text:
14. Doctrine Query Language¶
DQL stands for Doctrine Query Language and is an Object Query Language derivative that is very similar to the Hibernate Query Language (HQL) or the Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL).
In essence, DQL provides powerful querying capabilities over your object model. Imagine all your objects lying around in some storage (like an object database). When writing DQL queries, think about querying that storage to pick a certain subset of your objects.
A common mistake for beginners is to mistake DQL for being just some form of SQL and therefore trying to use table names and column names or join arbitrary tables together in a query. You need to think about DQL as a query language for your object model, not for your relational schema.
DQL is case in-sensitive, except for namespace, class and field names, which are case sensitive.
14.1. Types of DQL queries¶
DQL as a query language has SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE constructs
that map to their corresponding SQL statement types. INSERT
statements are not allowed in DQL, because entities and their
relations have to be introduced into the persistence context
EntityManager#persist() to ensure consistency of your
object model.
DQL SELECT statements are a very powerful way of retrieving parts of your domain model that are not accessible via associations. Additionally they allow you to retrieve entities and their associations in one single SQL select statement which can make a huge difference in performance compared to using several queries.
DQL UPDATE and DELETE statements offer a way to execute bulk changes on the entities of your domain model. This is often necessary when you cannot load all the affected entities of a bulk update into memory.
14.2. SELECT queries¶
14.2.1. DQL SELECT clause¶
Here is an example that selects all users with an age > 20:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM MyProject\Model\User u WHERE u.age > 20');
$users = $query->getResult();
Lets examine the query:
uis a so called identification variable or alias that refers to the
MyProject\Model\Userclass. By placing this alias in the SELECT clause we specify that we want all instances of the User class that are matched by this query to appear in the query result.
- The FROM keyword is always followed by a fully-qualified class name which in turn is followed by an identification variable or alias for that class name. This class designates a root of our query from which we can navigate further via joins (explained later) and path expressions.
- The expression
u.agein the WHERE clause is a path expression. Path expressions in DQL are easily identified by the use of the '.' operator that is used for constructing paths. The path expression
u.agerefers to the
agefield on the User class.
The result of this query would be a list of User objects where all users are older than 20.
14.2.2. Result format¶
The composition of the expressions in the SELECT clause also influences the nature of the query result. There are three cases:
All objects
SELECT u, p, n FROM Users u...
In this case, the result will be an array of User objects because of
the FROM clause, with children
p and
n hydrated because of
their inclusion in the SELECT clause.
All scalars
SELECT u.name, u.address FROM Users u...
In this case, the result will be an array of arrays. In the example above, each element of the result array would be an array of the scalar name and address values.
You can select scalars from any entity in the query.
``SELECT u, p.quantity FROM Users u...``
Here, the result will again be an array of arrays, with each element
being an array made up of a User object and the scalar value
Multiple FROM clauses are allowed, which would cause the result array elements to cycle through the classes included in the multiple FROM clauses.
You cannot select other entities unless you also select the root of the selection (which is the first entity in FROM).
For example,
SELECT p,n FROM Users u... would be wrong because
u is not part of the SELECT
Doctrine throws an exception if you violate this constraint.
14.2.3. Joins¶
A SELECT query can contain joins. There are 2 types of JOINs: "Regular" Joins and "Fetch" Joins.
Regular Joins: Used to limit the results and/or compute aggregate values.
Fetch Joins: In addition to the uses of regular joins: Used to fetch related entities and include them in the hydrated result of a query.
There is no special DQL keyword that distinguishes a regular join from a fetch join. A join (be it an inner or outer join) becomes a "fetch join" as soon as fields of the joined entity appear in the SELECT part of the DQL query outside of an aggregate function. Otherwise its a "regular join".
Regular join of the address:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u FROM User u JOIN u.address a WHERE a.city = 'Berlin'");
$users = $query->getResult();
Fetch join of the address:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u, a FROM User u JOIN u.address a WHERE a.city = 'Berlin'");
$users = $query->getResult();
When Doctrine hydrates a query with fetch-join it returns the class
in the FROM clause on the root level of the result array. In the
previous example an array of User instances is returned and the
address of each user is fetched and hydrated into the
User#address variable. If you access the address Doctrine does
not need to lazy load the association with another query.
Doctrine allows you to walk all the associations between all the objects in your domain model. Objects that were not already loaded from the database are replaced with lazy loading proxy instances. Non-loaded Collections are also replaced by lazy-loading instances that fetch all the contained objects upon first access. However relying on the lazy-loading mechanism leads to many small queries executed against the database, which can significantly affect the performance of your application. Fetch Joins are the solution to hydrate most or all of the entities that you need in a single SELECT query.
14.2.4. Named and Positional Parameters¶
DQL supports both named and positional parameters, however in contrast to many SQL dialects positional parameters are specified with numbers, for example "?1", "?2" and so on. Named parameters are specified with ":name1", ":name2" and so on.
When referencing the parameters in
Query#setParameter($param, $value)
both named and positional parameters are used without their prefixes.
14.2.5. DQL SELECT Examples¶
This section contains a large set of DQL queries and some explanations of what is happening. The actual result also depends on the hydration mode.
Hydrate all User entities:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM MyProject\Model\User u');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of User objects
Retrieve the IDs of all CmsUsers:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.id FROM CmsUser u');
$ids = $query->getResult(); // array of CmsUser ids
Retrieve the IDs of all users that have written an article:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT DISTINCT u.id FROM CmsArticle a JOIN a.user u');
$ids = $query->getResult(); // array of CmsUser ids
Retrieve all articles and sort them by the name of the articles users instance:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT a FROM CmsArticle a JOIN a.user u ORDER BY u.name ASC');
$articles = $query->getResult(); // array of CmsArticle objects
Retrieve the Username and Name of a CmsUser:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.username, u.name FROM CmsUser u');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of CmsUser username and name values
echo $users[0]['username'];
Retrieve a ForumUser and his single associated entity:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u, a FROM ForumUser u JOIN u.avatar a');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects with the avatar association loaded
echo get_class($users[0]->getAvatar());
Retrieve a CmsUser and fetch join all the phonenumbers he has:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u, p FROM CmsUser u JOIN u.phonenumbers p');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of CmsUser objects with the phonenumbers association loaded
$phonenumbers = $users[0]->getPhonenumbers();
Hydrate a result in Ascending:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM ForumUser u ORDER BY u.id ASC');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
Or in Descending Order:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM ForumUser u ORDER BY u.id DESC');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
Using Aggregate Functions:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT COUNT(u.id) FROM Entities\User u');
$count = $query->getSingleScalarResult();
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u, count(g.id) FROM Entities\User u JOIN u.groups g GROUP BY u.id');
$result = $query->getResult();
With WHERE Clause and Positional Parameter:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM ForumUser u WHERE u.id = ?1');
$query->setParameter(1, 321);
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
With WHERE Clause and Named Parameter:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM ForumUser u WHERE u.username = :name');
$query->setParameter('name', 'Bob');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
With Nested Conditions in WHERE Clause:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM ForumUser u WHERE (u.username = :name OR u.username = :name2) AND u.id = :id');
'name' => 'Bob',
'name2' => 'Alice',
'id' => 321,
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
With COUNT DISTINCT:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT u.name) FROM CmsUser');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
With Arithmetic Expression in WHERE clause:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u WHERE ((u.id + 5000) * u.id + 3) < 10000000');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of ForumUser objects
Retrieve user entities with Arithmetic Expression in ORDER clause, using the
HIDDEN keyword:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u, u.posts_count + u.likes_count AS HIDDEN score FROM CmsUser u ORDER BY score');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of User objects
Using a LEFT JOIN to hydrate all user-ids and optionally associated article-ids:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.id, a.id as article_id FROM CmsUser u LEFT JOIN u.articles a');
$results = $query->getResult(); // array of user ids and every article_id for each user
Restricting a JOIN clause by additional conditions specified by WITH:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u FROM CmsUser u LEFT JOIN u.articles a WITH a.topic LIKE :foo");
$query->setParameter('foo', '%foo%');
$users = $query->getResult();
Using several Fetch JOINs:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u, a, p, c FROM CmsUser u JOIN u.articles a JOIN u.phonenumbers p JOIN a.comments c');
$users = $query->getResult();
BETWEEN in WHERE clause:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.name FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.id BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2');
$query->setParameter(1, 123);
$query->setParameter(2, 321);
$usernames = $query->getResult();
DQL Functions in WHERE clause:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u.name FROM CmsUser u WHERE TRIM(u.name) = 'someone'");
$usernames = $query->getResult();
IN() Expression:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.name FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.id IN(46)');
$usernames = $query->getResult();
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.id IN (1, 2)');
$users = $query->getResult();
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.id NOT IN (1)');
$users = $query->getResult();
CONCAT() DQL Function:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u.id FROM CmsUser u WHERE CONCAT(u.name, 's') = ?1");
$query->setParameter(1, 'Jess');
$ids = $query->getResult();
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT CONCAT(u.id, u.name) FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.id = ?1');
$query->setParameter(1, 321);
$idUsernames = $query->getResult();
EXISTS in WHERE clause with correlated Subquery
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.id FROM CmsUser u WHERE EXISTS (SELECT p.phonenumber FROM CmsPhonenumber p WHERE p.user = u.id)');
$ids = $query->getResult();
Get all users who are members of $group.
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u.id FROM CmsUser u WHERE :groupId MEMBER OF u.groups');
$query->setParameter('groupId', $group);
$ids = $query->getResult();
Get all users that have more than 1 phonenumber
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u WHERE SIZE(u.phonenumbers) > 1');
$users = $query->getResult();
Get all users that have no phonenumber
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u WHERE u.phonenumbers IS EMPTY');
$users = $query->getResult();
Get all instances of a specific type, for use with inheritance hierarchies:
New in version 2.1.
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company\CompanyPerson u WHERE u INSTANCE OF Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company\CompanyEmployee');
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company\CompanyPerson u WHERE u INSTANCE OF ?1');
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company\CompanyPerson u WHERE u NOT INSTANCE OF ?1');
Get all users visible on a given website that have chosen certain gender:
New in version 2.2.
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.gender IN (SELECT IDENTITY(agl.gender) FROM Site s JOIN s.activeGenderList agl WHERE s.id = ?1)');
New in version 2.4.
Starting with 2.4, the IDENTITY() DQL function also works for composite primary keys:
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT IDENTITY(c.location, 'latitude') AS latitude, IDENTITY(c.location, 'longitude') AS longitude FROM Checkpoint c WHERE c.user = ?1");
Joins between entities without associations were not possible until version 2.4, where you can generate an arbitrary join with the following syntax:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM User u JOIN Blacklist b WITH u.email = b.email');
The differences between WHERE, WITH and HAVING clauses may be confusing.
- WHERE is applied to the results of an entire query
- WITH is applied to a join as an additional condition. For arbitrary joins (SELECT f, b FROM Foo f, Bar b WITH f.id = b.id) the WITH is required, even if it is 1 = 1
- HAVING is applied to the results of a query after aggregation (GROUP BY)
220.127.116.11. Partial Object Syntax¶
By default when you run a DQL query in Doctrine and select only a subset of the fields for a given entity, you do not receive objects back. Instead, you receive only arrays as a flat rectangular result set, similar to how you would if you were just using SQL directly and joining some data.
If you want to select partial objects you can use the
DQL keyword:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT partial u.{id, username} FROM CmsUser u');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of partially loaded CmsUser objects
You use the partial syntax when joining as well:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT partial u.{id, username}, partial a.{id, name} FROM CmsUser u JOIN u.articles a');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of partially loaded CmsUser objects
184.108.40.206. "NEW" Operator Syntax¶
New in version 2.4.
Using the
NEW operator you can construct Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) directly from DQL queries.
- When using
SELECT NEWyou don't need to specify a mapped entity.
- You can specify any PHP class, it only requires that the constructor of this class matches the
- This approach involves determining exactly which columns you really need, and instantiating a data-transfer object that contains a constructor with those arguments.
If you want to select data-transfer objects you should create a class:
class CustomerDTO
public function __construct($name, $email, $city, $value = null)
// Bind values to the object properties.
And then use the
NEW DQL keyword :
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT NEW CustomerDTO(c.name, e.email, a.city) FROM Customer c JOIN c.email e JOIN c.address a');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of CustomerDTO
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT NEW CustomerDTO(c.name, e.email, a.city, SUM(o.value)) FROM Customer c JOIN c.email e JOIN c.address a JOIN c.orders o GROUP BY c');
$users = $query->getResult(); // array of CustomerDTO
Note that you can only pass scalar expressions to the constructor.
14.2.6. Using INDEX BY¶
The INDEX BY construct is nothing that directly translates into SQL but that affects object and array hydration. After each FROM and JOIN clause you specify by which field this class should be indexed in the result. By default a result is incremented by numerical keys starting with 0. However with INDEX BY you can specify any other column to be the key of your result, it really only makes sense with primary or unique fields though:
SELECT u.id, u.status, upper(u.name) nameUpper FROM User u INDEX BY u.id
JOIN u.phonenumbers p INDEX BY p.phonenumber
Returns an array of the following kind, indexed by both user-id then phonenumber-id:
0 =>
1 =>
public '__CLASS__' => string 'Doctrine\Tests\Models\CMS\CmsUser' (length=33)
public 'id' => int 1
'nameUpper' => string 'ROMANB' (length=6)
1 =>
2 =>
public '__CLASS__' => string 'Doctrine\Tests\Models\CMS\CmsUser' (length=33)
public 'id' => int 2
'nameUpper' => string 'JWAGE' (length=5)
14.3. UPDATE queries¶
DQL not only allows to select your Entities using field names, you can also execute bulk updates on a set of entities using an DQL-UPDATE query. The Syntax of an UPDATE query works as expected, as the following example shows:
UPDATE MyProject\Model\User u SET u.password = 'new' WHERE u.id IN (1, 2, 3)
References to related entities are only possible in the WHERE clause and using sub-selects.
DQL UPDATE statements are ported directly into a
Database UPDATE statement and therefore bypass any locking scheme, events
and do not increment the version column. Entities that are already
loaded into the persistence context will NOT be synced with the
updated database state. It is recommended to call
EntityManager#clear() and retrieve new instances of any
affected entity.
14.4. DELETE queries¶
DELETE queries can also be specified using DQL and their syntax is as simple as the UPDATE syntax:
DELETE MyProject\Model\User u WHERE u.id = 4
The same restrictions apply for the reference of related entities.
DQL DELETE statements are ported directly into a Database DELETE statement and therefore bypass any events and checks for the version column if they are not explicitly added to the WHERE clause of the query. Additionally Deletes of specified entities are NOT cascaded to related entities even if specified in the metadata.
14.5. Functions, Operators, Aggregates¶
It is possible to wrap both fields and identification values into aggregation and DQL functions. Numerical fields can be part of computations using mathematical operations.
14.5.1. DQL Functions¶
The following functions are supported in SELECT, WHERE and HAVING clauses:
- IDENTITY(single_association_path_expression [, fieldMapping]) - Retrieve the foreign key column of association of the owning side
- ABS(arithmetic_expression)
- CONCAT(str1, str2)
- CURRENT_DATE() - Return the current date
- CURRENT_TIME() - Returns the current time
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() - Returns a timestamp of the current date and time.
- LENGTH(str) - Returns the length of the given string
- LOCATE(needle, haystack [, offset]) - Locate the first occurrence of the substring in the string.
- LOWER(str) - returns the string lowercased.
- MOD(a, b) - Return a MOD b.
- SIZE(collection) - Return the number of elements in the specified collection
- SQRT(q) - Return the square-root of q.
- SUBSTRING(str, start [, length]) - Return substring of given string.
- TRIM([LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH] ['trchar' FROM] str) - Trim the string by the given trim char, defaults to whitespaces.
- UPPER(str) - Return the upper-case of the given string.
- DATE_ADD(date, days, unit) - Add the number of days to a given date. (Supported units are DAY, MONTH)
- DATE_SUB(date, days, unit) - Substract the number of days from a given date. (Supported units are DAY, MONTH)
- DATE_DIFF(date1, date2) - Calculate the difference in days between date1-date2.
14.5.2. Arithmetic operators¶
You can do math in DQL using numeric values, for example:
SELECT person.salary * 1.5 FROM CompanyPerson person WHERE person.salary < 100000
14.5.3. Aggregate Functions¶
The following aggregate functions are allowed in SELECT and GROUP BY clauses: AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUM
14.5.4. Other Expressions¶
DQL offers a wide-range of additional expressions that are known from SQL, here is a list of all the supported constructs:
ALL/ANY/SOME- Used in a WHERE clause followed by a sub-select this works like the equivalent constructs in SQL.
BETWEEN a AND band
NOT BETWEEN a AND bcan be used to match ranges of arithmetic values.
IN (x1, x2, ...)and
NOT IN (x1, x2, ..)can be used to match a set of given values.
LIKE ..and
NOT LIKE ..match parts of a string or text using % as a wildcard.
IS NULLand
IS NOT NULLto check for null values
NOT EXISTSin combination with a sub-select
14.5.5. Adding your own functions to the DQL language¶
By default DQL comes with functions that are part of a large basis of underlying databases. However you will most likely choose a database platform at the beginning of your project and most likely never change it. For this cases you can easily extend the DQL parser with own specialized platform functions.
You can register custom DQL functions in your ORM Configuration:
$config = new \Doctrine\ORM\Configuration();
$config->addCustomStringFunction($name, $class);
$config->addCustomNumericFunction($name, $class);
$config->addCustomDatetimeFunction($name, $class);
$em = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config);
The functions have to return either a string, numeric or datetime value depending on the registered function type. As an example we will add a MySQL specific FLOOR() functionality. All the given classes have to implement the base class :
namespace MyProject\Query\AST;
use \Doctrine\ORM\Query\AST\Functions\FunctionNode;
use \Doctrine\ORM\Query\Lexer;
class MysqlFloor extends FunctionNode
public $simpleArithmeticExpression;
public function getSql(\Doctrine\ORM\Query\SqlWalker $sqlWalker)
return 'FLOOR(' . $sqlWalker->walkSimpleArithmeticExpression(
) . ')';
public function parse(\Doctrine\ORM\Query\Parser $parser)
$this->simpleArithmeticExpression = $parser->SimpleArithmeticExpression();
We will register the function by calling and can then use it:
$config = $em->getConfiguration();
$config->registerNumericFunction('FLOOR', 'MyProject\Query\MysqlFloor');
$dql = "SELECT FLOOR(person.salary * 1.75) FROM CompanyPerson person";
14.6. Querying Inherited Classes¶
This section demonstrates how you can query inherited classes and what type of results to expect.
14.6.1. Single Table¶
Single Table Inheritance is an inheritance mapping strategy where all classes of a hierarchy are mapped to a single database table. In order to distinguish which row represents which type in the hierarchy a so-called discriminator column is used.
First we need to setup an example set of entities to use. In this scenario it is a generic Person and Employee example:
namespace Entities;
* @Entity
* @InheritanceType("SINGLE_TABLE")
* @DiscriminatorColumn(name="discr", type="string")
* @DiscriminatorMap({"person" = "Person", "employee" = "Employee"})
class Person
* @Id @Column(type="integer")
* @GeneratedValue
protected $id;
* @Column(type="string", length=50)
protected $name;
// ...
* @Entity
class Employee extends Person
* @Column(type="string", length=50)
private $department;
// ...
First notice that the generated SQL to create the tables for these entities looks like the following:
CREATE TABLE Person (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
discr VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
Now when persist a new
Employee instance it will set the
discriminator value for us automatically:
$employee = new \Entities\Employee();
Now lets run a simple query to retrieve the
Employee we just
SELECT e FROM Entities\Employee e WHERE e.name = 'test'
If we check the generated SQL you will notice it has some special
conditions added to ensure that we will only get back
SELECT p0_.id AS id0, p0_.name AS name1, p0_.department AS department2,
p0_.discr AS discr3 FROM Person p0_
WHERE (p0_.name = ?) AND p0_.discr IN ('employee')
14.6.2. Class Table Inheritance¶
Class Table Inheritance is an inheritance mapping strategy where each class in a hierarchy is mapped to several tables: its own table and the tables of all parent classes. The table of a child class is linked to the table of a parent class through a foreign key constraint. Doctrine 2 implements this strategy through the use of a discriminator column in the topmost table of the hierarchy because this is the easiest way to achieve polymorphic queries with Class Table Inheritance.
The example for class table inheritance is the same as single
table, you just need to change the inheritance type from
SINGLE_TABLE to
* @Entity
* @InheritanceType("JOINED")
* @DiscriminatorColumn(name="discr", type="string")
* @DiscriminatorMap({"person" = "Person", "employee" = "Employee"})
class Person
// ...
Now take a look at the SQL which is generated to create the table, you'll notice some differences:
CREATE TABLE Person (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
discr VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE Employee (
id INT NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
ALTER TABLE Employee ADD FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES Person(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
- The data is split between two tables
- A foreign key exists between the two tables
Now if were to insert the same
Employee as we did in the
SINGLE_TABLE example and run the same example query it will
generate different SQL joining the
Person information
automatically for you:
SELECT p0_.id AS id0, p0_.name AS name1, e1_.department AS department2,
p0_.discr AS discr3
FROM Employee e1_ INNER JOIN Person p0_ ON e1_.id = p0_.id
WHERE p0_.name = ?
14.7. The Query class¶
An instance of the
Doctrine\ORM\Query class represents a DQL
query. You create a Query instance be calling
EntityManager#createQuery($dql), passing the DQL query string.
Alternatively you can create an empty
Query instance and invoke
Query#setDQL($dql) afterwards. Here are some examples:
// $em instanceof EntityManager
// example1: passing a DQL string
$q = $em->createQuery('select u from MyProject\Model\User u');
// example2: using setDQL
$q = $em->createQuery();
$q->setDQL('select u from MyProject\Model\User u');
14.7.1. Query Result Formats¶
The format in which the result of a DQL SELECT query is returned
can be influenced by a so-called
hydration mode. A hydration
mode specifies a particular way in which a SQL result set is
transformed. Each hydration mode has its own dedicated method on
the Query class. Here they are:
Query#getResult(): Retrieves a collection of objects. The result is either a plain collection of objects (pure) or an array where the objects are nested in the result rows (mixed).
Query#getSingleResult(): Retrieves a single object. If the result contains more than one object, an
NonUniqueResultExceptionis thrown. If the result contains no objects, an
NoResultExceptionis thrown. The pure/mixed distinction does not apply.
Query#getOneOrNullResult(): Retrieve a single object. If no object is found null will be returned.
Query#getArrayResult(): Retrieves an array graph (a nested array) that is largely interchangeable with the object graph generated by
Query#getResult()for read-only purposes.
An array graph can differ from the corresponding object graph in certain scenarios due to the difference of the identity semantics between arrays and objects.
Query#getScalarResult(): Retrieves a flat/rectangular result set of scalar values that can contain duplicate data. The pure/mixed distinction does not apply.
Query#getSingleScalarResult(): Retrieves a single scalar value from the result returned by the dbms. If the result contains more than a single scalar value, an exception is thrown. The pure/mixed distinction does not apply.
Instead of using these methods, you can alternatively use the
general-purpose method
Query#execute(array $params = array(), $hydrationMode = Query::HYDRATE_OBJECT).
Using this method you can directly supply the hydration mode as the
second parameter via one of the Query constants. In fact, the
methods mentioned earlier are just convenient shortcuts for the
execute method. For example, the method
internally invokes execute, passing in
Query::HYDRATE_OBJECT as
the hydration mode.
The use of the methods mentioned earlier is generally preferred as it leads to more concise code.
14.7.2. Pure and Mixed Results¶
The nature of a result returned by a DQL SELECT query retrieved
Query#getResult() or
Query#getArrayResult() can be
of 2 forms: pure and mixed. In the previous simple
examples, you already saw a "pure" query result, with only objects.
By default, the result type is pure but
as soon as scalar values, such as aggregate values or other scalar values that do not belong to an entity, appear in the SELECT part of the DQL query, the result becomes mixed.
A mixed result has a different structure than a pure result in
order to accommodate for the scalar values.
A pure result usually looks like this:
$dql = "SELECT u FROM User u";
[0] => Object
[1] => Object
[2] => Object
A mixed result on the other hand has the following general structure:
$dql = "SELECT u, 'some scalar string', count(g.id) AS num FROM User u JOIN u.groups g GROUP BY u.id";
[0] => Object
[1] => "some scalar string"
['num'] => 42
// ... more scalar values, either indexed numerically or with a name
[0] => Object
[1] => "some scalar string"
['num'] => 42
// ... more scalar values, either indexed numerically or with a name
To better understand mixed results, consider the following DQL query:
SELECT u, UPPER(u.name) nameUpper FROM MyProject\Model\User u
This query makes use of the
UPPER DQL function that returns a
scalar value and because there is now a scalar value in the SELECT
clause, we get a mixed result.
Conventions for mixed results are as follows:
- The object fetched in the FROM clause is always positioned with the key '0'.
- Every scalar without a name is numbered in the order given in the query, starting with 1.
- Every aliased scalar is given with its alias-name as the key. The case of the name is kept.
- If several objects are fetched from the FROM clause they alternate every row.
Here is how the result could look like:
[0] => User (Object)
['nameUpper'] => "ROMAN"
[0] => User (Object)
['nameUpper'] => "JONATHAN"
And here is how you would access it in PHP code:
foreach ($results as $row) {
echo "Name: " . $row[0]->getName();
echo "Name UPPER: " . $row['nameUpper'];
14.7.3. Fetching Multiple FROM Entities¶
If you fetch multiple entities that are listed in the FROM clause then the hydration will return the rows iterating the different top-level entities.
$dql = "SELECT u, g FROM User u, Group g";
[0] => Object (User)
[1] => Object (Group)
[2] => Object (User)
[3] => Object (Group)
14.7.4. Hydration Modes¶
Each of the Hydration Modes makes assumptions about how the result is returned to user land. You should know about all the details to make best use of the different result formats:
The constants for the different hydration modes are:
- Query::HYDRATE_OBJECT
- Query::HYDRATE_ARRAY
- Query::HYDRATE_SCALAR
- Query::HYDRATE_SINGLE_SCALAR
18.104.22.168. Object Hydration¶
Object hydration hydrates the result set into the object graph:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u');
$users = $query->getResult(Query::HYDRATE_OBJECT);
Sometimes the behavior in the object hydrator can be confusing, which is why we are listing as many of the assumptions here for reference:
- Objects fetched in a FROM clause are returned as a Set, that means every object is only ever included in the resulting array once. This is the case even when using JOIN or GROUP BY in ways that return the same row for an object multiple times. If the hydrator sees the same object multiple times, then it makes sure it is only returned once.
- If an object is already in memory from a previous query of any kind, then then the previous object is used, even if the database may contain more recent data. Data from the database is discarded. This even happens if the previous object is still an unloaded proxy.
This list might be incomplete.
22.214.171.124. Array Hydration¶
You can run the same query with array hydration and the result set is hydrated into an array that represents the object graph:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u');
$users = $query->getResult(Query::HYDRATE_ARRAY);
You can use the
getArrayResult() shortcut as well:
$users = $query->getArrayResult();
126.96.36.199. Scalar Hydration¶
If you want to return a flat rectangular result set instead of an object graph you can use scalar hydration:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u');
$users = $query->getResult(Query::HYDRATE_SCALAR);
echo $users[0]['u_id'];
The following assumptions are made about selected fields using Scalar Hydration:
- Fields from classes are prefixed by the DQL alias in the result. A query of the kind 'SELECT u.name ..' returns a key 'u_name' in the result rows.
18.104.22.168. Single Scalar Hydration¶
If you have a query which returns just a single scalar value you can use single scalar hydration:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT COUNT(a.id) FROM CmsUser u LEFT JOIN u.articles a WHERE u.username = ?1 GROUP BY u.id');
$query->setParameter(1, 'jwage');
$numArticles = $query->getResult(Query::HYDRATE_SINGLE_SCALAR);
You can use the
getSingleScalarResult() shortcut as well:
$numArticles = $query->getSingleScalarResult();
188.8.131.52. Custom Hydration Modes¶
You can easily add your own custom hydration modes by first
creating a class which extends
namespace MyProject\Hydrators;
use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
use Doctrine\ORM\Internal\Hydration\AbstractHydrator;
class CustomHydrator extends AbstractHydrator
protected function _hydrateAll()
return $this->stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::Associative);
Next you just need to add the class to the ORM configuration:
$em->getConfiguration()->addCustomHydrationMode('CustomHydrator', 'MyProject\Hydrators\CustomHydrator');
Now the hydrator is ready to be used in your queries:
$query = $em->createQuery('SELECT u FROM CmsUser u');
$results = $query->getResult('CustomHydrator');
14.7.5. Iterating Large Result Sets¶
There are situations when a query you want to execute returns a very large result-set that needs to be processed. All the previously described hydration modes completely load a result-set into memory which might not be feasible with large result sets. See the Batch Processing section on details how to iterate large result sets.
14.7.6. Functions¶
The following methods exist on the
AbstractQuery which both
Query and
NativeQuery extend from.
22.214.171.124. Parameters¶
Prepared Statements that use numerical or named wildcards require additional parameters to be executable against the database. To pass parameters to the query the following methods can be used:
AbstractQuery::setParameter($param, $value)- Set the numerical or named wildcard to the given value.
AbstractQuery::setParameters(array $params)- Set an array of parameter key-value pairs.
Both named and positional parameters are passed to these methods without their ? or : prefix.
18.104.22.168. Query Hints¶
You can pass hints to the query parser and hydrators by using the
AbstractQuery::setHint($name, $value) method. Currently there
exist mostly internal query hints that are not be consumed in
userland. However the following few hints are to be used in
- Query::HINT_FORCE_PARTIAL_LOAD - Allows to hydrate objects
although not all their columns are fetched. This query hint can be
used to handle memory consumption problems with large result-sets
that contain char or binary data. Doctrine has no way of implicitly
reloading this data. Partially loaded objects have to be passed to
EntityManager::refresh()if they are to be reloaded fully from the database.
- Query::HINT_REFRESH - This query is used internally by
EntityManager::refresh()and can be used in userland as well. If you specify this hint and a query returns the data for an entity that is already managed by the UnitOfWork, the fields of the existing entity will be refreshed. In normal operation a result-set that loads data of an already existing entity is discarded in favor of the already existing entity.
- Query::HINT_CUSTOM_TREE_WALKERS - An array of additional
Doctrine\ORM\Query\TreeWalkerinstances that are attached to the DQL query parsing process.
18.104.22.168. Query Cache (DQL Query Only)¶
Parsing a DQL query and converting it into a SQL query against the underlying database platform obviously has some overhead in contrast to directly executing Native SQL queries. That is why there is a dedicated Query Cache for caching the DQL parser results. In combination with the use of wildcards you can reduce the number of parsed queries in production to zero.
The Query Cache Driver is passed from the
Doctrine\ORM\Configuration instance to each
Doctrine\ORM\Query instance by default and is also enabled by
default. This also means you don't regularly need to fiddle with
the parameters of the Query Cache, however if you do there are
several methods to interact with it:
Query::setQueryCacheDriver($driver)- Allows to set a Cache instance
Query::setQueryCacheLifeTime($seconds = 3600)- Set lifetime of the query caching.
Query::expireQueryCache($bool)- Enforce the expiring of the query cache if set to true.
22.214.171.124. First and Max Result Items (DQL Query Only)¶
You can limit the number of results returned from a DQL query as well as specify the starting offset, Doctrine then uses a strategy of manipulating the select query to return only the requested number of results:
If your query contains a fetch-joined collection specifying the result limit methods are not working as you would expect. Set Max Results restricts the number of database result rows, however in the case of fetch-joined collections one root entity might appear in many rows, effectively hydrating less than the specified number of results.
22.214.171.124. Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL¶
While normally all your associations are marked as lazy or extra lazy you will have cases where you are using DQL and don't want to fetch join a second, third or fourth level of entities into your result, because of the increased cost of the SQL JOIN. You can mark a many-to-one or one-to-one association as fetched temporarily to batch fetch these entities using a WHERE .. IN query.
$query = $em->createQuery("SELECT u FROM MyProject\User u");
$query->setFetchMode("MyProject\User", "address", \Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\FetchMode::EAGER);
Given that there are 10 users and corresponding addresses in the database the executed queries will look something like:
SELECT * FROM users;
SELECT * FROM address WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
Changing the fetch mode during a query mostly makes sense for one-to-one and many-to-one relations. In that case,
all the necessary IDs are available after the root entity (
user in the above example) has been loaded. So, one
query per association can be executed to fetch all the referred-to entities (
For one-to-many relations, changing the fetch mode to eager will cause to execute one query for every root entity
loaded. This gives no improvement over the
lazy fetch mode which will also initialize the associations on
a one-by-one basis once they are accessed.
The following context-free grammar, written in an EBNF variant, describes the Doctrine Query Language. You can consult this grammar whenever you are unsure about what is possible with DQL or what the correct syntax for a particular query should be.
14.8.1. Document syntax:¶
- non-terminals begin with an upper case character
- terminals begin with a lower case character
- parentheses (…) are used for grouping
- square brackets […] are used for defining an optional part, e.g. zero or one time
- curly brackets {…} are used for repetition, e.g. zero or more times
- double quotation marks "…" define a terminal string
- a vertical bar | represents an alternative
14.8.2. Terminals¶
- identifier (name, email, …) must match
- fully_qualified_name (DoctrineTestsModelsCMSCmsUser) matches PHP's fully qualified class names
- string ('foo', 'bar''s house', '%ninja%', …)
- char ('/', '', ' ', …)
- integer (-1, 0, 1, 34, …)
- float (-0.23, 0.007, 1.245342E+8, …)
- boolean (false, true)
14.8.3. Query Language¶
QueryLanguage ::= SelectStatement | UpdateStatement | DeleteStatement
14.8.4. Statements¶
SelectStatement ::= SelectClause FromClause [WhereClause] [GroupByClause] [HavingClause] [OrderByClause]
UpdateStatement ::= UpdateClause [WhereClause]
DeleteStatement ::= DeleteClause [WhereClause]
14.8.5. Identifiers¶
/* Alias Identification usage (the "u" of "u.name") */
IdentificationVariable ::= identifier
/* Alias Identification declaration (the "u" of "FROM User u") */
AliasIdentificationVariable :: = identifier
/* identifier that must be a class name (the "User" of "FROM User u"), possibly as a fully qualified class name or namespace-aliased */
AbstractSchemaName ::= fully_qualified_name | identifier
/* Alias ResultVariable declaration (the "total" of "COUNT(*) AS total") */
AliasResultVariable = identifier
/* ResultVariable identifier usage of mapped field aliases (the "total" of "COUNT(*) AS total") */
ResultVariable = identifier
/* identifier that must be a field (the "name" of "u.name") */
/* This is responsible to know if the field exists in Object, no matter if it's a relation or a simple field */
FieldIdentificationVariable ::= identifier
/* identifier that must be a collection-valued association field (to-many) (the "Phonenumbers" of "u.Phonenumbers") */
CollectionValuedAssociationField ::= FieldIdentificationVariable
/* identifier that must be a single-valued association field (to-one) (the "Group" of "u.Group") */
SingleValuedAssociationField ::= FieldIdentificationVariable
/* identifier that must be an embedded class state field */
EmbeddedClassStateField ::= FieldIdentificationVariable
/* identifier that must be a simple state field (name, email, ...) (the "name" of "u.name") */
/* The difference between this and FieldIdentificationVariable is only semantical, because it points to a single field (not mapping to a relation) */
SimpleStateField ::= FieldIdentificationVariable
14.8.6. Path Expressions¶
/* "u.Group" or "u.Phonenumbers" declarations */
JoinAssociationPathExpression ::= IdentificationVariable "." (CollectionValuedAssociationField | SingleValuedAssociationField)
/* "u.Group" or "u.Phonenumbers" usages */
AssociationPathExpression ::= CollectionValuedPathExpression | SingleValuedAssociationPathExpression
/* "u.name" or "u.Group" */
SingleValuedPathExpression ::= StateFieldPathExpression | SingleValuedAssociationPathExpression
/* "u.name" or "u.Group.name" */
StateFieldPathExpression ::= IdentificationVariable "." StateField
/* "u.Group" */
SingleValuedAssociationPathExpression ::= IdentificationVariable "." SingleValuedAssociationField
/* "u.Group.Permissions" */
CollectionValuedPathExpression ::= IdentificationVariable "." CollectionValuedAssociationField
/* "name" */
StateField ::= {EmbeddedClassStateField "."}* SimpleStateField
14.8.7. Clauses¶
SelectClause ::= "SELECT" ["DISTINCT"] SelectExpression {"," SelectExpression}*
SimpleSelectClause ::= "SELECT" ["DISTINCT"] SimpleSelectExpression
UpdateClause ::= "UPDATE" AbstractSchemaName ["AS"] AliasIdentificationVariable "SET" UpdateItem {"," UpdateItem}*
DeleteClause ::= "DELETE" ["FROM"] AbstractSchemaName ["AS"] AliasIdentificationVariable
FromClause ::= "FROM" IdentificationVariableDeclaration {"," IdentificationVariableDeclaration}*
SubselectFromClause ::= "FROM" SubselectIdentificationVariableDeclaration {"," SubselectIdentificationVariableDeclaration}*
WhereClause ::= "WHERE" ConditionalExpression
HavingClause ::= "HAVING" ConditionalExpression
GroupByClause ::= "GROUP" "BY" GroupByItem {"," GroupByItem}*
OrderByClause ::= "ORDER" "BY" OrderByItem {"," OrderByItem}*
Subselect ::= SimpleSelectClause SubselectFromClause [WhereClause] [GroupByClause] [HavingClause] [OrderByClause]
14.8.8. Items¶
UpdateItem ::= SingleValuedPathExpression "=" NewValue
OrderByItem ::= (SimpleArithmeticExpression | SingleValuedPathExpression | ScalarExpression | ResultVariable | FunctionDeclaration) ["ASC" | "DESC"]
GroupByItem ::= IdentificationVariable | ResultVariable | SingleValuedPathExpression
NewValue ::= SimpleArithmeticExpression | "NULL"
14.8.9. From, Join and Index by¶
IdentificationVariableDeclaration ::= RangeVariableDeclaration [IndexBy] {Join}*
SubselectIdentificationVariableDeclaration ::= IdentificationVariableDeclaration
RangeVariableDeclaration ::= AbstractSchemaName ["AS"] AliasIdentificationVariable
JoinAssociationDeclaration ::= JoinAssociationPathExpression ["AS"] AliasIdentificationVariable [IndexBy]
Join ::= ["LEFT" ["OUTER"] | "INNER"] "JOIN" (JoinAssociationDeclaration | RangeVariableDeclaration) ["WITH" ConditionalExpression]
IndexBy ::= "INDEX" "BY" StateFieldPathExpression
14.8.10. Select Expressions¶
SelectExpression ::= (IdentificationVariable | ScalarExpression | AggregateExpression | FunctionDeclaration | PartialObjectExpression | "(" Subselect ")" | CaseExpression | NewObjectExpression) [["AS"] ["HIDDEN"] AliasResultVariable]
SimpleSelectExpression ::= (StateFieldPathExpression | IdentificationVariable | FunctionDeclaration | AggregateExpression | "(" Subselect ")" | ScalarExpression) [["AS"] AliasResultVariable]
PartialObjectExpression ::= "PARTIAL" IdentificationVariable "." PartialFieldSet
PartialFieldSet ::= "{" SimpleStateField {"," SimpleStateField}* "}"
NewObjectExpression ::= "NEW" AbstractSchemaName "(" NewObjectArg {"," NewObjectArg}* ")"
NewObjectArg ::= ScalarExpression | "(" Subselect ")"
14.8.11. Conditional Expressions¶
ConditionalExpression ::= ConditionalTerm {"OR" ConditionalTerm}*
ConditionalTerm ::= ConditionalFactor {"AND" ConditionalFactor}*
ConditionalFactor ::= ["NOT"] ConditionalPrimary
ConditionalPrimary ::= SimpleConditionalExpression | "(" ConditionalExpression ")"
SimpleConditionalExpression ::= ComparisonExpression | BetweenExpression | LikeExpression |
InExpression | NullComparisonExpression | ExistsExpression |
EmptyCollectionComparisonExpression | CollectionMemberExpression |
14.8.12. Collection Expressions¶
EmptyCollectionComparisonExpression ::= CollectionValuedPathExpression "IS" ["NOT"] "EMPTY"
CollectionMemberExpression ::= EntityExpression ["NOT"] "MEMBER" ["OF"] CollectionValuedPathExpression
14.8.13. Literal Values¶
Literal ::= string | char | integer | float | boolean
InParameter ::= Literal | InputParameter
14.8.14. Input Parameter¶
InputParameter ::= PositionalParameter | NamedParameter
PositionalParameter ::= "?" integer
NamedParameter ::= ":" string
14.8.15. Arithmetic Expressions¶
ArithmeticExpression ::= SimpleArithmeticExpression | "(" Subselect ")"
SimpleArithmeticExpression ::= ArithmeticTerm {("+" | "-") ArithmeticTerm}*
ArithmeticTerm ::= ArithmeticFactor {("*" | "/") ArithmeticFactor}*
ArithmeticFactor ::= [("+" | "-")] ArithmeticPrimary
ArithmeticPrimary ::= SingleValuedPathExpression | Literal | "(" SimpleArithmeticExpression ")"
| FunctionsReturningNumerics | AggregateExpression | FunctionsReturningStrings
| FunctionsReturningDatetime | IdentificationVariable | ResultVariable
| InputParameter | CaseExpression
14.8.16. Scalar and Type Expressions¶
ScalarExpression ::= SimpleArithmeticExpression | StringPrimary | DateTimePrimary | StateFieldPathExpression | BooleanPrimary | CaseExpression | InstanceOfExpression
StringExpression ::= StringPrimary | ResultVariable | "(" Subselect ")"
StringPrimary ::= StateFieldPathExpression | string | InputParameter | FunctionsReturningStrings | AggregateExpression | CaseExpression
BooleanExpression ::= BooleanPrimary | "(" Subselect ")"
BooleanPrimary ::= StateFieldPathExpression | boolean | InputParameter
EntityExpression ::= SingleValuedAssociationPathExpression | SimpleEntityExpression
SimpleEntityExpression ::= IdentificationVariable | InputParameter
DatetimeExpression ::= DatetimePrimary | "(" Subselect ")"
DatetimePrimary ::= StateFieldPathExpression | InputParameter | FunctionsReturningDatetime | AggregateExpression
Parts of CASE expressions are not yet implemented.
14.8.17. Aggregate Expressions¶
AggregateExpression ::= ("AVG" | "MAX" | "MIN" | "SUM" | "COUNT") "(" ["DISTINCT"] SimpleArithmeticExpression ")"
14.8.18. Case Expressions¶
CaseExpression ::= GeneralCaseExpression | SimpleCaseExpression | CoalesceExpression | NullifExpression
GeneralCaseExpression ::= "CASE" WhenClause {WhenClause}* "ELSE" ScalarExpression "END"
WhenClause ::= "WHEN" ConditionalExpression "THEN" ScalarExpression
SimpleCaseExpression ::= "CASE" CaseOperand SimpleWhenClause {SimpleWhenClause}* "ELSE" ScalarExpression "END"
CaseOperand ::= StateFieldPathExpression | TypeDiscriminator
SimpleWhenClause ::= "WHEN" ScalarExpression "THEN" ScalarExpression
CoalesceExpression ::= "COALESCE" "(" ScalarExpression {"," ScalarExpression}* ")"
NullifExpression ::= "NULLIF" "(" ScalarExpression "," ScalarExpression ")"
14.8.19. Other Expressions¶
QuantifiedExpression ::= ("ALL" | "ANY" | "SOME") "(" Subselect ")"
BetweenExpression ::= ArithmeticExpression ["NOT"] "BETWEEN" ArithmeticExpression "AND" ArithmeticExpression
ComparisonExpression ::= ArithmeticExpression ComparisonOperator ( QuantifiedExpression | ArithmeticExpression )
InExpression ::= SingleValuedPathExpression ["NOT"] "IN" "(" (InParameter {"," InParameter}* | Subselect) ")"
InstanceOfExpression ::= IdentificationVariable ["NOT"] "INSTANCE" ["OF"] (InstanceOfParameter | "(" InstanceOfParameter {"," InstanceOfParameter}* ")")
InstanceOfParameter ::= AbstractSchemaName | InputParameter
LikeExpression ::= StringExpression ["NOT"] "LIKE" StringPrimary ["ESCAPE" char]
NullComparisonExpression ::= (InputParameter | NullIfExpression | CoalesceExpression | AggregateExpression | FunctionDeclaration | IdentificationVariable | SingleValuedPathExpression | ResultVariable) "IS" ["NOT"] "NULL"
ExistsExpression ::= ["NOT"] "EXISTS" "(" Subselect ")"
ComparisonOperator ::= "=" | "<" | "<=" | "<>" | ">" | ">=" | "!="
14.8.20. Functions¶
FunctionDeclaration ::= FunctionsReturningStrings | FunctionsReturningNumerics | FunctionsReturningDateTime
FunctionsReturningNumerics ::=
"LENGTH" "(" StringPrimary ")" |
"LOCATE" "(" StringPrimary "," StringPrimary ["," SimpleArithmeticExpression]")" |
"ABS" "(" SimpleArithmeticExpression ")" |
"SQRT" "(" SimpleArithmeticExpression ")" |
"MOD" "(" SimpleArithmeticExpression "," SimpleArithmeticExpression ")" |
"SIZE" "(" CollectionValuedPathExpression ")" |
"DATE_DIFF" "(" ArithmeticPrimary "," ArithmeticPrimary ")" |
"BIT_AND" "(" ArithmeticPrimary "," ArithmeticPrimary ")" |
"BIT_OR" "(" ArithmeticPrimary "," ArithmeticPrimary ")"
FunctionsReturningDateTime ::=
"DATE_ADD" "(" ArithmeticPrimary "," ArithmeticPrimary "," StringPrimary ")" |
"DATE_SUB" "(" ArithmeticPrimary "," ArithmeticPrimary "," StringPrimary ")"
FunctionsReturningStrings ::=
"CONCAT" "(" StringPrimary "," StringPrimary ")" |
"SUBSTRING" "(" StringPrimary "," SimpleArithmeticExpression "," SimpleArithmeticExpression ")" |
"TRIM" "(" [["LEADING" | "TRAILING" | "BOTH"] [char] "FROM"] StringPrimary ")" |
"LOWER" "(" StringPrimary ")" |
"UPPER" "(" StringPrimary ")" |
"IDENTITY" "(" SingleValuedAssociationPathExpression {"," string} ")"


text:
Former CS:GO Player for Team Kollide. Also playing games like LoL, R6S, H1Z1:KotK, Battlegrounds.
12 followers
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I like to $%^& people up in video games and share it with my friends:D It's a fetish. My Love, Lyida M. Frost <3
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Draven does it all with style !
Watch_Dogs & Rainbow Six Siege... (WD2 was just a failed experiment by UBI... IMO) Gamertag: DAD.VS.CAT (Uplay)
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subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Wells Fargo Advisors picked up a team managing $700 million in client assets from Morgan Stanley.
The seven-member team last week joined Wells Fargo in Deerfield, Ill., a suburb of Chicago. They report to branch manager Heather Crist.
The team, known as the Northshore Group, consists of advisors Pat Callaghan, Alan Fishman, Bernard Neuman, Jonathan Neuman, Tom Puccinelli, Stan Slovin and Lisa Su. Also moving with the team are senior registered client associates Irene Kapusciarz and Melissa Vald.
In a statement, Samson said that the group joined the firm because of Wells Fargo's investment offerings and the support that management could provide.
Rob Samson, a managing director and market manager at Wells Fargo, says it's the second largest team that the firm has recruited in that office. Eight years ago, a $2 billion team joined the firm, according to Samson.
Samson says that client response was overwhelming positive, with many clients coming into the office over the weekend to sign papers and see their advisors in their new offices.
"I've never seen that before and I've done 65 of these [onboarding new recruits]," he says.
The group consists mostly of longtime Morgan Stanley advisors.
Bernard Neuman is the veteran of the group, having started his career in 1969 with Freehling & Co., according to FINRA records. Neuman moved to Morgan Stanley in 1999. His son Jonathan joined him at the wirehouse in 2001. Fishman also started his career at the wirehouse the same year.
Callaghan started his career with Morgan in 1998, according to FINRA records. Su had been at the wirehouse since 2004.
Slovin began his career with Harold Pastron in 1987. He actually worked at Morgan twice, from 1999 to 2003 and again from 2008 until last week. In between, he was a financial advisor at UBS. Puccinelli was the last member to join Morgan, in 2008.
Wells Fargo recently reported that profits at its wealth, brokerage and retirement unit grew 5% year-over-year, rising to $514 million for the fourth quarter of 2014. The unit's total client assets rose 4%, increasing to $1.6 trillion.
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text:
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Paris Opéra is on strike… again
No Aida tonight. All tickets refunded. There is going to be a huge budget hole this season.
Opera replaces car-smash leader
Kentucky Opera has named Dallas Opera artistic administrator Ian Derrer to be its next general director. He succeeds David Roth (below) who died a year ago when he suffered a heart attack while driving.
Opera chief leads Brexit way to new passport
It is reported that Nicolas Mansfield, director of Netherlands Touring Opera, has applied for a Dutch passport in the wake of the UK's decision to leave the EU. It wll mean giving up his UK citizenship as the Dutch don't permit dual nationality. Many other Brits in the arts will follow suit. We hear of […]
Dude is selling his house
You'll never buy a nicer hacienda. Gustav Dudamel has put his Los Angeles house on the market, only 18 months after he moved in. Since then, however, he got divorced. The asking price is $3.3 million. More pics here.
Israel Phil player is suspended on sex charge
It has been reported this morning on Galei Zahal radio that a musician in the Israel Philharmonic has been suspended for sexual harassment of female colleagues. No further details have been given. A female contact tells us that the charge has substance. The man is considered innocent until proved guilty. Sexual harassment in the workplace […]
Cleveland principal viola hands seat to his student
Wesley Collins has been named principal viola of the Cleveland Orchestra from September. He succeeds his Cleveland Institute of Music teacher Robert Vernon, who is retiring after 40 years, the longest tenure of any string principal in the Orchestra's history. Wesley has been playing in the Boston Symphony for the past four years.
The worst ever US classical sales chart
We've just seen the Nielsen Soundscan sales ratings for last week and can pronounce, in full confidence, that fewer classical records were sold than at any time since records were kept. For the first time, no release sold as many as 100 copies in the entire USA – that's CD sales and downloads combined. Of […]
Death of H-number musicologist
Radio France has announced the death of Harry Halbreich, the world authority on Olivier Messiaen and an indefatigable cataloguer of other composers. The works of Honegger and Martinu are listed in H numbers. Berlin born, based in Belgium, he wrote at least a dozen composer biographies. Harry was 85.
Trombonist has his face rebuilt
Message from the Chamber Orchestra of Europe: All of COE's thoughts are with Håkan Björkman (principal trombone) who is undergoing surgery today to rebuild his face after a cycling accident last week. Get well soon Håkan!
La Scala orch to make Bolshoi debut (instead of BBC Proms)
Riccardo Chailly is taking the Filarmonica della Scala on a 10-stop Europe tour, including a first visit to Moscow. A date will have been offered to the BBC Proms, which evidently declined. Who needs La Scala at the Proms? press release: Riccardo Chailly and Filarmonica della Scala will return to Europe for a 10-concert, August […]


text:
Is Escuela De Troqueleria Y Herramentaje a Good Fit?
We compare your accomplishments and preferences to what Escuela De Troqueleria Y Herramentaje has to offer to get a general idea how well you match up with this school.
Keep an Open Mind
A low fit score doesn't necessarily mean this college isn't worth looking into. Think of it as a general guide.
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text:
GEC is a non-profit organization. Learn more
The Graham Equestrian Center is a non-profit educational facility established to introduce people of all ages, backgrounds and abilities to the joys of working with horses. Our horse riding and educational programs are designed to nurture mutual respect and understanding between people and horses.
Our mission is to connect people with horses.
The GEC programs are based on establishing a solid relationship of mutual trust and respect between horses and people. This is achieved by developing clear communication and understanding between the horse and rider. Students at GEC are taught the principles of horsemanship in the classroom and through hands-on experience. Working with horses builds confidence and leadership skills that can also enrich our personal and professional lives.
How can you help?
As a non-profit organization, we often rely on the generous, tax deductible donations of others for needed funding and materials. All donations are tax deductible and will be given written documentation for your records.
Many items we often are in need of are:
- Medical supplies (saline, gauze, surgical scrub)
- Riding Helmets
- Riding crops
- Horse jumps
- Tack and equipment (bridles, saddles, leathers..etc)
- Fence boards
- Hoses
Larger items that would be greatly appreciated are:
- Power tools (sawz-all, air compressors, air tools, nail gun)
- ATV/Gator, 4WD in good operating condition
- Landscaping equipment for tree work and ground clearing
- Materials such as millings, stone dust, pea gravel and related services
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Robert H. Schuller Quotes About ChristianityQuotes about: Christianity
The core of original sin, then is LOT - Lack of Trust. Or, it could be considered an innate inability to adequately value ourselves. Label it a 'negative self-image,' but do not say that the central core of the human soul is wickedness. ... positive Christianity does not hold to human depravity, but to human inability.
...the kingdom of God is that invisible collection of committed Christians that transcends cultures, ideologies... and creeds- all bound by the golden commitment to say nothing and do nothing that would attack the self-esteem, the self-respect, and the dignity of any other human being, whether or not they are committed members of the kingdom of God. The dignity of the person then is the irreducible cell of true Christianity.
Robert H. Schuller
- Born: September 16, 1926
- Died: April 2, 2015
- Occupation: Televangelist
- Cite this Page: Citation


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Taos, NM & The Enchanted Circle: Top Destination in U.S. for Fall Leaf Peepers
The foliage along the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway loop near Taos, New Mexico is just weeks away from transitioning to a brilliant fall display of oranges, reds, and yellows, making it one of the most visually stunning drives in the United States. In fact, national media outlets including Travel and Leisure and Forbes Magazine have called Taos and the Enchanted Circle one of the country's top destinations to enjoy fall foliage.
In late September and early October, the 85-mile Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway is ablaze with shades of gold, orange and red thanks to the changing leaves of cottonwoods, aspens, and other tree varieties.
The Byway loop begins in the original art colony of Taos, NM and meanders through the Hondo Valley, rich with history – famous author D.H. Lawrence once lived here. Leaf peepers will notice New Mexico's highest mountain, Wheeler Peak (13,167 feet) in the background along the windy road to Questa, NM and onto Red River. Elk and other wildlife may be visible in between Bob Cat Pass and Eagle Nest, NM. Finally, drivers will continue to Angel Fire, NM – home of Vietnam Veteran Memorial State Park and Angel Fire Ski Resort. Angel Fire also offers the State's first and only zipline tours. Depending on stops, the drive can take anywhere from two-and-a-half hours to a half-day.
Though just a short drive off the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway, Taos Ski Valley (TSV) is breathtaking in fall and is covered with Aspens, Englemann and Blue Spruce, White Fir and rarely seen Red Fire and Bristlecone Pines. Wildlife including Bighorn Sheep, Rocky Mountain Elk and Mule Deer can often be spotted in the area along with thousands of wildflower varieties. TSV has several hiking/biking trails ranging from two to eight miles in length. Visit skitaos.org for details.
With the dramatic scenery comes several spectacular fall events in Taos Ski Valley and Taos, including those of Taos Grand Fall Arts (Aug. 30–Oct. 27), the Enchanted Circle Festival (Aug. 30–Sept.3), Michael Hearne's Big Barn Dance Music Festival (Sept. 5–7), Oktoberfest (Sept.14), and more.
Taos, New Mexico's annual Grand Fall Arts features many colorful events and workshops, one of which is the High Road Art Tour on the weekends of Sept. 21 and 22; and Sept. 28 and 29. Take the beautiful drive between Santa Fe and Taos along the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, where artists will open their studios for the public to see and purchase one-a-kind items. Visit highroadnewmexico.com or call 888-866-3643 for details.
On Sept. 28, as part of Grand Fall Arts, art lovers can watch the entire artistic process unfold at the Taos Center for the Arts (TCA) Quick Draw and Art Auction. The Quick Draw takes place at various locations in Taos' historic district and TCA Courtyard, and the art will be available for purchase by bid later that day. Visit tcataos.org or call 575-758-2052 for details. For a complete list of all Grand Fall Arts events and workshops, visit taos.org/fall2013.
Only 18 miles north of Taos along the eye-catching Enchanted Circle, TSV is hosting their third annual "Enchanted Circle Festival" from Aug. 30 through Sept. 3 featuring several bands, art, and more. Visit enchantedcirclefestival.com for details.
On Sept. 5 through 7, world class musician Michael Hearne will bring his 11th annual Big Barn Dance Music Festival to TSV for the first time. The three-day musical extravaganza includes a well known lineup of more than three dozen traditional country, Americana and folk music bands playing in the cool alpine mountain setting of the resort. Doors open at 1 p.m. on Sept. 5. Ticket prices range from $25 to $100 each. Visit michaelhearne.com/bigbarndance/ to purchase tickets.
Being that TSV was originally settled by Swiss German pioneers over 50 years ago, it's a fitting venue for celebrating Oktoberfest, Sept. 14 from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. Oktoberfest is a family friendly event complete with Oompah Band music; bouncy castle, face painting and popcorn for kids; Bavarian food and beer garden; and Taos artisan crafts fair. The festival is free. Visit taosskivalley.com/calendar for details.
When lodging in TSV, Alpine Village Suites is one of several hotels within walking distance of the many fall events in the village. Alpine Village Suites is located just steps from the ski lifts, restaurants and nightlife. Each of its 31 rooms is decorated in a Bavarian ski chalet style with fully-equipped kitchenettes, and offers elegant accommodations with luxury amenities.
Guests of Alpine Village Suites have complimentary use of mountain bikes for touring around the mountains, fishing rods for fishing in cool mountain streams, and disc golf. After a day of exploring the mountains, brilliant with fall colors, guests can unwind and relax in the large outdoor hot tub or the indoor sauna. A complete array of massage and body treatments are available onsite as well.
Call Alpine Village Suites at 800-576-2666 for more information or visit alpine-suites.com.
For more information on Taos, TSV or to download a free driving tour map of the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway, visit taos.org/ or taos.org/tours-itineraries?/ and click on "Enchanted Circle."


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Capturing San Francisco
Remembering the centennial of San Francisco's earthquake and fire of 1906 and the work of an amazing photographer, George Lawrence, was the focus of the 2006 reshoot of San Francisco, one hundred years later. Two talented groups of photographers took up the challenge.
These attempts can be revisited in the Drachen publication, "Capturing San Francisco, as we detail the life of George Lawrence and the 2006 kite aerial photography attempts of Scott Haefner, San Francisco, Ron Klein and Henry Jebe, Juneau, Alaska.
Digitally produced, hand bound / Color and black/white, 16 pages /$15.00 per copy / Limited edition of 100 books


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The Writer is responsible for all aspects of writing for WGN News Broadcasts.
Writing stories and teases; writing for on-air and on-line; working with reporters and photographers in the field; desk-top video editing; reviewing feed tapes; posting text and video to the internet; and gathering information on late stories. In addition to writing to the video and graphics available, the Writer will contribute creative ideas for broadcasts and websites.
- Applicants must have at least 3 years of experience as a writer or producer of television news broadcasts. - They must have a college degree in Journalism or Mass Communications, or significant related experience. - Applicants must demonstrate a facility with language and a writing style that is designed to be off-the-cuff and fun, yet authoritative and credible. -Strong writing, video, news judgment, and internet skills are essential. -Applicants must possess the ability to work well under pressure, work well with others, and be available to work flexible hours including extremely early mornings and weekends.
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My team and I got assigned to work on quite an interesting app. It is an app that helps you learn new languages. It's called
and you can get it on the
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I'm quite happy to have used Expo for the development. It lets you set things up faster, it has quite good documentation and makes testing new code very easy. Expo Development Environment (XDE), let's you deploy your code on their servers. Behind the scenes, they basically upload a minified copy of your app to their CDN and give you a shareable url of the form e.g. . You can share this link immediately with anybody who has the Expo Client app. Easy pz alpha testing can be carried out.
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The learning language app we developed allows users to choose from various stories, either recommended or by categories. The whole schema sits in graph.cool which you can access through a single endpoint using either their SimpleAPI or RelayAPI.
The main graph.cool promise is to provide developers with production-ready GraphQL backend within 5 minutes including realtime subscriptions, user management, service integrations and more.
Well… Yes, that's true! It's incredible how fast you can get up and running with graph.cool compared to setting everything up by yourself.
There are a lot of features they are offering. Some I found very handy:
Graph.cool is the new kid on the block, albeit still young. I found very exciting things working with the platform but also stumbled upon some things which I would have already liked to be implemented.
Caveats at the time of writing:
The service is still improving and I know as a fact that the guys at graph.cool are working their butts off to address many requests from the community.
To explain this further, I basically missed the possibility to write Custom Resolvers and also have Computed Methods like I used writing an apollo server by myself. Also, although using their UI is really a good experience, sometimes I wanted to do stuff in an editor to have more control.
The good news is that all of them are on the roadmap and when ready, will make graph.cool the BaaS to go for graphQL related projects.
Can you use them until then? Of course you can. They're production ready. Indeed their infrastructure is blazing fast. The team is awesome which is a critical thing for any SaaS out there.
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NEW PROVIDENCE, NJ - At Monday night's Borough Council meeting, Councilman Rob Munoz introduced two resolutions approving about $55,000 for already completed work for the Shared Dispatch Center, which will be located in the Municipal Center.
June 12, 2014 at 11:58 AM
June 12, 2014 at 11:58 AM
A search for the center's new director has been narrowed down from an initial applicant list of 40 to three finalists who will receive final interviews on June 26, Borough Administrator Doug Marvin said. Interviews will be conducted by the police chiefs of Summit, Millburn and New Providence.
In other municipal business, the borough's website made its debut in July 2010, and over the last three years has averaged almost 251,000 visitors. According to Google Analytics, visitors come from over 3,500 different locations including a large number from California, the South and even overseas.
In addition to discussing the Shared Dispatch Center, Munoz said he attended the recent Sharing Network 5K Race as one of 8,000 participants. "It was a fantastic turn-out," he said, but was vague on how he finished.
Councilman Dr. Bob Robinson introduced a resolution authorizing payment of a property tax settlement with Mack-Call Realty Corp over property located at 890 Mountain Ave. The settlement amounts to $110,000 with Union County obligated for $21,000 of the refund.
About three weeks ago, a large group of neighbors approached council members with complaints about noise, drinking and traffic problems at the Corso Community Center. Robinson said there will be a meeting with neighbors on June 26 at 7 p.m. at the Corso Center to discuss the situation.
Councilman Armand Galluccio praised members of the Volunteer Fire Department for their efforts in a trench rescue practice effort. He said the department conducts an annual exercise responding to a construction mishap or cave-in.
You May Also Be Interested In
Sat, August 18, 12:00 am New Providence Barre Intensity


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In this post you will find how to create a wordpress blog and how to use it. Creating a blog is one of the most useful skills to have and nowadays it doesn't require any coding skills or learning any advanced skills. With a blog you can brand yourself or just get your thoughts out there. But it also may become a new monthly source of income. For more on how to make money with this checkout our other post on niche blogs that is a little more advanced and not for beginners:
Lets start to create a wordpress blog with a domain.
- Domain & Hosting
First you need to buy domain and hosting for your website.
Domain is the name of you website that the users will access by putting it in the navigation bar , for example our websites domain is : www.thegeektips.com
Most hosting company's charge you around 10 – 15 $ a year for domain and 5 – 10 $ a month but we can help you with that too.
BLUEHOST has a offer for 3.99 $ a month you can get hosting + free domain by registering with the link below. — CLICK HERE FOR THIS OFFER —
And the best part is you dont need to configure anything. Everything is setup by them all you need to do next is create your site with their installer.
2. Installing WordPress
In most cases the hardest part is installing the wordpress script where you have to download the script, upload it, create databases etc. But installing is easy on blue host just login to your cPanel and follow the video below (everything is done from their automated tools) :
3. How to use wordpress
In the video below you will learn everything you need on how to use wordpress.
After all of these steps are done check out our seo posts to start getting people on your page from search engines like google and bing etc


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News & Events
23/01/2018 - Ready for the great opportunities of the Chinese market.
We have just deployed our last Dicecell in Beijing, China >>>
18/01/2018 - ZTE Partner Meeting
Calzavara gets for its results the highest recognition by ZTE >>>
28/06/2017 - The dicecell at MWCS2017
The dicecell is going to be presented at the coming MWC2017 in Shanghai >>>
09/03/2017 - Photos from the Mobile World Congress 2017 event
Some photos and news about dicecell, presented at MWC17, Barcelona >>>
27/02/2017 - Join us at MWC17 to learn about our vision of the future.
Contact our sales representative to arrange a tour and to discover our new telecommunication structures >>>
28/11/2016 - The concealment of Calzavara lands in China
Internationalization: the concealment of Calzavara lands in China >>>
17/11/2016 - Appointment at MWC 2017 Barcelona
Urban design, as a need and as an opportunity - we will present a new product for urban territories >>>
19/09/2016 - From Expo Milan to Riyad: our design structures installed worldwide
We are expanding our market to Chile, Peru and in the Middle East, where the made in Italy is always appreciated >>>
26/08/2016 - Calzavara: where towers meet Italian design
A long tradition of design and innovation now serving the global tower industry >>>


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Providing Services From The Heart
The Gurney Resort Hotel & Residences in Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia stands out among the hotels in the locale. This 4-star resort is known for its matchless elegance, top-notch facilities, and genuine service.
Feel at ease in well-appointed suites filled with essential amenities. Each room features Wi-Fi Internet access, cable TV, and a private bath with Jacuzzi. Make use of spacious, well-lit conference halls for important events and business conventions. Holidaymakers can likewise spend a relaxing afternoon at the restaurant, pool, and spa.
The hotel sits along the tourist belt of Gurney Drive, next to the Central Business District. It is a few kilometers away from Penang International airport and the ferry terminal. Guests can also enjoy access to shopping centres and several renowned attractions in Penang.


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Pratham Books is a not for profit, multi-lingual publisher of books for children. Our mission is to put a book in every child's hands. Our books are translated into several Indian languages. We believe that every child should have access to lovely books that are a treat to their eyes and their minds.
Experience: Min. 3 Yrs.
Location : One Position- Pune or Mumbai
Job Purpose:
To deliver all sales & marketing related initiatives for multiple states in your region
Key Responsibilities :
• Research and explore channel sales partnerships with Schools, Institutions, Distributor's etc.; develop sales initiatives; assign and deliver sales targets for each account.
• Actively present and sell front list and backlist titles to key accounts
• Prepare sales quotations, necessary follow-up and close sales, collect orders from customers and work with Sales Head , Customer Service and Credit Control to ensure that customer orders, returns and credit notes are processed promptly and accurately.
• Devise sales plans and make sales kits to promote key titles, best-seller lists, subject specific lists
• Identify key supplementary reading/library market in Urban Schools
• Coordinate for any pilot projects in the state for the purpose of sales or research
• Work with the State Education bodies to identify sales opportunities under various government run educational enhancement programs
• Maintain and update customer profile sheets/ history and follow up on credit sales for the region
• Every other sales and marketing initiative to realize revenue objectives
• Establishing client relationship with the Principals and Coordinators of schools in order to promote the reading programs amongst children.
• Catering to complaints/grievances of Schools, Distributors or Institutions
Key Competencies:
Interpersonal Skills:
• Candidate must have a customer and sales focus
• Excellent interpersonal and communications skills
• Ability to work well on own initiative, be innovative and entrepreneurial
• Excellent problem solving skills
• Highly organized
General Knowledge and Technical Skills:
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills
• PC literate, particularly all MS Office packages
Required Education and Experience:
• Applicants must demonstrate entrepreneurship and innovation as this position entails
ownership and accountability in delivering revenue targets
• Applicants must demonstrate strategic planning, financial analysis abilities.
• Graduate degree preferably with marketing / sales management and 3-5 years experience is
• Candidates should be open to travel across the state for business purposes
Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and experience. Please send your resume to info(at)prathambooks(dot)org with 'Multi State Coordinator' in the subject line of the email.
Experience: 2-4 years, relevant experience in advertising / media
Location : One Position- Full time -Bangalore
Job Purpose:
Pratham Books is looking for a young dynamic advertising / communications professional. You love to find simple solutions to complicated marketing problems. You glow with pride when you talk about the brands you have helped build and shape. You get excited when you create an interesting emailer.
You've been working in the communications field for about 2-4 years now but somewhere deep inside you are wondering whether there is more to your profession than the next new brand of tea or the newest shirt brand. You hope to use your skills to build a brand that impacts not just lifestyles but lives of India's children. If yes, then Pratham Books is looking for you in the avatar of Assistant Brand Manager.
Oh and did we say that if you do join us you will be working with one of India's largest children's book publisher,with an aim to see, "A book in every child's hand". So, if you are game to take up the challenge of making Pratham Books reach out to millions of little children, email your resume
to email@example.com with 'Assistant Brand Manager' in the subject line of the email.
Visit us at www.prathambooks.org
Key Responsibilities:
• To develop and present our brand/s memorably, to help them stand out in a competitive marketplace.
• To communicate with multiple stakeholders - authors, illustrators, publishers, children, parents, schools, governments .
• To effectively explore new media like the internet / blogging / e-marketing etc to achieve the brands' goals.
• To develop CRM programs and database management. Prior experience in this will be an added advantage.
• Plan and execute research projects.
Key Competencies:
• A degree in Business/Marketing
• 2-4 years experience in advertising / media relations
• Good communication, presentation and inter-personal skills
• A self-starter, independent, team player who is motivated by the cause
• Knowledge of design softwares a plus
• Knowledge of Kannada a plus


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Ryan Phillippe Lands at LAX With the Kids
Ryan Phillippe and his two kids, Ava and Deacon, land at LAX Airport on Wednesday (December 21) in Los Angeles.
The 37-year-old actor can next be seen in the dramedy Straight A's with Anna Paquin and Luke Wilson.
The flick centers around a former addict who hits the road to Shreveport with pills and marijuana after feeling pressured by his deceased mother's ghost to return home to the family he abandoned.
Late last month, Ava and Deacon visited Disneyland with mom Reese Witherspoon and her husband Jim Toth.


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General and Cosmetic Dentistry
Cattafesta Dentistry specializes in both general and cosmetic dentistry. For procedures needed for either service, Dr. Cattafesta offers it!
For cosmetic dentistry services in Dulles, VA, Dr. Cattafesta offers:
Periodontal Dental Services
Preventative care on your gums is essential when it comes to having oral hygiene and a healthy mouth! Dr. Cattafesta has a periodontal specialist on site. Periodontal services include:
For any and all periodontal treatments needed in Dulles, VA, Cattafesta Dentistry offers it. Don't delay an appointment any longer if you're suffering from bleeding gums, or other symptoms associated with gum disease.
Restorative Dental Services
Teeth are known to withstand some of the most damage over time, that's why it's imperative to take care of them twice a day and professionally twice a year! Whether the teeth are fractured or contain cavities, the office of Dr. Cattafesta near Dulles, VA can restore your mouth to a healthy state.
The restorative procedures we offer are:
- Dental sealants
- Dentures
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- Tooth fillings
- Bonded restorations
- Inlays and onlays
- Cosmetic crowns and bridges
- Full mouth reconstruction
- Veneers
Preventative Dental Care
In order to keep your mouth a healthy one, you need to include regular dental visits in your routine as well as good at-home dental habits. For information regarding preventative dentistry in Dulles, VA, call the office of Dr. Cattafesta Family Dentistry.
The following is a list of preventative procedures that Dr. Cattafesta provides:
- DIAGNOdent
- OraVerse
- Velscope (Oral cancer screening)
- NTI, Hard & Soft Nightguard
- Treatment for sleep apnea and snoring
Dr. Cattafesta's office is experienced in providing Invisalign to correct spaces, crowding and bite problems.
Your Trusted Dulles, VA Dentist
For patients near and around the Dulles, VA area, call Dr. Cattafesta Family Dentistry today at 703-620-4050 to schedule your appointment.


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Matthew Williamson 159 C2 Round Sunglasses
Matthew Williamson 159 C2 Round Sunglasses
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- Disharmonic Feet… a Postural Evaluation
- Warm up before Radical Energy Circuit Training
- How to Armour Plate Your Lower Back for Athletic Performance
- Paul Gagné helps Dufour-Lapointe Sisters to Gold Medal Strength
- How Paul Gagné uses the OptoJump for Optimal Athletic Performance
- A Super Easy and Effective Upper Body Warm Up You Don't Know
- The "Real" Immortals Workout
How Paul Gagné uses the OptoJump for Optimal Athletic Performance
Canadian strength coach, Paul Gagné is always on the cutting edge of athletic performance. For example, his work in posture has helped many of the world's best professional golfers, and his understanding of energy system training has made him one of the most sought-after coaches for pro hockey players. So when Gagné heard about the OptoJump®, it was only natural that he flew to New York to try out the system and brought it back with him to Canada. In this exclusive interview, Gagné talks about the practical applications of his work with the OptoJump to improve the performance of his elite athletes.
BFS: What attracted you to the OptoJump?
Gagné: Because I'm a posturologist, it's important for me to determine what occurs after a postural reprogramming, such as with eye exercises or the use of postural insoles or several weeks of corrective exercises. For any of this, I require objective data. Also, I work with hockey players, and these athletes are at a high risk of concussions. The OptoJump helps us determine when a previously concussed athlete's central nervous system has returned to baseline levels.
BFS: Before you started using the OptoJump what were you doing to determine if a concussed athlete was ready to return to play?
Gagné: We had no measurable baseline at all. We had to go by how the athlete felt, which was risky. After all, you don't want an athlete who is still suffering the effects of a concussion to return to play because this would present an especially high risk of further brain damage.
BFS: You've started working with figure skaters. How are you using the OptoJump with these athletes?
Gagné: The OptoJump helps me measure balance and determine the strength and power of each leg. We have six testing protocols we use with skaters, one being the drift protocol. The OptoJump also instills confidence in athletes, because they can see proof that they are performing better on these physical qualities essential for their sport. Having this data to present to the sport coaches reinforces the value of our program and helps us determine which aspects of conditioning we need to address with each athlete.
BFS: Because the fields of strength coaching and personal training are saturated markets, do you think that having the objective data from the OptoJump gives you a marketing advantage?
Gagné: Absolutely! Many of my professional hockey players are referred to me through sports agents who have a lot invested in these athletes; and when these agents recommend a strength coach, everyone expect results. Being able to present objective OptoJump data to the sport coaches gives me an edge over other strength coaches because I can show that my methods work. Further, I can show that we are helping the players improve specific physical qualities that are necessary to perform at the highest levels on the ice.
BFS: Skaters practice and compete in skating boots. Is there an issue with testing an athlete in bare feet?
Gagné: No. We've found that if a hockey player improves their performance score with bare feet, their performance in a skating boot will also improve. I should also note that in hockey we are seeing a trend towards soft boots to make the foot more efficient.
BFS: As you are a posturologist, does the OptoJump provide feedback for a static postural assessment?
Gagné: Yes. But it's important to understand that even in a static postural assessment, the body is always shifting positions to stabilize itself in a standing position. It is difficult to see these shifts with the human eye, but you can see the results with the OptoJump.
BFS: Could the OptoJump help determine if orthotics are doing their job?
Gagné: We haven't used it for this purpose, but we could. A gait analysis could be done on a treadmill, with and without orthotics, to determine the effects of orthotics. I have the privilege of working with Dr. Michel Joubert, a podiatrist who designs all the orthotics for my athletes. He is extremely interested in seeing how the features of the OptoJump could apply to his work.
BFS: You've been doing a lot of experimentation with compressive gear. Does the OptoJump help determine the effectiveness of this type of product?
Gagné: We use compressive gear because it gives feedback to the body via receptors in the skin. Compressive gear increases feedback and thus body awareness, or proprioception. With the OptoJump, I can precisely measure this proprioception.
BFS: Let's say you're working with a new athlete in the off-season. How might you use the OptoJump during this period?
Gagné: It depends upon the length of time I have to work with that athlete. If a hockey player goes to the Stanley Cup finals, I may have only six weeks to train them. With a shorter time period, I have to focus on getting the athlete in balance. If I have more time to work with an athlete, then I can focus more on other aspects of conditioning, such as power. But to more specifically answer your question, the first thing I do with an athlete is a static postural assessment followed by dynamic assessments, which could include testing with the OptoJump. One area I have to address, especially in a sport such as hockey, is how injuries are affecting performance, especially balance. No matter how strong or fast an athlete is, if their balance is affected by an injury, this will impair their performance. Some players who are exceptionally strong and do well in the NHL combines never go on to play in the league because they have poor balance and as such cannot effectively apply those physical qualities to the ice. To see what I mean, say I'm talking to you and someone else is talking to you at the same time – you might understand only 50 percent of what I tell you. If an athlete is not in balance, they cannot focus 100 percent on the skills of their sport and therefore cannot achieve optimal performance. That's why assessing balance is so important.
Article provided courtesy of http://biggerfasterstronger.com


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Ira Kimes
b. 30 Apr 1871 d. 28 Jun 1946
Odessa Jane (Stroup)
Kimes b. 23 Apr 1876 d. 18 Jan 1959
She was a daughter of Eli and Lucinda (Weaver) Stroup
Contributed on 2/13/09 by rjhow
Email This Contributor
Record #: 86063
On this site you can upload gravestone photos, locate ancestors and perform genealogy research. If you have a relative buried in Ohio, we encourage you to upload a digital image using our Submit a Photo page. Contributing to this genealogy archive helps family historians and genealogy researchers locate their relatives and complete their family tree.
Submitted: 2/13/09 • Approved: 2/13/09 • Last Updated: 8/13/15 • R86063-G86063-S3


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Digital Media briefs
Purdue launched RxSafetyMatters, a "new online resource…to help healthcare professionals, law enforcement and community organizations combat the illegal diversion and abuse of prescription medications." Purdue, whose products include abuse-prone opiates, hosts SafeguardMyMeds.org, for safe storage and disposal of prescription meds.
Augme Technologies, a mobile marketing technology shop with a substantial healthcare business, acquired Hipcricket, a mobile marketing ad agency based in the Seattle suburbs, for $44.5 million—$6 million of that in cash, the rest in stock. The combined company will have business with ten of the top 20 pharmaceutical companies along with six top media firms and four top agencies. Augme will take on Hipcricket's staff, the shop said, who will continue to handle their old accounts.
A breast cancer survivor and digital agency founder, Maliet Lopez, launched IHadCancer.com, a social networking site meant to connect cancer survivors, their friends and family. Lopez was a partner at Squeaky Wheel Media when she was diagnosed with breast cancer. She launched the site to help others combat the feeling of isolation she felt during treatment of the disease.


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The High Line's planting design is inspired by the self-seeded landscape that grew up between rail tracks after the trains stopped running in the 1980s. Today, the High Line includes more than 300 species of perennials, grasses, shrubs, and trees — each chosen for their hardiness, adaptability, diversity, and seasonal variation in color and texture. Some of the species that originally grew on the High Line's rail bed are reflected in the park landscape today.
This week we share with you one of our gardeners' current favorites.
Every day new visitors come to the High Line to experience the wonder of the park, and we welcome our latest first-timer—Purple passionflower, Passiflora incarnata—with open arms. This beautiful vine, native to various parts of the United States, blooms for its first season on the High Line this summer. The plant can grow to be 25 feet long, sprouting unique fringe-like lavender flowers with prominent yellow pistils and stamens, which eventually give way to an orange-yellow berry.
While one may think the flower's lovely shape gives it the name "passion," the moniker actually refers to the Christian crucifixion story, or Passion. The various parts of the flower are said to represent various characters in the story—the ten pale petals as Jesus's disciples (not including Peter and Judas), the five stamens as Jesus' five wounds, the stigmas as the nails that hung Jesus to the crucifix, and the purple fringe as the crown of thorns.
The plant, particularly common in the South, is also known by the name "maypop" after the sound that the hollow fruits make when crushed. These edible, juicy fruits—a source of food for many butterfly species—were also popular among colonial settlers and Native Americans, as originally reported by Captain John Smith in 1612. In addition, the shoots and greens of the vine were eaten, while natives used the roots in infusions to treat inflammation, boils, and liver problems and as ear drops to treat infections. Although the High Line's vines are purely for visual enjoyment, the history behind this delightful vine makes it all the more interesting.
Purple passionflower can be found on the High Line on the vegetal screen at 18th Street.