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Clinical Nursing Research
1999; 8; 368 Clin Nurs Res
Judith Greif, Walter Hewitt and Myrna L. Armstrong
Tattooing and Body Piercing: Body Art Practices Among College Students
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CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999 Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES
Tattooingandbody piercingareincreasing, especially amongcollegestudents. A
study of 766 tattooed and/ or body-pierced college students in 18 universities
across the United States and one in Australia was conducted to discover the
demographiccharacteristics, motivational factors, and health concerns. Thetra-
ditional collegetimeof 18 to22 years of age(69%)was when they obtained their
tattoo(73%) and/ or body piercing(63%). Morefrequent health problems and im-
pulsivedecisionmakingwerenoted for thosewithbody piercingwhencompared
to those tattooed. Three cases of hepatitis were reported. Health professionals
should openly discuss body art withstudents, convey a nonjudgmental attitude,
and assist with informed decision-making information to either reduce risks or
dissuade. Open communication and applicable health education will be very
Tattooi ng and Body Pi erci ng
Body Art Practices Among College Students
Rutgers University Health Service
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Body art, specifically tattooingand body piercing, has been prac-
ticed in almost every culture around the world, and for thou-
sands of years. Tattoos are now being reported on archaeologi-
cal findings including a 2,400-year-old Russian mummy with a
tattoo still clearly visible on her biceps (Polosmak, 1994). Roy-
alty, especially the name of Queen Victoria, is frequently men-
tioned as having had a tattoo, and her consort, Prince Albert, is
Authors' Note: We gratefully acknowledge the thoughtful review of Janet K.
Bundy, M.S., R.N. C.I.C., Dr.PH(c); also, services of Judy Soncrant, project
manager, and Dawn Wald, supervisor, computer services, and the late Rita Pu-
ritz, administrative assistant, Rutgers University.
CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH, Vol. 8 No. 4, November 1999 368-385
© 1999 Sage Publications, Inc.
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said to have had a penile piercing through his urethra (Greif &
Hewitt, 1998). Anthropologists describe body art or modifica-
tion as a way of identifying oneself as being a part of a specific
group, whether a religious group, a tribe, or gang; of denoting
one's financial or marital status; or even as a way of beautifying
the body (Myers, 1992; Saunders, 1989). Many, frompirates to
Roman Centurions, have had body piercings—sometimes sym-
bolizing royalty, bravery, virility, or as a rite of passage. Yet in
Western culture, tattooing and piercing often have been con-
sidered taboo, perhaps stemming from the Bible's Old Testa-
ment citing in Leviticus 19:28 and Deuteronomy 14:1 that pro-
hibits the marking of one's flesh in celebration of other gods.
Today, both genders are almost equally represented in
obtaining tattoos and body piercing. This description includes
both adults and adolescents from a wide range of occupations
and socioeconomic groups (Anderson, 1992; Armstrong, 1991;
Armstrong, Ekmark, & Brooks, 1995). Between 7 million and
20 million adults are reported to be tattooed. Armstrong and
Pace Murphy (1997) reported 1 in every 10 adolescents are tat-
tooed, and Sperry provided an even higher estimate of 25% of
all 15- to 25-year-olds being tattooed (quoted in O'Hara, 1995).
Webster's Dictionary (1993) defines the word tattoo, from the
Tahitian term, "tatu, as an indelible mark or figure fixed upon
the body by the insertion of pigment under the skin or by the
production of scars" (p. 1207). Today, that is often accom-
plished in a studio by artists using a rapid-injecting electrical
device that delivers a uniform series of punctures into the der-
mal layer of the skin (Greif &Hewitt, 1998). The pigment for the
tattoo is injected into the skin "50 to 3,000 times per minute up
to, or into the dermis at a depth of 1/64 to 1/16 of an inch"
(Armstrong, 1991, p. 216). Although many of the ingredients in
tattoo pigments were approved as cosmetics for topical use by
the FDA in 1938, they have not been approved for invasive pro-
cedures, with some pigments containing lead, mercury, and
trace amounts of arsenic (Tope, 1995). In addition, many of
these tattoo pigments do not contain standardized ingredients.
This "lack of purity and identity" can prevent effective results if
the tattoo recipients change their mind about the tattoo and
want it removed (Anderson, 1992). Although "almost all tattoos
can be lightened, Q-switched laser treatment truly clears only
about [70%] and some inks have proven to be resistant to laser
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 369
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treatment, particularly dark green and yellow varieties" (Arm-
strong, Stuppy, Gabriel, & Anderson, 1996, p. 415).
"Piercing involves the insertion of a needle into various areas
of the body to create an opening through which decorative
ornaments such as jewelry may be worn" (Greif &Hewitt, 1998,
p. 26). The procedure only takes a few minutes to perform and
is frequently done on body areas such as the ears, nose, eye-
brows, lips, tongue, nipples, naval, and genitals. Specific jew-
elry (surgical-grade stainless steel or solid 14-karat yellow
gold, niobium, or titanium) is strongly recommended for inser-
tioninto the opening to avoid allergic and infectious responses.
Most body piercing is performed in tattoo studios; unfortu-
nately it is also self-inflicted and done in temporary establish-
ments such as flea markets, rock concerts, and college parties
as part of the entertainment. Gauntlet, an international chain
of body piercing shops in California, New York, and Paris,
reports at least 30,000 piercings eachyear (Michaela Grey, per-
sonal communication, June 17, 1997). Statistics on the
amount of body piercing done is difficult to determine as the
procedure lacks the permanency of tattooing; if the person
doesn't like the piercing, they can remove the jewelry and the
hole will close. Then, other than the frequent formation of scar
tissue at the site, no one knows of their previous piercing
Tattooing and body piercing are still primarily an artist-
consumer regulated business (Armstrong, 1991). Many states
(N = 27) do not have any regulations for tattooing (Tope, 1995)
and few states (N = 5) have statutes for body piercing (Arm-
strong & Fell, in press). If there are regulations, enforcement is
of concern as most local and state health departments priori-
tize inspections; those with complaints are reviewed and those
with no complaints are often left alone (Armstrong &Pace Mur-
phy, 1997). Thus, the customer must have knowledge of the
health concerns and risks for safe practice of body art.
In general, for the amount of body art that is done, there
seem to be relatively few health problems although the poten-
ial of blood-borne disease risk still exists and the medical
literature describing the complications seems to be evolving.
The major risk is due to the small amount of bleeding present
with both procedures. Hepatitis B remains the significant con-
cern and recently both the American and Canadian medical
370 CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999
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literature have documented transmission of Hepatitis C (Long
& Rickman, 1994, Shimokura & Gully, 1995; Sperry, 1992;
Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). Two brief reports have raised the
question of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission
in both types of body art (Doll, 1988; Pugatch, Mileno, & Rich,
1998). Following body piercing, local site infections remain
common. Some life-threatening outcomes with body piercings
have been reported including septic arthritis, acute glomeru-
lonephritis, and endocarditis (Armstrong, Ekmark, & Brooks,
1995; Tweeten & Rickman, 1998). Psychosocial risks with body
art are also documented and include "embarrassment, low self-
esteem, and disappointment" (Armstrong, 1991; Armstrong &
McConnell, 1994; Armstrong &Pace Murphy, 1997; Armstrong,
Ekmark, & Brooks, 1995).
Although the phenomenon of obtaining body art is gaining in
popularity, little is known about the tattooed and pierced
college-age student. The purposes of this exploratory study
were to identify the characteristics of students enrolled in col-
lege that have a tattoo(s) and/or body piercing, the frequency of
occurrence, their decision making and experiences, and health
issues of those with body art. Information about the college
student's decision making when obtaining a tattoo or body
piercing could alert the health care professional to risk-taking
behavior and help in effective planning for health promotion
strategies. Information from this type of study can build a
larger knowledge base for further work on the risk-taking
behavior of college students.
A descriptive and primarily quantitative design, similar to
the Armstrong and McConnell (1994) and the Armstrong and
Pace Murphy studies (1997), was used to describe the present
situation and generate knowledge.
An 86-itemself-reporting, anonymous survey was used that
focused on questions about the participant's experiences of
tattooing and body piercing. The survey instrument was based
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 371
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on a review of literature, personal interviews with college stu-
dents with body art, data froma pilot study, and four published
studies on body art (Armstrong, 1991; Armstrong, Ekmark, &
Brooks, 1995; Armstrong & McConnell, 1994; Armstrong &
Pace Murphy, 1997). An expert panel of college health physi-
cians, nurses, and counselors reviewed the questionnaire for
this study. Thirty questions of the survey were from the Arm-
strong Tattoo Survey (ATS). Face and content validity were
establishedfor these questions andreestablishedby expert pan-
els before the initiation of the studies. Similar questions about
body piercing were incorporated, based on author experiences.
A pilot study (N = 12) was conducted to test and refine the sur-
vey tool used in this research. The pilot study helped clarify the
direction of questioning for the college student respondents.
An introduction to the survey provided the study's purpose,
benefits, and statements regarding the respondent's voluntary
participation; completion of the survey implied consent to par-
ticipate in the study. The survey was divided into four sections
with 31 questions about tattooing, 31 questions about body
piercing, 4 general questions related to body art, and 20 demo-
graphic questions. Demographic questions included age, race,
gender, sexual orientation, academic major, academic perfor-
mance, family history and income, and attendance at religious
services. The reading level of the survey was at the 10th grade.
A variety of query formats were used such as multiple choice
and Likert scale questions. Questions inquired about motivat-
ing factors, costs, number of body art procedures, health
issues, risk behaviors, as well as parental involvement in deci-
sion making. Open-ended questions were provided so respon-
dents could comment more extensively on their participation
with body art.
Following approval by the institutional review board as an
exempt study, personnel from college health services were
sought from a wide geographic region by word of mouth and
messages on the college health bulletin board of the Internet.
College health personnel from 18 American universities, as
well as one Australian university, responded and volunteered
to assist in the distribution of the survey. School size of these
372 CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999
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19 universities varied fromone student body of 479, to the larg-
est campus of 46,000 (Figure 1). The number of surveys sent to
each university depended on specific requests of the college
health personnel; a total of 1,700 surveys were sent out.
Whencollege students withbody art presented at the partici-
pating universities for any health services, they were asked by
the health care providers if they would like to volunteer to com-
plete a questionnaire about their body art experiences. Stu-
dents with only traditional earlobe piercings were excluded for
this study because reasons for this type of piercing tend to be
different than body piercing. All respondents were asked to
complete the general body art and demographic questions. In
the directions of the survey, tattooed and/or body-pierced
respondents were asked to complete the specific section(s) of
the survey applicable to them; that is, if they were tattooed,
they were to complete those questions. If they had a body pierc-
ing, they were asked to complete those questions. If they were
both tattooed and pierced, they were asked to complete two
sections. For the purpose and eligibility of this study, tattoos
were defined as permanent marks or designs applied to the
skin, not temporary decals (Armstrong & McConnell, 1994).
Body piercingwas referred to as the penetrationof the skinwith
a sharp implement to create openings through which jewelry
may be worn (Greif & Hewitt, 1998). On completion of the sur-
vey, respondents placed their answers in a large envelope and
this envelope was placed in a sealed drawer for confidentiality.
To achieve an adequate sample size, data collection extended
over two full semesters. At the end of the second semester, the
surveys were sent to the authors for analysis.
A total of 828 surveys were returned to the investigators for a
49%response rate. Reasons for not returning the other surveys
included lack of time to distribute the surveys and the lack of
tattooed and/or pierced students that presented for health ser-
vices during the time of data collection. On review, several
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 373
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Fi gure 1. Part ic ipat ing c olle giat e s it e s .
surveys (N= 52) were disqualified due to large blocks of incom-
plete data. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. For those
schools with 40 or more completed surveys, specific data for
their university were later provided following data analysis. The
following is a discussion of 766 completed surveys. Qualitative
comments were reviewed and recorded separately; many of
these comments are not addressed in this analysis.
Respondents in this cross-sectional, convenient sample (N=
766) were from 18 universities in the United States and one
university in Australia. No unique responses were noted from
the international school so all students were grouped together
and included 630 full-time undergraduate students, 86 full-
time graduate and doctoral students, and 45 part-time or non-
matriculating students. Five subjects did not answer this ques-
tion. More women (70%) participated in this study than men
(29%); 1%of the respondents did not identify their gender. The
age range of the respondents was from 17 to 54 years of age,
with 69%of the respondents between the ages of 18 to 22. That
specific 4-year age span, the traditional college age years, is
also when 74% of the tattooed respondents and 63% of those
withbody piercings had obtained their first body art procedure.
Ethnic representation included White (71%), Black (7%),
Asian (5%), Hispanic (4%), and "others" (13%). Class distribu-
tion included freshmen (17%), sophomores (16%), juniors
(23%), seniors (26%), graduate students (11%), and others
(6%). Many of the respondents were first or only born (46%),
had grown up with both natural parents (66%), and were raised
in households with an income of $35,000 or more (73%). The
respondents attended religious services between one to five
times per year (33%) and another 33% never attended church.
Almost one third (30%) declared their academic majors as lib-
eral arts, social science studies (27%), and basic sciences
(22%). Nearly 60% self-reported grade point averages of 3.0 or
The average cost of a respondent's tattoo was $67 and of a
piercing, $50, withthe total cost for the entire 766 respondents'
body art as $148,000. The highest amount reportedly paid for a
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 375
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tattoo was $750 and another respondent paid $215 for a single
piercing, including the jewelry. Most students (76%) did not
notify their parents of the intent to obtain a tattoo or body
piercing, even when some were minors, but eventually the par-
ents were informed (75%). Both those with tattoos and pierc-
ings cited the same major reasons for their body art as self-
expression (50%) and "just wanted one" (48%) (Table 1).
When asked about the purpose of their body art, 61% of the
respondents strongly agreed/ agreed with the statement "to be
myself, I don't need to please or impress anyone." Other state-
ments that inquired about the purpose of the body art and the
relationship of their friends' acceptance and expectations were
strongly excluded. Those with multiple body piercings, as well
as tattoos, often commented that they found them to be
"addicting" and "I like the way they feel."
Questions were asked about the respondents' risk-taking
behaviors such as the use of drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol.
More than half of the respondents (53%) reported having more
than five drinks of alcohol weekly or monthly. Thirty-nine per-
cent of these college students had used recreational drugs and
376 CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999
Table 1
Reasons Why Students Obtain Body Art
Tattoo (N = 561) N %
Self-expression 296 53
Just wanted one 200 35
To remember an event 121 21
Feel unique 100 17
Independence 62 11
Body Piercing (N = 391) N %
Self-expression 189 48
Just wanted one 149 38
To be different 81 21
Beauty mark 80 21
NOTE: Total percentage is higher than 100 because multiple reasons could be
selected by respondents.
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24% reported daily cigarette use. Only 13% cited the use of
drugs and/or alcohol before their body art procedure.
Three demographic questions asked about sexual inter-
course, the number of sexual partners, and sexual preference.
Only 5%of the participants in this study reported never having
sexual intercourse. Forty percent of the respondents reported
between 1 and 5 partners, 6 to 10 partners (24%), and 11 or
more partners (26%). The majority of students (87%) reported
heterosexual orientation, 12% reported bisexual activity, and
less than 1% reported homosexual preference.
Most students (88%) reported their first body art was done
by professional artists in a studio using sterile, disposable nee-
dles, skin disinfection, proper handwashing, and clean latex
gloves. Following the procedure, 66% of the respondents
reported receiving both written and verbal instructions regard-
ing potential risks and aftercare.
In this study, 561 college students or 73% of the respon-
dents were tattooed; 84% of them had one or two tattoos. One
respondent was tattooed at the age of 13 and another respon-
dent obtained his first tattoo at 40 years of age. The most tat-
toos one respondent reported was 20 tattoos. Decision making
concerning having tattoos seemed to range from a group of
respondents (20%) that took a few minutes to make their deci-
sion to another group that took years to decide (23%). Most of
the respondents (90%) reported continual satisfaction with
their tattoos and 82% would do it again.
Although many students (71%) reported no health problems
secondary to their tattooing, 14% had skin irritations (short-
term redness, dry skin, or tenderness) and 1% cited site infec-
tions (blister, pus, swelling, pain, or redness). Only 4%of those
with skin problems sought assistance from a health profes-
sional. One student reported contracting hepatitis after her
tattooing procedure. This respondent had obtained her first
tattoo at 16 in a professional studio with an autoclave on the
premises, an artist using a new pair of disposable latex gloves
for the tattoo, and skin disinfection done before and after the
procedure. She denies use of alcohol or drugs before her tattoo,
has never smoked cigarettes or used recreational drugs, and
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limits alcohol use. She commented, "I tested positive for anti-
bodies twice after the tattoo and then 2 years later tested nega-
tive—I never displayed symptoms of the disease." Currently,
she ranked herself as a junior in college, would have the tattoo-
ing done again, and would not have the tattoo removed as it
"makes me feel unique and individual." In her comments to the
question of "What would you like to tell someone else consider-
ing body art?", she wrote "check health[and] NEWNEEDLES."
Fifty-one percent (n = 391) of the respondents in this study
report body piercings. Most had one or two piercings (76%). The
earliest age reported for an initial piercing was 11 and the old-
est at the time of their first piercing was 42. One respondent
reported 12 piercings. More of the respondents took a "fewmin-
utes" for their decision(29%) withbody piercing as compared to
thinking about it for a year (5%).
Health problems with body piercing were frequent and
sometimes produced multiple problems. Although 30%
reported "no problems," 45% reported infections at the site
(blister, pus, drainage, pain, and redness). Skin irritation
(short-term redness, dry skin, or tenderness) was the second
most prevalent problem (39%), yet overall, only 13% presented
themselves to health professionals for assistance in managing
their body-piercing problems. Despite these health problems,
91% reported continued satisfaction with their body piercing
and 78% would do it again.
Two students from different universities reported hepatitis
after their piercings. Both respondents described the use of
sterile, disposable needles to puncture the skin for their pierc-
ing, but aftercare instructions were not provided. Both still like
their piercings, would have it done again, and would recom-
mend the procedure to others, although one mentioned that
it "limits job possibilities." The respondents have never used
alcohol or smoked cigarettes but use recreational drugs
monthly. One recommended to others that they "take care of
it during the healing process and go to [a] well-established
Almost one quarter of the pierced respondents (24%) reported
nipple and genital piercings. Their major reason for getting this
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particular body art was "enhanced sexual experiences."
Although many respondents in the study (69%) reported "no
change" regarding their sexual experiences and less than 1%
stated their sexual experiences were worse after their body art,
70% of those respondents with nipple and genital piercings
reported significant improvement.
This research expands on earlier work by Armstrong and
McConnell (1994) and Armstrong and Pace Murphy (1997) and
is the first published research investigating body art practices
of college students (N = 766) enrolled in universities. In this
study, the respondents reported most of their body art was
done after they were enrolled in college (tattooing, 74%, and
body piercing, 63%) and obtained during the traditional college
age years of 18 to 22. Three areas of interest will be discussed,
namely the decision making for the body art, characteristics of
the sample and the reported risk-taking of those who were
pierced and/or tattooed, and the cited health problems. The
authors are aware that these findings have limited general
application as a small sample was used and any college stu-
dents who volunteered may be a unique sample wanting to dis-
cuss their experiences with body art. In addition, self-reporting
can be subject to bias due to inaccurate recall or a desire to
relate things as they should be; yet, this was thought to be the
best method to obtain initial data from such a diverse, widely
scattered group of subjects.
Decision making for the body art seemed to vary. In this
study, about one quarter of the respondents reported their
class ranking as freshmen and sophomores. Almost one third
of those with body piercing reported only taking a few minutes
deciding on their body art, illustrating impulsive decision mak-
ing. As the media portrays body art as carefree and risqué
behavior, many could perceive body piercing as a temporary
procedure or at least one that can be "undone, with little, or no
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residual," giving themfreedomto feel they can proceed with the
piercing without many perceived risks (Armstrong, Ekmark, &
Brooks, 1995, p. 25). Thus, could the nature of body piercing
procedure produce more casual decision making?
A small group of impulsive decision makers with tattooing
was also reported. This finding seems to correspond with
Armstrong and McConnell (1994) and Armstrong and Pace
Murphy's studies (1997) with tattooed adolescents where the
short decision making was frequently present. Could these
responses still correspond to the late adolescent developmental
activities of impulsiveness and the lack of effective decision
making when away from home?
In this study, there also was a sizable group of respondents
who took more time for deliberate decision making, especially
with tattooing; some describe making their decisions over
months and even years. The price of the body art also related to
their deliberate decision making; reported costs were not
inexpensive. This subgroup of respondents seemed to align
more with the Armstrong study (1991) examining tattooed
career-oriented women where more deliberate decision making
was observed for the body site, the artist, the studio, and the
design. This delayed decision making could correspond to the
group of the respondents (more than half ) who were enrolled in
upper division undergraduate and graduate education. The
longer amount of time taken for the tattoo decision could relate
to the permanency of the tattoo procedure as well as the
increased education level. This better decision making also
seemed to lead to the high rate of satisfaction with their body
art and the large amount of respondents that would do the pro-
cedure again.
The college students made the decision to obtain body art.
Often, the parents were not consulted on decisions for tattoo-
ing and body piercing. If they were minors, parental permission
was not sought. College health personnel were not part of their
decision making also. If there were complications from the
body art, many times the participants tried to take care of it
themselves rather than consult with health professionals.
The participants' major reasons for the body art were the
same, self-expression and "just wanted one." The body art pro-
cedures seemed to be deliberate, done specifically for them-
selves as illustrated by their strong agreement about the
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purpose of their body art to "be myself, I don't need to please or
impress anyone." This agreement of strong self-identity for the
body art is similar to findings in Armstrong and McConnell
(1994) and Armstrong and Pace Murphy (1997) studies.
Overall, these participants were intent to obtain some form
of body art regardless of money, regulations, or risks, focusing
more on the identity rather than the assessment of risks. These
findings are similar to other studies examining body art partici-
pants (Armstrong, Ekmark, & Brooks, 1995; Armstrong &
McConnell, 1994; Armstrong & Pace Murphy, 1997). The
respondents did not report any feelings of deviancy when they
obtained their body art; in fact, many provided comments hop-
ing society could accept their tattoo and/or piercing as a work
of art that made them feel "good, unique, and special." These
feelings correspond with Delene and Brogowicz's (1990) top
findings of health care concerns of college students as body
image and personal appearance.
As with all art forms, tattooing and body piercing seem to be
means of communicating thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Thus,
the development of proactive, applicable communication about
this topic is important. Avoid using instructional scare tactics.
Purposeful dissemination of information, whether with bro-
chures, videos, and/or even college health fairs, is helpful.
Health professionals should share information about body art
in general, including the inherent risks, maintaining a non-
judgmental perspective and continuing an open channel of
communication. As part of that message, students must be
encouraged to contemplate their decisions carefully. Encour-
age themto take time in their decision making to talk with oth-
ers about body art, ask specific questions of the artists, and
know enough about the procedure to judge the quality and
hygiene of the activity. The authors have found that open com-
munication about body art is often a bridge for further expres-
sion about other issues that may be concerning their physical
and emotional well-being while within the college milieu.
Many of the respondents in this study were White women in
undergraduate programs froma variety of class rankings, aca-
demically successful, and majoring either in liberal arts or
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social sciences. Could women be more interested in body art?
Although there are no previous studies investigating college
age students with body art, Armstrong and Pace Murphy's
(1997) study examining adolescents (N = 2101) had more tat-
tooed girls (55%, n = 117) as compared with boys (45%, n = 96).
Those authors commented on the gender distribution as sup-
porting Keyes and Block's (1984) belief that greater risk-taking
behaviors are present in adolescent girls because of their ear-
lier maturation. Further investigation regarding this observa-
tion is suggested.
Specific risk-taking behaviors of drugs, cigarettes, and alco-
hol use were reported with the participants of body art. These
risk-taking behaviors also could reflect the developmental
phase of late adolescence in the college student who is away
from the family for the first time and lacks experience with
health-influencing activities and mature decision making. Fur-
ther study should examine the association of body art as a
risk-taking behavior with other risk-taking behaviors com-
monly cited for this population.
Health problems can arise either during the body art proce-
dure or from lack of proper aftercare. Repeated needle injec-
tions of a foreign substance for tattooing and bleeding can pre-
dispose subjects to bloodborne diseases as well as the
penetration of a needle or piercing gun for body piercing. Over-
all, for the amount of body art that is done, most of the respon-
dents in this study reported effective, safe hygiene practices of
their tattooist and piercer with the use of sterile, disposable
needles, skin disinfection, proper handwashing, and latex
gloving for the procedure. Many seemed to observe the proce-
dure and artist's techniques before the procedure, yet some
respondents received no aftercare instructions for proper skin
treatment. This could be one reason for almost half of the
respondents with body piercing, and others with tattoos, to
have skin irritations and infections. Informed customers
should know that skin care is essential following procurement
of the body art. Specific written and verbal instructions from
382 CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999
© 1999 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
at Umea University Library on July 24, 2008 http://cnr.sagepub.com Downloaded from
the artist should be followed, especially with body piercing that
inherently has higher rates of infections. Consumers should
know that a consistent amount of cleansing of the piercing site
is necessary to assure proper healing. More research is also
recommended to obtain larger proportions of student popula-
tions on campuses and expand beyond those coming for health
services to further explore the amount, decision making, and
health concerns associated with body art.
In this college population, 3 respondents reported contract-
ing hepatitis, a major risk factor of body art procedures.
Although the methodology of this study did not include serum
antibody screenings for verification of the participant's report
of infectious hepatitis, the documentation of this health risk
remains troublesome when students in higher education
encounter serious health threats that can influence their
health status over a long-term basis. Further research is rec-
ommended that includes a pre-body art blood sample and sub-
sequent testing at 3 and 6 months post-body art to determine
any changes.
Health care professionals should be advocates for college
students as well as the community. Thus, it would be good to
investigate current body art legislation locally and statewide as
well as visit the local studios to observe techniques and proce-
dure. Ask specific questions because often it is assumed that
body art establishments are routinely inspected and monitored
by health officials. If your jurisdiction does not have any regu-
lations or they are limited, contact the National Environmental
Health Association (303-756-9090, email@example.com, or http://
www.neha.org). Obtain the Model Body Art Code, a document
produced by a 21-member committee of body artists, sanita-
tion specialists, and health professionals to proactively pro-
mote the standardization of body art regulations and acknowl-
edge the universal public health mission for the protection of
disease. All or parts of this code can be used in health jurisdic-
tions. These actions, as well as effective health education, can
assist college students in enhanced decision making on a vari-
ety of body art issues such as health risks, anticipatory genera-
tion biases, and permanence factors to reduce risks or even
produce dissuasion from body art.
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 383
© 1999 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
at Umea University Library on July 24, 2008 http://cnr.sagepub.com Downloaded from
Anderson, R. R. (1992). Tattooing should be regulated. New England J ournal of
Medicine, 326, 207.
Armstrong, M. L. (1991). Career-oriented women with tattoos. IMAGE: J ournal
of Nursing Scholarship, 23(4), 215-219.
Armstrong, M. L. (1998). A clinical look at body piercing. RN, 61(9), 26-30.
Armstrong, M. L., Ekmark, E., & Brooks, B. (1995). Body piercing: Promoting
informed decision-making. J ournal of School Nursing, 11(2), 20-25.
Armstrong, M. L., & Fell, P. R. (in press). Popular or not, a model body art code
is needed for tattooing and body piercing. J ournal of Environmental Health.
Armstrong, M. L., &McConnell, C. (1994). Tattooing in adolescents, more com-
mon than you think: The phenomenon and risks. J ournal of School Nursing,
10(1), 22-29.
Armstrong, M. L., & Pace Murphy, K. (1997). Tattooing: Another adolescent
risk behavior warranting health education. Applied Nursing Research,
10(4), 181-189.
Armstrong, M. L., Stuppy, D. J., Gabriel, D. C., &Anderson, R. R. (1996). Moti-
vation for tattoo removal. Archives of Dermatology, 132(4), 412-416.
Delene, L. M., & Brogowicz, A. A. (1990). Student health care needs, attitudes,
and behavior: Marketing implications for college health centers. J ournal of
the American College Health, 38(1), 157-164.
Doll, B. C. (1988). Tattooing in prison and HIV [Letter]. Lancet, 8575, 66-67.
Greif, J., &Hewitt, W. (1998). The living canvas: Health issues in tattooing, body
piercing and branding. Advances for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 26-31, 82.
Keyes, S., & Block J. (1984). Prevalence and patterns of substance use among
early adolescents. J ournal of Youth & Adolescents, 13, 1-13.
Long, G. E., & Rickman, L. S. (1994). Infectious complications of tattoos. Clini-
cal Infectious Disease, 18(4), 610-619.
Myers, J. (1992). Nonmainstream body modification. J ournal of Contemporary
Ethnography, 21(3), 267-306.
O'Hara, D. (1995, December 18). Risky fashions. AMNews, pp. 11-12, 21-22.
Polosmak, N. (1994). Mummy unearthed fromthe pastures of heaven. National
Geographic, 186(4), 80-103.
Pugatch, D., Mileno, M., & Rich, J. D. (1998). Possible transmission of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 from body piercing. Clinical Infectious Dis-
eases, 6(3), 767-768.
Saunders, C. (1989). Customizing the body: The art and culture of tattooing.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Shimokura, G. H., &Gully, P. R. (1995). Risk of hepatitis Cvirus infection from
tattooing and other skin piercing services. Canadian J ournal of Infectious
Diseases, 6(5), 235-238.
Sperry, K. (1992). Tattoos and tattooing: Part II, Gross pathology, histopathol-
ogy, medical complications, and applications. American J ournal of Forensic
Medical Pathology, 13(1), 7-17.
Tope, W. D. (1995). State and territorial regulation of tattooing in the United
States. J ournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 32(5), 791-799.
Tweeten, S. S., &Rickman, L. S. (1998). Infectious complications of body pierc-
ing. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26(3), 735-740.
384 CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH / November 1999
© 1999 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
at Umea University Library on July 24, 2008 http://cnr.sagepub.com Downloaded from
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA:
J udith Greif, R.N., N.P., C., M.S., is a family nurse practitioner at the Hur-
tadoHealthCenter, Rutgers UniversityHealthService, NewBrunswick, NJ .
Walter Hewitt, R.N., C., B.S.N., is theassistant clinical coordinator, Hurtado
Health Center, Rutgers University Health Service, New Brunswick, NJ .
Myrna L. Armstrong, Ed.D., R.N., F.A.A.N., is a professor in the School of
Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX.
Greif et al. / BODY ART PRACTICES 385
© 1999 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
at Umea University Library on July 24, 2008 http://cnr.sagepub.com Downloaded from


text:
I've got about 1000 images with Geo data and I want to remove it. I tried the "Geo Remove" batch command - that doesn't work. I've tried removing it manually - and I can't make it work.
What I did.
Select all the Geo Tagged images
Entered 0 in the Lat, Long and Alt fields
Hit "Yes" when told that this would remove all the Geo data.
So far, so good - the count of Geo tagged images decreases to zero.
Then the Synchronize Service runs - and it puts all the Geo data back.
I've tried this lots of times - I've changed preferences for Synch but no matter what, the behaviour is still the same. Whatever changes, Synch Service puts it back. Can anyone help, please?
Thanks in advance.
Removing Geo Data
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: Removing Geo Data
Sounds like you have Places - Catalog Labels assigned. The on sync these write the location. Unassigned these labels as well.
This is a User-to-User forum which means that users post questions here for other users.
Feature requests, change suggestions, or bugs can be logged in the ticketing system
Feature requests, change suggestions, or bugs can be logged in the ticketing system
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A-Rod took Roids
Sources tell SI Alex Rodriguez tested positive for steroids in 2003
Story Highlights
*Rodriguez tested positive for Primobolan and testosterone while with the Rangers
*Under the 2003 survey testing, there were no penalties for a positive test
*Rodriguez was one of 104 players who tested positive that year
A Rod thru the years
A-Rod tested positive for roids
In 2003, when he won the American League home run title and the AL Most Valuable Player award as a shortstop for the Texas Rangers, Alex Rodriguez tested positive for two anabolic steroids, four sources have independently told Sports Illustrated.
Rodriguez's name appears on a list of 104 players who tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball's '03 survey testing, SI's sources say. As part of a joint agreement with the MLB Players Association, the testing was conducted to determine if it was necessary to impose mandatory random drug testing across the major leagues in 2004.
When approached by an SI reporter on Thursday at a gym in Miami, Rodriguez declined to discuss his 2003 test results. "You'll have to talk to the union," said Rodriguez, the Yankees' third baseman since his trade to New York in February 2004. When asked if there was an explanation for his positive test, he said, "I'm not saying anything."
Phone messages left by SI for players' union executive director Donald Fehr were not returned.
Though MLB's drug policy has expressly prohibited the use of steroids without a valid prescription since 1991, there were no penalties for a positive test in 2003. The results of that year's survey testing of 1,198 players were meant to be anonymous under the agreement between the commissioner's office and the players association. Rodriguez's testing information was found, however, after federal agents, armed with search warrants, seized the '03 test results from Comprehensive Drug Testing, Inc., of Long Beach, Calif., one of two labs used by MLB in connection with that year's survey testing. The seizure took place in April 2004 as part of the government's investigation into 10 major league players linked to the BALCO scandal -- though Rodriguez himself has never been connected to BALCO.
The list of the 104 players whose urine samples tested positive is under seal in California. However, two sources familiar with the evidence that the government has gathered in its investigation of steroid use in baseball and two other sources with knowledge of the testing results have told Sports Illustrated that Rodriguez is one of the 104 players identified as having tested positive, in his case for testosterone and an anabolic steroid known by the brand name Primobolan. All four sources spoke on the condition of anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the evidence.
Primobolan, which is also known by the chemical name methenolone, is an injected or orally administered drug that is more expensive than most steroids. (A 12-week cycle can cost $500.) It improves strength and maintains lean muscle with minimal bulk development, according to steroid experts, and has relatively few side effects. Kirk Radomski, the former New York Mets clubhouse employee who in 2007 pleaded guilty to illegal distribution of steroids to numerous major league players, described in his recent book, Bases Loaded: The Inside Story of the Steroid Era in Baseball by the Central Figure in the Mitchell Report, how players increasingly turned to drugs such as Primobolan in 2003, in part to avoid detection in testing. Primobolan is detectable for a shorter period of time than the steroid previously favored by players, Deca-Durabolin. According to a search of FDA records, Primobolan is not an approved prescription drug in the United States, nor was it in 2003. (Testosterone can be taken legally with an appropriate medical prescription.)
Rodriguez finished the 2003 season by winning his third straight league home run title (with 47) and the first of his three MVP awards.
Because more than 5% of big leaguers had tested positive in 2003, baseball instituted a mandatory random-testing program, with penalties, in '04. According to the 2007 Mitchell Report on steroid use in baseball, in September 2004, Gene Orza, the chief operating officer of the players' union, violated an agreement with MLB by tipping off a player (not named in the report) about an upcoming, supposedly unannounced drug test. Three major league players who spoke to SI said that Rodriguez was also tipped by Orza in early September 2004 that he would be tested later that month. Rodriguez declined to respond on Thursday when asked about the warning Orza provided him.
When Orza was asked on Friday in the union's New York City office about the tipping allegations, he told a reporter, "I'm not interested in discussing this information with you."
Anticipating that the 33-year-old Rodriguez, who has 553 career home runs, could become the game's alltime home run king, the Yankees signed him in November 2007 to a 10-year, incentive-laden deal that could be worth as much as $305 million. Rodriguez is reportedly guaranteed $275 million and could receive a $6 million bonus each time he ties one of the four players at the top of the list: Willie Mays (660), Babe Ruth (714), Hank Aaron (755) and Barry Bonds (762), and an additional $6 million for passing Bonds. In order to receive the incentive money, the contract reportedly requires Rodriguez to make extra promotional appearances and sign memorabilia for the Yankees as part of a marketing plan surrounding his pursuit of Bonds's record. Two sources familiar with Rodriguez's contract told SI that there is no language about steroids in the contract that would put Rodriguez at risk of losing money.
Arguments before an 11-judge panel in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Pasadena are ongoing between government prosecutors and the players' association over the government's seizure of the test results from the Long Beach lab. The agents who collected the material had a search warrant only for the results for the 10 BALCO-linked players. Attorneys from the union argue that the government is entitled only to the results for those players, not the entire list. If the court sides with the union, federal authorities may be barred from using the positive survey test results of non-BALCO players such as Rodriguez in their ongoing investigations.
dude we made the same post 1 minute apart, someone should merge 'em.
^Lmao damn
honestly. who cares, all that bonds shit gonna happen again?? I could take roids til the cows come home, i wont hit like Arod or Bonds.
are people really shocked.
theres guys at my gym that take steroids just to get bigger pecks...
imagine if taking steroids equaled getting millions of more dollars and fame (what is exactly the case for mlb)... dont you think it would be a no brainer?
i'm willing to bet 95% of baseball players took the drugs at least once over their careers.
this is actually a joke, this whole steroid talk... why are people so freaked out and surprised?
steriods, if taken properly and controlled are safe. broadway performers take it to strengthen their vocal chords and makes sure they can belt out the high notes... omigosh!!!!!!
they all do it america, deal with it... theres nothing you can do.
We as a society have an obsession with two extremes: anorexia and bigorexia. For males bigorexia seems common. Anorexia for females.
To be fair even if he hit less longball, ARod would still be one of the league's best. But you could say the same for Barry's career
Baseball's a mess. Between this and the horrible uncapped league system that's going to murder smaller teams in this recession, it's just a mess
but its just that everyone is so surprised about it that i find funny.
Sure, if it turns out to be true, it's disappointing, but the guy's still one of the best raw baseball talents I have ever seen.
1. 95% of MLB athletes have NOT taken Steroids. Not everyone is of weak character.
2. Using drugs to gain an advantage is terrible. At the end of the day, what you do to your body is your own business, but in official competition, where it's banned, it's simply cheating, and it isn't anything more than poor charactor and disrespect for both the game you play and it's competitors.
I know there's pressure to be the best, but thats the problem with our society, people aren't able to accept defeat or failure, its way easier to take an easy route and suceed, no matter what the cost.
I'm happy A-Rod is going down, couldn't happen to a nicer guy.
There's where he was juicing.
Steriods didn't help him overcome being the most overpaid choker and poorest loser in all of professional sports, so whatever.
My problem with this is just the overall lying of it. Just be honest with yourself and get it over with.
It all started with Rafael Palmeiro saying, "I have never taken Steroids in my life." And then, you have Big Mac pleading the 5th ammendment. It was ridiculous and then they (Palmeiro) gets caught. They created a culture of denial, every single one of these guys, and now they have to deal with it.
It's pathetic in all honestly.
Its old news + if he took roids, why does he still run fast?? o_O
Maybe a MLB drug test bug :D
Anyway, yeah Claudius, I'm with you on that. Just come out and say it already. Andy Pettite had it right and even Giambi with his pseudo confession was better than this garbage.
I wonder what all the people who wanted him to break Bonds' HR record are going to say now? Who can they turn to now for salvation? Griffey's body won't let him play more than a couple more years...
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text:
[continued from "Shadow"]
Carl Jung cautions us that we should be careful of where we point fingers, because we are exposing more about ourselves than we are about the target we are pointing at. Jung describes our finger-pointing behavior, as "projection." He observes that we project onto others those suppressed skeletons we harbor within our own dark side. An example would be a fundamentalist preacher who points his finger at an adulterer and judges the sinner as an evil doer. The preacher is projecting his own covetous desires, which rise up from his shadow to sit in judgement of the sinner.
Projection is the transference of our suppressed shadow elements upon another person. When we see another person acting out a behavior or attitude that we disapprove of, it can actually be our own unwelcome shadow peaking out from our dark closet deep within our psyche.
With the "shadow" and "projection" in mind we can analyze the source of the criticism dumped upon The Donald. Some of the common criticisms that are hurled at him are:
When I call The Donald "uncouth," am I actually projecting my own uncouth, name-bashing behavior which I suppress, yet manifest, when judging others, at the same time judging myself as the pristine angel I am?
To label The Donald a "mud-slinger" is to project my shadow, which I attempt to deny, of bad-mouthing anyone and everyone in order to make me look better and feel superior to those trash-talkers.
When I criticize The Donald for "seeking out the spotlight" do I project onto him my own shadow desire to escape from the dark corner I have keep myself in all my life?
What about when The Donald blurts out some word or phrase that is not politically correct? My criticism of him bubbles up from my own shadow, where I resent being told to use politically correct words, but am too indoctrinated by today's GroupThink to challenge it.
How many times have politicians and media thugs screamed for The Donald to apologize for some word he used? Watch for those who protest the most. The projection of their shadows is yelling even louder to expose their own deep rooted shame for debasing words they have hurled at friends and foes.
Through this process of exposing the shadow and projecting our shadow upon others, American voters have arrived in a place where Donald Trump has become the target for a mass shadow projection. A commonly shared shadow has arisen. The mass media became immediately preoccupied with the Donald Trump as soon as he burst forth on the political scene as a candidate for president of the United States of America. First the mass media released its own corporate shadow upon the outsider, billionaire, TV star, branded, independent, successful, business man.
The media's shadow is bound up by a set of beliefs which include these shadow elements: control the agenda, control the message, adhere to acceptable GroupThink, demand adulation, arbitrator of what is news, self defined status as ultimate authority, and corporate voice of acceptable thought and behavior.
Projected onto The Donald the media's shadow defines and explains the spin, the subterfuge, and the lies, which are reflected in the media's coverage of Donald Trump. The Donald phenomenon challenges the media's self-declared position atop the regal thrown.
The media's shadow envelopes Donald Trump's campaign in an aura of mistrust, outrage, and scorn and it clashes against the public's shadow, which projects a contrary psyche from its unconscious. The public relishes The Donald's independence from the establishment, from the media and from the oppressive rule of the federal government. No more business as usual. A breath of fresh air. A contrast to failed policies. A counterpoint to MindThink and political correctness. A resurrection of common sense.
Jung urges patients to embrace their shadow. Recognize that it is an integral part of the whole persona. Acknowledge its presence and its power. Work at becoming familiar with the dark side. Jung advises that healing and recovery can come about, not by rejecting the shadow within, but by holding the shadow within the cup of one's hands.
In summary, The Donald has become a target, a punching bag, a David and Goliath wrapped into one, a holy grail, a saint, a demon, a light on a hill. He is a blank screen upon which each person can project his or her own movie.
When the observer claims that "The Donald is this," or "The Donald is that," what one is really saying is that "I am this," or "I am that."
Keep in mind that, when you hear your words coming out of you mouth, it may be your shadow talking.
The End
[back to beginning of "Shadow"]


text:
Hugh Jackman has paid tribute to Hollywood mogul Greg Coote, who died on Friday (27Jun14).
The Australian producer was the former chairman of studios Dune Entertainment and Village Roadshow and helped co-finance more than 60 movies including James Cameron's fantasy epic Avatar and sci-fi franchise The Matrix.
He passed away in Los Angeles on Friday aged 72 after a battle with cancer.
Jackman expressed his sadness in a post on Twitter.com, writing, "We have lost a pillar of our industry, and a huge supporter of Aussie film. RIP Greg Cotte (sic). You will be sorely missed."


text:
Personalized medicine is the ability to select a biologic target and direct therapy against this target. It is associated with improved outcomes in a number of tumor types. The most startling was the development of Gleevec which targets CKit in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The field has since grown by leaps and bounds. We are making progress in mesothelioma, too.
An example of what I'm talking about is displayed in the presentation made by one of our grant recipients, Liang-Chuan (Steve) Wang, Ph.D., at our International Symposium on Malignant Mesothelioma.
In his presentation of his Foundation-funded grant, Dr. Wang and his colleagues at UPenn identified a gene that may be responsible for chemotherapy resistance in mesothelioma patients to Pemetrexed (Alimta) and cisplatin. As per Dr. Wang, this may identify a group of patients who may need higher doses or longer duration of therapy or perhaps should be encouraged to try new drugs. This is step one and Dr. Wang has assured us that he will continue to work on the concept and in the future hopes that it will lead to a clinical trial.
Another example is the work currently underway to exploit mesothelin as a target and way into the malignant cell. Many of you have met patients at our symposium who have benefited from some of these trials and I remain excited and committed to stewarding patients through the clinical trials system to ensure that they know of all opportunities to participate in cutting edge research. Please take a moment to visit the research section on our website to see how the Meso Foundation has funded grants that have laid the groundwork upon which much of what you read about in mesothelioma news has been built upon.
To further advance our ability to get to the point of personalized medicine the Foundation will continue to foster communication among clinician, basic scientists, pathologists and members of biotech and pharmaceutical companies to disseminate information, as well as fund the work that will take us to the next level. Early on, we partnered with Dr. Mike Becich to ensure that the Mesothelioma Virtual Tissue Bank became a reality and we are proud to say that our efforts have paid off. Mesothelioma researchers now have access to mesothelioma tissue to conduct their experiments and further their scientific endeavors.


text:
Citi® Double Cash Card – 18 month BT offer
- Earn 2% cash back on purchases: 1% when you buy plus 1% as you pay
- Balance Transfers do not earn cash back
- 0% Intro APR on Balance Transfers for 18 months. After that, the variable APR will be 15.24% - 25.24% based on your creditworthiness*
- Click 'Apply Now' to see the applicable balance transfer fee and how making a balance transfer impacts interest on purchases
- No categories to track, no caps on cash back, no annual fee*
*For complete information, see the terms and conditions on the credit card issuer's website. Once you click apply for this card, you will be directed to the issuer's website where you may review the terms and conditions of the card before applying. While Credit.com always strives to present the most accurate information, we show a summary to help you choose a product, not the full legal terms - and before applying you should understand the full terms of products as stated by the issuer itself.
†Advertiser Disclosure: The credit card offers that appear on the website are from credit card companies which Credit.com receives compensation. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site (including, for example, the order in which they appear). The site does not include all credit card companies or all available credit card offers.


text:
Responding to a tip about a stolen tractor trailer and drug use, Lexington County authorities raided a Swansea home on Bud Wise Road on Friday, seized what they said was a methamphetamine lab and arrested three women, Sheriff James Metts said in a news release.
The meth lab was set up in a stolen tractor trailer that was found parked on the property, Metts said.
Danielle Marie Smoak, 35, who lived there, and Misty Dawn Rollison, 27, of St. George, SC, were charged with operating a methamphetamine lab. Ruby Letitia Williamson, 41, who also lived at the Bud Wise Road house, was charged with receiving stolen goods and possessing methamphetamine.
All three women were being held at the Lexington County Detention Center Saturday night awaiting a bond hearing.


text:
Creativity in all it's forms is a mystery and a wonder. Although making photographs is my primary creative love and passion, in my previous artistic life I was a writer. I was an actor. I've dabble--with varying degrees of success--with music (the apex of which was playing tin whistle in an Irish rock band on the stage of Chicago's Vic Theater for St. Patrick's Day). And I truly feel that my enjoyment of cooking flows from all the creative possibilities that food provides.
I've learned that creativity cannot be pigeon-holed into one discipline or endeavor. It flows through all aspects of our life. It doesn't come to us in tightly defined boxes ("first, I'll be creative in writing, then when that's over, I'll be creative in photography, and when that's completed I'll be creative in cooking"). Instead of vying for our attention, all aspects of our creative life not only play well together, they enhance each other.
Recently, while combing through my hard drive for a particular file, I came across a biographical piece I wrote for a writing website I used to administer several years ago. As I read it, the hairs on my arms stood on end and my lips curled in a smile. Instant epiphany. My philosophy of writing sounded so familiar. In fact, it sounded nearly identical to my photographer's artist's statement. I realized that my fascination for the overlooked moments in life didn't just start with making pictures of them: I was also very interested in writing about them. There is something so very comforting in this realization from an artist's standpoint: I have a focus, a direction. And it's been there for a long, long time.
I participated in a workshop a while back where we were given an assignment: think about creativity. Specifically, answer these three questions about creativity:
I found this exercise deceptive in it's simplicity. At first, I figured it would be just some quick answers: a few ham-handed words and done. But the more I mulled over these three questions, the more expansive my answers became. I found that as I wrote, my thoughts came faster and faster, bumping into each other before my sluggish hands could get them out. My answers took on a life of their own. I was in the moment. I was in the "flow." And when I came back to my sense, here's what I had:
In your own words, define creativity.
Creativity is the ability to access the inaccessible portions of our consciousness and to synthesize seemingly unrelated concepts/constructs/ideas into something new and cohesive, causing our new creation to have a meaning which is greater than the sum of it's parts.
Where does it come from?
Creativity originates in that elusive center of sentience. It comes from one's awareness of the world (existence) and one's place within it (individuality). Once this awareness is manifest, creativity is born of the fundamental drive to fashion meaning and order out of the myriad dissociative moments and events that make up that world every day. It springs from the desire to not only shape the world, but also to change it in a unique and meaningful way. It is no wonder that when humans invent myths and religions, one of the most important duties of the deity is that of creation.
How does it work?
Creativity works by allowing us to see in a way that exists outside of reality. If we think about it, being a creative means dancing upon that spider web of a line between sanity and madness. For instance, taken at its very basic nature, inventing stories is tantamount to imagining a world that doesn't exist...and then saying it does. In some circles, one might be called "crazy" for saying such a thing.
But how do we see in such a way? How does creativity allow us dance upon that web? In all it's mystery, creativity works by granting us access to the part of our being/essence/mind/spirit (insert your metaphysical construct of choice here) which is normally inaccessible: the part of us that holds the ability to conceive beyond mundane perception.
So there it is. Your results may vary.
(1) January (1) (3) February (3) (1) March (1) (2) April (2) (3) May (3) (1) June (1) July (1) August (1) (1) September (1) (4) October (4) (1) November (1) (3) December (3)
January February March April (2) May (2) June July (1) August (1) September October November December
January February March April May June July August September October November December
January February March April May June July August September October November (3) December (3)
(7) January (7) February March April May June July August September October November December
January February March April May June July August September October November December


text:
August 19, 2005
Verdict could be issued today in first Vioxx court case
Jurors in the nation's first Vioxx-related civil trial began their second day of deliberations today.
The case concerns the death of a Texas man who took the drug for eight months.
A decision in the case could come as early as this afternoon.


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We Offer Finsbury Cleaners Rates for all Budgets!
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"You only sing when you're... scratching?!"
'A Stadium Hopper is any fan who has a passion for their sport and the stadia that houses it, wherever they are in the world and whatever they go to watch'
Tromsø Trip 2018
Our first trip of 2018 will give you the opportunity to join Stadium Hoppers to play and watch at arguably the most beautifully situated pitch in the world.


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The weak human cannot remove the boulder, but the strong man, after saving himself, will likely remove the boulder for the weak man and save him, therefore allowing the small man too reproduce as well,
Originally posted by Off_The_Street
It is certainly not that way in the United States, and has not been that way for almost seventy years. Here, the smartest people are actually held back by having their property taken away, while the weakest are given incentives to stay weak by having free food, housing, and incentives to reproduce and make more weak people.
Try to compare the number of children born to smart and strong people against the number of kids born to poor and weak people; the correlation is not a happy one.


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6 New Uses For High Visibility VestsJune 18, 2018 No Comments
Those bright yellow and orange high visibility vests aren't just for roadway construction crews any more. I'm seeing them worn all over the place in business and industry these days. Employers have discovered that in certain high hazard work areas, it's a good idea to have employees wear high visibility vests to provide an extra measure of protection.
Below is a listing of six situations that I feel require the wearing of high visibility vests:
- All new production employees should be required to wear safety vests. I successfully implemented such a policy at two different companies. We required new employees to wear the safety vests during the first 30 calendar days that they worked for the company. Management did not have to enforce this policy, because the experienced employees came to believe in the policy so strongly that they enforced the rule themselves!
- Certain handicapped or disabled production employees should be required to wear safety vests. At one company I worked for we had some factory employees who were deaf. The area where they worked was extremely dangerous. If an imminent danger were to occur, the deaf workers could not hear the warning shout, the alarm, or the horn. We required the deaf employees to wear high visibility vests. The other workers would watch out for the vest wearing deaf workers and give them an extra wide berth when working near them.
- All employees who work in areas where there are inside powered industrial vehicles should be required to wear safety vests. One company I worked for had a factory in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Here, the provincial safety regulations require that employees who work in a warehouse (or in any area where fork trucks operate) wear a high visibility vest.
- All employees who work outside the building in an area where moving vehicles are present should be required to wear safety vests. This would apply to: grocery store shopping cart retrievers, parking attendants, car dealership sales-persons, airport curbside attendants, and yard workers who load trucks or move outside inventory.
- All plant visitors should be required to wear safety vests. This would include: accountants doing inventory, customers, contractors, office employees who travel through production areas, and vendors (even the guy who fills the pop machine).
- Accident repeaters should be required to wear safety vests. First, you need to define who is an accident repeater. For example, anyone with two or more recordable injury accidents in the preceding 24 month period. The repeater should wear the vest until their record improves to the point where they no longer qualify as an accident repeater.
Amazon.com sells over 1,400 different types of safety vests. Many cost less than $10! To order, just click on the below Amazon ad and do a search using the words "high visibility safety vest".
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Talentless hackery at new heights
Yeah, so I told Adam Weinstein that I hated his lying ass when he "friended" me on Facebook, and that it would blow up in his face someday. It only took a few weeks for him to get his eyebrows singed. He posted this shit that he wrote as Mother Jones' "national security writer" this morning;
Weinstein perpetuates the lie that we've talked about several times that the proof that the military supports Ron Paul because more people who identify themselves as members of the military give money to Paul than any other candidate. That's complete horseshit, because any goober off of the street can give money to the Paul campaign can identify themselves as members of the military on the form. Given the history of Paulians and their internet tomfoolery, I wouldn't put it past them to have an organized effort to do just that in this case.
Weinstein goes on to "report" that the reason most members of the military support Paul is because they're anti-war…and who does he interview to prove that point? Adam Kokesh of IVAW and Jake Diliberto of Rethink Afghanistan – both of them are anti-war, always have been since they found a political niche for themselves.
And Weinstein's proof for military support of Paul was the "Veterans for Ron Paul" rally from this past weekend that I attended. As I reported, there were less than a thousand people at the rally, then the group weeded out veterans from non-veterans for their march on the White House and had barely 500. I didn't see Weinstein write about the actual numbers. So out of millions of veterans in this country, because 500 showed up, we're all Ron Paul supporters. Fuck you, Adam.
Then Weinstein makes the most egregious statement of all;
Soldiers tend to see Paul as understanding the pressures they face better than the other candidates because he's the only one in the group who served in uniform, as a flight surgeon in the Air Force and Air National Guard during the Vietnam era. The libertarian's service gives him "street cred," Kwiatkowski noted.
Yeah, with my two decades of service in the infantry, the person who knows me best is the Air Force OB/GYN. I don't even think Adam, a Navy veteran, can identify with me. But mostly because he's a lying, talentless hack.
Yeah, we all know that the media wants Ron Paul to be the Republican candidate because he can never win against Obama, but Paul is a racist crackpot and his followers are even more crackpottish. To throw members of the military involuntarily into that clown car ride is beyond the pale.
UPDATE: By the way , be sure to read the comments at the article. Supposedly because you all support Ron Paul it's proof that you're all racists. Did I say "Fuck you, Adam" already?
Category: Ron Paul


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(Alexandria, VA) -- As Barack Obama takes office amid promises to bring change to Washington, one thing remains the same: a generous retirement package for ex-Presidents, including a pension that could eventually total $5.6 million for outgoing Chief Executive George W. Bush. The estimates were calculated by the nonpartisan National Taxpayers Union (NTU), a 362,000-member taxpayer group that has a long history of accurate Congressional and Presidential pension calculations.
NTU Vice President for Policy and Communications Pete Sepp observed, "What started as a modest system to help Harry Truman answer his mail has become a millionaires' club for ex-Presidents, and taxpayers are the ones covering the dues. The 50-year-old benefit structure Congress provided should be adjusted to reflect the reality of modern politics and economics."
NTU calculates that George W. Bush will draw a Presidential pension that will start at $196,700 per year, and would add up to $5.56 million over his lifetime, should he live to be 83.5 years old, the age predicted by actuarial tables for a male born in his year. All former Presidents receive a pension for life immediately upon leaving office, linked to the current salary of Cabinet Members (which often rises).
Dick Cheney's service as a Representative and Vice President (presiding officer of the Senate) would count toward a pension under Congressional rules, which are more generous than those that apply to most other federal employees. His service in other various Executive Branch posts is calculated under a different formula. All told, Cheney's career in government entitles him to an estimated pension equivalent to $132,451 per year (which is regularly adjusted for the cost of living). According to his predicted life expectancy (84.4), Cheney could accumulate an inflation-compensated lifetime retirement benefit of $3.24 million.
The calculations do not include Cheney's savings, if any, in the tax-deferred federal Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), which is similar to a private-sector 401(k) plan. Though most federal employees can take advantage of this benefit, only those enrolled in the newer of the two pension plans covering the bulk of federal workers can receive a generous "employer match" from the government for TSP contributions they make. NTU assumed that Cheney did not qualify for the government match, meaning that he would only be allowed to contribute up to 9 percent of his own salary to the TSP.
Bush's potential lifetime payout would, according to NTU's analysis, be second only to Bill Clinton's $6.97 million projected lifetime benefit. Although Clinton's life expectancy is nearly the same as Bush's, Clinton has had an eight-year "head start" during which he has collected roughly $1.4 million. Based on their estimated life expectancies, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter could be in line for $4.20 million and $5.38 million, respectively. Owing to their long federal service, high salaries, and other factors, both Cheney and his predecessor, Al Gore, can likewise enjoy large pensions.
In 2001, NTU estimated that Gore's initial pension would equal $94,810. With cost of living adjustments, his 2009 benefit would have risen to $120,378.
Under the Former Presidents Act of 1958 and subsequent revisions or interpretations, ex-Chief Executives also receive staff, travel, mail, and office expense reimbursements that ranged from $518,300 (Carter) to $1.16 million (Clinton) apiece for Fiscal Year 2008. Although the General Services Administration (GSA) oversees these funds, only a few basic restrictions on their use apply. Secret Service protection costs are not reported, but are rumored to run into the high millions.
According to the GSA, George W. Bush's permanent office space in Dallas, TX will carry an annual leasing cost of nearly $312,000. Compared to Fiscal Year 2008 rent allocations for other ex-Presidents, this amount would be nearly twice that paid for George H.W. Bush's office space ($175,000), but still lower than Bill Clinton's $516,000 rental tab (Carter came in lowest at $102,000).
An August 2008 report from the Congressional Research Service noted that the idea of providing pensions to former Presidents first surfaced in Congress in 1912, but did not gain traction until the 1950s. Even in the year the Former Presidents Act passed, 1958, seven Members of the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee (which had jurisdiction over such legislation) opposed the bill's "unprecedented vagueness" and warned of its "wide and dangerous loopholes." Several attempts have been made in Congress to curtail Presidential retirement benefits, the last one being a five-year limit on office allowances that was enacted in 1993. The limit was repealed in 1997.
NTU has called for reforms in both the Congressional and Presidential retirement systems, such as substituting a 401(k)-style plan for the pension benefit, setting time limits on office expenses, establishing a minimum retirement age for former Presidents, or scaling back the Congressional pension benefit formula to that offered to most other federal employees.
Congressional pensions are typically two to three times more generous than those in the private sector and even more generous than pensions for most federal workers. Plus, the Congressional benefit is protected from inflation with Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs), a feature that less than one in 10 private plans offer. Also, Members of Congress enjoy a much lower retirement age with full benefits than private sector employees and Social Security beneficiaries. The Members paid up to 8 percent of their salaries into the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), in which Cheney could have participated. But this covers just a small portion of the benefits (about 20 percent).
NTU computes the pension benefit estimates based on public records concerning length of federal service, age at the time of retirement, life expectancy based on standard mortality tables used by the life insurance industry, and COLAs estimated at 4 percent a year (3.5 percent for ex-Presidents), similar to estimates used by federal actuaries. It is possible, though unlikely, that Dick Cheney has declined coverage in the Congressional retirement system since participation is voluntary.
"Lawmakers who passed the Former Presidents Act could not have foreseen the millions of dollars that former Chief Executives can make in private life, or the millions that taxpayers continue to shell out every year for ex-Presidents," Sepp concluded. "It's up to today's public officials to reform this tax-funded system, and respect the hard-working people who are struggling to pay their own bills as well as the government's bills."
NTU is a nonprofit, nonpartisan citizen organization founded in 1969 to work for lower taxes, smaller government, and more accountability from elected officials at all levels. Note: For more information, visit www.ntu.org.


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Quick Reference
One of two types of yoga outlined in Patañjali's Yoga Sūtra (2.28–55; 3.1–8), and associated by some with Patañjali himself. The eight limbs are divided between 'outer' (bahir-aṅga) and 'inner' (antar-aṅga). The outer limbs are yama (restraint, ethics), niyama (self-discipline), āsana (posture), prāṇāyāma (control of the vital breath), and pratyāhāra (withdrawal of the senses). These are considered prerequisites for the more advanced inner limbs: dhāraṇā (concentration), dhyāna (meditation), and samādhi (absorbed concentration). See also kriyā-yoga.
From: aṣṭāṅga-yoga in A Dictionary of Hinduism »
Subjects: Hinduism.
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More than 90 works of art, from paintings by Old Masters to ceramics and pieces of furniture, were sold this week in Amsterdam. All the works belonged to one Dutch family, the Gutmann's, and were stolen by the Nazis during World War II. But it was many years after the war before the Gutmann family was able to regain possession of the works. Lauren Comiteau spoke with Lili Gutmann about her family's struggle to reclaim the artwork, much of which never left Holland.
As she walks through the Christie's auction house in Amsterdam, Lili Gutmann shows a visitor the objects that once decorated her family's home in Heemstede, a wealthy village outside Amsterdam. She stops before a late 18th century Italian settee.
"Well, you have heard the story of this... it is rather amusing, this story. When we first came last year to see all these things which had been given back to us, this piece, which was on the list, was missing," she said.
Up until last year, she says, nobody could find this piece. Suddenly, the Dutch located it in a very public place.
"It was standing in the Castle Het Loo, one of the Dutch Royal palaces," explained Lili Gutmann. "You can take the photo from the catalogue and there you see it standing. And this morning, I wanted to go and sit there and they said no do not sit on it because the leg is not in very good condition. I said, 'But if Queens Whilemina and Queen Julianna sat there, maybe I can sit, too.' They said it is not safe."
All these year later, Lili Gutmann can laugh. But the story of how the family furniture ended up in a Dutch palace museum is anything but funny, or even unique.
During World War II, Lili's father was forced to sell some of the family's collection to the Nazis; other pieces were simply taken. Both of her parents were later killed in concentration camps. After the war, Lili and her brother, Bernard, returned to their house. It was empty. They registered their losses with the Dutch government, which had the job of returning all looted art found by allied forces at the end of the war.
It took three Dutch commissions and about 50 more years of legal battles and bureaucratic wrangling before the family learned it was getting back more than 200 items, all held by the Dutch government since 1945.
"We have struggled for so long and the story is like a story without end," said Lili Gutmann. "It never ends. And I do not think it has ended yet."
Right after the war, the Dutch government refused to return anything the Gutmann's sold to the Nazis, saying the sales were voluntary. But a 1952 court case sided with the Gutmann's, recognizing the sales were forced. The Gutmann's were then told they had to buy back their own property from the Dutch, since their father received money for it. In fact, he never did.
While Lili and her brother, Bernard, got back some items, they could not afford the rest. After her brother died in 1994, his sons took up the fight.
Bernard's son, Nick Goodman, applauds a recent change in Dutch policy that allows for restitution, as well as the government's admission that its past policies were callous, cold and unjust. But it was only last year that the Gutmanns learned they would be getting back their property, and Nick Goodman says his aunt Lili was horrified when she learned that the Dutch had her family's collections on display in their most prominent museums all along.
"But with silver pieces, which are completely unique and enormously famous, the Rijks museum knew that they belonged to Gutmann family and yet they have had them since after the war," he said. "We are talking nearly 60 years, 50 years, more. They have had them on display in the Rijks museum and never said anything to us, to the family."
Mr. Goodman says one of the family's silver pieces was even listed as a highlight in the museum's catalogue. The auction, he says, will provide a small bit of closure. But both he and his aunt say there will never be justice.
"No, that could never be done," said Lili Gutmann. "That is something that nothing on earth could ever, how should I say, make things right. In a way one feels maybe they think that if there is something above us, my parents may be watching, yes, it is a good thing for the children, but the things that were done to them, no, no, no."
Nick Goodman says you can not get the people back, but getting the possessions means a lot. The Gutmann's made more than 950,000 euros, more than $1 million, from the sale of theirs. They plan to divide the proceeds among the family.
As for the settee, Christie's experts were hoping the Palace museum would bid for it, finally becoming the rightful owner of the piece it displayed for years. But in the end, it did not, so the piece is headed back to Italy, where it originally came from, to become part of a different family's private collection. It fetched more than $15,000 on the open market.


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Beautiful lot in a wonderful location, close to I-94. Mature trees, perked for a mound system. An affordable way to build in the Lake Mills school system.
Features Vacant Land
|1 Story SqFt Min: 0
|2 Story SqFt Min: 0
|2 Story 1st Flr SqFt Min: 0
|Topography: Sloped, Wooded
|Body of Water:
|Taxes: $827
|Tax Year: 2017
|Lot Size:
|Est Acreage: 1.92
|School District: Lake Mills Area
|High School: Lake Mills
|Middle School: Lake Mills
|Elementary School: Lake Mills
|Zoning: Res
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Our oldest daughter Jennifer, who studies cultural anthropology at Arizona State University, came home with passes to a new movie the other night — a Disruptive Pictures film called "U.N. Me" that's written, directed and produced by Ami Horowitz and Matthew Groff.
It's billed as an expose of corruption and incompetence within an international organization meant to promote world peace and universal human rights. As most folks know, the U.N. was founded in 1942.
The topic holds special interest for our family since Jennifer has long dreamed of working with the U.N. Our kids first learned of the U.N. during grade school, while participating in the Trick-or-Treat for Unicef program.
Watching something so scathing was downright depressing. Unlike other films tackling tough issues such as failings in education, health care inequities, climate change and bullying, this movie left me feeling numb instead of moved to action.
I remember seeing "Bully" and wondering why such a significant portion of the film followed the advocacy of those whose lives were touched in tragic ways. Wasn't it obvious that those who recognized the problem would be moved to act?
The wisdom of "Bully" filmmakers Lee Hirsch and Cynthia Lowen grows more evident as the credits for "U.N. Me" roll. Viewers see a single sentence directing them to make a difference by visiting the movie's website, but there's little reassurance that taking individual action can effect change.
"An Inconvenient Truth," a film directed by David Guggenheim that explored Al Gore's concerns about human contributions to global climate change, left me feeling a lot more empowered thanks to practical tips shared near the end of the film.
Plenty of folks who see "U.N. Me" — including those who embrace its premises — will never visit the film's website. But there's plenty they can do in their daily lives to fight violations of human rights. Arizona offers plenty of examples.
"U.N. Me" follows Horowitz as he talks with people from various nations who have current or former U.N. ties, plus experts in areas such as genocide and nuclear proliferation. Nobel laureate Jody Williams is the most compelling by far.
I'm not wild about the flippant approach Horowitz takes during the film. His comedic forays distract from the deadly serious subject matter. And having spent more than a decade in investment banking, Horowitz will strike many among "the 99%" as an unlikely prophet for all things pure and good.
It'll be too easy for those who oppose the U.N., especially those who do so for political gain, to use this film to indict every U.N. program and person affiliated with the organization. Or to walk away from the personal responsibility each of us bears for two words at the heart of the film — never again.
— Lynn
Note: "U.N. Me" is currently showing at Harkins Shea 14 Theatre in Scottsale
Coming up: Remembering Anne Frank, Student art meets Arizona history


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It is an architectural masterpiece. Much of it was built from dismantled European estates that were shipped to America in the 1920's or cast directly on the property . It sits on 13 old-growth acres and is located in the Rumson/Red Bank/Middletown, NJ area..
This 4 bedroom, 3 bath house features a 50 ft.-long living room, 3 private walled-in gardens, a wine cellar, finished basement and 14-ft ceiling library/family room.
Authentic French Norman-style buildings are surrounded by fountains, and livestock filled pastures. A classical-style pool and cabanas overlook rolling lawns bordered by Greco-Roman statues imported here from Europe.
Built by the Straus family,of the Macy's department store dynasty, Cobble Close was a "gentleman's farm" and part of a massive 143 acre estate that was broken up and sold in 1949. Today the French dairy complex is divided into four separate, private luxury homes . It is the only co-op of its type on the East Coast, and properties here rarely come on the market.
The estate abuts the Navesink Country Club and is a short 45 minutes from Manhattan (and less than 10 minutes to the beach). Miles of horse trails, stables and woodlands surround the compound where 18th century farm houses abound.
The property is 'farm accessed' so property taxes are low at $11,000 annually for this house alone.
This stunning estate must be seen to be fully appreciated.
The Property is located at: 310 Cooper Road, Red Bank, NJ 07701
Contact: Jeff Mindham at: 732.996.7944, [email protected]
Link to additional photos
Cobble Close Farm in Middletown on the Market
Press releases can be accessed under the "Contact" button above.