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About Danny Wuerffel Autographed Footballs
Former Florida Gators quarterback Danny Wuerffel is a college football legend. Wuerffel led the Gators to a National Championship and is a member of the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame. During his impressive college career Wuerffel was selected to the First-Team All-SEC twice and was a First-Team All-American twice.
Autographed Danny Wuerffel footballs are terrific sports gifts for any of your friends or family members who are Florida Gators fans or University of Florida alumni. Signed Danny Wuerffel footballs will leave your friends and family members speechless after receiving one and your friends and family members will be thrilled to display their autographed Danny Wuerffel football in their home or office. Signed Danny Wuerffel footballs are rare and unique sports collectibles that will also be a wonderful addition to your own sports memorabilia collection. Our autographed Danny Wuerffel footballs are guaranteed to be authentic, as is all of the sports memorabilia and collectibles that we sell.
Signed Danny Wuerffel footballs are valuable investments so purchase yours today. Autographed Danny Wuerffel sports memorabilia and collectibles will look fabulous displayed in your own sports room or man cave and will continually grow in worth in the coming days. Once you finish purchasing your signed Danny Wuerffel sports memorabilia and collectibles please shop the rest of our Florida Gators collection for product offerings for former head football coaches Urban Meyer and Steve Spurrier.


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The 22nd annual News Channel 8 Outdoors Expo & Boat Show starts today at the Florida State Fairgrounds in Tampa.
The 22nd annual News Channel 8 Outdoors Expo & Boat Show starts today at the Florida State Fairgrounds in Tampa.
Captains Mike Anderson and Billy Nobles of "The Reel Animals" TV show on News Channel 8 are the new hosts. The Expo was formerly known as the "Frank Sargeant Show.''
There are seminars, interactive how-to demonstrations and 150 vendors with the latest boat models and outdoors-related gear and equipment at discounted prices.
For the seminar schedule, check www.tampaoutdoorexpo.com/schedule.htm.
"Get Real'' fishing derbies for kids organized by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission on stocked ponds are Saturday and Sunday.
Admission is free today, and $8 for ages 13 and up Saturday and Sunday. Children 12 and under get in free. Parking is $5. Show hours are 1-8 p.m. today; 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Saturday; and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday.
The Fairgrounds are located at the intersection of I-4 and U.S. 301 in east Tampa.
The Polk County Chapter of the Coastal Conservation Association will hold its 27th annual fund-raising banquet and auction on Tuesday, April 9, at the Bartow Civic Center.
The event has been held on Thursdays in the past.
Tickets are $85 per person and include dinner and CCA membership. Couples tickets are $150. Individual sponsor tickets are $250, while corporate sponsorships for parties of eight are $1,200.
There will be a special raffle for a Pathfinder 2200 TRS flats boat, motor and trailer package. Raffle tickets are $50.
Tickets bought before March 9 will be entered in a drawing for a Shimano rod and reel combo donated by Marine Supply.
Auction items include a Hell's Bay boat, fishing trips locally and internationally, artwork, jewelry, Yamaha outboards and premium fishing tackle.
The event begins at 5:30 p.m., with dinner from 7:30-8:30 p.m., followed by the live auction.
Call Jan Crabill at 863-712-1164 or Fred Crabill at 863-660-4559.
The public gun ranges at Tenoroc Fish Management Area are open Thursday through Monday and closed on Tuesday and Wednesday.
The FWC took over management of the facility in the middle of February. It was previously leased by Mark and Christine Smith.
"The sporting clays course has been revamped with the new clay machines, and we've done a lot of cleanup,'' said range manager John Weatherholt of the FWC.
The new phone number to the gun range office is 863-668-5795.
The sporting clays range is playing host to the Bustin' Clays with Sheriff Grady Judd event on Saturday.
[ Del Milligan's outdoors column appears Fridays in The Ledger. He can be reached at email@example.com or 863-802-7555. Milligan's blog, Central Florida Fishology, can be found at theledger.com home page. ]

subset: commoncrawl


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Wiring Diagram. Tuesday, March 13th, 2018 - 19:32:07 PM.
Excerpt from Whirlpool Refrigerator Wiring Diagram Schematic 23+ Pictures :
Wiring diagram for whirlpool gold refrigerator, wiring diagram for whirlpool refrigerator, wiring diagram of whirlpool refrigerator, wiring diagram whirlpool refrigerator ice maker, wiring diagram whirlpool side side refrigerator.
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Kings of Leon frontman Caleb Followill 'drinks like a fish'
Is Caleb Followill headed for rehab? Sources say his bandmates are trying to get him to go.
Kings of Leon stunned fans this weekend when lead singer Caleb Followill complained about the Texas heat and left the stage.
"I'm gonna go backstage for a second and I'm gonna vomit," Caleb told the audience at the Gexa Energy Pavilion. "I'm gonna drink a beer and I'm gonna come back out and I'm gonna play three more songs."
Except he never came back -- and his bandmates were left to apologize to the ticked-off audience.
"Caleb's just a little unfit to play the rest of the show," bassist and brother Jared Followill said. "We love you guys so much … I know you guys [expletive] hate us. I'm so sorry. It's really not our fault -- it's Caleb. He can't play the rest of the show. We will be back as soon as possible."
KOL tried to explain the weird incident on Twitter.
"There are internal sicknesses & problems that have needed to be addressed," Jared wrote Saturday afternoon. "I know you guys aren't stupid. I can't lie. There are problems in our band bigger than not drinking enough Gatorade."
Then, the band announced on Monday that they're scrapping the whole U.S. tour.
"The reason for the cancellation of the tour is Caleb is under doctor's orders for vocal rest," the band's rep said in a statement. "They feel terrible about canceling. They look forward to getting back on the road at the end of September."
However, sources close to the band are blaming Caleb's drinking problem for his erratic behavior.
"They are trying to get Caleb to go to rehab. It is mostly for alcohol," a source told US Weekly. "[That's why] they ended up canceling the whole tour... he drinks like a fish."
Another source agreed. "It's true. Caleb's drinking is out of control and they are trying to get him into rehab. It's a dark demon he has been fighting for a while."
Is it true? If it is, we'll expect to hear a rehab announcement in the not-too-distant future. One source doesn't think that'll happen, though.
"They all drink, all the [bandmates]. Anyone in a band usually likes to have a few beers on the road... they have never discussed [Caleb's drinking] as a problem before."
Image: WENN
Do you think Kings of Leon is headed for Rehabville?
Read on for more music news
Samantha Ronson busted for DUI
LMFAO gives props to Paris Hilton
Nick Lachey to release a new album?


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Age of Empires (Windows)
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ESRB Rating
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
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3 out of 5 people found this review helpfulwrite a review of this game
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SummaryBrilliant! Up until its sequel, the best RTS ever made.
The GoodAge of Empires got me hooked on real-time strategy games. It was Ensemble Studios' first game; they put a lot of hard work into making it just right, and they succeeded brilliantly. The graphics are breathtaking and the units are plentiful and unique. Resources are balanced; sometimes hard to come by, but never impossible.
The campaigns are perfect! I didn't like the sequel's campaigns much at all, unfortunatly; I still play these sometimes. The cutscenes in between them are stunning, comparable with Blizzard's work IMO, and the stories are captivating. But the maps for them are perfect! They are challenging but balanced, with resources in key spots and enemies in just the right places to make it hard just when you thought it was gonna be easy. You'll really need to use your head to win them, unlike some other, very simple RTSs. Ground troops, flankers, bowmen, seige weapons and war boats all have their places, and they are all neccessary at some time or another.
The BadStone is just about impossible to come by if you squander it early on. They fixed this in Age of Kings, by the way.
There is also a bug with the AI-- if you have two priests trying to convert a unit at the same time, it can't decide which one to attack and will just freeze. So under the right conditions, the game gets dangerously easy. On a larger scale, this could have pretty much ruined the playability of the game, but it's only an annoyance as it is ('cause the enemies normally come by with buddies who chop your priest into mincemeat when he gets near enough to convert). Also fixed in the sequel.


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COLLEGE PARK -- It starts with the jersey, No. 23. Then there are the state-of-the-art baggy shorts. And, of course, the wagging tongue.
Michael Jordan isn't coming to Cole Field House tonight. Harold Miner is.
Miner -- one of college basketball's top shooting guards, and certainly one of its most unknown stars -- will lead Southern Cal (1-0) against Maryland (1-0) tonight at 7:30.
"I think it'll come," Miner said of his recognition, which so far has been limited mostly to the West Coast. "I'm not worried about the publicity. People will begin to take notice."


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Vidiforms Company was founded in 1961 to offer the revolutionary Showgard stamp mounts. In 1994 it expanded to include the Supersafe brand of currency and coin supplies. Headquartered in Congers, New York, Vidiforms is a family-owned company dedicated to providing top-quality coin collecting supplies.
Let the beauty of the new National Park Quarters show in the new Supersafe National Parks Quarters Albums that allow you to view both sides of each coin.
Collectors may choose an album that holds one of each quarter, or one that has spaces for both Denver and Philadelphia Mint versions.
Archival material free from PVC or harmful additives is featured in the new Supersafe Self-Adhesive Coin Holders. The self-adhesive gives an airtight seal to protect coins. A convenient tab allows for easy handling. The coin holders, which come in 14 sizes for U.S. and foreign coins, fit into standard 20 or 12-pocket pages.
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When it comes to safe storage of your valued currency, polyester holders are the knowledgeable collector's choice. Supersafe Archical Holders provide durable, heavyweight protection at an affordable price. Beware holders advertised as being PVC, but free of chemical softeners and stearates. If a holder is made of PVC it is not acceptable for storing valuable collectibles.
Trust your currency collection to the archival quality polyester pages offered by Supersafe. They provide for safe long-term storage and display of your valued banknotes. Supersafe pages are available for large-size banknotes, small-size banknotes and graded currency. Organize your collection in archival quality albums and binders ready to fit any currency pages, including the new NPGC graded currency pages.
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Impaired Driving in Michigan
Information on the Michigan Drunk Driving Audit
2015 Michigan Crash Facts
|Alcohol- and Drug-Related Fatalities
|Total Crashes
Nationally, alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated $37 billion annually. NHTSA
In 2015, Impaired driving represented more than one-third (38%) of Michigan traffic fatalities. UMTRI
Michigan law enforcement agencies arrested 33,720 motorists for drunk driving in 2015. CJIC
There were 896 incapacitating injuries in alcohol and/or drug-involved crashes in 2015. UMTRI
Nationally, alcohol-impaired driving fatalities increased by three percent from 9,943 in 2014 to 10,265 in 2015. NHTSA
Related Links
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
National Commission Against Drunk Driving
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Secretary of State's Office
Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration
Substance Abuse Treatment Locator (Michigan)
Substance Abuse Treatment Locator (national)


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Mayor-elect Eric Garcetti is preaching a gospel of civic rebirth in appearances across Los Angeles while gently lowering expectations about how much City Hall, and he himself, can do to bring about change.
In a city of 4 million, "I can't be everywhere, I won't be everywhere and do a good job," Garcetti told a crowd of about 250 at Cal State Northridge on Wednesday, one in a series of "Back to Basics" forums in the weeks before he replaces outgoing Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa on July 1.
An earlier version of this article said that Pat Pope voted for Wendy Greuel. He did not.
After a campaign filled with promises of change, Garcetti is telling audiences that his administration will be engaged and visible in neighborhoods and that he will focus on bringing them jobs, restoring services and making City Hall a more user-friendly place.
But he's also warning Angelenos that addressing those challenges, as well as chronic ills such as clogged freeways and underperforming schools, will take sustained and cooperative efforts.


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Plan your visit, purchase tickets, and login via email, Facebook, or Twitter to create a personalized experience from the Hersheypark Mobile App. Also, don't forget to turn on your notifications to receive special offers and alerts!
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Big 12 Campus Correspondent
Adjusting to the pace of college athletics can be difficult for any incoming freshman. Most will take a full season to finally be able to keep up with the step-up in competition. But for Kansas State freshman tennis player Petra Niedermayerova it was never a big deal. She has stepped into the limelight in Manhattan. She has already left her mark in the record books and still has three more years to add to her legacy.
Hailing from Brno, Czech Republic, Niedermayerova continues a recruiting pipeline for longtime Wildcat head coach Steve Bietau. With a history of successful players from the European country, K-State always seemed to be the final destination. She is 10th player from the small Eastern European country to play for Bietau, who is in the midst of his 27th season at the school.
"I had some connections here," said Niedermayerova. "We have another Czech player on the team (Petra Chuda) and the assistant coach (Olga Klimova) comes from the Czech Republic. She comes from the same town and same tennis club as I do, so I knew her before coming here. She would always give me some papers about K-State, so I checked into it and I felt like it would be a good place for me."
Prior to coming to K-State, Niedermayerova gained a wealth of playing experience playing in her homeland. In singles play, she compiled a 162-52 record and a 92-36 record in doubles play. She was even ranked as high as 29th in the Czech Republic in her junior season. Some may think that this experience has paved the way for her successful year, but Bietau thinks the opposite.
"It has nothing to do with her coming from overseas," Bietau said. "I think it is incredible for a freshman to play the way she does. The maturity level and the things that she figures out while playing and practicing are way above what you typically see in college tennis."
Heading into the season, the Wildcats were looking to build off of a strong 2010 campaign.
"We did the appropriate preparation in the fall semester to get ready for the season," said Niedermayerova. "We did a lot of conditioning, we practiced, and we improved our technique on the court, so I think the preparations from last semester contributed to the success that I have had this season. It was not just my successes, it was the whole team's because we beat Baylor, which was an incredibly success, not just for us, but for everybody who knows Big 12 tennis."
The start of her historic season began with an upset of Georgia's Nadja Gilchrist, who was ranked #67 in the nation at the time. That win would be the launching-point as Niedermayerova would go on to finish the season with a record of 24-9.
"This season was very promising from the beginning; the first two tournaments," said Niedermayerova. "I played some good matches and I won against ranked opponents, in Georgia and Iowa for example. I was excited to start Big 12 play and to see if I could keep up with those results and it ended up well. I won a majority of the matches, so the whole season was very consistent on a high level."
Bietau has been impressed with the work ethic that Niedermayerova has brought to the K-State tennis program, so he is not surprised with the success the she has had.
"It is a combination of maturity and a lot of things that she learned before she got here," said Bietau. "It is interesting during the year where she will be playing somebody who is pretty good and it looks like they are having a bad day. But then she will be playing somebody else who is good that looks like they are having a bad day and you start to see this pattern develop and you realized that there are things about her that make her special, but they are not really obvious things."
Coaches preach that you play like you practice. In the case of Niedermayerova, that is not the case. In fact, it is the complete opposite for her and Bietau notices it in practice.
"It is interesting when you watch practice; whoever is practicing with her is usually practicing better," said Bietau. "I have had various people who know tennis come to practice and try to figure out who our best player is and watching them hit and warm-up, it is not obvious. But when she gets in the matches, things are different. She does not waste opportunities. She does not give you any easy points, you have to work for points and the process of doing that over and over again just wears on her opponents. She is just a very smart player."
Niedermayerova has placed her name in K-State history with her successful first year. She finished as the Big 12 champion at the No. 1 singles position with a 9-2 record, which is a first for the school. Her winning percentage of .727 ranks third in school history. She also qualified for the NCAA Championships for singles competition and is the first Wildcat to make the field in nine years.
Not only has she accomplished a number of first for K-State, she has also garnered national accolades. She was named Big 12 Player of the Year and Freshman of the Year. She is only the second student-athlete to earn those honors. The only other athlete was Baylor's Zuzana Zemenova in 2005. She was also named the ITA Central Region Rookie of the Year.
No matter how she finishes at the NCAA Championships, Niedermayerova has already had the best season in recent K-State history. She has added many personal awards to her collection and will look to continue her winning ways next season. She may have caught everyone off guard this year, but next year everyone will know who she is and the level of competition that she competes at. She welcomes the challenge with open arms.


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From Peru to Morocco: victims of Brussels carnage
Latest update : 2016-03-24
The names and nationalities of people killed or injured in Tuesday's devastating bomb attacks in Brussels are beginning to emerge, pointing to a diversity of origins that reflects the cosmopolitan nature of the attackers' target.
According to a provisional toll provided by the Belgian health ministry, 31 people were killed and 270 were injured in the triple bomb attacks – though officials caution that the scale of the devastation means more casualties may yet be unaccounted for.
Officers from the Belgian federal police's disaster victim identification team are still working at the sites of the attacks at Brussels airport and a metro station, poring over the remains in a grisly process to identify the casualties.
Belgian Foreign Minister Didier Reynders told Belgian television RTBF that there were around 40 nationalities among the dead and wounded.
They included citizens of Britain, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Portugal and the United States, as well as three to four staff from the European Union's executive arm, the European Commission.
The broad range of nationalities reflects the cosmopolitan nature of Brussels – home to many migrants to Belgium as well as numerous international institutions, chief among them the headquarters of the 28-nation EU.
'They took away everything'
Among the first fatalities to be named was a Peruvian woman, Adelma Marina Tapia Ruiz, 37, who had been living in Belgium for six years and was travelling with her family to New York to meet up with two sisters who live in the United States.
Her Belgian husband, Christophe Delcambe, had taken their twin girls out of the check-in line to play for a moment when a loud explosion ripped through the concourse. One daughter was struck in the arm by shrapnel and is being treated in a local hospital.
The daughters were the love of Tapia's life, her brother Fernando Tapia told AP. After getting married, the couple had difficulty getting pregnant so they travelled several times to the Amazonian jungle in Peru, where Tapia is from, to seek out medicinal plants to help start a family.
"They never lost hope," Fernando Tapia said.
Tapia was politically active, and earlier this month participated in Brussels in a march to commemorate International Women's Day, one of whose aims was to draw attention to the plight of thousands of women refugees arriving in Europe from Syria and other war-torn nations.
Belgium holds minute of silence day after attacks
A Moroccan woman was also killed in a third blast at a metro train at a station close to the European Union's institutional hub, according to the Moroccan news agency MAP.
'Victims of barbaric acts'
A 20-year-old Belgian student, Léopold Hecht, was gravely wounded in the bombing at Maelbeek subway station and died later of his injuries.
Pierre Jadoul, the rector of the Saint-Louis University where Hecht was studying law, announced his death on the school's Facebook page. "[Hecht] was one of the victims of the barbaric acts carried out on March 22 at the Maelbeek metro station," he wrote.
"There are no words to describe our dismay at this news," he said in a letter to students.
Classmates lit candles and left flowers outside the university in memory of Hecht, whose Facebook profile includes pictures of a smiling young man on the ski slopes and in the great outdoors.
French Prime Minister Manuel Valls on Wednesday said ten French nationals had been injured, four of them seriously.
In London, Downing Street said one British national was missing and four were injured, three of whom were being treated in hospital.
Officials in Berlin have spoken of several German nationals among the wounded, including at least one severely injured.
A representative of the German foreign ministry said it could not rule out German fatalities in the attacks.
Missionary casualty also in Paris, Boston attacks
A dozen Americans were wounded in the attacks and "a number" remain unaccounted for including US government employees, the State Department said on Wednesday.
Mason Wells, 19, was one of three US missionaries from Utah who were seriously wounded in the blasts at the airport, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints said in a statement.
US media reports said that in a dark twist of fate, Wells had a similarly close call three years ago while in Boston accompanying his mother who was running the marathon.
The event was the target of a terror attack that killed three and wounded scores more.
NBC News, quoting Wells' family, said he was also in Paris last November when the French capital was rocked by a series of attacks.
Wells "has burns to his hands and legs and some to his face," a family friend, Lloyd Coleman, told Utah's Deseret News daily.
'You need to continue with your life'
The US Air Force said one of its service members and several of his relatives were also injured.
Basketball player Sebastien Bellin, who was pictured lying on the airport floor covered in blood, has had surgery, his father, Jean Bellin, told CNN.
"He is obviously stunned. The first words out of his mouth were 'You wouldn't believe the carnage I saw around'," the father said.
(FRANCE 24 with AFP, AP)
Date created : 2016-03-23


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House of Commons
Session 2013-14
Publications on the internet
The Register of Members' Financial Interests: Part 1
As at 27th August 2013
MacLEOD, Mary (Brentford and Isleworth)
4. Sponsorships
(b) Support in the capacity as an MP:
Name of donor: British Airways Plc
Address of donor: Waterside, PO Box 365, Harmondsworth, London UB7 0GB
Amount of donation or nature and value if donation in kind: £1,750, sponsorship for The Hounslow Volunteering Awards organized by the MP.
Date of receipt: 20 August 2012
Date of acceptance: 20 August 2012
Donor status: company registration no. 01777777
(Registered 21 August 2012)
Name of donor: Barclays Bank PLC
Address of donor: 1 Churchill Place, London E14 5HP
Amount of donation: £2,500; sponsorship for cross-party event: Women on Boards Leadership Forum
Date of receipt: 14 December 2012
Date of acceptance: 14 December 2012
Donor status: company no 1026167
(Registered 24 December 2012)
Name of donor: LHR Airports Ltd
Address of donor: LHR Airports Limited, The Compass Centre, Nelson Road, Hounslow, Middlesex TW6 2GW
Amount of donation: £5,000; sponsorship for local community project: 2013 Jobs and Apprenticeships Fair
Date of receipt: 24 December 2012
Date of acceptance: 24 December 2012
Donor status: company no 1970855
(Registered 24 December 2012)
Name of donor: Mr Michael Farmer
Address of donor: private
Amount of donation or nature and value if donation in kind: £2,000
Date of receipt: 14 January 2013
Date of acceptance: 16 January 2013
Donor status: individual
(Registered 17 January 2013)
Name of donor: Heathrow Airport Holdings Limited
Address of donor: The Compass Centre, Nelson Road, Hounslow, Middlesex TW6 2GW
Amount of donation or nature and value if donation in kind: £5,000; sponsorship to meet costs and expenses of local community project organised by the MP
Date of receipt: 29 April 2013
Date of acceptance: 30 April 2013
Donor status: company, registration 05757208
(Registered 13 May 2013)
Name of donor: Microsoft Limited
Address of donor: Microsoft Campus, Thames Valley Business Park, Reading, RG6 1WG
Amount of donation: £18,148.65 ; sponsorship for the Executive Women in the Workplace Inquiry report, which I co-authored with another Member.
Date of receipt: 17 July 2013
Date of acceptance: 17 July 2013
Donor status: company registration 01624297
(Registered 24 July 2013; updated 1 August 2013 )


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The majority of the interstellar gas and dust that we see was produced by star death.
Interstellar material also comes from stars which are still undergoing stable fusion reactions. Our own sun sends out streams of particles and radiation -- the solar wind -- that interact with particles flowing into our solar system. Given that all stable stars also produce a similar "wind", a substantial portion of the interstellar medium can be accounted for in this way. Clouds of interstellar dust have accreted (clumped together) over millions of years. This dust is a varied mix of compounds and elements; some interstellar clouds even contain organic molecules like acetylene and acetaldehyde, known precursors of amino acids. The atoms needed to create these clouds of molecules have generally come from past supernovae.
Many of the denser clouds become stellar nurseries
we are all made of stardust.
About 10 million years ago, a cluster of supernovas exploded nearby, creating a giant bubble of million-degree gas. The Fluff is completely surrounded by this high-pressure supernova exhaust and should be crushed or dispersed by it.
Changes in the sun's galactic environment, moderate or otherwise, must have taken place in the past. Indeed there is evidence on earth suggesting that the local galactic environment has not been stable. Ice-core samples from the Antarctic show spikes in the concentration of beryllium-10 (which has a half-life of 1.5 million years) during two events, one about 60,000 years ago and another about 33,000 years ago. What events could have caused these sudden increases in beryllium?
These isotopes are created when intense radiation hits the atoms in the upper atmosphere, suggesting that a blast of energy had once hit our planet from space.
Tazmanian devils, turtles, whales, sea lions, dolphins and fish are some of the species shown in the study to be suffering from elevated rates of cancer, in some cases threatening the very survival of the species.
In some cases, cancers could threaten populations by preventing reproduction in addition to killing individuals. Sea lions found off of California suffer widespread metastasizing genital carcinomas which prevent them from mating. Rarely seen before the 1980's, such cancers were found in over 18% of sea lions washed up on California beaches. In a separate study of sea lions killed during an unusual algal bloom, 6.3% were found to have cancer. Fortunately, sea lion populations have been growing in spite of the simultaneous increase in observed cancers. Ocean-going dolphins are also showing increased rates of genital cancers.
Cancer remains a leading killer of pets and people and it's incidence has grown from a rate of approximately 1 out of every 500 individuals being affected in the year 1900 to a rate of 1 out of every 3 people and one out of every 5 pets (dogs and cats) being affected with cancer today.
Beryllium-7 is a naturally occurring gamma-emitting radionuclide which is produced during cosmic ray interactions with nitrogen and oxygen in the upper atmosphere.
Chilton Be-7 in 2009 rain ranges between 0.31 ± 0.17 and 2.41 ± 0.59 Bq l-1 for June, this elevated June result of 2.41 ± 0.59 Bq l-1 is more than double the 10-year mean and above the significance value. At present, there is no explanation for this anomalous result although analytical data have been verified.
These allow the air to flow around in a grand circle meaning birds can have fresh oxygen rich air in their lungs all the time
"For the last few decades, space scientists have generally accepted that the bubble of gas and magnetic fields generated by the sun – known as the heliosphere – moves through space, creating three distinct boundary layers that culminate in an outermost bow shock. This shock is similar to the sonic boom created ahead of a supersonic jet. Earth itself certainly has one of these bow shocks on the sunward side of its magnetic environment, as do most other planets and many stars. A collection of new data from NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), however, now indicate that the sun does not have a bow shock."
"We've seen one after another signature of a very strong magnetic field in the galactic environment," says Nathan Schwadron, a space scientist at the University of New Hampshire in Durham who is one of the authors on the paper. "That magnetic field influences the structure of the heliosphere and the boundaries themselves. That leads to a whole new paradigm."
," The heliosphere's boundaries lie roughly 10 billion miles away from Earth, but are nonetheless crucial for understanding our place in the universe. Indeed, the heliopause provides some protection for our solar system from the harsh, radiation environment surrounding it."
"Changes in the pressure or magnetic field of the local interstellar cloud could also cause the boundary locations to move. The scale length for changes in the local interstellar cloud is not known. The Sun is very near the local interstellar cloud boundary and will cross into another interstellar medium environment in a few thousand years, and scale lengths for variations may be smaller near this boundary"
"Now IBEX has surprised astronomers by showing that this force field-like structure, the heliosphere, is an unexpectedly dynamic, unpredictable boundary."If we've learned anything from IBEX so far, it is that the models that we're using for interaction of the solar wind with the galaxy were just dead wrong,"
"Sun's protective 'bubble' is shrinking.The protective bubble around the sun that helps to shield the Earth from harmful interstellar radiation is shrinking and getting weaker, Nasa scientists have warned."
In a briefing today at NASA headquarters, solar physicists announced that the solar wind is losing power."The average pressure of the solar wind has dropped more than 20% since the mid-1990s," says Dave McComas of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas. "This is the weakest it's been since we began monitoring solar wind almost 50 years ago."
"The solar wind is 13% cooler and 20% less dense." "What we're seeing is a long term trend, a steady decrease in pressure that began sometime in the mid-1990s," explains Arik Posner, NASA's Ulysses Program Scientist in Washington DC.
It's hard to say. We've only been monitoring solar wind since the early years of the Space Age—from the early 60s to the present," says Posner. "Over that period of time, it's unique. How the event stands out over centuries or millennia, however, is anybody's guess. We don't have data going back that far." Flagging solar wind has repercussions across the entire solar system—beginning with the heliosphere."
Every planet from Mercury to Pluto and beyond is inside it. The heliosphere is our solar system's first line of defense against galactic cosmic rays. High-energy particles from black holes and supernovas try to enter the solar system, but most are deflected by the heliosphere's magnetic fields."
The solar wind isn't inflating the heliosphere as much as it used to," says McComas. "That means less shielding against cosmic rays."In addition to weakened solar wind, "Ulysses also finds that the sun's underlying magnetic field has weakened by more than 30% since the mid-1990s," says Posner. "This reduces natural shielding even more."
there are controversial studies linking cosmic ray fluxes to cloudiness and climate change on Earth
The cause of the surge is solar minimum, a deep lull in solar activity that began around 2007 and continues today. Researchers have long known that cosmic rays go up when solar activity goes down. Right now solar activity is as weak as it has been in modern times, setting the stage for what Mewaldt calls "a perfect storm of cosmic rays." "We're experiencing the deepest solar minimum in nearly a century," says Dean Pesnell of the Goddard Space Flight Center, "so it is no surprise that cosmic rays are at record levels for the Space Age."
Mewaldt lists three aspects of the current solar minimum that are combining to create the perfect storm: 1. The sun's magnetic field is weak. "There has been a sharp decline in the sun's interplanetary magnetic field down to 4 nT (nanoTesla) from typical values of 6 to 8 nT," he says. "This record-low interplanetary magnetic field undoubtedly contributes to the record-high cosmic ray fluxes." [data] 2. The solar wind is flagging. "Measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft show that solar wind pressure is at a 50-year low," he continues, "so the magnetic bubble that protects the solar system is not being inflated as much as usual." A smaller bubble gives cosmic rays a shorter-shot into the solar system. Once a cosmic ray enters the solar system, it must "swim upstream" against the solar wind. Solar wind speeds have dropped to very low levels in 2008 and 2009, making it easier than usual for a cosmic ray to proceed. [data]
3. The current sheet is flattening. Imagine the sun wearing a ballerina's skirt as wide as the entire solar system with an electrical current flowing along its wavy folds. It's real, and it's called the "heliospheric current sheet," a vast transition zone where the polarity of the sun's magnetic field changes from plus to minus. The current sheet is important because cosmic rays are guided by its folds. Lately, the current sheet has been flattening itself out, allowing cosmic rays more direct access to the inner solar system."
Hundreds of years ago, cosmic ray fluxes were at least 200% to 300% higher than anything measured during the Space Age. Researchers know this because when cosmic rays hit the atmosphere, they produce an isotope of beryllium, 10Be, which is preserved in polar ice."
Now IBEX has surprised astronomers by showing that this force field-like structure, the heliosphere, is an unexpectedly dynamic, unpredictable boundary."If we've learned anything from IBEX so far, it is that the models that we're using for interaction of the solar wind with the galaxy were just dead wrong,"
According to Svensmark, cosmic rays seed low-lying clouds that reflect some of the Sun's radiation back into space, and the number of cosmic rays reaching the Earth is dependent on the strength of the solar magnetic field. When this magnetic field is stronger (as evidenced by larger numbers of sunspots), more of the rays are deflected, fewer clouds are formed and so the Earth heats up; whereas when the field is weaker, the Earth cools down."
Interestingly we were able to observe different kinds of new particle formation events. A few of the events appear to be related to ion-induced nucleation or ion-ion recombination to form stable neutral clusters. In these cases, a small but significant fraction of new particle formation could be explained by ion processes"
"ESA's quartet of satellites studying Earth's magnetosphere, Cluster, has discovered that our protective magnetic bubble lets the solar wind in under a wider range of conditions than previously believed." www.esa.int...
This interstellar cloud has been given a variety of names by the scientific community such as Local Fluff and 'G Cloud' but the metaphysical community have referred to this as an 'Etheric' cloud and more recently it has been acknowledged as the arrival of primordial 'Adamantine' particles. It is widely accepted by those who understand the implications, that it is the arrival of this interstellar molecular cloud that has been effecting the sun in the last few decades as the sun has passed through into the outermost tenuous regions of this cloud, populated with more dense filaments of plasma. It is fair to say that astronomers are not able to judge accurately astronomical distances in space, or distinguish the arrival of a moderately dense, but still not inconsequential cloudlet, hence over the last 30 years or so, the estimated time of arrival of a dense interstellar cloud has been stated to be up to 50,000 years. Therefore, there has been confusion because it seems that a cloudlet has arrived and some astronomers believe we entered the tenuous outer edges of a moderately dense cloud in the early 1990s. The arrival of an interstellar cloud of dense dusty plasma or an 'etheric cloud' is understood to be the most significant driver for massive evolutionary change within our solar system. The following quote from a metaphysical source indicates that the astronomical community had been aware for many decades that our solar system was being approached by an interstellar molecular cloud but from a metaphysical viewpoint, humanity must expect there to be significant consequences for the spiritual evolution of mankind." www.susanrennison.com...
A recent research by the Radio Astronomy Centre, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) has found that there has been a steady weakening of the Sun's magnetic field and its associated solar wind in the interplanetary space. According to the study, these changes can have a greater impact on the earth's atmosphere than previously thought. If such a steady weakening of the Sun's magnetic energy continues for one or two solar cycles, it may lead to a 'mini'-ice age kind of situation, similar to that which occurred in the 17th Century, states the study
space.mit.edu... "A strong, highly-tilted interstellar magnetic field near the Solar System" M. Opher, F. Alouani Bibi, G. Toth, J. D. Richardson, V. V. Izmodenov, T. I. Gombosi "Magnetic fields play an important (sometimes dominant) role in the evolution of gas clouds in the Galaxy, but the strength and orientation of the field in the interstellar medium near the heliosphere has been poorly constrained." "We conclude that the interstellar medium field is turbulent or has a distortion in the solar vicinity."
Researcher and author Marshall Klarfeld discussed the ancient Researcher Robert Felix spoke about climate and the possibility we could be heading into an ice age. According to a study, the Himalayas have lost no ice in the last 10 years, and glaciers are growing in areas such as Mount Everest, he noted. Ice age cycles occur around every 11,500 years, and one sign that one is impending is increased volcanic activity, particularly underwater, he stated.
Two vulcanologists published a paper in 2008 suggesting that as climate change continues, the next decades could see more volcanic activity in regions such as Iceland that are now under ice. Read more at cleantechnica.com...
Based on readings from more than 30,000 measuring stations, the data was issued last week without fanfare by the Met Office and the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit. It confirms that the rising trend in world temperatures ended in 1997.
The evidence linking space weather and terrestrial weather is growing. The idea here is that cosmic rays can ionise dust particles, which then attract water vapor triggering the formation of clouds.
During the time it takes you to read this article, something will happen high overhead that until recently many scientists didn't believe in. A magnetic portal will open, linking Earth to the sun 93 million miles away. Tons of high-energy particles may flow through the opening before it closes again, around the time you reach the end of the page. "It's called a flux transfer event or 'FTE,'" says space physicist David Sibeck of the Goddard Space Flight Center. "Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible."
"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could trickle into the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," says Sibeck. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often brief, bursty and very dynamic."
There are many unanswered questions: Why do the portals form every 8 minutes? How do magnetic fields inside the cylinder twist and coil? "We're doing some heavy thinking about this at the Workshop," says Sibeck. Meanwhile, high above your head, a new portal is opening, connecting your planet to the sun.
sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov... six images from SDO, chosen to show a representative image about every six months, track the rising level of solar activity since the mission first began to produce consistent images in May, 2010. The period of solar maximum is expected in 2013. The images were taken in the 171 Angstrom wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light.
Raymond Bradley of UMass, who has studied historical records of solar activity imprinted by radioisotopes in tree rings and ice cores, says that regional rainfall seems to be more affected than temperature. "If there is indeed a solar effect on climate, it is manifested by changes in general circulation rather than in a direct temperature signal." This fits in with the conclusion of the IPCC and previous NRC reports that solar variability is NOT the cause of global warming over the last 50 years. Much has been made of the probable connection between the Maunder Minimum, a 70-year deficit of sunspots in the late 17th-early 18th century, and the coldest part of the Little Ice Age, during which Europe and North America were subjected to bitterly cold winters. The mechanism for that regional cooling could have been a drop in the sun's EUV output; this is, however, speculative.
Indeed, the sun could be on the threshold of a mini-Maunder event right now. Ongoing Solar Cycle 24 is the weakest in more than 50 years. Moreover, there is (controversial) evidence of a long-term weakening trend in the magnetic field strength of sunspots. Matt Penn and William Livingston of the National Solar Observatory predict that by the time Solar Cycle 25 arrives, magnetic fields on the sun will be so weak that few if any sunspots will be formed. Independent lines of research involving helioseismology and surface polar fields tend to support their conclusion. (Note: Penn and Livingston were not participants at the NRC workshop.) "If the sun really is entering an unfamiliar phase of the solar cycle, then we must redouble our efforts to understand the sun-climate link," notes Lika Guhathakurta of NASA's Living with a Star Program, which helped fund the NRC study. "The report offers some good ideas for how to get started."
A radiometric imager, deployed on some future space observatory, would allow researchers to develop the understanding they need to project the sun-climate link into a future of prolonged spotlessness. Some attendees stressed the need to put sun-climate data in standard formats and make them widely available for multidisciplinary study. Because the mechanisms for the sun's influence on climate are complicated, researchers from many fields will have to work together to successfully model them and compare competing results. Continued and improved collaboration between NASA, NOAA and the NSF are keys to this process. Hal Maring, a climate scientist at NASA headquarters who has studied the report, notes that "lots of interesting possibilities were suggested by the panelists. However, few, if any, have been quantified to the point that we can definitively assess their impact on climate." Hardening the possibilities into concrete, physically-complete models is a key challenge for the researchers.
Cloud edges are interesting properties of the ISM that are difficult to study, and the Sun is near a cloud edge
The LIC belongs to an ISM flow (the cluster of local interstellar clouds, CLIC) with an upwind direction in the local standard of rest (LSR) that is within 15 degrees of the center of the S1 shell, directed towards the center of the Loop I superbubble [5, 37]. The properties of the edge of the LIC depend on the adjacent ISM. The CLIC is embedded in the hot Local Bubble plasma. Since neutral gas fills 25%–40% of the sightlines towards nearby stars, or less if clouds consist of randomly distributed uniform spherical objects, the LIC may be bounded by million degree tenuous plasma. For this scenario, the LIC edge may consist either of a hot evaporative conductive interface, or of a turbulent mixing layer [5]. Both phenomena disrupt the velocities disrupt cloud edges
The CLIC is decelerating. This property is shown by the velocity distribution of clouds in the flow, some of which are accelerated towards the Sun, relative to the mean flow velocity, in both the upwind and downwind directions [5, 37]. In a decelerating flow, velocities in cloud boundary regions may be disrupted by collisions between clouds that create density enhancements similar to the Leo clouds discussed in Meyer et al. [10], or by other instabilities.Fluctuations in interstellar electron densities are identified over scales of ∼ 10 4km through 10 AU by their effect on radio wave propagation [38]. Radio scintillation data showing that electron scattering screens are present within 10 pc has been interpreted to indicate the presence of local cloud collisions [39]"
"Based on the trend for the ecliptic longitude of the LIC velocity vector to increase with time, it should be considered a real possibility that the Sun has sampled turbulence in the LIC velocity over the past several decades
There is no information about the scale size of the turbulence in the LIC, so according to these arguments, a plausible case can be made that this nominal 4.6 km s−1 turbulent component samples turbulence in the ISM between the Sun and the upwind edge of the LIC. In such a case, a systematic variation in the flow direction is possible."
Three sets of data suggest that the Sun is in a fragment of the shell of the Loop I superbubble: (1) The Loop I model of Wolleben [55, 56] identifies two radio continuum shells (called "S1" and "S2") at different distances and locations. The Sun is located in the rim of the S1 shell according to his model, a result that agrees with prior estimates of the Loop I configuration [57]. (2) Interstellar clouds within about 20 pc of the Sun, e.g. the CLIC, have a bulk velocity in the LSR that is within 15◦ of the center of the S1 shell, suggesting a dynamical expanding shell configuration [56, 5]"
In conclusion, there are many astronomical justifications for the hypothesis that the very local ISM varies over spatial scales comparable to the heliosphere dimensions. After all, the heliosphere, as well as other stars [58], disrupt the ISM and the ISMF over thousand-AU spatial scales"
If the Sun is in such a shell, it should be apparent in both the local interstellar magnetic field and the distribution of nearby interstellar material. The properties of these subshells are compared to the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) and the distribution of interstellar Fe + and Ca + within ∼ 55 pc of the Sun. Although the results are not conclusive, the ISMF direction obtained from polarized stars within ∼ 30 pc is consistent with the ISMF direction of the S1 shell. The distribution of nearby interstellar Fe + with log N(Fe + )< 12.5 cm−2 is described equally well by a uniform distribution or an origin in spherical shell-like features. Higher column densities of Fe + (log N(Fe + )> 12.5 cm−2 ) tend to be better described by the pathlength of the sightline through the S1 and S2 subshells.
The location of the Sun in the rim of the Loop I superbubble has been inferred from radio continuum data, kinematical data on the flow of local ISM away from the center of Loop I, data on gas-phase abundances in local ISM, and the coincidence of the velocity of ISM inside and outside of the heliosphere. Loop I is an evolved superbubble shell formed from stellar evolution in a subgroup of the Sco-Cen association, ∼ 4 − 5 Myrs ago (e.g. de Geus 1992; Frisch 1995, 1996; Ma´ız-Apell´aniz 2001). Both the original dimensions found for the Loop I bubble observed in 820 MHz (Berkhuijsen 1973), and more recent studies of Heiles (1998a,b, H98a,H98b) and Wolleben (2007), place the Sun in or adjacent to the rim of a magnetic superbubble shell for an assumed spherical geometry.
Both the kinematics and abundance pattern of local interstellar material (LISM) suggest that the Loop I remnant has expanded to the solar location (Frisch 1981). LISM abundances of the refractory elements Mg, Fe, and Ca, show the characteristic enhancement indicative of grain destruction in interstellar shocks (Frisch et al. 1999).
The evolved shell is thicker near the ISMF equatorial regions, where field strengths are larger due to flux freezing, than the polar regions of the shell where thermal pressure provides the main support for the shell. In media where magnetic pressure is weak, e.g. the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure β > 10, the evolved bubble is more symmetric. Supernovae in Sco-Cen Association subgroups have contributed to the3 evolution of the Loop I superbubble during the past ≤ 14 Myrs. The Loop I superbubble (and S1, S2) expanded in a medium with a density gradient, because the initial supernova occurred in the molecular regions of the parent Scorpius-Centaurus Association subgroups, while the subsequent bubble expansion occurred in the low density interior of the Local Bubble cavity (Frisch 1981, 1995; Fuchs et al. 2006). In this case the external plasma β may have varied irregularly across the expanding shell, so that the topology of the present day S1 and S2 shells may deviate from axial symmetry as well as sphericity. The ISMF direction at the heliosphere provides the most direct measure of whether the Sun is embedded in the shell of the Loop I superbubble. Several phenomena trace the field direction – the weak polarization of light from nearby stars (Tinbergen 1982; Frisch 2007a, hereafter F07), the flield direction in the S1 subshell of Loop I (Wolleben 2007), the 3 kHz emissions from the outer heliosheath detected by the two Voyager satellites (Gurnett et al. 2006, F07), the observed angular offset between interstellar H o and He o flowing into the heliosphere (Lallement et al. 2005; Pogorelov & Zank 2006; Opher et al. 2007), and the 10 pc difference between the distances of the solar wind termination shock detected by the two Voyager satellites (e.g. Stone 2008). The orientation of the plane midway between the hot and cold dipole moments of the cosmic microwave background is also within ∼ 15 ◦ of the local ISMF direction (F07). 1
Cosmic rays pour down on Earth like a constant rain.
Cosmic rays are mostly high-energy protons, with some electrons, positrons and heavy nuclei mixed in. Their energies range over 14 orders of magnitude, with the most energetic cosmic rays flaunting a billion times more energy than is possible in man-made particle accelerators on Earth.
At present, the average human receives the equivalent of about 10 chest X-rays per year from cosmic rays.
"The increase in ultraviolet light is extremely damaging, and might be especially lethal to single-celled organisms," says Adrian Melott of the University of Kansas.
At sea level, the majority of cosmic ray secondaries are highly penetrating muons. About 10,000 muons pass through our bodies every minute. Some of these muons will ionize molecules as they go through our flesh, occasionally leading to genetic mutations that may be harmful.
In a similar vein, Melott and his colleagues found a possible link between the bobbing of our Sun up and down in the galactic plane and a 63-million-year cycle in fossil biodiversity. The hypothesis is that our solar system is exposed to more cosmic rays every time the solar system peaks out of one side of the galaxy.
"No one has calculated the full effects on the ground," he says.
In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare[1]) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus. The main story told about Icarus is his attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun, and the melting wax caused him to fall into the sea where he drowned. The myth shares thematic similarities with that of Phaëton—both are usually taken as tragic examples of hubris or failed ambition—and is often depicted in art. Today, the Hellenic Air Force Academy is named after Icarus, who is seen as the mythical pioneer in Greece's attempt to conquer the skies. The Lament for Icarus by H. J. Draper Icarus's father Daedalus, a talented and remarkable Athenian craftsman, built the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete near his palace at Knossos to imprison the Minotaur, a half-man, half-bull monster born of his wife and the Cretan bull. Minos imprisoned Daedalus himself in the labyrinth because he gave Minos' daughter, Ariadne, a clew[2] (or ball of string) in order to help Theseus, the enemy of Minos, to survive the Labyrinth and defeat the Minotaur.en.wikipedia.org...
Day 1 of the event began with astronaut Jan Davis discussing some of her experiences as an astronaut, and showing support for interstellar flight. Her last slide encouraged the community to continue research on breakthrough propulsion, which I found encouraging. We were treated to a number of excellent talks including a 15 year olds discovery of a Gamma Ray Burst through the use of his personal Geiger counter, Kelvin Long discussing starship designs, and the i4is, and a particularly interesting talk by Sam Lightfoot. Sam's work examines how certain technologies, if 'gifted' to a culture from a more advanced culture, can have particularly negative ramifications on the less advanced culture. He gave the examples of spam, iron axes, snowmobiles, tobacco and chocolate, and several other seemingly innocuous technologies which had dramatically negative effects on the culture to which they were given.
The internal structure of these clouds is also of potential importance for interstellar mission design
. Information on spatial structure can be obtained by comparing the interstellar spectra of stars that are close together on the sky, or by observing temporal changes in the interstellar spectrum of a single star as the relative motions of the Sun and star cause the line-of-sight to probe different regions of the cloud. For denser, more distant, interstellar clouds there is now considerable evidence for significant density and/or ionisation structure on scales of tens or hundreds of astronomical units [21], which could be a potential problem for interstellar space vehicles passing through them
I review those properties of the interstellar medium within 15 light-years of the Sun, which will be relevant for the planning of future rapid (vZ0.1c) interstellar space missions to the nearest stars. As the detailed properties of the local interstellar medium (LISM) may only become apparent after interstellar probes have been able to make in situ measurements, the first such probes will have to be designed conservatively with respect to what can be learned about the LISM from the immediate environment of the Solar System
but the highest plausible densities when considering possible damage caused by the impact of the vehicle with interstellar material
Properties of the LISM which may impact on the design of an interstellar space vehicle such as Icarus include: The density of the interstellar gas along the proposed trajectory. The ionisation state of the gas. The density and size distribution of solid interstellar dust grains. The strength of the interstellar magnetic field.
The LIC is only one of a several broadly similar interstellar clouds within a few light-years of the Sun: Redfield and Linsky [13] identify six within 15 light-years (4.6 parsecs). These clouds are immersed in the empty (nHEne0.005 cm3 ), ionised, and probably hot (T10 6 K; but see [16] for an alternative view) Local Bubble (LB) in the interstellar medium [11,17]. The LB extends for about 60–100 parsecs from the Sun in the galactic plane before denser interstellar clouds are encountered, while at high galactic latitudes the LB appears to be open, forming a chimney-like structure in the interstellar medium, which extends into the galactic halo (e.g. [18] and references cited therein)
still supported by a number of observations and arguments [17], the presence of a 10 6 K plasma immediately surrounding the local clouds has recently been questioned. In response, Welsh and Shelton [16] have tentatively put forward an alternative model in which the LISM clouds are surrounded by a cooler (T20,000 K), denser (ne0.04 cm3 ), photo-ionised gas
The properties of the LIC, and other nearby clouds, have been determined by spectroscopic studies of interstellar absorption lines towards nearby stars, augmented in the case of the LIC by observations of interstellar matter entering the Solar System and interacting with the heliosphere (
This implies that stars are more likely to lie in low density inter-cloud (Local Bubble) material than within the clouds themselves, although there appears to be a greater concentration of clouds closer to the Sun (half of those identified lie within 5 parsecs).
Thus, although it is important to keep an open mind, current indications are that the physical properties of the LISM clouds are relatively homogeneous. Of course, ultimately, obtaining detailed knowledge of the internal structure of the local interstellar medium is one of the scientific issues that we would expect an interstellar space probe to address [
Voyager 2 measurements of the deflection of the solar wind in the heliosheath, Opher et al. [31] have recently argued that the local interstellar magnetic field strength actually lies in the range 3.7–5.5 mG which, if confirmed, would imply that the magnetic energy density dominates the overall LIC energy budget. Uncertainty remains as whether the CHISM properties represent the properties of the LIC or, as argued by Redfield and Linsky [13], the properties of a narrow transition zone between the LIC and the G clouds, and therefore an average of the two
which, in the absence of any other information, should probably be taken as the 'best guess' value for the LIC
. As already noted, these are still uncertain: the long-standing model of a hot, empty LB (nH totEneE0.005 cm3 ; TE10 6 K [11]), while probably still viable (see Shelton [17]), has recently been questioned, and it is possible that the spaces between the LISM clouds may instead be filled with a cooler (T20,000 K), higher density (nH totEneE0.04 cm3 ) medium [16].
The issue of shielding an interstellar space probe from interstellar dust grains was considered in detail in the context of the Daedalus study by Martin [34]. Martin adopted beryllium as a potential shielding material (owing to its low density and relatively high specific heat capacity) and found that several kg per square metre of this material would be eroded from exposed surfaces over the course of a six light-year flight at a speed of 0.1c (with the exact amount depending on the density of interstellar material; see his Table 6). Longer durations, and/or higher speeds, would result in greater ablation of shield material.
However, from the point of view of interstellar spacecraft design there is a potentially worrying twist: the same spacecraft instruments that have identified the mean radii of interstellar grains entering the Solar System to be 0.3 mm [27,37] have also identified a high-mass tail to the grain population, extending to at least 10 13 kg (i.e. 2 mm radius) and perhaps as high as 10 12 kg (4.5 mm radius). Allowing for these larger grains, Landgraf et al. [37] inferred a total dust mass density in the LIC (strictly the CHISM) of 6.2 10 24 kg m3 (which is actually a lower limit, as the smallest population of interstellar grains, those with radii o0.1 mm, are deflected at the heliopause and never enter the Solar System). This estimate is currently being reassessed on the basis of spacecraft data collected since the original measurements were made [27], but as of mid-2010 this value is still the best available for the local interstellar dust density (Dr. H. Kruger, personal commu- ¨ nication, 2010). It is a factor of about two higher than might be expected based on the astronomically determined grain size distribution of Mathis et al.
Even more worrying, from the point of view of interstellar spacecraft design, is the fact that the upper-bound to the size distribution of interstellar dust particles in the solar neighbourhood is not currently well constrained. Radar observations of meteors entering the Earth's atmosphere [27,38,39] appear to have identified an incoming population of very large interstellar grains, having masses 43 10 10 kg (corresponding to radii 430 mm for a silicate density).
Thus, over a six light-year (5.7 10 16 m) flight we might expect between 2 and 200 impacts per square metre with such large particles
, perfect mixing between gas and dust in these clouds may not be expected even for the small grains.With regard to the largest grains discussed above, the distance scale for coupling to the gas-phase of the interstellar medium would be hundreds or thousands of light-years [27] and no such mixing can be expected in the LISM. Rather, the fluxes of these large particles in the solar vicinity may stem directly from their source regions (whatever these may be), with negligible interaction with the low density clouds of the LISM. In the context of planning interstellar missions such as Icarus, it follows that one should not assume a significant decrease in the dust impact rate as the vehicle passes from a relatively high density medium (e.g. the LIC) into the surrounding low-density LB material.
(1) Many important properties of the LISM are still poorly defined, including the distribution of nearby clouds,their physical properties (especially density and ionisation state), the size distribution of interstellar dust
grains, and the nature of the 'inter-cloud' material, which will occupy a significant fraction of the pathlength towards many possible target stars.
(2) Given these uncertainties, it is important that the first generation of interstellar space vehicles be designed conservatively with respect to key interstellar medium properties. That is, such studies should assume the lowest likely density if considering braking devices which rely on transferring momentum from the vehicle to the surrounding medium (such as magsails [8]), but the highest plausible densities when considering possible damage caused by impact of the vehicle with interstellar material.
(3) In order to maintain flexibility with regard to the choice of target star, it would be a mistake to assume that the target will necessarily lie within one of the relatively high density LISM clouds whose properties are summarised in Table 4. This is probably a safe assumption for aCen (which appears to lie well within the G Cloud), but the situation regarding other possible target stars is uncertain
(4) In situ spacecraft detections of interstellar dust entering the Solar System imply a local interstellar dust mass density of 6.2 10 24 kg m3 [37]. This is somewhat higher than previous estimates and will have to be taken into account by the dust protection system of any quasi-relativistic (vZ0.1c) interstellar space vehicle
(5) Observations over the last decade have revealed an unexpected high-mass tail to the local interstellar grain size distribution. Individual particles with masses as high as 10 12 kg (4.5 mm radius) are almost certainly present. Moreover, radar detections of interstellar dust particles entering the Earth's atmosphere ([27] and references therein) imply a population of interstellar grains with masses 43 10 10 kg (corresponding to radii 430 mm)......a conservative planning assumption would be that particles aslarge as 100 mm radius (10 8kg), and perhaps larger, might be encountered in the course of a several lightyear journey through the LISM. The kinetic energy of such large particles striking an interstellar space vehicle with a relative velocity of 0.1c are considerable
(4.5 10 6J), and some kind of active dust detection and mitigation system may need to be considered.
Please cite this article as: I.A. Crawford, Project Icarus: A review of local interstellar medium properties of relevance for space missions to the nearest stars, Acta Astronautica (2010), doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.10.016
"Some of those cloudlets might be hundreds of times denser than the local fluff," says Priscilla Frisch, an astrophysicist at the University of Chicago who studies the local interstellar medium. "If we ran into one, it would compress the Sun's magnetic field and allow more cosmic rays to penetrate the inner solar system, with unknown effects on climate and life.
"This cloud, although low density on average, has a tremendous amount of structure to it," Frisch said. "And it is not inconsistent with our data that the Sun may eventually encounter a portion of the cloud that is a million times denser than what we're in now."
"We think the heliosphere might have been much larger before we entered the interstellar cloud," said Frisch, "but that's something we can't say for sure." "But if the solar system encountered the much denser cloud, Frisch estimates that the heliosphere could be compressed to within one or two astronomical units of the Sun, not much greater than the Earth's distance from the Sun. "There would be dramatic effects on the inner solar system," said Frisch. "It would immediately change the whole interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium." Researchers have predicted increases in the cosmic-ray flux, changes in the Earth's magnetosphere, the chemistry of the atmosphere and perhaps even the terrestrial climate."
"They hope to use the Hubble Space Telescope to answer some remaining questions that will confirm whether a dense cloud fragment does indeed lie in the upwind direction."
The primary mission of the Ulysses spacecraft was to characterize the heliosphere as a function of solar latitude. The heliosphere is the vast region of interplanetary space occupied by the Sun's atmosphere and dominated by the outflow of the solar wind. The periods of primary scientific interest is when Ulysses was at or higher than 70 degrees latitude at both the Sun's south and north poles. Ulysses launched on October 6, 1990 and in June 1994 it began a four-month observation from high latitudes of the complex forces at work in the Sun's outer atmosphere-the corona.
The stardust is embedded in the local galactic cloud through which the Sun is moving at a speed of 26 kilometres every second. As a result of this relative motion, a single dust grain takes twenty years to traverse the Solar System. Observations by the DUST experiment on board Ulysses have shown that the stream of stardust is highly affected by the Sun's magnetic field.
The pictures above show cut-aways of where interstellar dust is concentrated in the Solar System - high concentration: red/yellow, low concentration: blue/green (the planets are not shown). During solar minimum (top picture) most interstellar dust can be found above or below the Sun, while at the solar maximum (bottom picture) the dust is concentrated close to the Sun in the plane of the planets' orbits.
It is possible that the increase of stardust in the Solar System will influence the amount of extraterrestrial material that rains down to Earth.
23 September 2008: Data from the joint ESA/NASA Ulysses mission show that the Sun has reduced its output of solar wind to the lowest levels since accurate readings have become available. This current state of the Sun could reduce the natural shielding that envelops our Solar System.


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The ECTM has an extensive network of collaborators to ensure maximum quality and efficiency. It is closely collaborating with the entire network of Technical Medicine that comprises more than 50 hospitals and university medical centres throughout the Netherlands and a very wide diversity of medical specialties and academic biomedical technology groups. To complete the triangle, the ECTM is also closely cooperating with key players in the industry, in the fields of medical devices and medical simulation technologies.
Wenckebach Institute (UMCG)
The Experimental Centre for Technical Medicine and the Wenckebach skillscentre of the UMCG are collaborating in several postgraduate courses in order to maximize the quality and efficiency and to be able to cover the total training demand of the North Eastern Netherlands educational region.
Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST), Ziekenhuisgroep Twente (ZGT), Isala klinieken Zwolle (ISALA)
These hospitals located near the ECTM are the key customers of courses and training activities. They are closely involved in the development and organization of most courses. The ECTM educates nurses, clinical physicists, OR assistants, medical residents and medical specialists who are working at these institutions. Several medical professionals are involved as clinical teaching staff at the ECTM.
Dutch Society for Vascular Surgery
Since 2011, the ECTM is partner of the dutch society for vascular surgery for the organization of the annual two mandatory days of training and assessments for all residents in vascular surgery of the Netherlands, the so called CASH-3-Vascular program.
CAE healthcare (including METI)
The ECTM has a strong relation with CAE healthcare: the marketleader in the field of Medical Simulation technologies. As the ECTM covers a very big part of the CAE portfolio, and is using it in innovative and integrative ways, it is often used as a demo site by CAE.
The ECTM is one of the "luminary sites" of Simbionix in relation to their endovascular simulators and patient specific simulation software. The ECTM is actively performing research studies on the usage and application of patient specific simulation in order to enhance the quality of patient care.
Surgical Science
The ECTM is one of the 5 European Beta Test sites of Surgical Science with respect to the simulators for flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy.
Draeger Medical
The ECTM is facilitating training sessions for Draeger Medical that focus on the application of Ventilation and Patient Monitoring.
The ECTM and MIRA research groups are collaborating with Brainlab in several R&D projects. Within the ECTM, new applications are being tested and evaluated in a safe environment. In addition, the ECTM is hosting usability studies for Brainlab.
The company Advanced Neuro Technology is collaborating with the ECTM and several MIRA research groups in the development of new products and applications. The ECTM hosts several evaluation studies including experimental studies with human subjects. Additionally, the ECTM is used as a demo environment by ANT.


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Aces & Ales
3740 S. Nellis Blvd.
Las Vegas, NV 89121
(702) 436-7600
For the beer fan craving a meal with his beer, Aces & Ales is one of the most popular local spots to get a Vegas craft brew. This establishment is a London gastropub-style bar with an impressive offering of both local and out-of-the-area craft brews. Local brews gracing the Aces & Ales bottle list include Desert Dawn and Red Fox by the Joseph James Brewing Company, and visitors tend to gush about the house macaroni and cheese. This restaurant and bar is located on the east end of the Las Vegas Valley near Boulder Highway and Flamingo.
Barley's Brewery
4500 E. Sunset Road
Henderson, NV 89014
(702) 458-2739
Though this brewery is a hefty 15- to 30-minute drive for visitors who are centered near the Strip, Barley's Brewery is a spot well liked among locals for its good food and beer. Situated in Henderson, a neighboring community to Las Vegas, favorite offerings at this brewery include the Black Mountain Beer and the Red Rock Oktoberfest lager. This brewery is hailed by Henderson locals for its low food prices and quality hamburgers and salad bar, though the food service hours are more limited than the bar's around-the-clock schedule.
4178 Koval Lane
Las Vegas, NV 89109
(702) 733-8901
Located a short walk from the central part of the Las Vegas Strip, Ellis Island Casino and Brewery is a great spot to grab some totally decent inexpensive local craft beer before or after spending a bombastic night out on the town. Though this bar is best known for its low-priced craft brew, people who spend a lot of time in Las Vegas know it as one of the top spots in town for karaoke. The atmosphere at this casino and brewery is low key with interesting clientele. Favorite local brews at the bar include the stout and hefeweizen. Food offerings at this casino include a 24-hour restaurant as well as a pizza joint and BBQ restaurant that have limited hours.
Related: Top Brewpubs Serving Seasonal Beer In Las Vegas
Tenaya Creek Brewery
3101 N. Tenaya Way
Las Vegas, NV 89128
(702) 362-7335
Originally opened in the late 90s as a restaurant and brewery, the Tenaya Creek Brewery no longer serves food, but is a landmark spot for some of the most famous brews made in Las Vegas. Though many local breweries only make beer for distribution within the Las Vegas area, the Tenaya Creek Brewery can be found throughout Nevada as well as in Utah, Ohio and as far away as British Colombia, Canada. Standout favorites in its lineup of beers include the Imperial Stout with French Oak and Old Jackalope Barleywine. This north-central Las Vegas brewery is located near Cheyenne and the 95.
Big Dog's Draft House
4543 N. Rancho Drive
Las Vegas, NV 89130
(702) 645-1404
Originally called "Holy Cow!" when it began in 1993, Big Dog's Brewing Company is the oldest running brewing company in Las Vegas. Favored beers at this brewery include the Fire Dog Smoked Wheat, the Dirty Dog IPA and the Rail Dog amber. Cheese curds and beef stroganoff are popular dishes at this restaurant. Big Dog's Brewing Company is also set in the north-central area of the city and it is open 24 hours a day.


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This 64-year-old Madison Avenue stalwart boasts a network of 18,000 employees in more than 169 cities worldwide. But employees say it still feels like home. "There's a feeling of being part of the family," one employee wrote. "It's a company of real people, which is hard to find in advertising."
The firm focuses on giving clients a "360-degree" experience. Staffers work hard but have lots of reasons to enjoy it. Perks at Ogilvy's massive yet eco-friendly New York office include a coffee bar that 's open late, rooftop garden, health center (with a nurse), massage center, bike garage and shoe-shine service.


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Current Retail $5,600 Metal: 18k Yellow Gold Tested Webb, 18k Gemstones/Diamonds None Clarity: N/A Color: N/A Measurements: Finger Size - 6.25, Top Of Ring 18mm X 24mm ( 1 Inch = 25mm) Weight 20.9g Description: Pre-Owned, Good Condition
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Two armed men held up a Kansas City thrift store Monday morning.
The robbery was reported about 8:30 a.m. Monday at the Red Racks thrift store at 8026 Wornall Road.
Police said no one was injured. They reported that one of the robbers attempted to fire a shot from a semi-automatic handgun, but the weapon misfired and the bullet fell out on the floor.
Both suspects covered their faces with masks and escaped by running out the rear door of the business.
Tony Rizzo, firstname.lastname@example.com


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Harvard College Library Funds
The Rosalie Palter Cohen and Joseph Cohen M.D. Family Book Fund for Judaica
The gift of Dr. Carmel J. Cohen, Class of 1954, Babette Goodman Cohen, Lisa G. Cohen M.A. 1985, and Jonathan G. Cohen to establish a Judaica book fund in the Harvard College Library, a permanent endowment fund, the income of which is to be used in perpetuity for the acquisition of Judaica publications.


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BSNL JE Result 2016, Check Junior Engineer TTA Exam Result, Cut off Marks, Merit List 2016
BSNL Junior Engineer- JE Result 2016 : Here's good news for those candidates, who are are eagerly waiting for the BSNL JE Result 2016. The process of preparing BSNL Result 2016 for Junior Engineer, TTA post has been completed and its expected that the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) will announce the Junior Engineer (JE) written exam 2016 result shortly. Candidates who have faced the JE TTA online exam which was held on September 25 to 29, 2016 are able to check soon the BSNL Junior Engineer Result. Facility to download BSNL JE Result will be made available on the official website www.externalbsnlexam.com or www.bsnl.co.in. Check updates here for BSNL JE result 2016 expetcted date, SNL JE TTA exam result 2016, BSNL JE exam 2016 cut-offs marks, BSNL JE merit list 2016.
BSNL Junior Engineer – JE TTA Recruitment Exam 2016 Result
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) has been SNL JE TTA online exam/ test successfully on September 25 to 29, 2016. Earlier the recruitment authority released BSNL JE recruitment notification in the Month of June and invited application from intrested candidates to fill up the 2700 recruitment of Junior Engineer (JE) TTA. Huge number of candidates have attempted for the JE exam and are now searching for the, BSNL Junior Engineer exam answer key and BSNL JE result.
Check BSNL JE Result 2016
Students who have appeared in the Exam and are excited to check result, can download soon the BSNL JE Online Exam Result 2016 from the official website or through the direct link by using Roll number. The JE Result direct link will be provide here when result will be officially declared.


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Yesterday we shared the good news that you can still get hold of Titanfall in South Africa. Late last night our pre-order key turned into a preload key, which means we were able to start downloading the game through Origin so that it's ready to go for Friday's release. That download is
49.9 GB 29 GB big. Yes, the DOWNLOAD, not the installation. The massive size difference when compared to the Xbox One's 16GB has to do with the fact that the PC version uses uncompressed audio. That uncompressed audio accounts for 35 GB of data once you've installed the 49 GB game. Respawn tells Joystiq that they opted for uncompressed audio in order to compensate for dual core CPUs, which are the minimum requirement. A dual core CPU would utilise most of an entire core just to decompress that audio, so everyone gets uncompressed audio.
Bottom line: if you're picking up a digital copy of Titanfall on PC (pretty much your only option in South Africa) then you better start that download soon.


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York Photo and Snapfish offer a specific number of free printed photos after signing up on their respective websites. PhotoAffections offers limited free photo printing through its FreePrints smartphone application.Continue Reading
After creating an account on the York Photo site, users can receive 100 free 4x6 prints sent via mail. Snapfish gives 50 free 4x6 photos to new account users and also provides free online photo sharing.
The FreePrints application is available for no cost on iPhone, Android and Windows phones. The application allows free printing of 1,000 4x6 photos each year; chose and modify photos before ordering and expect delivery within a few days.Learn more about Photography


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Makita 9820-2 Sharpener
Makita designed the 9820-2 for sharpening jointer and planer blades up to 16" in length. It does that job beautifully, and the
quality of its work makes a great difference in the quality of work you can expect from your machines.
The sharpener's territory isn't limited to machine knives. Practically any hand tool in the shop can be ground and sharpened
with ease; chisels and plane irons can be jigged and ground to a perfect bevel, while carving tools, turning tools, knives or
any other tools you can think of can easily be sharpened free-hand. All your grinding and sharpening is done with no risk of
overheating an edge and drawing the tool's temper; a constant supply of water from a gravity-feed tank on the sharpener keeps
stones from clogging or glazing and tools cool through through even the most vigorous grinding.
Makita equips the sharpener with a 1000-grit wheel, a stone which provides a very good cutting edgesharper than you've
ever seen on a planer blade.
We expect routinely to turn out edges that are within a few thousandths of straight over twelve inches, with no bowing
or distortion of the knife and absolutely minimal wastage of steel. We've been able to regrind knives a good dozen times when
they'd normally last through no more than three commercial sharpenings before having to be replaced.
The 9820-2 comes equipped with a stout cast-iron blade holder that can handle practically any known make of jointer knife or
nondisposable planer knife up to about 16" long. Jointer knives are a snap, since you can put two or three of them end-to-end
in the holder and sharpen them all at once.
Our Hand Tool Jig comes with a removable 1-1/2"
roller which serves as an excellent honing guide for manual sharpening. Remove the roller, and the jig rides along the 9820-2's
tool rest, allowing easy setup for grinding and sharpening chisels and plane irons.The jig is NOT included with the sharpener
Hand tools other than chisels and plane irons can be sharpened freehand far more easily than you'd expect. Remove the tool
rest from the front of the sharpener, leaving the front 3/4 of the sharpening stone fully accessible. Show the tool to the
stone at whatever angle you need, and let the 9820-2 do all the work.
Highland Hardware User's Guide for the Makita 9820-2 PDF (67K)
Notice to residents of California: Please read our Proposition 65 warning.


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Magick Lantern's sound stage is located on the back of our lot in the heart of Atlanta's Old Fourth Ward. The stage includes full-service support for Camera, Lighting, and Grip provided by Commander Grip & Lighting and is camera-ready for a turn-key production. We also offer Production and Post Production on site.
SHOOT DAY: $1,250 / Day
PRE-LIGHT / BUILD / STRIKE DAY: $750 / Day
Contact us about special packages and rates
Normal hours are 12 hour days : 8 a.m. – 8 p.m.
Includes Green Room (for make-up and wardrobe), producer's suite, canteen, secured wardrobe storage area, and two private bathrooms.
Click HERE for our Sound Stage One Sheet for more information


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15662032, Belt kit
Please help our community — upload your photos of 15662032.
This is a belt kit, passenger seat (retractor side) (gray) (includes buckle), for Chevrolet Trucks, and GMC Trucks automobiles. It fits for 20 General Motors vehicles which were sold in the U.S. in 1992. It's a genuine General Motors part with an OEM part number 15662032. Please keep in mind that this belt kit is discontinued for the U.S. market since April 1, 2006, and is discontinued for Canada market since October 15, 2005.
This belt kit has dimensions 6.80 in × 16.50 in × 6.40 in, usually, it comes in a set of 1 item in retail packaging.
This part has a standard 12 months GM warranty on replacement parts.
This belt kit 100% fits for General Motors cars. It's made of top quality materials, it has passed not only all manufacturer's tests but also General Motors quality control and has to endure rough road conditions over a long time.
In spite of higher price of genuine parts buying this belt kit will be a smart decision because you will be absolutely sure that it will serve you longer and will provide maximum safety and performance for your car.
Part 15662032 has been superseded
- 15662032 is discontinued since April 1, 2006 for the U.S. market;
- 15662032 is discontinued since October 15, 2005 for Canada market.
Browse to find other vehicles 15662032 belt kit fits
Parts related to 15662032 belt kit:
- Belt kit 12380297
- Belt kit 12381236
- Belt kit 12381240
- Belt kit 12384798
- Belt kit 12541669
- Belt kit 12541671
- Belt kit 12541672
- Belt kit 12542918
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Accueil du site > Membres > Post-doctorants > NIIKAWA Takuya > Présentation
Constructing a unified theory of consciousness,
I am a postdoctoral researcher at the Institut Jean Nicod at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. I am primarily interested in understanding the ontological, epistemological and normative aspects of consciousness in an integrated manner and providing a comprehensive theory of consciousness. I am also involved in an interdisciplinary research project of designing a training method of introspection with cognitive neuroscientists.
I received a PhD from Hokkaido University (Japan) in 2015, under the supervision of Tomoyuki Yamada. I have worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Chiba University from 2015 until 2018. I have also worked as a visiting postdoctoral researcher at the University of Glasgow in 2016. In my dissertation, I defended naive realism as a theory of perceptual consciousness.


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Cool and refreshing Italian restaurant, lots to offer and good surroundings with a twist, they like to keep it New York style. Traditional pizza's and pasta's to make your mouth water !! Book a private room for you and friends and party the food away !!!
Phone number: 2549 0208


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David Byrne has followed the move of his label Luaka Bop from Warner Bros. to Virgin.
Byrne will make his Virgin debut on May 8 with the release of "Look Into the Eyeball," his first album since 1997's "Feelings." Byrne and his former band, Talking Heads, recorded for Warner Bros. labels for 24 years.
On the new album Byrne collaborated with legendary Philly soul writer-arranger Thom Bell and Cafe Tacuba's lead singer Nru. Byrne will tour the U.S. following the album's release and is expected to visit more than 20 cities.
Luaka Bop was launched in 1988 and introduced to U.S. audiences a host of musical styles from around the globe, the emphasis being on South America and artists such as Os Mutantes, Susana Baca, Waldemar Bastos and recent Grammy nominee Los Amigos Invisibles.
The imprint's initial releases via the new Virgin relationship are Jim White's "No Such Place" and a reissue of Shuggie Otis' 1974 album "Inspiration Information."


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...Shifters are a magical white powder, that once the product touches skin, the result of application gives a TURQUOISE-BLUE-VIOLET hue depending on the way the light hits the skin! An iridescent shadow that can be applied over darker colors to enhance the hue.VEGANIngredients: Mica(s), Titanium Dioxide, Silica, Tin Oxide, Calcium Carbonate, Zinc Stearate, Kaolin Clay, Silicon Dioxide, Allantoin, Carnauba Wax, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride.
Due to the manufacturing of our handmade products, we do not offer the opportunity to cancel orders once checkout is complete. Before proceeding with your order, please be sure that you are 100% content with your cart and VERIFY that all items -INCLUDING QUANTITY within your cart are correct and the desired item.
Adjustments to orders will not be made, and we apologize in advance. Items cannot be swapped out for a different product, size or color. Please VERIFY AND CONFIRM your cart before proceeding with your payment method for product accuracy. Again, adjustments cannot be made. We can, however, invoice you for any item that you realize was not added to your order. All sales are final, and again will not be cancelled once the order and payment have been processed.
Each sale is final and for SANITATION reasons - no returns are accepted on any cosmetics or products. We will not accept returns and we do not issue any store credit for cosmetics that may not fit your skin tone or your liking. All sales are final.
We do not accept returns of any kind. We do not refund. We do not mail out replacements, as all of our stock is made to order. By completing and purchasing an order, you agree to these terms.Our description of eyeshadows are based on our own individual perception of colors and product. Therefore, you may see a slight difference in color/shade than what we see, as our opinions are subjective.As we all know, the resolution of colors differ from monitor to monitor. Some people are fortunate to use flat screen televisions as a computer monitor, therefore the pictures could possibly reflect a different shade as compared to a mobile device or computer screen. Your products actual appearance may be slightly different once in your hand.
We will notify you when this product becomes available.
SUSPIRIA Iridescent Rainbow Highlighter
From $18.00
EMPRESS Pressed Pigment
From $5.00
COURTNEY Pressed Matte
BLAZED Pressed Pigment
HOMICIDE Pressed Pigment


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Send A HappyGram Here.
Receive high-quality hair care at No Limits Hair Design.
From hair extensions to hair coloring, our full-service salon offers
great care for men and women of all ages. We also provide men's barber services, including hair twists and shaves. Manicures and pedicures are available, as well—contact us for details.
Visit our beauty salon in Eagan, Minnesota,
for hair extensions, manicures and pedicures, and coloring services. We
serve Richfield, Bloomington, Burnsville, Apple Valley, Lakeville, and
Actress and Associate Professor, Denise Hart, MFA is the founder of Words to Live By, a company that provides creativity & motivational coaching and creates products that help women to live courageous and empowered lives. She's also the face & energy behind the blog "The Motivation Mama".
Gerald C. Malone CPA has been in business for over 20 years.
We specialize in small business taxation and business formation services.
Give us a call for free consultation.
Here is the directory link.
The Minnesota Green Roofs Council promotes green rooftop technology as a sustainable building strategy in Minnesota. We work to educate developers, architects, landscape architects, engineers, roofers, building owners, policy makers and others about green rooftops as a cost-effective strategy to improve building performance, reduce environmental impacts and improve urban livability. Our steering committee meets monthly and hosts workshops, social events, tours of local green rooftops. We develop resources like our RoofBloom guide and our Minnesota Green Roofs Directory.
Here is their directory listing: Minnesota Green Roofs Council
The Ecopolitan Community is a group of people around the world who are committed to the Mission of Ecopolitan.
They combine their wisdom, knowledge, passion and enthusiasm to organize events, lectures, and other gatherings around the world in the name of health and wellness. There are people at our Headquarters in Minneapolis, and others throughout the world making things happen.
DJ'S ALLCITY Towing service has been operating in the twin cities for nearly a decade. DJ'S ALLCITY Towing offers Damage Free Towing, 24 Hr service and Junkers will be hauled away for free.
Here is their link.


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Engage in hands-on STEM with Jimu Robot Kits!
Create, Build, Control, Program, and Share with online community. These easy to build amazing Jimu Robots, Interactive Building Blocks Robotic Kits will bring your kids a whole new level of entertainment and hands on learning fun. Grab one today and you will be in for a creative, learning, Fun Family Times together with your kids.
JIMU Robot is an interactive building block robotics kit that empowers children/teenagers to create and program their own robots.
Along the way, they engage in powerful hands-on learning in STEM and gain 21st-century skills and mindsets.
Snap-in design parts encourage exploration, experimentation and creativity.
Learning by doing provides in-depth understanding of robotic concepts by building your own JIMU robots.
Foster group problem-solving and teamwork with project-based learning and engaging design challenges.
Be a part of global JIMU community of innovative creators and share your unique robots with others.
Dynamic Drawing
Built-in App module for"dynamic drawings", giving step by step illstrations of every part. The App has detailed building procedures so children will find it easier to learn the robot constructions techniques.
High-torque Servos
The high-torque servos create fluid and precise movements.
APP Connection and Programming
Create your unique Robot manually. Connect it to your Bluetooth or phone to program and control its movements.
Snap-in Design
The pieces snap together by hand, no tools requires. It's easy to use for children and teenages.
Open Source and Sharing Platform
The Jimu softwarre is open sources that enables players to share their creations all over the world through JIMU community.
Durable and Safe
JIMU uses environmentally friendly material that are durable and safe for children.
Click here to Order these kits
Jimu World is Your World
With Jimu Robot kits from Ubtech you can use your imagination and make your ideas come to life with code. Have fun while learning to program robots.
Build. Program. Share.