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First in Thirst
How Gatorade Turned the Science of Sweat Into a Cultural Phenomenon
Author: Darren Rovell
Pub Date: September 2005
Print Edition: $19.95
Print ISBN: 9780814410950
Page Count: 256
Format: Paper or Softback
e-Book ISBN: 9780814429099
Buy the book:
Back Cover Copy
Visit any sporting event, from a Saturday morning tee-ball game to primetime NFL football, from auto racing to marathons, from playground pickup games to world championships, and you're likely to see them: bright orange coolers or plastic bottles of what in many ways is a magic potion. Somehow this funny-tasting specialty product has, since its modest origins 40 years ago, taken on a life of its own. It has become not only a must-have conditioning accessory for serious athletes and a staple of weekend warriors everywhere, but also a cultural icon and one of the most recognizable brands in the world.
Yet even more astounding than the unrivaled success of Gatorade are the stories and people behind it . . .
"Given its prominence and brand equity, it's amazing we've had to wait until now to read the story about the domination of Gatorade. Darren Rovell will quench your thirst by deftly weaving the tale from its humble beginnings to its extraordinary market share and iconic brand status."
— David Stern, Commissioner, National Basketball Association
"Without Darren Rovell's First In Thirst, how would I know there was once a Gatorade called 'ESPN the Flavor'? At last I understand how Chris Berman and Stuart Scott race through exhausting highlight packages without becoming dehydrated."
— Bob Costas, Broadcaster, NBC and HBO
"The story of Gatorade's wild success was just waiting to be told, and Darren Rovell is the perfect person to tell it. First in Thirst is a business book and a marketing book and a zeitgeist book, but most of all it's just a terrific book to read."
— Stephen J. Dubner, co-author of Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
"First In Thirst chronicles why Gatorade has become the 'oral imperative' for athletes, just like spinach was for Popeye."
— Joseph R. Castiglione, Director of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Oklahoma
"Well dump a bucket of green juice over my head! What a great insider's look at the building of a brand that people believe in."
— Seth Godin, author, All Marketers Are Liars
"Being first, picking a shocking name, and using liberal quantities of PR are the three rules of brand building. Darren Rovell tells the fascinating story of one brand that did all three exceptionally well."
— Al Ries and Laura Ries, co-authors, The Origin of Brands
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Natasha In Oz
Tuesday, July 16, 2013
Words of Wisdom from Einstein ~ "Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving."
Natasha In Oz
14 comments:
I just love this post. :)ReplyDelete
Yes...great minds must be thinking alike...I'm the one who posted the same Eistein quote this week :). I hope you won't mind if I add it to your linky.ReplyDelete
I just love your blog & all your sweet words of wisdom/photos & linky party, they always make me smile & inspired :) MichelleReplyDelete
Love all your words of wisdom and the pictures to go with them. Very inspiring.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 20, 2013 at 3:32 AM
I have to get moving, lose weigh by changin my diet. Hope you have a great weekend.ReplyDelete
So true! Pinned:) Stop over. I posted anchors away pillowcases to the Creative party:)ReplyDelete
Love the words of wisdom!ReplyDelete
Great inspiration!ReplyDelete
That is so true, and I love the pictures that go with it :)ReplyDelete
Great challenge, Natasha!ReplyDelete
looking forward to this week's Say g'DAY party =))
- AnonymousJuly 28, 2013 at 10:31 AM
Indeed! I shared a similar post a while back from a newspaper clipping my mom gave me years ago. We must keep moving.ReplyDelete
Thanks for the inspiration, Natasha.
Fantastic words of wisdom - love the images too!ReplyDelete
Hello Natasha - just checking in to see how you're doing - have missed you and hope all is well,ReplyDelete
So glad to see to see you back at your blog. You (and Einstein)are so right - we feel that we have to keep moving to keep our balance. Good post. laurieReplyDelete
"There is magic in long-distance friendships. They let you relate to other human beings in a way that goes beyond being physically together and is often more profound." ~Diana Cortes
Thank you for visiting, dear friend.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mobile Takes Big Bite Out of Media Consumption: More U.S. consumers are using their mobile phones to enjoy media content, access information and buy products, an InMobio/OnDevice study, released in August 2012, has found.
Polling 1,055 mobile media users, the study found they spend 2.4 hours per day using their smartphones. This is compared with 2.35 hours for watching TV and 1.6 hours for fulfilling tasks on PCs.
More broadly, respondents dedicated nine hours a day to all forms of media. Other study highlights include:
65% preferred this medium as it is "easy to use." Another 56% pointed to the fact wireless handsets are "always with them" as stimulating their uptake of this activity.
A 71% share of respondents regularly entered enquiries into mobile search engines, and 64% frequently logged on to the Internet in the same way.
Women accessed their devices more often than men, with 84% of females using them in bed, versus 70% of males. Totals here hit 40% and 26%, respectively, when out shopping.
53% of the mobile audience has been introduced to a product through this channel, and 21% have purchased from their phone.
Source: InMobio/OnDevice
Follow Scott Van Camp: @svancamp01


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CAIRO – A Cairo court turned down on Saturday a lawsuit filed by an Islamist lawyer demanding that a popular Egyptian satirist's TV show be banned for allegedly insulting the president and containing excessive sexual innuendo.
Judge Hassouna Tawfiq said that the lawsuit against Bassem Youssef's "ElBernameg," or "The Program," was dropped because the plaintiff did not have an interest in the case. Youssef still faces other investigations related to the show but the ruling may set a precedent.
Youssef -- known as Egypt's Jon Stewart -- frequently satirizes President Mohammed Morsi who hails from the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's best-organized political force. The lawyer who brought forth the case is a Brotherhood member.
Chief Brotherhood lawyer Abdel-Moneim Maqsoud told The Associated Press that plaintiff Mahmoud Abul-Enein filed the case on his own without involving the Islamist group.
Islamist lawyers have filed multiple legal complaints against Youssef and other public figures for their political or religious opinions.
Opposition groups and activists say such lawsuits against public figures are part of a wider campaign to intimidate critics in deeply polarized Egypt.
Youssef was interrogated this week in a separate case where he was also accused of insulting the country's leader and Islam. The questioning drew criticism from Washington and rights advocates.
The president's office said earlier this week that it was not involved in the investigation, and that it recognizes the "importance of freedom of expression."
In his written opinion, the judge explained that "it is clear from the statement released by the president's office ... that the presidency is not going to file a complaint against media personality Bassem Youssef or anyone else out of respect for freedom of expression."
"It is the right of citizens to express themselves freely far from restrictions and the presidency urges respect for the law," the judge added.
Brotherhood lawyer Abul-Enein filed the suit demanding the suspension of the license of the private satellite TV channel, the Capital Broadcasting Center, which broadcasts the show. He claimed Youssef's program "corrupted morals" and violated "religious principles."
Undeterred by the charges against him, Youssef was back on the air Friday poking new fun at the international publicity he received after lampooning the Egyptian president.
"Not everything has to be about the president. This isn't fear. I am not pulling back," he said on the show.
Youssef then said sarcastically that after his visit to the attorney general, he had decided not to talk on the show about Morsi -- just the attorney general. The television audience erupted in applause and laughter.
Then Youssef spent a good part of his show ridiculing both the attorney general and the president.
Responding to a member of Morsi's Brotherhood party who said in a news clip that Youssef only focuses on the Islamist group and the president, he joked: "They are not two things. They are one."
It was a way of mocking the president's insistence that his policy decisions are made independent of the Brotherhood.


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March 14, 2013
Role Modeling Tips for Teaching Kids How to Eat Right
One of the best strategies to teach kids healthy habits is to be a healthy role model yourself. After all, actions speak louder than words, especially when it comes to kids!
So, here are some role modeling tips, based on our Healthy6 key messages that will get you and your kids on the path toward healthy habits for life. And the theme for National Nutrition Month this year is also, Eat Right, Your Way, Every Day; a convenient tie-in to these tips today!
- Fruits and Veggies Every Day. Eat YOUR Veggies! ...and your fruits. When kids see you eating them, they'll be more likely to try them, and like them too.
- Make Smart Serving Size Choices. Serve yourself appropriate portion sizes, and don't overeat. Also, talk to kids about your own feelings of hunger and fullness to help them learn portion control, too.
- Do Your Own Drink Think. Make ice cold water or skim milk your drink of choice at every meal, and your kids will come to expect it as the norm, not the exception.
- Attack Everyone's Snacks. Build healthy snacks into your own routine, and sit down and eat them with kids whenever possible.
- Active Play, Balance Everyone's Day! Get out there and move around with the kids, whether it's an organized sport, or just free play. Find your own fitness routine and let the kids see you making it a priority every day.
- Build Breakfast into Your Day. When kids see you enjoying breakfast every day, they are more likely to join in and start their day that way too.
What are you doing to Eat Right, Your Way, Every Day throughout the month of March?


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That's right, sports fans, it's once again time for the big ol' love letter to St. Louis music known as the RFT Music Awards and Showcase. The nominating committee has made its arguments and to show for it we have five of the best bands and artists in 25 categories.
Many of these fine musicians will appear at the RFT Music Showcase, to be held this year on June 2. Important: If you are one of this year's nominees, please email us at email@example.com and include the best email and phone number at which to reach you this week in order to be sure you are included in our coverage.
For those of you who are still reading and haven't skipped ahead to the nominees already (all three of you), a note or two on this year's ballot: We are instituting an RFT Music Hall of Fame. Some form of this has existed in the past, but this will be ongoing -- each year we will select a handful of highly deserving mainstays and breakouts to enshrine. This year's inductees are listed after the rest of the categories, which are in alphabetical order. Also, if your band/your friend's band isn't listed, rest assured it was right on the bubble.
Congratulations to all 125 nominees.
Americana Pretty Little Empire Rough Shop Water Liars Tenement Ruth Bob Reuter's Alley Ghost
Blues Rum Drum Ramblers Bottoms Up Blues Gang Big George Brock Jeremiah Johnson band Marquise Knox
Chamber Pop Scarlet Tanager Palace Union Tree Review Dots Not Feathers Rats & People Motion Picture Orchestra
Country Prairie Rehab Colonel Ford Dive Poets Western Satellites Lonesome Cowboy Ryan & His Dried Up Tear Drops
Cover Band Capone Dance Floor Riot Vote For Pedro Extremely Pointless Trixie Delight
DJ* 18andCounting DJ Needles DJ Mahf DJ Sir Thurl DJ Uptown
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Rogerio dashed out of his goal to punch clear a corner but instead the ball somehow looped high and backwards into the net despite the presence of three defenders on the line.
The 61st-minute goal completed a 3-0 defeat on an unhappy evening all round for Sao Paulo and the 39-year-old Rogerio, who has scored more than 100 goals from free kicks and penalties and recently returned to action after a six-month injury layoff.
And another thing ...
Team GB hurdler Andy Turner provides an insight into the unexpected perils of a pre-Games training camp.
Red Bull Saltzburg's Jonathan Soriano is early contender for worst penalty of the season.
Referee knocked unconscious by Benfica's Luisao during 'friendly' against Fortuna Düsseldorf.
Everton defender Tony Hibbert's first goal in over 11 years of service sparks pitch invasion.
Russian high-jump champion Ivan Ukhov drunk on more than just success.
Australia's Olympic agony explained: "Other countries have sent swimmers. This is outrageous."
Casetteboy goes to work on Boris Johnson and the Olympics.
An amusing musical journey through the great and not-so-great footballers of the world.
South Sydney fullback leaves St George Illawarra Dragons hooker unconscious.
Team USA's LeBron James gets the Presidential seal of approval.


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Build Guide by Master Yi
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Nasus Build
Purchase Order
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Nasus is a really good tank initiator in teamfights but often underratted Im going to prove that the Curator of the sands can Own if you play him like this :D
Great slow to help teamates and yourself pick up kills
amazing ult that can 2v1 easily also a very good initiating skill
great farmer and harraser early game with spirit fire
no escape ability
low health for a tank early game ( Decent health and armor mid-late game )
Summoner abilities:
Ghost- persanel preference... beacause of running through units for running away and chasing. another great choice is flash.
Ignite- great early game skill that kills you know.siphoning strike->wither->sheen>iginite
NOTE: this is not needed. Teleport or heal if your knew to Nasus are also great choices.
Item explanations:
Dorans shield- To take a good amount of damage early game and to stay in the lane for a longer time, sell when you can.
Ninja Tabi- best boots for a tank, 25 armor and 12% dodge to make your runes and and masteries more effective.
sheen- to pick up early kills early to mid game.
sunfire capes- THE AOE RAPE that works so well with nasus ult its like they were made for each other. the health and armor are a big plus too :D
atmas impaler- gives you alot of damage bacause of your health and gives some bonus armor pick it up if u can.
Early game:
Harras with spirit fire and keep the other team from leveling. If you have a dps or high spell damage caster as your laning partner you can get some early kills or assists with wither to slow the target and use ignite to finish them off. if you the other other team getting the upper hand GTFO and use ghost if need it, your much more usefull alive ;D
Mid game:
By this time you should have dorans shield, ninja tabi and sheen and maybe on your way to your first sunfire cape. If there are team battles initiate with your ult and make sure your team is behind you to finish the guys off.
Late Game: this is where nasus shines his sunfire capes+ult+ignite can DESAMATE your enemies and anyone foolish enough to 1v1 you. Tank turrets and lead the push when your team is behind you. NOTE: dont be afraid to ult when your about to die it might save your life and you might even kill the person that is chasing you.
Nasus is truly a great tank and team carrier use him wisely and you might guarantee your team a win so go out there GOOD LUCK and HAVE FUN :D


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Hook, who will join the French club in July on a three-year contract, had been expected to move since he announced in the autumn that he would leave Ospreys at the end of the season.
In his contract, the three-quarter has guaranteed his release for Wales duty for pre-World Cup camps, the World Cup itself and Tests within the IRB international window. However, he will not automatically be available for games outside of the window.
"It's daunting but I am hugely excited," said Hook. "The last couple of years I have always wanted to go out to France and experience it. The easiest thing would have been to stay. The Ospreys are a great region. All my friends are from that region but it's a short career. The positives outweigh the negatives."
By moving their quarter-final against Jonny Wilkinson's Toulon across the border with Spain, the Catalan side fulfil a long-held ambition to stage a match at the Catalan capital.
Perpignan had initially hoped that the 99,000-capacity Nou Camp, home of Barcelona football club, would be available but the Olympic Stadium at Montjuïc should make for a spectacular occasion on Saturday, April 9.
In a notable double for Spain, the Basque city of San Sebastián will host the second all-French quarter-final the next day when Biarritz, barely 40 minutes drive over the border, tackle champions Toulouse.
In the other quarter-finals, Leinster's match against Leicester Tigers should draw a full house to the Aviva Stadium in Dublin on the Saturday, while Northampton Saints will play Ulster at stadium:mk in Milton Keynes on Sunday.
England manager Martin Johnson is backing an International Rugby Board crackdown on illegal scrummaging in a bid to reverse the alarming number of collapsed or reset scrums that is blighting the international game.
IRB statistics reveal that currently 60 per cent of scrums collapse in internationals between the leading nations and 40 per cent of scrums are required to be reset. The head coaches of all the Six Nations teams, including Johnson, met with the IRB's referee manager, Paddy O'Brien, in London on Tuesday to agree upon a strict interpretation of the scrummaging laws.
Johnson said: "It was a good meeting and all the coaches wanted to get it fixed. Watching reset scrums is no one's idea of fun."
Tommy Bowe and Jamie Heaslip will miss Ireland's Six Nations opener against Italy on Feb 5. The Ospreys wing and Leinster No 8 saw specialists for an assessment of their respective knee and ankle problems yesterday and were ruled out. However, Heaslip could return in time to face France on Feb 13, the Irish Rugby Union said.
It is another blow to coach Declan Kidney, who has already been deprived of the services of John Hayes, Shane Horgan, Geordan Murphy, Andrew Trimble, Rob Kearney and Jerry Flannery.
Italy coach Nick Mallett says he is not interested in applying for the Rugby Football Union's new position of performance director.
Although Mallett's contract with the Federazione Italiana Rugby expires following this year's World Cup in New Zealand, he said: "I love this job and I'd like to stay on."


text:
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About Our Hatchery Choice Brown Egg Layer Special
Chickens for Backyards has selected an assortment of the best brown egg laying chickens to give you a brightly colored, healthy and active flock with many different types and sizes. With 100 assorted brown egg layers, you can start, replenish or expand a large hatchery. The chickens vary in color between red, gold, peach, black and other colors and patterns, and all the chickens lay brown eggs. Brown eggs are generally preferred on small farms and among backyard flocks, as buyers generally regard brown eggs to be more natural. Order an assortment of 100 brown egg layers to add to your flock.
Although we strive to provide the best possible variety, your assortment will be based on availability of breeds at the time they are ordered.
Please note: We do not keep record of breeds selected for assortments.
Assortment may include but is not limited to the following breeds:
- Buff Orpingtons
- Silver Laced Wyandottes
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About Your Ship Date:
We will email a ship date to you within 5 days of placing your order. Your chicks will arrive 1 to 3 days after that ship date. You should receive a phone call from your local post office upon delivery and we recommend you pick them up immediately upon notification.
Please note: the requested month to ship is subject to change based on availability.
Live Chick Guarantee
We guarantee your ordered number of birds arrive healthy and true to breed. Please contact us immediately should any losses or variances to your order occur, this guarantee is only for the safe and live delivery of your poultry. Any loss must be reported to Chickens for Backyards within 3 days of receipt for any adjustment to be made. Reshipments are subject to availability and minimum shipping requirements. If eligible, we will reship only once. Reimbursements are limited to the cost of the birds and will not include shipping charges.
Cancellations & Changes
A miniumum of two week notice prior to your ship date must be given to cancel or change a live chick order.
Click here to learn more about shipping baby chicks and marek's vaccination


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Ticket Information
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The Parrish Family Athletics Ticket Office is located in Schollmaier Arena. Regular business hours are Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
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All ticket orders placed seven (7) or more business days prior to the game will be mailed unless the purchaser requests the tickets to be left at Will Call. All orders placed less than seven (7) business days to the game will automatically be placed in Will Call.
A photo ID will be required to receive the tickets. Tickets cannot be left in Will Call under more than one name. Fans wishing to leave tickets for family and friends can do so at Will Call. The ticket office will not be responsible for any drop off will call that cannot be found.
Will Call tickets may be picked up prior to the game at the Parrish Family Athletics Ticket Office located in Schollmaier Arena during normal business hours.Group Tickets/Birthday and Party Packages
TCU offers special discounts for groups of 20 or more who are interested in attending a TCU Athletics home event. For more information, CLICK HERE
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Track & Field @TCUTrackField
Beach Volleyball @TCUBeachVB
Volleyball @TCUvolleyball


text:
House Sold
- About this property
- Features
Best in the Bay - Now Sold!Property ID KBN20247From pristine views to native marine life, you'd be hard-pressed to find a more idyllic spot than Breaker Bay. For the first time in twenty years, one of the bay's most sought-after properties is on the market and it won't last long. With panoramic views from every room, rustic Southern coastal charm and unique all-day sun, this stunning seafront property is just 15 minutes from Wellington CBD, and is now awaiting new loving owners who are looking for their own slice of paradise.
Wake up to the sound of rolling breakers, watch pods of dolphins frolic in the waves outside your front windows, and enjoy morning and evening sun thanks to the site's unique corner position in the bay. The home is a traditional build, made of solid brick, native flooring and art deco features, perfect for those who are looking for something with a bit of character. All three of the double bedrooms have spectacular views of the coastline, perfect for watching the Interislander make it's sunset voyage across the Cook Straight.
The house has a modern indoor/outdoor flow, and with a large flat section, backyard and existing studio - ideal for entertaining year-round. Enjoy the warmth of a roaring fire in winter, and push open the French doors in the summertime to a sheltered garden with its own microclimate perfect for growing strawberries. Other great features include a garage, driveway parking for 3-4 cars, fireplace, gas heating and a claw foot bath. It is also in zone for many good schools and you'll be spoilt for choice great cafes and swimming beaches. RV $610,000
Phone the Vendor's Agents to view. Trish Snowden 021459459 & Hamish Timmins 027 542 6474
Property features
Year Built1960
ParkingRoom for parking in driveway
OtherPolished Timber Floor


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A Call to OSCE Commitments in Aftermath of Turkish ReferendumThursday, May 04, 2017
Mr. President, I rise today to express my concerns about the outcome of the April 16 constitutional referendum in Turkey, when more than 50 million Turkish citizens voted on constitutional amendments to convert Turkey's parliamentary government into a presidential system. Turkey is a longstanding friend of the United States and a NATO ally. Our bilateral partnership dates back to the Cold War when Turkey served as an important bulwark against the creeping influence of the Soviet Union. Time has not diminished Turkey's geostrategic importance. Today, Ankara finds itself at the intersection of several critical challenges: the instability in Syria and Iraq, the threat of ISIS and other extremist groups, and the refugee crisis spawned by this regional upheaval. The United States relies on Turkey and other regional partners to help coordinate and strengthen our collective response. I was deeply troubled when renegade military units attempted to overthrow Turkey's democratically elected government last July. Turkey's strength is rooted in the democratic legitimacy of its government – a pillar of stability targeted by the reckless and criminal coup attempt. As Chairman of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, or U.S. Helsinki Commission, I take very seriously the political commitments made by the 57 participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). These commitments – held by both the United States and Turkey – represent the foundation of security and cooperation in the OSCE region. They include an indispensable focus on human rights, rule of law, and democratic institutions. In the OSCE's founding document, the Helsinki Final Act, participating States affirm "the universal significance of human rights and fundamental freedoms" and consider respect for these to be an "essential factor" for international peace and security. This vision is consistent with long-established U.S. foreign policy promoting human rights and democracy as cornerstones of a safer, more stable international order. With these principles in mind, the United States must pay urgent attention to the current situation in Turkey and the danger it poses to Turkish and regional stability. Eroding respect for fundamental freedoms, rule of law, and democratic institutions in Turkey has proceeded at an alarming pace. The government's planned "executive presidency" will further decrease government accountability. Since the attempted coup more than nine months ago, Turkey has operated under a state of emergency that gives the government sweeping authority to curtail rights and silence opponents. Certain extraordinary measures may have been justified in the immediate aftermath to restore order, investigate events, and bring perpetrators to justice, but the government's actions have stretched far beyond these legitimate aims. The ongoing purge has touched every institution of government, sector of society, corner of the country, and shade of opposition – military or civilian, Turk or Kurd, religious or secular, nationalist or leftist, political or non-political. An atmosphere of fear and uncertainty has settled over Turkish society as more than 100,000 people have been detained or arrested. Tens of thousands have been fired from their jobs, had their professional licenses revoked, and had their names released on public lists without any recognizable due process. The government removed and replaced thousands of judges and prosecutors within hours of the coup's defeat, compromising the independence of the judiciary at a moment when an impartial justice system had become more important than ever. The government has also closed more than 150 media outlets. Upwards of 80 journalists are behind bars. The offices of the country's oldest newspaper were raided, and the paper's editor-in-chief and other staff were arrested. The media environment was already under extraordinary pressure before the coup. Last spring, the government seized control of the country's highest-circulation paper. Self-censorship is now widely practiced to avoid provoking the government's ire. Additionally, state of emergency decrees have given regional governors the ability to curtail freedom of assembly rights, harming the ability of civil society organizations to organize rallies concerning the referendum. Since July, the government has detained more than a dozen opposition parliamentarians. Many more continue to face criminal charges for political statements they made before the coup attempt. It is difficult to overstate the chilling effect these measures have had on political debate in Turkey. And yet, these are the circumstances under which Turks voted on April 16. These major constitutional changes passed with a slim majority of 51 percent. The OSCE's international observation mission stated in its preliminary conclusions that the vote "took place on an unlevel playing field" and that "fundamental freedoms essential to a genuinely democratic process were curtailed." Under the revised constitution, the once largely ceremonial position of president will convert into an "executive presidency" and the position of prime minister will be abolished. The president will be elected along with the national assembly every five years and has the ability to dissolve the assembly and call new elections at will. The president will also appoint a larger proportion — nearly half — of the country's supreme judicial council. In a report on these new constitutional provisions, the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe concluded that the amendments are a "step backwards" and pose "dangers of degeneration … towards an authoritarian and personal regime." Turkey is undergoing a disturbing transformation, and I am concerned these changes could undermine the strength of our partnership. President Erdogan's government has dramatically repressed dissent, purged opponents from every sector of government and society, and is now poised to consolidate power further under his self-described "executive presidency." In the short term, the Turkish government should act swiftly and transparently to investigate credible claims of voting irregularities in the referendum as well as the legality of a surprise electoral board decision to admit an unknown number of ballots that should be deemed invalid under existing rules. Public trust in the outcome of such a consequential vote is of utmost importance. Sadly, until now, the government has responded to these challenges with dismissiveness and suppression. In the past week, dozens of activists have been detained for participating in protests against the election results. Furthermore, the government should lift the state of emergency, stop all forms of repression against the free press, release all imprisoned journalists and political activists, and urgently restore public confidence in the judiciary. Only then can it credibly and independently adjudicate the tens of thousands of cases caught up in the government's months-long dragnet operations. A country where disagreements are suppressed rather than debated is less secure. A country where institutions are subordinated to personalities is less stable. A country where criticism is conflated with sedition is less democratic. Unless President Erdogan moves urgently to reverse these trends, I fear our partnership will inevitably become more transactional and less strategic. It will become more difficult to justify long-term investment in our relationship with Turkey if the future of the country becomes synonymous with the fortunes of one party or one individual. The United States and Turkey need a solid foundation for enduring cooperation to tackle regional instability, terrorism, migration, and other challenges. The future of this partnership is difficult to imagine in the midst of a prolonged state of emergency, wide-scale purges, and weakened democratic institutions.
Turkey Post-Referendum: Institutions and Human RightsTuesday, May 02, 2017
Human rights abuses by the Turkish government have proliferated under the state-sanctioned emergency measures imposed in the aftermath of the July 2016 failed coup attempt. Turkish authorities have fired as many as 130,000 public workers, including teachers, academics, police officers, and soldiers, and thousands have been arrested. Hundreds of journalists have had their credentials revoked and dozens of media outlets have been shut down. Human rights groups have documented widespread reports of intimidation, ill-treatment and torture of those in police custody. On April 16, 2017, Turkey held a referendum on a package of amendments that transforms the country's institutions in major ways. The position of prime minister was eliminated and the executive powers of the president were expanded, enabling him to appoint ministers without parliamentary approval, exert more influence over the judiciary, and call early elections. Coming on top of the post-coup crackdown, how will Turkey's changing institutions affect human rights in the country? Panelists at the briefing discussed how U.S. policymakers can most effectively encourage the protection of human rights to promote the interests of the Turkish people given the strategic importance of the U.S.-Turkey bilateral relationship.
Political Prisoners in RussiaTuesday, May 02, 2017
Principle VII of the 1975 Helsinki Final Act recognizes the right of individuals to know and act upon their human rights and fundamental freedoms, including freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. The following individuals who were profiled in the Helsinki Commission's April 2017 hearing, "Democracy & Human Rights Abuses in Russia: No End in Sight," illustrate the many cases of political prisoners in Russia today. Dmitry Buchenkov – Buchenkov was charged under Article 212 of the Russian criminal code ("participation in mass riots") and Article 318 ("use of force against a representative of the authority") for his participation in the 2012 Bolotnaya Square protests against fraud in the 2011 presidential elections. He was arrested in December 2015 and is currently under house arrest. He is recognized by Memorial as a political prisoner not only because the alleged offense did not take place, but also due to the lack of a fair trial and the disproportionate use of pretrial detention in light of the charge against him. His case illustrates the prosecution of individuals for engaging in nonviolent public protest against the government in general and the Bolotnaya Square cases in particular. Oleg Navalny – Navalny was charged under Article 159 ("swindling on a large scale"), article 159.4 ("swindling on a particularly large scale in the entrepreneurial sphere"), and article 174.1.a (laundering of funds on a large scale acquired by a person through a crime committed by him"). He was sentenced to 3 ½ years in a closed proceeding, Memorial considers him a political prisoner because the alleged offense did not take place and he was not given a fair trial. In reality, Oleg Navalny was targeted because he is the brother of prominent political activist Alexei Navalny. It appears the authorities are unwilling to make a martyr out of Alexei Navalny but seek to exert pressure on him by persecuting his brother. Oleg Navalny's case illustrates the willingness of the government to target family members as a means of exerting pressure on political activists, which is specifically prohibited under the OSCE 1989 Vienna Concluding Document. Darya Polyudova – Polyudova was charged under article 280 of the Russian criminal code ("public appeals for extremist activity" and "public appeals for actions aimed at a violation of the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation") in connection with her participation in preparation for a march that did not take place. In reality, she was indicted for criticizing Moscow online for its support of Russia-backed separatists in Ukraine's east. She is recognized as a political prisoner because the offense did not take place, her right to a fair trial was violated, and the government disproportionately used pretrial detention given the nature of the charges. She was sentenced to two years in prison, becoming the first person in Russia convicted under a 2014 law criminalizing calls for separatism on the Internet. Her case illustrates the government's prosecution of Russian nationals who criticize Russia's actions and policies in Ukraine. Sergei Udaltsov – Udaltsov was charged under Article 30 of the Russian criminal code ("preparation of actions aimed at organizing mass riots") and Article 212 ("organization of mass riots") after participating in the Bolotnaya Square protests. He has been arrested multiple times before for protesting against the government. Memorial recognizes him as a political prisoner on the grounds that he was charged with an offense that did not take place; his right to a fair trial was violated; and the government disproportionately used pretrial detention. He was sentenced to four years and six months in prison. Ivan Nepomniashchikh – Nepomniashchikh was charged with Article 212 of the Russian criminal code ("participation in mass riots") and Article 318 ("use of force against a representative of the authority"). He is recognized as a political prisoner on the grounds that he is being prosecuted for exercising his right to freedom of assembly; he is being charged with an offense that did not take place; he was not allowed a fair trial; and the government disproportionately used pretrial detention. He is another example of those being prosecuted for participating in the Bolotnaya Square protests against the 2011 fraud in the presidential election. Alexei Pichugin – Pichugin was charged under Article 162 of the Russian criminal code ("robbery") and Article 105 ("murder"). At a closed trial, Pichugin, the former head of internal economic security for the Yukos Company then headed by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, was sentenced to life imprisonment in a special-regime penal colony. He has been in prison since 2003 and is recognized as a political prisoner on the grounds that his prosecution was conducted without a fair trial. The European Court on Human Rights also has held that Pichugin was denied a fair trial. Oleg Sentsov – Senstov is a Ukrainian filmmaker imprisoned in Russia since 2015, and was the focus of a separate Helsinki Commission briefing. Sentsov was arrested in the Russian-occupied Crimean territory of Ukraine and charged under Article 205.4 of the Russian criminal code ("organization of a terrorist group"), Article 205 ("terrorist act committed by an organized group"), Article 30 in connection with Article 205 ("preparation of a terrorist act"), Article 30 in connection with Article 222 ("attempted illegal acquisition of firearms and explosive devices"), and Article 222 ("illegal acquisition and storage of far arms and explosive devices"). He was accused of planning an attack on a monument to Lenin, a charge he denies. He was sentenced in a Russian military court to 20 years in a strict regime penal colony for terrorism. Other Illustrative Cases Alexander Kolchenko – Kolchenko, a Crimean activist, was charged under article 205 of Russia's criminal code (art. 205.4 part 2: "Participation in a terrorist organization," and art. 205, paragraph "a," part 2: "A terrorist act conducted by a terrorist group"). He refuted the accusations of terrorism. Mr. Kolchenko was detained in May 2014, in Simferopol, Crimea, shortly after Russia took control over the peninsula. On August 25, 2016, the North Caucasus District Military Court of Russia sentenced Mr. Kolchenko to 10 years of imprisonment in a strict-regime colony. He is serving his sentence in the Chelyabinsk Oblast, in the city of Kopeysk, a facility notorious for its poor treatment of convicts. Mr. Kolchenko is recognized as a political prisoner by Russia's Memorial watchdog group. Mykola Semena (under a travel ban) – Semena, a Crimean journalist, has been charged under Article 280.1 of Russia's criminal code, which penalizes "public calls for actions violating the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation." The law was added to the Russian criminal code in December 2013, and came into force in May 2014 - several weeks after Crimea was annexed by Russia. Semena was one of the only independent journalists to remain on the peninsula following Russia's March 2014 annexation of Crimea. He contributed reporting to RFE/RL's Ukrainian Service and its Crimea Desk. On April 19, 2016, after Russian police searched Semena's home and confiscated computers and storage media, the de facto Crimean prosecutor-general ordered Semena to remain on the peninsula while he was investigated for alleged "calls to undermine Russia's territorial integrity via the mass media." Semena has been forced to stay in Crimea ever since, despite his requests to travel to Kyiv for urgently needed medical care. Roman Sushchenko (in pre-trial detention) – Sushchenko, a Ukrainian journalist, is charged under article 276 of Russia's criminal code (espionage). He has worked as a Paris-based correspondent for Ukraine's state news agency, Ukrinform, since 2010. He was detained at a Moscow airport on September 30, 2016, upon his arrival from Paris on private business. He was accused of collecting classified information on the activities of Russia's armed forces and the National Guard. Mr. Sushchenko denies any involvement in espionage. His employer, Ukrinform, also considers the accusations false and called his detention a "planned provocation." Mr. Sushchenko's attorney is Mark Feygin, who previously represented Pussy Riot and Nadezhda Savchenko. Memorial, a Russian organization established to report on the crimes of Stalinism, documents cases of political prisoners as well as cases of those persecuted for their faith.This information was compiled by Helsinki Commission staff from Memorial, the U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices, and news sources. The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom also tracks cases of individuals imprisoned in connection with their faith.
press release
Helsinki Commission Calls for Proclamation Recognizing Importance of Helsinki Final ActWednesday, April 26, 2017
WASHINGTON—Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker (MS) today introduced a bipartisan Senate resolution urging President Trump to recognize the importance of the Helsinki Final Act – the founding document of today's Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) – and its relevance to American national security. The resolution was cosponsored by all other Senators currently serving on the Helsinki Commission: Sen. Ben Cardin (MD), Sen. John Boozman (AR), Sen. Cory Gardner (CO), Sen. Marco Rubio (FL), Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (NH), Sen. Thom Tillis (NC), Sen. Tom Udall (NM), and Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (RI). "Peace and prosperity in the OSCE region rest on a respect for human rights and the preservation of fundamental freedoms, democratic principles, and economic liberty. Unfortunately, the commitment to these ideals by some OSCE participating States is eroding," Chairman Wicker said. "The shrinking space for civil society in many nations has become reminiscent of the Communist era – a time when many Helsinki Monitoring Groups were violently persecuted for their courageous support of basic human rights," he continued. "With its actions in Ukraine and Georgia, the Russian Federation in particular has demonstrated how closely such internal repression can be tied to external aggression. We were reminded of these abuses in this morning's Helsinki Commission hearing. I urge the President to make it clear that Helsinki principles are vital not only to American national interests but also to the security of the OSCE region as a whole." "What was remarkable about the Helsinki Final Act was the commitment that these standards we agreed to would not only be of internal interest to the member country, but that any country signatory to the Helsinki Final Act could challenge the actions of any other country," said Ranking Commissioner Cardin, who is also Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. "We have not only the right but the responsibility to call out countries that fail to adhere to the basic principles that were agreed to in 1975." Defining security in a uniquely comprehensive manner, the Helsinki Final Act contains 10 principles guiding inter-state relations, among them respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief (Principle VII). Other principles include respect for sovereign equality (Principle I), the territorial integrity of states (Principle IV), and states' fulfilment in good faith of their obligations under international law (Principle X). S.Con.Res.13 encourages President Trump to reaffirm America's commitment to the principles and implementation of the Helsinki Final Act. The resolution also calls on the President to urge other participating States to respect their OSCE commitments and to condemn the Russian Federation's clear, gross, and uncorrected violations of all 10 core OSCE principles enshrined in the Helsinki Final Act.
Democracy & Human Rights Abuses in Russia: No End in SightWednesday, April 26, 2017
The U.S Helsinki Commission held a hearing on Wednesday on "Democracy and Human Rights Abuses in Russia: No End in Sight." It was the first hearing in the 115th Congress focused on internal human rights repression in Russia. Vladimir Kara-Murza, vice-chairman of pro-reform movement Open Russia; Rachel Denber, Deputy Director of the Europe and Central Asia Division at Human Rights Watch; and Dr. Daniel Calingaert, Executive Vice President of Freedom House, testified about the crisis of Russian democracy and the country's worsening human rights record under President Vladimir Putin. In his opening statement, Mr. Kara-Murza underscored the necessity for the OSCE participating States to give an honest assessment about what is happening in Russia, where the number of political prisoners now exceeds a hundred people (a number that has doubled in less than a year). Mr. Kara-Murza, a vocal critic of the Kremlin who has survived two poisoning attempts, estimated that more than 30 activists have been murdered by the Putin regime since Vladimir Putin assumed power in 2000. He also called for an end to impunity for human rights violations in Russia. "The U.S. does have a mechanism for such accountability in the Magnitsky Act that provides for targeted sanctions on human rights abusers. This law should continue to be implemented to its full extent," Mr. Kara-Murza said. His concerns were echoed by Human Rights Watch's Rachel Denber, who noted that today, "Russia is more repressive that it has ever been in the post-Soviet era." At Chairman Wicker's request, Ms. Denber provided detailed information about each of the Russian political prisoners who were featured on posters in the room, and also spoke at length about the repression of gay men in Chechnya. Dr. Daniel Calingaert of Freedom House highlighted the fact that Mr. Putin was the primary author of the modern authoritarian's playbook, which has subsequently been replicated by many autocratic rulers in the region. "His methods for suppressing civil society and political opposition have inspired other dictators, and his media manipulation has impacted most of Eurasia directly and extended to Europe and the United States," Dr. Calingaert said. However, despite the grim situation, Mr. Kara-Murza voiced some optimism about the future. "Increasingly, the young generation in Russia – the very generation that grew up under Vladimir Putin – is demanding respect and accountability from those in power," he said. Mr. Kara-Murza pointed to a wave of anti-corruption demonstrations that took place in dozens of cities across Russia in late March, with tens of thousands of people, mostly young protesters, taking out to the streets to demand the resignation of Prime Minister Dimitriy Medvedev. "This movement will continue. And these growing demands for accountability are the best guarantee that Russia will one day become a country where citizens can exercise the rights and freedoms to which they are entitled," he added.
Death of OSCE Monitor in Eastern UkraineMonday, April 24, 2017
Mr. President, I was saddened to learn that an American member of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine was killed this past weekend by a landmine. Joseph Stone was carrying out his dutiesin territory controlled by Russian-backed separatists. Two other members of the team—one from the Czech Republic and another from Germany—were injured. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe controls these monitoring teams. They are comprised of unarmed civilians. The mission has been in the region since 2014, when, unfortunately, Russian-backed troops invaded Crimea. Had Russia lived up to the Minsk agreements and ceased supporting, directing, funding, and fueling separatists in this region, there would have been no need for the mission to continue. Sadly, that is not the case. This particular special monitoring mission currently fields roughly 700 monitors, with 600 of them in Donetsk and Luhansk. Those who are part of this mission are unarmed civilians. They serve as the eyes and ears for the world in the conflict zone. They report on the near-constant violations of the cease-fire, as well as reporting on humanitarian needs of the population. They play an essential role in the understanding of the situation on the ground, often under extremely difficult circumstances and, certainly, as we have seen with Joseph Stone, dangerous circumstances. As a member of the Armed Services Committee, I often hear from our top military leaders about the importance of the OSCE and the work being done by the special monitoring missions. In late March, for example, during a hearing of the Armed Services Committee, General Curtis M. Scaparrotti, commander of the U.S. European Command and Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, called attention to the good work of OSCE in the region and the work of the monitoring missions. He confirmed in his testimony that ''Russia is directing combined Russian-separatist forces to target civilian infrastructure and threaten and intimidate OSCE monitors in order to turn up the pressure on Ukraine.'' He also said, ''Russian-led separatist forces continue to commit the majority of ceasefire violations despite attempts by the OSCE to broker a lasting ceasefire along the Line of Contact.'' The tragic death of American Joseph Stone underscores the need for the OSCE monitors to have unfettered access across the front lines and across the border regions controlled by the separatists. This unfortunate tragedy is a result of this access not being granted. I commend the Austrian Foreign Minister, who serves as OSCE chair-in-office, for calling attention to this tragedy and calling for an immediate investigation into these events. Those who are responsible for the death of Joseph Stone and the injury of the two other monitors should be held accountable. Joseph Stone died serving his country by serving as a part of this international effort, and I extend my condolences this evening to his family and friends. I once again call on the Russian leadership to put an end to the cycle of violence and to live up to its OSCE commitments. As chairman of the Helsinki Commission, the U.S. part of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, I think it is important for Members of the Senate and for Americans to understand the important role that Americans are playing in this effort.
Background: OSCE Special Monitoring Mission in UkraineMonday, April 24, 2017
By Alex Tiersky, Global Security and Political-Military Affairs Advisor On April 23, 2017, the OSCE announced that a U.S. paramedic serving in the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine had been killed when his vehicle struck an explosive – likely a landmine – in separatist controlled territory in eastern Ukraine. Two other SMM personnel, from Germany and the Czech Republic, were also injured in the incident. What is the OSCE SMM? The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)'s Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine was established in 2014, to monitor implementation of the Minsk agreements designed to bring peace to eastern Ukraine. The SMM operates under a mandate adopted by consensus among the 57 OSCE participating States, including the United States, Russia and Ukraine. Currently fielding roughly 700 monitors, nearly 600 of whom are in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the SMM is an unarmed, civilian mission that serves as the international community's eyes and ears in the conflict zone. The Mission has some notable achievements, including regular reporting on the near-constant ceasefire violations, as well as the humanitarian needs of the population struggling in the conflict zone. It has also sought to bring the sides together on weapons withdrawals and demining, as well as working towards agreements to fix power and water lines in the conflict area. However, Mission personnel face regular and sometimes violent harassment by combined Russian-separatist forces, who seek to limit the SMM's access to the areas they control. The attacks have made the environment in which Mission personnel operate increasingly volatile and dangerous, a fact tragically underlined by the incident on April 23. In addition to this harassment, the SMM has faced limits imposed by the Russian-backed separatists including denial of access to the Ukrainian-Russian border, as well as jamming or downing of the OSCE's unmanned aerial vehicles, critical tools for maintaining a clear operational picture. What is the U.S. Position? The United States supports the SMM and its monitors by providing personnel (roughly 75 Americans, making it the largest national contributor) and resources to the mission. The U.S. also supports the SMM by pushing Russia to end the separatists' obstructions. Since the April 23 incident, the U.S. has reiterated its call for full implementation of the Minsk Agreements, particularly by the Russian-led separatist forces who are most responsible for the threats to the SMM. The U.S. has pushed for the sides to move towards a real and durable ceasefire, withdrawal of heavy weapons, and disengagement from the line of contact, as well as safe, full, and unfettered access throughout the conflict zone for the SMM monitors. The U.S. Helsinki Commission has consistently upheld Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity, including through support of the efforts of the SMM in Ukraine, and called for full implementation of the Minsk Agreements, in particular underlining Russia's responsibility in ensuring that the separatists make verifiable and irreversible progress on the implementation of the Minsk agreements. The latest incident must not only be fully investigated; it is a reminder of the urgent need for progress on full implementation of the Minsk Agreements, including a cease-fire and withdrawal of weapons.
press release
Chairman Wicker on Death of OSCE Monitor in Eastern UkraineMonday, April 24, 2017
WASHINGTON—Following the death yesterday of a U.S. paramedic serving in the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine when his vehicle struck an explosive – likely a landmine – in separatist-controlled territory in eastern Ukraine, Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker spoke on the Senate floor this evening to condemn the incident; express his condolences to the family of the victim, Joseph Stone; and call for the Russian government to end the cycle of violence that resulted in yesterday's tragedy. "Had Russia lived up to the Minsk agreements, and ceased supporting, directing, funding, and fueling separatists in this region, there would have been no need for the [monitoring] mission to continue," Senator Wicker said. "[The monitors] play an essential role in the understanding of the situation on the ground, often under extremely difficult circumstances…the tragic death of American Joseph Stone underscores the need for the OSCE monitors to have unfettered access across the front lines and across the border regions controlled by the separatists," he continued. "I commend the Austrian foreign minister, who serves as OSCE Chair-in-Office, for calling attention to this tragedy and calling for an immediate investigation into these events. Those who are responsible … should be held accountable. Joseph Stone died serving his country by serving as a part of this international effort, and I extend my condolences this evening to his family and friends. I once again call on Russian leadership to put an end to the cycle of violence and to live up to its OSCE commitments," Senator Wicker concluded. The SMM was established in 2014 to monitor implementation of the Minsk agreements designed to bring peace to eastern Ukraine. The SMM operates under a mandate adopted by consensus among the 57 OSCE participating States, including the United States, Russia, and Ukraine. Currently fielding roughly 700 monitors, nearly 600 of whom are in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the SMM is an unarmed, civilian mission that serves as the international community's eyes and ears in the conflict zone. It is the only independent monitoring mission in the war zone. The United States supports the SMM and its monitors by providing roughly 75 personnel and other resources to the mission.
Earth Day 2017: Eyes on the ArcticFriday, April 21, 2017
By Paul Massaro, policy advisor and Jordan Warlick, staff associate On the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970, 20 million Americans volunteered and demonstrated across the country to celebrate the importance of the Earth and environment for the very first time. Founded by Democratic Senator Gaylord Nelson and co-founded by Republican Senator Pete McCloskey, and supported by Members of Congress on both sides of the aisle, Earth Day demonstrates a bipartisan commitment to protection of the environment. By the end of that year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was founded and three key pieces of legislation were passed by Congress: the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Endangered Species Act. Today, Earth Day is observed internationally and is considered the largest secular observance in the world, celebrated by over a billion people every year. Since its inception, the OSCE has recognized environmental issues as fundamental to European peace and security. The 1975 Helsinki Final Act reads, "efforts to develop co-operation in the fields of trade, industry, science and technology, the environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to the reinforcement of peace and security in Europe, and in the world as a whole." Economic and environmental issues make up the second of three core baskets of the Helsinki Final Act, also known as the OSCE's second dimension: the Economic and Environmental Dimension. In 1997, OSCE participating States established an Office of the Coordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities (OCEEA), dedicated to promoting international cooperation on these issues. The OCEEA, led by Dr. Halil Yurdakul Yigitgüden since February 2013, identifies OSCE environmental goals and priorities; organizes the meetings of the Economic and Environmental Forum; and supports field missions on environmental initiatives in areas such as water management, waste management, and sustainable energy. Although there are many areas of environmental concern that are often overlooked, the Helsinki Commission has recently spotlighted one issue in particular: the Arctic. In November 2016, the Helsinki Commission held a congressional briefing on nuclear pollution in the Arctic. The total catalogue of nuclear waste in the Arctic is staggering, and while most of the waste originated from Soviet-era Russian dumping, the United States and the United Kingdom are also responsible for some of the legacy waste. The panelists at the briefing, including expert Nils Bøhmer of the Bellona Foundation, Julia Gourley of the State Department, and Jon Rahbek-Clemmensen of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, considered approaches to handling nuclear waste in the Arctic and working with international partners on this issue. Nuclear pollution is only one of many concerns facing the Arctic region. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, over the last 20 years atmospheric temperatures have increased at a rate at least three times the global average, and as of 2011 sea ice thickness was 42 percent below what it was in 1979. If trends continue, summers may produce ice-free waters in the Arctic Ocean by the late 2030s. The melting of Arctic ice will likely have an impact on sea levels and ocean currents, and produce other environmental changes. Warming waters may also open up opportunities for new shipping routes and other development, which will transform the region's geostrategic environment.
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Helsinki Commission To Hold Briefing on Russia's Human Rights Violations against Ukrainian CitizensWednesday, April 19, 2017
WASHINGTON—The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the U.S. Helsinki Commission, today announced the following briefing: OLEG SENTSOV AND RUSSIA'S HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST UKRAINIAN CITIZENS Thursday, April 27, 2017 3:00 PM Senate Visitors Center (SVC) Room 210 In May 2014, Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov – an outspoken opponent of Russia's takeover of his native Crimea – disappeared from his hometown of Simferopol only to resurface in Russian custody in Moscow. Convicted on charges of terrorism that the human rights community has condemned as fabricated, Sentsov is now serving a 20-year sentence in a Siberian penal colony. His case not only stands as a marker for Russia's reach in silencing dissent abroad, but also illuminates broader issues of Russia's illegal occupation of Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, and human rights violations against Ukrainian citizens. The Helsinki Commission briefing will present three perspectives on this disturbing situation and its broader context: from Sentsov's cousin and chief champion; from a human rights defender investigating cases in the region; and from a member of the Ukrainian parliament. The following panelists are scheduled to participate: Natalya Kaplan, cousin of Oleg Sentsov and journalist in Kiev Mustafa Nayyem, Member of Ukrainian Parliament; former journalist and early organizer of the 2013 Euromaidan protests Halya Coynash, Spokesperson, Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
Helsinki Commission Staff Attend OSCE Permanent CouncilMonday, April 17, 2017
By A. Paul Massaro III, policy advisor, Janice Helwig, Representative of the Helsinki Commission to USOSCE, Orest Deychakiwsky, policy advisor, Alex Tiersky, policy advisor, and Jackson Lines, intern On March 30, 2017, Ambassador David Killion, Chief of Staff of the Helsinki Commission, and Helsinki Commission Policy Advisors Paul Massaro and Everett Price attended the Permanent Council (PC) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Vienna. Helsinki Commission staff members occasionally have the opportunity to attend OSCE events, including PC meetings, which help inform the work of Congress with regard to the OSCE region. What is the Permanent Council? In contrast to OSCE Summit or Ministerial Meetings, which are held annually and provide political direction and standard setting for the OSCE, the Permanent Council is the regular body for political consultations and decisions concerning the day-to-day operational work of the OSCE, and also provides a forum to address current issues. PC Meetings are held once a week at the Ambassadorial level in Vienna, Austria, and usually consist of a report by the head of an OSCE field mission or an invited speaker, and discussion of current issues. Any decisions are taken by consensus. The PC is generally closed to the public and press, although press may be allowed in for statements by high-level visitors, and academic and other visiting groups are occasionally allowed to observe the proceedings. The Helsinki Commission, joined by the State Department, has long recommended opening the Permanent Council and webcasting it as a way to improve transparency. The United States Mission to the OSCE (USOSCE) regularly posts statements it makes in the PC on its website and shares them on social media. March 30 Meeting The March 30 meeting included a report by Ambassador Michael Scanlan, Head of the OSCE Mission to Moldova, which focused largely on discussions of the future status of Transnistria within Moldova; a discussion of Russian intervention in Eastern Ukraine; and remarks on media freedom in Belarus and religious freedom in Russia. Ambassador Scanlan noted that, due to a lack of elections this year, 2017 is an important opportunity to address the Transnistrian autonomy issue in a meaningful way. Many participants expressed hope that a mid-May conference meant to open dialogue on the issue would make tangible steps towards Transnistrian autonomy. If a framework can be agreed upon, the PC volunteered the OSCE to mediate talks finalizing the deal. The United States, through its Chargé d'Affaires, Kate Byrnes, intervened on each issue. On Moldova, the United States reaffirmed its commitment to working with the 5+2 partners to find a comprehensive conflict settlement that respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Moldova and affords a special status for the Transnistrian region. On Ukraine, the United States summarized the appalling continuation of Russia's ongoing aggression and detailed violations of the ceasefire. The U.S., Ms. Byrnes stated, "affirms its staunch support for Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity within its internationally-recognized borders." While no participant was willing to take responsibility for the escalation of tensions in Ukraine, all delegations remained concerned with the situation and agreed that both sides in the conflict need to abide by the Minsk Agreements if progress towards peace is to continue. The United States also condemned crackdowns on protestors in Russia and Belarus. The United States, EU, and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Director (ODIHR) Michael Link joined together to issue statements reminding Belarus of the need to uphold its obligations to human rights and fundamental freedoms as part of the OSCE. The U.S. and EU delegations also condemned the arrests of protestors in Russia. Both called for the release of those arrested, with a particular focus on Alexei Navalny. Finally, the United States expressed concern about a Russian court case against the Jehovah's Witnesses that could lead to the disenfranchisement of the group in Russia, violating OSCE commitments to uphold freedom of religion.
Russian Military Aggression in Europe: A Resurgent Threat to StabilityFriday, April 14, 2017
On March 21 and March 23, 2017, expert witnesses—including Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander-Europe—testified in front of the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) about ongoing Russian activities in the European region. The impact of Russia's military aggression and its failure to uphold fundamental international agreements were of paramount importance to Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker (MS), a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, and Senator Jeanne Shaheen (NH), also a Helsinki Commissioner and a senior member of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees. Three key themes emerged in the Commissioners' questioning: the challenges Russian military activities, including exercises, pose to the stability of the European security environment; Moscow's flaunting of its security-related commitments; and the role of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in addressing these violations Download the full report to learn more. Contributor: Alex Tiersky, Senior Policy Advisor
First Person: Election Observation in ArmeniaThursday, April 13, 2017
By Everett Price, Policy Advisor As the Helsinki Commission's policy advisor for Armenia, I participated in the election observation mission (EOM) to Armenia organized by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe's Parliamentary Assembly (OSCE PA) from March 31 to April 3, 2017. On April 2, the Republic of Armenia held its first parliamentary election since approving constitutional amendments in a popular referendum in 2015 that transition the country from a semi-presidential to a parliamentary system. The election was also significant as the first nation-wide vote held under sweeping 2016 revisions to the country's electoral code that implemented a new process for allocating legislative seats, improved transparency, mandated advanced voter authentication measures, and increased female and minority representation quotas. I was one of a 63-member delegation of parliamentarians and staff deployed by the OSCE PA to serve as short-term observers to the Armenian election. This parliamentary delegation complemented the work of a team of 14 experts, 28 long-term observers, and over 300 short-term observers sent throughout the capital and across the country by the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). Representatives from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) and the European Parliament (EP) also participated. The OSCE PA and ODIHR regularly lead EOMs in the OSCE region at the invitation of the host country. (Learn more about OSCE election observation.) In the days before the vote, our OSCE PA observation team received extensive briefings on the election process and current political dynamics from ODIHR experts and from Armenian government officials, political parties, civil society, and media representatives. These briefings focused on allegations of electoral violations, the complexity of the electoral code, the role of international and local observers, and the tenor of the campaign. We heard a "unified message of concern" from civil society representatives. Citizen activists, journalists, and opposition members told us that the ruling party would abuse its access to administrative resources to get out the vote and that it, and other parties, would engage in voter intimidation and vote buying. They warned that while new electoral procedures might mitigate concerns about the casting and counting ballots, the ruling party and powerful oligarchs would wield improper influence outside the voting booth, diminishing the fairness of the vote. One political commentator assessed that the difficult economic situation experienced by many voters during this election season would make them especially susceptible to selling their vote. Briefers also discussed the complexity of Armenia's new electoral code and the extent to which it would address past electoral violations. Significantly, this was Armenia's first time employing electronic voter identification, multiple ballots, and a partial open list voting system that allows voters to express their preference for specific candidates. The code incorporated many recommendations from Armenian civil society, ODIHR, and other international experts and was generally assessed as a positive step forward. Concerns remained, however, about the complexity of voting procedures, voter registration policy, relatively weak campaign finance transparency provisions, and restrictions on citizen observer participation, among other issues. Civil society activists specifically raised concerns about the overall number of citizen observers and the rules governing their access to polling stations. Armenia registered over 28,000 citizen observers in a country of less than 3 million people, prompting concerns about overcrowding at polling stations and questions about the origins of the organizations and individuals behind these observation missions. One civil society representative said that only 600 of the citizen observers were from known NGOs and that many of the rest are likely from NGOs established by political parties. Some worried that the large number of citizen observers was meant to suppress the participation of legitimate groups since the electoral code stipulates that a maximum of 15 citizen observers are allowed in a polling station at one time. Ruling party officials, meanwhile, noted that hundreds of citizen observers were foreigners registered under local NGOs. They intimated that these observers could be a vehicle for unwelcome foreign influence. One media representative characterized the content of the campaign as "the most primitive" in recent memory, while another political commentator lamented the "poverty of ideas" and "competition of personalities" on display. Several members of the media and some political party officials regretted that lack of any televised debate among candidates—only three of the nine parties and political coalitions on the ballot were willing to hold such a debate. What's more, several journalists noted that many parties actively avoided the press and restricted most of their candidates from interacting with the media. Before dawn on election day, two other observers and I deployed to our first assigned polling station to watch the opening procedures. At a school in downtown Yerevan, I watched as the precinct chairwoman capably organized the precinct committee that worked together to prepare the space and voting materials for the arrival of the day's first voters. The importance of orderliness at this particular polling station became evident within the hour when presidential security arrived to prepare for Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan to cast his vote there. Despite this exceptional circumstance, in other ways the experience at this polling station typified the voting I observed elsewhere throughout the day. I saw non-credentialed citizens hovering watchfully—and in violation of the electoral code—outside the polling station and engaging voters—likely local party officials keeping tabs on voter participation. Inside the polling place there was some overcrowding, a malfunctioning electronic voter authentication device, and modest voter confusion about the voting procedure, which involved selecting among nine separate ballots and optionally marking a candidate preference on the reverse side. I visited a total of seven polling places that day, stretching from downtown Yerevan to the shores of Lake Sevan and the surrounding hinterland 60km northeast of the capital. In larger precincts I witnessed large contingents of party proxies and citizen observers monitoring the vote. In several instances, citizen observers credentialed under the name of a local NGO turned out to be from foreign countries and were unable to explain to me the mission of their organization, highlighting the opaque origins of some citizen observation efforts. In most precincts I saw a mix of credentialed and non-credentialed individuals from political parties and local NGOs mingling inside and outside the polling station, engaging voters, and generally making their presence felt. Our day ended in Yerevan where we observed the closure procedure at a polling place where about 700 votes had been cast. The precinct chairwoman carefully walked the precinct committee through the process step by step, openly acknowledging to us the difficulty of carrying out the complex procedure for the first time. The tallying took place transparently in front of us and in full view of several local observers and party proxies that stayed late into the night to oversee the count. We had the opportunity, along with our fellow observers, to ask questions of the precinct chairwoman about how she and her team were adjudicating individual ballots and counting votes. Although my observations here are anecdotal, they are consistent with the preliminary findings and conclusions of the international election observation mission that the elections "were well administered and fundamental freedoms were generally respected" although the vote was "tainted by credible information about vote-buying and pressure on civil servants and employees of private companies." The end result was a vote that suffered from "an overall lack of public confidence and trust." (Read the full Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions.) While Armenia's democracy took some important strides in the procedural conduct of this election, much work remains to be done. With the vote tallying complete, Armenia now embarks on a critical period of transition to a parliamentary system that will be fully realized at the end of the President's final term in April 2018. All political actors, but particularly the new governing coalition, must shoulder their responsibilities to ensure that this new system of governance earns the trust of the public it serves. To build this trust, Armenia would benefit from a process of political evolution that accompanies its institutional transition and procedural reforms. Specifically, Armenia's political parties and new parliament would do well to ensure a competition of ideas replaces the all too common clashes of personalities and patronage networks on display during this election.
International Roma Day 2017Friday, April 07, 2017
International Roma Day is observed annually on April 8, commemorating the anniversary of the1971 London meeting of Romani activists from across Europe. The 1971 London meeting, convened as the "World Romani Congress," was one of the first transnational gatherings of Roma. Since 1990, International Roma Day has been an opportunity to celebrate Romani culture and counter anti-Roma prejudice that fosters political and economic marginalization. Roma—Europe's Largest Ethnic Minority Roma live throughout all European countries as well as the Americas and Australasia. In Europe, the Roma population is very conservatively estimated at 15 million, with large concentrations in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe. Roma have migrated to the United States since the colonial period. There are an estimated one million Americans with some Romani roots (recent or distant Romani ancestry). Roma live throughout the United States, with larger communities in New York City, Baltimore, Chicago, and Los Angeles. They are sometimes the victims of racial profiling by law enforcement. The last explicitly anti-Roma law in the United States was repealed in New Jersey in 1998. Romani Americans have served as public members on the U.S. delegation to several OSCE human dimension meetings. In 2016, the President appointed Dr. Ethel Brooks to serve on the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Council, bringing a Romani voice to that body. Helsinki Commission Advocacy on Romani Human Rights The Commission has long record of addressing human rights issues relating to Roma. As early as 1990, a Helsinki Commission delegation in Bucharest raised alarm orchestrated attacks on Roma conducted as part of a larger crackdown on dissent. Helsinki Commissioners have continued to engage regarding the situation of Roma through hearings, briefings, and congressional meetings with Roma in Europe and the United States. In recent years, the Commission has supported Romani inclusion in annual initiatives for political leaders such as the Transatlantic Minority Political Leadership Conference (TMPLC) and Transatlantic Inclusion Leaders Network (TILN). On March 27-28, the Commission worked in cooperation with the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights to hold a workshop during "Roma Week" at the European Parliament in Brussels titled, "Strengthening diverse leadership, participation and representation of Roma, including women and youth, in public and political life." Roma Day Events in the United States Harvard will host its fifth Annual Roma conference on April 10, where Helsinki Commission staff will participate. Scholars of Romani culture and Roma who work as academics, activists, and performers will convene a conference at New York University April 28-29. Later in the spring, on May 6, the 20th Annual Herdeljezi Music Festival will be held in the San Francisco area at the Croatian American Cultural Center. In the Washington area, the Embassy of the Czech Republic supported a March 30 screening of the documentary about the prejudice faced by the FC Roma football club. On May 17, the Czech Embassy will support a concert at the national Gallery of Art by Romani-Czech pianist Tomas Kaco. Learn More International Roma Day: Statement by U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson Celebrating International Roma Day: Statement by USOSCE Acting Deputy Chief of Mission Michele Siders International Roma Day: Statement by OSCE/ODIHR Director Michael Link
Romani Political Participation Key to ChangeFriday, April 07, 2017
On March 27 and 28, 2017, thirty-five Romani elected officials and civil society representatives participated in a two-day event held by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) in cooperation with the U.S. Helsinki Commission, as part of the European Union's "Roma Week." The event focused on opportunities to enhance Romani political participation as a means of strengthening the long-term strength and stability of the OSCE region. As citizens of many OSCE participating States, Roma have long contributed to the prosperity of their countries in numerous ways, ranging from serving in the military to educating the next generation. However, Roma are often described and perceived in negative terms, leading political leaders and others, to consider Roma a problem rather than a solution. Referring to the political rhetoric that instigated the tragic murders of Roma in 2008 and 2009, Romani-Hungarian researcher and Transatlantic Inclusion Leaders Network alumni Roland Ferkovics stressed, "Political narratives should not only motivate and influence people but should also unite…Political leaders must take Roma as equal partner(s) using narratives [that] focus on similarities instead of differences." Diverse speakers from across the OSCE region also shared experiences and practices that have been successful in inspiring democratic change. "Standing for elected office and using one's right to vote is a powerful tool for Roma communities in Europe to counter anti-Roma rhetoric, hate crimes and racism," said Mee Moua, former President of Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAJC), who also served as a Minnesota State Senator in the United States. Noting the importance of united communities, Killion Munyama, a member of the Polish Parliament and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, noted the importance of Roma having a seat at the decision-making table: "Societies benefit from broad and diverse participation representing the voices of all communities in the public and political spheres." Participants also stressed the urgency in ensuring the success of current Romani legislative initiatives and the importance of ensuring that legislative initiatives aimed at Roma, such as the EU Framework Strategy for Integration, are designed and implemented with the participation of Roma at all levels of government. Other speakers at the event included MEP Terry Reintke, former MEP Livia Jaroka, and Jamen Gabriela Hrabanova of the European Roma Grassroots Organizations Network. Dr. Mischa Thompson of the Helsinki Commission participated as a facilitator.
press release
Chairman Wicker Welcomes Accession of Montenegro to NATOThursday, March 30, 2017
WASHINGTON–Following U.S. Senate approval of the accession of Montenegro to the NATO Alliance, Senator Roger Wicker (MS), Chairman of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, issued the following statement: "I am pleased by the Senate's decision to welcome Montenegro into NATO. At a time of unease in Europe, this small nation and its people are making important contributions to security and stability. By joining the Alliance, Montenegro also confirms the continued validity of the Helsinki Final Act, which affirms the right of countries to determine their own security arrangements and alliances. Allowing outside actors to call this principle into question would have severely undercut European security." Last week, NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe, U.S. Army Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti, said at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing that it is "absolutely critical" that Montenegro be brought into NATO. Chairman Wicker serves as a senior member of the committee and took part in the hearing. The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the U.S. Helsinki Commission, has supported human rights and democratic development in Montenegro since observing the first multi-party elections in the country in 1990. Further, the Commission has been deeply involved in policy debates over NATO, including conducting hearings on previous additions to the alliance.
press release
Wicker, Cardin Support Territorial Integrity of the Nation of GeorgiaThursday, March 30, 2017
WASHINGTON—Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker (MS) and Ranking Commissioner Senator Ben Cardin (MD) today introduced a Senate resolution supporting the territorial integrity of the nation of Georgia. "The Russian government has tried to undermine Georgian sovereignty and territorial integrity for far too long," said Chairman Wicker. "It is time for the United States to make it clear once again that we do not recognize Russian land grabs within its neighbors' borders. Russia should adhere to the cease-fire agreement it signed in 2008, withdraw its troops from Georgia, and allow international monitors and aid workers access to occupied regions." S.Res.106 condemns the ongoing military intervention and occupation of Georgia by the Russian Federation, as well as Russia's continuous illegal activities along the occupation line in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region (South Ossetia). The bill also urges Russia to live up to its commitments under the Helsinki Final Act, which calls upon signatories to respect the territorial integrity of each of the other participating States of the Organization of the Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). "Russia's violation of the territorial integrity of Georgia is a blatant breach of one of the guiding principles of the Helsinki Final Act by Russia. This reflects a broader pattern of disregard by Putin's regime for transatlantic security norms and democratic values, which the United States and our allies must stand against with resolve," said Commissioner Cardin, who is also Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. "Georgia is a strong partner of the United States and continues to take important steps to further integrate with the transatlantic community. Georgia recently concluded an agreement on visa free travel with the European Union, for example. This significant development shows that constructive interaction is possible and welcome." This resolution mirrors a similar measure introduced in the House (H.Res. 660) in September 2016, and demonstrates that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia enjoy bipartisan support from both chambers of Congress.
Consensus Denied? Challenges for OSCE Decision-Making in 2017Monday, March 27, 2017
Over the past decade, it has been increasingly difficult for the 57 participating States of the Vienna-based Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to achieve the consensus necessary to address key issues facing the OSCE region, as well as to make decisions that shape the internal functioning of the organization. In contrast to the bloc-to-bloc confrontations of the Cold War, there often is overwhelming support from most OSCE countries for specific decisions or actions. However, the Russian Federation regularly represents the single dissenting country; without consensus, under OSCE rules, the proposal fails. Some participating States have tried to accommodate Russian recalcitrance, believing it will give Moscow a greater stake in the OSCE; others see Moscow's obstructionism succeed and are tempted to play the same game. Such efforts only encourage greater intransigence and move the OSCE away from the core principles and values around which all participating States once rallied. Download the full report to learn more. Contributors: Robert Hand, Senior Policy Advisor, Janice Helwig, Representative of the Helsinki Commission to the U.S. Mission to the OSCE, and Erika Schlager, Counsel for International Law
press release
Chairman Wicker Questions SACEUR about Russian Activity, OSCEThursday, March 23, 2017
WASHINGTON – Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker (MS), a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, today questioned Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti, Commander, U.S. European Command / Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, about ongoing Russian activities in the European region. Chairman Wicker discussed the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe's (OSCE) mission monitors on the ground in Ukraine, as well as the organization's work to provide an accurate depiction of activities and compliance with international treaties. He also asked about Russian "snap" military exercises and whether or not those actions are in line with agreements currently in place. Gen. Scaparrotti stated that there is reason to be concerned about Russian activity trends in the Arctic and North Atlantic regions, as they are more aggressive and are expanding their posture in the area. He went on to recommend that the U.S. reestablish Cold War deterrence practices in the region.
Chairman Wicker Highlights Importance of OSCE Mission in Stabilizing EuropeTuesday, March 21, 2017
At a March 21 U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) hearing on "U.S. Policy and Strategy in Europe," Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Roger Wicker underlined his commitment to Ukraine's future and highlighted the importance of the mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). "The more Ukraine succeeds, the better off it is for us in the United States and the West, and I think it is one of the most profoundly important issues that we face in the next year or two," stated Senator Wicker, who also serves as a senior member of SASC. Praising the OSCE's monitoring mission in Ukraine as providing the "international community's eyes and ears in the conflict zone," Chairman Wicker underlined the challenges facing the consensus-based OSCE in addressing the increased aggression in Europe by Russia, one of its participating States. Citing the fundamental "Helsinki principles" on which the OSCE is based, Senator Wicker pressed a panel of experts for their views on the continued value of the OSCE. Ambassador William J. Burns, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State who also served as U.S. Ambassador to Russia, stated that despite the OSCE's limitations, the organization has continuing value. "It embodies some of the core values that we share with our European allies and partners in terms of sovereignty of states and the inviolability of borders—so that the big states don't just get to grab parts of smaller states, just because they can," he said. Burns further called for continued U.S. investment in the OSCE. Former NATO SACEUR General Philip M. Breedlove, USAF (Ret.), suggested that the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine was a particularly valuable expression of the OSCE's work, underlining that "…with some of the fake news that was created in the Donbass and other places as Russia invaded, even though OSCE was challenged … often, [the monitoring mission] was the source of the real news of what was actually going on on the ground." Ambassador Alexander R. Vershbow, former Deputy Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization who also served as U.S. Ambassador to Russia, stated that the OSCE remains valuable, despite the challenges inherent in Russian actions, "…because of the norms and values that it upholds – even though the Russians are violating a lot of those right now – it gives us a basis on which to challenge their misbehavior." Praising the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine as "very courageous," Vershbow underlined that while the OSCE faces serious limitations, "I don't see any alternative right now in trying to manage a conflict like in Eastern Ukraine."
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Azerbaijan
WASHINGTON - Today the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (U.S. Helsinki Commission) announced the following hearing:
The Security, Economic and Human Rights Dimensions of US-Azerbaijan Relations
Wednesday, June 11, 2014
10:00 am
Russell Senate Office Building
Room 432
The Republic of Azerbaijan has been an ally of the United States since its independence in 1991. It is a supplier of energy to Europe and has played an important role in assisting the U.S. and the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan through the contribution of troops and as a conduit for the Northern Distribution Network. Azerbaijan is a participating State in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and in May it assumed the rotating chairmanship of the Council of Europe (COE). Despite membership in both of Europe's leading human rights institutions, Azerbaijan has been consistently criticized for its undemocratic elections and its use of the judicial system to punish political opponents.
As the U.S. Helsinki Commission prepares to attend the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Annual Session in Baku at the end of June, this hearing will examine the U.S.-Azerbaijan relationship and the impact of regional and domestic issues in Azerbaijan on that relationship.
The following witnesses are scheduled to testify:
- Tom Melia, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Department of State
- Eric Rubin, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, Department of State
- Miriam Lanskoy, Director for Russia and Eurasia, National Endowment for Democracy
- Brenda Shaffer, Visiting Researcher, Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies, Georgetown University


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