text:
Register now to gain access to all of our features. Once registered and logged in, you will be able to contribute to this site by submitting your own content or replying to existing content. You'll be able to customize your profile, receive reputation points as a reward for submitting content, while also communicating with other members via your own private inbox, plus much more! This message will be removed once you have signed in.
Only help if you can be helpfulHey All, A topic has come up of late in the IRC channel in regards to the general feel of the forums and the community that supports them. Things have progressed further than I would have liked with out this being addressed more publicly because I would much rather have snubbed this out sooner rather than later.. but I have been busy. Here is the general rule I would like people to follow: Wheaton's Law "Don't be a dick." Those of you from the IRC channel know that this is the only rule I ask people in there to follow and we generally have a good and lively time chatting about all manner of things. This is basic rule that just about everyone understands and I am going to expand it to the forums from here moving forward. If you can not help people in a helpful and polite manner then I simply ask you to stop. Now I generally take a back seat to moderating the forums as I like to participate in the suggestions forum fairly heavily at times and would rather do so as a forums user than a moderator. But I am also fairly well known for being the person who constantly puts their foot down and so I am stepping up and doing so on here. If you find yourself unable to respond to a message politely then I ask that you do not respond. This mostly focuses on the increasing level of hostility found within the Suggestion forum as well as the Server forum. I do not care if this is the 30th some odd time you have seen someone make the same suggestion. Or even if the new post on an older topic is one entry above the old one. I expect the members of this forum to respond politely to the user, new or old, and point to the older topic if it applies and even go the extra step to suggest they either add in new information or to summarize the outcome of the previous discussion based upon the new post's entry into it. That is what we are here for, that is why I close most topics instead of deleting them, so that they can be found and referenced down the road. The next topic is the slew of derailment attempts I have seen as of late. If you want to have fun and joke around that is what the off topic forum is for and pretty much anything goes there. I do not expect to read a suggestion thread and have to go through 3 pages of image memes people have shot back and forth. Quite simply this is a waste of my time to read and then have to clean up. Now for the summary. I am going to start taking a more active role, especially in policing the suggestion forum, and handing out warn levels to people whom I see doing this. These will be indiscriminate and applied not to just the first person who derails or is impolite on a topic or response, but to everyone whom follows the lead of that person. As I do not like doing things with out giving you all warning this post shall serve as that warning. If you have a desire to bring this topic up with me then I invite you to do so on the IRC channel. Lets raise the level of quality and grow the community. Let us not descend into the quality often found on the minecraft or league of legend forums. There is simply no need for that here. Be passionate about things, just do not be abusive.
Offline ServersRecently I've seen a few server listings showing up on the first page of the Servers forum that have been closed for an extended period of time, but have recently gotten a reply from a new member who didn't realize the server is offline. To help prevent this from happening in the future, it would be greatly appreciated if you could use the report function on the original post of any servers that have been confirmed as offline, so that the topic may be locked. If you are the admin of a server and plan on taking the server offline, please use the report function on the original post of your topic to let the TFC Staff know that the topic should be locked. If you are the admin of a server that has a locked topic, and would wish to bring the server back online, please use the report function on the original post of the topic to let the TFC Staff know that the topic should be unlocked. As always, please remember to follow rule #3 of the servers forum and update your topic title to contain the version of TFC that the server is currently running. You can do so by editing the OP, and then clicking on "Use Full Editor."
Content count287
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About landryx
Copper Miner
- Birthday 12/15/1988
Profile Information
- Gender Male
- Location Quebec, Canada
- Location
Recent Profile Visitors
Shield Concept Art and Discussion
landryx replied to GooberGabe_'s topic in Discussionawesome works here
yes, bioxx has really done an awesome job on the world gen
impressive base again! What is the point of having an alternate source of energy (windwill)? no more charcoal needed in the iron smelting process?
Single player tweaks for casual players
landryx replied to Nevermind's topic in Discussionyou can just mess around with the config file and boost a bitthe ores spawning
Best sandwich ever?
landryx replied to ElJere2706's topic in Discussionthe sandwich system always been nice to mess with, but sadly come with no "real" reward to justify it. There is no point of finding the perfect sandwich.
what happened? is Bioxx on vacations?
Is There a TFC2 Guide?
landryx replied to rmarks1999's topic in Discussionthere is currently no guidebut the wiki will be updated eventually. Stay tuned. at the moment, the changelog or that thread http://terrafirmacraft.com/f/topic/9812-021-tfc2-prerelease/
just follow the tread here, all informations and updates are clearly explained. You shouldn't have any problem with that
thoses mods you use seems to add more dept and possibilities to the game late-game, reaching black/blue/red steel TFC1 always never felt like a necessity for me.
what other mods are you actually using? awesome base man by the way
cool thx diego! GitHub..!
there are currently working on mobs models. no big news so far from bioxx, no tweet, no screenshot. it's pretty damn dead actually. but darmo is doing a great job on mobs recently. he's apparently the only one.
TFC (0.79.29.922) Small Server to have fun on [Whitelist]
landryx replied to LizardWithATopHat's topic in ServersIGN: Landryx Why you want to join: playing TFC for holidays Skills you might have: metallurgy, buildings and minings
B79 Food Preservation
landryx replied to Thrainn's topic in Discussionyes, i agree with you tony there is a lot of things that TFC1 need to be rectified. If only there was another team still supporting the continuity of this of first TFC


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subset: commoncrawl


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Released 4/8/15 | Tags: Veteran's Benefits
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE – April 8, 2015
WASHINGTON – A new rule by the Department of Veterans Affairs that became effective on March 24, 2015 ends much of the informal claims process for VA disability benefits and limits the types of inferred claims VA will adjudicate. The rule leaves injured and disabled veterans at a serious disadvantage when applying for VA disability compensation.
Two aspects of the new rule are particularly important. First, the new rule eliminates the decades-old right of a veteran to initiate the VA adjudication process by writing a plain letter to the VA seeking a specific VA benefit. Second, under the new rule, VA severely limits the types of benefits that the agency will adjudicate when presented with a disability benefits claim by a veteran. If a veteran files a disability claim based on post-traumatic stress disorder but fails to mention in the application that he or she lost both legs in combat, VA is no longer obligated to develop or adjudicate any benefits related to the veteran's amputations—even if the service treatment record documents the amputations.
Veterans service organizations such as NVLSP, The American Legion, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, Vietnam Veterans of America, and AMVETS are challenging these unfair changes in court. But until and unless these new VA rules are declared unlawful, they will continue to impact any VA disability claims for compensation filed on or after March 24, 2015. Accordingly, NVLSP issues the following tips to help veterans safeguard their benefits to the extent possible under these new rules and to guide advocates assisting veterans:
Tip #1: Use VA's new "Intent to File a Claim" process—not an informal letter—to initiate your claim. Under the new rules, writing a letter to VA stating you want to file a VA claim for disability compensation for a medical condition that you believe is connected to your military service will no longer start a VA claim on your behalf. Therefore, such letters will no longer be sufficient to "lock in" an early effective date for the benefits you are seeking. Instead, to establish the earliest possible effective date for their benefits, applicants should immediately notify VA of their intent to file a claim by using VA's new "Intent to File a Claim" formal process. Applicants can establish their "intent to file a claim" in one of four ways:
(1) Electronically. You can express your "intent to file a claim" by starting the claim process through (i) eBenefits or (ii) with the support of a Veterans Service Organization (VSO) through the Stakeholder Enterprise Portal. Once you initiate a claim electronically, you have one year to complete it. Make sure you print out a copy of your electronic "intent to file." If you are represented by a VSO, contact your representative and they can take you through this process.
(2) Standard Form. You can express your "intent to file a claim" by completing and mailing a paper VA Form 21-0966 (Intent to File a Claim for Compensation and/or Pension, or Survivors Pension and/or DIC). Completed forms must be mailed to your nearest regional benefits office. NVLSP recommends that: (i) you keep a copy of the completed form; (2) you keep a copy of any submitted evidence or documentation; and (3) you submit your form to VA via certified mail with return receipt.
(3) Telephone. You can express your "intent to file a claim" over the phone by calling the VA toll-free line at 1-800-827-1000. If you choose this option, NVLSP recommends that you stay on the line even though the VA's phone lines are often congested and have significant wait times. NVLSP recommends that you DO NOT use the "call back at a later date or time" option, as this may delay your claim. NVLSP recommends that any veteran or survivor filing a claim over the phone request that the person on VA representative send you a "copy of the report of contact" (VA Form 119) created by the call.
(4) In Person. You can express your "intent to file a claim" in person by speaking with a VA representative at a VA regional benefits office. NVLSP recommends you keep a copy of all documentation submitted.
• Veterans may appoint a duly authorized representative, such as a veterans service organization (VSO), who can notify VA of a claimant's intent to file using any of the methods listed above. VA will provide an individual up to one year from the date of the letter asking for information to complete the required application form.
• Veterans may wish to use this one-year period to gather evidence necessary to support the claim so that evidence can be submitted along with the application form. If you gather all information necessary, we suggest you use VA Forms that end with EZ to expedite the adjudication of your claim.
Tip #2: Consult your representative. NVLSP strongly recommends that you talk with your service officer before filing your formal claim (for example, the VA Form 21-526EZ).
Tip #3: Add the following statement to your attempts to claim VA compensation benefits. Frequently, veterans suffer from multiple disabilities or illnesses linked to their military service. Sometimes, veterans do not list all of their conditions on their application for benefits. The new rules make it more difficult to obtain benefits for conditions that are not specifically identified in the benefits application. While there is no way to ensure that you will be able to obtain benefits for conditions that are not expressly stated in an application, NVLSP recommends including the following statement in your VA Form 21-4138 (Statement in Support of Claim):
"In addition to my claim for _________________________________________, I also wish to claim service connection for all disabilities for which the evidence of record, including the evidence in my service records, supports a reasonable possibility of service connection. Therefore, I ask the VA to carefully review my service records, especially my service treatment records, and consider for service connection all conditions that are reasonably inferred from the review of the entire evidence of record including my service treatment records. I also request that you send me the appropriate VA Form to perfect my application."
It is important to remember to fill in the blank with the condition that you are currently seeking service connection for. You can download a copy of VA form 21-4138 with this statement already added to it on NVLSP's website.
Tip #4: File your formal application for VA benefits using only the forms specified by the VA. Veterans and survivors are under no obligation to submit an "intent to file." They can skip this step and immediately file an application for VA benefits if they believe they have the evidence in hand for a successful application or they believe they have submitted all evidence they can obtain.
Veterans filing for disability benefits must now use either VA Form 21-526EZ or VA Form 21-526 (Application for Disability Compensation and Related Compensation Benefits).
Wartime Veterans filing for needs-based pension must use VA Form 21-527EZ or VA Form 21-527 (Application for Pension).
Survivors filing a claim for dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC), survivor's pension, and accrued benefits must now use either VA Form 21-534EZ or VA Form 21-534 (Application for DIC, Death Pension, and/or Accrued Benefits).
NVLSP recommends you keep copies of all forms, evidence and documentation submitted to the VA.
If you choose to mail your application to VA, send it via certified mail with a return receipt, so you have proof of the application.
Reminder: None of the information issued on this news release should be construed as legal advice. NVLSP strongly recommends that you talk with your veteran's advocate, service officer, lawyer or knowledgeable representative after submitting an "Intent to File" form but before filing an application for VA disability compensation.
The National Veterans Legal Services Program (NVLSP) is an independent, nonprofit veterans service organization that has served active duty military personnel and veterans since 1980. NVLSP strives to ensure that our nation honors its commitment to its 22 million veterans and active duty personnel by ensuring they have the federal benefits they have earned through their service to our country. NVSLP offers training for attorneys and other advocates, connects veterans and active duty personnel with pro bono legal help when seeking disability benefits, publishes the nation's definitive guide on veteran benefits, and represents and litigates for veterans and their families before the VA, military discharge review agencies and federal courts. For more information go to www.nvlsp.org.
Media contact: Ami Neiberger-Miller, 703-887-4877, firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
One study compared returns for a June-planted rice hybrid (RiceTec's XL-7) and several soybean yield scenarios. Over two years, late-planted rice averaged 126 bushels per acre with net returns of $132.40 ($3.50 per bushel). A 35-bushel soybean yield provided only $22.50 in net return ($5.90 per bushel).
Researchers planted both crops on June 21, 2001 and June 28, 2002. Locations for the study were in Arkansas, Missouri and Mississippi. The scientists included loan deficiency payments when calculating returns.
The study also compared rice hybrid yields under several double-cropping scenarios. A rice/wheat/rice rotation with enhanced fertility (150/60/90) and conventional tillage produced double-cropped hybrid rice yields of 163 bushels per acre. No-till rice with standard fertility (100/40/60) produced the lowest yields of 126 bushels per acre.
The highest-yielding cropping system for rice was a no-till rice/wheat/soybeans/wheat/rice approach with standard fertility which yielded an average of 181 bushels per acre.
According to Merle Anders, cropping systems agronomist at the University of Arkansas, one advantage for a late-planted rice hybrid is vigor. "You're planting at a time when it's very hot. This could be coincidental, but we had less problem with blanking because of heat in the hybrids versus varietal rice."
In addition, "XL-7 is a short duration hybrid. It's worked out well. In a lot of cases, we've harvested it and have gone back with wheat. But you have to get it out of the field very quickly. We've also had good luck with no-till right after the wheat."
Anders is still gathering data on a comprehensive economic analysis of the various cropping systems. Rice yields have improved significantly over the course of the study, especially since the move to hybrids, "but the biggest problem has been the wheat (wet fall weather), not the rice."
Growers considering a rice-after-wheat system should base their decision not on rice yields, but how rice compares to soybeans after wheat, according to Anders.
"Your competition is soybeans," he notes. "Can you make more money with rice than you can with soybeans? I would accept that rice yields will normally be lower than if they were planted at a normal planting time. But even with irrigation, you rarely get high yields with double-cropped soybeans."
According to Jim Stroike, RiceTec's vice president, technical business development, "the yield potential of a rice hybrid is so much greater than varietal rice, so you've raised the yield bar even at a later planting."
Planting rice after wheat can be tricky, noted Anders. He recommends these steps:
- Avoid late-harvested wheat fields.
- Tillage should be dictated by water supply, field condition and available equipment.
- Wheat fields that are rutted or compacted from wheat harvest will require tillage, but keep it to a minimum.
- Use available chopper/spreaders on combines to distribute straw the width of combine.
- If you no-till or minimum-till, do not roll the wheat stubble; no-till planting is much easier in standing stubble.
- All P and K needs to be applied prior to planting rice. Use same rates you would with a full-season rice crop.
- Studies show that application of all, or nearly all, N prior to flooding is the best, because the plants will grow much faster during this time.
- XL-7 is recommended to be planted at 30 pounds per acre.
- If seed bed is rough, a slight increase in seeding rate may be warranted.
- XL-7 has excellent disease package, but during late plantings the disease pressure is normally much lower. Hybrids are more tolerant to heat, thus resulting in less blanking.
- Weevils can be a problem with late plantings. Either Icon-treated seed or Karate after plant emergence may be necessary. Scout well.
- Water is key to growing rice after wheat.
- Do not wait for seeds to germinate to flush. It is too hot to wait, and any delay will result in loss of good growing conditions and will delay harvest even later.
- Once herbicides have been applied, flush the field to encourage early emergence and take advantage of good plant growth period.


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text:
By: isupworld.com
SUP Review: Airis 11' HardTop SUV
The Airis 11' HardTop SUV is a new model for 2013 and has some unique features that make it stand out. Besides being well made it has fiberglass steps that add rigidity when paddling.
Quick Stats
- 11 feet long
- 31 inches wide
- 6 inches thick
- weighs 26.5 lbs.
- can hold up to 250 lbs.
- has one large rear skeg
Material: This board uses the Walker Bay patented AirWeb construction which makes it stiffer and more rigid.
Pros: Rigid, unique fiberglass braces to stand on, stable, light weight and easy to travel with, comes with awesome deluxe backpack/carry bag, bungee tie down cords at bow and stern
Cons: Not super speedy.
More In-Depth Info
I was pretty psyched to try out this board as I knew how good the Airis line of inflatable kayaks were. Their ISUP's are made with the same AirWeb construction as the kayaks, which creates a very rigid product.
I knew their lineup of inflatable boards would be well made but I was curious with how well they would perform.
The 11′ HardTop SUV is the most versatile of their SUP models and great for beginners to intermediate riders.
My First Impressions
My first impression was likely the same as everyone else's if you have ever tried an ISUP before… the HardTop SUV is unique.
Not only does it inflate to a rigid air pressure but it also has fiberglass steps to place your feet on that make you feel like you are paddling a fiberglass board.
The concept in my opinion is fascinating. Take an inflatable SUP, make sure the construction is solid and that it inflates to a rigid air pressure then add some fiberglass plates to enhance the rigidity and performance of the board. No other ISUP manufacturer has done this.
The plates do add a little weight and a little bulk when rolling the board back up into the carry bag. However they are still a nice feature and overall the board paddles quite well.
Similar to most ISUP's, with one main air chamber, the set-up is a snap.
Take it out of its carry bag, unroll, and inflate. It comes with a good high-pressure hand pump. Or to save a little time you could invest in an electric pump which inflates the board in a matter of one or two minutes.
As mentioned before I really like the length of an 11' board.
It has enough length to be good for touring but still be compact enough to maneuver easily and handle well.
It tracks well, glides nicely through the water, and handles a little chop in the water with ease. I don't find that it moves all that fast, but overall the performance is good.
The 6" thickness makes it ultra stable. The extra thickness makes it ideal for people of all shapes, sizes as well as age groups.
Beginners will appreciate the extra thickness and stability as it makes for a more secure ride.
I find the 6" boards to be far more secure feeling when in ocean waves as well.
Important Features
There are a few features that are worth pointing out on the HardTop SUV.
1. Of course the first to mention are the RigiDeck™ EVA covered fiberglass steps which make the board extremely rigid under your feet.
2. There are D-rings and bungee cords at the front and back of the board.
These can be used to secure gear and accessories such as fishing gear, clothes, water bottle, dry bag, etc.
3. The large rear skeg helps the board to track straight.
4. The valves are premium one-way valves that make inflation very easy.
5. All of the Airis ISUP's come with a deluxe AirPack carrying bag.
The bag can easily hold your board, the pump, the repair kit and even your paddle. It's fairly comfortable to use and makes traveling with the board easy.
6. The hand pump that comes with the Airis boards is a two-way high-pressure pump.
It has an adjustable valve for high and low pressure pumping as well as a pressure gauge to check the inflation level.
Ultimately the HardTop SUV offers a convenient method of getting out on the water anywhere you want to go.
The convenience of owning and using an inflatable stand-up paddleboard is pretty cool.
The Down Side
The down side is that this board will not roll up quite as small as some of the other ISUP's out there because of the fiberglass plates.
It still rolls up into a compact package but it is just a slightly larger package than some others that are similar in size.
I also like to keep a board at 25 lbs. or under as I find it easier to carry.
This one weighs 26.5 lbs. and truthfully it makes very little difference compared to carrying a 25 lbs. board but it would be nice if it weighed just a few pounds less.
However it paddles well and is a nice board.
Final Thoughts
Overall I was impressed. I have used it mostly on mountain lakes and ocean bays and found that it paddles well. The price is decent and about what you'd expect it to be for a board of this quality.
The Airis SUP's are manufactured in North America which is a bonus as well.
Where to Buy
Click Here For The Airis 11' HardTop SUV Inflatable SUP From WalkerBay.com.
Click Here For The Airis 11′ HardTop SUV Inflatable SUP At Outdoorplay.com. – 5% off at checkout with coupon code IK3721


text:
Build Guide by MiguelGC
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Veigar Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
***I'm sorry for my english, I'm Brazilian.***
Hello! After playing a while with Veigar I decided to make a guide about him, he's a powerful caster, who can defeat your opponents in a matter of 2 or 3 seconds at Late-End Game, Veigar has an awesome damage output, but he's very difficult to play, you will not get good scores right away, and you are going to need practice, so, let's go to the guide.
Veigar Skills
Equilibrium - Veigar's mana regen is increased by 0.5% for each 1% of mana missing.
***Good passive, helps you with Veigar's mana problems Early-Mid Game.***
Baleful Strike - Active: Unleashes dark energy at target enemy dealing 80 / 125 / 170 / 215 / 260 (+60% of ability power) magic damage. If the target is killed, Veigar gains 1 ability power.
Passive: Veigar gains 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 ability power when he kills a champion from any source of damage.
Cooldown 8/7/6/5/4 seconds | Cost 75 mana | Range 650
***Veigar's bread and butter skill, has a low cooldown, so you can spam it quite often, and that's why last hitting with Veigar is so important, If you last hist 150 minions with that, you will get 150 AP! That's more than a Zhonya's Ring, and it's your job to last hit.***
Dark Matter - After 1.2 seconds, dark matter falls from the sky to the target location, dealing 120 / 170 / 220 / 270 / 320 (+100% of ability power) magic damage.
Cooldown 12 seconds | Cost 100/110/120/130/140 mana | Range 900
***Veigar's End-Late Game nuke, deals a high amount of damage if it hits, but it's quite difficult to land it, so, you must be good with Event Horizon to deal the most damage possible.***
Event Horizon - Active: Veigar twists the edges of space around the target location for 3 seconds, stunning enemies who pass through the perimeter for 1.5 / 1.75 / 2 / 2.25 / 2.5 seconds.
Cooldown 24/22/20/18/16 seconds | Cost 80/95/110/125/140 mana | Range 650
***Veigar's AoE stun, if right positioned, it's going to break the enemy team positioning in a team fight and stun for 2.5 seconds, that's quite OP huh? and you have to cast it in order to land a good Dark Matter.***
Primordial Burst - Blasts an enemy champion, dealing 250 / 375 / 500 (+100% of ability power) plus his target's AP in magic damage.
Cooldown 130/110/90 seconds | Cost 150/200/250 mana | Range 650
***Veigar's ult, deals a high amount of damage in caster without any Magic Resist, and it's your best nuke, it has a high cooldown, but the damage is really big.***
Skill Order
Your priority should be:
Primordial Burst (R) -> Baleful Strike (Q) -> Event Horizon (E) -> Dark Matter (W)
You want to level your Baleful Strike spell as fast as you can, it's going to help to last hit more easily, and it's your primary harrass ability, second you want Event Horizon, that's a stun, this will help with the Mid Game ganks, and for last Dark Matter, that's a Late-End Game nuke, level your Ult whenever you can.
How to kill / Act in Team Fights
Team Fights - It's very easy, land your Event Horizon, trying to stun as many target as you can , land Dark Matter in your target (a squishy please), then use your Deathfire Grasp, Primordial Burst then Baleful Strike, the target will be killed, but remember, don't initiate fights, stay in the back, wait until your team engage the enemy team, them blow them up, you can store your Deathfire Grasp to help to take down the tank, but only do that if you're sure that your target (the squishy that you targeted) is going to die!
Ganking - It's the same thing of a Team Fight, but you can initiate if you want, or let the others, again you have to focus the squishyest (please don's focus more than one, play right, don't be greedy, ensure a kill by killig 1, not 2), you should be able to gank the other by the time that your allies engage them.
Pros and Cons
Big Damage Late-End Game
Great Nuker
AoE Stun
Best AP of the game
Good Farmer
Awesome Ganker
Focused in Ganks/Team Fights
Need coordination
Very difficult to play
Summoner Spells
Flash - Flash is good on Veigar, he lacks escape mechanism (only has stun, and it can be avoided), you can also use it to chase, make a surprise gank, etc.
Clarity - Clarity helps Veigar's mana problems, it really helps you spam Baleful Strike to get AP Early-Mid Game.
Other useful Summoner Spells are:
Cleanse - Cleanse can really help you to escape sticky situations.
Teleport - Teleport is good on Veigar, helps you to control the lanes, giving you map control and stacking AP with Baleful Strike more easily.
Exhaust - Exhaust is very good when combined with the Masterie Cripple, it will build your damage output, helps you landing Dark Matter, helps you chase, escape from those Yi's and Tryn's, etc.
Ghost - I prefer Flash over this spell, but that's your opinion, go whatever suits you better.
It's a standard Caster setup, rushing the Magic Penetration Masterie in Offense and building up Mana Regen, Movement Speed, Cooldown Reduction, improved Flash and Clarity, etc.
Magic Pen Marks - Magic Pen is a must on casters like Veigar, don't go wrong with that.
Health/LVL Seals - Veigar's a squishy hero, these runes will help him to counter that, you could go for Mana Regen/LVL Seals, but your items, passive skill and Masteries can regenerate your mana in no time, you can also grab AP/LVL Seals.
***Always pick up the Golem buff, keep that in mind.***
AP/LVL Glyphs and Quints: Helps your damage output Late-End Game, you can go CDR/LVL or Flat CDR, Magic Pen and Flat HP, depends on your playstyle.
Item Build
Try to follow this order:
Spawn - Doran's Ring + 1 Health Potion
1st Trip back - Boots of Speed + Fiendish Codex
2nd Trip back - Deathfire Grasp + Amplyfing Tome
3rd Trip back - Mejai's Soulstealer + Sorcerer's Shoes
4th Trip back - Needlessly Large Rod + Blasting Wand
5th Trip back - Zhonya's Ring + Blasting Wand
6th Trip back - Abyssal Scepter
7th Trip back - Rylai's Crystal Scepter + Elixir of Brilliance and Fortitude
***This is the order that you're going to buy your items, don't worry if you need to recall to replenish Health!***
Deathfire Grasp - A must on Veigar, adds another high nuke to your combo, and of course helps to take down those annoying tankers.
Zhonya's Ring - Massive AP bonus and a good active? Yes please.
Sorcerer's Shoes - Magic Pen and Movement speed, standard boots for casters.
Mejai's Soulstealer - You're a ganker, you'll get stacks like no one of your team (only if yor team has a good Evelynn), and Mejai's are a must on every caster IMO.
Abyssal Scepter - AP and Magic Pen, great for Late-End Game tank with full Magic Resist pwnage, also a bit Magic Resist.
Rylai's Crystal - HP, AP and Slow, holy ****!!!
Elixir of Brilliance - AP and CDR, if you have money, you can buy this Elixir whenever you want.
Elixir of Fortitude - Only take that because of the Health bonus.
So guys, this concludes my guide for Veigar, I hope you liked, I would aprecciate +1 ratings, if you hate -1, leave constructive feedback, thanks for reading it!


text: "My right hon. Friend may know that 41 students from the Arthur Terry school in my constituency were caught up in the airport, together with seven members of staff. Thanks to the outstanding leadership of the headteacher, Neil Warner, and the senior member of staff on the team, Sue Bailey, who showed excellent and responsible leadership in extraordinarily difficult circumstances, all 48 were able to leave at 1 o'clock the following morning, and head to South Africa where their school is twinned with the Rondevlei School. Through my right hon. Friend, may I pay tribute to the outstanding service that the Foreign Office provided to my 48 constituents, and in particular to Matt Jordan, a Foreign Office official who was in the airport at the time and who rendered full Foreign Office and consular services to all my constituents in an outstanding way?"


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L'icône et l'islam : Pamela Chrabieh
3 décembre 2006, Radio Canada
Un reportage de Jean-Robert Faucher
Merci Robert et à toute l'équipe de Second Regard!
De Philippe Martin:
'Voici la onzième édition des portraits de blogueurs, avec Pamela Chrabieh Badine'.
On peut trouver l'entrevue sur Dailymotion, Cent Papiers et YULBUZZ.
Merci à Philippe et Christian Aubry!
(L'Orient-le-Jour, Beyrouth, 20 mars 2007)
Mais la liste semble relativement courte face à l'ampleur de la catastrophe humanitaire et des carnages confessionnels qui font désormais le quotidien de ce pays. Entre 100 000 et 150 000 civils irakiens auraient trouvé la mort depuis le début de la guerre. Ces estimations effrayantes ont été dévoilées en novembre 2006 par le ministère irakien de la Santé. Pour la seule année 2006, plus de 34 000 personnes ont été tuées. Un rapport du Pentagone, récemment publié, indique que les attaques meurtrières en Irak ont atteint leur pic fin 2006. L'ONU estime qu'en moyenne près de 100 Irakiens sont tués chaque jour. En un mot comme en mille, l'Irak est plus que jamais livré à la violence et au chaos.
Dans l'ouest et le nord du pays, el-Qaëda poursuit son insurrection brutale contre le gouvernement irakien et les forces américaines, tandis que dans le sud, les milices chiites rivalisent pour le contrôle des régions et des ressources pétrolières.
La guerre a également poussé des millions d'Irakiens à quitter leurs foyers pour se réfugier dans des pays voisins comme la Syrie, la Jordanie et le Liban. En quatre ans, l'UNHCR a enregistré plus de 4 millions de déplacés. Ce chiffre représente le plus grand déplacement de personnes au Moyen-Orient depuis la crise palestinienne de 1948.
La situation sécuritaire en Irak s'est tellement détériorée ces dernières années que les médias internationaux n'hésitent pas à utiliser le terme de « guerre civile ». Dans son dernier rapport, le Pentagone a cependant jugé que ce terme ne permet pas de saisir la complexité du conflit, qui inclut des violences confessionnelles mais aussi des attaques contre les forces de la coalition. Pour Washington, comme la majorité des attaques vise principalement les forces de la coalition, il n'est donc pas question de « guerre civile » en Irak.
Mais comment alors expliquer les centaines d'attentats confessionnels contre des marchés populaires ou des mosquées dans des régions majoritairement chiites ? Comment expliquer les attaques contre les places publiques, les universités et les hôpitaux ? Désormais, plus aucune des nouvelles qui nous parviennent d'Irak – aussi scandaleuse qu'elle soit – ne nous surprendra. Même les ambulances ont été piégées. L'ONU parle de « torture généralisée » en Irak.
Par ailleurs, aux États-Unis, un quart des soldats américains soignés à leur retour d'Irak souffrent de troubles mentaux. Une étude américaine récente établit que plus de 55 % des soldats diagnostiqués présentent plus d'une maladie mentale.
Face à ces données alarmantes, le président américain ne recule pourtant pas et décide d'envoyer 25 000 soldats supplémentaires en Irak. Les forces américaines qui ont perdu plus de 3 000 de leurs membres depuis 2003 devraient compter 160 000 soldats d'ici à juin.
Vendredi dernier, le Premier ministre français, Dominique de Villepin, a déclaré que la guerre en Irak a « brisé l'image de l'Amérique » tout en soulignant « qu'aucun pays ne peut aujourd'hui imposer seul un nouvel ordre mondial ». Avec le déclenchement de la guerre contre le régime baassiste irakien, non seulement le « rêve américain » a été brisé, mais les États-Unis ont également perdu le respect de nombreux Arabes, Européens, Asiatiques et – même – Américains qui ont manifesté par centaines de milliers le week-end dernier à Washington, New York, Séoul, Tokyo, Ankara et Athènes pour réclamer la fin de la guerre.
Robert Fisk: US power games in the Middle East
As the West looks anxiously at Iraq and Afghanistan, dangerous cracks are opening up in Lebanon and the White House is determined to prop up Fouad Siniora's government
Published: 19 March 2007 (The Independant)
The spring rain beat down like ball-bearings on the flat roof of General Claudio Graziano's office. Much of southern Lebanon looked like a sea of mud this week but all was optimism and light for the Italian commander of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, now 11,000 strong and still expecting South Korea to add to his remarkable 29-nation international army. He didn't recall how the French battalion almost shot down an Israeli jet last year - it was before his time - and he dismissed last month's border shoot-out between Israeli and Lebanese troops.
No specific threats had been directed at Unifil, the UN's man in southern Lebanon insisted - though I noticed he paused for several seconds before replying to my question - and his own force was now augmented by around 9,000 Lebanese troops patrolling on the Lebanese-Israeli frontier. There was some vague talk of "terrorist threats ... associated with al-Qa'ida" - UN generals rarely use the word 'terrorism', but then again Graziano is also a Nato general -- yet nothing hard. Yes, Lebanese army intelligence was keeping him up to date. So it must have come as a shock to the good general when the Lebanese Interior Minister Hassan Sabeh last week announced that a Lebanese Internal Security Force unit had arrested four Syrian members of a Palestinian "terrorist group" linked to al-Qa'ida and working for the Syrian intelligence services who were said to be responsible for leaving bombs in two Lebanese minibuses on 13 February, killing three civilians and wounding another 20.
Now it has to be said that there's a lot of scepticism about this story. Not because Syria has, inevitably, denied any connection to Lebanese bombings but because in a country that has never in 30 years solved a political murder, it's pretty remarkable that the local Lebanese constabulary can solve this one - and very conveniently so since Mr Sabeh's pro-American government continues to accuse Syria of all things bestial in the state of Lebanon. According to the Lebanese government - one of those anonymous sources so beloved of the press - the arrested men were also planning attacks on Unifil and had maps of the UN's military patrol routes in the south of the country. And a drive along the frontier with Israel shows that the UN is taking no chances. Miles of razor wire and 20ft concrete walls protect many of its units.
The Italians, like their French counterparts, have created little "green zones" - we Westerners seem to be doing that all over the Middle East - where carabinieri police officers want photo identity cards for even the humblest of reporters. These are combat units complete with their own armour and tanks although no-one could explain to me this week in what circumstances the tanks could possibly be used and I rather suspect they don't know. Surely they won't fire at the Israelis and - unless they want to go to war with the Hizbollah - I cannot imagine French Leclerc tanks are going to be shooting at the Middle East's most disciplined guerrilla fighters.
But Unifil, like it or not, is on only one side of the border, the Lebanese side, and despite their improving relations with the local Shia population -- the UN boys are going in for cash handouts to improve water supplies and roads, "quick impact projects" as they are called in the awful UN-speak of southern Lebanon - there are few Lebanese who do not see them as a buffer force to protect Israel. Last year's UN Resolution 1701 doesn't say this, but it does call for "the disarmament of all armed groups in Lebanon". This was a clause, of course, which met with the enthusiastic approval of the United States. For "armed groups", read Hizbollah.
The reality is that Washington is now much more deeply involved in Lebanon's affairs than most people, even the Lebanese, realise. Indeed there is a danger that - confronted by its disastrous "democratic" experiment in Iraq - the US government is now turning to Lebanon to prove its ability to spread democracy in the Middle East. Needless to say, the Americans and the British have been generous in supplying the Lebanese army with new equipment, jeeps and Humvees and anti-riot gear (to be used against who, I wonder?) and there was even a hastily denied report that Defence Minister Michel Murr would be picking up some missile-firing helicopters after his recent visit to Washington. Who, one also asks oneself, were these mythical missiles supposed to be fired at?
Every Lebanese potentate, it now seems, is heading for Washington. Walid Jumblatt, the wittiest, most nihilistic and in many ways the most intelligent, is also among the most infamous. He was deprived of his US visa until 2005 for uncharitably saying that he wished a mortar shell fired by Iraqi insurgents into the Baghdad "green zone" had killed then- Deputy Defence Secretary Paul Wolfowitz. But fear not. Now that poor old Lebanon is to become the latest star of US foreign policy, Jumblatt sailed into Washington for a 35-minute meeting with President George Bush - that's only 10 minutes less than Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert got - and has also met with Condi Rice, Dick Cheney, Defence Secretary Gates and the somewhat more disturbing Stephen Hadley, America's National Security Adviser. There are Lebanese admirers of Jumblatt who have been asking themselves if his recent tirades against Syria and the Lebanese government's Hizbollah opponents - not to mention his meetings in Washington - aren't risking another fresh grave in Lebanon's expanding cemeteries. Brave man Jumblatt is. Whether he's a wise man will be left to history.
But it is America's support for Fouad Siniora's government - Jumblatt is a foundation stone of this - that is worrying many Lebanese. With Shia out of the government of their own volition, Siniora's administration may well be, as the pro-Syrian President Emile Lahoud says, unconstitutional; and the sectarian nature of Lebanese politics came violently to life in January with stonings and shooting battles on the streets of Beirut.
Because Iraq and Afghanistan have captured the West's obsessive attention since then, however, there is a tendency to ignore the continuing, dangerous signs of confessionalism in Lebanon. In the largely Sunni Beirut suburb of Tarek al-Jdeide, several Shia families have left for unscheduled "holidays". Many Sunnis will no longer shop in the cheaper department stores in the largely Shia southern suburb of Dahiya. More seriously, the Lebanese security forces have been sent into the Armenian Christian town of Aanjar in the Bekaa Valley after a clump of leaflets was found at one end of the town calling on its inhabitants to "leave Muslim land". Needless to say, there have been no reports of this frightening development in the Lebanese press.
Aanjar was in fact given by the French to the Armenians after they were forced to leave the city of Alexandretta in 1939 - the French allowed a phoney referendum there to let the Turks take over in the vain hope that Ankara would fight Hitler - and Aanjar's citizens hold their title deeds. But receiving threats that they are going to be ethnically cleansed from their homes is - for Armenians - a terrible reminder of their genocide at the hands of the Turks in 1915. Lebanon likes its industrious, highly educated Armenians who are also represented in parliament. But that such hatred could now touch them is a distressing witness to the fragility of the Lebanese state.
True, Saad Hariri, the Sunni son of the murdered ex-prime minister Rafik Hariri, has been holding talks with the Shia speaker of parliament, Nabi Berri - the Malvolio of Lebanese politics - and the Saudis have been talking to the Iranians and the Syrians about a "solution" to the Lebanese crisis. Siniora - who was appointed to his job, not elected - seems quite prepared to broaden Shia representation in his cabinet but not at the cost of providing them with a veto over his decisions. One of these decisions is Siniora's insistence that the UN goes ahead with its international tribunal into Hariri's murder which the government - and the United States - believe was Syria's work.
Yet cracks are appearing. France now has no objections to direct talks with Damascus and Javier Solana has been to plead with President Bashar Assad for Syria's help in reaching "peace, stability and independence" for Lebanon. What price the UN tribunal if Syria agrees to help? Already Assad's ministers are saying that if Syrian citizens are found to be implicated in Hariri's murder, then they will have to be tried by a Syrian court - something which would not commend itself to the Lebanese or to the Americans.
Siniora, meanwhile, can now bask in the fact that after the US administration asked Congress to approve $770m for the Beirut government to meet its Paris III donor conference pledges, Lebanon will be the third largest recipient of US aid per capita of population. How much of this will have to be spent on the Lebanese military, we still don't know. Siniora, by the way, was also banned from the United States for giving a small sum to an Islamic charity during a visit several years ago to a Beirut gathering hosted by Sayed Hussein Fadlallah, whom the CIA tried to murder in 1985 for his supposed links to the Hizbollah. Now he is an American hero.
Which is all to Hizbollah's liking. However faithful its leader, Sayed Hassan Nasrallah, may be to Iran (or Syria), the more Siniora's majority government is seen to be propped up by America, the deeper the social and political divisions in Lebanon become. The "tink thank" lads, as I call them, can fantasise about America's opportunities. "International support for the Lebanese government will do a great deal for advancing the cause of democracy and helping avoid civil war," David Shenker of the "Washington Institute for Near East Policy" pronounced last week. "... the Bush administration has wisely determined not to abandon the Lebanese to the tender mercies of Iran and Syria, which represents an important development towards ensuring the government's success," he said.
I wouldn't be too sure about that. Wherever Washington has supported Middle East "democracy" recently - although it swiftly ditched Lebanon during its blood-soaked war last summer on the ridiculous assumption that by postponing a ceasefire the Israelis could crush the Hizbollah - its efforts have turned into a nightmare. Now we know that Israeli prime minister Olmert had already pre-planned a war with Lebanon if his soldiers were captured by the Hizbollah, Nasrallah is able to hold up his guerrilla army as defenders of Lebanon, rather than provokers of a conflict which cost at least 1,300 Lebanese civilian lives. And going all the way to Washington to save Lebanon is an odd way of behaving. The answers lie here, not in the United States. As a friend put it to me, "If I have a bad toothache, I don't book myself into a Boston clinic and fly across the Atlantic - I go to my Beirut dentist!"


text:
Our Team
Highgrove Dental Care
Dr. O'Neill and our entire team are dedicated to giving you high-quality care without pain or anxiety. Our staff is professional, educated, and experienced in helping patients achieve optimum oral health and have the best dental experience ever! Take a moment to learn more about us. We look forward to seeing you at Highgrove Dental Care.
Meet Our Team
Terry O'Neill, DMD
Dr. O'Neill is a graduate of the University of Oregon School of Dentistry. He has dedicated his professional career to providing his patients with the best that dentistry has to offer. He is continually educating himself and his staff on the latest techniques and approaches to provide you with advanced, state-of-the-art, comfortable, and personalized dental care.
In his continuing education, Dr. O'Neill has completed hundreds of hours in postdoctoral courses, with a special emphasis on advances in cosmetic dentistry and restorative procedures, as well as sedation dentistry. He is a member of the American Dental Association, Minnesota Dental Association, St. Paul District Dental Society, and the Dental Organization for Conscious Sedation.
Sonja - Dental Hygienist
Sonja earned her dental hygiene degree in Duluth, MN and has been with Highgrove Dental Care for 12 years.
Sonja really enjoys meeting new people and building relationships with our patients so she can learn their health needs and concerns.
When she has time away, Sonja loves to travel and explore new places.
Holly - Dental Hygienist
Holly received her degree in dental hygiene from the University of Minnesota Duluth and has been with Highgrove Dental Care for 17 years. She enjoys getting to know our patients and their families and developing long-term relationships that allows her to help them achieve healthy oral hygiene habits that last a lifetime.
When Holly has time away from the office, she enjoys being at her cabin where she and her family swim, fish, and boat.
Sheri - Dental Hygienist
Sheri earned her degree in dental hygiene from the University of Minnesota. With over 30 years of experience at Highgrove Dental Care, she provides our patients with a high level of expertise when it comes to oral hygiene and healthy gums. She enjoys teaching people about the importance of good oral hygiene and about the connection between your gums and your overall health.
When Sheri is away from the office, you can find her enjoying a book or traveling for pleasure.
Amy - Dental Assistant
We are lucky to have worked with Amy for 14 years at Highgrove Dental Care. Her assisting skills help us give our patients an enjoyable experience. She takes pride in helping people achieve a healthy, comfortable smile and working with our friendly and professional team.
In her spare time, you can find Amy gardening.
Sandy - Dental Assistant
Sandy attended Minneapolis Technical Institute and joined Highgrove Dental Care over 30 years ago! She enjoys helping patients have a positive experience and working closely with our gifted team.
Having fun is important to Sandy. She enjoys golf and bowling.
Brenda - Receptionist
Brenda received her education from the US Army Civilian Dental Assistant School. She joined our practice twelve years ago and loves working in a dental practice where the entire team genuinely cares about their patients.
While away from the office, Brenda enjoys spending her free time with family.


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When Trishelle Cannatella debuted on MTV's The Real World: Las Vegas, men all over the country longed to score a jackpot with this tight-topped, loose-lipped vixen. Trishelle's reality-based career continued to plump peters on The Girls of Reality TV, two installments of The Real World/Road Rules Challenge, and The Surreal Life. With bunk buddies such as Ron Jeremy and Tammy Faye Bakker, Trishelle's tawny beauty, booming boobs, and bountiful booty were perfect for rounding out the diverse...Join Mr. Skin for the full bio >>
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ESCP Europe > Faculty & Research > Knowledge @ ESCP Europe > Marketing > Word of Mouth and social media
WEYGANDT J. J., KIMMEL A. J., KIESO D. E., (2012), Financial accounting : IFRS edition, Wiley, Hoboken [New Jersey], 2nd ed., 735 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2012), Psychological foundations of marketing, Routledge, London, 282 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2012), Psychological foundations of marketing, Routledge, London, 282 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2010), Connecting with consumers : Marketing for new marketplace realities, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 336 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2007), Ethical issues in behavioral research : Basic and applied perspectives, Blackwell Publishers, Malden [Massachusetts], 2nd ed., 405 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2007), Marketing communication: New approaches, technologies, and styles, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 3rd ed., 300 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (2003), Rumors and rumor control : A manager's guide to understanding and combatting rumors, LEA's communication series, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Mahwah [New Jersey], 256 p.
KIMMEL A. J., (1988), Ethics and Values in Applied Social Research, Sage, Newbury Park.
KIMMEL A. J., (1981), Ethics of human subject research, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
In the contemporary world in which people increasingly consume and are consumed by their smart phones, tablets, texting, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and the like, word of mouth (WOM)—the informal communications among consumers about ownership, usage, or characteristics of particular goods and services (or their sellers)—has taken a central position within the marketing spectrum. These days, it seems everyone in business has discovered the power of consumer conversations. Yet WOM did not begin with the Internet 2.0 era, or even the computer—it is as old as human discourse. Early social scientists Gabriel Tarde and Gustave LeBon discussed the role of WOM in the spread of new innovations more than a century ago. What has changed in recent decades with new technologies and growing consumer connectedness is how quickly and widely marketing messages can spread.
WOM Facts and Fallacies
Over the years, a number of assumptions about the nature and dynamics of WOM have entered the popular and trade literature, several of which run counter to the preponderance of controlled research on the topic. In my recent research, which I discuss in my paper in the Journal of Marketing Communications and is more fully explicated in my forthcoming publication in the Journal of Customer Behaviour, I have focused on the extent to which the beliefs about WOM among business students and practitioners conform more to popular wisdom or empirical research and theory.
Whenever you have so much attention devoted to a trendy social media-related topic, there is bound to be plenty of hyperbole, and WOM is no exception. For example, experts have argued that "WOM is more powerful than all of the other marketing methods put together" (George Silverman, author of The Secrets of Word-of-Mouth Marketing) and "the only kind of persuasion that most of us respond to anymore" (Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point). Whether or not the hype exceeds the true promise of WOM marketing remains to be seen; however, it is important to acknowledge that in some circumstances, WOM can have less of an influence on consumers than more traditional forms of marketing communication, and certain types of WOM can have more of an impact than others. Thus, the assumption that WOM marketing efforts will always have their intended effects or that consumers will always respond accordingly is both misguided and oversimplified.
WOM Antecedents. A majority of the business students and practitioners I surveyed believe the popular wisdom that holds that most WOM is driven by customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction; that is, when people are satisfied, they transmit positive WOM and when they are dissatisfied, they convey negative WOM. Although it is true that consumers tend to give more WOM at extreme levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, various studies have shown that when people are relatively neutral about something, they still transmit high levels of WOM. In fact, a wide variety of motivations (ego-related, altruistic, etc.) and opportunities (a conversation leads to advice, an effort by friends to make a joint decision, etc.) can, and frequently do, give rise to WOM, in addition to satisfaction level. When WOM is only considered in relation to satisfaction/dissatisfaction, practitioners stand to lose the opportunity to leverage WOM among consumers who are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their offerings. The misleading assumption also is likely to point practitioners to over-rely on satisfaction surveys to measure WOM, such as the Net Promoter Score (NPS), which may ultimately serve to underestimate the amount and impact of WOM that is positive (PWOM) and negative (NWOM).
Relative Frequency and Impact of PWOM and NWOM. The results of my studies also revealed that business students and practitioners tend to accept the popular assumptions that NWOM is both more common and more powerful than PWOM. However, across more than 20 product and service categories, WOM studies dating from the mid-1970s to the current period consistently find that PWOM tends to be more common than NWOM, at a ratio exceeding 4:1. PWOM may be more common because most products are satisfactory for consumers and a greater percentage of WOM instances is likely to concern the consumer's main brand (i.e., the one currently purchased and used). There does appear to be some support for the claim that NWOM can have a stronger impact on consumers due to the greater rarity of negative information; however, research shows that this effect is largely limited to measures of brand attitude as opposed to the more critical measure of shifts in purchase probability, where PWOM has been found to have a stronger impact across various product and service categories. The issue of relative impact is a complex one, and the blanket statement that NWOM has greater influence than PWOM is not justified. Adherence to popular wisdom in this case could encourage practitioners to focus their efforts on strategies to counter negative talk (e.g., crisis management, rumor control) as opposed to efforts more inclined to promote and leverage positive talk (e.g., referral marketing).
Online (eWOM) Versus Offline WOM
Another area in which student and practitioner beliefs tend to be in agreement with popular wisdom pertains to where WOM exchanges take place. People tend to get carried away with the power of technology and fall prey to what has been labeled the "social steroids myth," which holds that if a face-to-face conversation is one awesome WOM interaction, then a comment on social media will equal the same quality interaction multiplied by the number of people in the network. However, research by agencies KellerFay and TRND, among others, have demonstrated that a majority of sharing occurs in the normal fashion in real-world, personal WOM conversations among friends and family members, where exchanges tend to be more credible and more likely to influence consumer decision making.
Interestingly, the participants in my research greatly underestimated the average number of times that a person transmits (10.6 times per week) and receives (16.3 times per week) WOM. In reality, the average consumer has about 125 conversations per week that mention products and services, with specific brands mentioned 90 times. When asked what made recalled instances of WOM memorable, the respondents mentioned its utilitarian value in assisting a product/service decision, characteristics of the source of the information, and their personal involvement in the product/service category.
Future Directions for WOM Research and Practice
As communication technologies and usage habits continue to evolve, facts and fallacies regarding the nature, prevalence, and impact of WOM are also likely to change. As in many areas of marketing communication, our understanding is in flux and will continue to be enriched by further research. For example, investigators have begun to treat WOM exchanges as conversations involving multiple participants who may play multiple, dynamic roles as opposed to the long-standing conceptualization of WOM as comprised of a simple dyadic transaction involving a WOM sender and receiver.


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