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Research Projects
Our work is focused on fire retardancy and polymer degradation. Topics in these general areas which we have investigated over the past twenty years include: 1) the effect of additives on the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate); 2) Thermogravimetric analysis - coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA/FTIR, to understand the pathway of thermal degradation for a variety of polymers; 3) Graft copolymerization, both for its inherent interest and as a tool to enhance thermal and fire stability of polymers; 4) the correlation between cross-linking and thermal and fire stability; 5) Friedel-Crafts chemistry to enhance the thermal stability of styrenics; and 6) nanocomposite technology, both to better understand the structure - property relationships involved and particularly to use this to better enhance thermal and fire stability. The links indicated in this list will take you to publications from this group in each of the areas. In addition, we have been active contributors to edited books and also active in editing books. This link will take you to these contributions.
We continue to be active in most of these areas, including the use of TGA/FTIR, nanocomposite technology, and fire retardancy of polyureas, which are novel materials with excellent antiblast properties but which are very flammable. Our laboratory is reasonable well-equipped for studies of thermal and fire stability, a listing of the equipment can be found from this link.
There are active collaborations with Evagelos Manias at Penn State University, Kenneth Mauritz at the University of Southern Mississippi, Serge Bourbigot at Lille, Giovanni Camino at Turin, Jianqi Wang at the Beijing Institute of Technology, Shengpei Su at Hunan Normal University, Yuan Hu at University of Science and Technology of China and the researchers at NIST.
Office: Wehr Chemistry Building, TW 638
Office Phone: 414 288-7239
Lab number: Wehr Chemistry Building, TW 605
Lab Phone: 414 288-7772
Email: email@example.com


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Cnb Barcos en venta en España
CNB BORDEAUX 602018A demanda
The Bordeaux 60 The Bordeaux 60 is the first model of the new CNB Yachts range, built by CNB: as such, she takes full advantage of an over twenty years expertise in the design and building of superyachts. With Briand Yacht Design for the exterior and the interior by Couëdel Hugon Design (International Superyacht Awards in 2003 & 2007), the Bordeaux 60 combines modernity with original lines, a large number of storage spaces, performance under sail and easy manœuvring with a reduced crew.From the Design department to the workshops, the Bordeaux 60 has been the object of particular attentions: practical details making life on board easy (manoeuvring lines led back to the cockpit, access to the engine room, tender garage…), finish quality and choice of the best materials, without compromise.Until handover by our own crews.Each Bordeaux 60 is the fruit of a personalized relationship between the owner and the shipyard. An elegant, refined, comfortable, fast and seaworthy boat, each Bordeaux 60 is unique. Layout The elegance, comfort and spaciousness of the salon and galley make them the living centre of the Bordeaux 60.Various layout configurations, several wood finishes and a large choice of materials allow each owner to enjoy an interior to his exact taste. The Bordeaux 60 is offered in 3, 4 or 5 cabin versions, with numerous accommodations possibilities: forward or aft owner's cabin, central or lateral bed, skipper cabin or workshop forward … so that making your choice between the many possible combinations will probably be the most difficult thing, even with the help of our project team.Más251
CNB 762018A demanda
Seaworthy, elegant, efficient, comfortable and easy to handle, the new CNB 76 embodies 25 years of CNB excellence. With her superb proportions and a unique elegance signed by talented, worldfamous naval architect Philippe Briand, her lines perfectly integrate a raised saloon, ideal when sailing as well as at a mooring. The layouts are as harmonious as they are comfortable and truly functional. Designed by designer Jean-Marc Piaton, they can accommodate a professional crew whose presence and activity shall by no means disturb the owner's and his guests' privacy.Más391
CNB 662018A demanda
The CNB 66 redefines the possibilities of a 20-metres yacht. The flowing and well proportioned lines drawn by Philippe Briand conceal exceptional volume, exploited with all our expertise. Inside and out, elegance combines with simplicity through maximum integration of equipment and fittings.Taking on the family resemblance, the CNB 66 reflects the values that make the reputation of CNB yachts on all the world's oceans: quality, elegance and performance. The CNB 66 was designed for freedom in comfort and privacy. We designed the hull lines with the triple objective of increasing the volume, performance and seaworthiness. Design features such as the beam, the aft chine, the vertical stern… are the ingredients that enable achievement of this optimum. The deck is organised to facilitate operations, relaxation, security of guests and access to the sea. Yes, the CNB 66 will sail fast and far in complete safety. With the design of the CNB 66,we wanted to eliminate constraints and give the word freedom a nautical definition… The CNB 66 is first and foremost a CNB, from which it takes the name, the heritage and the style, a blend of tradition and modernity. It fits between the legendary Bordeaux 60 and the CNB 76. In terms of design, we naturally wanted to make it the little sister of the 76, from which it adopts the seaworthy, elegant and contemporary general style that we wish to give to this new CNB generation.From the Bordeaux 60 it inherits the intimate, warm and friendly features, with a large square table, its vast adaptable sofa, and its galley open to the saloon. But the 66 is different, it is unique: a new era for CNB Yacht Builders.Más101
CNB 942018A demanda
The CNB 94: A modern approach to the superyacht… For many years, CNB has demonstrated its expertise in the design and construction of large one-offs (Chrisco, Grand Bleu Vintage, Hamilton II, Only Now, Victoria T, Simeron, Spip to name but a few) as well as successful semi-custom ranges… We remember the CNB 73s and then the CNB 77s and 70s designed by Philippe Briand, as we also recall the magnificent CNB 76s designed by German Frers. Subsequently, thanks to its mastery of its production facilities, its unique manufacturing equipment and methods, CNB is able to offer luxury yachts in fiberglass and carbon composite at reasonable, controlled prices. Today, we are proud to present the CNB 94, a fusion of high technology and our experience as yachtsmen. On the "drawing board", our ambition was to push the boundaries, to go even further to create a yacht that is happy to steer for distant horizons and can be handled by a small crew despite its ninety-two feet. With her elegant, contemporary design, her sleek lines and her admission of light, the 94' will appeal to yachtsmen wishing to acquire a luxury performance yacht that is comfortable and easy to handle for magnificent extended offshore cruises. A boat that sails well but also provides excellent accommodation, the 94 is designed by Philippe Briand, designer of the Bordeaux 60, CNB 66 and CNB 76, one of the world's leading naval architects, the winner of many prestigious international awards. "The 94 is well-behaved but exhilarating, thanks to the skills of CNB. This is a new yacht born from the same heritage as the Bordeaux 60, CNB 66 and CNB 76. She shares and maximises certain characteristics such as maneuverability, performance, ease of maintenance, the large panoramic saloon…" Philippe Briand The CNB 94 is offered with several fit-out and interior design options to satisfy the wishes of each owner. The most advanced technologies in terms of pollution control equipment are installed. Lastly, for enthusiasts of uncompromising performance, the 94 is also offered in an all-carbon version, from hull to masthead. CNB is thus offering much more than a semi-custom, but rather a unique yacht, designed to accommodate the choices and desires of each of its owners.Más5
En venta porX
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Hollow Earth Monument of Capt. John Cleves Symmes has been chosen as the Sight of the Week by the editors of RoadsideAmerica.com.
The monument will be featured as the lead story on the RoadsideAmerica.com website for the week of July 6-12.
It will also be listed and mapped on the Roadside America app for iPhone, which allows travelers to find and visit attractions while on the road.


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Applying for a DNP program & need to write own recommendations
Hi All,
I am applying to a DNP program in psychiatry and need three letters of recommendation. All of my writers would like for me to write my own recommendation to use as a draft to start from for the finished draft they actually submit. I think this is a great idea because it allows me to address some skills and assets that may not be remembered by the writer however I want to make sure I do it correctly. Any ideas/suggestions or resources about writing a letter of recommendation anyone may be able to give me? Examples of actual letters that someone used that were written for students who were accepted into their program they applied to would be greatly appreciated!
About butterflyeffect
Joined: Jan '08; Posts: 65; Likes: 27


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Comedian Victoria Wood Dies Aged 62
Comedian Victoria Wood has died at the age of 62 after a short battle with cancer, her publicist has said.
Comedian Victoria Wood has died aged 62 after 'a short but brave' battle with cancer, her publicist has said.
Neil Reading, the PR agency said: "Victoria Wood has sadly passed away, after a short but brave battle with cancer.
"The multi Bafta award-winning writer, director, actor and comedian died peacefully at her north London home with family this morning. She was 62. The family ask for privacy at this very sad time."
Writers and comedians have taken to Twitter to pay their condolences and remember her greatest achievements.
So incredibly sad to hear that Victoria Wood has died. A true comedy icon.— Sarah Millican (@SarahMillican75) April 20, 2016
So upset that Victoria Wood has passed away. I got to spend an afternoon with her through @BAFTA .It was one of the best moments of my life.— Sharon Rooney (@sharonrooney) April 20, 2016
RIP, the briilliant, brilliant Victoria Wood x— Sue Perkins (@sueperkins) April 20, 2016
Victoria Wood was a national treasure loved by millions. My thoughts are with her family.— David Cameron (@David_Cameron) April 20, 2016
A world without Victoria Wood is a sad sad thing. My first major crush. R.I.P beautiful. 2016...the year of taking the greats.— Danny Dyer (@MrDDyer) April 20, 2016
Deeply saddened by the news of Victoria Wood's passing. She meant so much to so many. RIP— Jamie Bell (@1jamiebell) April 20, 2016
Oh my goodness dear Victoria wood has passed away. Heartbreaking #ripvictoriawood— Zoe Ball (@ZoeTheBall) April 20, 2016
Oh, Victoria Wood. You were SO my hero. I can quote whole scripts by heart.— Caitlin Moran (@caitlinmoran) April 20, 2016
Seeing Victoria Wood on TV - working class, bookish, silly, clever, doing stand-up, singing, acting - made me think "Girls can do this."— Caitlin Moran (@caitlinmoran) April 20, 2016
Wood shot to fame as part of a comedy duo with Julie Walters, and since then became one of Britain's most popular standup comics.
She also wrote and starred in the TV series Dinner Ladies in 1998.


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Philip Bates Trust
The Trust was set up to honour the life of Philip Bates, a young man from Castle Bromwich, Birmingham, who was tragically killed shortly after his 19th birthday in March 2000
A Touch of Basil
A Touch Of Basil is the Philip Bates Trust's annual concert featuring a wide range of performers representing a panoply of musical styles.
Philip Bates Prize for Composers and Songwriters
The Philip Bates Trust and Birmingham Conservatoire jointly run the annual Philip Bates Prize for Composers and Songwriters.
About the Trust
Philip was a keen musician who appreciated a wide variety of styles; he should have gone on to study Music and English at Lancaster University.
Objectives of the Trust
The Philip Bates Trust aims to advance the education of young people under the age of 25 in the arts by:
The provision of awards to encourage and support their pursuit of creative and artistic achievement.
The provision of financial support to projects or workshops, which aim to develop creative and artistic interests and skills in young people.
Forthcoming Events
Ashleyan Opera Prize
April 2019, Royal Birmingham Conservatoire
Click event name for more details
A Touch of Basil 2018


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
For showtimes, call this number: 360 816-0352 Admission Prices: Unless otherwise noted, all shows before 6pm are $6, sho...ws starting after 6pm are $7. Showtimes vary, please check website for showtimes: www.kigginstheatre.com See More
Screen Count: 1
Vancouver's independently minded, community focused movie theater.
Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Kiggins Theatre
Kiggins theater is awesome!! The people are always friendly, the prices can't be beat, and they play the best old movies!! Along with their special events like the Dr Who showings, sing-alongs, and (my favorite), the old Christmas movie double features! You're missing out if you don't visit Kiggins theater!!
Great venue. Great events. I love it that they use their theatre for Classic movies and community events. And it is beautifully refinished.
Screen Count: 1
Kiggins Theatre can be found at Main St 1011. The following is offered: Theaters. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In Vancouver there are 4 other Theaters. An overview can be found here.


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Zoo Ave in La Garita: La Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza
Yesterday we finally managed to visit a local attraction, which everyone seems to like quite a bit. It's called Zoo Ave and it isn't really a zoo – despite its name. It's a countrywide non-profit organization dedicated to rescue and rehabilitate wild animals, mostly forest creatures, so that they might be re-introduce into their natural […]Read more "Zoo Ave in La Garita: La Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza"


text: Some of our offerings NBN Residental $144/month Up Your Game 100/40 1000GB Static IP 12 Month Contract $75 Setup fee Learn More See Options NBN Residental $77/month Enjoy Content 25/10 100GB Static IP 12 Month Contract $75 Setup fee Learn More See Options NBN Residental $99/month Game and Steam 100/40 350GB Static IP Ranges & BGP 12 Month Contract $75 Setup fee Learn More See Options Products Company Network Products Miniport are an Australian owned and operated supplier for NBN and dedicated internet solutions Think, Design, Build All of our products are designed to excel past industry standards and expectations. We are consistently innovating and refining our product line to provide the easiest to use and most reliable services to all of our clients What it means to be Miniport Easy to understand, Easy to Use Always Current, Never Legacy Help Everyone you can, Peer with everyone you can't Innovate everything for nothing is yet perfect Company Miniport are a Australian based provider of residential, corperate, wholesale data and cloud services A Short Introduction Miniport are engineering the future of connectivity for all Australians though an inspired and innovative approach to NBN solutions. Be it for residential use, small business or corporate, Miniport have a product to help you reach the next level in your online endeavors Miniport is a labor of love that started as a hobby project in 2013 Somthing diffrent 100% Australian Based Staff and is 100% owned by Australian people Miniport have receved $0 in outside investment Miniports managment team have over 70 years of experiance working in ISP's, datacenters and corperate and government networks Miniport puts quality above profits, We were formed to excel and that comes before all else Network Miniports network is built to cutting egde specifications About our Network Miniport utilise peering routes to IX Australia, Amazon, Megaport and many others to ensure our network has the best coverage to every corner of the globe Network Features Miniports network has huge redundancy and has been built to provide high security and stability Advanced Quality of Service ensures real time applications run in real time Open Peering Policy Built on fiber technology IPv4 & IPv6 Enabled Congestion Free 100% Australian based Sales, Support and Engineers Why choose Miniport? The quality of our support is unmatched We take support one step further by tailoring our replies to suit your knowledge, expectations and personality. We're passionate about what we do What sets us apart from the competition is that we're passionate about the products and services we provide. Above that, the support we provide is what makes us unique. We welcome and act on your feedback We're always looking to improve our business. From providing new to features, to assisting customers by providing more tutorials, we listen and act. We care More than anything else Miniport cares- We are not a mindless corporate zombie hell bent on profits. We love the Internet and we want to help remove some of the BS and make it great again.


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These tasty lamb patties are juicy and flavorful, with incredibly clean ingredients. Whether you're strict paleo, autoimmune protocol (AIP), or avoiding FODMAPs, these delicious patties will nourish you without being bland or boring. In fact, they pack some fantastic flavour with the ginger and green onions. You can make them into bite sized patties to have for breakfast, or sliders or burgers for lunch or dinner. They also make a great snack.
{ 383 comments }


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SNFs lose appeal in Medicaid case that lessens reimbursements
The ruling shows the difficult of launching a successful challenge to CMS-approved amendment, one expert said
A group of Pennsylvania nursing homes lost their court battle this week over an amendment to their state's Medicaid plan that cut their reimbursements.
The case, Christ the King Manor, Inc., v. HHS, stemmed from a 2008 amendment to Pennsylvania's Medicaid plan that paid skilled nursing facilities less than the rate paid under the existing plan. Fifty-three nursing homes sued the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for approving the amendment, arguing the agency did not take the cuts' effect on their quality of care into consideration.
In 2013 a court reversed the amendment. The next year CMS reopened the case to examine how the amended reimbursement rates affected nursing home quality. A state report submitted as part of the case included data pulled from 2008 and 2009, which "obviously did not exist when CMS initially approved the plan amendment in December 2008," according to court documents.
The nursing homes fired back, arguing that CMS' reevaluation of the amendment violated federal regulations by using actual quality data from 2008 and 2009, rather than predictive data that was available when the agency first reviewed the amendment proposal.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit on Monday upheld CMS' plan to approve the amendment, finding that the use of data gathered after the amendment took effect did not conflict with earlier court decisions in the case.
Healthcare attorneys were watching the case closely, Bloomberg BNA reported, to see whether CMS would be allowed to review Medicaid plan amendments using data other than the predictive data used to initially get the amendment approved.
"The decision demonstrates the difficulty of successfully challenging CMS approvals of rate amendments," Lloyd Bookman, an attorney with Hooper Lundy & Bookman, told Bloomberg.


text: August 14, 2003In 2002, digital camera shipments into Western Europe increased by over 100% and reached in excess of 8 million units, which translated into $3.4 billion in end-user spend. By the end of 2004 IDC forecasts that this number will have doubled again to over 16 million units and should then begin to level out and reach close to 20 million units by the end of 2007. "Growth on 2001 was largely due to the raft of new products introduced and the migration of product ranges up the megapixel curve," said Paul Withington, senior research analyst for IDC's European Peripherals research group...More


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The Science Behind Ultimate Gum Solution
When your body lacks proper nutrition, it loses strength in your vital Immune system.
Suddenly your body no longer has the ability to fight against dangerous bacteria .
This phenomena creates Degenerative Diseases that lead to many illnesses in our body.
Ultimate Gum Solution is 100% natural liquid nutrition with the strongest Antibacteria available to fight gum degeneration.
Ultimate Gum Solution Formula Follows Exactly The Same Results of Dr. Weston Price's D.D.S.Research Information. Dr. Price has been called the Charles Darwin of Nutrition in America. He has traveled the world to discover the cause Of Dental Decay.
His final conclusion was 'the cause of dental decay was nutritional Deficiencies'. Through my own research I met Dr. George Meinig, D.D.S. who is widely known as a meticulous researcher specializing in Dr. Price's Focal Infection Theory and Lack of Nutrition and Degenerative Diseases.
"I have had bleeding gums for over 30 years. Time and time again I have tried both professionally and personally to stop the problem. Three nights ago I tried your product, the Ultimate Gum Solution. It stopped the bleeding on the second Night! And it's completely healed! This is the best thing I have ever used and I have used dozens Over the years. Thank you so much!"
-Mike Phillips, CEO of Monastery Of Herbs
"..I've been using this Ultimate Gum Solution for over 3 weeks now and I was pleasantly surprised after the first use overnight...in the morning my gums didn't feel tight as if they were swelling. Since then, I've been using it faithfully on a daily basis and haven't experienced any problems..."
-Jenny Inniss (Blogger)
"According to my hygienist, I have the beginnings of gum disease…Ultimate Gum Solution has arrested the recession of my gums and so they're stable right now…..."
-Doug Erlandson
What Dental Experts Say
The selection of ingredients in the Ultimate Gum Solution™ formula, are the result of several years of research and works by oral health experts, sucn as Dr. Weston Price, DDS. and Dr. George Meinig, DDS.
Featured products
75 Percent of Adults Over 35 Have Some Forms of Gum Disease
Here are The Signs and Symptoms YOU Should Look For NOW:
Gums that bleed when you brush your teeth.
Gums that are tender,swollen,red and discomfort when chewing food.
Constant bad breath are expelled whenever you open your mouth.
Gums that lost power to hold teeth securely.
Pus in the crevice between your teeth and gums.
Teeth that have been lost, loose and separating.
A misaligned bite between upper and lower jaw contact.
Ill fitting partial dentures.
These Signs of Gum Disease Related Problems are Mostly from Lack of Vitamins and Nutrition by Loosing The Strength of Immune System which Causes of Degenerative Diseases.
Lab Tested by Dr. Ner H. Azula, D.D.S."We tested 57 of our own dental patients, and the results showed up to 91% positive results
within 3 to 7 days, for symptoms such as bad breath, swollen gums, receding gums, toothache..."
Dr. Ner H. Azula, D.D.S.
(Note: The numbers represent the percentage of patients with certain results, motly within 7days)
Healthy Gum Treament Tips
If you have been told you have periodontal (gum) disease, you're not alone. Many adults in the U.S. currently have some form of the disease. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease that results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth.
Gum Disease & General Health Tips
- 100% Guarantee Click here for more info
- Blog and Gum Disease Information Click here for more Gum Disease information


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Special equipment: a large pastry bag fitted with an open tip
Make the cream puffs: In a medium saucepan, combine the butter, granulated sugar, salt and 1 cup water. Bring to a boil over medium heat. Remove the pan from the heat and sift the flour directly into the pan. Stir the mixture into a paste with a wooden spoon. Return the pan to a medium heat. Stir the mixture until it pulls away from the sides of the pan and is slightly shiny, about 3 minutes.
Transfer the paste to a medium bowl, and beat with a wooden spoon until slightly cooled, about 2 to 3 minutes. Add the 3 eggs, one at a time, incorporating each one thoroughly before adding the next. Before adding the third egg, beat it in a small bowl. Adding it by tablespoons to the mixture, just until the batter is smooth and tight. If the batter starts to get loose, do not add all of the last egg.
Place a rack in the middle of the oven and preheat to 400 degrees F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Fill a large pastry bag, fitted with an open tip, with the cream puff mixture. Pipe twelve
2 1/2-inch circular mounds, about 2 inches apart, onto the prepared pan. (Alternately, use a large spoon to form the dough into the mounds.) Dab the tops of each puff with a fingertip dipped in water to smooth the tops. Beat the egg yolk with a tablespoon of water and brush the surface of the puffs with the beaten yolk.
Bake in the middle of the oven for 15 minutes. Reduce the oven temperature to 350 degrees F; continue baking until golden brown and the puffs are light, airy, and crisp, about 30 to 35 minutes more. Cool on a rack.
Assemble the cream puffs: Cut the puffs in half with a serrated knife, and set the tops aside. (If the puffs are very moist inside, scoop out the excess dough and re-crisp them in a 350 degree F. oven for about 5 minutes. Cool completely before continuing.) Put a heaping tablespoon of the fruit in the bottom halves of the cream puffs. Pipe or spoon about 1/3 cup of the Chocolate Whipped Cream on top. Replace the puff tops. Refrigerate for up to 3 hours or serve immediately.
Yield: 12 cream puffs
Beat the cream in a medium bowl with an electric mixer or a whisk, until it begins to hold a loose peak. Sift the confectioners' sugar into the cream. Continue beating until the cream holds a firm but still soft peak. Set aside.
Put the chocolate in a clean, medium, microwaveable bowl. Melt the chocolate in the microwave, at half power, at 30 second intervals, until softened and warm. Whisk until smooth and liquid. (Alternatively melt the chocolate in a double boiler.)
Fold about 1/2 cup of the whipped cream into the warm chocolate to lighten it. Add the lightened chocolate mixture back to the remaining whipped cream, folding until completely blended. Store in an airtight container until ready to use. It's best used the same day it is prepared.
Yield: about 4 cups
Copyright 2001 Television Food Network, GP. All rights reserved
Check Out Our
Get a sneak-peek of the new Food Network recipe page and give us your feedback.See it Now!


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Have your say!
Welcome to the 2017 Golden Tap Awards! The Golden Tap Awards is the only major beer awards event in Ontario predominately determined by public vote by beer lovers in the province.
YOU decide the best in beer in Ontario! Below you are able to vote for your favourite breweries, beers, pubs and brewpubs in Ontario. It's truly Ontario's democratic beer awards.
You can vote for as many categories as you wish. Please be as detailed as you can when completing your vote. VOTING CLOSES TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12th, 2017 at 10:00pm. One vote only per person.


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We are now at the point where we can discuss why molecular clouds collapse to form stars, and explore the basic physics of that collapse. We will first look at instabilities that cause collapse, and then discuss what happens when collapse occurs.
4.1. Stability Conditions
In considering whether molecular clouds can collapse, it is helpful to look at the virial theorem, equation (85). We can group the terms on the right hand side into those that are generally or always positive, and thus oppose collapse, and those that are generally or always negative, and thus encourage it. The main terms opposing collapse are , which contains parts describing both thermal pressure and turbulent motion, and , which describes magnetic pressure and tension. The main terms favoring collapse are , representing self-gravity, and s, representing surface pressure. The final term, the surface one, could be positive or negative depending on whether mass is flowing into our out of the virial volume. We will begin by examining the balance among these terms, and the forces they represent.
4.1.1. Thermal Pressure: the Bonnor-Ebert Mass
To begin with, consider a cloud where magnetic forces are negligible, so we need only consider pressure and gravity. For simplicity we'll adopt a spherical geometry, since more complex geometries only change the result by factors of order unity, and we will neglect the flux of mass across the cloud surface, since on average that contributes neither to support nor to collapse. Thus we have a spherical cloud of mass M and radius R, bounded by an external medium that exerts a pressure Ps at its surface. The material in the cloud has a one-dimensional velocity dispersion (including thermal and non-thermal motions). With this assumption, the terms that appear on the right-hand side of the virial theorem are
| (93)
where a is a constant of order unity that depends on the internal density distribution of the cloud.
If we wish the cloud to be in virial equilibrium, then we have
which we can re-arrange to
This expression has an interesting feature. If we consider a cloud of fixed M and and vary the radius R, we find that Ps has a maximum value
We can understand what is going on physically as follows. Consider starting a cloud at very large radius R. In this case its self-gravity is negligible, so the second term in parentheses is can be dropped, but the mean density is very low and so the pressure is low. As we decrease the radius the pressure rises initially, but as the radius gets larger self-gravity starts to become important, and more and more of the cloud's internal pressure goes to holding it up against self-gravity, rather than against the external surface pressure. Eventually we reach a point where further contraction is counter-productive and actually lowers the surface pressure.
Now turn this around: if we consider a cloud with a fixed mass and internal velocity dispersion, and we vary the surface pressure, this means that, once the pressure exceeds a fixed value, there is no way that the cloud can remain in virial equilibrium. Instead, it must collapse. The maximum possible pressure is a decreasing function of mass, so larger and larger masses become progressively more and more unstable.
In order to be more quantitative about this, we need to know the value of a, which depends on the internal density distribution. We can solve for this by writing down the equation of hydrostatic balance for the cloud and finding the value of a from the self-consistently determined density distribution. We won't do so in these notes, but the result can be found in standard textbooks. The result is that the maximum mass that can be held up in an environment where the surface pressure is Ps is
This is known as the Bonnor-Ebert mass. The scalings chosen for and Ps are typical of the thermal sound speed and the pressure in molecular clouds, and it is certainly interesting that when we plug in these values we get something like the typical mass of a star.
Of course if we put in the typical observed velocity dispersion in molecular clouds, ~ a few km s-1, we get a vastly larger mass - more like 104 - 106 M, the mass of a GMC. This makes sense. It's equivalent to our statement from above that the virial ratios of molecular clouds are about unity. However, turbulent support is a tricky thing. It doesn't work everywhere. In some places the turbulent flows come together and cancel out, and in those places the velocity dispersion drops to the thermal value, and collapse can occur if the mass exceeds the Bonnor-Ebert mass. We'll return to this idea of large-scale support by turbulence coupled with localized collapse in the final section.
4.1.2. Magnetic Support: the Magnetic Critical Mass
Now let us consider a cloud where the magnetic term in the virial theorem greatly exceeds the kinetic one. Again, we'll consider a simple case to get the basic scalings: a uniform spherical cloud of radius R threaded by a magnetic field B. We imagine that B is uniform inside the cloud, but that outside the cloud the field lines quickly spread out, so that the magnetic field drops down to some background strength B0, which is also uniform but has a magnitude much smaller than B.
The magnetic term in the virial theorem is
If the field inside the cloud is much larger than the field outside it, then the first term, representing the integral of the magnetic pressure within the cloud, is
Here we have dropped any contribution from the field outside the cloud. The second term, representing the surface magnetic pressure and tension, is
Since the field lines that pass through the cloud must also pass through the virial surface, it is convenient to rewrite everything in terms of the magnetic flux. The flux passing through the cloud is B = B R2, and since these field lines must also pass through the virial surface, we must have B = B0 R02 as well. Thus, we can rewrite the magnetic term in the virial theorem as
In the last step we used the fact that R << R0 to drop the 1 / R0 term.
Now let us compare this to the gravitational term, which is
for a uniform cloud of mass M. Comparing these two terms, we find that
We call M the magnetic critical mass.
Since both B does not change as a cloud expands or contracts (due to flux-freezing), this magnetic critical mass does not change either. The implication of this is that clouds that have M > M always have + < 0. The magnetic force is unable to halt collapse no matter what. Clouds that satisfy this condition are called magnetically supercritical, because they are above the magnetic critical mass M. Conversely, if M < M, then + > 0, and gravity is weaker than magnetism.
Clouds satisfying this condition are called subcritical. For a subcritical cloud, since + 1 / R, this term will get larger and larger as the cloud shrinks. In other words, not only is the magnetic force resisting collapse is stronger than gravity, it becomes larger and larger without limit as the cloud is compressed to a smaller radius. Unless the external pressure is also able to increase without limit, which is unphysical, then there is no way to make a magnetically subcritical cloud collapse. It will always stabilize at some finite radius. The only way to get around this is to change the magnetic critical mass, which requires changing the magnetic flux through the cloud. This is possible only via ambipolar diffusion or some other non-ideal MHD effect that violates flux-freezing.
Of course our calculation is for a somewhat artificial configuration of a spherical cloud with a uniform magnetic field. In reality a magnetically-supported cloud will not be spherical, since the field only supports it in some directions, and the field will not be uniform, since gravity will always bend it some amount. Figuring out the magnetic critical mass in that case requires solving for the cloud structure numerically. A calculation of this effect by Tomisaka et al. [17] gives
for clouds for which pressure support is negligible. The numerical coefficient we got for the uniform cloud case is 0.17, so this is obviously a small correction. It is also possible to derive a combined critical mass that incorporates both the flux and the sound speed, and which limits to the Bonnor-Ebert mass for negligible field and the magnetic critical mass for negligible pressure.
Given that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can prevent the collapse of a cloud, it is a critical question whether molecular clouds are super- or subcritical. This must be answered empirically. Observations of magnetic fields in molecular clouds are extremely difficult, and we will not take the time to go into the various techniques that are used. Nonetheless, the observations at this point do seem to show that molecular clouds are magnetically supercritical, although not by a lot - see Figure 4. However, since this is a difficult observation, this interpretation of the data is not universally accepted.
Figure 4. Measurements of the line of sight magnetic field strength Blos in a sample of molecular cloud cores, as a function of the number density of H2 molecules N21 (in units of 1021 molecules cm-2). Filled points show detections, while empty points show upper limits. The dashed line is the division between magnetically subcritical (above the line) and magnetically supercritical (below the line). Error bars are 1. The solid line is a linear fit to the data. The magnetic field strengths shown here were measured using the Zeeman effect. Reprinted with permission from the AAS from [18].
4.2. Collapsing Cores
4.2.1. Spherical collapse
The simplest case to think about, and a good one to understand some of the basic physical processes, is the collapse of a non-rotating, non-turbulent, isothermal spherical core without a magnetic field, supported by thermal pressure. Of course none of these assumptions are strictly true, but they give us a place to begin our study. Moreover, the assumption that collapsing regions, called cores, are not strongly supersonic is reasonable, since collapse tends to occur in places where the turbulent velocities cancel. Observations show this, e.g. as illustrated in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Measurements of the velocity dispersion of the gas in and around a dense core, measured using ammonia (NH3) lines. The grayscale image on the left shows the velocity dispersion as a function of position, and on the right the figure shows the measured spectra at the indicated positions. Reprinted with permission from the AAS from [19].
Density and Velocity Profiles Consider a sphere of gas with an initial density distribution (r). We would like to know how the gas moves under the influence of gravity and thermal pressure, under the assumption of spherical symmetry. For convenience we define the enclosed mass
or equivalently
The equation of mass conservation for the gas in spherical coordinates is
| (111)
where v is the radial velocity of the gas.
It is useful to write the equations in terms of Mr rather than , so we take the time derivative of Mr to get
In the second step we used the mass conservation equation to substitute for t, and in the final step we used the definition of Mr to substitute for . To figure out how the gas moves, we write down the Navier-Stokes equation without viscosity, which is just the Lagrangean version of the momentum equation:
where fg is the gravitational force. For the momentum equation, we take advantage of the fact that the gas is isothermal to write P = cs2. The gravitational force is fg = -G Mr / r2. Thus we have
For a given set of initial conditions, it is generally very easy to solve these equations numerically, and in some cases to solve them analytically. To get a sense of what to expect, let's think about the behavior in the limit of zero gas pressure, i.e. cs = 0. We take the gas to be at rest at t = 0. This is not as bad an approximation as you might think. Consider the virial theorem: the thermal pressure term is just proportional to the mass, since the gas sound speed stays about constant. On the other hand, the gravitational term varies as 1/R. Thus, even if pressure starts out competitive with gravity, as the core collapses the dominance of gravity will increase, and before too long the collapse will resemble a pressureless one.
In this case the momentum equation is trivial:
This just says that a shell's inward acceleration is equal to the gravitational force per unit mass exerted by all the mass interior to it, which is constant. We can then solve for the velocity as a function of position:
where r0 is the position at which a particular fluid element starts. To integrate again and solve for r, we make the substitution r = r0 cos2 [20]:
| (117)
We are interested in the time at which a given fluid element reaches the origin, r = 0. This corresponds to = / 2, so this time is
Suppose that the gas we started with was of uniform density , so that Mr = (4/3) r03 . In this case we have
where we have defined the free-fall time tff: it is the time required for a uniform sphere of pressureless gas to collapse to infinite density.
For a uniform fluid this means that the collapse is synchronized - all the mass reaches the origin at the exact same time. A more realistic case is for the initial state to have some level of central concentration, so that the initial density rises inward. Let's take the initial density profile to be = c (r / rc)-, where > 0 so the density rises inward. The corresponding enclosed mass is
Plugging this in, the collapse time is
Since > 0, this means that the collapse time increases with initial radius r0.
This illustrates one of the most basic features of a collapse, which will continue to hold even in the case where the pressure is non-zero. Collapse of centrally concentrated objects occurs inside-out, meaning that the inner parts collapse before the outer parts. Within the collapsing region near the star, the density profile also approaches a characteristic shape. If the radius of a given fluid element r is much smaller than its initial radius r0, then its velocity is roughly
where we have defined the free-fall velocity vff as the characteristic speed achieved by an object collapsing freely onto a mass Mr.
The mass conservation equation is
If we are near the star so that v vff, then this implies that
To the extent that we look at a short interval of time, over which the accretion rate does not change much (so that Mr / t is roughly constant), this implies that the density near the star varies as r-3/2.
The characteristic accretion rate What sort of accretion rate do we expect from a collapse like this? For a core of mass Mc = [4/(3 - )] c rc3, the last mass element arrives at the center at a time
so the time-averaged accretion rate is
In order to get a sense of the numerical value of this, let us suppose that our collapsing object is a marginally unstable Bonnor-Ebert sphere, with mass
where Ps is the pressure at the surface of the sphere and cs is the thermal sound speed in the core. Let's suppose that the surface of the core, at radius rc, is in thermal pressure balance with its surroundings. Thus Ps = c cs2, so we may rewrite the Bonnor-Ebert mass as
A Bonnor-Ebert sphere doesn't have a powerlaw structure, but if we substitute into our equation for the accretion rate and say that the factor of [3/(3 - )]1/2 is a number of order unity, we find that the accretion rate is
This is an extremely useful expression, because we know the sound speed cs from microphysics. Thus, we have calculated the rough accretion rate we expect to be associated with the collapse of any object that is marginally stable based on thermal pressure support. Plugging in cs = 0.2 km s-1, we get 2 × 10-6 M yr-1 as the characteristic accretion rate for these objects.
Since the typical stellar mass is a few tenths of M, based on the peak of the IMF, this means that the characteristic star formation time is of order 105 - 106 yr. Of course this conclusion about the accretion rate only applies to collapsing objects that are supported mostly by thermal pressure. Other sources of support produce higher accretion rates; this is typically the case for massive stars.
4.2.2. Rotation Collapse and the Angular Momentum Problem
The next element to add to this picture is rotation. We characterize the importance of rotation through the ratio of rotational kinetic energy to gravitational binding energy, which we denote . If the angular velocity of the rotation is and the moment of inertia of the core is I, this is
where a is our usual numerical factor that depends on the mass distribution. For a sphere of uniform density , we get
Thus we can estimate simply given the density of a core and its measured velocity gradient. Observed values of are typically a few percent [21].
Let us consider how rotation affects the collapse, for a simple core of constant angular velocity . Consider a fluid element that is initially at some distance r0 from the axis of rotation. We will consider it to be in the equatorial plane, since fluid elements at equal radius above the plane have less angular momentum, and thus will fall into smaller radii. Its initial angular momentum in the direction along the rotation axis is j = r02 .
If pressure forces are insignificant for this fluid element, it will travel ballistically, and its specific angular momentum and energy will remain constant as it travels. At its closest approach to the central star plus disk, its radius is rmin and by conservation of energy its velocity is vmax = (2 G M* / rmin)1/2, where M* is the mass of the star plus the disk material interior to this fluid element's position. Conservation of angular momentum them implies that j = rmin vmax.
Combining these two equations for the two unknowns rmin and vmax, we have
where we have substituted in for 2 in terms of . This tells us the radius at which infalling material must go into a disk because conservation of angular momentum and energy will not let it get any closer.
We can equate the stellar mass M* with the mass that started off interior to this fluid element's position - this amounts to assuming that the collapse is perfectly inside-out, and that the mass that collapses before this fluid element's all makes it onto the star. If we make this approximation, then M* = (4/3) r03, and we get
i.e. the radius at which the fluid element settles into a disk is simply proportional to times a numerical factor of order unity.
We shouldn't take the factor too seriously, since of course real clouds aren't uniform spheres in solid body rotation, but the result that rotation starts to influence collapse and force disk formation at a radius that is a few percent of the core radius is interesting. It implies that for cores that are ~ 0.1 pc in size and have values typical of what is observed, they should start to become rotationally flattened at radii of several hundred AU. This will be the typical size scale of protostellar disks.
In order for mass to actually get to a star, of course, its angular momentum must be redistributed outwards. It must get from hundreds of AU to << 1 AU. Fortunately, disks are devices whose sole purpose is to separate mass and angular momentum. We will not spend any more time on disks (which could form an entire lecture series of their own), except to say that they provide numerous possible mechanisms to remove the angular momentum from the bulk of the mass and allow it to reach the star.
4.2.3. Magnetized Collapse and the Magnetic Flux Problem
So far we have only dealt with pressure, rotation, and gravity. Now we will add magnetic fields to the picture. We will assume that we have a magnetically supercritical core, so that we need not worry about magnetic fields significantly inhibiting the collapse. Instead, we will work on a second problem: that of the magnetic flux.
As we discussed earlier, observed magnetic fields make cores marginally supercritical, but only by factors of a few. If the collapse occurs in the ideal-MHD regime, where perfect flux-freezing holds, then this mass to flux ratio doesn't change. What sort of magnetic field would we then expect stars to have? For the Sun, if we had M = M / 2, then we would expect the mean magnetic field to be
For comparison, the observed mean surface magnetic field of the Sun is a few Gauss. Clearly this means that the Sun, and other stars like it, must have lost most of their magnetic fields during the collapse process. This means that the ideal MHD regime cannot apply, and resistivity or some other non-ideal effect must become significant.
There are two mechanisms which can lead to violation of flux-freezing in cores: ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic resistivity. As we saw in the last section, ambipolar diffusion will cause ions and neutrals to begin decoupling on scales below ~ 0.5 pc.
Decoupling does not prevent the field from increasing at all - there is always some inward drag exerted on the ions by the infalling neutrals, even if it is weak. This will eventually increase the field strength, which leads to the second effect: Ohmic resistivity. As the field lines are pressed closer together, field lines of opposite direction come into close proximity. When this happens, the field can reconnect, meaning that its topology changes and drops to a lower energy state. The excess energy is released in the form of heat. The microphysics of this process is not fully understood, but we see it happening in plasmas like the solar corona, where it is associated with flaring. Something similar must happen in protostellar cores in order to explain the observed low magnetic fields of stars.


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- adj. Involving active participation; applied, as opposed to theoretical: "We're involved in hands-on operations, pulling levers, pushing buttons" ( Arthur R. Taylor).
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- adj. involving active participation
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- adj. involving active participation
Sorry, no etymologies found.
'This is what you called a hands-on job,' she said.
F = Designer and artisan: professions and fields that entail hands-on designing and crafting of artistic and functional objects and employ an eye for visual design, color, style, and a keen sense of spatial acuity
And Harbaugh, known as a hands-on coach, didn't disappoint - at one point screaming, That was a great rep!
Daddy was never what you'd call a hands-on father, but he'd never been so distant.
To an untrained eye, this preparation looks no different than someone receiving a hands-on healing.
An independent chair cannot be expected to have — and in most cases, will not have — hands-on knowledge about fund operations.
SEC Taxes Mutual Funds?, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
It's tough to believe any reputable doctor could prescribe Viagra (say) without a hands-on medical exam, but it does occur.
Online Trade Barriers, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
He used the expertise of intellectuals and hands-on experts in financing, like Felix Rohatyn and Dick Ravitch to propose and implement plans to stop the hemorrhaging in the city, imposing an "Emergency Financial Control Board" to pass on the city's finances and budget with the power to reject appropriations and contracts adopted by the mayor and city council.
Ed Koch: Hugh Carey, New York's Greatest Governor of the Modern Era
"Yet, being a Nobel recipient does not mean one is qualified for every conceivable position," the lawmaker said at the hearing, saying Diamond lacks hands-on experience regulating banks and managing financial crises.
PARENTING & KIDS 'HEALTH NEWS: ONLY ON USA TODAYNew daditude: Today's fathers are hands-on, pressure offTV: Impairs speech | Leads to earlier sexBaby names: What's popular?


text: Isabel, Pakistan asked Fateme Rezaei, Missouri University of Science & Technology Added Monday, May 23, 2016 at 12:32 AM I am confused between two universities Hello Rezaei, I am a final year instrumentation student. I applied for my masters in electrical engineering and got offered from four universities. I aspire to have a career in the biomedical field. I am confused between two universities. Missouri University of Science and Technology and Wayne State University. Going by the ranking and course strength, Missouri stands way ahead of Wayne. But after inquiring, I found that Missouri doesn't provide courses in the area of biomedical engineering. ... Related to Bioengineering/Biomedical, Choosing a School, Graduate School Answers 1 Fateme Rezaei, Missouri University of Science & Technology Answered Monday, May 23, 2016 at 12:32 AM Hello Isabel, As far as I know, Missouri S&T has just started offering a Biomedical Engineering Minor degree to undergraduate students. If you decide to come to Missouri S&T, you may be able to take some of the courses offered through this minor ...Read More


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Ken Fisher's prestigious Portfolio Strategy column in Forbes ran from 1984 to 2017, making him the longest continuously running columnist in the magazine's history.
Ken Fisher is the Executive Chairman of Fisher Investments, an independent, fee-only investment adviser with $100 billion under management.2 Fisher Investments maintains four principal business units: Fisher Investments Institutional Group, Fisher Investments Private Client Group, Fisher Investments 401(k) Solutions Group and Fisher Investments International Group, which serve a global client base of diverse investors. The clients of Fisher Investments and its affiliates include over 175 large institutions and over 45,000 high net worth individuals.2
Ken Fisher has written eleven books, including four New York Times bestsellers: 2006's The Only Three Questions That Count, 2008's The Ten Roads to Riches, 2009's How to Smell a Rat, and 2010's Debunkery: Learn It, Do It, and Profit From It. Plan Your Prosperity, was released in November 2012, and The Little Book of Market Myths in January 2013. Ken's latest book is Beat the Crowd published in March 2015. The Only Three Questions That Still Count was published in 2012 and offers updated data and commentary on market events from the past five years. In 1984, his Super Stocks was that year's bestselling stock market book. Others include 1987's The Wall Street Waltz and 1993's 100 Minds That Made the Market, both re-released by John Wiley & Sons in 2007. In addition to English, Kenneth Fisher's books have been translated into Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), German, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Romanian, and Thai, reaching of 3/4 of global GDP.3
He is a regular contributor to several publications, including USA Today, Financial Times in the UK, Børsen in Denmark, De Telegraaf in The Netherlands and Focus Money in Germany. Ken's early theoretical work in the 1970s popularized a tool known as the Price to Sales Ratio, which is now part of core financial curriculum. His recent research focuses on the emerging field of behavioralism and has appeared in many professional and scholarly journals such as the Journal of Portfolio Management and Financial Analysts Journal. In 2010, Ken was named one of the industry's 30 most influential people over the previous 30 years on Investment Advisor magazine's prestigious IA-30-30 list.
Ken Fisher is the third and youngest son of Philip A. Fisher, legendary investor and author of classic investing book, Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits, which remains in print to this day. Phil Fisher is credited with influencing a wide array of later successful and famed investors both through his teachings and writings. Phil Fisher had his own investment management practice in San Francisco where Ken worked for him in the early 1970s before starting his own firm. Ken is the only industry professional his father ever trained.
Ken Fisher's hobbies include the history of Kings Mountain, California (at the northern end of the Santa Cruz Mountains in the redwoods) and 19th century redwood lumbering history as well as lumbering history in general and everything about trees. Ken endowed the Ken Fisher Chair in Redwood Forest Ecology at Humboldt State University in order to support the study of coastal redwood ecology. It is the world's first endowed chair devoted to a single tree species. Ken and his wife Sherrilyn have also endowed The Ken and Sherrilyn Fisher Journalism Center in the San Mateo Library.
2 As of 7/1/2018, Fisher Investments and its subsidiaries manage over $100 billion in assets—over $53 billion for North American private investors, over $38 billion for institutional investors and over $7 billion for European private investors.
3 Based on countries'official languages and GDP reported by the IMF, as of April 2013.
Q: Do you really manage money for your clients with the Three Questions?
A: Of course! I can't say it enough—the only way to make money in the market is by knowing what others don't. My firm, Fisher Investments, manages billions for individuals and institutions—and I only make market bets when I'm pretty sure I know something unique. The Three Questions help me do that. Most professionals want you to think this is very hard, but it isn't. You just need to think like a scientist. The Three Questions help you do that.
Q: How can I use the Three Questions to become a better stock picker?
A: The Three Questions can help you pick better stocks, but so what? You don't need to pick the best stocks to make money in the market. In the book I show you why.
Q: Why Three Questions? Why not Two or Four? Or Eighteen?
A: The Three Questions are really just one question: What do you know that others don't? But that one question doesn't give you something to act on. The Three Questions gives you a process to get at what you can know that others don't.
Q: What made you decide to write this book?
A: This book pays homage to the most holy of "isms"—Capitalism. If you are not already a healthy fan of Capitalism, I hope the book will convert you.
Q: Why are you sharing your secrets with the public? Aren't you giving away your market advantage?
A: First, the market truths I share are simply a demonstration of the Questions. Learning to use the Questions will help much more than reading about a few cute tricks I know. Learn to use the Questions, and you'll be able to keep finding new truths on your own forever. There's your advantage.
Second, no! The point of the Three Questions is constant innovation. If what I know is good and true, others will find out eventually, whether I clue them in or not. But I'll already have moved on because I use the Three Questions to keep innovating. And you can do it too.
Q: What effect do you hope this book will have on the future?
A: I hope fewer investors will treat investing as a craft, and start approaching it as a science. If we all become scientists, who knows where we can go! It'll be exciting to see. But knowing what I know about investors, I know that evolution will take a very long time. Which is good news, because those of us who think like scientists will have a distinct advantage over everyone else!


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SJP: Scent And The City
To properly welcome SJP NYC into her fragrance portfolio, Sarah Jessica Parker held court in front of a room of editors, bloggers, and twitter enthusiasts this morning. The strawberry/gardenia eau hit counters this week and should draw quite the crowd as Carrie Bradshaw fans brace for the forthcoming Sex and the City sequel and the marketing blitz that will accompany it. "I can't really compartmentalize this one quite yet," Parker said of her latest perfume, which is the most whimsical flacon in an olfactory repertoire that already includes Lovely, a mannered scent that the actress said she'd wear to the ballet, and Covet, her entry into the assertive category, which is more suited, in her estimation, to an after-after party.
Brunch talk quickly turned to the floral strapless dress Parker wears in the ad images, created exclusively for her by Oscar de la Renta, as well as her own personal beauty secrets, which include coating her hair in conditioner, wearing wigs on set to protect her tresses, and staying as close as possible to hairstylist Serge Normant and makeup artist Leslie Lopez. "I am very bad with makeup," Parker admitted, mentioning that mascara and lip balm are really her only go-to cosmetics. She does seem to have a knack for fragrance, though, and her latest effort is an interesting combination of her own personal reminiscences as a New Yorker and those that her alter ego experienced for six seasons on HBO. "I had a specific snapshot of Carrie in my mind walking the streets of the city in June—right at the beginning of the summer, when the show always premiered," she said. "It could've been other more tender moments—but hopefully we can explore those in the future." For those of you hoping to one day capture through scent the moment Big tells Carrie she's "the one" in the series finale over that bridge in Paris, you may just get your wish.
In : Celebrities
Tags: fragrance


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text:
Designated child protection officer in Scotland course Registration form
Please use this form to book your NSPCC training course.
- Please fill in all fields on the form.
- If you require tailored or bespoke training or have any further questions about our services, please call 0808 800 5000 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Partnership with Northeast Ohio Medical University
A seamless transition for future medical students
Hiram College offers aspiring physicians a seamless undergraduate-to-medical school transition in partnership with Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) in Rootstown, Ohio. The Baccalaureate to M.D. Pathway Program is a non-accelerated combined degree program designed for future primary care physicians.
Hiram College students may apply for the B.A. to M.D. program during their sophomore year, and successful applicants will gain direct admittance into medical school, provided they continue to meet program requirements throughout their undergraduate years. Five seats at NEOMED's College of Medicine will be available to Hiram College students annually. Students must major or minor in biomedical humanities at Hiram in order to be accepted into the program. Hiram College's liberal arts curriculum – particularly our first-in-the-nation biomedical humanities undergraduate program focusing on human values in medicine – has a 15-year history of preparing students for medical school.
NEOMED's College of Medicine
NEOMED has been helping shape the future of health care since 1973. The College of Medicine partners with major health systems and universities in the region to train physicians in an interprofessional environment.
|Sandy Madar, Ph.D.
Professor of Biomedical Humanities,
NEOMED Program Coordinator
firstname.lastname@example.com 330.569.5261
Program Requirements/Admission
Students planning to attend NEOMED must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and meet the following requirements:
- Sophomore status at Hiram College (at least 59 credit hours earned by the end of the academic year during which the applicant applies)
- 21 ACT score (or combined 1000 SAT) OR 3.0 high school GPA
- 3.4 minimum college GPA
- Two letters of recommendation: one personal; one letter from the Hiram Health Science Board
- Program interview
Once accepted into the B.A. to M.D. Pathway Program, a student must meet the following requirements before starting NEOMED coursework:
- Successfully complete bachelor's degree and biomedical humanities coursework at Hiram College
- Earn no less than C in required courses.
- Earn 3.4 overall GPA in Hiram baccalaureate coursework; MCAT* score minimum of 125 per subtest for a minimum total of 500
*A passing MCAT score must be completed prior to April of the candidate's senior year at Hiram. This can provide additional time for a student to complete necessary science coursework.
Important Dates/Deadlines
Sophomore year:
- October 15: Intent to Apply application due.
- October: NEOMED application available; references due to Hiram Health Sciences Board
- January 15: NEOMED application due
- Winter: Interviews
- Spring: Applicants notified of acceptance
Senior year:
- April: Deadline for successful MCAT submission
- Spring: Final review for promotion to NEOMED


text:
Kid's Ministry Events
Family Birthday Celebration
Family Birthday Celebration is probably one of the coolest services we do at Mission Hill Church! We believe that baptism is an important step of obedience for children who have accepted Christ as their personal Savior. When your child is ready to be baptized, we want to invite you to attend a Family Birthday Celebration. This is a special service where we celebrate through baptism the decisions children have made to put their trust in Jesus as their personal Savior.
If you feel your child is ready to take this important step, please contact us so we can help you and your child take the next steps in celebrating their decision of trusting Jesus.


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List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: CHURCH OF ST ANDREW
List entry Number: 1057968
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Somerset
District: West Somerset
District Type: District Authority
Parish: Withypool and Hawkridge
National Park: EXMOOR
Grade: II*
Date first listed: 06-Apr-1959
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
Legacy System Information
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System: LBS
Asset Groupings
This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.
List entry Description
Summary of Building
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Reasons for Designation
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.
12/163 Church of St Andrew
GV II* Parish church. Late medieval, tower rebuilt early C17, restored and refitted 1887, restored extensively and tower rebuilt again 1902, latter work by W H Farings. Random rubble local stone, slate roofs, coped verges, decorative ridge tiles. Chancel, 3-bay nave and north aisle, west tower. Crenellated 2-stage west tower, diagonal buttresse to first stage, datestone of 1902 on south east face of south west buttress, early medieval carved stone with part of a cross set into north west buttress, north east stair turret to first stage, string course, single semi-circular headed louvred bell openings, 2-light west window, chamfered semi-circular headed west doorway with weatherworn stone to north referring to C17 rebuilding of tower; south front buttress between tower and nave, single storey gabled porch, semi-circular headed openings and C19 inner door, nave 3-light mullioned window, 2-light to chancel, 3-light east window, 3-light east end of north aisle, one 3-light window on north front. Interior: rendered. C19 roofs, archbraced to aisle, kingpost in nave. Moulded semi-circular tower arch with unusual, possibly C17, pilasters carrying imposts on jambs, closed by panelling, possibly C18. Three bay Perpendicular arcade with pointed, hollow moulded arches and thin imposts. C18 panelling at north end of aisle forming vestry. Norman font, fluted bowl with chevron moulded rim. Fittings of 1887. Aumbry in chancel wall c1970. Slate tablet to Dorothy Adams, died 1804. The living is a chapelry annexed to the rectory of Hawkridge. Pevsner, Buildings of England, South and West Somerset, l958).
Listing NGR: SS8462835595
Selected Sources
Books and journals
Pevsner, N, The Buildings of England: South and West Somerset, (1958)
National Grid Reference: SS 84628 35595
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By Jan Lopatka
PRAGUE (Reuters) - Slovaks vote on Saturday to pick a new president in an election that will either cement Prime Minister Robert Fico's power in the central European country or usher in an independent.
A Fico victory would give his center-left Smer party full control of all the main power centers, even if the Slovak constitution does not grant the president himself a huge political role.
Fico, 49, took Slovakia into the euro zone in 2009 and has kept the country of 5.5 million friendly to investors despite levying extra taxes on banks and utilities.
But the prospect of him further consolidating power - Smer already has a parliamentary majority and enjoys one-party government - worries those Slovaks who would like to see checks and balances to counter corruption and give more independence to the justice system.
This gives a fighting chance to Andrej Kiska, a businessman-turned-philanthropist whose chances to beat Fico have grown in the latest opinion polls.
Analysts say Fico, still the favorite, leading by 9-15 points in most opinion polls in the past weeks, would be tempted to increase the powers of the president if he wins.
"He is a man of unlimited ambition," said political analyst Grigorij Meseznikov. "If he has the strength in parliament, the next day he will want to change the constitution (to get more powers)."
The president already has the power to name or approve some of the main figures in prosecution and judiciary. This has led to some political clashes in the past.
Rule of law is a key concern for investors in the country that has lured big foreign manufacturers including carmakers Kia and Volkswagen.
Kiska, 51, made millions of dollars in consumer credit companies which he sold a decade ago, setting up a charity to help families with ill children.
Saturday's first round is unlikely to produce an outright winner, who would need over 50 percent of the vote, but should send Fico and Kiska into a run-off on March 29.
Polling stations will open at 7 a.m. (2 a.m. ET) and close at 10 p.m. (5 p.m. ET). Results are expected overnight.
Slovak voters have shown they can unite behind an underdog. Outgoing president Ivan Gasparovic was elected for the first of two five-year terms in 2004 because voters united against former authoritarian prime minister Vladimir Meciar.
Other candidates in Saturday's vote - a handful of politicians from the fragmented center-right opposition - lag Kiska by a double-digit margin and Fico by at least 20 points.
Fico would have to give up his post of prime minister if he wins, but his Smer party holds a majority in parliament and would simply replace the former lawyer with another Smer nominee.
A possible choice is Robert Kalinak, the interior minister in the current cabinet and a longtime member of the party that Fico founded.
(Editing by Robin Pomeroy)


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Richest Interaction Design & Native UX
- Built-in support for most popular open-source frameworks including Cordova, AngularJS, Jquery and Ionic with the flexibility to import additional open source and third-party frameworks
- Omni-channel widgets and APIs for the highest level of productivity by avoiding channel specific UX logic
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Engaging, native user experiences that meet business expectations
Omni-channel applications put the user at the center of the user experience. Data has shown that a poor user experience will result in high rates of abandonment of applications, and lower rates of value added transactions. Kony's next generation Visualizer application canvas enables designers, business users, and developers to create next generation user experiences that adhere specifically to the human interface guidelines of each of the supported device platforms. Applications built with Visualizer can take advantage of all of the low level native drawing capabilities, and can leverage the native hardware capabilities, without compromise.
Commonization and Reusability
The re-use of common components and assets across applications and platforms is critical to realizing the efficiency in the app factory and micro services architecture. Kony Visualizer provides Enterprise grade capabilities to define such components centrally and use them across any number of applications and device types. Such components can consist of simple assets, user interface elements, and application component functionality definitions.


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Phlebotomy being a profession has begun peaking which is good news for all those thinking of a job out of it. This is mainly because of the increase of job opportunities given to phlebotomists which at the same time urged more students to invest in this profession. Focusing on clinical service, they are the ones in charge of the drawing of blood specimens from patients and carrying them to the laboratory for tests. This task may seem easy, but there are plenty of dangers and responsibilities that come with the job. A critical and precarious job requires people who are equipped with sufficient education and knowledge, hence technicians of this nature should be given the spots. And by quality, we mean those who have gone through painstaking accredited phlebotomy training.
For phlebotomy training programs, there is no other goal but to produce outstanding phlebotomists who are highly-capable of doing their job in order to keep up with the standards of the medical profession. Before enrolling in a course, know your own purpose first whether it is for certification or for a diploma. For those thinking of getting a license, there are lots of courses available which cover in-class sessions on basic and advanced phlebotomy concepts while in addition there are hands-on exercises that will test the set of skills you have. In Spring Hill, length of the training differs with respect to the certifying body, averaging around 12 to 50 weeks. Upon completion, you'll then be eligible to take the licensing exam in which you'll have the chance of becoming a certified phlebotomy technician.
Training programs which offer a degree allows their trainees to enjoy two years of worthy education, going over advanced blood collection strategies and unlimited hands-on training to boost application of blood collection strategies. Securing a diploma is not easy, but the fruits of this labor are way satisfying for you to always be happy with the decision you made.
Community colleges, vocational schools, private training facilities are your very best bets with regards to learning phlebotomy. Online training facilities are even offered if you seek outstanding and ease at the same time. But before picking a particular school to enrol at, be sure that it is accredited by any one of the certifying bodies. These certifying bodies include the following: American Medical Technologists (AMT), National Phlebotomy Association (NPA), and American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians (ASPT). In Spring Hill, standard cost of training plays roughly $1,000 for a 12-week period, inclusive of study resources and laboratory work fees.
In a few states, working as a phlebotomist does not really require a license. Because of their strong campaign for a maintained standard of quality, Tennessee doesn't allow those people who are not licensed to work as phlebotomists. Spring Hill houses a lot of phlebotomy jobs lately, but due to tough competition around, it is best to have a license beneath your name in order to stay on top of the employers' picks. A license is your airfare to better employment opportunities; strengthening your credentials and verifying your worth as a qualified professional. Before very long, you'll be bombarded with so much better employment offers that not everyone gets to encounter.


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Why De Smet Jesuit
What Makes De Smet Jesuit Unique?
The St. Louis metro area is rich with high school choices: public schools; secular and religious private schools; charter schools; co-ed Catholic schools; and single-gender Catholic high schools, such as De Smet Jesuit. This number of options is indeed one of the unheralded assets of our community.
So how does a school distinguish itself in a way that makes a meaningful impact on the life of the student and his family, while justifying the investment in tuition?
• Our students are in a top-tier academic program. Compare our performance numbers to other high schools, and you'll see where we deliver academically, and some options fall short. Our school average ACT score is over 25. We offer more than 130 college credit hours. Our student-teacher ratio is under 10:1, so our students receive more individualized attention. Seventy-seven percent of the Class of 2015 earned a college scholarship.
• Our students graduate prepared for college. They know how to study; how to do homework; how to manage their time; how to collaborate with classmates; and when to turn to teachers or other resources for help. Moreover, they have the grades, skills and resume that will help them get into the college of their choice, and get into the academic major of their choice.
• Our students receive a balanced high school experience. Homework is part of the learning process, but too much homework is a disservice to our students and their families. Too much of a good thing applies to co-curriculars, too, such as athletics. De Smet Jesuit's balanced approach to academics, religious formation, community service, athletics and clubs helps us form well-rounded graduates.
• Our students are educated in a positive, focused atmosphere, free of the distractions found in many of today's high schools. Their classmates share their values in academics, faith, recreation and family, and they understand that college is the next step. Our students' education is taken seriously.
• Our students receive individualized attention and encouragement. One guiding characteristic sums up our approach at De Smet Jesuit, which enables the school to provide an outstanding education and four-year experience for young men: Cura personalis. It's a Latin term that means "care for the whole person." Not every student comes from the same background, or shares the same interests. Not every student learns at the same pace, or through the same teaching method. If, for example, he enters our school with lackluster math grades, he will have the opportunity and guidance to work his way to honors math courses. Our students are not a statistic in a school district's files.
• Our students receive a Jesuit education. "I didn't understand the benefits of a Jesuit education for my son until after he settled in at De Smet," said one parent. "They get it," she added. Jesuits believe that prayer is complemented by actions of love. They are pragmatists and problem solvers. They've been called "God's Marines." A Jesuit-educated student develops a perspective well suited for today's evolving challenges and opportunities.
• Our students discover new talents and learn new skills outside the classroom. With 53 teams in 19 different sports, more than 50 student-led clubs and organizations, plus our four-year service program, there are ample opportunities for our students to meet new friends, discover untapped talent and find leadership potential.
• Our students become "Men For and With Others" by learning the value of and personal reward from giving back to their fellow man. Students are led to understand that talents are gifts to be developed, not for self-satisfaction or self-gain, but rather, with the help of God, for the good of the human community. De Smet Jesuit offers a four-year, comprehensive service program, which encourages students to become other-centered.
My sophomore year Theology teacher, Mr. Place, really challenged me. He made me think harder… ask why. It was hard for me at first, but then I started meeting with him after class, where we had some really awesome conversations.
(read more)
Jacob Linomaz, St. Louis University


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Controversial legislation that would give judges new power to rewrite home mortgages is on life support.
Leading House and Senate Democrats have fought for more than a year in favor of a policy they argue is critical to stemming foreclosures, keeping people in their homes and boosting the housing market. On Friday, the House dealt it a stunning blow when the measure — attached to a broad financial overhaul bill — failed, 188-241.
"You pick your battles, and this doesn't feel like a battle that can be won. The consequences of not winning are pretty dire," said Rep. Brad Miller (D-N.C.), one of the chief architects of the policy in the House. "If politics is the art of the possible, I'm just not sure this is possible, given the influence of the industry."
There were roughly 40 House Democrats who dropped their support between the March vote and the vote last Friday. They included committee chairmen, fiscally conservative Blue Dogs and freshman and sophomore members in competitive races.
The bill suffered in part last week because it was a standalone measure with no other provisions attached. In March, the bill contained other sweeteners — including an increase in deposit insurance — but the centerpiece was the bankruptcy language.
Miller earlier this year worked with consumer advocacy allies such as the Center for Responsible Lending to pass the legislation amid huge lobbying opposition. The Democratic leadership knew it was a tough call in March and whipped the vote, Miller said, adding that leadership didn't push quite as hard last week.
Meanwhile, the financial industry made the bill one of its top targets to defeat in 2009. Small and large banks, credit unions and a wide array of business interests fought a trench battle against the measure. The National Association of Federal Credit Unions (NAFCU) and Credit Union National Association (CUNA) both activated huge grassroots efforts over the year.
The industry argued it would increase the costs of borrowing and introduce huge uncertainties into the lending market.
The measure always faced tough odds in the Senate.
Senate Majority Whip Dick DurbinRichard (Dick) Joseph DurbinGOP leader criticizes Republican senators for not showing up to work Dems seize on Kavanaugh emails to question role in terrorism response Trump gives thumbs up to prison sentencing reform bill at pivotal meeting MORE (D-Ill.) undertook weeks of backroom negotiations to attempt to strike a deal with some of the country's largest banks and industry trade associations.
When the measure failed on the Senate floor, Durbin lashed out at the banks.
"I really wonder if I would go tell Sen. Durbin that he really needs to go back to bat to fight this battle," Miller said soon after the House amendment failed.
A Senate Democratic aide would not rule out the measure returning next year, but said the House vote was discouraging, a point echoed by others.
"I was absolutely stunned when I saw the vote," said Brian Gardner, an analyst at Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Inc. "I was operating under the assumption that it would pass and it didn't mean anything because of the Senate."
"I think some members are willing to see if those are going to turn it around," said Rep. Stephen Lynch (D-Mass.), who voted for the bankruptcy policy both times.
The administration is facing renewed criticism because most of the trial modifications have not become permanent. The combined percentage of loans in foreclosure or at least one payment past due was more than 14 percent in the third quarter, the highest percentage recorded by the Mortgage Bankers Association in its survey on delinquencies.
Rep. John Spratt (D-S.C.), chairman of the House Budget Committee, was one of the lawmakers who switched his vote between March and last week. Chuck Fant, his spokesman, said Spratt heard from community banks and credit unions opposed to the measure and felt that it was not necessary.
Spratt was also concerned that bankruptcy courts would be flooded with cases, Fant said.
Financial industry lobbyists for a wide range of associations said they were relieved by the vote on Friday, with one saying it would take a "perfect storm" for the Senate to take up the bill.
"As evidenced by the recent House vote and the Senate vote, there are major concerns with the bill on both sides of the aisle in both bodies," said Scott Talbott, senior vice president at the Financial Services Roundtable.


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Hi All,
I plan to have several PicoScope devices all connected to one PC. My hand-rolled application will enable me to access each one individually.
What is unclear to me is what happens in the following scenario:
I connect 3 x 2204A, 2 x 4424 and 3 x 6404D
If I call the SDK for the PS2000 scopes three times, for the PS4000 twice and the PS6000 scopes three times, will their psXXXX_open_unit() functions all find the correct and matching scope?
My current approach to this problem is to use lsusb on Linux to see what devices are connected, and then to start new processes that connect, using the appropriate SDK, to the correct family of PicoScope.
Unfortunately I cannot try this out in the lab as I only have two 2204A devices available.
Thanks in advance for any support, Stuart


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Bill Condon Was Not Ready for Your Screaming, Twilight Fans
"I was surprised by all the screams. I was!"
It seems inconceivable that anyone could underestimate the ardor of Twilight fans, particular those dedicated dozens who camped out overnight to get into yesterday's The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn panel at Comic-Con. And yet, director Bill Condon swore to Vulture yesterday that he was caught off-guard.
"I was surprised by all the screams," he told us earnestly. "I was!"
Had Condon learned nothing from when Chris Weitz brought New Moon to Comic-Con two years ago? It was a panel so shriek-filled that journalists suffering from sudden hearing loss could have had grounds for a class-action lawsuit. "Oh, I heard," Condon said, remembering. "Because Jacob took his shirt off for the first time?" He chuckled. "It was wild, right?"
It was, but "wild" doesn't even begin to cover the twists in the Twilight installment that Condon is directing, which features the year's most anticipated sex scene, a bloody vampire-baby birth, and an unlikely love story between a teenage wolf-boy and a newborn. Condon is cognizant of the pressure, especially when it comes to the coupling of Edward (Robert Pattinson) and Bella (Kristen Stewart).
"You can play with expectations, and in terms of the lovemaking, that's what I tried to do a little bit," he told Vulture. "You think you might see something, and then you get something else. I can't describe it any better than that because I don't want to give it away now, but the fact that there is such anticipation can actually let you play with it. And let's face it, it's the most intimate thing, and it all comes down to the relationship between the actors and the chemistry they have. I couldn't be luckier than to have Kristen and Rob, who are just so comfortable with each other and are able to explore that."
Sure, sure but what about Bella's birthing sequence, where vampires have to gnaw the baby out of her belly? "It's not hard to shoot," Condon insisted. "You still depict the actions, it's just a question of how explicit you are in showing them."
And what of the scene where Taylor Lautner's Jacob suddenly "imprints" on said vamp-baby, meaning they're destined to fall in love? "I think what you have to go for is the spiritual element, more than anything else," said Condon. "I don't know that 'weird' is the right thing to say, but it is a completely original idea. There's no question that you have to remind people that this reflects Jacob's magical nature, and not just Jake, the guy who grew up on the reservation. Imprinting is not something you or I could do."
We asked Condon whether the pressure of adapting Twilight was anything like what he felt when making Dreamgirls, and he laughed.
"That's interesting. Wow. I never thought of that! In that case, it was kind of this doubled thing where people loved The Supremes, and people also loved the original production in 1981, so you kind of had to honor both of those as well as let it be its own thing. This is different, I guess, because it's about a book as opposed to another thing that existed in dramatic form. But you're right, the expectations are so specific and there's so much passion. Inevitably, you just have to make it in the way that's best, and there will always be people who don't agree." He paused, still earnest. "Right?"


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Nokia continues to expand its offerings as it optimizes the functionality of its mobile devices. The company's latest acquisition of Twango brings an established media sharing solution for sharing photos, videos, and other media. You can now take your Nseries multimedia computer and easily share your media through a central site instead of having to use a number of site to accomplish the same goal.
Twango gives you 250 MB of free monthly uploads, and with a cameraphone such as the N95, you can upload photos and video from the device wirelessly.
Check out the full press release for all the details. What solution do you use for managing your media online?


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From North Richland Hills, Texas, USA:
I have a two year old who has had type 1 diabetes for about 14 months, and is getting intense bruising from at least two insulin injections per week on the arm or leg causing the site to swell to the size of a half dollar. She sits relatively still for her shots. What can I do to help the bruising she develops after a shot?
There are several possibilities:
- You might be hitting small blood vessels.
- You are using a needle that is too long for such a small child. Try using the B-D ULTRA-FINE® II Short Needle syringes.
- You are not injecting deeply enough so that the insulin is ending up between the layers of skin instead of in the layer of fatty tissue below. If you are using a short needle syringe, you can inject at a 90 degree angle. If you are using a longer needle, make sure you inject at least a 45 degree angle.
- You may be pinching too hard. Try using less of a pinch and make sure that you let go after you insert the needle and before you inject the insulin.
- Try using an Inject-Ease® making sure that you have the right adapter on the end. If you still get bruising, use one of the spacers. The Inject-Ease should be applied perpendicular to the injection site with very little pressure.
- Occasionally, there are burrs at the end of needle which may be difficult to see. Make sure that you are not reusing syringes as this problem is exacerbated with syringe reuse. You might also use a magnifier to check for burrs prior to using the syringe.
Please review your injection technique with your daughter's diabetes educator and discuss these possibilities.
Original posting 7 Dec 2001
Posted to Blood Tests and Insulin Injections
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Last Updated: Tuesday April 06, 2010 15:09:30
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Words that start with kozhalm
Found 1 words that start with kozhalm. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with kozhalm. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing kozhalm
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