text:
The Salem of Hawthorne
By Julian Hawthorne
Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine May, 1884, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 3-17
- Head of Salem harbor[51KB]
- The end of Derby Wharf[16KB]
- The deserted wharves of Salem[27KB]
- Room in which Hawthorne was born[20KB]
- Hawthorne's window in Custom House[22KB]
- Desk used by Surveyor Hawthorne[11KB]
- Stencil slate, now in Custom House[18KB]
- Herbert Stret house where "Twice-Told Tales" was written[9KB]
- Hawthorne's birthplace on Union Street[19KB]
- The town pump[13KB]
- Dr. Grimshawe's house, from Charter Street burying-ground [caption is in error, stating this Peabody house is where Hawthorne was married][56KB]
- Porch of Dr. Grimshawe's [Peabody] house[17KB]
- Derby Wharf from Hawthorne's Custom House window[35KB]
- Salem Custom House[50KB]
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE'S instinct for localities was not strongly developed; wherever he walked, in city or country (and he was very fond of walking), he constantly missed his way; This trait, or deficiency, is not without its reflection in his writings. It is of small importance to him what the topography of his story may be,--whether his house faces north or south, whether his street turns to the right or to the left. He is willing to let these and analogous matters take care of themselves; and herein he differs markedly from the great French novelist Balzac, who wrote by the map and the rule, and who always knew precisely the income of all his people, and from what investments it was derived. On the other hand, the American possessed, to quite as great a degree as the Frenchman, the perception of the picturesque; his light and shadow, his color and atmosphere, have never been surpassed. But he shunned rather than sought to make his outlines and directions correspond too closely with palpable reality. The intensity with which he could convey the feeling of a place, a character, or a situation, was almost in inverse ratio to its literal resemblance to any material prototype; he was essentially a romancer, and the world of his imagination was like the material world only as the mind of man is like his body: a spiritual world of types, elements, and harmonies, rather than a physical world of accidents, individuals, and technicalities. When I was lately visiting the scenes of his stories, I was impressed by nothing more than by the manner in which he had contrived to escape from the rigid flesh and blood of his scenes, and to make everything plastic and significant, while fully preserving and indeed intensifying the spirit and sentiment which the scenes embodied. The subtle, artistic balance and structure of his compositions would have been distorted by the intrusion of photographic facts. His characters and his scenery bore an organic relation to the theme or plot in which they appeared and acted. It has been surmised that what is technically termed construction was Hawthorne's weak point; and, in the Wilkie Collins sense of construction, this is true. But the author of "The Scarlet Letter" took a view of artistic proportion--the answering of part to part, the culmination and the catastrophe--indefinitely deeper than Mr. Collins's, because moral and spiritual. His episodes are of the mind and heart, not of the body; and on this plane the construction of his romances is as nearly perfect as, on another plane, is that of "Tom Jones" or "The Moonstone."
What has been said suggests the conclusion that there is comparatively little to be gained by the most conscientious consideration of the localities in which for lack of better, the characters of Hawthorne's stories are seen and developed. The true localities of the stories are in the characters themselves. who, secondarily, are reflected in their surroundings. In the case of Dickens it was quite otherwise; and that curious sort of entertainment which is found by many people--in the autographs, the birthplaces, the old hats and snuff-boxes, the inns and the graves of great or notorious personages, may receive a similar gratification in hunting out the houses and the streets of Dickens's fictitious society, and noticing how closely the fiction coincides with the reality. This pleasure has, I believe, already been tasted by the readers of this magazine; but they must not anticipate anything quite comparable to it in the present instance. What I have to report may augment their appreciation of Hawthorne's power of making bricks without straw, and even without clay upon occasion, but will do little to enhance his reputation as a Chinese copyist. Some people will not regard this as a defect; but there is some ground for believing that Hawthorne himself aimed rather to increase than to diminish the external verisimilitude of his pictures. It would otherwise be difficult to account for the existence of his journals and note-books, from which imagination is, as much as possible, excluded, and a constant effort is made to give an accurate and dispassionate record and representation of things as they are. The impression produced by the note-books is oddly different from that of the romances--a difference comparable in kind and degree to that between the voice in ordinary speech and in singing. The descriptions in the books are conscientious and laborious, and strike one, perhaps, as having been written coldly and somewhat against the grain--written not for their own sake, but as auxiliary to an ulterior purpose. It is often edifying to observe how a passage from these records has been transmuted from commonplace metal into fine gold on being incorporated with the living organism of the romance. The specific accuracy has become less, but the fidelity to essential truth has become greater. On the whole, however, the illusion of reality is doubtless greater in Hawthorne's later works than in the "Twice-told Tales" and the "Mosses from an Old Manse." The substance of the later works is wrought out of a wider experience and observation of actualities than is the case with the earlier ones. Yet the imagination has gained power proportionate to the increased observation and experience, and is as far as ever from being dominated by them. The work is richer and more minute, but it is just as truly creative as before; the fusion of the elements is no less complete. "The Marble Faun" is as thoroughly Hawthorne, to the outermost particle, as is "The Gray Champion" or "Feathertop." So that, after all, the result of the note-books was different from their apparent aim (as I have supposed it), and much better worth the pains bestowed on producing them. I doubt if my father ever realized how searchingly powerful his imagination was. He did not perceive the ardor of his own fire; the magic of his own atmosphere was hidden from him. He fancied he was telling his story in quite a plain and obvious way, and was rather amused at the depths and splendors which other people thought they saw in it. Of course I do not mean to imply that he did not know what he was about. The "Grimshawe" studies, lately published in this magazine, show that no one comprehended the methods and art of fiction better than he. He was never careless, and he had the unmitigable conscience of a Puritan. He was not of that order of genius that yields itself up to vague, hysteric deliriums of inspiration, and in that condition evolves something which as often turns out silly as sublime. When he was warmed to his work, he was more himself--more in command of every faculty he possessed--than at any other time. He never wrote a sentence that he did not himself thoroughly understand. He could criticise his own processes, aims, and results as justly as the most dispassionate reviewer. But there was one quality, one faculty in himself that he could never estimate or criticise--the most important quality or faculty of all. It was the quality that no one else ever possessed, the faculty that no one else ever exercised, the thing, whatever it was, that makes him Hawthorne. Some years ago one of our magazines published a story, a translation from the German, entitled "The Face in the Rock" (or something of that kind). It was a literary curiosity, for it was neither more nor less than Hawthorne's "Great Stone Face," which had been translated into German and afterward turned back into English by some one who had never heard of the original. Here was the story, sentence for sentence the same, and yet as different from it as is a cabbage from a rose. I have often wondered what my father would have thought of it; whether he would have perceived as distinctly as another person the immeasurable superiority imparted by touches too fine and subtle to be described--the touches which no one else could give, and which even he gave, as it were, unconsciously, because it was the natural expression of his temperament and organization. I may return to this matter another time, for it is full of suggestion; but for the present it is enough to observe that the faculty of self-appreciation (not altogether strange to our later writers) is not precisely the most valuable element of the literary organization, inasmuch as it stands in the way of that genial unconsciousness, of that freedom from the sense of being overlooked and criticised, which is indispensable to the production of original and harmonious work. Though Hawthorne was humility itself in his estimate of his own powers, yet when once he was under the influence of his muse, not all the criticism of ancient and modern times could have made him swerve by so much as a hair's breadth from the path along which she led him. When he was at work he was in a region by himself,--alone with his art,--into which the voices of the exterior world could never penetrate, nor its presence intrude. The work being done, however, and sent forth, the worker would return to a colder and more skeptical state, in which he took, as it were, the part of the world against himself, and led the attack. So little is known of the man that it has always been the custom to paint his portrait from the same palette which he himself used for his pictures. But it is important to remember that the man and the writer were, in Hawthorne's case, as different as a mountain from a cloud. It was not until after his death that I read any of his romances; he had always told me that they were not suited to my age and requirements; and I remember, as I read on, being constantly unable to comprehend how a man such as I knew my father to be could have written such books. He did not talk in that way; his moods had not seemed to be of that color. The books gave me an enlarged though not a more powerful impression of him. He was a very strong man, in every application of the word. I have seen him in company with many of the great men of his time, and I was always made to feel that his was the loftier and dominant spirit--that he was to other men what Augustus Caesar is said to have been to Marc Antony. It is true that I was but a child; but I apprehend that the perceptions of a child in such matters, being mainly intuitive, are at least as apt to be just as those of mature persons. At all events, subsequent meditation and experience have served rather to augment than to lessen my estimate of his personal power and weight. As regards the books, it is difficult to state exactly the relation they bore to the general manifestation of his character; perhaps it might be said that they resulted from the immediate action of his spirit, in a spiritual plane; whereas in other matters it acted through his material part, in the physical plane. But there is more vanity than profit in such distinctions, and the topic is, moreover, not essential to the present inquiry, indefinite and vagabond though that be.
HAWTHORNE was born in Salem; it was mostly the scene of such of his earlier tales as pretend to any definite location at all; the "House of the Seven Gables" was erected there; and finally, at the close of his literary career, he returned to Salem to find the scene of "Doctor Grimshawe's Secret." Salem, consequently, might reasonably be presumed to be a singularly picturesque and interesting old town. In the matter of age, no doubt, it can court comparison with any settlement in New England; the place bore the name of Salem as long ago as 1629, after having been called Bastable in 1614, and Naum-Keag by the aboriginal Indians. Concerning this latter appellation, Cotton Mather, with that fondness for the miraculous which characterized his epoch, writes as follows in his "Magnalia"
"Of which place I have somewhere met with an odd observation, that the name of it is rather Hebrew than Indian for Nahum signifies comfort, and Keik signifies an haven; and our English not only found it an haven of comfort, but happened also to put an Hebrew name upon it; for they called it Salem, for the peace which they had hoped in it."
That "odd observation" was probably met with in a publication called "The Planter's Plea," printed in London in 1630, in which it is written:
"It fals out, that the name of the place, which one late colony hath chosen for their seat, prooves to bee perfect Hebrew, being called Nahum Keike; by interpretation, the bosom of consolation; which it were pitty that those which observed it not, should change into the name of Salem, though upon a fair ground, in remembrance of a peace setled upon a conference at a generall meeting betweene them and their neighbors, after expectance of some dangerous jarre."
This fanciful etymology, though never formally recognized or adopted by the body corporate of the citizens, is informally and sentimentally used by them to this day. I remember that my maternal grandmother, at the time she was living in Boston, used affectionately to speak of her native Salem by the title of "Old Naum-Keag."
Hawthorne himself, in his "Main Street," an article printed in the "Snow-Image" volume, has given the best antiquarian picture of the growth of his native town that is likely to be met with anywhere. He begins at the period when the site of the Main street (now called Essex street) was a tract of forest land, over which the dusty pavement of the thoroughfare was hereafter to extend. This tract, about a mile and a half in length by half a mile in breadth, and bounded on three sides by water, is hardly definable nowadays. Two hundred and seventy years ago, however, along through the vista of impending boughs, might have been seen a faintly-traced path, running nearly east and west, "as if a prophecy or foreboding of the future street had stolen into the heart of the solemn old wood." The great Squaw Sachem and the red Chief Wappacowet pass on beneath the tangled shade, imagining, doubtless, that their own system of affairs will endure forever; the squirrel rustles in the trees, the deer leaps in his covert; we catch the cruel and stealthy eye of a wolf, as he draws back into yonder imperious density of underbrush; a momentary streak of sunlight finds its way down through the gloom of the broad wilderness and glimmers among the feathers of the Indian's dusky hair. Can it be that the thronged street of a city will ever pass into this twilight solitude? Casting our eyes again over the scene, we behold a stalwart figure, clad in a leathern jerkin and breeches of the same, striding sturdily onward with his gun over his shoulder, bringing home the choice portions of a deer. This is Roger Conant, the first settler of Naum-Keag, "a man of thoughtful strength." There stands his habitation, "showing in its rough architecture some features of the Indian wigwam, and some of the log-cabin, and somewhat, too, of the straw-thatched cottage in Old England, where this good yeoman had his birth and breeding." A few years more, and "the forest track trodden more and more by the hob-nailed shoes of these sturdy and ponderous Englishmen, has now a distinctness which it never would have acquired from the light tread of hundred times as many Indian moccasins. It will be a street anon. It goes onward from one clearing to another, here plunging into a shadowy strip of woods, there open to the sunshine, but everywhere showing a decided line, along which human interests have begun to note their career. Over yonder swampy spot two trees have been felled, and laid side by side to make a causeway." This "swampy spot," by the bye, was at or about the junction of the present Essex and Washington streets, and the track of the Eastern Railway runs through it. In the course of time, John Endicott, the first governor of the new settlement, enters upon the scene. "Two venerable trees unite their branches high above his head, thus forming a triumphal arch of living verdure, beneath which he pauses, with his wife leaning on his arm, to catch the first impression of their new-found home."
In a copy of Felt's "Annals of Salem" which belonged to my father, I have seen a lithographed portrait of this famous Puritan, with a facsimile of his signature--"Jo: Endecott" underneath. He wears a black skull-cap; his head and face are round and full; the hair that curls down on either side his visage is white, and so are his mustache and pointed beard. His expression is grave and resolute, but serene and kindly; scarcely the man, in appearance, to cut the Red Cross out of the banner of England, as is described in the sketch called "Endicott and the Red Cross." He is there described as "a man of stern and resolute countenance, the effect of which was heightened by a grizzled beard that swept the upper portion of his breast-plate." When in anger, "a wrathful change came over his manly countenance. The blood glowed through it till it seemed to be kindled with an internal heat; nor was it unnatural to suppose that his breast-plate would likewise become red with the angry fire of the bosom which it covered." He brandished his sword, "thrust it through the cloth, and, with his left hand, rent the Red Cross completely out of the banner. He then waved the tattered ensign above his head. . . . With a cry of triumph, the people gave their sanction to one of the boldest exploits which our history records. And forever honored be the name of Endicott! We look back through the mist of ages, and recognize, in the rending of the Red Cross from New England's banner, the first omen of that deliverance which our fathers consummated, after the bones of the stern Puritan had lain more than a century in the dust." This sketch, which is scarcely more than half a dozen pages in length, is one of Hawthorne's earlier pieces; but it is full of fire and eloquence. Let us, however, return to the main street.
Six or seven years after Roger Conant's appearance, "the street had lost the aromatic odor of the pine-trees, and of the sweet-fern that grew beneath them. Gardens are fenced in, and display pumpkin-beds and rows of cabbages and beans. No wolf, for a year past, has been heard to bark, or known to range among the dwellings, except that single one, whose grizzly head, with a plash of blood beneath it, is now affixed to the portal of the meeting-house." " Still later, the forest track has been converted into a dusty thoroughfare, which, being intersected with lanes and cross-paths, may fairly be designated as Main street. Houses of quaint architecture have now risen; most of, them have one huge chimney in the center, with flues so vast that it must have been easy for the witches to fly out of them. Around this great chimney the wooden house clusters itself, in a whole community of gable-ends, each ascending into its own separate peak; the second story, with its lattice windows, projecting over the first; and the door, which is perhaps arched, provided on the outside with an iron hammer, wherewith the visitor's hand may give a thundering rat-a-tat. . . . On the upper corner of that green lane, which shall hereafter be called North street, we see the Curwen House, newly built, with the carpenters still at work on the roof, nailing down the last sheaf of shingles. On the lower corner stands another dwelling,--destined, at some period of its existence, to be the abode of an unsuccessful alchemist,--which shall likewise survive to our generation."
There is a picture of the old Curwen House in Felt's "Annals," and it seems to have at least seven gables. It has gone through many transformations since its first erection in 1642, but the edifice, which is still to be seen on the corner of North and Essex streets, a few rods west of the railway station, is said to be substantially the same building. At the time of the persecution of the witches, several examinations of those unhappy persons were held in one of its apartments. The inquiry has often been made: which of the old Salem houses was the prototype of the "House of the Seven Gables"? and the Curwen House, among several others, has been pointed out as the one. Intelligent inquirers of this kind will probably be disappointed to learn that the old Pynchon House had no prototype at all. It is itself a type of the kind of houses that were built in the latter half of the seventeenth century. "These edifices," says Hawthorne himself, "were built in one generally accordant style, though with such subordinate variety as keeps the beholder's curiosity excited, and causes each structure, like its owner's character, to produce its own peculiar impression." In the preface to the romance he "trusts not to be considered as unpardonably offending, by laying out a street that infringes upon nobody's private rights, and appropriating a lot of land which had no visible owner, and building a house of materials long used for constructing castles in the air."
No one with any understanding of the nature of Hawthorne's genius could believe it even possible for him to import into his stories true literal portraits, either of houses or persons; but he frequently alluded, with a certain arch lifting of the right eyebrow that was characteristic of him when amused, to the perverse determination of his friends and correspondents to believe that Zenobia, for example, was suggested by Margaret Fuller; that he himself was Miles Coverdale; that the Pynchon House existed in wood and plaster; or that Judge Pynchon was an enemy whom he had pilloried under that fictitious name. There is not a syllable of truth in any one of these surmises; but this is something which people devoid (as most of us are) of imagination can never be persuaded to credit or comprehend.
We have now arrived, in our review of the history of Main street, at the epoch of the persecutions of the Quakers, and here Hawthorne takes occasion to insert a passage of his own ancestral annals. "There a woman--it is Ann Coleman,--naked from the waist upward, and bound to the tail of a cart, is dragged through the main street at the pace of a brisk walk, while the constable follows with a whip of knotted cords. He loves his business, faithful officer that he is, and puts his soul into every stroke, zealous to fulfill the injunction of Major Hawthorne's warrant, in the spirit and to the letter. There came down a stroke that has drawn blood! and with thirty such stripes of blood upon her is she to be driven into the forest. The crimson trail goes wavering along the main street; but Heaven grant that, as the rain of so many years has wept upon it time after time, and washed it all away, so there may have been a dew of mercy to cleanse this cruel blood-stain out of the record of the persecutor's life!" This Major Hawthorne, or Hathorne, as the name was then spelt, was the first American emigrant of our family. It is very characteristic of his descendant to have made this prayer of vicarious penitence for his forefathers' sin. Their blood and temperament were strong in him; he felt the burden of their misdeeds almost as his own; and I have often heard him speak, half fancifully and half in earnest, of the curse invoked by one of the witches upon Colonel John Hawthorne and all his posterity, and of the strange manner in which it had taken effect.
Following the Quakers come the witches. The witches always had a special interest or fascination for my father, as might be inferred from the character and tone of the allusions to them in his published writings. But it is perhaps not generally known that he wrote a number of tales having witches for their subject-matter, that were said by the one or two persons who saw them to be more powerful, as conceptions of weird and fantastic horror, than anything in the printed volumes of short stories. But these tales never emerged from the manuscript state, and were finally burned by their author, because, as my mother told me he had explained to her, he felt that they were not true. That is, I suppose, they embodied no moral truth; they were mere imaginative narratives, founded on history and tradition, and had not the spiritual balance and proportion of what Hawthorne would deem a work of art. But I cannot help regretting that the manuscripts were not accidentally preserved. His touch acquires a deeper vividness wherever witches come in his way "While we supposed the old man to be reading the Bible to his old wife,--she meanwhile knitting in the chimney-corner.--the pair of hoary reprobates have whisked up the chimney, both on one broomstick and flown away to a witch-communion, far into the depths of the chill, dark forest. How foolish! were it only for fear of rheumatic pains in their old bones, they had better have stayed at home. But away they went; and the laughter of their decayed, cackling voices has been heard at midnight, aloft in the air. Now, in the sunny noontide, as they go tottering to the gallows, it is the devil's turn to laugh."
Next to the witches, the stern, gloomy, self-confident, and sometimes bloodthirsty Puritan character had the strongest attraction for him. "These scenes, you think," he says "are all too somber. So, indeed, they are; but the blame must rest on the somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with hardly a single thread of rose-color or gold,--and not on me, who have a tropic love of sunshine, and would gladly gild all the world with it, if I knew where to find so much. That you may believe me," he continues, "I will exhibit one of the only class of scenes in which our ancestors were wont to steep their tough old hearts in wine and strong drink, and indulge in an outbreak of frisky jollity." And he introduces us to a funeral procession! "Even so; but look back through all the social customs of New England, in the first century of her existence, and read all her traits of character; and if you find one occasion, other than a funeral feast, where jollity was sanctioned by universal practice, I will set fire to my puppet-show without another word." In forming an estimate of Hawthorne, such passages as these must not be left out of account. The tropic love of sunshine belonged to him individually, but the somber web of Puritan life belonged to him likewise, by virtue of his descent; and from their marriage in his character was born that half-sportive, half-melancholy humor that glimmers along his pages, like the tender light of moming upon the stern surface of New England granite.
The history of Main street is followed only as far as the great snow of 1717, and we have a parting glimpse of "Goodman Massey taking his last walk,--often pausing,--often leaning over his staff--and calling to mind whose dwelling stood at such and such a spot, and whose field or garden occupied the site of these more recent houses. He can render a reason for all the bends and deviations of the thoroughfare, which, in its flexible and plastic infancy, was made to swerve aside from a straight line in order to visit every settler's door. The main street is still youthful; the coëval man is in his latest age. Soon he will be gone, a patriarch of four-score; yet shall retain a sort of infantile life, in our local history, as the first town-born child."
Salem has probably changed as slowly and as little as any town in New England; and yet, when I visited it last winter, it no longer hinted of that New England which "must have been a dismal abode for the man of pleasure, since the only boon-companion was Death." The main street is now quite a lively and progressive-looking thoroughfare, lined with handsome, albeit unpretentious brick and stone buildings, and with a horse-car track lying complacently along its length, above the forgotten footsteps of Squaw Sachem and the red Chief Wappacowet, and the crimson trail of Ann Coleman. There are town-halls and music-halls, and advertisements of the last new dramatic and operatic celebrities. There were inviting shops, full of Christmas goods and finery, and numbers of young ladies and gentlemen, in quite un-Puritanical garb, tripping gayly along the sidewalks, and not at all afraid of bewitching one another. Elderly persons there were, also, with gray hair and wrinkled faces, and some of them looking unmirthful enough too, but not with the sturdy religious solemnity of their forefathers. The inhabitants of Salem, however, are much more a race apart--their features and demeanor belong much more to a special and recognizable type--than is the case in the neighboring city of Boston, for instance. A few faces I saw that, so far as their physical conformation was concerned, only needed the Puritan doublet and skull-cap to answer very well for the contemporaries of Winthrop and Roger Williams; and I remember a policeman, with a white pointed beard, a conical helmet, and a dark cloak, who might almost have walked out of the seventeenth century just as he was. But, upon the whole, had Salem not been my home in infancy, were I not tolerably familiar with its history and associations, and bound to it by ties of kindred, I doubt whether I should find in it anything more than a rather dull and monotonous town, in which one might live without living, and die almost without being aware of it. With the exception of the houses in Essex street, and a few structures of a public or commercial character scattered here and there, Salem seems principally composed of wooden clapboarded houses, of rather old-fashioned build, with hip roofs, and painted a sober drab or buff color. The larger number of these edifices must date back at least as far as the beginning of this century, and many doubtless much further. The more ancient portion of the town lies eastward from the railway station and southward from Essex street. Parallel with Essex street, and next to it, runs Charter street, on which is the old grave-yard mentioned in "The Dolliver Romance" and in "Doctor Grimshawe." Parallel with this again, and skirting the wharfs, extends Derby street, named after old King Derby, mentioned in "The Custom House," introductory to "The Scarlet Letter"; its eastern extremity is at the Custom House, its western merges at right angles with Centre street, and in the vicinity stands the Town Pump. Numerous cross streets go from Essex street toward two wharfs. One of these is called Union street, neat, quiet, and narrow, though with a sidewalk on each side. On the western side, within a hundred yards of the corner, stands the house in which Nathaniel Hawthorne was born. It is a plain clapboarded structure of small size, with a three-cornered root, and a single large chimney in the midst. The front is flush with the sidewalk, and the high stone door-steps jut forth beyond. It has evidently been repaired, and now presents a very well-kept appearance; some additions have perhaps been built on in the rear, but it remains substantially unchanged,--an eight-roomed house, with an attic in the gable, painted a quiet drab hue, with pale-green shutters to the windows. A little yard or garden, about equal in area to the house, adjoins it on the north. There is, I am happy to say, no inscription above the door or elsewhere to arrest the curious attention of the passer-by. This spot was the birthplace of a genius, but the genius itself never had its abiding-place here. It belongs to a world in which there are no places, and no time, but only love and knowledge.
Westward from Union street lies Herbert street; and the house in which Hawthorne lived with his widowed mother and sisters after his return from Bowdoin College stands here, the back yards of the two dwellings communicating. In the old time, Union and Herbert streets seem to have been practically one thoroughfare; for it was in the Herbert street house that the words, "In this dismal chamber FAME was won.--Salem, Union street," were written. The house is of more irregular form than the other, and has probably been subjected to greater alterations. The room in which Hawthorne wrote the "Twice-told Tales" is in the upper story or attic. The place was doubtless quiet enough in those days; but now there are a school and a church or chapel on the opposite side of the street. It was "recess " as I passed by, and forty or fifty boys were creating such a hubbub in the school-yard as would have destroyed the most genial inspiration. But it seems a marvel that such stories should have been written here, under conditions however favorable. They have, indeed, "the pale tint of flowers that have blossomed in too retired a shade"; but how, in such a shade, did they come to blossom at all? The mind, one would think, must have some external stimulus--some sympathy and enjoyment in surrounding objects--in order to become creative; but for Hawthorne there was nothing but the night and the day, the sunshine and the rain, the changes of the seasons, the leaves of the forest and the waves of the sea,--the simple features and processes of nature, in short,--to quicken and nourish his imagination. The human life around him was as nearly colorless as it could be. But there appears to be much the same sort of difference between some men and others that exists between a sun and its satellites. The former shines in itself, by its own resources; the latter are bright only by derivation. Hawthorne evolved his exquisite creations in a social desert, and the physical unresponsiveness and barrenness of his surroundings only served to render what he produced more pure and permanent. There is hardly any attempt at color in them; their beauty is in their form. The enjoyment inspired by form is perhaps loftier and less subject to change, albeit also less intense, than the delight of color, which is mainly dependent on temperament and emotion; but be that as it may, it is well for the artist,--whether he work with pen or pencil, profoundly to verse himself in the intellectual laws of form before venturing to admit the passionate license of color. The genius of Hawthorne seems to have been providentially protected and trained, so that it might attain its full growth and strength in an orderly manner, without haste or eccentricity. Those lonely years in Salem were wearisome, no doubt, and often somber; but they wrought a strength and a self-poise in the solitary writer which all the splendor and phantasmagory of the world afterward could enrich and sweeten, but not mislead. In one way or another, all men who are destined to enter deeply into the mysteries of human life are led through a probationary period of solitude and fasting. They must explore the lonely and appalling recesses of the world within themselves before they are admitted to the world without.
Hawthorne, during those ten years, breathed and walked in the Salem of his day, but lived in the Salem of one and two centuries before. There he found a largeness of material, a ruggedness of light and shade, and an atmosphere that played into the hands, so to speak, of his native imagination. The historical scenes that he draws, as in "The Gray Champion," or the "Legends of the Province House," though they are as vivid and broad and full of movement as a picture by Meissonier, manifestly owe their charm and effect not to any realism or literalness of detail, but purely to the imaginative power of the writer. The real scene did not look like this, but this is the essence and purport of the real scene. It has the beauty and it gives the delight of a work of fine art: all the disproportionate elements, the obtrusive accidents, the insignificancies of matter-of-fact, are refined away. And the bulk of the tales belonging to this period have scarcely any foothold upon earth at all. They are not lyrical,--the record of moods; but they are the moral speculations, or rather conclusions, of a mind singularly penetrating, just, and mature,--of a mind so healthy and well-balanced that its lack of practical experience enhanced instead of diminishing its faculty of dispassionate analysis.
"In youth," Hawthorne remarks, "men are apt to write more wisely than they really know or feel; and the remainder of life may not be idly spent in realizing and convincing themselves of the wisdom which they uttered long ago." The experience of age should be interpreted by the intuitions of youth; and this is broadly the gist of Hawthorne's literary history, as traced in his literary achievements. The truth which he divined in his youth was the touchstone of his later knowledge, and gave unity to his career.
From Herbert street it is but a few steps to the Custom House, in the upper apartments of which was made the momentous discovery of Mr. Surveyor Pue's literary remains, and of the original scarlet letter, the history whereof has become more or less familiar to the educated fraction of Christendom. The building is doubtless essentially the same as it was forty years ago. Here is still the spacious edifice of brick, with the banner of the Republic--the thirteen stripes turned vertically instead of horizontally, and thus indicating that a civil and not a military sort of Uncle Sam's government is here established--floating or drooping, in breeze. or calm, from the loftiest point of its roof. Over the entrance, moreover, still hovers the enormous specimen of the American eagle, with the thunderbolts and arrows in each claw; she is heavily gilded, and appears to be in a remarkably good state of preservation. Here too is the flight of wide granite steps descending toward the street; and the portico of half a dozen wooden pillars, supporting a balcony. The entrance door was closed at the time of my visit, and the neighborhood quite as deserted as it ever could have been in Hawthorne's day. As for the row of venerable figures, sitting in old-fashioned chairs, tipped on their hind legs back against the wall, I made no effort to discover them; nor did I attempt to explore a certain room or office, about fifteen feet square, and of a lofty height, decorated with cobwebs and dingy paint, and its floor strewn with gray sand. The room was doubtless there, but in these days of progress and Morris wall-papers, its interior might have been painfully unrecognizable. In truth, I forbore to enter the Custom House at all. A more forlorn, defunct, vacant-looking place I never beheld; and yet it is the scene of one of the most charmingly humorous and picturesque pieces of autobiographical writing in our language. The alchemy of genius never attempted to transmute baser metal than this into gold, or succeeded better. "The Custom House" is a fitting introduction to "The Scarlet Letter." The original depravity of matter in the former, and of the spirit in the latter, are respectively exalted by the magic of imagination into fascination and tragic beauty.
The rambling length of Derby street lay before me, and I traversed its lonely, mean, and uneventful extent as far as its junction with Central street. There is more liveliness here; the houses that surround the little square are less like dwellings of the dead, and the atmosphere is not so much that of a drab-colored Puritan Sunday as in other parts of the town. Here, as aforesaid, is the present town pump; but the original town pump, as appears by the stage direction at the beginning of that famous little monologue, stood at the corner of Essex and Washington streets. In Felt's "Annals" there is a wood engraving of the latter splendid thoroughfare, resembling the streets which children were wont to construct with the German toy houses that came packed in oval wooden boxes: a remarkable coach, foreshortened, with two trunks behind and a horse three or four yards in front, occupies the central foreground; the windows of the houses are five feet in height by eighteen inches in width, and are all furnished with black shutters, closed; eight or nine ladies, gentlemen, and children, in the poke bonnets and high-collared coats of the year 1839, are solemnly posed at different points along either sidewalk. Across the lower middle distance runs Essex street, indicated by two parallel lines; and on the corner at the spectator's right stands the town pump, with two symmetrical handles, and a large trough. "Little was it expected," writes the worthy Mr. Felt, "when this fountain was opened and fitted for use, that locomotives, like some monstrous leviathan, would sweep over the bed of its waters, and pour out fire and smoke, instead of the element designed to subdue them. . . . A cistern was ordered near the first church, in lieu of 'the old town pump,' which Mr. Hawthorne, one of our city's gifted sons, has given a prominent place among his eloquent and impressive tales." The fact was, that the Eastern Railway ran a tunnel underneath Washington street, and the fountains of the great pump were thus dried up, or at any rate diverted.
From Central street I took my way back along Charter street, and soon came to an open space on the right, some three acres in extent, filled with grave-stones, and known as the Charter street burying-ground. On one corner of the inclosure, fronting the street, but partly infringing on the grave-yard, stands an old house which was once occupied by Doctor Peabody, the father of Mrs. Hawthorne; but which, in the world of romance, was the abode of Doctor Grimshawe and the two mysterious children, Elsie and Ned, and possibly, also, of good old Grandsir Dolliver and little Pansie. The description given in "Grimshawe" is tolerably exact,--quite as nearly so as might he expected of a place which one had not seen for eight or ten years, and which needed a certain picturesque glamour to make it harmonize with the story. "Doctor Grimshawe's residence," we are told, "cornered on a grave-yard, with which the house communicated by a back door. . . . It did not appear to be an ancient structure, nor one that would ever have been the abode of a very wealthy or prominent family--a three-story wooden house, perhaps a century old, low-studded, with a square front, standing right upon the street; and a small inclosed porch, containing the main entrance, affording a glimpse up and down the street through an oval window on each side. Its characteristic was decent respectability, not sinking below the boundary of the genteel. . . . A sufficient number of rooms and chambers, low, ill-lighted, ugly, but not unsusceptible of warmth and comfort, the sunniest and cheerfulest of which were on the side that looked into the graveyard." All that applies well enough to the present Charter street house. It is of a whitish hue, irregular in plan, and about as commonplace as an old wooden house can well be. It seems, moreover, to have sunk somewhat below that genteel level which it held to in the doctor's day. It looks as if it might be unclean inside, though by no means with the appalling and portentous griminess that characterizes it in the Romance; and I doubt if there be a spider as big as a nickel in the whole building. Dreary the entire spot undeniably is, especially under such conditions as those in which I beheld it,--a cold, gray sky, a harsh, inclement breeze, and a dull whiteness of snow underfoot. The snow, however, did not prevent an examination of the grave-stones, for these were all upright; there were no horizontal ones, such as that which marked the resting-place of him of the Bloody Footstep. I suspect, moreover, that were the sexton to tell all he knows, it would transpire that some of these head-stones are not the bona fide original slabs that were erected at the dates engraved upon them. They are reproductions, more or less accurate; some archaeologist, desirous of preserving the historic records of the town, has perhaps resorted to this somewhat questionable mode of achieving his purpose. Most of the slabs are thin parallelograms of slate, the inscriptions being as fresh as if cut last week. The words, in order to carry out the illusion, are sometimes spelt in the old fashion, and the device of a death's head, or a cherub, is roughly traced on the top of the stone. One of the first graves I came upon was that of Doctor John Swinnerton, the famous quack physician, and predecessor of Grandsir Dolliver,--the man who concocted the drink of immortality, which was to have restored that venerable personage to the vigor and elasticity of his long-vanished youth. Doctor Swinnerton expired, according to this record, in the year 1690. Undoubtedly, he was a real person. In Felt's "Annals " it is stated that "a Brinsley Accidence, with the name of John Swinnerton, supposed to be the physician, of Salem, written in it in 1652, came into the possession of Rev. Dr. Bentley, who left it to William B. Fowle, Esq., of Boston." And in the chapter about the Salem schools, it appears that on the twenty-fifth of March, 1716, "John Swinnerton began to keep the English school by the town house, at the usual compensation,"--a son, evidently, of the mystic doctor, and, so far as records go, the last of his tribe. The schoolteacher's salary, in those days, seems to have been about twenty-five dollars a year.
This use of a real Salem name, by the bye, constantly occurs in Hawthorne's writings. In my strolling about the town, I recognized several over the shop-windows; and others appear in the index of Felt's "Annals." Thus Ethan Brand, Mr. Bullfinch, Clifford, Dixey, Goldthwaite, Gookin, Holgrave, Hollingsworth, Jeffrey, Maule, Pinchion or Pynchon, and others, were all, at one time or another, residents of Salem. But Doctor John Swinnerton seems to have been, for some reason, a favorite personage with my father; mention of him occurs not only in "The Dolliver Romance," but also in "Grimshawe," in the introductory chapter to "The House of the Seven Gables," and, I think, in one or two of the shorter pieces. It is all of a piece with his predominating love of veracity, which, as he more than once intimates, is by no means inconsistent with the pursuit of fiction. The novel, he says, "is presumed to aim at a very minute fidelity, not merely to the possible, but to the probable and ordinary, course of man's experience." The romance, "while, as a work of art, it must rigidly subject itself to laws, and while it sins unpardonably so far as it may swerve aside from the truth of the human heart, has fairly a right to present that truth under circumstances, to a great extent, of the writer's own choosing or creation. . . . He will be wise, no doubt, to make a very moderate use of the privileges here stated and, especially, to mingle the marvelous rather as a slight, delicate, and evanescent flavor, than as a portion of the actual substance of the dish offered to the public." In another place he says that "he designed the story and the characters to bear, of course, a certain relation to human nature and human life, but still to be so artfully and airily removed from our mundane sphere, that some laws and proprieties of their own should be implicitly and insensibly acknowledged." Miss E. P. Peabody, in a letter referring to the "Twice-told Tales," writes : "Nathaniel Hawthorne made a discovery, which was that we might be taken out of the prose of life into the region of the 'perfect good and fair,'-- and into the mysteries of the Inferno as well, --without transcending the common boundaries of daily life. He did not waste his imagination in making circumstances; he was deficient in invention; but all his imagination was employed in discovering what depths of passion, what agonies of conscience, what exquisite emotions underlie our nature, and witness to the ever present God. He left the vulgar ground invented by human will, and kept himself in that spiritual region where imagination is native and at home. He would take the most ordinary and probable circumstances imaginable, or an historical fact perhaps, and lift the veil and show and explain the play of eternal laws that made the facts and personages what they were." Some novelists, when in search of fresh and unhackneyed material, make journeys to foreign lands, or to out-of-the-way corners of their own. Hawthorne's journeys were always inward, beneath the surface of things; but, like Jason in his passage through the labyrinth of Crete, he found it well to hold in his hand the silken clew or cord which connected him with the daylight world without, and enabled him to shape his course aright, and not lose himself in vague wanderings and speculations. To bestow the names of actual persons upon his imaginary creations was perhaps one of the means that he adopted to this end,--one of his reminders to himself to keep, as he expresses it, "undeviatingly within his immunities."
The Matthew Maule of the "Seven Gables" has perhaps (and perhaps, not) a partial prototype in a certain Thomas Maule mentioned in the historic annals of Salem. This Thomas was a Quaker, and in 1669 Samuel Robinson and Samuel Shalocke were fined twenty shillings apiece for "entertayninge of him." Maule was warned to depart, but "he persevered, then and subsequently, in retaining his abode here." In 1714, "among claims for common land, Thomas Maule presented one for a place where his two shops were burnt; and in 1724 an order was issued for John Maule to pay eight pounds which his father left as a bequest to the town, three pounds of which were specified for the writing-school." Evidently Thomas Maule's fate was not so tragic as that of the fictitious Matthew; but he seems to have had a touch of the latter's obstinacy. The curse which Matthew is described as having launched against his enemy, the Puritan Colonel Pyncheon, "God will give him blood to drink!" is, however, historical, so far as the words go; but they were uttered by a woman, under circumstances mentioned, I think, in the note-books. Indeed, I am not sure that my own ancestor, Colonel John Hathorne, did not represent the Colonel Pyncheon of the occasion.
In the note-books, under date of 1838, allusion is made to the grave of this "Colonel John Hathorne, Esq.," and the head-stone is described as being sunk deep into the earth and leaning forward, with the grass growing very long around it; "and on account of the moss it was rather difficult to make out the date." But the stone, as I saw it fifty-four years later, was as upright as if it had been put in place yesterday, and the inscription was quite clear of moss and perfectly legible. The hand of the renovator must have been at work, but it has performed its office with unusual forbearance and discretion. The passage above quoted from goes on to say: "It gives strange ideas to think how convenient to Dr. Peabody's residence the burial-ground is--the monuments standing almost within reach of the side-windows of the parlor, and there being a little gate from the back yard through which we step forth upon those old graves aforesaid." So we read in "Doctor Grimshawe" how the grave-yard communicated with the house by a back door, "so that with a hop, skip, and jump from the threshold, across a flat tombstone, the two children were in the habit of using the dismal cemetery as their play-ground." A couple of old apple-trees are spoken of; but these have disappeared, and the ground is planted with a few young elms. The south side of the inclosure is occupied by a line of low out-houses.
I might have prolonged indefinitely my desultory rambles about Salem, or this description of them; but, as the reader will long ago have perceived, there is really little or nothing. to be said very pertinent to the matter ostensibly in hand. To repeat what I began with saying, material objects and associations are but the portals through which entrance is made into the region peopled and enriched by Hawthorne's genius. There is a certain pleasure--to the writer if not to the reader--in putting one's self; so far as may be practicable, in Hawthorne's physical stand-point, and thus testing, as it were, by practical experiment, the penetration of his insight and the creativeness of his imagination. But it is impossible, for me at least, as the foregoing pages abundantly testify, to adhere to the letter of my undertaking in this article, or to avoid taking up and discussing side-issues, and indulging in unpremeditated speculations. Hawthorne existed in Salem, but he lived, to all vital intents and purposes, somewhere else, whither no railway can convey the investigator, and whereof no guide-book hitherto published contains any information. In the paper still to come, I shall follow his foot-steps through Concord, Boston, and Brook Farm.
Julian Hawthorne.


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Scandal's Tony Goldwyn to Play Warren Jeffs in Lifetime Movie
About the fundamentalist Mormon cult leader.
Does Lifetime know their audience or what? Scandal's Tony Goldwyn has been cast as Mormon polygamist sect leader Warren Jeffs in the upcoming Lifetime movie Outlaw Prophet based on the Stephen Singular book When Men Become Gods, so we're going to go with a definitive yes on this one. From President Fitz to the self-proclaimed prophet of the Fundamentalist Latter Day Saints, Tony Goldwyn sure is cornering the market on characters you want to see Olivia Pope slap across the face.

subset: commoncrawl


text: At Bhindi Jewellers crafting beautiful jewelry is only the beginning. Just as important is the creation of beautiful showrooms that house the intricate jewelry designs. The company has been bestowed awards in recognition of its insightful architectural plans. Bhindi's Atlanta showroom was recently renovated to accommodate and better exhibit their exclusive collections. Currently our Los Angeles showroom is spread over 7,000 sq feet, Atlanta showroom boasts 7,000 sq feet of retail space, and our San Francisco showroom stands at 5,000 sq feet.


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Regional cinema finds India niche
Local films growing in Bollywood-dominated marketMUMBAI -- Bollywood may be the buzz word for the Indian film industry but bolder themes and corporate funding are signaling a rebirth for regional cinema in the country.
The Mumbai film industry, home to Bollywood, had been the face of commercial Indian cinema for several decades, relegating non-Hindi films to the sidelines.
Not any more.
Films made in Marathi, Punjabi and Bengali languages are increasingly wooing mainstream audiences, aided by funding from corporate studios rushing to cash in on untapped markets.
"Yes, budgets have gone up, and so has the way that our films are marketed and promoted, because a corporate studio has that much more power, which in turn brings in more audiences," said Mahesh Manjrekar, a former Bollywood filmmaker who now directs Marathi films.
Manjrekar's latest film, about the plight of mill workers in Mumbai, was made at a budget of 60 million rupees, unheard of for a regional film and opened in cinemas last week.
"I think regional cinema now has the money, and it also has much bolder themes, many more people willing to experiment," said Manjrekar, who also had a bit part in Danny Boyle's Oscar-winning "Slumdog Millionaire."
Increased multiplex penetration, organized funding, digitization of single-screen theaters and an improvement in production quality are some key factors that could drive growth in regional cinema, consultancy KPMG noted in a recent report.
"Over the last few years, the share of Hindi films to the overall films certified has declined," and the regional film industry "stands at the threshold" of an opportunity to convert its increasing recognition into higher revenues and acceptance.
Experts said with the right marketing and content, mainstream audiences would be drawn towards regional cinema, which is estimated to be a billion dollar industry.
Corporate studios like Eros International and the Anil Ambani owned Reliance Big Pictures are looking to capture this market, especially in southern India where local film stars rival Bollywood actors in popularity.
"Of course we want to concentrate on the south, but we have found that even films in other languages, if marketed and presented well, do form a very viable opportunity," says Mahesh Ramanathan of Reliance Big Pictures which has more than five regional films on its slate this year.
Bolstered by this new found confidence and bigger budgets, many filmmakers are experimenting with newer themes. Some of these projects are drawing rave reviews and even being screened at film festivals globally.
India's entry to this year's Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language Film category was a little known Marathi film "Harishchandrachi Factory" about the making of the first Indian movie in the early 20th century.
The film was picked by UTV Motion Pictures, one of the country's biggest production houses, for distribution and was a box-office success.
But trade analysts warn it may be premature to celebrate the revival of regional cinema.
"South Indian films are the only ones which can make a substantial profit so far, mainly owing to the huge star power that their actors enjoy," said Vajir Singh, executive editor at Box Office India magazine.
"The rest are still catching up but due to the rise in the number of regional channels and single- screen theaters showing regional films, avenues for monetization are far more than they were before."


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Visiting Therapist Association of Kalamazoo can be found at Green Meadow Rd 5364. The following is offered: Trade Organizations. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Kalamazoo there are 17 other Trade Organizations. An overview can be found here.


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Back to Main Notices of Intent Page
Amends the provisions governing the facility need review (FNR) process to adopt provisions to include behavioral health services providers of psychosocial rehabilitation and/or community psychiatric support and treatment services in the FNR program..
Contact Information: Cecile Castello, Health Standards Section, P.O. Box 3767, Baton Rouge, LA 70821
.Act 401 Compliance: The Notices of Intent pages were developed in accordance with ACT 401 of the 2014 Louisiana Legislative Session.
Disclaimer: Please note that the official versions of the Notices of Intent are maintained by the Office of State Register's website at http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/osr.htm. The excerpted versions of these Notices of Intent contained on this website are provided as a courtesy service to the public and is unofficial and should not be regarded as such. Users are encouraged to visit the Office of State Register's website for the official version.
- Emergency Rule: N/A
- Notice of Intent: Prior to Proposed Rule: September 2017 LAC
- Notice of Intent: Proposed Rule
- Notice of Intent: November 20, 2017 (Louisiana Register)
- Public Hearing: December 28, 2017
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Download Artificial Heart 3 –
The International Symposium on Artificial Heart and Assist Devices has been held three times, first in 1985, then in 1987 and 1990. It is my great pleasure to present Artificial Heart 3 (Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Artificial Heart and Assist Devices). The third symposium was held in Tokyo on February 16 and 17, 1990. Our original intention was to invite all the principal investigators from the major artificial heart research laboratories in the world, in the first three symposia. The numbers of investigators in the fields of the artificial heart, ventricular assist systems, and biomaterials, invited for the symposia, totalled 7 in 1985, 8 in 1987, and 13 in 1990. The program of the third symposium consisted of 41 papers; 13 invited lectures, 8 papers contributed upon request, with 2 from the United States, and 20 regular selected papers including 2 from the United States, ana 1 each from Australia, Germany, and South Korea. During the last three years, the state of clinical application of artificial hearts and assist devices has changed. In the case of pneumatically driven blood pumps, we have now stepped into the age of practical use in patients.Accordingly, in this symposium we gave a special emphasis to topics of clinical application, particularly the use of an artificial heart as a bridge to heart transplantation. Sessions on implantable artificial hearts, biomaterials for the artificial heart, and heart transplantation were also included.
Pages: 352
Format: PDF
Size: 15.47 Mb


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Macmillan improves the lives of people affected by cancer locally. We provide practical, medical, emotional and financial support and push for better cancer care. Cancer affects us all. We can all help. We are Macmillan in East Scotland.
In Fife we are currently raising much needed funds for our £450,000 Macmillan Fife Appeal. In Dundee, a brand new unit has recently opened at Ninewells Hospital providing treatment for all five health boards from Tayside to the North of Scotland. Find out more .
Planning on doing something for us? Need some fundraising support?
We'd love to hear from you
Opening hours Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm
Pay in online. It's the quickest, easiest and most secure way.
Pay directly into the bank. Contact the Fundraising Support Team to find out how.
Post a cheque made out to 'Macmillan Cancer Support' to:
Macmillan Cancer SupportPO Box 24040EdinburghEH3 1DZ
Thanks for choosing to support Macmillan.
Our organisation was started by a volunteer nearly one hundred years ago, and today they're still at the very heart of everything we do. Join us and together we can make a difference.
Find the latest volunteering opportunities near to you on our volunteer pages.
Get face-to-face support and information in your local area by visiting a cancer support group or information centre near you.
If you have any questions about Macmillan we would love to hear from you .
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© Macmillan Cancer Support 2018
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Numerous Graduate Student Instructorships (GSI's) are available to second-year students in several fields, especially accounting, economics, and communications. GSI's earn income and a partial fee remission . For the fall 2017 and spring 2018 semesters the amount of the typical fee remission is approximately $8,500 which covered the University Registration Fee, Educational Fee, and Health Insurance Fee. The earned income for the same position is typically over $4,000.
You can apply for the GSI positions in the spring of your first year. If you have significant training in a specialized area, you may also find employment as a reader or tutor. More information about the GSI program at Haas, including how to apply, can be found on the Haas School's Official GSI Website.
MBA students who are fully sponsored, meaning all fees are paid by a third party or outside agency, may choose to work as GSIs and/or Readers. However, if you are eligible for a fee remission from UC Berkeley, you will only receive it if your sponsoring agency reduces the sponsorship by that amount. Fee remissions will not be paid to the student as a refund if fees are being covered by an outside source.
For those of you who waive the student health insurance, the Health Insurance Fee will not be triggered to your account, so expect a lower partial fee remission.


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I was going to take pictures of Shannon's Fall Garden but it hasn't stopped raining enough for me to do so.
I surprised Shannon with a Humming Bird Feeder. We have been wanting to get one for months now and Shannon has even seen a few fly around the back yard. I got one at the Ace Hardware Saturday and it was on sale. I put it on the kitchen window with a cool suction cup hanger that sticks right to the glass of the window. I went inside to see if it was in the correct spot and if I should move it up. While I stood there trying to decide if it should move up or over a humming bird flew right up and started in on the nectar! It wasn't even up for 5 minutes yet!
It appears to be the same little female humming bird that is feeding. We will hopefully get more humming birds next Spring.
If it stops raining long enough for the sun to come out I'll take pictures of Shannon's Fall Garden. He got everything planted in two long beds and it only took him two days to do it.


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Tektro Dorado HD-E710 180mm Hydraulic Brake SetIf you're converting your bike to electric using one of our conversion kits (BBS, Samsung Street, Samsung Off-road or 1,500W) this brake set is a great option if you're concerned about stopping power. The Tektro Dorado E710 hydraulic disk brake set includes front and rear 180mm disks, front and rear complete levers, lines and calipers (already bled and ready to mount) and DO.4.0 adapters for iso standard mounts. 180mm brakes give you added mechanical advantage over standard 160mm disks. 203mm are the next size up but they are notoriously impossible to adapt to regular bikes. That makes 180mm the perfect size for your conversion. If your bike has PM forks, you can purchase a separate D04.0 adapter separately.
Regular Price: £369.00
Special Price £249.00


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I have been so preoccupied lately that I almost forgot to get in a Creative Cache for August. Every once in a while, I like to highlight an already established cache for the readers. A cache that is creative enough that it should be put on everyone's "Must Visit" list. For that, I'm going to take you out to Portland, OR, where a unique and fun cache exists. It's called...
Dr. Who
Now I'm going to warn you. You won't be getting details about how this cache is designed. It would totally ruin the experience for anyone planning on hitting this one.
The cache was placed by goblindust on 05/22/2006. Since then, it has racked up 594 finds and only six DNF's. That's pretty impressive. So what's so special about this cache? Plain and simple and it goes with this site. It's just plain creative. It will make you cringe when you first arrive on site to try and figure out where it's hidden. It will pop a light bulb when that idea comes to mind. And it will surprise you when you discover how it's hidden.
I found it with my buddy Webscouter. while we were traveling the Pacific Northwest during our Geowoodstock VIII trip. We had heard the name from several people and had planned on going through Portland anyway so we took the advice and visited it. We were happy we did.
So anyone traveling to Portland needs to add this to their list. Trust me. You'll be happy you stopped for this one.
Monday, August 30, 2010
Dr. Who
Posted by Jeff Campbell at 8/30/2010 08:10:00 PM
Labels: kid friendly, small, traditional
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text: A utumn brings the arrival of fast-moving, benign systems that carry cold, dry Canadian air masses originating from the interior regions of Canada. These are known informally as Alberta clippers. Though cold fronts are common year-round in the northern tier states, the first true Alberta clippers appear in September and become more common in October and November. They differ from Pacific systems, which originate from the West Coast and tend to bring weaker temperature drops but stronger upper-level support with more organized precipitation areas. Alberta clippers are popularly associated with modest temperature drops, gusty wind, and brief precipitation, but more powerful, organized Alberta clippers with large precipitation areas are called "polar outbreaks" or simply called "cold fronts".


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By Patrick Temple-West
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A U.S. Internal Revenue Service official who was a key figure in the controversy over the tax agency's scrutiny of conservative groups retired on Monday just as an IRS review board was poised to recommend she be fired.
Lois Lerner was at the center of an uproar that shook the IRS for weeks starting in mid-May after she apologized in public for the tax agency's treatment of political groups with "Tea Party" and other conservative terms in their names.
The apology - made unexpectedly at a legal conference - triggered a fury among congressional Republicans. Accusing the IRS of political bias against conservatives, the lawmakers launched investigations and held high-profile hearings.
"We can confirm today that Lois Lerner has retired," the IRS said on Monday in a statement about the former head of its tax-exempt division. Lerner had been placed on leave in May.
Neither Lerner nor her lawyer could be reached for comment.
Her IRS salary was about $177,000 a year, according to a congressional investigator. Lerner is expected to receive her full pension, said a Democratic staff member at the Ways and Means Committee.
An IRS spokeswoman declined to comment on Lerner, citing employee privacy.
Her retirement came just as the IRS' internal Accountability Review Board completed its report and was set to propose Lerner be fired on the basis of "neglect of duties" during her tenure, said Representative Sander Levin, the top Democrat on the tax-writing Ways and Means Committee, in a statement.
The IRS review board said it found no political bias on her part, Levin's statement said.
Lerner's retirement does not "diminish the committee's interest in hearing her testimony," said Republican Representative Darrell Issa, chairman of the House of Representatives Oversight and Government Reform Committee, which has led congressional inquiries into the affair.
At one session, Lerner memorably refused to testify, citing her constitutional right, and drawing heavy criticism from House of Representatives Republicans in the televised hearing.
As part of its job, the IRS regularly reviews applications from groups seeking tax-exempt status. U.S. law sets certain limits on the political involvement of tax-exempt groups, depending on the kind of exemption they seek or obtain.
The controversy over the IRS "Tea Party" affair has faded in recent months, but the agency is still recovering from it. Its acting commissioner resigned during the controversy. A temporary replacement is on the job now. A permanent chief has been nominated by President Barack Obama, pending Senate approval.
(Additional reporting by Kim Dixon; Editing by Kevin Drawbaugh, Xavier Briand and Lisa Shumaker)


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When his health broke down he returned to Wales where, in 1778 , he became curate at S. Fagans , after which he was curate at Porthkerry ; in both of these places he established Methodist societies. He travelled throughout South Wales , preaching to the Methodists .
In 1783 his health again deteriorated, and he went to his sister's house in Bristol to recuperate; he d. there of tuberculosis , 8 Feb. 1784 , and his body was brought to S. Athan for burial. Elegies to his memory were written by John Williams , S. Athan , 1728 - 1806 , and William Williams , Pantycelyn . At the same time David Jones , Llan-gan , published a booklet giving an account of his life: Llythyr oddiwrth Dafydd ab Ioan y Pererin at Ioan ab Gwilim y Prydydd … ( Trevecka , 1784 ).
Reverend Gomer Morgan Roberts, M.A., (1904-93), Pont-rhyd-y-fen / St Dogmael's / Llandybïe
Published date: 1959


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PROs Elite 100
Electronic Business Machines has been selected to receive PROs Elite 100 certification. Being selected to the PROs Elite 100 recognizes Electronic Business Machines as one of the 100 Best Office Products Servicing dealers in the United States and the only Dealer with this distinction in their market. Click here to read more.
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Pros Elite 100
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EBM Open House September 15th 4-7pm
We would like to invite you to our 2016 Open House!
September 15th 4-7pm
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Networking and Customer Appreciation.
Canon Digital Press
EBM is now an authorized Canon Digital Press provider!


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#Jason Smyth
# jason-smyth - Thursday 16 August, 2018
'If I had achieved what I have but in another sport... I wouldn't have to look at what job I'm going to be doing'
Ahead of next week's European Championships, Jason Smyth discusses the pros and cons of being the fastest Paralympian on the planet.
# jason-smyth - Monday 25 December, 2017
'We always look at people with disabilities and think about what they can't do'
Jason Smyth on embracing challenges and change as he enters the twilight of his career.
# jason-smyth - Friday 24 November, 2017
'I got far more British media coverage than I did in Ireland'
Jason Smyth is not sure Paralympic athletes get the credit they deserve.
# jason-smyth - Tuesday 18 July, 2017
Make it a double! Untouchable Jason Smyth storms to fifth World Championship gold
The Derry sprinter adds the T13 200m title to the 100m crown he won on Sunday, while Paul Keogan finished seventh in his final.
# jason-smyth - Monday 17 July, 2017
Watch: Untouchable Smyth and McKillop deliver double gold for Ireland in 10 minutes
It was another memorable night at London's Olympic Stadium.
# jason-smyth - Saturday 3 December, 2016
Robbie Keane and Olympic heroes honoured as People of the Year
The list also includes some extraordinary acts of heroism.
# jason-smyth - Friday 9 September, 2016
'It's like a fairytale to keep coming to these major championships and winning gold'
Jason Smyth has got Ireland up and running at the Rio Paralympics.
Sensational Jason Smyth storms to fifth Paralympic gold medal in Rio
A third straight 100m title for the Irish sprinter.
# jason-smyth - Thursday 8 September, 2016
Easy as you like! Jason Smyth's bid for a fifth Paralympic gold got off to a flier tonight
The fastest Paralympian on the planet eased into Friday's final.
'I'm not better than anyone else, I've just worked hard and been lucky it has paid off'
Jason Smyth goes in search of a FIFTH Paralympic gold medal tonight.
# jason-smyth - Monday 5 September, 2016
Smyth's double to Rohan's road triumph: 6 of the best moments from London 2012
The Rio Games begin on Wednesday.
# jason-smyth - Saturday 24 October, 2015
Jason Smyth made his latest 100m world title win look far too easy
Smyth celebrates another gold before dashing home for the birth of his child.
# jason-smyth - Saturday 27 December, 2014
Slaughtneil success and a cup final -- Derry's 2014 sporting highlights
Jason Smyth lit up the Paralympics world yet again this year.
# jason-smyth - Thursday 21 August, 2014
We'll Leave it There So: Medal glory for Irish Paralympians, Balotelli Liverpool-bound and all today's sport
Meanwhile, Martin O'Neill discussed Jack Grealish's Ireland future as he named a 36-man squad.
It's gold again for unstoppable Jason Smyth at the European Paralympics
"Delighted" Orla Barry takes discus silver on another medal-heavy day for Ireland in Swansea.
# jason-smyth - Tuesday 19 August, 2014
We'll Leave it There So: Smyth's gold, Dublin's oligarch and all today's sport
But the kettle on for a hot cup of sports news.
# jason-smyth - Monday 18 August, 2014
Jason Smyth taken aback by classification change, but still aiming for the top at IPC Championships
"Since the last time I was classified my eyesight has got worse which is never what you want to hear."
# jason-smyth - Friday 20 December, 2013
11 of Derry's best sporting moments in 2013
What sort of year was it for the Oak Leaf County?
# jason-smyth - Tuesday 30 July, 2013
Paralympic changes are bad news for Smyth and McKillop
The double champions in London will be unable to defend their 200 and 800 metre titles respectively.
# jason-smyth - Saturday 27 July, 2013
Orla Barry secures silver medal at world championships
Ireland now have five medals in total at the event, following the athlete's triumph in the F57/58 Discus.
# jason-smyth - Thursday 25 July, 2013
Jason Smyth clinches double with 100m gold at world championships
A storming run of 10.61 seconds gave the Paralympic Champion 100m Gold.
# jason-smyth - Monday 22 July, 2013
Here's how Michael McKillop and Jason Smyth won World Championship gold yesterday
The Irish pair were in blistering form in Lyon.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 21 July, 2013
Jason Smyth adds world champion to his CV with record equalling time
The Derry sprinter came close to breaking his own PB over 200 metres in Lyon today.
# jason-smyth - Wednesday 24 April, 2013
Ireland's Jason Smyth, the world's fastest Paralympian, left baffled by London snub
Despite being one of the London Games' most outstanding performers, he's not on the bill for the anniversary event.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 30 December, 2012
Here are our 44 favourite images of the London 2012 Paralympics
The past week and a half in London has been memorable for a number of reasons. Here are some of its defining images.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 23 December, 2012
Essential Follows: Here are 50 other sports personalities to follow on Twitter
Aside from GAA, rugby and soccer, here are the athletes and sports journalists we recommend following.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 18 November, 2012
Just rewards: Rob Heffernan named Athlete of the Year
The athlete has been recognised for his standout performance at the Olympics.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 16 September, 2012
The sporting tweets of the week: Rory meets a new friend
This week, Joey Barton gives his thoughts on Hillsborough and Jason Smyth weighs in on the debate over his nationality.
# jason-smyth - Wednesday 12 September, 2012
Adjusted for population, Ireland came fourth in the Paralympics
We've crunched through the Paralympics medal table to reveal just how well Ireland really did…
# jason-smyth - Friday 7 September, 2012
Paralympic Village: Smyth secures iconic status
The sprinter, along with Mark Rohan and Catherine O'Neill, added to Ireland's medal haul today.
Another world record! Jason Smyth claims gold in style
The Irish athlete recorded a time of 21.05 at the Olympic Stadium tonight.
The 9 at 9: Friday
Good morning! Here's what you need to know as you kick off your Friday.
Paralympic Breakfast: Smyth set to chase double double
We also have news of the other Irish athletes in action as the Games' end comes into sight.
# jason-smyth - Thursday 6 September, 2012
Jason Smyth safely through to 200m final in London
The 100m T13 champion even managed to ease up 20 metres from the line.
# jason-smyth - Monday 3 September, 2012
Top bracket: Smyth happy to be among sprinting elite
Derry's gold medallist has espoused the advantages of training in the US before defending his 200 metre title this week.
# jason-smyth - Sunday 2 September, 2012
Taoiseach congratulates Paralympic athletes on winning gold
Enda Kenny said the athletes had "done their country, family and Team Ireland proud".
# jason-smyth - Saturday 1 September, 2012
VIDEO: Jason Smyth takes 100m title in record time
Blink and you'll miss him.
World's fastest! Jason Smyth secures Ireland's third gold at Paralympics
The Derry sprinter secured his second world record in two days to win his 100m event by more than half a second.
VIDEO: Relive Jason Smyth's gold medal win at the 2008 Paralympics
Ahead of his big event tonight, here's a chance to look back on the Irish athlete's moment of glory in Beijing.
# jason-smyth - Friday 31 August, 2012
Paralympic breakfast: 2008 gold medalist Smyth hoping for repeat performance
From an Irish perspective, there is also much anticipation surrounding the cycling events taking place today.


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With many state agencies under budgetary pressure, solid information on costs and outcomes of services for people with disabilities has never been more important. Now, for the first time ever, that hard-to-find information is collected in a single volume for policy makers, advocates, providers, and researchers. Blending original research with policy analysis, critical reviews of existing knowledge, and examples of cutting-edge programs and policies, this book shows you what works and helps you make sound decisions about how to allocate resources. You'll examine differences in outcomes and costs among various community service models direct and indirect costs of family care the criteria used to allocate funds for community services ways to develop a rational, equitable budgeting process that facilitates the desired lifestyle of each person public policy considerations involved in developing individual budgets in a statewide system of services the debate over independent budgets versus traditional funding costs and outcomes of consumer directed services (self-determination) the question of whether greater expenditures and more staff lead to better outcomes the impact of residential setting size and institutional downsizing on per-person expenditure recommendations for future policy and practice The highly respected contributors to this volume represent a wide range of fields, including disability services, research, evaluation, policy analysis, and administration. Contributors from the UK and Australia add an international perspective. With their combined research and perspectives, you'll be better prepared to meet federal mandates for individualized services and improve the quality of life for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.The DOORS system does not identify particular services or service providers, but rather it sets an amount of funds that the ... In the Independence Plus Medicaid waiver application template recently proposed by CMS for self-directed services, anbsp;...
|Costs and Outcomes of Community Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities
|Roger Stancliffe, K. Charlie Lakin
|Paul H Brookes Publishing Company - 2005
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


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Wyoming electric customers now have the opportunity to support renewable energy efforts through a new Renewable Energy Rider Pilot program. This voluntary program will allow customers to purchase blocks of energy associated with Renewable Energy Credits. Renewable Energy Credits are awarded when electricity is generated through renewable sources such as wind, solar or biomass. Through this program, Montana-Dakota will purchase credits associated with wind energy and Wyoming customers can in turn enroll to purchase the renewable energy credits through an additional charge on their electric utility bill.
Many people today are interested in what they can do to reduce their carbon footprint. Supporting renewable energy is a popular solution for reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Currently Montana-Dakota does not have any renewable resources in the electric generation mix that serves customers in Wyoming. This pilot program allows customers to purchase renewable energy credits in blocks of 100 kWh allowing customers to support renewable generation projects.
This program is available to all Wyoming customers (residential and commercial) served with electricity from Montana-Dakota.
Montana-Dakota is offering customers the ability to purchase blocks of 100 kWh of renewable energy credits at a cost of four cents* per block. The average residential customer uses approximately 800-900 kWh per month, so a customer wanting to support 100 percent of their usage with renewable energy would need to purchase eight or nine blocks per month adding approximately $0.35 to their bill per month. However, customers may purchase as many or as few blocks as they would like.
The renewable energy blocks you purchase will be billed as a line item on your Montana-Dakota bill. Customers who choose to participate in this program will be committing for one full year and will continue on a month-to-month basis after the initial one-year term.
One Renewable Energy Credit equals 1,000 kWh. Each block sold in this program represents one-tenth of a Renewable Energy Credit.
Renewable energy is available to purchase in blocks of 100 kWh at a cost of $0.04 per block*. Renewable energy blocks are billed monthly as a line item on your Montana-Dakota bill.
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Legal Statement Disclosure Notice ©2018 MDU Resources Group, Inc.


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Fleets should consider sending drivers short video messages that document emerging fleet-wide accident trends and their impact on both drivers and the fleet sponsor.
Trevose, PA (PRWEB) December 27, 2013
Rating fleet drivers, providing them with easy access to their driving history and explaining how their history is converted into their risk scores are keys to getting them to buy into a fleet safety policy, according to Brian Kinniry, CEI's manager of risk and safety services.
Mr. Kinniry makes the remarks in the November-December 2013 issue of Fleet Financials magazine, in an article titled, "Smart Strategies for Promoting Your Fleet Safety Policy." Among his recommendations:
- Create online "driver dashboards" that show drivers' risk rating, their accident and violation history, and a link to the text of the safety policy. "The driver is able to go into his or her online dashboard at any time and review the fleet policy, check out their driving event history, and know exactly what's required of them," he notes. "This way, if they had…an accident, they would be directed to…learn about what the [safety] policy says…and find out what the next steps should be."
- Require drivers to read and sign off on the fleet safety policy once a year.
- Send fleet drivers short video messages with statistics that document emerging fleet-wide accident trends and their impact on both drivers and the fleet sponsor, and relate the types of accidents to the safety policy. "Use that data to create messages that address those issues," Kinniry recommends. "It could be that drivers aren't aware of what the policy says about those types of events.
To see the complete article, please visit http://www.fleetfinancials.com/article/story/2013/12/smart-strategies-for-promoting-your-fleet-safety-policy.aspx?prestitial=1.
About CEI
CEI is a leading provider of technology-enhanced vehicle accident, driver safety and fleet risk management services. Its provider network consists of some 4,000 collision repair shops in North America, and includes nearly 900 truck collision repair centers. Its customers include self-insured, commercial, institutional and government fleets, directly and through alliances with fleet leasing companies. CEI also provides vehicle direct repair program outsourcing to leading property and casualty insurance companies.
Founded in 1983, CEI has headquarters near Philadelphia, PA, and field sales offices in Trevose, PA, Tulsa, OK, and Lake in the Hills, IL. In 2000, CEI launched the DriverCare™ line of services, which include fleet risk management, MVR ordering and compliance, on-line and behind-the-wheel driver safety training and a safety newsletter. For more information about CEI, please visit ceinetwork.com.