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Legal Status
Document Details
Published Document
Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
Notice; establishment of docket; request for comments and information.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the establishment of a docket to obtain data and other information that will inform the agency's deliberations about ways to enhance the usefulness to consumers of point-of-purchase nutrition information, such as information on the principal display panel of food products ("front-of-pack" labeling) or on shelf tags in retail stores. In particular, FDA is interested in the following: Data and information on the extent to which consumers notice, use, and understand nutrition symbols on front-of-pack labeling of food packages or on shelf tags in retail stores; research assessing and comparing the effectiveness of particular possible approaches to front-Start Printed Page 22603of-pack labeling; graphic design, marketing, and advertising data and information that can inform and guide the development of better point-of-purchase nutrition information; and the extent to which point-of-purchase nutrition information may affect decisions by food manufacturers to reformulate products. The goal of this front-of-pack nutrition labeling effort is to maximize the number of consumers who readily notice, understand, and use point-of-purchase information to make more nutritious choices for themselves and their families. FDA is establishing this docket in order to provide an opportunity for interested parties to provide data and information and share views that will inform future agency actions with respect to these matters.
Submit electronic or written comments by July 28, 2010.
Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations.gov. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.Start Further Info
Chung-Tung Jordan Lin, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-020), Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740-3835, 301-436-1831.End Further Info End Preamble Start Supplemental Information
I. Background
The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) (Public Law 101-535) amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) to require nutrition labeling on packaged foods and to provide for the use of nutrient content claims and health claims in food labeling. The purpose of these amendments was to enable consumers to make more informed and healthier food choices in the context of their daily diet. In 1993, FDA established regulations that implemented NLEA. Among those regulations, FDA set forth general principles for nutrient content claims (21 CFR 101.13), which are claims that characterize the level of a nutrient in a food (e.g., "low fat," "good source of fiber") and for health claims, which are claims that characterize the relationship of a food substance to a disease or health-related condition (e.g., "calcium may reduce the risk of osteoporosis"). The cornerstone of the NLEA is the requirement that packaged foods bear product-specific information on serving size, calories, and nutrient content (21 CFR 101.2(b) and (d)). For conventional foods, this information is provided in a Nutrition Facts box on the package label. FDA's final regulations establishing nutrition labeling were published in 1993 (58 FR 2079, January 6, 1993).
An important goal of NLEA was to make available to consumers nutrition information that can assist them in selecting foods that contribute to healthier diets. Research conducted by FDA and others shows that many consumers use the Nutrition Facts box in their food choices (Ref. 1). Yet, as Margaret A. Hamburg, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, noted recently, "Today, ready access to reliable information about the calorie and nutrient content of foods is even more important, given the prevalence of obesity and diet-related diseases in the United States" (Ref. 2). Data published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that 68 percent of the U.S. adult population is overweight or obese (Ref. 3), and among children 2 to 19 years old, nearly 32 percent were at or above the 85th percentile for body-mass index on CDC's 2000 age- and sex-specific growth charts, which are based primarily on data from the 1960s and 1970s (Ref. 4). Body mass index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio. High BMI among children and adults is a significant public health concern in the United States. Children with high BMI often become obese adults, and obese adults are at risk for many chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Healthy eating must be incorporated into the habits and diets of children to promote healthy lifelong practices to prevent obesity and chronic disease. First Lady Michelle Obama recently announced a coordinated national campaign to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States particularly among children (Ref. 5).
The prevalence of diet-related diseases in the U.S. population and the need to accommodate Americans' increasingly busy lifestyles and demand for quick and nutritious food choices illustrate the importance of tailoring nutrition information to help consumers. FDA and others in the public health community, as well as consumer and industry groups, are actively exploring ways to improve the usefulness of food labeling to consumers.
A number of U.S. food processors and retailers are now incorporating nutrition symbols and other nutrition-related representations on food packages, particularly symbols intended to denote nutritional quality of a food (e.g., the Smart Choices checkmark (Ref. 6)), selected nutrient level disclosures (e.g., Kellogg's Nutrition at a Glance (Ref. 7)), and nutrient content claims. Because this information is usually placed on the principal display panels (PDPs) of food packages, it is commonly referred to as front-of-pack (FOP) labeling, and we use that term as a synonym for principal display panel in this document.1 Nutrition symbol schemes have also been used in other countries, including the United Kingdom (Ref. 8) and Sweden (Ref. 9). In addition, some retailers have been adding nutrition symbols on the shelf tags of foods sold in the store to provide information about the overall nutritional quality of the food (e.g., Guiding Stars (Ref. 10)) or the levels of selected nutrients it contains.
FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are working with public and private stakeholders to develop a voluntary FOP nutrition label that is driven by sound nutrition criteria, consumer research, and design expertise. Research should be designed to support the choice of an FOP label that will achieve the goal and satisfy the criteria for success outlined in the following paragraphs.
The goal of an FOP nutrition label is to increase the proportion of consumers who readily notice, understand, and use the available information to make more nutritious choices for themselves and their families, and thereby prevent or reduce obesity and other diet-related chronic disease. FDA believes that information in front-of-pack labeling can be useful to supplement the information in the Nutrition Facts box. In addition, because of its prominent location, front-of-pack labeling may provide a more convenient and effective information tool for consumers seeking quick and accurate information about the nutritional quality of the food they are purchasing and accessing, and using this information may serve to educate consumers and to help them make healthier food choices. It is also possible that information disclosed in front-of-pack labeling may foster industry reformulation of products because some consumers may notice the information and make their product selection accordingly. Through these mechanisms of improved consumer understanding and use of nutrition information and product reformulation, it is possible that a well-designed and science-based front-of-pack nutrition labeling program could bring about significant positive Start Printed Page 22604changes in Americans' diet and play a role in lowering the incidence and prevalence of diet-related disease in the United States.
To be successful in achieving this goal, a front-of-pack label should be:
- Based on standardized nutrition criteria that are grounded in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Ref. 11), which provides science-based advice to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease;
- Widely adopted by food retailers and manufacturers;
- In a standardized format consumers can readily notice, understand, and use;
- Designed to enable consumers with a wide range of literacy, educational levels, age, and other characteristics to compare the relative healthiness of products within and across food categories in the context of routine food shopping.
FDA has already begun developing a scientific foundation for decisionmaking on nutrition symbols and front-of-pack labeling. The agency held a public hearing in September 2007 (Ref. 12) and completed a focus group study in April 2008 to obtain comments and information about consumer issues related to the use of nutrition symbols on front-of-pack labeling and shelf tags. The public hearing notice requested comments on a number of consumer research questions, including consumer attitudes about nutrition symbols, how consumers interpret such symbols, how the presence of multiple and different symbols on products in the same food category and across categories affects consumer perceptions, how nutrition symbols interact with the Nutrition Facts box, and whether such symbols affect consumers' ability to make good dietary choices. On April 21, 2009, FDA released a document entitled "Comments on Symbols Public Hearing and Current Plans for Addressing Issues" (Ref. 13). This document describes the questions FDA requested comments on in the public hearing notice, the comments that FDA received at the public hearing and that were submitted to the public docket for the hearing, FDA's remarks on the comments received, and FDA's current plans for evaluating issues regarding the use of nutrition symbols in food labeling.
Although the public hearing generated some useful information on consumer issues related to nutrition symbols, very limited data and research were submitted to the agency. To fill remaining gaps in our knowledge base, in addition to opening this docket, FDA has designed and begun to implement a plan to conduct consumer research on nutrition symbols (Refs. 14 and 15). Currently, FDA is conducting two experimental studies to help enhance the agency's knowledge about consumer understanding and use of a selected sample of nutrition symbol schemes currently in use in the domestic market, and to examine whether those schemes or certain others are better ways to impart useful nutrition information to U.S. consumers.
In addition, FDA believes the food industry has acquired extensive market experience with consumer reaction to nutrition symbols since 2005, when the voluntary use of nutrition symbols in food labeling began to proliferate in the U.S. market. FDA also is aware that many foreign governments, industry groups, food manufacturers, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers have conducted or are conducting consumer research on nutrition symbols. Although some of this research is publicly available (see Refs. 16 through 24), most of it remains unpublished and unavailable to the agency. Because there are limitations to the currently available published literature, we are particularly interested in obtaining access to unpublished research. For example, we are interested in research on a much wider range of nutrition symbol schemes than has been examined in the literature. In addition, studies seldom compare consumer responses to different symbol schemes. Finally, most of the publicly available research was done in European or other countries whose labeling requirements and regulatory framework are quite different from those in the United States. As a result, it is unclear whether and to what extent such findings derived from these studies are applicable to the U.S. market.
In addition to developing the scientific foundation for agency decisionmaking with respect to nutrition symbols and other front-of-pack labeling information, FDA is considering a number of other efforts to help guide food manufacturers in their use of front-of-pack labeling, such as issuance of a draft guidance on voluntary calorie declarations and a draft guidance and/or a proposed rule on dietary guidance statements.
II. Request for Comments and Information
FDA is interested in a range of data and information relevant to the use of front-of-pack nutrition symbol schemes on food packages or shelf tags, to include research concerning:
- Consumer perception and consumer behavior;
- The assessment and comparison of the effectiveness of particular possible approaches to front-of-pack labeling;
- Graphic design, package design, information architecture, advertising, marketing, and human factors that affect noticeability, understandability and use; and
- The extent to which point-of-purchase nutrition information may affect decisions by food manufacturers to reformulate products.
These data and other information will be used to inform the agency's deliberations about approaches to enhancing the usefulness to consumers of point-of-purchase nutrition information, such as information on the front-of-pack or on shelf tags in retail stores, and to fostering decisions by food manufacturers to reformulate products.
FDA solicits comment, data, and information from all interested parties, domestic and foreign, including consumers, industry, graphic designers, package designers, marketing experts, the nutrition community, and others with specific expertise in nutrition and in conveying scientific information to ordinary citizens. FDA is particularly interested in the following topics:
Design Considerations
1. Design features from labels used in the United States or in other countries that are viewed as superior in ensuring consumer attention, understanding and use, i.e., features that attract attention, make it easier for consumers to understand how foods with a nutrition symbol fit into a healthy diet, enhance the credibility of the symbol, and encourage use of the symbol in purchase decisions. Examples of such features could include:
- Color;
- Location;
- Contrast.
2. The risk of "too much clutter" on the label. For example:
- The point at which a format is sufficiently "overpacked" to put off consumers;
- How many nutrients can be included in a nutrient-specific approach without creating information overload or putting off consumers;
- An easy-to-understand range (e.g., on a scale of 0 to 3 or 1 to 5) for use in ranking the overall nutritional value of a food; and
- Whether a certain amount of blank space is needed around FOP nutrition symbols to maximize the chances that consumers will notice and comprehend them.Start Printed Page 22605
3. Whether certain shapes (such as stars or checks) have inherent meaning.
4. The size of an FOP symbol relative to the rest of the package.
5. Factors that influence ease of comprehension (e.g., whether a symbol scheme is easy enough for consumers to understand at a glance (3 seconds or less) in a crowded grocery store), particularly in terms of:
- The amount of information;
- The words (e.g., sodium versus salt; the term "daily value"); or
6. Whether a uniform FOP symbol across product categories helps consumer recognition, understanding, trust and use of the symbol.
B. Consumer Use and Understanding
7. Consumer attitudes toward nutrition symbols in general;
8. Consumer attitudes toward different types of symbols, e.g.:
- FOP vs. shelf tag;
- Nutrient-specific symbol (such as General Mills' nutrition highlights) (Ref. 25) vs. a summary symbol (such as Smart Choices (Ref. 6)); and
- Symbols with and without an explicit endorsement from a third party such as the American Heart Association (e.g., the Heart-Check Mark (Ref. 26));
9. Consumer attitudes toward products or brands that carry a nutrition symbol compared to:
- Other products or brands in the same product category (e.g., breakfast cereals) that do not carry a nutrition symbol; and
- Products or brands in other categories that do not carry such a symbol.
10. Consumer interpretations of symbol-carrying products or brands in terms of:
- Their overall healthfulness and quality;
- Specific health benefits;
- Featured nutrition attributes;
- Non-featured nutrition attributes; and
- Any other non-nutrition attributes.
11. Consumer perception of and reaction to the presence of multiple and different nutrition symbols on the FOP or shelf tags of different brands in a given product category (e.g., breakfast cereals);
12. Consumer interpretation of the co-existence on the food label of symbols and other nutrition messages (e.g., a nutrient content claim);
13. Consumer interpretation of the co-existence on the food label of nutrition symbols and quantitative nutrition information (e.g., the Nutrition Facts box);
14. Consumer interpretation of the co-existence of FOP nutrition symbols and nutrition symbols on shelf tags;
15. The extent to which consumers notice nutrition symbols;
16. When consumers use nutrition symbols and the purposes for which consumers use nutrition symbols, under time, pressure, and otherwise;
17. Whether and to what extent nutrition symbols on food labels and shelf tags direct consumers toward purchasing brands or foods that bear them and, if so, whether the shift in purchase is accompanied with a displacement of purchase of other brands or foods;
18. Whether symbols affect the nutritional quality of the overall diet of consumers who use the symbols and, if so, to what extent;
19. The differences, if any, in consumer response to nutrition symbols when all products in a given category carry symbols, compared to when only some products in the category carry symbols;
20. The differences, if any, in consumer response to nutrition symbols among various demographic subgroups, such as subgroups differentiated by:
- Level of education;
- Interest in or concern about nutrition or health;
- Age;
- Race;
- Role as shopper (e.g., primary shoppers for the household vs. other consumers); and
- Income.
21. The differences, if any, in consumer response to nutrition symbols in the labeling of various product categories, such as:
- Snacks;
- Meals;
- Dairy products; and
- Vegetables and fruits.
22. Evidence, if any, that use of symbols helps:
- Reduce time needed for product selection;
- Improve nutritional quality of choices; or
- Both.
23. Consumer perceptions when there are multiple health messages or nutrition symbols (e.g., some related to nutrition and others related to organoleptic or process attributes) on a given package.
In addition to comments submitted in response to this document, FDA will consider those previously submitted to the agency for the following Federal Register documents and dockets.
- "Food Labeling; Use of Symbols to Communicate Nutrition Information, Consideration of Consumer Studies and Nutritional Criteria; Public Hearing; Request for Comments" (72 FR 39815, July 20, 2007) (Docket No. 2007-N-0198, formerly Docket No. 2007N-0277);
- "Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Experimental Study of Nutrition Symbols on Food Packages" (74 FR 26244, June 1, 2009) (Docket No. FDA-2009-N-0220); and
- "Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Experimental Studies of Nutrition Symbols on Food Packages" (74 FR 62786, December 1, 2009) (Docket No. FDA-2009-N-0220).
Data and information submitted to these previous dockets do not need to be resubmitted.
III. Submission of Comments and Information
FDA has established a public docket to provide an opportunity for interested parties to submit consumer research and design information to inform the development of a government-sponsored nutrition symbol program to help consumers make informed dietary choices and to provide the food industry incentives to make more nutritious food products available.
Interested persons may submit to the Division of Dockets Management (see ADDRESSES) electronic or written comments regarding this document. Submit a single copy of electronic comments or two paper copies of any mailed comments, except that individuals may submit one paper copy. Comments are to be identified with the docket number found in brackets in the heading of this document. Received comments may be seen in the Division of Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
IV. References
FDA has placed the following references on display in the Division of Dockets Management (see ADDRESSES) and may be seen by interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. (FDA has verified the Web site addresses, but FDA is not responsible for any subsequent changes to Web sites after this document publishes in the Federal Register.)
1. FDA, "2008 Health and Diet Survey: Topline Frequencies (Weighted)," Available at http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/ConsumerResearch/ucm193895.htm.
2. FDA, "FDA Calls on Food Companies to Correct Labeling Violations; FDA Commissioner Issues an Open Letter to the Industry," FDA Press Release, Available at http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/Start Printed Page 22606PressAnnouncements/ucm202814.htm, March 3, 2010.
3. Flegal, K.M., M.D. Carroll, C.L. Ogden, et al.,"Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among U.S. Adults," 1999 to 2008, Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010;303(3):235-241, Published online, (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2014), January 13, 2010.
4. Ogden, C.L., M.D. Carroll, L.R. Curtin, et al., "Prevalence of High Body Mass Index in U.S. Children and Adolescents," 2007 to 2008, Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010;303(3):242-249, Published online (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2012), January 13, 2010.
5. Let's Move, Available at http://letsmove.gov/.
6. Smart Choices Program, Available at http://www.smartchoicesprogram.com/.
7. Kellogg Co., "Nutrition at a Glance," Available at http://www.kelloggsnutrition.com/learn-about-labels/nutrition-at-a-glance.html.
8. Food Standards Agency, "Traffic Light Labeling," Available at http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/foodlabels/trafficlights/.
9. Livsmedelsverket, National Food Administration, "The Keyhole Symbol," Available at http://www.slv.se/en-gb/Group1/Food-and-Nutrition/Keyhole-symbol/.
10. Hannaford, "What is Guiding Stars?," Available at http://www.hannaford.com/Contents/Healthy_Living/Guiding_Stars/index.shtml?lid=mb.
11. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005," 6th ed., Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2005, Available at http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/.
12. FDA, "Food Labeling: Use of Symbols to Communicate Nutrition Information, Consideration of Consumer Studies and Nutritional Criteria; Public Hearing; Request for Comments," (72 FR 39815, July 20, 2007), Available at http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2007/pdf/E7-14046.pdf.
13. FDA, "Comments on Symbols Public Hearing and Current Plans for Addressing Issues," Available at http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/home.html#documentDetail?R=09000064809623e8, April 21, 2009.
14. FDA, "Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Experimental Study of Nutrition Symbols on Food Packages," (74 FR 26244, June 1, 2009), Available at http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E9-12669.htm.
15. FDA, "Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Experimental Studies of Nutrition Symbols on Food Packages," (74 FR 62786, December 1, 2009), Available at http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E9-28699.htm.
16. Sutherland, L.A., L.A. Kaley, and L. Fischer, "Guiding Stars: The Effect of a Nutrition Navigation Program on Consumer Purchases at the Supermarket," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Available at http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/ajcn.2010.28450Cv1, February 10, 2010.
17. Malam, S., S. Clegg, S. Kirwin, et al., "Comprehension and Use of UK Nutrition Signpost Labelling Schemes," British Market Research Bureau, Available at http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/pmpreport.pdf, 2009.
18. Kelly, B., C. Hughes, K. Chapman, et al., "Consumer Testing of the Acceptability and Effectiveness of Front-of-Pack Food Labelling Systems for the Australian Grocery Market," Health Promotion International, 24(2): 120-9, 2009.
19. Borgmeier I., and J. Westenhoefer, "Impact of Different Food Label Formats on Healthiness Evaluation and Food Choice of Consumers: A Randomized-Controlled Study," BMC Public Health, 9: 184, 2009.
20. Feunekes, G.I., I.A. Gortemaker, A.A. Willems, et al., "Front-of-Pack nutrition Labelling: Testing Effectiveness of Different Nutrition Labelling Formats Front-of-Pack in Four European Countries," Appetite, 50(1): 57-70, 2008.
21. Which?, "Healthy Signs?," Campaign Report, London, United Kingdom, Available at http://www.which.co.uk/documents/pdf/healthy-signs--which---campaign-report--176909.pdf, 2006.
22. Food Standards Agency, Quantitative Evaluation of Alternative Food Signposting Concepts: Report of Findings, London, United Kingdom, Available at http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/signpostquanresearch.pdf, 2005.
23. Young, L., and B. Swinburn, "Impact of the Pick the Tick Food Information Programme on the Salt Content of Food in New Zealand," Health Promotion International 17(1): 13-9, 2002.
24. Scott, V. and A.F. Worsley, "Ticks, Claims, Tables and Food Groups: A Comparison for Nutrition Labelling," Health Promotion International, 9(1): 27-37, 1994.
25. General Mills, "Nutrition Highlights," Available at http://www.generalmills.com/corporate/health_wellness/nutrition_highlights.aspx.
26. American Heart Association, "Heart-Check Mark," Available at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2115.Start Signature
Dated: April 26, 2010.
Leslie Kux,
Acting Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
1. Under 21 CFR 101.1, the PDP of a food in package form is defined as the part of the label "that is most likely to be displayed * * * or examined under customary conditions of display for retail sale." It is usually, but not always, on the front of the food package.Back to Citation
[FR Doc. 2010-9939 Filed 4-26-10; 11:15 am]


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Two theatrical releases opening Friday may split audiences into Mars and Venus camps, with the arrival of PG-13-rated "Rush Hour 2" and Disney's G-rated "The Princess Diaries."
"Rush Hour 2" reunites Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan in the long-awaited sequel to the 1998 surprise hit. This time, Tucker's unorthodox detective James Carter, vacationing in Hong Kong, is the fish out of water when he and Chan's by-the-book Chief Inspector Lee are called into action to bring down the head of China's deadliest gang. Zhang Ziyi, unforgettable as the Invincible Sword Goddess in "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," co-stars as a deadly henchwoman.

subset: commoncrawl


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DNCE get students moving at charity dance marathon
Joe Jonas and his Dnce bandmates helped to keep students moving during Penn State University's annual dance marathon by performing a surprise set at the event.
The Cake by the Ocean hitmakers decided to drop in on the weekend (18-19Feb17) charity bash, recognized as the world's largest student-run philanthropy event, at the Bryce Jordan Center in Pennsylvania to offer their support - and a little live music - as participants danced for 46 hours straight to raise money for charity.
This year's (17) massive gathering, dubbed THON, brought in more than $10 million to fight childhood cancer and cover the cost of treatment for patients, reports the New York Post.


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|Letters to the Editor
The Same Old Shell Game... Why, Yes, Let's Kill Two Birds With One Stone... End This "Experiment"... Fr. Thomas Doyle - A Different Take... Not a Dime's Worth of Difference... Lamont on Vatican II... Appropriate Dress for Catholic Women... "An Inadvertent Pawn Of Our True Enemy"...
|New Oxford Notes
Here Come the Catholic Cheerleaders... The Same Old Yada-Yada... Shall We Privatize "Marriage" & Everything Else?... Hysteria Central
|Robert Sungenis
Grand Detours From the Second Vatican Council
|Theresa Marie Moreau
Freedom of Religion - in the Church
|Michael W. Ryan
An Overview of Financial Vulnerabilities At the Parish Level
|Joseph O'Brien
A First Reckoning With the Latin Mass
|Michael S. Rose
The News You May Have Missed
Mom Rock... Ph.D. in Air Guitar... Something to Do... Silicone Junkies... "Deferred Success"... Locker-Room Discrimination... Hey Wait...It's Art!
|James O. Clifford, Sr.
Cardinal Law Was Looking for Media Sin in the Wrong Places
|Daniel M. Hoffman
Athanasius Against the World: Still Looking for Some Company
|Patrick Rooney
A Man of Courage
|Briefly Reviewed
Reviews of Memory and Identity: Conversations at the Dawn of a Millennium... Swimming With Scapulars: True Confessions of a Young Catholic... Fully Human, Fully Divine: An Interactive Christology... Drawn into the Mystery of Jesus Through the Gospel of John... Silent Music: The Life, Work, and Thought of St. John of the Cross


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Last-Minute Strategies to Conquer High School Finals
When it comes to your final tests, preparing yourself earlier, rather than later, will always be the best possible scenario.
By Andrea Deck, Varsity Tutors' Contributor
December 02, 2014
December often arrives without much warning, and your finals are suddenly – and terrifyingly – upon you.
Instead of succumbing to the stress of the last weeks of the semester, here are four last-minute strategies that can help you wage war on those high school finals!
Plan a study schedule
If you already feel anxious and unprepared for your finals, take a deep breath. Set aside an hour or two to plan your remaining days and weeks. Ensure you review every subject thoroughly. This may seem like a tremendous undertaking when you are so short on time, but it can truly help you maximize your hours.
Utilize diverse learning tools
If you are struggling to commit the necessary class content to memory, try a new tactic. Write a study guide that includes the items you know and the details you always forget. You might also consider creating an outline of the exam topics. Why? Writing information in your own words engages the parts of your mind that allow you to retain knowledge.
This is just like teaching the content to yourself a second time, but it is not the only new technique you can utilize. You can also tell yourself a story that includes the information, or draw a picture – in short, any action that does not include reading someone else's words.
Prioritize your time
This is often the most difficult aspect of reviewing for finals. What subjects or tests are most important? Is it your favorite course, or the one with which you are especially struggling? Is there a project that will require more time to complete? You don't necessarily need to forego a football game or a choir practice, so long as you schedule time for all of your commitments.
This does not, however, mean that you can choose to watch all of your television shows if it limits your available study time. Self-care (in other words, the occasional indulgence) can help you boost your productivity, but use it sparingly.
Set aside ample time for sleep
A well-rested brain works faster and more accurately than a tired and sluggish brain. By high school, this should not be novel news. You should not schedule an all-nighter to cram course content into your poor, tired mind. Sleeping, eating well, and otherwise taking care of yourself will ultimately help you work more efficiently. It can even help you perform better on your exams.
A quick note about cramming that every student should take in: information stays in your brain for far longer if you revisit it on multiple occasions. If you are interacting with course content for the first time the evening before your test, it is very unlikely to be at your fingertips (i.e. easily recalled) during your exam the next day.
When it comes to your final tests, preparing yourself earlier, rather than later, will always be the best possible scenario. But if that time has already passed, do your best not to panic, and instead make the best use of your remaining time instead.
Good luck on your exams!
Andrea Deck is a professional GRE tutor and contributing writer for Varsity Tutors. She is a graduate student at Columbia University in the class of 2015.
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Excess Baggage Tops Biggest Loser Publicity With A K-Fed Health Scare
It is the reality fat busting shows going hammer and tongs in the publicity department with first The Biggest Loser team saying they kicked a contestant of the show for boozing, and now Excess Baggage have returned fire with K-Fed being taken to hospital today with chest pain.
The SMH is reporting that K-Fed was training with AFL team Greater Western Giants, and he complained of chest pain. He was taken to Mt Druitt hospital where he is reported to have not had a heart attack, but he will be kept in for observation.
Mt Druitt hospital staff must be very excited as I doubt they have ever had a celebrity as big as K-Fed wheeled through the doors.
Excess Baggage premieres on Monday 30 January at 7.00pm on Channel Nine, and The Biggest Loser starts tonight at 7.00pm on Network TEN.
Related Posts
3 comments
- 1 SEDI { 01.23.12 at 9:35 pm }
As a resident of this area I am absolutely kicking myself that I didn't find out he was here!! Can almost guarantee this outranks the constant visits by Julia and Tony. Oh well, anything BL does EB does better.
- 2 Culinary Boner { 01.24.12 at 11:21 am }
"Mt Druitt hospital staff must be very excited as I doubt they have ever had a celebrity as big as K-Fed wheeled through the doors."
Surely Max Bygraves passed through when performing in the vicinity at the Rooty Hill RSL
- 3 brain dead dave { 01.24.12 at 3:28 pm }
Yo, you Over-Fed ,dude.


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About this pack
Yarncraft, a texture-pack recreating the Legends and the Yarns in Minecraft.
Yarncraft was made primarily for Machinimas and Short minecraft films to enhance the feeling that you are watching a story that was told thousands and thousands of years ago. A yarn. All the textures will be, through, not definitive since feedback will be always heard and understood to make this Texture pack better and better over the time.
How to Install Yarncraft Texture Pack for Minecraft
Credits: theVoid1313


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By tracking sales and returns in real time, SIRAS services give these manufacturers an accurate picture of daily activity for activated products across the retail marketplace...
Redmond, Washington (PRWEB) February 27, 2014
SIRAS®, the Redmond-based subsidiary of Nintendo of America Inc. that provides retailers and manufacturers cloud- and web-based services for tracking and authorizing sales and returns of products, announced today that two manufacturers—Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. (GMCR) and Techno Source, a division of LF Products —have joined the SIRAS OmniTrace and ReturnFlex programs for tracking sales, returns, and transactions, and for validating returns. Product assortments have been activated for services at five participating retailer chains in the US and Canada.
Using SIRAS on-demand services, GMCR and Techno Source can now track sales and returns daily across major mass-market and specialty consumer electronics retailers in the United States. Retail associates and customer service agents can determine whether a product being returned is eligible for return or still under manufacturer warranty. Retailers can also verify that they, rather than another retailer, sold a product being presented for return. By applying a system of patented and patent-pending methodologies that track products by unique identifier (UID) throughout the product lifecycle, SIRAS is able to offer manufacturers and retailers on-demand confidence about individual products and their warranty and return status without storing personal data about consumers.
"We look forward to SIRAS helping to grow our partnerships with our retail customers by enabling a more profitable product offering year after year," said Eric Levin, executive vice president of Techno Source. "We are especially impressed by SIRAS's ability to help our retailers prevent returns fraud and other types of losses, while ensuring that our consumers receive the best possible service along with our groundbreaking products."
"Since our company was founded, we have been dedicated to delivering the highest possible product quality and customer service," said Richard Sweeney, vice president of new supplier relationships of GMCR. "We're confident that our partnership with SIRAS and the data-driven business insights will help us in our ongoing pursuit of both these goals."
"GMCR and Techno Source are renowned for their best-in-class products," said Peter Junger, president of SIRAS. "By tracking sales and returns in real time, SIRAS services give these manufacturers an accurate picture of daily activity for activated products across the retail marketplace. SIRAS also ensures that returns are processed efficiently and without guesswork in compliance with warranty and return policies. Through our omnichannel data services, SIRAS helps these manufacturers and their retail customers improve the customer experience while reducing fraud."
"We are excited to see the breadth of quality brands and scope of product categories seeking SIRAS solutions for improving product profitability and business intelligence," says Maridee Maraz, vice president of sales and marketing at SIRAS. "These two manufacturers activating at three of our participating retailers—spanning brick-and-mortar stores and online channels—represent a growing recognition of SIRAS services as a retail industry solution that helps resolve problems in omnichannel services, customer service, and operations to drive profitability in each area."
About SIRAS.com
SIRAS (http://www.siras.com) is the pioneer in Electronic Registration (OmniTrace™) and comprehensive return-validation methodology (ReturnFlex™), which allows participating retailers and manufacturers to optimize their retail business operations, and to provide customers with a seamless omnichannel experience. SIRAS helps clients improve customer satisfaction, protect and elevate their brands, track products, reduce returns and fraud, protect inventory, recover stolen products, identify counterfeit goods, validate warrantees, and improve forward and reverse logistics operations. By tracking each product throughout its sales lifecycle by its unique "fingerprint" rather than by customer data, SIRAS respects and preserves consumer anonymity. SIRAS provides valuable tools for its manufacturing, retailer and law enforcement partners to optimize operations, resolve investigations, improve visibility, business intelligence and forecasting, and improve the consumer experience.
About Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc.
As a leader in specialty coffee and coffee makers, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. (GMCR), is recognized for its award-winning coffees, innovative Keurig® brewing technology, and socially responsible business practices. GMCR supports local and global communities by investing in sustainably-grown coffee, and donating a portion of its pre-tax profits to social and environmental projects. For more information, please visit http://www.GMCR.com.
About Kurio S Series by Techno Source
Techno Source, a division of LF Products (a Li & Fung company), is one of the fastest growing global toy companies due to its reputation for ground-breaking products, marketing prowess, and strong retail relationships. Techno Source's Kurio S Series are the ultimate Android™ devices for families, with 7S and 10S tablets and a Touch 4S handheld that are designed to provide peace of mind through best-in-class parental controls and web filtering, while packing the devices and tons of preloaded apps, games, e-books, and educational content.
# # #
Trademarks are properties of SIRAS. SIRAS technology is protected by one or more U.S. patents. All other trademarks are registered by their respective companies.


text:
My Milk Toof
The blog My Milk Toof features the pictorial adventures of ickle and Lardee, two baby teeth. Here's the backstory:
When I was young, I placed my baby teeth under my pillow and when i woke up I'd find a shiny new quarter. But whatever happened to those little teeth? Where did they go? Would I ever see them again?
Many years later, a little tooth was standing at my door. It looked familiar. It's name was ickle. Welcome home, my milk toof!
The simple stories and photographs are just plain adorable. Link -via Metafilter
Newest 5 Comments
I love the little milk teef. I keep imagining the photographer maybe finding these little teeth figurines at a yard sale or something and thinking, "hey, wait a minute..."
Plus, the photographs have a lovely mid-century feel to them. Reminds me of children's books from the 50s.
Plus, the photographs have a lovely mid-century feel to them. Reminds me of children's books from the 50s.
Think you meant 'bored' not 'board' btw.
It's original to me. First humanoid tooth I've ever seen. Funny and clever. Great stuff.
I don't care how "original" it is, I still luff it.
*bored. too bored to spell, actually.


text:
A thesaurus is essential when describing the Blackhawks' Dave Bolland.
To his opponents, he's a nightmare. A pest. A nuisance. A troublemaker. A rat.
To his teammates, he's a stalwart. An asset. A weapon. A necessity. A rat.
Hmm, looks like that last one's the perfect starting point. That, and Bolland's ability to shut down the opposition's top scorers, which is his primary task.


text:
Waratahs hold out hope for Foley
The decision on whether Foley will play will be decided on Friday, with head coach Daryl Gibson giving him every chance to take on the Brumbies.
"For Bernard it's all about how he pulls up after training today. We will be monitoring how he goes overnight," said Gibson.
"He's training well, we just need to see how he is. The ultimate decision will lie with our medical team."
Meanwhile, the Waratahs welcome back Will Skelton and Jed Holloway to the starting line-up with Ned Hanigan also back from injury on the bench.
The match will also be Sekope Kepu's 100th match in a Waratahs jersey.
Waratahs: 15 Andrew Kellaway, 14 Reece Robinson, 13 Israel Folau, 12 Irae Simone, 11 Rob Horne, 10 Bernard Foley/Bryce Hegarty, 9 Nick Phipps, 7 Michael Hooper (captain), 6 Jack Dempsey, 5 Will Skelton, 4 Dean Mumm, 3 Sekope Kepu, 2 Tolu Latu, 1 Tom Robertson.
Replacements: 16 Hugh Roach, 17 Paddy Ryan, 18 David Lolohea, 19 David McDuling, 20 Ned Hanigan, 21 Michael Wells, 22 Jake Gordon, 23 Bryce Hegarty/David Horwitz.
Date: Saturday, March 18
Venue: Allianz Stadium, Sydney
Kick-off: 19.45 (08.45)
Referee: Glen Jackson (New Zealand)
Assistant referees: Nic Berry (Australia), William Houston (Australia)
TMO: Ian Smith (Australia)


text:
Huawei develops new cloud services that are offered free of charge to Huawei mobile device users. Huawei ID is in the center of everything – it´s linked to all services so user can access everything with just one click.
Huawei Cloud
seamless, simple and secure
Huawei Cloud enables users to backup and restore their data and phone settings wirelessly, synchronise and easily transfer data across Huawei mobile devices, as well as store and access files safely using Cloud Drive. Huawei Cloud update will be gradually rolled out to all devices with EMUI 5.1 or newer* starting with Huawei P10, P10 Plus, P10 lite and Nova 2.
Apps & Games
Huawei AppGallery offers consumers a user and family-friendly app store specifically designed to promote high-quality content, special value offers and apps optimized for Huawei. The store will be pre-installed on all new Huawei and Honor phones, starting with Huawei P20, and it will be also rolled out to older devices during Q2 2018*. Huawei and Honor users can also download AppGallery to their phone in advance from HERE
As you like it
Give your interface an individual look with Themes. Choose from a broad variety to customize unlock screen, home screen, icons and fonts. You will love your smartphone.
Phone Clone
Always at your service
Data transfer from your old smartphone to your new HUAWEI has become so much easier. Simply install the HUAWEI Phone Clone app to both devices and move all of your important data with one single click. Stop worrying. Start transferring.
Take Care
The HiCare app offers professional customer services and a comprehensive assistance for your HUAWEI device. Find a local service center, make use of the first-class sale service, get online support for hardware and software matters and download software updates.
Follow us on social media
keep up-to-date with the latest news


text: The context is the problems with mumble and celt, which have been referred to the Technical Committee (of which I'm a member). Ian Jackson writes ("Re: mumble and celt, #682010, TC"): > So in summary, the conclusion seems to be: > > * If we cannot find a maintainer for celt who looks like they'll be > able to handle it for the lifetime of wheezy then we need to allow > the current mumble (and perhaps other rdepends) in sid to propagate > and will then be able to remove celt from wheezy. Thorvald: you are listed as the maintainer for mumble, along with Ron. Patrick: you seem to have been involved in mumble recently. Ron evidently has no interest in maintaining celt in wheezy, and we need a maintainer for the celt package so that wheezy's mumble will interoperate properly. I see that the mumble package itself has embedded copies of various versions of celt. Are either of you happy to maintain the non-embedded celt 0.7.1 package in wheezy as well ? Do you need co-maintainers, sponsors, etc. ? Thanks, Ian.


text:
"Thanks for a quick productions and a quality product"
"This card can be used for more than a birthday invitation, since you upload your own design and there is no preprinted text. I added a picture and several areas of my own text. My card turned out beautifully, and the recipient was delighted."
"The invitations I ordered for my granddaughters first birthday are awesome. Always great results."
"I love the ease of making my own design invitation. The only thing I would change is the ability to add lines between the pictures, as I wasn't able to do that in the design feature."
"Love these invites they turned out so cute!"


text:
Quick Reference
A sentence longer than the maximum prescribed for a particular offence, which was formerly imposed on persistent offenders under certain circumstances. The power to impose extended sentences was abolished by the Criminal Justice Act 1991.
From: extended sentence in A Dictionary of Law »
Subjects: Law.
Related content in Oxford Index
Reference entries
Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content.


text:
Build Guide by Teknofunk
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Swain Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
This is my first guide. I will spend more time revising the description later but I wanted to put the general idea out there for now.
Swain gains increased damage, healing and movement speed from his ultimate. His ultimate is his most damaging skill and the most useful for ganks and teamfights. He also looks like a beast. Therefore, it is advantageous to keep it up for as long as you can during fights. Unfortunately, it is very mana intesnsive and you will find yourself running out of mana at inopportune times. To counteract this, mana regen items are purchased.
The mastery includes a full 30% increased duration of monster buffs. This is because Golemn Buff is the lynchpin of this approach to mana regen. With a tear of the goddess, chalice of harmony and the golemn buff you are looking at 200 mp/5 base plus increased regeneration the longer you have your bird form active. With minion kills, this regeneration can easily exceed 300 mp/5. At this point, you will find that you can keep your ultimate up for 20 seconds or longer and still be able to cast your other spells. After toggling your ultimate off you will find you regenerate all of your mana in about 10-15 seconds.
Summoner spells chosen and specific items purchased are dependent on your team comp and whether or not you'll be laning solo. Ignite goes well with Swain's torment for an easy 20% increased true damage. Using clarity while your ultimate is active will give you a little extra breathing room early game but it is not needed. Keep in mind the point of this build is to keep your ultimate toggled as long as possible. It is very important that chalice of harmony and archangel/tear of the goddess are used.
Thanks for taking time to look through and check back later for a more organized and rigorous approach to my methodology.


text:
Brand Names: Cycloset
Generic Name: bromocriptine (Cycloset) (Pronunciation: BROE moe KRIP teen)
- What is bromocriptine (Cycloset) (Cycloset)?
- What are the possible side effects of Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- What is the most important information I should know about Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- How should I take Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- What happens if I miss a dose (Cycloset)?
- What happens if I overdose (Cycloset)?
- What should I avoid while taking Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- What other drugs will affect Cycloset (Cycloset)?
- Where can I get more information?
What is bromocriptine (Cycloset) (Cycloset)?
This medication guide provides information about the Cycloset brand of bromocriptine. Parlodel is another brand of bromocriptine that is not covered in this medication guide.
The Cycloset brand of bromocriptine is used together with diet and exercise to treat type 2 diabetes. Cycloset is not for treating type 1 diabetes.
Bromocriptine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What are the possible side effects of Cycloset (Cycloset)?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
- vision problems, constant runny nose;
- chest pain, pain when you breathe, fast heart rate, rapid breathing, feeling short of breath (especially when lying down);
- back pain, swelling in your ankles or feet, urinating less than usual or not at all;
- confusion, hallucinations, feeling like you might pass out;
- low blood sugar (headache, hunger, weakness, sweating, tremors, irritability, trouble concentrating);
- muscle movements you cannot control, loss of balance or coordination;
- bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds; or
- dangerously high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, seizure).
Less serious side effects may include:
- dizziness, mild drowsiness, feeling weak or tired;
- mild headache;
- stuffy nose;
- upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation; or
- cold feeling or numbness in your fingers.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What is the most important information I should know about Cycloset (Cycloset)?
This medication guide provides information about the Cycloset brand of bromocriptine. Parlodel is another brand of bromocriptine that is not covered in this medication guide.
You should not use Cycloset if you are breast-feeding, if you have migraine headaches that cause you to faint, or if you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (Call your doctor for treatment with insulin).
You should not breast-feed a baby while taking bromocriptine.
Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while taking bromocriptine.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Cycloset (Cycloset)?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to bromocriptine or to an ergot medicine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot, D.H.E. 45, Migranal, Methergine).
You should not use Cycloset if:
- you are breast-feeding;
- you have migraine headaches that cause you to faint; or
- you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (Call your doctor for treatment with insulin).
Bromocriptine may contain lactose. Before taking Cycloset, tell your doctor if you have a hereditary form of galactose intolerance, severe lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption.
To make sure you can safely take bromocriptine, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
- high or low blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of heart attack;
- liver or kidney disease;
- a tumor of the pituitary gland;
- a stomach ulcer or history of stomach or intestinal bleeding; or
- a history of mental illness or psychosis.
FDA pregnancy category B. Bromocriptine is not expected to harm an unborn baby. However, a pituitary tumor in the mother can expand during pregnancy. High blood pressure can also occur during pregnancy and bromocriptine could be dangerous if taken by a pregnant woman with high blood pressure. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
Bromocriptine lowers the hormone needed to produce breast milk. Do not breast-feed a baby while taking bromocriptine.
How should I take Cycloset (Cycloset)?
Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.
Cycloset is usually taken each morning with food, within 2 hours after you wake up.
Your blood sugar will need to be checked often, and you may need other blood tests at your doctor's office. Visit your doctor regularly.
Know the signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and how to recognize them: headache, hunger, weakness, sweating, tremors, irritability, or trouble concentrating.
Always keep a source of sugar available in case you have symptoms of low blood sugar. Sugar sources include orange juice, glucose gel, candy, or milk. If you have severe hypoglycemia and cannot eat or drink, use an injection of glucagon. Your doctor can give you a prescription for a glucagon emergency injection kit and tell you how to give the injection. Be sure your family and close friends know how to help you in an emergency.
Also watch for signs of blood sugar that is too high (hyperglycemia). These symptoms include increased thirst, increased urination, hunger, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, drowsiness, dry skin, blurred vision, and weight loss.
Check your blood sugar carefully during a time of stress or illness, if you travel, exercise more than usual, drink alcohol, or skip meals. These things can affect your glucose levels and your dose needs may also change.
Your doctor may want you to stop taking Cycloset for a short time if you become ill, have a fever or infection, or if you have surgery or a medical emergency.
Ask your doctor how to adjust your Cycloset dose if needed. Do not change your medication dose or schedule without your doctor's advice.
Cycloset is only part of a complete program of treatment that may also include diet, exercise, and testing your blood sugar. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Changing any of these factors can affect your blood sugar levels.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
What happens if I miss a dose (Cycloset)?
Skip the missed Cycloset dose if you have not taken it within 2 hours after waking up in the morning. Wait until the next morning to take your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose (Cycloset)?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, sweating, pale skin, dizziness, drowsiness, yawning, confusion, hallucinations, and fainting.
What should I avoid while taking Cycloset (Cycloset)?
If you use any ergot medicine to treat migraine headaches, such as ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), or methylergonovine (Methergine): Avoid using the ergot medicine within 6 hours before or after you have taken Cycloset.
Bromocriptine may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.
What other drugs will affect Cycloset (Cycloset)?
Many other drugs can interact with bromocriptine. Below is just a partial list. Tell your doctor if you are using:
- an antidepressant, a sedative or narcotic medication, medicines to treat psychiatric disorders;
- an antibiotic or antifungal medication, anti-malaria drugs;
- asthma or allergy medication;
- cancer medicine, medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection;
- cholesterol-lowering drugs such as simvastatin (Zocor);
- an oral diabetes medication;
- heart or blood pressure medications, heart rhythm medication;
- HIV or AIDS medications;
- seizure medications;
- sildenafil (Viagra) and other erectile dysfunction medicines; or
- stomach acid reducers.
This list is not complete and there are many other drugs that can interact with bromocriptine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.
Where can I get more information?
Your doctor or pharmacist can provide more information about bromocriptine (Cycloset).
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
Copyright 1996-2013 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 11.01. Revision date: 4/15/2012.
Your use of the content provided in this service indicates that you have read,understood and agree to the End-User License Agreement,which can be accessed by clicking on this link.


text: Compaq makes 3-year commitment to Total College Sports Network Published on March 19, 1998. Total College Sports Network has signed Compaq Computer Corp. to a three-year deal as sponsor of online cybercasts of various NCAA Division I championships such as basketball, baseball, soccer and volleyball. The deal gives Compaq category exclusivity on the sports network. Banner ads are already appearing on this year's NCAA basketball site. Other sponsors of this year's contest are American Express Co., GTE Corp., General Motors Corp.'s Oldsmobile and EA Sports.Copyright March 1998, Crain Communications Inc. Most Popular In this article: News


text:
SF Chronicle Put Up for Sale
The owners of the San Francisco Chronicle made it official yesterday their company is on the block.
After a board meeting, Chronicle Publishing Co. released a statement saying that the company's assets -- including the 134-year-old newspaper and San Francisco's NBC affiliate, KRON-TV -- were being offered in a sale being coordinated by an investment banking firm of Donaldson, Lukin & Jenrette.
Last month, the company had announced it had hired DLJ to explore strategic options. Two weeks later, the resignation of chief financial officer Alan Nichols Jr.
who had been seen as heir to chief executive officer
reinforced the belief that a sale was imminent.
Since the announcement, speculation has focused on two bidders:
Hearst Corp., the owner of the rival San Francisco Examiner, is believed to have right of first refusal to buy The Chronicle.
NBC, a division of General Electric Corp., has been mentioned in the trade press as very interested in buying KRON, its affiliate in the nation's fifth largest TV market.
Analysts have said it is unlikely that KRON and the Chronicle could be sold together because of FCC rules prohibiting cross-ownership of a TV station and a newspaper in the same market. The Chronicle was exempt under a "grandfather" clause.
The Chronicle is the largest daily newspaper in Northern California, with weekday circulation of 475.000, and a colorful history that includes writers from Mark Twain to Jack London to its legendary late gossip columnist, Herb Caen.
The Chronicle was founded in 1865 by brothers Michael and Charles DeYoung. The company is still owned by their descendants, but ownership has become widely dispersed over the generations.
One-third of the shares are owned by Nan Tucker McEvoy and her son Nion McEvoy, who also sits on the Chronicle Publishing board. Members of the Thieriot and Stent families together control another third of the company. The Tobin and Martin families control the remaining third.
Chronicle Publishing also owns two other newspapers, the Bloomington (Ill.) Pantagraph and the Worcester (Mass.) Telegram & Gazette. It owns two other TV stations: KAKE in Wichita, Kan.; and WOWT in Omaha, Neb.
Other properties include online news and information service SF Gate, cable news channel BayTV, Chronicle Books and MBI, a Wisconsin book publisher. The company employs about 3,200.
The possible sale to Hearst could mean that San Francisco would be left with only one daily newspaper, presumably published in the morning.
Until 2005, The Chronicle and the Examiner are under a joint-operating agreement. Signed in 1965, the JOA allows the two papers to share noneditorial operations such as printing, circulation and advertising. The papers equally share revenues and expenses from their joint operation, the San Francisco Newspaper Agency.
The papers maintain separate, competitive newsrooms. The agreement dictates that The Chronicle publish in the morning and the Examiner in the afternoon, a weaker position that has left the Examiner with only about one-fourth of the Chronicle's circulation. Each paper contributes sections to a combined Sunday edition.


text:
NZIBS CPD Workshop Programme 2017
The NZIBS CPD Workshop Programme 2017 is a great way to be involved, to be more informed around new legislation and will help you to understand issues you need to know.
The NZIBS CPD Workshop Programme 2017 caters to those who are new to the industry and to those who are in the construction industry looking for a CPD points refresher or to upskill.
1 hour = 1 CPD point.
We are pleased to share the following training partners for any CPD training in 2017.
There are many benefits to any business owner when undertaking this form of training;
- This training will provide you with the skills and motivation to develop more and better business practices.
- The training will help you to better understand your customers and their expectations. For example; learning about the client's expectations through astute questioning before entering into an agreement.
- Training is essential for knowledge transfer. It's very important to share knowledge among your staff.
If only one person has special skills, you'll have a tough time recouping their knowledge if they suddenly leave the company. Spread knowledge around — it's like diversifying your investments.
Granted, it may take some time to see a return on your investment, but the long-term gains associated with training make a difference. The short-term expense of a training program ensures you keep qualified and up to date, learn ways to protect your business and productive workers who will help your company succeed.
NZIBS training courses;
- Building Act Refresher
- Presenter: Rosemary Killip
- Course overview;
- Are you new to the building industry in NZ?
- Do you need a refresher of the Rules?
- Do you get confused by Council requirement
Course facilitation option:
– Face to Face public workshop, 2 hours
– Cost $195.00 per person + GST
- Recognising Defects in conjunction to the MBIE Guide to tolerances, materials and workmanship in new residential construction
- Presenter: William Hursthouse
- Course Overview;
- What does the Building Amendment Act mean to me?
- Do you need a refresher of the rules?
- Do you have a good understanding of what is, and what is not, a defect?
Course facilitation option:
– Face to Face public workshop, 2 hours
– Cost $195.00 per person + GST
- Building disputes and how to reduce your risk of being sued
- Presenters: Bryan Easton and Sarah Mitchell, Grimshaw & Co.
The last 15 years has seen a large number of legal claims made against building professionals including builders, architects, Councils, engineers, project managers,
developers, product manufacturers, plasterers, tilers, roofers, cladders, painters / texture coaters, plumbers, waterproofers and fire engineers.
Anyone involved in the construction industry can be caught up in a legal claim, which has the potential to have major implications for their business and
personal life.
Do you want to learn from the mistakes of others and reduce your risk of being sued?
Course facilitation option:
– Face to Face public workshop, 2 hours
– Cost $195.00 per person + GST
Registration to each of the above workshops, are based on a wait list. Once we have reached the minimum attendance number you will be notified.
Should you wish to run one of the above workshops in-house or you wish to be waitlisted, please E: firstname.lastname@example.com the NZIBS Events team.
NZIBS in partnership with structured training specialists Vertical Horizonz now offer an extensive NZIBS CPD workshop programme.
Vertical Horizonz New Zealand (VHNZ) was registered as a Private Training Establishment (PTE) with NZQA in 1998. They are 100% New Zealand owned and operated.
Some of the training courses that are on offer;
- National Certificate in OSH (Level 3) Trade Sector
- Site Safety Passport
- National Certificate in Adult Education (Level 4)
- Confined Spaces Refresher
- NEBOSH International General Certificate
NZIBS Member promo code: NZIBS2017
Click the link to learn more about the training courses Vertical Horizonz offers. The above promo code can be used when making public course bookings.
Vertical Horizonz offers numerous training courses throughout the year, in various locations.
So please check their website on a regular basis to see what is on offer.
New Zealand's leading authority on building compliance.
We provide training in the NZ Building Act and NZ Building Code for local government, the building industry, and the public of NZ.
Some of the training courses that are on offer;
- Independent Pool Inspector training,
- Building Act refresher,
- Certificate in IQP Compliance
- Plumbing Cross Skills Course
NZIBS Member Promo code: look out for the NZIBS ticket and add in your membership number.
Click the link to learn more about the training courses Building Networks offers.
Building Networks offers numerous training courses throughout the year, in various locations.
So please check their website on a regular basis to see what is on offer.
NZIBS CPD Workshop Programme 2017 (NZIBS training conditions only)
For a NZIBS CPD Workshop to run we require a minimum of 15 participants. with a maximum of 30 participants.
To be eligible for the NZIBS Member registration rate, you need to be a current NZIBS full, transitional or student Member.
Payment is required up-front before the commencement of the workshop and/or before the close of registration.
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Conducting a content audit regularly on your WordPress site is quite necessary. As you may have been adding new content every day to gain more traffic and better search engine visibility, it's time to review all the existing posts especially the old ones to make sure they are optimal for both search engine rankings and user experience.
This tutorial will provide some simple tips to conduct a content audit on a small or medium sized WordPress site with a few hundred posts and pages in total. To complete the audit, you need to be patient because it might take several hours. However, you can rest assured that the entire process does not require many technical skills.
Why You Need to Conduct a Content Audit
Most bloggers pay much attention to the planning and production of new content while leaving the old posts alone as soon as they were published. This is a common mistake because the neglect of the optimization of your old posts makes you miss out great opportunities of being ranked well and visited more.
A content audit, however, saves you from this mistake by letting you look back and find the chances hidden in the existing content on your site. You can easily figure out the weaknesses and strengths, as well as what needs changes. As content is the soul of your WordPress site, a content audit helps you improve it.
Generally speaking, a proper content audit is useful due to the following primary reasons.
- Improve your search engine rankings. By taking a careful look at the SEO elements of the existing content on your site, including the rankings, keywords, meta description, image alt tags, etc, you will be able to identify the weaknesses of your SEO strategies.
- Improve your content marketing strategies. With the analysis about the social shares, content length, visits, etc, you can determine the achievements of your current content marketing strategy and add new strategies accordingly.
Therefore, a content audit is all about optimization. By updating the old posts, you can make the most out of them and get the maximum SEO benefits, loyal audiences and revenues.
Now, follow the steps below to conduct a content audit by yourself.
Create a Spreadsheet for Content Audit
To conduct a successfully content audit, you have to create a spreadsheet which includes all the information you collect, for example, the URL, SEO metrics, title length and keywords. In this case, we suggest you use Google Sheets for the creation because this service is free of charge, and makes it easy for team collaboration. Of course, if you want to do everything on your own, you can also create a local spreadsheet with Excel only.
After creating a blank spreadsheet with Google Sheets, make sure to include all the basic columns in it, including the URL, Title, Description, Keyword, Visits, Google Ranking, Content and Date Audited. Depending on what information you want to collect, you can also add other columns you like, for example, Title Length, Word Count and Social Shares.
When the basic columns are added, the next thing to do is to fill in the "URL" column with all the available pages on your WordPress site. If you like, you can also include the most viewed pages only.
To get the URLs of all pages, you can take advantage of a crawling tool named Screaming Frog. This tool has a free version supporting the crawling of up to 500 URLs, which is enough for most small sized sites.
By using Screaming Frog, you can get your page URLs as well as the analyses of page titles, meta data, broken links, etc. After receiving the reports, export them as CVS or copy the information you need to your spreadsheet.
If you only want to audit the most viewed pages, you can collect the URLs by using Google Analytics. In your spreadsheet, click on "Add-ons", add Google Analytics, and then choose "Create new report".
In the dialog box, you can set the metrics and dimensions. In our example, we selected the "Unique Pageviews" as the metric and "Page" as the dimension. Of course, you can add whatever you want.
Then, you can configure the report to tell Google to show certain results only. For example, if you only want the report of pages with 100 or more unique pageviews, add ga:uniquePageviews>100 in the "Filters" section. Besides, you are able to decide the maximum number of results.
When these are done, select "Run Reports" from the "Add-ons" menu. In the reports that are returned, you will get all the URLs that meet the criteria you set. Simply copy the URLs to the audit spreadsheet.
Audit Your Content and Improve the Spreadsheet
Now that you have got the spreadsheet and the URLs you want to audit, the rest work is to manually go through all the pages to check the metrics in your spreadsheet. After reviewing a post for each metric, you can add a background color or a check mark.
There is no shortcut for the detailed audit, so you may spend hours to complete the somewhat "boring" job. However, the results will be certainly worth the time.
In below, we will introduce some basic metrics that you should take care of regardless of the type of your WordPress site.
The page title
A good headline increases the pageviews and conversion rates effectively. Therefore, for each post or page on your WordPress site, you have to make sure that the length of its headline is limited to 65 characters, the headline is unique, and it contains the proper keywords.
This refers to the permalink of a post/page. You should check whether it is concise and includes keywords. If you want to modify the permalink, don't do it right now. Instead, leave a note in the spreadsheet for a later job. Besides, make sure to create a 301 redirect after making any modification.
Meta description
If you have installed Yoast SEO, then you can audit the meta descriptions easily. Simply read through the meta description of each post to ensure it has the proper length, contains keywords, and is well written for humans instead of search engines.
Use of keywords
You may have noticed in the screenshot above that Yoast SEO makes it super easy to check the keyword uses in your post. The plugin detects the keywords in the page title, URL, content and meta description automatically so that you don't have to check them manually.
For the keywords, make sure that you are using long tail keywords, and they appear in your content for the sufficient times. At the same time, keep an eye on the keyword density to prevent the keyword stuffing issue.
As the most important part of the audit, you have to read the post/page content carefully and pay attention to the following things.
- Word count – A minimum of 300 words should be guaranteed.
- The content doesn't include any grammar errors.
- The content is readable to human beings and includes helpful information.
- There is no duplicate issue.
Image alt tags
Each image used in your posts and pages should have its own title and alt tag. And for better SEO, the alt tag must be descriptive, with the relevant long tail keywords included, too.
Internal links
Internal links deliver a good user experience and bring more traffic to your site. Therefore, when auditing the content, make sure each post includes a minimum of two or three internal links. Besides, the internal links must point to content-rich posts instead of the about page, homepage or other less-relevant pages. Also, the anchor text should be accurate, too. If you need any help, read these internal link optimization tips.
Collect other data
In addition to the basic aspects analyzed above, you may also need to collect data like bounce rate, page ranking, pageviews and outbound links if your future optimization plan involves these things. For such data, those helpful tools, such as Google Analytics and SEMRush, should help much.
Make a Content Optimization Plan
If you have made a good content audit spreadsheet, you will be able to work out an optimization strategy based on it. To make your life easier, we recommend you to add the following three columns to your spreadsheet and finish them when auditing the content in detail.
- Page Score. After reading a post or page, you can give it a score from 1-5 or 1-10 so that you can categorize them later and decide what to do with them.
- Action. This is a short conclusion. You can pre-define some choices like "Good", "Improve", "Consolidate" and "Delete", and then select one for single posts and pages based on their quality so that you will know how to deal with them.
- Strategy. This is where the detailed instructions for "Action" are located, so all the optimization suggestions are noted down here. For example, for a post marked for consolidation, you need to leave the URL that this post will be merged and redirected to under the "Strategy" column.
Conducting a content audit is a time-consuming job. If you run a large business site, we will suggest you hire a professional to do the job for you. However, the guides above are still suitable for most bloggers. Hopefully, you can get some new ideas about SEO and blog content during the content audit. Simply have a try.


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SAN BRUNO (CBS SF/AP) – YouTube is launching its own music awards and Lady Gaga will perform at the first-time event.
The Google Inc.-owned, San Bruno-based company announced Tuesday that Eminem and Arcade Fire will also perform at the YouTube Music Awards on November 3. The awards will be presented at Pier 36 in New York City and will stream live online.
The announcement said the awards show will honor "artists and songs that YouTube fans have turned into global hits over the past year."
Actor Jason Schwartzman will host the YouTube Music Awards. A press release said the awards show will also feature events from Seoul, South Korea; Moscow; London; and Brazil.
Nominees will be announced October 17.
(Copyright 2013 by CBS San Francisco and Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Whittier Pet Friendly Apartments
Whittier apartments and townhomes close to Whittier in the Friendly Hills area of Whittier, California. Quiet cul-de-sac setting, Arbor Ridge offers newly remodeled, truly spacious homes. Each apartment home boasts designer-selected carpet and tile, in-unit washers and dryers, and all the comforts of home. Plus a fitness room, sparkling pool and newly landscaped grounds for each resident to enjoy.
Whittier Apartments
What a great place for your new Whittier apartment! It's no wonder Whittier made Money Magazine's best 100 small cities for the past 2 years in a row. Here you get the best of Southern California living…and the amenities you'd think you could only get in a big city. Easy freeway access makes for do-able day trips to LA museums, and to the coastal havens of Santa Monica, Venice Beach and Palos Verdes. Arbor Ridge apartments is located right next to Whittier in Whittier, California
Whittier Apartments - Pet Friendly
|©2009 Arbor Ridge Apartments • Whittier, California


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We want to hear from you! Share your news, send us your pictures, volunteer, plan an event to reconnect or just stop by to visit. In hopes of creating a mentorship program, connecting alumni with current students, in the near future, we also encourage you to update your contact information below. To grow our EDS alumni network, help spread the word and urge other alums to do the same!
Sarah Soule Webb balances life in science and art. As a certified dietician and nutritionist, she cares for the infirm and elderly, sharing with them her warm disposition and thoughtful expertise in her field. Sarah's other gifts lie in her creative abilities as she has continued her passion for painting and pushed it beyond the realm of hobby into the creative landscapes of cities throughout the south. Known for her large compositions of loose depictions of iconic buildings, ethereal flora, and the world around her, Sarah also creates family treasures in the way of portraiture and captured moments through private commissions. She lives with her husband and two sons in Birmingham, Alabama.


text: Marble is known for its timeless elegance and has been relied on to add beauty to buildings for centuries. It has a clean and continuous look due to veins of colors that move throughout the stone. Marble is a soft-stone with a porous finish and is highly recommended for bathroom projects and commercial countertops. Marble comes in either a slab or a tile.Click to enlarge


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Meet Our People
"The fact that I am young inspires people. I started just like everyone else out of university. Through hard work and drive, I've been able to advance quickly—there's that opportunity here and many of my peers have similar stories."
"I live and breathe what I do. I look forward to retirement and international travel—the more you see and experience the more you understand, amazement is around every corner."
"What's amazing is the open space and open mindedness. I like to try out new things—analyze them and see what happens. OPG gives freedom to innovate and investigate. And the work we do is critical, relevant work."
"So far, it's pretty rewarding. People are helpful and address questions without hesitation. People here are pretty close."
"What I'm doing at OPG matters. The tools that I prepared for the outage were successfully deployed, and helped ensure safe operation of the plant."
"There's a great sense of fulfilment, not just from being assigned important tasks, but also from seeing them through to completion and getting full recognition for it."
"A great group of co-workers, valuable on-the-job learning and a safe work environment are making my internship a truly enjoyable experience."
"It's great to be able to relate my school work to my Co-op experience. Bringing what I know with me will help me rise to my full potential."
"It's nice to know that my work is being used for projects – that I'm actually contributing."


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Vinyl Acetate Monomer Market to Rise owing to Increasing Demand for Adhesives
Vinyl acetate monomer, also called as VAM, is a colorless liquid with low viscosity, and has a pungent odor. It is a prime raw material utilized in making chemicals that are then utilized in manufacturing a broad range of industrial and consumer products. Vinyl acetate monomer is produced by the reaction of acetic acid and ethylene with oxygen when a palladium catalyst is present. VAM is formed by scrubbing and condensation and is purified by the process of distillation. It is usually stored in steel storage tanks or reconditioned steel drums and is transported via tank trucks or bulk vessels.
In terms of applications, the VAM market is segmented into polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate ethylene, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol, among others. The global market for vinyl acetate monomer is expanding owing to increasing demand for adhesives from three main end-use industries, namely construction, furniture, and packaging. TMR, a market intelligence company, studies the various applications of VAM, thus providing a bird's eye view on the key benefits of VAM:
Browse Vinyl Acetate Monomer Market Report with Full TOC at http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/vinyl-acetate-monomer-market.html
- VAM is a major raw material utilized in the production of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Around 80% of the world's VAM is utilized in making these two chemicals. VAM is also utilized for making ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
- PVAc resins are thermoplastic copolymers that contain vinyl acetate utilized for manufacturing latex products. PVAc resins are produced in both copolymer and homopolymer types. They are sold in powder form, latex base stock, and beads, and are majorly utilized in paper coatings, exterior and interior paints, textile treatments, and adhesives.
- Polyvinyl alcohol resins (PVOH) are powdered polymers and easily dissolve in water. PVOH resins comprise very good adhesive and film forming properties and impart excellent resistance to many solvents, grease, and oil. Key application areas include in the form of a protective colloid in adhesive PVAc products and for making water-soluble fibers and films, among others. PVOH acts a precursor in polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which is utilized for laminated glasses in buildings and automobiles.
- Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate monomer. EVA resins have been utilized in packaging film manufacturing, extrusion coatings, heavy duty baggage, hot-melt adhesives, and cable and wire jacketing, among others.
- Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) is a hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate monomer and ethylene. EVOH resins have been utilized as gas barriers within multi-layered beverage and food packages. They are also utilized as barrier layers in automobile gasoline tanks. The rise in demand for EVOH films from the food manufacturing industry is poised to fuel the market for vinyl acetate monomer in the forthcoming years.
Browse Press Release
Dairen Chemical Corporation, Celanese Corporation, LyondellBasell Industries, Sinopec, Sipchem, The Dow Chemical Company, and Kuraray Co. Ltd. are the prominent manufacturers in the market for vinyl acetate monomer.


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Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom & Showroom in Concord Washington near Sunderland, Gateshead & Newcastle, UK
Make it Bespoke Ltd supply and install contemporary & traditional fitted kitchens, bathrooms and bedroom furniture at competitive prices throughout the northeast.
We are a local family run business and have been providing our customers with the highest level of personal service, design and craftsmanship for over 10 years.
We can guide you through the selection process of Kitchen, Bathroom and Bedroom products and provide peace of mind that the project will be designed and installed by our professional and experience team of craftsmen. We pride ourselves on providing clean and tidy installation service within your home.
Make it Bespoke Ltd offer a free consultation and design service from your home or our showroom, with no obligation to purchase.
For some inspirational ideas please feel free to visit our centrally located showroom in Concord, Washington, servicing the surrounding areas of Sunderland, Gateshead, Durham, Newcastle and Northumberland and see our range of products and accessories that will really enhance your home.
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- Bibliography
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Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy. 11 - 57.(2011).
BOOK REVIEWS - Daoism and Ecology: Ways within a Cosmic Landscape. Environmental ethics.. 26(1), 105.(2004).
From Bamboo Slips to Received Versions: Common Features in the Transformation of the "Laozi". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 63,(2003).
Review Articles - Closing the Gap between Daoist Studies and Religious Theory: Two Recent Publications - Daoism and Ecology: Ways within a Cosmic Landscape. The Journal of religion.. 82(3), 424.(2002).


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July 11, 2007
Navies may pursue pirates within Somali waters
The UN Security Council may request the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia to allow naval ships to pursue pirate vessels into Somali territorial waters.
In some past incidents, coalition warships have watched helplessly when hijacked vessels have reached Somali waters.
A recent increase in the frequency of attacks by pirates has seen a dramatic reduction in the use of cargo vessels to move food assistance to Somalia from ports in Kenya and elsewhere in Africa.
Yesterday, the Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, and the Executive Director of the UN World Food Programme (WFP), Josette Sheeran, called for concerted and co-ordinated international action to address the threat of piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia.
The IMO Council has authorized Mr. Mitropoulos to request UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon to again bring the piracy situation off Somalia before the UN Security Council. If the Security Council requests the Somali Transitional Government to take appropriate action that could include giving consent to ships --as defined in Article 107 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea-- to enter the country's territorial waters when engaging in operations against pirates or suspected pirates and armed robbers endangering the safety of life at sea.
So far this year there have been 15 attacks on vessels in or near Somali waters. Two of these attacks involved WFP-contracted ships, and in one of these two incidents, a security guard was killed.
A new request from the UN Security Council would be in line with its Presidential Statement of March 15, 2006, after the matter had first been brought to its attention following adoption of an IMO resolution.
The 2006 Presidential Statement encouraged UN Member States with naval vessels and military aircraft operating in international waters and airspace adjacent to the coast of Somalia, to be vigilant for any incident of piracy and to take appropriate action to protect merchant shipping (in particular ships being used to transport humanitarian aid) against any such act, in line with relevant international law.
Subsequently, there was a temporary reduction in acts of piracy and armed robbery off Somalia, but recent months have seen a renewed rise in attacks on ships.
IMO has taken a number of steps in response, including intensifying its existing coordination mechanism with WFP and the navies operating in the western Indian Ocean region, to help ensure that the tracking of and the provision of assistance to merchant shipping is maintained and further strengthened.
IMO has also recently issued a Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) circular warning maritime interests of what continues to be a worrying situation off Somalia and inviting Governments and organizations concerned to implement effectively the guidance to Administrations, industry and crew issued previously by IMO.
Additionally, in the context of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, IMO has requested the inclusion, within this year's related General Assembly resolution, of a renewed call for all concerned to continue their co operation in combating acts of piracy and armed robbery and in ensuring the early release of ships and persons held hostage as a consequence of such acts.
"We would like to see a more coordinated and robust approach to dealing with the problem of piracy, from the Transitional Federal Government in Somalia, from neighbouring countries that have influence, and from the African Union," said Sheeran. "WFP is grateful for the continuing presence in the seas off Somalia of naval forces from several nations. They have been helpful on occasion in the past and they offer a potential deterrence to pirates. But we need to explore how these resources can be brought more heavily into play to protect shipping and, thereby, the delivery by sea of life-saving humanitarian assistance."


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Professor Bernstein,
Every now and then I reflect on my early college days, the "old" ECC (1969-71) and The Business Club! My ECC days changed the course of my life. I am retired from 36 years as a Newark teacher and secondary vice principal. My husband, Paul, is also retired. We are traveling and enjoying God's blessings.
I see that you are still hanging in there with ECC, at least according to the website. Frank is not listed, how is he doing?
I'm working on my doctorate (for the second time). Now, that I'm retired, I hope to finish it. I rarely see (or remember) anyone from my ECC class ('71). I hope this note finds you and your family well.
Renee (Ray) Johnson
Hello Dr. Berry,
It's been a long time! I was thinking of you and how you greatly influenced the direction of my life in recommending Smith College as a transfer option. Again, thank you! I want to let you know how things have been progressing since I now teach at a community college and experience both the joys and disappointments that I know must be all too familiar to you.
I graduated from Smith in 2003 with a B.A. in English Language and Literature. Next, I went on to complete in 2006 a MFA in Creative Writing from Naropa University's Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics. While a student at Naropa, I published a short nonfiction novel and several poems. After completing my thesis, I landed a position teaching English at Union County College where I have been ever since. In May of this year, I completed my coursework for Drew University's D. Litt program where I focused on the Greek and Roman classics and Medieval Literature. Now, my thoughts are on my dissertation which examines the Greek/Roman literary influence on contemporary Black fiction with a primary focus on Jackie Kay's Trumpet.
I don't believe any of this would have been possible without your encouragement as both a professor and advisor. I hope I've made you proud!
Fatimah Broxton-Robinson
Assistant Professor of English
Union County College
Hi Prof. Berry:
I am a Phi Theta Kappa member and recently graduated ECC SUM I 2009 earning my AA in Liberal Arts. I applied to Rutgers as a History major and was accepted for Fall 2009. Due to my 4.0 GPA and Phi Theta Kappa membership, I was awarded the Newark Provost Scholarship for $6,000 per year for two years as long as I maintain 12 credits a semester with a 3.0 GPA.
I have the following courses:
Far Eastern History with Odoric Wou (retiring soon)
History of Newark with Thomas McCabe
The Greek & Roman City: Roman Monuments and Spectacle with Kathleen Shea (final class in this subject)
Colonial America with Leslie Doig
I will try my best to earn my scholarship while representing ECC with high academic standards. Thank you.
Stephanie Luczka, 09
My dear professors, just wanted to let you know that I passed my NCLEX and now I am a Registered Nurse.
I am also very proud to inform you that I was hired by Newark Beth Israel to work at the NICU (my dream job). I will start on March 09. They interviewed me the same day of the pinning and sent me their response the day after. As you know, SBHCS just laid off 50 nurses, so I asked the Human Resources VP why they were hiring me? They told me they want to have the "crème de la crème" so I guess that ECC students are now that "crème".
I am very proud of being an ECC graduate, proud that I had you all as my professors. You all impacted my life in such a wonderful way… God Bless you!!!
I will see you soon.
Best regards,
Sandra Cassidy, RN '09
I attended Essex County College Police Academy Alternate Route Program Class 08-1. The program offers everything the traditional approach does, with the exception of having a job during the Academy.
Fortunately, the Academy staff works tirelessly in training individuals and assisting each recruit in finding a job. With the taxes that people are paying in New Jersey, towns are relying more heavily on the Alternate Route Program for police candidates.
I was fortunate to find a job prior to the conclusion of the Academy and attribute it to the vigorous training provided by the Academy staff. I look back and enjoy the experience I had at Essex County College Police Academy.
Joseph Zemaites '08