text:
Climate change will stunt middle class growth
Contrary to general understanding, new research suggests that middle class farmers who invest in newer farming technology are going to be more negatively effected by climate change than poorer subsistence farmers.
According to the South Africa Node, "households may actually become more vulnerable to droughts as they transition away from traditional agriculture towards more modern agricultural livelihood strategies. As such it is those in middle income groups who may be more vulnerable to drought than the poor or the better-off. [Q]ualitative evidence from households in Malawi and Botswana [show] an 'inverted U-shaped' relationship between vulnerability of livelihoods to drought and income. We hypothesize that this relationship arises because although traditional farming practices such as the use of traditional seed varieties and broadcast planting are less productive they are able to deliver harvests across a range of rainfall conditions. In contrast higher yielding modern crop varieties accompanied by the use of fertiliser have a narrower range of rainfall tolerances."
Implications from South Africa Node:
" [This research] highlights a need for a more nuanced approach to identifying vulnerability to climate change that goes beyond focusing just on the "poor". [Additionally] with more countries, communities and households being encouraged towards more modern agricultural practices in order to improve yields and so food security, more support is needed to help those in the middle to cope and adapt so as to reduce their vulnerability to drought while in transition."
Implications from Institute for the Future:
If climate change will indeed cause increased poverty within the newer middle class farming communities this in effect will undo work that has been done to bring the poorest farmers out of their cycle of poverty. As the middle class farmers find themselves in cycles of debt due to the inability to pay off their farming loans, they will fall back into no-to low-technology subsistence farming or move to urban slums in search of city work. As one group is helped up from the lowest step of the development latter, they will be supplanted by a new one. The danger is this new group of potentially impoverished farmers will be increasingly disenfranchised and may increase the potential for conflict.
Sources:South Africa Node April 2011, pg. 8


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- slide 1 of 6
First Mission
The Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) is an unmanned service and logistics vehicle used to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) with water, mail, food, compressed air, and experimental equipment. The ATV that was named Jules Verne, after the famous 19th century French author, successfully docked with the ISS on 3 April 2008. The vehicle carried spare parts for the European Columbus laboratory, personal items for the ISS crew, and a special 19th century edition of the Jules Verne classic De la Terre à la Lune (From the Earth to the Moon).
- slide 2 of 6
Before and After
Before any of that could happen, the launch and early operations phase (LEOP) put the ATV into low Earth orbit on an Ariane 5 launcher, which was one of the riskiest parts of the mission. Success was defined as the deployment of its solar array panels that generate the power used to control the spacecraft. The ATV has batteries, but they only last for a limited amount of time. The solar arrays have to work, or else the ATV cannot bring its orbit into line with that of the ISS. Fortunately, everything went swimmingly with Jules Verne.
After undocking on 5 September 2008, it made what is called a "destructive re-entry" into Earth's atmosphere over an uninhabited part of the Pacific Ocean on the 29th of September, 2008.
- slide 3 of 6
Other Tasks
Resupply is not the ATV's only function. It also refuels the space station by transferring propellant to the Zarya module, the Russian Functional Cargo Block, which was the first component launched for the International Space Station, in November 1998. The ATV is also equipped to reboost the ISS into its proper orbit, a regular maintenance chore that keeps the ISS from falling out of orbit due to atmospheric drag.
- slide 4 of 6
Multinational Effort
The ATV is closely monitored by a human staff back on Earth, but the docking is completely automatic, and the craft is designed to autonomously handle any emergency without damaging the ISS or putting the ISS crew in danger. While it is docked, it provides extra room for the crew, 22 cubic meters worth, approximately the size of a London double-decker bus. ESA has managed the project via remarkable cooperation between different space agencies and companies: France's EADS Launch Vehicles is the primary contractor for the ATV, with Aerospatiale's Les Mureaux responsible for the overall management and vehicle engineering and testing. Germany's Daimler Chrysler Aerospace is in charge of the production of the propulsion and reboost system. Alenia Spazio of Italy developed the cargo carrier, and Matra Marconi Space of France developed the avionics equipment and rendez-vous software. Oerlikon Contraves of Switzerland had the responsibility of designing the spacecraft structure subsystem, while Alcatel Bell Telephone of Belgium was responsible for electric ground support equipment.
- slide 5 of 6
The Johannes Kepler ATV
The next ATV, named Johannes Kepler after the German astronomer and mathematician, was delivered to the EADS Astrium in Bremen, Germany on the 10th of September 2009. It is scheduled for a November 2010 launch.
The Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) was built in Turin, Italy and was transported to Germany on a Beluga aircraft. Once in Germany, it was transferred to the Integration Hall, where it will be integrated with the two main ATV modules: the Equipped Avionics Bay (EAB) and the Equipped Propulsion Bay (EPB) for final testing. The avionics are undergoing thermal testing at the ESA Large Space Simulator in Noordwijk, Netherlands.
While the Jules Verne performed flawlessly, there were some lessons learned from its post-flight analysis that will be put in place so that the Johannes Kepler ATV is even better.
- slide 6 of 6

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Suede 18" doll boots with Sherpa fur lining come in a variety of colors. They can be worn tall with a closed zipper, or folded down to show the white fur around the top! Brown, Hot Pink, Green, Tan, Pink, Purple & Aqua...New colors - Green and Hot Pink. Product manufactured by Sophia's®. Fit 18" dolls like American Girl, Sophia, Madame Alexander, Springfield, and Our Generation.
Showing reviews 1-10 of 17 | Next
Posted by Mar on 9th Feb 2016
My nieces LOVE these boots! They will go well with lots of their new outfits (I gave them firm instructions to encourage their dolls to share outfits and return in the condition as when borrowed - really I did! And there hasn't been any fusing over who got what - that I know of anyway).
Posted by Unknown on 1st Jan 2015
The price was right, liked choice of colors, and the boots fit well on the American Girl Doll.
Posted by Nancy on 8th Jan 2014
Loved that the boots matched the jacket we bought.
Posted by Unknown on 29th Nov 2013
Best value for the money and very popular with all the little girls. Definitely would purchase again.
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I am pleased with these boots; they go on easily and socks, tights or leggings will fit in them.
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Absolutely beautiful!!!!
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Absolutely loved the boots - I know the girls will be surprised that there are actually look-alike UGS for their dolls. I would recommend this product for sure.
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Great for winter snow...
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My granddaughters have pink uggs and love that their dolls have them also...good product
Posted by Granny on 30th Jan 2013
I bought the first pair in tan to go with the shaggy vest. Then I bought a pair in hot pink to go with the sweat pants, shirt, jacket and hat. I just purchased a pair in brown to go with a brown tweed coat I made. Can't get enough. So cute with the lining.
Showing reviews 1-10 of 17 | Next


text:
MONTREAL, Sept. 9 /CNW Telbec/ - Just a few months after its successful launch of In Snax Pita Crisps, In Foods Inc. is about to wow the Quebec market once again with a healthy solution to the challenge of preparing daily meals. The innovative company today introduces its In Cuisin line of products-brand new natural and delicious mashed potatoes that will make mealtime a breeze...and an affordable one at that! It's a whole new approach to the ultimate comfort food and a welcome blend of tradition and today.
In Cuisin: a delicious, instant solution that will transform your meals
Microwave-ready in just two minutes, these revolutionary mashed potatoes will win you over with their freshness, taste and ease of preparation! Open, serve and heat: they're ready in two minutes and three steps!
New In Cuisin mashed potatoes are made with 100% real potatoes seasoned naturally with the very best natural ingredients: cream, butter and fresh herbs. Even the pickiest eater will fall in love with them. All ingredients are preservative free and ideal for children two years and up. Say goodbye to hours spent in the kitchen mashing potatoes!
"In Cuisin is revolutionizing mealtime, but with absolutely no compromise to the taste or quality of side dishes. It's a new, healthy product that's ready in just minutes," affirms Luc Prévost, Vice-President, Sales and Marketing of In Foods Inc. "These days, consumers can find many brands of instant mashed potatoes on the market, but In Foods offers a truly healthy solution in a range of fresh and natural flavours that will be popular with young and old alike," adds Cheria Kyres, Innovations Instigator of In Foods. "And mealtime will now be so much simpler for parents on the go!"
Five delicious flavours
Beginning today, these creamy, perfectly seasoned mashed potatoes are available at your favourite supermarket at a suggested retail price of $4.99. In Cuisin offers five delicious flavours to complement just about any dish you choose to prepare.
Garden Fresh Cauliflower Mash is an ideal low-cal, low sodium side dish offering the same mouthwatering taste as all of the other In Cuisin mashes. It's a culinary first! Garlic and Chive Mashed Potatoes is guaranteed to add flair and flavour to your meals. Smooth and creamy Carrot & Petite Pea Mashed Potatoes, with their perfectly cooked vegetables, will have your guests asking for seconds! Feel like your meals need a dash of colour? Our Garden Carrot variety is as pleasing to the eyes as it is to the palette. And last but not least, our original Cream & Butter Mashed Potatoes, with their rich, creamy taste, are an excellent accompaniment to fish, poultry, red meat and game.
About In Foods Inc.
Determined to become a leader in the area of national gourmet health and well-being, In Foods Inc. is a young Quebec company whose founders have more than 20 years' experience in the retail industry. In addition to contributing to the development of Europe's Best, these category builders offer new and imaginative products, which constitute practical and natural meal solutions of excellent quality and at affordable prices. In Foods Inc. innovates in the sector of practical-gourmet and strives to promote healthy eating habits. The company is committed to offering natural products, without preservatives, and as low in sodium as possible.
For further information: For further information: Stéphanie Babin, HKDP Communications and public affairs, 514-395-0375, ext. 238, firstname.lastname@example.com; Rosalie Bergeron, HKDP Communications and public affairs, 514-523-3352, ext. 243, firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Perioperative solutions
From supply chain performance to regulatory compliance, Pyxis™ Perioperative Solutions help your healthcare facility take a comprehensive approach to managing the Operating Theatre.
And not just any Operating Theatre - your Operating Theatre. Based on a deep understanding of the perioperative environment, our Pyxis™ Perioperative Solutions offer a broad and flexible platform of technologies and services that are tailored to your needs, starting with an analysis of your current clinical, operational and financial situation. The end result is a series of measurable improvements that help improve clinician satisfaction, reduce costs, save time and improve regulatory compliance.
For instance, Pyxis™ technologies with Operating Theatre information system (ORIS) integration help clinicians chart, charge and reorder with the touch of a button-automatically charting supply usage information directly into the patient record. Moreover, our analytics tools turn data into actionable information -helping you to monitor key performance indicators and pinpoint ways to further reduce costs and streamline workflow.
Optimize Operating Theatre performance by:
- Integrating supply management with your ORIS to improve workflow and revenue cycle management.
- Managing and standardizing pick list, preference items and trunk stock.
- Improving case costing and charge capture where applicable.
- Simplifying compliance for managing medications, tissues and implants.
- Gaining insight using our analytics tools and service offerings.
The Pyxis™ ParAssist handheld device from BD collects inventory data at remote or open-shelf supply inventory locations.
The Pyxis™ ProcedureStation system from BD provides rapid access to supplies in the perioperative environment and procedural suites.
The Pyxis™ JITrBUD device from BD attaches directly to existing storage systems and interfaces with MMIS systems to electronically document dispensed supplies.
The Pyxis™ CathRack system from BD manages supplies used in cardiac catheterization and interventional radiology labs, such as pacemakers, ICDs, stents, vascular grafts, catheters and guide wires.
- American Hospital Association (AHA)
- American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE)
- Association for Healthcare Resource & Materials Management (AHRMM)
- Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN)
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
- Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI)
- FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)
- GS1 US (formerly the Uniform Code Council)
- Healthcare Financial Management Association (HFMA)
- Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics
- The Joint Commission
- KLAS Research
- MD Buyline
The OR is controllable
Perioperative Solutions Resource Library
Our wide range of resources can help you understand, use and optimize our products.


text:
Leslie Howard and Wendy Hiller star in Anthony Asquith's and Leslie Howard's classic version of George Bernard Shaw's satiric comedy. Henry Higgins (Howard) is an upper class phonetics professor who encounters low-class guttersnipe Eliza Doolittle...more
All Pygmalion cast + crew photos
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2018 FANDANGO MOVIES.


text:
SEC Sues McGuireWoods Lawyer
The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, targeted corporate attorney Louis W. Zehil, who was part of McGuireWoods' private equity practice until he resigned earlier this month over the scandal.
The so-called PIPE transactions were allegedly handled through Zehil's financial services companies, Strong...
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text: This tough, bloody, gun-crazy 1966 Italian action flick from Sergio Corbucci (Navajo Joe, Super Fuzz) pistol-whipped and hog-tied into submission the spaghetti western genre already made popular by Leone's iconic "Man with No Name" trilogy, creating an international sensation all its own and spawning over 30 official sequels and countless knock-offs. European superstar Franco Nero (he of the unnaturally piercing blue eyes), in his star-making role, is Django, a tortured and enigmatic drifter who limps into a cruddy, mud-caked town (which is seemingly populated only by whores and a bartender), dragging behind him a heavy coffin for reasons unknown. Possibly looking for a little peace and quiet, he's soon caught up in a crazed battle between racist, red-hooded clansmen and a gang of trigger-happy banditos. As the guns begin to blaze and the bodies begin to drop, our hard-boiled anti-hero plays both sides of the fence, leading everyone to wonder exactly where his allegiance lies … and perhaps more importantly, exactly who – or what- is in that coffin? Filled with iconic images (Django dragging that damned coffin through the mud and grime) and still-shocking violence (an infamous ear-slicing scene liberally borrowed by Tarantino for Reservoir Dogs), Django is a misanthropic good time at the movies just begging to be rediscovered as Tarantino's brand-new Django Unchained (also featuring Franco Nero!) hits theatres. (Dir. by Sergio Corbucci, 1966, Italy, in Italian with English subtitles, Not Rated, Rialto Pictures/Blue Underground) HD Digital


text:
Williams is pursuing an expansion of its Transco interstate natural gas pipeline to provide additional service to New Jersey Natural Gas Company (NJNG). NJNG will use the capacity under the project to access additional sources of gas supply to provide system resiliency, service reliability, and operating flexibility.
The project has been designed to provide up to 180,000 dekatherms per day of natural gas service in two phases to a new delivery point with New Jersey Natural Gas in Burlington County, N.J. The project will include the installation of a new compressor station, meter and regulating station on land located in Burlington County, N.J. It will also require modifications and the addition of compression at an existing compressor station. No expansion of the pipeline is required.
Phase 1
- A new meter and regulating station on the Transco Trenton Woodbury Lateral in Burlington County, New Jersey
- The uprate of an existing electric motor drive to 25,000 horsepower and modification of the associated compressor unit at an existing Transco compressor station in Mercer County, N.J.
- Related appurtenant underground and aboveground facilities.
Phase 2
- A new 30,500 horsepower, electric motor-driven compressor station and associated electrical substation on the Transco Trenton Woodbury Lateral in Burlington County, N.J.
- The uprate of two existing electric motor drives to 16,000 horsepower each and replacement of the associated compressor units at an existing Transco compressor station in Mercer County, N.J.
- Related appurtenant underground and aboveground facilities.
Regulatory Process
Interstate natural gas pipelines are regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). As such, FERC requires pipeline operators to obtain a federal Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity, in addition to various state permits, before any pipeline facilities can be built.
Williams submitted an application to the FERC for the Garden State Expansion project in February 2015. The project was assigned Docket Number CP15-89 (view application the here). Following a comprehensive environmental review, FERC approved the project in April 2016.
[click to read Williams news release]
Proposed Schedule
- February 2015 – FERC filing
- April 2016 — FERC approval
- Third Quarter 2017 – Place Phase 1 into service
- Second Quarter 2018 – Place Phase 2 into service
Contact Us
If you have any questions, feel free to contact us anytime.
Phone: 713-215-2264


text:
MusicView All Events
Bluebird Cafe at Blackberry Farm
Featuring Barry Dean, Luke Laird and Lori McKenna
July 27, 2017
Event Fee
**Event Activity Fee sold separately from room.
Event Description
As part of its 35th anniversary, Nashville's legendary Bluebird Cafe will be sharing live performances from classic artists at Blackberry Farm for an intimate concert like never before. This year there will be a three-part series on three different dates. For years, the Bluebird Cafe has played a special role in discovering and sharing some of America's greatest musical talent. On July 27, Blackberry Farm will be hosting Barry Dean, Luke Laird and Lori McKenna. Experience the 'listening room' atmosphere in Blackberry style with a concert featuring these talented songwriters. If you love music and the stories behind the songs, then don't miss out.
How to Book
For more information and to reserve your place in this event, please call 1-800-557-8864 or email email@example.com for accommodation reservations and event participation pricing and confirmation.Reserve Now


text:
Facts and figures behind Northern Ireland legal aid dispute
Nearly 300 defendants facing criminal charges do not have legal representation in Northern Ireland due to a dispute over legal aid.
Solicitors have withdrawn their services from 230 cases.
The dispute has been caused by Justice Minister David Ford's attempt to slash the legal aid bill in NI.
The justice minister wants to cut it from £100m to £75m over three years. Some solicitors have withdrawn their services in protest.
Pearse MacDermott from the Solicitors Criminal Bar Association said proper representation was impossible at the proposed new rates.
Mr Ford has said the per capita spend on legal aid - the total budget divided by the population - is higher in Northern Ireland compared to other parts of the UK.
Lawyers in Northern Ireland claim this is an unfair figure to use.
It is complicated by the fact that Scotland (the cheapest region) also uses a public defender system (ie lawyers employed directly by the state) as does Wales to a lesser extent.
The Republic of Ireland has a more liberal use of public defenders, and the cost is even lower there.
So the argument that NI can't compare with other jurisdictions only leads the justice department to suggest introducing a public defender system here, something the lawyers would not be in favour of.
It is unfair to suggest that all solicitors are making vast sums out of legal aid - they're not.
The big money is concentrated in a few big firms. This is one reason why solidarity among solicitors could break down fairly quickly.
In relation to crown court work (ie the criminal end of legal aid where the current dispute lies) in 2009/10 :
- 61% of solicitors' firms earned less than £20,000
- 24% earned between £20,000 and £100,000
- 11% earned between £100,000 and £250,000
- 3% earned between £250,000 and £500,000
- Only one firm (less than 1%) earned over £500,000
However, the lawyers hit back with their own examples which, they say, showed they were much cheaper than England and Wales in key cases.
The Bar Council said the Department of Justice had been using figures based on the per capita spend in Northern Ireland compared with the per capita spend in England and Wales.
This is calculated by dividing the total spend on legal aid by the population. On these figures, Northern Ireland spent 30% more, per head, on legal aid last year than England and Wales.
But this does not necessarily mean Northern Ireland is more expensive. It may simply mean that the region's need for legal aid was greater.
A three-day common assault trial on their figures is a third of the price in Northern Ireland, and a proceeds of crime 10-day confiscation hearing a tenth of the price.
Current Comparative Sample Cases supplied by the Bar Council:
Three-day common assault, counsel and solicitor: England and Wales £2,773
Northern Ireland £990
Fifteen-day murder trial, counsel: England and Wales £31,294
Northern Ireland £23,600
Proceeds of crime 10-day confiscation hearing (45 hours of preparation): England and Wales £4,194
Northern Ireland £400
On Thursday, it emerged a London firm is considering entering the Northern Ireland market.
If an English firm wants to do so, it will have to seek approval from the Law Society in Northern Ireland.
The Law Society has said it has yet to receive a request. It does not have to approve it, but might find it difficult to refuse.
The potential for English firms to see this place as attractive can be seen in the context of the strike opportunity, and the relative financial incentive which will increase whenever the English Ministry of Justice imposes its own drastic cuts on the budget.
Everyone's hungry for business out there and the strike is more likely to fall because other legal firms located in Northern Ireland who tend to concentrate on civil work, may now branch out.
The DoJ has written to all solicitors in Northern Ireland to establish who will work under the new terms.
A full list will be ready by Friday and then given to unrepresented defendants. It is after that point when we will see if the other striking solicitors decide to accept the terms.
The political debate over the budget for legal aid should be seen in much the same context as the health budget debate.
The budget here is reducing because it is reducing at Westminster - there's an automatic read across.
Northern Ireland's is reducing by slightly less (because of Barnett weighting).
The lawyers seem to think the justice minister can put more money on the table - in order to do that he has to persuade one of his ministerial colleagues to offer up some money to him.
That is why Mr Ford is likely to see rock solid executive support behind him on this one.


text:
Discussion in 'Politics' started by Bonnie, Dec 29, 2005.
And not one left-wingnut stands to defend against the accusation. Probably waiting for the party LIE to be published so they can continue their mythological version of events.
The irony is just so rich here... I have to savor it like a good vintage wine.
The NYT and co. certainly aren't howling for an investigation now....
Ah, but they are going to get it anyways. One must stand in awe of their hubris though, they are doing as predicted, "Surely we should NOT be going after the whistle-blowers, but the evil admin...."
And it began yesterday. Hopefully there will be enough backlash. Has anyone else noticed how many bloggers are now showing up on both tv and radio?
Wow. Another right winger starting a thread with nothing but a copy of someone elses article - without even making a comment on it. How original.
Hey Bonnie, is this all you do, surf the web, looking for news and commentary you think everyone else should know about, and then posting it here as a thread starter?
Got any thoughts yourself?
The point of thread starters is to invoke conversations first then comment on them as the conversation progresses, as do many others here.
But im flattered that once again you took the time to single me out for such an inane insult instead of posting your thoughts on the topic......I must really get you
Separate names with a comma.


text:
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180 Degree Rotation Hinge
Mounts easily to any substantial structural steel building column at desired height. Crane fittings have bearing with lube fitting. Structural steel finish in highly visible yellow enamel.
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Portable Stainless Steel Tables are Built to Last!
These Stainless Steel Portable Tables are used in hospitals, surgical facilities and healthcare offices to store and transport delicate instruments. Fully welded stainless steel table top and tubular stainless steel legs are designed to safely handle 300 lbs. of medical equipment. Medical carts roll smoothly with rubber swivel casters.
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text:
HELINA'96 Conference. Gauteng Province (ZAF), 1995/04.
Health informatics on the African Continent. , METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE, vol. 36, n° 2, 1997, pages 63-68, 5 réf., ISSN 0026-1270, DEU
HEYWOOD (A.B.), CAMPBELL (B.C.), HANMER (L.) / éd., IBRAHIM (A.S.) / éd., KADIO (A.) / éd., KORPELA (M.) / éd., MOUILLET (E.) / éd.
International Medical Informatics Association. INT / com., World Health Organization. Geneva. CHE / com., South Africa Medical Informatics Group. ZAF / com.
In Ghana, between January 1990 and September 1993, a series of steps were undertaken to review the existing vertical reporting procedures and to develop an integrated Health Management Information System (HMIS) for Primary Health Care (PHC).
These steps included a situation analysis of the existing reporting systems ; participatory design of tools for planning, data collection, feedback and reporting ; field test and revision of the modified system ; training of staff at all levels ; development of tools for self-assessment and stimulation of routine feedback to lower levels and reporting of analysed indicators to higher levels.
There were some notable achievements which included promotion of self-reliance, improved data relevance and accuracy, as well as strengthened supervision and support.
However, it was difficult to identify the most appropriate institutional location for the HMIS ; over-emphasis on process leads to reduced implementation ; reporting was still given greater priority than analysis and use of data, and systems for collection and use were still cumbersome and time consuming.
It is also difficult to prove that having better information really improves decision-making, or even coverage and quality of PHC service delivery.
These issues, as well as lessons learned, are discussed in the paper.
Mots-clés BDSP : Système information, Soins santé primaire, Ghana, Afrique, Politique santé
Mots-clés Pascal : Système information, Soin santé primaire, Ghana, Afrique, Technique planning, Gestion ressources, Politique sanitaire, Conception, Système informatique, Evaluation performance
Mots-clés Pascal anglais : Information system, Primary health care, Ghana, Africa, Planning technique, Resource management, Health policy, Design, Computer system, Performance evaluation
Notice produite par :
Inist-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique
Cote : 97-0423488
Code Inist : 002B28A. Création : 19/12/1997.


text:
1. Welcome to the Thatcher room. Delighted to
have you here. Thank you for coming along. We want to concentrate
on the major elements of the Pre-Budget Report (PBR) and one particular
thing is the ending of the automatic fuel duty escalator which
is a significant announcement. We shall lead off on that before
discussing a number of other aspects of your responsibilities
as a Green Minister in the Treasury. Is there anything you want
to say briefly before we begin asking questions?
(Mr Timms) I shall make a few brief remarks, if I
may. Thank you for your welcome and for the opportunity to speak
to the Committee again. May I first of all introduce Clive Maxwell
who is the Head of the Environmental and Transport Tax Team at
the Treasury. Recent events have probably raised the profile of
environmental concerns up and down the country, if anything increasing
the impetus to protect the environment and using natural resources
in line with the concerns of this Committee. That priority was
reflected in the Pre-Budget Report. You mentioned the issue of
fuel duties. Recent oil prices have hit people hard and I think
it was right that we responded to that, but we did so in an environmentally
responsible way and the changes to fuel duties, to vehicle excise
duties, to car taxation rules are all focused on encouraging cleaner
fuels, more efficient vehicles and greener transport. The publication
of the Government's climate change strategy has set out the measures
which will move us towards a more sustainable low carbon economy.
Progress on one of the main elements of that strategy, the climate
change levy which I have talked about to the Committee before,
continues as planned. The levy will come into effect on 1 April
and in the PBR and in the Urban White Paper we have also embraced
Lord Rogers' vision of an urban renaissance to improve cities
to reduce pressure for development on the countryside. There is
a number of measures in the Pre-Budget Report on that. The Rural
White Paper, also published recently, has set out the steps we
are taking towards a countryside which is sustainable economically,
environmentally and socially as well. I hope the Committee can
welcome this continuing progress on the environmental tax agenda
and I shall be very happy to answer the questions you have hinted
at and others as well.
Chairman: Thank you. It is nice to hear
a Minister tackle so many different aspects of Government policy.
2. You referred to the Climate Change Strategy
and the reduction of traffic growth is a key component within
the Climate Change Strategy. Now the fuel duty escalator has been
abandoned, where does that leave fuel duty as a policy aimed to
deliver the reduction in traffic growth?
(Mr Timms) The abolition of the escalator was announced
in the November 1999 Pre-Budget Report when the Chancellor said
that he considered the appropriate rate of fuel duties on a budget
by budget basis, taking into account all of the relevant economic,
social and environmental factors; so fuel duty only increased
by the rate of inflation at the time of the last budget. Taking
into account the strength of the world oil prices, the other measures
we have introduced to tackle climate change, the Chancellor made
a further announcement in the PBR this year that the duty on all
road fuels would be frozen in the coming budget and that will
have the effect of reducing the rate of duty by about one penny
and a half per litre in real terms. Between 1997 and 1999 the
rate of duty on ultra low sulphur diesel was steadily cut relative
to conventional diesel with the effect that within a couple of
years pretty much the entire diesel market was converted to cleaner
fuel, cutting emissions of the most damaging local air pollutants
and enabling the interaction of new pollution-reducing technology.
We have learned from that experience and in October we have already
reduced the rate of duty on ultra low sulphur petrol by one penny
per litre. Last month the Chancellor announced that we want to
go further with that and introduce a further two pence per litre
cut in order to promote the takeup of ultra low sulphur petrol.
The package that the Chancellor announced on fuel duty in November
did reflect widespread concern about the high price of crude oil
and the effect on petrol and diesel prices, as expressed by members
of the public and by hauliers and their concerns about UK competitiveness.
Those were reflected in the Chancellor's announcement but we were
able to make some changes there in an environmentally very effective
way. The announcement was of course a balance, but I hope the
Committee will feel that the balance the Chancellor struck was
about right.
3. You mentioned the impact of high oil prices
in leading to the decision to freeze the annual fuel duty rise.
Does it follow therefore that if oil prices start to fall you
will again consider the need for an escalator?
(Mr Timms) We have set out the position for the coming
year. The freeze will apply and we will be going further on ultra
low sulphur petrol and ultra low sulphur diesel, subject to the
conditions which are set out in the PBR about ultra low sulphur
petrol being widely available. That will be the position for the
coming year. We have also said that if the recent high prices
of crude oil continue then we would expect the freeze to apply
for a further year. If on the other hand the price of crude drops
sharply, then that cannot be taken for granted any more. In a
sense the answer to your question is yes.
4. May I compare the impact of the escalator
between 1996 and 1999 and the projected impact of the ten-year
transport plan? We are told that the reduction of carbon between
1996 and 1999 was somewhere between one to 2.5 million tonnes
of carbon (MtC) as a result of the escalator. By contrast the
estimate for the reduction of emissions as a result of the ten-year
transport plan is going to be about 1.6 MtC of carbon. By contrast
the escalator seems to have been a very, very effective means
of reducing emissions. Does it not follow then that at some stage
in the future, if we are serious about meeting the Kyoto targets,
we have to return to the fuel duty escalator?
(Mr Timms) It is true that quite a large share of
the reduction in emissions which would be achieved to meet the
Kyoto targets, and go further in the case of the UK, has been
borne by the transport sector. However, the climate change strategy
which we published sets out quite a wide range of measures alongside
the one you have mentioned which will also reduce emissions: the
climate change levy in particular is a substantial contribution,
the emissions trading scheme which we are developing, some changes
to company car tax also which we reckon will save up to one million
tonnes of carbon as well. The point I want to make is that we
have a wide range of policy strands to address the reduction in
CO2 emissions, not only the transport ones but others as well
and between them those will take us to the Kyoto target and indeed
beyond that. In the longer term of course calls are already being
made for much much deeper reductions in CO2 emissions and I have
no doubt at all that the targets set at Kyoto are not going to
be the end of the story and we need to revisit all of these issues
in due course. The strategy which we have published, the measures
we have taken, will achieve the Kyoto objectives and go beyond
them in fact and then we shall need to do some completely fresh
thinking about where we go in the longer term.
5. May I turn to the principles underlying the
green taxation programme, the polluter pays principle? There is
now general agreement that the polluter should face the true costs
of the environmental damage they cause. In terms of the transport
sector, what work has been done and what evidence is there for
the true environmental cost caused by domestic transport in private
cars and the haulage industry? Do we have some indicators as to
what the true cost is by which we could measure the cost which
needs to be recouped through environmental taxation?
(Mr Timms) One of the pieces of work which I am aware
of has been the environmental costs of lorries and that is informing
the review of lorry vehicle excise duty which is under way at
the moment and we are anxious that the new scheme will reflect
more fully the environmental costs associated with each kind of
lorry than the present arrangements do. That is a particular piece
of work I am aware of.
(Mr Maxwell) The only other thing to mention is the
transport modal studies that the DETR have said they will be carrying
out over the next year or two as part of their longer term work
on inter-urban road charging issues.
6. You see my point. If there is not at the
moment a published body of evidence as to the true environmental
costs then it is very difficult to assess the extent to which
the taxation regime is making the polluter pay. We need both sides
of the equation to come to some assessment of the effectiveness
of the overall policy.
(Mr Timms) In a lot of these areas there is still
quite a lot of exploration on the regional thinking going on and
being required and gradually a fuller picture is emerging. Certainly
there are still some gaps and I accept that.
7. May I continue this theme of environmental
damage? Where do you think the environmental damage is greatest
within the transport sector and how is the fuel duty policy responding
to that?
(Mr Timms) I suppose it depends how you measure the
scale. There are different ways one could measure it. Clearly
there are serious CO2 emission problems; very large amounts of
CO2 emissions. Significant local air pollution problems are also
being caused in the transport sector and the policies we have
put in place are seeking to address both of those and to do so
in an increasingly sophisticated way. The effect of the fuel duty
escalator is referred to and the new arrangements we have for
vehicle excise duty and also company car tax reflect the amount
of CO2 emissions being generated by the vehicles and the amount
of duty which is payable depends on the amount of emissions, the
amount of tax in the case of company car tax depends on emissions.
In both of those schemes there is also a supplement for diesel
engines reflecting the fact that there are relatively more problems
with local air pollution on diesel engines than on petrol engines
which have the same CO2 emissions. We now have quite a sophisticated
array of measures in place to address both those problems.
8. Just finally to focus on the question of
the diesel engine and the haulage industry, I think it would be
agreed that it is the older lorries used in the haulage industry
which contribute disproportionately to total emissions, but at
the same time in the Pre-Budget statement we have a package of
measures which actually reduces the volume of taxation on the
haulage industry. How do you reconcile this apparent contradiction
with the haulage industry contributing most to environmental damage
but at the same time having received the greatest benefits in
terms of tax reductions in the Pre-Budget statement?
(Mr Timms) A process is going on of switching the
burden of taxation from ownership to usage and it is true we shall
be reducing the amount of vehicle excise duty which is payable
but we have not introduced the essential users fuel duty rebate
which was being proposed and that is partly for the reason you
have set out. In addition to that I have said that the new vehicle
excise duty scheme will encourage cleaner vehicles and in addition
we have announced the £100 million ringfenced fund to be
available over a three-year period for incentives to encourage
the modernisation of the vehicle fleet in the haulage industry,
including encouragement for cleaner lorries and new technology.
We have been able to make progress on that front as well.
9. Just on this lorry point, the DETR sustainable
distribution strategy said that the impact of lorries is the equivalent
of £28,000 per vehicle; a very large sum. I do not know whether
we are near that in terms of actually offsetting that pollution
effect, but surely Mr Chaytor is right in saying that we are going
to lessen the effect, whatever effect we are having, as a result
of your changes.
(Mr Timms) I hope that we can improve the incentives
in the scheme for cleaner lorries by the changes we are making
on vehicle excise duty and with the ringfenced fund, also by improved
driver training. There is quite a lot which can be done to reduce
the environmental costs of lorries and two or three of the elements
of the package are directed towards improving the environmental
signals we are providing through the tax system. I am not familiar
with that total figure or how that matches up to the total amount.
10. Perhaps Mr Maxwell has a view.
(Mr Maxwell) No, not on that in particular I am afraid.
It is obviously the case that the measures announced are more
to do with encouraging and incentivising particular shifts in
behaviour and shifts in the choice of lorry driven or the types
of engines used rather than internalising every single cost. It
is a bit of both going on.
11. I wanted to follow up the point Mr Chaytor
asked about regarding the impact, where the greatest environmental
damage was from. In particular I have in mind private car use
when asking this. Would you agree that the price of fuel is lowest
in the areas of the greatest pollution? If we are looking at urban
areas we find the market looking to deliver low cost fuel for
private motorists where the supermarkets are congregating and
in competition with each other, with different incentive schemes
to buy £20 of goods in the supermarket and get £10 off
your fuel bill and so forth. On the other hand the price of fuel
is highest in the areas where private car use is most essential
and I am thinking in particular of rural areas where there are
fewer alternatives and fewer choices in terms of transport switching.
Though a lot of that is about the market, there is obviously an
interaction with fuel prices, fuel duty and any other incentives
the Treasury might decide to bring in. I wanted to ask you whether
you accepted that premise, whether that shows that competition
is not working very well towards your aims within the Government
and that the market is not helping you in this regard and whether
you have considered any other fiscal measures which could change
that market pressure. A windfall tax on oil company profits is
one thing which was floated and we certainly saw their profits
soar during the fuel crisis, which seems to suggest that as well
as fuel duty, there is a question about the way the market works
and delivers fuel to the consumer and the way that is not going
hand in hand with the environmental objectives.
(Mr Timms) I am obviously aware that there is variation
in the price of petrol in different parts of the country. I think
that is a matter which is determined largely by the market; certainly
I have not seen any evidence of a failure of competition in the
supply of petrol in different parts of the country. I know that
has been looked at from time to time by the competition authorities
but as far as I can see the competition is pretty effective in
the supply of petrol around the country. I am not sure whether
this is one of the things you were driving at but from time to
time there are suggestions that we ought to have different rates
of fuel duty in different parts of the country. That is not something
I favour. It would be extraordinarily difficult to implement and
it would create no end of problems and would almost certainly
be illegal under EU rules anyway. We have not looked at tax measures
which might have an impact and we are not proposing a windfall
tax on the oil companies either.
12. If we look at the real costs of motoring
over a long period the UK sustainable development indicators show
that from 1974 to 1998 the real cost of motoring hardly changed,
whereas public transport fares have gone up by 50 per cent, disposable
income had gone up very significantly. Why do you think then that
motorists have this perception that they are being unduly taxed?
If we compare with other things which are taxed higher, like cigarettes
or alcohol, I am sure if you went into the nearest pub and you
asked everybody in there they would say yes, there is too much
tax on beer, but it does not seem to provoke the same reaction
that there has been on fuel. Why do you think it is that people
have that perception?
(Mr Timms) I do not know. I suspect you are probably
in as good a position as I am to provide an explanation for that.
What has happened is that there has been something of a switch
in the overall cost of motoring and that the costs of ownership
and the element of that total accounted for by the cost of owning
a car have fallen, whereas the running costs have not. The two
of them together have been broadly unchanged over a couple of
decades or longer. Maybe what has happened on the running cost
side has had a disproportionately greater impact on people's consciousness
than one would have expected.
13. Do you think perhaps there has not been
sufficient effort to highlight publicly the environmental rationale
for fuel duty? It was quite noticeable during the fuel crisis
that we had Prime Minister, Chancellor, talking about the possible
economic effects on spending on hospitals, on schools, if there
were changes in the rates of duties. A great deal was not said
about fuel duty. Is that part of the reason, perhaps over a number
of years, that that rationale has not been delivered publicly?
(Mr Timms) I think we have said quite a lot about
the environmental benefits of the fuel duty escalator; certainly
I have talked about it at some length and others have done as
well. It was a very important element of the justification for
the policy. We have talked about it pretty widely. The financial
aspects are important as well but I do not think we have downplayed
the environmental aspects of this.
14. You said earlier that you thought if all
prices were to drop dramatically then the Chancellor would reconsider.
The freeze would stay if prices stay as they are or certainly
if they go up. Does that mean that you have really given up on
price mechanisms in a sense and think that current prices are
as high as they need to go? If we want to encourage fuel efficient
motoring, want to encourage unnecessary journeys, we have the
prices as high as they need to be?
(Mr Timms) I do not think we have considered it in
those terms. Clearly the fact that crude prices are so high has
a significant impact on prices and therefore without any more
needing to be done on the duty side, the relatively high prices
do their job in the way that the escalator was intended to. I
do not think I would want to speculate about what might happen
in the future or how we would respond to that. Those are decisions
which can only be made in the light of all the circumstances at
the time.
15. Is there a view that rather than using price
as a major mechanism for discouraging unnecessary journeys we
should look at other mechanisms?
(Mr Timms) We are looking at a variety of mechanisms,
not only for discouraging journeys but for the ten-year plan for
transport which will involve very substantial investments in public
transport, so encouraging people to use public transport alternatives.
There are the incentives for cleaner engines which the tax system
is increasingly presenting, so the journeys which are being run
will be more environmentally benign than they have been in the
past. A wide range of initiatives needs to be taken and is being
taken to ensure that transport is increasingly operating in a
sustainable way.
16. Is that what the Chancellor was referring
to in the Pre-Budget speech in 1999 when he announced the decision
to stop the escalator and make decisions budget by budget? He
said then, "... having cut the deficit and introduced our
new environmental policies, we are now in a position" to
abandon the escalator and work budget by budget. Are those the
sort of new environmental policies he was referring to?
(Mr Timms) The point he made was that he wanted to
determine the level of duty on the basis of the economic, social
and environmental, all of those, considerations year by year.
17. He seemed to be suggesting that there were
alternatives now. We have new environmental policies therefore
we do not need the escalator any more. I just want to be clear
exactly what those new environmental polices are supposed to be.
(Mr Timms) On the climate change side, the climate
change strategy has set them out. I mentioned some of them: the
climate change levy for example, the new arrangements for company
car taxation. So there are several clubs at our disposal which
are having the effect of reducing emissions across the economy.
Because of the effect of all of those we shall achieve the Kyoto
objectives and indeed do better than that. The fuel duty escalator
for the period it was in operation made a very significant contribution,
but there are other measures now in place as well.
18. Forgive me, Minister, you may not like my
first question but it is prompted by that answer. You were asked
about what the Chancellor had in mind in the 1999 budget when
he removed the fuel tax escalator. You said there are environmental,
there are economic and there are social reasons. Surely with more
candour could you not also say that there are political reasons
and that there may be very strong environmental reasons why we
should continue a particular tax, but politically you find it
too difficult to do at the moment? What is the problem? Why does
the Government not just say that? Is that not the honest truth?
(Mr Timms) There is not a chasm between economic,
environmental and social considerations on the one hand and political
considerations on the other. The position we were in in 1999 was
that the fuel duty escalator had been operating since 1993, had
contributed to a significant increase in the price of petrol and
diesel and had had very significant environmental benefits. I
do not think it was ever envisaged that the escalator would go
on and on for ever; apart from economic considerations one has
to bear in mind what other countries are doing. It is not the
case that we can set our fuel duties entirely disregarding what
is happening elsewhere. We have to take account of that. That
is one of the economic considerations the Chancellor takes into
account. I stand by the point I made, recognising that economic,
social and environmental considerations always have political
implications as well.
19. I want to ask some more about the point
you made about relative fuel prices but before I do, is it your
view now that the price of oil produced by a number of external
factors to the Government is such that it really replaces the
need for the fuel tax escalator? It serves the same purpose.
(Mr Timms) It certainly has a bearing on the decision
made each year about what the level of fuel duty should be. Yes,
that is undoubtedly the case. Whatever the level of oil prices
was to be, I do not think it was ever intended that the escalator
would go on indefinitely.


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A Student Handbook to the Plays of Arthur Miller : All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, Broken Glass Paperback
by Alan Ackerman
Edited by Enoch Brater
A Student Handbook to the Plays of Arthur Miller provides the essential guide to Miller's most studied and revived dramas.
Authored by a team of leading scholars, it offers students a clear analysis and detailed commentary on five of Miller's plays: All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible, A View from the Bridge and Broken Glass.
A consistent framework of analysis ensures that whether readers want a summary of the play, a commentary on the themes or characters, or a discussion of the work in performance, they can readily find what they need to develop their understanding and aid their appreciation of Miller's artistry.
A chronology of Miller's life and work helps to situate his oeuvre in context and the introduction reinforces this by providing a clear overview of his writing, its recurrent themes and how these are intertwined with his life and times.
For each play the author provides a summary of the plot, followed by commentary on the context, themes, characters, structure and language, and the play in production - both on stage and screen adaptations; there are questions for further study and detailed notes on words and phrases in the text.
The wealth of authoritative and clear commentary on each play, together with further questions that encourage comparison across Miller's work and related plays by other leading writers, ensures that this is the clearest and fullest guide to Miller's greatest plays.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 272 pages
- Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
- Publication Date: 26/09/2013
- Category: Literary studies: from c 1900 -
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The Frozen Sea Within – by Kathryn Hunt
This essay was first presented at the 2012 Artist Round Table (ART) in Port Townsend, Washington. Each year a group of photographers gather together at ART to have a weekend-long conversation with other artists to develop their appreciation and understanding of using their own unique voice to make work that matters. Pictures by some of those photographers are presented along side this essay by filmmaker, poet and writer, Kathryn Hunt.
We work and live inside a great unknowing, an unknowing that seems to be a part of our nature. The mystery lives inside us, in our cells, no separation between. It goes by the name of rain, or stars, or stone, or human face. The unknown is our playground and our grave. Always, every day, we walk through that darkness and light. We understand only a whisper of our own quick existence, our passing life, and that briefness and opacity connect us to the vast expanse of the living heart, the great mystery itself. We feel our way along in the currents of the sea, among mountains and valleys, to know where we are and what we are made of.
I'd like to talk about the narrative and the reflective voice in art—in literature, photography, painting, sculpture, and dance, all of it—and how we as makers of art might think about the narrative and reflective voices in our work.
These twin impulses in art help us, in the case of narrative, to locate ourselves in the world, with all its beauty and terrible hurt, its hard and soft surfaces. The reflective impulse arises from the need to make sense of beauty and suffering.
I've been at work on a memoir, and these two impulses are an important part of the work of the memoirist. What the memoir writer is engaged in is looking at the incomprehensible past in light of subsequent realization, in light of who we have become, who we are now. Who we understand and experience ourselves to be. In memoir there is often a strong sense of a narrated past that comes alive and is present in the telling: This happened and then that happened and so on. The narrative voice is temporal and gives a sense of forward motion to the story, even when we're looking at the past. The narrative voice moves us along the horizon of the story.
The reflective voice is the voice that communicates a strong sense of what the teller of the story has concluded about her experience in the world and what her experiences have meant to her. This voice opens the way to vertical movement and allows the reader to plunge in and find something in himself that the story is speaking to. This voice takes you deep into the art of the story. It's an ineffable presence in the work, one that arises from silence and waiting. It leaves room for the reader or viewer to find something of themselves in the work, it invites them to respond out of its meaning to their own lives. In my experience it's what sets art apart from other commendable work.
As an artist or writer, you are the only one who can feel and know what something means to you and say that through your work in a way that reaches others by allowing them to glimpse the meaning of their own life in what you have created.
This is what Emily Dickinson said about it: "If I read a book," she wrote, "and it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry. These are the only way I know it. Is there any other way?"
Emily Dickinson was laying down a marker. She wrote nearly eighteen-hundred poems and left them in sheaves in her room when she died. Only a handful were published in her lifetime, although she seems to have known precisely the fevered brilliance and scope of her own poetry. She made her art to an exacting standard: one that might take off the head of a reader, or chill him to the bone. That was her measure.
A poem, a painting, a photograph—how can it be true enough in pitch and form to take the head off somebody, or ease open someone's heart. How art does that remains a mystery and investigating that mystery in any medium is a life's pursuit, an avocation.
"A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us," Franz Kafka wrote in 1917, when Europe had come apart in the madness of the trenches and the civil war in Russia. A high school English teacher first introduced me to Kafka. That same teacher also gave me Shakespeare and Chaucer, and with Shakespeare and Chaucer I first began to listen to something in myself, something that came to me by way of art. The beautiful language of Shakespeare—its iambic pentameter cadences—echoes in Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass more than four hundred years later, the ten-count, tick-tock line of the heartbeat and the clock. Kafka with his axe for the frozen ice within and the lyrics of Shakespeare and Chaucer began to speak to me when I was sixteen years old. In their work I heard something I desperately needed to hear about my own life.
I saw Hamlet, my first Shakespearean play, with my high school English class. Even though the language was difficult for me to understand, I responded to the music of the it and understood enough of the broad outlines of the story, its narrative line or voice, to sit up and pay attention—the murder of Hamlet's father, his mother's betrayal, and Hamlet's wavering uncertainty in the face of that. But it was the reflective voice of the play—full of anguish and conflicted love and fealty toward his parents—that drew me deeply into the play, I understand now. Some inchoate, wordless part of me heard that voice echo in my own life.
The Old English of Chaucer was even more difficult. But Chaucer gave me the concept of story as journey, his motley troupe literally walking toward a distant horizon at the edge of the known world. Life as journey—all of wandering across a vast landscape. The horizontal line, the narrative voice.
Chaucer's reflective voice provided the journey's meaning. His tales helped me recognize the reality of human vanity and blindness and of our relentless self-interest. Chaucer gave me his hapless travelers and their human weaknesses—so easy to laugh at—and he managed to do it in such a way that I understood that those human tendencies were most certainly lodged somewhere in myself as well. And all this from story, from language.
During my last year of high school I worked as a waitress in a soda fountain at the Highline Pharmacy, in Burien, not far from SeaTac airport. It was 1968. When I look back on that time in my faraway youth, I can see myself, a girl dressed in a tight white dress from Sears Roebuck. She has tied her blonde hair with a ribbon at the nape of her neck. At the end of each shift I went home with my pockets full of tips, the quarters and dimes that turned the corners of my pockets gray, as if soot had fallen there. In the evenings, I washed my white uniform by hand in the bathroom sink and hung it up to dry. I painted over scuffmarks on my lace-up shoes with white polish. My head was full of imaginings. The world was opening out into itself and there were moments I felt myself to be part of the exquisite unraveling.
There was a bookstore next door to the Highline Pharmacy. I went there on Saturday afternoons while I waited for my mother to pick me up after my shift at the soda fountain. I worked on the school paper as a feature writer and photographer. My journalism teacher had loaned me her old camera to take pictures with. It would be a few more years yet before I bought my own 35 mm camera, a small trusty Leica that fit perfectly into my hand. My journalism teacher allowed me to go alone to the darkroom in the basement of the school. I loved the solitude of the darkroom, I was comforted by being alone in that dark space, with the red light that kept safe the images. I spent many hours watching ghosts float up out of the chemical bath, blurs, hints of something that finally took shape, a man or a woman toward whom I'd turned my camera.
In the bookstore, I remember feeling uncertain of myself, awkward, as if I didn't belong there, hesitant about what to buy. I must have stood near the tables by the door many times, lifting and opening books and putting them down again. I was ignorant of my own desires.
Home was difficult territory for me. I remained torn between the impulse to use all my strength to somehow make right my mother's inconsolable life, and on opposite days to flee her house and its attendant heartache as soon as fate would allow. Though I did not know yet how literature would teach me to survive those years, I had discovered the cunning ability of books to lift me into the world of the imagination. I was determined to take some of my wages and spend it on a book, something without much tangible value but that somehow embodied a world that beckoned me. I must have felt my purchase might act as a talisman, to help gain me entrance.
A woman ran the bookstore. She wore a long slim skirt with a jacket and black-rimmed glasses. One day during the summer before I went away to college, I announced my intention to buy a book and asked for her help. She picked up a book, handed it to me, and said, "I think this will be right for you." The book she handed me was not a book of stories, as I had hoped and expected it to be. Instead she placed in my hands a book of photographs. It was called The Concerned Photographer and was edited by Cornell Capa. It was the first book I ever bought myself. I've managed to hang onto it through all the moves of the last forty-some years.
The photographs in the book are all in some sense engaged with the world, with its suffering and its beauty. A rain-slicked street in Paris that André Kertész photographed. His single bird in flight against a painted wall in New York City, simple and beautiful. Images by Werner Bischof from Indochina, which we were just learning to call Viet Nam in those years: women walking along a railroad track holding hands, baskets balanced on their heads, a line diminishing toward the horizon. A one-legged boy playing ball in Italy in '49, just after the war: Chim Seymour's shot. Two Negro children playing in the geyser of a fire hydrant, Harlem, 1967: Leonard Freed's photograph. A scratched image of Trotsky, in 1931, by the great Robert Capa, the editor's brother. Buddhist monks hurrying through falling snow: Bischof again.
Like memoir, a photograph is always engaged in a conversation with the past and maybe that is why the images in the book I bought that day moved me, move me still. A photograph says this moment happened, a unique, irreplaceable moment, gone forever. Except, of course, a photograph is also a moment captured, held, cherished because it has been seen. Photography speaks of moments that have gone by and will never return. And also of moments—amazing and consoling—that you can visit, like the past itself.
I have looked at The Concerned Photographer a hundred times in the years since. When I was eighteen, the images in that book began to show me the power of art to reach and shatter the brittle confusions of the human heart. I came to see the way art could make my heart race and my body dilate with pleasure. I saw that art had the power to introduce me to a part of myself I didn't know or have the words for, or had already forgotten. The arts "are what we find again when the ruins are cleared away," Katherine Anne Porter wrote in 1944 about the catastrophe of war.
Looking at the photographs in the book, some of the troubles in my own young life began to clear away, and I could see the world and my place in it a little differently, if only for a moment.
I began by saying that we live inside of mystery. Mystery lives within us. Art is a way to use everything we have inside of us to understand ourselves. It lets us look in silence upon our own minds and hearts. Our art gives us a way to understand something about what the world is made of, and what we ourselves are made of. This is what Henri Cartier-Bresson said: "To me photography is the simultaneous recognition in a fraction of a second of the significance of an event, as well as the precise organization of the forms that give that event its proper expression." (Italics mine.)
A photographer doesn't stand in front of her subject and ask herself what it means to her. All that is already living inside her, ripening toward that moment when she makes the one image that will say what she must say.
Cartier-Bresson also said: "Your first 10,000 photographs are your worst." Our photographs and poems and paintings will mean something to others only if they mean something to us. They are not going to shatter the frozen sea of anyone's heart or take the top off anyone's head, unless our own hearts are open and tender.
Kathryn Hunt is a writer and filmmaker and lives in Port Townsend, Washington, on the coast of the Salish Sea. Her poems and essays have appeared in Rattle, The Sun, Willow Springs, Orion, Crab Orchard Review, and Alaska Quarterly Review, among other publications. A collection of her poems,Long Way Through Ruin, was published by Blue Begonia Press in September 2013.
She has also directed and produced documentary films. Take This Heart, a feature-length documentary about children in foster care, was broadcast on PBS and honored with the Anna Quindlen Award for Excellence in Journalism. No Place Like Home was screened at the Venice Film Festival, among others.
Kathryn works as a freelance writer for foundations and community organizations. She's earned her living as a shipscaler, waitress, short order cook, printer (of wedding invitations!), and food bank coordinator, and was a founding collective member of three independent bookstores in the Pacific Northwest.
Daniel J. Gregory, Camille Dohrn, Ellie Ericson and Brian Miller are all photographers who are part of the Artist Round Table led by Raymond Ketcham.


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Casino Food & Beverage Solutions LLC is a professional consulting
services company specializing in Casinos, Resorts, Hotels, Restaurants,
Lounges and Convention Centers. Martin H. Miles, Casino Food &
Beverage Solutions LLC President, has over twenty-five years combined
experience in the Food & Beverage industry. Services include but are not
limited to:
• Operational Assessments • Staff Training
• Concept Development and Design Services • Management Recruiting
• Food Service Facility Planning & Equipment Specification,
• Purchasing and Installation Services
• Nationally Branded Restaurant Sourcing and Selection


text:
Stock, Wedding and Business of Photography and a Lot More…
Photography books and portfolios, magazines and journals, albums or frames all play a big part in any photographers life. Whether you are getting married, a professional or serious amateur photographer, or even just a casual, occasional photographer, you probably use one of these as reference or to display your work at some point.
We have teamed up with some of the leading and most professional sources on the internet, to bring you the most popular brands and styles of products in their class. By buying online, you save £'s or $'s every time, so if you regularly buy reference books, albums or magazines, you could save a tidy sum over time.
How to Sell Stock Photos – Learn How to Create a Monthly, Residual Income with your D/SLR. Click the link or Book for more info!
Photography Business – Learn How to Start Your Own Photography Business with this Extensive Guide. Click the link or Book for more info!
Get back to basics and learn how to take stunning images with your D/SLR. Click the Book for more info!
Learn how to turn your Digital SLR into a professional working tool in just 2 weeks.Click the Book for more info!
The following photography books and portfolios are all e-books which are downloadable upon purchase. I have read a few of these in my time and have always found one or two absolute nuggets of information that have helped enormously with my techniques and progression.
Even as a working professional, I never feel like, or tell anyone that I know everything there is to know.
The only way to push forward with your photography is to read and practice. Since I was 13 I have read and digested a lot of information and still do and still occasionally find some excellent technique that moves my photography on just that bit more.
If any of the following books help in any way, they are worth their weight in gold. The more knowledge you accumulate and the more you become inspired, the better you will do!
Photography Books and Portfolios – Recommended Reading
Digital Photography Success – How to improve your digital photos from average to professional standard even if you've never used a digital camera before.
Profitable Photography by Roy Barker – How to easily start up and market a profitable photography business.
Make Money with your Digital Camera – Sell Photos, Images, Screensavers and more ways to profit.
Digital Photography Secrets – Learn amazing photo secrets that the gurus won't tell you!
Powerful Landscape Photography – An eBook that helps you understand how to take beautiful landscape photography.
Portrait Photography for Money and Respect – Certified Professional Portrait Photographer tells you what you really need to know!
School of Photography – Tutor assisted online certificate courses in photography.
As I said before, to get just a few bits of exciting and valuable information from each book, coupled with the motivation and drive to progress and succeed will move you forward so much quicker.
More Photography Books and Portfolios Resources
Photography Books and Portfolios
Wedding Photo Albums – Photography Books and Magazines – Journals and Portfolios
Getting Married?
If you are getting married or know someone who is, one of the most difficult things to do is choose the right photographer and the right wedding album to suit the day or theme. As a professional photographer, I usually let the couple decide on the album, or at least give me a detailed description of what they want. It is such a personal and final choice that it has to be right first time, much like the wedding photography.
The wedding photo albums can come in such a variety of shapes and sizes;
- Plain, embossed or detailed cover
- Personalised
- Hand-made, linen or leather wedding photo albums
- Plain or silver leafed
- Large or Small
- Normal, bound, tied or locked pages
At Jenni Bick Bookbinding, there is a huge choice of wedding photo albums, along with wedding journals, wedding guestbooks, wedding keepsake boxes, wedding scrapbooks and brag books. All are incredibly well hand-made and can be personalised or embossed with your own wording (if you wish), and come at a very reasonable price.
• Leather Wedding Photo Albums • Contemporary Wedding Photo Albums • Professional Wedding Photo Albums
Photography Books and Portfolios
Amateur or Professional Photographer?
Whichever type of photographer you are, you may at some point be asked to photograph a wedding or some other special occasion. Special occasions mean photographs, and photographs from special occasions need decent albums.
I was asked (and paid) last Christmas, to photograph a large family reunion in Spain. The family also asked me to put the best of the photographs in a decent keepsake album, so it is always good to have a good supplier of quality albums at hand for those occasions.
It is also good to have a stock of albums already to show prospective clients or even to showcase your work. Wedding couples in particular, would like to see your most recent work portrayed in fine style as to inspire confidence in you!
You probably already have your favourite photography magazines, but we have sourced some for you anyway. Also, read, read and then read some more. No matter what you already know, you can always benefit from photography books. Bambi Cantrell in particular, is a stunning wedding photographer and her book on wedding photography is a must read.
• Leather Wedding Photo Albums • Contemporary Wedding Photo Albums • Professional Wedding Photo Albums • Wedding Photography Books • Digital Photography Books • Back Issue Photography Magazines • Picture Frames and Digital Photo Printing • Beginning 35mm Photography • Photography Magazines and Subscriptions •
Photography Books and Portfolios
Journals and Portfolios
Side-stepping the photography side for a moment, for a professional look for whatever you do, these journals and portfolios are designed to last, and impress.
If you are looking to book a wedding, a portrait sitting or just about anything where you are face-to-face with your client or in a business environment, a smart, professional appearance is very important.
So if you look smart, why turn up with an old notebook and Biro? These portfolios and journals really do look the part and are bound (excuse the pun) to impress!
• Embossed Journal Leather • D-Ring Leather Portfolio • Renaissance Leather Journal • Fine Leather Zipper Portfolios • Personalized Leather Business Portfolios • Fine Italian Leather Portfolios • Leather Underarm Portfolios • Leather Travel Portfolio
Photography Books and Portfolios


text:
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French novelist and polemicist. His initial fame came as a Catholic novelist, his Monsieur des Lourdines (1911), a nostalgic depiction of the values of a country gentleman, winning the ...
Subjects: Literature.
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Phish kicks off their 2011 Summer Tour on Memorial Day weekend, with three consecutive nights (May 27, 28 & 29) at Bethel Woods Center for the Arts in Bethel, NY. Stops along the way include Cleveland, Cincinnati, Mansfield, Darien Lake and more, as well as 2-night runs in Holmdel, Columbia and Alpharetta.
Additional summer announcements will be coming. Following the Summer, the band has no touring plans for the remainder of the year.
Fans purchasing tickets for the Darien Center, NY concert will receive free admission to Darien Lake Theme Park on June 8th, the day of the show. The theme park, which is adjacent to the Performing Arts Center, will be open exclusively to ticketholders on that date.
A limited number of tickets are available NOW through Phish Tickets' online ticketing system at phish.portals.musictoday.com/. The ticket request period is currently underway and will end Friday, March 4th at 11:59pm Eastern. Tickets will go on sale to the general public beginning Friday, March 11th.
For complete ticketing info, please visit phish.com.
As with the band's Fall Tour, included in the ticket price for each specific date, is a free MP3 download of the entire show (a fully mixed soundboard recording), redeemable at LivePhish.com, often within an hour of the band stepping off stage.


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We enjoyed the opportunity to share our thoughts on ADUs at the Decatur Tiny House Festival this past weekend. For those who couldn't make it and are interested in learning more about why we give a hoot and what we're doing about it, click below to download our presentation.
Link to KWA Tiny House Presentation


text:
adobe muse to wordpress migration
Budget $50-150 USD
I have developed a site in adobe muse and would like to migrate it to wordpress.
There are a few regions which need to be cutomizable ie we can edit content and add content in there.
it should be delivered within a few days.
10 freelancers are bidding on average $114 for this job
With my experience I can sure that will done follow your requirement with perfect result. Please consider me, I am ready to start working. Best Regards!
^_^ Can you please provide me website url so I can check and can tell you when it can be done. WordPress that what I do all the time. Please check my following work and my feedbacks for work references. http:/ More
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text:
.DZ File
File extension:
File type:
Dzip Compressed File
Notes about the DZ file extension:
Incorrect file associations could be the result of underlying issues within your PC system. As such it is highly recommended to scan your PC for invalid registry entries, unused processes and other unfavourable system settings to identify slowdown issues.
The DZ file type is primarily associated with 'Dzip Compressed File'. A file compressor by Nolan Pflug, Stefan Schwoon and others. Most often used for Quake files.
Detailed information for file extension DZ:
Primary association:
Dzip Compressed File
Identifying characters
Hex: 44 5A 02 09 , ASCII: DZ
Other applications associated with file type DZ:
(Data/Parameter File)
Mystic Fractal
Firefly is an interactive program that generates intricate fractal images. The default data extension is .DZ, but data files with the .ZP extension can also be loaded.
'Identifying characters' used on FILExt.com are
provided by Marco Pontello from his TrID database
Invalid file associations could be the result of underlying issues within your Windows PC. It is highly recommended that you scan your PC for invalid registry entries, unused processes and other slowdown issues.
Technical data
To view technical data on file-extension DZ
click this link
to expand/hide the additional area.
System Info for File Extension .DZ
The following listing is compiled from the database produced by the 'Associate This!' program, selected data from the main FILExt database and
information FILExt collected directly
from user systems.
ProgramID: Access.DatabaseWizardTemplate.10
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Office\Office10\MSACCESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP /DBWIZ %1
ProgramID: Access.DatabaseWizardTemplate.11
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Office\OFFICE11\MSACCESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP /DBWIZ %1
ProgramID: Access.DatabaseWizardTemplate.8
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Office\Office\MSACCESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP /DBWIZ %1
ProgramID: Access.DatabaseWizardTemplate.9
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Office\Office\MSACCESS.EXE /NOSTARTUP /DBWIZ %1
ProgramID: Winamp.File
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Winamp\winamp.exe %1
ProgramID: ZipZag.dz
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\ZipZag\zipzag.exe %1
ProgramID: LandOfTheDead.Level
EXEFile: %ProgramFiles%\Groove Games\Land Of The Dead\System\LOTD.exe
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text:
I know it's only September, but I wanted to share this so there would be plenty of time to get it put together by October 1st!
I collected a list of some favorite Halloween books, along with some others I wanted to try, then headed to the library. I'm working on collecting our own, but until then, the library is the perfect resource, and had all the titles I was looking for, plus others! You'll want to head to your library right around the first of the month, to make sure you have a good selection. Checkout dates vary from library to library (we've had 2, 3, and 4 weeks), but most of them offer renewals, so you could have the books for the entire month. If they don't offer renewals on holiday books, you can always go a couple of times that month to stock up. It's totally worth it!!
To keep the books in, I found a black tub at Target in the holiday section, added some ribbon and vinyl, and our book countdown was ready! Honestly, it doesn't have to be anything fancy to be fun–using a basket you already have is perfect too!
Whether you label the books and go in order like an advent calendar, pull numbers out of a hat, or just let kids choose randomly, this is a super fun way to enjoy the holiday together. We read one book every night before bed, and my kids look forward to their turn, and the book of the night! Holidays are just more fun with books!
Here is a list of 31 Halloween books! (Most of these books are targeted for ages 3-8)
1. Too Many Pumpkins
2. Pumpkin Soup
3. The Biggest Pumpkin Ever
4. Pumpkin Circle: The Story of a Garden
5. How Many Seeds in a Pumpkin?
6. Pumpkin Pumpkin
7. In the Haunted House
8. Room on the Broom
9. The Night Before Halloween
10. Ten Timid Ghosts
11. The Berenstain Bears Trick or Treat
12. Big Pumpkin
13. The Vanishing Pumpkin
14.Humbug Witch
15. Bugs That Go Bump in the Night
16. Five Little Pumpkins
17. Scary, Scary Halloween
18. Peek-a-Boooo!
19. Mrs. McMurphy's Pumpkin
20. It's Halloween
21. The 13 Nights of Halloween, Rebecca Dickinson
22. Miss Fiona's Stupendous Pumpkin Pies
23. Happy Halloween, Ladybug Girl!
24. The Bumpy Little Pumpkin
25. Halloween Night, Arden Druce
26. Haunted Castle on Hallows Eve (Magic Tree House, No. 30)
27. All Hallows Eve: The Story of the Halloween Fairy
28. Pumpkin Hill
29. Skeleton Hiccups
30.The Ugly Pumpkin
31. Trick or Treat Countdown, Patricia Hubbard
Have a favorite story that's not listed here? Please share!
just maybe a cup of hot chocolate.


text:
Bombardier has resumed flight testing of its new CSeries aircraft following investigation of engine problems in May this year.
The CSeries flight test vehicle two has taken to the sky in Mirabel, Canadian province of Quebec, today after having been grounded in the wake of an incident that took place during stationary testing of its sister aircraft.
"We are pleased to see the CSeries aircraft back in the air. The geared turbofan engine has over 10,000 hours of ground and flight testing and we're confident that it will enter into service meeting or exceeding the fuel burn, emissions, thrust and noise specifications, as promised by Pratt & Whitney," said Rob Dewar, Vice President for the CSeries Aircraft Program at Bombardier.
"Aircraft flight test programmes are complex and involve extreme testing meant to draw out any potential issues and correct them prior to entry-into-service."
Pratt and Whitney together with Bombardier carried out a thorough review of the Pratt and Whitney engine involved in the incident and implemented measures to address the issue including modification of the engine's oil lubrication system.
During the May 29 incident, which took place inside the planemaker's assembly plant in Mirabel, one of the two Pratt & Whitney geared turbofan engines on the CSeries prototype caught fire. Aviation Week later reported the fire was caused by a fault in the engine's low pressure turbine which led to a sudden loss of power and a subsequent uncontained failure.
Bombarider hopes that with the issue now corrected, CSeries is on schedule for its mid-2015 commercial roll-out.
CSeries is Bombardier's so far biggest aircraft. Designed to carry 100 to 150 passengers, the single-aisle jet is said to offer 20 per cent lower fuel consumption and 15 per cent lower operating cost compared to currently used aircraft.
Bombardier said it has booked orders and commitments for 513 CSeries aircraft, including 203 firm orders.


text:
Running back Gio Bernard decommitted from Notre Dame after the Irish changed coaches and went to the spread offense. Now an established standout at UNC, he finds himself in the…
Follow the Child Montessori School
Montessori Education for Toddlers-12 year olds.
Find the whole article Spread's the word: UNC running back Bernard all in on the website The News & Observer — Home Page.
Copyright © 2012. All rights reserved. Copyright 2012 The News & Observer


text:
Antibiotics: Do doctors prescribe them too often?Posted: Updated:
PHOENIX -- According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, doctors are handing out too many antibiotics and overprescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics, sometimes called "big guns," which kill both good and bad bacteria.
Instead, narrow-spectrum antibiotics like penicillin, amoxicillin and keflex, can usually clear up many infections, while targeting a smaller number of bacteria.
The most common broad-spectrum antibiotics are Cipro, Levaquin, and Zithromax, alos known as a Z-Pak.
Overuse of antibiotics and prescribing broad-spectrum drugs when they aren't needed, can cause problems. It can make the drugs less effective against bacteria they are intended to treat and wipe out the body's good bacteria, which help digest food, produce vitamins and protect from infections.
When antibiotics are prescribed they are broad-spectrum 50 percent of the time.
When to take antibiotics
Doctors prescribe antibiotics mainly to treat bacterial infections. They don't work against viruses, like those causing a cold or flu.
Bacterial Infections Include:
- Severe sinus
- Some ear infections
- Strep throat
- Certain wound and skin infections
- Bladder infections
Viral infections
- Bronchitis
- Colds
- Flu (influenza)
- Most coughs
- Most ear infections
- Most sore throats
- Stomach flu (viral gastroenteritis)
Drugs that target a broader range of bacteria
• Zithromax or Z-Pak frequently used to treat pneumonia and pertusis, but often prescribed unnecessarily for conditions that don't warrant antibiotic therapy, such as bronchitis.
• Augmentin is often used for ear infections and bacterial sinusitis.
• Cipro often given to patients who don't respond to other treatments for urinary tract infections.
Drugs that target a narrower range of bacteria:
• Amoxicillin often prescribed for ear infections and bacterial sinusitis.
• Keflex often prescribed for skin infections.
• Penicillin often used to treat strep throat.
Experts say broad-spectrum antibiotics are best used for more severe conditions.
Bronchitis is another illness for which antibiotics are often overused.
It can be difficult to tell a bacterial infection from a viral one. A general rule of thumb with sinus infections is to hold off on the early use of antibiotics, but consider using them if symptoms persist.
When a person takes an antibiotic, it kills off the susceptible bacteria, allowing the resistant bacteria to grow more easily.
Dr. Art Mollen's practice is located at 16100 N. 71st St. in Scottsdale. For more information, call 480-656-0016 or log on to www.drartmollen.com.


text:
New antivirus plugin update
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Topic: New antivirus plugin update
Posted: 16 December 2016 at 10:06am
We have just released a new version of the optional CYREN antivirus plugin - v5.4.30. This update resolves a memory leak in the previous versions.
The previous version was 5.4.23. You can verify which version of the antivirus plugin you are running by looking in the Anti Virus tab in SpamFilter as in the screenshot below.
To upgrade, simply stop SpamFilter's service, run the antivirus installer selecting SpamFilter's installation directory as the destination for the antivirus plugin, and restart SpamFilter.
Roberto Franceschetti
LogSat Software
Spam Filter ISP
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text:
We've Moved!
To date you've been verifying funds received from AmeriGives clients at http://verify.givingprograms.com. From this point forward, you will need to go to gooddonegreat.com to verify those funds.
Why the Change?
AmeriGives was acquired by Good Done Great in November 2015 and we are consolidating and upgrading services to better support the nonprofit partners that our clients and their employees give to.
Your organization is already in Good Done Great! After logging in and resetting your password (see tips below) you'll be able to perform the following functions:
- Update information about your organization
- Verify matching gifts and volunteer hours
- Access donor information
- Add administrators
- Provide ACH information to expedite payment
As an administrator for your organization, you'll have your own individual profile. We know this is different from some online verification systems but rest assured, that profile connects you to your charity.
Please make sure you're using Chrome, Firefox or IE11 as your browser when accessing GoodDoneGreat.com.
To make sure your first experience with Good Done Great is as seamless as possible, we recommend that you clear your cache/browsing history. If you're not sure how to do that, visit http://refreshyourcache.com/en/home/.
An important first step ..
When you see the sign-in box click forgot my password. You'll receive an email from Good Done Great with instructions on how to reset your password.
After you've reset your password, return to GoodDoneGreat.com and Log-In. Click on your name in the upper right hand corner to access your profile.
Click on your organization's name to get to the finance tab where you'll be able to see donor information and data.
Help is just a click away - take advantage of our menu of tours or contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Still need help? Call 1-855-364-7813.
Take a Tour of Good Done Great!
You're also invited to attend a Good Done Great walkthrough from Noon-1pm EST on the following dates:
- Thursday, March 10th
- Monday, March 14th
- Thursday, March 17th
- Monday, March 21st
- Thursday, March 24th
Please sign up for those tours at: