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Orange Marmalade Episode 4: Did That Just Happen?
Sometimes events occur beyond our control or understanding, and all you can do is prepare and hope for the best. If last week's episode lulled you into a false sense of security, this week's will certainly have you on your toes and then make you fall over! Prepare thy self as Wendilynn, Kate, and I, Tippy, discuss this Episode 4 of Orange Marmalade.
Watch episode 4:
Wendilynn: I knew from the previews to this episode that it was going to be plot heavy, but there is NO WAY I was prepared for what we got. Nope… not a one.
Kate: And I thought that last week's episode three kiss between Jae Min and Ma Ri was shocking in how quickly it happened in the course of the series. I watched many of this week's developments with my mouth open.
Tippy: I think I must have forgotten to watch the preview. Here I thought we were gonna enjoy them together a little bit longer, but nuh-uh! I was so short lived I thought my head was gonna snap back from the whiplash. (O.O;) Every time something came up, I thought, "Ah, what a pity..."
Wendilynn: I knew from the previews that Jae Min finds out about her vampire status so I wasn't expecting this to be a very happy episode. We all know how much he hates vampires. But, Shi Hoo's story totally overshadowed that. What happened to his parents. What that glowing bit in their neck meant. How depressed Shi Hoo has truly been over what happened to his parents and what he did about it when he learned the real reason…… left me speechless.
Kate: Unsurprisingly, with Jae Min nearby when Shi Hoo got the news, it resulted in a fight. I have to say, though, after such shattering news I think Shi Hoo held back to an admirable extent in that exchange. That fight could have been a lot worse than it was.
Tippy: Yeah, he really could have done some damage (aside from what happened to Jae Min's face), but I really felt for him then. Like, poor guy can't catch a break. He really didn't need to egg Jae Min on about eating Ma Ri, but still. Props to Jae Min as well for standing up for his lady.
Wendilynn: Jae Min asked for it jumping Shi Hoo that way. I understand both boys were upset for different reasons, but Jae Min was lucky he walked away from that fight. Shi Hoo really showed admirable restraint. Other than teasing Jae Min about eating Ma Ri. But even later, when he saved Jae Min's life, I was so surprised by him. I was expecting him to be the angry, troubled teen who was a constant troublemaker and that was not Shi Hoo at all, in the end. I mean, how many shows make us love the second male lead this fast and then kill him?!! I feel so sorry for him. I'm still hoping the VCS got to him first but that ball of dust was sort of final looking.
Kate: For your sake, Wendilynn, let's hope the dust was on screen because VCS pulled him out of the sun so quickly...but I am not sure I'd rather be in the hands of VCS. Their justice system seems increasingly unjust. I understand keeping abuse of vampire power out of the public eye, helping to relocate vampires who had become known, and maybe even some minor punishment of lesser or inadvertent crimes such as the death that happened as a chain reaction to Shi Hoo's attempted attack on a human as a small child, but punishment for using powers to help people, such as saving Jae Min's life, seems counterintuitive. It makes me question the true purpose of the VCS entirely.
Tippy: Watching him throw that syringe in the ocean, I was like NUUUUU! For him to do that, knowing full well what it would cost, he must have felt so desolate. I appreciated that he stopped Ma Ri from using her full strength and sorta took one for the team in order to save Jae Min. He didn't have to do that, and goodness knows Jae Min isn't his favorite person, but it was like a final unselfish act. Something that must have felt good on his conscience in those last moments before the sun rose. I'm really really hoping that wasn't the last we see of Shi Hoon as we know him. Be nice to have a chance to see his other redeemable qualities.
Wendilynn: I think Shi Hoo's main concern was to keep Ma Ri from using her powers to save Jae Min. To keep her from ending up getting a maximum sentence. Of course, she later uses her powers to save Jae Min in the water anyway, but didn't seem to get the jail time for that. So, I'm not sure what to think. I agree though that this show has made the VCS a very, very scary entity. I just can't believe he would take his life that way. I'm just stunned.
Kate: Now, the possible suicide of Shi Hoo is understandably a big attention getter in this episode, but I want to call attention to Ma Ri a little. Sure, her trials were a little smaller, but being discovered by Ara so quickly? Being outed just weeks into attending her new school and starting to fit in? Having to suck it up and ignore the crush she was just able to open up to and he to her about their feelings? (And yes, losing her friend Shi Hoo too.) I wanted to give the poor girl a hug.
Tippy: Stupid Ara and her perfectly quaffed lob, I just wanna punch her! You're so jealous over a boy, that you're gonna put someone else's security at risk? Real classy, kid.
Wendilynn: This is where I wish Ara was the character that became her best friend in the manhwa. But instead, they had to bring in the second lead witch. Of course, in Ara's defense, she did walk in on Ma Ri almost drinking Jae Min's blood. That is going to catch anybody's attention. And it's not like the kids in this school are vampire friendly.
Kate: Defend Ara if you must. I, for now, am reserving the right to enjoy disliking her every time she is on the screen. I haven't seen her redeeming characteristics yet-if she will have any, that is. Then again, she is kind of the least fleshed out character so far, so maybe we'll learn about her blind mother she supports with a part time job or how she is an orphan, or something like that.
Tippy: Here here, Kate. My sentiments exactly~ While we're on the topic of drama cliches, can we please discuss Jae Min's inconveniently convenient bout amnesia? As soon as he said "Who…", I was about ready to toss my desk. (>.<;) I mean, Ma Ri kind of got an excuse to start fresh in terms of where they stood, but y'all know that plot device has been used far too many times. Also, can I say that in that last scene, I thought our boy was seriously trippin'...until I saw the preview for next week, that is.
Wendilynn: Oh, the amnesia. I've written about how I feel about this particular trope before. I will say however, that this use seems valid. Not just thrown in to fill up a couple more episodes with useless time wasting. He's had a shock he wasn't ready for and couldn't accept. Even if he was willing to love Ma Ri as she was, it was still too much for him to take in. But, I'm not sure how I feel about the time jump to the Joseon period that we saw in the previews. I mean, it's great that we'll get to see Shi Hoo again, but it was just another shock to an already surprising episode.
Kate: That part I am willing to give a little benefit of the doubt, especially if it might validate the amnesia (past life occurrence, maybe?), or give us some richer context to the vampire-human treaty mentioned in episode 1. Then again, maybe Ara and Ma Ri were long lost half sisters. Who knows where we'll be by the end of the next episode?
Looks like our three amigos (and us viewers) are in for quite an adventure. Check back next week to see what the future (...errr...past?) holds. What scenes stood out for you? What are you expecting to happen? Feel free to post your thoughts and theories in the comments section below.
For more from your Orange Marmalade drama club look for us at:
Wendilynn: As the Kimchi Turns |Facebook |Google+ |DF video drama club | Dear Mom
Tippy: DF profile
Kate: DF profile
For other Orange Marmalade episode reviews:
[Episode 1-2] [Episode 3]


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Eva's Satellite opens in response to a request from the City of Toronto
Eva's Place opens its doors to help Toronto's homeless youth
Named in honour of Eva Smith, a community outreach worker and counsellor who knew and understood people in despair, particularly youth.
She was a woman of action, determination and persistence, traits that continue to influence the work of Eva's Initiatives even today.
Toronto Blue Jay Paul Molitor donates his MVP van to Eva's Place
Eva's and North York General Hospital form a partnership
Problem: A Canada Post strike halts our year end fundraising.
Solution: Create a signature holiday event
Toronto Firefighters save the day with a $10,000 gift
Meant to be a temporary 6 month support, Satellite's first home was in abandoned underground office/old traffic control space.
Eva's is the first recipient of Canadian Auto Workers Social Justice Fund - Millennium Fund
Eva's Phoenix opens it doors
Often cited as a best practice model of private and public partnerships in creating long-term solutions for the homeless crisis
A doctor visits Eva's Place every Tuesday, turning the front reception into a makeshift clinic.
Eva's Family Reconnect Program Launches
With a family-centered approach, the goal is to help families resolve complex relationship issues, develop positive relationships, increase communication, and, where possible, divert youth from the shelter system.
Eva`s Print Shop begins operations
Aimed at providing homeless and at-risk youth with technical skills that prepare them for entry-level employment in the print and graphics industries.
Launched Eva`s National Initiatives
National Learning Community on Youth Homelessness
Mobilizing Local Capacity to End Youth Homelessness Program
Harlem International Film Festival inspires and entertains by honoring films that offer honest, thought-provoking portrayals of our world.
Youth produced documentary
A Sheltered Life
wins at New York Harlem International Film Festival
Selected by Service Canada as principle organization delivering employment programming for homeless/at-risk youth in City of Toronto
Eva`s Satellite gets a new home
Our brand new, purpose built Eva's Satellite.
Lady Gaga visits Eva's Phoenix
"When I heard about Eva's Phoenix, I was really excited because this is the kind of place I believe in."
- Lady Gaga
Official Opening of the Buzz Hargrove Training Centre
June 2008, long-time supporter and CAW president Buzz Hargrove retirement party supporting Eva's Initiatives
A New Home for Eva`s Phoenix
Construction is currently underway with a move in date of end of 2015
Eva`s Print Shop Official Supplier of the Pan Am/ ParaPan Am Organizing Committee
Initiated a Youth Mental Health Strategy Partnership
4-Star Charity Rating from Charity Intelligence
One of only 6 youth serving charities
One of only 72 charities in Canada
20 Years
Thanks to YOU!
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Eva's AGM 2014 20th Anniversary Timeline
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Eva's Initiativeson 24 September 2014
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And what better way to spend New Years Eve than reading through your memory jar with your family?? Love it!
Here's the tutorial if you'd like to make a memory jar at home:
What you need:
- Mason jar with lid
- cute paper for label
- ribbon &/or twine to decorate
- glue gun, scissors, hole punch
- Sharpie
- If you decide to use ribbon: Wrap ribbon around jar & mark where it overlaps. Cut your ribbon to desired length. Attach ribbon to back of jar with a dot of hot glue & wrap it tightly around the jar. You may want to add a few more dots of hot glue to make sure the ribbon is firmly attached to the glass. Use hot glue to seal the ribbon seam on the back of jar.
- If you decide to use twine: Wrap twine around jar 4-6 times to achieve the desired look. Add approximately 6 more inches to allow enough twine to tie a bow or knot & cut twine to desired length. Attach twine to back of jar with a dot of hot glue & wrap it tightly around the jar repeatedly until you're happy with how it looks. You may want to use a few additional dot of hot glue to firmly attach the twine to the glass. Tie the twine in a bow or knot.
- Use paper to make a label. You can use scrapbook paper or a label template such as this one. Use Sharpie to write "Family Memories" or "2013" or whatever you want.
- Once your label is completed, attach it to your jar either with a dot of hot glue or by hole-punching it & threading it onto your twine.
- Write your family's happenings on slips of paper throughout the year & add to your jar of memories!
Click here to read about another family's memory jar... they've been doing it for several years now.


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Swords may not pierce your ridiculously high armor class and arrows may not penetrate your off the chart damage reduction, but rest assured, Arcane Outbreak, by LJP Design, has a potent enough disease that can take your character out, or at least halt him a bit.
Arcane Break is a collection of unique diseases that are more elaborate than the diseases found in the DMG. Each of the ten gets at least a page of description and horrifying consequences as the disease progresses. Each of the diseases have a diverse origin that distinguishes it from the others in the book. The writers go outside the box of the norm by including methods of getting the disease such as watching a suicide and healing someone. There is even an STD in the book, handled very tastefully, for those riskier campaigns.
The book also contains a collection of feats that give potent powers to those whom have contracted diseases. You might take some ability loss, but gain a disabling breath weapon in return.
For the Player
Towards the back of the book, is a prestige class, the Phage Touched, that turns you into a walking plague victim. I enjoyed this class as similar classes usually require the PC to be evil or chaotic. This one has no alignment requirement which makes it far more versatile. The class gets some cool abilities such as making frightening visages and disease infection. The feats are all useful, but the consequences for taking them may not sit well with too many players. Take the Insomnia disease which permanently fatigues the character, though prevents you from being tired.
For the Dungeon Master
I like that many of the diseases in this book can be snuck into a campaign in random events and have a great impact on an adventure. A pc can go to investigate a murder and catch the suicide causing Dirge or go to heal an individual and later find out they have the Black Touch.
The Iron Word
The ironic thing is that the biggest negative to this book is not in the book itself but in the rules of 3.5. There are some great diseases in Arcane Outbreak but I doubt that the average PC will have anything less than the first onslaught of symptoms do the easy cure disease rules in the rules. Unless a PC is secluded in a far off dungeon, they would likely be able to visit a church or a paladin and be cured rather quickly. That is why I suggest using some alternative disease rules to give diseases more or a lasting or lingering effect. Then pick up Arcane Outbreak and watch your PCs think twice about curing that random NPC.
<b>LIKED</b>: - 10 diseases all of which have different descriptions that make each sound horrible enough to stay away from


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DER Documentary
Seeking the First Americanswatch a preview
From the Odyssey series
by Graham Chedd
Executive Producer, Michael Ambrosino
color, 59 min, 1980
Non-profit, K-12, and Individual pricing also available
See pricing information and conditions
The earliest inhabitants of the New World came across the Bering Sea land bridge that opened as a result of glaciation, which lowered the level of the sea and connected the continents of Asia and America. The question of when these people walked from Siberia is still debated by archaeologists. In 1932, a site excavated near Clovis, New Mexico, yielded the bones of extinct animals in association with man-made, skillfully fluted stone points. With the development of radiocarbon dating in the late 1940s, it was determined that "Clovis man" had lived between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago. Finely flaked Clovis stone tools have been discovered throughout North America, suggesting an extraordinarily rapid spread - either of ideas and technology, or of people. Presumably Clovis men and women moved across the land, hunting large animals (mammoth, bison, saber-toothed tiger) with stone points hafted to spears, and collecting wild fruits, thistle leaves, yucca pods, roots, and nuts.
This film addresses a number of puzzles associated with the discovery of early man in America, in addition to the question of diffusion of ideas versus migration of people. What accounts for the rapid growth of Clovis culture across the continent, and for its rather quick demise: within a thousand years, American megafauna (except for bison) were extinct, and Clovis stone tool technology had been replaced by other forms. Does Clovis culture represent the earliest human occupation of this area, or did peoples perhaps 40,000 years ago leave less recognizable evidence of themselves?
If bone tools preceded stone, how can scientists determine whether a broken piece of bone has been modified by man, and not simply crunched by a large bear? What can we learn from experimental archaeology: making stone tools, or butchering a bison with a Clovis-style knife? These and other questions are explored by several archaeologists involved in the search for evidence of the earliest Americans, from the Old Crow Basin in Alaska, to sites in Texas and Wyoming.
About Odyssey Series In an attempt to cut the often esoteric ice of anthropology, PBS released in 1980 the first season of ODYSSEY, a newly-created series of anthropological documentaries, with a second season in 1981. The entire series was produced by Public Broadcasting Associates of Boston, with major funding by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Additional funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and Polaroid. Michael Ambrosino is the Executive Producer of the series.
Film Festivals, Screenings, Awards
CINE Golden Eagle
American Film Festival Finalist
View more photos on www.flickr.com
Other films in the Odyssey series:
The Ancient Mariners
Ben's Mill
The Chaco Legacy
Dadi's Family
Franz Boas
The Incas
Little Injustices
Maasai Women
Margaret Mead: Taking Note
Maya Lords of the Jungle
Myths and the Moundbuilders
N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman
Ongka's Big Moka
On the Cowboy Trail
Other People's Garbage
The Three Worlds of Bali


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Kerry County Council will publish a call for tenders this week for a major enhancement of one of Killarney's busiest streets. €300,000 will... more
A Kerry company has raised €21,500 for children's charities. TLI Group, which has its headquarters in Abbeydorney, chooses charities to... more
The new head of the Kerry Garda Division says he'll be targeting suicide in the coming year. Chief Superintendent Tom Myers says he's... more
The new Kerry Chief Superintendent says previous roles including being head of the Cork city drugs squad will benefit him in his new position. Chief... more
Children from second class at St Treasa's National School in Kilflynn, have been demonstrating what the true spirit of Christmas is all about.... more
22 12 2016
21 12 2016
20 12 2016


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Newest Songs
Have a question or comment on a song? Our Program Director Chuck O'Dell would love to know what you think!
On Fire by Sanctus Real
Through All of It By Colton Dixon
Broken Together by Casting Crowns
Because He Lives (Amen) by Matt Maher
The Hand That Holds the Storm by Veritas
Faith To Believe by Shane & Shane
Shoulders by For King & Country
Jesus Loves Me by Chris Tomlin
Hallelujah For The Cross by Newsboys
Come As You Are by Crowder
Mercy by Matt Redman
Overwhelmed by Big Daddy Weave
Glorious Unfolding by Steven Curtis Chapman
Greater by Mercy Me
Open Up The Heavens by Meredith Andrews
Looking for a place to buy the latest music?
Promise FM works closely with the Majesty Bible and Books in Visalia.
Majesty Bible and Books is located at
226 E Caldwell Ave in Visalia, CA
(559) 635-0732.


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Intercultural communication is becoming increasingly important in today's global environment where personal and professional success implies the ability to communicate across cultures and to draw from all perspectives, experiences and worldviews. This ability to see beyond one's own culture promotes empathy for others while encouraging a degree of critical thinking about one's own cultural position.
At Red River College, The Intercultural Mentorship Program looks at offering students and staff opportunities to make friends, learn about other cultures, develop awareness of own cultural lens, strengthening the sense of community and creating a welcoming and inclusive campus. It is an experiential program, i.e. "learning by doing", engaging participants in intercultural interactions, encouraging reflection and critical thinking and enhancing or developing skills or new ways of thinking, and contributing to Community Engagement Service Learning.
The Intercultural Mentorship Program is a one-on-one Local-Global Partnership, where an immigrant/international student is matched with a Canadian-raised student or staff for intercultural exchange, practice of communication skills and friendship over the course of a term. It is also an opportunity for participants to practice their leadership skills, to collaborate in establishing goals and planning activities as well as exploring Winnipeg together. And…most importantly: have fun!
Students from all academic programs can apply.
Commitment is 10 hours of time over the course of a term. The program runs twice a year and starts at the beginning of the fall and the winter academic terms.
The program is a voluntary opportunity. However, some academic programs also partner with the Diversity and Intercultural Services department to offer the Intercultural Mentorship Program as a graded assignment option to students.
The roll out for Term 1, 2018-19 is as follows:
Applications by: September 16, 2018
Attend your orientation by: October 5, 2018
Complete your meeting hours by: December 2, 2018
Complete reflection survey and meeting log by: December 2, 2018
"Not only finding someone to be there and help you but also putting yourself out there to explore new experiences and finding your own way to blend in the community but still state who you are and where you are from."– Global Mentor
"I feel the program benefitted me most in that just not making assumptions but asking questions to get to know someone in a nonjudgmental way is a good way to start to know someone. So that I can build cross-cultural skills." – Local Mentor
Making a World of Difference Award
Upon the successful completion of the Intercultural Mentorship Program, mentors can apply for the Making a World of Difference Award.


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MIAMI (CBSMiami) – A popular Miami rapper was shot to death in front of a Liberty City car wash Monday evening. Now police are trying to figure out what led to this deadly shooting.
Robert Labranche, known to fans as "Bizzle," was shot around 8 p.m. at 770 NW 54th Street. Two of his children were in the car just feet away when he was murdered; neither child was hurt.
As word of the shooting spread, hundreds of family members and friends went to the scene of the shooting.
"You can see it man, he's loved everywhere, everywhere, he's a lovable guy," said Robert Parker. "It happened in front of his kids, it's a tragedy, it's sad, it's real sad."
At one point, police were forced to move the crowd back after family members rushed past the crime tape toward the body.
"All I ask is whoever did it, they gotta turn themselves in," said Parker.
Labranche is not associated with Mark J. Felder, a Houston, Texas-based rapper who also goes by the name "Bizzle."
Anyone with information on the shooting is urged to call Miami-Dade Crime Stoppers at (305) 471-TIPS.


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ColourPop Super Shock Blush
#41 in Blush
Product Description
Fingertips will provide the highest amount of coverage. Brush suggestions: Use a flat synthetic cheek/ foundation brush or a short duo fiber brush; flat synthetic brush will give more coverage and the duo fiber brush will give a more sheer, air brushed effect. WHEN FINISHED: Close that sucker up tight! Don't leave the jar opened for long periods of time; you may lose some of the magic that makes the Super Shock Cheek so amazzzing. Colour builds from natural- looking flushed looks to more intense bright looks. … Build to your heart's desire!
Ingredients: synthetic fluorphlogopite, cyclopentasiloxane, dimethicone, boron nitride, trimethylsiloxysilicate, c30-45 alkyl cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, isododecane, cyclohexasiloxane, calcium aluminum borosilicate*, aluminum calcium sodium silicate*, calcium sodium borosilicate*, polyethylene terephthalate*, polyurethane-33*, alumina*, dimethicone/vinyltrimethylisiloxysilicate crosspolymer, cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract, mangifera indica (mango) seed butter, silica*, phenoxyethanol, dimethiconol, disteardimonium hectorite, glycine soja (soybean) oil, hydrogenated polybutene*, palmitic acid*, propylene carbonate, ethylhexylglycerin, tin oxide*. [+/- aluminum powder (ci 77000), blue 1 lake (ci 42090), bismuth oxychloride (ci 77163), bronze powder (ci 77400), carmine (ci 75470), chromium oxide green (ci 77288), copper powder (ci 77400), d&c red 34 (ci 15880:1), ferric ferrocyanide (ci 77510), green 5 (ci 61570), iron oxides (ci 77491, ci 77492, ci 77499), manganese violet (ci 77742), mica (ci 77019), red 6 (ci 15850), red 6 lake (ci 15850), red 7 (ci 15850:1), red 7 lake (ci 15850), red 21 (ci 45380:2), red 27 (ci 45410:1), red 27 lake (ci 45410), red 28 lake (ci 45410), red 30 lake (ci 73360), red 40 lake (ci 16035), titanium dioxide (ci 77891), ultramarines (ci 77007), yellow 5 (ci 19140), yellow 5 lake (ci 19140:1), yellow 6 lake (ci 15985), yellow 10 lake (ci 47005)]. *may be part of a pigment setsee more...
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- "i love the color of this blush. it is a nice nude pink that is wearable for everyday. i was a bit intimidated by how to apply this since it is a cream texture. i tried a sponge and it was hard to pick up the product on it, so i tried my real techniques stippling brush and it is perfect!! the brush picks up the blush easily and then it works well to stipple it onto my cheeks. it also sits well on top of powder if you like to powder your face. i like this blush a lot, but i'm not sure if i'm going to repurchase it when i use it up." in 51 reviews
See All Photos & Videos


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This year I had the opportunity to attend BWE09, better known as Blog World and New Media Expo 2009. This event took place from October 15-17 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Unlike many of the 2500 attendees this was my first year participating. And unlike many attendees I did not spend my days there blogging, tweeting, or otherwise updating my friends and followers. I just tried to take in the process, that is I tried to listen and learn. And hopefully, I will be able to care for and serve some, if not all, of Webconsuls' clients. I actually thought about writing this post as soon as I returned home or even while I waited in the Las Vegas Airport, but then it occurred to me that it would be better to really write about BWE09 looking in the rear view mirror. So here are some of my "bytes" on BWE09.
- While I have been participating in blogging for about two years and I am on Facebook and have a Twitter account, I would not rate myself as someone that knows everyone in the blogging and new media world; therefore, attending this event was not about hooking up with old friends, but meeting new people and learning from the "experts."
- The exhibitors were varied and engaging. I enjoyed talking to people from all over the world, like the Zemanta team from Slovania (and, yes, I intend to learn more about their product). The ArmyStrongStories.com team was engaging and they had a great display. And then of course, I enjoyed speaking to Robby Berthyme who was representing wheretogetengaged.com
- Brian Solis moderated a good keynote discussion about the "New Celebrity" with Anthony Edwards, Jermaine Dupri and Robin Antin. All of these participants made it very clear that if you are using Twitter, Facebook, etc...you need to be yourself, engage with people, and manage your own accounts (don't hire a staff to do this). Write about yourself or your cause, don't just keep re-tweeting!
- One "outtake" from this keynote discussion is that I found it incredible how rude 70% of the audience appeared to be behaving. This was an hour long presentation and it was beyond me why people could not just sit and "listen", as opposed to working on their laptops, running their fingers over their iPhones or thumbing it on their Blackberry. This behavior was annoying and to top it off, even though they were really not paying attention, they would join in the intermittent applause like robots or dummies.
- Dave Peck of LSF Interactive was interesting and provocative in his conference "How to Socialize Your Content". I just discovered that he posted many of his "rules" here for the small business owner. His advice I intend to try to incorporate into Webconsuls and to share with our clients.
- I really enjoyed the conference "How Twits Lay Golden Eggs - The Art of Social Engagement for Business"...Chris Brogan and Laura Fitten had a lot to offer and they did not make the audience feel inept, but offered real guidance.
- Dan attended this conference for Webconsuls also. It was interesting to watch Dan, who had not been to Las Vegas since he was 13! It was great to attend the conferences and then share what we had learned.
- Las Vegas is an aging city and I don't think it is aging gracefully. As we rode the marvelous monorail I noticed that many of the buildings look dated and dirty on the outside, almost as if the original architectural plan did not allow for majestic aging. Many strange and vacant lots can be seen as you ride "behind" the strip.
- I don't think I am the only BWE09 participant that questioned the parties that BWE09 sponsored. As one person said on Twitter: "bwe09 parties are a lot like Twitter - noisy, loud, dark, and ineffective at organizing communication". I couldn't agree more! Imagine being at the Mirages' Jet Night Club with many of the same people who could not put down their laptops and iPhones during the keynotes, only it was too dark to read their nametags and the music was too loud for introductions. Another person echoed these sentiments: "The parties at #bwe09 remind me of college. How old are we? Where are the real parties?"
- Flying Southwest Airlines will be a subject for another post.
- Finally, I would like to thank the three ladies that shared a Hilton Limo with Dan and me. We were attempting to get a taxi to go to the airport and we found ourselves sharing a limo with Kim Rowley and Joanne Dinslage of Key Internet Marketing and Maarika Neudorf of Enterprise Estonia. We had a fun ride and got to meet three more BWE09 attendees.
Ok, that is it for today. I am going to get busy learning how to apply all that I learned - stay tuned. In the meantime enjoy the photo of Dan with the BWE09 "Change Girl" as he wins the iPod Shuffle.


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Occasionally in life – very occasionally – something may happen that is just too much for us to absorb right away. We are stunned by the magnitude that is beyond our normal experience. The enormity of the event may bludgeon us with grief, or it may float us in a happiness that swells into a tsunami of excitement. It takes a while to believe that such a tsunami is real, not a figment of one's imagination.
It happened in the first week of August 1974. Almost a year earlier, Elbert and I had completed the numerous forms and interviews required to be considered as parents of a child for adoption. We had waited for months and months, with no guarantees. We lived on hope. Finally on a Wednesday morning in August, the social worker called at our home. There was a baby for us… a baby girl. We would be parents in five days. Five days!
I immediately called Elbert at work and greeted him with, "guess what?" Somehow he managed to guess correctly, without a second of hesitation.
My excitement swirled around me, lifting my body in a bubble of amazed disbelief. I made a few more calls. My friend B.G. Boyle was one of the first to know, and she told me to come on over to her place, just a couple of blocks away.
In a euphoric fog, I could hardly believe my incredibly exciting news. Was this all really happening? Would I actually be a mother in five days? I semi-listened as B.G. explained that she wanted to host a baby shower for me. And what about this recipe for strawberry cake? She would like to serve it at the shower. She showed me the picture in a recent magazine – a yellow sheet cake with pink strawberry swirls, crowned with strawberry frosting.
I stared at the glossy photo. It occurred to me that this cake wasn't abstract — it was a tangible object. It was then that I realized:
If B.G. is baking this very real cake for my baby shower, then I must be getting a baby — a very real baby. A baby that we will name Karen Lavonne.
The strawberry cake convinced me.


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Hello Everyone! We've been on a bit of a break (the holidays get a little crazy around here!) but working on getting back to keeping you up to speed with the latest and greatest in wedding DIY!
With that in mind we wanted to take a moment to share a bit of our own wedding with you. We decided to create a save the date postcard rather than a traditional item that might be included in a regular envelope since we loved the chic style of the postcard design and it also comes with extra perk that postcard stamps are more cost effective than traditional postage, how great is that!?
Our postcard, along with the remaining invitation suite are designed by the lovely Ms. Tammy Lyon with Uniquity Invitations (if you missed our feature on her fabulous company, here it is to check out all her DIY invitation templates)
We also wanted to let you know about a great printing resource we found as well! Next Day Flyers did an incredible job printing our save the date postcards and at an unbelievable price point! The paper quality and vibrant colors have made us future customers (we're going to be using them to print our entire invitation set!) and we couldn't wait to pass on this terrific resource.
The bonus to having them printed by an outside source means that they came to us already cut which saved a great deal of time. They offer you the option to have your items printed with a glossy or matte finish (we've opted to go with the matte finish but have no doubt the glossy finish would look sharp as well). If you absolutely needed your items asap just get them uploaded before 6pm their time and voila, they'll be in your hands the next day! And if you have more time on your hands select the option for regular ground delivery and just watch how it decreases your price point even further! Long story short, this is a fantastic resource for printing your own DIY invitations. Enjoy!!


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- Home
- Bible verses about Self-control
- Galatians 5:22-23
Galatians 5:22-23 HD Wallpaper
Bible Verse : But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law. - Galatians 5:22-23
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Papaver somniferum 'Burnt Orange'
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text:
Hello! I am Joe.
I've lived in Wise County since 1992, and am glad to call it my home. I've been a staff photographer for the Wise County Messenger since 2001, serving my community as best I can by showing them what I see.
I've also been published in numerous newspapers and magazines across the country. I'm proud to have won awards including some from the Texas Press Association, National Newspaper Association, PopPhoto, Society of Professional Journalist, and 2003 Nikon International.
I share many of my photos regularly on Flickr, where you can find much of my work that has run in the Messenger, as well as much of it that has not. I blog about a some of these at Jusphophun, where you can get a glimpse at how I go about capturing images, some of my thought processes, and of course see my latest work in all the glory of pixels.
If video strikes your fancy, you might check out this series entitled Simply People, all about individuals in Wise County who are amazing simply by going about their business. I also share other videos in the stories section of this site.
I'm self taught as a whole. I've studied with several masters over the years in every thing form advanced lighting to the moment. I've studied with greats such as Joe McNally, Eddie Soloway, and Jay Maisel, trying to understand and absorb their art through them, take from it what works for me and make it my own. Although I found their teaching valuable beyond belief, I still believe there is no substitute for camera in hand, taking in all that you see.
I also teach small beginning photography classes occasionally, which I really enjoy because it makes me reevaluate and validate all that I know before I send it out to the students.
Being an extremist in nature, I tend to either go all out with lighting to the point of even over-lighting or actually just living in the moment as a purist photographer with only available light. I find this makes me a diverse photographer and readily adaptable to any photographic situation.
My broader photographic interests include underwater, travel and nature photography. My hobbies include my fish, traveling, scuba diving, martial arts, and philosophy. The spirit of different cultures around the world fascinates me, looking for the truth in each and every one as a way of understanding my own better.
I believe you can tell a lot about people by the things that they enjoy in life. Being a lover of quotes, I would like to share one of my favorite ones with you, as I think it best describes my thoughts and feelings.
"Once more I am roaring drunk with the lust of life and adventure, and unbearable beauty...
Adventure seems to beset me on all quarters without my even searching for it…
Though not all my days are as wild as this, each one holds its surprises,
and I have seen almost more beauty than I can bear."
— Everett Ruess
The best comes from the camera when I get to the photographic high — living through the lens and absorbing that world. When I do that, everything else disappears. It's almost as if I have blinders on to the world, looking through one high and feeling everything that comes through that little eyepiece. It's the feeling I get when I hear the shutter, that all familiar sound — fingers wrapped around the right side of the camera, feeling the rubber; left hand on the simmering tension with the tip of the thumb and index finger; elbows locked in; fierce eyes... and just absorbing — doing my job. This justifies letting everything else go, becoming one with my tool, actually becoming one with the world and one with myself, through my lens.


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More Photos! More Video! More Ads? Facebook's News Feed Has A New Look
Facebook unveiled a redesigned news feed today that included more and larger photos, greater prominence for video, and reorganized content that combines status updates and other info. Alongside these changes, users are being given the reins to better control the appearance of info on their feed pages.
Comparing the news feed to a "personalized newspaper," CEO Mark Zuckerberg said during the news conference today that, "We believe the best personalized newspaper should have a broad diversity of content. It should have high quality public content from world renown news sources and locally and socially relevant updates from family and friends and the people around you."
The Wall Street Journal includes a number of photos from the feed, noting that it appears to be taking cues from the mobile interface. (Mobile is a big part of the company's strategy.)
It also draws from Instagram, which the company purchased for $1 billion last year, "focusing [on] larger visuals while still having a level of interactivity." Those who would like to incorporate content from places like Pinterest will also be able to do with greater ease and flair, says the Journal.
The redesign, BusinessWeek says, is also meant to attract more advertisers. Facebook, remember, is a public company and though it is the most popular social network in the world, there's recent data showing that young people are splitting their time a little more between Facebook and other networks like Snapchat. Also, there's recent research from Pew showing that more people are taking Facebook breaks.


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|29 September 2006
|Mid-air collision, as a result of ATC error and pilot error on the Legacy jet with TCAS turned off
200 km (120 mi) east
of Peixoto de Azevedo
Mato Grosso, Brazil
|Total fatalities
|154 (all on Boeing 737)
|Total survivors
|7 (all on Embraer Legacy 600)
|First aircraft
PR-GTD, the aircraft lost in the accident,
at Rio de Janeiro six days before the crash
|Boeing 737-8EH
|Gol Transportes Aéreos
|Flight origin
|Eduardo Gomes International Airport, Manaus, Brazil
|Brasília International Airport
Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|Second aircraft
An Embraer Legacy 600, similar to
the aircraft damaged in the accident
|Embraer Legacy 600
|ExcelAire (delivery flight)
|Flight origin
|São José dos Campos Regional Airport, Brazil
|Eduardo Gomes International Airport, Brazil
|7 (all)
Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 (ICAO: GLO 1907) was a Boeing 737-8EH, registration PR-GTD, on a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Manaus, Brazil, to Rio de Janeiro. On 29 September 2006, at 16:56 BRT, it collided in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet over the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. All 154 passengers and crew on board the Boeing 737 died when the aircraft broke up in mid-air and crashed into an area of dense jungle, while the Embraer Legacy, despite sustaining serious damage to its left wing and tail, landed safely with its seven occupants uninjured.[3][4][5] The accident has become known as the Mato Grosso mid-air collision.
The accident, which triggered a crisis in Brazilian civil aviation, was the deadliest in that country's aviation history at the time, surpassing VASP Flight 168, which crashed in 1982 with 137 fatalities near Fortaleza.[6] It was subsequently surpassed by TAM Airlines Flight 3054, which crashed on 17 July 2007 with 199 fatalities. It was also the first crash of a Boeing 737-800, and the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737 (all series) aircraft at that time, eventually surpassed by Air India Express Flight 812, which crashed at Mangalore, India, on 22 May 2010 with 158 fatalities.
The accident was investigated by both the Brazilian Air Force's Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (Portuguese: Centro de Investigação e Prevenção de Acidentes Aeronáuticos (CENIPA)) and the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), with a final report issued in 2008. CENIPA concluded that the accident was caused by errors committed both by air traffic controllers and by the American pilots on the delivery flight of the Embraer Legacy, while the NTSB determined that all pilots acted properly and were placed on a collision course by a variety of "individual and institutional" air traffic control errors.[3][4][7][8]
- 1 Aircraft and crew
- 2 Collision
- 3 Detention and charging of Embraer crew
- 4 Search and recovery operation
- 5 Investigation
- 6 Final reports
- 7 Aftermath
- 8 In popular culture
- 9 See also
- 10 Notes
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Aircraft and crew[edit]
Boeing aircraft and crew[edit]
|Final tally of passenger nationalities
|United States
|South Africa
The Gol Transportes Aéreos twin turbofan Boeing 737-8EH aircraft, was a new Short Field Performance variant,[9] with 186 seats (36 Economy Plus and 150 Economy seats).[10] It made its first flight on 22 August 2006 and was delivered to Gol on 12 September 2006, less than three weeks before the accident.
There were six crew members and 148 passengers on board the Boeing airliner.[11] The six crew members and 105 of the passengers were Brazilian; the remaining passengers were of various other nationalities (see table). The crew consisted of Captain Decio Chaves Jr., 44, First Officer Thiago Jordão Cruso, 29, and four flight attendants. The captain, who had also been serving as a Boeing 737 flight instructor for Gol, had 15,498 total flight hours, with 13,521 in Boeing 737 aircraft. The first officer had 3,981 total flight hours, with 3,081 in Boeing 737 aircraft.[3]
Gol Flight 1907 (ICAO code "GLO 1907") departed Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus on 29 September 2006, at 15:35 Brazil Standard Time (BRT) (18:35 UTC),[note 1] en route to Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport, with a planned intermediate stop at Brasília International Airport.[3]
Embraer aircraft and crew[edit]
The twin turbofan Embraer Legacy 600 business jet, serial number 965 and registration N600XL, newly built by Embraer and purchased by ExcelAire Service Inc. of Ronkonkoma, New York, was on a delivery flight by ExcelAire from the Embraer factory to the U.S. It departed from São José dos Campos-Professor Urbano Ernesto Stumpf Airport (SJK), near São Paulo, at 14:51 BRT, and was on its way to Eduardo Gomes International Airport (MAO) in Manaus as a planned en route stop.[3]
The ExcelAire flight crew consisted of Captain Joseph Lepore, 42, and First Officer Jan Paul Paladino, 34, both U.S. citizens.[12][13] Lepore had been a commercial pilot for more than 20 years and had logged 9,388 total flight hours, with 5.5 hours in the Legacy 600. Paladino had been a commercial pilot for a decade and had accumulated more than 6,400 flight hours, including 317 hours flying as captain of Embraer ERJ-145 and ERJ-135 jet aircraft for American Eagle Airlines. (The ERJ-145 and ERJ-135 aircraft are regional jets of the same family as the Legacy.) Paladino had also served as first officer for American Airlines, flying MD-82, MD-83 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft between the U.S. and Canada. Both pilots were legally qualified to fly the Embraer Legacy as captain.[3]
The five passengers consisted of two Embraer employees, two ExcelAire executives, and The New York Times business travel columnist Joe Sharkey, who was writing a special report for Business Jet Traveler.[14][15][16]
At 16:56:54 BRT, the 737 and the Legacy collided almost head-on at 37,000 feet (11,000 m), approximately midway between Brasília and Manaus, near the town of Matupá, 750 kilometers (470 mi) southeast of Manaus.[18][19][20] The left winglet of the Embraer cut off about half of the Gol plane's left wing. This caused the Boeing to nosedive and enter an uncontrollable spin, which quickly led to an in-flight breakup and crash into an area of dense rainforest, 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of the municipality of Peixoto de Azevedo.[21] All 154 passengers and crew on board died and the aircraft was destroyed, with the wreckage scattered in pieces around the crash site.[3]
The Embraer jet, despite serious damage to the left horizontal stabilizer and left winglet, was able to continue flying, though its autopilot disengaged and it required an unusual amount of force on the yoke to keep the wings level.[3][22][note 2]
With radio relay assistance from Polar Air Cargo Flight 71, a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft flying in the area at the time, the Embraer's crew successfully landed the crippled jet at Cachimbo Airport, part of Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso, a large military complex of the Força Aérea Brasileira at about 160 kilometers (100 mi) from the collision point.[3][22]
Passenger and journalist Joe Sharkey described his experience on board the Embraer in an article for The New York Times, titled "Colliding With Death at 37,000 Feet, and Living", filed on 1 October 2006:[12]
And it had been a nice ride. Minutes before we were hit, I had wandered up to the cockpit to chat with the pilots, who said the plane was flying beautifully. I saw the readout that showed our altitude: 37,000 feet. I returned to my seat. Minutes later came the strike (it sheared off part of the plane's tail, too, we later learned).
Detention and charging of Embraer crew[edit]
Immediately after the Embraer's emergency landing at the Cachimbo Airport, BAF and Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC) officials detained and interviewed its flight crew.[15] The officials also removed the two "black boxes"—Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and Flight Data Recorder (FDR)—from the Embraer, and sent them to São José dos Campos, São Paulo, and from there to Ottawa, Canada, for analysis.[3][15]
In an initial deposition, the Embraer flight crew testified that they were cleared to flight level 370, approximately 37,000 feet (11,000 m) above mean sea level, by Brasilia ATC, and were level at that assigned altitude when the collision occurred. They also asserted that at the time of the collision they had lost contact with Brasilia ATC, and their anti-collision system did not alert them to any oncoming traffic.[23]
On 2 October 2006, the Embraer's captain and first officer were ordered by the Mato Grosso Justice Tribunal to surrender their passports pending further investigation. The request, made by the Peixoto de Azevedo prosecutor,[24] was granted by judge Tiago Sousa Nogueira e Abreu, who stated that the possibility of pilot error on the part of the Embraer crew could not be ruled out.[25] The Embraer crew were forced to remain in Brazil until their passports were released to them on 5 December 2006, more than two months after the accident, after federal judge Candido Ribeiro ruled there were no legal grounds for "restricting the freedom of motion of the foreigners."[26][27]
Prior to their scheduled departure to the United States, the crew were formally charged by Brazilian Federal Police with "endangering an aircraft", which carries a penalty of up to 12 years in prison. The pilots had to explain why they did not turn on the transponder.[28] The two pilots were allowed to leave the country after signing a document promising to return to Brazil for their trial or when required by Brazilian authorities. They picked up their passports and flew back to the U.S.[29][30]
Search and recovery operation[edit]
The Brazilian Air Force sent five fixed-wing aircraft and three helicopters to the region for an extensive search and rescue (SAR) operation. As many as 200 personnel were reported to be involved in the operation, among them a group of Kayapo people familiar with the forest.[31] The crash site of Gol Flight 1907 was spotted on 30 September by the BAF, at coordinates 10°29′S 53°15′W / 10.483°S 53.250°WCoordinates: 10°29′S 53°15′W / 10.483°S 53.250°W,[32] 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Peixoto de Azevedo, near Fazenda Jarinã, a cattle ranch.[14][33] It was reported that rescue personnel had difficulty reaching the crash site due to the dense forest.[34] The Brazilian airport administrator Infraero at first indicated the possibility of five survivors, but a later statement from the Brazilian Air Force, based on data collected by BAF personnel who rappelled (abseiled) to the crash site and local police who assisted in the SAR effort, confirmed that there were no survivors.[35] Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva declared three days of national mourning.[36]
The flight data recorder and a non-data part of the cockpit voice recorder from the Boeing 737 were found on 2 October 2006 and handed over to the investigators, who sent them to the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, for analysis.[note 4][38][39] On 25 October 2006, after nearly four weeks of intensive searching in the jungle by about 200 Brazilian Army troops equipped with metal detectors, the memory module of the Boeing's cockpit voice recorder was found.[3] The module was discovered intact, separated from other wreckage pieces, embedded in about 20 centimetres (8 in) of soil, and was also sent for analysis by the TSB in Canada.[37][40]
On 4 October, the recovery crews began moving the bodies to the temporary base established at the nearby Jarinã ranch. The BAF deployed a C-115 Buffalo aircraft to transport the bodies to Brasília for identification.[41]
The recovery teams worked intensively for nearly seven weeks in a dense jungle environment, searching for and identifying the victims' remains. The final victim was recovered and identified by DNA testing by 22 November 2006.[42]
The accident was investigated by the Brazilian Air Force Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA) and the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The NTSB, in accordance with the provisions of ICAO Annex 13, participated in the investigation representing the state of manufacture of the Boeing, state of registry and operator of the Embraer, and state of manufacture of the Honeywell avionics equipment installed in both planes.[4]
Once the black boxes and communication transcripts were obtained, the investigators interviewed the ExcelAire's flight crew and the air traffic controllers, trying to piece together the scenario which allowed two modern jet aircraft, equipped with the latest anti-collision gear, to collide with each other while on instrument flights in positive control airspace.
The Embraer's flight plan consisted of flying at FL370 up to Brasilia,[note 5] on airway UW2, followed by a planned descent at Brasilia to FL360, proceeding outbound from Brasilia northwest-bound along airway UZ6 to the Teres fix,[note 6] an aeronautical waypoint located 282 nmi (324 mi, 522 km) northwest of Brasilia, where a climb to FL380 was planned. According to the filed flight plan, the Embraer was scheduled to have been level at FL380, proceeding towards Manaus, while passing the eventual collision point, which was about 307 kilometres (191 mi) northwest of Teres.
The Embraer's crew asserted in their depositions and subsequent interviews that they were cleared by air traffic control (ATC) to FL370 for the entire trip, all the way to Manaus.[3] The actual transcript of the clearance given to the Embraer's crew prior to takeoff at São José dos Campos at 14:41:57 BRT, as later released by CENIPA, was:[3]
November Six Zero Zero X-ray Lima, ATC clearance to Eduardo Gomes, flight level three seven zero direct Poços de Caldas, squawk transponder code four five seven four, after take-off perform Oren departure.
The Embraer's crew's altitude clearance to FL370 was further confirmed after their handoff to Brasilia, during which they had the following radio exchange with ATC at 15:51 BRT:[3][43]
|Brasilia, November six hundred X-ray Lima, level... flight level three seven zero, good afternoon.
|November six zero zero X-ray Lima, squawk ident, radar surveillance.[note 7]
This was the last two-way radio communication between the Embraer's crew and ATC prior to the collision.
Embraer flight and communication sequence[edit]
The Embraer took off from São José dos Campos at 14:51, reaching FL370 at 15:33, 42 minutes later, where it remained until the collision.[3]
ATC maintained normal two-way radio contact with the Embraer up until 15:51, when the last successful radio exchange with the Embraer was made on VHF frequency 125.05 MHz with Brasilia Center.[note 8] At that point the Embraer was just approaching the Brasilia VOR.[note 9] The Embraer overflew the Brasilia VOR at 15:55, four minutes later, and proceeded northwest-bound along UZ6. At 16:02, seven minutes after crossing the Brasilia VOR, secondary radar contact was lost with the Embraer, thus stopping the display of the Embraer's reported altitude (Mode C) on the controller's radar screen.[note 10]
No attempt was made by either the Embraer or Brasilia Center to contact each other from 15:51 until 16:26 when, 24 minutes after the loss of secondary radar contact,[note 11] Brasilia Center called the Embraer and received no reply.
Brasilia Center then unsuccessfully attempted to contact the Embraer six more times, between 16:30 and 16:34. At 16:30 the Embraer's primary radar target became intermittent, and disappeared completely from the radar screen by 16:38, eight minutes later. Brasilia Center unsuccessfully attempted to effect a handoff of the Embraer to Amazonic Center at 16:53, by calling the Embraer in the blind.[note 12]
The Embraer, on the other hand, started calling Brasilia Center,[note 13] also unsuccessfully, from 16:48 and continued with twelve more unsuccessful attempts until 16:53. Some limited contact was made at that point, but the Embraer was unable to copy the Amazonic Center frequencies.[note 14] The Embraer then continued its attempts to reach Brasilia Center, seven more times until the collision.
The collision occurred at 16:56:54 BRT at FL370,[3][22] and it was confirmed that neither Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) system had activated or alerted its respective crew, nor did any crew see the oncoming traffic visually or initiate any evasive action prior to the collision. While both planes were equipped with TCAS, it was later determined that the Embraer's transponder had ceased operating almost an hour earlier, at 16:02, rendering both planes unable to automatically detect each other.[3]
At 16:59:50, about three minutes after the collision, Amazonic Center started to receive the Embraer's secondary radar reply, with its correct altitude and last assigned code.[note 15] At 17:00:30 Amazonic Center unsuccessfully attempted to contact the Embraer by radio.
The Embraer started calling on the emergency frequency, 121.5 MHz, immediately after the collision, but as it was later determined in the CENIPA report, the emergency transceivers in the area were not operational and thus the crew was unable to reach ATC on that frequency.[3][22]
At 17:01:06 the Embraer established contact on the emergency frequency with a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft, Polar 71, which attempted to relay to ATC their request for an emergency landing, and continued to provide relay and translation assistance to the Embraer until its eventual landing.[3][22]
At 17:18:03 the Embraer contacted the Cachimbo Airport (SBCC) tower directly to coordinate its emergency landing there, and landed safely at Cachimbo at 17:23:00.[citation needed]
Gol 1907 flight and communication sequence[edit]
Gol 1907 took off from Manaus at 15:35, flying southeast-bound along UZ6 and reaching FL370 at 15:58, 23 minutes later, where it remained until the collision. There were no radio or radar contact problems with the flight until its handoff to Brasilia Center. There were no known attempts by ATC to warn Flight 1907 of the conflicting traffic.[3]
NTSB Safety Recommendation[edit]
On 2 May 2007, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a Safety Recommendation document that included an interim summary of the investigation to date, as well as some immediate safety recommendations that the NTSB believes should be implemented by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to enhance flight safety.[46] The NTSB reported that the Embraer apparently experienced a Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) outage, unknown to its flight crew prior to the collision, according to the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR):
Preliminary findings in the ongoing investigation indicate that, for reasons yet to be determined, the collision avoidance system in the Legacy airplane was not functioning at the time of the accident, thereby disabling the system's ability to detect and be detected by conflicting traffic. In addition, CVR data indicate that the flight crew was unaware that the collision avoidance system was not functioning until after the accident.
The NTSB added that the design of the Embraer's avionics is such that the non-functioning of the TCAS that apparently occurred is shown by a small static white text message, which may not be noticeable by the flight crew. The NTSB noted:
Using only static text messages to indicate a loss of collision avoidance system functionality is not a reliable means to capture pilots' attention because these visual warnings can be easily overlooked if their attention is directed elsewhere in the flight environment.
Based on its observations, the NTSB recommended to the FAA that design changes be implemented to improve the noticeability of TCAS annunciation, and that the FAA advise pilots of all aircraft to become more familiar with the details of this accident, potential loss of transponder and/or TCAS function, and how to recognize them.[4]
Final reports[edit]
On 10 December 2008, more than two years after the accident, the Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA) issued its final report, describing its investigation, findings, conclusions and recommendations.[3] The CENIPA report includes a "Conclusions" section that summarizes the known facts and lists a variety of contributing factors relating to both air traffic controllers and the ExcelAire's flight crew.[47][48] According to CENIPA, the air traffic controllers contributed to the accident by originally issuing an improper clearance to the Embraer, and not catching or correcting the mistake during the subsequent handoff to Brasilia Center or later on. CENIPA also found errors in the way the controllers handled the loss of radar and radio contact with the Embraer.[3][48]
CENIPA concluded that the ExcelAire pilots also contributed to the accident with, among others, their failure to recognize that their transponder was inadvertently switched off, thereby disabling the collision avoidance system on both aircraft, as well as their overall insufficient training and preparation.[3][48][49]
The U.S. NTSB issued its own report on the accident, which was also appended to the CENIPA report with the following Probable Cause statement:[4]
The evidence collected during this investigation strongly supports the conclusion that this accident was caused by N600XL and GOL1907 following ATC clearances which directed them to operate in opposite directions on the same airway at the same altitude resulting in a midair collision. The loss of effective air traffic control was not the result of a single error, but of a combination of numerous individual and institutional ATC factors, which reflected systemic shortcomings in emphasis on positive air traffic control concepts.
The NTSB further added the following contributing factors:
Contributing to this accident was the undetected loss of functionality of the airborne collision avoidance system technology as a result of the inadvertent inactivation of the transponder on board N600XL. Further contributing to the accident was inadequate communication between ATC and the N600XL flight crew.
Conflicting CENIPA and NTSB conclusions[edit]
While agreeing on most basic facts and findings, CENIPA and NTSB, which collaborated in the accident investigation, arrived at disagreeing interpretations and conclusions. The CENIPA report concludes the accident was caused by mistakes made both by air traffic controllers and by the ExcelAire pilots, whereas the NTSB focuses on the controllers and the ATC system, concluding that both flight crews acted properly but were placed on a collision course by the air traffic controllers.[4][7][8][50][51][52][53]
According to Aviation Week, "the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) strongly disagreed with the Brazilian conclusions regarding the Legacy pilots' actions as a causal factor, noting, 'The crew flew the route precisely as cleared and complied with all ATC instructions,' as did the GOL airlines crew."[7] Aviation Week adds that "the Brazilian military operates that country's air traffic control system, conducted the investigation and authored the report."[7]
Aviation crisis[edit]
The crash of Flight 1907 precipitated a major crisis in Brazil's civil aviation system, which included lengthy flight delays and cancellations, air traffic controller work-to-rule slowdowns and strikes, and public safety concerns about Brazil's airport and air traffic infrastructure.[54]
Historically, Brazil was ruled by its armed forces from 1964 until 1985.[55] Since then, a civilian government has taken over, but the country's airways (as of 2009[update]) continued to be controlled and operated by Brazil's air force (the Força Aérea Brasileira or "FAB") and run by FAB generals, overseen by a civilian defense minister. Most of Brazil's air traffic controllers are military non-commissioned officers, and all Area Control Centers are run by the FAB.[56]
In October 2006, as details surrounding the crash of Flight 1907 began to emerge, the investigation seemed to be at least partly focused on possible air traffic control errors. This led to increasing resentment by the controllers and exacerbated their already poor labor relations with their military superiors.[57] The controllers complained about being overworked, underpaid, overstressed, and forced to work with outdated equipment. Many have poor English skills, limiting their ability to communicate with foreign pilots, which played a role in crash of Flight 1907.[3] In addition, the military's complete control of the country's aviation was criticized for its lack of public accountability.[58][59]
Amid rising tensions, the air traffic controllers began staging a series of work actions, including slowdowns, walkouts, and even a hunger strike. This led to chaos in Brazil's aviation industry: major delays and disruptions in domestic and international air service, stranded passengers, canceled flights, and public demonstrations. Those who blamed various civilian and military officials for the growing crisis called for their resignation.[58]
On 26 July 2007, after an even deadlier crash in Brazil (TAM Airlines Flight 3054 on 17 July 2007) claimed the lives of 199 people, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva fired his defense minister, Waldir Pires, who had been in charge of the country's aviation infrastructure and safety since March 2006, and was widely criticized for their failures.[60] On the same day, Lula appointed former Supreme Court president Nelson Jobim to replace Pires, and vowed to improve Brazil's air traffic control system.[61]
Legal action[edit]
Civil litigation[edit]
On 6 November 2006, the families of ten of the deceased filed a lawsuit for negligence against ExcelAire and Honeywell, alleging that the ExcelAire pilots were flying at an "incorrect altitude" and that the Honeywell transponder was not functioning at the time of the collision.[62] Other suits were subsequently filed on behalf of other victims, with similar allegations against ExcelAire and Honeywell.[63] The victims' families also filed suits against other U.S. based defendants, including the two Embraer pilots, as well as Raytheon, Lockheed Martin and Amazon Tech (manufacturers of Brazil's air traffic control equipment), and ACSS (manufacturer of the Embraer's TCAS).[64]
The attorney representing the Embraer crew, Miami-based Robert Torricella, responded to the allegation that the crew was flying at an "incorrect altitude" by stating that according to international regulations, clearances and directives issued by ATC supersede a previously filed flight plan, and in this case:[65]
... the flight plan cleared by air traffic control at the time of departure required the Embraer to fly all the way to Manaus at 37,000 feet and, absent contrary directives from air traffic control, the Embraer was obligated to follow its cleared flight plan. As the findings of the investigation are made public, we are confident that ExcelAire's pilots will be exonerated.
A Honeywell spokesperson stated that "Honeywell is not aware of any evidence that indicates that its transponder on the Embraer Legacy was not functioning as designed or that Honeywell was responsible for the accident."[66]
On 2 July 2008, U.S. District Court judge Brian Cogan of the Eastern District of New York dismissed the families' suits against all the U.S. based defendants under the premise of forum non-conveniens. Without ruling on the merits of the cases, and while allowing discovery to continue, Cogan recommended the Brazilian court system as a more appropriate jurisdiction for the dispute.[64][67]
Criminal proceedings[edit]
On 1 June 2007, Murilo Mendes, a Brazilian federal judge in the small city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, near the crash site of the Boeing, indicted the two Embraer pilots and four Brasilia-based air traffic controllers for "exposing an aircraft to danger."[68] On 8 December 2008, he dismissed charges of negligence against the pilots, but left in place a charge of "imprudence". He also dismissed all charges against two of the four Brasilia-based controllers and reduced the charges against the other two, but supported bringing new charges against a fifth controller, based in São José dos Campos, the Embraer's departure point.[69][70][71] On 12 January 2010, his ruling was overturned by Judge Candido Ribeiro in a federal court in Brasilia, reinstating the negligence charges against the pilots.[72][73]
On 26 October 2010, a military court convicted air traffic controller Sgt. Jomarcelo Fernandes dos Santos, sentencing him to 14 months in jail for failing to take action when he saw that the Embraer's anti-collision system had been turned off. Santos will remain free pending the outcome of the appeal process. Four other controllers were acquitted for lack of proof.[74] On 17 May 2011, Judge Mendes sentenced air traffic controller Lucivando Tiburcio de Alencar to a term of up to three years and four months but ruled he is eligible to do community service in Brazil instead and acquitted Santos on charges of harming Brazil's air transport safety.[75]
On 16 May 2011, Judge Mendes sentenced the two pilots to four years and four months of prison in a "semi-open" facility for their role in the collision, but he commuted the sentences to community service to be served in the United States. Brazilian authorities accused the pilots of turning off the Legacy's transponder moments before the accident and turning it on again only after the crash, but it was denied by the crew in a deposition via videoconference. Mendes said in his sentence that pilots had failed to verify the functioning of equipment for more than an hour, a length of time he called "an eternity" in aviation.[76] On 9 October 2012, Brazilian federal prosecutors announced that they had successfully appealed the sentence of the pilots, asking to increase their sentences by 17 months (a total of 5 years and 9 months).[77] The new trial was scheduled for 15 October, with the pilots again facing trial in absentia.[78] On that date, the court upheld the prior convictions, but modified the sentences to 37 months for each, requiring that the pilots "report regularly to authorities and stay home at night."[79]
Survivor aircraft[edit]
N600XL remained impounded at Cachimbo for almost three years, but in mid-2009 American company General Aviation Services agreed to buy the aircraft. The company partnered with Gantt Aviation and Constant Aviation to check and prepare it for its ferry to the US. Constant completed the work and finally on 19 November 2010 (more than 4 years after the accident) the aircraft, now with the new registration of N965LL, arrived at Cleveland International Airport to be refurbished and put up for sale.[80]
The plane was reported to be on sale in March 2011, even though repairs to the left wingtip and stabilizer were still being completed in August 2011. The plane was then sold to a private owner in 2013 and registered in Mexico as XA-MHA.[81][82]
In popular culture[edit]
In 2007 Discovery Channel Brazil aired A Tragédia do Vôo 1907 ("The Tragedy of Flight 1907"), a documentary about the disaster.[83]
The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday, in a Season 5 episode "Phantom Strike".[84]
See also[edit]
- List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
- List of civilian mid-air collisions
- Ceiba Intercontinental Airlines Flight 71 - very similar mid-air collision that happened in 2015 in Senegal involving another Boeing 737-800 and a smaller plane
- Varig Flight 254 – another Boeing 737 which crashed in 1989 only 40 miles away from Gol's crash site.
- ^ All times mentioned in this article are Brazil Standard Time, UTC-3, unless otherwise noted.
- ^ From CENIPA final report, under section 2.2.1 (Damage to airplanes): "The N600XL airplane sustained serious damages in the left wing and in the left stabilizer/elevator assembly".[3]
- ^ The French text reads "FLIGHT RECORDER DO NOT OPEN."
- ^ Canada was selected by CENIPA as a "neutral site" for the FDR/CVR analysis, due to the sensitive political aspects of this investigation.[38]
- ^ FL370 is Flight Level 370, which is an altitude of approximately 37,000 feet Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL)
- ^ The Teres fix is located on airway UZ6 at coordinates 12°28.5'S, 51°22.1'W, see: High Altitude Enroute chart
- ^ Pressing the transponder's "ident" button in the aircraft ("squawking ident") allows the ATC controller to positively identify its target on the radar screen, verifying its position and altitude.
- ^ Brasilia Area Control Center is designated as ACC BS.
- ^ The VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) transmitter installation is a defined waypoint, underlying the airway.
- ^
- As it was later revealed in CENIPA's final report, the military controller's screen automatically reverted to displaying an unreliable altitude, normally used for air defense, derived from the primary radar detected range and the target's angle above the horizon.
- CENIPA hypothesizes in its final report that at this point the Embraer's captain inadvertently deactivated the transponder. The captain has denied this in depositions and interviews.[3]
- ^ Loss of secondary radar indicates to a controller that the aircraft's transponder signal is not being received by ATC.
- ^
- A handoff in aviation parlance refers to the transfer of responsibility for an aircraft under radar control from one controller to the next
- "Calling in the blind" refers to making radio transmissions without receiving any acknowledgment.
- Amazonic Area Control Center is designated as ACC AZ.
- ^ According to CENIPA, the last transmission from ATC that was recorded on the Embraer's CVR was at 16:23:29 BRT, approx. 25 minutes before the Embraer's first officer tried to call ATC. According to the published CVR, there were other radio transmissions (in Portuguese) audible on the frequency until 2.5 minutes before the first officer began calling Brasilia.[45]
- ^ To copy in aviation parlance means to understand a received radio transmission.
- ^ CENIPA hypothesizes in its final report that at this point, based on CVR and FDR evidence, the first officer, having just discovered the transponder had been inadvertently switched off, reactivated it. The Embraer's crew have steadfastly denied switching the transponder on or off in depositions and interviews.
- ^ "Registro Aeronáutico Brasileiro (PR-GTD)". Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil.
- ^ "FAA Registry (N600XL)". Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Final Report" (PDF). CENIPA. 8 December 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f "NTSB interim and final report links". NTSB. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ "Gol 1907 accident record". ASN. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ "VASP 168 accident record". ASN. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Brazil Air Force, NTSB Spar on Midair Causes". Aviation Week. 11 December 2008.
- ^ a b Downie, Andrew; Wald, Matthew L. (10 December 2008). "Brazil Lays Some Blame on U.S. Pilots in Collision". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
- ^ "Boeing 737 Design Enhancements Earn FAA Certification". Boeing. 27 July 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-11-10. Retrieved 30 September 2006.
- ^ "200 Air Force Men at Boeing Crash Site in Brazilian Jungle". brazzilmag. 1 October 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-11-17.
- ^ "Gol divulga lista de passageiros do vôo 1907" [Gol releases flight 1907 passenger list]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 30 September 2006.
- ^ a b Sharkey, Joe (1 October 2006). "Colliding With Death at 37,000 Feet, and Living". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
- ^ "Ocupantes do Legacy dizem ter sentido impacto" [Legacy occupants say they felt impact]. O Globo (in Portuguese). 1 October 2006.
- ^ a b Langewiesche, William (January 2009). "The Devil at 37,000 Feet". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ a b c "Caixas-pretas do Legacy chegam a São José dos Campos para perícia" [Legacy's black boxes arrive in São Jose Dos Campos for analysis]. O Globo (in Portuguese). 1 October 2006.
- ^ "Brazilian Authorities Suspect No Survivors From Jet That Crashed Carrying 155 People". Fox News Channel. 30 September 2006. Retrieved 30 September 2006.
- ^ "Quadro mostra as hipóteses sobre a colisão dos aviões" [Diagram showing collision hypothesis]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 3 October 2006.
- ^ "Matupá, Brazil". Maps. Google. Retrieved 30 September 2006.
- ^ "Avião da Gol desaparece na região de Matupá, em Mato Grosso" [Gol plane disappears near Matupá, Mato Grosso]. O Globo (in Portuguese). Globo G1. 29 September 2006.
- ^ "Embraer divulga nota sobre acidente que envolveu uma da suas aeronaves" [Embraer releases statement on accident involving one of its planes]. O Globo (in Portuguese). Globo. 30 September 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28.
- ^ "Preliminary Synopsis". NTSB. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Embraer's CVR Audio". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2009. (collision at 1:23:50 on MP3 clip)
- ^ "Legacy estava sem contato com a torre de controle" [Legacy was without contact with air traffic controllers]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 3 October 2006.
- ^ "Pilotos do Legacy estão proibidos de deixar o Brasil" [Legacy pilots forced to remain in Brazil] (in Portuguese). Ministério Público do Estado de Mato Grosso. 2 October 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2006.
- ^ "Justiça manda apreender passaportes de pilotos do Legacy" [Court orders Legacy pilots to surrender passports]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 2 October 2006.
- ^ Prada, Paulo (6 December 2006). "Brazil Court Gives Police 3 Days to Free U.S. Pilots in Crash Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ "Pilots in Brazil crash leave for U.S." thefreelibrary.com. Associated Press. 8 December 2006.[dead link]
- ^ "U.S. pilots charged in Brazilian plane crash". The New York Times. 8 December 2006.
- ^ "Criminalizing Aviation Accidents Only Assures Repeats". ABC News. 7 December 2006.
- ^ "Pilots in Brazil crash return to U.S." USA Today. Associated Press. 9 December 2006.
- ^ "Índios ajudam a resgatar vítimas de acidente com avião, o pior ocorrido no Brasil" [Natives assist in victim search; worst occurrence in Brazil's history]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 1 October 2006.
- ^ "Não há sobreviventes em acidente com o avião da Gol, diz Aeronáutica" [Aviation officials: there are no survivors in Gol plane accident]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 30 September 2006.
- ^ "Destroços de avião da Gol indicam queda vertical" [Gol plane wreckage indicates vertical dive]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 30 September 2006.
- ^ "Phantom Strike," Mayday
- ^ "FAB diz que não há sobreviventes [BAF says there are no survivors]". O Globo (in Portuguese). 30 September 2006.
- ^ "Lula declara luto nacional" [Lula declares national mourning]. O Globo (in Portuguese). 30 September 2006.
- ^ a b "Gravador de Voz – Vôo 1907". ANAC. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
- ^ a b Bleyer, Bill (12 October 2006). "Recordings key to fate of LI pilots: Cockpit voices in collision sent to Canada for analysis; Brazil ready to blame fliers". Newsday. Melville, NY.
- ^ "Aeronáutica encontra caixas-pretas do Boeing da Gol" [Air Force recovers black boxes from Gol Boeing]. O Globo (in Portuguese). 2 October 2006.
- ^ "Últimas informações sobre as caixas pretas e o trabalho da comissão de investigação" [Latest update on the black boxes and investigation commission work] (in Portuguese). ANAC. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Brazilian Air Force press release" (in Portuguese). Força Aérea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force). 4 October 2006. Archived from the original on 22 October 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
- ^ "IML confirma identificação da última vítima da queda do Boeing da Gol" [IML confirms identification of last Gol Boeing victim]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 22 November 2006.
- ^ "Embraer's CVR Audio". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2009. (last ATC two-way comm at 17:55 on MP3 clip)
- ^ a b MELO FILHO, S. (2 October 2006). "Gol 737-800 x Legacy 600 Hypothetical Collision Configuration". Associação dos Engenheiros do ITA – WikITA. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- ^ "Embraer's CVR Audio". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2009. last radio transmission heard by Embraer at 1:12:30 on MP3 clip)
- ^ "NTSB Safety Recommendation" (PDF). NTSB. 2 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-30. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
- ^ "Falhas de pilotos e controladores de vôo resultaram em acidente da Gol" [Gol accident caused by pilot and controller errors] (in Portuguese). Agencia Brasil. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ a b c "Pilots and controllers blamed for Brazil crash". AP on Fox News. 10 December 2008. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011.
- ^ "Cenipa apresenta relatório final do acidente aéreo da Gol; leia o relatório" [CENIPA presents final report of the Gol aviation accident; read the report]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 10 December 2008.
- ^ "NTSB, Cenipa at Odds over Midair Accident Report". AIN Online. 11 December 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009.
- ^ "NTSB, Brazilian Officials Differ on Blame For 2006 Midair". Aero-News. 11 December 2008.
- ^ "NTSB: Loss of 'effective air traffic control' at root of 2006 Legacy 600, Gol 737 collision". Flight International (on Flightglobal). 8 November 2008.
- ^ Lacagnina, Mark (February 2009). "Midair over the Amazon" (PDF). AeroSafety World: 11.
- ^ "Are U.S. Pilots Being Made Scapegoats in Brazil?". Time. 21 December 2006.
- ^ "Timeline: Brazil – A chronology of key events". BBC. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ "Brazilian Aviation Crisis – Governmental Failure?". Scoop Online. 22 August 2007.
- ^ "Brazilian aviation in chaos". Financial Times. 4 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011.
- ^ a b Downie, Andrew (3 April 2007). "The Chaos in Brazil's Blue Skies". Time.
- ^ "FACTBOX-Brazil's deepening aviation crisis". Reuters. 18 July 2007.
- ^ See for example:
- "Brazil's defence minister fired". BBC. 25 July 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- Clendenning, Alan (25 July 2007). "Brazil Aviation Chief Fired". AP on Washington Post. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- "Brazil crashes claim minister". The Australian. 27 July 2007.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Lula vows to fix aviation system". AP on NDTV. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
- ^ "US firms sued over Brazil crash". BBC. 6 November 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ "New Lawsuit Alleges Design Defect, Negligence in Brazil Crash". AP on law.com. 13 November 2006.
- ^ a b "Memorandum Decision and Order" (PDF). U.S. District Court Eastern District of New York. 2 July 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
- ^ "ExcelAire: Lawsuits Regarding Gol Jet Accident Premature". aero-news.net. 9 November 2006.
- ^ "Lawsuit Blames Device Manufacturer, Airline for Brazil Crash". AP on law.com. 7 November 2006.
- ^ "Brazilian air crash case dismissed by U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York". Rochester Daily Record on allbusiness.com. 16 July 2008.
- ^ See for example:
- Wald, Matthew L.; Downie, Andrew (2 June 2007). "2 American Pilots Are Indicted in Brazilian Airliner Crash". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- "U.S. Pilots Indicted in Brazil Plane Crash". Associated Press on CBS News. 1 June 2007.
- Downie, Andrew (2 October 2007). "Brazilian Air Controllers Partly Responsible for Crash, Inquiry Finds". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- "Justiça aceita denúncia contra controladores e pilotos por queda no voo 1907" [Controllers and pilots indicted for flight 1907 crash]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 1 June 2007.
- "Controladores depõem na terça-feira sobre acidente com vôo 1907" [Controllers testify Thursday about flight 1907 accident]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). 24 August 2007.
- ^ "Investigation Turns Criminal" (PDF). AeroSafety World: 16. February 2009.
- ^ "Brazilian Judge Clears American Pilots of Carelessness". AIN Online. 11 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010.
- ^ "Some charges out against US pilots in Amazon crash". Associated Press on International Business Times. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
- ^ "US Pilots Face Negligence Charges in Brazil Crash". Associated Press on ABC News. 12 January 2010.
- ^ "Brazilian court overturns acquittal of U.S. pilots in 2006 air disaster". Xinhua News Agency. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.
- ^ Lehman, Stan (27 October 2010). "Brazil air controller convicted over 2006 crash". Boston Globe.
- ^ "Brazil air controller sentenced in 2006 crash case". Reuters. 20 May 2011.
- ^ "Pilots Avoid Jail in Brazil Crash". The New York Times. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
- ^ Lehman, Stan (9 October 2012). "US pilots to be retried for Brazil airline crash". Huffington Post. Associated Press.
- ^ "US pilots to be retried for Brazil airline crash". Big Story, Associated Press. 9 October 2012.
- ^ "Brazil upholds U.S. pilots' convictions in 2006 air disaster". Reuters. 15 October 2012.
- ^ "National Airways Corporation: The return of Embraer Legacy 600 N965LL". Nationalairwayscorporation.blogspot.com. 16 October 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ "For sale: Legacy that escaped Brazilian mid-air smash | Flight International". Flightglobal. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Chuck Slusarczyk Jr and Mark Plumley (14 August 2011). "Photo: GOL collision Legacy repairs near completion » OPShots.net – Cyberhub to Cleveland Aviation and the World!". OPShots.net. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ "A Tragédia do Vôo 1907" [The Tragedy of Flight 1907]. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ "System Breakdown". Mayday. Season 5. 2008. Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907.
|airliners.net's Photo gallery of PR-GTD
- Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center
- Final report (Archive)
- Final report (in Portuguese) (Archive)
- Associação Familiares e Amigos Vôo 1907 (Family and friends of Flight 1907) (in Portuguese)
- Cachimbo Air Base from Google Maps
- Cachimbo Air Base Web Site
- Statement by the International Federation Of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations, issued 24 November 2006 (PDF)
- Agencia Brasil slideshow of a memorial ceremony for the passengers on Gol 1907 (Archive)
- ExcelAire N600XL Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) audio clip, 72 MB MP3 file, contains entire 2-hour CVR recording; last two-way radio comm before collision at 00:17:55; last radio comm before collision at 1:12:30; collision at 01:23:50.
- Gol Transportes Aéreos 1907 Cockpit Voice Recorder audio clip, collision at 29:22 (in Portuguese) (Archive)
- List of passengers at Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese)
- 2006 in Brazil
- Aviation accidents and incidents caused by air traffic controller error
- Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
- Aviation accidents and incidents in 2006
- Aviation accidents and incidents in Brazil
- Mid-air collisions
- Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737
- Airliner accidents and incidents involving mid-air collisions
- Aviation accident investigations with disputed causes
- September 2006 events


text:
Kenny has performed and recorded with some of the world's greatest artists.
New Berlin, WI (PRWEB) August 14, 2013
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text:
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text:
Posts Tagged 'gay icon'
Paul Newman Is Dead But There Are Icons Aplenty
PAUL Newman is dead. And the Daily Express's Robert Gore-Langton asks: "WHERE HAVE ALL THE ICONS GONE?"
A trawl through the paper's website reveals that they have gone into the huge file maked "Icon":
Tonight sees the 90th birthday celebrations of one of the world's most iconic and influential figures – Nelson Mandela.
SHE is the undisputed fashion icon of her generation – Kate Moss
Read the rest of this entry »
Posted: 29th, September 2008 | In: Celebrities, Tabloids | Comments (6)


text:
This new tv-commercial for Spa Barisart gives a new dimension to the baseline âSpa Barisart, the explosive water.â? It shows spectacular action scenes that are completely filmed under water. Erik Bulckens directed the film, which was shot in a gigantic underwater tank in Berlin. The actors and stuntmen had a hard time, but the hardest job was for the cameraman, who had to spend a whole day underwater. [youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aljwQFHZCaQ[/youtube]
With this new tv-ad, Spa Barisart wants to strengthen its position as the most sparkling water on the Belgian market.


text:
Born April, 2009
Jean Claude was one of three llamas who were going to go to market if homes could not be found for them. We located a good home for 2 of the boys, and Jean Claude came here to grow up with the sheep and learn to be their companion and guardian.
He was not handled much in his early months, but he has come to learn that people are OK and will now come right up to you asking for treats. He is very shy and sweet and rarely spits. His best friend for years was Louie the horse, until Louie passed away in October of 2013. Jean Claude is a man of the world, and has developed a romantic interest in Dee Dee donkey, occasionally chasing her wildly through the fields, but always returning to his ever stable Louisa Llama.
Would you like to sponsor Jean Claude?


text:
SAN ANTONIO, TX --After seeing rising numbers of San Antonio babies born with syphilis, health officials started assigning case workers to follow infected women throughout their pregnancies to make sure they get proper treatment.
Dr. Thomas Schlenker, director of the Metropolitan Health District, tells the San Antonio Express-News that nine syphilis-infected babies were born in San Antonio in the first half of the year compared to eight for all of last year. Two of the babies died.
But no new cases have been reported since the beginning of July, just after the new case management program started.
The sexually transmitted disease often results in stillbirth. Babies who survive can suffer blindness, hearing problems, deformities and nervous system disorders. It is easily prevented though if the mother is diagnosed and treated with penicillin.