text:
In case you're wondering if you should get your pet fixed or perhaps persuade the neighbor next door whose pet keeps having litter after litter, here are a few good reasons to spay and neuter
Snip N' Chip – Low Cost Spay and Neuter Services
At the CCSPCA, we understand that people realize the importance of altering their animals. We also understand that many cannot afford the fees. Snip N Chip is a low-cost spay and neuter program is for those people who want to prevent the cycle of unwanted animals, yet simply don't have the means.
According to the Humane Society of the United States, there are between six and eight million cats and dogs entering American shelters every year. Three to four million of these animals are euthanized. This crisis is a direct result of animals left unaltered in our communities.
Our Snip N Chip program is for low-income pet owners and offers low cost spay/neuter services. If you qualify, the cost for these services is only $35 per pet (4 pets total per person) and includes a free microchip.
To Qualify
Must present a check stub, award letter, or other form of income statement proving total monthly income for the entire household.
Numbers of persons / Total income
- 1. $1300
- 2. $1600
- 3. $1900
- 4. $2200
- 5. $2500
* Add $300 for each extra person
The pet must be a minimum of 4 months and current on vaccines or 6 months of age or older with no up-to-date vaccines (vaccines will be provided the day of surgery- DHPP and Rabies for dogs and FVRCP for cats if needed, for an additional cost). Surgery will not be performed on pets 6 years of age or older.
- Provide an income statement, pet vaccine records (if any), and your ID to the CCSPCA Adoption Center Front Desk staff to be processed for the low cost program, where they'll provide you with a receipt (the service must be paid for in advance).
- Copies of the above items MUST be submitted in person. Copies sent by mail, email or fax are NOT acceptable.
- Make an appointment with the CCSPCA Spay Neuter Services Clinic. The surgery can be scheduled in person or by phone at (559) 233-7722 ext 114 or 115. Surgeries are booked on Thursdays, 7:30-8:00a.m.
- Pet pick-up is same day. You will receive a call that everything went well and the time for pick up.
If you are interested in qualifying for the Snip N Chip program, email email@example.com or call (559) 233-7722 ext 116 or 125.
Through our Snip N Chip low cost spay and neuter program, we are giving back to both people and animals in our community.
Here are some things that you can do to help!
- Donate to the Snip N Chip program.
- Use your voice to support Government support of spay/neuter funding.
- Sponsor a spay/neuter for an animal looking for a home. This is a general fund that can help an animal in need by reducing adoption fees (individual animals cannot be selected).
- Learn the true benefits of spay/neuter for animals and the community.
- Only bring an animal into your life/home if they come from a shelter/rescue because they spay/neuter first.
- Learn more about the true situations for animals in your community including the real solutions.
- Volunteer at our animal center.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Infant Hospitalizations for Pertussis Before and After Tdap Recommendations for Adolescents
OBJECTIVE: Recent universal vaccination efforts among children in the United States have markedly changed hospitalization patterns for many vaccine-preventable diseases. Infants with pertussis often require hospitalization to monitor for potentially life-threatening respiratory failure. In 2006, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination was recommended for universal administration to adolescents, a known source of pertussis in infants. By 2011, 78% of adolescents in the United States had received Tdap. We sought to understand if patterns of pertussis hospitalization for infants changed with adoption of Tdap vaccination among adolescents.
METHODS: Infants (aged <1 year) diagnosed with pertussis were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample by using diagnostic codes. We used variance-weighted least-squares regression over preimplementation years (2000–2005) to estimate pertussis hospitalization patterns if Tdap had not been available. We compared expected hospitalization rates with observed rates for 2008–2011. Two years (2006 and 2007) were excluded from analysis during early Tdap implementation.
RESULTS: The incidence of hospitalization for pertussis in 2000 was 5.82 (95% confidence interval: 4.51–7.13) discharges per 10 000 infants in the US population. The rate increased during pre-Tdap years by a mean of 0.64 pertussis discharges per 10 000 infants per year (P for trend = .004). Observed hospitalization rates for pertussis among infants were significantly lower than expected in 2008, 2009, and 2011, but in 2010 the observed and expected rates of hospitalization were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent Tdap vaccination appears to be partially effective in preventing pertussis hospitalizations among infants. However, broader Tdap immunization coverage may be necessary to achieve sustainable reductions in infant pertussis burden.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- confidence interval
- DTaP —
- diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis
- diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
- length of stay
- Nationwide Inpatient Sample
- Tdap —
- tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis
What's Known on This Subject:
Pertussis rates are on the rise in the United States. Infants often require hospitalization for pertussis. Vaccination can change hospitalization patterns for vaccine-preventable diseases. It is unknown if vaccinating adolescents for pertussis (recommended in 2006) might change infant hospitalization utilization.
What This Study Adds:
Universal vaccination policy among adolescents against pertussis appears to have been effective in 3 of the 4 years we examined postvaccination. Further vaccination efforts among adolescents and adults are needed to prevent infantile hospitalization on a more consistent basis.
Early childhood vaccination programs directly benefit young children by reducing hospitalization for severe illness and provide benefit to other populations (eg, adolescents and adults) by lowering overall disease burden.1,2 In contrast, the extent to which infants may benefit from vaccination among older individuals has not been established. The recommendation of universal pertussis vaccination for adolescents beginning in 20063 presents an opportunity to examine this question. Although pertussis vaccine has been widely available in the United States since the 1940s and cases of pertussis among children reached a nadir in the 1970s, increasing rates of pertussis in the United States over the last 20 years have led to Bordetella pertussis being one of the most prevalent vaccine-preventable infections in the United States.4,5 Newborns and young infants are more susceptible than other age groups to severe illness and even death from pertussis.6,7 Infants are known to acquire pertussis from adolescent and adult contacts,6,8,9 whose own early childhood vaccination against pertussis does not provide sustained immunity.9 In fact, older siblings have been implicated as the source of infection for as many as one-half of infant pertussis cases.10
Initial analyses after implementation of adolescent vaccination suggested no change in infant pertussis prevalence.11 However, these analyses compared trends in pertussis illness during the tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) period with patterns of pertussis incidence as far back as 1990, which differ in key respects from current circumstances. First, infant pertussis vaccination before 1997 was with whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) rather than diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP); the latter likely confers differing protection than the former.5,12,13 Second, vaccination coverage rates for children receiving at least 4 doses of DTP/DTaP did not consistently reach current levels (>80%) until 1996.14
Moreover, characterizing the burden of pertussis that causes morbidity severe enough to prompt hospitalization and even death is highly relevant to practitioners. The rates of clinically severe disease among infants in the context of increasing national pertussis incidence are unknown, and it is unclear if the introduction of the universal vaccine recommendations for adolescents is associated with a change in hospitalization rates for infants with pertussis.
We sought to (1) characterize hospitalization rates for infants with pertussis before and after universal recommendations for adolescent Tdap and (2) describe the clinical characteristics and hospital charges associated with infantile pertussis hospitalization.
Study Population
We obtained data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)15 and the US Census Bureau. The NIS, developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, is the largest all-payer annual database including hospitalizations from across the United States, and has been used in multiple peer-reviewed studies to examine year-by-year hospital care patterns.1,16–19 We used the NIS rather than the Kids' Inpatient Database, released every 3 years, to examine year-by-year trends.
Infants (<1 year old) diagnosed with pertussis were identified in the NIS as having International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes 033.0, 033.8, 033.9, or 484.3 as 1 of the first 15 diagnoses recorded (ie, principal diagnosis and as many as 14 secondary diagnoses). We calculated population-adjusted annual rates of pertussis hospitalization as hospital discharges per 10 000 infants in the US population in each calendar year by using data from the US Census Bureau for the denominator.20
Primary Analyses
Similar to methods published elsewhere,19 we used variance-weighted least-squares regression over the prerecommendation years (2000–2005) to estimate expected population-adjusted pertussis hospitalization patterns in 2008 to 2011 for infants if Tdap vaccination had not been recommended for adolescents. Incidence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated by using postregression marginal means. We then compared these expected estimates with pertussis hospitalization rates observed in national hospitalization data. We excluded 2 years (2006 and 2007) from analyses during initiation of Tdap vaccination for adolescents. By 2008, >40% of adolescents had been vaccinated with Tdap. We also performed a sensitivity analysis without excluding 2006 and 2007 by using interrupted time-series methods21 (see Supplemental Information for details).
We used sample-weighted data from the NIS throughout all analyses, to permit national inferences. Additionally, we compared NIS hospitalization data to surveillance data obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System22 over the study period to place our findings in the context of natural peak-and-trough cycles in pertussis illness.
We also examined aggregate hospital charges for infant pertussis cases over time, adjusting all dollars to 2011 by using the Consumer Price Index.23 To quantify charges associated with pertussis and mitigate the effects of rare cases with very high charges, we excluded outlier charges exceeding the 99th percentile of charge-per-discharge distribution in each year of data.
Supplementary Analyses
We performed supplementary analyses to examine the possibility that clinicians' thresholds for hospitalizing infants with pertussis have changed during the study period. To determine if clinicians' threshold for hospitalization changed during the study period, which could potentially have influenced patterns of hospital care for pertussis, we examined the proportion of infants with life-threatening illness over the study period. We defined life-threatening illness as any infant requiring intubation, extracorporeal membrane oxygen, or experiencing in-hospital mortality. We also examined the mean length of stay (LOS) over the study period as another proxy for potential differences in severity. In addition, if clinicians were increasingly comfortable observing older infants as outpatients during the study period, the mean age of hospitalized infants would be expected to decrease. We therefore examined the mean age of hospitalized infants with pertussis over time.
In addition, because pertussis is known to manifest in cyclic peak-and-trough patterns that present challenges for modeling incidence over time,24 we performed 2 analyses to explore the model effects of the high hospitalization rates in 2005. These analyses included "smoothing" the peak year incidence and removing the prevaccine peak year (2005) from the variance-weighted least-squares regression (see Supplemental Information for details).
All analyses were performed with Stata, version 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). As a study of deidentified data, our study was considered exempt from institutional review board approval by the University of Michigan Medical School.
Incidence of Pertussis Hospitalizations Among Infants
The annual frequency of infant pertussis hospitalizations ranged from ∼1600 to >5000 cases nationally during the study period. Expressed in population-adjusted terms (Fig 1), from 2000 to 2005 the incidence of pertussis varied from a low in 2001 of 4.98 (95% CI: 3.57–6.38) hospitalizations per 10 000 infants to 12.89 (95% CI: 8.78–17.00) hospitalizations in 2005, increasing annually by a mean of 0.64 per 10 000 during this period (P for trend = .004).
After implementation of Tdap vaccination among adolescents, the observed rates of pertussis were significantly lower than expected in 2008, 2009, and 2011 (2008 observed rate: 3.85 hospitalizations per 10 000 infants [95% CI: 2.90–4.81]; 2008 expected rate: 10.09 [95% CI: 7.41–12.76]; 2009 observed rate: 5.84 [95% CI: 4.41–7.27]; 2009 expected rate: 10.72 [95% CI: 7.63–13.82]; 2011 observed rate: 3.27 [95% CI: 2.37–4.16]; 2011 expected rate: 12.00 [95% CI: 8.06–15.94]). The observed rate of pertussis hospitalizations among infants in 2010 was not statistically significantly different than expected (observed rate: 7.78 [95% CI: 5.10–10.46]; expected rate: 11.36 [95% CI: 7.84–14.88]) (Fig 1).
Results of supplemental analyses (see Supplemental Information) revealed similar results as our primary analysis. For the time-series analysis, the incidence of infant pertussis hospitalization was significantly different after 2006. For the analyses in which we varied modeling assumptions about the cyclic nature of pertussis, rates of hospitalization among infants for pertussis were lower than expected in at least 3 of the years from 2008 to 2011.
Characteristics of Infants Hospitalized With Pertussis
In 2011, one-half of the infants with pertussis were female, 39% were white, and 61% had public coverage. The mean age at hospital discharge was 87 days. The proportion of children hospitalized with pertussis with life-threatening illness (composite measure: extracorporeal membrane oxygen, intubation, or death) was 5.7%. Infants with pertussis had a mean LOS of 5.4 days (Table 1).
During the study period, there were no significant differences in the proportion of infants hospitalized with pertussis who had life-threatening illness or in their mean age. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean LOS over time (Table 2).
Hospital Charges Associated With Pertussis Hospitalizations in Infants
The mean charges per discharge increased from $16 576 (95% CI: $13 259–$19 893) in 2000 to $26 954 (95% CI: $18 503–$35 405) in 2011 (P = .001; Table 2). Annual inflation-adjusted aggregate charges for pertussis-related care among hospitalized infants peaked in 2010 at $71.6 million; charges to Medicaid in 2010 were $51.8 million, or 72% of the national total. All charges are presented in 2011 US dollars.
Comparison of Infant Hospitalization for Pertussis With CDC Surveillance Data for Pertussis Disease In Infants
We compared the annual incidence of infant hospitalizations for pertussis with the same-year annual surveillance data reported by the CDC. Total annual infant hospitalizations ranged from 46% to 130% of the number of pertussis cases among infants reported to the CDC during the study period. Although in some years the number of hospitalizations exceeded the number of cases reported to the CDC and in other years the opposite was observed, the overall incidence pattern from both sources matches well in terms of the cyclic pattern of peaks and nadirs during the study period (Fig 2).
After the implementation of policy recommending universal Tdap vaccination for adolescents, pertussis hospitalization rates for infants were lower than expected in 3 out of 4 years in our study period. Our findings suggest the possibility of a reduced burden of pertussis severe enough to warrant hospitalization among infants but not consistent enough to mitigate hospitalizations for infantile pertussis in 2010, the first peak year of pertussis incidence after Tdap was first recommended.25
Our analysis, based on rates of hospitalization for infants with pertussis, contrasts somewhat with a recent report by Skoff et al11 that found no apparent impact of adolescent Tdap vaccination on overall infant pertussis incidence, as measured through CDC disease surveillance in the 1990–2009 period. The different findings may reflect the fact that we measured hospitalization, which is related to but distinct from overall disease incidence, and that we compared patterns of illness during the adolescent Tdap period versus patterns from 2000–2005 rather than using earlier years that included lower vaccination rates among infants and the use of DTP vaccine for infants. Additionally, over time, the relationship between the number of infantile hospitalizations and the CDC incidence evolved. Before 2006, the number of hospitalizations was actually above the overall incidence reported by the CDC. After 2007, the annual CDC incidence was above the number of hospitalizations. This trend may reflect increased reporting of pertussis to the CDC over the time period; importantly, an increase in reporting would bias an analysis using CDC surveillance data toward the null, making it more challenging to detect a decrease in incidence even if one existed.
Nonetheless, our findings and those of Skoff et al indicate that further Tdap vaccination efforts will be required to decrease the burden of severe pertussis illness in infants. National recommendations for Tdap have recently expanded beyond original recommendations issued in 2006 (Fig 3). Our findings of an inconsistent impact on infant pertussis hospitalizations in the Tdap era through 2011 indicate that infants may need further protection by 1 of 2 immunization efforts: improving vaccination rates among adolescents and implementing expanded vaccination recommendations among adults. The rates of Tdap vaccination among adolescents (aged 13–17 years) had increased to almost 78% by 2011.26 Certainly the rates of adolescents receiving Tdap could improve; however, clear barriers exist, including lack of parental knowledge about the vaccine, the perception that the vaccine is not necessary, and the lack of recommendation for the vaccine by clinicians.27
The expansion of vaccination recommendations to other populations may also prevent infantile pertussis. For mothers, postpartum vaccination alone may not be adequate in preventing infantile pertussis,28 and some data suggest that administration during pregnancy may be more effective in preventing infant infection.29 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended Tdap vaccination during each pregnancy in 2012. A universal Tdap vaccination policy has also been suggested,5 because the current vaccination rates among adults have remained <10%.30
Our study highlights the increase in the financial burden from pertussis over the past decade, on a per-discharge basis and in aggregate terms. The peak annual aggregate charge in 2010 of $71.6 million related to infant hospitalization for pertussis compares with ∼1.4 million doses of Tdap vaccine that potentially could be used to target newborns' unvaccinated adolescent and adult contacts (assuming an average Tdap vaccine cost of $50: $35 for Tdap vaccine as a mean of public- and private-sector acquisition prices31 plus $15 for administration per dose.) Given the predominance of public insurance among infants with pertussis, the burden of hospitalization costs falls disproportionally to state Medicaid programs. Of note, our charge estimates are conservative because we excluded outliers with very high charges.
In measuring hospitalization rates, it is essential to assess whether changes in the severity of illness in hospitalized infants changed during the study period. Neither mean age nor the percentage of hospitalized infants with life-threatening pertussis changed over time, suggesting that the threshold for hospitalization did not shift in clinically meaningful ways. Whereas mean LOS did decrease slightly during the study period, this finding is consistent with contemporary trends of shortening LOS for pediatric respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and asthma.32
This study must be considered in the context of several limitations. First, due to the observational deidentified nature of the study based on claims data, changes in infants' hospitalization for pertussis cannot be causally linked to Tdap vaccine implementation. It was not possible to determine whether hospitalized infants had culture or polymerase chain reaction–confirmed pertussis. We also could not determine if an infant had been exposed to Tdap-vaccinated or unvaccinated adolescents, or whether the infants had received any DTaP vaccination themselves. Second, the NIS is sampled to ensure national representation of hospitalization; however, pertussis outbreaks can occur in smaller geographic areas.33 Coincidental over- or undersampling from outbreak hotspots might affect national estimates year by year. Third, whereas costs would be a better estimation of economic impact, cost-to-charge conversion files are not available for the entire study period.
Another limitation is that the use of diagnostic codes for the identification of pertussis cases has not been formally validated, although it has been used by other authors.7,28 We did not include the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code for para-pertussis, because the vaccine does not prevent para-pertussis infections. As with any study based on discharge diagnoses, children with para-pertussis infection or a viral respiratory illness may be erroneously coded as pertussis and vice-versa.
Finally, pertussis incidence follows a naturally cyclic pattern, which makes predicting the expected incidence challenging.24 Therefore, a linear regression model may not fully capture trends in pertussis. We have thus presented sensitivity analyses in the Supplemental Information that reveal findings similar to our main analysis. Furthermore, both descriptive statistics and linear regression have been previously used to model annual incidence of pertussis.7,33,34 In addition, the use of variance-weighted least-squares regression allowed us to account for the annual variance in each year of the NIS.
Infection with pertussis can result in life-threatening and sometimes fatal illness for young infants. The implementation of policy for universal vaccination among adolescents against pertussis appears to have been partially effective in decreasing the rates of hospitalization for pertussis among infants. However, the observed rates of infant hospitalization during the peak year of 2010 were no different than expected. Further Tdap vaccination efforts among adolescents, and likely adults as well, are needed to prevent infant hospitalization on a more consistent basis.
- Accepted August 23, 2013.
- Address correspondence to Katherine A. Auger, MD, MSc, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: katherine.auger{at}cchmc.org
Dr Auger conceptualized and designed the study, performed the analyses, and drafted the initial manuscript; Drs Patrick and Davis assisted with conceptualization and design of the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
FUNDING: Dr Auger received salary support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation through the Clinical Scholars Program; the other authors did not have any funding sources related to this project.
POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
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- ↵Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Overview of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Available at: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp. Accessed March 6, 2013
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- ↵Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated vaccination coverage with selected vaccines among adolescents aged 13-17 years, by state and selected area—National Immunization Survey–Teen, United States, 2011. Available at: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/nisteen/tables/11/tab01_iap_2011.pdf. Accessed August 8, 2013
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- Copyright © 2013 by the American Academy of Pediatrics


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Image size 2.125"x2.25" and fits a 3" circle. Can be resized at no charge to fit your cutters.Standard 5.75"x5.75" Total Stencil SizeHandmade in the USA.Contact me for all your custom stencil needs.Shipping: Via USPS First Class. Etsy Shop Owner not responsible for lost or late items. USPS tracking number will be provided when appropriate when order is shipped.No shipment time estimates available for International orders. Customs charges responsibility of buyer.Refunds and Exchanges: For sanitary purposes, refunds and exchanges are not allowed on culinary items.*If your item is received damaged: Contact Shop Owner within 3 days of receipt to receive instructions for replacement.
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Stepheson Leads Gold Team To Victory In Cardinal & Gold Scrimmage
Oct. 25, 2009
Forwards Alex Stepheson scored 13 points and Nikola Vucevic seven to lead the Gold team to a 36-20 win in USC's annual Cardinal and Gold Scrimmage held today (Oct. 25) at the Galen Center. The game was the second half of the day's festivities as the team also host the Dribble for the Cure fundraiser to benefit pediatric cancer research.
In what amounted to half of a game as the teams played two 10-minutes periods, the Gold team jumped out to an 11-0 lead in the first five minutes of the game and never looked back. During that stretch, each Gold starter - Stepheson, Vucevic, Mike Gerrity, Marcus Johnson and Dwight Lewis - made a basket, including a three-pointer by Gerrity.
It wasn't until forward Leonard Washington hit the second of his two free throw attempts at the 4:56 mark, that the Cardinal team got on the board to trail 11-1. Guard Marcus Simmons hit a jumper with 2:42 left in the first half for the Cardinal team's first field goal and they reached the break trailing 20-5. The Gold team made 50.0 percent (8-for-16) of its first half shots, while the Cardinal team hit 18.2 percent from the field (2-for-11) in the first half.
During the brief 10-minute halftime, there was a trade which sent Gerrity to the Cardinal team and guard Korri Ennis to the Gold team. Ennis was the one player from the tryouts on Oct. 17 asked to remain on and practice with the team.
Also during halftime, USC head coach Kevin O'Neill spoke to both teams as he was sitting at the end of the court evaluating the action. Assistant coach Gib Arnold led the winning Gold team today, while assistant coach Bob Cantu ran the Cardinal squad.
The Gold team also won the second half by a score of 16-15 for the final winning total of 36-20. The Cardinal squad was led by six points each from Washington and forward Kasey Cunningham. Washington tied Stepheson with a game-high five rebounds. Cunningham added three rebounds and all six of his points came at the free throw line where he was 6-for-8. The redshirt junior Cunningham had his 2008-09 season cut short after just four games when he suffered a knee injury.
Vucevic scored his seven points on 2-for-3 shooting from the field and 3-for-4 shooting from the free throw line, while grabbing four rebounds.
Coach O'Neill mentioned that he was pleased with the way the team rebounded and got the ball inside to the big men, but said they need to decrease their turnovers and that there is still plenty of work to do before the season opener on Nov. 17 vs. UC Riverside.
Guard Donte Smith was held out of the game today due to soreness in his left ankle. He did participate in part of the morning practice, but felt soreness in the ankle he originally sprained on Oct. 16 so he was kept out of the game for precautionary reasons.
USC will host CS Dominguez Hills at the Galen Center in the final exhibition game on Sunday, Nov. 1 at 2 p.m.
Pac-12 PlaylistTODAY | 7:00pm PTLive
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You Can't Detect What You Can't See: Illuminating the Entire Kill Chain
On-Demand Webinar
The next iPhone will have a "friend finder" feature or app similar to Google's Latitude service. It will have built-in support for Wi-Fi hotspots (where the phone is the hotspot that supports up to five other devices). And it will have several other refinements and tweaks.
The next iPad will have a screen that's the same resolution, but it will gain a camera.
How do I know all this? Well, I don't. These are educated guesses. That education comes courtesy of a new beta version of the software that powers these devices.
So it's nice to have facts, even if they're cryptic, mysterious and often open to interpretation.
Apple released a new beta version to developers this week of its operating system for iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and Apple TV labeled the iOS 4.3. The software contains rich nuggets of Apple Kremlinology gold.
New versions of any operating system must be compatible with any hardware that comes out before the next release. Software sleuths pouring through the new beta's code found five future devices that the software has been designed to support: two new iPhones and three new iPads.
These five devices are more likely just one new version each of the iPhone and iPad -- one iPhone for each type of carrier (one for GSM networks like AT&T and another for CDMA networks like Verizon) and one iPad for each carrier, plus one that doesn't use mobile broadband data (like the current Wi-Fi-only iPad).
Apple tends to release new iOS versions more than twice a year, so we can expect these new devices soon -- probably before summer.
The new iOS has some features that will work with existing iPhones and iPads.
For multi-touch gestures fans (like Yours Truly), one exciting change is a new gesture for going to the home screen: Place all your fingers on the screen and pull them toward the center.
A new "swipe up" gesture reveals the multitasking tray, which is currently displayed with a double press of the front button.
Another new gesture is to swipe left or right while an app is running to toggle between open apps.
The most interesting fact about these gestures is that they make the iPad's one and only front-facing Home button redundant. So there's a good chance that future iPads won't have the Home button.
A blog called the Boy Genius Report, which has a solid track record of publishing inside information about Apple products and other gadgets, claims to have an Apple source that says the Home button will go away not only on future iPads, but on future iPhones as well.
Right now, iPhones can register only two points of touch. If the multi-finger gesture is to be introduced to iPhone, it will have to be upgraded to register multiple points of touch, which enables new gestures and options for app developers.
(Some developers with the new beta, by the way, have reported that the new gestures don't work. But, hey, that's what beta programs are for.)
It's also worth noting that a new "Multitasking Gestures" item has been added to the Settings list, and they can all be turned On or Off. Assuming that future iPads won't have the front button, that option would go away for buttonless iPads.
The new iOS reveals new camera or video effects, colorfully labeled "X-Ray, kaleidoscope, light tunnel, compress and thermic camera." The next iPad will also have a camera, or at least that's suggested by the discovery of shutter screen images found in the new iOS software development kit (SDK).
The resolution on the images is 1024 x 768 -- the same resolution as the current iPad, suggesting no upgrade on screen resolution for the next iPad.
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text:
SOURCE: Kahn Swick & Foti, LLC
October 28, 2016 22:07 ET
NEW ORLEANS, LA--(Marketwired - October 28, 2016) - Kahn Swick & Foti, LLC ("KSF") and KSF partner, the former Attorney General of Louisiana, Charles C. Foti, Jr., remind investors that they have until December 19, 2016 to file lead plaintiff applications in a securities class action lawsuit against Pilgrim's Pride Corporation (NASDAQ: PPC), if they purchased the Company's securities between February 21, 2014 and October 6, 2016, inclusive (the "Class Period"). This action is pending in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado.
What You May Do
If you purchased shares of Pilgrim's Pride and would like to discuss your legal rights and how this case might affect you and your right to recover for your economic loss, you may, without obligation or cost to you, call toll-free at 1-877-515-1850 or email KSF Managing Partner Lewis Kahn (firstname.lastname@example.com). If you wish to serve as a lead plaintiff in this class action, you must petition the Court by December 19, 2016.
About the Lawsuit
Pilgrim's Pride and certain of its executives are charged with failing to disclose material information during the Class Period, violating federal securities laws.
On September 2, 2016, a food distributor filed an antitrust class action complaint against Pilgrim's Pride and several other poultry producers, including Tyson Foods, Inc. ("Tyson"), alleging that the defendants had conspired since 2008 to manipulate the prices of broiler chicken in violation of antitrust laws. Seven more antitrust complaints were filed between September 7 and October 7.
Then, on October 7, 2016, Pivotal Research downgraded Tyson from "Hold" to "Sell," stating that the allegations of the antitrust complaints were "powerfully convincing."
On this news, the price of Pilgrim's Pride's shares plummeted.
About Kahn Swick & Foti, LLC
KSF, whose partners include the Former Louisiana Attorney General Charles C. Foti, Jr., is a law firm focused on securities, antitrust and consumer class actions, along with merger & acquisition and breach of fiduciary litigation against publicly traded companies on behalf of shareholders. The firm has offices in New York, California and Louisiana.
To learn more about KSF, you may visit www.ksfcounsel.com.
Contact:Kahn Swick & Foti, LLCLewis Kahn, Managing firstname.lastname@example.com Covington St.Madisonville, LA 70447
Contact:Kahn Swick & Foti, LLCLewis Kahn, Managing firstname.lastname@example.com Covington St.Madisonville, LA 70447
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"WOW this last 6 weeks has just whipped by!! It feels like maybe 2?? Man, this past week though has been super eventful. Such a roller coaster!
Well, we had transfers, and I am still here in Sudley but ok.. funny/sad story. So transfers are always on a thursday, and with transfers our district leader always calls everyone that Tuesday (2 days before) to tell us who is leaving the area and who is staying, or if both are staying/leaving. That also gives us time to prepare and pack and say goodbye/take pics with the people we can the next day. So we get a call on Tuesday night and our District leader tells us that I am leaving!! I had only been here for one transfer and my comp had been here for 3, so I didn't believe him but right before he hung up he was like, "Just kidding, you're both staying!! Buenas Noches!!" And just hangs up. Well, we were super happy!! So we get to transfer meeting and President Riggs pulls out his scroll of names to announce transfers, and when he gets to my district he announces that my new companion will be Hermana Moleli! And then everyone was just shocked, cuz we were told we were both staying! I guess one of the assistants to the president messed up and so Hna Peabody was really being transferred. It was super sad cuz we weren't really expecting that but now she is in my old area which is cool!
So my new comp is Hermana Moleli and she is from Samoa!! She was born and raised in Cali but Spanish is her third language!! She goes home in September, but man we have fun :) Ha, she's awesome!! We also had to say goodbye to our Mission President, President Riggs and his family and it was SO sad!! They are leaving back to Gilbert, AZ tomorrow.
Ok sorry that was probably all not very fun to read, but ooh quick story from this week.. so two days ago Hna Moleli and I were walking and we saw this guy just eating on the back steps of his house and we started talking to him and he is from Costa Rica. He told us that it was so crazy that we came cuz he had just had a dream and Jesus was there in white robes telling him that he needed to look for Him. He said that he hasn't been looking much and feels bad, cuz he just goes to work and then goes inside his house and doesn't go outside at all, but JUST that day he happened to be sitting on his back steps! He thanked us for coming by and was just in awe at the fact that God really is there and cares for each and every one of us, and that He would send two messengers to deliver the message of this everlasting gospel to him. He is really hard to get a hold of since he works all the time, but with the Lord anything is possible!! He knew that that man needed to hear of this gospel at that moment!!
I seriously can't even begin to describe how grateful I am to have this opportunity to be out here serving this mission, experiencing so many different things and discovering myself even more. I am grateful for this opportunity I have to develop my character and to progress toward who I want to become more than ever by the end of this life. I know that the Lord has a plan for me, and for all of His children. This morning as I was studying I came across a quote by Dieter F Uchtdorf, in which he was talking about the pioneers and everything they went through to make it to the Salt Lake Valley. He says "They woke up each morning with clearly defined purposes and goals that everyone understood; to serve God and their fellowmen and to arrive in the Salt Lake Valley. Every day those purposes and goals were clear to them; they knew what they needed to do and that each day's progress mattered."--Who are we when it comes to being a true disciple of Christ? What are our goals? Where do our true desires lay? The part that sticks out to me the most is that EVERYONE understood. Our goals should mean so much to us that people should be able to see that that is something that matters to us and that we are working on. They should see that serving God and our fellowmen is our main objective, by our example and the actions we choose to take. I LOVE this gospel and seriously just can't get ENOUGH of it! There is ALWAYS more, ALWAYS something to learn and ALWAYS more blessings that the Lord is willing to pour out upon us if we will just confide in Him and do the things we know to be true by experience.
May we all remember our true purpose in this life that is so short, but so CRUCIAL to our eternal salvation. May we all remember that even though there may be things going on in the world that are contrary to our beliefs, that the points of the church stand strong, and God's doctrine will never change! I wish you all a Happy Fourth of July as we celebrate the freedom of our country that was so carefully set up under God's hand.
Cuidense mucho, hasta luego!!
Les amo!"
Hermana Mariah Riddle :)"
So..before we got Riah's email about transfers we already knew that Riah's comp had been transferred. Because we see pics and such on the icloud we knew it had happened. Also, I keep in touch with Hermana Peabody's mom and she got an email from her with her new address. The only thing we didn't know was who their companions were. So..because we are stalkers we checked their mission facebook accounts to see which Hermana's they both added to their accounts. We came to the conclusion that Riah was getting Hermana Moleli and that Hermana Mensinger (who was Riah's last companion) was being transferred to Riah's district to be with Hermana Mugleston (who was in the MTC with Riah). And then because we knew that Hermana Mensinger got transferred from Riah's old apartment/area, and we knew that Hermana Peabody was living in Riah's old apartment we concluded that Hermana Peabody was getting Hna Brown (Hna Mensingers old comp) as a companion. Ha! I don't know why we mom's just can't wait a few days for details but we just can't!!
So..I sent the prediction to Riah in an email and this was her reponse..."Yeah, you predicted transfers exactly how it is!!" In Riah's email to me she also said that it was tough to see Hermana Peabody go! How it all happened was just crazy! They had no idea she was leaving and so she didn't have a chance to say goodbye to anyone:( Mariah has been blessed with such awesome companions and she told me that she loves every single one of her companions differently and that she has had so many good times with all of them. She feels so blessed to have had the opportunity to be with so many great Hermanas.
This is something else that she shared with me in her email.."Guess what?!! So Gma Hallidays sister called me last week!! I just got a random call on our phone and somehow she was able to get our number from some elders in her ward.. she had to go through a few sets of missionaries I think but yeah!! Yeah, it is actually cuz she wants to take us out to lunch or dinner and just drive into our area.. I called President Riggs this morning ((pretty sure that was my last time hearing his voice.. so sad!!)) and he said yes that would totally be fine!! Cool huh?" Wow, her Mission Pres is so chill. Glad that she will be able to visit and go out to eat with Aunt Sheila:)
More from her email to me..."The people in my district are me, Hna Moleli, Hna Mugleston, Hna Mensinger, Elder Gonzalez, Elder Gosain, Elder Rascon, and Elder Justesen. Elder Rascon is still our district leader and he has been on his mission for like 7 months, and we have been in the same area his entire mission ha!! Him and his comp are the ones that live in our apartment complex… so we see them at the gym every morning.. awk. oh well. But yeah Hermana Mensinger was BLOWING UP when she found out!! We are actually all spending pday together today so that'll be fun :) But yeah we get to see each other all the time now!! So fun!
Please pray for the T-Fam!! They are coming along SO WELL its just the mom is not really on board with things.. she is kind of hard to figure out.. they also are HUGE into soccer and they play tournaments ALL DAY every Sunday so it's really hard to get them to church.. we have yet to get them to commit to come!! The kids are SO SMART though and they ALWAYS read the scriptures and if we read a chapter in the Book of Mormon, we will ask them to relate it back to us and they will tell the ENTIRE thing in DEEP detail and say what they learned from it and ask SO many questions!! They are SO CUTE and SO prepared, so PLEASE pray for them that they will have the courage and desire to stop soccer on Sundays and come to church!! We have quite a few other investigators, one that just accepted to be baptized (S-name) but she just hasn't come to church. I can't tell you HOW HARD it is so get people to just COME to church!! It is so frustrating because they say they will come like every week and they don't show up.. but some say "I'll try" and you try and get a yes out of them and you know they like learning what you have to say and can feel the spirit, it's just Satan works SO HARD on them in between visits that they lose that desire to come! It is so hard but I have faith that everything will work out and in the Lord's due time these people will all make a decision to accept or reject the gospel. It's just kind of up in the air right now.. So, we just keep visiting, keep teaching, keep finding, and helping the prepared people that the Lord has put into our path!!
Riah said that they had a huge hail storm that knocked a bunch of stuff down and they have had a few tornado warnings in the past little bit (WOW comforting)! She says that she loves the rain there in DC but it just make it SO HOT and HUMID!
Here are some pics of the damage that the huge storm did to the deck of one investigators house. A tree fell on their deck!
More pics from the week! Saying goodbye to Hermana Peabody.
The following pics were taken on transfer day! Spanish program Hermanas and Elders and Riah with Pres and Sister Riggs
Riah's new companion Hermana Moleli and Hermana Mensinger
All four Hermanas in Riah's district and not sure who the family is


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Top 10 Ways to Lose the Baby Weight
The title is misleading? Well, No, I am not advocating weight loss for babies. In fact, for babies, I feel the chubbier the better. Neither is this a magic mantra to transform from the chubby little pre-teen to the skinny teenager with curves at all the right place. This is a guide for the new moms to get rid of the post pregnancy flab or the baby weight as it is more often called. Would you love me for it? Well if you do try these tips- I am sure you would:
10. Be-ware and Be-Aware
Not just for new moms, but also in general, if you are aware of the calories and types of fats you are consuming, you end the day on a healthier note than when you are not aware of the nutrient content of the food you have been consuming. Don't think so? Take the 24 hour challenge. Watch what you eat for 24 hours, calculating the calories consumed and the good and bad fats you have indulged on. Compare it to what you had the day before. 9 out of 10 times you will discover you ate healthier. And for new moms it is all the more better to watch their diet as often relatives are insistent on calorie laden delicacies. I however do not recommend crash dieting, only a nutritious balanced diet.
9. Drink it down
Drink it up would have made more grammatical sense but literally your mouth is above your digestive tract-hence drink it down. It is the most preached fact about weight-loss for all alike. Drink a lot of water. By water I do NOT mean liquids. Caffeinated drinks are often major causes of dehydration which is a dangerous condition while lactating. Soda thinks are often flavoured more with sugar than essence. Drink water, not calories and see the weight go. Also drinking water will keep your skin more toned than saggy.
8. Nurse your flesh
Not literally quite so, or may be a lot more literally. Your baby is your flesh and blood and nursing him on your milk would only help the fat go. The science behind it is still debated but it is one of the most observed facts that breastfeeding mothers get rid of the baby bump a lot quicker than mothers who do not breastfeed. This is also directly related to hormone balance and production in your body. Why else do you think even superstar actresses choose to breastfeed their babies whenever possible.
7. Rest is history
By saying rest is history I am certainly not referring to the noun form of rest. I do not require you to forget the most beautiful times of your lives. Also I do not advocate rushing to the gym and doing weight training or cardio as soon as you're out of the hospital room but with time your body does not require as much rest as it did in your pregnancy days. So ditch the rest, try to walk around slowly and run a few easier household chores by yourself. It is the starting to getting back to routine. You would obviously love to give your baby a walk post his feeding session. Babies often burp quicker when walked too.
6. Supermom's super-foods
With a baby is born a mother. No mom is just a mom, she is always a supermom. She requires as much care as her baby and nutrition enough to provide for both the baby and herself. Superfoods are not foods that fly, neither are they packaged in superman illustrated boxes. They are foods which are saviors. Rich in essential nutrients and low in calorie and fat content. Superfoods include apples, pulses, black beans, cottage cheese etc. Be sure to consult your doctor though because not all digestive systems are tolerant towards all kinds of superfoods.
5. The 'Mass'age therapy
I intend a pun on mass, the reason behind the flab. It might just go away in the comfort of de-stressing yourself with a long massage or spa. Massaging your skin helps tone the flab and return its elasticity to make skin look younger, less wrinkled and more elastic. It may free you of the stress too. Try and get a massage including collagen based gel or oil. Collagen is an active ingredient in most skin tightening cosmetics. Make sure you bathe or wipe before breastfeeding your baby though because it is also inedible. You might also choose regular oils like olive oil or maybe certain essential oils too. Make sure to consult a physician before experimenting with a new essential oil in case of adverse effect on baby's or your health.
4. Snooze the alarm
I am not contradicting the rest is history point. With a baby often come sleepless nights. Make sure you get a full night's sleep to help your body tissues repair and adjust to your hormones and changes. Sleep is one of the most important factors in weight loss. Often people who sleep too less or too much are found to be obese as compared to those who sleep just about right. The reason is often debated as consuming more calories when sleepy. Make sure your body gets enough sleep and you are not disturbed repeatedly by alarms. A stress free sleep is a key to weight loss as well as better skin.
3. Boost the hotness level
I am not advocating skimpy clothes and I am well aware of reactions of hot and supposedly fat going together. By hotness I imply consuming foods that are known to give out heat or are hot by nature. They boost your metabolism and help lose the post baby weight. Also they help keep cold and cough at bay for your baby in case you are a nursing mother. Certain foods that boost metabolism include sesame seeds, cinnamon, red chilli, ginger and garlic. Make sure the doses are measured and kept low since an overdosage might effect digestion and cause loose motions for the baby if breastfed.
2. Act like you're the King
I do not expect you to visit places ordering prosecution, though your hormones might be instigating you for it. The key point to losing weight for new moms is being confident of it. Be proud of your pre and post baby bump. It is a symbol of being a life giver. I am not asking you to be at peace with it for forever but love it for as long as it is there. It has housed your baby for almost nine months. Only when you are confident you will be inspired enough to put in more efforts into your weight loss and will also have higher chances of yielding extraordinary results.
1. The Patient
I am well aware of how that hospital bed might have seemed. Not been there seen that kind of situation-but yeah hospitals are often places one despises to visit and patients seem synonymous with hospitals but you may be surprised to know I am talking about being patient. The verb not the noun. Post baby weight loss will take time for your skin needs time to adjust its elasticity and return to shape. Being impatient will only result with sagging skin- which trust me-you'd hate. Be patient and remember, slow and steady wins the race.


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|Dear Dr. Wohl
Mar 22, 2006
After having worked around bodybuilders for years, I have to ask why you have the notion that testosterone can cause fat loss symptoms like D4T. Absolutely not what I see. In fact, most of the time, they get more full faced. They certainly don't lose peripheral fat on their arms and legs when they use testosterone. One study showed that testosterone didn't cause the fat loss that oxandrolone caused. Oral steroids, like oxandrolone, do have some potential for increasing adipocyte fatty acid efflux by their effect on increasing hepatic post-heparin lipase, but testosterone doesn't not do that. What published study did you get that notion from? Michael Mooney
Response from Dr. Wohl
Dear Michael,
Please see my previous post toady re testosterone. The study (ACTG 5079) by Cecilia Shikuma and colleagues indicates clearly that testosterone reduces limb fat. In fact, the median limb fat lost among the men receiving testosterone (about 500 g) was more than the amount gained in a study of pioglitazone for lipoatrophy presented at the same conference - a trial hailed for its hopeful results.
Shikuma C et al. Effects of physiologic testosterone supplementation on fat mass and distribution in HIV-infected men with abdominal obesity: ACTG 5079. Thirteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Denver, abstract 149, 2006.
testosterone supplementation (follow-up to earlier question)
elevated LFT's
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A reporter from the Lancashire Evening Post persuaded a Youth Court to lift reporting restrictions so that it could identify a youth who threatened a Catholic priest.
Stef Hall, crime reporter with the Lancashire Evening Post, made her application when 17-year-old Andrew Walch, who admitted a public order offence and handling a stolen phone, appeared at Preston Youth Court on 27 November.
She handed the bench a note asking the court to lift the anonymity Walch automatically receives under section 39 of the Children and Youth Persons Act 1933, saying that it was in the public interest that the teenager should be named, particularly as he was already subject to an anti-social behaviour order (Asbo).
Hall said: "I was pleased when the court lifted the restriction. It meant we could tell our readers about what this young offender had done.
"It was the first time I had applied for a reporting restriction to be lifted."
The court heard that Walch, who was given a four-month detention and training order for the handling offence and a 12-month conditional discharge for the public order offence, had threatened to launch a public demonstration against Kevan Dorgan of St Teresa's Church, Fishwick, Preston, after finding that he considered to be distasteful images on his mobile phone.
Dorgan left the parish in September, after suffering a burglary.
Jackie Garrett, prosecuting, said the phone, stolen during a raid at the church, was found in the back garden at Walch's home.
Walch had threatened to stage a public demonstration against the priest, whom he accused of being "against the Bible", after seeing the images stored on the phone.
Police told the court the pictures were not unlawful.


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State leaders continued their budget talks into the wee hours of Tuesday morning and said they emerged with a bipartisan deal.
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Global Magnetic Sensors Market size is expected to reach USD 3.65 billion by 2022 according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc.
Technological advancements and an increased awareness regarding vehicle safety are anticipated to drive the global magnetic sensors market growth over the forecast period. Escalating demand for GPS & navigation enabled smartphones and wearable devices is expected to further incite industry growth.
Magnetic sensing devices are used for detecting and measuring magnetic fields. These sensors assist in wear-free measurement of angular speed and angle of rotation with contactless operation. They are widely used in consumer electronic devices such as smartphones and wearable devices for position sensing, switching, current sensing, and angular sensing. In addition, they are used in white goods and heavy consumer durables such as air conditioners and refrigerators.
However, intense competition and a gradual decline in the average selling price have left the industry unattractive for vendors, thereby challenging market growth.
Full Research Report on Global Magnetic Sensors Market Analysis:
North America magnetic sensors market by technology, 2012-2022, (USD Million)
Further key findings from the report suggest:
- Magnetic sensors used across various industry verticals are based on different sensing technologies such as Hall Effect, Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR), Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), and others such as Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) and Superconducting Quantum Interface Device (SQUID). Hall Effect based sensing module segment dominates the industry accounting for over 55% of the market share in 2014. They are extensively used in various automotive safety systems including Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) and advanced driver assistance systems.
- Magnetic sensors find numerous applications across various verticals including automotive, consumer electronics, industrial, and others such as aerospace and defense, R&D, and non-destructive testing activities. Automotive applications segment dominated the industry accounting for over 50% of the market revenue share in 2014. These sensing devices form an essential part of major safety and driver assistance systems in modern day vehicles thereby driving their demand. Moreover, such sensors and switches have become a critical part of the battery systems in hybrid and Electronic Vehicles (EV) owing to their efficient and battery saving operation.
- Asia Pacific region dominates the global market in terms of demand and is projected to grow at a CAGR of nearly 12% over the forecast period. Presence of major end-use industries in the region has led to an increasing demand for such sensing modules in the region. Countries such as China, Japan, and India house most of the technological and automotive giants leading to an escalating demand over the forecast period.
- Key industry participants include Baumer, Honeywell International Inc., iC-Haus, Infineon Technologies AG, Mesmic Corporation, NXP Semiconductors, and Robert Bosch GmbH. Major vendors are based in countries from the European Union and Asia Pacific region to cater to an ever-increasing need for such sensing devices from the growing automotive and consumer electronic industry. Manufacturers resort to mergers, alliances, and vertical integration to streamline the process of procurement and drive profitability.
View more reports of this category by Grand View Research at: http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry/electronic-devices
Grand View Research has segmented the Global Magnetic Sensors Market on the basis of technology, application, and region:
Magnetic Sensors Technology Outlook (Volume, Million Units ; Revenue, USD Million 2012 – 2022)
- Hall Effect
- Others
Magnetic Sensors Application Outlook (Volume, Million Units ; Revenue, USD Million 2012 – 2022)
- Automotive
- Consumer Electronics
- Industrial
- Others
Magnetic Sensors Regional Outlook (Volume, Million Units ; Revenue, USD Million 2012 – 2022)
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
View Press Release Of This Report by Grand View Research:
About Grand View Research
Grand View Research, Inc. is a U.S. based market research and consulting company, registered in the State of California and headquartered in San Francisco. The company provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. To help clients make informed business decisions, we offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a range of industries, from technology to chemicals, materials and healthcare.
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City: San Francisco
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Website: http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/magnetic-sensors-market


text:
Quick Reference
The (usually wooden) box-like structure that surrounds and supports the spindle of a common press. Some Dutch hoses were made of iron and yoke-shaped.
From: hose in The Oxford Companion to the Book »
Subjects: Bibliography.
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Reference entries
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Books with Devon imprints: a handlist to 1800. 1780-1781
1780. BRICE, Thomas. Remonstrance of the American officers, from the London Gazette of last Saturday, December the 2d 1780. Rhymified by Thomas Brice. - Exon : Printed by E. & T.Brice , [1780]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Verse, first line: We captains of the Yankee line. - *ESTC t001360.
1780. CAPT. Ephraim or the Yankee entertainment. - [Exeter ?] : [s.n.] , [1780]. - 1 sheet ; 1/4°. - Verse, first line: Brother Ephraim sold his cow. - Printed on same half sheet as: Rodney victorious. - *WSL.
1780. CONSIDERATIONS humbly addressed to the electors of Great Britain, and particularly to the clergy. - Exeter : Printed by R.Trewman, behind the Guildhall , 1780. - 8°. - *Dredge p.30 (D. & E.I.).
1780. DAVIDSON, John. John Davidson, merchant, at Newbigging, near Drumlithie, sells the following goods at the lowest prices. - Exeter : Printed by R.Trewman , [1780?]. - *ESTC.
1780. An ELECTION satire, with explanatory notes, dedicated to the gentlemen, clergy, freemen, and freeholders of the city of Exeter. - [Exeter] : [s.n.] , 1780. - 1 sheet ; 1/4°. - Verse epistle, dated and signed at foot: Exeter, Sept. 11, 1780. J*** B*****. - First line: The honour conferr'd by my this day's election - *WSL.
1780. EXETER. Theatre. By particular desire of several ladies and gentlemen. On Wednesday, January 26, 1780, at the Theatre will be presented a concert of vocal & instrumental music. ... Between the parts of the above concert will be presented (gratis) a comedy, call'd The West-Indian. - Exeter : Printed by R.Trewman, behind the Guildhall , [1780]. - 1 sheet. - *WSL.
1780. EXETER. Theatre. By desire of the High Sheriff of the county of Devon. Not performed these twelve years. On Friday, January 28, 1780, at the Theatre will be presented a concert of vocal & instrumental music. ... Between the parts of the above concert will be presented (gratis) a dramatic pastoral, (in three acts) call'd The Winter's tale. (Altered from Shakespeare by the late David Garrick, Esq;). - Exeter : Printed by R.Trewman, behind the Guildhall , [1780]. - 1 sheet. - *WSL.
1780. EXETER. Turnpike Trust. Exeter turnpikes. 162 miles. From Michaelmas, 1778, to Michaelmas, 1779. From Michaelmas, 1779, to Michaelmas, 1780. - [Exeter] : [s.n.] , [1780]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Report of meeting of trustees held 14 November, 1780. - *ESTC (Cambridge UL).
1780. FONTAINE, Nicholas. An abridgment of the Old and New Testament, interspersed with moral and instructive reflections chiefly out of the holy fathers. From the French. By J.Reeve. - Exeter : Printed by B.Thorn; and sold by him and T.Lewis, Great Russel Street, Covent-Garden, London , 1789. - vii,[1],390,178,viii ; 16°. - Author: Nicholas Fontaine, Sieur de Royaumont. Abridgment of: The history of the Holy Bible. - *WSL; Dredge p.72 (T.N.Brushfield); ESTC t120652.
1780. HAYTER, John. A visitation sermon, preached April 13th, 1780, at St. Mary's, before the clergy of the archdeaconry of Exeter, published at their request, and inscribed, by permission, to the Lord Bishop of Exeter. By John Hayter, B.A. late fellow of King's College, Cambridge, &c. - [Exeter] : Printed for, and sold by, A.Sweetland, (successor to Edward Score) and B.Thorn booksellers, in Exeter; T.Payne and Son, Mews-Gate, T.Cadell, in the Strand, London; and all other booksellers , [1780]. - [4],14p ; 4°. - Vertical chain lines. - *WSL; ESTC t018004.
1780. The HISTORY and dying words of William Wotton executed at Heavitree gallows Monday March 20 1780 and to be hung in chains at Bratton Clovelly for the murder pof Mrs Grace Peard, Mrs Florence Rundle and Molly Rundle her daughter on the night of the 1st of November last. - Exeter : Printed by E.Brice & Son near East gate where next Saturday will be published price 2d the life of this great criminal , [1780]. - 1 sheet. - Burnet Morris (Mr. W.H.Stone collection).
1780. The HISTORY OF Henry, Earl of Moreland. - Plymouth : [s.n.] , 1780. - *Plymouth Public Library L2659.
1780. The HUMOURS of Plymouth. A medley. As it was exhibited, by Mr. Collins, at the Theatre, to a brilliant audience, with universal applause. - Plymouth : Printed by John Collins , [1780?]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Oblong format. Verse, first line: In days of yore, as ancient authors speak. - *WSL.
1780. The LAMENTATION of Ezekiel Pollard, who lost his sight by a [sic] inflammation. - [Exeter] : [s.n.] , [1780?]. - 1 sheet ; 1/4°. - Verse, first line: Good Christians give attention, - *WSL.
1780. LETTERS and papers on agriculture, planting, &c. selected from the correspondence-book of the society instituted at Bath, for the encouragement of agriculture, arts, manufactures, and commerce, within the counties of Somerset, Wilts, Glocester, and Dorset, and the city and county of Bristol. - Vol. I. - Bath : Printed by R.Cruttwell, by order of the Society; and sold by C.Dilly, Poultry, London; and by the booksellers of Bath, Bristol, Salisbury, Glocester, Exeter, &c. &c. , 1780. - xii,264,100p ; 8°. - *ESTC t091280 [etc]; WSL.
The following volumes appeared to 1800, with slightly differing titles and imprints:
Vol. 1 1780 (2nd ed. 1783, 3rd ed. 1788, 4th ed. 1792)
Vol. 2 1783 (2nd ed. 1788, 3rd ed. 1792)
Vol. 3 1786 (2nd ed. 1788, 3rd ed. 1791)
Vol. 4 1788 (2nd ed. 1792)
Vol. 5 1790 (2nd ed. 1793)
Vol. 6 1792, vol. 7 1795, vol. 8 1796, vol. 9 1799.
1780. MARSHALL, John. A sermon preached in the cathedral church of St. Peter Exon before the governors of the Devon and Exeter Hospital for the Sick and Lame at their anniversary on Tuesday August 29, 1780 by John Marshall, M.A., vicar of Widecombe in the Moor and master of the Grammar School in Exeter. Published at the request of the stewards and governors then present. - Exeter : Printed by B.Thorn and sold by him and A.Sweetland in Exeter & by all other booksellers for the benefit of the hospital , [1780]. - *Burnet Morris index.
1780. PHIPPS, Joseph To the youth of the Norwich meeting. - Exon : Printed by T.Brice , [1780?]. - 12p ; 12°. - Signed: J.P. - *Joseph Smith Friends' books ii,413.
1780. PLYMOUTH chronicle. - Plymouth : [s.n.] , 1780. - Issue 1, 6 May 1780. - Continued to May 1782.
1780. RODNEY victorious, or the Spaniards defeated. - [Exeter?] : [s.n.] , [1780]. - 1 sheet ; 1/4°. - Verse, first line: Ye Britons all rejoice and sing. - Printed on same half sheet as: Capt. Ephraim. - *WSL.
1780. SHORT, John. The rights and principles of an Englishman considered and asserted, on a review of the late motion at the Hotel, for a county meeting in Devonshire. By a Devonian. - Exeter : Printed by R.Trewman, behind the Guildhall , 1780. - 24p ; 8°. - *WSL; ESTC t108765; Davidson supp. p.16n (Secktor Lib.); Plymouth Institution p.90.
1780. SMITH, Elizabeth. Life reviewed; a poem; founded on reflections upon the silent inhabitants of the church-yard of Truro, in the county of Cornwall. To which is added, an elegy on the late Revd. Mr. Samuel Walker, who was many years curate of that borough. By E.Smith. ... - Exeter : Printed for the author, by B.Thorn , 1780. - [2],ii,xxvii,[1],132,[2]p ; 4°. - List of subscribers. - Errata leaf at end. - *Dredge p.31 (D&EI); ESTC t098252; Plymouth Public Library L5045.
1780. SOME hints submitted to the consideration of the owners and occupiers of lands in the county of Devon, upon the steps most proper to be taken in order to obtain a repeal of the tax upon cyder. By a freeholder of that county. - [Exeter?] : [s.n.] , [1780?]. - 4p ; 2°. - *ESTC t001345 (similar title listed under [1763?].
1780. TASKER, William. Select odes of Pindar and Horace translated; and other original poems; together with notes, critical, historical, and explanatory. By the Rev. William Tasker, A.B. ... In three volumes. Volume i. - Exeter : Printed for the author. And sold by J.Dodsley, Pall-Mall; J.Bew, Paternoster-row; T.Becket, Adelphi; R.Davis, Piccadilly; and J.Ridley, St. James's-Street, London: Bell, Edinburgh; T.Merril, Cambridge; Messrs. Prince and Cooke, Oxford; Messrs. Pratt and Clinch, Bath; T.Cocking, Bristol; Thomas, Brightelmstone; Sprange, Tunbridge-Wells; T.Parkhouse, Tiverton; and B.Thorn, Exeter , 1780. - viii,288,[2]p ; 8°. - Volumes 2 and 3 appeared only in 1792 and 1793 after the second edition of volume 1 in 1790. - *WSL; Dredge p.107 (British Museum); ESTC t134724.
1781. BRICE, Thomas. Address of thanks from the English virgins of sixteen to the Hon. Charles-James Fox, for his zeal to obtain an amendment of the marriage-act, to enable females to marry at sixteen and males at eighteen. Put into rhyme by their typographical amanuensis, Thomas Brice. - Exeter : Printed by Thomas Brice, in Goldsmiths'-Street , [1781]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - *WSL; DRO 997Z/Z6.
1781. CHURCHILL, John. A sermon preached in the cathedral church of St. Peter, Exon, before the governors of the Devon and Exeter Hospital, for the sick and lame, at their anniversary meeting, on Tuesday, August 28, 1781. By John Churchill, B.D. rector of Eggesford and Chawley, and fellow of C.C.C., Oxford. Published at the request of the stewards and governors then present. - Exeter : Printed by B.Thorn and Son; and sold by them and A.Sweetland, in Exeter; and by all other booksellers ... , [1781]. - 4°. - *Dredge p.52 (W.P.Hiern); Plymouth Institution p.52.
1781. DOWNMAN, Hugh. Poems to Thespia. - Exeter : Printed by W.Grigg, bookseller in the Fore Street , 1781. - 112p 8°. - With an errata slip. - *ESTC t134345; Dredge p.52 (M.Cann); Plymouth Public Library L3234.
1781. The DUTCH answer to the British manifesto. - Exeter : Printed by E. and T.Brice , [1781?]. - 1 sheet ; 1/4°. - Verse, first line: If ever on earth a poor nation was hobbled. - *WSL.
1781. GREY, Richard. Memoria technica; or, a new method of artificial memory: applied to, and exemplified in, chronology, history, geography, astronomy: also Jewish, Grecian, and Roman coins, weights, and measures, &c. with tables proper to the respective sciences; and memorial lines adapted to each table. By Richard Grey, D.D. rector of Hinton, in Northamptonshire. - The sixth edition, corrected and much improved. - Exeter : Printed and sold by B.Thorn and Son, booksellers: sold also by Messrs. Rivington and Sons, St. Paul's Church-Yard; B.Law, Ave-Mary-Lane; Messrs. Richardson and Urquhart, Royal Exchange; and T.Evans, Pater-noster-Row, London , 1781. - viii,xxvi,160,[34]p ; 12°. - *WSL; ESTC t110578; Dredge p.30 (D&EI); Plymouth Public Library L3824; DUL 31380.
1781. HOLE, Richard. Homer's hymn to Ceres, translated into English verse, by Richard Hole, LL.B. ... - Exeter : Printed by B.Thorn and Son, booksellers: and sold by C.Dilly, in the Poultry, London , 1781. - 84p ; 8°. - *WSL; Dredge p.31; Sheaf 6 p.338; ESTC t090522; Plymouth Public Library L3235.
1781. HOLMES, William. To the governor and deputy governor; the worshipful, the mayor, the justices, and to every other member of the corporation of the poor of the city and county of Exon. - [Exeter] : [s.n.] , [1781]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Concerns wool industry. Dated at head: Exeter, Dec. 24, 1781. Signed at end: Wm Holmes. - *ESTC t001361.
1781. The LIFE, character, and dying behaviour of John Andrews, executed at Heavitree gallows, Friday, Aug. 24, for stealing two heifers and three steers. - Exon : Printed by E.Brice, near East-Gate , [1781]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Two columns of text. - *DRO 997Z/Z36.
1781. RACK, Edmund Essays, letters and poems, by Edmund Rack, secretary to the Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufacture and Commerce, and to the Philosophical Society, lately instituted at Bath, and author of Mentor's letters to youth. - Bath : Printed by R.Cruttwell, for the author; and sold by C.Dilly, Poultry; J.Dodsley, Pall Mall; and J.Phillips, George Yard, Lombard Street, London; Messrs Fletcher, Oxford; Merril, Cambridge; Todd, York; Crouse, Norwich; Thorn, Exeter; Frost, Chelmsford; and by all the booksellers in Bath and Bristol , 1781. - [496]p ; 8°. - *Joseph Smith Friends' books ii,469.
1781. The SENTENCES of the prisoners tried at the castle of Exeter, at the Lent assize, March 23, 1781 ... - Exeter : Printed by E. and T.Brice , [1781]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°.
1781. SMITH, Elizabeth. Life review'd: a poem founded upon reflections upon the silent inhabitants of the church-yard of Truro, ... With an elegy on the late Rev. Mr. Samuel Walker, ... To which are added, the Lord's prayer, creed, and ten commandments, paraphrased; &c. ... By E.Smith. - Exeter : Printed, for the author, by B.Thorn and Son , 1781. - [2],ii,132,[2]p ; 4°. - With final errata leaf. - *Dredge p.31 (Bibliotheca Cornubiensia); ESTC t098251.
1781. SUCCESSES in East-India. - Exon : Printed by T.Brice, Goldsmiths'-Street , [1781?]. - 1 sheet ; 1/2°. - Verse and prose, first line: Now, ye Britons, rejoice; - *WSL.
1781. TRIAL ... crime ... murder ... T.Boughton by John Donellan. - Exeter : [s.n.] , [1781]. - 4°. - Bodleian Law Library.
1781. WOOD, Beavis. An appeal to the ministers of the parish of Tiverton, in the county of Devon, and to the governor, guardians, and overseers of the poor of the same parish, made by Mr. Beavis Wood, the town clerk of Tiverton, for inquiring into the public charges against him by Mr. William Lewis, the churchwarden, with the several papers and publications which came out in consequence of no timely or proper notice being taken of any such appeal, by those to whom it was addressed. - Exeter : [s.n.] , 1781. - 62p ; 8°. - Davidson supp. p.13 (Secktor Lib.); Plymouth Institution p.108.


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Transplant patients from Texas Children's Hospital to compete at Transplant Games of America
Jul 26, 2012, 08:00 ET
HOUSTON, July 26, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- While athletes from all over the world will be gathering in London for the 2012 Summer Olympics, hundreds of other athletes whose lives were saved by organ transplantation will gather to compete for the gold at the Transplant Games of America in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
The Renal Service and the Heart Center from Texas Children's Hospital in Houston will send three kidney transplant recipients and two heart transplant recipients to the Games to participate as part of Team Texas during the four-day, biannual Olympic-style event that celebrates patient athletes who have received a life-saving organ transplantation. For more information about transplantation at Texas Children's Hospital visit: www.texaschildrens.org/transplant.
"Our patients are going to the Transplant Games because Texas Children's Renal Service offers a unique Quality of Life program," said Helen Currier, director of Renal and Pheresis Services at Texas Children's Hospital. "We not only want to provide the best medical care for our patients, but we also offer opportunities that enrich the quality of their lives so they are not defined by their medical challenges. Our participation in these Games encourages an active, healthy lifestyle after transplant, raises public awareness and support for organ donation and honors organ donors and donor families."
Nearly 1,200 athletes from 48 states are expected to attend the National Transplant Games of America. The Opening Ceremonies on July 28, roughly coinciding with the 2012 Summer Olympics, will include the parade of athletes and the lighting of the cauldron. The event concludes July 31 with Closing Ceremonies where the Team Cup Award and Outstanding Athlete Award winners will be announced.
These three patients are among the participants who will represent Texas Children's Hospital in Team Texas.
KEYON TOLBERT – Age 15 years – kidney transplant patient – Texas Children's Hospital
Keyon was born with a genetic kidney disease where one kidney was larger than the other. His disease was diagnosed when he was about 7 years old. By the time he was 10, he needed dialysis three days per week. Later, as his disease progressed, doctors removed both kidneys. He was on a wait list for a donor kidney for more than two years. He finally got his kidney transplant in March 2010. Now he participates in activities that he missed while he was so sick. Keyon likes to travel to new places and meet new people. He leaves for the National Transplant Games of America on July 27 where he will participate in swimming, basketball and track.
JAKOB LOPEZ – Age 20 years – heart transplant patient – Texas Children's Hospital
Jakob is a heart transplant patient who was diagnosed as a child with a defective bicuspid valve. Even though his heart was not perfect, he was an avid soccer player throughout his childhood. He was a high school student with offers of soccer scholarships from two colleges when doctors said he needed heart surgery to repair the defect. Four open heart surgeries later, Jakob found himself waiting on a heart transplant list for a donor heart. He was 17-years-old when he got his new heart in 2009. After months of recovery, he was ultimately able to play soccer again as a freshman at Mary Hardin-Baylor University in Belton, Texas. Now at age 20 and taking college courses in San Antonio, he feels thankful to have a second chance at life and to use his athletic ability at the upcoming National Transplant Games of America in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Jakob looks forward to meeting other transplant patients who share his experience as an organ donor recipient. Jakob will compete in cycling and track.
PAUL MEIKLE – Age 18 years – heart transplant patient – Texas Children's Hospital
Paul played basketball and track in high school until he collapsed one day during a training session. He was brought to the hospital by ambulance where he was diagnosed with a severe heart condition called cardiomyopathy. After a pacemaker/defibrillator was unsuccessful in controlling his dangerous heart rhythms, surgeons implanted a HeartMate II, or left ventricular assist device, that would keep him alive until a donor heart was found. He received that gift of life in January 2010. Paul is grateful to have an active life once again. He will participate in basketball and track at the Transplant Games.
Contact: Carol Wittman
SOURCE Texas Children's Hospital


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With the declared establishment of a caliphate in the overrun provinces of north Syria and Iraq, it might be time to revisit some of the religious terminology of this roiling region.
What we're seeing in the headlines is a rematch after centuries of violence between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims of the Mideast. Radical Sunni of the Islamic State (formerly known as ISIS and ISIL) have erupted from Syria, where they already had largely hijacked the stalled revolution from more moderate Sunnis, into Iraq where they've startled everyone.
They quickly captured Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city, killing hundreds of Shiite prisoners and claiming land within a few dozen miles of Baghdad. Iraqi Shiites have lined up to fight for their capital and want to eventually expel the hardline Sunni Islamists.
It's been 90 years since the last caliphate or reign of a religious/political ruler of Muslim lands.
Q: So why can't the Sunni and the Shiites get along? After all, doesn't the Qur'an say: "It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless by mistake?"
A: Both branches of Islam are bound by the same Qur'an, the same five pillars of Islam — belief in one God, daily prayer, fasting, charity and pilgrimage. Yet each faction has its own religious holidays, customs, heroes and shrines.
The key is who considers whom a "believer" or a "true" Muslim?
It dates to 632 and the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Who would become "caliph"— from the Arabic "khalifa" for successor — and assume leadership of the explosively expanding new religion?
Sunnis supported Abu Bakr, the Prophet's friend; Shiites felt the spiritual and temporal leader rightfully should be the Prophet's son-in-law and cousin, Ali bin Abu Talib.
While Ali eventually did become the fourth caliph, he was assassinated in 661 at the mosque of Kufa (south of Baghdad). One of his enemies, Muawiya, became caliph. Then al-Hussein, the son of Ali and maternal grandson of the Prophet, refused to acknowledge Muawiya's son as caliph and al-Hussein was massacred in 680 with his family and fighters at a Karbala battle.
The deaths fostered the Shiite sense of betrayal and martyrdom. While all of Islam reveres that tragic day, known as Ashura, Shiites traditionally stage elaborate rituals, often involving bloody self-flagellation in the streets.
Shiites still believe caliphs should come from the bloodline of the Prophet; they consider those who were elected or fought their way to power after Hussein usurpers.
Finding themselves the oppressed minority — more than 85 percent of the world's Muslims are Sunni — in most Islamic countries, the Shiite faith has a strong messianic element of waiting for deliverance. One tenant is the "hidden imam," Allah's messenger who will appear and bring justice.
In turn, many Sunnis, especially Saudi Arabia's fundamentalist Wahhabi sect, despise Shiites as a heretical cult. In the 1800s, Wahhabis accused the Shiites of idol worship and destroyed their shrines at Mecca, Medina, and Karbala.
The hyper-Islamists of the Taliban and Islamic State would wipe out what they call apostasy, including Shiite beliefs. In recent years, a key Shiite shrine was destroyed in Samarra, rebuilt and attacked again in Iraq's fighting.
Where are these factions located?
Syria is a majority-Sunni country, but the regime of President Bashar al-Assad is a close ally of Shiite-dominated Iran. Assad is neither Shiite nor Sunni, but Alawite, a minority sect also seen as heretics by radical Sunnis.
The deadly, drawn-out civil war there is largely Sunni against the Alawite regime. Christians, who also have fared well under the Damascus government, find themselves aligning mostly with Assad because of fear of Sunni reprisals. Christian towns have suffered from deadly Islamic State raids.
Then things got really exciting when Islamic State forces swarmed out of east Syria into a large chunk of Iraq.
Although Iraq has a Shiite majority, northern and western provinces are Sunni strongholds. Saddam Hussein was a Sunni who oppressed Shiites, fought a meat-grinding war with Iran and gassed the Kurds — an ethnic group of mixed Sunni and Shiite, now close to breaking off their own far-north swath of Iraq.
Since the U.S. invasion and withdrawal, most Sunnis, in turn, have felt abused by President Nuri Kemal Al-Maliki's Shiite-packed army and government in Baghdad. That's why many were content to see the Sunni-dominated Islamic State forces march in. Many insurgents have spent the last years riddling Shiite neighborhoods with car bombs.
Now Shiite militias are reorganizing to protect their many shrines and push back the intruders. Sectarian violence and security force assassinations of Sunnis are ramping up again.
Sectarian strife claimed the lives of 8,868 Iraqis in 2013, the United Nations counted. About 800 died in May of this year.
The conflict between the two factions is as political as religious now. Iran is now militarily aiding their fellow Shiites in Iraq, while Saudi Arabia to the south, the lodestar of Sunni Islam and an enemy of Iran, had been quietly supporting the Islamic State.
During the Arab Spring uprising, Shiite minorities were suppressed in Bahrain and Yemen. Hazara Shiite in Pakistan and Afghanistan often are targeted by the Taliban. Meanwhile South Lebanon's Hezbollah continues to vex Israel and sends thousands of Shiite fighters next door to shore up Assad.
Azerbaijan may be the last country where Shiites and Sunni pray together.
So what is this we heard June 29 about a caliph?
At its peak in the mid-1500s, the caliphate under Suleiman the Magnificent reached from the tip of Yemen to Vienna, Austria. The last caliph was deposed in 1924 in Turkey with the Ottoman Empire's collapse.
Re-establishing the caliphate represents the dream of restoring Islam to its glory days as an empire — with an attendant Medieval theocratic system of rule. Its return has been called for by Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, Southeast Asia's Jemaah Islamiya and, of course, al-Qaida.
The Islamic State declared its leader with the nom de guerre of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as "descendant from the family of the Prophet, the slave of God."
Not much is known about him. His full name is Ibrahim bin Awad bin Ibrahim bin Ali bin Mohammed Al-Badri Al-Qurashi Al-Hashimi Al-Husseini; he was supposedly born in Samarra, Iraq, and studied in Baghdad for a doctorate in Islamic studies.
The caliphate he now claims stretches from Aleppo in Syria to Iraq's Diyala province on the Iranian border and spits on old colonialist-imposed borders.
His spokesman said: "The legality of all emirates, groups, states and organizations becomes null by the expansion of the caliph's authority and the arrival of its troops to their areas. Listen to your caliph and obey him."
The story was compiled by Darryl Levings of The Star in part with information by Kimberly Winston of the Religion News Service.