text:
Key Concepts in Philosophy Joseph Keim Campbell, Free Will Roy T. Cook, Paradoxes Douglas Edwards, Properties Douglas Kutach, Causation Ian Evans and
- Austin McKinney
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 Disagreement
2 Key Concepts in Philosophy Joseph Keim Campbell, Free Will Roy T. Cook, Paradoxes Douglas Edwards, Properties Douglas Kutach, Causation Ian Evans and Nicolas D. Smith, Knowledge
3 Disagreement Bryan Frances polity
4 Copyright Bryan Frances 2014 The right of Bryan Frances to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published in 2014 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: ISBN-13: (pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset in 10.5 on 12 pt Sabon by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives PLC The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: In Part II, much of chapter 7 is taken from Bryan Frances s Religious Disagreement, forthcoming in Graham Oppy (ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion, Acumen Press (December 2014); and part of chapter 11 draws on his Skepticism and Disagreement, forthcoming in Diego Machuca and Baron Reed (eds), Skepticism: From Antiquity to the Present, Bloomsbury.
5 For Margaret Frances, with whom I never disagree
7 Contents List of Stories ix Introduction 1 Part I Basics of Disagreement 9 1 Genuine vs. Illusory Disagreement 11 2 Easier Questions about Disagreement 18 3 Harder Questions about Disagreement 27 4 Expert Testimony and Higher-Order Evidence 37 5 Peers, Inferiors, and Superiors 43 6 Some Results 53 7 The Peer Rule and the Superior Rule 57 8 Disagreement over Facts, Values, and Religion 65 9 Disagreement over Beliefs vs. Actions What We Should Believe vs. What We Actually Believe Response to Disagreement vs. Subsequent Level of Confidence What it Means to Realize Disagreement The Disagreement Question Refined Disagreement with One vs. Disagreement with Many Some More Results Study Questions and Problems 101 Part II Conciliatory or Steadfast? Introduction Revising the Three Rules of Thumb Rethinking Judgments about Peers and Superiors 137
8 viii Contents 4 More Revision: Confidence Level vs. Evidence Level When You Have No Idea Who is in the Better Position Split Experts Special Case: Religious Belief Some Results Questions on Uniqueness, Independence, and Peerhood 175 Uniqueness 177 Independence 186 Conditional Peers and Superiors 188 Feldman s Questions The Disagreement Question Revisited Concluding Thoughts: Does Disagreement Require Suspending Judgment in Important Cases? Study Questions and Problems 205 Guide to Further Reading 208 Index 212
9 List of Stories 1 Abortion s Moral and Legal Status 2 Led Zeppelin s Influence 3 Michael Jordan s Height I 4 Michael Jordan s Height II 5 The Great Actress 6 The Greatest Baseball Player 7 The Jury 8 The Chemistry Class 9 Restaurant Bill I 10 Math Skills 11 The Economics Class I 12 The Economics Class II 13 Jupiter s Moons 14 Marriage-Slavery 15 Math is Stupid 16 The Toothache 17 Thermometers 18 The Fork in the Road 19 Holmes and Homer 20 Judging Peerhood 21 Birth Control 22 Baseball History 23 Moving in Together I 24 Moving in Together II 25 Surgery or Medications 26 The Red Onion 27 Contested Engagement 28 Totalitarian Japan I 29 Totalitarian Japan II 30 The Intruder
10 x List of Stories 31 Free Will and Determinism 32 Children and Hell 33 Evolution 34 Smoking Cancer 35 Astrology 36 Global Warming 37 Doctors and Doctors 38 Holiday Piano Peer I 39 Group Projects I 40 Holiday Piano Peer II 41 The Quad 42 Holiday Piano Superior 43 Awareness of Astronomy 44 Awareness of Atheism 45 Restaurant Bill II 46 New Software I 47 Ritalin 48 Group Projects II 49 New Software II 50 Conflict in Libya 51 Psychology Class 52 Wall Street vs. Main Street 53 Chocolate and Cancer 54 Conditional Peers 55 Name Conspiracy
11 Introduction In the summer of 2011 the USA engaged militarily in Libya, leading to the overthrow of the Libyan government. Some informed people think it was an illegal war, since war by the US government has to be approved by the US Congress, which didn t happen. Other informed people disagree, claiming that the military action was not significant enough to qualify as a war, so it didn t need Congressional approval in order to be legal. Some Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead quite literally. Other Christians think that, while salvation occurs through Jesus, all that business about rising from the dead is metaphorical or otherwise non-literal: he didn t really, biologically, come back to life after being literally dead. Yet other people highly intelligent, sober, and reflective non- Christian theists, agnostics, and atheists, for instance think that Jesus didn t rise from the dead either literally or non-literally. Disagreement is everywhere and can concern just about anything. It might arise from politics, religion, ethics, sports, philosophy, history, science, entertainment, and business. Controversy is rife. Or just think about disagreement in your own personal life. Elena thinks that she and her partner Chris should get an apartment near the area in which the two of them work instead of getting a cheaper one that involves a significant commute. Chris thinks otherwise. So, the two of them disagree. They debate the pros and cons of the matter. Elena thinks it s pretty clear that, given the details of their combined financial situation, the hassle of the commute, and other factors, she and Chris should live in the city nearby to every-
12 2 Introduction thing they typically go to during the week. Chris understood everything she said, but s/he adds things up differently, coming to the opposite conclusion. Maya thinks that her father had an affair with that neighbor Martha when she and her sister Danling were little kids. Maya tells Danling her reasons but to no avail: Danling is totally unconvinced. Maya is inclined to read the evidence one way, as being very strongly supportive of the idea that Dad had an affair with Martha, whereas her sister is inclined to come to the opposite conclusion, that the evidence is not so supportive. Why should Maya think that her reading of the evidence is better than her sister s for finding the truth of the matter? Why favor her own judgment over her sister s? What if she knows full well that she is no smarter than her sister? Devin thinks third-trimester abortion is morally unacceptable in almost all cases. But he isn t culturally clueless: he is fully aware that there are loads of people who disagree. Devin s sister Irene is newly pregnant and doesn t want to have a baby now. She doesn t want to marry the father; or maybe he is no longer around. She has little money or other resources, she has little time to devote to a baby since she is still in college and has a part-time job, etc. So, the question of abortion has come up. She discusses her options with Devin. What if Irene thinks there is virtually nothing wrong with it, especially since it s an early stage of the pregnancy? What is Devin going to say to her? Actually, there are two issues here: Devin needs to figure out how to act and what to believe. He needs to decide what he is going to say to his sister Irene. But he also needs to figure out what to believe regarding the moral permissibility of abortion. He thinks it s almost always morally unacceptable, but he knows that there are loads of people significantly smarter than himself who have thought about the matter a lot longer than he has and have not drawn that conclusion. (And of course he knows that some of the people who agree with him are smarter and better informed than he is.) At the very least, I hope that Devin knows that, because it s just plain true! What makes him think he and the people who agree with him got the issue right and Irene and the people who agree with her got it wrong? What advantage does he think his group has over her group? Or
13 Introduction 3 does he think his group has no advantage over her group in which case why on earth does he stick with his view over theirs? If Irene is similarly aware of disagreement over the moral acceptability of abortion, then she is faced with the same questions on what to believe and a bigger question on what to do. Devin is faced with the same two questions how to act, what to believe if the views are reversed: Irene thinks abortion is immoral and she says she has to go ahead with the pregnancy. Devin thinks that this move will be disastrous for Irene s future and abortion is fine in her circumstances. What should he say or do about it? And then there is the prior question: how does he know his view is even right, given that there are zillions of very intelligent people who disagree with him on the matter? No matter which side he is on, he is faced with a big problem about how to behave and what to believe. Disagreements are everywhere, in the public square and our private lives. This book is devoted to the question of what we should do when we realize that there are people who disagree with us. As we have seen with some of the examples above, the question is of enormous importance, both in the public arena and in our personal lives. You may disagree with your parents about where to go to college, or who to marry. You may disagree with your spouse or partner about whether to live together, whether to get married, where you should live, or how to raise your children. People with political power disagree about how to spend enormous amounts of money, or about what laws to pass, or about wars to fight. If only we were better able to resolve our disagreements, we would probably save millions of lives and prevent millions of others from living in poverty. If only. Here are some questions that provoke plenty of disagreement: Political 1 Was the US military build-up in the 1980s a significant factor in the dismantling of the USSR? 2 Did George W. Bush and Richard Cheney intentionally lie to the public when pushing for the Iraq war in 2002?
14 4 Introduction 3 Historically considered, which party Tory or Labour has done more for the working class in the UK? 4 Is capital punishment a significant deterrent of crime? 5 Should our country go to war, knowing that we re going to end up killing many thousands of innocent civilians? 6 Should taxes be significantly increased to boost funds for environmental disasters now that global warming is starting to have a large effect? Personal 7 Did Dad have an affair with that woman Martha when we kids were ten years old? 8 Should deadbeat dad get to walk his daughter down the aisle when she gets married? 9 Should we put Grandma in a nursing home or have her live with us for a while? 10 Should we raise the kids Catholic? 11 Am I an above-average driver? 12 Did Grandma love Mom as much as she loved Uncle Jared? 13 Should we move in together now or wait until our relationship matures a bit more? 14 Should we get an apartment in Manhattan or go with somewhere cheaper and just deal with the annoyances of the commute? 15 Is our next-door neighbor paranoid or just nasty? Philosophical 16 Do we have free will? 17 Does God exist? 18 Did Jesus rise from the dead? 19 Is there an afterlife? 20 Is time travel really possible? 21 Is capital punishment morally acceptable? 22 Is morality just about the consequences of our actions or are there inflexible duties as well? Professional 23 Will extra trips to the tables get us more tips? (Imagine people who work as servers in a restaurant debating this.)
15 Introduction 5 24 Will we raise our revenue if we maneuver the tables around to fit one more table in the restaurant? 25 If we ask for raises, will we get them or just make everyone mad? Scientific 26 Is there a realistic way to curb global warming before it produces massive disruption to the world economy and welfare? 27 Did the universe have a beginning? Even if the Big Bang really happened, might there have been a universe before it? 28 Were the dinosaurs wiped out by the effects of a meteor? Or was it something else? Miscellaneous 29 Who had more influence over the course of pop music: Elvis or the Beatles? 30 Will Lady Gaga fade away or become a powerhouse like Madonna did? 31 Who will win the World Cup next year? 32 Was Babe Ruth a better baseball player than Ty Cobb? 33 Should he add more sugar to the recipe? This book lies on the border between theoretical and applied epistemology. Theoretical epistemology is the study of the relations among and natures of a group of closely related notions: knowledge, belief, truth, evidence, reason, certainty, rationality, wisdom, understanding, and a few others. We will not focus on those highly theoretical issues. Our center of attention will almost always be on real-life disagreements and what one is supposed to do in deliberating how to react to the discovery of disagreement. For the most part we will ignore the most theoretical issues and idealized cases of disagreement (although we will not shirk them entirely). There are two central questions to ask about disagreement, which usually arise in the following situation. You have belief B and come to realize that some people disagree with you regarding B: they think it s false whereas you think it s true. One question is this: after the realization of disagreement, should you continue to believe B? That is an epistemological
16 6 Introduction question. The other central philosophical question is this: after the realization of disagreement, how should you act or behave (e.g., should you continue to act on the assumption that B is true)? That is a question for ethics, including politics, not epistemology. This book is devoted to the first question only. Philosophy includes the study of what to believe and how to act. So, it s not surprising that philosophers have had some things to say about the topic of disagreement. What is surprising, however, is how little philosophers have said about it, especially the epistemological question. Philosophy has been going strong for well over two thousand years, so you would think that an enormous amount of thought has gone into the two questions raised above. You would be wrong. As far as I know, this is the first textbook devoted to the epistemological question, although Oxford University Press published two collections of research essays on it in 2010 and 2013: Disagreement, edited by Ted Warfield and Richard Feldman, and The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays, edited by Jennifer Lackey and David Christensen (I have an essay in the latter work). Unfortunately, those articles tend to ignore the cases of disagreement that pop up in real life the cases that we actually worry about and even fight over, occasionally to the death. Since the topic of disagreement is so new, it is hard even to figure out what questions we should be thinking about. The two central ones mentioned above are a good start, but they are ambiguous and require refinement. For what it s worth, I have written many essays on the topic over the last eight years, and every time I write a new one I come to think that my previous ideas were flawed in significant ways; and I have no reason to think the trend is going to stop any time soon. In this book I refrain from offering detailed answers to the most pressing questions regarding the epistemology of disagreement and stick to going over what I take to be ideas that will be most helpful in addressing those questions. This means that I end up not discussing some of the popular views in the current literature, as I think most of them are premature (e.g., the Equal Weight View ). I include so many examples of disagreement in this book because at this early
17 Introduction 7 stage of investigation we need a trove of data in order to explore the topic fruitfully. In Part I of this book I go over the basics of disagreement. The goal there is to give the reader a sense of what the main issues and questions might be regarding the epistemology of disagreement. Part I ends with a generous selection of homework questions for the ambitious reader. In Part II I consider the question of under what conditions one is reasonable in several senses of that term in retaining one s beliefs in the face of disagreement; it also includes homework questions. As I said above, since this topic is so new and in so much flux, I decided to adopt the atypical organizational strategy of merely introducing many interesting test cases, arguments, and conclusions: I don t defend the arguments or conclusions and I barely even address the views found in the recent philosophical literature. Instead, I supply the reader with the background necessary to evaluate the arguments and views to be found in the literature. For readers who are old hands on the topic, sections 11, 13, and 14 of Part I will be interesting, as will all of Part II.
19 Part I Basics of Disagreement The most important thing you need to do in this first part of the book is acquire a deep understanding of what may be the most important questions to ask about disagreement. With that understanding secured, plus a raft of test cases of disagreement to think about, in Part II you will be in good position to look closely at some answers.
21 1 Genuine vs. Illusory Disagreement Before one is faced with the question of how to react to a disagreement one needs to have discovered the disagreement. Usually, there is no difficulty: if you think belief B is true and I don t I either think B is false or I have withheld judgment on B then we disagree. However, often what looks like a disagreement is actually illusory: there is no genuine disagreement. Surprisingly, a great many apparent disagreements in real life are merely apparent. Consider the following: 1 Abortion s Moral and Legal Status If Bo says Abortion is wrong and Po says Abortion isn t wrong, they might not be disagreeing at all. It all depends on the details of the case. Bo might mean to say that abortion is morally wrong while Po is saying that it isn t legally wrong (both of them talking about the same country and time period). They may well agree that abortion is legally permissible and morally impermissible; so, no disagreement exists even though their language, the sentences they used, made it look like they disagree. Alternatively, they might agree that they are talking about morality as opposed to the law, but they mean different things by abortion, with one of them including nothing but third-trimester abortion while the other includes abortions at any time.
22 12 Basics of Disagreement In that story the two people, Bo and Po, were using one word ( wrong, or abortion ) with different meanings. Here is a slightly different kind of illusory disagreement, one in which the two people are using a word with incomplete meanings. 2 Led Zeppelin s Influence I say to you Led Zeppelin was very influential and you say No they weren t. Now, we may be disagreeing with each other, but we may not. Perhaps I was really thinking something like Led Zeppelin was very influential in pop music compared to many other rock groups, which is completely true, while you were taking a much longer, more historical perspective, according to which only Elvis and the Beatles, among recent popular music artists, count as anywhere near very influential. You might have been thinking very influential means competing with Chopin, Beethoven, Louis Armstrong, and the Beatles. I may completely agree that Led Zeppelin is not very influential compared to them! In this case we weren t really disagreeing at all, even though our language suggested that we were. Another case: 3 Michael Jordan s Height I We are arguing whether basketball great Michael Jordan is tall. I say he is and you say he isn t. At first, it looks like we disagree. But then we realize that I mean that he is tall for an adult male while you mean he isn t tall for a professional basketball player. Naturally, when we discover these different meanings, we may very well admit that we don t disagree at all, since
23 Genuine vs. Illusory Disagreement 13 we agree that he is tall for an adult male but he isn t tall for a basketball player. Until you know what the for business is, you can hardly evaluate the sentence Michael Jordan is tall : you have to answer the question Tall for whom? In this case there is no difference in the meanings of our words not even regarding the word tall. Instead, we have different comparison classes in mind: the class of adult males versus the class of professional basketball players. However, the next story shows that, even if we agree that we are talking about adult males (so we agree on the comparison class), we could still be talking past each other and hence not really disagreeing when debating whether he was tall for an adult male. 4 Michael Jordan s Height II Your standard for being tall for a certain group (e.g., the group of adult males) is something like Taller than around 95 percent of people in the group, while my standard might be something like Taller than around 75 percent of people in the group. Both standards are pretty reasonable (e.g., you can t consult a dictionary to see whose standard is best). In this dispute we are not talking about different comparison classes the class of basketball players versus the class of adult males. We agree on the tall for bit. But we are still disagreeing about the standard for being tall. If we somehow managed to realize that we had been using the different percentage standards, then we would probably admit that we really weren t disagreeing about whether Jordan was tall. Instead, we would probably say that we had been disagreeing about what the word tall should mean.
24 14 Basics of Disagreement That s a common phenomenon: two people seem to disagree about topic X only to discover, upon further discussion, that they are really disagreeing about what their words mean or should mean, the words they use to talk about X. A final case: 5 The Great Actress Ugh, Mug, and Bug are debating whether Julia Roberts is a great actress. Ugh insists she is, saying that the fact that Roberts won a Best Actress Oscar award is all you need to know. Mug says he doesn t know what to think on this issue because he doesn t know what experts in acting think about her work; Mug is unimpressed by the fact that she won an Oscar award since he thinks such awards have little to do with acting talent. Bug is with Ugh, but for a different reason: he says the mere fact that her movies have made so much money is all the proof you need that she s a great actress. Are Ugh and Bug agreeing with each other when they both affirm Julia Roberts is a great actress? Maybe not. When Ugh says someone is a great actress, perhaps all he has in mind is this: she has won the acclaim of her peers and other recognized judges of acting ability. That s certainly a reasonable way to fill out the meaning of So-and-so is a great actress. But Bug might be filling out So-and-so is a great actress with this: So-and-so has successfully entertained a great many people. Ugh and Bug end up saying the same words, Yes, she is a great actress, but they are really saying different things, at least at one level of meaning. It s not hard to imagine a situation in which Ugh knows nothing of the monetary success of Roberts s movies and also thinks that monetary success had nothing to do with acting greatness. In addition, perhaps Bug would say that winning awards is utterly irrelevant to acting greatness: the purpose of acting is to entertain, and entertainment success in movies is measured in revenue. Finally, Mug thinks that acting greatness is
25 Genuine vs. Illusory Disagreement 15 determined by the opinions of the people who study acting the most, perhaps the instructors at places such as the Juilliard School. The three of them are talking past one another. We can even conceive of a fourth participant in the discussion, Jug, who conceives acting greatness to be determined by all the factors Ugh, Mug, and Bug focused on. Now we have four people spending an hour or so discussing a single question, but in reality there are multiple questions flying around; it may well be the case that each person is entirely correct in his or her conclusions, but the four of them never discover this fact. Notice that discovering that there is no real disagreement might take considerable time; it s not as though the discovery will always be revealed in a minute or so. In the abortion case, Po and Bo might argue for a quite a while, taking past each other for hours, before they figure out that they are using wrong in two ways: legal and moral. I have witnessed this happen on multiple occasions in my role as a teacher. The same holds for you and me with our fictional debate over the influence of Led Zeppelin, or the case with Mug, Bug, Ugh, and Jug. In fact, in many real-life cases it s worse than that: Bo and Po may have started their discussion with no real inkling of the moral/legal distinction. But once they discuss things in a fruitful manner, they may, if they are lucky and persistent, finally discover that what Bo really meant all along is that abortion is morally wrong and what Po really meant all along is that abortion is legally allowed. But it might be even worse still: at the start of their discussion they might not have had any real solid view at all. When they used wrong they didn t mean morally wrong, legally wrong, or anything else that specific. They were just plain confused, as they hadn t really carefully considered the moral/legal distinction. And when people are that confused which I think happens a lot: the Julia Roberts story is another real-life case it can be extremely hard to discover whether there is any genuine disagreement. Note, however, that it would be asking too much to demand perfect precision and understanding in order for there to be genuine disagreement. Suppose Sam and Pam disagree over whether third-trimester abortion is morally
26 16 Basics of Disagreement permissible in cases in which the woman s life is not in danger. There s no confusion over kinds of abortion: they agree that the method of abortion can be anything that is currently used. Nor is there disagreement about what the third trimester is or any confusion over legal versus moral permissibility. So far, it looks like a case of genuine disagreement. If a third party then pipes up and says, But it s not a case of genuine disagreement unless they can agree on a strict definition of moral, we would not be impressed with her objection. After all, who can define just about any word? Suppose you and I disagree about whether our cat is in the den. This can be a case of genuine disagreement despite the fact that neither of us can define cat or has perfect understanding of what a cat is. Similarly, we can disagree over the morality of thirdtrimester abortion even though we don t have a perfect knowledge of what morality is. Here is another case, one that will look like the ones just discussed but really isn t: 6 The Greatest Baseball Player Lee, Bee, and Gee are at bar watching a baseball game and Lee asks, Okay, who was the greatest baseball player of all time? Gee replies with Babe Ruth!, Bee replies with Ty Cobb!, and Lee comes back with Cy Young! (Ruth and Cobb were hitters; Young was a pitcher.) And the argument is off and running, for hours on end until the alcohol runs out, the money runs out, or the bar closes. At first, this looks like a case in which there is no truth of the matter. One might think that greatest baseball player is too vague or ambiguous for there to be one true answer to Who was the greatest? After all, one person might value home runs very highly, in which case she will probably rank Ruth over Cobb (Ruth had 714 lifetime home runs while Cobb had 117). Another person might think that, since getting hits is the key, Cobb wins over Ruth (Cobb had a
27 Genuine vs. Illusory Disagreement 17 lifetime batting average of.366 while Ruth s was.342; Cobb had 4,189 hits while Ruth had 2,873). Yet another insists that pitching is the real key to the game, and so he picks Young over the others. Each of these value systems is pretty reasonable, and none is clearly the superior of the others. It s easy to convince yourself that there is no right answer here, because it all depends on what you mean by greatest. But this view that there is no truth of the matter does not hold in this specific case. It s true that there are lots of different intelligent and roughly equally good ways to weigh baseball greatness no doubt about it. To that extent, the view of the previous paragraph contains some important truth! So I m not saying that the view is worthless or lacks insight. However, the interesting thing about this particular case is this: no matter what value system you adopt in order to rank baseball greatness, as long as it s not a ridiculous value system Ruth is going to come out on top. The primary reason is that he is the only player in history to be excellent at both hitting and pitching and he was fantastic at both of them. No one else comes remotely close. 1 In the story above, Gee really did have the right answer. (If they had been debating the question of who was the greatest baseball hitter, instead of player, then everything changes.) The lesson is this: even if the disagreement concerns some vague, ambiguous matter that is open to several reasonable yet differing interpretations, there can be genuine disagreement and an absolutely true answer. This shows how tricky things can get when attempting to discover genuine disagreement. 1 Provided we ignore Josh Gibson and Oscar Charleston, neither of whom played in the major leagues as a result of segregation. But even they didn t pitch, so Ruth still wins.
A Short Course in Logic Zeno s Paradox
1 Grappling with Good Arguments A Short Course in Logic Zeno s Paradox We ve seen that if we decide that an argument is good then we should be inclined to believe that the ultimate conclusion is true.More information
Argument Mapping 2: Claims and Reasons
#2 Claims and Reasons 1 Argument Mapping 2: Claims and Reasons We ll start with the very basics here, so be patient. It becomes far more challenging when we apply these basic rules to real arguments, asMore information
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a DUI Attorney
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a DUI Attorney Seven Things to Know Before Hiring a DUI Attorney Copyright 2014 SmartWeb Online 1 Introduction Some people don t quite understand the severity ofMore information
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a DUI Lawyer
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a DUI Lawyer 1 Introduction Some people don t quite understand the severity of getting a DUI. In many cases, your license is instantly taken away and you won tMore information
Medical Malpractice VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS
Medical Malpractice VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS INTRODUCTION: Tell the jurors that this is a very big and a very important case. Do a SHORT summary of the case and the damages we are seeking. This summary shouldMore information
Why Your Job Search Isn t Working
Why Your Job Search Isn t Working 6 mistakes you re probably making and how to fix them I t s easy to think that your lack of success in finding a new job has nothing to do with you. After all, this isMore information
How to Prepare for your Deposition in a Personal Injury Case
How to Prepare for your Deposition in a Personal Injury Case A whitepaper by Travis Mayor, Attorney If you have filed a civil lawsuit in your personal injury case against the at fault driver, person, corporation,More information
ROLES TO ASSIGN. 1. Judge. 2. Courtroom Deputy. 3. Prosecutor 1 opening statement. 4. Prosecutor 2 direct of Dana Capro
ROLES TO ASSIGN 1. Judge 2. Courtroom Deputy 3. Prosecutor 1 opening statement 4. Prosecutor 2 direct of Dana Capro 5. Prosecutor 3 direct of Jamie Medina 6. Prosecutor 4 cross of Pat Morton 7. ProsecutorMore information
CROSS EXAMINATION OF AN EXPERT WITNESS IN A CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASE. Mark Montgomery
CROSS EXAMINATION OF AN EXPERT WITNESS IN A CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASE Mark Montgomery Post Office Box 161 Durham, NC 27702 (919) 680-6249 email@example.com Opinion Testimony by a Pediatrician/Nurse/Counselor/SocialMore information
Kim: Thank you Todd, I m delighted to be here today and totally looking forward to our conversation.
Filename: P4P 019 The Facts of Life Insurance Todd: [0:00:18] Hey everybody, welcome to another edition of The Prosperity Podcast, this is No BS Money Guy Todd Strobel. Once again, we re lucky enough toMore information
Critical analysis. Be more critical! More analysis needed! That s what my tutors say about my essays. I m not really sure what they mean.
Critical analysis Be more critical! More analysis needed! That s what my tutors say about my essays. I m not really sure what they mean. I thought I had written a really good assignment this time. I didMore information
How Do People Settle Disputes? How a Civil Trial Works in California
Article brought to you by the Administrative Office of the California Courts and California Council for the Social Studies in partnership for Civic Education How Do People Settle Disputes? How a CivilMore information
How to Outsource Without Being a Ninnyhammer
How to Outsource Without Being a Ninnyhammer 5 mistakes people make when outsourcing for profit By Jason Fladlien 2 Introduction The way everyone does outsourcing is patently wrong, and this report isMore information
Connectedness and the Emotional Bank Account
Connectedness and the Emotional Bank Account Directions This is a self-guided activity that can be completed by parents, teens or both. It contains five parts and should take about 45 minutes to complete.More information
Writing = A Dialogue. Part I. They Say
Writing = A Dialogue You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it isMore information
Forex Trading. What Finally Worked For Me
Forex Trading What Finally Worked For Me If you find typographical errors in this book they are here for a purpose. Some people actually enjoy looking for them and we strive to please as many people asMore information
The 3 Biggest Mistakes Investors Make When It Comes To Selling Their Stocks
3 The 3 Biggest Mistakes Investors Make When It Comes To Selling Their Stocks and a simple three step solution to consistently outperform the market year after year after year. 2 Dear friend and fellowMore information
Psychic Guide 101 Written by: Jennifer A. Young www.bestonlinepsychics.net
Written by: Jennifer A. Young www.bestonlinepsychics.net Page 1 Table of Contents Chapter Title Page 01 Consulting a Psychic 03 02 Why Should You Consult a Psychic? 04 03 What Is a Psychic? 05 04 ChoosingMore information
Critical Study David Benatar. Better Never To Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)
NOÛS 43:4 (2009) 776 785 Critical Study David Benatar. Better Never To Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006) ELIZABETH HARMAN Princeton University In thisMore information
Now More Than Ever: Community Colleges Daniel Wister
28 Preview Now More Than Ever: Community Colleges Daniel Wister When Miranda left for school at a faraway university, she thought that all her dreams were on their way to coming true. Then, once disappointmentMore information
SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF CONTRA COSTA. Mock Trial Script. The Case of a Stolen Car
SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF CONTRA COSTA Mock Trial Script The Case of a Stolen Car This mock trial is appropriate for middle and high school students. The script includes a role for a narrator,More information
When Betting Odds and Credences Come Apart: More Worries for Dutch Book Arguments
When Betting Odds and Credences Come Apart: More Worries for Dutch Book Arguments Darren BRADLEY and Hannes LEITGEB If an agent believes that the probability of E being true is 1/2, should she accept aMore information
Last time we had arrived at the following provisional interpretation of Aquinas second way:
Aquinas Third Way Last time we had arrived at the following provisional interpretation of Aquinas second way: 1. 2. 3. 4. At least one thing has an efficient cause. Every causal chain must either be circular,More information
Kant s deontological ethics
Michael Lacewing Kant s deontological ethics DEONTOLOGY Deontologists believe that morality is a matter of duty. We have moral duties to do things which it is right to do and moral duties not to do thingsMore information
example testimony FOR STUDY 4
example testimony FOR STUDY 4 I ve always wanted to fit in. I don t know why. Maybe it s because my parents split up early on, and going through school I was one of the only kids from a broken family.More information
Chapter 4 Legal Ethics
Chapter 4 Legal Ethics Yes. You read that right legal ethics. Har de har. Go ahead. Get it out of your system. How about this one? Why do scientists prefer using lawyers over lab rats? There are some thingsMore information
Copyright (c) 2015 Christopher Small and The Art of Lawyering. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2015 Christopher Small and The Art of Lawyering. All rights reserved. 1 In this special report, I ll be sharing with you the ten biggest mistakes that lawyers make when marketing their lawMore information
Role Preparation. Preparing for a Mock Trial
Civil Law Mock Trial: Role Preparation This package contains: PAGE Preparing for a Mock Trial 1-5 Time Chart 6 Etiquette 7-8 Role Preparation for: Plaintiff and Defendant Lawyers 9-12 Judge 13 Jury 13More information
TOP TEN TIPS FOR WINNING YOUR CASE IN JURY SELECTION PRESENTED BY JEFF KEARNEY KEARNEY & WESTFALL 2501 PARKVIEW STREET, SUITE 300 FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102 (817) 336-5600 LUBBOCK CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYERSMore information
- 2 - Your appeal will follow these steps:
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT YOUR APPEAL AND YOUR LAWYER A Guide Prepared by the Office of the Appellate Defender 1. WHO IS MY LAWYER? Your lawyer s name is on the notice that came with this guide. TheMore information
Pascal is here expressing a kind of skepticism about the ability of human reason to deliver an answer to this question.
Pascal s wager So far we have discussed a number of arguments for or against the existence of God. In the reading for today, Pascal asks not Does God exist? but Should we believe in God? What is distinctiveMore information
Child Abuse, Child Neglect. What Parents Should Know If They Are Investigated
Child Abuse, Child Neglect What Parents Should Know If They Are Investigated Written by South Carolina Appleseed Legal Justice Center with editing and assistance from the Children s Law Center and theMore information
Descartes. Philosophy and Good Sense
Perspectives in Philosophy Rene Descartes Descartes Philosophy is the search for certainty the search to know, for yourself, what is really true and really false to know which beliefs are reliable. However,More information
Business Introduction Script Introduction
Business Introduction Script Introduction Hi NAME, this is YOUR NAME from Online Business Systems. We had an appointment set up to discuss the details of our work from home business. Are you still availableMore information
Please scroll down and continue reading for my response to the government s motion that I be examined by a government expert
My detractors on the internet, of which I have many, largely made up of tax lawyers who try to discredit me because I represent a threat their livelihood, and certain people whose ideas on the income taxMore information
QUESTIONNAIRE SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS WRITE A CODE OF ETHICS. 2. What sort of organization do you work for? What do you do there?
Interview Paul E. Black (PB) Interviewers: Michael Davis (MD) Location: NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Date: Oct. 11, 2002 (approved) QUESTIONNAIRE SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS WRITE A CODE OF ETHICS 1. What is your educationalMore information
Chapter 4 Does God exist?
Chapter 4 Does God exist?: 4.1 Who is God? Chapter 4 Does God exist? 4.1 Who is God? Learning intentions By the end of this lesson pupils will: have discussed and articulated their own understanding ofMore information
Todd: Kim: Todd: Kim: Todd: Kim:
Todd: [0:00:18] Hey everybody, welcome to another edition of The Prosperity Podcast, this is No BS Money Guy Todd Strobel. Once again, we have my cohost, bestselling financial author Kim Butler with us,More information
Writing Political Theory Papers
Writing Political Theory Papers Political theory is a little bit different than political science. Here are some important differences. 1) It s more like philosophy than social science: it is more concernedMore information
Sexual Assault of a Child VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS
ATTORNEYS Sexual Assault of a Child VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS 1. What are your feelings or opinions about criminal defense attorneys? 2. Have you ever had a bad experience with a criminal defense attorney? IfMore information
There is an inherent flaw in the United States criminal justice system. The
The Problem of Truth: Discussion of a Lawyer s Duty There is an inherent flaw in the United States criminal justice system. The adversarial nature of formal dispute resolution upon which our common lawMore information
Compass Interdisciplinary Virtual Conference 19-30 Oct 2009
Compass Interdisciplinary Virtual Conference 19-30 Oct 2009 10 Things New Scholars should do to get published Duane Wegener Professor of Social Psychology, Purdue University Hello, I hope you re havingMore information
WHERE DO I STAND? A child s legal guide to separation and divorce.
WHERE DO I STAND? A child s legal guide to separation and divorce. INTRODUCTION This is a pamphlet for children whose parents separate or divorce. Separation or divorce is the result of problems betweenMore information
Club Accounts. 2011 Question 6.
Club Accounts. 2011 Question 6. Anyone familiar with Farm Accounts or Service Firms (notes for both topics are back on the webpage you found this on), will have no trouble with Club Accounts. EssentiallyMore information
OPENING INSTRUCTIONS Members of the Jury: Respective Roles of Jurors and Judge You ve been chosen as jurors for this case, and you ve taken an oath to decide the facts fairly. As we begin the trial, IMore information
How to Study Mathematics Written by Paul Dawkins
How to Study Mathematics Written by Paul Dawkins Before I get into the tips for how to study math let me first say that everyone studies differently and there is no one right way to study for a math class.More information
DUI FAQ Guide. FAQs to Help Guide You Through The Florida DUI Process
DUI FAQ Guide FAQs to Help Guide You Through The Florida DUI Process Randy Berman, Esq. Law Offices of Randy Berman (561) 537-3877 RandyBermanLaw.com A Simple guide for someone recently arrested for aMore information
How to Engage Customers with Social Media. White Paper & How-to Guide
How to Engage Customers with Social Media White Paper & How-to Guide Table of Contents Overview... 3 Is it really social, or just more media?... 3 Key principles... 3 The Social Media Experiment: willMore information
LEGAL POSITIVISM vs. NATURAL LAW THEORY
LEGAL POSITIVISM vs. NATURAL LAW THEORY There are two natural law theories about two different things: i) a natural law theory of morality, or what s right and wrong, and ii) a natural law theory of positiveMore information
PEOPLE V. HARRY POTTER THE COURT: Members of the jury, the defendant, Harry Potter, is charged in a one-count information which reads as follows: On or about November 23, 2008, HARRY POTTER, did unlawfullyMore information
Was it difficult for you to pick up this book? Is it hard even to consider if you. Am I experiencing. Am I an abused woman?
apter 1 1 Am I experiencing I didn t see myself as an abused woman. The only images I had came from television. I thought of abused women as weak, quiet and less educated women who were battered and bruised.More information
So You d Like a Sport Psychology Consultant to Work With Your Team? Three Key Lessons Learned from Olympic Teams
So You d Like a Sport Psychology Consultant to Work With Your Team? Three Key Lessons Learned from Olympic Teams Sean McCann, Senior Sport Psychologist, United States Olympic Committee I first startedMore information
Going Way Beyond Positive Thinking
Going Way Beyond Positive Thinking By Andy Shaw If you have previously spent virtually any time at all in the personal growth area then it is almost certain that you cannot have avoided at least some workMore information
The Basics of Building Credit
The Basics of Building Credit This program was developed to help middle school students learn the basics of building credit. At the end of this lesson, you should know about all of the Key Topics below:»More information
Our automatic thoughts echo our core beliefs. The more negative our core beliefs are, the more negative our automatic thoughts will be.
cchapter EIGHTb Core beliefs Think Good - Feel Good Paul Stallard Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBN: 0470842903 (Paperback) CORE BELIEFS Core beliefs are the fixed statements ideas that we haveMore information
THE NATIONAL DAY TO PREVENT TEEN PREGNANCY QUIZ Ever think about sex? Of course you do who doesn t? What about actually having sex? What will you do when you re in that situation? The best time to thinkMore information
What Are Certificates?
The Essentials Series: Code-Signing Certificates What Are Certificates? sponsored by by Don Jones W hat Are Certificates?... 1 Digital Certificates and Asymmetric Encryption... 1 Certificates as a FormMore information
Teaching the Faith Christian Education
Teaching the Faith Christian Education Course Introduction When you become a pastor, one most important responsibility you will have is teaching the Christian faith. If you lead a Bible study, teach aMore information
EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND ACTIVITIES My Answers
1 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND ACTIVITIES My Answers Exercises Identify the fallacies in the following passages. 1. If Satan existed then bad things would happen in the world. Bad things do happen in theMore information
STRING TELEPHONES. Education Development Center, Inc. DESIGN IT! ENGINEERING IN AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS. KELVIN Stock #651817
STRING TELEPHONES KELVIN Stock #6587 DESIGN IT! ENGINEERING IN AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS Education Development Center, Inc. DESIGN IT! Engineering in After School Programs Table of Contents Overview...3...More information
Questia Writing Center. 9 Step Writing Guide
Questia Writing Center 9 Step Writing Guide F A research paper is your opinion on a topic, informed by research you have done. It is not a summary of others thoughts, a personal essay or a review or critique.More information
Integrated Skills in English ISE II
Integrated Skills in English ISE II Reading & Writing exam Sample paper 2 Your full name: (BLOCK CAPITALS) Candidate number: Centre: Time allowed: 2 hours Instructions to candidates 1. Write your name,More information
Science and Religion
1 Science and Religion Scripture: Colossians 1:15-20 By Pastor John H. Noordhof Williamsburg Christian Reformed Church October 21, 2012 Morning Service People of God: Today we will deal with the troublingMore information
THEME: Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to indwell and empower us.
Devotion NT285 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: The Day of Pentecost THEME: Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to indwell and empower us. Dear Parents SCRIPTURE: Acts 2:1-41 Dear Parents, WelcomeMore information
A Course In Miracle Workbook For Dummies
A Course In Miracle Workbook For Dummies LESSON 154 I am among the ministers of God. W-154.1. Let us today be neither arrogant nor falsely humble. 2 We have gone beyond such foolishness. 3 We cannot judgeMore information
THEME: God has a calling on the lives of every one of His children!
Devotion NT298 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Paul s First Missionary Journey THEME: God has a calling on the lives of every one of His children! SCRIPTURE: Acts 12:25 13:52 Dear ParentsMore information
Introduction: Reading and writing; talking and thinking
Introduction: Reading and writing; talking and thinking We begin, not with reading, writing or reasoning, but with talk, which is a more complicated business than most people realize. Of course, beingMore information
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a Real Estate Agent
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a Real Estate Agent 1 Introduction Selling a home can be one of the most stressful situations of your life. Whether you re upsizing, downsizing, moving across theMore information
Harvard College Program in General Education Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University. A Guide to Writing in Ethical Reasoning 15
Harvard College Program in General Education Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University A Guide to Writing in Ethical Reasoning 15 A Guide to Writing in Ethical Reasoning 15 Professor Jay M. HarrisMore information
The power of money management
The power of money management One trader lost ($3000) during the course of a year trading one contract of system A. Another trader makes $25,000 trading the same system that year. One trader makes $24,000More information
Six Tips for Getting Great Letters of Recommendation for College
Six Tips for Getting Great Letters of Recommendation for College Written by: Mark A. Montgomery, Ph.D. One of the most important elements of your college application is the recommendation of a teacher.More information
Your Image of the Child: Where Teaching Begins
Your Image of the Child: Where Teaching Begins by Loris Malaguzzi These comments are translated and adapted from a seminar presented by Professor Loris Malaguzzi in Reggio Emilia, Italy, June 1993. ThereMore information
Career Paths Thomas Harvey Interview by Wendy Werner
Career Paths Thomas Harvey Interview by Wendy Werner February 2012 Thomas B. Harvey is an attorney in solo practice in St. Louis, Missouri, (www.linkedin.com/pub/thomasharvey/14/778/51a) who graduatedMore information
Maximizing Strikes for Cause MAXIMIZING STRIKES FOR CAUSE IN CRIMINAL CASES BY ROBERT R. SWAFFORD I. INTRODUCTION This paper will introduce an approach to jury selection that is radically different fromMore information
Introduction. Dear Leader,
Table of Contents Introduction...4 Meeting and Setting Goals...6 Week 1: The Great Human Questions...9 Week 2: Examining the Ways We Know...15 Week 3: The Christian Worldview...24 Appendix A: The DivineMore information
a threat made in school
a threat made in school ADAM S BACKGROUND LEADING UP TO THE CRIME Adam, 15, is the youngest of four children. His parents are divorced. He lives with his mother, has regular contact with his father, andMore information
101 Ways to Build Self-Esteem in Your Child
1 101 Ways to Build Self-Esteem in Your Child Introduction What could you give your child that would be more valuable than a strong sense of themselves and their value in the world? If we feel good aboutMore information
Colorado Criminal Jury Instruction Chapter 1:04 and Chapter 3
Attachment No. 2 Proposed Plain Language Revisions to Colorado Criminal Jury Instruction Chapter 1:04 and Chapter 3 The work of the Plain Language Subcommittee is set forth below. For comparison, the redraftedMore information
Developing Critical Thinking Skills Saundra Yancy McGuire. Slide 1 TutorLingo On Demand Tutor Training Videos
Developing Critical Thinking Skills Saundra Yancy McGuire Slide 1 TutorLingo On Demand Tutor Training Videos To view Closed Captioning, click on the Notes tab to the left. For screen reader accessibleMore information
THEME: Jesus wants us to serve one another.
Devotion NT270 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: The Master Becomes a Servant THEME: Jesus wants us to serve one another. SCRIPTURE: John 13:1-17 Dear Parents Welcome to Bible Time forMore information
Writing Thesis Defense Papers
Writing Thesis Defense Papers The point of these papers is for you to explain and defend a thesis of your own critically analyzing the reasoning offered in support of a claim made by one of the philosophersMore information
Role Preparation. Preparing for a Mock Trial
Criminal Law Mock Trial: Role Preparation This package contains: PAGE Preparing for a Mock Trial 1 Time Chart 2 Etiquette 3-4 Role Preparation for: Crown and Defence Lawyers 5-7 Judge and Jury 8 CourtMore information
Stepping Outside the Box: Some Additional Thoughts Part II Robert Brooks, Ph.D.
Stepping Outside the Box: Some Additional Thoughts Part II Robert Brooks, Ph.D. This will be my last article until September. I want to wish my readers a relaxing summer and to mention that in additionMore information
Difficult Conversation Small Group Study Guide
Introduction to this Guide So I read the book. Now what? After Difficult Conversations came out in 1999 we started getting letters and e-mails from readers who were astonished and relieved at the insightsMore information
Google Lead Generation For Attorneys - Leverage The Power Of Adwords To Grow Your Law Business FAST. The Foundation of Google AdWords
Google Lead Generation For Attorneys - Leverage The Power Of Adwords To Grow Your Law Business FAST You re about to discover the secrets of fast legal practice success with Google AdWords. Google AdWordsMore information
Free Legal Consumer Guide Series www.southernmarylandlaw.com
Free Legal Consumer Guide Series Brought To You By Meeting All Your Legal Needs For 50 Years 2 How To Handle A Traffic Ticket HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE If you read this guide, you will discover what you needMore information
Ididn t think I was an alcoholic. I thought my
(2) FEAR OF FEAR This lady was cautious. She decided she wouldn t let herself go in her drinking. And she would never, never take that morning drink! Ididn t think I was an alcoholic. I thought my problemMore information
Mainly, non-muslims information on Islam is based on what they see on television and in the movies.
Why Islam I think Islam is the most misunderstood religion in the world. Not just by non-muslims, but by Muslims as well. Mainly, non-muslims information on Islam is based on what they see on televisionMore information
Rock-N-Happy Heart: The Devotional By Yancy. by Yancy
Rock-N-Happy Heart: The Devotional By Yancy by Yancy 1 73 Day 1-Dreams Will Come True Once upon a time a long time ago, I was a little girl with a dream. I loved to sing. (My parents have told that meMore information
Google Lead Generation for Attorneys
1 Google Lead Generation For Attorneys Leverage The Power Of AdWords To Grow Your Law Business FAST You re about to discover the secrets of fast legal practice success with Google AdWords. Google AdWordsMore information
BETTER YOUR CREDIT PROFILE Introduction What there is to your ITC that makes it so important to you and to everyone that needs to give you money. Your credit record shows the way you have been paying yourMore information
Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies Unit 1 - Believing in God
Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies Unit 1 - Believing in God Key Words Agnosticism: Not being sure if god exists or not. Atheist: Believing that God does not exist. Conversion: Changing from one religion toMore information
"The Amazingly Simple Success Secret You Can Learn in Two Minutes"
"The Amazingly Simple Success Secret You Can Learn in Two Minutes" (Value of this report: $29 to a completely unlimited figure and you ll understand why when you ve read it). This is your free gift fromMore information
A Time to Tell Troop Meeting Guide
A Time to Tell Troop Meeting Guide Using This Guide The video A Time to Tell shows several strategies child molesters use to attempt sexual molestation. In addition, one scenario introduces bullying asMore information
Sales Lead Brokerage Profit Plan Bonus Document
Sales Lead Brokerage Profit Plan Bonus Document Introduction Hello and thanks for ordering the Sales Lead Brokerage Profit Plan through the Money Makers Reviewed website. As you ll know if you read myMore information
Teaching Evolution in a Climate of Controversy Meshing Classroom Practice with Science and Common Sense
Teaching Evolution in a Climate of Controversy Meshing Classroom Practice with Science and Common Sense Kenneth R. Miller Brown University Preliminary Notes The issues that confront all educators in theMore information
What is the wealth of the United States? Who s got it? And how
Introduction: What Is Data Analysis? What is the wealth of the United States? Who s got it? And how is it changing? What are the consequences of an experimental drug? Does it work, or does it not, or doesMore information
Dating Vocabulary Lesson
Hello and welcome to the vocabulary lesson for the conversation called Dating. Now this is a conversation Joe and I were having about some of our friends and the different dates that they have gone on.More information
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a Real Estate Agent
Seven Things You Must Know Before Hiring a Real Estate Agent Seven Things To Know Before Hiring a Real Estate Agent Copyright All Rights Reserved 1 Introduction Selling a home can be one of the most stressfulMore information
The Police Have Left Word That They Want to Speak With You
The Police Have Left Word That They Want to Speak With You What Does it Mean and What Should You Do? Don A. Murray, Esq. Shalley & Murray 125-10 Queens Blvd., Suite 10 Kew Gardens, NY 11415 273 Sea CliffMore information


text:
According to Apple Inc., they are entitled to approximately $2.525 billion of damages in its court battle against South Korean conglomerate, Samsung Electronics Co., concerning numerous patents that see action in the kind of technology that our modern day smartphones and tablets embrace – which of course, will include the synonymous Apple products, the iPhone and the iPad. A partially redacted filing today with a federal court in San Jose, California, saw Apple mentioning that they strongly believe that Samsung owes them "substantial monetary damages" as Samsung illegally "chose to compete by copying Apple."
Damages, which will also include reasonable (now this is definitely going to be a relative term) royalty damages, will hit "a combined total of $2.525 billion." Not only that, Apple will continue to look out for various ways in order to obtain a permanent injunction so that future violations will be relegated to a thing of the past. I suppose there is another way Apple can stay afloat and alive in the years to come, just sue the pants off all the other companies in the world and start living off damages paid – assuming they win each court battle, of course.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
From the Director:
A variety of activities are designed to provide students with a balance between self and teacher-directed projects, in various group sizes, in both indoor and outdoor settings.
Your cart is empty.:( Let's fix that!Close
3149 Steiner Street
San Francisco, CA 94123
(415) 346-8608
From the Director:
A variety of activities are designed to provide students with a balance between self and teacher-directed projects, in various group sizes, in both indoor and outdoor settings.
|Play- based
|mostly teacher led
|not formally in curriculum
|conducive environment
More Information
|Oral language
|Nursery rhymes, poems, songs
|Storybook reading
|Emerging literacy skills
|Cognitive development
|Math & number sense
More Information
|Time & space
More Information
|Sci. reasoning/physical world
More Information
More Information
|Visual arts
More Information
|Physical activity
More Information
|Other subjects taught
|Italian Gymnastics Music Teacher
Little Gator's goal is to provide your child with a supportive and stimulating environment which will promote his/her optimal physical, social, emotional and intellectual development. We believe the most important contribution we can make to your child's life is to help your child develop a positive self-image. The ability to feel good about one's self enables a child to retain their natural desire to learn. Children are encouraged to be themselves and show respect for their peers and teachers.
Two Year Old Program- Our goal is to introduce new concepts in learning through music,art,games, stories, cooking and other activities, while providing an environmentwhich feels safe and loving to each child.
Three Year Old Program- During this crucial period of intellectual development and strengthening of peer relationships, children are introduced to letters and numbers, social studies, science, computer, and fine and gross motor activities, in a style that shows learning is fun.
Pre-K Program- The goal is to prepare children for Kindergarten. Building on the concepts from the Three Year Old Program. An addition with more advanced worksheets, phonics, foreign language, and educational visitors, children enhance letter and number recognition and writing skills. The class is divided into small groups in order to meet the individual needs of each child based on their level of readiness for Kindergarten.
We communicate everyday. We also have meetings. And one Annual Summary meeting.We have lots of meetings about this. I am here at any time to help the parents. This is a very big deal. We always want to help at this time.
Lots and lots of love and hugs. Each child is different so we deal with each one differently.


text:
We're Factor San Francisco, a creative agency crafting brand experiences
for clients like Google, Android, Constellation Brands, and more.
A track record of success.
Our clients trust us to deliver creative that connects and delights. Every time.
You name it, we've done it.
Digital. Social. Branding. Video. Animation. For brands that expect the best.
Let's talk.
We'll bring the coffee.


text:
Practice Profile
|Practice NameDesignwall
Gregory Burgess Architects
Since 1972, Gregory Burgess Architects has created a reputation for innovative, economical and popular building solutions. Our projects demonstrate a dynamic responsiveness to the urban and rural environment, to community interests and needs, and to practical and economic demands.
Gregory Burgess Architects is a broadly based practice with major built works in architecture, interior design, urban planning and design, and exhibitions. We serve a diverse range of public and private sector clients.
Completed architectural projects include major tourism and visitor centres, health facilities, performing arts facilities, libraries and educational buildings, residential developments, religious architecture, commercial fitouts and Heritage developments.
Thorough site familiarisation, information gathering, careful questioning and listening in the client briefing process is the foundation of our architecture. Clients are active participants in this consultative process, resulting in a sense of ownership and accomplishment in the design.


text:
Keyboard ALT + g to toggle grid overlay
Simulate a wide range of complex 3D dynamic effects. Create and render smoke, spray, dust and pouring and sloshing liquids. Self-collisions enable nParticles to accumulate within volumes. Map shading attributes such as radius, colour, opacity and incandescence over time (or over age, radius and speed).


text:
High interest in high tides
Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle
These SFGate.com articles and photo collections got the most page views in the week that ended Friday at 1 p.m.:
1. High tides bring Bay Area flooding
2. Marquez knocks out Pacquiao in round 6
3. School rampage in Connecticut
4. Seattle's City Hall becomes state's same-sex marriage capital
5. Kaepernick's run key in 27-13 win over Miami
1. Most alluring women in film
2. 75 books every man should have
3. American Country Awards 2012
4. Miss Universe 2012 contestants in portraits
5. 25 office gifts under $25
Most popular searches
1. Boy, 7, killed in gun store
2. Secret files on aliens
3. Jenni Rivera dead
4. Pa. woman shot over cigarette
5. Heisman Trophy
- Vlae Kershner, news director, SFGate. E-mail him at email@example.com.


text:
One day,Bella gets hit by a car and she is reecovering...
My Birthday Wish
- by Yasmiinn
- Rating:
- Published: 7 Oct 2012
- Updated: 9 Oct 2012
- Status: In Progress
Winter and Niall have been planning her birthday wish for a year all most but does it come true? Does he have to leave her alone on her birthday? Do they break up. What happens to Winter on the day of her birthday is for you to find out. If you keep wishing the same wish she did would you wish for it to come true as much as she did? Where does she want to go is Paris.
Join MovellasFind out what all the buzz is about. Join now to start sharing your creativity and passion
Loading ...


text:
Quick Reference
The official name of the Portuguese dictatorship, which was established by Carmona in 1926 and came to bear the imprint of Salazar (1928–68). Its central features were economic stringency and conservatism (which prevented industrial expansion), social conservatism and maintenance of good relations with the Roman Catholic Church, authoritarianism, and the maintenance of its colonies at all cost, tying them closer to metropolitan Portugal through administrative integration and the promotion of emigration to the colonies. After the replacement of Caetano in 1974, the Estado Novo collapsed concurrently with the colonial empire.
Subjects: Contemporary History (Post 1945).
Related content in Oxford Index
Reference entries
Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content.


text:
ELT Course Descriptions in Tertiary Education: A Critical-interpretative Investigation
Ould Hende, EL Moctar
Date issued
Thesis or dissertation
University of Exeter
The course description is a brief, yet comprehensive, written account of a course teachers produce and give to their students at the beginning of courses. Course descriptions (CDs) are routinely produced and used in many educational institutions. However, with the exception of few passing references to them in Elliot (1997) and Swales (1990), discourse analysis has not sought to provide good understanding. This study is an attempt to fill in such a gap in knowledge by exploring the CD in the context of higher education in the United Arab Emirates, where the researcher has been working up to the completion of the present study. Employing the technique of triangulation, the study forms a methodology that combines Foucault's approach to discourse, action research and the critical and interpretative paradigms as a basis for analyzing data from 12 CDs, questionnaires and interviews. On the level of analysis, Foucault's approach to discourse has been operationalized by Systemic Functional Linguistics and Bernstein's theory of pedagogic discourse. Within the framework of the Systemic Functional Linguistics, the CD as a text is approached from three perspectives: Field, Tenor and Mode. This has revealed the overwhelming use of long clauses, the constitution of the student as'expected to study', not as thinking or knowing entity, the use of the Declarative Mood, ambiguity of the source and receiver, ellipsis and obligatory sections. The purpose of investigating the CD within the framework of Bernstein's theory of pedagogic discourse was to shed light on CD perspectives that could not be accounted for by the text analysis on its own. Thus, it described the roles, production, transmission and reproduction processes of the CD and the attitudes of teachers and students towards it. Thus, it has been concluded that the CD is dominantly regulative, that it is imposed by the Accreditation Committee under the pressure of globalization and that its use needs to be improved or stopped.
MacDonald, Malcolm
Degree title
EdD in TESOL
Qualification level
Qualification name


text:
Mozy's Dave Robinson Honored As Rising Executive
Online Backup Marketing Veteran Makes Utah Business Magazine's 40 Under 40 List
PLEASANT GROVE, UT – January 16, 2013 – Mozy®, the world's most trusted provider of data access and backup for consumers and businesses, has received recognition for one of its rising stars. Dave Robinson, Vice President of Marketing, has been honored as one of the 40 Under 40 by Utah Business Magazine. More information (and voting for the magazine cover) can be found at 40 Under 40.
Hired in 2006 as Mozy's first marketing employee, Robinson has spent the past seven years leading Mozy's global marketing operations, now spread across North America, Europe and China. In addition, Robinson is EMC's Site Lead for Utah, representing the hundreds of Mozy employees in Pleasant Grove who roll up to the parent company.
Prior to Mozy, Robinson worked for several other Utah companies, including the Publicis agency in Salt Lake City, startup Webmiles, and Ancestry.com, helping grow its email marketing business significantly over a three-year period.
Robinson is widely recognized in his industry as an expert in both consumer and business-to-business international marketing (B2C and B2B), with a particular wealth of experience in e-commerce, direct marketing, channel (sell through) marketing, and partner marketing.
Mozy by EMC is the world's most trusted provider of cloud backup and access, with more than 6 million customers, including more than 100,000 businesses, backing up 90 petabytes of information to its multiple data centers around the globe. Wholly owned by EMC Corporation since 2007, Mozy is an essential component in the EMC backup and recovery solutions portfolio. More information can be found at mozy.com.


text:
Chances are, if you are just entering the world of homeschooling, you are feeling a little exhilarated, a bit unsure, and probably somewhat overwhelmed. You are not alone! Many parents who make the decision to oversee their childrenas education have similar feelings at the beginning.Where experienced homeschoolers share their stories with you. The Welcome to Homeschooling guide will help you gain a better understanding on: How and where to begin homeschooling. Am I making the right decision to homeschool? Am I doing everything I'm supposed to do while homeschooling? and much, much more!Over the past 10 years, the web has exploded with information about all things homeschooling . ... Secular Homeschool Leta#39;s Homeschool High School These sites provide a terrific introduction to teaching methods and materials that often include listings of support groups and cover schools . ... LearningGamesforKids - Free educational games for elementary students in math, language arts, and more .
|Welcome to Homeschooling
|Time4Learning.com - 2014-01-01
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


text:
The Look for Less: Horse Photographs
• 19 March 2012
A couple of years ago, Elle Decor ran an article about a family who renovated an old farmhouse in New York state (the specific url is no longer active...sorry!). I blogged about it at the time, as it is sophisticated yet cozy country living at its finest! I have never been able to forget the stunning, framed Roberto Dutesco photograph that is the backdrop for this lovely room. I'm not sure why this image of wild horses resonated with me so--I've only ridden a horse a handful of times in my life; but, it's undeniably one of the few interiors that still linger in my mind.
If you ever wanted to replicate this look on a tight budget, here are several other options to consider. Lots of links below...just click on "read more" to see them.
wild horses running / nuzzling horses / horses in sea / dark horse
Also, I've listed several more fantastic options below--ones that are not pictured within the post, but are definitely noteworthy as well.
one / two / three / four / five / six / seven / eight
7 comments:
- Mary said...
Horses are so majestic, and they definitely do stand out. I am reminded of Paula's house at Two Ellie - she has a horse picture in her home as well:
- March 20, 2012 at 5:44 AM
- michelle said...
I agree! I don't have any reason to love horses either, I've hardly been around them, but whenever I saw photos of them on pioneerwoman's site, I always wanted one in my home.
- March 20, 2012 at 9:51 AM
- Anna M said...
I don't know if you were looking for the exact horse photo in the featured home, but it is by a Roberto Dutesco.
great inspiration
- March 20, 2012 at 1:49 PM
- Stephanie said...
Mary, thanks for the reminder about Paula's blog. She has great style, there's no doubt about it!
Michelle, we are on the same page!
And Anna (so great to meet you at Alt!), I appreciate the heads up on the artist. Thanks!
- March 20, 2012 at 11:06 PM
- Barbie said...
I've admired horse photography too! I actually copied the horse art in the Wisteria catalog with decent results once using a black pastel. But one of these hanging in my house is a must I think. Thanks for the great links.
BTW, I asked you about your Tolix chairs a while ago. Thanks for getting back to me. I just had mine delivered today and I'm so pleased with them.
- March 21, 2012 at 10:20 PM
- Debra Russell Fine Art said...
I remember when this was posted and found the source http://www.dutescoart.com/exhibits/sablehorses/index.html Roberto Dutescoart spent years with these wild horses on Sable Island. The beauty of this breed is never having been touched by humans. As a horse owner and photographer of horses, these images by Roberto took my breath away! Don't know him, but wish I did!
- March 22, 2012 at 7:52 AM
- Stephanie said...
Barbie, so glad to hear it! You'll love them. What color did you end up with?
Debra, thank you so much for the insight! I was so sad to have misplaced the original page with sourcing. I'm so happy you shared. I'll update the post :)
- March 22, 2012 at 1:34 PM


text:
Series: World Development Report Volume: 2003
Examines, over a 50 year period, the relationship between competing policy objectives of reducing poverty, maintaining growth, improving social cohesion, and protecting the environment. Emphasizes that many good policies have been identified but not implemented due to distributional issues and barriers to developing better institutions. Reviews institutional innovations that might help overcome these barriers and stresses that ensuring economic growth and improved management of the planet's ecosystem requires a reduction in poverty and inequality at all levels: local, national, and international.
There are currently no reviews for this book. Be the first to review this book!


text:
Showing Your True Colors
The most obvious form of merchandise is the team replica jersey. The reasons for this are fairly obvious. Sitting in the arena watching the team play, any fan will naturally feel so much a part of the team that they wish they could play. The next best thing to playing for the team is to at least be able to dress like a player, and it also gives a chance to wear a replica team vest with your favorite player's name and number on it. this forms a very firm bond between fan and team, something which makes for a greater atmosphere at games.
It is not uncommon to see musicians appear on stage or in videos wearing their team's replica jerseys. Showing an identity connection with your team allows you to send a message to other fans and attract goodwill – something that sport is notable for fostering.