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November 1, 2017
Travertine Driveway
You've got a driveway to lay and you're unsure of what size Travertine to choose?
The size you choose can really make a difference in the overall style when it comes to natural stone driveways, and really any location. Your Travertine options for your driveway include a stunning intricate French Pattern with a combination of sizes, including 610×406, 406×203, 406×406 and 203×203. Our French pattern comes pre-cut and packaged in an easy to lay manner and really adds character and interest to an area. When it comes to driveways an important aspect to keep in mind is: smaller is stronger, it isn't recommended to be laying large 1000×1000 pavers on driveways with heavy traffic, so the French pattern with a combination or small-medium sizes is perfect!
Alternatively, those seeking a more traditional and classical design, the size 610×406 would suit perfectly. It can be laid in a straight bond pattern, brick bond, herringbone pattern and everything in between.
Travertine colours for pavers and tiles are available in various style options including Ivory, Silver, Nocé, Antique, Shell White, Pearl Grey and Classic, so there is an option to suit everyone, whether wanting the Shell White Travertine look of the Greek Islands or the Ivory Travertine to recreate to Roman Architecture in your own home, we have it at Stone and Slate Discounts.
October 24, 2016
Travertine is a natural stone with beautiful variations. Sourced from quarries around the world, travertine brings a touch of nature to your home. With a wide range of styles and colors to choose from, you can easily find the perfect match for your interior and exterior flooring needs. For more travertine products, visit our travertine page.
Classic Travertine Tile Flooring
With more than 100 styles and colors of travertine tile to choose from, you can easily find the perfect match for your interior and exterior flooring needs.
A Time-Tested, Worldly Classic
Already established as one of the best-selling building materials on the market, travertine stone is becoming more popular every year. This elite, durable limestone is formed by mineral deposits from hot springs or limestone caves, and it's cut from quarries around the world. The stone features classic, neutral colors and unique natural patterns that can give your kitchen, bathroom or other spaces an air of sophistication and elegance.
Give Your Home an Ageless Upgrade
Travertine is a sedimentary rock with a distinctive feel and texture and a rich architectural history. The Romans used it to build the Coliseum, and it's also featured in the walls of castles, churches, monuments, bath complexes and aqueducts across the globe. The colors of natural travertine tile range from ivory and golden hues to salmons, soft beiges and browns.
Each tile is uniquely crafted by nature with striking patterns, crevices and distinctive veining. Travertine tile is available in various matte or glossy finishes; options include filled honed, unfilled honed, brushed, tumbled and polished. Using travertine flooring, you can create timeless, classic looks for your own corner of the world with a natural, neutral color palette that stands the test of time and fits any type of decor. Use it for interior floors, paved patios and garden paths.
Travertine Flooring Benefits
- Affordable Luxury: Tiles deliver a rich look at a reasonable price.
- Durability and Longevity: Natural stone is stronger than man-made tiles and provides decades of beauty.
- Versatility: Travertine flooring blends easily with accent colors and virtually any decor style.
- Adds Value: Stone flooring is a great investment that increases your home's aesthetic appeal and market value.
- Relatively Low-Maintenance: It's easy to clean and only requires periodic resealing.
- Practical Choice: Stone is a great option for high-traffic areas.
- One-of-a-kind Looks: No two tiles are alike.
- Easy to Work With: Tiles are easier to manipulate, especially when cutting small pieces.
- Unglazed/Colored Throughout: Consistent color through every layer of the tile makes nicks and chips less visible.
- Flexible Replacement: Natural variations in color make it easier to match replacement tiles.Travertine Outdoor Tiles
travertine floor tiles
August 28, 2016
Walkways and driveways require a strong, durable material to hold up to heavy traffic without the need for frequent replacement. Natural granite pavers, available in colors ranging from grey and black to yellow and pink, provide a sturdy foundation that can last a lifetime when installed properly. Granite pavers for walkways and patios, which endure frequent foot traffic, require a minimum 10mm – 20mm thickness, while driveways need pavers at least 20mm thick to hold up to heavy vehicle traffic. Although granite pavers are much more expensive than alternative paving materials, their durability makes them well worth the initial investment.
Determine the desired finish height for the granite paver surface, then measure the paver thickness to factor into the excavation depth.
Mark the area for the pavers with landscaping spray paint; it helps to outline the area with a flexible garden hose before committing to the design with paint.
Calculate the excavation depth required for the project, adding the paver thickness, 25mm for a sand base, and 100mm – 150mm for a gravel base for walkways and patios or 150mm – 250mm inches for the gravel base for a driveway. A thicker base provides a more stable foundation and better drainage for the pavers; clay soils require a thicker base than sandy soil.
Excavate the area to the necessary depth as determined in your calculations. For example, a driveway with 30mm thick granite pavers on extremely clay, poorly-drained soil must be excavated to a depth of 400mm, allowing 100mm for paver thickness, 25mm for the sand base and 300mm for the gravel base to improve drainage. A walkway or patio with50mm thick pavers on clay soil requires only 175mm depth, allowing 50mm for paver thickness, 25 for the sand base and the minimum 100mm for the gravel base.
Grade the soil with a 1/2-to-1 percent slope to encourage water to run away from the paved area.
Pack the soil subsurface with a plate compactor until the area is smooth.
Fill the excavated area with the required amount of gravel or crushed rock, adding one-third of the gravel at a time. Choose base material with pieces 3/4-inch or smaller and that contains sharp edges and ground rock material for better compaction. Spread the base material evenly and check for level.
Pack the leveled base material with a plate compactor. Add the rest of the base material one-third at a time and pack it down between layers. Although you can add all the gravel or crushed rock at one time, the base material packs tighter when added in layers.
Add edging restraints to the edges of the area, using edging materials, such as lumber or polyvinyl paver restraints, to keep the pavers from shifting after installation. Secure the edging with 10-inch steel stakes spaced 2 feet apart for walkways and patios or 1 foot apart for granite paver driveways. Drive the spikes through the holes in polyvinyl paver restraints or along the outside of lumber restraints.
Add a 1-inch layer of coarse masonry sand over the compacted base layer and drag a two-by-four screed over the sand until level. Use the edge restraints as a guide to keep the sand in the boundaries.
Lay the granite pavers directly on the sand bedding in the desired pattern, spacing the pavers closely to prevent shifting in the future. If you must cut pavers to fit the outside edges, install the whole pieces in the inside area first.
Cut pavers as needed to fit within the paving area using a saw, such as a cutoff saw, with a diamond blade. Granite density and strength makes it difficult to cut, so a diamond blade is essential. You may find success with other types of saws outfitted with diamond blades, but a cutoff saw works especially well for pavers.
Pour fine sand, such as play sand or paver sand, over the granite paver surface and sweep the sand into the cracks between pavers. Spray the area with water to settle the sand, then add additional sand to fill in the cracks.
Run a plate compactor over the granite pavers to settle the pavers firmly in the sand bed and prevent shifting. Compact the pavers in a north-to-south direction, then go over the pavers again in an east-to-west direction.
Sweep any remaining sand or debris from the paver surface, then add sand binding sealant to the cracks between pavers, if desired, to reduce sand erosion further and prevent stains. As an alternative to sealants, fill the cracks with polymeric sand, which hardens similar to cement after getting wet.
Things You Will Need
- Measuring tape
- Garden hose
- Landscaping spray paint
- Digging tools
- Plate compactor
- 3/4-inch gravel or crushed rock
- Level
- Edging restraints
- 10-inch steel stakes
- Hammer
- Masonry sand
- 2-by-4 lumber
- Cutoff saw
- Fine sand
- Broom
- Sand binding sealant
- Milled granite often has a smooth side that becomes slippery when wet. To prevent slipping hazards, install the pavers with the smooth side down or heat the pavers with a torch to remove the smooth layer.
Travertine pavers give any homeowner the opportunity to own a patio, sidewalk or driveway that looks as if it were right out of a cathedral. Travertine pavers can add value to the home by being aesthetically pleasing. If you have a concrete patio, sidewalk, driveway or walls, you can make them look much better with travertine pavers. Installing travertine pavers on top of concrete saves you money while increasing value. The following article will show you how.
Step 1 – Clean the Concrete
The last thing you want is to have dirt and other debris sealed into mortar. It will not be visible, but it can cause the travertine pavers not to set properly. Sweep away any dust that may be on the surface of the concrete. Mix a few drops of soap into the water reservoir of a power washer and then spray down the concrete. Rinse out the reservoir, fill it with clean water and then rinse down the concrete. Allow the concrete to air dry. If this is inside the home, you could use a dehumidifier to hasten the drying process.
Step 2 – Apply Mortar
With the concrete dry, you can begin applying the mortar to the concrete. Since both concrete and mortar are porous, they will bond together. Install the mixing attachment to the drill and, using the instructions with the mortar, mix it in the bucket. You can also buy mortar that is already mixed. Always begin at the inside corners of the project. Apply the mortar to the concrete using the trowel and being generous with the amount that you use. Work in small sections so you do not give the mortar much time to begin its drying process. Use the trowel to spread the mortar out over the concrete as well as to give it some texture.
Step 3 – Place Travertine Pavers
Once the mortar has been spread out over the concrete, you can begin laying the pavers. Place the pavers in the corner, first making sure they are tight against the wall. If doing a driveway or sidewalk, then add extra mortar to the outside edge to compensate for the spreading of the mortar. Once the paver is in place, press down on it while wiggling it from side to side. This helps to spread out the mortar as well as allowing it to attach to the travertine pavers. Place the next paver, butting it up against the last. Continue adding mortar and pavers in this fashion until they are all placed.
Step 4 – Clean Up
As you are placing the pavers, you will notice mortar being expelled through the seams. Use the trowel to remove this excess mortar and place it back in the bucket for use later on. The mortar needs to cure for at least a full day prior to being walked on. It will be at least a week before the mortar is fully cured.
- Power washer – gernie
- Broom
- Mild soap
- Travertine pavers OR tiles
- Trowel
- Mortar Mix
- Water
- Bucket
- Drill
- Mixing attachment for drill
- Straight Edge or Level
- Chalk Line
- TIME – If no time allow approx $65-85 m2 for a professional paver to do the job.
August 8, 2016
Honed travertine tiles finish is best for travertine floors. This has a smooth, uniform surface with a matte finish. It causes less reflection of light than the polished finish and enhances indoor décor. The honed finish creates a comfortable floor surface. However, smooth honed travertine doesn't have the glassy feel of polished travertine. This makes it easier to walk on, which helps if you have young children. The marble-like surface of polished travertine can easily trigger an accident because it gets slippery when wet.
You can add to the durability of your honed travertine tiles if you seal the floor periodically. This gives the tiles higher resistance to stains and scratches.
Travertine – The basic background information
When most people think of travertine they think of the Colosseum in Rome and its history of use over thousands of years, now this unique stone type has made a comeback – but what is it?
Travertine Mock up
How does Travertine differ from Limestone – Similar BUT different?
Although both are composed of calcium carbonate, travertine is different from limestone due to its mode of formation and structure. For limestone, the predominant source of calcite is from marine organisms that either die or secrete material that settles to the ocean floor. The limestone subsequently formed may be reinforced at a later date by secondary calcite provided from supersaturated waters.
Travertine owes its origins to limestone deposits that have been dissolved by warm carbon dioxide laden (slightly acidic) water. When this carbonate-saturated water resurfaces at springs, the change in pressure and temperature results in the release of the carbon dioxide causing precipitation and recrystallisation of the calcium carbonate. In most cases the precipitation settles on aquatic plants eventually encasing the vegetation within the newly formed stone producing the typical pores or spongy appearance.
The elongated cavities found in most travertine also change its physical structure and characteristics compared to limestone. Although most stone types have some form of 'grain' or rift which can vary the stones' appearance to some degree, the porous structure of travertine can change the stone markedly when viewed in different orientations.
Colors of Travertine
Travertine is typically light cream to tan in colour although some localised deposits have been found to have a light grey-blue colouring. The stone can be produced in a range of finishes including polished, honed, sawn, tumbled and grit blasted.
As discussed earlier, travertine is a highly anisotropic material which gives the stone a distinctly different appearance depending on which way it is cut. Cutting travertine perpendicular to the bedding accentuates the grain and is identified as vein-cut.
The vein-cut finish exposes the natural elongated cavities within the stone which accentuate the texture of the stone but may also trap dirt and general grime. Filling the open cavities on one face of the slab with a cement or resin based filler makes cleaning easier by producing a consistent surface finish.
Travertine that is cut parallel to the bedding is called cross-cut. This orientation displays loose 'flowery' concentric blotches giving rise to the alternative name of fleuri-cut.
Travertine flooring and recommended aplications
Travertine is easy on the eye and soft to the touch making it a popular material for use inside and out. It is predominantly used as floor tiles, veneer cladding and paving. The natural cavities usually exclude the stone from use as bench top material although when filled with a durable epoxy or polyester could be used in areas that are predominantly dry.
Travertine is rarely used for monuments although its textural characteristics make it an interesting statuary and landscaping material. The stone is quarried in large block form. Finished unit thickness varies typically from 10 – 30mm with internal tiles typically 10mm, large format tiles and paving 20 – 30mm and external cladding 30mm thick.
Design Considerations
Both cross-cut and vein-cut are popular products and selection is usually based on the desired aesthetic. As there can be a significant difference in the strength between cross-cut and vein-cut travertine it is important to consider the static and live loads that may be imposed on the stone.
By definition, vein-cut exposes the vein and presents the material in its weakest condition although this can be offset to some degree by the use of square units or by ensuring the vein is oriented down the length of rectangular units.
The cavities in cross-cut travertine are oriented parallel to the slab which exposes fewer cavities than vein-cut. The random distribution of cavities means that occasionally cavities will lie just below the surface and can be exposed by being punched through by shoe heels or hard wheels on trolleys. In a commercial environment it should be expected that the occasional punch-through will occur and these can be repaired by use of a matching filler.
Like marble and limestone, travertine is etched by acidic substances such as wine, soft drinks and some liquid soaps. The application of an impregnating sealer will not prevent etching as they do not protect the surface of the stone. If the stone is likely to be exposed to acids the use of a honed or matt surface will make etching less conspicuous.
The physical specification requirement is primarily intended for evaluation of raw (unfilled) travertine although it provides valid criteria for evaluation of the many filled travertine products on the market. It is important to note that the flexural strength requirement in the specification is based on the testing of vein-cut travertine with the loaded applied across the grain which is the weakest orientation.
The ASTM specification is a useful guide for performance of travertine as flooring as the higher the density and lower the water absorption, the less likely the stone is to suffer from punch-throughs. Water absorption and flexural strength are the key performance indicators for this stone and should be evaluated closely throughout the project supply phase to ensure adequate performance in service.
A beginners guide to material selection
We have all been bamboozled by salespeople trying to explain the virtues of the latest product – whether it be a computer or a car.
Choosing stone need not be the same experience. By understanding stone's basic properties you can make an educated decision when you are selecting stone for your next project.
The 'right stone' for your project needs to meet requirements based on appearance and performance. Selecting suitable flooring, for example, is firstly a matter of personal taste. One of the appealing aspects of using stone is how its unique character can be used to display your own distinctive personality.
The range of colours, textures and finishes available in stone now rivals the range available in more 'traditional' floor coverings. Like these coverings, choosing a stone that is durable and resistant to staining and wear is important. The first step is to understand the strengths and challenges of the various types of stone available.
Below is a brief beginner's guide to the seven main stone types commercially available.
Stone Type: Sandstone
Formation and composition: A sedimentary rock composed predominantly of quartz usually cemented together with clay and/or fused with secondary silica which has been chemically deposited. Minor minerals containing iron and manganese (among others) give the stone its unique characteristics. The movement of these soluble minerals throughout the stone can produce banding or develop as a uniform colour.
Surface finishes: The typical gritty nature of sandstone precludes the development of a polished finish, but some dense materials can produce a honed finish. Coarser surface textures include sawn, sandblasted, bush hammer and rock-face.
Appearance: Typically white, gold or brown but also available in shades of red, purple, grey, green and black.
Common usage: Sandstone is commonly used as pedestrian paving, internal and external cladding, statuary and masonry construction.
Reasons for selection: Sandstone is a very versatile material that can easily be cut and transformed into just about any form imaginable. Most surface finishes will comply with the most rigorous slip resistance requirements. As sandstone doesn't absorb heat rapidly, it tends to stay cool under foot and is therefore a good choice for entertaining areas.
Characteristics to consider: Some types of sandstone contain expansive clays which can be a problem when the stone is subjected to repetitive wet-dry cycles. These cycles can make the clay expand and contract leading to decay or bowing of the tiles. Sandstone has a relatively high water absorption (~2 – 8% by weight) which can make the stone sensitive to staining and salt attack. Sandstone generally has a low resistance to wear and tends to produce a gritty residue. This grit can be harmful to softer floor coverings such as marble or carpet.
Performance evaluation criteria: When selecting a particular type of sandstone it is important to ensure that it will perform in the intended location. Basic physical properties such as water absorption and density will assist in evaluation of stain resistance and durability. Compressive strength and modulus of rupture (3-point bending strength) allow evaluation of the stone's performance under load. It is important to evaluate the strength of sandstone in both a wet and dry condition as sandstone can lose more than 50% of its strength when wet. Resistance to salt attack determines the degree and mode of decay when the stone is exposed to salt and frequent wetting and drying cycles. The dimensional stability test determines the linear expansion of the stone following soaking. The installation of unstable stone can lead to accelerated decay as well as 'dishing' or bowing of panels or tiles. Determining abrasion resistance is also of benefit if the stone is to be used as commercial paving.
Stone Type: Granite
Formation and composition: An igneous rock formed at depth. True granites contain quartz, mica and feldspar but in the commercial sense the term covers just about any igneous rock that will take a polish. The colour and texture of granite varies greatly and is dependent on the stone's mineral composition and rate of cooling.
Appearance: The most versatile of materials. Granite can be processed to produce a wide range of finishes from a highly reflective polish to a rough exfoliated (flamed) surface. Other surface finishes include honed, sandblasted, antiqued and water-jet blasted.
Colour range: Granite covers the whole pallet of colours, from jet black to ice white. Other common colours are red, brown, green, grey, yellow-gold, blue. Granite, by definition is 'granular', but the grain size varies widely from less than 1mm to more than 5cm.
Common usage: Paving, internal and external cladding, wall and floor tiles, bench tops and monuments.
Reasons for selection: Granite could be considered the most durable stone type; it is generally strong and hard wearing. Granite has a relatively low water absorption capacity and combined with chemically inert minerals gives the stone good resistance to most stains.
Characteristics to consider: Dark coloured granites usually have a tendency to show oil stains. As dark colours tend to absorb more heat, it is important that expansion joints are properly designed especially where the materials is to be used in an exposed location. Light coloured stones are more likely to show rust stains, whether they are from an external source or from altered minerals within the stone. Poor extraction techniques (e.g. blasting) may introduce stress cracks into the granite which will weaken the stone.
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption and density are good indicators of the freshness and general strength of granite. Determining flexural strength (4-point bending strength) is vital to determine the suitability of a stone for use as large format cladding or paving. Coefficient of thermal expansion provides information on the linear expansion of the stone upon heating which can be used to determine the size and spacing of expansion joints. A thorough petrographic examination can be carried out to determine the 'freshness' of the stone, the presence of micro-cracks, or minerals that may cause staining at a later stage.
Stone Type: Limestone
Formation and composition: A sedimentary rock composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. Most limestone is formed by the deposition and compaction of marine fossil debris (e.g. shells, coral and bones) but freshwater and aeolian (wind blown) deposits are also known and available commercially.
Surface finishes: The density of limestone varies considerably and this affects the surface finishes available for different types of limestone. High density limestone (e.g. Jura from Germany) can be processed to produce a 'satin' honed finish. Coarser and less dense types of limestone are limited to a sawn or coarse-honed finish.
Appearance: Predominantly white, cream or tan sometimes with golden 'highlights' due to the presence of limonite (iron hydroxide). Limestone is also available in blue-grey, grey and black.
Common usage: Paving, internal and external cladding, floor and wall tiles.
Reasons for selection: Limestone is a sensual stone being pleasing to the eye as well as to the touch. It offers a range of subtle pastel and natural colours which blend in with today's minimalist trend while still imbuing warmth. Most limestone is resistant to salt attack making it a good choice for pool surrounds.
Characteristics to consider: Because limestone is composed of calcium carbonate it is sensitive to acid which can dissolve the stone. On 'polished' or fine-honed surfaces this acid attack will leave unsightly etching marks on the surface. Limestone is relatively soft (compared to granite) and this can result in surface wear and loss of polish in high traffic areas – black limestone is particularly sensitive to tracking. Most types of limestone contain linear features (veins) known as stylolites. These features may be lined with clay which can weaken the stone, especially when wet leading to premature failure or surface spalling
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption, density, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, resistance to salt attack (for low density stone), dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, petrographic examination.
Stone Type: Travertine
Formation and composition: A sedimentary rock formed by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from mineral springs. The calcium carbonate is often deposited onto vegetation such as moss or algae which plays a part in developing the typical porous nature of the stone.
Surface finishes: Commercial travertine usually has a relatively high density; therefore it usually processed to produce a 'satin' honed finish. The material can be used with the pores unfilled or filled with a stable cementitious or polymer filler. Travertine can also be processed with textured finishes such as sandblasted or bush hammered finish.
Appearance: Predominantly white, cream or tan sometimes with subtle golden or blue-grey tones. The appearance of travertine can vary dramatically depending on how it is cut. Cutting travertine across the 'grain' highlights the tonal variations in the deposition layers and exposes the large, normally elongated pores. Material slabbed in this fashion is called vein-cut. If the travertine is cut parallel, or along the grain, the variations in the layers are presented as a flowery, blotchy or circular pattern – this slabbing orientation is called cross-cut or fleuri cut.
Common usage: Internal and external cladding, floor and wall tiles.
Reasons for selection: The unique patterning and texture of travertine has been admired for thousands of years. Travertine is generally a dense and durable material that is soft to the touch and stays cool under foot which makes it a good choice for barefoot areas such as bathrooms or pool surrounds.
Characteristics to consider: If used unfilled, the characteristic porous nature of travertine can lead to entrapment of dirt and grime. Although travertine is a relatively strong material, the elongated pores within vein-cut travertine can cause a considerable reduction in flexural strength compared to cross-cut material. Like limestone, travertine is composed of calcium carbonate and is therefore sensitive to acid attack.
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption, density, flexural strength and abrasion resistance.
Stone Type: Marble
Formation and composition: A metamorphic rock composed predominantly of calcite formed from limestone after the application of heat and/or pressure. Commercially, the term is also used for types of high density limestone that will take a polish.
Surface finishes: The high density and low porosity of marble allows it to be processed to a high polish. Other surface finishes available are honed, sawn and sandblasted.
Appearance: Typically white, often with some minor veining but also available in colours such as black, blue-grey, red and pink. Marble is generally very fine grained although some types with large grains (+5cm) are available.
Common usage: Paving, internal and external cladding, bench and vanity tops, floor and wall tiles.
Reasons for selection: Its translucent nature and pearly lustre is unique and no other material suggests elegance like marble. The range of materials available allows selection of uniform colours, subtle veining or a dramatic mosaic effect.
Characteristics to consider: Most types of marble are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate and are therefore sensitive to acid attack. Marble is also relatively soft making it sensitive to scratching and surface wear. The use of textured finishes in high traffic areas is likely to polish leading to a reduction in slip resistance. Some types of marble have been known warp when used externally as large format panels.
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, dimensional stability, petrographic examination.
Stone Type: Slate
Formation and composition: A fine grained metamorphic rock that has developed a foliation (sheet like layers) due to the pressure imposed upon it. Slate is mainly composed of quartz and muscovite with lesser amounts of chlorite, hematite and pyrite. Other trace minerals that have an effect on the stone's colour may be present.
Surface finishes: The natural foliation of the slate is used to produce a rough split-face finish. Some slates can also be produced with a honed, sawn or bush hammered finish.
Appearance: Typically various shades of grey although black, green, red and purple materials are also commercially available.
Common usage: Wall, floor and roof tiles, internal and external paving. Massive slates can be processed to produce bench or billiard table tops.
Reasons for selection: The natural split-face finish of slate makes it a relatively simple material to process that is highly slip resistant. Its low porosity and chemically inert composition make it stain resistant and is a popular and durable choice for indoor and outdoor paving.
Characteristics to consider: Some slate contains pyrite which may decay to iron oxide and leave rust stains. Poor quality slates may delaminate (split) or soften with age leading to failure. Many types of slate are not calibrated (processed to an exact thickness) which requires additional work when laying to produce a level surface.
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption, density, modulus of rupture, resistance to acid attack.
Stone Type: Bluestone
Formation and composition: Bluestone is a loose term covering a range of stone types that are not easily dressed such as sandstone (classed as a 'freestone'). In Victoria, basalt is known as bluestone while in South Australia the term refers to a range of metamorphic rocks including schists and siltstone. Porphyry quarried in Queensland could also be classed as bluestone.
Surface finishes: Most types of bluestone are marketed with 'natural' split or rock face finishes. Victorian bluestone (basalt) is usually used with a sawn finish. Some bluestone products are also available with honed and sandblasted finishes.
Appearance: Victorian bluestone is black to dark grey-blue while South Australian bluestone is predominantly grey-blue with 'autumn' colour highlights. Porphyry is available in grey-blue tones as well as golden autumn colours. Victorian bluestone is characterised by large pores called vesicles but commonly known as 'cats paws'.
Common usage: Bluestone is processed as cubic material for masonry construction and also as setts or flags for pedestrian and vehicular paving. Victorian bluestone can be sawn into calibrated slabs and tiles for use as paving and cladding.
Reasons for selection: Bluestone is a group of stone materials that is generally considered to be strong, dense, durable and stain resistant. In Victoria and South Australia, bluestone is seen as an integral part of the local history and the earthy colour range is effectively used to blend the contemporary and natural environments.
Characteristics to consider: Most types of bluestone are not calibrated during processing therefore significant thickness variations needs to be taken into account during installation.
Performance evaluation criteria: Water absorption, density, modulus of rupture, secondary mineral content.
August 5, 2016
The natural shades of travertine ranges from soft ivory and pale creamy white to rich golden shades of walnut and honey, silvery greens, rustic reds, and deep mocha coffee shades. Since travertine is a natural stone and the colors depend on local mineral and organic materials, the tiles are never a single solid color, although some travertine varieties are more consistent in color. Colors in each tile will vary with mottling and veins or bands of contrasting color throughout the stone. Each stone has unique character and style, although stones quarried from the same area will have enough overall similarity to create a beautiful floor.
Travertine Colors
- Walnut – a variety of mid range browns from dark tan to milk chocolate
- Noce – shades of walnut that range from medium gold to dark coffee
- Chocolate – deep, rich dark brown
- Silver – light ivory tiles with a hint of gray that creates a silvered appearance.
- Philadelphia – earthy, medium range tan colors with a high degree of natural striation
- Gold – rich shades of golden honey
- Light – pale cream or ivory
- Navona – very light beige (almost white) with a rustic, antique appearance
- Emerald – pale shades with a greenish tinge
- Emerald Light – Pale green veins on white background
- Onyx Light – Honey yellow onyx veins on white background
- Mina Rustic – Blend of beige and walnut and has some yellow and black veins. Has more variation comparing the other colors
- Mina Dark- One tone darker than Beige, it can be described as "Light Walnut"
- Scabos – a highly variegated degree of colors ranging from light honey to dark rust
- Durango – cloudy ivory and light khaki tile speckled with tiny black dendrites
- Red – travertine that contains a high rust content can range from a pale rust to a vibrant scarlet
- Rosa – a deep rose pink mottled with cream
- Gray – a heavily striated dark gray travertine
- Classico – a uniform color and patterning that resembles natural cork
- Beige – ranging in color from lightest ivory to pale fawn
Travertine Finishes
- Polished – The travertine is smoothed and polished to a shiny, reflective surface similar to marble. This finish is most common in commercial applications.
- Honed – A honed finish is flat and satiny smooth with a low-shine matte finish. Honed travertine is the most popular choice for home use.
- Brushed – Brushed travertine has slightly rough texture and a matte finish. More antique and is less slippery compared to honed or polished finish
- Saw Cut – A flat, very matte finish with no honing or polish. No further finishing after being cut with the wet saw.
- Tumbled – Tumbled travertine is the most natural finish, resulting in a highly textured finish with no shine and edges that are rounded with a worn appearance that resembles ancient stone. Tumbled travertine is most often found in outdoor installations.
Travertine Filling
- Unfilled – Travertine in its naturally porous state with naturally occurring holes.
- Filled – Most commonly, the porous holes in travertine are filled with a mixture of a hardener like cement and dust byproducts from the cutting and honing process for a perfect color match.
Travertine Tile Thickness
Standard travertine tile thicknesses are 3/8″, 1/2″, 5/8″ for tiles and 1 1/4″ for pavers the recommended thickness varies depending on the type of travertine and the intended purpose.
Custom thickness can be cut to exact measurements, bearing in mind that the thinner travertine is cut, the more its tensile strength diminishes.
Travertine Tile Sizes
Travertine comes in many different sizes ranging from small pieces suitable for mosaic tiles to large-scale tiles suitable for installation in commercial building lobbies. Since travertine is a natural stone and color depends on the influences of local nature and minerals, not every color will be available in every size. It is more difficult to mine large, consistent pieces from some areas.
Some of the more common sizes are:
Antique Pattern
French/Villa Pattern
Small Pattern
Patterns are mixes of different sized tiles designed to be used together.
Antique Pattern:
Also known as Meandros pattern, sets include tiles in the following proportions:
1 pcs 16″x24″, 2 pcs 16″x16″, 1 pcs 8″x16″, 2 pcs 8″x8″.
French or Villa or Versailles Pattern:
Villa Pattern sets include tiles in the following proportions:
2 pcs 16″x24″, 6 pcs 16″x16″, 4 pcs 8″x16″, 4 pcs 8″x8″.
Small Pattern:
Small Pattern sets include tiles in the following proportions:
1 pc 12"x18", 2 pcs 12"x12", 1 pc 6"x12", 2 pcs 6"x6"
Edge Detail
- Chiseled Edge – Natural stone with rustic chiseling around the edges. Travertine can be hand or machine chiseled. Machine chiseling is most common because it is less expensive and very consistent. Hand chiseled cuts are more random in size and placement.
- Tumbled Edge – Tumbling travertine produces a rough, textured finish with rounded corners for a naturally aged appearance.
- Straight Edge – Sharp 90° corners and edges.
- Chamfered, eased edge, or beveled – A 90° edge that has been eased by angling tiny portion of the edge to make two 45° angles that fit together.
- Pillowed Edge – Pillowed edge refers to a rounded bullnose edge all around the tile.
August 3, 2016
Travertine and ALL natural stone, should I seal it? – "How to series"
One of the most common questions regarding the sealing of tile, grout and natural stone is, "Do we need to seal?" The answer is that all stone and tile products –even porcelain tile –benefits from sealing. There is a broad range of elements that can penetrate or hold to the surface, including grout, dyes, polyester resins, epoxy resins, oil, water, etc.
Many products on the market have been designed to beautify and "protect" the surfaces of stone, tile and grout, including sealers, finishes, color enhancers and waxes. As the name implies, sealers actually seal the surface tight against chemicals, water and other contaminants. Normally, a finish is placed on top of a sealer. Sealers typically are not vapor permeable and can be semi-permanent and hard to repair.
Sealers can be water-based or solvent-based. Most water-based sealers cannot be used outside.
Finishes are coatings that incorporate acrylic polymers, synthetic polymerized waxes and natural waxes. These products form a hard, transparent film. They are typically applied to a surface after it has been sealed. The solids content normally dictates cost. Finishes range from 8 to 38% solids content. The higher the solids, the more difficult to use, and the more expensive it is.
Most finishes in high-traffic areas require daily maintenance of cleaning, mopping and restoring with a high-speed buffing. Typically, finishes have a limited life span of a few weeks to one year before complete stripping and re-coating is required. Stripping of sealers and finishes can do much of the damage associated with top coating natural stone.
Finishes are normally used inside away from sun, wind and rain. Typically, finishes are hard to repair and must be stripped or re-coated. They also lack vapor permeability.
Waxes are normally comprised of naturally occurring elements such as carnuba, montan, ozokorite and beeswax. These elements are heated and emulsified to desired solids content ranging from 8 to 40%. Waxes are soft materials and require buffing to obtain gloss. Waxes have low durability and may require multiple applications. Most waxes are vapor permeable and can be easily applied and repaired when scratched or damaged.
Color enhancers
These products are topical coatings in the truest sense of the word. Typically, these products are acrylics and modified acrylics with lower solids and lower viscosity. They tend to penetrate more deeply than a traditional topical coating. Color enhancers can also be more durable, allow vapor transmission and many can be used outside in the elements. As with most products, color enhancers are available in both solvent-based and water-based formulas.
Stripping coatings
In most instances, solvent-based coatings are not compatible with water-based coatings. In addition,
it typically takes a solvent-based stripper to remove a solvent-based coating and a water-based stripper to remove a water-based coating. It is important to keep similar chemicals applied to the same surface. Should a mix occur, an adhesion challenge may take place and although it may look and feel correct, the end result will cause the coatings to separate.
Impregnators/penetrating sealers
These products are surface treatments that will not change the natural look of the substrate. Impregnators will not show scratching or scuffing and do not require constant attention to maintain the quality of finish. Re-application of an impregnator can range from six months to 20 years, depending on the manufacturer, substrate and surface location.
Impregnators are typically low molecular weight polymers formulated to penetrate below the surface. To accomplish this feat, monomers are simply hydrolyzed in the presence of solvent or water. The low viscosity allows complete wetting of the particles or fibers within the given substrate. When the carrier of solvent or water evaporates, the impregnator reacts to leave a long-lasting, invisible barrier of protection from the elements.
There are three basic ways the impregnator works. With water-based impregnators, the water evaporates and leaves behind a film. This film changes the angle of contact between liquid and the solid surface that has been treated. The greater the angle of contact between the liquid and the solid, the more difficult it is to penetrate the solid.
The impregnator film also reduces surface tension, making it more difficult for most liquids to penetrate the solid surface. This change in surface tension also creates the "beading" action that customers are so fond of.
With solvent-based impregnators, there is an added benefit of a cross-link phenomenon that creates a "barrier." This added barrier virtually eliminates any penetration of liquids.
For these three reasons, products that best protect stone and tile against water and oil stains contain complex and unique polymers and co-polymers.
Solvent-based impregnators vs. water-based impregnators
The only way to protect the substrate is to penetrate it with something that will carry the protection into it. The protection can come from silicones, silanes, siloxanes and various polymers and co-polymers. Nevertheless, it has to be carried into the substrate, and it will typically use one of two carriers: solvent or water.
Typically, solvents will allow varied and deeper penetration into the substrate than water. The curing process, which is a result of evaporation, can be adjusted by using different solvents. Solvent-based impregnators can be cross-linked, allow a wider temperature window for application, have better durability, and are typically unaffected by exposure to cold during application, storage and shipment.
Water is hydroscopic and will hold out on the surface. The protection cannot penetrate any deeper than the water will. The protection can only be in place when the water evaporates. For many dense surfaces, like porcelain tile and polished granite, water will not penetrate very deeply (if at all) and the protection is left at the surface with poorer durability over the long term. Any polymer can be emulsified, but unlike solvent-based products, water-based products cannot be cross-linked to give best performance.
Water-based products are typically lower in toxicity and have little or no smell as compared to similar solvent-based products. Contrary to some beliefs, water-based products are no easier to use or apply than comparable solvent-based products. In some instances, they can present difficult challenges when removal is necessary.
Different protection sources
The most common protection sources of an impregnator come from the silicone family and the fluropolymer family. Silicones are any group of semi-organic polymers containing chains of alternate silicon and oxygen atoms, characterized by wide-range thermal stability and used in adhesives, lubricants, protective coatings and synthetic rubber. Silicones can actually last longer that the substrate they have been applied to. Unaffected by outside elements, they can only be damaged by temperatures of +900 to +1,200 degrees F or by exposing them to a very strong caustic solution.
Co-polymers and fluropolymers are relatively new to the tile and stone industry. Usually, these products consist of long-chained molecules that contain fluorine and carbon. Because fluorine is electronegative, it is not found occurring naturally in the earth. Rather, it is always combined with something else. By extracting fluorine and then combining it with carbon, one can achieve many desired properties when such a material is applied to a substrate. These raw materials have been utilized in the fabric and textile industry for many years.
As a rule, silicone-type products repel water very well and are weaker at oil repellency, and fluropolymer-type products are weak at repelling water but good for repelling oil. It is difficult to achieve both, and most products on the market sacrifice in one area or the other. Research will find that just a few products that actually work well at repelling both elements over the long term.
Do not be misled by the unit cost of the product you are considering. There is a wide range of prices on the products available. We suggest using the cost-per-square-meter to determine which product is more expensive. Expect to pay between $60 per litre and covers 10m2 per litre, and another product costs $90 but covers 10m2 per litr. (depends solely on which suburb you shop in)
To ensure that a product will perform as promised, request independent backup for all claims made by any company. It is very simple for manufacturers to supply their products to independent labs for testing. If the results favor the specific needs of an application, then test the products yourself.
Which surfaces benefit?
Surfaces that will benefit include: grout, quarry tile, ceramic tile, some glazed tile, some porcelain tile, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, slate, brick, terrazzo, quartz, sandstone, flagstone, concrete, masonry, saltillo, terra-cotta, cantera and all types of natural and cast tile and stone products.
An impregnator will resist water, oils, grease, mold, mildew, algae, efflorescence, graffiti, grout dyes, epoxy grout film, cement grout film, mortar haze, acid rain, atmospheric dirt, lime deposits, soap scum and other penetrating items. In addition, many impregnators make the surface less slippery, harder, and allow 100% vapor transmission.
It is also important to note that while kitchens and restrooms represent approximately 10% of a facility, they are used by 100% of the occupants and visitors and cause more than 80% of the facility complaints. This is an important factor when considering that these areas typically utilize stone and tile.
Uses for impregnators include but are not limited to: grout release, kitchen floors and counters, showers, baths, driveways, pool areas, garages, restaurants, cafeterias, grocery and meat markets, loading dock areas, exterior walkways (to minimize damage associated with freeze/thaw) and buildings exteriors (to resist weather and acid rain). In addition to residential applications, sealers have been successfully used at hospitals, schools, government facilities, airports, train and bus stations, hotels, quarries, industrial plants, laboratories, service stations, bridge abutments, historical sites and shopping malls.
August 2, 2016
Installation of travertine tiles and pavers – "How to Series"
The following procedure is for the installation of Natural Stone Travertine Tile for Flooring. It may be used over any wood or cement floor that is structurally sound and dry. In new home constructions where plywood is used as a sub floor, it is suggested that an underlayment or backer board needs to be attached to the sub floor to insure rigidity where travertine floors will be installed.
Step 1
Clean area where travertine is to be installed. In the case of smooth painted or varnished floors, it is necessary to sand with a very coarse sand paper to assure a good mastic bond.
Step 2
Lay out the travertine to understand pattern choices. For multi-color travertine, blend tile randomly to give proper blend of colors as color vary from tile to tile.
Step 3
Using a notched 10mm notch trowel, hold at a 45° angle to be sure a full ridge is made with the notches. Spread thinset on the floor starting at a far corner so you can back out of the room as your proceed. Spread just enough area so you can reach over it to place the travertine.Spread a good amount of thinset on the floor. Adding or taking away thinset will ensure that all the tiles are evenly set
Step 4
Maintain a grout space between the pieces as recommended by the travertine supplier (3-5mm) depending on the size of the tiles. To do these accurately, use spacers. Travertine may also be laid without joints, in which case edges are then butted against one another, only if the material is honed or polished, however we recommend 2-3mm joint.
Step 5
Each piece of travertine should be firmly pressed into the adhesive to secure a good bond, back buttering of the tile is also recommended.
Step 6
After all travertine is set in place – allow at least 24-36 hours depending on weather conditions, for drying before grouting joints.
Step 7
Travertine tile can be easily cut with a wet saw using a diamond blade.
Grouting and Cleaning
1.Have all equipment and material clean. Clean all joints and surface of the travertine. Applying clear sealer or enhancer is recommended on travertine before grouting, so that the grout color does not penetrate the travertine tiles. Use clear sealer or enhancer as a grout release to insure a clean surface.
Using a Clear Sealer or Enhancer is a personal choice.
2. Add water slowly while mixing to get the texture of damp sand mix grout according to the manufacturer specs, and apply with a grout float to press grout deeply between the joints. Mix only enough grout to be used in about 30 minutes or difficulty will result in hardening in the pail.
3.Apply mix to joints with a grout float making certain that the joint is completely filled with mix.
4.Trowel or wipe off surplus grout from travertine with a damp sponge. Rinse several times with clean water, changing the water as often as necessary so it remains clear. It is very important to do this as you go along.
5.After grout has set hard to the touch, clean surface of travertine and along grout line by rubbing briskly with a clean piece of cloth.
6. Let joints harden for three days.
7.Wash floor completely again by freely applying fresh clean water with sponge on the entire flooring and sponging dry.
Applying clear sealer or enhancer is recommended after installation to seal the travertine tiles and the grout lines using the same sealer used as a grout release prior to grouting, wipe off all excess sealer so there is no fogging.
Using the same sealer used as grout release prior to grouting, to seal the floor, apply the 2nd coat on the tiles and grout, wipe of all excess sealer so there is no fogging.
Sealing travertine is necessary, it is a matter of choice – whether you choose to retain the natural beauty of the travertine or apply a chemical sealer that is available in a shiny or matte finish. Sealers may be purchased at retail stone dealers.
HELPFUL HINTS: Do not apply a sealer over wet, waxed or oiled travertine.
1.Apply sealer with a large clean cloth or with a paint pad. Apply in a thin coat. Sealer or enhancer will dry to the touch within two hours, however, it is advisable to stay off the floor for 24 hours.


text:
The Dept. of Health and Human Services has quietly canceled a contract to a Chicago-based advocacy group that planned to promote ObamaCare benefits to recently paroled prisoners, after GOP Sen. Jeff Sessions wrote a letter to the agency in July questioning how the contract was funded.
The HHS awarded the no-bid contract to Treatment Alternatives for Safe Communities in July in order to "increase insurance enrollment for… individuals involved in the criminal justice system," but then quietly updated the solicitation's status to "canceled" on its website, saying it would be re-issued.
In his letter, Sessions, the ranking member of the Senate Budget Committee, questioned why the advocacy group was awarded a special contract to promote the health care law to recently released convicts when the government has already spent over $200 million on the Navigators program, which is supposed to help educate all Americans about the law and its benefits and help them sign up.
He asked if the contract was being funded separately from the Navigators program and if so, where the funds were coming from.
Sessions also questioned why the contract was awarded to the group without on a no-bid basis, without offering the chance for other groups to offer the same services for less money.
Senate Budget Committee Press Secretary Andrew Logan tells FoxNews.com the HHS had promised for weeks to send a formal response to Sessions' letter, but has not yet done so. Logan says they found out the contract had been canceled by monitoring the solicitations page on the website for Federal Business Opportunities, which is a database of federal government contracting jobs.
Sessions said he is glad HHS has canceled the "unjustifiable" contract, saying it "never should have been awarded."
"It defies common sense that the administration would create a special prisoner program in light of the millions spent already on the much-criticized Navigators program, which is said to serve all Americans. Who knows how many similar efforts are being undertaken that the public never finds out about?"
Sessions added that such examples prove the issues with ObamaCare go well beyond its glitch-plagued website.
"Problems like these are pervasive throughout the law and are just one reason why Congress should develop reforms that will actually reduce costs and protect patients and the taxpayers," he said.
The ObamaCare Medicaid expansion provides that individuals under 138 percent of the poverty line will now be eligible for health coverage. Many recently released prisoners will be eligible for these benefits under the health care law based on income alone.
Additionally, under the law Medicaid now covers a set of treatments for mental illness and substance abuse, issues that are prevalent in prison populations.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Re: Mainwaring
In reply to:
Re: Mainwaring
Margaret Morse 3/14/02
Hi Margaret,
Charles was born in Bostock Chesire 4 Feb 1782
Frederick was born in Salford, Manchester
and Alfred Arthur I was born in Aberystwyth Wales
Harriet, Henry, Hannah (they are Frederick's siblings) I do not know.
My line is
George to Charles to Frederick to Alfred I to Victor I to Alfred II then me.
I don't know where George was born either.....Alfred I came to USA in 1882Alfred Arthur I his siblings are:
George Frederick 8 Jan 1855
Mary Alice 31 March 1856
Mathew Henry 22 May 1858
Elizabeth Ann 19 Dec 1862
Mary Ann 3 Jan 1867
do any of those names ring a bell?Talk with you soon. Erin
More Replies:
Re: Mainwaring
Kent Mainwaring 8/18/02
Re: Mainwaring
Erin Mainwaring 8/20/02
- Re: Mainwaring
Re: Mainwaring
Margaret Morse 3/15/02
Re: Mainwaring
Erin Mainwaring 3/16/02
Re: Mainwaring
Bonnie Jacobsen 9/29/06
- Re: Mainwaring
- Re: Mainwaring


text:
Presented by Martha Krumbach.
I want to know everything about dementia, where do I start? I want to know how to set up a MUR service, what research about it is there? This session will help you formulate your question and develop a strategy of how to find information.
Access to this content is just one benefit of being a member of the Londep.
Join today Login


text:
Just another typical gamer that loves all types of games. I am an avid supporter of the mod scene and hope it never dies :) Steam ID: http:// steamcommunity.com/id/dolbydigital
We try out the newly updated Orion and Ragnarok Arena
gaming events for june 19th and 20th
Join us this weekend for some GoldenEye: Source and SourceForts action.
gaming events for june 5th and 6th
We are playing Frontlines R3LO4D and Forgotten Hope 2 this weekend.
gaming event for may 22nd and 23rd
This weekend we are playing NeoTokyo and Age of Chivalry
gaming events for may 15th and 16th
This weekend we will be playing Alien Arena and Hidden Source.
gaming events for may 8th and 9th
This weekend we will check out the newly updated Battle Grounds 2 and the Angels Fall First: Planetstorm UDK demo.
gaming events for may 1st and 2nd
This weekend we will be playing Project Reality and Coda.
gaming events for april 17th and 18th
This weekend we will be playing First Strike and Fistful of Frags.
gaming events for april 3rd and 4th
This weekend we will check out Dystopia and Blitzkrieg.
gaming events for march 27th and 28th
This weekend we will try Kingdoms Collide and Modular Combat.
gaming events for march 20th and 21st
This weekend we will be playing Frontlines and Fortress Forever.
gaming events for march 13th and 14th
This week we explore GraviNULL, Smod Troopers, and Ricochet: Source.
gaming events for march 3rd, 6th and 7th
This week we will congratulate The Haunted for its recent 'MSUC' win and revisit some classics with Empires and Eternal Silence.
gaming events for feburary 24th, 27th and 28th
We focus on the newly released Kingdoms Collide and recently updated GoldenEye: Source for this weekend.
gaming events for feburary 20th and 21st
We get medieval with Age of Chivalry and Pirates, Vikings, Knights II this week along with some SourceForts thrown in for good measure.
gaming events for feburary 10th, 13th and 14th
This week we play Lemmingball Z, Situation Outbreak, and Angels Fall First: Planetstorm.
gaming events for feburary 3rd, 6th and 7th
The events are spread across Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday in hopes of allowing everyone to stop in for a game or two.
gaming events for jan 27th, 30th and 31st
The 2 mods for this weekend are Pirates, Vikings, Knights II and Jailbreak: Source
gaming events for jan 23rd and 24th
We focus on just 2 mods this weekend: The Haunted and GoldenEye: Source
gaming events for jan 16th and 17th
Start off the new year with the first Social Modding Club events of 2010
gaming events this weekend
In the spirit of getting together and sharing, I present the first events for the Social Modding Club...
first events & happy holidays
I noticed that there were not any groups for Desura based around getting gamers together to play some of the best mods both new and old.
join a social modding club
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Originally posted by greyer
reply to post by EnochWasRight
I listen to the formation of words and language before Jesus also, and heaven means the sky. So if you look into the sky towards the center, which is the middle of the galaxy. There must be something to do with God that is in the center of the galaxy because it is the thing that is making these billions of stars spin around at such a fast rate of speed, not to forget that creation is on the planets with life forms who are able to debate about what a miracle worker said for thousands of years Without taking a look at any past history besides that amazing miracle worker setting foot on the groud. Why don't we think about the real things that we can see? Or do you think the center of the galaxy is just a dream and God's creation isn't what we see?
We are talking about a place, and you are talking about how to get there. I am asking, where is the place?
Though scientists have suspected for a while that a giant black hole lurks at the center of our galaxy, they still can't say for sure it's the explanation for the strange behavior observed there.


text:
A rose by another name may smell as sweet, but what about a rose made out of the dismembered reproductive organs of a clam? That, in a way, is the ontological riddle posed by the bizarre sculptures created by German
artist Heide Hatry, who re-creates flowers out of the refurbished parts of dead animals. Hatry calls her series "Not a Rose," and it goes on display this week at Stux Gallery in New York. In addition to flowers made from shellfish, she's sculpted a rose-like design using pigs' ears and a pink tropical bloom out of the vocal cords of a hen. Hatry says her work is intended as a commentary on the ethics of meat consumption, but it's arresting for other reasons as well: Out of context, even the most squeam-inducing animal parts have the same kind of lush, curving beauty as a petal.
Avoid the Boston almshouse!
ublic housing has always been a politically charged issue. That's true in Boston today and, according to a pair of historians, it was true in late-18th century Boston as well, where residents of the burgeoning city had to figure out what to do with a rapidly expanding population of poor people.
One of their chief tools was the almshouse. In a new paper published in the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Ruth Wallis Herndon and Amilcar Challú of Bowling Green University explain that from 1795 to 1801, nearly 5 percent of Boston's population took shelter for at least a short time in the Boston Almshouse, which was located directly adjacent to the Common. Many almshouse residents came from the densely populated North End; others were immigrants who'd lived in the commercial and shipping neighborhoods in the center of the city.
The almshouse was part public charity and part ghetto. Boston maintained a 12-member board of overseers of the poor that was responsible for consigning the city's most indigent residents to the almshouse (though many other poor residents took refuge there voluntarily, especially during the winter). However, when city magistrates encountered people "whose characters are suspicious, whose morals are bad, who have no settled reputable means for a livelihood," they skipped the almshouse and instead relocated these unwanted citizens back to their hometowns using a legal mechanism known as "warning out."
Being forced from the city may have actually been preferable to living in the almshouse, which had a 20 percent mortality rate, most likely from infectious diseases. In 1801 the Boston elite decided that the almshouse had become a blight, and moved it from the Common to the distant West End, which was still mostly rural at the time. The new almshouse had twice the capacity of the old one—but more important, it helped to sanitize the core of the prospering city.Kevin Hartnett is a writer who lives in Ann Arbor, Mich. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Ikandu's cutting edge design, innovation and attention to detail keeps them up to date with the latest in international designs.
Established by Jacques Lategan and his wife Pinnie, Ikandu offers a level of customer care that is only found within
a family owned and operated business.
From a contemporary to a minimalist or even a classic kitchen, Ikandu's high quality products are sophisticated in design and tailored to meet your stylish kitchen needs.
Cutting edge kitchen designs are created using 3D software, and are made reality by quality craftsmanship.


text:
No products
Clark Terry, Fip Ricard (tp), Quentin Jackson, Julian Priester (tb), Eddie Chamblee (ts), Charles Davis (bs), James Craig, Jack Wilson (p), Robare Edmondson, Robert Lee Wilson (b), James Slaughter (d), Robare Edmondson, Ernie Wilkins (arr)
Reference: FSRCD 577
Includes extensive booklet with recording details, extensive notes and rare photos.
Dinah Washingtons bluesy style was quite different from the legendary Bessie Smith, the Empress of the Blues by virtue of her forceful vocal delivery and command of the genre.
Dinahs way had constant, direct reference to gospel singing. Bessies, of course, did not. However Dinah sings excellently, with respect and understanding, and with that wondrous electric vitality that established her as a peerless blues singer, known as the Queen of Blues. This fine set also includes three more tracks recorded during Bessies last album session, and Dinahs wailing performances on the final night of the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival, with the singer paying deep tribute to Bessie Smith in the most moving fashion.
01. Trombone Butter (3:35)
02. Send Me to the Lectric Chair (3:14)
03. Careless Love (3:35)
04. Me and My Gin (3:09)
05. Jailhouse Blues (3:10)
06. Youve Been a Good Old Wagon (4:03)
07. After Youve Gone (3:35)
08. Back Water Blues (4:55)
09. If I Could Be with You One Hour Tonight (2:48)
10. Fine Fat Daddy (3:03)
11. Love Is Here to Stay (3:12) (*) Bonus Track
12. Show Time (2:55) (*) Bonus Track
13. Trouble in Mind (2:23) (*) Bonus Track
14. Lover Come Back to Me (2:36) (*) Live Bonus Track
15. Crazy Love (3:24) (*) Live Bonus Track
16. Send Me to the Lectric Chair (3:51) (*) Live Bonus Track
17. Me and My Gin (3:18) (*) Live Bonus Track
18. Back Water Blues (4:31) (*) Live Bonus Track
19. All of Me (5:31) (*) Live Bonus Track
Total time: 68:00 min.
Tracks #1-10 from the EmArcy album
"Dinah Sings Bessie Smith" (MG-36130).
Track #11 not issued on LP.
Tracks #12 & 13 from the Mercury album
"The Queen!" (MG-20439).
Tracks #14-19 from the EmArcy album
"Newport '58" (MG-36141).
The Mercury album "The Queen!" included ten more tracks, seven of them released on the CD "Dinah Washington Sings Fats Waller" (FSRCD-576), and three more recorded during a previous session that had taken place on December 1955.
The Mercury album "Newport '58" also includes two instrumental tracks by the Terry Gibbs Sextet which are not included on this compilation.
Dinah Washington (vcl) with Eddie Chamblee Orchestra
Tracks #1-3: Clark Terry, Fip Ricard (tp), Quentin Jackson (tb), Eddie Chamblee (ts), McKinley Easton (bs), James Craig (p), Robare Edmondson (b, arr) and James Slaughter (d).
Recorded in Chicago, December 30, 1957.
Tracks #4-7: Fip Ricard (tp), Julian Priester (tb), Eddie Chamblee (ts), Charles Davis (bs), Jack Wilson (p), Robert Lee Wilson (b) and James Slaughter (d), Robare Edmondson (arrangements), Ernie Wilkins on #7.
Recorded in Chicago, January 7, 1958.
Tracks #8-10: Fip Ricard (tp), Julian Priester (tb), Eddie Chamblee (ts), Charles Davis (bs), Jack Wilson (p), Robert Lee Wilson (b) and James Slaughter (d). Ernie Wilkins (arrangements).
Recorded in Chicago, January 20, 1958.
Tracks #11-13: Same personnel, location and date as #8-10. Eddie Chamblee, vcl added on #11.
Musical Recording director: Hal Money
Original recordings produced by Bob Shad.
Dinah Washington at the Newport Jazz Festival 1958
Tracks #14-18: Blue Mitchell (tp), Melba Liston (tb, arr), Harold Ousley (ts), Sahib Shihab (bs), Wynton Kelly (p), Paul West (b) and Max Roach (d).
Track #19: Don Elliott (mellophone), Urbie Green (tb), Terry Gibbs (vib), Wynton Kelly (p), Paul West (b) and Max Roach (d).
Recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival, R.I., July 6, 1958.
Produced for CD release by Jordi Pujol and "Beethoven" (jean-Michel Reisser).
-Sings Bessie Smith
"Gifted with a strong, beautiful voice and very precise phrasing, Dinah Washington translated Bessie Smith's irrepressible spirit and flair even better than Billie Holiday, Smith's most famous devotee. For her tribute album, Washington avoided Smith's best-known songs ("'Tain't Nobody's Bizness If I Do," "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out," "Baby Won't You Please Come Home"). Instead, she wisely concentrated on the more defiant standards from "The Empress of the Blues," including "Send Me to the 'Lectric Chair," "Jailhouse Blues," and "You've Been a Good Ole Wagon." Washington sounds simply glorious, focused on alternating Smith's phrasing to emphasize her own gospel roots. The accompaniment, by Eddie Chamblee and His Orchestra, emphasizes the vaudeville and Dixieland sound of early-century blues, heavy on the slide trombone, growling trumpet, and skeletal, rickety percussion. Reissued several times (occasionally under the title The Bessie Smith Songbook), Dinah Washington Sings Bessie Smith charts a perfect balance between tribute and genuine artistic statement."
John Bush -All Music Guide
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Transmit Start-Ups provides finance, business support and mentoring for new businesses throughout the UK. We help hundreds of businesses every year, with the sole purpose of ensuring their long term success.
Transmit Start-Ups is an official delivery partner of the Start-Up Loans Company. Our start-up loans are designed to help you get your businesses up and running and are available to people living in England or Scotland.


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I've been slacking on the updates. As if that wasn't painfully obvious. The thing is, I've been working on some really cool stuff.
At work, I've been in charge of a complete redesign of one of our more important brands. The goal is to make this site less a brochure of offerings and more of a place of engagement.
The other thing I've been doing is laying the groundwork for the future of Short Story Thursdays. Hopefully soon, I'll be able to share the exciting things that relate to this but until then, I've signed my own NDA.
These two major projects have caused me to be spend extensive amounts of time researching and reading. Drawing and jotting down visions of a final product. That means less writing time.
But I'm not in the dark, shackled to my desk. That's why I'm employing a tool called IFTTT (If This Then That) to help me share the smaller bits of content I create throughout my day. I've started with photos and videos from Instagram, but soon will rig my Twitter to this as well.
That's about it. I hope these more frequent, albeit shorter, updates will help keep this blog full of interesting things about me and my life.


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Jessica Chastain pulled off an unusual feat this weekend, as her brand new horror film "Mama" took the top spot at the box office just one week after her previous film, "Zero Dark Thirty," also topped the box office charts.
"Mama," which features Chastain and "Game of Thrones" star Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as a couple who take in some feral children and their evil, invisible guardian, brought in an surprisingly strong $28.1 million. That was more than enough to beat out "Zero Dark Thirty," which still earned an impressive $17.6 million for a second place finish.
Considering Chastain also just won a Golden Globe last weekend for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama (for "Zero Dark Thirty," not "Mama," we should add), it's safe to say that the Oscar favorite has officially joined the A-list.
Arnold Schwarzenegger, on the other hand, who was once as A-list as they come, fell flat on his muscled face this weekend, as his comeback vehicle, "The Last Stand," bombed out with a paltry $6.3 million over its debut weekend. That put the film well behind fellow newcomer "Broken City," which also disappointed with only $9 million despite the presence of both Mark Wahlberg and noted singer Russell Crowe, and "Silver Linings Playbook," which rose from tenth to third thanks to wider release and a Golden Globes bump.
Our suggestion for Arnold? Next time, have Jessica Chastain co-star.
Here's a look at the full box office top ten, courtesy of Hollywood.com:
1. "Mama" - $28.1m (our review)
2. "Zero Dark Thirty" - $17.6m (our review)
3. "Silver Linings Playbook" - $11.4m (our review)
4. "Gangster Squad" - $9.1m (our review)
5. "Broken City" - $9m (our review)
6. "A Haunted House" - $8.3m (our review)
7. "Django Unchained" - $8.2m (our review)
8. "Les Misérables" - $7.8m (our review)
9. "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey" - $6.4m (our review)
10. 'The Last Stand" - $6.3m (our review)


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Western Michigan University
1903 W Michigan Ave
Kalamazoo MI 49008-5434 USA
- Ph.D., University of Michigan
- M.A., University of Michigan
- B.A., Pomona College
Alexander M. Cannon is an ethnomusicologist specializing in the music of contemporary southern Vietnam and the music of Asia. He holds a B.A. in music and mathematical economics from Pomona College and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. At the University of Michigan, he directed the Central Javanese gamelan ensemble and taught courses in world music and American music. He most recently taught world music and music history at Montclair State University.
Cannon's research investigates the changing practices of a genre of traditional music called "nhac tai tu Nam bo" or the music of talented amateurs of southern Vietnam. As a recipient of the Fulbright Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad fellowship, he conducted 15 months of extensive fieldwork research in Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta in 2008 and 2009; he returns every year to continue this research. In 2011, he completed his doctoral dissertation on charismatic musicianship in Vietnam titled "Making Tradition Charismatic: Music, Memory and Alliance in Contemporary Southern Vietnam" under the guidance of Professors Joseph Lam and Judith Becker.
Cannon has presented his research at national and international conferences in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and China. He recently guest-edited a special issue volume of the "Journal of Vietnamese Studies" on new research concerning the Vietnamese diaspora and also contributed a research article titled "Virtually Audible in Diaspora: The Transnational Negotiation of Vietnamese Traditional Music." He also has an article on charisma and Vietnamese traditional music forthcoming in the journal "Ethnomusicology."


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+44 (0)1438 880 758 Mon-Fri (9.30am-5.00pm)
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- Replacement lead mechanism for Porsche Design P'3120 pencils
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By Adnan Tegmen
I can summarize my order as follows. Kindly interest, quick reply, fast dispatch.
All the process was excellent. Good job! Thank you.


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President & CEO
With great pleasure, we present CCB's Annual Report. It was a year of new projects, collaborations, and achievements.
One of the highlights in the year was the grant awarded by the Department of Early Education and Care to Child Care of the Berkshires for the Birth through Grade 3 Alignment Collaborative. The Northern Berkshire Collaborative included CCB, the North Adams Public School, Head Start, Early Intervention, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts and the Northern Berkshire YMCA. Throughout the year, the Coordinator worked with the partners and the Advisory Committee to align educational practices in the Northern Berkshire area, improve educational leadership, and focus on methods to engagement of parents in their children's education.
Our programs continued to be recognized for their quality. The Children's Trust recognized the Healthy Families Program with an "All Star" award and the Family Center as a "model" program. Three of CCB's child care centers and three family child care homes attained Level 3 status on the EEC Quality Rating Improvement System on a scale of 1 – 4. Less than 3% of the early education providers have attained this distinction.
The Berkshire Community Taconic Foundation allocated new funds to expand the Parent Child Home Program in Adams and Dalton. The Mentoring Program received a two-year funding award from Mass Mentoring; the annual Bowl-a-thon raised additional monies with many bowling teams participating. The Berkshire United Way funded our three Community Impact proposals for the Healthy Families Program, the Parent Child Home Program and the child care programming for the coming year. The Monument Square Team continued to raise funds to improve their play yard. Staff participated in the Walk For MA Children event, raising funds for our programming.
The dedication of our fine staff and commitment of the Board of Directors ensures CCB's continuing ability to support families and to educate young children. Our funders and partnering agencies are key to our successes. CCB is greatly appreciative of everyone's on-going hard work and support to make our agency a leader in the field of early childhood education and family support, in our local communities and beyond.
William Robinson, Board Chair and Anne Nemetz-Carlson, President/CEO


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Sign up for our weekly updates which tell you what we have been up to, and what has been exciting us over the previous seven days.
Aides of VoeRead MoreJune 4, 2016
Adies was a significant business in Shetland until 1991 when it closed. The company was very important in textile terms to the Shetland economy and history.
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PHOTOGRAPHY :: awesome images of dogs underwater!by ams on Nov 5, 2012 • 6:00 am
Check the brilliant underwater photographic study of dogs by Seth Casteel, now published as a book, & also seen on the website Little Friends Photo!!
Whilst working commercially, the LA-based photographer remains committed to animal rescue – voluntarily touring the US educating shelters and rescue facilities on ¬†how to produce better images for animals seeking to be re-homed, or more importantly, saved from being euthanised -¬†the internet now being a vital conduit in the process!
Irrespective of Casteels welfare work & fundraising initiatives – the book is a superb presentation of 'man's best friend' in action!
For the love of dog – donate & share.
Donate, purchase or FRIEND ON FACEBOOK / or donate  AT littlefriendsphoto.com
IMAGES :: Seth Casteel  /  little friends photo.com
Originally blogged February 1, 2012.


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Two more people have been arrested in connection with the murder investigation of an Oldham County woman whose body was found in a shallow grave on Cropper Road Nov. 23.
Megan Elston, 24, and Bethany Nikki Thomas, 34, have been charged with complicity to first-degree assault.
Kentucky State Police trooper Josh Lawson said the pair incurred the charges because they were present while Angela Hall, 34, was beaten with a baseball bat.
District Court
Brittany Owens, failure to wear seat belt, no driver's license in possession – guilty – $188 in fines and court costs.
Gregory Brown II, failure to wear seat belt, expired registration plates – guilty – $188 in fines and court costs.
Residents were evacuated for a short time Sunday night after a heating unit caught fire at the Shelbyville Masonic Home.
Shelby County Assistant Fire Chief Jeff Ivers said the unit was located in the south wing of the building, and that about 30 residents had to be evacuated when the unit caught fire just before 11 p.m.
There were no injuries in the incident.
The residents were able to return back to their original rooms.
A residence in Cropper sustained damage after a fire broke out at 1 a.m. in the morning fire officials said.
Bagdad Fire Chief Rusty Newton said they were called to the residence of Christopher Durin of Cropper at about 1 p.m. Monday morning.
"When we got on scene, we found the attic on fire," he said. "It was tough getting to it."
Newton said that Durin told him that the lights flickered, then the power went off, and right after that, Durin, who was home with his son, smelled smoke coming upstairs and called 911.
District court
Divorces granted
Woodrow Howard, Simpsonville vs. Brandy Howard, Simpsonville.
Lisa Marie Deaton, Shelbyville vs. Rodrigo Alfaro Gonzalez, Versailles.
Arturo Garcia-Gaspar, operating motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol/ drugs, no operator's license, failure of owner to maintain required insurance – guilty – 120 day license suspension, 5 day sentence, $1,228 in fines and court costs.
Alicia Kraft, disorderly conduct (2nd degree) –guilty – 5-day sentence, $164 fine.
A date has been set for a jury trial for a former Shelby County High School payroll manager charged with embezzling more than a half million dollars.
Benita Anglin, a former payroll manager for Shelby County Public Schools who was arrested in August 2014, two days after she was indicted for embezzling hundreds of thousands from the school district, has a trial scheduled for March 14, 2016.
Simpsonville Police Chief Chip Minnis has expressed outrage over a break-in at the Simpsonville Police Department headquarters early Friday morning.
"Whoever did this, they have crossed the line," he said. "We will be seeking the maximum penalty when they are apprehended."
Reportedly missing is about $30,000 in cash, narcotics and guns.
KSP has started an investigation, but police officials are saying it's too early to know exactly what is missing. A complete audit of the office's evidence locker is underway.
A Shelbyville woman and her boyfriend who were arrested in August on several felony offenses connected with child pornography involving young children have been indicted on those charges.
Jenny King of Shelby County, a longtime former finance officer for the Shelby County Fiscal Court, charged with embezzling more than $23,000, has received a new court date of Jan. 4.
King, charged with stealing the money from the county's general fund over an 18-month period from April 2013 to December 2014, received the new hearing date at her disposition hearing in Shelby Circuit Court on Monday. The new date is also for a disposition hearing.
Copyright © 2018
The Sentinel-News is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Shelby County and Shelbyville, KY, and the surrounding area.


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08 September 2017 :
At least two prisoners were reportedly hanged at Ardabil Central Prison on drug related charges.
According to close sources, the executions of "Fardin Hosseini" and "Massoud Vaizadeh" were carried out on the morning of August 30.
Fardin and Massoud were reportedly held in prison for more than four years before they were executed.
The two men were reportedly convicted in the same file and sentenced to death each for the charge of manufacturing three kilograms of crystal meth. "Fardin was a chemical engineer and had no previous criminal record," an informed source tells Iran Human Rights.


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Happy Thanksgiving!!! I hope everyone is a having a blessed weekend with family and friends. I heard a little saying the other day if you only had today what you had thank God for yesterday...What would you have? I know my list would be to long to name. I truly am blessed with my family, friends and my life.
Today I created a treat box for you using My Mind's Eye Christmas Lost and Found Collection. You can pick yours up at Beary Scrap. I also used the adorable Gingerboy Chef from Scrapping Cottage. He is from a special release just for Black Friday and is on sales this weekend along with a ton of other great goodies, so be sure to check it out on this shopping hall of fame weekend.
Lastly I wanted to share some bittersweet news...The Beary Scrap Challenge Blog and Design Team is coming to an end. Don't worry the shop will still continue on bringing you those collections you love. I'm sure Kimm from Beary Scrap will be coming up with awesome ideas to share with you all in the future so she'll be seeing you around blogland, just not through the challenge site. I've really enjoyed my time with Beary Scrap and will miss the rest of my design team sisters...they are so wonderful.
Have a great holiday and know YOU are on my list of things to be thankful for.


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I got my brand new Picoscope 2205A MSO yesterday, and started analyzing a DB9 RS232 connection right away.
I used a Laptop running Linux to capture the data on the go (with the latest Picoscope software using the apt-get method) and ran into the first problem: I was unable to restart a recording run after stopping it (it worked once, I believe, but I'm not sure because that was somewhere at the start): It just did nothing when I pressed the little green button on the lower left after pressing the little red one. Is this normal? Or is it a bug? I ended up with closing and restarting Picoscope every time I wanted to start capturing data. Not very funny, but it worked.
Then I wanted to analyze the captured (and saved) data using my big Windows machine at home and that didn't work at all: The latest "stable" Picoscope 6.12.5 crashed several times doing different things (flipping forward or backwards through display pages, zooming etc. - The application asked me twice to file crash reports ). And what was shown wasn't shown right when zooming: The data lines get truncated on the right until they're like 2 centimeters in width, and the rest of the (data lines) window is empty.
I put the psdata file here, so you can see for yourself.


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Facebook will contest the Brussels court verdict which threatens "one of our important technologies to stop attackers".
Facebook is to appeal against a Brussels court ruling on Monday which gives it 48 hours to stop tracking non-members who visit its site, or pay daily fines of up to €250,000 (£175,000).
The verdict is a victory for Belgium's privacy watchdog in a long-running battle with Facebook over its 'Datr' tracking cookie. Datr in installed without permission whenever anyone, even non-members, visit the social network's site or click a Facebook 'like' button on other sites. It then tracks their browser activity.
But Facebook has said it will appeal against the ruling, whose fines deadline runs out tomorrow (Wednesday). And its chief security officer Alex Stamos roundly criticised Belgium's Privacy Commission before the verdict, saying its actions threaten the security of Facebook's 1.5 billion members and go against the user security that data watchdogs should be defending.
The Brussels court has ruled Facebook must obtain explicit consent before using Datr to track and collect data on non-members in Belgium. "This is personal data, which Facebook can only use if the internet user expressly gives their consent, as Belgian privacy law dictates," it said in a statement. "If the Internet surfer has no Facebook account, then Facebook has to explicitly ask for permission, and give the required explanation."
The court ordered Facebook "to stop tracking and registering internet usage by people who surf the internet in Belgium, in the 48 hours which follow this statement". If it fails to comply, it will have to pay fines of up to £175,000 a day to the Belgian Privacy Commission.
The court also rejected Facebook's argument that it should answer only to the Irish Data Protection Commissioner, where its European headquarters are.
But Facebook's spokesperson confirmed in a statement: "We will appeal this decision and are working to minimise any disruption to people's access to Facebook in Belgium. We've used the Datr cookie for more than five years to keep Facebook secure for 1.5 billion people around the world."
And in a recent blog, Stamos insisted the actions of the Belgian Privacy Commission "could undermine our efforts to keep the accounts of people in Belgium safe".
He said: "Most significantly, we use the Datr cookie to help differentiate legitimate visits to our website from illegitimate ones. We use the cookie for preventing the creation of fake and spammy accounts, reducing the risk of someone's account being taken over by someone else, protecting people's content from being stolen, and stopping DDoS attacks that could make our site inaccessible to people."
But analysing the court case, independent UK data privacy expert Chris Boyd, malware intelligence analyst at Malwarebytes, said users are unlikely to agree with Facebook's stance.


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In this section TPP will post emails and papers pertaining to interesting and salient research.
Bascompte et al. (2006; also see Thompson, 2006) have produced one of those papers that takes one's breath away at first reading--this one because of its far-reaching implications for the evolution of diversity and stability in networks. Studying the coevolution of mutualistic relationships in communities, these authors show that diversity and stability are a function of asymmetrical associations in which one unit is relatively dependent upon a second while the second is weakly dependent upon the first. Relying upon a relatively straightforward dynamical model, Bascompte and his colleagues demonstrate that the whole network is stabilized by the asymmetries. Assuming that these findings prove to be explanatory at other levels of analysis (e.g., groups, populations), they will have broad implications for interactions and thresholds of response within and between dyads and groups (i.e., permutations and/or "recursions" of interindividual "networks") such as cooperation, altruism, some competitive relations (e.g., reproductive skew) as well as some forms of "social parasitism" and mimicry. According to this paper, "antagonistic" responses (e.g., aggression, force, coercion) appear to follow different rules."
One implication of this paper for primatologists, including students of humans, is that measurement of asymmetries between and among interacting individuals may be required for robust prediction (and control) of the phenomena of interest. It would seem that a primary goal will be to identify the appropriate level(s) for the assessment of asymmetries (e.g., genetic? whole organism?). Previous work implying that individuals may expend social time and energy "impartially" (e.g., de Waal's work) or that (apparent) "egalitarianism" (e.g., Brachyteles) implies relationship symmetry are suspect.
* Bascompte, J., Jordano, P., & Olesen, J.M. (2006). Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance. Science, 312, 431-433. [Abstract]
* Thompson, J.N. (2006). Mutualistic webs of species. Science, 312, 372-373.
while here are more
© 2003-2006 Theoretical Primatology Project (TPP)


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TRENTON – Paroled sex offenders don't have the right to use Facebook, LinkedIn, or other online social networking tools, according to a New Jersey appellate court ruling.
A three-judge panel determined that allowing paroled sex offenders to use those communication tools represented too great a risk to the public, and specifically children. The decision upheld a rule by the state Parole Board that prevents sex offenders from accessing social media services.
Two unnamed parolees challenged the rule, alleging that it was a violation of their right to free speech.
The court did allow people to ask the Parole Board for individual exemptions "for work or other reasonable purpose."
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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Established 1926
Be the first AL.com user to add photos or videos of Isbell James R DR Animal Clinic
Q: Does this provider have helpful information available online?
A: Yes
Q: Were the waiting room chairs comfortable at this animal hospital?
A: Yes
Q: Does this provider always take that extra step to make you feel special?
A: Yes, I always enjoy my appointments
Q: Would you recommend this animal hospital to others?
A: Yes
Q: Were you able to get answers to simple questions from this...
Q: Did this provider answer all of your questions?
A: Every question I had was answered thoroughly
Q: Was this provider's staff friendly?
A: Friendly Enough
Q: Did you leave the office feeling satisfied with your visit?
A: Yes
Established 1926
Grooming cremation
Isbell James R Dr Animal Clinic is a Animal Hospital facility at 320 North 12th Street in Gadsden, AL.


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© Copyright 2018 Jones Lang LaSalle
Galeria Malta is a 3-storey shopping centre in Poznan, put into service in 2009. The shopping centre is located in the neighbourhood of Malta Lake and Malta recreational area. Galeria Malta takes up 162.000 m² in total, including 54.000 m² of retail and entertainment area. The property is well communicated with the waterside of the lake and equipped in free multistorey car park with 1800 parking spaces. It offers 170 shops, service points, coffee houses, restaurants, cinema with several auditoriums, fitness club and a playground for children. Key tenants: H&M, Reserved, TK Maxx, KappAhl, Go Sport, Media Expert, Multikino, Malta Squash, LPP Group. Exclusive agent: JLL Developer/Owner: Heitman & Neinver


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Our Graduate Periodontal Clinic is a state-of-the-art clinical facility with 4 surgical suites and 5 treatment rooms. We also have a dedicated front desk staff, 3 skilled dental assistants, and 1 experienced dental hygienist. Digital x-ray facilities are in the operatories and a Panoramic facility is in near proximity to the clinic as is a CBCT machine. Our Periodontal Research Clinic, located adjacent to the Graduate Periodontal Clinic, has 2 treatment rooms and 1 surgical suite. UAB Dentistry is physically connected to both the University Hospital and the Veteran's Administration Hospital. This allows easy passage to these two facilities where important clinical activities of the advanced education program in Periodontology are undertaken.
The dental wing of the Veteran's Administration Hospital is used extensively by students in advanced education programs. An adequate staff of dental auxiliaries are employed to provide chairside and clerical assistance and well-qualified staff dentists and consultants are available. There are 31 treatment areas available with at least 4 used for periodontal therapy and dental hygiene.
Other education, recreational, and research facilities of a major urban university and medical center are conveniently located and may be utilized by students in the advanced education programs. The more pertinent of these include the Lister Hill Health Science Library, the Animal Service Facilities, the Bevill Biomedical Sciences, and the Shelby Biomedical Research Buildings.


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Great site,
I have a question about a Jandy Multi-Port Valve. The multiport has 6 different choices and I'm not sure what they all are for. If anyone could explain the different operations or when I would use them I would realy appreciate it.
1. Filter.....Obviously to run water through the filter.
2. Rinse....Not really sure what this mean or what it's for.
3. Recirc...Assuming this means Recirculate but not sure when or why i'd use it.
4. Backwash....I think I know this one.
5. Waste....I'm assuming this is bypassing the filter completely and shooting water straight out.
6. Closed...Does this mean it shuts down all water going to the filter?
Also can someone explain the procedure for backwashing, do you just shift the handle to Backwash and let it run until the water coming out is clear?
Thanks Vince


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Situated in one of the oldest cities in England, Exeter Golf and Country Club is recognised as one of the best golf clubs in the South West. With its beautiful surroundings and Georgian manor house, the club offers a diverse range of facilities that make it appealing to an extensive market.
The challenge: With continuous developments being made to the club, it's our job to increase its online presence (particularly in the search results targeting Exeter & Devon related keywords), enhance its online reputation, and improve conversions on the site.
Our solution: Optimise on-site pages, Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising and Consultancy.
The project saw us restructure their existing Pay-Per-Click (PPC) account, focusing on geographical targeting in order to maximise a restricted budget. This, combined with the setup of conversion tracking, and the optimisation of the site has enabled us to rank 1st place on Google for a number of competitive keyword phrases.
By sourcing contacts and working closely with the club we have raised awareness of the new facilities and improvements that have recently been made to the club, resulting in a number of excellent reviews, and links back to the site.
During the time of the project:
Revamped the PPC campaign – targeting areas geographically.
Increased the conversion rate by 130% when compared to last year.
30% increase in Organic traffic when compared to last year.
Desktop Layout
Screen size on desktop gives us the freedom to design something stunning, but is still able to adapt to smaller screens. With integrated back-end systems and custom tools mixed in, we're able to offer a completely bespoke experience.
Client Background:
Exeter Golf and Country Club is conveniently located on the edge of Exeter and can be found in the ancient Wear Park Estate. The 18-hole golf course allows for all year round play and encompasses a staggering 69,6023 yards. The on-site facilities include a spa, gym, tennis & squash courts, swimming pool, and restaurant, making the club the perfect day out for families and golfers alike!
You can read more about the club here: