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QUETTA, Pakistan (AP) — Inside the ruins of a market demolished by a powerful bomb, four tiny white candles —dwarfed by the scale of the destruction — flickered gently in the freezing rain as dazed Shiite Muslim Hazaras wept for the nearly 90 people killed in the blast.
Condemning the Pakistan government for doing little to protect them, the small ethnic group has vowed to set up their own defense force to deal with Sunni extremists they blame for the bombing and a series of other ferocious attacks that have killed nearly 400 ethnic Hazaras in the past 18 months, nearly half in the first two months of this year.
The bomb earlier this month in the Pakistani city of Quetta ripped a swath of devastation that flattened a three-story building and left the ruins of scores of single-room shops exposed to the rain. Blood-soaked rugs were all that was left of a carpet store.
"The ones who did this — they are not human. They are animals," said Surha, a young woman who goes by one name, a common tradition here. She spoke as she grieved at the site, more than a week after the bombing.
Shiite leaders blame inaction by Pakistan's security service for the rising violence against them in Quetta, the capital of southwestern Baluchistan province. They told The Associated Press recently that they are petitioning the provincial administration of Baluchistan to approve a Hazara-led defense force to work with local police.
"Of course, I blame the government," Surha said, her voice getting louder.
Wrapped in a large beige shawl to ward off the cold, she recounted how two of her young cousins died in the bombing after returning home from school to help their father in his used clothing shop.
Her face was wracked in pain. Her voice cracked. "The government is responsible for this situation because daily it is happening to us and nothing is done to stop it."
Many Hazaras, who are mostly Shiite Muslims, migrated from neighboring Afghanistan during the past century. They are easily recognized by their distinctive Central Asian facial features, which Hazara leaders say make them easy targets for militant Sunnis.
"We can't hide who we are. You can see it in our faces. I don't see it getting better," said Allama Muhammad Juma Asadi.
His school, Jamia Imam Sadiq, is just a couple blocks from a massive bombing that killed more than 100 people on Jan. 10. Terrified students ran into the street. It was chaos, he said.
When a second explosion leveled the market on Feb. 16, Hazara leaders began to talk of self-protection and raising a security force of their own.
"Very soon we will have our own people at the checkpoints," Asadi said. "We have discussed setting up our own protection force with the administration."
Radicals have attacked non-Hazara Shiites elsewhere in the country, but some of the worst attacks have occurred in Baluchistan where most Hazaras live. A virulent anti-Shiite group, Lashkar-e-Janghvi, has taken responsibility for all the attacks. The militant organization is made up of radical Sunni Muslims and reviles Shiites as heretics.
About 20 million of Pakistan's 180 million people are Shiites, who mostly live in harmony with the majority Sunni population. But militant groups from both sides have sprung up in Pakistan over the decades, often with suspected financial links to Saudi Arabia, which is ruled by a Sunni monarchy, and Iran, a Shiite powerhouse in the region.
"A crumbling state has failed to stop slaughter after slaughter and to provide even basic security to its hapless citizens leaving them at the mercy of the murderers," militant expert and author Zahid Hussain recently wrote in a local newspaper.
The February explosion claimed the lives of 17 members of Bostan Kishtmand's family, which owned more than 20 small shops in the area.
"I went a little out of my mind when I went to the hospital and saw all of my relatives, all dead," Kishtmand said in broken English. "Something went wrong in my head."
After the January bombing, Baluchistan's provincial administration was fired and responsibility for the region's security came under the federal government. It ordered the paramilitary Frontier Corps to restore calm in Baluchistan, a sparsely populated province that was wracked by a bloody secessionist movement nearly two years ago. That gave way to the current round of brutal sectarian bloodletting.
In the February attack, militants loaded a water tanker with about 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) of explosives. It passed undetected through two checkpoints manned by Frontier Corps.
Days after the explosion, the ground around the market was still covered in scores of muddy children's clothes, sweaters, dozens of winter jackets and tiny sandals. Several of the stores in the market had sold used children's clothes.
The explosion was timed to have the most devastating effect, Asadi said. It occurred after 7 p.m., when offices were closed and families were in the market shopping. Three schools in the area all held evening classes to teach students English and computer skills.
Fifteen-year-old Inayat Hazara had been improving his computer skills at a nearby institute when the explosion occurred. He touched a dirty white bandage that covered much of his neck as he recalled the explosion, and the horror of the blood and bodies of his fellow students lying nearby.
"The noise was everywhere, my ears hurt. People were screaming and I couldn't see at first the dust in the air was so thick," he said.
Like tiny missiles, thousands of glass shards ripped through the computer lab where he was studying, he said.
"Everyone wants a good life, but I don't know how you have it here," he said.
Retired senior police officer Faqir Hussein said he supported a special protection force, but warned that a Hazara-only one could spark even more sectarian conflict.
A city of nearly 3 million people, Quetta is divided into neighborhoods that include ethnic Pashtuns and Baluch — another minority that dominates Baluchistan province. Hussein said that the other groups often live and work in Hazara-dominated areas, but that Hazaras themselves rarely go outside their own neighborhoods.
He said a mixed protection force would be preferable at checkpoints where the neighborhoods intersect.
"If a Pashtun comes to a checkpoint, he won't accept to be stopped and searched by a Hazara and that could start violence," explained Hussein, who is a Hazara.
He said there were parts of Quetta that are "no-go" areas for Hazaras because militant Sunnis are hiding among the local Baluch and Pashtun populations. While they might not support the militants, many local people are too terrified to turn them in.
Among the worst parts of Quetta is Sariab Road, a main avenue that is dominated by Pashtuns and Baluch. It has been the scene of numerous attacks and bombings.
Hussein turned down a job at the police training academy because he would have to drive along the avenue.
"Not because I am a coward, but I also don't want to commit suicide and it would have been suicide to drive everyday on Sariab Road," he explained. "Today not one Hazara drives on that road."
Kathy Gannon is AP Special Regional Correspondent for Pakistan and Afghanistan and can be followed on www.twitter.com/kathygannon


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AIDS Criminals and Innocent Victims: Is There Anything Wrong With This Picture?
By Catherine Hanssens, Esq.
September 29, 2009
This blog previously appeared on The Center for HIV Law and Policy's Web site and has been reprinted with permission.
On September 18th, ABC's "20/20" program aired a piece on five Texas women who slept with "HIV criminal" 53-year-old Philippe Padieu, convicted and sentenced to five concurrent 45-year sentences for infecting these women with HIV after failing to disclose his HIV status and having unprotected sex with them. I anticipated yet another sensationalized "expose'" pitting one or more unaware female victims against the evil person with HIV, narrated by a stunningly uninformed member of the media. Sad to say, I mostly got what I expected.
Padieu came across as an irresponsible freeloader hooking up with older women, giving them affection, intimacy, and sex (and HIV) in exchange for vacations, cell phones, and other perks. He apparently lived in denial about his HIV status, taking no effort to protect his sex partners from HIV and other diseases, or to protect himself from any STIs that they might have. With no evidence that he set out with a goal to infect his partners, he nonetheless seems to have set out to court and sleep with as many women as he could (although he also had sex with men) without concern or understanding of the risk of HIV and other STI transmission to his partners. He was chronically dishonest, lying about and hiding his other relationships, perhaps promising monogamy when it wasn't in the cards. Of course, at the same time his sex partners were exposing him to whatever STIs, diagnosed or otherwise, they might have, from herpes to hepatitis -- viruses that could further compromise his health and also increase the likelihood that sex would result in HIV transmission.
The sad story of these women provided a teachable moment for useful public education about HIV -- how it's transmitted, how even suburban women of means can become infected, how women can protect themselves, how unprotected sex can put any of us at risk -- and ABC blew it. The bottom line could have been that HIV is a virus, not a character flaw, and that even the kindest, most thoughtful, sexiest hunk in the world can have HIV and transmit it to you if you decide to roll the dice of unprotected sex. Instead, ABC opted for the sensational alternative reality of HIV risk as coming from serial predators motivated by the urge to infect women, and as a risk that couldn't reasonably have been anticipated or averted.
Years ago in Chautauqua, New York, after a young black man, Nushawn Williams, appeared to have infected several women, officials went into school rooms with pictures of this "AIDS Monster," as the press tagged Williams, and told the young women that they needed to get tested for HIV if they had slept with this man. ABC's Elizabeth Vargas chose to imitate this approach. Referring to Padieu's picture, Vargas intones, "if you had sex with this man, see a doctor." What she might have said, after exploring ways to address the vulnerability and self-esteem that motivate people to take risks with their health, is that yes, even nice middle-aged suburban white people get AIDS; that informed women know that it takes two unprotected people to transmit HIV; and that it is better to be safe than sorry, because you can't tell who's infected by looking or asking.
These women deserve empathy, although their reaction to their exposure and infection is disturbing. Decades after HIV's appearance, they believe that because they weren't sex workers or heroin users or women of color, they could never have anticipated being exposed to HIV. When asked about what they saw as their personal responsibility in the situation, each woman insisted that the responsibility was all Padieu's, that he misled them, and intended to harm as many women as he could. In the entire program, there was not one word about HIV being preventable, about the bottom line that anyone, male or female, who engages in unprotected sex based on a partner's statement's about their health status must assume a certain level of risk in doing so. It isn't cynical to say we can't rely on someone else to take care of our sexual health, it's common sense; most of the people spreading HIV don't even know they're infected.
So ABC may think they scored with yet another salacious tale of an AIDS monster ruining the lives of innocent women, but the true story is more complex; when it comes to public education and responsible, honest reporting, they utterly failed to make the grade.
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HIV Law & Policy
Catherine Hanssens has been active in HIV legal and policy issues since 1984. She is the executive director of the Center for HIV Law and Policy, the first national legal resource and strategy center for people with HIV and their advocates.
More About Catherine:
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Recent Posts:
September 29, 2009 - AIDS Criminals and Innocent Victims: Is There Anything Wrong With This Picture? A Blog Entry by Catherine Hanssens, Esq.
August 31, 2009 - Human Rights: When Officials Get Serious About HIV Prevention, This is Where They'll Start : A Blog Entry by Catherine Hanssens, Esq.
August 25, 2009 - Community Engagement on HIV Policy: Are Town Halls Meaningful Enough? A Blog Entry by Catherine Hanssens, Esq.
Articles by Catherine:
Lost in the Shuffle: Women's Right to Choose, Not Just Refuse, HIV Testing (March 4, 2009)
HIV and Young People: The Crisis Is Now (July 6, 2001)
For the rest of Catherine's articles, click here.Interviews With Catherine:
This Month in HIV: Sex, Privacy and the Law When You're HIV Positive (October 2007)
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The opinions expressed by TheBody.com's bloggers are entirely their own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of TheBody.com itself.

subset: commoncrawl


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Anna M. Pierson
Anna M. Pierson, 87, of Sheffield, died Friday, Dec. 23, 2011, at the Warren Manor Nursing Home after an extended illness. She was born July 1, 1924 in Warren, to the late Andrew and Anna Hanusik Kujava.She has resided in Sheffield area most of her entire life and was a 1942 graduate of Sheffield High School. Anna attended Tiona United Methodist Church and was a member of the Sheffield V.F.W. Ladies Auxiliary. She always enjoyed baking and being a grandmother and great-grandmother. She is survived by her four children, Marcy A. Carlson and husband, Fred, of Clarendon, Gale Pierson and wife, Esther, of Ludlow, Gregory Pierson and wife, Mary, of Warren, and Brian Pierson and wife, Tracy, of Kane; five grandchildren, Nicole Otero and husband, Adrian, Amanda Carlson and partner, Chelsea Wallen Carlson, Sara, Andrew and Austin Pierson; and three great-grandchildren, several nieces and nephews. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her husband of 55 years, Harley Pierson, who died in 2005; four brothers, Ludwig, Paul, Joseph and John Kujava; and two sisters, Mary Ciaramella and Helen Fornari. Friends may call at the Donald E. Lewis Funeral Home, Inc., 304 East St., Warren, on Tuesday from 2 to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. and on Wednesday one hour prior to the funeral and committal service at 11 a.m. with Rev. Martin Reynolds, Pastor, officiating. Interment will be in Sheffield Cemetery. Those wishing to place memorials may do so through contributions to Tiona United Methodist Church.Those wishing to submit e-mail condolences may do so by visiting www.lewisfuneralhomeinc.com.


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Since Monday, the Cleveland Museum of Art has been celebrating #MuseumWeek on Twitter with more than 2,000 other arts and culture institutions around the world. Last year, the CMA was one of the first American museums to participate in #MuseumWeek, and we're excited to be part of the global discussion online again! In the spirit of today's theme, "favorites," we share with you 10 favorite objects from 10 staff members here at the museum. Hear their stories in the video clips, and share your favorite works of art from the museum's collection with us on Twitter: Tag @ClevelandArt and #favMW, or leave a comment on the blog!
Portrait of Tieleman Roosterman, 1634
You may right-click to save any image of this object for personal, non-commercial use.


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Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 832729
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description
Data Identifiers
Time Co-ordinates(UT)
Spatial Co-ordinates
Problem Reports
No Problem Report Found in the Database
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Neil Brown MK3 CTD
The Neil Brown MK3 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler consists of an integral unit containing pressure, temperature and conductivity sensors with an optional dissolved oxygen sensor in a pressure-hardened casing. The most widely used variant in the 1980s and 1990s was the MK3B. An upgrade to this, the MK3C, was developed to meet the requirements of the WOCE project.
The MK3C includes a low hysteresis, titanium strain gauge pressure transducer. The transducer temperature is measured separately, allowing correction for the effects of temperature on pressure measurements. The MK3C conductivity cell features a free flow, internal field design that eliminates ducted pumping and is not affected by external metallic objects such as guard cages and external sensors.
Additional optional sensors include pH and a pressure-temperature fluorometer. The instrument is no longer in production, but is supported (repair and calibration) by General Oceanics.
These specification apply to the MK3C version.
6500 m
3200 m (optional)
|-3 to 32°C
|1 to 6.5 S cm-1
0.03% FS < 1 msec
0.003°C < 30 msec
0.0001 S cm-1
0.0003 S cm-1 < 30 msec
Further details can be found in the specification sheet.
Aquatracka fluorometer
The Chelsea Instruments Aquatracka is a logarithmic response fluorometer. It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging between 320 and 800 nm through a blue filter with a peak transmission of 420 nm and a bandwidth at half maximum of 100 nm. A red filter with sharp cut off, 10% transmission at 664 nm and 678 nm, is used to pass chlorophyll-a fluorescence to the sample photodiode.
The instrument may be deployed either in a through-flow tank, on a CTD frame or moored with a data logging package.
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Chelsea Technologies Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Irradiance Sensor
This sensor was originally designed to assist the study of marine photosynthesis. With the use of logarithmic amplication, the sensor covers a range of 6 orders of magnitude, which avoids setting up the sensor range for the expected signal level for different ambient conditions.
The sensor consists of a hollow PTFE 2-pi collector supported by a clear acetal dome diverting light to a filter and photodiode from which a cosine response is obtained. The sensor can be used in moorings, profiling or deployed in towed vehicles and can measure both upwelling and downwelling light.
|Operation depth
|1000 m
|2000 to 0.002 µE m-2 s-1
|Angular Detection Range
|± 130° from normal incidence
|Relative Spectral Sensitivity
flat to ± 3% from 450 to 700 nm
down 8% of 400 nm and 36% at 350 nm
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
SeaTech Transmissometer
The transmissometer is designed to accurately measure the the amount of light transmitted by a modulated Light Emitting Diode (LED) through a fixed-length in-situ water column to a synchronous detector.
- Water path length: 5 cm (for use in turbid waters) to 1 m (for use in clear ocean waters).
- Beam diameter: 15 mm
- Transmitted beam collimation: <3 milliradians
- Receiver acceptance angle (in water): <18 milliradians
- Light source wavelength: usually (but not exclusively) 660 nm (red light)
The instrument can be interfaced to Aanderaa RCM7 current meters. This is achieved by fitting the transmissometer in a slot cut into a customized RCM4-type vane.
A red LED (660 nm) is used for general applications looking at water column sediment load. However, green or blue LEDs can be fitted for specilised optics applications. The light source used is identified by the BODC parameter code.
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's Manual.
RRS Challenger 108C CTD Data Documentation
The CTD profiles were taken with an RVS Neil Brown Systems Mk3B CTD incorporating a pressure sensor, conductivity cell, platinum resistance thermometer and a Beckmann dissolved oxygen sensor. The CTD unit was mounted vertically in the centre of a protective cage approximately 1.5 m square. Attached to the bars of the frame were a Chelsea Instruments Aquatracka fluorometer and a SeaTech red light (661 nm) transmissometer with a 25 cm path length.
Above the frame was a General Oceanics rosette sampler fitted with twelve 10-litre water bottles. These comprised a mixture of Niskin, general purpose Go-Flo and ultra-clean teflon lined Go-Flo bottles as dictated by sampling requirements. The bases of the bottles were 0.75 m above the pressure head and their tops 1.55 m above it. One bottle was fitted with a holder for twin digital reversing thermometers mounted 1.38 m above the CTD temperature sensor.
Above the rosette was a PML 2pi PAR (photosynthetically available radiation) sensor pointing upwards to measure downwelling irradiance. A second 2pi PAR sensor, pointing downwards, was fitted to the bottom of the cage to measure upwelling irradiance. It should be noted that these sensors were vertically separated by 2 metres with the upwelling sensor 0.2 metres below the pressure head and the downwelling sensor 1.75 metres above it.
No account has been taken of rig geometry in the compilation of the CTD data set. However, all water bottle sampling depths have been corrected for rig geometry and represent the true position of the midpoint of the water bottle in the water column.
Data Acquisition
On each cast the CTD was lowered to a depth of approximately 5 metres and held until the oxygen reading stabilised. It was then raised to the surface and lowered continuously at 0.5 to 1.0 m s-1 to the closest comfortable proximity to the sea floor. The upcast was done in stages between the bottle firing depths.
Data were logged by the Research Vessel Services ABC data logging system. Output channels from the deck unit were logged at 16 Hz by a microprocessor interface (the Level A) which passed time stamped averaged cycles at 1Hz to a Sun workstation (the Level C) via a buffering system (the Level B).
On-Board Data Processing
The raw data comprised ADC counts. These were converted into engineering units (Volts for PAR meters, fluorometer and transmissometer; ml l-1for oxygen; mohms cm-1 for conductivity; °C for temperature; decibars for pressure) by the application of laboratory determined calibrations. Salinity (Practical Salinity Units as defined in Fofonoff and Millard,1983) was calculated from the conductivity ratios (conductivity / 42.914) and a time lagged temperature using the function described in UNESCO Report 37 (1981) .
The data were submitted to BODC in this form on Quarter Inch Cartridge tapes in RVS internal format for post-cruise processing and databanking.
Post-Cruise Processing
The data were converted into the BODC internal format (PXF) to allow the use of in-house software tools, notably the workstation graphics editor. In addition to reformatting, the transfer program applied the following modifications to the data:
- Dissolved oxygen was converted from ml l-1 to µM by multiplying the values by 44.66.
- Transmissometer voltages were corrected to the manufacturer's specified voltage (4.747V) by ratio using transmissometer air readings recorded during the cruise (4.727V).
- Transmissometer voltages were converted to percentage transmission by multiplying them by a factor of 20.
- The transmissometer data were converted to attenuance using the algorithm:-
|attenuance = -4 * ln (percent transmittance / 100)
Reformatted CTD data were transferred onto a high speed graphics workstation. Using custom in-house graphics editors, downcasts and upcasts were differentiated and the limits of the downcasts and upcasts were manually flagged.
Secondly, spikes on all the downcast channels were manually flagged. No data values were edited or deleted; quality control was achieved by modification of the associated quality control flag.
The pressure ranges over which the bottle samples were being collected were logged by manual interaction with the software. Usually, the marked reaction of the oxygen sensor to the bottle firing sequence was used to determine this. These pressure ranges were subsequently used, in conjunction with a geometrical correction for the position of the water bottles with respect to the CTD pressure transducer, to determine the pressure range of data to be averaged for calibration values.
Once screened on the workstation, the CTD downcasts were loaded into a database under the ORACLE Relational DataBase Management System. The fluorometer was obviously malfunctioning on this cruise. The signal was noisy and baseline drift between casts exceeded the total signal. Consequently, all fluorometer data were flagged as suspect after loading into the database.
With the exception of pressure, calibrations were done by comparison of CTD data against measurements made on water bottle samples or, for temperature, from the reversing thermometers mounted on the water bottles. In general, values were averaged from the CTD downcasts but where inspection on a graphics workstation showed significant hysteresis, values were manually extracted from the CTD upcasts.
All calibrations described here have been applied to the data.
The pressure offset was determined by looking at the pressures recorded when the CTD was clearly logging in air (readily apparent from the conductivity channel). The offsets formed two distinct value clusters. Consequently two calibrations have been applied thus:
|CTD1 to CTD25
|Corrected pressure = Observed pressure + 1.47
|CTD26 to CTD31
|Corrected pressure = Observed pressure + 0.57
The CTD temperature was compared with the digital reversing thermometers attached to the water bottles and was found to agree closely. Consequently, no correction has been applied to the temperature data.
Salinity was calibrated against water bottle samples measured on the Guildline 55358 Autolab Salinometer during the cruise. Samples were randomly taken from the bottles fired on 28 casts.
Samples were collected in glass bottles filled to just below the neck and sealed with plastic stoppers. Batches of samples were left for at least 24 hours to reach thermal equilibrium in the constant temperature laboratory containing the salinometer before analysis.
The correction offset for this cruise was found to be 0.00 ± 0.002, hence no calibration was required.
The dissolved oxygen sensor was calibrated against Winkler titration data as a primary standard and calibrated data from the Endeco underway sensor as a secondary standard. The oxygen titrations were undertaken using an automated titration technique similar to that described in Williams and Jenkinson (1982).
The following calibration equation was determined by regression analysis:
|Corrected Oxygen = Observed Oxygen + 206 (R2 = 50.8%, n=31)
The fluorometer malfunctioned on this cruise and consequently no CTD chlorophyll data are available. Users requiring chlorophyll data are referred to the water bottle and continuous underway data sets.
The light meter voltages were converted to µE/m2/s using the following equations determined by RVS in February 1990.
|Downwelling PAR = exp (-4.977 * V + 7.0040) * 0.0375
|Upwelling PAR = exp (-5.031* V + 6.8751) * 0.0375
Note that the scaling constant of 0.0375 is an empirical conversion from µW/cm2. The data may therefore be converted to W/m2 by dividing by 3.75 if required.
Suspended Particulate Matter
The attenuance data were calibrated in terms of suspended particulate material by regressing attenuance values at the bottle firing depths against gravimetric determinations of sediment load. Data from all three legs of CH108 were pooled to produce a single calibration.
The calibration obtained was:
|Suspended particulate load = (attenuance + 0.8188) / 0.2286 (n=61; R2=81.0%)
It should be noted that the intercept of this calibration (-0.82) differs significantly from the theoretically predicted value of 0.37.
Data Reduction
Once all screening and calibration procedures were completed, the data set was binned to 2 db (casts deeper than 100 db) or 1 db (casts shallower than 100 db). The binning algorithm excluded any data points flagged suspect and attempted linear interpolation over gaps up to 3 bins wide. If any gaps larger than this were encountered, the data in the gaps were set null.
Oxygen saturation data in the database have been computed from the calibrated oxygen, temperature and salinity data using the algorithm of Benson and Krause (1984).
Data Warnings
There are no fluorometer data from this cruise.
The intercept of the transmissometer SPM calibration deviates significantly from the theoretically predicted value.
Benson B.B. and Krause D. jnr. 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in fresh water and sea water in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29 pp.620.632.
Fofonoff N.P. and Millard Jr., R.C. 1982. Algorithms for Computation of Fundamental Properties of Seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 44.
Williams P.J. leB, and Jenkinson N.W. 1982. A transportable microprocessor-controlled Winkler titration suitable for field station and shipboard use. Limnol.Oceanogr. 27 pp.567-585.
Project Information
Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS)
The Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) was a Community Research Project of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The broad aim of LOIS was to gain an understanding of, and an ability to predict, the nature of environmental change in the coastal zone around the UK through an integrated study from the river catchments through to the shelf break.
LOIS was a collaborative, multidisciplinary study undertaken by scientists from NERC research laboratories and Higher Education institutions. The LOIS project was managed from NERC's Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
The project ran for six years from April 1992 until April 1998 with a further modelling and synthesis phase beginning in April 1998 and ending in April 2000.
Project Structure
LOIS consisted of the following components:
- River-Atmosphere-Coast Study (RACS)
- RACS(A) - Atmospheric sub-component
- RACS(C) - Coasts sub-component
- RACS(R) - Rivers sub-component
- BIOTA - Terrestrial salt marsh study
- Land Ocean Evolution Perspective Study (LOEPS)
- Shelf-Edge Study (SES)
- North Sea Modelling Study (NORMS)
- Data Management (DATA)
Marine Fieldwork
Marine field data were collected between September 1993 and September 1997 as part of RACS(C) and SES. The RACS data were collected throughout this period from the estuaries and coastal waters of the UK North Sea coast from Great Yarmouth to the Tweed. The SES data were collected between March 1995 and September 1996 from the Hebridean slope. Both the RACS and SES data sets incorporate a broad spectrum of measurements collected using moored instruments and research vessel surveys.
Data Activity or Cruise Information
|Cruise Name
|Departure Date
|Arrival Date
|Principal Scientist(s)
|Geoff Millward (University of Plymouth Institute of Marine Studies)
|RRS Challenger
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
|Below detection limit
|In excess of quoted value
|Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
|Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
|Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
|Thermometric depth
|End of CTD Down/Up Cast
|Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
|Extrapolated value
|Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
|Improbable value - unknown quality control source
|Improbable value - originator's quality control
|Improbable value - BODC quality control
|Null value
|Improbable value - user quality control
|Replacement value
|Estimated value
|Interpolated value
|Control value
|Excessive difference
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
|no quality control
|good value
|probably good value
|probably bad value
|bad value
|changed value
|value below detection
|value in excess
|interpolated value
|missing value
|value phenomenon uncertain
|value below limit of quantification


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This auction is for a Fujitsu tablet it is still functional it does not come with the adapter it has a battery it holds a charge but not sure how long it holds four so you may need to replace the battery. it does come with the operating system and does come with the stylus pen and it does work as you can see from the photos further details of system information can also be seen in the photos it is in decent condition with signs of wear in places such as some scuff marks or scratches however the unit is very responsive and works nicely again it does come with the operating system it's a windows XP version and it has 512 MB of RAM and comes with a 40 GB hard drive. Sold as is
Terms and Conditions
Look at photos (Actual)
Item sold as is
All sales final
What you see is what you get
Ask questions
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No Warranty
No international shipping - unless it is listed as Global Shipping
Shipping is always free - unless you would like to send a little extra :) or if the item is purchased under Global shipping that charge is applied from ebays shippers not me.
Important note: I am not responsible for shipping damages - when I send out my items they are sent as described. I will not issue any refunds and I will definitely not pay return shipping - the items are all sold free shipping - no free returns is applicable and it is packaged in wrapping or box of my choice. I'm not responsible if you take a blade to the box and damage it - use discretion when opening any package not just mine.
Some of my products come in the original box they will be wrapped with either plastic or paper material as to keep secret the contents.
These are what my terms and conditions are - please do not place a bid before confirming any concerns with me - any purchases made from me will assume that you have fully read and understood these terms.
If you feel that the price listing is too high please let me know - present me with a competitor and I will surely try to beat their price (Most of the time you can send a best offer - you will be surprised how generous I am sometimes - I can always adjust the price to meet your expectations
Keep in mind that some offers may be too low to even cover my cost of fees and will not be accepted bear in mind that ebay sales incur fees which I have to pay - I do my best by offering free shipping where applicable
Please look at the photos
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Thanks for looking and have a great eDay !!!


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BOSTON, Mass.—UMass Boston (9-1, 3-0) responded well to their first loss of the season with an efficient 3-0 victory over Southern Maine (1-9, 0-3) in a Little East Conference contest Saturday afternoon at the Clark Athletic Field.
Sophomore Krista Ledin (Bridgewater, Mass.) led the Beacons high-powered attack with two goals, while midfielder Sam Cristoforo (Rockland, Mass.) added the game-winning goal and an assist. For Cristoforo, it was her third game-winning goal of the season.
Midfielders Julie Nutting (Rockland, Mass.) and Brittany Castillo (Yarmouth, Mass.) each picked up an assist in the win.
Goalkeeper Kristen Spain (Quincy, Mass.) notched her fifth shutout of the season, by making two saves. Spain has now recorded a shutout in four of her past five contests.
Senior goalkeeper Katie Cobb earned her first start of the season and was huge in net for the Huskies. Cobb made a season-high seven stops, while allowing three goals.
The Beacons dominated the game from the start, owning the ball for the majority of the first half and getting the better end of the chances. It took less than 10 minutes for UMass Boston to get on the board, when the Rockland connection made it 1-0. Nutting passed the ball to Cristoforo at the top of the box and Cristoforo hit a line drive through traffic that beat Cobb to the far post.
The second-half was dominated by Ledin who scored her league-high 12th and 13th goals of the season within a 15-minute span. In the 62nd minute, Ledin took a corner-kick pass from Castillo in traffic and flicked the ball into the net on a shot off the back of her heel.
Fifteen minutes later, Ledin received a pass from Cristoforo and sent the ball high over Cobb's head into the top part of the netting.
Southern Maine had two great chances to get on the board late in the game but fell short on both accounts.
In the 81st minute, Emma Pooler sent a terrific shot from the top of the box towards the top right-corner, but Spain went up and made a leaping save to keep the shutout intact. Seven minutes later, Pooler had a breakaway chance but her shot went well wide of the net from the top of the box.
The Beacons finished with a 26-7 shot advantage and grabbed a 7-2 edge in corner kicks.
With the win, UMass Boston extended their winning streak over the Huskies to five straight games.
UMass Boston will return to the pitch Wednesday in New Hampshire at 3:30 when they take on the Colby-Sawyer College Chargers.


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The Spurs blew a 17-point lead in the first half before rallying late in the fourth to win again without guard Manu Ginobili. Ginobili is still out with a strained left hamstring.
Evan Turner led the Sixers with 18 points and 12 rebounds. The Sixers lost for the seventh time in nine games. Andrew Bynum, out all season with knee injured knees, said before the game he remained on target to return around the All-Star break.
The Sixers could use him. Without their best player, they've slumped to seven games under .500.
Without Ginobili for the fourth straight game, the Spurs got clutch baskets down the stretch to win their NBA-high 15th road game.
After a miserable first half, the Sixers turned to Spencer Hawes and Nick Young off the bench to come back. The Sixers erased the early 17-point hole with three straight big baskets in the fourth.
Royal Ivey pulled them within two, Turner's 14-footer tied it at 73-all and Hawes put them ahead for the first time in the game with a 17-footer that made it 75-73.
Thaddeus Young's short jumper put the crowd of 15,346 on their feet and stirred up the "Defense!" chant for the first time all game.
Nick Young's 3-pointer and long jumper gave the Sixers a seven-point lead.
But then the sloppy play took hold. Easy missed shots. Turnovers. Duncan blocked Jrue Holiday's layup.
The Spurs got it together. Kawhi Leonard dunked off a turnover, then buried a 3 off a defensive board to tie it 88-all. Duncan's jumper made it 84-82 and Parker swished one the next time down. Danny Green's steal ended the threat and the Spurs escaped.
Led by Duncan, the Spurs took control of this one early and raced to a 17-point lead in the second quarter.
At last in the third, the Sixers came ready to play, showing the sharp shooting touch that abandoned them in the first half. Hawes, who scored 16, buried a 3 as part of an 8-0 run that sliced the gap down to four. Thaddeus Young, however, missed two free throws that would have inched the Sixers closer.
As they do, the Spurs took advantage of the missed opportunities from the line. Parker pushed them back with a jumper and Kawhi Leonard's thunderous dunk quickly made it 61-49.
They just couldn't put away the Sixers that easily. Maybe the outcome would have been different with Bynum.
Bynum, their big offseason acquisition, again expressed optimism he'd finally be ready to play around next month's All-Star game. Bynum has sat out the season because of bone bruises on both his knees. He practiced jump shots with the Sixers at the morning's shootaround and insisted he was pain free.
Bynum, a free agent at the end of the year, has no intention of rushing back. There's still plenty he has to work on before he's cleared.
"It's going to be defensive slides, cutting, running full speed and stopping, backpedaling, jumping," he said. "Explosive stuff."
Bynum wasn't the only reason the Sixers' locker room was buzzing before the game. Former great Charles Barkley - his retired No. 34 hangs in the rafters - called the game for TNT and was a pregame visitor. Barkley received a huge standing ovation when the Sixers aired a video tribute to him.
NOTES: The Spurs won for the 14th time in 17 games. ... The Spurs had averaged 98.0 points in their previous 10 road games. ... The Spurs were 19 of 26 from the free throw line; the 76ers 7 of 11.


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This phone number and email address are not monitored outside our business hours of 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. If your inquiry is urgent, please call the on-call media relations representative at 412-392-7963.
Contact UPMC at1-800-533-UPMC (8762).
Go to Find a Doctor to search for a UPMC doctor.
Dr. Siminerio's primary research topics include diabetes education, diabetes translation into community interventions, pediatric diabetes care and education, and the psychosocial and behavioral aspects of diabetes.
In her role at the Diabetes Institute, Dr. Siminerio has organized 44 diabetes self-management education programs throughout western Pennsylvania and for the U.S. military at Wilford Hall Medical Center at the Lackland Air Force Base in Texas. She has worked with the UPMC Diabetes Inpatient Safety Committee to train staff nurses on diabetes education.
Dr. Siminerio is the author of numerous books and scientific publications in her field and is the author of the National Standards for Diabetes Education and the International Diabetes Standards and Curriculum.
She is senior vice president for the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and served as Chair of the IDF World Congress in 2009. She was the editor-in-chief of Diabetes Forecast, and a past president of Health Care and Education for the American Diabetes Association.
Dr. Siminerio received her B.S.N. from Pennsylvania State University, her M.S. from the University of Pittsburgh, and her Ph.D. in health education from Pennsylvania State University.
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I think I over used the word "work" in this post.
I think the Scout will be ready for wheeling by the 19th, it can probably go now, but the carb I have really sucks ass. I am hoping to put in a replacement in the coming weeks. Since we wont be doing anything challenging the Scout could probably go with the current carb.
No thanks, I can't wait to toss my holley in the garbage. I still have another holley I could rebuild, but I am going a different route.
I have been in 4x4x garage day mode for like 3 weeks now. Stop by anytime. The Scout is getting mucho work, I guess.
I get older that day but I think I can make it work


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Everyone loves comedy legend Mel Brooks! Amy Poehler and Sarah Silverman, along with Billy Crystal, Julie Chen, and Martin Scorsese, were among those who honored the comedian at The American Film Institute's 41st Life Achievement Award Tribute. The honor is the highest recognition the AFI gives out for a career in film. Though, Brooks is no stranger to receiving awards. The man behind Blazing Saddles, The Producers, Robin Hood: Men in Tights, and more has earned the coveted EGOT status, having won an Emmy, Golden Globe, Oscar, and Tony. Read more about his achievements at afi.com, and tune in to watch the program (with Poehler and Silverman cameos) this Saturday on TNT.
• Amy Hosts the Worldwide Orphans Foundation
• Go Inside More Celebrity Parties
• Amy's Parks and Rec Wedding Dress


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Latest News
June 28, 2016
Concordia University-Portland is among the Oregon private, nonprofit colleges and universities welcoming potential students and their families to campus during Oregon Private College Week July 25-29, 2016.
June 6, 2016
Cascadia Rising, a multi-agency, multi-state earthquake preparedness exercise, will be hosted in part by Concordia University's Homeland Security Simulation Center on its Columbia River Campus, 11703 NE Glenn Widing Drive, on Wednesday, June 8 and Thursday, June 9, 2016.
As reported by the Associated Press on OregonLive June 6, 2016
May 19, 2016
Concordia University will host a series of free, public, summer events on its Portland, Ore. campus at 2811 N.E. Holman St., unless otherwise noted. Click here for a full list of events.
May 1, 2016
Hundreds gather for Spring Commencement at Concordia U. in NE Portland
From Singapore to South Africa, students worldwide earned their higher education degrees today from Concordia University-Portland, a nonprofit Lutheran university with a mission to prepare leaders to transform society.


text: Martin Sussman, an internationally known expert in holistic vision care, is the author of five books, audio courses and DVDs, including the #1 best-selling The Program for Better Vision and the Read Without Glasses Method (for middle age sight). He is the founder and president of the Cambridge Institute for Better Vision, which he established in 1977. He can be reached at email@example.com. Information about his approach to vision improvement that is more than eye exercises can be found at www.bettervision.com. The nutritional formula for vision he recommends, EYEMAX-plus, is available at a special discounted price for readers of this column.


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Located just a few miles from the Hendrick Motorsport's complex and just down the road from Lowe's headquarters, Charlotte Motorspeedway is the perfect spot for Jimmie Johnson to dominate.
With a victory in Saturday night's All Star Race, Johnson moved passed two of his heroes, Jeff Gordon and Dale Earnhardt Sr., in all time All Star wins.
"To beat Jeff and Earnhardt, two guys I've looked up to my whole life," said Johnson about moving to the top of the win column. "This means the world to me."
In the first four segments of the event, Johnson didn't have the fastest car. That honor belonged to the two Busch brothers, Kurt and Kyle.
"We just didn't get the best pit stop there at the end to get us out on the front row," said Kyle Busch on not being able to take the fastest car to victory in the last segment. "It is what it is. We'll just take this as a good learning day and hopefully bring back some speed like this to the 600."
Johnson just couldn't keep pace but an eleven second pit stop before the final 10 lap segment put his car out front which proved to be the winning move.
"I really didn't think that we would be able to come down pit road and have a stop that fast," said winning Crew Chief Chad Knaus on his teams winning stop. "Man, those guys just absolutely nailed it. My hat's off to them."
Johnson was a little skeptical of his chances gain a fourth All Star title but, knew that his team would not let him down.
"I really didn't think we had a shot at winning tonight," said Johnson after the event. "Every member on this No. 48 team is very proud of what we've accomplished, but we know we've got to keep pushing harder and pushing one another."
That pushing is what put the No. 48 team out front for the final segment and led to a record setting night for Johnson and his team. With his return to victory at Charlotte, Johnson will be the favorite as the series heads into the 600 in a few days.
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After two rainy days, the sun came out today and shone brilliantly all the day long. A perfect day for working outside! With everything that's been going on around here the last few months, we're horribly behind on our farm work. So, with the sun shining and a gentle breeze keeping us cool, the children and I spent the day getting things caught up.
Lynden helped me prepare the onion bed for planting. Who would have thought rolling spikes along the ground could be so fun and exciting? Little clumps of grass became "monsters" that needed to be eliminated, with Lynden the Brave coming to the rescue.
Robin carefully dropped each little onion-in-waiting into its hole in the ground. He took this task very seriously indeed, hollering at anyone who came near the bed. Our little green thumb was totally delighted when I raked the soil over and tucked the onions in to grow.
Later, when it was time to put the trowel and rake away, we discovered a broody hen in the garage! Well, well, well – a torn old bag for a nest! And in the corner of a damp, dark garage, to boot. What a silly lady! It looked like she was sitting on eight eggs or so. Now we wait. How many will she hatch?
For a while I tried to get some pasture seed sown in the goat/sheep yard, but quickly realised it was an exercise in futility. The chickens gobbled up every seed they could find. Pasture seed is not inexpensive! The seeding of the goat/sheep yard is going to have to wait until the rest of the chickens are confined in the almost-finished chicken tractor (the finishing of which will have to take priority this weekend!). I did get lots of peas in the ground, as well as a large bed of beans (this year we planted Cherokee Trail of Tears, Aunt Emma's, and Cranberry). The chickens don't dig up the legumes like they do with smaller seeds, thank goodness.
The goats and sheep got a new salt lick today. This wouldn't be an event worth mentioning, if not for Day Lily's reaction. Apparently this was something to be excited over – Day Lily pranced around like it was Christmas morning, and kept returning to the salt lick to have a little nibble. You'd think the silly gal had never had a salt lick before.
While I worked in the garden, Robin followed me around with the leftover onion starters. He refused to believe that I didn't need to plant another onion bed, and was pretty mad at me when I said "No, thank you," as he attempted to put onions in the bean bed. He brought this bag of leftover onion starters into the house with him, and sat down to dinner with the bag still clutched in one hand. When he realised that it would be difficult to eat with only one hand free, Robin sat on the onion bag. Oddler got quite a surprise when he sniffed at the bag and received a whack on the nose!
Raina quite adamantly did not want to help in the garden today, which is quite unusual for her. Instead, she took her shirt off and ran through the fields, then spent much of her afternoon swinging and climbing. She scaled a tree, then cried for me to help her get down. She spun herself silly on the tire swing. She found a muddy place and squished her feet in, getting nice and dirty. I think it's safe to say that Raina enjoyed her day.
So, while we're still behind in the garden department, I did get onions, peas and beans into the ground. I got several beds weeded and ready for planting. And while it's not as much as I would have liked, I have to remind myself that I did all of this with a month-old baby slung on the front of me and had to accommodate for several nursing breaks throughout the day. I'll count this day as a success, however small my accomplishments.


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Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer that occurs in muscle cells and tends to occur in children 1-5 years old. There are 3 main types:
- Embryonal—often occurs in the head, neck, or genital or urinary organs
- Alveolar—often occurs in the arms, legs, chest, abdomen, or genital or anal areas
- Anaplastic—rarely occurs in children
Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without control or order. Eventually these cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Cancer cells also invade and destroy nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. It is not known what causes these changes in the cells. It is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Risk Factors
Certain inherited diseases may increase the chance of rhabdomyosarcoma, such as:
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Neurofibromatosis
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- Costello syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
Babies may have an increased risk for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma if the baby:
- Has high birth weight
- Is larger than expected
In the early stages, the cancer is small and does not cause symptoms. As it grows, the tumor may create a lump or swelling. The tumor may then start to push on nearby normal structures and cause symptoms. Symptoms will vary, depending on where the tumor is and what it is affecting. For example, tumors found in the:
- Head may cause blockage or discharge of the nose or sinus, facial paralysis, or a hoarse voice
- Eye may make the eyes stick out or appear larger and affect eye sight
- Lung may cause coughing and breathlessness
- Bladder or bowel may cause abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, or trouble urinating
- Uterus may cause bleeding or discharge from the vagina and pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen
General symptoms may also include fatigue, feeling generally ill, and weight loss.
You will be asked about your child's symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
An x-ray may be done to create an image of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
A biopsy will be done to confirm the diagnosis. A small sample of the tumor will be removed and examined for the presence of cancer.
Further surgery may be done to determine the stage of cancer. Stage is determined by the size of the cancer, if it has spread and how far it has spread. Staging will help your doctor plan treatment.
Treatments may include:
Surgery may be done to remove the tumor and nearby tissue. Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is the use of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It may be used as treatment on its own or in combination with other treatments.
Radiation therapy may be given before surgery to shrink the tumor before removing it or used after surgery to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. Radiation therapy options include:
- External—radiation directed at the tumor from a source outside the body
- Internal (brachytherapy)—radioactive materials placed into the body near the cancer cells
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be given in many forms, including: pill, injection, or by catheter. The drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body killing mostly cancer cells, but also some healthy cells. Chemotherapy is generally reserved for only certain times, such as when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It is designed to slow the pace of the disease, but is not considered a cure.
There are no current guidelines to prevent rhabdomyosarcoma because the cause is unknown.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Mohei Abouzied, MD
- Review Date: 05/2016 -
- Update Date: 05/28/2014 -


text:
SOURCE: Equity News Circuit
February 12, 2013 08:45 ET
Note to Editors: The Following Is an Investment Opinion Being Issued by the EQUITY NEWS CIRCUIT
Note to Editors: The Following Is an Investment Opinion Being Issued by the EQUITY NEWS CIRCUIT
NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwire - Feb 12, 2013) - The Bedford Report has released new equity reports today. As a leading provider of free in depth reports and timely market updates, Bedford is an essential resource for hundreds of thousands of investors across the country.
Amyris Inc. (NASDAQ: AMRS) shares surged 12.6 percent on over 600,000 shares traded Monday. The company has recently announced that it has shipped the first truckload of Biofene from its new plant in Brazil. Amyris is scheduled to release financial results for the fourth quarter 2012 on February 19th.
Find out more about Amyris including full access to the free equity report at: www.BedfordReport.com/AMRS
Diamond Foods, Inc. (NASDAQ: DMND) shares spiked 13.5 percent on more than seven times the average daily volume Monday. Investment firm BlackRock recently disclosed it has increased its stake in the company from 7.6 percent to 7.85 percent.
Find out more about Diamond Foods including full access to the free equity report at: www.BedfordReport.com/DMND
Myriad Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MYGN) shares declined over 5.5 percent on more than 2.2 million shares traded Monday. The company reported net income in the second fiscal quarter increased 22 percent year-over-year to $35 million.
Find out more about Myriad Genetics including full access to the free equity report at: www.BedfordReport.com/MYGN
UniPixel Inc. (NASDAQ: UNXL) shares gained 14 percent on over 1 million shares traded Monday. Analysts at Williams Capital have recently initiated coverage on the company with a "buy" rating. UniPixel is scheduled to release results for the fourth quarter 2012 on March 4th, 2013.
Find out more about UniPixel including full access to the free equity report at: www.BedfordReport.com/UNXL
Disclaimer: Information, opinions and analysis contained herein are based on sources believed to be reliable, but no representation, expressed or implied, is made as to its accuracy, completeness or correctness. The opinions contained herein reflect our current judgment and are subject to change without notice. We accept no liability for any losses arising from an investor's reliance on or use of this report. This report is for information purposes only, and is neither a solicitation to buy nor an offer to sell securities. Certain information included herein is forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements concerning manufacturing, marketing, growth, and expansion. Such forward-looking information involves important risks and uncertainties that could affect actual results and cause them to differ materially from expectations expressed herein.
A third party, Providence Media Strategies LLC has paid Equity News Circuit five hundred dollars for the publication of this news release. Neither Equity News Circuit, nor the hiring party, has a financial relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this release. Neither Equity News Circuit nor the hiring party are a registered investment advisor, and nothing in this report is intended as a solicitation to buy or sell any security.
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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Don't catch a chill, chill out at the Aquarium of Niagara throughout February. It's time for the annual storytellers' visits, sponsored by Target. Beginning Feb. 2, each storyteller will share a tale or two in their own special way. Children must be accompanied by at least one adult.
Storytelling will begin with Annemarie Jason, an annual Aquarium visitor, who literally pulls her tales out of her "story hat." Her stories involve music, action, puppets and rhymes. She and the other tellers of tales will appear at 11:30 a.m. and 2:45 p.m. each Saturday.
Jason is also the storyteller Saturday, Feb. 9. This day usually featured Mr. Beau the Clown. The Aquarium of Niagara was saddened to hear of his passing late last year.
On the third Saturday, Feb. 16, Denise Chapman-Acosta will share stories be accompanied by drumming and song.
The final story date is Feb. 23, when The Wondermakers, a traveling troupe, perform story theater, fables and folktales.
All the storytellers will be in the second level Community Room. Aquarium of Niagara members are free and regular admission rates will be in effect for non-members; adults, $10; $6 for children and free for 2 and under.
No reservations are needed. For more information, call 716-285-3575, ext. 206.


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text:
Quiz: Jay-Z Lyric or Line From The Great Gatsby?
There's a lot of thematic overlap.
Jay-Z is writing part of the score to Baz Luhrmann's Great Gatsby, and what a perfect fit it is. Hova's lyrics and F. Scott Fitzgerald's classic have so much in common: Both describe struggle and dejection, gender roles and social ills, the glamour and trappings of wealth, and the allure of the American dream. Plus parties and cars and fashion! Take our quiz and see if can tell your West Eggs from your Hello, Brooklyns.


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How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 1: A selection quoted from President Theodore Roosevelt's State of the Union Address, December 3, 1901
In the arid region, it is water, not land, which measures production. The western half of the United States would sustain a population greater than that of our whole country to-day if the waters that now run to waste were saved and used for irrigation.
The forest and water problems are perhaps the most vital internal questions of the United States. The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining the streams in flood and replenishing them in drought they make possible the use of waters otherwise wasted. The forests alone cannot, however, fully regulate and conserve the waters of the arid region. Great storage works are necessary to equalize the flow of streams and to save the flood waters. Their construction has been conclusively shown to be an undertaking too vast for private effort. Nor can it be best accomplished by the individual States acting alone. Far-reaching interstate problems are involved; and the resources of single States would often be inadequate. It is properly a national function, at least in some of its features. It is as right for the National Government to make the streams and rivers of the arid region useful by engineering works for water storage as to make useful the rivers and harbors of the humid region by engineering works of another kind. The storing of the floods in reservoirs at the headwaters of our rivers is but an enlargement of our present policy of river control, under which levees are built on the lower reaches of the same streams.
The Government should construct and maintain these reservoirs as it does other public works. The object . . . is to dispose of the land to settlers who will build homes upon it. To accomplish this object water must be brought within their reach.
The pioneer settlers on the arid public domain chose their homes along streams from which they could themselves divert the water to reclaim their holdings. Such opportunities are practically gone. There remain, however, vast areas of public land which can be made available for homestead settlement, but only by reservoirs and main-line canals impracticable for private enterprise. These irrigation works should be built by the National Government. The lands reclaimed by them should be reserved by the Government for actual settlers, and the cost of construction should so far as possible be repaid by the land reclaimed. The distribution of the water, the division of the streams among irrigators, should be left to the settlers themselves in conformity with State laws and without interference with those laws or with vested rights. The policy of the National Government should be to aid irrigation in the several States and Territories in such manner as will enable the people in the local communities to help themselves.
The reclamation and settlement of the arid lands will enrich every portion of our country, just as the settlement of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys brought prosperity to the Atlantic States. The increased demand for manufactured articles will stimulate industrial production, while wider home markets and the trade of Asia will consume the larger food supplies and effectually prevent Western competition with Eastern agriculture. Our people as a whole will profit, for successful home-making is but another name for the upbuilding of the nation.
It would be unwise to begin by doing too much, for a great deal will doubtless be learned, both as to what can and what cannot be safely attempted, by the early efforts, which must of necessity be partly experimental in character. No reservoir or canal should ever be built to satisfy selfish personal or local interests; but only in accordance with the advice of trained experts, after long investigation has shown the locality where all the conditions combine to make the work most needed and fraught with the greatest usefulness to the community as a whole. There should be no extravagance, and the believers in the need of irrigation will most benefit their cause by seeing to it that it is free from the least taint of excessive or reckless expenditure of the public moneys.
Whatever the nation does for the extension of irrigation should harmonize with, and tend to improve, the condition of those now living on irrigated land. We are not at the starting point of this development. Over two hundred millions of private capital has already been expended in the construction of irrigation works, and many million acres of arid land reclaimed.
Our aim should be not simply to reclaim the largest area of land and provide homes for the largest number of people, but to create for this new industry the best possible social and industrial conditions; and this requires that we not only understand the existing situation, but avail ourselves of the best experience of the time in the solution of its problems.
Questions for Reading 1
Reading 1 is excerpted from Roosevelt's first State of the Union message, found on the State of the Union website, (accessed 2/7/12)


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6 Articles of Clothing That Caused Riots
The clothes may make the man, but sometimes it's what the clothes make the man do that makes the story. Throughout history there have been more than a few instances of an article of clothing actually inciting a riot. Here are some examples.
1. A Top Hat
In 1797, London haberdasher John Hetherington was hauled into court on charges of breaching the King's peace, found guilty, and ordered to pay a £50 fine. His crime? Wearing a silk top hat, or, as it was described in court, "appearing on the public highway wearing upon his head a tall structure having a shining lustre and calculated to frighten timid people." According to contemporary reports, people booed, dogs barked, women fainted, and a small boy suffered a broken arm after a crowd formed around the hapless Mr. Hetherington.
Top hats were evidently outlawed in London for a time after that, although not for very long—50 years later, Prince Albert boosted the hat's popularity in England by wearing one, and establishing the primacy of the top hat for generations to come. In America, it's virtually impossible to picture Abraham Lincoln without it, Monopoly just wouldn't be the same without it, and what else would Uncle Sam possibly wear?
2. Straw Hats
Acceptance of the top hat grew and by the 1920s, women didn't faint and dogs didn't bark at seeing gentlemen attired thusly. But the straw hat, however, that's a different story.
Over several nights in September 1922, gangs of hundreds of young thugs terrorized Manhattan, destroying any "unseasonable straw hat" they found. According to contemporary New York Times reports, these fashion vigilantes were armed with sticks, some with nails at the ends, and forced men in straw hats to run "gauntlets" of fists and boots. The streets were littered with broken and trampled straw hats and the remains of straw hat bonfires, the police were called in to disperse the unruly hat-haters, and hat stores were forced to stay open late to accommodate the newly hatless.
According to the Times, the hat-smashers were gangs of mostly young boys who took very seriously the September 15th end of straw hat season.
While Magistrate Peter A. Hatting (no, really) upheld the inalienable right of a man to wear a straw hat "in a January snowstorm if he wishes," the hat-smashers disagreed, choosing instead to attack any straw-hatted person and destroy their hat for them. Dozens were arrested and fined over the course of the riots and people, including several off-duty and presumably straw hat-wearing police officers, were injured.
Oddly, this same scenario had unfolded only eight years earlier, in Bridgeton, New Jersey, when the official end of hat season was September 1. The hat-snatching started as a fraternity prank, but quickly turned violent as people got rowdy and hat-wearers began to fight back. Eventually, the police and fire department had to be called in to subdue the rioters and a good number of them were hauled into court.
3. A Soccer Jersey
Soccer fans have never had much difficulty finding things to riot about, enjoying a reputation as some of the most rabid of sports fans. But back in 1910, it was an article of clothing that reportedly prompted a riot at a soccer match. Evidently, famous goalkeeper Leigh Richmond Roose caused a fracas when he played as a guest for the Port Vale team in a reserves match against his former club, Stoke—and insisted on wearing his old Stoke City jersey. Even though he won Man-of-the-Match, that didn't stop the rioting fans and players.
4. Trouser Skirts
Paris takes its fashion very, very seriously. So seriously, in fact, that wearing the wrong thing has actually caused a riot.
In 1911, two rival Parisian couture houses launched their "trouser skirts," an innovation in fashion that trod the very fixed line between the genders and seemed to promise greater flexibility for women in general. There were two different versions of the trouser skirt: One was a sort of baggy pant with a very low hanging crotch, described as "a sack with holes made for the legs to go through," not unlike the fashions on high streets today, and the other a pair of the same kind of pants topped with an over-skirt, again, not unlike high street fashions of today. Both versions were launched by models at the opening day of racing season to general revulsion and disgust, but thankfully, no violence.
It wasn't until the ladies attempted to promenade their future fashions on the boulevards that the fisticuffs started—at the Place de l'Opera, the poor models were attacked by a jeering mob of fashion Philistines, who pulled their hair, trampled their hats, and reduced them to tears. A squad of police officers on bicycles were dispatched to rescue the girls and escort them to safety.
5. Sheath Skirts
Riots in Paris we get—people in Paris love any excuse, good or not, to riot—but at anything-goes Coney Island? Bizarre, but true.
In 1908, two women clad in daring sheath, or Directoire, skirts—very tight, though long, skirts—were forced to take refuge in an automobile from an angry, pressing crowd until they were rescued by police. According to a contemporary report from the New York Times, the two women, attired in "steel gray" and "livid purple" respectively, in front of a restaurant with their dates. The couples were attempting to go to dinner when a crowd began to form around the women, "craning their necks and making remarks that did not please the wearers of the skirts."
The women were forced back into the car by the several hundred men and women crowding around them; the local policeman had to call in reserves in order to disperse the mob.
6. Any Clothes at All
In March 2009, a tourist was blamed for a "mini-riot" at a swinging sex party at an Australian nudist camp after he refused to remove his clothing. Really.
According to the owner of the White Cockatoo Resort in North Queensland, where the fracas occurred, the fight started when four female guests were confronted by one clothed man. The women complained that if he was going to see them naked, they ought to get to see him naked as well. The owner asked the man to remove his clothes, the man got angry, some "argy-bargy" (whatever that means) followed, the man was kicked off the premises, and the police were called.
This story originally appeared in 2009.


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Eighth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems
The Eighth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems (QR '94) was held on 7-10 June 1994 in Nara, Japan. Fifty-three people participated, and 34 papers were presented in either oral or poster sessions. The papers either addressed core issues of qualitative reasoning or extended the field along three axes: (1) cognitive modeling, (2) mathematical sophistication, and (3) application. Mita's self-maintenance copier and IBM's mechanism design and analysis using configuration spaces were demonstrated, convincing the participants of the promising role of qualitative-reasoning techniques in engineering and manufacturing domains.
Full Text:PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v16i2.1137
Copyright © 2018, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.


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St. Mary's University Blume Library
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Rooted in our Catholic, Jesuit educational tradition, the Helen Way Klingler College of Arts and Sciences is the intellectual heart of the university, where you'll study questions that are just as relevant today as they were centuries ago. The college features more than 30 majors, but you won't be just a number in biological sciences. Students are the heart of the program, which means you'll be able to take full advantage of the resources offered, whether it's in the classroom, laboratory, advising or career planning.
Our faculty are committed to excellence in both teaching and research. They are interested in producing leaders of conscience through the teacher-scholar model. Our department conducts research in cutting edge areas of science in developmental/cell biology, neurophysiology, genetics, biochemistry, microbiology, ecology, and molecular biology. Our faculty provide students with a model for critical thinking where students are taught to observe, evaluate and solve problems. Stand-alone lab courses and research allows our students to go beyond the textbook and interact with current issues in biology.


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Sprache. Kultur. Deutschland.
Yukon-based photographer Sean Ramsey's beautiful image of a double rainbow brightening a Kansas sky will officially be on a postage stamp today.
In honor of Independence Day, the U.S. Postal Service is celebrating the release of its new O Beautiful Forever stamps today. The O Beautiful stamp series commemorates the beauty and majesty of the United States through 20 captivating images that visually represent one of the nation's most beloved songs, "America the Beautiful," according to a news release.
The stamps will be dedicated tonight in Colorado Springs, Colorado, as part of the
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"As we celebrate America's 242nd birthday, the United States Postal Service shines a spotlight on our country's unparalleled natural beauty with a pane of 20 stamps that corresponds with one of the nation's most beloved songs," said U.S. Postal Service Colorado Wyoming District Manager Kevin Romero in a statement
From Bailey Island on the coast of Maine to the rugged cliffs of Nāpali Coast State Wilderness Park in Hawaii, the O Beautiful Forever stamps showcase the country's extraordinary natural beauty.
The stamps include a national seashore, national parks, state parks, parks managed by the U.S. Forest Service and the Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park. The stamps highlight some of the nation's hidden gems, such as wheat fields in Wisconsin and Montana and the lush, fertile landscape surrounding Orinda, California. The stamps also celebrate the country's ephemeral wonders, including the aurora borealis lighting up Three Fingers Mountain in Washington, and a quietly stunning spring sunset over the green hills of Livermore, California.
First published as a poem on July 4, 1895, "America the Beautiful" was written by poet Katharine Lee Bates (1859–1929) and set to the music of "Materna," a melody composed by Samuel Augustus Ward (1848–1903). Considered by many to be the country's unofficial national anthem, the song consists of four verses, each punctuated by the anthemic cry "America! America!" Today it remains one of the country's most popular patriotic songs.
Each stamp features a photograph that helps illustrate one of five phrases from the song's famous first verse: "Spacious Skies," "Waves of Grain," "Mountain Majesties," "The Fruited Plain," and "Sea to Shining Sea." Each row of the 20-stamp pane includes four stamps that fits into the five phrases from the song.
Figure 1. Modified carbon cycle in extended C-ROADS model. Carbon in biomass, soils, and structures (e.g. lumber in buildings), and fluxes among these compartments, are disaggregated by land type, , and region, . Carbon can flow from biomass and soils from each patch, , , to the atmosphere as CO or CH. In addition, bioenergy harvest and combustion generate CO. CO and CH fluxes associated with changes in land use, e.g. from forest to pasture, cropland or developed land are included in the model but not shown here. On the policy-relevant time scale (e.g. through 2100), creation of new fossil fuels from terrestrial or oceanic carbon sources assumed to be negligible. Note: as described in the text and supplementary material, CH fluxes from biomass and soils are set to zero for forest scenarios considered here to isolate the impact of bioenergy in the scenarios tested.
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The carbon cycle in the original C-ROADS model includes globally aggregated stocks of carbon in fossil fuels, the atmosphere, terrestrial biomass and soils, and a four-layer ocean. Here we disaggregate the treatment of terrestrial carbon stocks both geographically and by land type (e.g. forest, pasture, cropland, developed land, etc.). For each region, the model represents the area of each type of land and changes in land use resulting from natural processes and human activity, along with the carbon stocks and fluxes associated with each. The model is extensible to any number of land/land use categories and geographic areas. For example, one could configure the model to represent different types of forests, with similar disaggregation for other land types, and at geographic scales from regions to nations to, if data are available, even smaller areas.
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shows an overview of the carbon cycle in the extended model. As in the original model, combustion of fossil fuels injects carbon into the atmosphere. Unlike the original model, carbon stocks in biomass and soil are now represented for each category of land and geographical area. The model also includes a compartment for carbon stored in lumber and structures. Consistent with reporting approaches for the IPCC, FAO, and US Forest Service (FAO 2016 , Penman et al Borsa Small Grain Pu Giallo Womens Backpack Handbag Yellow 15x30x32 cm B x H T Love Moschino P7lvcDyj
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), biomass in forest land includes living trees, including stems, branches, foliage, and coarse roots in both mature and understory trees; the stock denoted 'soil carbon' includes soil organic matter, dead roots, litter (dead foliage, dead branches, etc), downed and standing dead trees, and living fine roots (Woodall et al 2015 ). Biomass is increased by net primary production. Carbon in biomass can return to the atmosphere as CO 2 or CH 4 and is transferred to the soil stock via litterfall and tree mortality. Carbon is also lost from both biomass and dead organic matter by fire. Carbon in the soil stock is transferred to the atmosphere through the activity of decomposers and other heterotrophs (Fahey et al 2005 ). The supplementary material provides full documentation.
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I'm going to print this out and take it along with me when I go do my clinicals. Should be good. Updates to follow.
You ever see those depression charts? They are just as bad.I also don't get #2 on the doctor version. Why would anyone smile, even a little bit, if they were at the hospital in pain.
I think your chart is infinitely more realistic than that stupid doctor's one. from now on, whenever I feel like crap, want to stay home from school, and my mom asks "how are you feeling?"; I'll show her your chart and be like "don't doubt my pain, woman!" while pointing angrily at 8 or 10 or something. She'll believe me then, I bet.
I want a chart like that to outline erotic arousal. I feel like we could sell it to undersatisfied woman around the world and get super duper rich and oh wait am I supposed to be asking about how the boyfriend is doing cause I'd much rather just work toward global domination as per usual?
I think you need to make a depression and arousal chart now.
I'd glad you started with a straight face. Sometimes I laugh when I'm in pain, but those are small pains that are kind of mixed up with funny situtations. Like spinning around in my wheely chair and banging my knee on the metal filing cabinet. That hurts. But it's also funny.
Madam, your blog is better than sex on a rollercoaster while eating the top off of a cupcake.And your adventures in Paint are all the justification one needs for this claim.
Ha! Love it. I truly hope your pain level chart becomes universally adopted by hospitals everywhere.
one time i ate beats for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. later that evening, what came out of me, scared me. i was convinced i was dying. the beauty of vegetables.
Wow, Allie. I hope he is feeling better!I do like your chart better.
Best chart ever! LMAO!
I've been at a constant six lately...your chart is pretty darn accurate
Holy. Shit. New universal chart, ahoy. Also, your interpretation of the real doctor's office chart is perfect. Whenever I'm there I think about child birth and how it was pretty much #10 times A THOUSAND and then I get really irrate and my doctor is always snippy because I'm in full asshole mode by the time she shows up.


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When you are going through college you can't avoid being asked to write essays and papers on various topics. It is definitely more challenging to write a college-level academic essay than writing a casual blog post or writing a high school book report. Your college instructors have expectations for you to do heavy research on the topics they give you in order to produce a thoughtful essay. But there is no need to have a headache over it, memorize the following tips and you will soon excel in college essay writing.
To succeed in college study definitely requires greater time commitment, and more attention to details. However, writing an excellent college essay can become an easy task once you master all the tricks. To summarize, remember to do a thorough preparation, be concise, be original and use sources efficiently. Very soon, good grades are going to be at your fingertips.


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Collaboration builds on success of ARM Powered Mindspeed Comcerto® 100 Platform
CAMBRIDGE, UK AND NEWPORT BEACH, Calif. - Apr. 28, 2008 – ARM [(LSE: ARM); (Nasdaq: ARMH)] and Mindspeed Technologies (Nasdaq: MSPD) today announced an ongoing collaboration designed to address the needs of broadband service providers delivering triple- (voice, data, video) and quad-play (+ cellular) applications to homes and small businesses.
The collaboration has already resulted in the successful development and launch last year of the Mindspeed Comcerto 100 series of broadband gateway processors. The Comcerto 100 is a single chip solution based on two ARM1136J-S™ processors and provides the best performance-power-cost profile in its class by optimal decomposition of broadband gateway functions among the two processors.
Because the Comcerto 100 is based on the ARM® architecture, Mindspeed was able to provide high performance at low cost and with extremely low power. In addition, the scalability of the high-performance ARM processor-based multicore solution enables the Comcerto100 to provide significant application headroom for future service deployments.
"The ARM architecture is the optimal solution to enable us to offer best-in-class quality of service (QoS) for the service delivery platforms that are emerging as broadband gateways evolve into an intelligent access point in the home, managing multiple end-nodes with multimedia capabilities," said Preet Virk, senior vice president and general manager of Mindspeed's enterprise and customer premise equipment. "The need for more bandwidth and sophisticated services within an ever-diminishing power budget can only realistically be met by high-performance multiprocessing. As the leading provider of high-performance embedded multicore processing solutions, ARM is our logical choice for future development."
"Mindspeed is a leading implementer of multicore platforms optimized for gateway applications," said Ian Ferguson, director Enterprise Solutions, ARM. "We look forward to a long term engagement with Mindspeed as they expand their portfolio of innovative multicore-based SoCs utilizing the ARM Cortex™-A9 MPCore multicore processor to address next-generation service provider gateway requirements."
The two companies are already collaborating on next-generation gateway platform solutions for the residential and enterprise market segments and co-marketing these solutions to service providers and OEMs/ODMs.
The Comcerto100 architecture uses optimal decomposition of broadband gateway functions among two high-performance ARM1136J-S processors to ensure QoS for real-time applications. With real-time processing such as voice, video and packet forwarding optimized to reside on one of the processors and non real-time processing such as network monitoring and subscriber management on the second; the Comcerto100 broadband gateway architecture protects the quality and reliability of revenue-bearing services while providing application headroom for future service deployments. Because of this asymmetric multicore partitioning, OEMs and service providers can easily program higher level applications without worrying about the impact to real-time functionality or headroom limitations due to shared processing resources.
With clear demarcation between real-time processing like voice and video and non real-time processing such as monitoring and subscriber management, the Comcerto 100 processor enables a broadband gateway architecture that protects revenue-bearing services while providing application headroom for future service deployments.
About ARM
ARM designs the technology that lies at the heart of advanced digital products, from wireless, networking and consumer entertainment solutions to imaging, automotive, security and storage devices. ARM's comprehensive product offering includes 32-bit RISC microprocessors, graphics processors, enabling software, cell libraries, embedded memories, high-speed connectivity products, peripherals and development tools. Combined with comprehensive design services, training, support and maintenance, and the company's broad Partner community, they provide a total system solution that offers a fast, reliable path to market for leading electronics companies. More information on ARM is available at http://www.arm.com.
About Mindspeed Technologies
Mindspeed Technologies, Inc. designs, develops and sells semiconductor networking solutions for communications applications in enterprise, access, metropolitan and wide area networks. The company's three key product families include high-performance analog transmission and switching solutions, multiservice access products designed to support voice and data services across wireline and wireless networks, and WAN communications solutions including T/E carrier physical-layer and link-layer devices as well as ATM/MPLS network processors. Mindspeed's products are used in a wide variety of network infrastructure equipment, including voice and media gateways, high-speed routers, switches, access multiplexers, cross-connect systems, add-drop multiplexers and digital loop carrier equipment. To learn more, visit www.mindspeed.com.
Safe Harbor Statement
This press release contains statements relating to Mindspeed, and their future results, including certain projections and business trends, that are "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results, and actual events that occur, may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: market demand for their new and existing products and their ability to increase their revenues; their ability to maintain operating expenses within anticipated levels; their ability to further generate cash; availability and terms of capital needed for our their business; constraints in the supply of wafers and other product components from their third-party manufacturers; their ability to successfully and cost effectively establish and manage operations in foreign jurisdictions; their ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; successful development and introduction of new products; their ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and realize the anticipated benefits from such acquisitions; their ability to obtain design wins and develop revenues from them; pricing pressures and other competitive factors; industry consolidation; order and shipment uncertainty; changes in their customers' inventory levels and inventory management practices; fluctuations in manufacturing yields; product defects; and intellectual property infringement claims by others and the ability to protect their intellectual property, as well as other risks and uncertainties, including those detailed from time to time in their Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. Cortex, MPCore and ARM1136J-S are trademarks of ARM Limited. All other brands or product names are the property of their respective holders. "ARM" is used to represent ARM Holdings plc; its operating company ARM Limited; and the regional subsidiaries: ARM, Inc.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Ltd.; ARM Taiwan Limited; ARM France SAS; ARM Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; ARM Belgium N.V.; AXYS Design Automation Inc.; ARM Germany GmbH; ARM Embedded Technologies Pvt. Ltd.; and ARM Norway, AS.
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