text: AIAA has selected Dr. Basil Hassan for its Member Spotlight for May, 2011. Dr. Hassan is an AIAA Associate Fellow, and the manager of the Aerospace Systems Analysis Department of the Integrated Military Systems Center at the Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.Hassan has been a member of AIAA for over twenty-six years, and during that time he has held a wide variety of volunteer positions across the Institute. Hassan currently sits on the AIAA Board of Directors as the Vice President for Technical Activities. Prior to his election to VP, he served as Director-Technical for Engineering and Technology Management. In addition to the Board roles, Hassan has served as a member of AIAA's Compensation Committee, Institute Development Committee, Honors and Awards Committee, and chaired the New Initiatives Subcommittee for Technical Activities. He began his career in AIAA's Technical Activities Committee serving as both a member and eventual chair of the Thermophysics Technical Committee, and later as a Deputy Director in the Aerospace Sciences Group. Hassan's service to the Institute has also included service to AIAA's Albuquerque section, where he has served both as the Membership Chair and the Honors and Awards officer. In addition to his leadership roles, Hassan has authored or co-authored over 25 papers for AIAA technical conferences, and from 2001–2004 he served as an associate editor for AIAA's Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets.Outside of his AIAA activities, Hassan has also served on a variety of review boards for the National Academies, NASA (Ames, Langley, and Johnson) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). He was also active in the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation, and as a result of that participation, was named to serve on the Aerosciences Technology Discipline Team of NASA's Engineering Safety Center (NESC). Dr. Hassan also serves on the Educational Advisory Board for the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department at New Mexico State University.When asked why he had entered the aerospace profession, Dr. Hassan stated that it was his father, a professor at North Carolina State University, who used to let him tag along to AIAA student branch meetings that sparked a desire to enter the aerospace profession. The "when did you know" moment came when Hassan and his father attended the 75th anniversary celebration of the Wright Brother's first flight, it was then that Hassan knew that aerospace was the field for him. He also reminisced that since there was a lot going on in the space program at that time – the end of the Apollo missions, the Voyager and Pioneer missions, and the dawn of the space shuttle era – that he couldn't help but be drawn to the profession as it was exciting and advancing all the time. When asked about his history with AIAA, Dr. Hassan stated that he has been an AIAA member since his student days, first joining the Institute in 1984 as a freshman in Aerospace Engineering at North Carolina State University. While a graduate student he realized the full value of an AIAA membership when he started presenting at AIAA conferences and using AIAA journals in his graduate research. Hassan eventually received his PhD from North Carolina State, focusing in the areas of computational aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics for hypersonic flight vehicles. For Hassan, the benefits of AIAA membership have been many, but he stressed there have been three benefits which have been indispensable to his growth as an aerospace professional: Networking, ideas and having opportunities to expand business development. He said that the networking benefit of AIAA has been especially good for him, reporting that most of the people that he interacts with on a professional level, outside of Sandia National Laboratories, are people he has met through his work on AIAA committees. He lauded the value of AIAA's conferences, noting "if you can attend a conference and come away with just one idea which you can implement immediately in your workplace, the conference has been paid for." He stated that AIAA's conferences provide such a rich source of ideas and material, which is almost impossible to attend and not gain something immediately useful. Lastly, Hassan noted that AIAA's conferences are great for expanding business development, noting that his attendance at the conferences has directly generated projects and business leads for Sandia National Laboratories, as well as being instrumental to opening up opportunities for Sandia personnel to engage in work that might not have otherwise been available to them.When asked what he would tell a young person just starting out in an aerospace career about AIAA, Hassan stated "that it's easy to look at the cost of an AIAA membership and reject it as being too expensive, but, when you think about it, the cost of an AIAA membership is what you might spend on a nice dinner. So the cost of a membership really shouldn't be a barrier to joining AIAA, especially as the benefits will far exceed the cost." Additionally, Hassan noted that when a person first starts working in aerospace, they often find themselves working in a job which is out of their field of study, which will require them to acquire new skills and capabilities to succeed. And, he also noted, that a portion of the information you will need to grow in that job will not necessarily be available to you internally, thus – an AIAA membership makes a lot of sense, if only for the exposure you will gain from interacting with other professionals in similar positions outside of your company. He noted that when he was new to the workplace, his longtime mentor, David Thockmorton (retired from NASA and former AIAA Board Member), urged him to get involved with AIAA and to join an AIAA technical committee, and that exposure greatly helped him grow in his career. Hassan noted that the best benefit of an AIAA membership, or, membership in any professional society, is that it allows you to meet others with similar backgrounds, but perhaps with different ideas, and that these interactions inexorably lead to professional growth. Hassan noted that in some jobs, especially where security measures restrict open reporting of the work being performed, it is still good for employees to get out to conferences – even if they cannot present their work, they can still interact with other professionals and gain useful ideas.Hassan also discussed what students in grades K-12 should be doing to prepare themselves for an aerospace career, if that is where their interests take them. He noted that they should have a real passion for math and science, as that is what they will spend the majority of their days doing. He also noted that they should develop a real passion for flight, and for activities like remote controlled airplanes or model rocketry, as those hobbies would both fuel a desire to gain more knowledge about aerospace, but would also provide an early introduction to the skills necessary to succeeding in the industry. Hassan also noted that tomorrows engineers should be studying computational sciences today. He noted that as the costs of testing, both ground and flight, continue to rise, validated computational modeling techniques will be necessary to move the aerospace industry forward, and that tomorrow's engineers are going to have a good understanding of computational science and technology to take aerospace technology to the next level of advancement. He also noted that educators have to do a better job of stressing to kids that a degree in aerospace engineering is really a multi-disciplinary degree – it will force them to use science, math and computer skills every day in the workplace, and that the better they understand that, the better they may be able to prepare themselves for the rigor of the workplace. At the end of our conversation, Hassan noted that AIAA is an organization that can open up new horizons in your world – introduce you to people you might not have otherwise met, extend professional growth opportunities that might not have existed independent of involvement in AIAA, and to help you learn and grow as a professional. AIAA congratulates Dr. Hassan for his many contributions to AIAA, and for his positive outlook on the role of AIAA in the professional and personal growth of aerospace professionals, as well as for his selection as the AIAA member spotlight for May 2011.


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Pregnant Women Would Have Right to Demand Extra Bathroom Breaks and Other Accommodations Under Proposed City LawNovember 28, 2012 – In The News
New York Daily News
Under a new city law proposed November 26, pregnant employees have the right to demand accommodations like extra bathroom breaks or a comfy chair. The bill will surpass federal law, which bars employers from firing or demoting women because of their pregnancies, but does not suggest additional accommodations.
Some groups say this bill isn't necessary.
"It's an issue that employers deal with every day, and we make accommodations routinely," said Carolyn Richmond, labor counsel for the Hospitality Alliance.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you got to an intersection and you didn't know the way, but turned North and I said, "Don't go that way!" and reprimanded you for it, would you know the way? You would know North is not the way, but you wouldn't know if you should go East, West, or South. We often do this to our children, except they don't usually have the benefit of only four choices to deduce from.
Teach What is Right, Not Just What is Wrong
On Becoming Childwise has a list of moral precepts I wanted to discuss. The first is on page 77. In my own words, it is to "Teach What is Right, Not Just What is Wrong." A precept is a "general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought" (The Oxford American Dictionary, 2001).
An important precept, or rule to regulate behavior or thought, is to teach not just what not to do, but what to do. Teach virtues. You don't want to spend your days saying "Don't touch that." "Don't go there." "Don't take things without asking." "Don't talk that way" and so forth.
"If all you do is describe bad behavior, then the only thing your child has a mental image of is bad behavior" (page 77). You want to describe the right behavior. I think we sometimes expect a child to just magically know that if they shouldn't do something a certain way, then they should do it this other way. There is no reason a child should know what she should do if you never tell her. She might be able to figure it out after a a lot of trial and error, but most children will give up before they get there. If all they hear is the negative what "not to do" then they will adopt that negativity.
When your child does something she shouldn't, you may absolutely tell her not to do that. But you want to lovingly follow that up with an explanation (and even better, a display) of what she should have done. "Oh, no. We do not hit. If you are frustrated, you may XYZ, but you may not hit."
Teaching a child what to do helps prevent that behavior in the future. It gives her something else to focus on. Instead of whining, she has a method you have taught her for how to react when she is disappointed or upset.
The next time you find yourself correcting your child, stop and think of how you can take that opportunity to teach her a foundation to help her do the right thing next time. What virtue can you instill? Do it lovingly. Wrap her up in your arms and tell her what she should be doing. Use examples from your family if you have them. That leads us to next week's moral precept...
Related Posts/Blog Labels:


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Ricky Henderson
Ricky has been a Councillor in Edinburgh since 1999, previously representing the Parkhead ward until being elected to the Pentland Hills ward in 2007. He served as Executive Member for Sport Culture and Tourism and Executive Member for Transport in the Council Administration 1999 - 2007. Since 2007 he has filled the roles of Labour spokesperson for Transport, Education, and currently holds the Finance portfolio and is Deputy leader of the Labour Group. Married, with two grown up, student children, Ricky lives in the Chesser area. Ricky's favourite pastime is working on behalf of his constituents, but he can sometimes been found cooking, listening to music, on the golf course or following Hearts. Read Ricky's blog here, or contact Ricky: firstname.lastname@example.com @henderson_ricky


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It's time to fight like a girl and fight to win!! Today we're going to do it wearing Chanel Seduisant lipstick. I'm dedicating this post to my friend Ruth. She was in her early 30s when she was stricken with breast cancer. Her husband wasn't a real supportive kind of person and was challenged with a lot of tough issues stemming from poor life choices. Half way through Ruth's first round of chemo, he decided he wanted to move to a more remote area of the state. She had a tough decision to make and I begged her not to quit chemo...let him go, follow him later, but don't quit chemo half-way thru. She stopped in the middle of a gruesome chemical treatment that changes everything in your body as it tries to kill the cancer cells. He was selfish and demanding and Ruth was just 34 when she died, without him by her side, leaving behind a daughter with a critical illness. Her fight was something I never want to see anyone have to go through again because it was on many fronts, all of which seemed to exponentially impact the other.
So today I wear the quintessential lipstick brand Chanel. I'll go top of the line to honor Ruth. Seduisant is a Rouge Allure formula; the kind that pushes away from the lid when click the mechanism on the bottom. This is normally my favorite type of Chanel lipstick but I picked up two in this latest release of colors and they both feel a bit dry. Boo.
Seduisant is described by Chanel as a soft pink. It's a creamy composition with no shimmer, but like I mentioned before, it feels drying when I wear it. I have to exfoliate well before using this particular group of lipsticks, which is really unusual to my previous experience with Rouge Allure lipsticks.
It's a nice natural color that is easy to wear. I love how it looks; I just don't love how it feels.
Like all Rouge Allure lipsticks, there is no scent or flavor to this one. Ain't she pretty?
Here's a card they gave me that shows the color range of the new releases. This will come in handy if I decide I want to try anymore. I also purchased Extatique, which has very strong blue irridescence.
Have you tried any of these new Rouge Allure lipsticks? Do you find them drying? What are your favorite of the colors?


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Now Viewing:
You Pay: $11.95
This Hosa DRA-500 Series S/PDIF Cable can be used with any digital device connection that supports the S/PDIF standard on a 75 ohm coaxial connection. This series features gold plated RCA connectors and spring strain-relief.
|Cable Type
|S/PDIF digital cable
|13' (4 m)
|OFC Braid
|Connector 1
|RCA male
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|Packaging Infozcewyuusxereuyf
|Package Weight
|0.5 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|9.0 x 4.0 x 2.0"


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All the features you need for production scheduling
Ultra Fast Logic
Create schedules at ultra-high speed using Finite Capacity Scheduling.
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You can see at a glance the schedule stretching from the current state of the shop floor to several months in the future, making possible quick and accurate delivery date quotations.
Learn More…
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With Asprova, your production schedules will be transformed.
Experiencing these problems in your factory?
The environment surrounding the manufacturing industry is rapidly changing. Markets are diversifying, exchange rates fluctuate daily and climate change is accelating, not to mention various financial challenges and threats from competitors. In response to these external factors, swiftly adjusting production schedules while improving product QCD (quality, cost and delivery) is a major challenge. Of course, the production floor is replete with its own trials – unable to keep up with changes, or proposals being poor quality, taking too long to create or becoming too personal. This is where Asprova comes in – the production scheduler to solve all your problems.
Success stories
More than 2,000 factories in all industries are improved their businesses with using Asprova.
Browse user case studies to learn how Asprova is helping companies like yours generate more value with Asprova.
- Automobiles and Auto parts
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A sample of some of the diverse industry sectors in which Asprova has been successfully applied.
Printed Circuit Board Surface Mount
Different mounting specifications of each item
- Surface mount(one side or both sides)
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Injection Molding
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Gear (Metal processing)
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System Integration and Global Support Network
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Asprova is the market leader for production scheduling in Japan.
With a multilingual support network in over 30 countries worldwide, you're in good hands!
News and other information
- June 18, 2018
APICS-Asprova Tour in Mexico held
- January 12, 2018
Asprova Ver.14.1.0 has been released.
- September 20, 2017
Web site maintenance announcement
New Feature
- Ver.14.1.0 Execution by referencing scheduling parameters is now possible
- Ver.14.1.0 It is now easier to move bars and change the properties of operations on the order Gantt chart
- Ver.14.1.0 We added a feature to change the time between processes by condition by describing the time constraints with expressions
- Ver.14.1.0 The pegs between operations and orders on the Gantt chart can be freely edited
- Ver.14.1.0 You can easily copy the Integrated Master of Job Order Production and Engineer To Order
Read More…


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AblePlanet is an audio company that makes a lot of hearing hardware, aids, microphones and more. At this year's Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the company showed off personal sound amplifiers — which is not, strictly speaking, a hearing aid, but more of a boost to sound that will help in environments where listing can be an issue.
However, the new headphone line was the most interesting thing — the company claims that its headphones allow the customer to listen at a lower decibel rate than standard versions, meaning that the user is saving their hearing, or "improving health".
You will need to watch the video below to really understand how AblePlanet is making all this happen, but it is really fascinating technology.
Interview by Nick DiMeo of F5 Live: Refreshing Technology
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Industry analysts
Welcome to Ericsson's web-based information for Industry Analysts
Ericsson is advancing its vision of being the "prime driver in an all-communicating world" through innovation, technology, and sustainable business solutions. The company's portfolio comprises mobile and fixed network infrastructure, telecom services, software, broadband and multimedia solutions for operators, enterprises and the media industry.
This site contains information on our events, presentations, webinars, quarterly information briefs and other analyst-related material. Access to the information contained on this site is restricted to industry analysts.
To apply for access to this site, please register.
Ericsson reports second quarter 2018
18 July 2018
Invitation to media and analyst call
Conference call at 09:00 CET: Audio webcast
Conference call at 14:00 CET: Audio webcast
Q2 result 2018: English | Swedish
Financial statements (xlsx. Right-click and choose "save as..")
CEO and CFO presentation (pdf)
Planning assumptions (pdf)
Upcoming events
Webinar: QIB Q218 Digital Services - August 23
Webinar: QIB Q218 Emerging Business - August 26
Mobile World Congress Americas & Ericsson Industry Analyst Forum - September 12-14, Los Angeles


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Ellen Page sat down with Ellen DeGeneres this week to discuss the 'X-Men' actress' coming out at a Human Rights Campaign event on Valentines Day of this year, as well as the way coming out has changed since DeGeneres revealed she is gay in the 1990s.
At one point during the conversation Page tells DeGeneres that's she's grateful for her coming out at a time when it was "much harder and much scarier." The pair then engage in a discussion about the coming out process, and the way in which it frees someone from an intense sense of shame.
"You know you think you're at a place where you're like, 'I'm so happy to be gay, I'm comfortable being gay, I love being gay,'" Page told DeGeneres, "and honestly it wasn't until making that choice [to publicly come out] where I realized, no I was carrying a tremendous amount of shame and guilt for not being out. I felt isolated from the LGBT community and now I don't."
Page also recently spoke about how her life has changed since coming out, telling Flare magazine that she used to feel awkward around gay people because she felt "guilty for not being" herself.
Watch Ellen and Ellen chat in the video above.


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Interested in getting a balance transfer to an American Express credit card? Here's what you need to know.
If you're burdened with credit card debt and high interest charges, a balance transfer credit card could help ease your financial woes. By consolidating existing debt onto a balance transfer card offering low or 0% interest, you can save on interest fees during the card's introductory period.
This option also gives you the opportunity to switch to a card that will suit your needs in the short and long terms. So if you've been considering an Amex card for a while, here you can discover the benefits, terms and conditions and application process to decide if an American Express balance transfer offer will work for you.
Comparison of American Express balance transfer credit cards
How does a balance transfer with American Express work?
You can consolidate debt from multiple cards onto an American Express card and enjoy 0% p.a. interest on the debt for the first 12 months, subject to the following conditions.
- New customer. You must be a new American Express customer to qualify, and the balance transferred must also be from an account (or accounts) in your name.
- Non-Amex debt. Your debt cannot be transferred from another American Express-issued card. However, you may transfer debt from a bank-issued dual-card account by quoting your Visa/Mastercard number on the balance transfer application.
- Introductory interest rate. The introductory interest rate of 0% p.a. only applies for the promotional period, after which the interest rate will revert to the card's standard rate.
- Introductory period. Amex offers an introductory period of 12 months for balance transfer customers.
- Minimum transfer amount. The balance transfer amount requested must be greater than $50.
- Maximum transfer amount. You can transfer up to 70% of your approved credit limit, to a maximum dollar-value of $10,000.
- Credit establishment fee. A one-time 1% credit establishment or balance transfer fee applies. This charge will attract the standard interest rate for that card.
- Revert rate. This is the rate of interest that will apply to your balance if you don't pay it off during the introductory period. The revert rate varies among Amex cards, but is usually the same as the standard variable rate for purchases or cash advances.
What debts can't I transfer to an American Express credit card?
Debts from the following cards are ineligible for an American Express balance transfer offer:
- Credit cards issued in foreign currencies
- Cards issued outside of Australia
- Card accounts that are overdue or over their credit limits
- Non-credit card accounts (including debit cards, overdrafts, savings and personal loans)
How to get an American Express balance transfer credit card
Use the following simple steps to compare and choose a balance transfer card from Amex:
1. Compare cards. Research a variety of balance transfer cards across brands to find the offer that most suits your circumstances. Keep in mind that the balance transfer fee percentage varies among cards, and some cards may not apply a fee at all for this service.
2. Apply for your chosen card. Applying online should take around 15–20 minutes. Just go to your chosen American Express card page and click "Apply now" at the bottom of the page. Make sure you've read and met all eligibility requirements. You will need to provide information including your contact details, employment, finances, expenses, assets and liabilities, as well as supporting documentation.
3. Include your balance transfer details. During the application, you will need to provide information about your existing debt and account, including the account name (which must match your name), the value of the debt you wish to transfer, your card issuer, BSB number and account/card number.
4. Wait for approval. If your card is approved, American Express will begin the approval process for your balance transfer 72 hours later. If the balance transfer is approved, it can take up to 10 days to be processed and appear on your new American Express credit card. The balance transfer promotional period commences on the day that the balance transfer itself is approved.
5. Start paying off your debt. Once your balance has been transferred, it is time to start chipping away at your debt. Organise a prudent payment plan and schedule payments to consistently reduce your balance. It is critical that you repay the entire debt during the introductory period, so you avoid interest fees at the higher revert rate.
While American Express balance transfer credit cards offer an attractive 0% interest for 12 months, remember to compare other cards and factor in all costs including balance transfer fees and annual fees to find the most suitable balance transfer card for you.
Learn more and compare American Express credit cards here
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|Home Energy Conservation Bill
Mr. Alan Simpson (Nottingham, South): I shall be relatively brief. Many of the views expressed by the hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire (Mr. Sayeed) will be shared by both sides of the House and by all members of the Committee. I want to put this in a slightly different context. I am loth to blame the Minister for our predicament although we could have done without the confusion about the Committee's sittings, especially the Minister, whose time is probably under greater pressure. Our predicament does not reflect a lackadaisical approach by the Government to the commitment to eliminate fuel poverty. The Minister has probably done more than anyone to ensure that fuel poverty is on not just the political but the legislative agenda of this Parliament.
The issue of definitions to which the hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire referred is important. It is also contentious. I have sheltered behind the Minister at several conferences where the passionate views about the importance of getting the definition right come over with a degree of enthusiasm that is not far short of vehemence. I am pleased that the Minister, and not I, has to take that flak. The Minister more than anyone is aware of how important it is that we get the issue of fuel poverty right.
Column Number: 079
I suspect that the problems that we faced as a Committee result partly from confusion about whether clause 4 or new clause 8 is a duplication of what we can already do. The hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire was right to spell out in detail why that presumption was based on a misreading of the provision under the Home Energy Conservation Act 1995. I was involved in taking that legislation through the House and the powers that were given to Parliament under that Act were about the production of reports, not the delivery of a strategy to eliminate fuel poverty, which is the object of the Bill.
The Government have already made a commitment to eliminate fuel poverty within 15 years, which is why the words originally used by my hon. Friend the Member for Brighton, Kemptown sought to spell out the connection with fuel poverty in the Bill and why, in perhaps more eloquent terms, they are also included in new clause 8. I am not particularly precious about which of those alternatives should be used, but I endorse the point that it is essential for the credibility and parity of the Bill that we do not leave out references to fuel poverty. It is not an optional add-on or cake decoration, but central to one of the most important policy commitments made by the Government, which as yet awaits clarification not about their determination to achieve it, but about the mechanisms that they will use to achieve it. That is why it is important that, in one way or another, the Committee ensures that a clear reference to the elimination of fuel poverty is contained in the principal terms of the Bill.
Dr. Vincent Cable (Twickenham): I add my support and that of my colleagues to the comments of the hon. Members for Mid-Bedfordshire and for Nottingham, South (Mr. Simpson). They have covered much of the ground and we do not need long speeches on fuel poverty, so I shall simply make a few remarks.
As the hon. Member for Nottingham, South stressed, we are debating a procedural problem and trying to find the best way of pushing forward the issue. There seems to be strong support from action groups, charities and local authorities in favour of the approach of incorporating, either in clause 4 or new clause 8, specific and strong powers on fuel poverty. I support that strongly.
On the broader issue, I simply make the point that it is easy to be complacent about fuel poverty. I believe that it is under control and that we are making good progress. However, I emphasise that the most recent studies that I have seen that compare British performance with that of the rest of Europe show that we are far behind countries such as the Netherlands and Germany on tackling fuel poverty. We stand as one of the weakest countries in Europe, alongside Ireland, so there must be constant pressure for action.
One reason why local authorities are so keen to have enhanced powers is that they are dealing with generations of neglect. Since building regulations were first introduced in the 1860s, the emphasis has been on
Column Number: 080sanitation and damp for generation after generation. It was only recently that warmth became a central issue, so we have a large backlog of houses, many of which were put up hurriedly in the 1950s and 1960s because of the pressure of demand, and local authorities are now struggling with them. We need a sense of urgency to tackle the problem with the physical stock.
The hon. Member for Brighton, Kemptown made the point in his introduction that the new clause would not impose costs on Government or compliance costs on other authorities. We must bear in mind that as long as fuel poverty is neglected, there are costs to society. The national health service suffers costs, as do social landlords, who constantly have to deal with the problem of people seeking transfers. There is a cost issue, but it weighs in favour of strong action and legislation.
I simply reiterate the point that has already been made. I have looked through HECA and the Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act 2000 and, as far as I can see, nothing in those two pieces of legislation gives powers of guidance or co-ordination. That is what we want, not the old process of issuing reports. Clause 4 and new clause 8 give those powers, which is why there is support for them on both sides of the House. If the legislation is to have real meat and teeth, one or the other must be included.
Mr. Meacher: I apologise for being a few minutes late. I was unavoidably detained. I missed what my hon. Friend the Member for Brighton, Kemptown said, although I can probably imagine what that was.
Dr. Turner: No, I did not say that.
Mr. Meacher: I shall read with interest in the printed version what my hon. Friend said.
I listened to my hon. Friend the Member for Nottingham, South, and to the hon. Members for Twickenham (Dr. Cable) and for Mid-Bedfordshire. I wish that the hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire had not stumbled over himself repeatedly by making narrow political points. However, I accept the key point made by hon. Members that there is a general wish that the Bill should refer to the eradication of fuel poverty. I am sympathetic to that wish, and I believe that we can find a way to fulfil it.
12.15 pm
The aim of clause 4 is to give the Secretary of State powers to direct energy conservation authorities on discharging their functions under the 1995 Act to help to implement the Government's fuel poverty strategy. Section 4 of the Act already confers on the Secretary of State the power to issue guidance on the preparation of energy conservation reports. The hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire said that it did not refer specifically to the eradication of fuel poverty. That is true, but the reports are drawn up in accordance with the Secretary of State's guidance, and there is no reason why they should not contribute to eradicating fuel poverty.
Amendment No. 36 proposes that clause 4 should be removed, as it is unnecessary. My amendment No. 31 makes it clear that the Secretary of State's powers should be extended so that she may give guidance on implementation of the measures in the report. We
Column Number: 081expect the implementation of those measures to benefit the fuel poor. The fuel poverty strategy will therefore be a relevant consideration when the Secretary of State decides the appropriate guidance to energy conservation authorities. The amendment should not be interpreted as the Government backing away from their commitment to tackle fuel poverty.
I will not rise to the bait when the hon. Member for Mid-Bedfordshire talks about a volte-face. The only volte-face performed in the Committee is the hon. Gentleman's suddenly having an expedient interest in the eradication of fuel poverty. That interest was not reflected in the actions of the Conservative Government during their 18 years of office. The hon. Gentleman should not lead with a glass chin. As I said several times, fuel poverty tripled under that Government, and I will not take any lessons from him. As they say in another book, however, there is more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over 99 just men. It is excellent if the hon. Gentleman has joined us in our concern for fuel poverty.
I have not committed any volte-face. I am grateful for the comment made by my hon. Friend the Member for Nottingham, South, and I hope that what he said is true. I have done what I believe is necessary to make it true. We are deeply committed to seeking an end to fuel poverty, and I do not see how anyone could seriously deny that. Our fuel poverty strategy was published in November 2001, and we set a target to deal with most fuel-poor households, which include those of pensioners, the disabled, the chronically sick, and families on low incomes with children. One of the most effective ways of achieving that target is to improve the energy efficiency of homes. It is true that the Chancellor has made a welcome increase in fuel payments at Christmas. However, we do not want to assist the fuel poor to pay their bills when they are in badly insulated homes where most of the energy is wasted through the roof, doors or windows. We want, through energy efficiency, to reduce their fuel use while increasing the money that they have for fuel.
To help achieve that target we have established several domestic energy efficiency programmes. We have redesigned and increased the amount of money available under the old home energy efficiency scheme, a good scheme that we inherited from the previous Government. We have raised the limit for an individual household from Ł300 to Ł2,000. The new programme, which is marketed as warm front, provides considerably bigger grants for packages of insulation and heating improvements, including the installation of central heating, to those most vulnerable to cold-related ill health in the private sector. We have committed more than Ł600 million by 2004 to warm front. In addition, under the new energy efficiency commitment, which comes into effect in April, we have set a testing target for electricity and gas suppliers to achieve improvements in domestic energy efficiency; 50 per cent. of those energy savings must be directed at low-income consumers.
With that record, no objective person can say that our commitment is lackadaisical. It is the reverse of that. We are the first Government to put in place a target to end fuel poverty. As my hon. Friend the
Column Number: 082Member for Nottingham, South said, we want to achieve that by 2016, and to put our money where our mouth is in supporting those major schemes.
I am happy with the new clause, which was tabled by my hon. Friend the Member for Brighton, Kemptown. It takes account of my concern that the existing clause 4 was over-prescriptive and it meets other requirements in that it does not repeat existing legislation. I can therefore embrace it in policy terms. My problem, which is one that all Governments must concern themselves with, is that any clauses that go into statute must be acceptable to parliamentary draftsmen. Unfortunately, the new clause was tabled rather late in the day—I make no criticism of that—and the response that I received from the parliamentary draftsmen on the new clause came just before the start of the Committee. Their opinion is that there are unresolved problems with the new clause, in terms not of policy but simply of terminology. Most of those problems are technical and I hope and believe that they can be readily addressed. One problem that they identify is that it imposes a statutory duty on authorities, which they say is unacceptably vague. It requires authorities to exercise their functions in ways that would ''complement and support'' the Government's fuel poverty strategy. Parliamentary counsel asks what that would mean in practice. The phraseology is not as clear as it needs to be. If we give people statutory duties, they have to know without dubiety what they are expected to do.
I apologise to members of the Committee that I have unfortunately not had the time to discuss the amendment and its full implications as I would have liked, with the promoter of the Bill and with parliamentary counsel. I was recently abroad on departmental business for a week and we then had the half-term break. I would like to do further work on the new clause and if, as I believe that we can, we find a satisfactory phraseology that builds the eradication of fuel poverty into the Bill—which I favour—I would ask my hon. Friend the Member for Brighton, Kemptown not to press his new clause. I will then withdraw my amendment, with the intention of tabling another new clause on Report that fully meets his policy requirements as well as those of the parliamentary counsel.
|©Parliamentary copyright 2002
|Prepared 26 February 2002


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I saw this post on one of the blog's I subscribe to, Socially Fit and wanted to share it with you. Great information on a delicious and healthy food!
Our rich and creamy little green friend, the avocado, is often given a "bad rap". However, we're here to tell you that this fruit has been underestimated and we'd like to clear things up and show you that underneath that thick alligator green skin, lays a soft textured filling, enriched with nutrients that will benefit you and your health. It's time to dive in and see what this green goddess looks like naked.
Why the Avocado is beneficial for our health
1. It's Fat, but a Good fat!
2. Optimizes absorption of carotenoids, making it important in eye care
3. Supports the immune system
4. Promotes heart health
5. It's an anti-inflammatory
6. Anti-cancer fighting action
7. Promotes blood sugar regulation
8. Helps lower cholesterol
9. Helps in eliminating toxins from the body
10. Great source of fiber
How the Avocado Provides these Benefits
We're not going to lie to you; yes the avocado consists mostly of fat. In fact, the fat content is roughly 85% of its total calories, which is pretty high for a fruit source.
Now the good news! This fat source is at least 50% oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat that is also found in olives and other food sources such as peanuts, pecans, and macadamia nuts. Oleic acid is a fatty acid that helps our digestive tract form transport molecules for fat. This in turn helps increase the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients such as carotenoids, which is also a nutrient found in the avocado.
Carotenoids are mostly found in root vegetables such as carrots and nightshades like red peppers and tomatoes. However, surprise surprise, avocados also contain this important nutrient, which helps with eyesight. The list of carotenoids found in avocados includes beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and more importantly lutein and zeaxanthin. These are important in eye care for those who suffer from degenerative diseases like Glaucoma.
Avocado is also high in selenium and zinc, which are important for the immune system. Furthermore, they contain important antioxidant nutrients, vitamin C and E, which are important in heart health.
Another amazing thing about avocados is that they contain phytosterols. The phytosterols are found in the green creamy part inside the avocado. These include beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. These guys are all key nutrients that help keep inflammation under control and may help with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostate enlargement.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of avocados may also help fight against cancer forming cells. The anti-inflammatory power of the avocado seems to push out cancer cells caused by oxidative stress and replenish our cells to protect them from further damage. Amazing!
Lastly, did you also know that one avocado contains 7.3 grams of fiber? Isn't that amazing! Fiber is a big deal in a healthy diet as it does many jobs like regulating blood sugar, lowering cholesterol, as well as getting rid of those pesky little toxins that accumulate in the wrong places.
Avocado's Nutrient Contributions
Half of a medium avocado contains roughly 138 calories. Keep in mind, calories are not bad if they come from healthy nutrient-rich whole foods. They are bad when we eat too many of them and get them from low quality, nutrient-depleted, processed foods. As for every day eating, you should generally stick to a maximum of ½ an avocado daily to avoid excess fat intake. To avoid browning of the other half of the avocado, squeeze fresh lemon juice on it and store it in the refrigerator in saran wrap or in a glass jar along with its pit.
The recommended daily fat intake depending on your metabolic profile is 40-65 grams daily. Half an avocado contains about 14 grams of fat, which is roughly one-third or one-quarter of your daily fat intake. It also contains 2 grams of protein and 7.5 grams of fiber.
As for vegans and vegetarian, avocados are a helpful way of getting adequate amounts of healthy fat in the diet. Since you are minimizing or eliminating animal products, you will not be getting fat from these sources and therefore need to ensure you get fat from the plant kingdom. Fat is an essential macronutrient and it is unhealthy if we do not consume appropriate amounts. Avocados are a great way to do this.
Pregnant women who do not consume meat can consume at least 1 avocado daily because it is a higher source of healthy fat and it is excellent for new mommies as some swear it helps with morning sickness because of the vitamin B6, which helps curb nausea. It also contains a great amount of folate, which is essential for brain development and vitamin E, an important antioxidant. Its texture makes for a great nutritious sandwich spread during lunch, that's easy to digest.
As part of your diet, avocados can ensure the benefits of a healthy diet and help protect you from diseases. It looks like Mother Nature knew what she was doing when she planted that avocado tree!
Your friends at "Socially Fit"


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Dropbox has started to roll-out its planned overhaul of the photo side of the cloud service, with Pocket-lint being informed that albums and easier sharing options are now available to us.
Back at the end of January, Dropbox revealed its new desktop and browser photo features, but access to them was limited to few - including those who signed up for early access. Now it seems that the promised roll-out is extending across the service's entire subscriber base.
New features added include albums, where you can drag and drop stored photos into self-named sections for easy access. Previously, you had to group pictures into folders, but they can now exist in one folder and be linked to in an album. Effectively, this lets you share an album of holiday photos, for example, without needing to move the images from their original location.
In addition, sharing photos is easier, with a button appearing at the top of the page allowing you to share every image you click on in one batch.
With many handsets offering 50GB of Dropbox storage for free, the new features make the cloud storage service a compelling alternative to Photo Stream and other rival solutions.


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Spooky Math: 7 Halloween Printables
Break out the candy and pumpkin-carving supplies ... Halloween has arrived! Celebrate the spirit of October 31st with this spooky math. Go on a ghost hunt, "buy" last-minute candy with these fourth grade math worksheets.Download All (7)
Download All is only available to Education.com Pro members. Learn More
Click on a worksheet in the set below to see more info or download the PDF.
Calculate the ChangeDownload Worksheet More info
You've got a $5 bill and a hunger for some delicious candy corn. Can you calculate how much change you'll receive from the cashier?
Multiplication and Division Practice: More Ghost HuntingDownload Worksheet More info
Solve the multiplication and division problems and match the answers with the letters they are paired with to help find the location of the ghostly activity.
Calculate the Change 2Download Worksheet More info
Have you ever bought a scarecrow? Imagine you're going to the store to buy one of these festive fall items. Calculate the change you would get back.
Calculate the Change 3Download Worksheet More info
Hey, coin expert! Take a look at this math problem and try to figure out the change you would get back after buying a mask. Are you up for this money challenge?
Multiplication and Division Practice: Ghost HuntDownload Worksheet More info
Solve the multiplication and division problems in this math worksheet then match the answers with the letters they are paired with to solve the spooky riddle.
Calculate the Change 4Download Worksheet More info
It's time to stock up on spooky jack-o'-lanters, but who's going to figure out all the money math involved? Are you up for the challenge?
The set is continued below.
Calculate the Change 5Download Worksheet More info
Practice money math with this Halloween-themed worksheet! Imagine you're buying a glowing skeleton at the store with a $10 bill. How much change will you get?
Want to download this whole set as a single PDF?Download All (7)
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Animal Species:Thresher Shark, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
The extremely long upper lobe of the Thresher Shark's caudal fin is used to herd and stun small fishes upon which the shark feeds.
Standard Common Name
Thresher Shark
Alternative Name/s
Atlantic Thresher, Common Thresher Shark, Fox Shark, Green Thresher, Thintail Thresher
All the thresher sharks (Family Alopiidae) have an extremely long upper lobe of the caudal fin. The Thresher Shark can be recognised by its pointed, pectoral fins, white colouration of the body above the pectoral fins, and other fin characteristics. In life it is blue-grey dorsally and white ventrally.
Three species of thresher sharks are recorded from Australian waters. The Bigeye Thresher Alopias superciliosus, has very large eyes which extend onto the top surface of the head, and a deep groove which runs from behind the eyes to above the gill slits. The Pelagic Thresher, Alopias pelagicus, can be recognised by a combination of characters including fin shapes and colouration. The side of the body above the pectoral fin is dark.
Size range
The Thresher Shark grows to a maximum size of around 5.5 m.
The species has a widespread distribution in temperate and topical waters. In Australia it occurs from southern Queensland to Tasmania, around the south of the country and to the central coast of Western Australia.
The map below shows the Australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in Australian Museums. Source: Atlas of Living Australia.
Distribution by collection data
Ozcam map of Thresher Shark specimens in the Australian Museums.
The species occurs in coastal and oceanic waters. In Australia it occurs in temperate waters from the surface down to about 370 m.
Feeding and Diet
The elongate upper lobe o the tail is used to herd and stun small fishes upon which the shark feeds.
- Species:
- vulpinus
- Genus:
- Alopias
- Family:
- Alopiidae
- Order:
- Lamniformes
- Class:
- Chondrichthyes
- Subphylum:
- Vertebrata
- Phylum:
- Chordata
- Kingdom:
- Animalia
- Last, P.R. & J.D. Stevens. 1994. Sharks and Rays of Australia. CSIRO. Pp. 513, Pl. 1-84.
Mark McGrouther , Collection Manager, Ichthyology
Last Updated:
Tags fishes, ichthyology, Thresher Shark, Alopias vulpinus, Alopiidae, Atlantic Thresher, Common Thresher Shark, Fox Shark, Green Thresher, Thintail Thresher, pointed pectoral fins, white, blue-grey, very large eyes, > 5m, adult, marine, temperate water,


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Aerosmith is an American rock band, sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston" and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band." Founded in 1970, they consist of Steven Tyler (vocals, keyboards, harmonica), Tom Hamilton (bass), Joey Kramer (drums), Joe Perry (guitar, vocals) and Brad Whitford (guitar).
The released their eponymous debut studio album in 1973, which produced the single "Dream On," one of their most popular songs. They have since released fourteen other studio albums.


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Apr 152016
Don Jones recorded on excellent PowerShell series building PowerShell Tools. Below is part one of the series which was recorded at the PowerShell 2016 summit. This video is great for beginners and is also great review for advanced used. Don explains everything in great detail so you understand not only the code but why you should use code in a certain way. Please comment below on anything related to PowerShell.
PowerShell Sites


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Professor Claire Jarvis
Claire Jarvis is an Assistant Professor in the English Department at Stanford University. Her first book, Exquisite Masochism: Sex, Marriage, and the Novel Form was published in 2016 from The Johns Hopkins University Press. She is currently working on a book about women's genre fiction and its scholarly framing, titled A Little Britain: Women, Genre, and Form.


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Ten-Minute Playwriting Competition Submission
"Man cannot live without hope. If it is not engendered by his own convictions and desires, it can easily be fired from without, and by the most meretricious and empty promises." - Eleanore Roosevelt, April 1961, The Atlantic, "What has happened to the American Dream?"
Americans find themselves at a crossroads politically, socially, or economically. Simultaneously more connected than ever before, and more estranged and dispossessed. In an era of fake news, of foreign governments attacking our social media outlets, what are our convictions and desires? What feelings do those convictions and desires engender, if not hope? Are we living without hope? Are we being fired upon by meretricious and empty promises? The American Dream means many different things to many different people. Is the American Dream the spread of democracy across the world? Is it the Jeffersonian concept of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? Is it the promise of upward economic and social mobility?
Bismarck State College Theatre, in collaboration with the Humanities North Dakota, as part of the HumanitiesND year-long "Game Changer Ideas Festival" is pleased to announce a call for brand new ten-minute plays that engage with the question of the American Dream, construed broadly. Plays may be written in any style, set in any time, and may use as many or as few characters as the author wishes. BSC Theatre seeks only brand new, never before produced plays, outside of readings, workshops, and/or festivals. Plays should be no more than ten pages long (exclusive of cover page/dramatis personea), following traditional playwriting format. Plays will be entered into consideration for production during BSC Theatre's annual Short Play Festival in May 2019. If selected for performance, authors agree to provide BSC with performance rights for the duration of the Short Play Festival. Selection of scripts for performance will be at the discretion of a coalition of academics, theatre artists, and members of the ND Humanities Council.
To submit:
Keeping our graduates connected. Supporting students and the campus through giving.
Join the BSC team! Regularly named one of the Top 10 places to work in Bismarck-Mandan.
Bismarck State College
PO Box 5587
1500 Edwards Ave
Bismarck, ND 58506
701-224-5400 or 1-800-445-5073
© 2018 Bismarck State College. All rights reserved


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I met a group of bloggers and they have this activity every month when they decide an ingredient and post a related recipe on 1st of every month. This time they are posting fruit related recipes. They added me to the group and I decided to give it a go. I am not fully prepared btw.
Here is what these amazing bloggers have prepared,
3 eggs
3 cups milk
1 1/2 tbsp vanilla custard powder
1/2 cup brown sugar
3 1/2 cups bread crumbs ( I processed 4-5 white bread slices)
6-7 bananas, sliced
4 cups prepared caramel custard ( see note)
250 ml cream
cinnamon powder, optional
chocolate-syrup, optional
Preheat oven at 180 C. Whisk together eggs, milk, brown sugar and custard powder in a medium mixing bowl. Add bread crumbs. Transfer this mixture into a pyrex dish and bake for 15-20 minutes. It would still appear a little wet. Let cool to room temperature.
Place banana slices over the bread pudding. Layer caramel custard. refrigerate for 1 hour. Spread cream layer. Cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate for 6-8 hours. Layers will set better if refrigerated overnight.
Dust some cinnamon and drizzle chocolate syrup if you like.
for gluten free version:
Layer vanilla flavoured gf cereal, lightly crushed, with sliced bananas. Pour some caramel custard and then cream.
A local brand has just introduced caramel flavoured custard. Use vanilla or any flavour you like.


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Fastener Shanghai
China Fastener Directory
Get it FREE!
Get it FREE!
Latest News
US July Fastener Distributor Index Surges Further, But Indicates Looming Slowdown
Bossard Sales Grew 13% in 2018 First Half
Bossard Sales Grew 13% in 2018 First Half
Company News
Dongtai Huawei to Attend Korea 2017 Metal Week, Booth No. 8a103, Welcome to Visit Us!
Dongtai Huawei to Exhibit at Canton Fair 2018 Spring Session, Booth No.15.3H26, Welcome to Visit Us!


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Chicago-based Venture One Real Estate LLC — through its acquisition fund VK Industrial I LP — has purchased two industrial buildings in Elgin, Ill., totaling 216,717 sq. ft. The buildings, which were acquired in separate transactions, are located at 1875 Holmes Road and 1355 Holmes Road. The sale prices were not disclosed.
These purchases mark the seventh and eight acquisitions of Venture One's VK industrial fund. The fund has acquired 500,000 sq. ft. of industrial property in the Chicago market since opening in September 2010.
The facility at 1875 Holmes Road is a 134,415 sq. ft. manufacturing and distribution building, which is 100% leased to Amtec Precision Products Inc., a subsidiary of Ucal Fuel Systems Ltd.
Amtec is a manufacturer of high-precision metal parts for automotive, diesel engine, and capital equipment and other industrial applications. The company has occupied the building since 1989. The building is fully air-conditioned, includes T-8 lighting throughout the warehouse and includes 170 parking spaces.
1355 Holmes Road is an 82,302 sq. ft. vacant manufacturing and distribution facility. The building, which was built in 1975 and expanded in 1999, sits on 4.56 acres and features clear height ceilings of 18 ft. to 22 ft., up to 147 parking spaces, and a 7,700 amp 277/480 dual power service. The facility is located just south of I-90, approximately one mile from both the Route 31and Randall Road exits.
Venture One will improve the property with the addition of energy-efficient T-5 lights, a new roof, sealed warehouse floors, new HVAC systems, and office renovations. The property will be marketed for lease or sale and is divisible to 39,900 sq. ft. Venture One will appoint Bruce Granger of Grubb & Ellis as the exclusive agent to market the building.
Venture One Real Estate acquires, develops, leases, and manages industrial and office properties on its own behalf and on behalf of investment partners. The company also provides real estate advisory services to buyers and sellers of investment properties and portfolios on a national basis.


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Wanderer Tote - PDF Pattern
A versatile not-to-big, not-too-small, perfect-for-all-your-wanderings tote pattern!
Tote dimensions are: 14" tall x 11.5" wide by 2.5" deep.
This is a digital product that will be emailed to you after purchase.
Included in the digital product are:
- Print at Home PDF file (for 8x10" paper)
- Instruction Booklet with step by step instructions, illustrations, and material list
- Copy Shop file for printing full pattern at 36" wide
- Read Me file with printing instructions
Print at home pattern can be taped together, cut, and ready for immediate use!


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BIRMINGHAM, ALA. — Multi Housing Advisors (MHA) has brokered the sales of two Birmingham apartment communities totaling 506 units. The properties — the 256-unit High Pointe and the 250-unit Brookstone — sold for a total of $21.1 million.
Jimmy Adams, Managing Director for MHA who oversees the firm's Birmingham office, represented the seller, Ruffner Mountain, in both of the transactions. A Michigan-based LLC purchased the two properties.
Both sales were loan assumptions, closing in 60 days or less from application, and the transactions mark the buyer's first purchases in Alabama. High Pointe sold for $13 million, Brookstone for $8.1 million.
With the closings, MHA's Birmingham office has completed 20 investment sales this year. MHA, which also has offices in Atlanta and Charlotte and completes deals throughout the South, is aiming to close 100 transactions in 2013.
"The number of apartment sales that we've completed this year is a powerful indication of the ongoing demand for multifamily investments as well as our ability to find the right buyers for our clients' properties," Adams said. "With the apartment sector poised to continue to thrive in the near future, we anticipate the pace of activity to remain brisk as well."
High Pointe and Brookstone were built in 1974 and 1983, respectively.
MHA recently expanded its Charlotte office and intends to open additional offices in the South. The firm has made a number of significant new hires over the past year as well, adding experienced brokers to expand its geographic reach and to take advantage of the increasing volume of multifamily investment sales.
About Multi Housing Advisors:
Multi Housing Advisors (MHA) has become known as a solid leader in the multi housing industry. The company, founded in 2002, was established to bring a focused brokerage platform to growing markets throughout the Southeast. Since that time, MHA has created value for clients in virtually every sector of the multi-housing market. The MHA team works hard to build and enhance value by leveraging strong attention to detail, accessing an active investor base and capitalizing on its vast market knowledge in ways that benefit every aspect of the transaction process.
MHA enjoys a total sales transaction volume that has surpassed $2.4 billion, representing more than 75,000 units and more than 450 individual transactions. MHA serves local, regional and national clients and has become known for its effective multi-office platform, excellent transaction history and rapid growth.
For more information, visit www.usmha.com.
For More Information, Contact:
Stephen Ursery
The Wilbert Group
[email protected]


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Dalmuir Library , Lennox Place, Dalmuir, Clydebank, G81 4LX
6 week course, FREE.
These sessions are aimed at anyone who owns or is thinking of buying an Android tablet computer.
The six week course is an ideal follow on course for those who attend the 'Buyers Guide to Tablet Computers' session or if you already have a Tablet PC but don't really know how to use it.
The course will guide you through the basics of setting up and navigating your tablet and then take you through some practical uses of the tablet including:
Not suitable for iPads. iPad users should refer to the iPad Workshop sessions.
When booking please specify the course, venue, date and time you require
You can apply for a place in a number of ways,
If you have any problems applying for a course or require further information please email email@example.com or call 01389 772132.


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Minimizing contamination risks in sterile gowning
Strict cleanroom cleanliness and sterility is a priority in some lifesciences industries like pharmaceutical manufacturing. If contaminated with microorganisms, products manufactured in sterile cleanrooms must be scrapped — a costly proposition in any economy.
Microorganisms introduced into a cleanroom environment need only three things to grow: moisture, food, and temperature — all of which exist in a cleanroom. Consequently, all incoming air, water, chemicals, and materials must be filtered or sterilized to meet high standards of purity and microbiological control, so as not to contaminate processes or products in production. Also to be "filtered," in a sense, is the cleanroom operator, who, most will agree, is the dirtiest thing to enter a cleanroom.
Consider the following:
- One square inch of hand surface has an average of 10,000 microorganisms.
- Every square inch of the human body has an average of 32 million bacteria on it.
- Every minute of the day, people lose about 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin cells off the surface of their skin.
- Even when stationary, people generate approximately 100,000 particles of 0.3 microns or greater. On the move, this rises to approximately 5 million.
Keeping the operator's dirt and germs out of the sterile cleanroom environment and away from sensitive products and processes is the main objective of the sterile cleanroom suit. The suit needs to protect the environment from viable particles such as bacteria and yeasts, and non-viable particles such as hair, dead skin cells, and dandruff. To that end, it is critical for cleanroom operators to select cleanroom suits that provide not only the highest levels of inherent sterility, but also the greatest chances of maintaining that sterility through the gowning process.
Although there are no federal regulations for sterile cleanroom garments used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and other sterile environments, guidance is available from The Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST), which publishes a recommended practice IEST-RP-CC003.3, "Garment Considerations for Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments." The recommended practice provides guidance for the selection of fabric, garment construction, cleaning and maintenance of cleanroom garments, and testing of cleanroom apparel for use in aseptic and non-aseptic cleanrooms.
While cleanroom garments can either be disposable or reusable, according to industry analysts, most sterile facilities will opt for disposable garments due to contamination concerns relating to reusable garments returned from laundering facilities. In some companies, disposables may be used at some locations and reusables at others. This can depend on the classes of the various cleanrooms at different locations.
Disposable garments may be easier to manage from a cost standpoint as well, since the price for reusable garments often carry "hidden" charges such as delivery and pick-up fees (and related energy surcharges), lost/unused garment charges, laundering and sterilization charges, and more.
For the past 40+ years, disposable cleanroom suits have been made from flash-spun polyethylene fabric. According to industry analysts, flash-spun polyethylene provides filtration efficiency for sub-micron sized particles and microorganisms and is suitable for light splash protection from non-hazardous liquids.
Disposable suits also can be made from spunbondmeltblown- spunbond (SMS) fabric, which has outer layers of spunbond polypropylene for strength and cloth-like comfort, with middle layers composed of a matrix of microfibers, which creates a torturous path for fine particles and liquids.
Reusable cleanroom suits are typically made from woven polyester-blend fabrics, which may degrade after multiple laundering and sterilization cycles.
Most operators in a sterile cleanroom environment will wear three to four disposable suits in a day, each suit being worn for two to three hours at a time. Often, cleanroom protocol dictates that garment changes must be made each time the cleanroom is re-entered. Once discarded, these suits can be incinerated, or they can be re-purposed for non-sterile applications.
Cleanroom garments in the U.S. may be sterilized via several methods, including gamma irradiation, ebeam sterilization and ETO sterilization. Gamma sterilization is widely considered to be the most costeffective method. The desired Sterility Assurance Level (SAL) for garments to be used in sterile pharmaceutical manufacturing is 10-6, which translates into a one-in-a-million probability of a garment being nonsterile. Once sterile, cleanroom suits must be packaged in a way that this sterility is maintained throughout handling, transportation and storage.
Ask any cleanroom operator and chances are he or she will find something about sterile gowns that could be improved. In fact, Kimberly-Clark Professional did just that, spending the better part of two years interviewing cleanroom operators, visiting them in their workplaces and evaluating the features and functions of traditional sterile cleanroom gowns to identify areas in which there was potential room for improvement.
Key findings of that research:
- The sterile cleanroom gowning process takes between five and ten minutes for the vast majority of cleanroom operators.
- Almost one-third of cleanroom operators indicate that cleanroom coveralls are the most difficult part of the six-step gowning process, and that donning coveralls takes an average of 30 percent of the entire gowning process time.
- Cleanroom operators are disposing of an average of 10 percent of their sterile cleanroom garments every week due to exterior contamination during the gowning process.
- Most new cleanroom operators need 30 hours of initial training on cGMP donning procedures before they are allowed in the cleanroom itself, and an average of six hours of ongoing training each week.
- More than 50 percent of cleanroom operators reported garments rippling out or billowing due to poor fit.
- One-third of cleanroom operators report being unsure of their garment's sterility due to the appearance of its packaging.
- Approximately 87 percent of cleanroom operators would consider switching to a new garment if it was more comfortable and offered less risk of contamination.
The issue of garment comfort was also addressed. Scientific research in the workplace has revealed that a moderate variation in body temperature can greatly reduce concentration and increase risk-inducing behavior. Workers unable to maintain a thermo-neutral zone, or comfort zone, have a higher tendency to become injured and need time off from work, thus reducing productivity. In fact, more than 40 percent of cleanroom operators polled during Kimberly-Clark's research report employees need to exit the cleanroom due to overheating on a regular basis.
A multi-functional product development team set out to design a new approach to sterile gowning that would eliminate the problems identified during the research described above. The resulting sterile gowning technology provides the following features:
- A patent-pending snap system with built-in snaps that gather up legs and arms to lower the risk of the garment touching the floor, then automatically release them as the garment is put on. This eliminates problems associated with traditional cleanroom garments, in which the garments' arms and legs typically dangle freely as the operator dons the garment, thus increasing the chance that those dangling arms and legs may touch the floor, thus contaminating the garment. This problem with traditional garments is particularly acute with individuals who are on the shorter, yet portlier side, meaning they often have to go up one garment size and therefore would have an even more difficult time keeping the longer dangling arms and legs of the garment from touching the floor.
- An innovative inside-out fold pattern that presents the inside of the garment as the package is opened, reducing the risk of touching and contaminating the outside of the apparel.
- A highly visible blue line along the inside of the garment that signals the proper place to grasp while gowning, helping workers avoid touching the exterior of the garment.
- Thumb loops that help keep the garment from riding up the arm and help to maintain the glove/garment interface.
- A unique process to package the new garments for sterility assurance. The technology uses a vacuum seal process to allow the breathable SMS fabric to be sterilized with gamma irradiation. The unique look and irradiation indicators on each package help to confirm irradiation and sterility.
- A roomy design that is less likely to rip out than ANSI minimums since it provides twelve percent more chest room and six percent longer body length. At the same time, the garments' elastic waist and back reduce loose-fitting material that could contact work surfaces or billow out, forcing air to exit the garment at its extremities.
- An SMS material that provides a cloth-like feel and is 25 times more breathable than TYVEK.
Sharing and evaluating new garments and donning concepts with cleanroom operators is crucial to ensuring that a new approach will be successful. It is especially important to share garment samples with a cross-section of users of different body shapes and sizes.
Another necessary step when validating a new sterile cleanroom gown is to carefully review the garment's certification. Be sure to ask the garment supplier for the following:
- Certificates of Conformance – these verify that a specific product lot conforms to all specifications before the lot is released. Physical characteristics should be tested in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. Particles should be tested in accordance with relevant IEST standards.
- Certificates of Irradiation – these document the minimum and maximum dosage of irradiation that a product received. Look for sterilization validation documentation that confirms that the doses have been verified, the loading patterns were sufficient, and that the process is audited on a regular basis.
A variety of functions will need to be involved in the approval process for a new cleanroom gown. First, safety must approve the use of a new product. Each local safety officer must ensure that the product will not violate any EPA or OSHA regulations or permits. Any changes to processes are also concerns for regulatory personnel, as they may impact the company's FDA license. After acceptance by safety and regulatory, quality must be included and will play a key role in testing and accepting the new product or process. Quality assurance personnel are involved in reviewing all of the procedures and process records, testing the product to ensure its sterility, and approving the final selection based on the data. The quality control organization will inspect all incoming sterile products, policing the environment and reporting the result. The purchasing department is the final step in the process and often provides rubber-stamp approval for ordering the products already accepted by the other players.
Many companies with sterile cleanrooms will conduct a new garment validation process that can take up to nine months, during which time the new garments would be worn in a controlled area, though not necessarily in the actual cleanroom in which the garment is designed to be worn.
In many companies, a new sterile gown also will need to undergo testing on three lots before validating and approving it. In some cases, a change to the standards of practice for that environment will also be required.
Many users will assess a garment's sterility on-site by using contact plates or swabs containing a nutrient media. To formally validate gamma- or e-beamirradiated garments for sterility assurance levels, use ANSI/AAMI/ISO 1137-1994 "Sterilization of Health Care Products – Requirements for Validation and Routine Control – Radiation Sterilization" and ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11737-1-1995 "Sterilization of Medical Devices – Microbiological Methods – Part 1: Estimation of Population of Microorganisms on Products."
Validating a new sterile cleanroom garment is not a task to be undertaken lightly, and should only be considered when a new approach can help improve the gowning process, reduce opportunities for operator error, and minimize the risk of contamination.
Damon Larkin is Product Marketing Leader, Cleanroom Apparel, Kimberly-Clark Professional.


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FileMaker version 12
FileMaker, www.filemaker.com/au
Heaps of new features; simpler and better looking than ever; 16 templates; 64-bit Server versions; Go 12 apps are free
.fmp12 files are not backwards-compatible
Pro 12, $419 (upgrade $249); Pro 12, Advanced $669 (upgrade $419); Server 12, $1429 (upgrade $839); Server 12 Advanced, $4339 (upgrade $2609); Go 12 for iPhone or iPad, free. (All prices are estimated retail)
FileMaker today released its latest product range comprising FileMaker Pro 12 and FileMaker Pro 12 Advanced, FileMaker Server 12 and FileMaker Server 12 Advanced, FileMaker Go 12 for iPhone and FileMaker Go 12 for iPad.
In this review I'll be looking at the main new features in FileMaker Pro 12. The Advanced version adds a number of features for developers and seasoned users to streamline application development. Bento 4, the personal database for Mac, iPhone and for iPad is not involved in this new release.
When you first open up FMP 12 the QuickStart screen lists your recent files and favourites and provides links to video tutorials, hands-on tutorials and the FileMaker forum.
It also offers you three choices to open or create a file. The first option is to create a database from scratch. Not overly difficult, but you would need some experience in creating and defining fields. The second option allows you to create a FileMaker database from an existing Excel, Tab Delimited, Comma Separated, Merge or Bento file. Choose this option, find the file you want to base your new database on and presto, you have an FMP12 version.
If you're opening a file created in a previous version (.fmp7) FileMaker asks you if you want to convert and then saves it as .fmp12. You can then do a makeover if you wish using one of the new layout themes. I tried his with an old inventory from FMP 10. It converted in seconds and I prettied it up with a new style – Bamboo – which is becoming my favourite.
One caveat – although my original still exists, my converted file will now only be compatible with FMP12 or subsequent versions.
The third option is to use one of the 16 new Starter Solutions. These are predesigned templates from a typical list of database genres – contacts, event management schedules, inventories, invoices, personnel records, product catalogues and projects.
Make your choice and FileMaker instantly presents you with the first record in your new database, professionally laid out and tastefully designed. And with the fields you're most likely to need in your selected category.
A '?' button gives helpful information and tips on how to use the Solution you have chosen. Each Solution has separate iPhone and iPad layouts optimised for touchscreens for linking to FileMaker Go 12.
If you want to make any adjustments, change to Layout view, select Change Theme from the Layouts menu and make your choice from 40 new customised themes.
If you're still not satisfied, you can adjust, add or delete fields, change colours, fonts and so on by hand. Perhaps boost your brand recognition by using your company's individual font and colour specifications using the floating Inspector palette.
You can now control the appearance of button states – normal, focus, hover, pressed. New design tools include dynamic grids and alignment guides and image slicing to keep everything firmly in place. Gradient fills add a nice touch of sophistication.
The charting feature of FileMaker has been a strong point in recent versions. Version 12 now offers five new styles – stacked bar, stacked column, bubble, positive/negative and scatter. Simply drag the Chart button to create a new field, choose a chart style, select the data you want to display and how you want to display it and voilà, stunning chart. Again there is an extensive range of customisation options.
In response to the growing proliferation of multimedia files FileMaker 12 has beefed-up container fields into which you can now drag and drop video, audio, photos and videos, as well as Excel, PowerPoint and PDF files. These fields can be made interactive, say if you have a PDF that you want to scroll through, zoom in on or copy text from rather than view as a static image. Or a high-def video you want to stream on the fly if you are running FileMaker Server.
And if you choose to link to external files rather than import them directly into the database, FileMaker now arranges these for you and generates thumbnails automatically. This 'offsite data parking' speeds up data flow markedly and is a significant new feature.
To complement these changes FileMaker Server versions are now 64-bit which allows for greater RAM cache which, in turn, speeds up access to data. This gives a significant speed bump over wide area networks especially handling large databases with streaming multimedia content.
FileMaker Go 12, separate apps for iPad and iPhone, are free (that's right!) from the App Store and can link your iOS device to any database you have created in FileMaker Pro 12 so you can take it with you on the road.
I dropped a contacts database I'd created on my Mac on to my iPad via iTunes. It was very easy and there are a number of other ways of doing it. iOS integration is a key to the future and making Go 12 free (the previous version was $41.99) makes a lot of sense.
So much for the new kids on the block. If you're thinking of joining the family, let's meet the parents. FileMaker Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apple Inc. The company was founded in 1998 although the software itself has deeper roots.
It is the leading easy-to-use database worldwide and has currently shipped around 18 million units. Due mainly to this usability, the fact that it runs on both Mac and Windows and is a unified platform which speeds development, it has turned a profit in every quarter of its existence.
Its user base includes 70 of the Fortune 100 companies, 10,000 schools worldwide, and 50 of the largest US universities. Forty percent of FileMaker users come from the small business sector, over 4000 government departments are on board and it has a significant stake in the growing not-for-profit (NFP) sector.
As a FileMaker user you will have access to a worldwide network of independent developers who have engineered over 1300 solutions across a wide range of industries. The FileMaker Community includes technical network members, Business Alliance members whose main focus is FileMaker products and services, training companies and user groups.
There is an Annual Developer Conference and 20 independent FileMaker websites with resources for all members of the community. So if you are new to FileMaker or considering switching, you will be moving into a very stable, well-supported global environment.
I joined the family way back around the time of FileMaker 4 in 1997. Even in those days it was delightfully easy to use, so when a colleague complained about her cataloguing software I suggested FileMaker as an alternative.
The package she was using was very expensive, Windows only, and with an extremely complex and quirky interface. This was a major problem because she relied on volunteers to do the majority of the data input and the interface was basically turning them off. Within an hour with FileMaker we had a simplified data entry layout with restful background colours, larger readable fonts, drop-down menus and simple tabbing from field to field. The volunteers returned.
We often form judgements about a database after the data has been entered and forget that ease of data entry is very important – especially in the NFP sector which relies heavily on volunteers. Simplicity and amenity are critical, which is where FileMaker has long excelled. The new layout features in version 12 are a continuation of this successful tradition.
But does this emphasis on elegance and style contradict the view that databases are utilitarian and don't really need to look beautiful? Of course it does. As all Apple users know aesthetics are a key component of the brand. Just as elegant hardware enhances the user experience so does smoothly functioning, pleasant-looking software. Because something is utilitarian it doesn't have to be ugly. If you want ugly please go elsewhere.
Another key FileMaker advantage is its unified and simplified development environment which significantly saves time and costs compared to traditional fragmented development tool sets. Somewhat similar to the previous discussion on aesthetics, there is a persistent school of thought in the IT industry which equates difficulty with value.
The harder something is to use the better it must be. Ease-of-use is dismissed as an indication that a software package is not designed for serious application, completely disregarding the elegant and complex design processes that have produced such a product. Simplicity is often more difficult to achieve than the alternative.
Macworld Australia's buying advice.
By further simplifying the creation of even more beautiful and powerful databases in the hands of ordinary users FileMaker's release of the version 12 product suite is a significant new milestone along an already impressive journey. And it ain't over yet.


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Residence hall lounges and outdoor public areas are available for reservation by residents; Resident Student Organizations (RSOs); and University departments and offices for social, recreational and educational activities. Representatives who make reservations will assume responsibility for the care and security of the space, including managing the behavior of guests who are present for the event.
To ensure that all lounges and outdoor public areas are reserved appropriately and fairly, each Residence Hall Coordinator or Hall Director is responsible for regulating the use of the lounges in their halls. Groups interested in reserving a specific space controlled by Residence Life & Housing should contact the appropriate staff member.
In addition to lounge spaces within each residence hall, Residence Hall Coordinators are authorized to approve outdoor reservations for the following areas:
When Residence Hall Coordinators, Hall Directors or Area/Complex Coordinators authorize the use of lounge and outdoor residence hall public areas, the following will apply:


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Stanley 43-624 FatMaxXtreme™ Box Beam Level - 24"
List Price: $52.46
You Save: $22.52 (43%)
Part Number: 43-624 UPC: 076174436242 Weight: 1.7
• Durable, box-beam construction made of aluminum is up to 5x stronger than other Stanley® levels.
• Solid block vials provide accuracy of 0.0005in/in (0.5mm/m).
• Dual machined leveling surfaces for improved accuracy.
• Magnified center open top read vial for improved visibility.
• Non-marring, shock-absorbing rubber end caps.
• Bi-material hand grips for comfort are screwed into the frame for durability.


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Carpool in an eco-friendly way!
Search for carpool routes
euroKM.com – the website, designed for all Europe's travelers by car in their cities, as well as between cities and countries. If you are going to carpool, and if you have some vacant seats in your car, offer them in this carpooling website. Carpooling advertisements in euroKM.com are placed for free.
We are interested not only in the lowest car pollution and environmental damage. Our website also invites you to communicate, find fellow-travellers and congenials.
Every year, September 19, a campaign "In Town without My Car" takes place in around 1500 cities all over Europe, while September 19-22, a European Mobility Week is celebrated as well.
We encourage parents who drive their children to schools and kindergartens to cooperate and offer their help of giving a ride for other children, which can be done online euroKM.com (carpooling/rideshare).


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- 27
How to Make Popsicles WITHOUT Molds
If you're like me and can't afford, find or have room for fancy popsicle molds, you'll be happy to find out that making frozen treats is easy using materials you already have at home. I've been making my own popsicles for years without a popsicle...
- 5
Strawberry Guavas - Sweet, Tangy and Good for You
A few weeks ago, our strawberry guava trees were covered in hundreds of fruits, and we were struggling to eat them all. So, I did what any resourceful modern cook would do: I preserved them. In this case I decided to make fruit leather in my...
- 5
How to Cover Grey Hair - 10 Natural Gray Hair Remedies
I've researched and tried many grey hair home remedies since I found my first grey hair at 17. I love natural home remedies, and there are many easy and effective ones for grey hair. On this page, I'll introduce you to my favourite 10 ways to cover...
- 9
Using an Unripe Avocado : Recipes, Tips & Ideas
We've all been there - you've cut open an avocado thinking it was ripe, only to discover it's still too hard to eat. Don't despair! There are many great ways you can use unripe avocados.
- 4
Magnesium Chloride Flakes - 5 Ways to Use Them to Transform Your Health
Magnesium is all the rage lately, but most people only know about magnesium oil and tablets. Here are 5 easy, cheap ways to use magnesium flakes to make your own therapeutic products.
- 11
Top 5 Baby Carriers That Pass the Hot Weather Test
I'm a babywearing addict who lives in the tropics & has tried dozens of baby carriers. Here are the best of the best for hot weather, personally tested by me.
- 49
10 Cool Uses for Pineapple Skins
From pot-pourri to sun tea and the most effective foot scrub ever, pineapple skins have some amazing uses. So don't throw them out! Next time you eat a pineapple, save the peels for these cool ideas
- 8
Cheeseless Pizza Recipes - 15 Mouthwatering Topping Ideas
Whether you're lactose intolerant, vegan, or just didn't have the time to go grocery shopping, I've got some delicious cheeseless pizza ideas here for you. A pizza without cheese doesn't have to be boring. In fact, getting rid of it leaves room for...
- 20
The Learning Tower or Kitchen Helper: Which is Better?
Both the Learning Tower and Kitchen Helper help your child reach the kitchen bench and work up high safely. But they are very different. Here's my handy guide to the pros and cons of each brand.
- 261
20 Ways to Use Avocado Seeds
Who knew there were so many things to do with an avocado pit? Use them for cooking, beauty, craft projects, health benefits, and more!
- 20
Chayote Health Benefits & Recipes
Whether you call it a christophine, choko, merleton or pear squash, you're sure to appreciate its creamy, dense texture, versatility and health benefits. Do you eat chayote? If you don't, you'll soon know how to prepare it by following the simple...
- 23
Delicious Canned Sardine Recipes
These recipes using cheap, healthy and delicious canned sardines are so good you'll totally forget about tuna. Promise.


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The all new Rock 'n' Roll Dublin 2017 app is now available to download.
With the app, not only will you receive all the latest news and event updates but you and your friends will be able to track your progress live. Receive your split times and finishing time instantly, and share directly onto your social media feed.
Download the app today from the App Store or Google Play


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Series: Korck Bird and Natural History Poster Series
By: Jonathan Kingdon(Illustrator)
colour illustrations, size: 594 × 900 mm, double-laminated
This poster illustrates 118 species of African land mammals whose futures as species are uncertain. The illustrations are by Jonathan Kingdon, and also appeared in The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals.
From the author of East African Mammals this wonderful guide combines...
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Americans Will Tolerate a Variety of In-Laws. One Exception: Atheists.
A new study from the Pew Research Center shows that political polarization in the United States has reached levels only seen during the Civil War, but when it comes to our own families, we're not quite as divided. One of the questions Pew asks to gauge how seriously people are taking their identity politics these days is how upset would you be if an immediate family member—say, a child or a sibling—married someone outside of your identity parameters. The good news: Americans are okay with their family members marrying someone who isn't in their "tribe."
There are all different kinds of tribes, of course. When it came, for instance, to the question of how you'd feel if your family member married someone with a different party affiliation, the vast majority of Americans responded that they'd feel either "happy" or that it "doesn't matter." Even for strict partisans, this was mostly true. Strong conservatives approved of a family member marrying a Democrat 70 percent of the time and strong liberals approved of marrying a Republican 78 percent of the time. Similar numbers turned up for identity markers like "gun ownership" or "went to college," with most people being indifferent to these factors when it comes to bringing new people to family holiday dinners.
Other good news is that opposition to interracial marriage, at least overt opposition, is also fairly low, with only 11 percent of Americans balking at the idea of a new family member of a different race. (How likely you are to bothered by racial mixing rose with levels of conservatism, with only one percent of strong liberals opposing interracial marriage and 23 percent of strong conservatives doing so.) And Americans are even more welcoming to foreigners, with only 7 percent of respondents opposing marriage to someone born and raised outside of the U.S.
There's one group, however, that continues to cause fear and loathing across the land: atheists. From Pew:
Though Pew does not dig into this, the anomalous hostility to atheists above pretty much all other groups likely speaks more to ignorance than hatefulness. Most non-believers don't really talk about it much in their day-to-day life, because why would you? That means that most believers may think, probably incorrectly, that they don't know any atheists, which makes it easier for ugly stereotypes to fill in the blanks. Perhaps the growing movement of visible atheists will help erode some of the fearful ignorance and provide a few families with a path out of grace before Thanksgiving dinner. All the atheists I know are all for digging right into the food.


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|"William A. Rowe, Jr." <wr...@covalent.net>
|Only ONE back-compat hole discovered.
|Thu, 27 Jun 2002 04:03:17 GMT
Well, I did it today. Plugged in libapr tagged APACHE_2_0_39 into an APACHE_2_0_35 and APACHE_2_0_36 libaprutil + httpd. Of course we changed the bucket semantics and behavior too much to actually bring libaprutil up to the 2.0.39 rev. This was a plug-in, binary compatibility experiment. And as they were fond of saying on the SCN Celebrety All Star Blowup... "She Blowed Up Real Good!!!" There was only -one- major problem, and we reveal, for the first time on this world-wide circulated devlist, exactly who the guilty party was! It all comes down to this, if you introduce a transparent type, you have doomed APR's backwards and forwards compatibility. No bugs can be fixed, no hassles resolved. You stick us, collectively, in the mud. As it was, I simply had to recompile the original libaprutil code against the new 2.0.39 headers. But after spending a s*load of time getting the 2.0.39 and forward releases compatible back to 2.0.35, this was a pretty stunning disappointment that we couldn't just drop in a current libapr. Fortunately, libhttpd did not require any rebuild at all. So it can be done if we all pull together to maintain binary compatibility. Platform specific faults can be eliminated by simply replacing the known good update for that platform. No longer is an application doomed to being rebuilt. Of course, as we macro-enhance things, we tightly couple the app that uses those dirty macro wrappers to that version of the library. This should become an optional feature, wherein the app author agrees that they will keep distributing apr and apr-foo libraries that their application was rebuilt against. It isn't pleasant, but that's the price of faster interop with APR. So now, as promised, the OGPs [official guilty parties]. This information is only now being revealed in hopes that the offending coders will pull this transparent type and illicit sharing of allocation sizes from the public headers, and leave future generations with less risky declarations that won't break binary compat :-) 85 apr_memnode_t *next; 86 striker 1.6 apr_memnode_t **ref; 87 jwoolley 1.3 apr_uint32_t index; 88 striker 1.6 apr_uint32_t free_index; 89 jwoolley 1.3 char *first_avail; 90 char *endp; 91 }; 92 93 #define APR_MEMNODE_T_SIZE APR_ALIGN_DEFAULT(sizeof(apr_memnode_t))
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