated by the above table and
comments are not necessary.
(d) Toe State ,;her.ists-report the total ai:ount of am; onia pres-
ent in [itrate of Soda, also the total amo nt of nitrogen present In
Sulphate of Aro onla. ,we know, however, from careful experiments that,
especially with vegetables, the nitro.en In nitrate of coda is more
valuab.:e-than the nitrogen ITn nulrhatte of' an-onia,.
Th-- Av:lality (f t;-i Oirferent NitogKernois Iaa' lIals
S.e n *het of th.e, !itr;'to is lton ai 2100.
P9.9 1900 1- ,04t 1I
Sodium ntrate 100.0 100.0 100.0 100
.ro-lum sall'-naste ., a 77*9 87.4 64,7 70
Drioft blood ,. +. 61.3 73.1 65.2 53
?Tow Jer.sey kxrerlmtinmnt ':tatio4n Qe~'oi L, :.. 210 (1905)
W, knY.o anl-l th -t the uro or' s .. h'ite of, p~ita nh 1-" ': lte Jpof
c.r .ble 1" r~,t-,1 Inst-nces to the. t:e of r-lA:tc o- nt,.ho Tnr
a *~ -b; t't l li.S er .rirto of ( .Ataci -h : -,o--1" l r- n ,!d : I 1i
o,.'-fli, jfi n In T .t'l O Ae ;rtilje fa;l.h tu Co :0. :rf., ..o 7: u ,'rC
used as It drVelops nr,..t-m'os at .-nh:nlces :*.':inpl.n;, inilitles, Ino-
r-inile f'tlf':ts tro' felds f' t,.l..Aizc :1th i'ift, --, of' oita '-h !)C ibu t:ly
andlare Api, t.. rot J.: th- cur Thiu.o ;sc re fl-.-ts '-th ":?;1:- tbhe grl-
tourist u, :nint hirnself r;: do not "'uo a n'.or:ot '. ,* tIt .t
b ri0 ct... I-nt -,snalynor o rertilizern do not" ':.ve. '11 the
Inforumatlo wvo snoul. 11 ho to have, t0hat tu: fo It otl.' ":ctter
rnot to ihave :'-ny 'o:,tCiol at a2l ovor t:-, o rtil .1' ,'-int of the
S.aterials sold
i-,-P- CC-V
t *
1. Foed Oontrol laws are a necessity.
2, They are, or should be, a protection to the consumer.
3. The tag on coach parcel is the con uumor guardian.
4 This guardian must speak in a language, understood today
(tomorrow or ncout year is too late).
5. TEvery additional item on the tag increases the confusion,
6. It would require six items. water, ash, protein, crude
fibre, nitrogen free extract, and ether extract, on a tag to
menno it technically coneoot. Such a tag would be worse than
useless to 99% of the consumers.
7. A tag giving the percentage of protein tnd total carbo-
hydrates would be of greatest service to the consumers and
would be practically correct.
r './ Er /-
2f Bkrley 12.
2. Beef Soraps 71.
5. Boggarwood hay 11.
4. Corn 10
5 Cottaneoed aeal, bright 42.
6. Cotton seed meal, do 22.
7T Cotton ee8a (bWole) 18
8, Ootton seed bulls 4.
9. Cowpea 20
10. Oowpea bae 16
11. Gluten food 24
12. Roy feed 9.
1a. Linseed meal
01 prooeas 32.a
14. Linseod meal
New Prooess 33.
15. Oats (grain) 11
16. siee 7.
17. Rice bran 12.
18* Eye 10.
19. Timothy hay 5.
20. wheat 11.
21. Whet bran 15.
22. Wheat middlaalz 15.
23. Telvet beans in aml3t 19;
Velvet bean hea
Wire grass hlla
R. Smith Profitable Stock
.i 3..
* 1 '
^0 j oI1 9
; 1,z i.LL['.00
bb 6.. 80
r., 1 0,I .oo
a.Quarter y Bulletin xx:3
P. 67, 68 July 1,1910)
3% 3 27.00
4,. 12.50
._ ______, ~-~- -
- --
Protein Orude oager
Fibre & stM bohytatl
2f arey 12.4 2.7 69.8 1.8 Y a3
se Beef Borapa 71.2 .3 13.7
B. Boggarwood bay 11.85 29.29 42.06 2.92 o,1
4. Oorn 10.3 2.2 70.4 5.0 a29.
5o Oottanseel. meal, bright 42.3 5.6 23.6 13.1 ./
6. Cottonseed mnea, r, 22.90 20.00 37.10 5.50 )1 |9 1
7. Cotton ee9M ('6ole) 18.4 23.2 24.7 19.9 I.
Cotton seed hulls 4.2 46.3 33.4 2.2
9. Oowpea 20.8 4.1 55.7 1.4 | (D.-
10. Oowpea bay 16.6 20.1 14212 2.2
11. Gluten feod 24.0 5.3 51.2 10.6 "
18. Eoainy feod 9.8 3.8 64.5 8.3 3'99
13. Linseed meal
01 prooosa 32.9 8.9 35.4 7.9 1 ( 0
* 14. Idnasod meao
oew Prooeas 33.2 9.5 38.4 3.0 1'.)D
15, Oata (grain) 11.8 9.5 57.4 4.0 l4.
16. 91 7.4 .2 79.2 .4" 0.7
17. Rioe bran .12.1 9 5 49.9 8.8 o,,
180 Rye 10.6 1.7 72.5 1.7
19.* Tlaty hay 5.9 29.0 45.0 2.5 o ,.
0, Whea 11.9 1.8 71.9 2.1 :. ,
. ... .-- .. .. .... .---. .... ...... --------.. .... ... .
Wheat bran
Wheat inddlisgs
Telvet beans in hullt
Velvet been heW
Wire graso hbayl
H. R. Smith Profitable Stock
Feeding, yd edition 1908
.:.< 9.-' .:.
4.0 a I
4. 0
4.0 Il^ i
1.70Q q1,J
1.50se, .
Rise, R. E.
8 4
63.oo .
. 30.80
3 ~ 27.00
( i ( i & i-
rv1 w^ I6 -.0
jq;3 d ..
I, It I. oo
.- : b 4.50 .
/ bb 17 i80
Faa.Quarter y. Bule in xx:3
P. 67, .68 .July 1,1910)
LiRi^, ~^ L IC- ^^ ^^ T.
C- Al
^i>L- /^'C^-o-~-
/ 3- tI"
d;'"~2 "c (-
To work out problema.
(1) Multiply figure in column 4 by 2.25; add the product to
numbers in columns S andi 5, and multiply tho sum by 25.A and
place product in column 5.
(2) Multiply figure ih column 4 by 2.25, add the producoto
figure in column 3, and multiply the spm by 26.4 D, and place
product in column 6.,
(5) I.Iultiply flgroe in colmuin I by~ Gf. ,-nd add tho product to
si-L1n oyt-tc-n for nlunmber in column 5. co to rCoadl- in colmn'tm7.
fTHE-VALUATION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEIN
Te have commercial feed control- n many States, but 4te'
e- not hee a satisfactory method fo publishing the/ valuations
so t--w4ll be of greatest service to the agricultural people of the
State. : This is largely our fault.. We have too frequently assumed
taL LLiU e of ai to the consumer of feed-stuffs, "If you want
to understand what I say get a technical education e- you can make
it out', As a rule, the reports of chemical analyses for feed
products give the information necessary to the chemist, This is
far from enough,the greatest good from our State Control work comes
from the moral force car4ed-wi 4 publication So long as the
.reports are printed in a language that the average consumer does not
understand, the reports Ate vp y-little mor al force, In Florida,(and
-the-same is true in *a? other southern States), the question as to the
enforcement of fertilizer and feed laws rests yx= largely with the
consumers of the material. Not that these consumers are constantly-
throwing violators of this kind into the courts, but if the naltsi
t- stated in such a way that the consumer understands '~h nalryaa,-
he whether he wants the stuff or not.
Peed laws, like b fertilizer laws, ape planned and in-
tended to be carried out In such a way as to give A honest dealers
and honest manufacturOes the broadest liberty possible, while-at the
same time w, protect the consumer against fraudgo *6 Ashon-
est dealer or manufacturerS,
It is rather strange commentary upon all of the attempts
to formulate laws for the protection of the honest consumer, that -
the honest commercial house usually aligns itself with the dishonest
dealer, We have only to go back a year or two aod see how the
manufacturersof insecticides fought the passage of any kind of in-
secticide or fungicide bill. We know, also that when an attempt
was made to pass a fertilizer law an Florida practically every
fertilizer house in the State exerted itself, 14-*emff-d to the utmost-
to have the passage of the law defeated. The argumentsused in favor
of having no laws erhe control
it very clear that the men who were opposing the passage of these laws
were guided by te asandtr of the highest meaQtls. We know also
that thYse.men who bought hardest against the passage of a reasonable
law were the ones who suffered most from the absence of any law to
enforce honesty in BQ dealings. I am fully convinced t, were
it put to a vote of the various fertilizer houses in the State as to
whether the fertilizer law should be entirely repealed and no regu-
lations be had, they would pretty nearly we* as a unit to repeal
the law; and yet these \ houses have practically built up their
fortunes on the presence of a reasonable law. Too frequently the
reputable commercial houses insist that the analyses be so stated
that the average man cannot understand them.-
JUst why we should have this strenuous antagonism to any
and all laws does not seem to be very clear. The fertilizer houses1
as well as the houses which furnish commercial feeds, in no wise have
to pay for the analysis. This comes out of the pocket of the con-
sumer. The regulations are such only as will punish dishonest or
careless handlers of feeds and fertilizers. The fertilizer control
question has been thrashed out fp-ov-er twenty years. The laws, while
not everything that one .might wish for, are reasonably good. The
passage of laws controlling the sale of commercial feeds is of a some-
what more recent date. To a large extent, the laws in different
States: dfirs, ,and yet all are aiming at tho oa-me- pit. As a
matter of fact,the question as to the values of different commercial
feeds is such a recent one that the feeders of stock themselves are not
agreed upon minute details. However, enough Information has been
collectedaand the general information Is on a sufficiently firm basis
to consider fairly accurate.
The question as to how we I get at the valuation of the
different eed elements in the commercial feed-stuffs has engaged
the attention of a number of eminent chemists, and has been discussed
for some timeConsiderable correspondence has passed on this sub-
ject ~b,our worthy President, Capt. R. E. Rose, with other leading
chemists in the United States. Two years ago voluminous correspond-
ence passed between Cppt. Rose andthe erimen Station orld
The question has been thrashed out back and forth for several years.
About two years 66o the Qaestton was taken up- carefully with out
Animal Industrialist, Prof. Scott, and the whole subject worked over
rather thoroughly from the standpoint of the feeder, as well as from
the standpoint of the commercial men. After/considerable amount
of study, correspondence and other work, a plan was finally formulated
which it seems to us is ~ear satisfactory.
It would serve no good purpose to reproduce the details of this
wor~ and correspondence here. What this association Is interested
in particularly is the result of the labor and not the details a -4
btr these results were obtained. I can assure you honorable gentle-
men that it is a question that has received careful and e t
study. The question cannot be settled correctly without the co-opem-
tion of several departments.
To Obtain Valuations.
* The plan for obtaining valuations that I sf propose today
Is simple and such a Plain deduction from the Information that
we alreadyy have at hand that tostate It will be sufficient.
Pretein. A. To obtain the valuation for A0 protein con-
tent, start with the valuation t "i /L4 gken In the fer-
tilizer control.* This will give a reasonably correct and reasonably
constant for the price of nitrogen.
B. Convert the nitrogen to protein and from this get the
value per unit of protein; that is, divide the market value of nitro-
gen by 6,25,(If stated as ammonia, divide by 5.1404,o)
Carbohydrates. To secure the valuation of the carbohydrates
will be-nearly as simple as to get the valuation for the protein..
TE^-roced ja this"tiien traXe corn as the standard. This preduvt
is taken from the fatt a It is lees likely to fluctuate from
artificial causes, such as getting a corner on corn, or an unequal
distribution, or even from natural causes, as a partial or total
failure of corn in a particular section. .omn ic l- n -f all_
-Y feifi .tBs It is the most largely produced of all of the
Strains In the United States, and is rapidly becoming the principal
grain of many other countries, notably tc South America,
Occupying the position that c(rn does it naturally equalizes b
the valuation of other grain crops. If we have a large oat crop
and the prices fall low, more oats are used and less corn. If the
wheat crop happens to be short and the pricel of wheat goes high,
more corn is used to take up this deficit, thus equalizing the market
price of wheat. The same is true of barley and other grains. On
the other hand,. f the corn crop proves to be short and the prices
rise somewhat .tl hp rea@es of the onrL. wheat, oats, barley, and
even other grains, such as rice, comb in to keep the price of corn
from rising abnormally high. Taking it all in all corn is the
one crop that comes nearest to obeying the law of supply and de-
mand. It is the one crop that is so generally produced that lo-
cal or sectional failure has little or no effect in varying the
market price~..
From this general discussion it will be seen that corn is
the most nearly ideal of all the materials that we can use as a
From the standpoint of the comparative crop, we find also
that corn contains a rather small amount of protein, very little
crude fiber, and only a small amount of fat,.thus leaving corn
as a feed crop with a Its carbohydrate content as the 4i
price-determining factor.
The carbohydrate content of corn is very largely digestible.
A rn
% *
Crude Fibte/)
Jordan,' H.,
Flint Dent
68 analyses 86 analyses
11.3 10.6
1.4 1.5
10.5 10.3
1.7 2.2
70.1 70.4
5.0 5.0
The Feeding of Animals, p 424.
All varieties
208 analyses
Carbohydrate Valuation.
,A. Take the analysis of corn and from this find the pro-
tein valuation contained in it, as indicated in section in fore-
going paragraph. Subtract this amount from the cost of the corn
ealcula e the total carbohydrates in itts and e this
as the d visor and the remainder s found by, section Ye!a as the
divi The uotient will e he unit val or the total car-
bohy ates.
This method is as nearly perfect, I believe, as any that we
can now construct.
It Is not claimed that this is absolutely perfect, any more than
it is absolutely correct to report the total amount of ammonia
found in a fertilizer. We know perfectly well that ammonia from
hoof meal is not fnin ammonta from dried blood as a plant food.
Those of us who are in a mood and a position to criticise this
method of procedure for finding the valuation, should bear in mind I
that what they offer should be constructive criticism and not de-
structive criticism. Any one can find fault with any lime of
procedure that may be taken up in our fertilizer or feed control
Ba ..
B, (a) To get the factor for carbohydrate valuation
multiply the per cent. of fat by 2.25, add tLis product to the
amount of crude fibre vbd uugir aild stcrch nresott. This
sum givcs uo tho divisor. ,ho reirm.in&or as found by the fore-
going aootion is used. as the dividend. The quotient will be
the unit value for the total carbohydrates.
(b) To stLto the -'roblemo arithketioally, it works
out a.s follows:
'~t----3 .20 (vl. per unit j.'onin.) t 5.1404 62.'/, valuo
per unit of r:xotoin.
---I 10.3 proteinn in orn) = :,..41, vLl.o. of protein
in corn.
,- -.,41 = ;21.59, value e f.c.-rcb.'johyJr1.ites in corn.
: 70.4 (starch ;nd suLgfr) + 2.2 (crude fibir ) + 11.25 5.0 x 2-.)
.fat converted to carbohy.lrate Coiuivalnt 83.85
.;;21.59 t 83.85 = 25.8/, v:.l e -cr I.Mit of carbohydrate.
If we omit the crude fibre from our calculation we have:-
;21.59 + 81.65 = 26.4/, vclue 'cr unit of caribohydra.tcs.
work, but that fault-finding does not help us to any better under-
standing or any more rational method of procedure. What we want
here today is constructive criticism. We have halted and hesLtated
under destructive criticism for at least a decade and have made-6
progress vtbzds r. Probably the only tbi /we have made is that of
a great deal of confusion, We ha e noh had the courage to come out
and offer criticism that has been really constructive along this
line. Let us for a little while get out of this *knocking" spirit
and get into a scientific mood and humor and ^eLhba frtJi- from a
constructive standpoint,
Same of us may argue that the values of carbohydrates when de-
rived from corn will not be exactly the same as that drive fom '
sweet potatoes or wheat when viewed from the feeders standpoint.
I wish right here to remind these people that if they had gone into
the bond market during September they would have found that there
was very considerable variation as to the real interest paid by var-
Ious bonds. The United States Government bonds would probably
have yielded the OA lowest interest.
Bonds in September 1910.T
Western Pacific 5's selling at 93 interest 5.55
Missouri Pacific 5's 91 5.5
U.S. Steel Corporation 5's o 103 N 4.85
Colorado & Southern 41 s 93 4.50
Missouri,Kans, and Tex 41s 80 o 5.00
N. Y. Central 41s U 93 4.50
SSaturday Evening Post, September 17, 1910.
From this table w# see that even in the money market, the units,
when taken from various sources,,-are not selling at the same price.
4^i/ 1UL- /4L ^ ^.
Theoretically they should be-se for eeftyqm mony,
CA... n- C 2 oe ,
le T the digestion co-efficient is abso-
lutely fixed.
In calculating the values for the different commercial stuffs
on the market, chemical analyses must be taken as the standard,
(a) beeauee This is the only possible basis for thI us to employ,
The chemist does not have the time nor facilities for determining
the digestibility by nly nwn m for ascertaining
it; that is, feeding it to stock. This method would not serve the
needs of the consumer, since he wants to know before feeding his
stuff what it is worth, and not months after te9 att9 has been
(b-) The digestible carbohydrates and protein vary in the
different samples of the same material, that is, much depends upon
the stage of development as to the digestibility of food materials
in certain plants. This can be illustrated by taxing any feed,
The following table will serve our purpose.
Percentage Digested.
,4 Green velvet bean vines
Dry Matter
Fats Fibre
N. free
Steer No. 1 66.9 73.8 77.5 -58.2 80.4
Steer No. 2 71.6 .72.8 85.1 0o9 184.3
SVelvet Bean Hay
Steer No. 1 69.0 63.0 75.1 74.0 70.2
Steer No. 2 79.14 74.6 82.2 81.9 81.2
K- Florida Experiment Station Bulletin 60.
(c). The digestibility of the same material will vary with
different animals. This is illustrated by the above table and
comments are not necessary,
(d) The State Chemists report the total amount of ammonia pres-
ent in Nitrate of Soda, also the total amount of nitrogen present in
Sulphate of Ammonia. We know, however, from careful experiments that,
especially with vegetables, the nitrogen in nitrate of soda is more
'' t
yl # --12- -
valuable-than the nitrogen in sulphate of ammonia. j -
/44g-Sj- /UL-t^U'W 'kjt^ Q -fCa r^TtS* rz-t-eLC O<-, %- ^e //Juu^t^ O-Q x.
The Availability of the Different Nitrogenous Materials
When that of the Nit-rate is Taken as 100.
1899 1900 1904 1905
Sodium Nitrate . 100.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Ammonium sulphate . .. 77.9 87.7 64.7 78.1 -
Dried blood . .. 61.3 73.1 65.2 53.5
SNew Jersey Experiment Station Report 26, p,210,(1905).
e Know also that the use of sulphate of potash is quite pref-
erable in certain tastances to the use of muriate of potash. In
a cucumber fertilizer muriate of potash should be used as it is
cheaper; An a cantaloupe fertilizer sulphate of potash should be
used as It develops sweetness and enhances shipping qualities. Pine-
apple fruits from fields fertilized with muriate of potash bleed badly
and are apt to rot These are facts with which the agri-
culturist must acquaint himself. We do not for a moment argue that
because the present analyses of fertilizers do not give us all the
information we should like to have, that therefore it would be better
mt to have mS control at all over the fertilizer contents of the
materials sold.
1. Feed Control ]aws are a necessity,
2. They are, or should be, a protection to the consumer.
3. The tag on each parcel is the consumer's guardian.
4. This guardian must speak in a language-:,understood today
(tomorrow or next year is too late).
5. Every additional item on the tag increases the. confusion.
6, It would require six items, water, ash, protein, crude
fibre, nitrogen free extract, and ether extract, on a tag to
make it technically correct. Such a tag would be worse than
useless to 99% of the consumers.
7. A tag giving the percentage of protein and total carbo-
hydrates would be of greatest service to the consumers and
would be =. -- i. correct,
^ Kf- $y/t? Z 2
S-. cz-4 '6 .r /.- 6" ir
9 ['-,,t_ f-t 4L4 '-' t1r.- /"s-s
f ,,' / ,*^ ,'
ss,,. A L .l '- t~',,-- r ~-- -
.. o,-, L*,.-^'F ^.-. ,
I.H. RoL T o.
A. W. BL m .I
JOHN M. F Im7aL. IN1DU.TRL....1T
H.S a WCETT, PLANT PATIOLOGIlI
B. P. FLOYD, PLNIr PHYIIOaOIBI
,T'.-"^Jer 7, 1910.
0-,.. R. E. Ro.-e, StaLte Clcmst,
T.1ciui.e-o, Florida.
Dear captain Rose:--
So Lar I :',.e o :en unable to get hold of the Oc' -
bor Seaboard prices for the following ii-Loi.:
1. Cotton seed (woholc)
2. Linseeod meal (old proccs) / I
5. (new proco ss )
4. Rice
S5. i ce L"n. /. .
It is .:o .ely poscil .e t-t have thbse data in your
office. I ij. .d like very Lu:Lnh to have it in coi:n..ction
i, a --er I am ,-'cariing for thie Atl`ta reting.
Ve'ry Tri tj r
Ft^ jD 7L4y a, It ^^ a
/ ;t
[Vol. vlv., No. 19.
Wi will publish in this column free of charge
until further notice; the applications-ot all man-
agers, overseers, chemists, sugar-makers and oth-
ers who may be seeking positions, and also the
wants of planters and sugar manufacturers de
siring to employ any of,these.
These advertisements will be Inserted until
they are pushed out at the bottom of the column
by the influx of new advertisements at the top.
Any advertiser may have his advertisement re-
inserted anew, however, if he will write It out
again and send it In to us.
We cannot undertake to forward by mall reples
to the advertisements in this column, even though
postage be supplied, and, to secure publication in
the issue of the succeeding Saturday, they must
reach us not later than Thursday morning of
each week.
ASSISTANT engineer for sugar factory in Texas.
Salary $.zo.00 per month, including .board. Grind-.
ing will last three months and possibly longer.
Address MASTER MECHANIC, care LOUISIANA PLANT-
-Li tilEl-qmtraupe' -effect-operator --and-aso -a
centrifugal foreman with experience. Must be so-
ber and industrious with a speaking knowledge of
Spanish. Address wif i"references, salary expect-
ed,; ete, to GaINoo, care LOUIsIANA PLANT. .
SUGAR house assistant engineer; must be thor-
oughly'competent, sober and industrious, and not
Afraid of work. Address with references, salary
expected and other information to GaINGO, care
TWO experienced chemists accustomed to cane
sugar house work and taking hourly tests through
all stages, night and day. Must be sober and In-
'dustrlous. Speaking knowledge of Spanish desir-
able. Address with references, experience, salary
Expected, etc., to GaiNao care LOUISIANA PLANTER.
AN experienced sugar refinery man accustomed
to bone black work, must be sober and Industrious.
A speaking- knowledge -o Spalnish -dsitrable. '*Ad-
dress with references, experience, salary expected,
tc., to GRINGO, care of LOUISIANA PLANTERB.
FOR Mexico, sober, industrious, close boilers
head and assistant wanted. Speaking knowledge:
of Spanish desirable. Address with references, ex-
perience, salary expected, etc., to GRINGO, care
GRADUATE sugar chemist as assistant on large
plantation in Mexico, Season January to May.,
State experience and rferences. Knowledge Span-~
ish desired. Address Apartado 1157, Mexico City.
Meice. -- -- -- ----- .. -- 1-0-10-10
' CAPABLE and experienced cultivation field
superintendent, on well equipped plantation In
Mexico. Must speak Spanish. Address, with par-
ticulars. Apartado 1157, Mexico City, Mexico.
-. CHEMIST assistant.ior -Cuba.- Engagement for
about five, months.. Must be available about. Decem-
ber 15th.- State experience, references and expected
salary, you paying your board about $18.00 per
month. Address J. L. KUBIN, 853 Humboldt Ave.,
,Detrolt, Michigan. 9-27-10
POSITION-As assistant chemist in the tropics
by a young man who is not afraid of work. Can
furnish. references as to- ability and qualifications.
Open.for *ngagema nt about December 1st. For par-
tidulars address C. A, RICHARDSON, care of Na-
*tional Sugar Mfg. Co., Sugar City,, Colorado.
POSITION-Wanted as assistant chemist for
the coming season in Cuba, Porto Rico or Mexico
by a young man with: experience in. the tropics
and Louisiana. Can furnish the .best of refer-
ences. Address W. T. M;', 1617 Terpsichore St.,
New Orleans. 11-3-10
WANTED-An assistant laboratory man for
Louisiana crop. State salary. Apply, G. R. S.,
S Bayou Goula, La. 11-2-10
BY an overseer and timekeeper of large experi-
ence. _Would.like to .communicate. with-planters
who will be in.need of a good, reliable and-hard
worker by the" first of next year. Can furnish
refeenes from last .place of employment; also
willing to be tried if necessary and prove my
ability. Age 33; small family. At present em-
ployed. Address, stating salary and conditions,
"OVERSEER," Matthews, La. 10-30-10
CHEMIST, college graduate, with 3 years ex-
perience in laboratory work, desires position in the
tropics as assistant chemist. Best of references.
Address C. H., care of LOUIsIANA PLANTER. .
A-1 man with experience, teams, tools, etc., to
raise cane on tenant system. Can-handle 75 to
100 acres first year. Teche country- preferred.
Address TENANT, 502 Peoples Bank Building.
POSITION wanted as locomotive engineer on
plantation. Address LOCOMOTION, 2256 Marals
Street, New Orleans, La. 10-27-10
.A POSITION as assistant overseer, timekeeper
and bookkeeper, by young man of excellent habits
and character. References. G. P. B., 1606 Pry-
tania Street,-New Orleans, La. 10-27-10
--A--POSITION-for-1-iil as -first -overseer on a
sugar plantation. F. F. SINGLETON, Centreville,
La.. .10-27-10
CHEMIST desires a position as chief chemist
in a cane sugar factory in the tropics. Ai present
employed as chief chemist in one of the largest fac-
tories in Louisiana. Graduate of a German univer-
sity, 36 years of age, speaks English, Spanish and
French. Four years' experience in Louisiana, Cuba
and Mexico. Can furnish best of references. Ad
dress "CHEMIST," P. O. Box 1700, New Orleans.
POSITION as sugar plantation manager or as-
sistant overseer for -1911. References furnished.
Address M. D.-G., Welcome La. 10-26-10
-A- POSITION as first-class sugar boiler. Expe-
rienced in all grades of sugar. Will accept position
In this State or elsewhere. Best references fur-
nished: -Address E.--G., care of the LOUISIANA
POSITION as sugar boiler for- a crop In Loulsi
ana that will 'not last any longer than december
31st. F. N, SMITH, 800 Congress Street. New Or-
leans. 10-27-10
FIRST-CLASS electrician'wants position for the
coming grinding season, in Porto Rico, Cuba. Mex-
ico or any tropical country. Years of experience in
electric work in sugar houses. Experienced.-n con-
struction work of all kinds In the electric line: dy-
namos, -poles and lines. Best. of references given.
Address ELECTRICIAN, 1339 Constance Street. New
Orleans. 10-26-10
CHEMIST. graduate of German university, with
15 years' experience in cane houses in Java, Fiji.
Cuba and Louisiana, practical man, desires posi-
tion in the tropics after close of Louisiana crop.
Rest references. Address G. J.,:care LOnISTANA
POSITION as sugar boiler: best of references.
Employed at present. W. B. JEF'RIEs, 540 Pitkin
Avenue. Grand .Tunction. Colorado. 10-24-10
- HEMIST of 10 years' experience in Cuba, Mex-
ico, Centrhl America and Louisiana. open for en-
gagement in tropics at close of grinding in Louist-
nna. Best references. Speaks Spanish. Address
CHEMIST,- Bellevlew Plantation, Franklin. La.
POSITION as water tender or other sugar house
lob by experienced man. Have been in charge of
boilers and mill and am familiar with sugar house
machinery. E. W. MATHEWS, R. F. D, No. 1. Box
19, Lafayette, La. 10-20-10
.. WANTED a position as cane shed or field fore:
man.-: Have bad. '10 years experience handling
and 'managing labor. Can give Al references.
Will also accept position as cane weigher for
coming season. Address F. GRoss, 718 Baronne
St., New Orleans, La. 10-19-10
WANTED for Cuba. TA competent and active A 'stuatlon as sugar, plantation manager by a
Travelllng EnEaleer to represent, particularly in practical up-to-date cultivator. Highest refer-
.Cuba sugar dl.trie-.'. a well-known engineering 'nces. Address K, care P. 0. Box 355, Donaldson-
firm producing complete Installations for the cane ville, La. 10-19-10
sugar industry. Applicants with experience in this
or similar line abd if possible, with, a thorough POSITION as cane weigher or sugar weigher, by
knowledge of the Spanish language, please address, experienced man who has,worked for Adeline. A.
giving particulars ad tb agie, experience, and terms Ci BALDWIN, 134 South Solomon Street, New Or-
required, to P. E., Hamburg, Germany, hauptpost- leans. 10-19-10
lagernd. 11-1-10
COLLEGE graduate desires position as chemist
.POSI ~iON as head sugar maker- or assistant, or assistant superintendent lh sugar hliose. Speaks
Twenty years' experience in' Louisiana. Can speak Spanish and Engllih. Open :to engagements. after
.French. Italian apd Spanish. Would llke to go" naryst: WIll go to anyfoign country. Ad-
rto Mexico or Cuba.t Adress SUGAR MAKER, 3147 dress 0. A. O..- cre of tbe LOUIIANA PLANTER.
Urquhart St., New Orleans. 10-31-10 New Orleans, La. 10-18-10
POSITION as chemist in tropics, young man,
age 27, university graduate,, three years' experi-
ence in beet sugar. At present employed as chief
chemist. Available about December 15th. Com-
petent and energetic. Will accept assistant chem-
ist position. References furnished. W. B. C., 620
Albert Street, Chippewa Falls, Wis. 10-18-10
POSITION as head sugar boiler or assistant su-
perintendent for the crop of 1911. Twenty-three
years' experience in sugar manufacture, refinery
and plantation. Highest references furnished.
Since 1906 employed in Porto Rico. Address
SUGAR BOILER, care CUBAN AMERICAN, La Gloria,
Cuba. 10-18-10
WANTED a position as foreman sugar drier,
either in Louisiana or Mexico or elsewhere. Speaks
Spanish. Address JOHN GOMEZ, 638 Royal St.,
New Orleans. La. 10-13-10
ASSISTANT superintendent, familiar with mod,
ern work, experienced as chief chemist and sugar
boiler, wants position In tropics. Address G. F.
30, Wallaceburg, Ontario, Canada. 10-18-10
AS a filter press foreman or bag filter, 15 years'
experience. Best of references to that effect.
JOHN LUSTALO, No. 1024 White Street, New Or-
leans. 10-13-10
Position Wanted.
As head sugar boiler or assistant superin-
tendent for the crop of 1911. Twenty-three
years experience in sugar manufacture, refin-
ery and plantation. Highest references fur-
nished. Since 1906 employed in Porto Rico.
Address "SUGAR BOILER," care Cuban-
American, La Gloria, Cuba.
We are in a position
to offer well drained sandy land for the
cultivation of cane. This land can be
rented either at a fixed price per acre or
based on A certain percentage of the crops
raised. For further information apply to
Office of
Franklin & Abbeville Railway Co.
JULES GODCHAUX, Gen. ]Vr.
No.221-Godchaux Bldg. New-Orleans, La.
Or to C. D. KEMPER, Gen'I Supt., Franklin, La.
WANTED t
Must Be in Good Condition
Address No 675, care Louisiana
Planter and Sugar Manufacturer
Wanted to Buy
(For delivery after this grinding)
2 ten fobt vacuum pans.
1 250,000 gallon double or triple effect.
1 large mixer with ten 36" machines
and one small mixet with four 36" ma-
10 150 H.-P. return tubular boilers, or
eq ivalent power in any other type of
Address "GEARING", care of The
Louisiana Planter.
__ __ _~_~_
ii :;
November 5 il9i,.J
--~ *. ns~1~r.;~ Ju- -"'-. -7~~.
Nov. 4th.
M60 Test .................
Plantation Granulated.....
Choice White.............
Oft White................
Choice Yellow.............
Prime Yellow..............
Off Yellow................
Seconds ..................
Oct. 29 Oct. 31
- @365
- @ -
- @--
- -
4@ -
4 @ --
- @33
- @365
- @4
- @ -
Nov. 1
- @3 65
- @ --
S3 7/f 4
- @ -
- @ -
Nov. 2 Nov. 3 Nov. 4
- @365
- @ -
- @ -
4 @4%
- @ -
- @4
- @ -
- @8s
- @ -
- @3
No sales
- @ -
- -
- @ -
No sales
- @32
Rsea Day Last Tsar
@ -
4 %@ -
-@ -
NEW YORK: RAw--Qulet.
Centrifugal 96 .......... 3 80 @3 80 @3 80 @3 80 @3 80 @3 80 @4 30
Muscovado, 89"............ -@ @ @ @ -- @ @ arIW--
Molasses Sugars, 89...... -@ -@ -@- -- @@ -@ quiet.
Granulated............... @4 60 @4 60 4 60 @4 60 -@460 4 60 @5 05
StandardA............... @4 45 @4 45 @4 45 @4 45 @4 4 4 45 @4 90
lava, No. 15 D. 8........... 9 d. 9s, 9d. 9s. 9d. 109. -d. 10s. -d. 10o. -d. 12., 9d. CANS-Quiet.
A. and G. Beet........... 8s. 8,4d. 81. 8%d. 8S. 9d. 9s. -d. 8s. 10%d. 9e. 0%d. lls. 8%d. Bx-Opened
EXXX Powdered..........
Standard Powdered .......
Fruit Powdered............
Coarse Powdered.........
standard Fine Granulated.
Standard Fine Granulated
in 100-lb. sacks in bulk........
Confectioners Candy A....
- @4 85
- @4 75
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 85
- @4 75
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 85
- @4 75
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 85
- @4 75
- @4 70
- @470
- @4 70
- @460
- @4 60
- @460
- @4 85
- @4 75
- @4 70
- @4 70
-@4 70
- @4 60
- @4 63
- @4 60
- @4 85
- @475
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 70
- @4 60
- @4 60
- @4 69
- @5 35
- @5 25
- @5 20
- @5 20
- @5 20
- @5 10
- @5 10
- @5 10
At four ports in the United States to Oct. 26,1910 ................................................................... 139,522 To
At four ports of Great Britain to Oct. 1, 1910 .....................................................................144,000
At Cuba, six ports to Oct. 25, 1910 ....................................................................... 8,000 "
Receipts and Sales at New Orleans, for the week ending Nov. 4, 1910. Receipts and sales at New Orleans from Sept. 1, 1910, to Nov. 4, 1910.
--Sugar---- Molasses -- Su M'oass
---- ------- Mol e Hhds. Barrels, Barrelpi
Hhds. Barrels. Barrels. Received........................ 75,075 27,389
Received........................... 56,991 10,191 Sold ............................ 74,289 26.491
old ................................ 56,205 10,054 Received same time last year.... 133,338 32,535
XOUGH per bbl...
Honduras .......
Japan ..........
CLEAN, per lb.
Straights .......
No. 2...........
No. 2 ..........
3RAN, per ton......
POLISH, per ton. "' *
Oct. 29
1 25@3 25
1 75@3 25
3 @5%
13 50@16 00
25 00@27 00
-Oct. 81
1 25@3 25
1 75@3 25
3 @5
13 50@16 00
25 10@27 00
Nov. l
Nov 2
1 50@3 25
2 0)@3 25
13 50@16 00
25 00@27 00
Nov. a
1 50@3 25
2 00@3 25
a @5%
13 50@16 00
25 00@27 00
IR-eoolpts and SOles at New Orlean.
BacksRough. Pockets of Olan.
Rsoelpts thus far this week........................ 25,887 18.172 Sales thus thi Week
R sipts ths lar this season....................... 66,010 182,078 SaleW thus fea this s
R oelpts duri same time last year. ............ 841,537 213,886 Bales during same ti
Nov. 4
1 50@3 25
2 00@3 25
3 @506
13 50@16 00,
Same Day
Last Year
2 00@3 85
2 03@3 80
4 @6
@ -
16 00@17 00
28 00@24 00
Tone of Market
at close of week
Sacks RBogh. P-.ckqtl of Iesa-
(lbol~ ang Q pllren' reeipts). 18,841 22.61
eason,................... ..... t19 487.565
me Last ear ......... 68 ,713. 588,580
...- -
Tons of Market at
Clse of Weak.
Nov. 4th.
- z- a _
Feedstuffs Trade in Europe, While Slow,
is Marled by Firm Prices.
LONDON, Eng.-Trade on this side in feedstuffs, while
slow, is marked by firm prices, but there has been a small ar-
rival of choice new season's make of decorticated cotton cake,
and so superior is the quality that consumers have bought
freely. Decorticated cottonseed cake prices range from 7
12s and 6d to 8 10s and for prime English from 8 2s 6d
to 8 12s 6d. Undecorticated English in bulk is quoted at
5 7s 6d to 5 15s with prime Bombay 4 18s 9d to 5 2s
6d. Supplies of Egyptian continue to be rather in excess of
demand, so that these prices are with difficulty held up.
With regard to linseed cake the spot demand is small and
the high prices ruling prohibit any big inquiry for forward
deliveries. These prices are not likely to shift lower in
view of the fact that the market in linseed here has again
commenced to advance with prices up as much as 24c per
quarter in a week. Country merchants throughout the United
Kingdom are content to just fill natural requirements. Rus-
sians are still available in limited quantity at 7 13s 6d to
7 15s loose and 7 16s 3d to 7 17s 6d in bags. East
India seed, pure, have changed hands at 8 15s to 8 17s
6d for arrival. London made offer in second hands at 9 to
9 5s, that is silghtly under crushers' quotations. Liverpool
reports that improved linseed rules quiet with Liverpool mak-
ers comparatively easier and demand only very moderate.
Soya Meal Is Scarce.
Soya cakes are quiet with a slightly more English de-
mand, soya meal being scarce and firm. The cake is quoted
in London at 6 2s 6d to 6 5s ex mill, and the meal at
6 15s. Considerable falling off in continental demand is
to be noted and consequently there is at times more pressure
to sell on the part of home manufacturers.
Rape cake is dull, East India quoting 4 10s. Some par-
cels of white South African maize germ meal are firm, ruling
at 6 5s to 6 7s 6d with English makes offering at 5 7s
6d to 5 10s. Maize gluten feed continues in fair request at
6 5s. Parcels of white Siam and Rangoon rice meal in
warehouse move off quietly at 4 17s 6d to 5 with some
business reported at 4 15s to 4 16s 3d for winter deliv-
ery. Prime white hominy feed in bags reaches 6 10 to 6
With regard to locust beans only a small quantity of the
old crop is now available in warehouse and prices are higher
at 6 2s 6d for whole and 6 15s for kibbled.
Rates Somewhat Easier.
Dried brewers' grains remain a dragging market and are
without alteration at 5 for mixed and 5 5s for ale. A
good demand exists for feeding treacle, rates being somewhat
easier. The last quotation is for prime in casks 4s 9d to 5s
per hundred weight (always 112 lbs).
London makes of flour are dearer, ex mill. The sorts
which show no change are the very highest grades which are
kept very advanced by the moderate prices accepted for Hun-
garian. Country flour has a good sale but the makers, as
usual in October, are rather spoiling their own market by in-
discreetly heavy deliveries up to London. The new all-Eng-
lish flour is by no means lacking in strength and the mix-
tures with old foreign give some splendid flour. American
flour is firmer and is stiffly held. The by-products of the
mill are, if anything, in buyers' favor for pollard and sharps,
but some sorts of bran are a little dearer with wheat meal
With regard to millers' offals I might mention here that
at the council meeting on Sept. 28 of the National Association
of British and Irish Millers the members discussed a sugges-
tion to bring to the notice of British agriculturists the feed-
ing properties of millers' offals. Association President
Priestly thought that the British farmer might be made to
use millers' offals more freely. These offals are imported
largely from this country by Germany and Denmark, which
countries in turn export butter and eggs back to this country.
It was proposed that the association should actually start
an advertising appropriation to publish the merits of millers'
offals in the English agricultural journals and the catalogues
at the cattle and similar shows. Generally, it appears that
millers' offals are underestimated in value as feeding stuffs
in this country. Some members thought it was a matter,
however, for individual action and were disinclined for col-
lective advertising.
Would Be a Calamity.
One member dealt with the export side of the question
especially and declared that if the export trade in offals was
stopped it would be a calamity to the British milling trade,
although, perhaps, many millers did not realize it. He re-
ferred to a drop in the price of millers' offals of as much as
$4 to $5 per ton in the course of a week or two recently. If
the export trade was stopped entirely he foresaw a drop of
something like $10 per ton in the course of a- few weeks.
Apparently, however, he was quite agreeable to the export
trade being stopped automatically by an increase in the home
demand. Eventually it was resolved that an association in-
quiry in corroboration with some representative agricultural
college should be started as to the feeding value of, millers'
offals in this country as compared with other feeding stuffs.
London prices per ton ex mill or warehouse for fine mid-
dlings is 6 10s to 6 12s and for coarse middlings 4 5s
to 5. London broad bran quotes 4 10s to 5 and London
flake 5 8s to 5 10s. Pollard rates are 4 3s to 4 5s.
American feeding flour is quoted at 8 4s to 8 8s and
French feeding flour 4s or $1 cheaper.
There has been no remarkable development in the various
classes of feeding stuffs in use in Germany, Austria, Russia,
or the near East. The Austrian flour mill owners are suffer-
ing from a strike which has caught them with rather short
supplies of the finer flours, but they are fairly stocked in
coarser sorts. The South Russian mill owners have been
holding a congress where they. have been discussing their
troubles and have come to the conclusion that they must
combine, establish a special bank, etc. The only other really
practical conclusion arrived at at the congress was that they
must make an organized attack on the markets of the near
East which, of course, would have a serious effect on the
foreign mill owners, particularly Austrian.
Seed Harvests Pretty Good.
The seed harvests in Russia have been pretty good, hemp
being the only seed that has not shown up above the average.
The weather has not done well by the crops at the close of
the season generally. These prospered marvellously in the
early part of the year, both in common cereals and seed crops,
which gave rise to confident hopes that the harvest in practi-
cally every branch would be a bumper one. As a matter of
fact, practically all sorts have kept well up to the average or
rather more, although the fine results of the phenomenal har-
vests of last year cannot, of course, be expected to be re-
peated. Russia will have an abundance for home consump-
tion and a fine margin for export.
The position as to oil cakes may be considerably modi-
fied by the healthy situation in the country, which may en-
able the cattle raisers to feed their beasts on better stuff
than has been their lot in past years, for so hard have they
found it to do so that they have been obliged to have re-
course to cheaper stuffs and let the oil cake leave Russia
for countries that can better afford it. A series of good har-
vests naturally enables them to use up some of their own
rich cake, so that perhaps the world's markets may feel the
effect of a lesser export of linseed and other cakes from"
Russia in the coming season.
One of the varieties of cake somewhat new in the market
is sunflower and this will be fairly plentiful in the coming
season, for the harvest is a good one, particularly so in the
home of the sunflower seed, which is northern Caucasus and
Che Export Market
j'FOVEMBER, 1910 FLOUR
millers, generally, are predicting strong prices for the win-
ter. Quotations now are: Flour-Best Michigan patent,
$5.45; ordinary patent, $4.50; straight, $4.80; clear, $4.30;
pure rye, $4.50; spring patent, $5.90 per bbl, in wood, jobbing
lots. Feed-In 100-lb sacks, bran, $25; coarse middlings, $25;
fine middlings, $28; cracked corn and coarse cornmeal, $25;
corn and oat chop, $23 per ton.
Agreement is Reached Between Millers in
Central Freight Territory and
Railroad Oflicials.
The controversy over the milling-in-transit rules prepared
by the Central Freight Association has been settled as far as
the Millers' National Federation is concerned. At a meet-
ing of representatives of the railroads and the millers' com-
mittee at Chicago on Oct. 14 changes were made which satis-
fied the millers.
The following changes were affected:
Rule 1. The invisible loss or shrinkage to be checked
periodically and not to be shown on each car of product
which leaves the mill. (The carload method at best would
be a guess and could not be arrived at with any definiteness
-the change is entirely practicable and is considered satis-
Rule 6. New rule advancing milling-in-transit charge %c
per 100 Ibs, with a minimum of $3 a car, due to the fact
that these rules assessed the minimum charge on the out-
bound instead of the. in-bound product. A change was secured
in this to apply the charge on the in-bound instead of the
out-bound product. This means a reduction in the milling-
in-transit charge of 50c, owing to the fact that in-bound mini-
mum is 60,000 Ibs, while the out-bound minimum is 40,000
Rule 7. An extension was secured in the milling-in-
transit time limit from six months to twelve months. The
central states miller more and more finds it necessary to
accumulate his stock of wheat for the year's.grinding during
the crop-moving season and the limiting time of six months
meant considerable loss, owing to inability to get out the
product within this time. (This is one of the very valuable
Rule 11. Providing for a recording fee of 10c per car and
meant a 10c charge on every car which came into the mill,
a considerable tax. This charge was waived.
Rule 14. A change in the shipping certificate was se-
cured which was a little more in the line with the ordinary
legal affidavit and considered a little fairer.
Rule 15. Paragraph "C." Softened to make the rule en-
tirely practicable, workable and satisfactory.
Paragraph "E" of Rule 15 was discussed at considerable
length as to its effect, which was discussed at length in the
October issue of Flour & Feed. It was decided by both par-
ties to be impossible of change in the light of the Interstate
Commerce Commission's rule as to the mixture of transit
and non-transit commodities in the same car and was, there-
fore, passed as approved.
The commission takes the position that there must be a
clear line of separation between the transit and the non-
transit commodities and that when non-transit in less than
carload quantities is added to a transit shipment it would
amount to the same thing-under the old practice-as secur-
ing a carload rate on a less than carload shipment.
At a meeting in New York of the directors of the Ameri-
can Milling Co., President A. G. Winter resigned and H. C.
Atwood of Minneapolis was chosen temporary president.
Three of the directors also resigned, and the following were
elected to fill the vacancies: J. B. Shaub of Pittsburg, E. M.
Butler of Chicago and J. L. Dunn of Philadelphia. Col. Win-
ter is widely known as a feed manufacturer. He is a director
of the American Manufacturers' Association and has taken
a leading part in that organization's deliberations. -.
The elevator of the Columbus Hay, Feed & Grain Co.
burned at St. Louis, Mo., loss $5,000.
Ro3D~m T. IHaiD WMIIAX HABDY
Rodney J. Hardy Q Sons
Shipper of
Grain and Mill Feed
Chamber of Commerce
Established BOSTON
Western Feed Prices.
Quotations on feed in the markets named at noon, Oct.
29, are reported by the Western Feed Market Bureau of
.Milwaukee, as follows:
Minneapolis bran 100 lb. sacks.................................19.2 ........Sellers $17.75
Minneapolis bran, 100 lb. sacks ................................ 19.00 ............Bid 17.50
Minneapolis bran, 100 lb. sacks................................ 19.0 ...........Nov. 17.75
Minneapolis middling 100 lb sacks............... 1.(........................... 19.7
Minneapolis middlings, 100 b sacks ................. 19.00 ...........Nov. 19.50
Minneapolis flour middlings 100 lb sacks..................... 28.00 ............... 22.75
Minneapolis red dog 140 Ib sacks.............................. .50 ................. 28.60
Minneapolis low grade, 140 b sacks......................... 80.50 ............... 24.25
Minneapolis bulk. bran ........................................18.00 ................ 16.75
Country mill bran, delivered at transit points ......... 20.00 ................. 18.75
Minneapolis bulk middlings............................... 17.75 ........... 18.76
Minneapolis old process oil meal 100 sacks.............. 81.00 .............. 80.75
Choice cottonseed meal 100 lb sacks...................... 82.90 ............80.40-80.90
Minneapolis mixed feed, 1UO lb. sacks, "Occident" ... 27.00Nov.Boston 25.00
Minneapolis bran 100 lb sacks................................ 24.25...... Boston 22.75
Minneapolis middlings 1001b sacks................ .... 4.00...... Boston 24.76
Minneapolis red dog, 140 lb. sacks...................... 80.50...... Boston. 28.50
Market firmer, better feelings, good inquiry.
Flour production heavy.
Duluth bran 100 b sacks ....................................... 20.25 ............ 18.25
Duluth middlings 100 lb sacks ................................. 20.25 ................. 20.75
Duluth country mill middlings 100 lb sacks.............. 21.00 ................. 21.00
Duluth flour middlings 100 lb sacks ......................... 22.50 ............... 28.60
Duluth mixed feed 100 lb sacks "Boston"................. 26.00...... Boston 25.50
Country mixed feed 100 lb sacks .............................. 21.00 ................. 20.00
Duluth red dog 100 lb. sacks................................ 2.50 ................. 2460
Market firmer; prices a shade higher.
Flour production moderate.
St. Louis bran 100 lb sacks...................................... 20.60 ........... 18.4-19.00
St. Louis No. 1 middling 100 lb sacks................... 22.60........... 22.20-28.20
St. Louis fancy white middlings 100 lb sacks............ 25.00 ........... 24.00-2500
St. Louis mixed feed, 100 lb sacks ..................... ...... 21.00........... 19.60-20.00
St. Louis hard wheat bran 100 lb sacks..................... 20.60.......... 18.20-18.40
St. Louis hard wheat mixed feed 100 lb sacks ............ 21.00 ........... 19.00-19.20
St. Louis hard wheat middlings, 100 lb sacks............ 22,60 ........... 22.60
St. Louis fine white hominy feed 100 lb sacks ......... 28.00 ................ 19.00
St. Louis old process oil meal 100 lb sacks..............81.50.............. 88.50
Choice cottonseed meal, 100 lb sacks........................ 81.10 ........... 28.60-29.10
Market unchanged, but firm in price, fair inquiry.
Flour production heavy.
Kansas City bran, 100 lb. sacks................................ 20.60 ........... 16.60-16.80
Kansas City shorts, 100 lb. sacks, brown................. 21.60........... 20.20-20.60
Kansas City shorts, 100 lb. sacks gray .................... 22.40 ........... 21.00-22.00
Kansas City mixed feed, 100 lb. sacks .................21.00................ 17.20
Choice cottonseed meal, 100 lb. sacks..................... 81.90........... 29.40-29.90
Market firmer, better feelings, good inquiry.
Flour production moderate.
Choice cottonseed meal, 100 Ib sacks,...................... 84.50 .....Bos..82.00-82.50
Hominy feed, 100 b sacks....................................... 27.25 Boston 28.00-28.25
Gluten feed,............ ......................................... 28.90 hi. 100 lb. 21.85
Milwaukee bran 100 lb sacks ................................... 21.25 ............... 19.50
Milwaukee bran 100 lb sacks.. ............. 21.00......... Nov. 19.25
Milwaukee middlings 100 Ib sacks ......................... 21.25 ............ 21.26
Milwaukee middlings, 100 lb sacks ........................ 21.00 ......... Nov. 21.00
Milwaukee flour middlings 100 lb sacks .................. 24.50 ................. 24.50
Milwaukee hominy feed, 100 lb. sacks.... ... .........2 .... 19.0-20.0
Milwaukee red dog 100 Ib sacks ......... ..... ........... 27.25 ................. 25.2
Milwaukee red dog, 140 lb sacks .............................. 27.00 ................. 25.00
Milwaukee low e, 40b ute............... ........... 82.50................. 26.00
Milwaukee rye feed, 100 lb sacks ............................ 21.00 ...... .....0.00
Milwaukee old process oil meal 100 lb sacks .............. 8250 ..... ....... 88.00
Milwaukee No. 1 screenings.................... ......... 20.00...........bulk 17.00
Milwaukee No. 1 screenings, 100 lb sacks........... 21.50.............. 18.650
Choice cottonseed meal, 100 Ib sacks, 41% protein..... 82.40 ............80.40-80.90
Market strong, very little feed offering.
Flour production moderate.
Rate to Boston from Minneapolis, lake and rail................................ oo
Rate to Boston from Duluth, lake and rail..................................... 4.00
Rate to Boston from St. Louis lake and rail.................................... 8.94
Rate to Boston from Kansas City, lake and ral ........................ 5.54
Rate to Boston from Milwaukee, lake and rail.............................. 8.84
Please Mention FLOUR & FEED in Writing Advertisers
Carbohydrates In Its Relation to Feed Control.
We may define food as "that which Is talen into the body, and is
used either to build up new tissue or to yield energy,.
The body is composed of different constituents. Each has its
specific function to perform. If the body is to continue to perform
its functions, all these different constituents must be supplied to
replace the worn out parts, or in the case of young growing animals,
to supply material for new growth. In its building, or muscle-
Sproducing function. protein Is the most important ingredient of
food, as it is the basis of muscle, bone, and almBst all the tissues
and fluids of the body.
To know the digestibility of a feed is of as much importance to
the feeder as it is to know of what substances it is composed, and
the percentage of each. The only part of the food material that
is of value to the animal is that which can be digested a;d utilized
by tharbody, and this determines the real nutritive value. As a rule,
carbohydrates are more easily digested than proteins while protein
is easier of digestion than fats.
'"he digestibility of feeds must be considered, however, frtm the
standpoint both of rapidity and completeness. Some feeds require
four or five times longer to digf'st than dB others. For instance,
the starch inppotatoes appears t0 be acted upon much more rapidly
than that' from the cereals, such as wheat or corn.
Other things being equal, those'foods which furnish the nutrients
most easilya-on corrpletely utilized by the body are the most desir-
able, since such foods will not cause unnecessary exertion of the
digestive and eliminative organs. Too much food is as bud as too
litt i, for it causes ai vaste of energy and strength in the body,
as well as a waste Of nutritive material.
Composition of the Animal Body and Animal Products.
Experiments and investigations have ascertained that the bodies
of animals, as well as animal products, are made up of the following
substances: Water, mineral matter, protein, and fat. These substances
occur in the animal body in somewhat varying proportions, depending
upon the age, condition, treatment, etc.
Water is an essential constituent of the animal bo'y and composes
from 40 to 60 per cent. of its live weight. Mineral matter occurs
mostly in the bones from 2 to 5 per cent. of the live weight. The
fat occurs in greatly varying proportions, but rarely constitutes
less than 6 per cent, or more than 30 per csnt. Nearly all the
bsustances which contain nitrogen are classed as protein. They
are an important group, of which lean meat and the white of an egg
may be taken as good samples. They contain about 16 per cent. of
nitrogen. All parts of the worKing macninery of the body, such as
flesh, skin, bones, hair, internal organs, brain, and nerves, contain
a large proportion of protein. Mineral matter is also needed in
1ihe body structure, though in smaller quantities,
Composition of heeds.
We find that science has brought to llght the fact that plants
also are composed of water, mineral matter, fat, and protein; and
in addition the food Of herbivorous animals contains a group called
Water.-- All food stuffs, no matter ow dry they may seem, contains
a certain amount of water. In grains and dry feeds it ranges from
8 to 15 per cent. of the material; in green forage and silage It is
about 80 per cent; while in some roots it reaches as high as 90 per
cent. While water is essential to animal life, and the water in
the food fulfils the same function as that drunk by the animal, we
do not, of course, value food materials for the water they contain.
minerall Matter.-- ?hen a food stuff is burned until the organic matter
is all driven off, the residue is mineral matter or ash. It is
composed largely of lime, magnesia, potash, sulphuric and phosphoric
acids, and a few other oxides. The ash of the food is the source of
the mineral matter found In the animal body, and as such is of great
importance. Ordinary combinations of feeding stuffs, however, contain
-n abundant supply of mineral matter for the use of the animal; so this
is not a matter of practical concern,except as it has a bearing on
the mineral elements of fertility in the manure,
fts.-- This term needs no explanation, as every one knows what fat
or oil is; for it is the same as the fat in the meat or butter that
we eat. The proportion of fat in feeding stuffs varies within wide
limits. In general, seeds and their by-products contain more than
the coarse fodder. Straws naturally contain less than bays, varying
from j to 1i per cent. of fat; but very little is found in the dry
matter of roots or tubers, uorn and oats contain from 4 to 5 per
cent., while cottonseed meal contains from 8 to 12 per cent, of fats.
Oarbohydrates.--- Tnis group includes such substances as starch,
sugar, gum, etc,; also the woody or fiber i:art of plants. The
former are quite freely digested; the latter less so, through ful-
filling the same function as far as it is digested. The carbohydrates
constitute the largest part of vegetable foods. They are not usually
stored in the body as such, but are converted into fat or used to
produce heat and energy.
Since the carbohydrates and fats serve nearly the same purpose
in the animal body, they may for convenience be groups together.
Experiments have, however, shown that fat is about two and one-fourth
as effective as a food as are the carbohydrates when both are equally
digested. That is, one pound of fat when digested, will produce
about as much heat or energy as two.and one-quarter pounds of carbo-
Protein.-- The protein of feed-plants, like that of the animal body,
is characterized by cont'-ining nitrogen. It is therefore frequently
termed "Nitrogenous Matter. The function of protein in the food is,
first of all, to build up and repair the working machinery of the
body; and to supply protein for the production of milK, wool, etc,
No other food constituent can fulfil this function.
Since we have shown that the animal body and all animal products
are composed of the same group of substances as are contained in
food-stuffs, it is an easy matter for us to begin the solution of
the feeding problem. What we now have to do is to transport our
food-stuffs to the animal in the proper proportion to economize on
feed as much as possible, while at the same time providing sufficient
nutriment for the animal to do its best work.
Balanced Ration.
In the first place what is a properly balanced ration? A balanced
ration is a combination pf feeds containing the various nutrients
in such proportions and amounts as will nourish the animal with the
least waste. The nutrients of most vital importance to the feeder
are protein, carbohydrates, and fats. All feeds do/contain these
nutrients in the proper ratio to form a balnccei ration; hence the
feeder must AuKe the proper combination of feeds so as to furnish
the animal with the nutrients in the proper amounts, and at the same
time with the least possible waste of nutrients.
Experimenters and scientific investigators have found that only
a certain amount of each element of food taCen into the body is used
in building up waste tissue and supplyingeenergy, and that all nu-
trients supplied in excess of the amounts needed for this purpose are
wasted. What I mean is that a dairy cow, for instance, can only
digest a given amount of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. If a
larger amount is fed than can be used by.the animal, the surplus is
thrown off in the excreta, and hence is wasted. A dairy cow giving
a good flow of milK required to digest about the following amounts
for each 24 hours. Protein 2.5, carbohydrates 13.00, and fats .5
As mentioned above, protein is used in the body to build new
tissue, muscle, bone, etc. This function of protein cannot be
delegated to either carbohydrates or fats, neither should the function
of the carbohydrates and fats be delegated to protein. However, pro-
tein can replace carbohydrates and fats, but it will not be found
economical to do so.
Carbohydrate or Nitrogen-Freer?&e'
The question which we wish ti discuss today is not whether our
f"-:d control laws are just what they should be or not, but rather to
take up the question as to what the guarantee tah should show.
In theory the tag on mixed feed should givenan itemized list
of the feeds used in the mixture and the percentage of each. How-
ever, the question that should be of most importance to the consumer
is which feed is the best for him to purchase. In other words, in
which feed can I get the most not pounds, but feeding value for
the money spent. If the guarantee tags are properly labeled it
will not be so difficult for the average consumer to judge from the
tag which brand of feed will be the cheapest for him to purchase.
The feeding nutrients of the feeds that are of most important
and that should be considered are protein, carbohydrates, and fats.
There are numerous other elements In feeding stuffs, but they are
not of as much importance as these three.
As to whether we shall tall the second constituent carbohydrates,
nitrogen-free extract, fats, starch, plus sugar, plus gums, I cannot
see that it maKes much difference so long as we apply a name that
means what we are talking about, and at the same time is understood
by the public,
If we discard the word carbohydrates what will we use instead
that will be any better? If we use the term nitrogen-free extract
we do not do justice to a lirge number of our purchased feeds.
For Instance, cottonseed hulls, which in the souther States are
used extensively as roughage, contain 33.4 per cent. of nitrogen-free
extract, but only 34 per cent. of this, or 227 pounds out of each
ton, is digestible or of aalue to an animal. In the same ton of
cottonseed hulls there are 435 pounds of digestible crude fiber.
The same thing is true of oat straw and timothy hay. If then we
continue the use of nitrogen-free extract, we disregard or make no
allowance for one-fifth of the fe:?d value in the three feeds named,
This also applies to our other feeds, but not to so marked an extent.
The trouble with the term "nitrogen-free extract" is that it does
not include all of the feed nutrients.
*Food Inspection Decision No. 124 entitled, "Labeling of StocK
Feed", speaks with some degree of finality in defining the terms
in dispute.
"The term 'nitrogen-free extract* includes starch, sucrose, re-
ducing sugars, pentosans, organic acids, coloring matter, and certain
other ingredients in small quantities.
The term 'carbohydrates' includes most of the specified Ingred-
tents which make up the nitrogen-free extract, plus crude fiber, but
does not include organic acids and coloring patter.,
Percentage of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract inAfeeds, and
percentage digestible,
.eed Stuffs
/ Cottonseed Oulls
> Oat straw
Timothy hay
SJohnson grass hay
,~ Soja bean hay
SCorn stover
SCorn grain,Dent
g Oats,grain
Gbuten feed
/0 Bran, winter wheat
Percentage in feeds
ude fiber, Nitrogen-free
29.0 45.0
28.5 45.9
22.3 38.6
19.7 31.5
2.2 70.4
9.5 591.7
5.3 51.2
8.1 53.7
Percentage digestible
Crude fiber Nitrogen-free
47.00 34.00
54.00 44. 99
52.00 63.00
58.00 54. 00
61,00 69.00
67.00 -64.00
58.00 93.00
20.00 76.00
72.00 87.00
27.00 65.00
~vh- p~ip~'"
This definition of these two terms shows very clearly their
difference, Furthermore, it shows thqt t.,e term Carbohydrates covers
more of these feeding nutrients than does the term nitrogen-free ex-
tract; the only ingredient not included in carbohydrates being organic
acids and coloring matter which are of no importance as a feed.
In our tejp-booKs and literature on feeding live stock the term
carbohydrates Is used alrrost entirely; and especially is this so In
ail tables and in discussions that treat of the digestibility of feed-
ing stuffs.
Then too, in computing balanced rations, the ration of the protein
to carbohydrate s s always given. It is never spoken of as the ratio
of protein to fat or nitrogen-free extract. If then, we should dis-
continue the use of the term carbohydrates it would mean a revising
of all our present literature. If, as in some other States, it be
only required to guar-antee the percentage of crude protein and crude
fat, this guarantee will.give but little indication as to the real
feeding value of a given feed. If we only consider the protein
and fat we make no allowance for from 25 to 75 per cent, of the feed-
ing value of our feeds (see table II.). In one ton of cottonseed
Table II.
Table snowing pc.:nd crude p.o-' ei, crude fat, total protein and fat
and rv.[,unds total carbohytr1otes in OBe ton of the different f.e 'd.,
Orude pro- 3rure f:t Totii pro- YeAding
tein in one in one ton toin and fat nutrients
ton. pounds pounds in one ton ______s__SB
pounds not considered.
OOttonseed hulls 84,00 44.00 128.00 1594.00
Oat straw 80.00 46.00 126.00 1585.00
TiTrothy hay 118,00 50.00 168.00 14"I0.00
Johnson .,:russ 114.00 42.00 186.00 148s'.00
So3a bean hay 308.00 104.00 412.00 1218.00
Corn stover 76.00 22,00 98,.O 1024,00
Corn grain,Dent 206.00 100,00 306.00 1452.00
Wheat bran 3081.00 80.00 388.00 1258.00
Gluten feed 480.00 212.00 692.00 1130,00
.iddlings 312.00 212.00 524.00 1300.00
Cottonseed meal 846.00 262.00 1108.00 5S4.00
Cowpea bay 332.00 44.00 376.'0 1246.00
Homi.My Chop 196.00 166.00 362.00 1366.00
Shballs there is 84 pounds o" crude protein and 414 pounds crude fat, or
a total of protein and fat of 128S rcpunds. That is, if we only require
the guarantee t-:g to show the crule protein and fut, Ine one ton of
cotton sced bulls we only guarantee 12E poi:ndr of feed or 6.4 or cent,
of the total amount. In this same ton of cotto seed hulls there is
f5941 pounds of carbohydraites that are certainly of some value as.a
feed or the feeder would not buy it. In fact, this 1594 pounds of
carbohydrates is what the f 2 der Is buying the cottonseed bulls for,
He cares nothing ab ut the protein and fat for'the reason that he can
supply that much cheaper by buying cottonseed meal or corn. The snme
is true of timothy hay, oat straw, Johnrson grass, and c-orn st ver,
The feeder does not buy any of these feeds for the purpose of supplying
hib animals "ith protein and fat, but he buys thob '-vith but one end In
view, that is, to supply the necessary c rb6dr a Lseed meal
which is one of our richestffeeds in protein and fat has in each ton
584 pounds of c'.rohydrotes, or in other .v':rds 25 er cent. of each ton
of this valuable feed in carbobydrates. 'e could continue this list
of feed but this is sufficient to show th necessity of tsKing into
consideration the carbohydrates,
" 7
The protein and fat are of vast Importance as feed nutrients,
but it would not show c od judgment to feed/animal on protein
and fat only. As shown above, an animal can only utilize or use
to O'Ivantoge a given amount of each element, hence if we supply
a surplus it will only be ', cted. Then too, an animal cannot digest
a food that is too concentrated. Therefore, a guarantee of protein o
and fat i i. A ration very rich in fat is
likely to c'.use ail sets of digestive troubles. At the present
time, there is more or les- confusion in the uso of the terms. -N-P
p. r8 p*a j, nn r pnri- rimr eni Uri-nu iRw elt t finid
"-iTreil, -ld e.l" tn ....n AtLI 3._ since the Pureau of 'hemistry
has given us a clear-cut definition of these two terms it sees that
we should have no further di "c'ilty- in selecting the proper one.
CrOude Sugar
Tibre &
M A ;Li -^ ^*
Total Oar-, oiitted $,Io I-
bobydrates Eio
1. Barleq._ -
2. Beef Sors~e. ._
3. Beggarweed. ay --. -
4- Cotto iseed. me bi ht
5,, cottamse-eL meal, bxle bt
/,- *.z .,-. *
42,. i a 24
6. ottonsa eal. da.. ra .2.- as.l, 7./- V i /) ,,
7. Cotton se4 (sele) /d,2 JA 2 /7 /f 34 ?l
8. Cotton seed hUllsa f4_i -_ ; I. i
9, Cowpea 4_.__ -/ It / /
10 Cowpea hay .2r4 2. z
11, Gunten feed& 2 6 6/.C /e
12. Hominy feed r g
Old process 71f /410
13.8, LTnseed mea al Qh q9
14. Lnseed meal
New Prooes- : /- $3.o tA
15. Oate (grain) I /
3-6. 10 -- .
17. Rioe bran / / ,
X8. ye la 1.7 72. /4 O'
z9. Tothy ^, ... ,_. ao'. b
so. Wheat, /,. / .F ( ''52
______________________/* p.7. fcTl~f
21* Wheat b3an
22, Wheat riadlin2g
82. Velvet beane n hui
24. Velvet beqa he y
25*. ire grass baoy
fc.j^ ^. '-*.^'
... /9. .,_
,3 '.
bl1 35l 331.
~o\ 5
~LgrDq_" 16
~'5 \(1
'd-1' b!J1 \3
.*i" I~:
~ s~c~ 1~
\22 1/
~Y~ c~
,q/- X. a6.- 3/" -o
5 ~' *./ --_3es^^s
-? 'n C
_ .ia ~s
J t
f/'f^^9' vr & '5
#'^ n'*/>>'^
e2/zqA a. go
] c r Ip
aII ^ y0* **
v _
-~ --
=- =
/ ei.//- ,
p5gTo work. ort probloma.
(1) T lltiply figure in colaim 4 by 2.25; add the product to
iu.ibw:-o in column 2 :.~2i iea miutlply tihe ~la m by.5.O;J., and
:-'. o pZotdut in solam 5.,
(:f) i-iltiply figauo in coluTm 4 by 2.25, c..d the produc-to
Si/i'.ere ia column ;-rL r1ll;i i:i r mI by 56.4 sna n l.oe
-pro .Kt in coulram 6&.
(S) .1aultip3l figure in obmn 1 by 62 vnd aidd tbo product to
sam fotten for nauborr li column 5. ".L:co tbo romult in coltumr 7.
.^^, rzlco ^s^ />^^1 A^ ^^ a-i *^ -^<
L-f L 1- c,.-c,
eyr 12.4
P4tl' Beef scraps 71.2
3, Beggarweed hay i1.85
4. oorn 10.3
5. Cottonser'd -eal, birint 42,3
6. Oottonsncd rieal,utrK> 22.9
7. Cotton seed (whole) 18.4
8. Ootton. eefd hllls 4.2
9. Cowpea 20.8
10. rowpOa hay 16.6
11. Gluten feed 24.0o
12. Horiny feed 9.8
13. Linseed eal
Old process 32.9
14. Linseed en;!il
sew procea3 ,33.2
15, Oats (gruIin) 11.8
16. ice 7.4
i6, Be 10.6
19. Tirothy hay 5.9
20. Wheat 1 .9
21, Wheat bran 1.4
22. ,Thoat riddllnns 15.6
23. Velvet beans 'n hblls* 19.7
24. Velvet bean hayt 14.7
2% Wire grass hayA 5.5
H, I. r:'lth, frofitatble 3tocl Feeding, 3rd edition.
'Rose, l*. .,flu.,uarLorly .1ll0tin X.x:3 P. 67 and 68.
r ugar
.: 06
(July i, 1910).
-- ,4----
- Wa~---
tal carbo-
1. Parley
2. Beef Scraps
3. Beggarweed hay
4. Corn
5. Cottonseed meal,br,: .t
6, Cottonseed treal,durK
7. Cotton seed (whole)
8. Cotton seed hulls
9. Cowpea
10. Gowpea hay
11. Gluten feed
12. H{ominy feed
13. Linseed real
Old process
14. Linseed meal
New process
15. ats (grain)
16. Rice
17. Rice bran
18. Rye
19. Timothy hay
20. Wheat
21. ;heot bran
22. ~hoat Itddlings
23. Velvet beans in bulls
24. Ve.rot bean hay
25. Wire grac- hay
16.2 4
16,01 o
_ -)~-
Values. oar-
Crude 7rlhr
oSi tted.
Vala t ion
Protein &
ra tes.,
2 .18
- ----
|Full Text
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text:
Secrets of a Restaurant Chef, and she never fails to inspire me to try her recipes. Sure, she's a bit zany with how she talks to her food (hello my lovelies...) and how she gr-r-r-r-owls her words when she describes things. Her wild spiked blonde hair is fodder for people to make fun of, but I don't care. The woman is a chef and she can cook! If I could have private cooking lessons from any Food Network Chef (other than Tyler Florence, whom I got to meet and chat with-- and he's totally approachable and talented), I would pick Anne. I love her spunk! On the day that I watched Chef Anne making this savory crostata, my husband had just asked when I was going to cook the Swiss Chard that I pleaded with him to plant. My husband is the green thumb of the family. (I tend to "forget" to water plants. He doesn't.) I was delighted to find a recipe that would be a perfect for one of my favorite leafy greens!
Before I show you how to make this, there are a few key ingredients that you will need. Mascarpone Cheese is a must! It's Italian cream cheese, and it's a little pricey (I paid $4.99 for a tub), but it's creamy and silky...and it's really what makes this crust so tender and flavorful. You need Parmesan Cheese, too. Not that cheap stuff in the green can in the supermarket, please! You can finely grate the cheese in the food processor, or buy it already grated. But, please buy the Parmesan from the deli case. Thank you.
Last night, I made the crust dough, which took all of 15 minutes. That's what I love about my food processor. If you don't own one, roll up your sleeves and use some elbow grease and a pastry cutter.
NOTE: We want cold products so that the butter stays in chunks in the dough. This expands, while baking, creating tender and flaky dough.
Ah, the crust! Do not be afraid! Crostatas are so forgiving. They are "rustic", so they can look a bit ragged around the edges. Preheat the oven to 375F. You need a baking sheet. If you have parchment paper, I'm going to show you an easy trick. Flour a clean, smooth surface with some flour-- or, flour the parchment paper, that's on top of the clean surface.
French rolling pin!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
By Mark Hosenball
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - White House officials are reviewing National Security Agency spying targets to weigh whether the risk of embarrassment to the United States if snooping on them is exposed is worth any gains to national security from the surveillance.
Two U.S. government sources said two officials assigned to the White House are conducting a detailed assessment of target lists used by the NSA, as part of a review of intelligence policy sparked by leaks from former contractor Edward Snowden.
The objective of the review by a former Justice Department official and a former NSA official is to evaluate if the risks of diplomatic or political embarrassment if the spying were publicly exposed outweigh any benefits, the sources said.
Politically awkward revelations based on documents disclosed by Snowden have upset American allies from Germany to Brazil and already led to changes in U.S. intelligence collection.
In the wake of German media revelations that NSA had targeted the cellphone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, U.S. officials acknowledged such spying was no longer occurring.
Britain's The Guardian, one of the media outlets that had direct access to Snowden and his cache of classified material, reported in October that the United States had monitored the phone conversations of 35 world leaders.
White House spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said that in reviewing U.S. eavesdropping policy, the administration is "more effectively weighing the risks and rewards of our activities. That includes ensuring that we are focused above all on threats to the American people."
She said that the White House was also conducting a broader review of U.S. intelligence activities around the world "with a special emphasis on: examining whether we have the appropriate posture when it comes to Heads of State; how we coordinate with our closest allies and partners; and what further guiding principles or constraints might be appropriate for our efforts."
U.S. officials acknowledged that the NSA and other U.S. spy agencies request information from top policy makers, such as White House officials, when drawing up lists of targets for eavesdropping or other spying methods.
President Barack Obama met with 16 lawmakers on Thursday to discuss reforming how U.S. intelligence agencies collect telephone and internet data after Snowden's revelations.
Obama is due to announce decisions on reforms in a speech that could come as early as next week. He is expected to include some restrictions on spying on foreign leaders, changes in storing bulk telephone data and the appointment of a civil liberties defender in secret intelligence courts.
(Reporting By Mark Hosenball, Editing by Alistair Bell and Chizu Nomiyama)


text:
College of Arts & Humanities
Ric Standridge
Upstate artist Ric Standridge will mesmerize the audience with his artistic talents as he paints to live, gospel-themed music in Lander University's Josephine B. Abney Cultural Center Auditorium, March 20, at 6 p.m.
The performance, titled "The Gospel Show," will be a spectacular fusion of art and music - from hymns inspired by life on the plantation to the melodies of Liverpool, including "Up Above My Head," "Peace in the Valley" and "Let It Be." With paintbrush in hand, Standridge will translate the powerful emotions behind these songs - performed by Lander and Greenwood musicians - into a kaleidoscope of colors on canvas. The paintings will be auctioned at the end of the show, and a portion of the proceeds will be donated to The Lander Foundation to form the Adell Standridge Art and Music Scholarship in memory of Standridge's mother.
Standridge began creating art at an early age. His first inspiration was his mother, Adell Standridge, who often brought materials home from work for him to use for drawing. A teacher in the Simpsonville public school system later recognized Standridge's talent and encouraged him to hone his skills in college. As a direct result, Standridge attended Lander in the 1970s and noted his time at the university - and the people he met while there - as major influences on his art career.
"My time as a student at Lander gave me invitations to places in life that I never would have been invited to otherwise," said Standridge. "It taught me to see the credibility in and understand the value of my work. That's what Lander did for me then and that's what it continues to do today. Hopefully this scholarship will help do the same for other young artists."
Since his time at Lander, Standridge has left his mark in the Upstate community as founding director of the South Carolina Children's Theatre and as a recruiting director for the S.C. Governor's School for the Arts. Standridge owns and operates two studios and galleries in Greenville. His paintings have been exhibited throughout the Southeast, and his works are sought-after by private and corporate collectors.
Tickets for "The Gospel Show" are $40 for individuals and $75 for couples. A reception with wine and heavy hors d'oeuvres will take place just prior to the show in the Abney Cultural Center Johnston Commons. The reception will also feature a silent auction of Standridge's work. To purchase tickets contact The Peace Center box office in Greenville by calling 864-467-3000 or 800-888-7768, or visit their Web site at www.peacecenter.org. Tickets can also be purchased from Lander's Office of the President by calling 864-388-8300.


text:
Greg Kihn off the air, on creative burst
In August, Greg Kihn was elected into the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame, after 16 years as the morning DJ on KFOX (KUFX 102.1). By September, he was no longer working for KFOX. By October, Kihn, 63, was back where he started, front man for the Greg Kihn Band, singing the '80s hits "The Breakup Song" and "Jeopardy."
Q: What happened at KFOX?
A: They wanted to go in a different direction. We had a great run. Two or three generations have grown up going to school, listening to me in the morning.
Q: How did they break it to you?
A: It was right after my show on Sept. 14. They asked me to pop into the office. I'm so clueless I thought I was going in to renew my contract. The last thing I expected was to be let go, but that's the way it works.
Q: So did you get the chance to play "The Breakup Song" on your way out the door?
A: That would have been funny. As the writer and publisher of a song, it does generate mailbox money for me when I play it, which is ironic because I could be Greg Kihn, play Greg Kihn's records, make money as the songwriter and publisher and as the artist, and get paid as the DJ that plays it, which is a pretty good situation.
Q: What's it like to sleep past 3:30 a.m. after all these years?
A: For the last week I have been logging 10 hours a night. I'm doing a lot of catching up. One entire set of bags has been removed from below my eyes.
Q: How big did the Greg Kihn Band get?
A: We were huge. We had No. 1 records. We toured constantly in the '80s. We opened for the Rolling Stones, did several tours with Journey, played a lot of Grateful Dead gigs.
Q: Do you have a comeback in you?
A: Now that I've had a little sleep, I'm having a creative burst. Just last week I've written two new songs. I'm thinking of calling the band up to start rehearsing.
Q: What about a comeback on the air?
A: Absolutely. There is no way I will not be back on the air. You're talking to millions of people every week. That really agrees with my ego.
Q: Describe your singing voice?
A: As a singer I learned early that a man's got to know his limitations. Over the years my voice has held up pretty good. I haven't trashed it.
Q: Have you trashed hotel rooms?
A: Yes. It was the Holiday Inn in Boston, our first tour. I think that might have been our first night in a hotel. We tried to stick the mattress out the window, but it wouldn't fit. We tried to be bad. We couldn't be bad.
Q: Latest project?
A: I have a brand-new novel called "Rubber Soul." I've done four novels. Tom Clancy does techno thrillers. I do rock thrillers.
Q: Where did you grow up?
A: Baltimore.
Q: First job?
A: At a place called Top Art that made polyurethane decorative wall hangings that were bought by hotels. Mostly, they were phony-looking coats of arms.
Q: Were these, by chance, in the hotel room you trashed?
A: In my lifetime I have seen one of my creations in one of those Holiday Inns somewhere.
Q: Where do you live?
A: At the foot of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County.
Q: Neighborhood hangout?
A: I don't hang that much. If I'm in a restaurant, somebody takes a picture of me. They put it on Facebook and the next thing you know I'm online eating meat loaf. I don't mind it, but my wife, Jay, likes her privacy.
Q: How did you meet your wife?
A: I met her at the KOME Rock Expo at San Jose Civic. She was managing the Ujena swimsuit booth. I went up and asked her out to dinner. We've been married 12 years.
Q: What would you call your autobiography?
A: "The Road to Rock 'n' Roll Heaven Is Paved by the Bleached Skulls of Guys Like Greg Kihn."
Q: Describe your hairstyle?
A: Hair, by God. By God, I still have hair.
Sam Whiting is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @samwhitingsf


text:
England U21 gain the edge
Craig Dawson's penalty gave England Under-21s the upper hand heading into the second leg of their Euro 2013 play-off clash with Serbia.
West Brom defender Dawson's fifth goal in nine appearances for the Young Lions proved the difference in a game Stuart Pearce's side dominated for the most part at Carrow Road.
England impressed during the first-half in Norwich but could not find a way to break the deadlock, with Tom Ince and Jordan Henderson coming closest.
Luka Milunovic's header was the best chance Serbia could produce in the opening 45 minutes and, after a poor start to the second half, the hosts' dominance paid in the 65th minute.
Right-back Adam Smith drew a foul in the box and Dawson stepped up to lash home the resulting penalty to the delight of most the 17,266 spectators.
Serbia threatened a later equaliser but could not find a way past England's defence, who held out for their fifth clean sheet in six games to give them the advantage heading into Tuesday's second leg in Krusevac.
It took just 38 seconds for the match to come to life, with lone striker Djordje Despotovic booked for a late lunging tackle that caught Dawson. The challenge was an early warning sign of the Serbian's intent to heap pressure on the hosts.
It also highlighted the ease in which referee Deniz Aytekin would dish out cards, with Aleksandar Pantic and England Under-21 debutant Raheem Sterling both added to the German's notebook inside seven minutes.
The disruption to play meant it took a while for the game to flow, with the first chance of note coming 13 minutes in.
Sunderland loanee Danny Rose cut in from the left and floated in a wonderful cross, although the unmarked Ince could only direct his header wide.
It began a spell of concerted England pressure and Marvin Sordell's cross from the left would have been tapped home had it not been for captain Slobodan Medojevic's block.
Jack Rodwell tested Branimir Aleksic as the Young Lions continued to push for an opener, which would have come had the Serbia goalkeeper not rushed off his line to deny Ince's burst on goal.
For all of England's attacking intent, Serbia were becoming an increasing threat and a Milunovic header at the backpost was inches away from finding the top corner.
Sasa Markovic and Darko Lazovic were the next to get away attempts for the Eastern Europeans, who had Filip Mladenovic booked six minutes before the break for taking down Smith.
Rodwell screwed wide from the resulting free-kick and Ince saw a well-struck effort just curl wide, before Henderson came close with a 20-yard strike as half-time approached.
Jason Lowe replaced Rodwell when the teams reappeared for a second half that began sloppily.
Loose passing and wayward finishing cost both sides, with neither goalkeeper tested until the 61st minute when Aleksic parried a fierce Wilfried Zaha drive.
Four minutes later and England had the lead after Smith was caught just inside the penalty box by Milunovic.
Dawson stepped up to lash the resulting spot-kick into the bottom right-hand corner past the outstretched Aleksic.
England came close to doubling their advantage shortly afterwards when substitute Andros Townsend - on for his Under-21 debut in place of Sterling - fired a low cross to the backpost, where Wilfied Zaha picked the ball up and placed just wide.
Serbia searched for a leveller as the clock began to wound down, with Nemanja Gudelj coming close with a long-range free-kick before Medojevic was booked.
Milunovic fired over as the Eastern Europeans continued to threaten, but at the other end Aleksic produced a fine one-hand save to deny Steven Caulker.
With the match coming to an end, Dawson provided a superb late block to deny Despotovic and ensure victory for England and a 1-0 advantage.
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text:
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Telecast Date: 28th September 2017
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