text:
- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Parents' beliefs about appropriate infant size, growth and feeding behaviour: implications for the prevention of childhood obesity
© Redsell et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
- Received: 2 February 2010
- Accepted: 18 November 2010
- Published: 18 November 2010
A number of risk factors are associated with the development of childhood obesity which can be identified during infancy. These include infant feeding practices, parental response to infant temperament and parental perception of infant growth and appetite. Parental beliefs and understanding are crucial determinants of infant feeding behaviour; therefore any intervention would need to take account of their views. This study aimed to explore UK parents' beliefs concerning their infant's size, growth and feeding behaviour and parental receptiveness to early intervention aimed at reducing the risk of childhood obesity.
Six focus groups were undertaken in a range of different demographic localities, with parents of infants less than one year of age. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis applied using an interpretative, inductive approach.
38 parents (n = 36 female, n = 2 male), age range 19-45 years (mean 30.1 years, SD 6.28) participated in the focus groups. 12/38 were overweight (BMI 25-29.99) and 8/38 obese (BMI >30). Five main themes were identified. These were a) parental concern about breast milk, infant contentment and growth; b) the belief that the main cause of infant distress is hunger is widespread and drives inappropriate feeding; c) rationalisation for infants' larger size; d) parental uncertainty about identifying and managing infants at risk of obesity and e) intentions and behaviour in relation to a healthy lifestyle.
There are a number of barriers to early intervention with parents of infants at risk of developing obesity. Parents are receptive to prevention prior to weaning and need better support with best practice in infant feeding. In particular, this should focus on helping them understand the physiology of breast feeding, how to differentiate between infant distress caused by hunger and other causes and the timing of weaning. Some parents also need guidance about how to recognize and prepare healthy foods and facilitate physical activity for their infants.
- Childhood Obesity
- Infant Feeding
- Formula Milk
- Participant Number
- Infant Feeding Practice
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the UK has increased significantly since 1995[1], though more recent data suggests that rates have peaked and the incidence is leveling off[2]. The most recent combined rates for childhood overweight and obesity amongst 2-15 year olds are 31% for boys and 30% for girls[1]. Causes and consequences of childhood overweight and obesity have been investigated in a number of observational studies and three systematic reviews have concluded that rapid weight gain during infancy is associated with greater obesity risk in later life[3–5]. An infant's weight trajectory may be influenced by a number of risk factors that are potentially modifiable during their early years. These include infant feeding practices, parental response to infant temperament and parental perception of infant growth and appetite.
Infant feeding practices
The relationship between breast feeding and obesity risk in childhood has been investigated in a number of studies, with contradictory findings[6]. A systematic review and meta analysis conducted in 2004, concluded that breast feeding has a small but consistent protective effect against the development of obesity during childhood[6]. There is emerging experimental evidence that the higher protein content of formula milk may be partially responsible for greater weight gain[7]. There is also observational evidence that early weaning onto solid foods (< 4 months) is significantly associated with overweight or obesity at 3 years[8]. A UK longitudinal cohort study found that infants fed with formula milk were introduced to solid foods earlier than breast fed infants and were less likely to have consumed fruit and vegetables[9]. These study results require cautious interpretation as the cohort consisted exclusively of white, singleton children, who were from more affluent backgrounds. There may be other differences between mothers who choose to breastfeed and those that do not (e.g. breastfeeding mothers may be more health conscious, more responsive to their infant and have a higher socio-economic status (SES)).
Parental response to infant temperament
Parental response to infant temperament is a risk factor for childhood obesity[10]. A qualitative study of 14 low income mothers with overweight young children reported that food was used to soothe fussy infants, calm temper tantrums and shape behaviour[11]. In another study infants with a temperament dimension described as "fear" in relation to their acceptance or rejection of new objects or people were significantly slower to gain weight than those described as "distress to limitations" which is characterized by frustration, reduced sleep, excessive crying and fussiness. The authors speculate that parents who perceive their infants to be fussy or frustrated may use food as comfort which may account for the differences in weight gain between the two groups[12].
Parental perception of infant growth and appetite
Parental perceptions about appropriate size, growth and feeding patterns play an important role in the development of childhood obesity. Baughcum and colleagues[11], in the study described above, reported that mothers had strong beliefs that heavy infants were desirable as weight was the best marker of health and successful parenting. In a later study, Baughcum and colleagues[13] assessed maternal feeding practices and beliefs using feeding questionnaires for infants (n = 453) and pre-school children (n = 634). They described different feeding behaviours between high and low income mothers. Low income mothers reported greater concern about their child's hunger, a lower tendency to use food to calm and greater difficulty feeding their children. They also reported pushing their child to eat more and engaging in more age-inappropriate feeding.
Parental beliefs and understanding are crucial determinants of infant feeding behaviour, therefore any intervention will need to take account of these views. This study aimed to explore UK parents' beliefs concerning their infant's size, growth and feeding behaviours and their receptiveness to early intervention aimed at reducing the risk of childhood obesity.
The objectives were:
To explore perceptions of appropriate infant size and growth including possible cultural influences.
To investigate parental views around infants identified as at risk of childhood obesity by a health professional.
To determine parents' beliefs about infant feeding practices and weaning approaches
Sampling and recruitment
Locality areas and IMD
Name of area
Median (Range) IMD
Area 1
(n = 5)
City suburbs, average numbers of ethnic groups/low rates of childhood obesity (1)
12.19 (8.97-24.58)
Area 2
(n = 4)
Inner City, deprived, high numbers of ethnic group/high rates of childhood obesity (2)
32.92 (12.59-37.67)
Area 3
(n = 7)
Inner City, deprived, average numbers of ethnic groups/high rates of childhood obesity (2)
60.31 (35.57-66.29)
Area 4
(n = 9)
Coastal town, deprived, low minority ethnic groups/high rates of childhood obesity (1)
32.69 (10.39-41.39)
Area 5
(n = 8)
City suburbs, average numbers of ethnic groups/high rates of childhood obesity (2)
12.65 (10.97-28.23)
Area 6
(n = 5)
Rural town, low minority ethnic groups/high rates of childhood obesity (1)
23.01 (19.85-23.01)
At each site, 8-10 parents attending child health (baby) clinics were approached by Health Visitors (UK specialist practitioners in public health) and asked to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria were that parents should be living in the study site and have an infant less than one year of age, during 2008-2009. One focus group took place in the local health or children's centre at each of the six study sites. Participating parents were offered a £20 store voucher and travel expenses.
Each focus group included between 4 and 9 parents, together with a facilitator and note taker. The focus group sessions followed the guidelines set out by Krueger and colleagues (1994)[17]. Participants were provided with a resume of the study's aims and objectives and given an opportunity to ask further questions prior to providing written informed consent. Participants were informed they could withdraw from the focus group at any time but, as their views would be audio-recorded along with other participants; their data could not be erased until transcription.
Data collection
Topic Guide for Focus Group Interviews
Objective 1. To explore perceptions of a good and/or appropriate size for an infant and to identify possible cultural influences
Can you describe your baby's size at birth and your thoughts about this?
How did your baby grow during the first few months of life? What are your thoughts about this?
Has anyone commented on the size of your baby? What did they say and how did you feel about this?
Has anyone's baby grown rapidly on the growth charts? If you are happy to do so can you describe this to us.
Objective 2. To explore parents' views about infants being identified as 'at risk' of childhood obesity by a health professional and to highlight potential barriers to implementation of early identification and prevention of obesity.
Has anyone's baby been identified as "at risk" of developing childhood obesity by a health professional? How did you respond at the time? What are your thoughts about it now?
If a baby was putting on too much weight at what point do you think a health professional should talk to the parents?
How do you think parents might feel if a health professional told them their baby was growing too fast?
Is it possible for a baby to be overweight?
How do you feel about preventing babies from becoming overweight?
Has anyone got any ideas about how to prevent childhood obesity? Where did these ideas come from?
Objective 3. To determine parents' approach to weaning their infants, including food choices, food restrictions, and beliefs about infant feeding practices and energy balance
Would anyone like to talk about how often they feed their baby and how much food their baby eats? Can you tell us how you decide when your baby has had sufficient to eat? What prompts you to offer your baby snacks?
When can you introduce solid foods to a baby?
Does anyone know what the Department of Health recommended age is for the introduction of solid foods?
Who do you listen to when it comes to taking advice about feeding your baby?
Can anyone recall being given advice from a health professional about a suitable diet for a baby under 1 year old?
The focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcription was performed immediately after each focus group to enable identification of individual parents. Participants were provided with an identification number on the transcribed interviews. Notes were used to track each participant's contribution.
Data analysis
Data from the questionnaire was analysed using descriptive and frequency statistics facilitated by SPSS software[18]. The interview data were approached from an interpretative perspective. This involves the researchers looking beyond the actual spoken words in an attempt to understand the meaning behind the discussions[19]. All of the transcribed focus groups were entered into NVIVO 8.0[20]. Two researchers independently coded three of the focus group transcripts each using an inductive approach[19]. The codes were then arranged into related clusters to form a coding frame. The coding frame was then explored for linked and explanatory themes. A coding book was developed following the guidelines set out by Boyatzis (1998) which comprised codes, definitions and examples[21]. An inter-rater reliability check conducted on 10% of the coded data revealed 88% agreement. The coding frame was further revised between two coders and the main themes agreed. The data were then re-analysed as appropriate within the revised framework of themes and sub-themes.
Results and Discussion
Description of sample
Description of parent participants
36 (94.7%)
2 (5.3%)
Age (years)
Mean (SD)
30.10 (6.28)
White British
29 (76.3%)
White European
4 (10.5%)
Black - other
3 (7.9%)
White - other
1 (2.6%)
Asian - other
1 (2.6)
Marital Status
22 (57.9%)
Living with someone
10 (26.3%)
6 (15.8%)
Employment status
Employed full-time
17 (44.7%)
Employed part-time
12 (31.6%)
9 (23.7%)
Occupation [45]
Managers and Senior Officials (1)
3 (7.9%)
Professionals (2)
5 (13.2%)
Associate Professional/Technical (3)
8 (21.1%)
Admin and Secretarial (4)
11 (28.9%)
Skilled Trades (5)
7 (18.4%)
Sales and customer services (7)
2 (5.3%)
Process, plant machinery operatives (8)
1 (2.6%)
Missing response
1 (2.6%)
Body Mass Index (kg/m 2 )
Mean (SD)
26.61 (4.77)
Number of parents who were overweight only
12 (31.6%)
Number of parents who were obese
8 (21.1%)
Description of family and infant characteristics
Number of children in family
Age of infant (in months)
Gender of infant
16 (42.1%)
22 (57.9%)
Breast fed (at all)
27 (71.1%)
Length of time breast fed in months (n = 27)
Mean (SD)
4.48 (2.58)
Study themes
a) Parental concerns about breast milk, infant contentment and growth
Breast feeding and slower infant growth
First time mothers reported difficulties in establishing and maintaining breast feeding and felt that repeated weighing of their infants undermined their progress. This was particularly acute where an infant's weight was lower than anticipated on the growth chart trajectory.
It is extremely worrying though when you look at a baby and they look absolutely fine to you but then put them on the scales and they say that's wrong. Participant number 310
[Child's name] was 8lbs 3 and a half when she was born. I stopped breast feeding cos she wasn't putting on a bit of weight and then she just dropped and now she's following the line which she was on. Participant number 502
There was a strong belief amongst these parents that their breast milk supply was inadequate leading them to supplement their infant's diet with formula milk. This belief was apparent even in more affluent locality.
I was breast feeding him but then I just could never produce enough milk so at fourteen weeks I had to give him a bottle because come six o'clock every night for two weeks on the trot I completely ran out of milk. Participant number 105.
Parents suggested the decision to supplement breast milk with formula milk was often endorsed by health professionals. There was a belief amongst established breast feeders that this was an inappropriate intervention by health professionals and parents with this view described their vulnerability when trying to deal with this unwanted advice.
I wasn't going to give up but I was panicking every time they came expecting them to say you're going to have to put him on formula, until the weight gained. Participant number 310
In the UK, growth chart weight reference points have previously been based on norms for a mixture of breast and formula fed infants[22, 23]. The problem of a mismatch between the reference points and breast fed infants' growth has been previously identified and new charts have now been introduced which set breast feeding as the norm[24]. Parents' accounts suggest that health professionals are not always aware of the difficulties monitoring the growth of breast fed infants using the old charts[22, 23]. In the UK, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health recently introduced training for health professionals on how to use the new charts[24] but at the time of data collection this may not have had an impact on parents' experiences.
I think it just adds panic and there's no point and they're not based on our figures in this country. Participant number 601
Perception that formula fed infants are more content
Parents who provide their infant with formula milk reported a sense of satisfaction based on having knowledge about the amount and timing of feeds. This enabled them to predict their infant's needs and made them feel less anxious about unexplained infant crying. This finding is supported by a larger study exploring the views of 503 British mothers' experiences of infant feeding. 405 respondents reported using formula milk and of these 76% were 'pleased to find a solution that made things easier', and 88% were, 'relieved that baby was being fed'[25].
Sleeps from eight to eight, and I can't complain, but I do think that the feeding we started to feed him and going from breast feeding, you never know what they get, and as soon as I put him on formula I felt more comfortable as a parent that okay, yeah you're having a good amount of milk I know how much you have had so I know you are not hungry when you are crying so when I started putting him to bed and he cried I thought well I know you are not hungry. Participant number 202
b) The belief that the main cause of infant distress is hunger is widespread and drives inappropriate feeding
Parents over-attribute infant distress as hunger
Parents preferred explanation for any changes in infant behaviour, such as unexpected or additional crying, or new night waking between 3 and 6 months, was that the baby was hungry. This resulted in the perception that infants were unsatisfied with a milk only diet and needed to be weaned onto solid foods. However, there are many other factors that could influence infant sleep patterns such as pre-conceptual stress[26], temperament[12] or minor illness. Baughcum and colleagues also reported that parents in their study believed infant crying was a sign of hunger[11]. A recent survey exploring maternal perception of infant feeding cues and pressuring feeding styles reported that 72% of mothers believed that infant crying is a sign of hunger[27].
I started to wean her because she started to wake up at night. Participant number 509
Parents reported weaning their infant earlier than the Department of Health's minimum age of six months,[28] which they considered a difficult goal to achieve. They reported being advised by a health professional to wean their older children at 3 or 4 months and having done so with no adverse consequences they saw no reason to treat their current infant differently.
I know there's more research into like the foods and the allergies and things like that but I also think it is hard when you have had a child already like you're saying yours at four months it's in your head isn't it that all the others were on food at four months. Participant number 402
These findings are supported within the literature. Baughcum and colleagues found that the low income mothers in their study weaned their infants prematurely; a pattern was identified which began with early introduction of rice and cereals and moved onto age inappropriate feeding of other solid foods[11].
Family and peers influence decision-making around infant feeding
Parents reported trying to refrain from age-inappropriate feeding but described family and peer pressure to top-up breast feeds with formula milk, to supplement formula milk feeds with rusks and to start weaning early.
My sister in law (name) her little baby (name) erm little girl she erm she's been having baby rice from four months and when she said to me 'you've only just started her on baby rice' and I said 'well yeah you know in the books now it doesn't say to start weaning until six months anyway', but she looked at me gone out, like 'oh no she's only been milk, she's only been fed by milk' Participant number 201
Parents believed that health professionals supported weaning earlier than the guidance suggested. They reported being advised by health visitors and nursery nurses that they could start weaning their infants onto baby rice and fruit at around four months but should wait until their infant was six months before feeding them more complex foods.
My health visitor said to wean between four and six months. Participant number 203
These results are not surprising since UK policy on recommended weaning ages has changed twice in the past ten years[28]. There seems to be little evidence to support the recommended weaning age of six months apart from a need to support exclusive breast feeding for six months as recommended by the World Health Organisation[29]. Parents are not convinced by this recommendation and UK health professionals require more evidence to support their advice around weaning ages especially in relation to formula fed infants.
Parents described at risk environments where their infant might be exposed unhealthy foods. A few parents mentioned private day nurseries and schools but the main concern stemmed from the negative influence of grandparents. Parents admitted it was grandparents' prerogative to indulge their grandchild but when this extended to family mealtimes they reported feeling they had lost control of their infant's diet.
It's like whenever the grandparents have got him it's like chocolate this and that and it's like when he's with me it's different it's fruit. Participant number 311
Baughcum and colleagues found low income parents were strongly influenced by their parents' ideas about infant feeding practices. Grandmothers encouraged the use of cereals in formula milk bottles and early weaning onto solid foods[11]. Our study findings suggest there is often conflict between parents and family members in relation to infant feeding. Baughcum and colleagues suggest that interventions to alter infant feeding practice may need to include the education of grandmothers,[11] and our findings support a family approach.
c) Rationalisation for infant's larger size
Parents of premature babies have a strong desire for rapid catch-up growth
Parents expressed a sense of fulfillment when their infants gained large amounts of weight according to the centile charts. In particular, parents of premature infants had a strong desire for them to catch up to perceived norms, which was endorsed by others in the group.
He was only 2lbs 2oz when he was born so he was tiny, tiny, there was nothing to him really. He's now seven months so he's caught up really quickly. Participant number 602
He's done really well then. Participant number 601
Yes he has, he's now seven months so he's caught up pretty, he's caught up really quickly. Participant number 602
Low birth weight infants are at risk of developing childhood obesity largely because of nutritional and other factors that arise antenatally[30]. However, there is some evidence that rapid catch up growth can be detrimental in terms of long term health outcome for low birth weight infants. Ibanez et al (2006)[31] report that small for gestational age children, with rapid weight gain between birth and two years, experience greater central adiposity and insulin resistance between ages 2-4 years, predisposing them to childhood overweight and obesity. Rapid weight gain during infancy has been associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and/obesity during the life course[3–5].
Parental preference for fatter infants
This theme was evident in groups conducted in both affluent and deprived localities but was only found in parents classified overweight or obese in this study. These parents were biased towards larger babies and believed that having a bigger infant was healthier; a finding also reported previously[11].
Running around big fatty things, they look gorgeous. Participant number 601
I was quite happy that he was getting a little bit podgy. Participant 311.
There was a view that articulating a preference for a bigger infant is less socially acceptable than it was in previous generations. Although a minority of parents suggested they preferred larger infants the general view was that this was a stronger preference amongst older family members.
My parents and my mother in law all think babies should be fat. Participant number 506
Shame and stigma in relation to overweight or obese infants
Some parents believed there was shame and stigma in having an overweight or obese infant. Parents with overweight or obese infants found it easy to justify their infant's size amongst themselves but feared criticism from others, such as health professionals, family or peers.
And sometimes my friends have like you know something's been said surreptitiously about her being a bit bigger on her tummy and I'm thinking I don't know what you're supposed to do. You do get hurt, you do take it personally. Participant number 601
d) Parental uncertainty about identifying and managing infants "at risk" of obesity
Reluctance to identify their infants as overweight
This theme was only present in the overweight/obese mothers. Their most favoured attribution for larger infants was family history and for those affected there was a sense of learned helplessness.
[Baby's name] was nine pounds two when he was born so he was a big boy and I was told that you know when I had my twenty week scan they were like oh erm yes he's quite a large baby and I mean my husband's like six foot four and I'm five foot nine. Participant number 103
There was a general acceptance that large parents produce larger babies. Mothers were quite defensive about any suggestion that their infant might be overweight or growing too quickly
There are other things they can look at to measure, the health, the good health of the child, not just the weight, as it is these days just because of the weight, weight, weight, it's really putting a strain on parents really. Participant number 305
Overweight and obese mothers did not articulate any concerns about the health risks associated with obesity, nor did they describe what they might do to prevent their infants from becoming obese children. It seems unlikely that the parents taking part in this study were unconcerned about obesity but they may have failed to acknowledge that their own infant was at risk. A survey conducted in the US with 83 parents of older children (4-8 years) found parents of overweight children had a similar level of concern about the health risks of obesity and similar knowledge of healthy eating to parents of normal weight children. However, parents of overweight children greatly underestimated their child's weight[32]. Baughcum and colleagues[13] also found that mothers of overweight infants were much more concerned about their infants being underweight than overweight. Etelson et al (2003) suggest that recognition and acknowledgement of childhood obesity is the first step towards tackling the problem[32].
Parental beliefs about overweight or obese infants
Parents were happy to talk about overweight or obese infants they knew in the community but were wary of what they said in the group, possibly through fear of causing offence to other parents present.
When I was visiting a nursery and I seen a overweight baby, baby couldn't even move things like that and it's a bit sad it was obviously overweight, so baby can be overweight. Participant number 204
I think it's a mums own opinion whether they think their own child's overweight. Participant number 307
There was a strong belief that an infant's weight levels out at one year and led to a view that health professionals should not be assessing infants as "at risk" and introducing management plans until after they have started physically moving around. This view was also expressed by UK health professionals in a study exploring their role in managing infants' at risk of developing overweight/obesity[33].
I think babies can be chunky but I think you never know which way it's going to go until they get to an age and then it's just looking at what do you feed your child. Participant number 202
Parental preference for continuity and sensitivity in health professional approach
Parents emphasised the way they would like to be approached by a health professional if their infant was gaining too much weight. Parents generally preferred to be approached by someone whom they knew and respected.
Quite nice for it to be someone that perhaps you've got a bit of a relationship with and I don't know I mean I saw a lot of the health visitor when [baby's name] was very little and would have welcomed her and did welcome any advice that she had for me and she I felt that she actually knew [baby's name] quite well. Participant number 104
There was a view that health professionals needed to be more explicit about infant overweight with parents.
If it was me I'd like someone to be quite blatant with me cos I think then I'd do something about it I think if someone is a bit half hearted about it and says oh well you know your baby could be overweight or could be obese I probably wouldn't do anything about it, but if someone said to me it'd probably make me step back and think you know what we need to stop doing that, I'll stop doing that so but then again I know it can be hurtful and you know upsetting but I think sometimes you need that to make a change in your baby's diet Participant number 201
Parents were not keen on the idea of restricting diet during infancy even for very large infants but they thought that that dietary content and quality could be explored by health professionals.
It should be 'what are you feeding them' because then diet is probably a big thing, there's nothing you can do when they're under one, if they're hungry you have to feed them that's it, I can't see any other way round it. Participant number 311.
There is no evidence to support these findings in relation to parents of infants who gain weight rapidly. However, it is well-established that health care recipients value continuity of care from a provider with whom they have an on-going relationship[34]. The value upon which parents place the relationship with their health provider needs to be considered when designing any intervention.
e. Intentions and behaviour in relation to a healthy lifestyle
Gaps in understanding about a healthy diet and the organic myth
Parents believed good eating habits started from a young age and were receptive to the idea of getting it right from the start.
I think it should happen before weaning personally, I think that because if you get baby with bad habits, you won't, it will be difficult to change it later. Participant number 101
Parents were able to articulate some of the features of a healthy weaning diet, however, there were gaps between what parents understood to be healthy and what is actually known to be healthy. Parents living in rural localities criticised the limitations of their local shops and complained about the distance to supermarkets which stocked pre-prepared organic baby foods which they perceived to be better than local fresh foods. Parents from all localities reported offering their infants snacks between meals. The explanations for doing so ranged from the experience of sharing food with the parent to using snacks as a way of keeping infants going until the next meal. Parents preferred the idea of a snack with its own packaging and hence reduced the need to take cutlery and/or find containers themselves when away from home. Emphasis was placed on the value of organic convenience food snacks.
She's having milk sort of that kind of fills in the gaps between mealtime but she also has erm the organic they're like crisps kind of finger foods that you get from the supermarket. Participant number 203
Parents wanted to do the best for their infants and some, including those on low incomes believed that to do so involved providing expensive, organic foods. However, a recent review commissioned by the Food Standards Agency found no additional nutritional benefit associated with organic foods when compared with conventional foods[35].
When you calculate what it costs to feed children [product name] food and the healthy food it is quite expensive and I think it's time consuming cooking for children. Participant number 202
You know if you put organic one hundred percent this and if it doesn't say one hundred percent should I not be giving it to her? And you've got to pay through the nose for it. Participant number 309
Younger parents, particularly those living in the deprived localities, reported being unable to produce home cooked foods either for themselves or for their infants.
My parents cooked, they cooked really nice home meals but I don't know how to do them. Participant number 203
They seemed anxious about trying to cook even the simplest weaning foods and fed their infants pre-processed weaning foods. These parents believed that such foods were better than anything they could cook.
Infants' need physical activity
One group of parents described the importance of encouraging early physical activity for infants even if that just meant taking them out of their buggies and giving them more scope to move.
There's a buggy thing, but they're sat in their buggies. Participant number 605
This group of parents felt that more could be done to encourage early physical activity.
There's not much advice, information around encouraging your baby's mobility. Participant number 604
There are anecdotal reports from health professionals that suggest that extensive use of buggies may increase the risk of childhood obesity[36]. There is also (unpublished) evidence that suggests the use of forward facing buggies may be stressful for infants[37]. Clearly more research is needed to explore early years' activity and obesity risk.
Strength and limitations of study
The descriptive data, including parents' height and weight, was collected by parental self-report. Self-reported weight measures have been reported as inaccurate with trends for under-reporting for weight and BMI and over-reporting for height[38]. This may mean that the participants in our study were more overweight or obese than reported. Caution is needed, however, since all the female participants had given birth within the previous year and the weight reported may not reflect their typical weight. Qualitative methods were used to understand parent's explanations for their infant's size, growth and diet. The results represent an underlying social reality for the participants and generate various hypotheses which contribute to our understanding of the theory around infant feeding practices[39]. An attempt was made to include study sites with high and low rates of childhood obesity in order to recruit more parent participants whose infants may be at high risk of rapid weight gain. However, local and national data on rates of childhood obesity were incomplete at the time the study was set up and the IMD of the health centre was used as a proxy measure[16] to select four of the six study sites. The median IMD for each of the six study sites was retrospectively re-calculated using the parent participant's individual postcodes (Table 1). This revealed that in some of the study sites the parents who participated in the focus groups were living in more affluent locations than predicted. We cannot, therefore, say with certainty that the areas selected were those where infants were at greatest risk, or in the case of one area lowest risk. Participants' views were more homogenous than expected which may be due to a group effect. It may also have reflected that, despite the wide sampling, personal commonalities between the participants outweighed the impact of their respective geographic locations. Participants were volunteers and the details of those who were approached but did not participate were not collected. Some of the views expressed may, therefore, be different from non-participants in some meaningful way.
Both the researchers, who undertook the field work for the study, are qualified health visitors. The 'health-care-professional-as-researcher' is uniquely placed as they are already immersed in the field and have important insights into patient issues[40]. However, they can add a significant power imbalance and raise difficulties for participants in how free they feel to be open and/or critical[41]. At the time of the study the researcher were not practising and this information was shared with the participants. This research was undertaken in areas where the researchers have never practised and, therefore, could not have had a professional relationship with the parents.
This study has shown how views of appropriate infant size and growth might influence parental feeding behaviours. Overweight and obese women in our sample preferred larger infants which has been previously reported[11]. Cultural and individual preferences for larger infants appear to influence some parents and they are implicitly adopting poor infant feeding practices. This finding has been previously established. A prospective observational study conducted on mother-infant dyads (n = 3768) in Denmark found that high maternal pre-pregnant BMI is associated with lower gestational weight gain, increased infant weight gain, less breastfeeding and earlier weaning[42]. When compared to normal weight women, overweight and obese women breast fed for shorter duration and weaned their infants earlier[42].
The study also revealed gaps in knowledge regarding good infant feeding practices, a finding which has been previously reported[43]. Parents also perceived gaps and inconsistencies in the information they received from health professionals. The knowledge of UK health visitors, general practitioners and practice nurses in relation to infant feeding has not been reported in the recent literature; therefore it is difficult to know for certain if this is the case. Advice from friends and family heavily influenced infant feeding choices particularly where there was parental uncertainty and/or anxiety. There were gaps in parental understanding of infant behavior, especially crying, and a commonly held view that distress was caused by hunger, which was endorsed by peers and grandparents, may lead parents to overfeed. Parents' over attribution of "hunger" as an explanation for infant distress is of concern. It appears that parents are not being informed, or not hearing advice about alternative explanations for infant cues. Education about this might need to look at a mother's emotional capacity to seek alternative explanations and well as general advice about the use of food to soothe infants.
This study revealed a number of barriers to early intervention with parents of infants at risk of developing obesity. Parents were uncertain about the management of overweight or obesity during infancy but were receptive to prevention prior to weaning. Clearly there is scope to improve infant feeding practices. Obesity prevention programmes need to provide better support for parents about appropriate infant feeding. In particular, this should focus on helping parents understand the physiology of breast feeding, how to differentiate between infant distress caused by "hunger" and other causes and the timing of weaning. Some parents also need guidance about how to recognize and prepare healthy foods and how to facilitate health physical activity for infants. However, interventions based on knowledge deficit models[44] can only partially tackle obesity prevention. Parents lives are complex and their feeding practices may have evolved as ways of coping with difficult lives and perhaps difficult infant temperament.
This work was funded by the Burdett Trust for Nursing. We would like to thank the research governance teams in the East Midlands for helping us recruit health professionals to this study. We would also like to thank the parents and health professionals who participated.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Nutrition and Public Health Intervention Research Unit: Comparison of composition (nutrients and other substances) of organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs: a systematic review of the available literature. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2009Google Scholar
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- Baker J, Michaelsen K, Rasmussen K, Sorensen T: Maternal prepregnant body mass index, duration of breastfeeding, and timing of complementary food introduction are associated with infant weight gain. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004, 80 (6): 1579-1588.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Graham VA, Gibbons K, Marraffa C, Henry L, Myers J: Filling the gap: weaning practices of children aged 0-2 years in western metropolitan Melbourne. J Paediatr Child Health. 1998, 34 (6): 513-517. 10.1046/j.1440-1754.1998.00288.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/711/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Finding office space in New York is easy. Finding office space that matches up with your company's particular needs can be a challenge. Which is exactly why you enlist an agency that is relentless in that pursuit.
Finding exactly the right location and negotiating a favorable lease are great ways to ensure the success of your business. Partnering with you in that pursuit is the way we measure our success.
City Connected, the official blog of City Connections Realty. We keep real estate — and living in NYC — real.»
Bringing a better real estate experience™ to some of New York City's top developers is becoming an exciting new field for us. »
|City Connections Realty, Inc. supports Equal Housing Opportunity. The federal Fair Housing Act makes it illegal to advertise "any preference, limitation, or discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin, or intention to make such preference, limitation or discrimination." We will not knowingly accept or permit any advertisement for real estate that is in violation of the law. All persons are hereby informed that all dwellings advertised are available on an equal opportunity basis.

subset: commoncrawl


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(Note from the Wingman: In this column, I use the word "friends" the way Facebook does. It's basically the people you know socially who won't kill you and take your stuff if given the opportunity.)
I'm not surprising anyone by saying Chicago is a city of "Who do you know?" Your associations here define the experience, and your friends can make or break your social standing.


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March 31, 2014 06:15 ET
TORONTO, ONTARIO--(Marketwired - March 31, 2014) - Martinrea International Inc. (TSX:MRE) today announced that Nick Orlando will be stepping down as Martinrea's President and Chief Executive Officer, effective date to be determined and will then remain involved with the Company as a consultant. The Company announced that it will conduct a search for a new President and Chief Executive Officer, commencing immediately.
Rob Wildeboer, the Company's Executive Chairman stated: "Martinrea has completed more than a decade of phenomenal growth, despite the challenges of a very competitive industry. That growth has been made possible only through the hard work and dedication of the entire Martinrea team, which has been led by Nick for the past several years. We have had many successes. We thank Nick for giving us his best, even while dealing with some personal health issues, and we wish him well. Meanwhile, he will help us in the search for a new President and CEO, help with the transition, and will assist us as a consultant after that. His knowledge base, skill and expertise are and will remain a great asset for us."
"Martinrea is a tremendous company with a bright future," Mr. Orlando said. "It is a very different company now than the small start-up it was in the beginning. I am very proud of the many great accomplishments achieved by our team during my time here, particularly given the challenges of growing a company in a very tough industry. I am very grateful for the support that both we as a team and I personally have received over the years, from our people, our customers and our stakeholders. I have always given my best for this company and will continue to support it going forward. My immediate focus is on improving our operations and processes in problem plants."
The common shares of Martinrea trade on The Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "MRE".
Martinrea International Inc.Rob WildeboerExecutive Chairman(416) 749-0314(289) 982-3001 (FAX)www.martinrea.comMartinrea International Inc.3210 Langstaff RoadVaughan, Ontario L4K 5B2
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|SEO & Social Media Services
|Written by webmaster
|Sunday, 05 July 2015 21:00
Search Engines Optimization
A website that is not easy to be found on search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo is similar to having a retail store with no address; only who knows you will find you. Here is what do I do to make your website search engines friendly:
Digital Marketing
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Is your website generating enough leads? A well developed and regularly managed website can potentially be your #1 sales and marketing tool.
Knowing where the market is going is one thing,capitalizing on that knowledge is another. With Bluebrad, That changes everything!
My Main Package is $200 [includeded with website services package{see here}]
|Last Updated on Thursday, 30 November 2017 02:27


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Monday, May 16, 2016
Cover: The True North series by Sarina Bowen
Here are the covers:
Personally, I'm a bit ambivalent about these covers. If I didn't know Ms Bowen, I'm not sure I'd pick up these books based solely on the covers ^_^; I like that there are common elements throughout the three covers that mark them as part of the same series and I think the fir trees as the series' brand is well-thought out and eye-catching :) I like the title font; however, the color choices for Steadfast and Keepsake are a bit too neon and clash with the color scheme of the covers in my opinion. Also, I'm not sure it really matches the series... because from the darkness of the covers, my impression is that these books are going to be quite angsty and the titles looks to be, hmmmm, more cheerful. It's a good font for New Adult books though. Then again, I haven't read the series, so I have no idea what the mood of this series is going to be LOL.
I'm not a huge fan of the models chosen for the covers. Yes, they have great physiques, but men with naked torsos, bulging muscles and tattoos seem to be very in overabundance lately, especially in self-published books. Then again, that's my personal tastes ^_^; I'm sure a lot of fans are enjoying the eye-candies. Plus, the fir trees and sky backgrounds keep the covers from being too generic.
So there you have, my two cents for these covers :) Final verdict is that no matter what the covers look like, I'll be picking up these books because they are written by Ms Bowen LOL. Luckily, Bittersweet is released in less than a month, on June 14!
What about you? Your thoughts?
6 comments:
Well, I'm totally going to be picking them up, regardless of covers :-)ReplyDelete
Don't care for the first as beards aren't really my thing, I probably like the second best :-) Interesting that only the third shows a couple.
- AnonymousMay 16, 2016 7:20 PM
I'm with you. The covers feel a little bland to me. I'm also with Li. Beards aren't really my thing either.ReplyDelete
I love them. Especially the first one but I'm a beard fan and have been a beard fan ever since I read Honor's Splendour by Julie Garwood. Hahaha.ReplyDelete
I don't like the trees. They look odd. And the shadows on the first guys back make his muscles look mutated or something. So, yeah, not liking the covers but I'll still read anything Bowen writes.ReplyDelete
I really like these covers. Can't wait to read them!ReplyDelete
Li - LOL, yes, I know. I will too :)ReplyDelete
Hmmmm, I actually like facial hair, but not everyone looks good with beards. And all those trends, meh.
Samantha - Yay!! I'm not the only one. I don't know, they don't do much for me. But like everyone else, I'll still be picking them up :)
Wena - LOL. When did you read Honor's Splendour? :P
Leslie - He's really, really buff indeed. I'm not a huge fan big muscles ^_^; Probably another reason why I'm not a huge fan of the covers.
Ames - They're coming out soon!!


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Pizza Hut Canada recently gave away a limited number of bottles of a new fragrance, which as you might expect, smells like pizza. What literally began as a joke has turned into reality for 100 pizza lovin' Facebook fans.
The fashion blog Fashionista reports that Pizza Hut Canada posted the following question to Facebook fans: "Do you love the smell of a box of Pizza Hut pizza being opened? We thought so. If that smell was a perfume, what would it be called?"
Though intended to be tongue-in-cheek, the response was so strong that Pizza Hut decided to make a limited number of bottles to send to 100 fans.
But does it really smell like pizza? According to Grip Limited, the advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut Canada that fostered the idea, the fragrance is scented like "dough with a little bit of seasoning added." (Close enough I guess.)
What does this have to do with social commerce?
Even though the company has no plans to expand its offering (but who's to say that you might not find a bottle included in your next delivery), the promotion is emblematic of something we've talked about on this blog for years: one of the best ways to drive interest is to offer limited quantities of a new product exclusively to Facebook fans.
Speaking of fragrances, Unilever did it with its "Lynx Attract for Her" fragrance opened a pop-up shop on Facebook and gave away 100 cans of the stuff.
Burberry Body did it with a "tryvertising" campaign giving free samples to Facebook fans.
Even Heinz did it with a tryvertising pop-up store to give samples of its latest
fragrance ketchup to fans. (I suppose they could have applied it as cologne, as well.)
The point is that you don't use this technique to sell products, but to build buzz and brand awareness.
You can call it a PR stunt if that makes you feel better, but it does seem to work. Even if Pizza Hut decides to stay out of the fragrance business and stick to what it does best, the "stunt" was enough to get people talking – including me. (See what I mean?)


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C-Murder was granted a brief moment of freedom on Saturday (03Aug13) after authorities gave him permission to attend his grandmother's funeral
The embattled hip-hop star, real name Corey Miller, is currently serving life at Lousiana State Penitentiary after being found guilty of murdering 16-year-old Steve Thomas in a New Orleans, Louisiana nightclub
Miller was permitted to spend the day in mourning with his family and friends at the ceremony but photographs of the rapper posted on Instagram.com proved that he was still under severe restrictions, as he was snapped wearing handcuffs and his prison orange jumpsuit.
The 42-year-old star posed for family photos with his three daughters, hip-hop star brother Master P and nephew Lil Romeo, who later took to his Twitter.com page to show his support for his uncle.
He wrote, "Being able to just sit & have a conversation w/my uncle (C-Murder) was a blessing. We gonna get you home Uncle C! Love ya."


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Sir Robert McAlpine
About us
Sir Robert McAlpine is a leading UK building and civil engineering company. Committed to the highest standards of quality, safety and sustainability, we deliver outstanding projects which meet and exceed clients' expectations.
Recent high-profile projects include the O2 Arena, Emirates Stadium, the Eden Project, Cabot Circus in Bristol, the M74 Completion in Glasgow and the Olympic Stadium.
A family-owned company with a wealth of experience accumulated over more than 140 years, we recognise that understanding our clients' core values and aspirations is key to our success.
We work with clients across all the major market sectors, tailoring our design, construction, technical and management capabilities to meet their evolving needs.
Our success is underpinned by our corporate stability, the quality and expertise of our staff, our collaborative approach to business and our skill at providing cost-effective solutions to construction challenges.
Internships / placements
There are currently no vacancies on TARGETjobs. Please check back soon.
Remember to mention TARGETjobs when contacting employers!


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Our wonderful customers are the reason we're in business.
Here are some of the great things they've said about us. We'll do everything we can to make sure you're a satisfied customer, too!
- Ambassador Limousine had been recommended to us by our accountant for a trip to/from the airport. It was the first time my family used a limo service. The price was reasonable; the service was great, the driver was great –very professional. It was nice not to have to drive. There were no worries with Ambassador. The service was prompt and on time – both ways. He arrived right on time at our house and delivered us to the airport with no issues. The pick-up from the airport was just as easy…I highly recommend Ambassador Limousine and I will definitely be using their services again! ~ Martha Scully
- Ambassador Limousine is awesome. Their prices are reasonable, and they are very professional. I literally have no complaints.My family and I travel to and from New York each year to visit family for the Holidays, and I occasionally travel through out the east coast for business. My first time using a car service was very pricey and not worth the experience. So when Ambassador Limousine was recommended to me by a coworker from Connecticut I felt a bit apprehensive. I am Happy to say that Ambassador Limousine has exceeded my expectations! This company is very professional, pick up and drop offs are always on time, and sometimes 10-15 minutes. earlier. Their spacious SUV was able to accommodate me, my family (two teenage daughters, 6 year old son, and a Wife), and our Luggage. They are literally available 24/7. Last year my Wife and I decided to spend New years in Manhattan to get drinks with friends. The Company was able to provide us with a driver for the night. He took me and my wife to two events and got us home safely around 3:00 am the next morning. The cost is reasonable for the quality, and the drivers are so professional and know the area if you need a few pointers on what to do on your visit to the east coast. I tell all my friends and clients about this company because they are the best! ~ GodsGrace87
- Ambassador Limousine, Inc. is the only limo service I use for our important clients and company executives. They have very friendly, professional and courteous chauffeurs and they are always on time. They exceed my expectations every time I use their service. I highly recommend them to everyone! ~ Scott B.


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Group Walks
Once you're proficient with the technique, you will be able to take advantage of regular group Nordic walks.
Some group walks are social and operate independently of Nordic Walking for Health, including Flo & Co and Poles Apart that walk in the Brighton & Hove and surrounding areas. Some are led, but with no instruction, e.g. Nordic Healthwalks provided by local Healthwalks schemes. Some are led by an instructor, such as the regular refresher, restarter and Old Timer Nordic walks run by Nordic Walking for Health.
It is important to ensure that you select walks to match your level of competence, take responsibility for preparing adequately beforehand and exercising safely when you participate.
Nordic Healthwalks in Brighton & Hove
Booking is open for the next courses - click on Nordic Healthwalks courses
In January 2013, Nordic Walking for Health launched free Nordic Healthwalks through the Brighton & Hove Healthwalks Scheme.
People who have successfully completed an accredited Nordic walking course and possess their own Nordic walking poles are welcome to participate in the scheme.
Nordic walkers achieving the foundation level of Nordic walking technique can take part in the relatively easy 'green' traffic light level Health Walks that are on offer every day of the week.
Those people who achieve the follow-on Health & Fitness levels can take part in the more demanding 'amber' and 'red' Nordic Progression Walks that are on offer in the afternoon on the 1st and 3rd Wednesday of every month. They are led by Gill Lewis and fellow healthwalk leaders who all learned to Nordic walk on one of our courses.
To date, eighteen courses have taken place with 123 participants reaching the foundation level and many then going on to successfully complete Health & Fitness levels.
To register interest in the walks and/or a course, click on Contact Us
For more information go to Nordic Healthwalks
Neither the courses nor the regular healthwalks is part of an Exercise on Prescription or a GP Exercise Referral scheme.
Nordic Healthwalks currently run on the first and third Wednesday of the month starting at 1.30pm with between 15 and 20 people taking part on a regular basis.
Social Nordic Walks - Brighton, Hove and Shoreham-By-Sea
Social Nordic walking groups provide walks without the presence of a trained walk leader or accredited instructor. They welcome new members who have successfully completed a Nordic walking course to the Fitness level of technique with Nordic Walking for Health or with another accredited Nordic walking instructor.
Flo & Co
The first group to be formed, Flo & Co, started in May 2010 and is NOW OPEN to new members as places have once again become available. The group Nordic walks for about 2 hours covering 3- 5 miles over terrain with varying degrees of difficulty. It is run by Jenny Hayward and currently has 10 active members. Email Jenny to be kept informed of planned walks on Tuesday mornings throughout the year.
Poles Apart
A second social Nordic walking group, Poles Apart, started in April 2013. The group is run by Pippa Merrett and currently has 12 active members. Email Pippa to be kept informed of planned walks every 2nd and 4th Wednesday of the month with occasional extra seasonal walks. Walks, at the moderate to challenging level, are usually about two hours long at various nearby locations.
Castle Hill Nature Reserve - Woodingdean
If you're interested in joining Peter Stanley, a Flo & Co member living in Woodingdean, on one of his weekly Nordic walks (NOT Tuesday PM or Thursday AM) through the reserve, email Peter Stanley or phone him on 01273 692987.
Eastbourne, Lewes, Seaford & Surrounding areas
Nordic Walking for Health is looking for a new volunteer organiser to relaunch social walks for competent Nordic Walkers ONLY, i.e. people who have successfully completed a course with an accredited Nordic Walking Instructor.
Please contact us if you are interested in becoming a volunteer
Ashdown Striders
This new social Nordic walking group had its inaugural walk on 2 August 2015. It is run by a volunteer organiser, who learned to Nordic walk with her son on a Nordic Walking for Health course.
During summer, Nordic walks will take place once a month on Sunday mornings along with some in the eveing.
This group aims to provide regular social walks for competent Nordic Walkers, i.e. people who have successfully completed a course with an accredited Nordic Walking Instructor to at least the Health (amber 'traffic light') level, if not the Fitness (red) level of technique. Please note that there will not be an instructor or trained walk leader present on these walks.
Please email Cate if you are interested in joining the group.


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Lead Grower and Gardener
The Aldingbourne Country Centre is located on the edge of the South Downs National Park - we grow and sell a range of bedding plants to members of the public at our established visitor attraction that draws over 60,000 visitors a year. The Aldingbourne Centre provides vocational training for people with learning disabilities (our clients) across a range of activities including working in our gardens and greenhouses.
We are looking for a person with experience in growing and selling plants in a commercial setting to carry out the following duties:


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Congratulations to Chiska, whose comment number came up on random.org as the winner of the pouch. Thank you to everyone who commented–I really enjoyed reading about your handmade gifts and memories.
It's been a long while since the last time I participated in Sew Mama Sew's Giveaway Day and I'm pleased to be joining up again. I'm offering this hand-embroidered zippered pouch, with a design inspired by those found on Ancient Egyptian faience (such as this bowl).
I wanted the base fabric to match, as well as I could, the blue-green color usually found in faience, although the color of the objects themselves do, of course, vary. I often find inspiration in art and nature, and I've always been drawn to the beautiful, ancient pieces created using this process. I'll never own any, but I can try to create something inspired by it.
This pouch measures 8.25 x 5.25″ on the outside and approximately 8 x 5" inside. It's embroidered with cotton embroidery floss on Kona cotton, with a lining of sturdy 100% cotton and an 8" YKK zipper for durability. Spot-cleaning is recommended for best results.
This particular giveaway is open to US residents only (due to shipping costs) and I'm not asking for anything more than a comment in return (see details below), but I would love if you visited my Etsy shop, where you'll find many more zippered pouches, including hand-stamped and hand-embroidered ones. Code HOLIDAY13 is good for 10% off your purchase.
I also publish an e-zine, Art Together, full of information and activities designed to inspire confidence in adults to explore open-ended art together with children. Code HOLIDAY gets you 20% off Issue One: Color, Issue Two: Line, or the bundle of both (available on either issue's page). If you have kids or work with kids, I hope you'll take a few moments to read about the e-zine.
To enter this giveaway, though, all you need to do is leave a comment with these two pieces of information:
(1) Your email address! Please make sure you fill in that field. I need to be able to contact you by email.
(2) Tell me a favorite handmade gift you've either given or received. It doesn't matter if it was made by you or the person who gave it, as long as it was handmade by somebody. This is a hard one for me, because I've given so many handmade gifts over the years, but one of my favorites is the doll I knit for my daughter a couple of years ago, which you can see (if you'd like) here.
In accordance with Sew Mama Sew's guidelines, this giveaway will close at 9pm EST on Friday, December 13. I'll update this post with the winner's name and email the winner next weekend, and your pouch will be in the mail by December 20–and most likely well before that. Good luck! And be sure to visit Sew Mama Sew's Giveaway Day posts to see all the wonderful items on offer.


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Wednesday Mornings
To arrange a special bulk pick-up, residents may call our automated line (973)239-1410 Ext. 240 no later than 11:00 am on the Tuesday before the Wednesday morning pick-up. Please leave your name, address, phone # and what you need picked up.
Bulk items include refrigerators, ovens, ranges washing machines, dryers, hot water heaters, lawn mowers, spreaders, air conditioners, bicycles, snow blowers, baby carriages, metal furniture, iron railings, metal cabinets and scrap metal.
Household furnishings include bathtubs, sinks, toilets, mattresses, box springs, kitchen cabinets, upholstered furniture, rugs, scrap wood, doors, window frames.
Metal items including pipes must be cut to 4 feet in length.
Construction debris, concrete material, demolition material, hazardous materials: Industrial by-products and roofing materials must be source-separated and disposed of at he resident's expense
Please note that Televisions must now be recycled at the appropriate facilities.


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Save it for a rainy daySaturday, November 23, 2013
1. Canon EOS Rebel T3i: Since the passing of my last Canon camera, I've been dying for another. It's hard to believe how long I've gone without it, because it is something I once considered "my baby". This camera shoots video, which is something I couldn't do with my previous one. There is a possibility of me starting a Youtube channel in the future. I'd really love to see where I could go with it. Other than that, I'd just really love to get a working camera in my hands again so I can continue to fill up this blog of mine.
2. Warby Parker Ripley Glasses: The other night I couldn't help but notice how worn my current specs are. I don't wear them too often, mainly because it would be dangerous. Needless to say, I need an upgrade. I was kind of weary about ordering glasses online, but I discovered that Warby Parker will send you up to five pairs of glasses to try on for free. They're all on their way now and I'm very excited to try them out. I have a feeling the Ripley will be my favorite, but we'll see. Perhaps I'll do a separate post on this!
3. A plane ticket: TO ANYWHERE.
Alright, that sums it all up. I hope you all enjoy the rest of your weekend xx


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16 Dec Show Gardens at the 2014 Northwest Flower & Garden Show
Sketches are in, titles have been set and the 20 plus Show Gardens for the 2014 Northwest Flower & Garden Show are starting to become a reality. Designers are finding plant materials, having bulbs forced to obtain color in February and making final changes to see their plans become reality. It's no easy task to get these show gardens going, hence the months of planning, working, logistics implementation and serious consideration of how it will all come together.
Click here for the full list of Show Garden Designers.
Working along with our staff from here on out, the designers are interpreting our theme of 'Art In Bloom,' in their own way to make an inspiring creation for us all to enjoy. Here are a few renderings of the gardens that have been submitted so far. We look forward to seeing you at the 2014 Northwest Flower & Garden Show and all these inspirational gardens!
Creative Gardener Design/ Urban Garden Company
The Creative Gardener's Website
Display Garden Rendering 2014 full view Click here to see what the Arboretum Foundation has coming in 2014.
Or see more at the Arboretum's website.


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Championships can be won in the likes of Portugal and the Netherlands as our title preview explains, but here UEFA.com runs the rule over some of the continent's other big fixtures this weekend. You can follow the scores from all the leagues live in UEFA.com's MatchCentre.
Germany: FC Schalke 04 v Werder Bremen (Saturday, 15.30)
Second against third would catch the eye at any stage of the season but with only two rounds of Bundesliga fixtures remaining, this is a game with plenty at stake. Schalke are behind leaders FC Bayern München on goal difference alone while Werder are being hotly pursued by Bayer 04 Leverkusen, BV Borussia Dortmund and VfB Stuttgart. "I believe that Bayern will slip due to their European commitments," Schalke coach Felix Magath said of his former side, who host VfL Bochum 1848. "Also, Bremen are strong when it comes to attacking but fragile in defence. That suits us better than an opponent that is only out there to defend."
France: Paris Saint-Germain FC v AS Monaco FC – French Cup final (Saturday, 21.00)
Two mid-table sides can rescue unremarkable seasons in the French Cup final, a repeat of the 1984/85 decider which Monaco won 1-0. PSG are out to claim the title for the eighth time – Olympique de Marseille hold the record with ten – and while they lost 4-0 to bottom side Grenoble Foot 38 on Tuesday, striker Mevlüt Erdinç reminded his team-mates that "a good season for PSG is finishing in the top five or winning a cup; we know what's at stake". Monaco drew 1-1 against Le Mans UC 72 on Tuesday, with coach Guy Lacombe admitting his side "have no chance on Saturday if we play like this."
Spain: Villarreal CF v FC Barcelona (Saturday, 22.00)
Xavi Hernández is hopeful his team can recover from UEFA Champions League elimination at the hands of FC Internazionale Milano and lift themselves for this crucial Liga encounter. "We were dealt a huge blow but we must pick ourselves up quickly; we have all our hopes placed on the Liga," said the midfielder. With Real Madrid CF just a point behind their rivals, the 30-year-old Xavi – who picked up a calf knock in midweek – believes only a perfect end to the campaign will be enough for Barça to retain their title. "Starting with Villarreal, we've got four finals left and we will have to win every one of them."
England: Liverpool FC v Chelsea FC (Sunday, 13.30)
Liverpool still harbour slim hopes of finishing in the final UEFA Champions League place but know the visit of the Premier League leaders to Anfield is something of a double-edged sword. A victory could – should results go their way – catapult them into fourth but would simultaneously present Manchester United FC with a clear path to their 19th title, one more than Liverpool. United are only a point behind the Blues and could move into the ascendancy with a win against Sunderland AFC. "There's no chance 11 Liverpool players will go out there and consider Manchester United winning the Premier League," warned Chelsea midfielder Frank Lampard. "They will go out to win. They are professional. They will give everything, no doubt about that."
Italy: S.S. Lazio v FC Internazionale Milano (Sunday, 20.45)
After qualifying for the UEFA Champions League final on Wednesday, Inter coach José Mourinho has called on the supporters to join his team in Rome on Sunday to celebrate their success and cheer them on for what the Portuguese has called a "final" against Lazio. The Nerazzurri are two points clear of AS Roma, but the Giallorossi would reclaim first place, temporarily at least, should they beat Parma FC on Saturday. Lazio are not in the habit of doing their rivals any favours, but they have plenty to play for as they sit just six points above the relegation zone with safety not yet assured. "We always play to win and we will give our best," Lazio striker Tommaso Rocchi said. "Inter are a great team, but we have had some good results lately and are in good shape."
All kick-off times are local. England is one hour behind CET.
©UEFA.com 1998-2017. All rights reserved.


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On Mogu Mogu Lychee Juice With Nata De Coco 1000ml


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Synopsis: A Parallels Cloud Server 6.0 kernel update
introducing a security fix.
introducing a security fix.
Issue date: 2014-07-22
Product: Parallels Cloud Server 6.0
Keywords: 'security'
1. What's Included in This Update
This update includes a new Parallels Cloud Server 6.0 kernel (2.6.32-042stab092.3) based on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5 kernel (2.6.32-431.20.3.el6). The new kernel introduces a security fix.
2. Bug Fixes
- On a Hardware Node with the kernel 2.6.32-042stab092.1 or 2.6.32-042stab092.2, Containers running Ubuntu could fail to restart and would remain in the 'mounted' state. (#PSBM-28104)
The same issue could also be triggered by an unprivileged user in any Container, resulting in a memory leak and a potential DoS attack.
All users are highly advised to install this update.
3. Obtaining the Update
You can download and install the update using the yum utility included in the Parallels Cloud Server 6.0 distribution.
Copyright (c) 1999-2014 Parallels IP Holdings GmbH and its affiliates. All rights reserved.


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Your internet connectivity is more important than ever.
IT Systems have always depended on internet connectivity and with cloud hosted services becoming the standard for the majority of new systems, your internet connection is more important than ever before.
Not only having a reliable and fast connection, but what about your backup plan for when it fails?
Southern IT Networks are an independent telecoms and internet connectivity provider to businesses in the Sussex, area and beyond.
We provide the whole range of internet connectivity to clients, from satellite broadband for rural locations to Fiber Ethernet connections with the highest SLA's - what ever your requirement we can present the options and explain the benefits of them.
Contact us to find out how we can connect your business.
See your connectivity options:


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A Bible study using Jeff Cavin's Bible Timeline is meeting on the second and fourth Tuesdays of the month beginning September 26, 2017 in the Parish Room. Feel free to join us at any time.
Contact Deacon Jay Rettig at firstname.lastname@example.com if you are interested.
Women's Morning bible Study
The women's morning bible study meets on Wednesdays after the school mass at 10:00 in the parish room. They are studying the Psalms. Contact Kathleen Rettig at firstname.lastname@example.com if you are interested.
The Tuesday mom's bible study group meets during school year only- Sept to May
2x per month, 9:00 am - 11:00 am, schedule rotates, not always same Tuesdays month to month. Home based group, children are welcome, no formal babysitting, children are adjacent in connecting room, and/or near Moms.
Currently completing Courageous Generosity, bible study for women on heroic sacrifice, by Stacy Mitch, Emmaus Road. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com if interested.
If you are interested in any of these bible studies, please fill in the form below and someone will contact you.


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Grip-Tite - 7 Piece Socket Set
by Grip-Tite | Item #: 233233 | Model #: 00111 |
Free shipping for Plus
- $ 12 91 12.91
Non-member price: $14.20 Join now!
- Shipping
- Free shipping for Plus
- Free Pickup
Delivery estimates, taxes, and fees are based on ZIP Code. Club Pickup orders are based on your club's current price and item availability on the day of payment.
About this item
Grip-Tite sockets out-perform ordinary sockets. Our patented advanced cam technology grip any bolt or nut tightly, including those that are rounded. The more torque you apply the harder the cams grab. Each cam is made of high strength alloy steel for maximum toughness and durability. Our sockets exceed all ANSI strength requirements and are guaranteed for life. They will also hold a nut or bolt in a vertical position for easy starting or removal in hard to reach places.
- Conventional socket, rounded bolt extractor, and bolt starter 7 - 3/8" Drive Sockets: 3/8", 7/16", 1/2", 9/16", 5/8", 11/16", 3/4"
- Includes dual-flip storage case
- Exceeds ANSI strength specifications
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
4"L x 4.5"W x 1.25"H
Component Country
USA And Imported


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Sautéed baby spinach with vodka and garlic
Sautéed baby spinach with vodka and garlic
Serves 4
Great side dish
8 cups of baby spinach
1 ounce of vodka
1 tbsp olive oil
1 clove of garlic
1 onion
2 tablespoons of pine nuts
Roast the pine nuts in a very hot dry pan. Don't take your eyes of them as they burn easily. When roasted set aside to cool of. Crush the garlic and fry in a little olive oil add the onions which you've cut in half rings. Poor the vodka over the mixture and let simmer for a few minutes before adding the baby spinach. Serve on 4 small plates or one big plate and sprinkle the pine nuts on top. Bon appetite!
90calories per serving


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Your Aquarium Sea Monkeys
When it comes to finding unusual pets for the small aquarium, there are few which rival Sea Monkeys for easy maintenance and interest. Active and engaging little creatures, they are actually a type of brine shrimp – Artemia salina, the name "Sea Monkey" being coined to make them more appealing to potential purchasers, supposedly to indicate their playful antics in the aquarium.
Marketing ploys aside, biologically speaking, the name is a poor one. Despite some of the fanciful cartoon monkeys to be found drawn on some of the kits' packaging, brine shrimps look very little like their tree-dwelling namesakes and while they are found in salt water, they only inhabit salty lakes – not the sea!
However, none of this takes anything away from the fact that they are great fun to keep.
Suspended AnimationTheir remarkable ability to produce eggs which can stand being dried out and left for years before hatching into a whole new generation is the key to their survival as a species – and ensures their popularity as a pet, especially with children. Simply add their eggs to water to produce almost instant life.
It also means that they can happily tolerate being packaged, stored and transported in a state of suspended animation, making them ideal for selling by mail order – and you're more likely to come across Sea Monkey kits in a toy shop than an aquarium store!
A range of kits are available, with a number of different designs of little tanks being supplied – shaped like galleons, spacecraft and other "themed" ideas, as well as the original straightforward aquarium type. Although this feature undoubtedly has an attraction for junior keepers, from a practical standpoint the differences are principally cosmetic and don't really have any effect on the lives of the inhabitants.
Getting StartedThe instructions in the kits themselves are very clear and easy to follow. The first step is to prepare the water – these shrimps live in salty water – by filling your aquarium or tank with the appropriate amount and then adding the salt, usually labelled "water purifier" in the kits. After letting the aquarium stand for a day, the eggs are added and within a few days, you should have your new pets.
General CareSea Monkeys are fairly undemanding in their needs. They do well at room temperatures, but they will grow and breed best at between 21 – 24C (70 – 75F) and although they like light, direct sunlight is best avoided.
They will benefit from well oxygenated water, and many kits come with hand pumps which help, although a standard aquarium pump and diffuser stone is probably a better bet since it will provide round the clock aeration. Adding this sort of arrangement will also generate a little water movement in the aquarium, which will allow you to see one of these shrimps' interesting habits – they instinctively swim up-current, although precisely what purpose this would serve in the wild is not entirely clear.
Food And FeedingSpecially prepared Sea Monkeys food is available, while some keepers feed theirs mixtures containing yeast, wheat flour and soybean powder; in addition they will happily consume any algae growing in their tanks. Newly hatched shrimps will not need to be fed for the first four or five days and once you do start feeding them, it should be done sparingly to avoid problems, since adding too much food to the water will encourage bacterial growth and harm water quality.
A small amount added once a week will be more than enough to keep your pets in good condition – though obviously the amount and frequency will need to be adjusted if there's too much food being left uneaten, or your animals seem permanently ravenous! As a general guide, if the water suddenly goes cloudy, you're almost certainly overfeeding them, so cut back on the food until it settles down again.
Virtually unchanged since the Triassic period, for many years brine shrimp only featured in the pet trade as a convenient fish food to be offered to other aquarium inhabitants, until 1957 when Harold von Braunhut hit upon the idea of selling them as pets themselves and the "Sea Monkey" was born.
All things considered, that seems a much more fitting role for a fascinating little animal that predates – and has outlived – the dinosaurs!


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If you have been looking for a digital marketing firm that can help you to boost your base for customers, you are at the right place. There are small businesses that have been struggling to establish their efforts online. If your company at this level, you need to consult White Shark Media so that you can see changes happen to your business.
The company which specializes in digital marketing is dedicated to providing small businesses with marketing solutions that are working well. There are those that have already benefitted from White Shark Media and are now established a large customer base. Any business owner should know that today business dynamics have changed hence you cannot just rely on the traditional marketing methods. The best plan for marketing would be working with professionals who can help you in various ways.
For you to succeed in digital marketing there is need to know the art. Experience is also required hence there if you are not qualified you may not work well. That is why White Shark Media was started because the founders knew many people lack the knowledge. The founders of White Shark Media saw the importance of helping those without the experience but wanted to excel in digital marketing.
Also, many small business owners do not have the time to do digital online marketing. White Media Shark first understands what the customers want so that they can now start their work. Another important thing is that they always do a follow up to ensure that their client is going on well with practice. White Shark Media is the best company that one can utilize.
White Shark has also been responsible for the growth of many companies. Many customers are happy after seeking the services of White Shark Media, and they will always go for the services. One of the most significant impacts you may see to your business is an increase in the number of customers. If you are having problems establishing your business online, you can work with White Shark Media and see many changes.
Find out more about White Shark Media:http://geeksnews.co.uk/white-shark-media-presents-a-review-in-ppc-best-practices/


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Your password is stored on our system in an encrypted format, which prevents customer support from accessing any member passwords.
Fill out the form to the left and the system will automatically assign you a new password and send it to the email address listed with your account.
If you're having difficulty with the form to the left, please make sure that you're not entering both the username + email address, as this will confuse the form.
There are also refresh and audio buttons to the right of the data input field on the CAPTCHA form, which can help to simplify the process.
If you are certain you have an account with AudioAcrobat but you just can't remember your Username, Password, and/or Email address, you can always contact a support representative.


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Online Organization Tools
12 Online Tools to Organize Your Life This Month
12 Online Tools to Organize Your Life This Month
People have problems transitioning from paper to pixels, but tech tools are a handy way to keep you organized. Not only is it great for the environment, but it's also a lot more convenient to do all your organizing from one platform. I'm sharing some of my favorite websites that help me stay organized. Take the plunge this October and start organizing with just a few clicks of your mouse!
Source: Corbis
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Crossword Help & Word Solver +
by: Havos Ltd • 14
All Android applications categories
by: Havos Ltd • 14
"Crossword Help & Word Solver +" helps find the solutions for crosswords and other similar games. The application uses the letters you already know to find a list of possible answers.
It has many advantages compared to similar applications:
1) Contains 55,000+ Proper Nouns, including full names, professions, nationality, date of birth and death for about 40,000 famous people & deities and around 14,000 places, i.e. countries, cities, rivers, mountains etc. These proper nouns are essential for solving general knowledge clues, which can make up to 20-25% of crossword clues. These clues are the type that you either know them or you don't, i.e. difficult to just guess, so if you do not know a particular person you are usually stuck.
2) Provides filters to reduce the list of possible answers. This is essential when only a few letters are known. E.g. you can filter out rarely used words.
3) You can choose the language of the application's word list, by downloading the appropriate dictionary onto your SD card. Available dictionaries are English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, French, German, Italian, Indonesian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Greek, Hungarian, Polish, Portugese, Romanian, Serbian(Latin), Serbian(Cyrillic), Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian and more coming later.
4) Contains 4 different modes for help solving Crosswords, Anagrams, Codeword, and Cryptic Crosswords. Codeword mode allows the user to specify which letters are already known (and hence not considered for the unknown letters), and which unknown letters are the same (i.e have the same Codeword number). Cryptic mode contains extra help with many examples.
5) Solves "two word" answers. This is very useful in combination with first and last names of famous people. It also finds "two word" anagrams.
6) No advertisements.
7) The dictionary also contains some foreign language words. These are often found in some crosswords. Foreign words are English, French, German, Spanish, Italian and Latin.
All of these features are available without an internet connection, and are rarely found in similar applications.
Other functionality includes:
- Lightning fast search engine. No search button needed as possible matches are displayed instantly as you type.
- Comprehensive list of 300,000+ normal words, split into common and rare lists to help you find the right match.
- View detailed word definition of the possible answers (internet connection required). The app transforms the Wiktionary page, in order to be easily viewed on small screens.
- Link to the wiki page for famous people and places (internet connection required).
- App can be downloaded onto an SD card.
Other Keywords: word finder, word solver, crossword cheat, scrabble, crossword solver, Crossword solver, crossword helper, Crossword help, crossword puzzle solver, crossword assistant, multi word anagrams, quiz, codeword solver, codeword help, general knowledge, word list, famous people, place names, CrossMate, word game solver, codewords
Tags: poisk slov crossword solver , solucionador de crucigramas , diccionario para resolver crucigramas 5 letras , palabras de 5 letras para resolver crucigramas , guia de palabras para resolver crucigramas pdf , crucigrama con ayuda de letras , crossword clue help stars , wordsolver4 , palabras de 6 letras para resolver crucigramas
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