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An umbrella term often treated as synonymous with new media or computer-mediated communication. A distinction can be made between media which are based on encoded physical qualities such as light or sound waves through the re-encoding of analogue information (e.g. with digital cameras or digital sound equipment), and media which are based on the re-encoding of previously encoded cultural forms such as such as writing, mathematics, linear perspective, or the Cartesian coordinate system that is used to represent physical space in virtual reality applications.
Subjects: Media Studies — Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art.
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In addition, alcohol, aspirin, chloramphenicol, cholestyramine, cimetidine, clofibrate, cortisone, dicumarol, doxepin, fenfluramine, gemfibrozil, hydrochlorothiazide, oxytetracycline, phenelzine, phenylbutazone, propanolol and sulphamethizole may interact with any oral hypoglycaemics to cause severe adverse effects (AMA Drug Evaluations, Chicago: AMA, 1991).
For example, Diabetes UK says that metformin taken with alcohol or a sulphonylurea could trigger a 'hypo'). They also say that thiazolidinediones should only be used in combination with either a sulphonylurea or metformin, and should not be used on their own to avoid the possibility of liver damage. And as with metformin, acarbose (Glucobay, the only one in the UK), a gut maltase inhibitor, can bring on 'hypos' if taken with a sulphonylurea.
Your doctor may also try different combinations and doses of diabetes pills if it's thought that one of them alone cannot control your blood glucose level well enough.
Unlike insulin and pills, however, a diet carries no risk of low blood sugar or any other serious complications. Oral hypoglycaemics should therefore only be used by type 2 diabetics whose blood sugar is not controlled by diet alone and who cannot inject insulin.
If you do take a diabetes pill, you should make sure that you are taking the safest one possible. However, to prevent doctors from being tempted to follow a 'treatment of laziness'prescribing tablets if they think it's going to be too difficult for you to change your dietary habits or lifestyle you've got to become your own expert. Effective diabetes control hinges on your ability to manage the disease yourself.
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Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, may I ask a question?
Baroness Chalker of Wallasey: No, my Lords. We shall further develop the subsidiarity principle and strengthen the role that national Parliaments can play alongside the councils and the European Parliament. Another priority is to continue the work, as I mentioned earlier, against the mismanagement that has taken place in the Community budget. Therefore, there is much work to be done and much support for the British approach. There is no great pressure for new Community competences, and there is no plot to collapse the pillared structure of the treaty. We shall not be waiting fearfully to see what others may throw at us. We shall be where we should be: at the heart of Europe, shaping the agenda.
In conclusion, the nations of Europe are here to stay. People are rightly proud of their nationhood, their history, their languages, their culture, their traditions and their heritage. The sense of national identity reflects deep feelings which governments ignore at their peril. As I believe the right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Sheffield said, nationhood can slide all too easily into yobbish nationalismor, at least, extreme nationalisminto xenophobia and hatred.
Twice this century European rivalries have plunged the world into war. We never want to see that happen again. It is not just a truism: it is truly right that the European Union has been central to the stability and the prosperity which western Europe has enjoyed for the past 50 years. It certainly provides a framework which goes well beyond international co-operation. Nations can and will continue to pursue their interests, but enlightened self-interest demands a level of regional co-operation which was never imagined by our forebears. No longer do the nations of Europe protect their markets at the first hint of recession; no longer are they free to subsidise their companies at will.
Similarly, it is not just a question of prosperity. The European Union as a pole of stability in Europe, has buttressed democracy in Spain, Portugal and Greece when those countries emerged from dictatorship. It also provided a framework for peaceful unification in Germany. Now it is, again, proving its value for the democracies that are emerging after the collapse of the Soviet Union. For all its faults, the European Union, with NATO, is a sure foundation for peace in our continent. It is the basis upon which we must continue to build.
Perhaps I may return to the Motion tabled in the name of the noble Lord, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead, who was himself a much respected President of the European Commission. The Motion calls attention,
I should emphasise that it will, indeed, be an Inter-Governmental Conference; it is not an initiative of the Commission and it is not a report to the European Parliament. It will be a conference between the member governments of the Union to review the treaty. Each government must decide what, if anything, they wish to propose by way of treaty change to their own national Parliaments. I can assure noble Lords that Britain will approach the IGC in a positive spirit. As my right honourable friend the Prime Minister said in another place last week:
They will be ideas to develop and improve the Union, not for the convenience of its public servants nor for the glory of its politicians; but for the sake of all the people of Europe.
Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, before my noble friend sits down
Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, the procedure of the House is well known to all of us
Lord Strathclyde: My Lords, my noble friend Lady Chalker has sat down. My noble friend Lord Harmar-Nicholls tried to intervene during the course of my noble friend's speech; but she chose, because of the time limit, not to allow such an intervention. That permitted my noble friend to answer many of the questions posed by speakers in today's debate. As I said, my noble friend has now sat down, and the noble Lord, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead, will now reply.
Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, is the acting Leader of the House
Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, is the acting Leader of the House seeking to change the customs of this Chamber? It is accepted that the intervention I want to make is a proper one. I wanted to ask my noble friend
Lord Harmar-Nicholls: My Lords, if there is a conflict between the application of Maastricht and the application of the Treaty of Rome, which treaty is the superior one?
Lord Jenkins of Hillhead: My Lords, I am not a great believer in a second speech from the same person on the same subject on the same day. Therefore, my comments will be very brief. Also I suspect that noble Lords may be beginning to prefer the thought of the first course of their dinner to a second course from me. I thank noble Lords who have participated in the debate which has been a worthwhile one and has struck a new and slightly more constructive note in our European debates than we have heard recently.
For me, the debate would almost have been worthwhile alone for the speech of the right reverend prelate the Bishop of Sheffield in theif I may put it this waycatholicity and generosity of his historical and geographical sweep. He made me almost feel I was listening to an address from John Henry Newman.
Lord Jenkins of Hillhead: My Lords, I will not say at which phase in the career of that distinguished Anglican who became a cardinal. I turn to comment, possibly a shade less generous, about the noble Lord, Lord Pearson. When he was speaking I was reminded of the Manifesto of the Three Tailors issued early in the 19th century which began, "We, the people of England". I thought his doctrine that those who had any experience of these matters and who had been concerned with any political or administrative matters should not speak on them, was interesting and novel. It would certainly leave a good deal more space for him to speak in this House, and we might hear him very frequently in those circumstances.
Lord Pearson of Rannoch: My Lords, may I
Lord Jenkins of Hillhead: My Lords, the noble Lord, Lord McIntosh of Haringey, was worried that I was deserting party politics. Parties have their place, but they can get above themselves. Some of the puerility of party politics in this country has done a good deal of harm to our handling of the European issue. The noble Lord rebuked my noble friend Lord Thomson and myself most mightily for not having set out in detail the Liberal Democrat programme. He then spent a good deal of time doing that; and then, at the end, said he had not left himself enough time to set out the Labour programme. However, we are all subject to time factors.
I now turn to the Minister. She is, as always, the acceptable face of Toryism. I thank her for her speech this evening. There were parts of it which I preferred to other parts; but what I thought was the caseand I cannot say better than thiswas that the parts of it I preferred were those which she prepared more herself and had her personal conviction behind them. In any event, I thank her for her reply as I thank all those noble Lords who have spoken. I beg leave to withdraw the Motion.
Motion for Papers, by leave, withdrawn.
Lord Kilmarnock: My Lords, I beg to move that this Bill be now read a second time.
Its sole aim is to make it possible for persons legitimated by subsequent matrimony to inherit a title throughout the United Kingdom rather than, as at present, in only one part of it; namely, Scotland. It is a modest measure but not, I believe, without importance. I hope it will find favour with your Lordships.
As regards the dilatory amendment in the name of the noble Lord, Lord Morris, I could have wished that the noble Lord had put it down a little earlier, or approached me, so that we could have had time to discussand, I would hope, allayhis fears. As a result of a conversation this morning, I now have an inkling of what disturbs him, erroneously in my view and that of my advisers, and I shall do my best to set his mind at rest. At all events I hope that he will agree with me after this debate that we should continue to pursue any remaining matters of concern in Committee, as happens in the vast majority of cases with Private Member's Bills in your Lordships' House.
Before I proceed any further, two things are incumbent on me. The first is to declare a personal interest in that the succession to my own peerage would be affected if the Bill became law. It would pass from the current heir presumptive who is my younger brother, to my son who would become the heir apparent. There is no disagreement in my family that this is a proper step. But I am aware that there is a question of expectations, which I will address later in my speech.
I also want to make it absolutely clear at the outset that the Bill has nothing whatever to do with reform of the House of Lords. It is exclusively concerned with the succession to hereditary titles. It is up to Parliament to decide whether or not the holders of such titles should be entitled to sit in Parliament. Possibly this question will arise again in the not too far distant future, and possibly not, but whatever the outcome of the next general election and any proposal for reform that may follow it, that will not be affected one way or another by the Bill.
Perhaps I may now draw attention to the general law on legitimacy as it now stands. In various reports on the subject the Law Commissions of England and Wales and of Scotlandthe two Law Commissionsrecommended, as a matter of general principle, the removal of any discrimination against a person born outside matrimony, whose parents subsequently contracted matrimony. This principle has been adopted by Parliament in various Acts including the Legitimacy Act 1976, the Family Law Reform Acts 1969 and 1987 and the Children Act 1989.
However, as regards titles of honour, the Law Commissions did not propose any change in the law. It might be surmised that this was at least partly because the vast majority of extant hereditary peerages (526 out of a total of 772 entitled to a seat in this House) are peerages of the United Kingdom, created since 1801, while the Law Commissions' remit is confined to their respective regions and countries. There is no Law Commission for the United Kingdom as a whole.
The upshot is that a person legitimated by subsequent matrimony has exactly the same rights and responsibilities as if he had been born legitimate, with the outstanding exception in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, but not in Scotland, of the inheritance of titles of honour. Indeed paragraph 4(2) of Schedule 1 of the Legitimacy Act 1976 expressly provides that apart from Section 1, which deals with void marriages,
In this, it simply follows Section 10 of the Legitimacy Act 1926.
This is in marked contrast to the situation in Scotland where it has always been accepted under Scottish common law, subsequently codified by the Legitimation (Scotland) Act 1968, that persons legitimated by subsequent matrimony are eligible to succeed to Scottish titles and do so succeed. Furthermore, we have the extraordinary anomaly that a person legitimated in England by the subsequent marriage of his parents may inherit a Scottish title but would be debarred from inheriting an English, Irish, British or United Kingdom title in the same circumstances. This is surely quite unacceptable. I can see no sound reason why those of us who hold such titles should not benefit from the same regime as the Scots. The United Kingdom is clearly made up of different component parts, but it is still a unitary state.
That is the background to the reform I am proposing. The current exclusion of most but not all hereditary titles from the general thrust of the law on legitimacy across the United Kingdom is clearly discriminatory and my aim is to remove this discrimination. I am glad to be able to report to your Lordships that the Bill has widespread support among representative bodies of the legal profession outside Parliament. It is supported by the Family Law Committee of the Law Society, by the Family Law Bar Association, and by the Solicitors' Family Law Association. They are all united in their opposition to discrimination against any particular category of citizencorrectly, it seems to me. I have also received assurances that this Bill would not be opposed by the Labour Party in another place although of course I obviously will not pre-empt what the noble Lord, Lord Rea, has to say from his Front Bench in this House.
Let me take your Lordships briefly through the Bill. It is my duty to do so. It is always an attractive idea that a one-clause Bill will do the trick for a simple matter. But usually a number of subsidiary and consequential matters need to be taken care of. So this Bill has six clauses and a schedule, all straightforward but the minimum required to do the job efficiently.
Clause 1(1) is the principal provision of the Bill and would enable legitimated persons to succeed and transmit a right to succeed to titles. That is at present excluded by provisions in the current legislation concerned with legitimation in England, Wales and Northern Irelandprovisions which are repealed by Clause 6(1) and the schedule to the Bill. In Scotland legitimated persons can already succeed to titles, as I mentioned earlier.
Clause 1(2) makes it quite clear that the words "lawfully begotten", or similar words in letters patent or other instrument creating a title, will not prevent a legitimated person from succeeding to a title. In the case of a barony by writ, the title has no instrument of creation; hence the acknowledgement in the subsection that not all titles have such an instrument.
Clause 1(3) establishes that the Bill covers persons legitimated under, or recognised as legitimated under, the law of any part of the United Kingdom. It also defines "title" widely to cover any dignity or title of honourand in that it follows paragraph 4(2) of Schedule 1 of the 1976 Act which employs the identical phrase, "any dignity or title of honour". Section 10(1) of the Northern Ireland Act is to the same effect. It is drawn in the same terms. The Bill accordingly goes beyond peerages and would embrace baronetcies as well.
Clause 2 is a technical clause concerning seniority. It would normally secure that the eldest child, if legitimated, would have seniority. The other provisions in the clause concern in particular the case of the holder of a title marrying en secondes noces a woman by whom he has previously had an illegitimate child. But that child's legitimation, and therefore his seniority, would date from the remarriage and he would not be able to displace an heir, albeit younger in years than himself of the first marriage.
Clause 3 makes it clear that the Bill covers existing titles, but that it will affect only successions on a death occurring after the Bill is enacted. It does not bite back into the past and could not therefore disturb any present title holder. Nor could the descendant of someone legitimated in the past, but deceased, disturb the succession to the current line. All successions through a legitimated person who died before the passing of the Act are excluded.
This clause is also intended to secure that the interference with present expectations is the minimum consistent with the aims of the Bill. It is obvious that some hypothetical expectationsand I have reason to believe a very small number of actual expectationsmay be disappointed. But here I would point out that the expectation of an heir presumptive can never be other than contingent on the current holder not remarrying, however late in life, and producing an heir. Even an heir apparentthat is, a male child in the direct line of successionmay have his expectation disappointed by untimely death, as recent tragic events have shown in a noble Scottish family. Some expectations exist only as a result of the discrimination and anomalies to which I have referred. Others may be blown away by fate. Expectations are not foolproof or irreversible entitlements.
Clause 4 recognises the fact that under Scottish law legitimated persons are already able to succeed to Scottish titles. It leaves the Scottish law to operate where it operates already and, in effect, ring-fences the Scottish position.
Clause 5 exempts the Crown from the scope of the Bill, making nonsense of the hysterical claim in the Daily Express recently that if the Bill became law,
I may add that Clause 3, which I have already discussed, equally makes nonsense of the other assertion in the same column; namely, that,
I am not paranoid about the press, but if the Daily Express cannot do better than that, I suggest that it sacks someone in its research department and sharpens up its
Clause 6 (the last clause) ushers in the consequential repeals in the schedule and gives the Short Title of the Bill.
This is a small Bill designed to tidy up a small corner of the law. We have for some time now ceased to discriminate against children born outside wedlock through no fault of their own, nor often of their parents, as, for example, in the case of a premature birth or a long and complicated divorce procedure in another country. The act and commitment of marriage or remarriage is the important thing, and that is at the heart of the Bill. That is what has been upheld by all family law legislation over the past quarter of a centuryand rightly so in my viewas the trigger of legitimacy and all that flows from it.
It might be argued that hereditary peerages are such an arcane and unusual institution that the general law should not apply to them. There is not much foundation for that. The hereditary peerage is certainly not older than the institution of marriage. In fact, as I have already indicated, much of it is of very recent origin. The great majority of current hereditary peerages have been created since 1831 and a large proportion of those since 1918. Taken as a whole, we are not all that far removed from our origins in the business, commercial, agrarian, intellectual and recent political life of this country. That is our strength. There is nothing unusual or mystical about us requiring unusual or mystical rules as for some ancient priesthood.
The one thing that is special about us is the privilege that we enjoy (or most of us enjoy it; there are some exceptions) of a voice and vote in your Lordships' House. However, I think that I have demonstrated that the Bill will have no effect one way or another on that. Peeringif I may be forgiven the puna little further into the future of the hereditary peerage, I can well foresee a time when we shall no longer enjoy that privilege as of right. That does not mean that we shall cease to exist unless formally abolished by a republican eventuality which may yet be some way down the track, perhaps over the horizon. In the meantime, I venture to suggest that holders of hereditary titles should be in no worse or different a position as regards legitimation and its effects than that enjoyed by the generality of the population of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, as laid down by the statute law of the land, to which I propose these modest amendments. I beg to move.
Moved, That the Bill be now read a second time.(Lord Kilmarnock.)
Lord Morris rose to move, as an amendment to the Motion that the Bill be now read a second time, to leave out ("now") and at end insert ("this day six months").
The noble Lord said: My Lords, I am sure that we are all grateful for the very clear way in which the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, has introduced his Bill to the
We must first look at the nature of hereditary peeragesand we must not forget of course baronetcies. They are created by letters patent under the Great Seal in a form prescribed by rules under the Crown Office Act 1877, which limits succession to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten.
To put this another way, the creation of an hereditary title and the rules of succession are a question solelyI repeat, solelyof Royal Prerogative. It is my view that it is quite wrong for a Member of this House to attempt to usurp that prerogative.
Let me attempt to illustrate the uncertainties that the Bill will create. In marked contradistinction to the Legitimacy Act 1959, which enabled children of putative marriages to succeed to titles, this Bill, as drafted, would affect those born before as well as after the commencement of the Act. This would inevitably have the effect of depriving some heirs apparent of their title in favour of persons born out of wedlock, and legitimated not by the will of the Crown, so to speak, but by the parents of the previously illegitimate child.
At this stage, the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, was totally silent on the question of entailment. This is of critical importance. It is a lawyer's term of art for the movement of property which flows with the title. All those property rights and expectations would be lost.
A slightly more complex case is where a Peer has one son out of wedlock, marries the mother and then has a second son. The second son, who will at present expect to succeed, would be deprived by the Bill since his elder brother will, by Clause 2, be deemed to have been born by the date of the marriage.
Rather more difficult and doubtful is the case where a Peer has a son legitimated by a subsequent marriage and, before the commencement of the Act, dies, so that the collateral line, or the younger legitimate son in my previous example, succeeds to the title. The legitimated person, however, is still alive at the commencement so that his line of succession is not barred by virtue of Clause 3. The question then arises of whether the legitimated person's claim revives when the succession next opens on a death after commencement, so that he may assert it against, for example, his nephew (the son of his younger legitimate brother in the example I gave). It is not clear whether the Bill is intended to cover that position; but it is arguable that it does, and with the effect of reviving the claim of the legitimated person or a claim made through him by his son.
I can see another and not unfanciful mischief that this ill-begotten Bill provides. Let us say that the son, a legitimate heir of most probably, I suspect, a Liberal Peer, with the assistance of several willing ladies, sires
I shall not weary the House further with a catalogue of the uncertainties and harm that the Bill would create. One thing is certain: to move, as this Bill most certainly does, the power away from the intention of the person creating the honournamely, the Crownto the holder or the heir presumptive of the title is to encourage irresponsibility and is clearly wrong. The ability to create uncertainties in the succession of titles by virtue of this Bill is limited only by the imagination of man. Families can be quite revolting enough as it is. This Bill positively encourages them to be more so. I beg to move the amendment standing in my name.
Moved, as an amendment to the Motion that the Bill be now read a second time, to leave out ("now") and at end insert ("this day six months").(Lord Morris.)
The Viscount of Oxfuird: My Lords, the very term "heirs of the body" evokes a form of comfort which appears to have no contradiction until one looks into the depths of the inheritance laws of the Peerage and the root of their existence, and the importance of the Crown prerogative.
Thus it is that one must return to col. 685 of Hansard of 27th November 1986, and to the speech of my noble and learned friend Lord Hailsham when he was Lord Chancellor, at the Second Reading of the Family Law Reform Bill, which is now an Act.
In response to the question from the noble Lord, Lord Mishcon, "Why not titles of honour?", my noble friend went on to say:
My noble friend went on to say (at col. 686):
Perhaps we believe that we sail in so-called "charted waters" with the legitimacy Acts, but there are also the gods of the copy book headings, and they are to be respected. Acceptance of this Bill could have severe consequences, particularly in connection with its retrospective effect.
I cannot support this Bill and will support my noble friend's amendment.
Lady Saltoun of Abernethy: My Lords, when I first glanced at this Bill, I thought it was pretty innocuous. But when I came to examine it more carefully, I began to have misgivings. Upon further investigation, my misgivings increased to the point where I shall support
There are two principal aspects of the Bill which I find totally unacceptable: first, its retrospective effect, and, secondly, the disappointing of legitimate expectations. That is what Clause 3 does. If the Bill receives a Second Reading, I shall seek to amend Clause 3 at Committee stage, so as to remove the first and avoid the second.
The noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, dismisses legitimate expectations in a somewhat cavalier manner. But the disappointing of them can be the cause of much sorrow and bad blood in a family, and is something to be avoided wherever possible. God may blow them away, but that is no reason for us to do so.
The noble and learned Lord, Lord Keith of Kinkel, in his judgment given in 1986 on the appeal of Dunbar of Kilconzie, clearly thought that both retrospection and the disappointing of legitimate expectations should be avoided; and although his judgment applies to Scotland and this Bill is not, I understand, supposed to apply to Scotland,although I do not find that that emerges very clearly from reading the Billthe principle applies equally to England and Wales. I am very sorry that the noble and learned Lord is not here this evening to contribute to this debate. There is a way in which what the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, seeks might be achieved without the damage that this Bill will do.
In Scotland, in the early daysby that I mean before 1603 it was, by the law of Scotland competent to the grantee of a peerage, or any of his successors, to resign such grant into the hands of the Crown in return for a new grant which could limit the destination in such manner as the grantee, with the consent of the sovereign, might direct. Indeed, it was customary to resign any peerage to the Crown on the accession of a new sovereign, and hope for a re-grant, which could of course be dependent on past good conduct. I believe that that law has not been repealed.
I should be happy to support such legislation for GB and UK peerages, provided of course that no legitimate claimants existed or that their consent had been obtained before any alteration was requested in the destination. That would also enable peerages which are in danger of extinction, for want of male issue, to be revitalised.
It occurred to me that another way of doing this might be by a personal Bill. But I believe that the Personal Bills Committee might think otherwise. So that may not be a very practical suggestion. As it stands, I shall support the amendment of the noble Lord, Lord Morris.
Lord Teviot: My Lords, it is a great pleasure to follow the noble Lady, Lady Saltoun of Abernethy. I support the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock. This Bill is a "Legitimated Persons" Bill. It dwells on those who have been illegitimate and who have suffered in the past. I
With regard to succession, there have been many what I might call eccentric legal arguments. But a case can be made. There have been various Acts on legitimisation in England and Scotland. An illegitimate person can inherit. On the rare occasions on which it might occur with regard to this House, illegitimate people could well inherit. I see no reason for any objection, whatever the legal argument. But we have to look at what might be called the basis of the argument.
Perhaps I may make just one final comment. I have already spoken for one minute and would like to extend my observations to one minute and a half. In 1968, in a debate in your Lordships' House, the late Lord Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the days of his primacy, quoting an old hymn said:
I support the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock.
Lord Sudeley: My Lords, I rise to intervene rather than to make a speech. The Bill has been criticised as a personal Bill and perhaps I may be allowed to declare a personal interest. There were two English kings who had a good brood of bastards: Henry I and Charles II. It is from Charles II that some of our Dukes are descended. I am proud of my illegitimate descent from one of the illegitimate children of Henry I. Whatever modern American women may say, in those days there was honour in being a royal mistress.
The fate of the legitimate son and heir of Henry I is well known. He would have survived the sinking of the White Ship, if he had not sought to rescue his illegitimate half-sister, the Countess of Perche. They both drowned together and there followed all the misery of the contested succession under Stephen and Matilda, when the government were so weak and the Church so strong that canon law exceeded all proper bounds into probate and so on.
What is the practical outcome of an old inheritance, a peerage and a bastardy? Let me cite just one example. The Earl of Egremont, patron of Turner, had only illegitimate issue. Queen Victoria said of that:
Egremont mortgaged the Orchard Wyndham property in Somerset, entailed on the legitimate line, to the hilt. To pay off the mortgages the legitimate line was unable to pay for their daughters' dowries. They had to lock up all their daughters, a tragedy surely of a large scale if we have any feeling. I should like to oppose the Bill.
Lord Rea: My Lords, although I speak from this Bench, I do so in a personal capacity since the Opposition have no set views on this issue, if such a
The Bill itself, in my humble view, is very carefully drawn up and I hope will need no amendment. In supporting the Bill I, like other noble Lords who have spoken, wish to declare an interest in that I have a grandson who is legitimated in the eyes of the law and falls into the category covered by the Bill. In fact, my interest is really of a technical nature since no one in my family takes the matter terribly seriously. We all assume and, in fact, hope that the right of hereditary Peers to sit as legislators will finally have been abolished long before the time this three year-old could inherit his title. But I have to say that I have always thought, since my early adulthood, that that time would have come to pass before I inherited the title. So I have to enter the caveat that perhaps he will still be able to sit in the House of Lords, although the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, said that that is not the point of the exercise.
Without this archaic privilege, which we all enjoy, of sitting in your Lordships' House and being able to speak and vote, the possession of an hereditary title is merely an historical curiosity, especially when it is not accompanied by a stately home or a fortune. But I accept that such a title means a lot to some families, especially if the title represents an ancient lineage, even if it were not to be associated with the right to attend and vote in your Lordships' House. Certainly, hereditary peerages on the Continent continue. Some people take them seriously although others regard them as an object for ridicule.
As the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, said, the 1976 Act to legitimate children was really a consolidation measure. The question of the inheritance of titles was omitted because it would have required new legislation. This Bill provides the opportunity to remedy that deficiency and to correct what, as the noble Lord has described, amounts to a real discrimination against legally legitimated persons. The anomaly in which male legitimated persons, or female in some cases, can inherit Scottish titles but not English, British, UK or Irish titles should surely not be allowed to persist.
I find it curious that any noble Lord can oppose this manifestly fair Bill. I certainly was not convinced by the arguments of the noble Lord, Lord Morris, which were rather far-fetched and unrealistic. He said that families are revolting and this Bill will make them worse. I found that an extraordinary statement because I believe that exactly the reverse is the purpose of this Bill, bringing to the first-born child of a couple the justice that should be his. This House and the Peerage which fills it is only here because of tradition. That has many anomalies. This Bill will help to reduce those anomalies and bring the Peerage up to date. It will make fairer an ancient institution.
Baroness Trumpington: My Lords, the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, has given us an opportunity to consider the topic of this Bill with a closer focus than was possible when the noble Lord, Lord Mishcon, with his customary thoroughness, raised it during the passage of the Family Law Bill in 1986.
Legislation enacting reforms in this area has not been the province of any one party in government, and the government's position is neutral since it seems that the issue to be decided is where and how one is to draw the line between the principle of non-discrimination and the principle that those with a genuine and well-founded expectation of succession should not be unfairly deprived.
The Legitimacy Act 1959 which put children of certain void marriages on the same basis as those of valid marriages for all purposes including succession to titles drew the line on the side of existing expectations and applied the change as it affected titles only to those born after the passing of the Act. Where the line might be drawn in the present case and how this might affect the Bill are pre-eminently matters for this House to decide on a free vote.
Care has been taken to limit the effect of the Bill on existing expectations, but the Government see some difficulties with the Bill as it is currently drafted. In order for the Bill to avoid destroying any genuine existing expectations, it would have to be limited in such a way as to change its character in what may be felt to be a fundamental way. For example, it might be limited so as to affect only those born after its passing, or to come into force in relation to any particular title only when every person living and with a genuine expectation at Royal Assent had died.
There may be changes, depending on your Lordships' views of the nature of the line to be drawn, which could be made short of those I have described but dealing with the more difficult cases. There is one area in particular where the Bill is at least unclear and in which it may have effects which would cause anxiety. That concerns the case in which a legitimated person has before the passing of the Bill been passed over for the succession to a title but is alive and legitimated at the time the Bill is passed. It is not clear whether the Bill is intended to, or would, have the effect of reviving the legitimated person's claim and enabling him to transmit it so that it might be asserted when the succession next opens, but it does seem that it might have that effect as currently drafted.
That is connected with another issue, which is the way in which the Bill relates to Scottish law. It is, as I understand it, the intention that the Bill should not affect Scottish law, which is already broadly in line with what the Bill sets out to do. But it is not clear why the Bill is not simply excluded from applying to Scotland. Indeed, there is a possibility that the Bill might, as currently drafted, have the effect of changing Scottish law if it has the effect which I have described of reviving the claim of a legitimated person previously passed over.
That is because that point has been considered in the Scottish context, where the Legitimation (Scotland) Act 1968 retrospectively legitimated certain people. It was decided that considerations of reason and justice favoured the conclusion that the claim of a person thus legitimated many years after the succession passed over should not be revived; and the Bill's effect on this decision is not clear. It may well be that it would have the effect of reversing the decision, which would call into question the way in which the Bill deals with Scottish law.
I think it proper to confine myself to giving the Government's view of the Bill as currently drafted. I know that my noble and learned friend the Lord Chancellor has written to the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, pointing out his worries on the various issues that I have raised. I have drawn your Lordships' attention to certain aspects of the Bill which seem to the Government to be important. Views may differ on the question of whether those matters and others which have been raised are of a nature suited to discussion and resolution in Committee or whether they go to the heart of the Bill. Those matters and the question of whether the Bill should receive a Second Reading are, as I have said, pre-eminently matters for decision by this House on a free vote.
I accordingly wish simply to close on a note of gratitude to those who have taken part in this debate and to the noble Lord, Lord Kilmarnock, for initiating it.
Lord Kilmarnock: My Lords, I am most grateful to all noble Lords who have spoken although not all have spoken as I would have wished. I should like to refer first to the speech of the noble Lord, Lord Morris. The noble Lord is under a misapprehension. There has been no interference whatever with the Royal Prerogative. The Royal Prerogative has been placed by Her Majesty at the disposal of Parliament and of this House for the purpose of this Bill. In fact, the noble Earl, Lord Airlie, came from the Palace precisely to make that declaration to your Lordships shortly before Christmas. As I said, there is absolutely no question whatever of unwarranted interference with the Royal Prerogative. I am very surprised that the noble Lord, Lord Morris, was not aware of that.
I must refute the noble Lord's comments about lack of clarity. I should like to take just a moment to read out Clause 3 which states:
I should have thought that that was crystal clear.
I understand the reference by the noble Viscount, Lord Oxfuird, to "heirs of the body" and to the phrase "lawfully begotten". Clause 1(2) extends the definition of the words "lawfully begotten".
It is not true that patents are absolutely sacred. The noble Earl, Lord Russell, has drawn to my attention cases in which patents have been varied. As your Lordships know, the noble Earl is a distinguished medieval historian and he has drawn my attention particularly to the case of Lord Brooke in 1628 who succeeded his cousinby whom he had been adopted when but four years of agein the peerage under the the special limitation of the patent. It is not true that patents have never been varied. They are not, in that sense, completely Holy Writ.
In regard to the interesting speech of the noble Lady, Lady Saltoun of Abernethy, I was surprised that she referred to the Bill as "bad law". In fact, it attempts to replicate the law of Scotland. We often say in your Lordships' House that they order things better north of the Border. Indeed, that was one of the assumptions of the Bill. I therefore found that a rather strange remark. With regard to the noble Lady's point about retrospection, I draw her attention to Clause 3, which I have quoted. It is absolutely clear that that is not retrospective.
The noble Lady referred to the case of Dunbar of Kilconzie, of which she kindly sent me copies. I read it with great care. This Bill would not have gone against the ruling which the noble and learned Lord, Lord Keith, delivered in that case, and so it would be entirely on all-fours, all square with that ruling.
With regard to the very interesting suggestion the noble Lady made of re-grants, I venture to say to her that I do not believe that this particular procedure has been used since the Act of Union, 1707. It would seem to me to place a tremendous burden on the Crown if people were always petitioning, let us say, to jump over a black sheep in their family in order to award the title to someone whom they thought would bear it more honourably or more reputably. It seems to me that what we have here is very much more simple than the procedure that she has proposed.
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Headmaster Clement invited current and former Browning faculty to a faculty symposium, "Browning in 2015 and Beyond: The View From Four Chairs," on April 29. The featured panelists were Board of Trustees President James S. Chanos P '07, '09, '11; Director of Technology Aaron R. Grill, 2013 Recipient of the STEM Chair; Dean of Faculty Michael E. Ingrisani, 2009 Recipient of the Stephen M. Clement, III Chair for the Humanities; and Gerald J. Protheroe, 2013 Recipient of the Stephen M. Clement, III Chair for the Humanities.
Mr. Chanos was given a chair bearing his name, parent affiliation, and years of service on the Board; a duplicate chair is housed in the Cook Room. Panelists then presented their views on The Browning School from a historical and global perspective, elaborating on the issues Browning boys can expect to see in regard to technology, education, economics, global affairs and politics. Following their remarks, the panelists entertained questions from Headmaster Clement and the audience, including who and/or what most influenced their career choices.
The Stephen M. Clement, III Chair for the Humanities, established in 2009 in honor of Mr. Clement's 20th anniversary as Headmaster, is the first-ever endowed teaching chair in Browning's history. The endowed teaching STEM Chair honors a faculty member who advances the School's mission in supporting science, technology, engineering and mathematics and was established thanks to a $2 million gift from an anonymous donor.
Read bios on Mr. Chanos, Mr. Grill, Mr. Ingrisani and Mr. Protheroe below the photo gallery.
Mike Ingrisani has been teaching at The Browning School since 1970. He graduated from Regis High School and earned his B.A. from Columbia College. He was awarded an M.A. from Teachers College, Columbia University. At Browning he currently serves as chair of the English Department and dean of faculty. He has been actively involved since its inception in the International Boys' School Coalition. For many years Mike served on the IBSC Board of Trustees, often as the only full-time teacher. He has attended IBSC conferences in Boston, Cleveland, Toronto, Washington, Nashville, San Francisco, Perth, Sydney, London, Johannesburg, Philadelphia and Richmond… and New York!
Aaron Grill received both his B.A. and his M.A. from the University of Kansas. His master's thesis, an interactive website titled "trackcurrentevents.org," enabled teachers to create web pages with news links. Aaron came to Browning in 2003 as technology coordinator, and became director of technology in 2008. He is an avid bike rider and coaches fifth and sixth grade baseball. He is past president of NYCIST, a highly regarded organization for implementing technology in independent schools. He has led AV/Network/Technology Infrastructure planning and implementation in Phases I-V in Browning's construction project.
Gerry Protheroe arrived at Browning in 1996. He grew up in Wales and attended Cyfarthfa Castle Grammar School in Merthyr Tydfil. The first person in his family to attend university, he earned a B.A. from Jesus College, Oxford, and an M.A. with Distinction and a Ph.D. from the London School of Economics. Long involved in the Advanced Placement Exams, he is currently a table leader for Advanced European History. At Browning, Gerry is faculty advisor to Model UN, and he coaches 7/8 soccer. Gerry also teaches at New York University and received a Longevity Award on April 28. For a number of years he has taught a fall course titled, "Global Conflict and the Crisis of Democracy."
Jim Chanos is a great friend of Browning. His son Nick entered Browning in 1994 and graduated in 2007, Michael graduated in 2009, and Andrew in 2011. Jim joined the Board of Trustees in 1998 and has served as President from 2000-2015. He is among the longest serving and most highly regarded independent school board presidents in New York and in the country. Jim also serves on the board of the Nightingale-Bamford School and the New-York Historical Society. He is currently a Lecturer in Finance and Becton Fellow at the Yale School of Management, teaching a class on the history of financial fraud.
In his "day job" Jim is founder and managing partner of Kynikos Associates, L.P., the world's largest exclusive short-selling investment firm. His celebrated short sale of Enron shares was dubbed by Barron's as "the market call of the decade, if not the past 50 years."


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The Kinark Outdoor Centre (KOC) is a program area of Kinark Child and Family Services. Pour en savoir plus sur les services offerts en français, appelez notre numéro gratuit au 1-888-663-0670 The KOC operates a three-season camping facility with a core mandate to deliver a menu of enhanced respite programs for children with autism and their families. We are able to support these programs through the delivery of outdoor recreation and community building fee for service programs. If you are a teacher or looking for programs to support a child with autism, you've come to the right place.
The KOC has a rich history in residential camping, outdoor education, recreational programming, and community building. From skill development, family enrichment, social recreation, respite, and adventure-based experiences, the KOC offers high-quality programming and once-in-a-lifetime experiences in a safe, well-supported and natural environment. We look forward to hosting you!
This winter, we along with Point in Time and Tri-County Community Support Services were granted funds by the Ontario Trillium Foundation. This will be directed towards hosting 150 families over the next three years in a program designed to deliver parent training and respite to families with a child with special needs. An information package can be found on this page
You can get more information on our school based programs at this link. If you are a teacher you can connect directly with our Program Manager about our outdoor ed programs and how we can work with you to customize your school trip experience.
There is more information on our autism based programs here. If you are looking for more information about our autism program offerings you can connect directly with our Autism Program Supervisor.


text: The upcoming, total-conversion MechWarrior mod for Crysis is shaping up to be one very fine piece of work. Over the weekend, the developer updated its website with a mod progress report. It shows off a number of new in-game screenshots from play testing, as well as four versions of the Inner Sphere faction's Bushwacker BattleMech. These are the "four variants of the Bushwacker you'll be able to use in MWLL's first release," developer Wandering Samurai Studios explains.


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Multicultural Literature for Children and Young Adults:
A Selected Listing of Books by and about People of Color, Volume Two, 1991-1996
Barbara FoulksBoyd
Horning, Kathleen T., Ginny Moore Druse and Megan Schliesman. Multi cultural Literature for Children and Young Adults: A Selected Listing of Books by and about People of Color, Volume Two, 1991-1996. Cooperative Children's Book Center (CCBC), 1997.
This annotated collection of multicultural literature is a thoughtful selection of children's and young adult books published in the United States and Canada between 1991 and 1996. This volume addresses most recently published books; volume one covered multicultural literature for children published from 1980-1990. The authors have defined multicul-tural literature as "books by and about people of color: Africans, Afro-Carribeans and African Americans; American Indians; Asians, Asian Pacific Peoples and Asian Americans; and Latinos" (p. 1). Over 500 books are included with a thorough and descriptive annotation of content and illustrations, consisting of approximately 150 words each. This is not a review of all published multicultural books but only those that "the Cooperative Children's Book Center recommends: high quality children's and young adult literature innovative in style, accurate in content, important in theme, and/or unusual in insight" (p. vii).
With each entry, the author, title, publisher, international standard book number (ISBN), and age range are listed. Entries are grouped by age, including categories as: Books for Babies and Toddlers, Concept Books (for the very young), Picture Books, Children (age ranges 7 to 14), and Teenagers (age ranges 11 to 16 to adult). Entries are also grouped by topic, including, among others: Seasons and Celebrations, Issues in Today's World, Understanding Oneself and Others, and Historical People, Places, and Events. An index allows the reader to easily locate an entry by author, title, or subject.
Appendices provide (1) the racial background of some of the people of color who created the books listed in the bibliography, (2) book titles and location (in the bibliography) categorized by the nation and ethnic or cultural group represented in the content of each book, and (3) resources and awards for multicultural literature issues. The authors demonstrate respect for and recognition that issues of race and ethnicity are complex and multifaceted. This is of particular importance in the identification and labeling of racial and cultural groups by specific subgroups, for example, American Indian cultures are identified by individual tribes, not by regional areas.
The authors have shown sensitivity to authenticity and appropriateness both in the areas of children's literature and multicultural issues and aspects. The Cooperative Children's Book Center (CCBC), in Madison, Wisconson, is "committed to identifying excellent literature for children and adolescents" (p. 99). The Center has outstanding collections, includes a book examination center and research library, and has expert staff in book arts, book evaluation, multicultural literature, alternative press publishing, and intellectual freedom. The Center is acknowledged as a leader and a catalyst for change in literature for children and young adults.
Barbara FoulksBoyd is an associate professor of Education at Radford University and a specialist in early childhood and elementary education. She is active in the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME) and the Virginia affiliate.


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The creators of the H-racer are back, but this time, they're kicking it up a notch. Their new H-cell hydrogen power upgrade kit is designed to fit into the original battery slot on Tamiya TT-01 car chassis, and turns your scale sized racer into a lean, mean, green burning machine. Featuring speeds up to 20 mph and 65-70 minutes of runtime per charge, the kit is designed to be more than just an experiment; it's designed to be fun.
[Via: Coolest Gadgets]


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CONRAD BROWN born Feb. 19, 1834 married CAROLINE KLINEHAUS born Aug. 29, 1833
"Genealogical and Personal History of Beaver County, Pennsylvania"
Editor: John W. Jordan, LL. D.
Illustrated.Volume 2.
Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York, 1913
Pgs.924, 925 BROWN
The name of BROWN occurs in both English and German speaking countries, differing slightly, however, in form, the German name being BRAUN.This was probably the spelling of the family name of the branch treated of in this review, but years of residence in America changed the spelling to BROWN.
CHARLES BROWN was born in Baden-Baden, Duchy of Baden, Germany, at that time the boundary line of France being only three miles distant.He was a gardener and the owner of a small farm which he utilized chiefly for the cultivation of a fine vineyard.With the exception of the time he spent in military service, his life was passed in this place.He served in the cavalry regiment under Napoleon, and took part in the famous retreat from Moscow.His death occurred at the age of 59 years.He had brothers and sisters: JOSEPH, THOMAS, GEORGE and ELIZA, all belonging to the class of small, prosperous farmers, and GEORGE were the owner of a wine-press.CHARLES BROWN and his family were members of the Roman Catholic Church.He married CATHERINE DIETRICH, who died at the age of 76 years.They had children: CHARLES, JR., died in Germany, where he was a farmer; FEDORA, ROSANNA, JOSEPHINE, DETLIEB, LUDWIG, JOHN, CONRAD.
CONRAD BROWN, son of CHARLES and CATHERINE (DIETRICH) BROWN, was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, Feb. 19, 1834.He attended the public schools of his native province for a period of three or four years, and was then sent to a boarding school in Belgium, where he remained until he was 16 years of age.The Revolution then broke out, and MR. BROWN was appointed a second lieutenant in the army.The force with which he was identified was overpowered by the Prussians, and MR. BROWN, then 18 years of age, emigrated to America.He stayed but a short time in New York City, the port of his arrival, and went to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he found employment in a woolen mill.At the end of one year he moved to Cannelton, Beaver County, Pa., where he obtained a position in the coal mines, and has been connected with this line of industry since that time.For 27 years he was pit boss in the mines, and since 1906 has lived in retirement.He and his wife are Roman Catholics.MR. BROWN married CAROLINE KLINEHAUS, born in Ambeil, Navarre, Germany, Aug. 29, 1833, died in Beaver County, Pa., Oct. 10, 1882, who came to this country when she was four years of age with her parents who also settled in Beaver County.They had children: JOHN, CATHERINE, who died in September, 1912, married JAMES KENNY, and lives with her father; MICHAEL, a coal miner, unmarried.
JOHN BROWN, eldest child of CONRAD and CAROLINE (KLINEHAUS) BROWN, was born in that part of Pittsburgh called Burlington, June 26, 1854.He was eighteen months of age when his parents moved to Cannelton, Beaver County, Pa., and attended the schools at the latter place.At the age of 14 years he commenced the serious business of life by working in the coal mines, and has been engaged in them in various capacities up to the present time.At one time he was boss driver.In 1903 he purchased a farm 123 acres, and two of his sons cultivate this while he continues with his mine labors.Like his forebears he is a devout member of the Roman Catholic Church.He is a Republican.MR. BROWN married, Dec. 25, 1875, ANNA KENNEDY, born in Llanerckshire, Scotland, Sept. 18, 1852, a daughter of THOMAS and BRIDGET (MANN) KENNEDY, both born in county Clare, Ireland.He was a coal miner, and was employed in the capacity in Scotland when MRS. BROWN was born.In March, 1873, he emigrated to America with his family, where MRS. BRIDGET KENNEDY is now living in Sebring, Ohio, at the age of 80 years.JOHN and ANNA (KENNEDY) BROWN have had children: 1. MICHAEL, a coal miner at Cannelton; married KATE LYNCH; six children: LEONARD, MARIE, ERNESTINE, ELIZABETH, JEROME, OSCAR.2. RAYMOND J., a railway conductor; married DELIA CONNELLY; three children: GERTRUDE, MARY, ANNIE.3. WILLIAM A., of Cannelton; married PEARL McCOWIN; two children: VINCENT and GRACE.4. MARGARET. 5. THOMAS F. 6. ALBERT LEO.7. EDWARD J.8. ELLEN E.


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I was so excited by this week's card using Basket Bunch. I wasn't that into the stamp set and couldn't quite picture what I was going to do, so it was time to get creative.
All I had to do was think about what my mom loves at easter….chocolate bunnys!!! Then I got to work. I used the blender pen to make the ombre effect on the bunnys.


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Personalize your Juna mattress to fit your needs using our unique ZIP&FLIP system. Easily change the level of firmness with our removable, washable cover.
Don't pay extra for the extras! With the purchase of any Juna mattress, your low price includes free shipping and a free mattress protector.
Try the Juna mattress completely risk-free for 120 nights. If you aren't absolutely in love, we will pick it up, donate it locally, and give you a full refund.
Get a 18-year warranty and our Lifetime Comfort Commitment with every purchase. We'll replace or add materials at any time to ensure you get the very best sleep.
You can personalize your Juna mattress to fit your exact needs.
You can change anything, at any time through our ZIP&FLIP system.
We believe in top-notch service for our customers. Our products are all made factory-direct, to be adjusted to every customers exact needs. When you need us we show up.
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Your handmade mattress will arrive on your doorstep within 7 business days of placing your order. As always, shipping comes free with every Juna purchase!
We want you to get the most out of our products, so you can easily change out parts whenever you would like. Additional inserts can be added to further personalize your comfort.
We support our products with a 120-night risk-free trial, free return policy, and 18-year warranty.


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Hillary Clinton's actions and her commentary regarding the FBI investigations suggest she is complacent with little concern for the outcome. It's not only her deflecting characterization of the investigation as a security review, which FBI Director James Comey has countered that it is a criminal investigation, it's her visible lack of concern and her matter-of-fact attitude when questioned by reporters and others. So, why is she so calm and complacent with no sign of worry or anxiety?
Could she already be assured by the Obama administration, the DOJ specifically, that there will be no indictment irrespective of FBI's findings and recommendations? I believe it is the likely scenario.
Alternatively as reported here earlier, it is highly likely that the administration's and the media's praise for Director Comey's "straight-up" honorable character is setting the public up for a finding of "nothing actionable" in Clinton's activities. Also, it must be considered plausible that the FBI is prepared to exonerate her without forcing the DOJ to do so.
Now, how about the Democrat National Committee and Democrats who control it? It's a stretch too far to believe that they have any expectation of an indictment of Clinton. It's likely they know that President Obama and the DOJ will "take care" of the situation. It's the Clinton way, never held accountable.


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Los Porteños Dogo Argentino Kennel Website
Website of De Los Porteños Dogos Argentinos Kennel located in The Netherlands.
Dogo Argentino Puppies, Info, Standards, Photo`s, Pedigree Database and more.
Last Litter of Puppy`s: K-Litter De Los Portenos
Puppy's AVAILABLE....!!!! See also my FACEBOOK
Male Puppy Available:
Facebook Photoalbum of Kesare Huaco De Los Portenos
Dogo Argentino
El Dogo Argentino, the white wildboarhunter & national dog of Argentina.
At the start of this century dogfights in Argentina became forbidden and were held no more, because of this the dog that was used for these fights Perro de Pelea Cordobes was less and lesser seen. Antonio Nores Martinez, ,at that time a young enthusiastic hunter, got an idea to use the Perro de Pelea Cordobes and breed a huntingdog capable of hunting wildboar, pumas and other biggame wild. With the help of his family they started breeding with these and other dogbreeds, like: Great Danes for heigt and head, Pointers for there hunting abillity(nose), English Bulldog(old type) for there enormes chest, persistence and character, White Bullterrier for color and no fear of pain, Boxers for reliability, easy handling and stamina,, Bordeaux Dogs for courage and great jawstrength, Irish Wolfshound for speed and huntingability, Spanish Alano for power, Mastin De Los Pireneos for color, strength agianst extreme weather and thick bones. Antonio Nores Martinez bred 2 family`s of Dogo Argentino named: "Araucana" and "Guarani". At Los Algarrobos (the name of his ranch kennel) many puppy`s were born and even Jabalies (wildhogs of Argentina) were held to test the different Dogos Argentinos for there huntingability. As Antonio Nores Martinez died in 1956 his brother Agustin Nores Martinez went on breeding and propagate the Dogo Argentino. Agustin Nores Martinez took his Dogos Argentinos on his journeys to different countries with him, he was a jurist and an Argentinian Ambassador.
Los Porteños Dogo Argentino Kennel
We are Willem-Alexander & Martine, Dani & Britt van Rooijen. We have been breeding, owning, training and living with Dogos Argentinos since 1996. I met my first Dogo Argentino in 1989 in The Netherlands when I was 18 years of age, from that day I just knew I had to have a Dogo Argentino, her name was Quinta...More about Los Porteños Dogos Argentinos...
Our website contains information about the Dogo Argentino and our Kennel De Los Porteños. Subjects about; History of the Dogo Argentino, Dogo Argentino Standard, Behaviour, Pedigrees, different Dogo Argentino Photo Gallery`s, Dogo Argentino Video Gallery`s, Dogo Argentino Health & Caracter Certificates, De Los Porteños Dogo Argentino Puppy`s, Our breeding, Dogo argentino Links, Our Dogos Argentinos, Our News & Dogo Argentino News...
Allthough our De Los Porteños Dogos Argentinos Wesite is in English and you might want to contact Los Porteños Dogos Argentinos. We speak English, Dutch/Nederlands, Spanish/Español and German/Deutsch as well...
We hope you will like our website...Please leave a message in our Los Porteños Guest-book.
Willem-Alexander & Martine, Dani & Britt van Rooijen
Duinmeer 58
3994 HB Houten Nederland
Phone/Fax: +31 (0)30-6360529
Gsm: +31 (0)6-55102619
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/DeLosPortenos
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/DeLosPortenos
Facebook Fanpage: http://www.facebook.com/LosPortenos
Twitter: http://twitter.com/LosPortenos
Hyves: http://losportenos.hyves.nl/
Google +: http://www.google.com/profiles/Wilhelmus1971
Msn: Add to MSN Messenger
Skype: Los Porteños
Skype status: Connection Failure.
Los Porteños
Dogo Argentino Pedigree Database
Los Porteños Dogo Argentino Pedigree Database is back online....!!!
Please, send us a copy of your Dogo Argentino`s pedigrees and we will update them to the database?? The Dogo Argentino pedigree database can be used to see pedigrees with multi generations back, make trial mating pedigrees, look up ancestors and siblings, date of birth, pedigree numbers, and so on......
Mastino Napoletano Club Nederland
MNCN, Rasvereniging voor Mastino Napoletano, Dogo Argentino, Dogo Canario, Dogo Mallorquin, Mastin Español, Fila Brasileiro & Rafeiro Do Alentejo in Nederland.
MNCN, Breedersclub of Mastino Napoletano, Dogo Argentino, Dogo Canario, Dogo Mallorquin, Mastin Español, Fila Brasileiro & Rafeiro Do Alentejo for the Netherlands.
Website: http://www.mncn.nl


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(757) 774-8650
Toll Free 1-855-WILDPRO (945-3776)
Tidewater Wildlife & Pest Management, LLC provides striped skunk removal, striped skunk control, and striped skunk pest control in Yorktown, VA.
The striped skunk can adapt to human environments easily and usually by choice. In human environments striped skunks can adapt easily due to the abundance of food and shelter. Humans provide food sources such as bird feeders, trash cans, and pet food bowls that are replenished regularly. Urban landscapes provide attractive nuts, buds, and fruits from trees that striped skunk will favor. Once a striped skunk has found a prevalent food source it will look for a den site that is relatively close to that food source. Your home is the den site due to increases in urbanization or land development in striped skunk inhabited areas, and the overpopulation of Striped skunks in these areas does not help. Loose foundation vents, drain pipes, and low laying decks or porches are the most common den locations around your home. Striped skunks are very mild mannered, nocturnal or nighttime animals and when they are around you will smell it. They will only spray when they feel threatened. Dogs and cats are the main reason that striped skunks spray in urban environments. The breeding season and when the young realize they have a defense mechanism seem to be a peak spray period to. When a striped skunk sprays outside the odor can be detected through every house in the neighborhood, unless of course they spray directly under yours. Their droppings and urine leave a lingering skunky odor, not to mention a biohazard in crawl spaces. As long as we continue to urbanize and provide an abundance of food to the striped skunk they will continue to adapt to human environments and pose a threat to homes and human health.
If you need striped skunk control, striped skunk removal, need to get rid of striped skunks, or to get rid of a striped skunk infestation in Yorktown, Yorktown in Accomack County, Mathews County, York County, VA. Tidewater Wildlife & Pest Management, LLC is here to help you. Please Contact Us to help solve your striped skunk problem.
CLICK HERE for more information about skunk removal services in Yorktown, VA.
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PO Box 21208 Roanoke, VA 24018
Toll-Free: 1-855-WILDPRO (945-3776)


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If your cat seems bored with its food, offer a wet food with a different texture and flavor. Experiment by placing a few different types side by side to see which one your cat likes best.read more
It's Be Kind to Animals Week, a time to celebrate your cat and promote treating all animals humanely. Here are some ways you can show your cat why it's loved and treasured.more
Inquisitive cat behavior and Thanksgiving don't always mix. Keep your kitty safe and happy this holiday season with these suggestions.more
Ever feel like the bleak winter brings you down? Your cat might be affected, too! Luckily, you can improve your kitty's seasonal slump.more
Make your feline's indoor experience as exciting as the great outdoors by engaging all of its senses.more
Cats reach full skeletal development when they are this old:


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Lots of Spaces
Apple also helps you keep a tidy desk with Spaces. Its a way to create multiple task-related workspaces with different open documents and applications. Only one space is visible at a time.
You could have a general purpose space for Web surfing and mail, separate spaces for each work or home project and a space for games. Each has only the tools, documents and applications in it that you need for that activity, making for an uncluttered desk.
To flip between spaces, press a direction key or the number key of the Space you want (CTRL + number key on laptops). Switching was instantaneous on the MacBook Pro I used to test Leopard, and its animated application and document windows fly in from the sides.
The feature is easy to set up. Click the Spaces icon on the dock and click in the Enable Spaces checkbox. The default is a two-by-two array of spaces, but you can add more or reduce the number by clicking the add and minus buttons. Now go to each Space and open the applications and documents you need for a given task.
A couple of disappointments, though. You cant have different instances of an application open in two spaces. If Safari (the Mac browser) is already open in one space and you try to open it in another by clicking the dock icon, youll jump to the space where its already open rather than opening another instance of it in the current space.
And you cant have different desktops for each space. That would have been nice to help you see at a glance which space youre in.
Quick Look lets you view the contents of most Mac (and some Windows) document types without actually opening the application.
(Click for larger image).
Look Quick
Quick Look lets you view the contents of most Mac (and some Windows) document types without actually opening the application that created the document.
When youre browsing a folder, highlight a document, then hit the space bar, and up pops a large thumbnail showing its contents. Hit space bar again to get rid of the thumbnail, or you can click the icon at the bottom to make it full screen.
The great thing is the document is live. You cant edit it, but you can scroll through it. And media files such as music and movie clips are playable in fact they start playing automatically.
Its also possible to combine Quick Look with the Cover Flow functionality that Leopard takes from iTunes and applies now to browsing any folder. Choose the Cover Flow viewing option in a folder instead of icon or list view. Youll see something like an accordion file with a thumbnail in the center showing the currently selected file and shadowy half-turned thumbnails for other documents in the folder to right or left of it.
As you scroll to the right or left you can do this on a MacBook by dragging two fingers across the trackpad the next document flips into the center and its Quick Look contents become visible. When you find the one you want, hit space bar, and up pops the Quick Look preview.
If browsing rather than searching is the best way to find a document, and sometimes it is, this is a very good and very cool way of doing it. Where you need to search, using OS Xs Spotlight desktop search utility, you can also use Quick Look and Cover to view results.
Mail Tricks
|Apple Mac Columns
Apple Arrogance Unleashed!
Review: the iPod Touch
Leopard is Good (but it ain't no threat to Microsoft)
Top 10 Mac Productivity Enhancements
Because some people send themselves e-mails as reminders, Apple introduced a Note feature in the new version of Mail, the e-mail application included with OS X. It lets you type a note that appears in your inbox without actually being sent as mail.
When you click the Note icon in the Mail toolbar, a yellow notepad page pops up. After you type your note, you can highlight a line or lines and click the To Do button to turn that text into a to-do item with a check box beside it. You can also add due dates and priority levels for to-do items.
After you click Done in the New Note window, Mail puts the note in the Notes folder under Reminders and any to-do items in the To Do folder, and also in your Inbox (unless you turn that feature off).
Apple has also made setting up a mail account easier too, at least with some types of accounts. You just type in a name for the account, the e-mail address and your password and Mail sets it up automatically. It worked for my ISP-provided Yahoo mail account.
Another cool Mail trick: the application can recognize contact and calendar data in the text of a message and lets you add it to a new or existing Address Book or iCal (calendar) item.
Time Machine is an instant backup utility that lets you easily recover files.
(Click for larger image).
Mouse over an address, phone number, e-mail address, time or date and Mail draws a marquee around it. Click the link inside the marquee to pop up a context menu and choose the option to create a new item or add the selected data to an existing item.
Its uncanny how much of the relevant information Mail can pull from a message to create the new item. Its not just the data element you started with. When I told Mail to create an iCal item from just the date in a message, iCal was also able to extract the correct time and text for the name of the event.
Time Machine
Apples Time Machine backup utility, new with Leopard, may be the piece de resistance. Plug in any USB or Firewire hard drive and Leopard automatically begins the process of setting up an automatic hourly backup, which gives you an exact image of your Mac at intervals going back in time.
If you lose a file, you can launch Time Machine and scroll back through time to a version of your computer that still had it. To restore the file, click on it. Brilliant.
Bottom Line
Leopard isnt perfect, but its still a monster of an OS upgrade. If youre a Mac-head, go out and buy it now. If you own a PC and you're thinking of making the switch to Mac, Leopard could clinch the deal.
This article was first published on SmallBusinessComputing.com.
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HomeAway.co.uk, the home of Holiday-Rentals®, is part of the HomeAway family. As the world leader in holiday rentals, we offer the largest selection of properties for any travel occasion and every budget. We're committed to helping families and friends find the perfect holiday rental to create unforgettable travel experiences together.
A very tasteful refurbishment, with everything you need for a comfortable holiday. The apartment overlooks the river, and the natural hot spring is a short walk away. The area is breathtaking, and the volcanoes of the Central Massif are also close by.
We had a super stay!


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Mexican Chapter
The aim of the Mexican Chapter is to pursue the mission of ICON-S within Mexico.
The Chapter is established in order to:
- Promote the mission and the values of ICON-S. In particular, the commitment to an inter-disciplinary approach to public law that engages constitutional, administrative and international law scholars and practitioners so as to better understand global and transnational legal developments;
- Promote knowledge of public law and membership in the organization;
- Encourage the capacity and engagement of junior scholars and Global South scholars with the work of ICON-S;
- Transparency, accountability and good governance, as well as gender equality and diversity in governance;
- Cooperate, while remaining distinct, with existing national and regional organizations;
- Regularly disseminate notice of its events and activities via ICONnect, and communicate an annual summary of its activities to the ICON-S Executive Committee;
- Be subject in its scope, governance and membership, to periodic reviews (approximately every 3 years) by the members of the ICON-S Executive Committee, with the possibility of being asked by the Executive Committee to dissolve, reconstitute or alter the scope and membership;
- Promote joining ICON-S and paying the ICON-S annual membership fee;
- Submit to ICON-S information on the Chapter activities, which will, where appropriate, be featured on the ICON-S website.
Governance. The Chapter will be governed by two co-chairs that will take decisions by agreement. The first two co-chairs will be the founding members. Only ICON-S members can be co-chairs. Each year, the two co-chairs will communicate an annual summary of their activities to the ICON-S Executive Committee and to the members of the Chapter.
Co-chair. The two co-chairs will hold office for 3 years with one possible reelection. Every three years the two co-chairs will be elected by majority vote from among the other members of the Chapter on a rotational basis.
Membership of the Chapter. Based on his or her merits as a public lawyer, the candidates will have to be approved by the two co-chairs and one member of the advisory committee.
Rights and duties. All members of the Chapter have the following rights and duties:
- Participants are expected to join ICON-S and pay the ICON-S annual membership fee.
- Promote the mission and values of ICON-S.
- Participate in the activities of the Chapter.
Advisory committee. The first two co-chairs will choose the first advisory committee by agreement. This advisory committee will be formed by three distinguished scholars, judges or governmental officials. Every three years the advisory committee will be elected by majority vote of the members of the Chapter. They have the right to be reelected once. The advisory committee will function as an advisory board for the two co-chairs.
Annual conference. The Mexican Chapter will organize each year a national conference with the participation of distinguished scholars, judges or governmental officials. For this purpose, it can work with existing national and regional organizations. The annual conference will be held during a different month than that in which the ICON-S annual meeting is held, preferably before it.
Amendments. The Chapter rules can be amended by a majority vote.
Founding members:
Roberto Niembro Ortega
Ana Micaela Alterio


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Cosmo moves to Ireland
Jilted Salix acquisition target Cosmo Pharmaceuticals is moving to Ireland. Bloomberg reports that the Italian drugmaker has decided to move its executives and official address to Ireland and plans on building a new manufacturing plant.
The move will give Cosmo the tax benefits it expected to get by being acquired by Salix, but did not get when the Raleigh, NC, company quashed the deal soon after the US Treasury introduced new tax inversion rules.
The plan was that gastrointestinal drugmaker Salix would buy Cosmo, set up shop in Ireland and lower its tax rate, but Salix said it changed its mind because the new tax rules made the deal less desirable. Cosmo's CEO shrugged off the rejection at the time, telling Bloomberg "The political environment changed, the shareholders maybe pushed them to sell the company, it's easy to understand." Cosmo also left with $25 million in break-up fees..


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YUM: Japanese designer makes chocolate LEGOs you can actually eat
There are good ideas and then there are great ideas, but this is the best idea. A Japanese designer named Akihiro Mizuuchi has invented one of the smartest things I can think of: edible LEGOs.
It's already impressive that Akihiro Mizuuchi made it so you can eat the small block toys, but when you add the fact that they are made of chocolate, you have pure genius.
The brick LEGOs are made of dark and milk chocolate and come in a variety of fun colors, including pink, white, brown, and dark chocolate. What's even cooler about the tasty LEGOs is that you can build all kinds of extraordinary characters, especially funny robots.
http://dfvr.co/1kkY1n3"" target="_blank">See Jung Il Woo fight ghosts and monsters in his quest to become the rightful ruler of Joseon in The Night Watchman's Journal


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Can't fool us — Tom Hiddleston's Instagram is so obviously a publicity stunt
Nothing suspicious about this at all, no.
More: If you were rooting against Taylor Swift & Tom Hiddleston, you can stop now
Tom Hiddleston has officially joined Instagram. The Thor star kicked off his new social media account by posting a selfie of himself in full costume for his role as Loki, captioned, "He's back!" In a matter of days, Hiddleston's verified account has picked up more than a quarter of a million followers.
But it's kind of weird that Hiddleston held out so long on joining Instagram and then joined as soon as he started dating social media pro Taylor Swift, right? Are we the only ones thinking he joined only so that Swift can sneakily use his Instagram to further control her own image?
More: Tom Hiddleston's life is pretty sweet right now & Taylor may be the reason
After all, Swift has taken a little bit of a PR beating lately. Her ongoing feud with Kim Kardashian and Kanye West over whether she actually approved the lyrics about her in West's song "Famous" was finally settled when Kardashian released a series of videos on Snapchat showing the phone call that happened between West and Swift — and she actually did approve most of the lyrics even though she denied it.
Swift had been able to keep her image squeaky clean for a solid decade until that incident, which had fans and followers turning on her, calling her a liar and a snake. In short, she could use some good publicity, so we have the feeling we're about to get a timeline full of sappy Hiddleswift content from a certain someone's brand-new Instagram account.
More: Taylor Swift's Kanye West drama isn't scaring away Tom Hiddleston
Do you think Tom Hiddleston's Instagram account is just a publicity stunt to help repair Taylor Swift's image?
Before you go, check out our slideshow below:


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We were invited to a friend's house for dinner and games over the weekend, and she served this fantastic ziti dish that I hope to eventually get the recipe for! When I was trying to decide on what to bring for dessert, I stumbled across this Peanut Butter Cup Crunch Brownie recipe over at Sally's Baking Addiction. After reading the reviews and recipe, I knew I had to try them right away. I was a little nervous how they would turn out, but, honestly, how can you go wrong with these ingredients?! They have a fudgy brownie base with a center layer of peanut butter cups and peanuts, and then they are topped off with a crunchy layer of melted chocolate and peanut butter with Rice Krispies cereal. Chewy and crunchy all in one bite! Serve them with some vanilla bean ice cream on the side, and they will be sure to please!
Note: These are really rich, so I would suggest cutting them into smaller serving squares.
Note: These are really rich, so I would suggest cutting them into smaller serving squares.
Yields 16 brownies (cut into smaller squares if desired)
Recipe adapted from Sally's Baking Addiction
Brownie Layer:
- 1/2 c salted butter
- 8 oz semi-sweet chocolate, coarsely chopped
- 1 1/4 c sugar
- 3 large eggs
- 1 tsp pure vanilla extract
- 3/4 c all-purpose flour
- 1/2 tsp salt
Middle Layer:
- 3/4 c salted peanuts
- 8 full size Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, chopped
Top Layer:
- 1 1/2 c semi-sweet chocolate chips
- 1 1/2 c creamy peanut butter
- 1 tbsp unsalted butter
- 1 1/2 c Rice Krispies cereal
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Generously spray a 9 x 9 inch baking pan.
Make the brownie layer. Melt the butter and chocolate in a medium saucepan, stirring constantly. Remove from the heat, and stir in the sugar. Whisk in the eggs one at a time. Whisk in the vanilla. Gently fold in the flour and salt. Pour the batter in your prepared pan. Bake for 30 minutes.
Make the middle layer. Remove the pan from the oven, and sprinkle the peanuts and peanut butter cups evenly over all. Place back in the oven, and bake for 5 additional minutes.
Meanwhile, make the top layer. Melt the chocolate chips, peanut butter, and butter in a medium pa over medium-low heat, stirring frequently. Remove from heat, and stir in the Rice Krispies cereal. Spread the mixture evenly over the brownies.
Refrigerate for 2 hours before cutting into squares. Cut into serving squares. Remove from the fridge 15 minutes before serving.
Store covered in the refrigerator for up to three days.


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What is an Art Car?
Art Cars or art mobiles usually begin their lives as an older or used vehicle (car, truck, van, bus, jeep, golf cart, etc.). The owner of the car decides they want to alter their automobile, not necessarily converting what's under the hood (unless it is a lowrider.)* but instead transforming the exterior/ interior of the car. To what degree and how this transformation is made is entirely up to the imagination, skills and resources of the car owner.
There are a variety of ways to make an Art Car:
- Some people approach the alteration of their cars cautiously and tentatively, opting to use materials of a temporary nature, such as paper and tape;
- Some are satisfied with the original shape of the car and decide to simply paint it, treating the vehicle as though it were a canvas;
- Some people glue thousands of similar or dissimilar objects to their automobile;
- Some decide to radically change the original structure of the vehicle so that it in effect becomes a moving sculpture; Some use a destructive approach, removing things from the outside of their cars, exposing the inside;
- And others employ a totally radical approach, removing the existing frame and building their car a brand new frame.
Why Would Your Class Make An Art Car?
There are lots of reasons why your class would consider making an art car.
When children create Art Cars:
- They participate in community events (parades) and traditions, and thereby become part of that community. By participating in these community events they also develop a greater sense of pride in themselves, their schools and their immediate community.
- Their concept of the world expands beyond the bounds of their immediate community.
- They learn to concentrate and pay attention to details.
- They learn to have pride in their accomplishments as a group and as individuals.
- They learn to set long term goals and then achieve the satisfaction of reaching those goals.
- They master problem solving skills and develop discipline.
- They discover the value of teamwork.
- They develop a greater understanding of conflict resolution and compromise.
- They learn to appreciate the freedom of expression a project of this nature provides.
- And most importantly, they gain a greater sense of self.
As an educator, you know that when a children develops these skills, they can rule the world, have fewer discipline problems, take pride in themselves and their work and become better students.


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Oscars at New York's Daniel: 'Something That Feels Like Home'
New York-Based Members of the Academy Gather at Restaurant for Academy Awards
While the A-listers at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles ate pizza courtesy of talk-show host Ellen DeGeneres on Sunday night, the New York members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences dined on chicken with black truffle wild rice, courtesy of Daniel Boulud.
The occasion was the Official Oscar Night Viewing Party and Dinner at Daniel.
The dinner and awards screening kicked off at the restaurant last year, though East Coast members of the Academy have been watching the Academy Awards ceremony together for longer than that.
"We wanted to find something that feels like a home," said Patrick Harrison, the Academy's director of New York programs and membership, "and the Daniel brand and the Academy brand seem to go hand in hand."
The event, which included 136 diners, was, Mr. Harrison noted, more in the spirit of the first Academy Awards in 1929, when 270 people gathered for a banquet.
"It's more relaxed and festive," he said, compared with what was going on in Los Angeles.
And because there were big-screen TVs showing the main event around the dining room, "I sometimes think we have better seats than people sitting in the Dolby Theatre."
The one thing that Mr. Harrison missed about attending the Oscars was the red carpet.
"You see every filmmaker that you've admired your entire life," he said, "and everyone's still in a good mood because the awards haven't been handed out yet."
Mr. Boulud said he appreciated the mood and casual feel of this event. Because the awards show didn't start until after the first course, guests also tended to talk about his food as much the front-runners.
The chef said he was rooting for "Dallas Buyers Club"—"really fabulous"—though he also enjoyed "Captain Phillips," which he watched on a airplane.
"On a trip to Asia, I can catch up and watch three. On a trip to L.A., it's more like 1½ movies," he said.
Actress S. Epatha Merkerson, on the other hand, tries to see as many films as possible at the cinema. "That's the only way to see a movie, by being around an audience," she said.
Ms. Merkerson attended the Oscars in L.A. last year. ("The first year you become a member of the Academy, you've just got to go," she said.) On Sunday, she was rooting for a long-shot: "Nebraska."
Overall, the industry insiders predicted the winners well.
"I'm in the '12 Years a Slave' camp, decidedly so," Anne Chaisson, executive director of the Hamptons International Film Festival, said of the Best Picture category. "I think everyone who worked on that movie should win."
She added: "But I do think Alfonso Cuarón should win best director for 'Gravity.'"
The most accurate guest of all was actor Norm Lewis, who correctly guessed Best Picture, Director, Actor, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress and Original Song.
"Maybe I should have done a pool," he said. "I could have won some money."


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In December 2009 Passport to the Internet was honoured by the MEDEA Awards in the 'Highly Commended' category.
Passport to the Internet, an Internet literacy tutorial, helps students in Grades 4 to 8 develop the critical thinking skills they need to apply to their online experiences by enabling them to use popular online tools and websites in a secure and ethical manner, and to their full potential.
Using simulations of the most popular Internet environments, this interactive resource teaches students key skills relating to:
- online safety
- authenticating online information
- recognizing online marketing ploys
- protecting their privacy
- managing online relationships
- dealing with cyberbullying
- an interactive online tutorial
- an extensive Teacher's Guide with detailed instructions, backgrounders, and classroom activities and handouts
This promotional video provides an overview of the Passport to the Internet student tutorial.
Annual Licence Fees
All fees are quoted in Canadian dollars before applicable taxes.
- Individual School Licence - $230
- District Licence - $49 per Grade 4-8 school in the district (Minimum fee $230)
- Faculty of Education Licence - $250
- University or College Licence - $380
For information about previewing Passport to the Internet or purchasing a licence please contact us:
Telephone 1-613-224-7721
Toll free in Canada 1-800-896-3342
Fax: 613.224.1958


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AAPM&R has created resources to help members gain information on the Medicare enrollment process.
The NPI is a unique identification number for covered health care providers. Covered health care providers, and all health plans and health care clearinghouses must use the NPIs in the administrative and financial transactions adopted under HIPAA. The NPI is a 10-position, intelligence-free numeric identifier (10-digit number). This means that the numbers do not carry other information about health care providers, such as the state in which they live or their medical specialty. The NPI must be used in lieu of legacy provider identifiers in the HIPAA standards transactions.
The purpose of the CAC, in addition to participating in policy development, is to serve as a mechanism for discussing and improving administrative policies within the Carrier's (or A/B MACs) authority, and to provide a forum for exchanging information between Medicare contractors and physicians. Members are encouraged to contact firstname.lastname@example.com with concerns.
Comparative Billing Reports (CBRs) are educational tools administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). CBRs are disseminated to the provider community to provide insight into billing trends across regions and policy groups.
Throughout the year, the Academy sponsors webinars that focus on issues concerning the regulatory, federal, quality, and coding and reimbursement issues directly related to physiatry.


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Karma Rags: Vintage Clothing, Studio 272
Karma Rags is more than just your local vintage clothing shop. Owner Cheryl Carlson started this independent business with a mission and a vision: Growing a fashion culture that supports local while thinking globally, encouraging a community that up-cycles and reuses clothing and textiles to minimize waste and maximize thrift, and challenging people to outright reject conventions that say there is a certain way we are supposed to dress and look.
A long-time founding member of Flying Monkey Arts, Cheryl infuses these ideas into everything she does, from offering grants to aspiring designers, to hosting an annual "Anti-Fashion" show that transforms the FlyMo Theatre stage into a runway of anything-goes iconoclastic modeling. Sound like your kind of scene? Then meet Cheryl and pick up a funky new hat, vintage printed sundress, or whatever other item you want to defiantly wear at Karma Rags in Studio 272 at Lowe Mill ARTS & Entertainment.
Karma Rags features reasonably priced vintage and contemporary Hand-Me-Downs, and is located in Flying Monkey Arts at Lowe Mill ARTS & Entertainment. Karma Rags is independently and radically owned. Karma Rags accepts cash and checks only.


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Breaking News- our voices were heard on 1/17 loud and clear! The rezoning request to allow car dealerships on the NW corner of C-470 and Alameda was denied! After hearing 7 hours of public testimony (almost all in opposition) the Jeffco commissioners passed a resolution in a 2-1 vote to allow several of the requested additional uses (hotel, car wash, gas station) but they DID NOT approve Auto Retail! Check out the coverage on 9 news: click here
We sincerely thank everyone who took the time to attend the hearings, send an e-mail, phone call, tell their neighbors and spread the word on this issue. In many ways our work here is just starting- so please stay tuned for next steps and important updates. Please read here for an more in depth discussion on our position.
How will Car Dealerships at Alameda and C-470 Affect the Regional Economy? Click Here to Find Out (written by three PhD Economists)
An excellent article was recently published in the Westword about the rezoning battle- please click here to read it! We promise it's worth your time.
Please consider making a $5.00 donation via GoFundMe to support our mission- Please Click Here. Donations of any amount are greatly appreciated.
A new petition on Change.Org was started. Please Click Here to Sign! (and also send e-mails and call the commissioners visit Take Action).
The last public hearing on the rezoning will take place on 1/17/2017. The 3 Jeffco County Commissioners will ultimately vote to approve or deny the rezoning. Please plan on attending on 1/17/2017 at 8:00 AM- the public will be allowed to provide testimony at this hearing! It's the last chance to make your voice heard!
Your attendance and participation at the commissioner hearing on 1/17 is extremely important. If you can't make the hearing please make sure to send an e-mail to the 3 Commissioners (Click Here for info on six ways you can help before the hearing!) Check out Events as well for the details. Thank you!
1) a timeline has been posted that details how the heck we got here (car dealerships next to open space and a national natural landmark, you have to be kidding, right?) once you read the timeline you might be just a little bit angry, so please take the time to check it out!
rezoning is not a done deal- please make sure to make your voice heard and e-mail Jeffco planning and zoning as well as Jeffco commissioners. click here for all the info.
2) We Need your help! If you have legal or economic expertise and would like to volunteer your time to help dinosaur ridge neighbors please drop us an e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Thanks so much :)
3) The first referral response letters to the Applicant have been posted by Jeffco planning and zoning in the case files- click here to read NW Parcel and Click here to read SE Parcel. The entire rezoning case files can be accessed by visiting Learn More
4) The first referral period on the rezoning application has ended but the public can still submit comments and register their opposition! There's still time but please don't delay! Click here to learn how (we promise it's pretty easy)!
Thank you for sharing this important information- The opposition to rezoning makes the local news- Check it out
Dinosaur Ridge Neighbors
This local, grass roots organization was formed in late March 2016 to mobilize the citizens of Colorado to defeat the rezoning of privately owned parcels of land at the NW and SE quadrants of C-470 and West Alameda (near Dinosaur Ridge, Green Mountain Open Space and Dakota Ridge Open Space). We truly believe with a unified effort we can stop the rezoning. The ultimate vision is to try and protect the land from uses not compatible with the surrounding open space.


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first AL.com user to add photos or videos of Shear Designs
Shear Designs can be found at 42nd St Sw 3886. The following is offered: Salons. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Lanett there are 16 other Salons. An overview can be found here.
Since 1991, Shear Designs has been providing Hairdressers from Lanett.