text: Origins of 10X – How Valid is the Underlying Research?Posted on January 9, 2011 6:15:PM by Steve McConnell to 10x Software DevelopmentMethods & Processes, Testing & QA, Technique, Agile, estimation, requirements, productivity, Management, Design, Maintenance, 10x, research, programmer productivity, Articles, Books, ConstructionI recently contributed a chapter to Making Software (Oram and Wilson, eds., O'Reilly, 2011). The purpose of this edited collection of essays is to pull together research-based writing on software engineering. In essence, the purpose is to say, "What do we really know (quantitatively based), and what do we only kind of think we know (subjectively based)?" My chapter, "What Does 10X Mean" is an edited version of my 2008 blog entry "Productivity Variations Among Developers and Teams: The Origin of 10x." The chapter focuses on the research that supports the claim of 10-fold differences in productivity among programmers. Laurent Bossavit published a critique of my blog entry on his company's website in French. That critique was translated into English on a different website. The critique (or its English translation, anyway) is quite critical of the claim that programmer productivity varies by 10x, quite critical of the research foundation for that claim, and quite critical of me personally. The specific nature of the criticism gives me an opportunity to talk about the state of research in software development, my approach to writing about software development, and to revisit the 10x issue, which is one of my favorite topics. The State of Software Engineering Research Bossavit's criticism of my writing is notable for the fact that it cites my work, comments on some of the citations that my work cites, but doesn't cite any other software-specific research of its own. In marked contrast, while I was working on the early stages of Code Complete, 1st Ed., I read a paper by B. A. Sheil titled "The Psychological Study of Programming" (Computing Surveys, Vol. 13. No. 1, March 1981). Sheil reviewed dozens of papers on programming issues with a specific eye toward the research methodologies used. The conclusion of Sheil's paper was sobering. The programming studies he reviewed failed to control for variables carefully enough to meet research standards that would be needed for publication in other more established fields like psychology. The papers didn't achieve levels of statistical significance good enough for publication in other fields either. In other words, the research foundation for software engineering (circa 1981) was poor. One of the biggest issues identified was that studies didn't control for differences in individual capabilities. Suppose you have a new methodology you believe increases productivity and quality by 50%. If there are potential differences as large as 10x between individuals, the differences arising from individuals in any given study will drown out any differences you might want to attribute to a change in methodology. See Figure 1. Figure 1 This is a very big deal because almost none of the research at the time I was working on Code Complete 1 controlled for this variable. For example, a study would have Programmer Group A read a sample of code formatted using Technique X and Programmer Group B read a sample of code formatted using Technique Y. If Group A was found to be 25% more productive than Group B, you don't really know whether it's because Technique X is better than Technique Y and is helping productivity, or whether it's because Group A started out being way more productive than Group B and Technique X actually hurt Group A's productivity. Since Sheil's paper in 1981, this methodological limitation has continued to show up in productivity claims about new software development practices. For example, in the early 2000s the "poster child" project for Extreme Programming was the Chrysler C3 project. Numerous claims were made for XP's effectiveness based on the productivity of that project. I personally never accepted the claims for the effectiveness of the XP methodology based on the C3 project because that project included rock star programmers Kent Beck, Martin Fowler, and Ron Jeffries, all working on the same project. The productivity of any project those guys work on would be at the top end of the bar shown on the left of Figure 1. Those guys could do a project using batch mode processing and punch cards and still be more productive than 95% of the teams out there. Any methodological variations of 1x or 2x due to XP (or -1x or -2x) would be drowned out by the variation arising from C3's exceptional personnel. In other words, considering the exceptional talent on the C3 project, it was impossible to tell whether the C3 project's results were because of XP's practices or in spite of XP's practices. My Decision About How to Write Code Complete Bringing this all back to Code Complete 1, I hit a point early in the writing of Code Complete 1 where I was aware of Sheil's research, aware of the limitations of many of the studies I was using, and trying to decide what kind of book I wanted to write. The first argument I had with myself was how much weight to put on all the studies I had read. I read about 600 books and articles as background for Code Complete. Was I going to discard them altogether? I decided, No. The studies might not be conclusive, but many of them were surely suggestive. The book was being written by me and ultimately reflected my judgment, so whether the studies were conclusive or suggestive, my role as author was the same--separate the wheat from the chaff and present my personal conclusions. (There was quite a lot of chaff. Of the 600 books and articles I read, only about half made it into the bibliography. Code Complete's bibliography includes only those 300 books and articles that were cited somewhere in the book.) The second argument I had with myself was how much detail to provide about the studies I cited. The academic side of me argued that every time I cited a study I should explain the limitations of the study. The pragmatic side of me argued that Code Complete wasn't supposed to be an academic book; it was supposed to be a practical book. If I went into detail about every study I cited, the book would be 3x as long without adding any practical value for its readers. In the end I felt that detailed citations and elaborate explanations of each study would detract from the main focus of the book. So I settled on a citation style in which I cited (Author, Year) keyed to fuller bibliographic citations in the bibliography. I figured readers who wanted more academic detail could follow up on the citations themselves. A Deeper Dive Into the Research Supporting "10x" After settling on that approach with Code Complete 1 (back in 1991) I've continued to use that approach in most of the rest of my writing, including in the chapter I contributed to Making Software. One limitation of my approach has been that, with my terse citation style, someone who is motivated enough to follow up on the citations might not be able to find the part of the book or article that I was citing, or might not understand the specific way in which the material I cited supports the point I'm making. That appears to have been the case with Laurent Bossavit's critique of my "10x" explanation. Bossavit goes point by point through my citations and was not able to find the support for the claim of 10x differences in productivity. Let's follow the same path and fill in the blanks. Sackman, Erickson, and Grant, 1968. Here is my summary of the first research to find 10x differences in programmer productivity: Detailed examination of Sackman, Erickson, and Grant's findings shows some flaws in their methodology (including combining results from programmers working in low level programming languages with those working in high level programming languages). However, even after accounting for the flaws, their data still shows more than a 10-fold difference between the best programmers and the worst. In years since the original study, the general finding that "There are order-of-magnitude differences among programmers" has been confirmed by many other studies of professional programmers (Curtis 1981, Mills 1983, DeMarco and Lister 1985, Curtis et al. 1986, Card 1987, Boehm and Papaccio 1988, Valett and McGarry 1989, Boehm et al 2000). The research on variations among individual programmers began with Sackman, Erickson, and Grant's study published in 1968. Bossavit states that the 1968 study focused only on debugging, but that is not correct. As I stated in my blog article, the ratio of initial coding time between the best and worst programmers was about 20:1. The difference in program sizes was about 5:1. The difference in debugging was the most dramatic difference, at about 25:1, but it was not the only area in which differences were found. Differences found in coding time, debugging time, and program size all support a general claim of "order of magnitude" differences in productivity, i.e., a 10x difference. An interesting historical footnote is that Sackman, Erickson, and Grant did not set out to show a 10x or 25x difference in productivity among programmers. The purpose of their research was to determine whether programming online offered any real productivity advantage compared to programming offline. What they discovered, to their surprise, was that, ala Figure 1, any difference in online vs. offline productivity was drowned out by the productivity differences among individuals. The factor they set out to study would be irrelevant today. The conclusion they stumbled onto by accident is one that we're still talking about. Curtis 1981. Bossavit criticizes my (Curtis 1981) citation by stating The 1981 Curtis study included 60 programmers, which once again were dealing with a debugging rather than a programming task. I do not know why he thinks this statement is a criticism of the Curtis study. In my corner of the world debugging is not the only programming task, but it certainly is an essential programming task, and everyone knows that. The Curtis article concludes that, "a statement such as 'order of magnitude differences in the performance of individual programmers' seems justified." The (Curtis 1981) citation directly supports the 10x claim--almost word for word. Curtis 1986. Moving to the next citation, Bossavit states that, "the 1986 Curtis article does not report on an empirical study." I never stated that Curtis 1986 was an "empirical study." Curtis 1986 is a broad paper that touches on, among other things, differences in programmer productivity. Bossavit says the paper "offers no support for the '10x' claim." But the first paragraph in section II.A. of the paper (p. 1093) summarizes 4 studies with the overall gist of the studies being that there are very large differences in productivity among programmers. The specific numbers cited are 28:1 and 23:1 differences. Clearly that again offers direct support for the 10x claim. Mills 1983. The "Mills 1983" citation is to a book by Harlan Mills titled Software Productivity in which Mills cites 10:1 differences in productivity not just among individuals but also among teams. As Bossavit points out, the Mills book contains "experience reports," among other things. Apparently Bossavit doesn't consider an "experience report" to be a "study," but I do, which is why I cited Mills' 1983 book. DeMarco and Lister 1985. Bossavit misreads my citation of DeMarco and Lister 1985, assuming it refers to their classic book Peopleware. That is a natural assumption, but as I stated clearly in the article's bibliography, the reference was to their paper titled, "Programmer Performance and the Effects of the Workplace" which was published a couple years before PeopleWare. Bossavit's objection to this study is The only "studies" reported on therein are the programming contests organized by the authors, which took place under loosely controlled conditions (participants were to tackle the exercises at their workplace and concurrently with their work as professional programmers), making the results hardly dependable. Editorial insinuations aside, that is a correct description of what DeMarco and Lister reported, both in the paper I cited and in Peopleware. Their 1985 study had some of the methodological limitations Sheil's discussed in 1981. Having said that, their study supports the 10x claim in spades and is not subject to many of the more common methodological weaknesses present in other software engineering studies. DeMarco and Lister reported results from 166 programmers, which is a much larger group than used in most studies. The programmers were working professionals rather than students, which is not always the case. The focus of the study was a complete programming assignment--design, code, desk check, and for part of the group, test and debug. The programmers in DeMarco and Lister's study were trying to complete an assignment in their normal workplace. Bossavit seems to think that undermines the credibility of their research. I think it enhances the credibility of their research. Which do you trust more: results from a study in which programmers worked in a carefully controlled university environment, or results from a study in which programmers were subjected to all the day-to-day interruptions and distractions that programmers are subjected to in real life? Personally I put more weight on the study that more closely models real-world conditions, which is why I cited it. As far as the 10x claim goes, Bossavit should have looked at the paper I cited rather than the book. The paper shows a 5.6x difference between the best and worst programmers--among the programmers who finished the assignment. About 10% of the programmers weren't able to complete the assignment at all. That makes the difference between best and worst programmers essentially infinite - and certainly supports the round-number claim of 10x differences from the best programmers to the worst. Card 1987. Bossavit says, The 1987 Card reference isn't an academic publication but an executive report by a private research institution, wherein a few tables of figures appear, none of which seem to directly bear on the "10x" claim. The publication is an article in Information and Software Technology, which is "the international archival journal focusing on research and experience that contributes to the improvement of software development practices." There is no basis for Bossavit to characterize Card's journal article as an "executive report." Bossavit claims that none of the tables of figures "seem to directly bear on the '10x' claim." But on p. 293 of the article, Figure 3, titled "Programmer productivity variations," shows two graphs: a "large project" graph in which productivity ranges from 0.9 to 7.9 (a difference of 8.8x ), and a "small project" graph with a productivity range of 0.5 to 10.8 (a difference of 21.6x). These "programmer productivity variation" graphs support the 10x claim quite directly. Boehm and Papaccio 1988. I will acknowledge that this wasn't the clearest citation for the underlying research I meant to refer to. I probably should have cited Boehm 1981 instead. In 1981, Barry Boehm published Software Engineering Economics, the first comprehensive description of the Cocomo estimation model. The adjustment factors for the model were derived through analysis of historical data. The model shows differences in team productivity based on programmer capability of 4.18 to 1. This is not quite an order of magnitude, but it is for teams, rather than for individuals, and generally supports the claim that "there are very large differences in capabilities between different individuals and teams." Boehm 2000. Bossavit states that he did not look at this source. Boehm 2000 is Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II, the update of the Cocomo model that was originally described in Boehm 1981. In the 2000 update, the factors in the Cocomo model were calibrated using data from a database of about 100 projects. Cocomo II analyzes the effects of a number of personnel factors. According to Cocomo II, if you compare a team made up of top-tier programmers, experienced with the application, programming language, and platform they're using, to a team made up of bottom tier programmers, inexperienced with the application, programming language, and platform they're using, you can expect a difference of 5.3x in productivity. The same conclusion applies here that applies to Boehm 1981: This is not quite an order of magnitude difference, but since it applies to teams rather than individuals, it generally supports the claim that "there are very large differences in capabilities between different individuals and teams." It is also significant that, according to Cocomo II, the factors related to the personnel composing the team affect productivity more than any other factors. Valett and McGarry 1989. Valett and McGarry provide additional detail from the same data set used by Card 1987 and also cites individual differences ranging from 8.8x to 21.6x. Valett and McGarry's conclusion is based on data from more than 150 individuals across 25 major projects and includes coding as well as debugging. Bossavit claims this study amounts to a "citation of a citation," but I don't know why he claims that. Valett and McGarry were both at the organization described in the study and directly involved in it. And the differences cited certainly support my general claim of 10x differences in productivity among programmers. Reaffirming: Strong Research Support for the 10x Conclusion To summarize, the claim that Bossavit doesn't like, is this: The general finding that "There are order-of-magnitude differences among programmers" has been confirmed by many other studies of professional programmers (Curtis 1981, Mills 1983, DeMarco and Lister 1985, Curtis et al. 1986, Card 1987, Boehm and Papaccio 1988, Valett and McGarry 1989, Boehm et al 2000). As I reviewed these citations once again in writing this article, I concluded again that they support the general finding that there are 10x productivity differences among programmers. The studies have collectively involved hundreds of professional programmers across a spectrum of programming activities. Specific differences range from about 5:1 to about 25:1, and in my judgment that collectively supports the 10x claim. Moreover, the research finding is consistent with my experience, in which I have personally observed 10x differences (or more) between different programmers. I think one reason the 10x claim resonates with many people is that many other software professionals have observed 10x differences among programmers too. Bossavit concludes his review of my blog entry / book chapter by saying this: What is happening here is not pretty. I'm not accusing McConnell here of being a bad person. I am claiming that for whatever reasons he is here dressing up, in the trappings of scientific discourse, what is in fact an unsupported assertion meshing well with his favored opinion. McConnell is abusing the mechanism of scientific citation to lend authority to a claim which derives it only from a couple studies which can be at best described as "exploratory" (and at worst, maybe, as "discredited"). Obviously I disagree with Bossavit's conclusion. Saying he thinks there are methodological weaknesses in the studies I cited would be one kind of criticism that might contain a grain of truth. None of the studies are perfect, and we could have a constructive dialog about that. But that isn't what he says. He says I am making "unsupported assertions" and "cheating with citations." Those claims are unfounded. Bossavit seems to be aspiring to some academic ideal in which the only studies that can be cited are those that are methodologically pure in every respect. That's a laudable ideal, but it would have the practical effect of restricting the universe of allowable software engineering studies to zero. Having said that, the body of research that supports the 10x claim is as solid as any research that's been done in software engineering. Studies that support the 10x claim are singularly not subject to the methodological limitation described in Figure 1, because they are studying individual variability itself (i.e., only the left side of the figure). Bossavit does not cite even one study--flawed or otherwise--that counters the 10x claim, and I haven't seen any such studies either. The fact that no studies have produced findings that contradict the 10x claim provides even more confidence in the 10x claim. When I consider the number of studies that have been conducted, in aggregate I find the research to be not only suggestive, but conclusive--which is rare in software engineering research. As for my writing style, even if people misunderstand what I've written from time to time, I plan to stand by my practical-focus-with-minimal-citations approach. I think most readers prefer the one paragraph summary with citations that I repeated at the top of this section to the two dozen paragraphs that academically dissect it. It's interesting to go into that level of detail once in awhile, but not very often. References Boehm, Barry W., and Philip N. Papaccio. 1988. "Understanding and Controlling Software Costs." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE-14, no. 10 (October): 1462-77. Boehm, Barry, 1981. Software Engineering Economics, Boston, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1981. Boehm, Barry, et al, 2000. Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II, Boston, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 2000. Boehm, Barry W., T. E. Gray, and T. Seewaldt. 1984. "Prototyping Versus Specifying: A Multiproject Experiment." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE-10, no. 3 (May): 290-303. Also in Jones 1986b. Card, David N. 1987. "A Software Technology Evaluation Program." Information and Software Technology 29, no. 6 (July/August): 291-300. Curtis, Bill. 1981. "Substantiating Programmer Variability." Proceedings of the IEEE 69, no. 7: 846. Curtis, Bill, et al. 1986. "Software Psychology: The Need for an Interdisciplinary Program." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 8: 1092-1106. DeMarco, Tom, and Timothy Lister. 1985. "Programmer Performance and the Effects of the Workplace." Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Engineering. Washington, D.C.: IEEE Computer Society Press, 268-72. DeMarco, Tom and Timothy Lister, 1999. Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams, 2d Ed. New York: Dorset House, 1999. Mills, Harlan D. 1983. Software Productivity. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown. Sackman, H., W.J. Erikson, and E. E. Grant. 1968. "Exploratory Experimental Studies Comparing Online and Offline Programming Performance." Communications of the ACM 11, no. 1 (January): 3-11. Sheil, B. A. 1981. "The Psychological Study of Programming," Computing Surveys, Vol. 13. No. 1, March 1981. Valett, J., and F. E. McGarry. 1989. "A Summary of Software Measurement Experiences in the Software Engineering Laboratory." Journal of Systems and Software 9, no. 2 (February): 137-48.


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Hawaii Same-Day Local Florist Delivery
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If the tropical paradise of Hawaii is home to your special someone, send them a unique gift they can enjoy any day of the year from 1-800-FLOWERS.COM. In minutes you can choose from beautiful bouquets, growing plants or gift baskets that help to celebrate every holiday, event and milestone. Join in the spirit of aloha and choose your gift delivery today!
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Hawaii became the 50th US state on August 21, 1959.

subset: commoncrawl


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Available for select products, Extended Support Plus gives you an extended period of support for a major release beyond the committed support period. This lets you plan ahead for your upgrade path at your own pace, rather than react to the end of support before your operations are ready. With Extended Support Plus from Micro Focus, for an additional fee to maintenance, you can align your support needs with your deployment plans.
Stability and innovation are important to your business. You can't afford disruption that prevents you from meeting your business objectives. Access to patches and technical support are critical. Don't wait until the committed support period ends before you take steps to ensure you have access to the latest fixes for your system–take the proactive approach.
Your solution should only be updated when necessary, and on a schedule that works for your data center. With Extended Support Plus, Micro Focus will continue to deliver security patches for critical vulnerabilities, and software updates for critical non-security issues. It allows you to maintain your current product version as long as possible, preserving both the stability and security of your data center, as you transition from one version to the next.
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Professional Digital Teams for Online World Cups
Your online challenge is becoming bigger and more complex. You need a faster time to market. You need remarkable and relevant content. You need engagement and conversion. You need the best online campaigns, platforms and execution. But how?
A Full Service Digital Agency with 250+ professionals
With this question in mind, Ecomgroup was founded. A Full Service Digital Agency with 250 professionals not employed. Not employed? No, we believe in temporary teams. We believe in the growing number of individual specialists and small collectives with a dedicated specialism. The have up-to-date knowledge, are experienced, are creative and are available when needed.
Ecomgroup acts as a Head Coach of a national sports team and selects the best and available players for this upcoming event (project). We take full responsibility on the legal, financial and project management side of your project. Just like any other agency but with much more creativity, flexibility, quality and less overhead.
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Can patents last forever?
If the patent holder makes you sign a contract like that, is it enough to completely avoid the 20-year time limit in the patent system? Is it okay if you are just trying to extend your payments, because you don't have enough money right now? These are the questions embedded in the case of Kimble v. Marvel, says Professor Robin C. Feldman, who, along with Professor Alice Armitage and the Institute for Innovation Law, filed a Supreme Court amicus brief this week in support of neither party.
The full brief is available online. Click here to access.
A summary of the argument beginning on the bottom of page 2-7 of this brief describes what is happening, but highlights are the following:
Alex A.G. Shapiro
Director, Communications & Public Affairs
UC Hastings College of the Law
Office: (415) 581-8842
Cell: (415) 813-9214
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Councillor Allan Hubley
- Information
- Kanata South Projects
- Bus Pad 0585, 6602, 0353, 2027 & 6601 Rehabilitations – Stonehaven Drive
- Eagleson Road Watermain Repair
- Monahan Landing Woodlot
- Sidewalk & Transit Facility Improvements Bridgestone Drive at Eagleson Road & Bridle Park Drive
- Stonegate Park Pathway Closures
- Stonehaven Road Resurfacing
- West-End Sidewalk Renewals
- Kanata West Pump Station & Forcemains
- Archived
- 2017
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- O-Train Confederation Line Stage 1 Update
- Where will I buy my fare?
- How Many Will It Carry?
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- Kanata LRT Open House #1 (05/06/17)
- Kanata LRT Open House #2 (07/12/17)
- Notice of Commencement
- OC Transpo
- Community Projects, Consultations, Survey's & More!
- Parks
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- Akerson Multi-Use Pathway Functional Planning Study
- Bridlewood Flood Relief Project
- Chimo Sidewalk Implementation
- Kakulu Road (north side): Sidewalk Implementation
- Kanata South Link Project
- Kanata West Pump Station & Forcemains
- LED Park Lighting Upgrade
- McCurdy Sidewalk
- Morrena Road Major Drainage Improvements Project
- Richmond Forcemain Work
- Stonegate Park (Pathway Closures)
- West-End Sidewalk Renewals
- West End Flood Investigation Action Plan
- Abbeyhill Area Rehabilitation
- Barrow Cr. Overland Flow
- Castlefrank Rd. Regrading & Laurie Ct.
- Clarence Maheral Park Earth Berm
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- Hazeldean Pumping Station Improvements
- Hazeldean Road, Abbotsford Road and Morrena Road Regrading
- Inlet Control Devices
- Overland Drainage Improvements at Dunoon Place
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- Peary Way Earth Berm
- Protective Plumbing Program
- West End Flood Investigation Action Plan
- West-End Flooding Investigation Report – January 2010
- Archived
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- Fernbank Trunk – TCT at Terry Fox
- Hope Side Road and Eagleson Road Intersection Modification
- Hydro Ottawa
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- Terry Fox Drive and Westphalian Avenue Proposed Modification
- Terry Fox Proposed Roadway Modification – 525 metres south of Fernbank Road
- Transportation Master Plan
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Kakulu Road (north side): Sidewalk Implementation
The City of Ottawa will be proceeding with a new sidewalk project in Kanata South in 2017. Originally a Phase 2 project in the Council-approved 2013 Ottawa Pedestrian Plan, the project has been brought forward as a Public Transit Infrastructure Fund (PTIF) project because of its significance to public transit.
The proposed project consists of a segment of sidewalk along the north side of Kakulu between Pickford Drive (east) and 45m west of Eagleson Road.
The new sidewalk segment will be approximately 125m in total length and will connect to the existing sidewalk at Pickford Drive (east).
In accordance with the policies of the Ottawa Pedestrian Plan (OPP), the Transportation Master Plan and the Official Plan, collector roads within the urban boundary require a sidewalk on both sides of the roadway. This is increasingly important when the roadway fronts onto or leads directly to transit, schools and parks. Kakulu Road is a transit route, connects to Eagleson Road (which also has transit routes) and is a collector road. It also fronts onto two parks within 300m of the proposed new sidewalk (Pickford Park and Larsen Park) and it leads directly to Roger Saint Denis Catholic Elementary School. The existing pedestrian facility on this corridor does not meet the City's standard for collector roads within the City. The provision of a sidewalk on Kakulu Road is a policy requirement and aligns with the City's transportation goals and objectives to maximize walkability.
The purpose of the new sidewalk is to provide a complete pedestrian facility for public transit users that can be used by all pedestrians including the more vulnerable users such as: children, wheelchair users, and persons with visual impairments. The sidewalk will also provide pedestrian access to nearby schools and parks. The addition of the sidewalk will improve safety and reduce the need for pedestrians to cross the road at uncontrolled locations.
The sidewalk project is currently in the design stage and construction will take place in the summer / fall of 2017. Residents will be notified prior to the start of construction.
The sidewalks will be installed within the City's right-of-way. Landscaping, retaining walls, or other features within this right-of-way may be impacted. Please see draft drawing below for more details.
For more information, please contact:
Jessica Lloy
Pedestrian & Cycling Technologist
Transportation Strategic Planning
City of Ottawa, 110 Laurier Avenue West
Ottawa, ON K1P 1J1
613-580-2424, ext 14753 / E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
This is an image of the proposed sidewalk on the north side of Kakulu Road.


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Here is a cute gluten-free treat to make with the kids for Halloween. These treats are easy to make and just messy enough for the kids! A cute addition to your Halloween party or to scare your kids with in their lunchbox or after school snack. Rachel at Taste Affair shares how to make these treats.
Click here on Taste Affair for the recipe and directions.


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Ph.D., Princeton University, 2010;
M.Phil., Cambridge University, 2000;
B.A., Columbia University, 1998
Assistant Professor of English
Ph.D., Princeton University, 2010;
M.Phil., Cambridge University, 2000;
B.A., Columbia University, 1998
18th-century British literature & culture; Enlightenment philosophy; history & theory of the novel; affect & cognitive studies; Jane Austen; animal studies; Asian American literature
Sarai Ribicoff Prize for the Encouragement of Teaching in Yale College (2013); Charlotte W. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship in Religion and Ethics, Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation (2010); McCosh Prize for Distinguished Teaching, Princeton University (2008)
My work primarily engages connections between theories of fiction and philosophies of emotions. Although my research centers on the European Enlightenment and eighteenth-century British literature, I am generally interested in historical definitions of interior life and how changing concepts of feeling articulate themselves as problems of narrative. Should, for example, all actions be understood as originating from invisible states? How can we (and why do we need to) prove the existence of such states in human and non-human animals? What kinds of violence does the search for inner life entail, and are there alternatives? My current book project, Failures of Feeling: Insensibility and the Novel, takes up these questions in a long trajectory from early amatory tales of the Prude to Jane Austen to Bartleby. In explorations of the impassive, nonresponsive, and desensitized subjects of literary history, I argue for the unlikely importance of unfeeling—or the absence of interior states—in the emergence of what we now call psychological fiction. My teaching at NYU, and previously at Yale, covers survey courses on British literature from Chaucer to Zadie Smith, as well as specialized seminars on the long eighteenth century, Jane Austen, violence, and Enlightenment philosophy.


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A legal guardian has the right to determine a child's residence and decide the child's educational services, according to California Courts. The legal guardian is responsible for taking care of the child's medical and dental needs, managing finances and maintaining th child's personal property.Continue Reading
The legal guardian has the right to make decisions about medical treatments for the child, but in many states, the courts mandate that a child must receive counseling or mental health services if needed, as stated by California Courts. However, a child cannot be placed in a mental health institution without a court order or at the request of the child.
Legal guardians are typically required to submit annual status reports to the courts or meet with social workers or court investigators, as noted by California Courts. Just as parents are responsible for the damages or harm a child causes, so are guardians. For example, if a child is in a car accident or causes damage to property, the legal guardian is held responsible.
It is the responsibility of the legal guardian to ensure the child adheres to the living arrangements stipulated by the courts and adheres to visitation orders with biological parents, according to California Courts.Learn more about Child Support & Custody


text:
Google is the gateway to the internet, it's how most people find websites, news and interesting coverage. For site owners, it's a vital source of traffic that can guarantee the life or death of the site – gain the number one slot on Google for an important term and millions of readers will flood in. In the games industry, these important terms include phrases like "PS4 news", "Xbox 720 news" and "PlayStation news". - PSLS
These are sad practices for sites to use....
It's true. Google needs to do a better job at finding the quality content to match to the person searching. And instead it just matches whoever has the most backlinks, causing many sites to use shady backlinking practices.
That sucks. The only way to combat this is to try and duplicate their results but with better content.


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Located in the Bull Shoals-White River State Park, the James
A. Gaston Visitor Center is a $4.7-million environmental
education learning center with feature interpretation of the
river, dam and lake, and their histories. State-of-the-art
interpretive exhibits are in the lobby, along with a gift shop,
and Johnboat Theater and Exhibit Hall, a 1,720-square-foot area
filled with images of the river, lake and dam. An observation
tower, gift shop, two classrooms and park offices are also a
part of the center. approx 20 minutes from the resort.
Summer hours: Open 7 days per week, 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM, Gift shop closes at 7:30 PM
Travel Time: 20 minutes
Cost: No Cost
Phone number: 870-445-3629
Located in Bull Shoals, AR, the Bull Shoals Dam resumed tours in May, 2008, one of the first dams in the nation to resume tours after the September 11 attacks. Visitors will receive a tour of the machine & electrical shops, and be able to look at the giant turbines, cranes & generators, in addition to learning about the White River, the AGFC trout stocking, and other items of interest. Groups are limited to 12 persons, and are conducted at 1:30 PM on Tuesdays & Thursdays, 10:00 AM on Wednesdays & Fridays, 10:30 AM & 1:00 PM on Saturdays and 11:00 AM & 1:30 PM on Sundays.
Travel Time: 20 minutes
Cost: $2.50 for adults, $1.50 for children ages 6 - 12, and no charge for children under 6 years of age.
Phone number: 870-445-3629
Link to Newspaper article, click here.
The Norfork National Fish Hatchery is located near the Lake Norfork Dam (just outside of Salesville). Established in 1955, and opened in 1957, the purpose of the hatchery is to meet the fishery mitigation needs arising from the Corps of Engineers projects in the White River. Open 7:00 AM to 3:30 PM daily, visitors are welcome and encouraged to ask questions and tour the entire facility. Dry Run Creek is located just outside the hatchery and provides children under 16 and handicapped persons an opportunity at some really HUGE fish! (Catch & Release only...). The Friends of the Norfork National Fish Hatchery, Inc., was formed in 2006 by concerned citizens who work to ensure the future of the hatchery. Photo courtesy of the Friends. Their website has a lot of interesting information, and we encourage you to take a look and consider becoming a member yourselves.
Travel Time: 20 minutes
Cost: No Cost
Phone number: 870-499-5255
Directions from His Place Resort, click here.
Link: http://www.fws.gov/norfork/
Link: Friends of the Norfork National Fish Hatchery
Come to the Gallery to take a real trip down fishing's memory lane... See one of the very first Ranger Bass Boats as well as other classic designs from the past. Browse the many awards, photos, memories and mementos of the fishing industry legends, Forrest & Nina Wood. Covering more than a half century of local, regional & national fishing history, Forrest & Nina are continually adding original displays & vintage materials to this extensive collection. Then, step next door to the Ranger Boat factory, and get a guided tour of how they're made today! Photo courtesy of Forrest Wood & Ranger Boats. Visit their websites below for more information.
Travel Time: less than 10 minutes
Cost: No Cost
Phone number: 870-453-3210
Hours: varies, call ahead
Link: http://www.RangerBoats.com
Link: http://www.flwsportsgallery.com/index.html
Loco Ropes Treetop Adventure Park at the Ozark Folk Center State Park is the newest adventure in Mountain View, AR; proclaimed by National Geographic Adventure Magazine to be one of the 50 Great Adventure Towns! Loco Ropes is a state-of-the-art treetop adventure park experience with 3 different segments totaling 30+challenges to test your nerve, endurance, agility and strength.
Travel Time: 1.5 hour
Cost: see website for latest rates and hours
Directions from His Place Resort, click here.
Link: http://locoropes.com
Hillbilly Paintball offers woodsball and a woodsball/speedball hybrid playing field in addition to a full service paintball store. The woodsball contains trees as well as man-made bunkers. The hybrid incorporates the woodsball field environment but also has sup-air bunkers. Referees will be with you on the field while you play. With their wide variety of rental equipment, they are ready to help you have fun in the Ozarks!
Travel Time: 20 minutes
Cost: see website for latest rates and hours
Directions from His Place Resort, click here.
Link: http://www.hillbillypaintballin.com/


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It rained when I was in Maine.
Just briefly. Nothing torrential or dramatic or tree-downing, but it rained. And the world was quiet. And I sat in a chair and read a book. Writing Down the Bones, by Natalie Goldberg. It's dated, for sure, but several friends recommended it, so I'm giving it a go.
So it was quiet, and I read, and it rained, and I took a walk. And all of this may seem very mundane, but I've got to tell you, it was momentous given the chaotic state of these past few weeks. Everything is good, wonderfully good, but that quiet hour fed me like a bowl of warm soup.
I'm home now, scrambling to catch up, and the hours slip and slide. Head down, keyboard out, shoes off, back hunched, I type until my wrists ache. I'm grateful, if addled, in this state of overwhelm, a state welcome and unnerving, familiar and exotic.
I close my eyes.
I hear birds.
I listen.
Remember the quiet, they trill, softly.
It will return.
And you'll wish, once again, for the thunder of today.
Recipe for Avocado with kumquats and walnut oil
When I have no time to fix a proper meal, I fake it by combining two or three things. I take my plate outside and turn my face towards the sun. Just 5 minutes of peace, 5 minutes of fresh air, 5 minutes of sky, and I'm ready to return to my desk.
1 avocado
Handful of kumquats, sliced
Walnut oil
Eat slowly, outside.
Come see me in June in California and Seattle. Here's where.


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Miami Vice
TV actors are bigger than movie actors these days. More people see them, more people recognize them; the salaries in TV are rivaling those in feature films. Don Johnson
Film and television star Don Johnson gathered appreciation and became famous while portraying the pastel-wearing Florida detective Sonny Crockett in the NBC instant hit series Miami Vice (1984-1989). Delivering a brilliant turn as a sturdy and stunning cop, Johnson was handed a Golden Globe Award, as well as earned an Emmy nomination. The Golden Globe winner is also well-remembered as Ben Quick in the made-for-TV movie The Long Hot Summer (1985) and as the star of the TV weekly Nash Bridges (1996).
On the wide screen, after making his debut with the title role in the unremarkable The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart (1970), Johnson came to prominence and received critical raves for his bravura performance in the sci-fi cult hit A Boy and His Dog (1995), for which he took home a 1976 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films Award. Johnson cemented his position as a film star when he was hired to support Kevin Costner as conceited golf pro David Simms in the Ron Shelton-directed hit film Tin Cup (1996).
As an accomplished musician, Johnson released his debut album Heartbeat in1986 and its title track became a Top 5 hit in 1986. His duet with Barbara Streisand, Til I Loved You, also knocked on the Billboard chart. Johnsons next album, Let It Roll, was launched in 1989.
Off screen, Johnson is an avid golfer. He once had a ranch in Woody Creek, Colorado, but in 2004, his 17-acre ranch was reportedly for sale for $21 million after bankruptcy filing and lawsuits claimed Johnson, or his company, owed more than $948,000. As for his romantic life, the Missouri-born actor is now the husband of Kelley Phleger, a former debutante whom he married in 1999. Before the marriage, Johnson tied the knot with Melanie Griffith in 1976, but divorced in 1977, and then remarried her in 1989, but again filed for divorce. He was also linked with a number of women like celebrity rock groupie Pamela Des Barres (dated in the late 1960s), Kari Whitman, actress Patti D'Arbanville (together from 1981-1985), Tanya Tucker, actress/singer Barbra Streisand, Nash Bridges co-star Jodi Lyn O'Keefe and Jeanne Anderson (briefly engaged in 1996). Johnson is the father of three, a son named Jesse (born in 1982; mother Patti D'Arbanville) and two daughters, Dakota Mayi (born in 1989; mother Melanie Griffith) and Atherton Grace (born in 1999; mother Mary Kelley Phleger).
Don Juanson
Childhood and Family:
Born Donald Wayne Johnson on December 15, 1949, in Flat Creek, Missouri, Don Johnson grew up on his grandfathers farm before relocating with his family to Wichita, Kansas, when he was 6. Soon after, his parents divorced. Don is the oldest of four children to a farmer farther and a beautician mother. He has two brothers, KC and Greg, and one sister named Linda, a singer whose stage name is Jamie Skylar.
Moving back to Missouri with his mother, young Don began to get into trouble. At age 12, he was arrested and sent to a boys reformatory for stealing a car. As a teenager, he became involved with older women and even moved in with a 25-year-old woman when he was just 16.
A Wichita South High School graduate, Don went to the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, on a drama scholarship. Here, Don became interested in acting and spent two years working with plays. He next headed for San Francisco and joined the American Conservatory Theatre.
Don has been married five times. The first marriage happened when he was 19, but later was annulled. Just like the first, Dons second youthful marriage also was cancelled. In 1976, he tied the knot with actress Melanie Griffith, but they divorced a year later. After a 12-year separation, the couple remarried on June 26, 1989, but again divorced. Don and Griffith share a daughter named Dakota Mayi (born on October 4, 1989). On April 29, 1999, Don began a new family by marrying fiancé Kelley Phleger, an ex-debutante who was born in June 1968. The union welcomed their first child, daughter Atherton Grace, on December 28, 1999. Don also has a son, Jesse (born in 1982), from his relationship with actress Patti D'Arbanville. Aside from his five marriages, Don has always managed to be in the company of beautiful women and earned the nickname Don Juanson.
A Boy and His Dog
A qualified actor by his late teens, Don Johnson began singing and acting in high school and performed in a number of plays at the University of Kansas. He then made his way to San Francisco and worked with the American Conservatory Theatre (ACT). Soon after, Johnson kicked of his professional stage career with the ACT production of the musical Your Own Thing. His performance was so impressive that director/actor Sal Mineo landed Johnson a major role in the1969 Los Angeles stage production of Fortune in Mens Eye, which featured a realistic rape scene in a mens prison. His performance in the controversial play won Johnson a contract with MGM and he quickly made a jump to the big screen with the title role in the forgettable The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart (1970).
Johnson went on to take roles in movies like Zachariah (1971), The Harrad Experiment (1973), Lollipops and Roses (1974) and Return to Macon County (1975), but it was the sci-fi cult classic A Boy and His Dog (1995), based on a novella by sci-fi legend Harlan Ellison, that made the young actor a star. The film was certified a hit and, as an actor, Johnson received critical and popular acclaim for his bright portrayal of Vic. He also netted an Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films for Best Actor.
Following his much-talked-about performance, Johnson worked almost exclusively on TV. He had his TV movie debut with Law of the Land (1976) and then performed in the TV films The City (1977), Cover Girls (1977), Pressure Point (1978), the amazingly dull Ski Lift to Death (1978),The Two-Five (1978), Katie: Portrait of a Centerfold (1978), the cancer drama First, You Cry (1978), Amateur Night at the Dixie Bar and Grill (1979), and made his TV miniseries debut in The Rebels (1979). Johnson finally returned to film with the 1980 Soggy Bottom, USA after a five years absence, but soon was back on the small screen to play a regular on the short-lived series From Here to Eternity (1980), opposite Kim Basinger, Barbara Hershey and William Devane. He was then seen in the miniseries Beulah Land (1980), appeared in the made-for-TV movie Revenge of the Stepford Wives (1980), was cast as Elvis Presley in the NBC movie Elvis and the Beauty Queen (1981) and portrayed Bob Howard in The Two Lives of Carol Letner (1981). Johnson also had a supporting role in the drama film Melanie (1982). Unfortunately, almost none of his work did much to increase his status as an actor.
Johnson bounced back in 1984 when he landed the role of Florida detective Sonny Crockett in Michael Manns trendy cop drama Miami Vice. Paired with Phillip Michael Thomas, Johnson charmed audiences with his tough, glamorous and well-dressed character. His sexy and humorous performance also contributed to the series phenomenal success. During his five-year tenure, Johnsons outstanding achievements included a 1986 Golden Globe for Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series Drama and an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in 1985. Following the massive victory, Johnson became a TV icon for the 1980s.
At the height of his popularity, Johnson branched out to singing by launching his debut album, Heartbeat, in 1986. He scored a success with the albums title song when it reached No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles charts. His second studio album, Let It Roll, hit the music shelves two years later. Johnson also collaborated with Barbara Streisand for the hit track Til I Loved You.
While working on Miami Vice, Johnson offered a notable performance as Ben Quick in the TV movie remake of The Long Hot Summer (1985). He also appeared on film with Cease Fire (1985), where he was cast as a war veteran who is haunted by his war experiences. As Miami Vice came to an end in the late 80s, Johnsons star began to fade. He made a series of big screen duds like Sweet Hearts Dance (1988), John Frankenheimer thriller Dead Bang (1989), Dennis Hoppers The Hot Spot (1990) and Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991). His next efforts, with wife Melanie Griffith, were Paradise (1991) and the remake of Born Yesterday (1993). Both were box office failures despite his good performances. Even a partnership with well-known director Sidney Lumet proved disappointing when the courtroom drama Guilty as Sin (1993) was considered ordinary and under-plotted.
Johnson regained his celebrity status when he was cast in the supporting role of narcissistic golf pro David Simms in the Kevin Costner hit Tin Cup (1996), helmed by Ron Shelton. On television, the actor enjoyed a career recovery as a quick-witted detective in the cop series Nash Bridges (1996). The show was a solid performer but was axed after its 6th season. Johnson then made a rare film appearance in Goodbye Lover (1998), playing tricky, treacherous advertising executive Ben Dunmore. Although the movie earned lukewarm reviews at Cannes, Johnson received a big boost when Variety called it enjoyable as long as Don Johnson is in it.
Withdrawing from the screen for almost five years, Johnson resurfaced as Benjamin Tyson in the made-for-TV movie Word of Honor (2003). In 2005, he played Grant Cooper in the series Just Legal (2005), and appeared on the silver screen as a male guest in The Dying Gaul (2005).
- Sho West: Male Star of the Year, 1988
- Golden Globe: Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series - Drama, Miami Vice, 1986
- Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films: Golden Scroll-Best Actor, A Boy and His Dog, 1976


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You Can't Detect What You Can't See: Illuminating the Entire Kill Chain
On-Demand Webinar
The attraction is obvious. SOA enables a remarkable degree of flexibility, and of integration of applications. This new enterprise architecture technology almost like magic allows IT departments to combine the services from many disparate software.
With SOA, data stored in outdated legacy apps can be meshed with data in current-day apps. The trend toward virtualization is pushed forward. Open source apps can be integrated with proprietary software as if Bill Gates and Linus Torvald were each others long lost twin.
|SOA Articles
|SOA in Plain Language Web 2.0: The 'Consumerization' of The Enterprise Swainson: Virtualization Everywhere in 5 Years SOA and Vendor Buzz
Is it any wonder that SOA (promoted heavily by deep-pocketed vendors and legions of pricey consulting firms) has found a place in forward-looking enterprise architectures?
But amid the hoopla, SOA presents new challenges to enterprises challenges that some companies may be ill-equipped to handle. As a technology that allows far greater flexibility, even creativity, it requires far more governance.
SOA is the exact opposite of a set it and leave it technology. Like a garden that constantly grows and changes, a SOA-enabled architecture needs carefully tending to prevent it from growing into a riot of unplanned consequences.
Clearly, The architecture allows you to do a lot of integration of disparate systems, says Marianne Hedin, an IDC analyst whos written voluminously about SOA, and who sees great potential in this new technology.
Yet while SOA offers wonderful advantages, she tells Datamation, the danger is that it becomes too wonderful and youre creating chaos instead, and then youll have unhappy organizations that say What is this thing? Youve destroyed our whole entire procurement process and payment process.
Too Easy
Using SOA on an ongoing basis can be more complicated than some companies think it will be, Hedin says. So vendors have to be careful when they introduce this to their customers.
One of the big issues is, if you make it so simple to create new applications through these combinations I call it plug and play eventually its going to be so easy that even someone like you and I can do it. You dont need to be a software developer.
While this ease of use might conjure images of a complex network responding to the needs of any employee, it also suggests problems, ranging from mere inconvenience to true nightmare.
First, Software developers now have to become much more cognizant, more than ever before, of what the business needs, Hedin says. Because they cant just take any application and say, Oh, Im going to change this one. And Im going to take this component from that application, and this component from that application, and Im going to create a new one.
The resulting SOA-enabled application might be quite advanced, but it might also also be unneeded. Worse, it might create problems for the business. It may reveal sensitive data or route work orders in ways that are counterproductive.
As good as this new SOA-enabled app looks on the micro level, does it fit into the enterprises macro plan?
In fact, there was a case and Im sure there were many cases like this where the IT department said, Oh, yippee, hurray, lets put a new application in our department, in the IT department only. And lets free up the software developers to create all this new nifty stuff.
And they did that. And lo and behold, they created complete chaos in the business. Because all of a sudden there were all these applications popping up that customers were using, that became accessible to customers and partners, and oh my goodness, Hedin says, with a laugh.
Next page: Everythings Interconnected
IT Solutions Builder TOP IT RESOURCES TO MOVE YOUR BUSINESS FORWARD
Data Storage
IT Management
Searching our resource database to find your matches...


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Globaltakeoff.net is one of the fast growing next generation CPM Online Advertising Networking allowing the advertisers to reach targeted and qualified ...
Vertical Acuity is the world's first Content Logistics Platform™. We empower online publishers to grow their businesses by discovering, organizing and publishing content to and from thousands of sites across the web, without the cost of dev...
In terms of market share, GlobalTakeoff is clearly lagging behind, losing to Vertical Acuity in all segments.
GlobalTakeoff has better usage coverage in more websites categories. Including Arts & Entertainment, People & Society, Music & Audio, Movies and 16 other categories.
Vertical Acuity is leading in Energy.
GlobalTakeoff is leading in most countries, including India, United States, Sri Lanka, Germany and 11 other countries.
Vertical Acuity is leading in Canada.


text:
MINDBODY One is a free online community run
by business owners using MINDBODY.
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The online community is home to thousands of business owners and managers – just like you – around the world who use MINDBODY.
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You'll find a diverse group of peers, experts, and industry colleagues to collaborate with, including:
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Your Peers. Your Community.
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ASUMC is a multi-racial, multi-ethnic, multi-class, LGBTQ welcoming faith community. As a founding member of POWER (Philadelphians Organized to Witness Empower and Rebuild) an interfaith network of 45 congregations, ASUMC is in constant contact and community with Muslims, Jews, Roman Catholics, other Protestants, Quakers and Ethical Humanists. Through the New Sanctuary Movement and the Nationalities Service Center of Philadelphia, ASUMC further expands its connections with persons from all over the world, representing a wide variety of cultural and religious expressions. ASUMC is a seasoned interfaith and cross-cultural partner and finds great joy in building and sustaining shared ministry and service.
This mentoring initiative is designed to engage young adults from the ages of 18 to 25 in a year-long experience that will assist each mentee to hear and discern how God is calling them into service.
ASUMC will recruit, orient, train, support, engage and supervise six young adults for one year. Drawing on ASUMC's established programs and relationships with Grace Café, Serenity House, POWER and the New Sanctuary Movement, each mentee will be prepared and positioned to add capacity to ongoing activity within one aspect of ASUMC's community ministry portfolio. For approximately 10 hours per week with two weeks of vacation during the year, each person will be engaged in activity set out in a clear job description. Bi-weekly one-on-one supervision for one hour; bi-weekly peer group exchanges for one hour, and 6 training sessions for up to two hours each will be factored into the schedule. Program site supervisors will provide hands-on direction and support.
The bi-weekly supervision conducted by the Senior Pastor will center each mentee on discerning the call to ministry, spiritual formation, personal development and interpreting the theological significance of each person's work in the world. The bi-weekly facilitated peer groups will stimulate conversation and connections between the young adults and deepen their experience in telling their call story and reflecting on its development. The six training sessions will provide training in areas like the following: Community Organizing, Action Research and Power Analysis; Issue Testimony Preparation and Presentation; Developing and Presenting Faith Reflections; Addressing Family and Community Trauma; Self-Care; Self-reflection and Transformation; Understanding the Intersectionality of Race, Class, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Environmental Concerns in Addressing Oppression; Effectively Supporting and Engaging Persons with Behavioral and Mental Health Conditions, Asset Based Community Development and Creating New Forms of Worship and Communities of Faith.
Each mentee will be assigned to one specific program area within ASUMC's community outreach portfolio or partnerships. Issues include the following: living wage, mass incarceration, education reform, racial justice, immigration reform, and homelessness. Each program area will provide a worksite supervisor to see that each mentee has hands on experience for up to eight hours per week. They will also assist in developing and sustaining an ongoing conversation about the connection of meaningful work and service to the human spirit and Divine Call.
Each mentee will receive a monthly public transit pass as an incentive. Two retreats will be provided. The first retreat will serve as part of the orientation to and preparation for the program and the second retreat will provide for reflection and closure at the end of the program. A group trip to implement a service project together in a rural community is also planned. In addition, the mentees, with guidance from the GMF US-2 will create up to six community building activities that will take place outside of the program hours.
Prayer, Meditation, Singing, Reading Sacred Texts, Spoken Word and other forms of Worship and Spiritual Formation will be infused throughout the program. Connecting all of the above in a seamless set of interactions, conversations and shared experiences will provide an excellent context for discerning and developing each person's Divine Call and Spiritual Direction.
Tentative Program Dates:Orientation: September 17-18 or September 24-25, 2016Mid-term retreat: January 28-29 or February 4-5, 2017End-term retreat: April 29-30 or May 6-7, 2017Program ends: June 25, 2017
Application Deadline: June 30, 2016. For more information, contact Reverend Robin M. Hynicka at (215) 498 3718 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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PARAMUS, NJ-Vornado Realty Trust announced that company President and CEO Michael D. Fascitelli plans to leave his post effective Apr. 15, 2013. He has also resigned as president of Alexander's Inc., effective Apr. 15.
Fascitelli will continue to serve on Vornado's board of trustees and will remain on Alexander's Inc's board of directors through his current term, scheduled to expire in May 2013. He plans to take a break, after which he will pursue new challenges.
Vornado Realty's board of trustees appointed Steven Roth, the company's chairman, to serve as CEO going forward. Roth has served as Vornado's CEO once before, from May 1989 through May 2009.
Fascitelli joined Vornado 16 years ago as president and trustee. He assumed the post of CEO in May 2009.


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For the best experience on the Abcam website please upgrade to a modern browser such as Google Chrome
Synthetic peptide: RLIVAREHIDKYKN, corresponding to C terminal amino acids 408-421 of Human ACADM.
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab13677 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
|Use a concentration of 0.01 - 0.1 µg/ml. Detects a band of approximately 45 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 48 kDa).Can be blocked with Human ACADM peptide (ab23229).
|Use a concentration of 3 - 5 µg/ml. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Ab13677 staining (0.05
Primary incubated for 1 hour.
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"


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The American Petroleum Institute lists state taxes on 1 gallon of gasoline. Information gets compiled quarterly. As of the January 2015 report, the average state excise tax on gasoline is 20.64 cents per gallon.Continue Reading
Pennsylvania has the highest state gas tax at 50.5 cents per gallon, due to new taxes that went into effect in 2013. California, New York and Hawaii also have high taxes at or above 45 cents per gallon. California and New York have higher rates because of significant amounts of infrastructure needed to support large populations of drivers that use gasoline.
Oil-producing Alaska has the lowest state tax on motor fuel at 12.4 cents per gallon. New Jersey has the second-lowest tax at 14.5 cents. South Carolina, Oklahoma and Missouri also have tax rates of less than 18 cents per gallon.
A total of 17 states have state and federal taxes greater than 49.5 cents per gallon. Nineteen states mandate total taxes between 40 cents and 49.5 cents, while 14 states have state and federal gasoline taxes of less than 40 cents. The nationwide average for state and federal taxes comes in at 48.29 cents per gallon.
Some states base tax rates on a percentage of the price of fuel rather than a flat amount per gallon. Taxes for diesel fuel are different than for unleaded gasoline. Federal taxes were set in 1993 at 18.3 cents a gallon.Learn more about Taxes


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(AP) Kershaw, Dodgers beat Phillies 5-0 for 10th in row
By MIKE WISNIEWSKI
Associated Press
Clayton Kershaw pitched eight dominant innings and the seemingly unstoppable Los Angeles Dodgers won their 10th straight Saturday night, beating Philadelphia 5-0 to keep the Phillies scoreless in two games under new manager Ryne Sandberg.
Juan Uribe hit a three-run homer, Kershaw had an RBI double and the Dodgers improved to 25-3 after the All-Star break. They have won 19 of their last 20 road games and are 42-8 overall since June 22.
Meanwhile, the skidding Phillies have yet to cross home plate since manager Charlie Manuel was fired Friday in the middle of a second-half swoon. They were blanked 4-0 by Zack Greinke and the Dodgers in Sandberg's debut and now have lost 21 of 25.
Both teams were .500 at the All-Star break.


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To avoid issues regarding access rights, please check the following topics:
- After the installation of NovaBACKUP, use the Windows Services (services.msc) to switch the service 'NovaStor NovaBACKUP backup/copy engine' (nsservice.exe) to an administrator account (domain administrator if necessary).
- Adjust your anti virus software to exclude the folders used by NovaBACKUP, including the installation path, the profile path (.\ProgramData\NovaStor) and your backup destination.
- Make sure that you have enough room available on the drive which holds the folder for temporary files used by NovaBACKUP. The folder path can be changed through Advanced Options in NovaBACKUP.


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Are Yoo Ah In and Jung Yoo Mi dating?
Korean fans are wondering whether Yoo Ah In (29) and Jung Yoo Mi (32) are dating, and they have valid reasons to believe so.
Netizens are speculating whether best friends Yoo Ah In and Jung Yoo Mi are something more than that, as evidenced by their Instagram photos charged with romantic chemistry and quotes from Yoo Ah In's past interviews.
Yoo Ah In and Jung Yoo Mi first met in 2007 through a movie and have been friends for the past 8 years, making public and private appearances together.
In a January 2012 interview, Yoo Ah In announced he was in a relationship. "I'm in a very stable relationship. I'm strict to myself, but I've been at peace these days, probably because I'm seeing someone," Yoo Ah In said. In 2013, Yoo Ah In picked his costar Jung Yoo Mi as his ideal type at the press conference for Tough as Iron. "I still like her. She is a natural rather than a free-spirited actress," Yoo Ah In said.
Yoo Ah In and Jung Yoo Mi worked together in many occasions, dubbing an animated movie together and starring on Skeletons in the Closet and Tough as Iron. In addition, Yoo Ah In appeared as a cameo on the last episode of Jung Yoo Mi's 2014 romantic comedy Discovery of Romance.
Jung Yoo Mi is part of Yoo Ah In's creative studio https://yooahinsikseekland.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/yoo-ah-in-studio-concrete-spread-love-through-1to10-series-shirt/" style="background-color: initial;">Concrete, Last Monday on October 5, Jung Yoo Mi celebrated Yoo Ah In's birthday along with other friends.
What are your thoughts on the two best friends? Tell us in the comments below!
Watch Yoo Ah In in Six Flying Dragons:
Angela is a creative writer. Find her at @anglelas to read her articles or suggest a story.


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Martin Luther King and Malcolm X.
Credit: Image courtesy of American Studies at the University of Virginia.
"You don't integrate with a sinking ship." This was Malcolm X's curt explanation of why he did not favor integration of blacks with whites in the United States. As the chief spokesman of the Nation of Islam, a Black Muslim organization led by Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X argued that America was too racist in its institutions and people to offer hope to blacks. The solution proposed by the Nation of Islam was a separate nation for blacks to develop themselves apart from what they considered to be a corrupt white nation destined for divine destruction.
In contrast with Malcolm X's black separatism, Martin Luther King, Jr. offered what he considered "the more excellent way of love and nonviolent protest" as a means of building an integrated community of blacks and whites in America. He rejected what he called "the hatred and despair of the black nationalist," believing that the fate of black Americans was "tied up with America's destiny." Despite the enslavement and segregation of blacks throughout American history, King had faith that "the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God" could reform white America through the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement.
This lesson will contrast the respective aims and means of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. to evaluate the possibilities for black American progress in the 1960s.
Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X (1925-65) was the son of a West Indian mother and black Baptist preacher. His father was a local organizer for Marcus Garvey's United Negro Improvement Association, which promoted black separatism and pan-Africanism. After moving to Lansing, Michigan, Malcolm suffered the death of his father (under suspicious circumstances) and several years later saw his mother committed to a mental institution. A top student in elementary school (who was elected the seventh-grade class president), Malcolm told his English teacher he wanted to be a lawyer; he was told, "That's no realistic goal for a Nigger," and he soon asked to go live with his half-sister Ella in Boston. He took a job as a shoe-shine boy; later became a street hustler in New York; and eventually was imprisoned for burglary before his twenty-first birthday. Malcolm read voraciously in prison and was introduced to the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam (NOI) by his siblings and inmates. Paroled in August 1952, he went to live in Detroit with his eldest brother Wilfred.
After meeting Elijah Muhammad, he began recruiting converts for the local NOI temple and officially adopted "X" for his surname, which represented his lost African family name. He quickly rose through the ranks of NOI temple ministers. Malcolm married Betty X (née Sanders) in January 1958, who bore him four daughters while he was alive and twins after his death. In 1959, Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam gained national prominence with the airing of "The Hate That Hate Produced," a documentary by Mike Wallace and Louis Lomax, and subsequent articles in U.S. News & World Report and Time magazine. By 1960, Malcolm X had started or helped start over a hundred temples with thousands of converts; founded the NOI's newspaper Muhammad Speaks; wrote a syndicated column entitled "God's Angry Men" for major black newspapers; and became Elijah Muhammad's chief spokesman.
Malcolm X's popularity soon distanced him from rival ministers at the Chicago headquarters. In addition, Elijah Muhammad's bad health and rumors of his infidelity with NOI secretaries led to uncertainty about the future leadership of the Nation. After John F. Kennedy's assassination in November 22, 1963, Elijah Muhammad directed his ministers not to comment on the death of a president popular among black Americans. But after giving a speech entitled "God's Judgment of White America" on December 4, 1963, Malcolm X called the assassination a case of "the chickens coming home to roost." Elijah Muhammad promptly silenced Malcolm X for ninety days. Convinced that jealous rivals were undermining his reputation with the ailing Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam in March 1964 and announced the formation of the Muslim Mosque, Inc.
Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam at the climax of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s fame as leader of the Civil Rights Movement. During 1963 and 1964, King was chosen Time magazine's "Man of the Year"; drew national attention to "Bull" Connor's barbaric law enforcement; penned his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"; delivered his most famous speech ("I Have a Dream") at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom; saw passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act; and received the Nobel Peace Prize. To justify an alternative message for black liberation in America, Malcolm X painted a stark contrast between his philosophy and that of the most popular civil rights spokesman of his day.
After a pilgrimage to Mecca in April 1964, where he became a Sunni Muslim (and referred to the NOI as a "pseudo-religious philosophy"), he returned to America as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz and formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity. No longer asserting that whites were "devils," but still skeptical of American institutions to secure the civil rights of black Americans, Malcolm argued that the civil rights movement needed to be taken to a more receptive international forum such as the United Nations and World Court. Denounced by his protégé Louis X (Farrakhan) in Muhammad Speaks as "worthy of death," and suspecting he was poisoned during a tour of Africa, Malcolm X saw his death as imminent. On February 14, 1965, his home was firebombed, and on February 21 Malcolm X was shot to death as he began a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem.
For Malcolm X, discussing his legacy is complicated by his departure from the Nation of Islam in March 1964, which was followed by a year of self-examination and public exploration of alternative approaches to helping black Americans secure their rights. Although he became famous between 1959 and 1963 as the lead spokesman for the Nation of Islam, his controversial exit from the Black Muslim organization and his eventual assassination in February 1965 make it difficult to give a definitive account of what he actually believed. This lesson will focus on the ideas and recommendations of Malcolm X that produced his greatest fame and notoriety as the public face of the Nation of Islam. (Students can explore some of the changes that his thinking underwent in the last year of his life in the "Extending the Lesson" section of this lesson.)
During his seventeen-year association with the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X did not consider politics a legitimate activity for black Americans. He believed that the United States governments (both state and federal) represented the interests of whites exclusively, which made political participation by black Americans a waste of time at best, and complicity in their own oppression at worst. The "so-called Negro," as Elijah Muhammad called black Americans, needed to stay as far away as possible from the white institutions of power. These institutions included not only political parties, offices, and elections but also schools, workplaces, and social venues. According to the Nation of Islam's religious dogma, the one true God, Allah, destined whites for imminent annihilation. Therefore, the less integrated blacks were with white society, the better.
Malcolm X believed that the only way to be free from the cultural hegemony of white America was through the reeducation of black Americans. Central to that reeducation was the rejection of the traditional Christianity of black America. Malcolm X read current events in light of Nation of Islam eschatology. With "the race problem" in the U.S. as the problem in modern-day America, Malcolm X believed only God's "Messenger," Elijah Muhammad, knew the true nature of the problem and how it could be solved. Unlike Martin Luther King, Jr., who appealed to the conscience and justice of white America, Malcolm X highlighted the longstanding and manifest injustices of white America to persuade black Americans to seek a separate black state large enough to include all 22 million black Americans then residing in the United States. Self-understanding for black Americans could only come through their becoming a nation unto themselves and form their own schools, shops, and businesses.
For an introduction to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s involvement with the Civil Rights Movement, see Sections I and IV of Lesson #1 of "Competing Voices of the Civil Rights Movement" unit, entitled "Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nonviolent Resistance: To Obey or Not to Obey?"
This lesson makes use of sound recordings, written primary source documents, and worksheets, available both online and in the Text Document that accompanies this lesson. Students can read and analyze source materials entirely online, or do some of the work online and some in class from printed copies.
Read over the lesson. Bookmark the websites that you will use. If students will be working from printed copies in class, download the documents from the Text Document and duplicate as many copies as you will need. If students need practice in analyzing primary source documents, excellent resource materials are available at the EDSITEment-reviewed Learning Page of the Library of Congress. Helpful Document Analysis Worksheets may be found at the site of the National Archives.
Note: Discussion of the Civil Rights Movement can elicit strong responses from individuals, even today. Teachers should be aware of this and closely monitor class discussion, particularly when addressing the derogatory language used to describe different groups of people during this time period.
This activity is built around the following sequence of tasks:
1. Students gain an understanding of the mission of Civil Rights Movement and the context in which it occurs
2. Students hear the rhetorical power of Malcolm X and analyze primary sources (a) Audio recording of Malcolm X, "Message to the Grassroots" (November 10, 1963)
3. Students hear the rhetorical power of Martin Luther King, Jr., and analyze primary sources
4. Students write reports in which they evaluate the two activists and judge which leader's goals could best secure a better life for black Americans. In the activity for this lesson, students will be playing the part of a reporter from a large city newspaper in the 1960s. This reporter has seen first-hand the inner-city problems and racial conflict that are tearing at the seams of society. He knows that the black community is hearing two persuasive voices: those of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., whose approaches to solving the difficulties are poles apart. His editorial board assigns him the task of writing a column on the two leaders, briefly assessing their strengths and weaknesses, but also judging whose approach better solves the problems facing the black community. Before he writes this column, however, he travels to hear the speeches of the two men, and takes an up-close look at key speeches and writings.
In order for students to know why they are listening and doing research, they should be told at the beginning that the goal of their stint at journalistic writing is a column for the newspaper. They can then proceed with the assignment with this final objective in mind. Let them know that the final report will be graded. If an additional prize is to be offered for the best report or reports, announce this before the project begins.
Give students the option of either working individually or working in pairs as a journalistic team.
Start this activity with a homework assignment. A day or two before the lesson begins, have students gain historical context for this assignment by accessing two EDSITEment-reviewed websites or by reading printed copies of the same information located in the Text Document on pages 1-3, distributed to students in advance.
1. (a) For an overview of the civil rights struggle of the 1960s, see paragraphs one, two, and five at the following site, linked from the EDSITEment-reviewed "American Studies at the University of Virginia."
(b) Tell students to pay particular attention to specific examples of racial discrimination and segregation laws found in the following EDSITEment-reviewed website from the National Park Service. (Students need to scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on "The Need for Change.") Have students take notes on these sites for later use in their newspaper articles.
2. (a) On the first full period devoted to this lesson, begin class with an introduction to Malcolm X's provocative rhetoric by having students listen to 3-5 minutes of his November 10, 1963 speech, "Message to the Grassroots," linked from the EDSITEment-reviewed "American Studies at the University of Virginia." Given the length of the audio clip, you may want to suggest that each student listen to a different 3-5 minute segment of the speech to give a more expansive coverage of Malcolm X's riveting oratory.
(b) Next, have students read Louis Lomax's interview of Malcolm X (November 1963) and answer the questions that follow, which are available in worksheet form on pages 9-10 of the Text Document. A link to the text "A Summing Up: Louis Lomax Interviews Malcolm X" can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Teaching American History." For a shorter version of the interview that can be printed out and distributed to the students, see the excerpted version on pages 4-8 of the Text Document.
(c) Next, have students continue their in-class work by reading Malcolm X's "Message to the Grassroots" (November 10, 1963) and answering the questions that follow, which are available in worksheet form on page 13 of the Text Document. A link to the text of "Message to the Grassroots" can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Teaching American History." A short excerpt from the speech is also included in the Text Document on pages 11-12, and can be printed out for student use.
Assign any unfinished work on the two Malcolm X worksheets for homework.
3. (a) Begin day two by introducing students to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s stirring rhetoric by having them listen to a brief excerpt from his "I Have a Dream" speech. Go to the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project: Popular Requests" and click the Quicktime or Realmedia link for a three-minute, audio excerpt from "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom."
(b) Then, spend part of the class having students read Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "The Power of Nonviolence" (June 4, 1957) and answering the questions that follow, which are available in worksheet form on page 17 of the Text Document. A link to the text of "The Power of Nonviolence" can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Teaching American History." The speech is also included in the Text Document on pages 14-16, and can be printed out for student use.
(c) Next, have students continue their in-class work by reading Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail," and answering the questions that follow below, which are available in worksheet form on pages 23-24 of the Text Document. Note: If your class has completed Lesson 1 of the "The Diversity of the Civil Rights Movement" unit, substitute the King activity listed in the "Extending the Lesson" section, which examines Martin Luther King, Jr.'s October 1966 essay, "Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom."
A link to the full text of King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project":. For purposes of this lesson, use the excerpts from the essay, located on pages 18-22 of the Text Document.
Assign any unfinished work on the two Martin Luther King, Jr., worksheets for homework. Students who wish to do so may also begin their final writing task at home.
4. After students have gained an understanding of the key ideas of the two leaders, they are ready, as reporters, to assume their final, culminating task of writing their columns for the newspaper. Devote most of the class time to the writing assignment. The article should include the following points, using the Text Document guidelines on page 25, which students should have in hand for reference as they write:
After the newspaper columns have been written, select a few to be read in class: namely, those that reflect good writing and journalistic skills or that represent differing points of view in the judgment rendered or the reasons given. An editorial prize or prizes might be given (in addition to a good grade!), such as a homework pass or extra credit.
Instruct students to give a one- or two-paragraph answer to any or all of the following questions, which are available in worksheet form on pages 26-27 of the Text Document:
While a member of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X was apolitical. This was due to Elijah Muhammad's strictures against Black Muslims participating in a political system he believed was rigged against blacks. Malcolm X was chiefly a religious spokesman who exhorted black Americans to separate from what he viewed as white American institutions. His message to white Americans was to repair the damage they had done to black Americans (for example, by giving them a separate state and money for 25 years to get started), or else God's judgment would fall on them for domestic oppression and international imperialism and colonialism.
After Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam in March 1964, he felt free to offer political solutions to the problems that afflicted black Americans. He was still dubious of the American political system, but advised black Americans to (1) engage in smarter political voting and organization (for example, no longer voting for black leaders he viewed as shills for white interests) and (2) fight for civil rights at the international level, where he thought the non-white nations of the world would side with the oppressed black American minority and pressure the United States (through the United Nations and World Court) to protect their rights.
A month after leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X gave a speech entitled "The Ballot or the Bullet." This speech will help students understand how his thinking about America and black progress was evolving. In particular, it will explore how his goal and methods changed after he left the Nation of Islam.
Have students read the "The Ballot or the Bullet" (April 3, 1964) and answer the questions that follow, which are available in worksheet form on pages 7-8 of the corresponding Text Document. A link to the text "The Ballot or the Bullet" can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Teaching American History". For purposes of this lesson, use the excerpts from the speech, located on pages 1-6 of the Text Document.
After Malcolm X's violent death in February 1965, and amidst urban riots the following year, increasing numbers of black youth rejected Martin Luther King, Jr.'s nonviolent methods and sought a more militant approach to combating white supremacy in America. The cry of "Black Power," instead of "We Shall Overcome" and "Freedom Now," became the slogan of a new faction of the Civil Rights Movement. In response to Black Power advocates, King wrote an article for Ebony magazine that directly addressed the claims of this new movement and explained why he believed nonviolent protest remained the most prudent means of advancing the cause of black Americans.
Have students read King's October 1966 essay, "Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom," and answer the questions that follow, which are available in worksheet form on pages 14-15 of the Text Document. A link to the "Nonviolence" text can be found at the EDSITEment-reviewed site "Teaching American History". A shorter excerpt from the article is also included in the Text Document on pages 9-13, and can be printed out for student use.
3 class periods


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Growing Pains: Public Discusses Bank Swap
Written by Luther Register, June 30, 2017
It's a good "problem" to have, if you want to call it a problem. You might want to call it opportunity. Luther's First Bank & Trust is out of room for its employees and out of room for customers to park on Main Street. The bank is growing because Luther citizens are seeking more loans


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Video & music by Mauro Remiddi.
Every morning in my house, for few minutes the sun hit a piece of plexiglass leaning by the stairs, creating reflections of all sort. Once I swear I saw a horse on the doorstep. I filmed the reflections for several morning. They felt like apparitions to me. Images that would animate the room for a minute before disappearing