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The Russian plan of campaign provided for an immediate general offensive, without waiting for the arrival of belated troops from the interior of the country. This was a striking expression of the strategical fallacy then in vogue in the general staffs of Russia and France that the offensive was the only way of conducting war. The result was the decision to attack the armies of the Central Powers at all points, without waiting for the complete concentration of the Russian forces. The task detailed to the armies of the South-West Front was "to defeat the Austro-Hungarian armies, with a view to preventing the retreat of any considerable number of the enemy southwards, over the Dniester, or westwards, towards Krakau (71.81)." Thus we see that the plan made a maximum demand on the South-West Front. The task was not only to rout, but to surround the Austro-Hungarian armies in Galicia.
Military historical experience shows that for an operation of this kind to be successful, either an immense superiority in quality or technique is needed, or a considerable superiority of numbers. The Russian planners had no grounds, before the war, to count on any enormous superiority of quality or technique of the Russian over the Austro-Hungarian army. So there was only one way out - to secure a great superiority of numbers. Meanwhile, according to the Russian General Staff's own calculation, Austria-Hungary by the fifteenth day of mobilization would concentrate in Galicia from 43 to 47 divisions of infantry. It is evident that the task allotted to the South-West Front did not correspond with the relative forces of the opposing sides.
The disproportion of forces to tasks was a characteristic feature of the Russian and French plans of campaign. This defect was already apparent in the strategical deployment of the South-West Front, which presented a "cordon" 450 km. long. The chief striking wing was the right, as the main lines of communication of the Austro-Hungarian armies concentrated in Galicia went westwards, to Krakau; besides, the operative union of the Austro-Hungarians with the Germans was most easily achieved along the routes going westwards. Meanwhile, the above table shows that the right flank of the Russian Army, the 4th, was precisely the weakest.
In 1909-12 Russian secret intelligence had succeeded in obtaining documentary data concerning the points of concentration proposed by the Austro-Hungarian plan of campaign . These documents indicated that all the forces detailed against Russia were to be deployed east of the San (51.74 - 41.87). The possession of this information tempted the Russian Minister of War, Sukhomlinov, and his colleagues, to draw up his plan so as to aim all the Armies of the South-West Front on a concentric offensive against Lvov (Lemberg). This plan was a bad one, for Sukhomlinov had no grounds whatever to suppose that the initiative would remain in the hands of the Russians; the Austro-Hungarians would be ready first, and would thus have the "choice of the field of battle". Besides, the Austro-Hungarian General Staff might change the points of concentration; and then the Russian plan would fall flat.
So, indeed, it turned out. In the summer of 1914 the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff, General Conrad von Hötzendorf, foreseeing a war with Serbia, made considerable changes in the plan of deployment of his armies. Intending to begin his operations by a decisive offensive in a northern direction between the San and the Bug (60.49 - 25.82), he concentrated the main mass of the Austro-Hungarian forces along the San - that is to say, much further west than the Russians expected. These were the 1st and 4th Armies. To cover them from the Russians advancing from Dubno (11.79), the 3rd Army was located about Lvov and Sambor (38.91). The Army Group Kövesz (parts of the 2nd Army) was deployed still further east, with the task of covering the deeper rear from the Russians advancing from Proskurov (offmap via 01.91) and further south. Finally, to secure the left wing of the main forces at Krakau, was to be assembled the Army Group of General Kummer. His task was to form an operative link with the German corps of General Woyrsch, who was advancing from Posen (98.47) in the direction of the Vistula.
The composition of the Austro-Hungarian armies in the first period of the battle of Galicia is shown in the following table:
This table shows that the Austro-Hungarian forces were somewhat inferior to what had been expected by the Russian General Staff. The reason for this was the war with Serbia, which also caused a delay of several days in the concentration in Galicia. Thus the conditions turned out to be more favorable for the Russian Command than had been presumed in the Russian plan of campaign. But the advantage was not sufficient to ensure the fulfillment of the enormous task assigned by this plan to the South-West Front.
A comparison of the new grouping of the Austro-Hungarian armies with the Russian forces facing them comes out as very disadvantageous to the Russians. In the first place it becomes strikingly apparent that the concentric maneuver against Lvov, fixed by Sukhomlinov's plan, would be a blow in the void for three Armies (5th, 3rd and 8th) while the weakest of the four, the 4th Army, on the right, was exposed to the full shock of the main mass of the Austro-Hungarian forces. This main mass consisted at the outset of the 1st and 4th Armies; but in the course of their advance on a front of 150 km. between the Vistula and the Bug they could be strengthened by the addition, on the right, of a part of the 3rd Army (viz., the group of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, concentrated at Sambor), and on the left by that of the group of General Kummer, to say nothing of the German Corps of Woyrsch (two divisions) which might also be drawn closer. Thus the Austro-Hungarians were prepared to concentrate for operations on the chief sector of their front, 26 Austrian and two German divisions, making an average of one division to each 6 km. of front.
The Russian strategic deployment extended over 450 km. The 4th and 5th Armies formed as it were a Northern Group with a front of 175 km.; the 3rd and 8th, which were to advance from the East, deployed on a front of 200 km. Between the flanks of the 3rd and 5th Armies, in their initial positions, there was left a gap of 75 km. which was gradually to diminish in the course of the concentric advance on Lvov. But, as has been pointed out, the fact of the Austro-Hungarian armies being ready at an earlier date secured them the initiative of operations, and consequently the choice of ground for the decisive battle. General v. Hötzendorf proposed to fight it north of the Tanew Woods (50.74 - 43.76); there, on the roads to Lublin (43.66) and Chelm (34.69), the main forces of the Austro-Hungarians were to meet the 16˝ infantry divisions of the 4th and 5th Armies, scattered over a front of 175 km. The chances of success of the Austro-Hungarian armies were greatly increased by the fact that the Russian plan of campaign exposed the right flank of the 4th Army to the attack of the enemy.
It was a hard legacy that the Grand Duke Nicholas and General Ivanov received from Sukhomlinov.
In order to lessen the gap between the 8th and 3rd Armies on the one side, and the 4th and 5th on the other, General Ivanov ordered the first two to begin their advance a little before the other two, viz. 8th Army, 19 August; 3rd, 20 August; 4th and 5th, on the 23 August. This delay saved the 4th and 5th Armies from disaster, but did not prevent the initial discomfiture of the 4th Army.
Only by 22 August did the Russian Staffs become aware of the fact that the Austro-Hungarian concentration had taken place much further West than had been supposed by the plan of campaign. On 23 August, General Alexeyev sent instructions changing the direction of the march-route of the 4th and 5th Armies. They were instructed to swing round their lefts, and advance towards the San by a frontal movement, having the right flank along the Vistula.
No doubt these orders warded off the enemy's blow in the flank, resulting, as they did, in a frontal clash with the main Austro-Hungarian forces. But the change was too late.
On 23 August the 1st and 4th Austro-Hungarian Armies debouched from the Tanew Woods. In consequence of the flanking position of the 1st and 4th Austro-Hungarian armies in respect of the Russian 4th and 5th, the action to the north of the Tanew Woods did not begin at the same time along the whole line, but was engaged at first on the right of the Russian 4th Army, spreading afterwards to its whole front. The struggle on the front of the 4th Army lasted without interruption until 9 September. These engagements on the front of the 4th army have been named the Battle of Lublin.
The result of the first days of the battle were predetermined by the great superiority of numbers of the 1st Austro-Hungarian Army over the 4th Russian Army (10 divisions against 6˝), and especially by the formers advantageous flanking position. The right flank army corps of the Russian 4th Army (XIV) was at once thrown into confusion and began to retreat on Lublin, losing touch with the Vistula. The gap was filled by the cavalry of Prince Tumanov, which up to the arrival of the XVIII Army Corps (30 August) frustrated all attempts of the Austro-Hungarians to break through between Lublin and Ivangorod (50.62) for a deep turning movement of the Russian right. Having routed the right wing of the Russian 4th Army, General Dankl launched a vigorous offensive, against its centre and left flank, which were forced on to the defensive. The reverse on the right wing and its initial scattered disposition compelled the 4th Army, in retiring, to compress towards Lublin. This, increased the distance between it and the 5th Army, and made it easier for the Austro-Hungarians to break through between the Russian armies in the direction of Trawniki (39.68) and Krasnostaw (37.70).
From the outset the G.O.C. 4th Army began to request the Staff of the Front to strengthen his right, and that he should receive support from the 5th Army. But the position, of the latter was made difficult by there being already a big gap between its left wing and the right wing of the 3rd Army, which every movement westwards would increase.
On the evening of 23 August the 5th Army was located in two groups: a left group of three army corps (XIX, V, XVII) on the Bug between Hrubieszów [30.74] and Vladimir-Volynsk [25.72], and a right group of one corps (XXV) in the direction of Krasnostaw. The latter's task was to assure the operative union with the left wing of the 4th Army. Immediately on receiving the request for help of his left-hand neighbor, General Plehve gave orders to the XXV Corps actively to co-operate with the left of the 4th Army, and at the same time to detail off one brigade of infantry to Lublin, to be at the disposal of G.O.C., 4th Army.
The Headquarters of the South-West Front (as we have seen) had been too late in their first attempt to counteract the errors of the plan of campaign, but at this juncture it acted with great rapidity. As early as 24 August, i.e., on the first news of the defeat of the XIV Army Corps, it gave the order to the 5th Army "to deal a blow against the flank and rear of the enemy's forces that are attacking the 4th Army, and that have appeared in the direction of Tomaszów [35.78] - Zamosc [36.75]." With this object it was ordered, "while keeping back the right wing of the army north of Zamosc, and, while giving assistance to the army of General Saltz (4th) with a part of its forces, to place the remaining corps in echelon from the right on the line Tyszczewce (32.76) - Laszczow (32.77) - Sokal (26.78), in order then to attack the enemy in his right flank and rear." In this decision it is impossible not to recognize the fine idea of helping the 4th Army by a maneuver of the whole neighboring 5th Army. As this flanking movement of the 5th Army would result in its displacement further west, it became imperative to bring the 3rd Army nearer. So, on 24 August, the 3rd Army was ordered to extend its right wing to Mosty-Wielkie (28.81). On the 25th the order was confirmed, and the explanation was given that this displacement of the 3rd Army northwards was intended to make it form a common front with the 4th and 5th Armies, in view of subsequent operations towards the San.
At the same time the 4th Army was ordered to defend desperately the positions now occupied by it; as to the strengthening of its right wing, General Headquarters were directing hither the XVIII and III Caucasian Army Corps, which were arriving by rail.
Thus can be seen that Generals Ivanov and Alexeyev understood at once that the initiative had been seized by the enemy, the decision of the whole operation lay in the outcome of the battle that was being engaged north of the Tanew Woods on the roads to Lublin and Cholm. The Russian plan of battle, then, was conceived as follows: the 4th Army was to hold the enemy back south of Lublin; the 5th Army was to turn the right wing of the Austro-Hungarian main forces, advancing on Lublin and Cholm; the 3rd Army was to turn the same wing by a deeper enveloping movement; the 8th Army was to move in echelons behind the left wing of the 3rd, thus covering it. The plan answered perfectly to the circumstances.
On the same days, 23-24 August, General Conrad v. Hötzendorf took measures to concentrate his forces on the "field of battle" north of the Tanew Woods. To this end he drew the troops of Group Kummer nearer to the left, and those of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand (4 Divisions) to the right. The latter, forming an echelon behind the right of the 4th Army (Auffenberg) in the direction of Zólkiew (29.83), was to cover it from an enveloping of the Russians from Vladimir-Volynski. General Brudermann, with the remainder of the 3rd Army, received the order to advance to meet the Russians advancing from Dubno, so as more widely to cover the right flank of the Archduke Joseph Ferdinand. The Army Group Kövesz was ordered to continue covering the right from the Russians advancing from Proskurov.
If the plans and groupings contemplated by both sides are compared, one can see that both, by means of echelons, were endeavoring to turn the eastern flanks of the forces fighting on the "field of battle" north of the Tanew Woods. It must be conceded that both High Commands displayed a profound understanding of the situation in directing their extreme echelons through the region of Rawa-Ruska (33.81) (the group of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand was to move via Zólkiew; the right wing of the Russian 3rd Army via Mosty-Wielkie).
The Russian 4th Army, after falling back and compressing towards Lublin, carried on an obstinate fight with the advancing army of Dankl. On 26 August the 5th Army joined the struggle. The engagement on its front fell into two sections: (a) towards Krasnostaw, and (b) towards Tomaszów.
In the Krasnostaw area, the XXV Army Corps found itself obliged to fight on a front of over 30 km., being forced on the one hand to support the left of the 4th Army, which was constantly falling back, and on the other to maintain fighting contact with the other corps of the 5th Army that were advancing in the direction of Tomaszów. The XXV Army Corps had to face the right wing divisions of the X, and the left wing divisions of the II Austro-Hungarian Army Corps. It succeeded in pushing its front as far as Zamosc (36.75). But the pressure of superior numbers of the enemy and the retreat of the left wing of the 4th Army obliged the XXV Army Corps to withdraw on Krasnostaw.
The army corps advancing toward Tomaszów engaged in battle in succession (beginning with the XIX Army Corps on the right wing) as they emerged successively from behind the left wing of their neighbors. This resulted in seven Russian divisions engaging with eight divisions of the Army of General Auffenberg. One of the latter (15th Honvéd) was utterly routed and taken prisoner near Laszczow by the gallant troops of the Russian V Army Corps, which came up in its rear. But at the same time the XVII Corps on the left wing of the 5th army was defeated. It was attacked in the flank and rear by superior forces of the enemy. These were the four divisions of Army Group Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, who had emerged from his position in echelon behind the right wing of Auffenberg's army. In spite of this, General Plehve ordered the corps on his left wing to hold their positions and called on them to put up an obstinate resistance. Units of the XIX, V and XVII Army Corps occupied positions in a semicircle round Komarow (34.76) and Laszczow, and in spite of the enemy's almost twofold superiority of numbers (12 divisions against 7) repulsed his frontal attacks, as well as his attempt to turn both their flanks.
On 30 August the XXV Army Corps was forced to retreat from Krasnostaw. General Plehve gave the order to recapture that town; with his other corps he decided to continue the unequal struggle. "We shall fight to the last extremity" he reported to General Ivanov "but it is desirable that the 3rd Army should draw closer as soon as possible."
But the 3rd Army did not draw closer, and on 31 August General Plehve, in accordance with the directions of Headquarters of the South-West Front, gave the order to his army to retreat to the line Krasnostaw - Vladimir-Volynski.
Thus after six days, ended the heroic fight of the left wing corps of the Russian 5th Army. The Austro-Hungarian Command named these actions "the victory of Komarow," and attributed General Plehve's retreat to the complete defeat of his army. However, the Austro-Hungarian's optimistic interpretation of their success did not correspond to the facts; and, as one shall see later on, General Auffenberg was destined before long to learn by experience whether General Plehve's army was really routed.
What, then, was happening all this time to the Russian 3rd Army? How was it that the group of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand had managed to advance northwards unhindered, and why did not G.O.C. 3rd Army, General Ruzsky, give any support to his neighbor, General Plehve, during the latter's titanic struggle?
The 3rd and 8th Armies had begun their movement in the directions prescribed by the plan of campaign: the former on Lvov, the latter further south. At all points they forced the covering troops of the enemy to recede. On 26, 27, and 28 August, there was hard fighting round Zloczów (20.87) and on the Zlota Lipa, due to the forward movement of the 3rd Austro-Hungarian Army of General Brudermann, supported by General Kövesz. As we, have said, General v. Hötzendorf had ordered General Brudermann to gain room towards the east, so as to cover the maneuver of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand against the Russian 5th Army. In the actions round Zloczów and on the Zlota Lipa, the Russians had a large superiority of numbers (22 Russian infantry divisions against 13 Austro-Hungarian). These engagements ended in victory for the Russians. But the strategic result was not proportioned to the measure of the tactical success. General Ruzsky, in spite of General Ivanov's orders to transfer the centre of gravity of his operations further north, obstinately continued to press straight on to Lvov. This may be seen, if one examines the grouping of his forces in the battle of Zloczów. He conducted this action as though it were a perfectly independent operation, without any connection with the battle that at the same time was turning to the Russian's disadvantage north of the Tanew Woods. He limited himself to a slight outflanking of Brudermann's left, while the Higher Command demanded of him a much more considerable forward movement to the north, into the gap between the 3rd and 4th Austro-Hungarian Armies. The G.O.C. 3rd Army so far misunderstood the situation that, instead of having his cavalry in front of his right wing, he kept it all on his left. Meanwhile, on 26 August, General Ivanov confirmed to General Ruzsky his orders of the 24th and 25th, to the effect that he should transfer the 3rd Army to the front Mosty-Wielkie - Kurowice (??), explaining this time that the transfer was called for by the necessity of forming a continuous front of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Armies for subsequent action in the direction of the San. How well this demand answered to the end in view, can be gathered from the fact that Austro-Hungarian sources speak of the anxiety with which the Austrians kept looking towards Mosty-Wielkie, to cover which they had sent all their available cavalry. If the Russians had there emerged on the flank of the group of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, it must have had serious results.
On 28 August General Ivanov repeated his order: "At once to transfer the Army to the right; this is dictated by the situation of the 4th and 5th Armies." But General Ruzsky continued to take no notice of the Commander-in-Chief's orders; he kept his right within one day's march of the road to Lvov. His attention was wholly absorbed by the capital of Galicia, and by the 3rd Austro-Hungarian Army, which had now assumed the offensive. Thus General Brudermann, though tactically defeated, was strategically successful, as he kept Ruzsky from turning northward.
How far the staff of the 3rd Army misunderstood the general situation becomes evident from the following fact: On 28 August, after the battle of Zloczów, it decided to hold up its advance for 2-3 days, in order to reconnoiter the position before Lvov and to await drafts and supplies. Knowing as we now do the whole development of the battle of Galicia, it may be safely said that it would have been lost by the Russians if this delay had actually taken place.
How then is to be explained the obstinate disobedience of the 3rd Army G.O.C.? In one of the issues of the Voenny Sbornik (Military Collection), published in Belgrade (No. 2, 1922), the Chief of Staff of the 3rd Army, General V. M. Dragomirov, gives his explanations. From them it appears that the staff of the 3rd Army was not in agreement with the instructions of General Ivanov. So they considered themselves entitled not to obey them, and to act according to their own considerations. "But the realization of these considerations," writes General Dragomirov, "met with resistance on the part of the Higher Command, which under the impression of the critical situation of the neighboring armies, demanded our immediate support of the army next to us. The G.O.C. 3rd Army had to compromise, and even directly to disobey instructions from above, but still he [Ruzsky] did not give up the object which he had set himself."
In the same article General Dragomirov formulates his objectives in the following way: "to endeavor to destroy the screen left by the Austro-Hungarians in front of our 3rd and 8th Armies." The chief consideration, however, was that the Battle for Galicia was being fought on a front of several armies, so that even such apparently attractive tasks as the complete destruction of opposing forces by one of the armies led to a general victory only if this success was obtained on the principal line of operations. Otherwise, even a considerable local success on a secondary line would be ineffective. That General Alexeyev (who inspired General Ivanov in his orders to the 3rd Army) was governed by these considerations, is shown by his telegram to the Staff of the 3rd Army of 2 September. The telegram says: "At the present moment the outcome of the first period of the campaign does not depend on your operations against Lvov and the Dniester, but on the issue of the battle on the front Lublin - Kholm - Hrubieszów. Even the taking of Lvov would not compensate us for the loss of the battle in the north."
Events proved to what an extent General Alexeyev's point of view was correct, and that of the staff of the 3rd Army wrong. But while the Battle of Galicia was in progress, General Ivanov had to deal with a subordinate command which thought it understood things better, and declined to obey. The conflict with the 3rd Army went so far that on 29 August, General Ivanov, in repeating his demand that the centre of operations of that army should be transferred to the north of Lvov, found himself obliged to remind General Ruzsky of discipline. "It is my business," he telegraphed, "to fix the tasks of the individual armies."
On 30 August the Chief of Staff of General Headquarters informed Generals Ivanov and Alexeyev that the Guard Corps was being directed to the South-West Front, and at the same time stated that the Grand Duke had not hesitated to sacrifice all his original intentions in order to secure a complete success over the Austrians. This decision of the Grand Duke was the most important in the strategic direction on the Russian theatre. It meant the abandonment of the scattering of forces on three lines of operations, as imposed by the plan of campaign. Now the South-West Front became really the chief front.
In consequence of the considerable reinforcement of the 4th Army, the troops that formed the right wing of the South-West Front were, on 4 September, divided into two armies, 4th and 9th. The latter, under the command of General Lechitsky, was formed of the XIV Corps, on the right wing of the 4th Army, and of the XVIII Corps, which had arrived on 30 August; together with the Guards Rifle Brigade.
The Russian troops that took part in the second period of battle of Galicia (after 30 August) is shown in the following table:
The table shows that the Russian troops north of the Tanew Woods had increased from 16˝ to 27 divisions. The total number of infantry divisions concentrated here by the enemy was, we have seen, 28. Thus on this most important sector of the battlefront, with the arrival of reinforcements, equality of numbers was reached.
The Commander-in-Chief did not limit himself to this. Having decided to force a victory on the South-west Front, he called on the armies of that front for the greatest effort obtainable.
On the same day that it became known to General Headquarters that after his success at Zloczów General Ruzsky intended to suspend his operations, the Grand Duke issued the following "categorical" order: "General Ruzsky's delay, whatever its causes is recognized as entirely inadmissible, as it gives the enemy a breathing space, and will allow him to transfer forces from Lvov to the north. General Ruzsky must hold the enemy before him by the throat, pressing him incessantly, and developing turning movements with his right wing to the north of Lvov."
This intervention of the Grand Duke proved all the more necessary, as General Ivanov, apparently worn out by the obstinate resistance of the G.O.C. 3rd Army, had given way, and, though it is true with reservations, had agreed to the halt of this army. Thus the faltering will of the Front's G.O.C. was at the critical moment propped up by the will of the Commander-in-Chief.
On 31 August the Staff of the South-west Front received the following order of the Grand Duke: "In view of a great check in the 2nd Army, and of the necessity of finishing with the Austrians before the arrival from the west of German reinforcements, the Commander-in-Chief has ordered the Armies of the South-west Front to pass to the most decisive action against the Austrians on the whole of your front, expressing his firm will that the forces of General Ewarth and Lechitsky should advance wherever possible in the most determined way, so as to crush the enemy. In those sectors where the situation renders an offensive impossible, the troops must hold their positions to the last man."
This order of the Grand Duke was simultaneous with the beginning of the retreat of the 5th Army to the line Krasnostaw - Vladimir-Volynski. The idea expressed in it was the best means of supporting the centre, which was beginning to give way, by means of an increased pressure on the wings (right wing, 4th Army, later, 9th and 4th; left wing, 3rd and 8th Armies). But just at this moment the situation of the left wing of the 4th Army became critical. On 1 September considerable forces of the Austrian X Corps broke through in the direction of Trawniki. Added to the retreat, on the day before, of the XXV Corps on the right wing of the 5th Army from Krasnostaw, this reverse produced a serious gap between the 4th and 5th Armies; this compelled the G.O.C. 4th Army, General Ewarth, to send all reinforcements, as they arrived to fill this gap. On the following day this was achieved: an amalgamated group formed of various units of the Guards and the III Caucasian Army Corps, immediately on its detrainment, won a brilliant success at Suchodol (40.69). But the immediate effect of the break-through of the Austrians was the detrainment of the Guards and of the III Caucasian Army Corps on the left instead of to the right of the 4th Army. Thus, on the right of the South-west Front arose a strategical grouping which made it inevitable that the striking wing would be the inner (i.e., the left wing of the 4th Army) and not the outer wing.
On the Russian left wing (3rd and 8th Army) the impulse given by the Grand Duke took form earlier. The double superiority of numbers enabled the Russians to continue, without loss of time, a decisive offensive. On 29 and 30 August the Russian troops again won a brilliant success on the Gnila Lipa (27.90 - 26.93). But General Ruzsky, in whose hands was the operative control of both the left wing armies, still did not carry out the ideas of Generals Ivanov and Alexeyev. His attention remained riveted on the enemy immediately in front of him, and the capital of Galicia, Lvov, which lay behind the enemy forces.
As to the movements of the centre (i.e., the 5th Army), the Grand Duke's orders had the following sequel: General Alexeyev, informing General Plehve of the offensive of all the other Armies of the Front, instructed him, in case of a relaxation of the enemy's pressure, at once to take the offensive.
On 3 September, after the report of the taking of Lvov had arrived, the separate instructions issued by the Staff of the Front in execution of the Grand Duke's order of 31 August were summarized in a general order. The order contained the fundamental idea which was expressed in General Ivanov's instruction of 24 August, namely, the outflanking and envelopment of the eastern flank of the Austro-Hungarian forces operating near Lublin. The attack on this flank of the enemy was to be carried out by the troops (Guards and III Caucasian Army Corps) concentrated on the left wing of the 4th Army. The nearer outflanking of this side of the enemy was assigned to the 5th Army, which was to assume the offensive in the general direction of Szczebrzeszyn (39.74). Finally, the envelopment of that flank of the enemy was to be carried out by the 3rd Army, which was to be directed on the front Bilgoraj (42.77) - Jaroslau (43.84). The 8th Army was to cover the left flank of the 3rd Army.
The advance of the 3rd Army on the front Bilgoraj - Jaroslau would bring it towards Rawa-Ruska, the very point at which, ever since 24 August, Gerneral Alexeyev had fruitlessly tried to bring out the right wing of the army. The direction of the 3rd Army on Rawa-Ruska had another important operative effect: the gap between the 3rd and 5th Armies was diminished, and this made possible that co-operation of the two which General Alexeyev had all the time been trying to achieve.
While the battle plan for Galicia was crystallizing at the Russian General Headquarters, and at the Headquarters of the South-west Front, the Austro-Hungarian General Headquarters was also making decisions of prime importance. General Conrad v. Hötzendorf began to realize the enormous superiority of the Russian forces advancing from Dubno and Proskurov. But the battles round Komarow, ending in the retreat of Plehve northward, were taken by the Austro-Hungarians to be a great victory. General v. Hötzendorf decided to withdraw the 3rd Army of Boroevic (who had replaced Brudermann) and the Group Kövesz to two or three marches behind the River Wereszyca (32.87 - 32.91) and to the Gródek (33.87) positions, abandoning Lvov without a fight. Reinforcements arriving from Serbia were directed to the right wing of this new front, thus transforming Group Kövesz into the 2nd Army of General Boehm-Ermolli. The 4th Army (of Auffenberg) was to leave the pursuit of the defeated army of Plehve to Archduke Joseph Ferdinand and swing round at right angles on Rawa-Ruska in order to attack the flank of the Russian forces advancing from Lvov. Simultaneously with the advance of Auffenberg, the 3rd and 2nd Armies were to take the offensive with vigor, the latter receiving the task of turning the left of the advancing Russians.
In accordance with the new decisions of General v. Hötzendorf and taking into account the arrival of reinforcements, the Austro-Hungarian forces were distributed as follows:
Comparing the new distribution of the Austro-Hungarians and Russian forces, we find north of the Tanew Woods 19 Austro-Hungarian divisions opposed to 27 Russian; on the front Rawa-Ruska - Gródek - Wereszyca 27˝ Austro-Hungarian divisions opposed to 22 Russian.
On 4 September, the very day of its "new" formation, the Russian 9th Army began a vigorous offensive. Compressed, as it was on its right by the Vistula, it had no choice but to make a frontal advance. In spite of successful attacks, on this and the following days, the advance was slow, and the form which the action took was pushing out the enemy from obstinately defended positions.
The right wing of the 4th Army was in the same position. Its left wing vigorously drove home its success of 2 September at Suchodol, and forced Dankl's Army to refuse its right wing. On the front Kosarzew - Wysokie (42.72), a particularly hot action took place on 6, 7 and 8 September. Fearing the further development of the Russian turning movement, General Dankl reinforced the Austro-Hungarian units with the German Corps Woyrsch. Only on 9 September did the combined efforts of the Guards, Grenadiers and III Caucasian Corps succeed in breaking the resistance of Dankl's right, and in starting the enveloping movement. To this victory contributed the appearance of the two right wing Army Corps of the 5th Army (XXV and XIX) near Turobin (41.72) and Szczebrzeszyn, which constituted a menace to Dankl's rear.
The reverse on his right wing forced General Dankl to begin to retreat his entire front. The battle of Lublin, which had lasted 18 days, after beginning unluckily for the Russians, ended happily for them, and this decided the Russians success over the whole battlefield of Galicia.
The 5th Army, which assumed the offensive on 4 September, again occupied Krasnostaw with its right wing (XXV Army Corps), and then, constantly threatening to turn Dankl's right, seconded the advance of the left wing of the Russian 4th Army. The other Corps of Plehve's Army routed the group of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, which was still in front of them; after which, the V and XVII Corps vigorously developed their success in the direction of Tomaszów, reaching that town on 9 September, while the XIX Corps moved on Szczebrzeszyn, to cooperate with the XXV Corps against Dankl's rear.
As soon as the victorious issue of the battle of Lublin became clear, General Ivanov ordered the 9th and 4th Armies to pursue the enemy with energy. The G.O.C. 5th Army, was instructed "not to allow his two right wing Army Corps to go too far forward north-west, as their destination should be a strong offensive on the front Janów (45.74) - Bilgoraj, leaving it to the troops of General Ewarth to drive the enemy off from the routes leading to the San, and to press him on to the Vistula, where he is to be met by General Lechitsky's Cavalry. Eventually these two Army Corps will have to operate in a southerly direction." Thus was planned the appearance of the whole of Plehve's Army in the rear of the Austro-Hungarian Armies concentrated about Rawa-Ruska and on the Gródek positions. This threatened General v. Hötzendorf with utter disaster on his eastern front.
While the last of the battle of Lublin was being played out, hard fighting had begun between the armies of Ruzsky and Auffenberg. Now at last the Russian 3rd Army had observed the orders of General Ivanov, and turned in the direction of Rawa-Ruska. Thus the Austro-Hungarian maneuver to attack the flank of the Russians by Rawa-Ruska was turned into a frontal attack.
In the battle of Rawa-Ruska there was a frontal clash of 9 Russian divisions against 9 Austro-Hungarian. But besides these, General Ruzsky had three divisions of the XXI Corps, moving in echelon in front of the right wing of the 3rd Army. The XXI Corps came out on the rear of Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, and helped Plehve to rout that group. After this, it turned Auffenberg's left, while beyond its right the XXV and V Corps of Plehve's Army came forward in echelon.
At the same time an engagement took place along the whole front of the Russian 8th Army, which was attacked by the 3rd and 2nd Austro-Hungarian Armies. General Brusilov's 10 divisions had to support the pressure of the enemy's 18. Brusilov's situation became difficult. On 9 September, after hard fighting with far superior numbers of the enemy, the left corps of the 8th Army was forced to fall back. This caused a general retirement of the rest of this Army. However, the Russian troops fought obstinately, defending every height or wood. But the victory won by the Russian 9th, 4th and 5th Armies over Dankl began to take effect. The fundamental law of strategy which lays down that ultimate success falls to the side which has been successful at the decisive place, once again came true. For a moment the Austro-Hungarian Headquarters entertained a hope of making good by a success over Brusilov, but this hope vanished as soon as it became clear that Dankl's whole front was in full retreat and that Plehve's Army had appeared in Auffenberg's Rear.
On 11 September, General v. Hötzendorf gave the order for a general retreat to the Wisloka (55.77 - 55.88). The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Armies were to begin the movement the same night.
The Battle of Galicia had been won by the Russians. The tactical measure of its success is witnessed by more than 100,000 prisoners and numerous trophies. The strategic result was also great. It is true that the plan for a "Cannć" had not succeeded. The Austro-Hungarian armies were not annihilated. Though badly shaken, they were brought back by General v. Hötzendorf towards Krakau, had time to recover, and continued the struggle. The Russian Command cannot be made responsible for this failure. The plan was beyond the reach of the forces employed to achieve it. But the chief thing had been done: a victory had been won on the line that was decisive for the Russian theater at the beginning of the campaign of 1914. The results of this decisive success were not slow to show themselves. The reverses of Samsonov and Rennenkampf were, strategically speaking, balanced.
Here is how the situation created by the victory of Galicia is estimated by the ally of the Austro-Hungarians, General Ludendorff: "The Austro-Hungarian Army had been completely beaten (vollständig geschlagen) and was retreating beyond the San, sustaining exceptionally heavy losses, and pursued by the Russians. It was necessary to help the Austro-Hungarian Army if we did not want to see it destroyed … It was necessary to give it immediate support, and no help could be too great. We were no longer in a position to send troops to the Western (French) Front."
From the point of view of military theory the Battle of Galicia is of great interest. From beginning to end it is dominated by maneuvering. Numerically, both sides are almost equal. Organization and technical equipment are alike. On both sides the troops fight gallantly. Thus, the skill of the respective commands becomes the deciding element in the scales of victory.
- Original article by N. Golovin; Edited by Michael Resch -
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Graftiaux, a top level athlete in several disciplines, had won both an Ice Climbing World Cup and the Bouldering World Cup in 2010 and, at only twenty three years of age, she was one of the rising stars of world climbing. The young climber lived in Grenoble, France and had planned to become an International Mountain Guide.
The following is a translated letter from her family, first published in French on Kairn.com:
"Sadly, we have just learned of the death of Chloé Graftiaux.
We have very few details of what happened, but it appears that she fell whilst climbing on 'Aiguille de Peuterey, near Chamonix on Saturday the 21st August.
Whilst climbing an arete unroped, she pulled on a loose block that detached from the cliff. We are trying to discover more about this terrible accident.
Our thoughts go out to her family, her close friends and all the friends and climbers who climbed alongside her smile in competitions."
UKC's Alpine correspondent Jon Griffith described l'Aiguille Noire de Peuterey thus:
"The Aiguille Noire is without a doubt one of the most daunting looking peaks out in the Chamonix massif. An impressive shark's fin of black granite that forms the start of Europe's longest route - the Peuterey Integral. Whilst the climbing is never too hard it's long and the only way off it is down a very loose and chossy east ridge or rapping into the Peuterey Integral - a series of notoriously scary abseils off sometimes very loose pitons and rock. The Noire also has the uncanny ability of being able to suck in electrical storms in a matter of minutes and with nowhere to take shelter this is still a peak that eludes or repulses many an experienced alpinist."
- You can leave a message of condolence on Chloe's Website.

subset: commoncrawl


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Friday, January 07, 2011
Thursday, August 19, 2010
Caught this guy dancing with what appears to be a croquet mallet in Folsom Playground while riding my bike home from work.
Monday, July 12, 2010
Saturday, June 12, 2010
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Found this stencil of what I think is Cuautemoc while crossing San Jose Ave on the pedestrian bridge to Roanoke. Glen Park represent!


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The Women is no man's landPosted: Updated:
I've always wanted to make movie trailers. But boy, I don't envy the person who had to put the trailer together for " ".
Originally produced in 1939, "The Women" was a witty drama with a unique twist: it featured an all star cast with not an X chromosome in sight! I liked it a lot but I'm not so sure the story is one that can be easily 'updated' for today's audience. Back then, a woman's sole key to status and security was tied to her marriage. These things were often even more important than true love. But sadly the world will always have trusting wives, philandering husbands, hussies on the make and wagging tongues, so in that respect the basic premise behind The Women remains timeless.
Mary Haines (Meg Ryan) is the wronged woman this time around. When one of her closest friends Sylvia Fowler (Annette Bening) visits a new manicurist (Debi Mazar), she gets an earful. Apparently the store's new perfume salesgirl (Eva Mendez) is quite the barracuda. She has snagged a wealthy businessman. Sees him every night. And guess what? The man is married! Then she drops the man's name. Turns out it is none other than Steven Haines! Mary's husband! Sweet unsuspecting Mary!
Soon all Mary's friends know but her. When they decide to tell her they find out that she has found out all on her own. How? By seeing the same manicurist with the motor mouth!
The rest of the movie involves confrontations with the mistress, separation, anxiety and ultimately revenge. Sounds exciting doesn't it? It ain't.
The best thing this movie has going for it is its cast. It is HUGE! From true star status: Candice Bergman, Cloris Leachman, Annette Bening, Bette Midler to popular actresses: Meg Ryan, Debra Messing, Jada Pinkett Smith, Eva Mendez, Carrie Fisher to familiar faces from TV sitcoms, the screen looks like a celluloid version of Who's Who.
But bigger doesn't necessarily mean better in this case.
Not that the actresses are bad. They do a fine job. But after waiting nearly 70 years to remake a classic, I think some miscasting was part of the problem with this movie.
Like I said the original was a witty melodrama. Roseland Russell as Sylvia Fowler brought most of the comedy to that movie. But it really wasn't a comedy. It would be hard to sell that concept today so Director/Screenwriter Diane English (Murphy Brown)tried to ' punch up' the laughs in her version. But the laughs just aren't there people. The movie starts incredibly slow. Though it does get funnier and better towards the end, that's not enough for today's audiences. and certainly not for fans of the original.
I think one of my main problems with the film is that it came off too much like a "Sex and the City" wannabe more than a remake of "The Women". Correction: a very poor "Sex and the City" wannabe.
Now the thing I liked best about this movie was that there truly isn't a man in sight! From the busy city streets, to fancy restaurants to high dollar department stores, zip, zilch, nada! This is a true no man's land! Another thing I like about it is the diversity of the cast. Not just in color but in age! How refreshing this year has been with movies for women, by women---mature women!
Don't bother dragging your man to this movie! It's no "Sex and the City" and there will be nothing, I repeat NOTHING in this for him. In fact there barely is enough for you, dear girlfriends!
See this at a bargain matinee price. Or better yet, spend your $5 renting the original!
"The Women" eeks by with 3 Red Vines for celebrating the Y chromosome
LADIES ROOM LOWDOWN: I went to a critic's screening of this movie and from what I overheard, I and another female critic were the only ones who had anything positive to say about this movie! Yeah. I was one of the positive ones!


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Save time, resources, make more informed decisions, and enable a more efficient water marketplace
Digital H2O leverages advanced automated data aggregation techniques, sophisticated analysis, and machine learning to uncover new economic opportunities to reduce the lifecycle cost of managing water. By digitizing data previously only available on paper, Digital H2O provides unique visibility and unparalleled analytic capabilities into historic and current information. Clients are better equipped to make informed, strategic decisions.
The output is presented as an up-to-date digital, interactive mapping solution, with exceptional data visualization. This allows clients to:
- Access aggregated data to streamline the efforts of in-house analyst teams and outside consultants
- Analyze trends and benchmarks to understand the current state of the market
- Dig into granular, asset-level datasets that can't be accessed elsewhere
- Export data and integrate it with internal datasets, workbooks, and workflows
- Streamline and automate processes


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Ranked number one in 'Business Understanding' 2018 UK IT Outsourcing Study by Whitelane Research and PA Consulting Group read more contact us
Recognized as the only 'Star Performer' amongst 'Major Contenders'
2018 Everest Group PEAK Matrix™ Insurance
Application Services read more contact us
2018 Everest Group PEAK Matrix™ Insurance
Application Services read more contact us
A Leading Global IT Solutions Organization | Enabling Enterprises Manage Information Better
Industrieswe serve
DeliveringCustomer Value
Client Speak
Christa KoenenDB Systel
Laurent BellanEurostar
Ittaya SirivasukarnINSEE Digital
Ravi SimhambhatlaAer Lingus
Philip OsmondBritish Airways
Steve HardingBritish Airways
press releasesNIIT Technologies positioned as a 'Leader' in the Cloud Advisory Assessment & Migration Evaluation by NelsonHall
Noida, INDIA, August 06 2018: NIIT Technologies Limited , a leading global IT solutions organization today announced that NelsonHall has positioned...
Thought LeadershipOptimizing the Duck Creek Technologies User Experience from Implementation to Long-Term Sustainability
Abstract Underwriting has evolved from a process-driven model to focusing on the end-user experience. The younger generation, when engaging with...
blogsMachine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: The Jet Fuel for Robo-Advisors
The global wealth management industry, since the advent of digitization, has been experiencing transformation. Robo-advisors are one of the...


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Arcmap: no more jaggies
For smooth background images in ArcMap turn on Bilinear or Cubic Convolution. To make this the default, see "Arcmap >> Customize >> Arcmap options >> […]Continue reading »
geospatial tidbits for and from the Yukon
For smooth background images in ArcMap turn on Bilinear or Cubic Convolution. To make this the default, see "Arcmap >> Customize >> Arcmap options >> […]Continue reading »
The Imagery Workflows Team at Esri have an interesting Custom Raster Function tool that adds on-the-fly contour generation to the Image Analysis window in ArcMap […]Continue reading »
For years and years we've been using Shaded Relief a.k.a Hillshade images in order to visualize and assess the qualities and deficiences of elevation models. […]Continue reading »
I needed to get the number of points it takes to build all the lines and polygons in our admin boundaries. Here's the python script […]Continue reading »
Go to the GeoYukon portal web app, Turn off all Operational Layers (optional), Turn on Base >> Imagery layers of interest (shows footprints) Zoom to […]Continue reading »
Wildfire season is upon us, albeit quietly in the southern Yukon, but not for those near us. This has me thinking of the primary cause […]Continue reading »
Creating a decent Description for models and other tools in an ArcGIS Toolbox is a friction-full experience. The provided text box is tiny. If you […]Continue reading »
To see articles that are new-to-the-site look at the Recent Changes page. I'm trawling through my archive of old articles, many never shared publicly, and […]Continue reading »
"Service end of life" – greeted me this evening as I visited, alaskamapped.org, a long time member of my hero list. They provided performant web […]Continue reading »
Troubleshooting and debugging ArcMap defintion queries that go beyond a basic single statement can be very frustrating. Statements that work on their own easily break […]Continue reading »


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Click here for: Returning Established Patient Paperwork
(Allow a few moments for entire file to load)
This paperwork is for those patients at our office who, for whatever reasons, have not been seen by our doctors in six months or longer. The paperwork, as all other paperwork, must be completed before arriving at our office. You can bring the paperwork with you on the day of your appointment, or it can be dropped off or mailed to our office ahead of your appointment, as well.
Medicare mandates that this paperwork is submitted, and that our doctors perform an exam on the patient, before treatment.
We know this can be frustrating, and patients may not understand why this is mandated. Six months or more is a very long time. A lot can happen to one's health in this time. A patient could have drastic medication or changes in his/her condition; surgeries could have occurred; injuries could have occurred, etc. Really, if you think about it, would you really want the doctor to be adjusting you and treating you, if she didn't know anything about changes that might had taken place since you last came to our office?
For the sake of your health and well being, we request that you complete these forms, allowing the doctor to review your current status, prior to treating you. We are here to watch over your healthcare needs, and the more knowledge we have about your current health situation, the better the doctor can do her job.


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Jordan College of the Arts
As an artist, you're looking for a place where you can grow in your field, surrounded by people who push you to be better. And at Jordan College of the Arts, that's exactly what you'll find. The mission of JCA is to create artist-citizens that shape the community—and the world—around them. And since it's at the heart of Indianapolis' thriving art scene, you'll be able to get real-world experience while you grow as an artist.
What sets JCA apart from other art schools is Butler's emphasis on a foundational liberal arts program. This emphasis explores and teaches the interrelatedness of all the arts, as well as the context in which artists create. The national-level conservatory instruction combined with a holistic understanding of where you fit into the world as an artist provides an unmatched perspective and artistic intelligence that prepares you for a lifetime of success.
Butler Arts Center
View the Butler Arts Center calendar and discover why our students are at the heart of the cultural community.
Apply to JCA
Amplify your talent by applying to Butler University as a Jordan College of the Arts major.
College Departments
Art + Design
The Art + Design Program offers a unique curriculum combining fine art, design and technology in every course and giving designers the aesthetic eye of the artist to ensure a computer program will never replace them. We give artists marketable skills needed to pursue exciting careers. Optimum faculty/student ratios in our courses allow us to help students meet their goals.
Arts Administration
One of the oldest and most comprehensive programs in the nation, Arts Administration course work combines in-depth study of chosen art form with classes in business, non-profit management, and communications to prepare graduates for the many varied opportunities in a career advocating for the arts.
We are an incubator for the highest caliber dancers in the nation. Our students receive professional-level training from our faculty of highly respected artists with an emphasis on strong technical development, detailed artistic development, and professionally focused advising and mentoring.
MORE. This simple word describes the opportunities you'll have in the School of Music. Our flexible curriculum allows you to easily pursue a double major, study abroad, collaborate with internationally-acclaimed artists, participate in the Butler Symphony Orchestra or other ensembles, and much more.
Renowned as one of the best in the country, our Theatre program is led by a faculty of highly talented, professionally active artists who teach all the diverse aspects of theatre through a practice-based training, that help students hone in on their strengths and passions when selecting their specialty.


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How do you prepare your service for the next spike in traffic? How do you correctly right-size your cloud environment for the upcoming year? Can you forecast your computing demand? Can you spot IT environment's bottlenecks? While most people think that cloud cost optimization solely relates to increasing capacity, it also works the other way around, with environments that are underutilized and require an adjustment in cloud operations in order to optimize usage and costs.
Check out our joint blog post with Blazemeter, where we both introduce a case that'll help guide you through outlining, establishing and monitoring your cloud environment in terms of finding the right sized compute capacity to support online demand in an optimized environment.
Happy reading!


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Bring the whole family to this event that is free and open to the public at the Henry County Fairgrounds.
It is great place to bring the kids and grandkids and, best of all, there is no admission charge.
The whole event serves to showcase our wonderful agricultural heritage.
Be sure to come hungry.
Yes, I know you want to know why the ag agent is talking about vegetable preservation, and I will let you know why.
Don't be like many gardeners I see and just throw away produce or let it to rot. You have worked hard on your garden, so you should be able to reap the rewards of that garden.
Sometimes, I have requests about subjects for my articles, and this week I got one — Japanese beetle control.
These little critters have gotten into just about everything this year.
A Japanese beetle is a metallic green beetle, just under half an inch long, with copper-brown wing covers.
They also have small white spots around their wing covers and down their abdomen.
I hope that many of you took the opportunity to visit the exhibit hall at the county fair last week.
There were a lot of great things there to see and I am always proud to showcase the work our 4-Hers have completed throughout the program year.
I know this might be early, but most farmers are already thinking about next year's crop. The first step to planning is to know what you have, and for tobacco or row crops, a soil sample could be the difference between a bumper crop and a loss.
Soil sampling is the only way to allow the landowner to know exactly how much of a nutrient is present in the soil. Most soil samples will tell pH, phosphorus levels, potassium levels and a few micronutrient levels.
The 4-H Drama Day Camp recently met to learn more about performance art. Participants learned stage terms and definitions. Exercises were taught using improvisation techniques and charades, as well as teaching the youth poly-rhythmic drumming.
These techniques brought them to a higher level of performance. Members also helped create the backdrops for a play and helped create costumes.
These tips will help make sure the special barbeque you plan for family and friends doesn't end with a bout of food poisoning. The Partnership for Food Safety Education suggests that we:
•Always marinate foods in the refrigerator, not on the counter or outdoors. Don't use sauce that was used to marinate raw meat or poultry on cooked food. Boil used marinade before applying to cooked food or reserve a portion of the unused marinade to use as a sauce.
Until June 30, Henry County Agricultural Development Fund applications will be available for multiple programs; County Agricultural Investment Program (CAIP), Next Generation Program (NextGen), and Youth Agriculture Incentives Program. All applications can be picked up at the Henry County Extension Office, located at 2151 Campbellsburg Road, New Castle.
As in past years, CAIP will match up to $2,500 for an agricultural projects within program guidelines.
Our Henry County Farmers' Market is getting in full swing and more farmers will soon arrive as the produce begins to ripen!
Our market is located on the Henry County Courthouse lawn in New Castle on Wednesday and Saturday mornings and will accept WIC and Senior Farmers Market Coupons.
As you visit the market it can be tempting to overspend due to all the abundant, fresh produce and other homemade items available, but shopping the market doesn't have to be expensive.
This summer, Henry County 4-Hers recently enjoyed a fun filled week at Lake Cumberland 4-H Camp.
The Henry County group of 166 campers, teens and adults joined forces with Shelby and Pulaski counties to fill the campground to capacity for a total of 366.
The theme for the week was "May the Clover be With You." Campers enjoyed canoeing, fishing, pontooning, archery, riflery, swimming, low ropes, high ropes, crafts and nature.
Copyright © 2018
The Henry County Local is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Eminence, KY and the surrounding area.


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Parent Resources
Parent Resources
You know the saying, "It takes a village to raise a child" truly applies when you are searching for answers to the many questions a parent will have. The below listing offers you a glimpse of suggested online resources, it is not all-inclusive.
Children's Health
The American Academy of Pediatrics
Norton Children's Hospital
Centers for Disease Control
Breast Feeding
Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness WIC Program
Nutrition and Exercise
WIC at UofL Pediatrics - Downtown
Let's Move
Dr. Larry Wasser's educational video describing how to survive toddlerhood
Jefferson County Public Schools
Jefferson County Public Schools - Parent Resources
Kentucky High School Athletics Association Sports Physical Form
Mental Health
Suicide Prevention Lifeline 800-273-TALK (8255)
Cabinet for Health and Family Services for Kentucky
Center for Women and Families - 24 Hour Crisis Line - 1-844-237-2331


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The Psychiatric Assessment and Brief Intervention (PABI) Program is a program for active patients who partner with active clinicians in achieving short-term goals related to improving and maintaining their mental health. Participation in this program is based on frequent appointments and ongoing monitoring of progress towards established goals. At this time, we can only offer services to UCSF Health patients, with plans to expand services to the broader community in the future.
Our team consists of experienced clinicians who are working closely with patients and their primary care clinicians. We provide individualized evaluations and treatment plans which may include medication management and/or psychotherapy, as indicated.
In order to best serve the needs of many UCSF Health patients, the maximum length of participation in the PABI Program is 12 weeks. After that time, if you still need psychiatric services, we will work with you to find appropriate follow-up care, such as having your primary care provider continue to prescribe your medications or linking you to other UCSF Psychiatry programs or to community mental health clinicians.
A referral from your UCSF primary care provider is required in order to participate in PABI. For further information regarding our program, please call (415) 476-7000.


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With the NFL combine set to begin Wednesday in Indianapolis, Manti Te'o is hoping he isn't as invisible to scouts as his girlfriend was to him.
The Notre Dame linebacker — who made headlines earlier in the year after it was learned he hid the fact he was a victim of an imaginary girlfriend scam — tried to clear the air last month in some television interviews, but several people still feel he was involved in the publicity stunt, which could downgrade his draft status.
"As far as my stock dropping or rising, that's not up to me," Te'o told USA Today on Monday. "The only thing I have to do is just do well, run fast, just be myself, be quick.
"What I did on the field is what I did on the field. I don't think what I did with this whole situation, I don't understand how it takes away from what I did on the field."
Te'o finished second in the Heisman Trophy voting and won seven awards this year. He had 113 tackles, seven interceptions and 11 passes deflected, leading the Fighting Irish to the BCS National Championship, where he had a quiet game in a 42-14 loss to Alabama.
Te'o was viewed as a top five pick, but now there are questions if he will be drafted in the first round of April's NFL Draft. He did his best politicking to prepare for the draft.
"I just want them to know, whoever picks me just let them know that you're choosing someone who loves the game," he said.
He was also one of the most popular college athletes on Twitter, but closed his account two weeks ago.
"It's been a distraction for me, so I need to get rid of it," Te'o said of the social network, where he met his non-existent girlfriend.
Te'o still maintains his innocence, but said he realizes he could have handled the situation differently, and hopes teams won't focus on that as much as his football skills.
"I didn't do anything illegal," he said. "I didn't break any rules, I didn't hurt anybody. I just wasn't very forthcoming, as forthcoming as I should have been. But in that, I didn't do anything wrong."


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"Blue Jeans" Lana Del Ray
An interesting fact, one of my favorite singers is Hatsune Miku. She's not a person. She's a program. However, I listen to her frequently, and love most of her songs. I don't hate her for being "fake".
"Tell Your World" Hatsune Miku
So this video did a good job of bringing me in to reconsider Lana Del Ray.
Idea Channel: Is Miku Hatsune A More Authentic Pop Star Than Lana Del Rey?
Alright, so Lana is a plastic figure sent to trick us into thinking she is as hip as it gets. I made my piece with that eventually. Then I actually gave her songs a chance. You know what? I liked a few. To think I wouldn't have a few more good songs to add to my playlist if I didn't give her a chance. It should be about the songs themselves first and foremost. We're just so sucked into this media blitz that we have to consume the artist themselves before we even really listen to their work.
So children, today's lesson is don't judge a book by its cover. That cheap glossed shallow book might come out with some cool songs....that she didn't even write.
|Is this what she looks like without makeup?


text: Bodybuilding is one of the greatest and oldest sports in the world. It makes you healthy and in good shape. As a bodybuilding beginner, it gives you a lot of confidence, and the coolest thing about bodybuilding is it fits everyone: that means whether you are 20 or 50, male or female, you can do bodybuilding beginner workouts and build muscle, lose fat, gain weight, or just get in shape. However, it could turn to be one of the hardest sports in the world, if a bodybuilding beginner expects to hit the gym today and wake up next morning became like "Schwarzenegger"


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London Tigers works in some of the statistically most deprived areas in the country and our membership base is drawn from these communities. As a charitable organisation, we exist to serve our members and to address their needs.
Our database of registered members is currently in excess of 5,000 with the majority of the membership coming from several boroughs across London. Approximately 1 in 3 of our beneficiaries are female.
Over the next year we will be focusing much of our resources on expanding our work nationally and we have already established branches in other major cities; we therefore expect our membership base to expand exponentially over the coming years. Although London Tigers began in the City of Westminster which had a high number of residents of Bangladeshi, North African and Middle Eastern ethnic backgrounds, our steady expansion over the past years into other London boroughs, coupled with demographic changes locally, regionally and nationally, has led to a more diverse membership base. This is reflected in the fact that London Tigers currently works with beneficiaries from over 60 nationalities. As our national expansion progresses, we expect our membership to become even more diverse.
Our numerous current projects, as well as those we have delivered in the past, cover a number of different themed areas from employment to health, and as such we engage with a wide range of age groups from young school children to older citizens. This diverse membership allows us to better understand the needs of our members from a more holistic perspective and also facilitates our intergenerational work.
As a grassroots organisation we are fortunate enough to be able to see the impact our work has on our members, their lives and society at large. Our members are more than just statistics to us, they are individuals – each with their own story to tell and each with the potential make a difference.
Read London Tigers Social Research Report, created by graduates of Essex University, for more insight in to the needs of the communities we serve.


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I am so happy to share photos from my sister, Adrianna's, wedding to her high school sweetheart, Matt! Though I was not thrilled about the flight from Phoenix to San Antonio, being there for one of the most important moments of my sister's life, made it worth the anxiety. It was such a lovely and touching ceremony, and I was so proud of myself that I didn't cry through the whole thing....only to cry as I gave the toast at the reception. Thanks to an amazing DJ (if my family is reading this, they understand the sarcasm in that description), my husband and I danced the night away, until our feet went from throbbing to numb. The dinner that the Westin Riverwalk, San Antonio, created was incredible, and kudos to Adrianna for making sure I received a vegetarian plate:) Congratulations to both Adrianna and Matt. Thank you for creating a beautiful night where family and loved ones could celebrate this special occasion with you.
The lovely couple at the alter
My sister, Dr. Adrianna Lujan-Dimando
Bridesmaids with the beautiful bride
Wedding party with a random head bottom left
Another photo bomb
This salad was amazing
Spinach potato cake with balsamic marinated portabellas and tomatoes
My sister's beautiful bouquet photo bombs a candid shot
Post wedding partying with the bride at SoHo Wine and Martini Bar, San Antonio


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SILVIS, Ill. – Kyle Stanley believes his gut-wrenching loss in last year's John Deere Classic set up his breakthrough success this year.
Stanley lost a chance for his first PGA Tour victory when he bogeyed the 72nd hole of this event and then watched Steve Stricker follow him with a birdie. It was Stricker's third straight John Deere Classic victory. Stanley's back for more this year.
"Finishing second last year kind of spring boarded me into what I'm doing now," said Stanley. "It was really my first time in contention.:"
After a collapse at the Farmers Insurance Open early this year, Stanley rebounded the next week to win the Waste Management Phoenix Open. He said that disappointment of losing there also led to his greater success.
"I don't think I've ever felt so loved by so many people," Stanley said. "It was great. It brought me closer to my family, brought me closer to some of my friends. A lot of people made sure I never got too down. It was really a difference maker."


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Quick Reference
(Skt., contemplation; Pāli, anupassanā).
A process of investigation or analysis designed to help overcome habitual and erroneous perception. For example, instead of regarding phenomena as stable and permanent one trains the mind to see that their true nature is to be impermanent; instead of regarding them as causing happiness, one comes to see them as a cause of suffering (duḥkha), and so forth. The ultimate goal is to see things as they really are (yathā-bhūta) rather than how they appear to be. A sevenfold list of such exercises is commonly found.
From: anupaśyanā in A Dictionary of Buddhism »
Subjects: Buddhism.
Related content in Oxford Index
Reference entries
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Convicted double murderer David Tamihere says he will continue a fight against the Department of Corrections over a breach of parole as a matter of principle.
Earlier this year, for a television documentary, Tamihere flew over the area where Swedish backpackers Heidi Paakkonen and Urban Hoglin were killed .
He was granted parole in 2010, but was banned from entering the Coromandel Peninsula, where he was convicted of killing the pair.
Tamihere does not believe that flying over the scene counts as a breach.
He was due to give evidence in court on Thursday morning, but the hearing was put off after his lawyer said the Department of Corrections had not handed over all the necessary documents.
The Crown, defence and judge all agree that even if Tamihere is convicted of a breach, he would likely be discharged.
But Tamihere says the fight is worthwhile. He maintains his innocence over the murders, and says the breach would be a further black mark against his name.
A hearing will now take place in May next year.


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Anderson (S.C.) tops No. 20 Limestone
Sanderson goes 3-for-5 from plate to power Trojans to victory
GAFFNEY, S.C. -- Anderson (S.C.) recorded a season-high 14 hits, including a pair of solo home runs as the Trojans defeated No. 20 Limestone 6-3 in non-conference action on Wednesday afternoon at Bob Prevatte Field.
Anderson (2-3) never trailed en route to winnng its second consecutive game, while Limestone slipped to 1-2 on the young season.
Brett Cash put the Trojans on top early, belting his first collegiate home run, a solo shot over the right-field wall with two outs in the top of the first inning. But the Saints answered quickly, as KJ McAllister led off the bottom of the frame with a single to center, stole second and moved to third on a groundout. He crossed the plate to even the score at 1-1 on Chad Balderman's two-out double in the gap to left-center.
The Trojans regained the advantage with two runs in the second, as Brett Scarberry extended his hitting streak to three games with a one-out single to left. Josh Hickman followed by reaching base on an error and moved into scoring position while Scarberry moved to third. Zach Reeves singled through the left side to score Scarberry with the go-ahead run and Hickman crossed the plate on Cash's one-out sacrifice fly to right, giving AU the 3-1 edge.
Limestone evened the score at three apiece with a pair of runs off two hits in the bottom of the third.
But Anderson answered again, snapping the deadlock with a two-out rally in the top of the fifth frame, as Thomas Padro ripped a one-out single to right and went to second when Blake May grounded out to third. Erick Sanderson followed with his second hit of the afternoon, a single through the right side, that plated Padro from second to give the Trojans a 4-3 edge after 4 ½ innings.
The Trojans added a pair of insurance runs in the sixth to claim a three-run lead on the strength of Hickman's first homer of the season with one out and a two-out single by May that plated Reeves.
|No. 6 Francis Marion 5, Newberry 4
|No. 16 UNC-Pembroke 9, Chowan 2
|Anderson (S.C.) 6, No. 20 Limestone 3
|No. 25 Western Oregon 10, Sonoma State 1
Hickman reached base three times, scored twice and recorded an RBI, while Reeves finished with two singles on the afternoon. Sanderson was 3-for-5 with a pair of doubles and an RBI, while Scarberry notched a pair of singles in four at-bats. Cash added the homer and two RBI and Padro was 2-for-5. May extended his hitting streak to five games with the sixth-inning single.
JT Trujillo tossed six complete innings, while allowing three earned runs off seven hits and striking out five.
Hayden Crompton and Landon Beck combined with Riley McDermott to shut the Saints' offense down over the final three frames, with each tossing an inning of no-hit baseball. McDermott earned his second save on the season.
The Saints' Preston Glew absorbed the loss, surrendering a run off three hits in an inning of relief.


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- 5
Understanding a Very Anxious Person
Advice for those trying to understand and help an anxious friend or family member
- 3
Stress Caused by Negative Family and Friends
How do you deal with family or friends treating you badly and causing you stress?
- 7
Resources for Panic Disorder Sufferers
Having regular panic attacks can be very disabling. Information, help and support for panic disorder
- 12
Memory and Bad Habits Provoke More Anxiety
If you suffer with a severe anxiety problem or disorder, your memory and bad habits may be helping to keep you anxious.
- 1
Tips for Prediabetes
Advice for those who have been told they are borderline diabetic.
- 0
Why Do You Have Nausea?
Feeling sick to the stomach without actually vomiting week after week can be very debilitating. How I found out the root cause of my nausea.
- 12
Types of Therapy for Mental Illness Explained
There are various therapies to help those with mental health problems, but do you know which one is best for you?
- 5
Assertive Skills for Anxious People
When we are constantly on edge and worried, our communication skills can become affected. Why is it important that we communicate well when stressed?
- 4
Helping a Friend with Bipolar Mood Disorder
Advice when you have a friend with bipolar disorder.
- 18
Effects of Treatment on Teenagers with Mental Illness
Having a mental illness when you are a teen can change your life.
- 6
Tips for Travel Anxiety
A travel phobia can limit a person's life to a great degree. Are you scared to use public transportation?
- 13
Is it Better to be a Parent or Friend to Our Kids?
How much friendship is healthy for a parent and child relationship or are you too strict?
- 47
How to Handle Fear of Choking
How can you cope with a fear of choking when you have a chronic anxiety problem?
- 1
Eating Disorder Signs for Parents
Do you suspect your teenager has anorexia or bulimia? What are the signs and how can you help?
- 5
Anxiety Problems & the Benefits of Meditation
Learning to meditate is a great way to handle stress and anxiety disorders.
- 20
The Best Way to Stop Panic Attacks
I spent half my life suffering with panic disorder. Although I haven't had a panic attack in years, I remember them all too well. This article discusses the techniques that worked for me.
- 7
Effects of Mental Health Recovery and Discharge Planning
How would you cope with being discharged from mental health services?
- 12
Kidney Function after Kidney Surgery
Chronic kidney disease and living with one kidney
- 6
How to Cure Fear of the Dark in Children
What can you do to address your child's worry when going to bed?
- 9
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
How do you know if you have GAD?
- 7
Coping With Fear of Flying
Tips for handling a flying phobia
- 12
How to Prevent Abuse of the Elderly
How can we protect our elderly relatives when they are in the care of others?
- 6
Severe Anxiety & Effects on Relationships
Anxiety disorders can cause relationships to break down. Good advice for anxious people and their partners.
- 35
Stigma and Mental Illness: Exploring Derogatory Terms
People who have a mental health disorder have to live with stigma and discrimination. The popular use of slang terminology doesn't help.
- 7
Mental Illness Treatment and Making a Complaint
Complaining about your treatment in the mental health service.
- 14
How to Control Feelings of Depression
Can you stop yourself spiralling into a pit of depression?
- 4
Best Gifts for Someone With Vision Problems
Advice for buying practical aids for those who have failing eyesight or vision problems.
- 6
Aging-Related Eye Diseases
What are the symptoms and risks to our sight as we get older?
- 12
Malingering in Mental Health Care
Why would people deliberately try to fool mental health professionals and risk psychiatric treatment?
- 6
Dealing With Dependent Personality Disorder
Do you fear being alone and think you cannot cope without someone else by your side? You may have dependent personality disorder.
- 12
Adrenal Fatigue and Stress Exhaustion
Morning tiredness and unexplained pains are easily put down to being stressed out, but could you have a bigger problem?
- 86
Intrusive Thoughts and Feelings With High Anxiety
Disturbing thoughts can be a major problem for those who suffer with anxiety disorders. Why do you get them and how can you deal with them?
- 14
Substance Abuse and Anxiety Disorder
What prop do you use to calm your nerves?
- 17
Coping With Nephrectomy: My Silent Cancer and Kidney Removal
Renal cell carcinoma can be a silent cancer. It is often only found by chance whilst having a CT scan or MRI scan for investigating other illness.
- 12
Major Depressive Disorder: Psychotic Depression
Depression, itself, is enough to change your behaviour and impede your functioning. Psychosis can exacerbate those changes and make the experience terrifying. Learn about how it can be treated.
- 10
How to Cope With Schizoaffective Disorder
The symptoms of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia can merge to become a disorder known as schizoaffective. Coping can be very difficult.
- 18
Anti Psychiatry Voices
Why do many people question psychiatry?
- 18
Psychological Abuse and Controlling Men
When we think of domestic violence, we inevitably think of the physical aspect of this. There is a much quieter and less acknowledged form of abuse that can be just as destructive and traumatic. Is your partner playing mind games with you?
- 22
Frequently Asked Questions about Depression Treatment
Antidepressants are given out all too easily for depression, but there are other ways to treat depression too.
- 14
Dealing with School Phobia and Separation Anxiety
What can a parent do when a child refuses to go to school?
- 19
Antipsychotic Drugs: Should We Be Alarmed?
The potential severe side-effects from taking anti-psychotic medication seems to have been ignored for many years. What should we know about these drugs?
- 16
When an Overdose Becomes Attention Seeking
If a person repeatedly overdoses on pills but always survives... and yet claims it is because of a desire to die, does it necessarily mean their intent is false? Is it attention-seeking behaviour?
- 15
How to Overcome Fear of Medical Procedures and Operations
What can we do to address our fears of necessary dentistry, medical testing and surgical procedures?
- 14
What it Feels Like to Be Pregnant
What can a woman expect in her first pregnancy?
- 12
Best Self-Help Books for Anxiety and Depression
Self-help books for anxiety disorders and depression
- 13
Loss of Identity with a Psychiatric Diagnosis
Identity changes are inevitable when you are diagnosed with a mental illness.
- 15
Psychiatric Evaluation: Crisis Care of Depression
When we become depressed and reach a crisis point, it is the opinions of professionals that really count as far as treatment is concerned.
- 22
Natural Alternatives for Common Health Problems
Treating colds, headaches, indigestion and anxiety, doesn't have to mean taking prescription medications.
- 8
Effects of Stress in People with Mental Illness
Those with a mental illness find stress very difficult to deal with without support.
- 24
Caring for Our Children: Importance of Discipline
How we care for our children and teach them good values is important.
- 10
Coping with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Tips for those with emphysema, COPD, or chronic bronchitis
- 17
Communication Problems in a Psychiatric Ward
A mental health crisis can be very traumatic, but it is made worse by bad communication.
- 31
Stress Overload: Nonepileptic Seizures
What happens when stress builds to gigantic proportions? What happens when stress converts itself into a physical manifestation? Nonepileptic seizures explained.
- 19
Abandoned Asylums and Community Psychiatry
Is community care for mental health improving the service generally?
- 16
How to Deal With Psychiatric Abuse
If we need the help of the psychiatric service, we all hope for a good relationship with those who treat and care for us. What can we do when this fails?
- 11
Patients Safety in Psychiatric Wards
We all read shocking stories about violence and mental health issues and of course we tend to believe what the media tells us. How much of this is true? We need to know the facts in case there comes a time when we need to have mental health inpatient care in a crisis.
- 11
How to Promote Mental Health
Sometimes we need some support or intervention to avoid mental health crisis.
- 6
How to Treat Mild Anxiety Disorder
How do you cope with anxiety when it becomes a way of life for you? Are you a worrier who does not know how to relax?
- 11
How to Deal With a Depressed Coworker
Sometimes people find it difficult to share their feelings in the workplace due to discrimination or stigma. Could you give someone at work the support they need if they are suffering from depression? Would you know what to say or do?
- 16
Seasonal Anxiety Disorder
Seasonal depression is quite common. Do you feel you may be suffering from anxiety disorder connected to either winter or summer?
- 13
How to Cure a Blushing Phobia
For some people blushing can become something to fear and dread so that it interferes with their daily lives. How can we address a fear or phobia of blushing?
- 21
How to Beat Feeling Lonely or Depressed
Some people prefer their own company to that of others and that's OK. When being alone is keeping you isolated for all the wrong reasons you could suffer depression also. How can you stop the vicious cycle of loneliness and depression?
- 10
How to Conquer Your Fear of Dog Phobia
Dogs make good family pets but a dog bite can leave a person with a dog phobia for life. We have so many dogs in the world it is difficult to avoid them so it makes sense to address your fear of them. There are therapies and self-help strategies to deal with this problem.
- 19
How to Help Your Social Anxiety Disorder
Having a social phobia can severely interfere with your everyday life. There are ways to address social anxiety without taking medication.
- 5
Health Anxiety with Anxiety Disorders
Health anxiety is probably more common than you think when you already have an anxiety disorder. When we become preoccupied with every little twinge or bodily symptom the results can feel harrowing.
- 11
Online Cures for Panic Disorder
Can you trust that cure you found online for panic disorder?
- 5
What You Should Know About Anxiety Disorder Medication
Do you know everything you should about your anti-anxiety medication? Do they help? Are they a cure?
- 3
Panic Attacks - Reaction and Control
Stop trying to control panic disorder
- 0
Postnatal Depression and Postpartum Psychosis
Postnatal depression and the severe form of puerperal psychosis can happen to any new Mother.
- 5
Panic Disorder Behaviour and Taking Responsibility
Are you really addressing your panic disorder?
- 45
Depersonalization and Derealization - Symptoms of Severe Anxiety
A severe anxiety problem or bout of depression can produce many odd symptoms. Depersonalization and derealization are two of the worst symptoms a sufferer may encounter.
- 9
Depression and Anxiety —Comorbidities in Mental Health
Depression and anxiety commonly exist together. Can it make a primary mental illness diagnosis worse?
- 5
Stress and Physical Illness - The Anxiety Related Question
Have you ever got the impression your doctor seems to blame too much on your anxiety. If you suffer high levels of stress you may find as a result that you suffer more physically.
- 5
Psychiatrists in Adult Mental Health
Interesting facts for service users about psychiatrists in the UK
- 4
Mental Health Forums - The Good and Bad
Are online groups and forums a positive help for mental illnesses?
- 3
Anxiety Disorders and Changing Bad Habits
Looking at how your habits may be contributing to your anxious state.
- 3
Anxiety Disorders & Dr Claire Weekes Books
Dr Claire Weekes pioneered a treatment to address anxiety disorders that is still used widely today.
- 7
Treating Elderly Patients in Hospital with Dignity
Going into hospital for a short or long stay can be unsettling for anyone. For the elderly, it can be a confusing and worrying time and we need to be taking care of them adequately. What happens when their needs are not met?
- 3
Quality of Nursing Care Today
Do you feel the standards of hospital care have declined?
- 0
How Does Panic Disorder Start?
Panic disorder can only develop if you have a negative first panic attack experience. What turns a panic attack into panic disorder?
- 1
Agoraphobia - Shopping and Panic
People take going shopping for granted. What happens when this everyday activity brings such fear that you totally avoid doing it?
- 4
Acid Reflux GERD - Mystery and Confusion
Do you suffer with acid problems such as burping, heartburn and sore throat?


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Produce rules aim to stop illness outbreaks
Nearly 200 California farmers, conservationists, scientists and federal officials gathered in Monterey County on Monday and Tuesday to help shape the first-ever federal safety regulations for growing, harvesting and packing produce.
The new rules, which are separate from food safety legislation that's before the Senate, are in reaction to the growing number of fruit and vegetable related food-borne illnesses, including California's devastating 2006 E. coli outbreak traced to Salinas Valley spinach.
In an unprecedented move, representatives of the Food and Drug Administration and the Produce Safety Project, a committee funded by the nonprofit Pew Charitable Trusts, are traveling the country asking for input on rules that would specifically deal with worker hygiene, irrigation, composting and wildlife in the fields.
Tentative regulations could be announced by early next year. In the past, the FDA has proposed regulations first, then asked for public comment.
"It's a good, commonsense approach," said Jim Gorny, the FDA's senior adviser for produce safety, who participated in this week's Stakeholders' Discussion Series in Seaside. "We'd like to get this right the first time."
He said the safety rules go hand in hand with a recent campaign to get consumers to eat more fruits and vegetables, one of the antidotes to the country's obesity crisis.
"But how can you do that if the public isn't confident in the safety of their food supply?" he asked. "Fear has no place in the produce aisle."
Mixed feelings
Farmers have mixed feelings about the pending rules.
"It's nice that they are involving the folks that do the work, letting us have a voice," said Tim Driscoll, general manager of Valley Pride Inc., produce growers based in Castroville (Monterey County) and Coachella (Riverside County). "In the past, they set the regulations and then listened to the voice."
The biggest fear is that the FDA will adopt a one-size-fits-all approach without taking into account farm size, the type of crop grown and risk levels. Kevin McEnnis, owner of the 20-acre organic Quetzal Farm in Santa Rosa who attended the meeting said if the new rules require microbial testing of his produce and other intensive practices, it will be prohibitive in terms of cost and labor for his tiny operation.
"A lot of what they're talking about seems too expensive to me," he said, adding that small farmers could be put out of business by the regulations. "I'm concerned that they're not as interested in our interests. We just don't have a lot of clout."
Growers - even ones with large operations - are also worried that each state and region has unique growing conditions and practices. The challenge is to make a rule that takes diversity into consideration.
In Ohio, for example, Amish and Mennonite farmers questioned whether they would still be able to use their traditional techniques, specifically horse-drawn plows, in their fields.
Food safety officials believe that farm animal and wildlife feces can introduce harmful pathogens to crops. There is some evidence that wild pigs were responsible for the 2006 0157:H7 E. coli strain found in bagged spinach from Salinas Valley that killed three people and sickened 205 nationwide.
Others argued there just isn't enough science, especially on the risk wildlife poses to food safety, with which to base a practical rule. California farmers, who are voluntarily following the Leafy Green Marketing Agreement safety guidelines set forth by the trade after the spinach fiasco, said they are already jumping through hoops from their corporate buyers - fast-food chains, big-box stores and supermarket giants.
Growers said they are being pressured to do away with sound ecological and sustainable growing practices in the fervor to stop any more outbreaks, according to a report commissioned by the Produce Safety Project.
Undoing conservation
Conservationists and farmers alike fear that draconian requirements, such as the removal of non-crop vegetation, filling in reservoirs and ponds and putting out poison bait to keep wildlife and amphibians from building habitats, will unravel $4.5 billion worth of efforts to prevent soil erosion, foster water conservation and protect California's eco system. Their hope is that the new FDA regulations will temper the current atmosphere.
Jeff Farrar, the FDA's associate commissioner for food protection, said some corporate produce buyers have already shown an interest in adopting the agency's new rules. However, there is nothing to keep them from exacting their own standards as long as they don't violate law or local ordinances, he said.
FDA spokeswoman Sharon Natanblut said, "We just want to make the policy as practical as possible. No one wants confusion."
FDA's responsibilities
The Food and Drug Administration regulates:
-- All vegetables, fruits, nuts, dairy products, breads, cereals and fresh eggs
-- 136,000 domestic food facilities, including manufacturers, processors and warehouses, including storage tanks and grain elevators
-- 2 million farms, 935,000 restaurants and institutional food-service establishments, and 114,000 supermarkets, grocery stores and other food outlets
Food-borne illness numbers
5,000 Approximate number of U.S. deaths each year from the estimated 76 million illnesses caused by tainted food that also result in 325,000 hospitalizations.
72 Number of reported outbreaks from 1996 to 2007 of food-borne illness associated with produce, including 13 from tomatoes, 11 from melons and 24 from leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach.
48 The average number of people sickened in produce outbreaks, compared with 30 in poultry outbreaks, 27 in beef and 10 in seafood.
Source: Produce Safety Project


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LFCCTV: Sterling highlights at Spurs
In keeping with his electric opening to the season, Raheem Sterling was a crucial figure at White Hart Lane on Sunday – and LFCTV GO subscribers can now enjoy his finest moments in our LFCCTV feature.
Liverpool's 3-0 victory over Tottenham Hotspur was kick-started in the eighth minute when the 19-year-old collected a cross by Jordan Henderson at the back post and coolly side-footed into the net for the deadlock-breaker.
Aside from the pivotal early goal, his performance was packed with the combination of pace, energy and remarkable strength to reclaim possession from opponents that has thrilled Kopites during the past year.
Sterling's display was definitely worth a closer look, so click play on the embedded video below to replay his individual highlights. If you are not already signed up, click here for information and to join now.


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(Reuters) - Four people were killed on Sunday morning when two small planes collided in mid-air about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of downtown San Diego, authorities said.
The crash occurred at around 11 a.m. when a twin-engine Sabreliner collided with a single-engine Cessna 172 over an area located two miles (3 km) from Brown Field Airport in San Diego county, said a spokesman for the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department.
At least four passengers were found dead at the scene, Cal Fire spokesman Nick Schuller said.
Debris from the collision landed in a field west of the airport and caused a 2-acre (8,000-sq meter) brush fire that was put out by firefighters who responded to the scene, according to Schuller.
Authorities do not yet know the total number of passengers that were aboard both flights. No one was injured on the ground, but a firefighter was taken to the hospital for heat exhaustion, according to Schuller.
The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board will investigate what caused the crash, an FAA spokesman said.
(Reporting By Elizabeth Dilts in New York and Brendan O'Brien in; Editing by Sandra Maler)


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EP feeling better after winning last 3 of 4
Evergreen Park's boys basketball team opened the season 0-5 but won three out of four games in the Immaculate Conception/Westmont Tournament for a second-place finish.
That gave the Mustangs a shot in the arm heading into Friday's showdown against Oak Forest.
"We're not going to get pushed over, I'll tell you that,'' Mustangs coach Pat Flannigan said. "Against Oak Forest, we're going to rise to occasion and play like we're capable of. No matter our record, our opponent is going to be in for fight. They won't be able to mark as a win against Evergreen Park, I'll tell you that."
The title game in Elmhurst didn't go well, however.
Even though Evergreen Park was playing for the championship of the tournament against St. Edward on Dec. 30, Flannigan noticed that his team was playing with a lack of energy throughout the game.
That lack of energy was especially evident in the fourth quarter when the Green Wave exploded for 24 points and pulled away for a 65-53 victory over the Mustangs.
Jordan Brown and Isaac Matthews each scored 14 points to lead Evergreen Park, which dropped to 3-6 with the defeat. The team also received 13 points and eight boards from Tony Weathersby.
"We had our chances to win this game," Flannigan said. "We were ahead with about 2:30 left. It was four-point lead at one point, and we had a silly turnover; they got a lay-up that cut it to two points, and then they started playing some confidence.
"We thought we could put them away, but momentum shifted after the turnover and basket. We didn't have a whole lot of energy that night for some reason."
Flannigan also said that the team's inability to stick with the keys of the game early in the contest made life difficult — as St. Edward was able to establish an early 20-14 lead at the end of the first quarter.
"We had three keys: The first was that we get the ball inside. We had an advantage there, and we jacked up a three on our first possession, and it kind of set a bad tone for the rest of the day. If one doesn't stick to the keys, why should anyone else?
"We got away from our game plan, and we were treading water for a while. We played OK in spurts but just not enough for a steady team like St. Edward. One of our guards had an off night, and nobody else stepped into that role. It makes you want to bang your head on the wall as a coach because there were no real physical errors just some mental mistakes and getting away from what our plan was."
St. Edward 63
Evergreen Park 53
Evergreen Park 14 13 15 11 – 53
St. Edward 20 8 11 24 – 63
Evergreen Park (53)
Jacquet McClendon 5, Alex Cheatham 3, Issac Matthews 14, Tobi Oladaijo 4, Jordan Brown 142, Tony Weathersby 13.
Rebounds: Weathersby 7. Assists: Oladaijo 4.