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OMAHA, Neb. -- Ryan Lochte didn't celebrate, and Michael Phelps didn't pout.
Lochte beat Phelps in their first head-to-head showdown at the U.S. Olympic swimming trials, but both know there is a long way to go.
"Whenever I go on the blocks, no matter what or who it is, I always feel I can win," Lochte said. "I knew I was capable of doing it, and it happened. But that race is over. I'm not even thinking about that race anymore. I've got so many more races left in this meet."
The trials opened with fireworks, literally and figuratively, as Lochte beat Phelps in the 400 individual medley. It is the first of what could be six meetings between the two, with both also entered in the 100 freestyle, 200 free, 200 back, 200 IM and 100 butterfly.
Lochte is entered in 11 events and could swim as many as seven here. Phelps could get a chance to defend his eight Olympic gold medals from Beijing after qualifying in the 400 IM, a grueling event he had said he would drop after the 2008 Games.
"There was a lot of discussion about me doing it, and [coach] Bob [Bowman] and I tried a lot of different things and played around with a lot of different ideas," Phelps said. "It came down to: I wanted to do that. Having a year and a half off from it, it was good, but this is an event that I've done for a long time. It's something I want to finish my career off with it.
"...Coming off this, I'm very pleased. I'm happy to get that first monkey off your back ...and kind of get the first race jitters out."
Lochte beat Phelps in their two head-to-head meetings at the world championships last year, winning gold in the 200 free and 200 IM. He served notice again Monday that he is as good as Phelps, maybe better in some events, though London will decide that.
"It really doesn't say much," Lochte said of his victory Monday. "It's a rivalry that we've had for almost eight years now, and we've just been switching back and forth. It's hard to say who's the best swimmer, because we're both great racers."
Lochte swam the fastest time in the world this year in the 400 IM, with a 4:07.06. Phelps was second in 4:07.89. Yet, Lochte wasn't pleased with his time.
"When we look at the splits, there are a couple of spots where we felt like maybe we had another couple of seconds to play with," said Gregg Troy, Lochte's coach and the Team USA men's coach. "So much of it isn't what I think; it's how the race plays out and how he feels on that day. So we've just got to go back to work a little bit. We've got seven big races coming up, so we're trying to save a little energy."
Former Southlake Carroll standout Claire Singley was 94th out of 125 finishers in the 400 IM with a 4:59.88. Still, it was a dream come true for the 20-year-old Penn State swimmer. "I swam at a meet in Mansfield two weeks ago, and I ended up making the cut," Singley said. "You can't imagine what it's like until you're here -- everything I've pretty much wanted and more."
Carroll's Jonathan Roberts finished 83rd out of 109 in the 400 IM, with a 4:33.05 in the prelims.
Cammile Adams had hoped to become the first Texas A&M swimmer to make the U.S. swim team in an individual event. But she finished third in the 400 IM with a 4:38.62. World champion Elizabeth Beisel won (4:31.74), with Caitlin Leverenz (4:34.48) claiming the other spot. "I was definitely happy for sure," said Adams, who has the 400 free and 200 fly to go. "It was a great race. First [trials] finals ever, so I was just kind of soaking it all up and getting ready for the rest of the week."
Former UT swimmer Brendan Hansen won his heat in the 100 breaststroke (1:00.30) and then, in the semifinals, posted the fourth-fastest time in the world (59.71) this year. "I've been feeling great in the water, and I'm just going to get faster with each swim," Hansen said.
Charean Williams
Twitter: @NFLCharean


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text:
Volvo cars press release – Today, 28 March, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd and Ford Motor Company have signed a stock purchase agreement regarding the ownership of Volvo Car Corporation. The deal is anticipated to be completed in the third quarter of 2010.
Stated in Zhejiang Geely Holding Group's press release:
Mr. Li Shufu, Chairman Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd, says:
"We are pleased to have reached this agreement with Ford, enabling us to safeguard and strengthen Volvo's renowned brand heritage. This transaction will ensure Volvo's Page 1 of 2 continued leadership in the premium segment, where it enjoys a global reputation for safety and environmental-friendly technologies. This famous Swedish premium brand will remain true to its core values of safety, quality, environmental care and modern Scandinavian design."
"As part of the proposed transaction, Zhejiang Geely Holdings will maintain the strong collaborative relationships that Volvo has built with employees, unions, suppliers, dealers and above all, customers. On completion, Volvo Cars will be a separate company with its own management team based in Gothenburg, Sweden, and a new board of directors.
The board and the management will have a mandate to develop Volvo Cars' leadership in safety and clean environmental technologies, expanding the company as a world-leading premium brand with a presence in more than 100 markets and ambitious plans in the fast-growing Chinese market."
Facts about Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd. was founded in 1986 with its headquarters in Hangzhou, China. Zhejiang Geely Holding Group and its associated companies have established operations that span the automotive value chain, from research, development and design to production, sales and servicing. They are a fully-integrated independent auto manufacturer producing cars, engines and transmissions. Today, they are one of China's fastest growing automotive manufacturers, as well as the industry's leading privately held group.
Click here to watch the press conference: https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/enhanced/en-gb/Media/Preview.aspx?mediaid=32185
For further information please go to:
Ford Motor Company's media centre: http://www.media.ford.com/ and to Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co.'s media centre: http://www.geely.com/global/media_centre/press_releases.html


text: Cover Story Apr 01, 2014 Our products have features that directly boost productivity to the customer. The LeeBoy 523 is the result of intensive first-hand dialogue with customers and other stakeholders, to not only enhance productivity and operational efficiency, but also deliver a product that surpasses customer expectations. The findings from the customer dialogues enabled us to focus strongly on meeting three key expectations shared by the customer a reliable and rugged product, effective Post Sales Care (PSC) and lower running and maintenance costs. These have been kept in mind at all stages


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is old shepherd route which had been opened for trekkers
who are new to Indian Himalayas.
1: Traveling - Delhi to Chandigarh In normal
traffic 4-5 hrs of journey.
Day 2: Travel from Chandigarh to Recong Peo
- This is long travel via SHIMLA- RAMPUR BUSHEHER. We
will be strting early from Chandigarh
3: Traveling from Recong Peo to Sangla - trekking from
Sangla to Kanda Soroden : 7 Km.
Day 4: Soroden to Dondyo : 9 Km.
Day 5: Dondyo to Litham : 15 Km. It is very difficult
trek covering Gonas pass at the height of about 16000
ft. One needs to take an early start to reach before
darkness. Beautiful waterfall at Litham. Puber river
flows from Gonas pass. Long glaciers are seen after
crossing the pass.
Day 6: Litham to Janglik : 15 Km. :
Day 7: Janglik village to Dhamwari : 18 Km. : In between
lies the villages of Tangnu and Pekha.
Day 8: Traveling to Shimla - road route
Day 9: Traveling to Delhi.
NOTE: Minimum 1-2
days stay in mountain is suggested- This helps you in
enjoying your trek in scenic views of mountains and
also to handle altitude.


text:
Stan B. Walters
Certified Speaking Professional
Next Generation Interviewing & Interrogation Techniques & Training Experiences for Investigators. Benefiting federal law enforcement, counter-terrorism, military, law enforcement academies, corporations and professional associations.
- Call if you're my perfect client-
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As my client, you'll benefit from 40+ yrs experience as an interrogator, a video library of 1300+ inmate interviews, and expert-level knowledge of human behavior, speech and body language.
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• Government, Intelligence & Military analysts, counter-terrorism specialists and Special Forces trust me to prepare them for the task of getting accurate information that will save lives.
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Your investigators will learn to be proficient at conducting professional and ethical interviews, use methods that insure justice for victims, protect the offenders' rights and delivers critical intelligence information that can save hundreds of lives.
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Known as "The Lie Guy®", my work has appeared on ABC, CBS, CNN, Fox News, NBC, France Channel One, and Australia Today. I have been profiled twice on National Geographic and was host / technical adviser on National Geographic "The Science of Interrogation."
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Your personnel will learn from a trainer designated Certified Speaking Professional by the National Speakers Association. With 50,000+ hours as an instructor, my style & effective presentation skills from breakouts to 5 day courses, will inspire your new interviewers, revitalize the veterans, and raise the dedication of anyone who searches for the truth.
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Stan is the author of Principles of Kinesic Interview and Interrogation: 2nd Edition which has worldwide sales. He is also the author and co-author of numerous training materials, audio tapes and pocket guides on Practical Kinesic Interview & Interrogation®. His book The Truth About Lying: How To Spot A Lie and Protect Yourself From Deception is now being translated into 7 foreign languages and is now in it's 7th printing. He has served as Subject Matter Expert on Interview & Interrogation to Johns Hopkins University. He has also participated as one of two primary researchers in deception research that was conducted at John Jay College. Results of this study were presented at two American Psychological Association Conventions and has been published in scientific journals.
- Respected Expert / Professional
Stan has served for more than 25 years as an instructor with Public Agency Training Council which the largest law enforcement training association in the United States. Stan is also an adjunct instructor for the Department of Defense – Defense Intelligence Agency: National Center for Credibility Assessment, Eastern Kentucky University – College of Justice & Safety and the University of Missouri – Law Enforcement Training Institute. Stan has taught to various state police, local and municipal and law enforcement training academies over forty-five states as well as the US Department of Defense, National Security Agency, US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, US Air Force S.E.R.E., US Immigration and Naturalization Service, Drug Enforcement Administration, the Texas Rangers, Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms, US Probation, US Attorney's Offices and the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers in Georgia, Arizona, and New Mexico.
- International Presence
Stan presented his innovative training on interview and interrogation to numerous other educational, professional, and criminal justice training organizations in the US, Canada, U. A. E., Germany, Virgin Islands, Singapore, Australia, Virgin Islands, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia, and the Netherlands. The text Principles of Kinesic Interview & Interrogation, 2nd ed. is used internationally. It is also in use at police academies and colleges of law enforcement. it is also used by intelligence, counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism professionals world-wide.
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text:
The .160 batting average couldn't do it, nor could the refusal to pinch hit in a game, or an invitation to the manager for a fist fight or even a card game during the final tension-packed minutes of the season in Atlanta.
But after hearing Bobby Bonilla issue a public threat to cause trouble in the next century, the Mets GM Steve Phillips finally acknowledged what fans have taken for granted for months.
One day after Bonilla threatened to cause problems if he didn't get any playing time, Phillips admitted that re-acquiring Bonilla was a mistake.
"It didn't work out the way we would have liked," Phillips said. "If we would have known what we know now, we probably wouldn't do it again."
However, Phillips said he intended to "make the best of the situation," which is shaping up to be a potentially nasty one. Of course, the burden for handling it will fall upon Bobby Valentine, who will have to deal with an angry Bonilla on a daily basis if he doesn't get to play.
Although Phillips acknowledged the mistake, Met co-owner Fred Wilpon does not blame him for it. Met insiders say Wilpon was convinced that Valentine "lost" Bonilla last year and was responsible for his lack of productivity and behavior.
The vocal fans, who increasingly fell in love with Valentine toward the end of the season and showed Bonilla nothing but disdain, obviously disagreed.
The trade in question was made 13 months ago when Phillips sent Mel Rojas to the Dodgers for Bonilla. Rojas was completely useless to the Mets, too, but he made less money and his contract expired this year, meaning the Mets' problems would have been over.
Many critics — except this one, admittedly — felt the move was a disaster-in-the-making based upon Bonilla's past tumultuous history in New York, his age, his declining skills and his hefty salary. In fact, his contract is the only thing keeping him on the team because last June the Mets tried to give him away for nothing on the waiver wire, and all other 29 teams had the sense to decline.
They knew then what Phillips says he didn't know at the time of the trade.
"It all started with the injuries in the spring," Phillips said, "and it just kind of snowballed from there."
Phillips did say that he would have made the trade again knowing what he knew at the time, which means he couldn't have known Bonilla would tear a patella tendon in his right knee in spring training, that his weight would have ballooned, that he would have fought with the manager and gradually lost so much respect of his teammates that some of them weren't surprised when he was playing cards with Rickey Henderson in the latter innings of Game 6 of the NLCS at Turner Field.
"Knowing what we know," Phillips said, "Obviously it wouldn't have been the direction we would have headed in."
Perhaps it was the GM's subtle way of firing back at Bonilla, because he has repeatedly refused to respond directly to what Bonilla said the day before when he promised "fireworks in the millennium," if he wasn't playing again in 2000. Perhaps Phillips finally realized there was no more reason to protect the feelings of the $5.9 million man, as hard as he tried to.
Bonilla told reporters at his annual charity bowling tournament to benefit the Hispanic Scholarship Fund that he would become a problem for Phillips and Valentine if he wasn't going to play next year. He said he was a team player, but also insisted upon playing next year, even though the team played as well as it has all decade without him.
He said he intended to open his mouth about it, which is remarkable because even as a focus of so much controversy this past season, Bonilla never really got into any jams with his mouth. Now he intends to start.
Phillips said he will talk to Bonilla about his declaration, but would not make any public pronouncements about the threat to disrupt the team for his personal goals.
"I don't mean to sound unemotional or unaffected by things," Phillips said, "but I just don't think it's appropriate to comment publicly on things like that."


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More on Boomers, Rock, and Walt Mossberg
For those arriving late to this dispute: In an earlier item ("FDR: Father of Rock 'n' Roll"), Chatterbox wrote that "boomer math contradicts the boomer mythology that it was the baby boom that first absorbed rock 'n' roll into the mass culture." Chatterbox's proof was that the first rock 'n' roll records that reached a large, mainstream audience--Bill Haley and the Comets' "Rock Around the Clock" and Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel"--were released in 1955 and 1956. The oldest baby boomers in 1955 and 1956 were 9 and 10, respectively--too young, Chatterbox reasoned, to be buying rock 'n' roll records.
Walter S. Mossberg, who writes the Wall Street Journal's "Personal Technology" column, wrote in to dispute this last point. (Incidentally, the link to Mossberg's column that Chatterbox posted earlier doesn't work for people who don't subscribe to the Journal's online edition; Chatterbox has now substituted a link that will work for everyone, free of charge.) Mossberg explained that he was born in March 1947, and that he was buying rock 'n' roll records at the age of 9, which of course would have been in 1956. Chatterbox replied that he could easily picture Mossberg (with whom Chatterbox formerly worked at the Journal's Washington bureau) as a smart-alecky 9-year-old but that he doubted many other members of Mossberg's cohort were similarly precocious. Chatterbox then invited 52- and 53-year-olds to enlighten Slate's " Fray" as to whether, like Mossberg, they were buying rock 'n' roll records at the age of nine.
Fray postings immediately started pouring in from people who said that yes, they are about Mossberg's age, and yes, they were buying rock 'n' roll records starting in the mid-1950s. So Chatterbox will now yield on this point--while noting this doesn't really undermine Chatterbox's larger point that FDR is an unacknowledged founding father of rock 'n' roll. (For the details, see the first item.) Baby boomers were part of the record-buying public that made rock 'n' roll an art form for the masses (as opposed to one for blacks and a few white hipsters) in the mid-1950s. Chatterbox continues to doubt, however, that boomers represented a majority of that public until the 1960s.
Please note the important distinction between listening to rock 'n' roll music (Chatterbox, born in 1958, was listening to the Beatles well before he was 9) and buying rock 'n' roll records (Chatterbox didn't buy his first record--LP or single--until long after the Beatles' 1970 breakup). Several Fraygrants (click here and here for examples) missed this distinction. Here's Fraygrant Sharon Saunders:
I plugged (!) the family radio into the wall by my bed, turned it low and listened past my bedtime to the real thing, LaVerne Baker, Little Richard, the Cadillacs, the Coasters--just about every black group, every doo-wop group around, plus Dion and the Belmonts (fellow Bronxites). Not only did we listen to it, but us little kids actually stood under the lamppost and sang a cappella.
But, except in the highly attenuated sense that Saunders was boosting the ratings of radio stations that were playing LaVerne Baker and Little Richard and the Cadillacs and the Coasters, she wasn't really putting money into these groups' pockets (or, as was more often the case, these groups' record labels' pockets)--as she would have been doing had she bought their records after hearing them on the radio.
That said, it must be conceded that several boomer Fraygrants did go out and buy the records well before their teen years. (Click here and here and here for a few examples.) "When 45s were king, pre-teens with limited finances were buying them by the crateful," explains Duffy Hawes. Here's Jill Tso:
I, too, was born in 1947 and bought rock 'n' roll records when I was in the fourth grade. One of the first 45s I purchased was Jerry Lee Lewis' "Great Balls of Fire." My father had purchased a custom hi-fi and I played the 45 so loud and danced all afternoon. When he came home and heard the lyrics, he broke the record in two. I was crushed and resented him for many years. Last year, I finally realized why he thought "Great Balls of Fire" was terrible for his grade-school-aged daughter to be listening to. I had never associated the title and lyrics to the vernacular use of the word "balls." Duh!
Indeed, one boomer Fraygrant-- Sharon Smith--goes so far as to recall that she owned her very own copy of "Rock Around the Clock" (though she's a little vague about whether she purchased it when she was 9 or 11 years of age):
I was born in October 1946, five months before Mossberg, and grew up in San Francisco. On the last day of sixth grade in June of 1958, Miss Barnett (one of the greatest teachers the world has seen) let us have a party. She brought a record player, we brought our 45s (my contribution was "Rock Around the Clock"), and two dozen 11- and 12-year-olds danced for two hours! How had we learned? A year of watching American Bandstand every day after school and practicing in front of the TV.
Chatterbox will give the final word to Mossberg, who has shown himself to be a gracious victor in this argument:
Everybody, including me, concedes that the older non-boomer teens played some role in the adoption of early rock, even though ultimately these kids didn't get it and we boomers did. And you're correct that boomer propaganda never allows for this possibility. Your only mistake was totally writing off the mystical power of 9-year-old boomers in the '50s. But how were you to know? Born in 1958! You can't even remember black-and-white TV or those first transistor radios that one of the Fray peoplementioned [ahem, actually, Chatterbox can remember these things, but that's a small point] ...
I honestly think this 9-to-12-year-old age group's discovery of rock and roll, against the wishes of our parents, cemented into us older boomers two lessons that were behind much of what happened in the '60s:
- Question authority
- Age matters
Because of rock, we had a lot in common with each other that neither our parents nor our older siblings or older friends shared. It was the start of the feeling, right or wrong, of generational bonding, and of boomer exceptionalism, which Gen-Xers so despise ... I can still vividly remember the day I went to buy my first 45 rpm record, using my own funds. And I wanted something like "Maybelline" by Chuck Berry or maybe "Wake Up Little Susie" by the Everly Brothers. But my father forced me to buy a lame, horrible pop tune called " Melodie D'Amour" by the Mills Brothers or the Ames Brothers or some lame brothers. I never let him do that again, and I never forgot that lesson about the way authority figures can screw you. (Interestingly, my dad and I later developed a great relationship, and he swore he couldn't remember the incident. But it was etched in my mind.)
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text:
Bosses at burger chain White Castle have offered to give $20,000 to a charity of Liam Hemsworth's choice after the movie hunk boasted about devouring 45 of their buns on TV.
Hemsworth recently told talk show host Jimmy Kimmel he and Josh Hutcherson split a 90-burger order after completing work on The Hunger Games.
The Australian star admitted he felt ill and threw up after gobbling up the fast food - but the story still impressed White Castle bosses, who now plan to induct the actor into its Hall of Fame - and hand him a pile of money for his favorite charity.


text:
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) use bacteria to convert organic waste material into electrical energy. This environmentally-friendly process produces electricity without the combustion of fossil fuels. MFCs have various practical applications such as in breweries, domestic wastewater treatment, desalination plants, hydrogen production, remote sensing, and pollution remediation, and they can be used as a remote power source. Widespread use of MFCs in these areas can take our waste products and transform them into energy.
Washing one's hands with soap is usually accompanied with the satisfaction of killing harmful germs. However, scientists in many research labs around the world seek to put those pesky germs to work generating electricity. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology that uses bacteria to generate electricity from waste. Bacteria in a Microbial Fuel Cell break down our food and bodily wastes, effectively generating power from the materials that are usually thrown away. By tapping into this previously unharnessed source of power, clean, sustainable energy can be produced at low cost.
MFCs are especially valuable in that there are many applications of their use help to reduce pollution and cut water treatment costs in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly way. Currently, Microbial Fuel Cells are used to produce electricity while simultaneously cleaning wastewater. With future development, MFCs have the potential to produce hydrogen for fuel cells, desalinate sea water, and provide sustainable energy sources for remote areas. The Microbial Fuel Cell, which has historically been used only as a novelty in science fairs, is now a developing reality with great potential for improvements in cleaning techniques and power-generating processes.
What is a microbial fuel cell?
Microbial fuel cells harness the power of bacteria and convert energy released in metabolic reactions into electrical energy. The actual cell consists of two electrodes separated by a semi-permeable membrane submersed in an electrolyte solution.
Bruce Logan/Penn State University
Fig. 1 depicts a typical MFC set-up in a research laboratory. The electrodes are connected by a wire and the anode (negative electrode) has bacteria growing on it. These bacteria break down food wastes and sewage to generate an electric current. Using microbes to generate electricity implies that the processes in an MFC are self-sustaining; the bacteria replicate and continue to produce power indefinitely as long as there is a food source to nourish the bacteria. Moreover, MFCs are very efficient, do not rely on fossil fuels for energy, and can run effectively on sources like food waste and sewage.
How Does a Microbial Fuel Cell Work?
As shown in Fig. 2, the Microbial Fuel Cell is divided into two halves: aerobic and anaerobic. The aerobic half has a positively charged electrode and is bubbled with oxygen, much like a fish tank. The anaerobic half does not have oxygen, allowing a negatively charged electrode to act as the electron receptor for the bacterial processes. The chambers are separated by a semi-permeable membrane to keep oxygen out of the anaerobic chamber while still allowing hydrogen ions (H+) pass through.
In the anaerobic chamber, a solution containing food for the bacteria is circulated. This food consists of glucose or acetate, compounds commonly found in food waste and sewage. The bacteria metabolize food by first breaking apart the food molecules into hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and electrons. As shown in Fig. 3, bacteria use the electrons to produce energy by way of the electron transport chain. The microbial fuel cell disrupts the electron transport chain using a mediator molecule to shuttle electrons to the anode. In many ways, a microbial fuel cell is an extension of the electron transport chain where the final step of the process (the combination of oxygen, electrons, and H+ to form water) is transferred outside of the bacterial cell from which energy can be harvested.
Mercer/Campbell and Reece/Pearson Education, Inc.
A Brief History of the Microbial Fuel Cell
The idea of obtaining energy from bacteria began in 1911 with M. C. Potter, a professor of botany at the University of Durham [1]. In his studies of how microorganisms degrade organic compounds, he discovered that electrical energy was also produced. Potter had the idea of trying to harvest this newfound source of energy for human use. He was able to construct a primitive microbial fuel cell, but not enough was known about the metabolism of bacteria for the design to be improved upon.
In fact, little development occurred on his primitive designs until the 1980s. M. J. Allen and H. Peter Bennetto from Kings College in London revolutionized the original microbial fuel cell design. Spurred by their desire to provide cheap and reliable power to third world countries, Allen and Bennetto combined advancements in the understanding of the electron transport chain and significant advancements in technology to produce the basic design that is still used in MFCs today. However, use of MFCs in third world countries is still in the pilot stages because of the complexities of simplifying the design enough to allow poor rural farmers to build them. The advancements by the Kings College team have shown the scientific community that the microbial fuel cell can be useful technology and generate increased interest in its development.
As scientists all over the world began researching the microbial fuel cell, one major question still remained: how do the electrons get from the electron transport chain to the anode? While researching this problem in the 1990s, B-H. Kim, a researcher from the Korean Institute of Science and Technology, discovered that certain species of bacteria were electrochemically active and didn't require the use of a mediator molecule to transport electrons to the electrodes. Thus, a new type of microbial fuel cell was born that eliminated the use of the expensive and sometimes toxic mediators.
Currently, researchers are working to optimize electrode materials, types and combinations of bacteria, and electron transfer in microbial fuel cells. Even though the idea of harnessing the energy produced by bacteria has been around for almost 100 years, researchers have just begun to fully understand the MFC and how to bring out its true potential.
Ways the MFC can improve the world
The microbial fuel cell has current and potential uses in brewery and domestic wastewater treatment, desalination, hydrogen production, remote sensing, pollution remediation, and as a remote power source. Many new applications are beginning to be tested and may come into widespread use in the near future.
Brewery Wastewater Treatment
Brewery and food manufacturing wastewater can be treated by microbial fuel cells because their wastewater is rich in organic compounds that can serve as food for the microorganisms. Breweries are ideal for the implementation of microbial fuel cells, as their wastewater composition is always the same; these constant conditions allow bacteria to adapt and become more efficient. Currently, Fosters, an Australian beer company, has begun testing out an MFC to clean its wastewater while generating electricity and clean water [2]. Fosters has installed the first small-scale microbial fuel cell for brewery wastewater treatment, pictured in Fig. 4. Each long tube is one large Microbial Fuel Cell. Twelve MFCs are placed in parallel to clean the large volume of wastewater. Wastewater flows in at the top, is cleaned by bacteria, and comes out the bottom as purified water. Partnered with the University of Queensland, Fosters' plans to improve the MFC's cleaning power and electrical output and eventually build a 660 gallon, 2 Kilowatt MFC that cleans all of the company's wastewater. The power generated from cleaning the brewery wastewater is expected to pay for the initial cost of the Microbial Fuel Cell in ten years.
Sewage Treatment
Desalination of sea water and brackish water for use as drinking water has always presented significant problems because of the amount of energy required to remove the dissolved salts from the water. By using an adapted microbial fuel cell, this process could proceed with no external electrical energy input [5]. By adding a third chamber in between the two electrodes of a standard MFC and filling it with sea water, the cell's positive and negative electrodes attract the positive and negative salt ions in the water and, using semi-permeable membranes, filters out the salt from the sea water, as seen in Fig. 5. Salt removal efficiencies of up to 90% have been recorded in laboratory work, but much higher removal efficiencies are required to produce drinking-quality water [5].
Photo courtesy of JHU Global Water Program/ http://globalwater.jhu.edu/
Hydrogen Production
Microbial fuel cells can be used to generate hydrogen for use as an alternative fuel. When used for hydrogen production, the MFC needs to be supplemented by an external power source to get over the energy barrier of turning all of the organic material into carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas [2]. The standard MFC is converted to hydrogen production by keeping both chambers anaerobic and supplementing the MFC with 0.25 volts of electricity [6]. Hydrogen bubbles form at the cathode and are collected for use as fuel source [7]. Although electricity is used instead of generated as in normal MFCs, this method of producing hydrogen is very efficient because more than 90% of the protons and electrons generated by the bacteria at the anode are turned into hydrogen gas [8]. Conventional production of hydrogen requires 10 times the amount of energy as an adapted MFC, making the MFC the most efficient and environmentally-friendly way to generate hydrogen for use as a fuel.
Mercer (adapted from Microbe Magazine)/Reprinted with permission from the American Society for Microbiology (Microbe, January 2006, p. 20-24).
Remote Sensors
MFCs can run low-power sensors that collect data from remote areas. For example, scientists have replaced a traditional wireless thermometer in the Palouse River in Washington with one powered by a MFC. This microbial fuel cell is integrated into the riverbed, as shown in Fig. 6. A simple microbial fuel cell consisting of a cathode attached to an anode by a metal wire. By placing the anode in the anaerobic sediment of a river or ocean and placing the cathode in the aerobic water right above the sediment, a current is generated. Anaerobic bacteria that naturally grow in the sediment produce the small current that can be used to charge a capacitor to store energy for whenever the sensor needs it. One major advantage of using a microbial fuel cell in remote sensing rather than a traditional battery is that the bacteria reproduce, giving the MFC a significantly longer lifetime than traditional batteries [2]. The sensor can thus be left alone in a remote area for many years without maintenance.
Microbial fuel cells can also be used in the bioremediation of water containing organic pollutants such as toluene and benzene, compounds found in gasoline. The MFC design is altered so that the fuel cell floats on top of polluted water. The anode is submerged in the water where organic pollutants feed the bacteria while the cathode floats on top of the water. The organic pollutants are decomposed to carbon dioxide and water, cleansing the polluted lake or stream. The MFC can be left alone in remote natural bodies of water, just like the remote sensor [9]. A working prototype shown in Fig. 7 has been deployed in a polluted marsh in Mexico and is beginning the process of cleaning up the worlds remote rivers.
Remote Power Source
The advancement of microbial fuel cell technologies in the 1980s was largely spurred by the dream of providing cheap, accessible power to remote regions of Africa, where 74% of the population lives without electricity [10]. Although implementation of homemade MFC use in Africa is just beginning, microbial fuel cells that run on manure and dirt have been developed and tested. The electrical current produced by a simple homemade MFC is enough to recharge a cell phone battery, an important communication and lighting tool to rural African communities. Companies such as Lebone Solutions are trying to create simple microbial fuel cells that can be easily built by using commonly found items in rural farming communities. The materials required to construct this simple MFC are soil, manure, copper wire, buckets, and graphite cloth. Fig. 8 shows the simple homemade MFC that could charge cell phones in poor African countries.
- [1] "MURI Public Outreach: How Does an MFC Work?" MURI: Microbial Fuel Cell Project. Internet: http://mfc-muri.usc.edu/public/how.htm. [Feb. 28, 2010].
- [2] J. D. Coates. K. Wrighton. "Microbial Fuel Cells: Plug-in and Power-on Microbiology." Microbe Magazine, 2009. [Feb. 28, 2010].
- [3] H. Liu. R. Ramnarayanan. B. E. Logan. "Production of Electricity during Wastewater Treatment Using a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell." Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 38, iss. 7, pp. 2281-2285, 2004.
- [4] B. E. Logan. "Microbial Fuel Cells: Methodology and Technology." Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 40, iss. 17, pp. 5181-192, 2006.
- [5] "Modified Microbial Fuel Cell Produces Electricity and Desalinates Water." FuelCellsWorks: Leader in the Fuel Cell Industry. Internet: http://fuelcellsworks.com/news/2009/08/09/modified-a-microbial-fuel-cell-produces-electricity-and-desalinates-water/, Aug. 9, 2009. [Mar. 19, 2010].
- [6] "Microbial Fuel Cell: High Yield Hydrogen Source And Wastewater Cleaner." ScienceDaily. Internet: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/04/050422165917.htm., Apr. 25, 2005. May 3, 2010.
- [7] B. E. Logan. Microbial Fuel Cells. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2008. Print.
- [8] K. Rabaey and W. Verstraete. "Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation." Trends in Biotechnology 23.6 (2005): 291-98. Print.
- [9] A. Junyeong et al. "Floating-Type Microbial Fuel Cell (FT-MFC) for Treating Organic-Contaminated Water." Environmental Science and Technology 43.5 (2009): 1642-647. Print.
- [10] C. Doty. "For Africa, 'energy from dirt'" New York Times, Oct. 11, 2008. [Feb. 26, 2010].
- [11] C. Dillow. "Microbial Fuel Cell Cleans Wastewater, Desalinates Seawater, and Generates Power." Popular Science. Internet: http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-08/microbial-fuel-cell-cleans-wastewater-desalinates-seawater-and-generates-power, Sept. 26, 2009. [Feb. 28, 2010].
- [12] "Microbial fuel cell." Internet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cell. [Feb. 28, 2010].
- [13] K. Nealson. "Microbial Fuel Cells: Biofuels for energy production and waste disposal." Speech. USC Provost's Energy Retreat FEEI. Internet: http:www.mfc-muri.usc.edu/publications/presentations_pdf/mfc.pdf. Feb. 25, 2006. [Feb. 28, 2010].
- [14] "Waste Not, Want Not: Use the Microbial Fuel Cell to Create Electricity from Waste." Science Fair Project Ideas, Answers, & Tools. Internet: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Energy_p026.shtml. [Feb. 27, 2010].
- [15] S. Wilkinson. "Gastrobots"—Benefits and Challenges of Microbial Fuel Cells in Food Powered Robot Applications." Autonomous Robots, vol. 9, 2000: 99-111.


text:
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I found some BASIC games a guy had programmed on his Tandy 1000EX here : http://www.brooksdeforest.com/tandy1000/
After fixing most of the files so they would actually work, I got this guy's games working. They were surprisingly impressive, often using 160x200x16 graphics and 3-voice sound. I do not know yet if they will work in the PCjr. given potential differences between Cartridge BASIC and Tandy GW-BASIC and memory sizes (PCjr. 128KB, Tandy 1000EX/HX 256KB). While these games are a bit slow and simple, still they are very impressive given the extra work required to get this stuff working.
Are there any other games that exist that make use of the PCjr.'s enhanced graphics and sound and actually run on a PCjr.? Type-in listings from the short heyday of the PCjr. perhaps?


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ChristianLeague is a group of close-knit individuals who work around the world to ensure the safety of those who cannot protect themselves. Our elite team members work night and day, increasing safety and awareness in their respective communities. Our kind has been described as "real life superheroes" by the media.
Most children aspire to be superheroes when they grow up. But they rarely go out and make it happen. That's who we are. We were those children. We are your average next-door neighbor, fighting to keep our traditional values and the people of the world safe from any and all threats. Our pledge is to remain under the law, to protect the common man whenever possible, and to reach the planet with the divine Word of God.
The heroes of ChristianLeague seek to better their communities through charity work, outreaches, and patrols, along with other operations. Some team members are "crimefighters", seeking out crime and injustice and ending it at the source; while others are almost exclusively charity and outreach workers, raising awareness and assisting the homeless and needy.
We envision a world where children don't have to be afraid to go out in the dark. A world where the streets of the biggest cities are safe enough for anyone. A world without spiritual darkness in high places. A world without hungry people on street corners. A world without injustice.


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School of Social Work – Dean's Luncheon with the Class of 2013
Congratulations graduating students!
Your hard work has paid off. Your diploma and professional social work career is soon to be in hand.
Now is the time to celebrate at the beautiful Roostertail waterfront venue. RSVP to attend the School of Social Work Dean's graduation luncheon at the Roostertail in Detroit on Wednesday, May 1, 2013 from 11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. RSVP to this invitation by April 23rd by using the link; http://www.doodle.com/ghp3qu5wfbw6x3u4.
Don't miss out on this enjoyable and elegant lunch with opportunities to celebrate with your fellow graduates, the dean, faculty members, academic staff, and members of the School of Social Work Board of Visitors and Alumni Association Board. Contact the OASS for more information at (313) 577-4409.


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Printed Guitarbook
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The Complete Guitar Transcription for Tesseract's 2015 album "Polaris".
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A E A D E A D - Dystopia, Hexes, Tourniquet, Utopia, Phoenix, Messenger, Cages.
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This book comes with a copy of the 'print-ready' PDF e-book AND the complete Guitar Pro 6 files for the entire album (guitars only)


text:
For your subscribers, we had guided that if there was no "earth shattering" type news over the weekend, then we would likely rally into the Monday session. Well, the geopolitial events unfolded early Friday and the effects appear to be minimal from the Syrian situation so we gapped up nicely and fell right into our suggested long entries from our playbooks posted before 9 pm yesterday. Take a look for yourself here below. If you were a subscriber, you perhaps would not be reading this but instead telling us a successful trade story today!
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text:
Buriram PEA
Formed: 1970 (relocated and renamed Buriram PEA in 2010)
Stadium: i-mobile Stadium, Buriram
Nickname: Thunder Castle
Best player: Suchao Nutnum
Website: www.burirampea.com
Main Sponsor: King Power
Mr Chidchob's purple machine will almost certainly be Muang Thong's main title threat in 2011. A strong team with a lot of money and influence at their backs, PEA are favourite's in many people's eyes (including this writer's) to end Muang Thong's recent dominance. Most of their signings have been pretty low-key, but they've retained the services of all their best players including their talismanic striker Suchao Nutnam.
Chiang Rai United
Formed: 2009
Stadium: Mae Fah Luang University Stadium, Chiang Rai
Nickname: The Fighting Beetles
Best Player: Wasan Natasan
Website: www.chiangraiunited.com
Main Sponsor: Leo
Certainly not a title contender, but this remarkable club has enjoyed back-to-back promotions since joining the fledgling Regional League in 2009. Their debut in the top flight geographically stretches the division as never before. Mid-table would suit them, and the gruelling journey away teams will have to make could be key to putting points on the board. Thirteen close-season signings will certainly aid them in their quest for survival.
Formed: 2002
Stadium: OBD Stadium, Chonburi
Nickname: The Sharks
Best Player: Ekkaphan Inthasen
Website: www.chonburifc.net
Main Sponsor: Chang
The 2007 champions were second in 2008 and 2009, and third last year. The original 'big club,' the 2010 FA Cup winners are now deeply in the shadow of Muang Thong and PEA. The title looks beyond them but second place and another cup victory are realistic.
Buriram PEA


text:
A readily available remedy for a sore throat that a man carries with him at all times. The sufferer simply inserts the man's penis into her/his mouth and awaits the rush of medicinal goodness that's sure to cure even the most severe of sore throats*.
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Corey complained that her throat was sore, and Jon offered her a sausage lozenge.
by CoreyLovesPaintball March 21, 2009
buy the domain for your pet vlog


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Orienteering World Ranking system will change in 2014
Posted on | November 1, 2013 | Category: News
The IOF Council has decided to change the World Ranking system for foot orienteering from the beginning of 2014. From then on, there will be two separate World Ranking (WR) lists for foot orienteering:
•One for middle/long type WR events to be known as the Orienteering World Ranking List
•One for sprint type WR events to be known as the Sprint Orienteering World Ranking List
Points calculation
Any competitor who successfully finishes a World Ranking Event according to the rules of the event shall gain at least 10 ranking points.
The basic scoring algorithm for calculating scores as it currently exists will be retained. The ranking period for scores to count is 18 calendar months for each ranking list. The most recent "home" IOF Regional Championships can be counted in the ranking score, even if they were more than 18 months ago, where the competitor is a citizen of a nation in that Region. A maximum of two World Orienteering Championships (WOC) final scores can be counted in a person's individual ranking.The 4 best scores subject to the above provision are counted for a person's total ranking score in each ranking list.
Winners of WOC Finals will get 1500 ranking points. Winners of World Cup events, The World Games, Regional Championships (World Cup status) get 1450 ranking points. Winners of Regional Championships (non World Cup status) get a minimum possible score of 1100 ranking points, max. possible score of 1400 ranking points. All other WRE winners including at the Junior World Championships, and at CISM and FISU events: A max. possible score of 1400 ranking points and a min. possible score of 800 ranking points.
Each member Federation may conduct up to 3 middle/long style World Ranking Events and 3 sprint World Ranking Events over a calendar year in addition to the hosting of any high level IOF Events.
We will shortly publish calculations on how this new system will influence the current World Ranking List.


text:
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text:
Great for Garage Storage!
1.Substantial 2.Good color 3.Large interior storage 4.Easy to put together (once your figure out which is L and R 5. Company was easy to deal with!
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Avg. Customer Rating: (12 customer reviews)
The most favorable review
Great for Garage Storage!
1.Substantial 2.Good color 3.Large interior storage 4.Easy to put together (once your figure out which is L and R 5. Company was easy to deal with!
The most critical review
12 Results
Excellent cabinet -- had some dings
Your review: This is a 5-star cabinet, but the top deformation subtracted a star. Two corners of the top were deformed, and had to be corrected (pliers and hammer) before assembly could continue. Carton and packing were not damaged (as were other pieces in carton), leading me to believe that the top left the factory with the deformation. The top had clearly been dropped on the corners. Even with this defect, the cabinet is better than any competitive cabinet I found.
Pros: 1 - One person assembly is trivial. 2 - 21 ga steel is heavier than competitive cabinets. 3 - Stable, with good door closing.
Cons: 1 - had serious dings in top. Package and Styrofoam protection was undamaged. (Dinged at factory?) 2 - Hinges, while fully adequate, are not as long as pictured. knobs on hinges are plastic inserts.
1 person found this review helpful
Great for Garage Storage!
Your review: I wanted some substantial cabinets for storing many different articles in my garage. These are PERFECT! They are well made and were easy to put together. They are nice looking, will improve the appearance of my garage, and will hold a lot of the clutter. One suggestion: the large parts need to be labeled because it takes time to figure out which are the left and the right sides. I'm VERY happy with this purchase!
Pros: 1.Substantial 2.Good color 3.Large interior storage 4.Easy to put together (once your figure out which is L and R 5. Company was easy to deal with!
Cons: Need to label large parts to help builder discover Left and Right sides of cabinet. This is a minor problem--should not deter someone from purchasing these wonderful cabinets.
1 person found this review helpful
Almost perfect
Your review: The cabinet is heavy gauge steel, with doors that fit. Only issue (costing a star) was the severe ding in a corner of the top. Neither the carton nor Styrofoam packing had any damage -- the severe dent was there when packed. Used pliers to straighten and proceed with assembly.
Pros: Assembly is a breeze -- one person is adequate, though two might make a few operations easier. Assembly instructions are mostly pictures, but video is available online. All parts were included. Cabinet back pieces and sides fit tabs into slots. Alignment was quite good. Shelves fit perfectly. Doors close well. Of course, leveling is required, as with any cabinet.
Cons: Only con was bad deformation in a corner of the top. Neither carton nor Styrofoam package showed any damage. Suggestion would be to label parts (removable, or light marking) to make identification easier, and thus make it even easier to assemble.
1 person found this review helpful
Sturdy Cabinets!
Your review: We haven't had these cabinets for long, but so far I'm very impressed with the quality of the workmanship for a decent price. They were fairly easy to put together, and once assembled they are sturdy and strong, including the shelves and the handles, which work smoothly. They are exactly what we need for storage of both large and small items . Our company is very satisfied with this product.
1 person found this review helpful
Sturdy Cabinets
Your review: I shopped around for metal cabinets that can take a load and stand up to normal day to day use. These cabinets appear as strong as advertised and the price is better than many of the flimsy ones out there. Took about an hour to assemble with no problems. Shipping was a bit expensive, but still worth it in the end. Shipper was several days later than what was promised. I'ld buy them again, if needed.
1 person found this review helpful
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Click here to see the instructions.
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Michael Buckner/Getty Images
It was a ceremony made in Heaven.
Beverly Mitchell, best known as Lucy Camden on 7th Heaven, swapped vows today in Naples with Michael Cameron, with former TV sisters Jessica Biel (accompanied by Justin Timberlake) and Mackenzie Rosman among the seven, natch, bridesmaids.
About 100 guests attended the ceremony, a rep for the actress tells E! News. However, the publicist says that earlier reports claiming Hilary and Haylie Duff were also in the bridesmaid brigade were "inaccurate."


text: this recipe has been make by myself many of times and has never let me down! It has also led me to do many charity bakes and sell cakes at a local cafe. place butter in a mixing bowl and mix till soft, to make this easier butter can be placed outside the fridge a few hours before baking.add sugar and stir till all mixed in.add the self raising flour until the mixture looks like bread crumbs.next whisk eggs in a seperate bowl and add a little at a time to the original mixture, this will add a much air as you can to the cake making it light and fluffy.place mixture into a grease proof baking tin and cook of gas mark 4 for around 30 minutes.once your cake has been cooked and allowed to cool sprinkle with a little icing sugar and enjoy! Please note: this recipe has been created and uploaded by a member of the Tesco Real Food online community. Tesco does not test customer recipes so cannot accept responsibility for the content, validate the results or answer queries regarding them.


text:
This is a rhino that I did for much the same reason as the night lords. I have to have them represented and I found someone with a couple of squads that let me paint a rhino that was unpainted. As you can see in the pics, I just base coated the model with a cheap dark blue spray from walmart and then dry brushed it with green highlights. I am just trying to get the models indentified with the legion and it passed the random, What legion is this?, test! I would like to paint the scales and a hydra head on it but I just dont have the time. Completion time = 2 hrs
Sunday, July 27, 2008
Alpha Legion Rhino
Posted by Black Matt at Sunday, July 27, 2008
1 comments:
- Anonymous said...
Looking good there :)
You should come over to our forum:
and show off your wares there; our memebers would want to see your stuff :)
- December 1, 2008 at 5:00 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Mayor Harold Washington and the man who could challenge him in the 1987 mayoral race, Ald. Edward Vrdolyak (10th), held competing press conferences Friday to roll out some time-honored ideas to gain the attention--and support --of the city`s 104,000 registered Hispanic voters.
Vrdolyak touted a tag day to raise money for victims of the Mexico City earthquakes.
Washington, meanwhile, called on Chicagoans to support a California grape boycott on behalf of labor leader Cesar Chavez.
Flanked by Chavez, head of the United Farm Workers, the mayor announced his support for a nationwide boycott of table grapes because of a dispute with California growers over the use of pesticides and their refusal to bargain with Chavez`s union.


text:
Saturday, February 26, 2011
coming soon
I also have to upload much of my video collection from DVD to my hard drive, cut it, and format it. Bear with me and we'll get it done.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
A couple of unique ways to handle the free in the eight man front
As we continue with the series on handling the eight man front, a couple of ideas we "toyed" with from time to time came to mind.
There are really only 5 concepts to handle the safety and still run the triple and basically everything we've written so far (or will write as we finish up this article) will fit into one of these modes:
- Use a blocker to block the free and leave a different person unaccounted for (already discussed)
- Add a blocker by formation to account for the numbers (future blog)
- Tempo the free safety so as to make him account for everything (already discussed)
- Block one of the option responsibilities while leaving two defenders free to play one of the others (already discussed and future blog)
- Use one offensive player to become two options allowing for an extra blocker to be added to the perimeter in order to match numbers. (today's blog)
Remember, we are talking about finding our answers within the triple for this concept. Yes, there are other plays and answers that match this defense. However, those are best left for another discussion as the vastness of possibilities would exceed our grasp.
Allowing one offensive player to be two options and then adding a player to the perimeter
When we discuss this we must remember we are talking about a set way to play the triple – a repetitious pattern.
The following two calls have been in our playbook for years. They have been used sporadically with good if not great success. Where they originated I really have forgotten over time. However, the guard pull scheme has been utilized by Air Force against Utah, TCU, and others this past year. (At least I'm assuming it was this scheme. Although the scheme may look the same assignment wise, you really can't tell the quarterback thought process or what "concept" was initiated by a film.)
Using the quarterback as the first two options.
By using the quarterback as the first two options you have freed the fullback to be an added blocker to the scheme.
The guard pull scheme: (see fig.1)
This is the main scheme that I saw Air Force employ this year (to my surprise) It must be run to the three technique.
Playside tackle: Gap, read, down (Use good down block technique on the tackle)
Playside guard: pull around handoff key (#1) for the backer. (See previous article on the fifty for technique) key is to be aware of the tight scrape.
Center back: reach
Playside halfback: easiest release to the free safety (you are blocking for the quarterback and pitch only. See safe call for technique.)
Fullback: triple path, fake. (full-ride) if you don't get tackled block linebacker in hole to levels. (Be physical. You may take linebacker where he goes)
Quarterback: ride hip of fullback. (Do not put ball fully in the stomach) read handoff key. On give key tuck off inside hip of fullback, get north and south, make single gap cut off the fullback.
In essence the quarterback becomes the fullback vs. a give read. Another way to look at is that you have combined the quarterback tuck with the triple and get the best of both worlds. Remember**** you are doing this because you are getting / expecting a heavy dose of squeeze and scrape. This is an answer and not a staple of an offense.
If we get a give read it would look like the following: (fig 2)
A key coaching point is the quarterback must duck off the inside hip of the fullback. This does two things: a) it pulls the quarterback further away from the handoff key; not allowing him to fall back inside, and b) since you are expecting "squeeze and scrape" the cut off the linebacker would normally be through his inside shoulder.
As a variation of this we will add "special" blocking. "special" is a tag that can be used whenever #3 is the free safety and the halfback is assigned to him. (see fig.3) The halfback and wide-receiver will exchange assignments with the halfback arcing the widest corner. The wide=receiver will cut his split 3 yards and push (up to 5 yards) crack the free safety's upfield shoulder.
This is a great way to set up the wheel vs. an eight-man front because the halfback crossing #2's face is now the norm and places him in a bind. (see fig.4)
Again, this is an answer for a problem – not a catch all. It is a way to take a known defensive reaction and use it to your advantage. It also shows that if you take any of the five concepts above and work backwards you can come up with your own ways to defeat the free-safety in the alley. This is the problem solving approach I have used to any situation: List the problem (i.e. outnumbering us with the free), reverse the problem into offensive concepts (i.e. outnumber the defense again) then come up with concrete, rote answers. Of course answers on paper don't always translate into answers on the field due to time, distance, and speed factors.
We have also run a loop version of this (the second play using this concept.) to an A-gap player using the tackle as the wrap around blocker. (fig 5) However, that was earlier in my career when the 5-techniques were played much tighter. The rise of the rocket has widened these defensive players and this scheme became a version of the "quarterback follow." However, at times if used properly this can be a great companion to the rocket as the 5 technique becomes in a bind with the wide movement of the tackle. If he peeks inside the rocket is there. If he runs outside for the rocket, there is a huge tuck hole for the quarterback.
I feel I would be remiss if I didn't answer why this must be run to the 3-technique. (Air ran it to an A-gap lineman and I believe it cost them the Utah game in a crucial situation.)
If you run it to an A-gap linemen and still tight reach the center (Not including a 2i), the defensive tackle will "backdoor" the down-block due to the distance and make the play on the QB from behind (what happened to Air Force vs. Utah) (fig 6)
If you have the center wide reach and get at least his near shoulder on the 2i, essentially posting him for the down-block, then you can't block the backside linebacker and he becomes the player that outnumbers you. (fig 7)
These are not your normal answers to handling the safety but they could be very big if used correctly to match defensive numbers
Hope this helps
Feel free to post on the message board. Let's get the community up and running.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Is your quarterback an extension of your offense or is your offense an extension of your quarterback?
This conversation struck a chord because a number of years ago I heard Bill Walsh describing the same "fit" when finding a quarterback for his offense. It was his basis for drafting Joe Montana when many people passed. Put Montana in a vertical stretch offense and you probably don't have a hall-of-famer. His arm simply was not strong enough. He went a little further to explain that one of Montana's strong suits was that he thoroughly understood what they (the 49ers) were trying to accomplish and was able (and happy to) function within the parameters set forth by the system.
On the other hand, we've all seen the other side of this. We've all been brainwashed by raw athletic ability and over the last quarter center we've all been "espnized" with highlight reel quarterback. The ad-libber! The guy who makes plays outside the offense. The reversed field scramble followed by the 60 yard heave for the miracle touchdown that is forever imprinted in our minds. And at some time in our career we've all gotten caught up in a great athlete who just "makes plays." And therein lies the problem! An opinion biased on a small portfolio of work. Yet, that work is spectacular enough to sway our opinion.
(In another Fox show the announcers were talking about the same thing when they said that Brady and Manning rarely ended up on the highlight reel except to show their high completion percentages within the structure of the offense. In fact their highlights individual are basically a boring procession of normal plays executed over and over again.)
So I started looking back at the quarterback's I had and the success tied into each of them. The three of the five greatest athletes I ever coached were at the quarterback position including one at the college level. Their highlight film of individual plays would make your jaw drop. Many of their greatest plays were outside the system. Yet, despite all this ability to make plays, I had the worst years of my coaching career. With these "circus," "freak" type plays in our minds we forget the attempted plays outside the system that put us in the hole or, worse yet, came at such an inopportune time they cost a big turn in the game's outcome. We let the great play cloud our overall judgment. Like a high-tech car chase in a bad movie that leaves the crowd buzzing and telling friends to go despite the overall lackluster performance.
(I'll use the quarterback from Georgia Tech as a prime example of what I'm talking about. In a televised game a couple of years ago, on an early drive he started with triple to the right then reverse 180 degrees and ran to the left 60 yards leading to a touchdown. He also pulled the ball down very early (THE RUSH WAS NOWHERE NEAR HIM!) and outran the defenders for a crucial first down that kept a scoring drive alive. Sounds great doesn't it. However, in the 4th quarter, now trailing, he made the same 180 degree cut on 3rd and 2 and lost 4 yards. Then in the two minute offense he pulled the ball down early again scrambled and lost 18, effectively ending any chance of success. When I talked to my option friends they were enamored by the plays he made and chalked off the others as trying to make a play. They were in essence "espnized" by the human highlight reel.)
These out of the system plays don't have to just involve the feet. They can be the QB that holds the ball extra long to make a 30yard fade completion a pass that travels 60 yards in the air. Or a quarterback who ignores the reads of the system and forces a pass into coverage. Or a timing route that is held extra long so as to have to force a ball into a now constricted window. You see it all the time. The throw makes espn and people rave at the strength of the quarterback's arm and his courage to throw it into such a small window.
The fact that we had little success with these great athletes lead me to continue my investigation. Was it me? My coaching style? Why were we lacking success with such great athletes? We had great success with lesser athletes! Why then? Certainly a search into this topic would help my overall coaching success.
The answer it turned out was simple. It's what Billick and Mora talked about. The others were an extension of myself and my play calling. Don't get me wrong, the others were good athletes who "made plays." However, they made them within the structure of the offense. This may be a great cut off a scraping linebacker. Or outrunning the safety in the alley. Or making a perfect over the shoulder throw, right on rhythm, on the wheel. (Staying with Rodgers, he certainly made his share of plays in the super bowl. Whether it be the vertical he threw on the last drive or the post he hit splitting three defenders, he made great plays. He did them tough within the structure of the offense.) How many of us remember marveling at Thomas Lott or JC Watts dazzling us once in the option alley.
It's a simple formula. If you have a sound complete system, one that holds up to everything and contains a logistical methodology of getting into and out of the right plays, then the execution is the essential element. (Which I believe we do) If you believe that coaching up your system gives the players the best chance of success, then a "system" quarterback is what you are looking for. You don't need the plays, both good and bad, outside the system to be successful. In fact the more the quarterback gets away from the system the less chance you have to win. If the quarterback understands what you wants and plays within this system then you always have a chance. You have narrowed the game down to two aspects: coaching and execution. The first is 100% on you and the latter is a reflection of your teaching and preparation. So in essence, you've put the game on your shoulders as a coach.
On the other side of the spectrum, I don't know how many times in the course of the technical aspects of the game and in clinics I've heard coaches say "well the player has to make plays too." Think about that answer. First of all, you've eliminated yourself from the formula for success. It's now him adlibbing. It has become his play. Secondly, you've coped out. What most coaches need to say is "I can't figure out an answer so I'm hoping he does!" It's the football equivalent of a bailout of a bankrupt coach. It's your job as a coach to give him the answers. And, if you don't know find out. If you're one of these coaches then you better have a "magician" to create an offense where it isn't there by design.
In the end, these kind of "outside the box" players will lose more games for you and get you fired quicker than you can say "wow!" to his last great move. If you don't believe that, do some research on Jeff George, who many say had one of the greatest physical skill sets to enter the NFL. His arm strength, release, and athletic ability caused coach after coach to risk their careers on him. Many lost that risk. Over and over again, as he traveled from team to team, you read "he just doesn't play within the system. The fans love the individual plays but they'll quickly blame you when the adlib goes astray. They'll blame it on the lack of structure or bad play-calling. It can't be the quarterback, he just went 60 all on his own.
So now, when defining our offense, we include as the first "skill sets" for a quarterback three aspects that have nothing to do with physical or mental capacity:
Understands what we are trying to accomplish schematically with the offense
Is able to manage and execute within the limits of the offense (this may include other physical skills listed later on.)
Has a burning desire to run the offense as described (this is important because we've all heard the phrase "I just want to make plays."
If you find somebody with some athletic ability that can adhere to this and you have a complete sound system then you have it all. If you don't have that great athlete or if you have to settle for a little less ability, by sticking to these principles you still have a chance the offense will do as it was designed to do and score through execution and coaching.
Friday, February 11, 2011
A different way to block a 50 without a tightend or three man side
When I first started running the flexbone my research lead me to a unique blocking scheme that Air Force vs. this look. (In the past 3 years I believe I've still seen them incorporate this at times.) We want the best of both words. By veering the tackle with the defensive tackle squeezing down, we insure that the dive is taken essentially eliminating the need for a double to handle the nose. By pulling the guard around for the backer, we have ensured a seal block on the scrape linebacker, basically doing the same thing that the loop did but getting the results we want. (fig 3)
There are a couple of coaching points on this play:
- The veer tackle, once the linebacker scrapes and is on his way to cutoff the backside safety must check the backside linebacker. With the nose in frontside A, the backside linebacker can come off late and be a factor on the quarterback. So the tackle has playside linebacker to backside backer to backside safety.
- When pulling the guard must open step. This gives him about ½ yard of depth. Additionally he wants to stay as square as possible to the line of scrimmage and as tight as possible to the tackle. This accounts for the tight scrape by the linebacker and does not let him come underneath and play the quarterback. (fig 4) We want his eyes on the linebacker so he can adjust to the wider scrape. In order to do that and come tight to the tackle, we tell him to take his playside hand and pull himself (feel himself around might be a better term) around the tackle. (fig.5)
- Some people don't like this scheme because of the guard pulling in front of the quarterback's vision. With practice though I never have had a major problem. You do need to tell the quarterback that any contact made on the guard is an automatic give. Thus the handoff key crashing the mesh would usually be disrupted by the guard and a give would result.
Vs. a 4i
As with all our veer schemes when we get a 4i we will make a call and block the 4i, turning the triple into a double option. (we read our way out in our "loop" scheme) When the fullback hears this call, he will abort the fake and am at the inside leg of the wing, wrapping himself around for the scrape backer to the backside safety. The quarterback will skip out and execute double option technique on #2 (OLB) (fig.6) We have two people on the backer (Guard and fullback); of which, we expect one to block the backside safety. We can get a hat on EVERYBODY here.
In conclusion, although we haven't used this scheme recently because we don't see a 50 that much, in the past it has been very successful for us. It has given the offense a chance to "veer" a 50 without using a tightend or tackle over. It also adheres to basic 3 back option philosophy of have two people on the inside linebacker.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
More ways to defeat the 8 man front's free safety in the alley
This is a continuation on the previous post on handling the free safety in the alley. We are adding 2 new methods and a play action pass off each.
Read Cracking the Free Safety
Another way to handle the free safety is to "read crack" him. The read part of the crack comes into play to make sure you don't get double support. (Both the corner and safety support the run on the play.)
When you perform this technique you are in essence leaving the corner one on one with your pitch man. You are making a cover player tackle. (see below) In addition to his tackling of the pitch in this style of defense the corner is usually responsible for the vacated post area. He can do that in two ways. The first is a zone or off technique that allows the him to read the release of the splitend and only man up on routes over 8 yards. The second places the corner in inside man and usually plays him in a bump or tight alignment in order to stop him from cracking.
Fig 1 shows the read crack in action. Since it only involves the wide receiver it is the easiest adjustment to teach and adapt.
Wide receiver's technique: (as I learned it from West Point and Air Force)
- Cut split 3 yards (we call that a minimum split)
- Push off the line with speed at the outside corner of the wide receiver.
- If the corner goes back or is in man (presnap read) as you push down the field eyeball the safety.
- If the safety starts to fill you will now crack him
- Vs. zone your push should be strong enough that you come back aiming at the upfield shoulder. You need to get this push (about 8 yards to allow the pitchman to turn his shoulders upfield and create a two-way go on the corner.) You should be coming back at a negative angle to the line of scrimmage.
- Vs man it will happen quicker. The key is to get the corner to open up and turn his feet. Swat him by with your inside hand to the shoulder nearest the line of scrimmage and come underneath with a swim or rip move. The corner should follow you inside, in essence, taking two defenders with one blocker.
- Vs. zone your push should be strong enough that you come back aiming at the upfield shoulder. You need to get this push (about 8 yards to allow the pitchman to turn his shoulders upfield and create a two-way go on the corner.) You should be coming back at a negative angle to the line of scrimmage.
- If the corner sits – you must forget the free safety and stalk him as usual
There are a couple of key points here that must be emphasized:
- You must get a push upfield otherwise the corner reads the crack and is waiting on the line of scrimmage for the pitchman. I have seen people do this from right off the line and have mixed results depending how good the defense was in executing the call. (An example of this is army vs. ND when the corner replaced instantly and no gain was made. Also in Air force vs. Utah, the wide receivers flat path vs. bump was
- The crack usually starts between 8 and 12 yards in zone or off man and between 4 and 6 yards in bump.
- Aiming for the upfield shoulder allows the play to "circle the field." The only way for the defender is to slip under you. This precludes a "bad" angle to a footrace to the corner.
Although we "read crack" regularly, there are certain situations that we like it better than others.
If the defense is playing the free on the pitch, then we especially like it against a man concept on the perimeter. The corner should follow you inside (man responsible) which means that you are essentially blocking two people for one. (see fig. 2)
If the defense is playing the free on the quarterback, then we especially like this with a zone and a crack replace concept. Most DB's are taught to replace outside (second contain) on the pitch. In essence this gives the defense two players on one option assignment, allowing for a huge running seam for the quarterback. (see fig.3)
This does not mean they won't work in reverse situations. It just means these are ideal.
Play action pass off the read crack (fig.4)
As with everything else we do, we always go into a "read crack" game with the potential to throw the read crack pass for a touchdown. This is a simple pass to throw.
Read Crack: pass assignment
(Note: there are adjustments when we are in two high defenses. They will be mentioned in the rule but not explored here as the basis for this article is the eight man front with a single high.)
Playside wide receiver: cut split 5 yards so as to emphasize the fact you may crack (we tell the wide receiver to do anything he can to give away the fact he will be cracking the free – look at him, etc.) Release hard 4 steps then crack aiming for the upfield shoulder of the free. Anticipate the crack and break to near goalpost looking over your outside shoulder. (you have from pylon to goalpost to work.)
Playside Halfback. Vs. single high safety: Take a seal path off the handoff key and sprint to the opposite flat at a depth of 4 – 6 yards. (Width is more important than depth)
Vs. two high safeties: Run read wheel. With coverage over the top break it off at 14 back to 12. (We will not cover this in this section.)
Backside wide receiver: Run read takeoff. If even or by corner run takeoff. Coverage over the top, break it off at 16 back to 14.
Quarterback: single high safety. Go to the playside Wide receiver unless the safety stays over the top. If safety over the top, shuffle up and go backside WR (takeoff if corner beaten. If corner back – comeback to flat.)
Remember, you can go to the backside wide receiver because with a single high you are basically getting one-on-one coverage and running a man route.
Note: At times we will have theplayside hb in the protection and the backside halfback continue on his option path. Sometimes the free safety will read the motion and sprint to centerfield when he sees the hb block. This has a better pull on him.
Allowing two players on the quarterback and leverage pitching:
With our "safe" call we handle the free safety by taking one of our front blockers and allowing him to block the safety. (see fig. 5) It is important to note that the only time we do this is when we are getting a steady stream of the OLB / SS playing the quarterback and the free safety playing the pitch. If the reverse is true, you are sending your quarterback into an unblocked linebacker. Additionally, the quarterback must know that you are leverage pitching off the OLB and there is very limited (if not no chance) you to run.
Playside HB:
Start as if to seal the linebacker and take path to cut off free safety. Make sure you take angle to cut him off and keep him over the top.
Play action pass off the "safe" call (fig.6)
As we said above, we like to have a play-action pass off everything we run. Our "safe" call is no different. The pass we would run here is the "Divide" concept. Again, as it is explained we will give you the rule for one and two-high safeties. However, we will only discuss the single-high variant.
Divide: pass assignment
(Note: there are adjustments when we are in two high defenses. They will be mentioned in the rule but not explored here as the basis for this article is the eight man front with a single high.)
Playside wide receiver: read takeoff. If even or by corner run takeoff. Coverage over the top, break it off at 16 back to 14.
Playside Halfback.
Vs. single high safety: release as if sealing the backer. Run at safety. As he flows break deep for near goalpost looking over playside shoulder. You have from goalpost to pylon to work.
Vs. two high safeties: release as if arcing #3. Depth down the field is more important than width. Aim inside shoulder of safety. As safety passes, continue up field getting width but never wider then (high school) hash. Look over inside shoulder
Backside wide receiver: Run read takeoff. If even or by corner run takeoff. Coverage over the top, break it off at 16 back to 14.
Quarterback: single high safety. Read middle safety. If he fills, go to halfback. If the safety gains depth to cover the halfback, shuffle up and go to the playside wide receiver wide receiver.
Vs. two high: Read near deep safety. If he does anything but cover the halfback go to him. (do not lead him to backside safety.) If the near safety covers the halfback, shuffle up and go to the playside wide receiver.
Saturday, February 5, 2011
Friday, February 4, 2011
WE're Back
In order for this defense to be successful a couple of specifics must happen:
- The defensive end must squeeze hard enough to keep the tackle to the a-gap defensive linemen from getting a clean release to the lber and then up to the running safety. This necessitates a tighter alignment / shade of the 5 technique
- The inside linebacker must successfully read the veer scheme so that he can scrape tight and hard and absorb the halfbacks block from the inside –out. He must also widen this block to either help the Strong Safety bide time (Free safety on pitch) or not make the alley too big to cover the quarterback (Free safety on quarterback)
- The Strong Safety (outside linebacker) must bide time for the Free safety. If the Strong has the quarterback, he must sit and play the quarterback from a squat / feather position. This allows the free to get to the pitch and allows the Strong to turn and run and become the overlap player on the pitch.
If the Strong has the pitch, he cannot just run to the pitch. He has to play the pitch from the line of scrimmage so as not to open up so wide of a lane that the quarterback can run away from or gain a two-way cut on the free safety
- The corners must have inside leverage to take away the post. (Free safety vacating the middle) and can either play zone or man concepts. Regardless of their technique this basically will become man on any deep patterns.
Attacking this defense means taking advantage of what the defense does. It does not mean forcing a bad situation. Consider it like Judo and use the power of the defense against itself.
In the next couple of articles I will define a number of concepts for an option team to use against this defense. Hopefully one sticks in your mind and helps you with your game planning. There is no definitive answer. A lot depends on personnel (yours and theirs), the entire defensive structure, and your packages available. Over the years, I have used or practiced most of these. A couple where mentioned are ideas I've accumulated from other sources but have not actual run.
Concept #1
Based on personnel run your regular offense including the triple.
I know this sounds like a copout but it really isn't. Too many times offensive coaches see this defense and immediately say "I'm outnumbered. My triple is dead." There are a lot of factors that indicate your offense may be alive.
- The athletic ability and speed of the safety. If you watch an old film of Air Force vs. a Brian Urlacher lead defense from the 90's, you will see that he made every tackle waiting on the line of scrimmage for the pitch man. You need adjustments now. If you watch William Paterson University vs. Springfield College in 1996, you get a whole different perspective. As the offensive coordinator at WPU, I watched as Springfield shredded our defense without making a single adjustment. Our starting free safety was out and the replacement simply could not get there. He ended up chasing from behind every time. So be aware of personnel.
(What helps this is the act that the use of motion allows a flexbone team to get a "running start and pitch flat down the line rather than a backward pitch common with the old bold teams. (see below) Additionally, the use of leverage pitching combined with the flat pitch angle allows the QB to pitch off an outside linebacker who is slow playing the pitch while bidding time for the free safety to run the alley in order to play the quarterback. The same is true if you reverse responsibilities of the defenders. An earlier leverage pitch off the outside linebacker gives the pitch man a greater chance to outrun the free safety running the alley to the pitch. These techniques were thought previously unsound in the old option days where the pitch was made backwards and only after a firm commitment by the key allowing the slow play defender to run it down.)
NOTE: In analyzing personnel, this advantage is not diagnosed prior to the game on paper but during it in seeing if the safety can get there. (If you went on a pregame analysis Navy would never even try to run a play!!!!)
- The threat of your fullback and the ability of your offense to get the balls in his hands despite this scheme. If the fullback (and the quarterback for that matter) remains a threat to crease the line of scrimmage then the free safety must be slower in his path to the pitch or face the threat of every 5 yard gain becoming a home run with no back line defender available to save the touchdown. (Bowl game Navy vs. Utah a couple of years back. Utah plays this defense flawlessly except for the 3 or 4 times the fullback creases the front all resulting in TDS or very long runs setting up scores. Navy wins.) Simple put – you must slow down the free and give yourself an advantage in the footrace to the corner. In a latter part of this article we will discuss ways to keep the fullback alive.)
- Your ability to "flat pitch" down the line rather than back into the backfield. One of the advantages of running the flexbone over the traditional bone offenses is the ability of the pitch man running (motioning) prior to the snap. This not only makes a 4.8 seem like a 4.6 in the footrace with the safety but also allows you to pitch flat down the line of scrimmage rather than backward which restricts the ability of the pursuit to catch up to the pitch.
An offshoot of this reason that is seldom talked about is the ability of the back to square his shoulders to the line of scrimmage when catching the pitch. This allows the back a "full field" cuts rather than restrict him to a one way go. (fig.4 and fig. 5) Anybody's who taught on the defensive side of the ball realizes the hardest tackle to make in football is the head on, one-on-one tackle with the back square to the line. When running the safety in the alley it is far easier for him to keep his inside-out leverage on a pitch man who is already turned to the sideline. You must strive to catch the pitch going north and south.
Your ability to "tempo" the free safety in relation to the ball. How many options do you run? I ask this because most options contain the same aspects (2 way – QB and Pitch or 3 way – with a dive, quarterback, and pitch.) Well from a free safety's aspect all of those options represent a different angle of approach and speed to the perimeter. Additionally the entry points of the backs are all different causing the threat of the creased front going the distance. (see above) Add in the rocket which is a whole different angle and speed and the threat of play action pass and you force the free safety, already placed on a one on one tackling predicament to think about a whole lot more. An example of this is the midline tuck play run with normal pitch motion or Rocket Motion (fig. 6)
- How complex is the defense scheme. Some teams play quarterback and pitch responsibilities regardless of the option while others try to read and adjust to everything. The former is easy to scheme for with many of the specific adjustments or tags we will talk about throughout this article. The latter makes running your entire offense and forcing the defense to execute vs. all reads the way to go. (all with a couple of "screw 'em" reads thrown in for fun.) Remember that since the back end of the defense has been jeopardized playing this way you have a lot of chances for a big play.
- Patience. This is a defense that when played right will have a player for dive, quarterback, and pitch. It will be very tough to "grind against this defense and you will have a lot of zero to 2 yard plays. However, you will also have the chance for big plays.
COMING UP IN THE NEXT PARTS OF THE SERIES: Formationing a blocker on the free safety, read cracking and play action passing the free safety, catching the free with leaning or slowing him down with formations, letting 2 people play one option to block and play action the free, running double options to account for the free safety and play action off them, keeping the triple concept with 2 options to gain a blocker, getting the defense to play 2 people on one option and allowing another option to uncovered, and keeping the fullback in the game.


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