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ON THIS PAGE: You will learn about the different treatments doctors use for people with a carcinoid tumor. Use the menu to see other pages.
This section tells you the treatments that are the standard of care for this type of cancer. "Standard of care" means the best treatments known. When making treatment plan decisions, patients are encouraged to consider clinical trials as an option. A clinical trial is a research study that tests a new approach to treatment. Doctors want to learn whether the new treatment is safe, effective, and possibly better than the standard treatment. Clinical trials can test a new drug, a new combination of standard treatments, or new doses of standard drugs or other treatments. Your doctor can help you consider all your treatment options. To learn more about clinical trials, see the About Clinical Trials and Latest Research sections.
Treatment overview
In cancer care, different types of doctors often work together to create a patient's overall treatment plan that combines different types of treatments. This is called a multidisciplinary team. Cancer care teams include a variety of other health care professionals, such as physician assistants, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, and others.
Descriptions of the most common treatment options for a carcinoid tumor are listed below, followed by an outline of treatment options by stage for a GI carcinoid tumor. Treatment options and recommendations depend on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, possible side effects, and the patient's preferences and overall health. Your care plan may also include treatment for symptoms and side effects, an important part of cancer care. Take time to learn about all of your treatment options and be sure to ask questions about things that are unclear. Talk with your doctor about the goals of each treatment and what you can expect while receiving the treatment. Learn more about making treatment decisions.
Surgery is the removal of the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue during an operation. A surgical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in cancer surgery. Completely removing the entire tumor is the standard treatment when possible. Many carcinoid tumors are successfully treated with surgery alone. The surgeon will usually remove some tissue surrounding the tumor, called a margin, in hopes of leaving no traces of cancer found in the body.
When completely removing the tumor is not possible, debulking surgery is often recommended. Debulking surgery removes as much of the tumor as possible and may provide some relief from symptoms.
People who have developed carcinoid syndrome are at risk of experiencing a carcinoid crisis during surgery (see Signs and Symptoms). To avoid major complications from a carcinoid crisis, the anesthesiology team must be fully aware of this risk before surgery so they can have octreotide on hand to control the symptoms.
Before surgery, talk with your health care team about the possible side effects from the specific surgery you will have. Learn more about the basics of cancer surgery.
Surgical options for a GI carcinoid tumor
Local excision. During this operation, the surgeon removes the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue. Most localized tumors can be surgically removed through a skin incision, but a rectal carcinoid tumor may be removed through the anus. Other GI carcinoid tumors can sometimes be removed using an endoscope (see Diagnosis).
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)/electro-fulguration. RFA destroys a tumor by heating it with an electric current. It is sometimes recommended for rectal carcinoid tumors.
Segmental colon resection or hemicolectomy. This surgery removes one-third to one-half of the colon, including nearby blood vessels and lymph nodes.
Low anterior resection. During this surgery, a portion of the upper part of the rectum is removed.
Abdominoperineal resection. This surgery is used for a large tumor located in the lower part of the rectum. During the operation, the surgeon removes the anus, rectum, and part of the colon. After surgery, a colostomy may be created to carry waste out of the body. A colostomy is an opening from the colon to the outside of the body.
Liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is rarely used as a treatment for carcinoid tumor, but it may help younger patients with a carcinoid tumor that began in the liver.
Surgical options for a lung carcinoid tumor
Sleeve resection. The tumor is surgically removed, along with parts of the airway above and below the tumor. The airway is then reconnected.
Wedge resection. During this surgery, a small, wedge-shaped piece of the lung is removed. This surgery is used if the tumor is very small.
Lobectomy. During this surgery, an entire lobe of a lung is removed. This surgery is often used if a sleeve resection is not possible because of the size and/or location of the tumor. A lobectomy is also used if a carcinoid tumor is found at the edge of the lung, away from large airways.
Pneumonectomy. During this operation, an entire lung is removed.
Lymph node dissection. Removal of the lymph nodes near the lungs is also common during surgery for a lung carcinoid tumor. Removing the lymph nodes reduces the risk of the carcinoid tumor spreading to other organs.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. A radiation therapy regimen, or schedule, usually consists of a specific number of treatments given over a set period of time. A doctor who specializes in giving radiation therapy to treat cancer is called a radiation oncologist.
The most common type of radiation treatment for a carcinoid tumor is called external-beam radiation therapy, which is radiation given from a machine outside the body. It is most often used to relieve symptoms, such as pain, caused by cancer that has spread to the bone as part of palliative care (see "Getting care for symptoms and side effects" below).
A second type of radiation treatment is internal radiation therapy or brachytherapy. Internal radiation therapy uses tiny pellets or rods containing radioactive materials that are surgically implanted in or near the site of the tumor. The implant is left in place for several days while the patient stays in the hospital.
Patients receiving radiation therapy may experience fatigue during treatment, and the treated area may become red and dry. Radiation therapy to the chest or neck may cause a dry, sore throat or a dry cough. Some patients have shortness of breath during radiation therapy. Most side effects go away after the treatment is finished. Learn more about the basics of radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, usually by ending the cancer cells' ability to grow and divide. Chemotherapy is given by a medical oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating cancer with medications.
Systemic chemotherapy gets into the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Common ways to give chemotherapy include an intravenous (IV) tube placed into a vein using a needle or in a pill or capsule that is swallowed (orally). A chemotherapy regimen, or schedule, usually consists of a specific number of cycles given over a set period of time. A patient may receive 1 drug at a time or combinations of different drugs given at the same time.
Chemotherapy for a carcinoid tumor is most often used when the tumor has spread to other organs or is causing severe symptoms. A carcinoid tumor usually does not respond to chemotherapy alone, and other treatments may be necessary.
The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the individual and the dose used, but they can include fatigue, risk of infection, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. These side effects usually go away after treatment is finished.
Learn more about the basics of chemotherapy and preparing for treatment. The medications used to treat cancer are continually being evaluated. Talking with your doctor is often the best way to learn about the medications prescribed for you, their purpose, and their potential side effects or interactions with other medications. Learn more about your prescriptions by using searchable drug databases.
Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. It uses materials made either by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function. Immunotherapy, such as alpha-interferon and octreotide, may shrink a carcinoid tumor or stop its growth. These treatments work by changing the surface proteins of cancer cells and by slowing their growth. Biologic therapies are also used to treat symptoms by controlling the production of hormones. Different types of immunotherapy can cause different side effects. Talk with your doctor about possible side effects for the immunotherapy recommended for you. Learn more about the basics of immunotherapy.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is a treatment that targets the cancer's specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer growth and survival. This type of treatment blocks the growth and spread of cancer cells while limiting damage to healthy cells.
Recent studies show that not all tumors have the same targets. To find the most effective treatment, your doctor may run tests to identify the genes, proteins, and other factors in your tumor. This helps doctors better match each patient with the most effective treatment whenever possible. In addition, many research studies are taking place now to find out more about specific molecular targets and new treatments directed at them. Learn more about the basics of targeted treatments.
For carcinoid tumors, targeted therapies being researched in clinical trials include drugs that interfere with new blood vessel formation or with specific survival pathways of cancer cells. Research continues on these and other approaches. Talk with your doctor about possible side effects for a specific medication and how they can be managed.
Getting care for symptoms and side effects
Cancer and its treatment often cause side effects. In addition to treatments intended to slow, stop, or eliminate the cancer, an important part of cancer care is relieving a person's symptoms and side effects. This approach is called palliative or supportive care, and it includes supporting the patient with his or her physical, emotional, and social needs.
Palliative care is any treatment that focuses on reducing symptoms, improving quality of life, and supporting patients and their families. Any person, regardless of age or type and stage of cancer, may receive palliative care. It works best when palliative care is started as early as needed in the cancer treatment process. People often receive treatment for the cancer at the same time that they receive treatment to ease side effects. In fact, patients who receive both at the same time often have less severe symptoms, better quality of life, and report they are more satisfied with treatment.
Palliative treatments vary widely and often include medication, nutritional changes, relaxation techniques, emotional support, and other therapies. You may also receive palliative treatments similar to those meant to eliminate the cancer, such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. Talk with your doctor about the goals of each treatment in your treatment plan.
For some people, such as those with lung disease, heart disease, or other specific medical conditions, surgery cannot successfully treat the cancer. In these cases, palliative surgery to relieve symptoms may be helpful. This may include removing most of the tumor through a bronchoscope or vaporizing large portions of the tumor with a laser. Palliative surgery is often used together with radiation therapy. These treatments can help relieve symptoms caused by blocked airways.
Before treatment begins, talk with your health care team about the possible side effects of your specific treatment plan and palliative care options. During and after treatment, be sure to tell your doctor or another health care team member if you are experiencing a problem so it can be addressed as quickly as possible. Learn more about palliative care.
Treatment of a GI carcinoid tumor by stage
Stomach. A localized carcinoid tumor of the stomach can often be completely removed through an endoscope. A tumor larger than 2 centimeters (cm) is removed with a margin of surrounding stomach tissue through an incision, or cut, in the abdomen. For patients whose carcinoid tumor is stimulated by gastrin, a hormone released by cells of the antrum of the stomach (the part next to the small intestine), the removal of the antrum may be recommended.
Small intestine. Surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue is the most common treatment for a carcinoid tumor smaller than 1 cm located in the small intestine. Surgery for a larger tumor involves removing more surrounding tissue and some surrounding blood vessels and lymph nodes.
Large intestine. The most common treatment for a tumor smaller than 2 cm is the surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue, often done through a colonoscope (see Diagnosis). If the tumor is larger than 2 cm, surgery most often involves an incision through the skin.
Appendix. An appendectomy is usually the only treatment needed for a carcinoid tumor smaller than 1.5 cm. For a tumor larger than 2 cm, the removal of about one-third of the colon next to the appendix and nearby blood vessels and lymph nodes is often needed.
Rectum. A rectal carcinoid tumor smaller than 1 cm is treated with RFA (see "Surgery" above). A tumor larger than 2 cm is more likely to grow and spread quickly. Larger tumors are removed using the same procedure that is used for rectal cancer. This involves removing some healthy colorectal tissue and some of the nearby lymph nodes.
Regional spread
Whenever possible, the tumor and areas of spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes are removed using surgery. If this is not possible, surgery can help relieve symptoms, such as intestinal blockage.
Distant spread
If cancer spreads to another part in the body from where it started, doctors call it metastatic cancer. If this happens, it is a good idea to talk with doctors who have experience in treating it. Doctors can have different opinions about the best standard treatment plan. Also, clinical trials might be an option. Learn more about getting a second opinion before starting treatment, so you are comfortable with your chosen treatment plan.
Your treatment plan may include a combination of the types of treatment described above. Surgery is used to relieve symptoms rather than eliminate the cancer at this stage. If distant metastases are not causing symptoms, surgery may not be needed. If the person develops carcinoid syndrome, surgery to remove as much cancer as possible is often recommended. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may also be offered to help relieve symptoms.
If cancer has spread to the liver, the following treatments may be used:
Liver resection. This operation removes cancer that has spread to the liver. The goal of this surgery is not to eliminate the cancer, but it often helps relieve or reduce the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome.
Intratumoral ethanol injection. During this procedure, a CT scan is used to guide a needle into the areas of tumor spread. These areas are then destroyed by injecting concentrated alcohol through the needle. Liquid nitrogen can also be used to cool the needle and destroy the cells by freezing. These injections are particularly useful if traditional surgical procedures are difficult or impossible to perform.
Hepatic artery occlusion or embolization. These procedures block the tumor's blood supply by sealing off the blood vessels leading to the tumor. The effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with hepatic artery embolization is still being studied. This treatment can cause severe side effects and is only considered when other treatment options are not working.
Participation in clinical trials is encouraged. Palliative care will also be important to help relieve symptoms and side effects.
For most patients, a diagnosis of metastatic cancer is very stressful and, at times, difficult to bear. Patients and their families are encouraged to talk about the way they are feeling with doctors, nurses, social workers, or other members of the health care team. It may also be helpful to talk with other patients, including through a support group.
Remission and the chance of recurrence
A remission is when cancer cannot be detected in the body and there are no symptoms. This may also be called having "no evidence of disease" or NED.
A remission may be temporary or permanent. This uncertainty causes many people to worry that the cancer will come back. While many remissions are permanent, it's important to talk with your doctor about the possibility of the cancer returning. Understanding your risk of recurrence and the treatment options may help you feel more prepared if the cancer does return. Learn more about coping with the fear of recurrence.
If the cancer does return after the original treatment, it is called recurrent cancer. It may come back in the same place (called a local recurrence), nearby (regional recurrence), or in another place (distant recurrence).
When this occurs, a new cycle of testing will begin again to learn as much as possible about the recurrence. After this testing is done, you and your doctor will talk about your treatment options. Often the treatment plan will include the treatments described above, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but they may be used in a different combination or given at a different pace. Your doctor may suggest clinical trials that are studying new ways to treat this type of recurrent tumor. Whichever treatment plan you choose, palliative care will be important for relieving symptoms and side effects.
People with recurrent cancer often experience emotions such as disbelief or fear. Patients are encouraged to talk with their health care team about these feelings and ask about support services to help them cope. Learn more about dealing with cancer recurrence.
If treatment doesn't work
Recovery from a carcinoid tumor is not always possible. If the cancer cannot be cured or controlled, the disease may be called advanced or terminal.
This diagnosis is stressful, and for many people, advanced cancer is difficult to discuss. However, it is important to have open and honest conversations with your doctor and health care team to express your feelings, preferences, and concerns. The health care team is there to help, and many team members have special skills, experience, and knowledge to support patients and their families. Making sure a person is physically comfortable and free from pain is extremely important.
Patients who have advanced cancer and who are expected to live less than 6 months may want to consider a type of palliative care called hospice care. Hospice care is designed to provide the best possible quality of life for people who are near the end of life. You and your family are encouraged to talk with the health care team about hospice care options, which include hospice care at home, a special hospice center, or other health care locations. Nursing care and special equipment can make staying at home a workable option for many families. Learn more about advanced cancer care planning.
After the death of a loved one, many people need support to help them cope with the loss. Learn more about grief and loss.
The next section in this guide is About Clinical Trials. It offers more information about research studies that are focused on finding better ways to care for people with a carcinoid tumor. You may use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide.


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For decades, governments have tried to address climate change and other global problems. Many agree that in the field of climate policy, these efforts have made only limited progress. Yet, while international negotiations have been frustrating to many, climate-relevant policies have proliferated at the subnational level. Subscribing to the slogan 'think globally, act locally', subnational policymakers increasingly create environmental policies that aim to reduce air pollution, conserve natural resources and protect the climate. Examples range from local public transport policies (for example, the share of electric buses used for public transport or regulations on the number of cars allowed to enter specific areas) and individual incentives (for example, subsidies for employees using public transport to commute to work instead of their own car) to regional building codes (for example, requiring new buildings to meet specific energy efficiency standards).
One explanation for these increasingly frequent bottom-up initiatives is that they intend to address climate change and other environmental problems directly. We argue, however, that individual actors such as cities or municipalities have almost no direct individual impact on large-scale, transboundary problems such as global warming. Our alternative explanation highlights that their policy choices may have important effects on their own national government and its regulatory decisions. For example, cities that enact environmental regulations and implement CO2 reduction targets make it more costly for the national government to deviate from this emerging policy pattern. Informational benefits, co-ordination failure, inconsistent regulations, costly delay and loss of economies of scale generally favor a harmonization of policies across national and subnational levels.
Using game theory, we show that if subnational actors are aware of their impact on national policymaking, this has important implications for which policies they choose to implement and also depends on the shadow of the formation of international agreements. We find that strategic policy balancing is one of the key mechanisms that may explain subnational policy choices in the presence of national and international policymaking. Very often, ambitious subnational policymakers will over-regulate, while lagging subnational policymakers under-regulate to strategically achieve a more favorable international treaty.
Of course, cities and municipalities are not the only types of subnational actors trying to influence national and international policy decisions. With some modifications, our theory may therefore be extended to also illuminate the behavior of other actors such as lobbyists, voter groups, or even courts. We hope that this will make it easier for policymakers and the interested public to understand the functioning of bottom-up initiatives and assess their potential impact on climate-relevant policies.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Twenty Minute VC
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Could you please not to remove silent pauses and breaks from your interviews?
These up to few seconds pauses are important to understanding of what was said during interview.
In particular, they are important to:
1) Separate one thought from another.
2) To understand the importance of some statements (with longer pauses) over others (without long pauses).


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Israel Story
About This Show
Show Info:
Israel Story is a bi-weekly podcast, hosted by Mishy Harman and distributed by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange. It tells modern tales from an ancient land – the kind of stories you'd share with a friend over a plate of hummus on a Friday afternoon, or with your partner at the end of a long day. These are everyday stories, told by, and about, regular Israelis. The award-winning show is produced in partnership with Tablet Magazine.Read more »


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Will You See Blue?
The blue dot is a non-toxic, vegetable-based dye tablet that you can use to check for leaky toilets. Check with your local hardware store - they usually sell them. Or replicate the steps below using food coloring. Take action!
How to use your blue dot
- Carefully take the tank off lid off your toilet
- Remove the blue dot from the packaging
- Drop one blue dot into the water of your open tank
- Wait 10 to 20 minutes
- If the blue color appears in your toilet bowl, you have a leak. If the water in your bowl remains clear, you do not have a leak
- The blue water in your tank will be removed during your next toilet flush
Note: the blue water will not stain or harm your toilet. Did you see blue?
A demonstration with Mag Ruffman
Refer to Mag's second demonstration video on our Did You See Blue? page.


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The Unauthorized Guide to Pocket PC is the best place to start for someone seriously considering the purchase of a Pocket PC, or someone who has just made the purchase and is eager to hit the ground running and use it to its full potential. Along with exploring the major software components of the Pocket PC platform, the book also guides the reader through other aspects of using a Pocket PC such as establishing an online connection and taking advantage of wireless communications. This book is for anyone who wants to learn how to get the most out of their Pocket PC, even beginners. No matter what model the reader has, this book will be a useful reference and learning tool.In other words, HP doesna#39;t want to deal with trying to upgrade older hardware to support Pocket PC, which would probably ... For details about how to carry out this manual upgrade, check out the following Web page: http : / /www. brighthand anbsp;...
|The Unauthorized Guide to Pocket PC
|Michael Morrison
|Que Pub - 2000
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


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Morning Worship - 10:00 a.m.
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At the very heart of history is the coming of Jesus Christ into the world. He is the Son of God, the brightness of His Father's glory and the express image of His person. The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into His hand. The Holy Spirit, similarly, testifies of Him. He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him. For this reason, it can be said that Jesus Christ is the central theme of Christianity, of the Bible, and of all that God is doing in the world. So much so, in fact, that he who does not honour the Son does not honour the Father who sent Him.
"And yet," wrote Martyn Lloyd-Jones, "if you go and talk to many people, even in the church, about religion, you will find that they will talk to you at great length without ever mentioning the Lord Jesus Christ." "People come and talk to me about these things," he continued, " and I put my question to them. I say, 'If you had to die tonight, how would you feel?' 'Oh,' they say, 'I believe in God.' 'Alright,' I reply, 'what will you say when you stand in the presence of God? What are you relying on?' 'Well,' they say, 'I have always tried to live a good life, I have done my best, I have tried to do good.' 'But nevertheless you have sinned, haven't you?' 'Oh yes, I have sinned.' 'So,' I ask, 'what do you do about your sin? What will you say to God, in the presence of God, about your sin?' 'Well,' they say, 'I believe God is a God of love.' 'And how does that help you?' 'Well,' they say, 'I believe that if I acknowledge my sin to God and then ask Him to forgive me, He does forgive me, and I am relying upon that.' The point I am making," Lloyd-Jones concluded, "is that they do not even mention the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. They seem to think that they can go to God directly without the Lord Jesus Christ at all. There is a great deal of so-called Christianity that is quite Christ-less." (Revival, pp.45,46)
Jesus Himself made it abundantly clear. "I am the way, the truth, and the life," He said, "No one comes to the Father except through Me." If you are an unbeliever, even if you are one who goes to church every Sunday, we urge you by the mercies of God to forsake your sins, to let go of whatever it is that you have been clinging to, whatever it is that has held you in bondage until now, and to flee from every false hope of heaven, so that you may seek and find refuge in Christ alone. He is able to save to the uttermost those who come to God through Him.


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Song info
"This Too Shall Pass" (2006) on the album Omaha Sessions(1992).
Sáng tác bởi Hexum Nicholas Lofton.
Sản xuất bởi IRVING MUSIC, INC.;ALLEGIANCE MUSIC CO..
"This Too Shall Pass" Videos
I don't Jones for nothing 'cause that's a waste
Waste of space in my frontal lobe
And I just sit, deal with it, don't have a fit
Do you know what I'm sayin'?
I just get as down as I can
Don't look to relief from a troubled young man
Just take a piece
Sometimes it sucks
Oh, I'm not too sure if I can do
This on my own guys
Like I'm thinking, maybe we should form a support group
Or perhaps a church sponsored youth group
Oh, and then, then I say
I looked the other way
I changed my point of view
And here's what I do
This too shall pass
This too shall pass
This too shal
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Each box contains 12 (4.94 oz net weight) Assorted Calissons de Provence by Arnaud Soubeyran.
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Today I'd like to talk to you about being pure in heart, and what that means for us on a day-to-day basis. My wife and I like to talk a lot about the 'why' of living the gospel, because finding out why you're doing it, is what really puts the fun and the fire into living the gospel every day.
We decided one quiet Sunday morning to do some scripture study, and we looked up a Conference talk from 1973 by Gordon Hinckley, called 'Opposing Evil'.
He talked about a young man he'd met with, who had been living in immorality, but now had serious questions about where his life was going.
He asked the young man how this change of heart had come about. The young man showed him a ring, that had belonged to his grandfather. That ring had come to his father, who had given it to him. One night, a friend of his remarked, 'Whom will you give it to? I guess you're the last one.'
He saw in that moment that he was on a road that was going nowhere. In his own words, he said 'I was walking down a blind alley, where there is neither hope, nor light, nor future.' And so the young man came to then-Elder Hinckley for help.
Gordon B. Hinckley then talks about the experiences this young man had had…the onslaught of immorality growing in the world around him in the mid-60s and early 70s, which we know from history and our own experiences were very turbulent times. There were references to evil in the theatre ads, in the newspaper, and in the mail around him as he thought about that young man. Today, we could include the Internet as well, as our computers often bring us the horrors, the violence and the immorality of the world on a daily basis, even in our social media. There's no escaping it.
Decades before President Hinckley blessed us with the inspired words of The Proclamation to the World on the Family, he spoke even back then about evil finding its ways into our legislation and our courtrooms, and we're living the results of that in even greater measure today than back then.
While we were reading through his talk, we came to his suggestions for combating the forces in the world. We read this paragraph, which said,
"It is a matter of more than passing interest that the Lord, as he spoke to the multitude on the Mount, included this marvelous declaration: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God." – Matthew 5:8
In that moment, both my wife and I realized that this promise from the Lord included more than the choice opportunity of being worthy to stand in the presence of God and seeing God's face – something we all would desire, but for most of us, an event that feels far out of reach.
This promise also includes a blessing that we can claim right now – the blessing of being able to 'see' as God sees.
It's like the filter for the air conditioner in a home. Air conditioning is vital to life here in a hot area like Texas in the summer. It's vital that it functions well. If you remember, this spring was particularly heavy with allergens. I get horrible hay fever, so I feel it more than others. My eyes start burning, my face starts itching, my vision gets blurry. Every nerve ending is irritated, and my life becomes unbearable. Admittedly, I'm less easy to live with at times like this, at work or home.
This spring, we looked around our home, and we began to notice all the dust bunnies coming from our vents, covering our ceiling fans and our furniture and floor, and drifting through the air.
Recently, we had installed an air filter into our air conditioner – an expensive and heavy air filter designed to filter out the tiniest of allergens. We assumed it would last us for months. When we checked the air filter, we saw that it was already super-saturated with dust particles and allergens, so much so that it was not containing them anymore, and coming around the sides of the filter. As hard as it was being hit with undesirable particles, it could no longer contain all of them, and particles were getting through into our air.
What we came to realize was that we had to change our filter more often. As soon as we changed our air filter, I began to feel relief. Our home became a more breathable place. The irritations that were overwhelming my ability to focus on being more Christlike in my behavior went away or became more manageable, and I could interact more easily.
So what does all this have to do with being pure in heart?
Being pure in heart is like a having a home. The spiritual air filters on that home need to be maintained frequently in order to keep our views of ourselves and our surroundings pure and just.
So what's getting through our filters?
What would a person who is exposed to heavy doses of sensational news articles see through their filter? They would 'see' violence and corruption and people who can't be trusted, on a daily basis, instead of 'seeing God' in other people. They're seeing the world's perspectives, which may be correct, or may not.
What would a person who is exposed to profane erotic materials on a regular basis 'see'? They would see lust and sexuality in everyone and everything, even in their young children. We all know tragic examples of this, sometimes in our own families. They're seeing people as objects, instead of seeing them as children of God, and are comfortable treating them as such.
Without changing the spiritual filter in our lives, we only see what the world is constantly flowing through – the idea that people are objects to be used, that people are angry and hateful, or that people want to take advantage of us and deceive us for their ends, people who will never trust you, or that you're unlovable or unforgivable.
Without changing the filter, we start seeing other people this way. We start seeing our spouses and children this way, then our Church leaders and fellow Saints. This leads to discontent, mistrust, contention, broken vows, broken homes, broken lives, apostasy, and worse.
On the other hand, those who make the effort to keep that filter through which they see the world clean, who willfully keep themselves 'pure' in their hearts, will 'see God' in everyone and everything. They will understand that when they are serving each other, they are only serving God.
They will understand the parable of the sheep and the goats that Christ gave, when he replied to the people who asked when they had served Him, and He told them that '…inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.' They will see the child of God in each person they encounter, and treat them as such, without hesitation or resentment of any kind.
We can't assume that, just because we've been baptized, or that we've been a member of the Church for years, or even all our lives, that that filter is permanently clean. You can't repent once and think you're done. You can't read the Book of Mormon once all the way through and think your testimony will last you a lifetime.
Maintaining that 'eternal perspective' (like the air conditioner) is something we have to deliberately do monthly, weekly, daily, even hourly or moment to moment in more taxing times. Additionally, the daily and weekly filters have to be maintained before other filters will work optimally as well.
Let me illustrate by giving you a recommended spiritual maintenance schedule.
For filtering the largest worldly influence particles, moment to moment and sometimes hourly, we need to use prayer and repentance. Alma emphasized the importance of this filter when he said to Zeezrom and the other people of Ammonihah, '…humble yourselves before the Lord, and call on his holy name, and watch and pray continually, that ye may not be tempted above that which ye can bear...'.
When we allow our filter to become saturated with the dirt, filth and lies of the world and we are breathing in a temporal perspective, temptations become increasingly hard to bear, and we are easily overcome. If we fail at this level of filtration, our worthiness can be affected, and the other finer filters I'm about to discuss will lose their effectiveness. The other finer filters are not strong enough to keep the largest particles at bay.
Our daily filter is our scripture study, both alone and with others. Scriptures are a way of putting on the mind and will of God, and helps filter out worldly perspectives and godless belief systems.
Studying any topic, combined with the scriptures, gives us greater insights into what is being taught to us as 'truth'. Combining prayer and scriptures with others is a powerful way of receiving direction and revelation in our lives, whether it be family scripture study, or seminary or institute classes. I always compare my textbooks to the scriptures. Often, the textbooks are written purely from a professor's perspective, and one professor may teach one thing and another may teach something completely different on the same topic, and both claim to be truth. Without the scriptures, I would find myself lost in a sea of ideas. I often feel bad for other students who don't have the gospel's filters, and have to rely on whatever ideas are given to them as reality.
If we're not reading scriptures, our ability to receive revelation can become twisted or misled. We can be easily pulled off course by one idea or another from TV, movies or other media or cultural expectations, and lose our bearings very quickly.
All entertainment are morality plays, constructed from the belief systems of the writer, director or producer of the entertainment. Many of which can be subtle and not easily seen without the filter of scriptures and the words of the living prophets. The other finer filters become less effective; because the Lord cannot bring to our minds ideas we have never read or studied.
After the filters of prayer, ongoing repentance and regular scripture study during the week, taking the sacrament every week is our next layer of filtration. It renews our baptismal covenant and allows the Spirit of the Lord to flow pure and clean revelation in our lives, for ourselves and our loved ones.
If we take the sacrament unworthily, because we haven't been maintaining the other filters, our spiritual progression becomes clogged – hindering the Spirit's flow of inspiration and guidance in our lives and any benefit that could have come from that.
Sacrament Meeting is the most important meeting, to renew this important spiritual filter. If we ignore it, or don't utilize this important filter, there will be an undesirable result.
As Elder Oaks said in last Conference, "If the emblems of the sacrament are being passed and you are texting or whispering or playing video games or doing anything else to deny yourself essential spiritual food, you are severing your spiritual roots and moving yourself toward 'stony ground'. You are making yourself vulnerable to withering away when you encounter tribulation like isolation, intimidation, or ridicule."
When I was on my mission, those missionaries who struggled the most in working with nonmembers or other missionaries who challenged their testimonies were those who didn't maintain the filters of prayer, repentance, scripture study, and sacrament before or during their mission. The successful missionary is the one who maintains their spiritual filters day by day, over years of preparation.
And what about temple attendance, for those of us who have current temple recommends? Temple attendance can be a powerful fine filtration, that filters out the smallest particles of the world's influence. But if your other filters are not working, your temple experience is tainted instead and not nearly what it should be.
You instead see the people and activities in the temple through a worldly filter. I've seen people attend the temple the first time, and they are either immediately solidified into firm activity. I've also seen people attend the temple and immediately go inactive, expressing fear or mistrust.
Why did this happen? I've wondered about this for years, and now I believe I understand. Those who did not have a good experience of the temple were not keeping their filters maintained. They were allowing temporal perspective to build up and build up until they were not ready for the temple, and their experience was colored as a result.
Without the larger particle filters doing their job, the finer more delicate filters had rocks thrown at it that punched through. The temple is not a catch-all filter and can quickly be overwhelmed by a worldly perspective if the other filters are not being updated regularly.
This is why it's so important to prepare to attend such a sacred place as the temple. The Lord cannot give his greatest knowledge and blessings to those who are not prepared. Not that he doesn't want to, but that a clogged filter won't allow the pure air of the gospel to flow through.
Without a pure heart, we cannot 'see God', even if He was standing right in front of us. We would see Him, and the others around us in the temple, as the world sees Him, and us. Lustful, deceitful, malicious…whatever our filters are letting through.
Keeping these filters clean also affects our service in the Church. Do we feel peace or resentment when asked to serve as a home or visiting teacher? Do we willingly give service when asked? Do we even notice when service is needed? Effective service in the Church and in our homes and communities is a result of properly maintained spiritual filters. Trying to give service without them appears instead difficult and painful.
Family Home Evening is a weekly gauge of how well our family's spiritual filters are working. If we're contentious with each other, or angry or resistant to spiritual things, are we saying prayers? Are we reading scriptures? Are we repenting often? Are we taking the Sacrament worthily? Are we attending the temple regularly? These are questions to ask ourselves when the gauge tells us something's wrong.
In closing, I'd like to offer up a little piece of the fictional story of Jean Valjean from Les Miserables. Jean Valjean was a convict who was imprisoned for many years for stealing a loaf of bread to feed a starving family.
After being steeped for decades in prison culture, he saw himself through the temporal filter of being a criminal, and others treated him as such. One day he came to a church, where a priest took him in and offered him shelter and food.
True to his own filter, he stole the priest's silverware to sell for money. He was caught by the local police and brought back. The police were also living from a worldly filter of 'once a criminal, always a criminal'. When the priest saw what he had done, he relied on a different filter – a clean, gospel-based one. He was able to see Valjean as a child of God, and see what he could become.
Instead of accusing Valjean as the others did, the priest instead told the police that he had given the silverware to Valjean, and admonished him that he had forgotten the silver candlesticks. The priest thanked the policemen, and asked them to let him go.
Valjean was struck with amazement that he wasn't going to go back to jail, or that anyone would see him as anything other how he saw himself. The priest handed him the candlesticks, and told him that from this day forward, his soul belonged to God. He gave that perspective to Valjean. Valjean became a changed man forever, taking on the filter that the priest gave to him, and he was able to see others as children of God as well, and found ways to help others in tragic circumstances, just as the priest had helped him.
In the words of President Hinckley, 'We cannot hope to influence others in the direction of virtue unless we live lives of virtue. The example of our living will carry a greater influence than will all the preaching in which we might indulge. We cannot expect to lift others unless we stand on higher ground ourselves."
We need to take responsibility for our lives, and change our filters regularly. Don't take for granted that the filters of prayer, repentance, scripture study, sacrament, and Temple attendance are free, and easily accessible.
Don't think that you've done it once, and your spiritual air conditioner will work well forever. They clog fast.
Compared to the rest of the house, those little filters don't seem like much, but they affect everything else in such tremendous ways. Those filters are the basic principles of the gospel, through which the fruits of the gospel come.
Maintain those filters regularly, so that our hearts will breathe free and clean and pure, so that we can 'see God' in the world, and in each other.


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Article Editor
Dr. Nancy J. Bruns
Dr. Bruns has been a member of the Pine Valley Veterinary Team since 1999. In 2012, she joined Dr. Graham to become part owner of the practice. She then assumed full ownership of the clinic in 2014 after Dr. Graham's passing.
She strives to provide comprehensive care for all dog and cat life stages. She enjoys establishing relationships with clients so that they can actively participate in the decision making process regarding the health of their pets. During her career as a veterinarian, she has developed a special interest in managing cancer patients.
Dr. Bruns enjoys a busy lifestyle balancing her career and family, which consists of her husband, Mark, and their 4 children, Alex, Andy, Ethan, and Emily. As she and her husband are originally from Fort Wayne, they both have strong ties to the community. She takes great pleasure in attending sporting events for her sons or just hanging out with her daughter. In her free time, she likes to go running with her dog, Daisy, who must also share the limelight with Gully, an English Springer Spaniel, and 4 cats, Henry, Gordy, Dru, and Zelda. Ultimately, Dr. Bruns feels that the loving support, strength, and humor of her family has helped her establish a successful career at the Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic.
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University 1993
Dr. Theresa Schenkel
A native of Fort Wayne, Dr. Schenkel has been working as a small animal veterinarian in the area since graduation and has a special interest in small animal wellness/preventative medicine, feline medicine, and small animal dentistry. She is a current member of the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) and helped Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic to achieve its Cat Friendly Practice Certification in 2013.
Dr. Schenkel and her husband, Brent, have two children, Gracie and Jonathan. They share their home with German Shepherd, Alexis, and two cats; Prince Ali and Brucie. During her free time, Dr. Schenkel enjoys spending time with her family, reading, and relaxing at the lake.
Veterinarian & Feline Advocate
- Bachelor of Science in Biology, University of St. Francis 1999
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University 2004
Dr. Pat Funnell
We welcomed Dr. Pat Funnell to the PVVC team in January of 2016. After many years of experience at Allen Veterinary Hospital in Fort Wayne, she decided to make the move to a clinic closer to home. She adds an exotic component to our animal care, as she enjoys seeing any pets from dogs and cats to birds, reptiles, sugar gliders, ferrets, guinea pigs....and almost anything else! She is a member of the Association of Avian Veterinarians.
Dr. Funnell and her husband, Byron, are both Fort Wayne natives. They have one black lab, Ink, as well as horses, chickens, and goats. Their two daughters, Caitlin and Amanda, both got married last summer, which created an empty nest for Dr. Funnell (slight bird pun intended)!
Dr. Funnell works extensively with Soarin' Hawk Raptor Rehab in Fort Wayne (www.soarinhawk.org). It has been exciting to see the many raptors that have been brought in from the very small Eastern Screech Owls to a Bald Eagle!
In her spare time, Dr. Funnell also enjoys helping tutor Burmese children, volunteering at Dove's Nest, and being active in her church.
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University 1985
- Specializes in Avian and Exotic Medicine and Surgery
Dr. M. Dennis Graham
March 11, 1947-September 11, 2014
It is with a heavy heart that we announce the passing of Dr. M. Dennis Graham Thursday, September 11, 2014.
Education and Career
A graduate of Purdue University's School of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Graham opened the doors of Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic in 1979. Prior to this, Dr. Graham proudly served in the USAF Veterinary Corps and practiced in St. Louis, Missouri and Rochester, New York prior to making his permanent home in Fort Wayne.
Dr. Graham always had an intense love for his profession and his patients. He practiced mainly in the areas of small animal general medicine and surgery, although he developed a strong love for and a professional interest in canine and feline cardiology.
Dr. Graham was a self-proclaimed "hosta-holic," as he dearly loved his garden at home with as many of these shade perennials as his yard would hold! He also enjoyed the scenery at his house, as he was the proud owner of many Koi and other goldfish varieties that reside in his Koi pond. He was also an avid lover of all things Purdue University. Dr. Graham attended many Purdue basketball and football games.
Dr. Graham leaves behind 4 children: 2 sons (Shaun and Brooke) and 2 daughters (Erika and Cotter). He and his wife, Abby, shared their home with their 2 dogs, Linnhe and Romeo.
Dr. Graham will certainly be missed by all who knew him.
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University
Mary Osbun
Mary has been with the Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic since the clinic opened in July of 1979. She epitomizes a blend of compassion, dedication, and knowledge based on a wide experience in daily practice management and client assistance in veterinary medicine.
Mary chooses to work in a "part-time" capacity most of the time. A "road warrior," Mary travels thousands of miles a year to attend dog shows to exhibit her English Springer Spaniels. Her success in the ring has included competing several times in the Westminster Dog Show in Madison Square Garden, NY. You can see pictures and more information about her "Tea" dogs on the Crown Royal English Springer Spaniel website.
Mary is an active member of the English Springer Spaniel Field Trial Association, and the Northestern Indiana Kennel Club. She is an invaluable source of information on how to locate reputable breeders for purebred dogs.
Most recently, Mary has been showing her young dogs, Tracea, Bigelow, and Olive in Confermation as well as training in Agility and basic Obedience.
Office Manager
Active Member of:
- Northeastern Indiana Kennel Club
- English Springer Spaniel Field Trial Association
- Fort Wayne Obedience Training Club, Inc
Ann Underwood
Ann has made a career of veterinary medicine and has been an invaluable part of PVVC since January of 1990. She excels in technical support and has been the primary veterinary assistant for many years. Ann and husband, Bay, have 3 cats, Decon, Damon, and Deion, and a black and white English Springer Spaniel, Devon. Ann is very compassionate and her relationship with her pets exemplifies the depth of the human-animal bond. Know that when you leave your pets with her, she cares for them as she would care for her own!
Business Manager
Ann offers in-home pet sitting as a side practice, offering caring, compassionate care for your pets in your home!
Amy Koch, BS, RVT
Amy was born and raised in Monroeville, Indiana. Having always enjoyed the quiet, country living and small town atmosphere, Amy moved back to Monroeville after briefly living in Rensselaer, Indiana after college.
Even as a child, Amy felt a pull toward working with animals. Her parents still tell stories about how her family pets were always covered with band-aids or getting "treatments" for various imaginary ailments. While some kids were playing "house," she could be found playing "vet clinic" instead! She truly enjoys knowing that at the end of the day, she was an important part of a pet and their person's life.
Amy began working in a local veterinary clinic at age 15 with the intention of becoming a veterinarian, but after working with an amazing RVT, she decided to pursue veterinary technology instead! She attended Purdue University, graduating in 1995 with an Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology and has been practicing ever since. She later went back to school at Indiana Wesleyan University and graduated in 2004 with a Bachelors in Applied Science in Business Management degree with the intention of pursuing practice management.
As the Practice Manager, she is responsible for all human resources duties and maintaining scheduling and workflow. As an RVT, her duties include triaging patients, collecting and running lab samples, inducing and monitoring anesthesia, preparing for and assisting in surgery, and performing many other "nursing" duties. As the OSHA Safety Manager, she is responsible for OSHA compliance for the safety of our staff, clients, and patients.
Amy has had a variety of achievements in her career, including: being a past instructor for Vet Tech students, past District Rep for the IVTA, and past President of the NEIVMA Vet Tech Association. Currently she is working towards Certified Veterinary Practice Manager certification.
Amy has a full house when she is not at the clinic. Her husband, Kyle, works at QuikCuts in Fort Wayne in Sales and Laser Technology. She has two daughters at home, Morgan (19), who is currently studying "human" nursing in college, and Taylor (6), who has a wide variety of interests including learning to read and write as well as T-ball and soccer, keeping Amy busy in her "free time." Her family also shares their home with their dogs: Scrappy, Dave and Url; cats: Ocho, Dhyllyn, Dottie, Symba and Joe; and her "grand-dog', Boomer.
In her time away from the clinic, Amy enjoys reading, singing in her band, spending time with her family and friends, as well as being involved in the greater veterinary community.
RVT, Practice & OSHA Manager
- Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 1995
- Bachelor of Applied Science in Business Management, Indiana Wesleyan University 2004
Kristina King
Kristina became a member of the Pine Valley team in November of 2013. She and her husband, Josh, share their home with her dogs, Lacey and Marley, and 2 cats, Tucker and Lola. They also had their son, Jaxson, who is getting bigger every day!
Prior to coming to Pine Valley, she worked at Fort Wayne Animal Care & Control for 7 1/2 years as an adoption counselor. This makes her a wonderful contact for anyone looking for a new furry addition and for advice on intergating new furry friend into your home.
In her spare time, she enjoys hiking and camping with her husband and son.
Head Receptionist
- Associate of Science in Criminal Justice, Ivy Tech Community College 2010
Olivia Schwiebert
Liv was born in Jasper, IN but grew up in Defiance, OH. She lived in Grand Rapids, MI for a few years as a child before moving back to Defiance, her mother's hometown. When it became time for her to find her own place as an adult, she and her husband chose Fort Wayne, where her father is originally from. They are currently living in a historical neighborhood in south Ft. Wayne.
Liv has always been a lover of animals and has always wanted to work with them in some capacity for as long as she can remember. After moving to Fort Wayne, her husband encouraged her to look for a job doing something that she actually loved. She immediately decided that she wanted to work in a vet clinic.
Liv primarily works in the customer service aspect of the clinic- scheduling appointments, answering questions over the phone, etc. In addition she handles creating and updating client accounts and records, as well as checking patients in and out.
Liv married her high school sweetheart, Rob, September 6, 2014. Rob currently works as an Electrical Engineer at Steel Dynamics, Inc. While they do not have children at this time, they have a number of furry family members. They fill their home and their hearts with two cats, Brick and Sid, and their (always entertaining) Airedale Terrier, Alfred aka Alf or Alfie.
When Liv is away from the clinic she loves cooking (and eating) new foods and recipes, often bringing in recipes to share. She and her husband enjoy a number of outdoor activities including biking. Together they have completed a number of road bike races. She is also enjoys shopping for deals, and decorating her home with a number of refurbished antiques.
Olivia enjoys cooking and baking during her time away from Pine Valley! She keeps us well-fed!
Rita Koontz
Rita has a background in pharmaceutical sales, but due to her love of animals made a transition to the veterinary field and has worked in the front end for 13 years.
She retired in December 2015 and it lasted 10 weeks! She missed the interactions with the clients and their pets. She feels fortunate to have had the opportunity to re-enter the field part-time at Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic in March 2016.
Rita shares her home with her husband, Mike, and their dog, Max. She has two grown sons and two grandsons.
Rita enjoys spending time with her family, reading, and doing yoga.
She manages to keep herself very busy in her semi-retired state.
Jenna Janda, BGS
From a young age Jenna always loved animal, and always had pets. Her family was very encouraging when, at 4 years old, she announced "I want to be a veterinarian." Needless to say, she did not actually know what that meant outside of working with animals.
A Fort Wayne native, she graduated from Northrop High School in 2004. While in school she participated in dance, poms and baton for 10 years, was in Color Guard all four years of high school, and participated in Northrop's internship program her senior year where she began working for the Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic.
While in school, she joined the Boy Scouts of America's Exploring program. Her senior year of high school, she enrolled in the internship program. In college, she began as a Pre-Vet student while continuing to work for the Pine Valley Veterinary Clinic. After 3 years in the program and 4 years of working experience, she decided that being a veterinarian was not what she wanted to do. She craved more interactions with animals, so she decided to change her major to veterinary technology. Unfortunately, IPFW does not have a Tech program, and the only option at the time was to go to school outside of Fort Wayne. She enrolled in Purdue University's Vet Tech Distance Learning Program while continuing at IPFW towards a Bachelor's in General Studies. She took a semester off of Vet Tech classes the year she got married and finished her General Studies Degree with a minor in Dance, and for personal reasons never went back. This, of course, did not end her career in veterinary medicine.
Jenna started in 2003 as a high school intern, which mostly means stocking rooms and cleaning. She then continued as a Veterinary Assistant/Receptionist for several years. As the needs of the clinic changed, she began working exclusively in the reception desk, assisting the clients and pets more than the doctors and techs. It is during this time that we moved to the new building and upgraded our computer system which in turn made her our in-house IT department. She also eventually took on our diet inventory management and became very knowledgeable about the veterinary diets that we carry. As changes in technology have progressed, the IT part has become more prominent, as well as adding in Social Media and website management to her job. She is constantly taking continuing education, webinars, and other courses in these areas to further her ability to help the clinic.
She married Nick in January of 2009 after having been together since January 2004. Nick has served in the US Air Force since 1996 where he plans to retire. They only have four-legged children in their home. They are 2 domestic shorthair cats, Morgana and Anubis, and 3 dogs, Loki and Flytish the rescue Pit Bulls, and their newest addition, Freyja, an American Staffordshire Terrier. They enjoy a number of family, outdoor activities with their dogs including: Jeeping, canoeing, camping, hiking, and running, having completed a number of 5Ks with and without the dogs as running partners.
Jenna's passion outside the clinic in recent years has been training in different canine sports with Flytish. They train and compete in AKC Obedience and Rally, and are learning Agility as their latest venture. They have earned a number of titles from the AKC giving Flytish more alphabet soup behind her name than most people. She has earned her Canine Good Citizenship award, in Obedience she has a Beginner Novice and Companion Dog title, and in Rally she has completed her Rally Advanced title, making her official name Flytish the Huntress CGC, BN, CD, RA. They are ever training for a higher level taking as many as 4 classes a week! Freyja is also beginning training for her career in canine sports although they have not yet decided in which ones she will compete.
Social Media Coordinator
- Bachelor of General Studies, Minor of Dance, IPFW 2009
Jamie Baines, RVT
Jamie joined the Pine Valley team in June of 2010. She has worked in several different types of clinics, including a feline specialty clinic. Her family includes a cat named Donatello (named after the Ninja Turtle, of course), a Lab Mix named Leonard, and a Border Collie named Kera.
Jamie's special areas of interest are dentistry and anesthesia.
She enjoys spending time with her family. She enjoys the outdoors; including fishing, camping, hiking, and walking the dogs.
Head RVT
- Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 2001
Tiffany Hass, BS, RVT
Tiffany joined the Pine Valley team in January 2013, and married her high school sweetheart, Josh, in June 2013.
Her four-legged children include Leilah, a beagle mix, and her cats Snickers, Maxie, Randall, and Bernard. She also has a hamster named Charlotte.
Tiffany loves watching NFL football, and is a dedicated Green Bay Packers fan. "Go, Pack, Go!"
- Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 2011
- Bachelor of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 2012
Allayna Buzzard, RVT
Allayna joined the PVVC team as an extern from Brown Mackie College in July of 2015. We liked her so much that we decided to keep her, and she was hired on full-time in September of 2015. She then graduated from Brown Mackie and took her national board exam to become a Registered Veterinary Technician in December of 2015.
Prior to coming to Pine Valley, Allayna has worked in pet stores and grooming salons.
Allayna lives with her husband, Taylor, and their son, Elias. She also shares her home with their three dogs Zeke, Leila, and Samson.
Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Brown Mackie College 2015
Stephanie Davis, BS, RVT
Stephanie joined the Pine Valley team in December of 2016 as a Registered Veterianry Technologist. She graduated from Purdue University with a BS degree in Veterinary Technology and has been working as a small animal RVT since. Stephanie married her high school sweetheart in September 2016.
She shares her home with her husband, Ethan. They currently don't have any pets, but plan to in the future.
In her free time she enjoys baking (especially home-made bread) and spending time with her family and friends.
- Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 2014
- Bachelor of Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 2015
Erin Stark
She back! After time away riding horses, Erin is with us again as of 2015, and we couldn't be happier to have her back!
Erin is an avid equestrian. She owns one horse, Forest, and they do Hunt Seat riding and jumping. She also teaches English riding lessons at a local stable.
Erin shares her home with her 2 dogs, Sampson and Eloise, and cat, Dixon.
In her free time she enjoys horseback riding, spending time with family and friends and, playing with her pets.
Veterinary Assistant
Bachelor of Science in Vet Med and Biology, Minor in Chemistry University of Findlay 2007
Logan Timberlin
Logan was our high school intern from DeKalb High School beginning September of 2009, and has been with us ever since. Logan is now an assistant and helps the doctors and technicians immensely. He is trying to observe all that he can at Pine Valley during his tenure here. Logan's kindness and compassion calm even the most nervous pets.
Logan began classes at IPFW in August 2010 to pursue a career in Veterinary Medicine as a veterinarian.
Logan loves all kinds of music. He also works part-time as a DJ with one of his friends! He shares his home with his son, Kaiden, and cat, Meep.
Veterinary Assistant
- Plan: Bachelor of Science in Biology, IPFW 2016
Kayla Zink
Kayla was born in Monroeville, IN, moving to Fort Wayne at age 9 where she graduated from Snider High School. She then attended IPFW and Purdue University, graduating with a Bachelor's in Biology.
Kayla has a big heart for animals and hopes to continue on to veterinary school to pursue a career helping animals and pet parents. She feels that working at Pine Valley has given her a great opportunity to gain experience in the field. She plans to take with her what she has learned here, and carry it with her as she continues her career.
In her capacity as a Veterinary Assistant, it is Kayla's responsibility to assist the doctors and technicians during various procedures and appointments, making sure they have what they need, when they need it.
Kayla shares her home with a variety of fur (and not fur) babies including her 5 cats; Scooby, Chloe, Princess, Ali and Madeline, her dog, Jasmine, and 2 turtles. She is frequently known to have a litter of foster kittens she is caring for until the are old enough to go to their forever homes. All of her fur babies love to play and assist with gardening with Kayla and her mother.
When Kayla is not in our clinic she enjoys drawing, reading and gardening. Despite the fact that she works 3 jobs, she always manages to make time for all of her hobbies and animals.
Veterinary Assistant
- Bachelor of Science in Biology, Purdue University 2015
Melissa Moore, RVT
Melissa has been a part of Pine Valley's team since 2008. She has an interest in animal behavior. She currently teaches a class for expectant moms with pets as a licensed presenter for the "Dogs and Storks" program.
While Melissa has chosen to be a stay-at-home mom, she will still be here from time to time as a relief technician when we need her.
Melissa and her husband, Chris, have three dogs and and two daughters, Reagan and Kaelyn. She enjoys spending time with family and hanging out at the lake.
- Associate of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology, Purdue University 1997
Chelsea Woodward
Chelsea started as a high school intern in 2010. After graduation, she became a permanent member of the Pine Valley family as a Veterinary Assistant. She graduated from college in 2014 as a Radiologic Technologist. She has been able to incorporate her degree in radiology into her work at PVVC.
Chelsea has trained in restraint, reception, and many other areas of the hospital. She loves animals and wants to take them all home! Although Chelsea is very part-time at Pine Valley, she loves working with our clients and patients.
Chelsea and her family share their home with dogs Hemi, Daisy, and Roma, (Maltese), Pumpkin (cat), Jacque (huge fish), Tippy (turtle), and Hammy (hamster).
Veterinary Assistant
- Bachelor of Science in Radiology Technology, IPFW 2014
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The Stylist Manifesto: First Day Of Class
January 29, 2013 by admin
Filed under Boys on the Side
If you've been following my Instagram lately (@stylstmanifesto) or my blog (despite my sporadic writing schedule), you'll notice I tend to mix eras. Often this is done by seamlessly blending modern pieces with those of a vintage aesthetic. This ensemble was n exception. The driver's cap is reminiscent of 1950's California as are the tie and cardigan. The faint striping of said sweater contrasts the subtle striping of the tie and the almost indistinguishable black ticking of the jacket. For a bit of complication, a multi-check patterned button down peeks from beneath the cardigan and is interrupted by the aforementioned vintage tie. Then I selected Japanese tailored denim by gap with a classic Brando/Dean cuff. Finally, as two complimentary garnishes, I chose the super limited (released 2012 and sold out everywhere) Clot X G-shock Translucent Red watch. As the blue and red palettes are always complimentary, the choice was obvious. 🙂
Check out more of The Stylist Manifesto guest post here


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Why I Will Never, Ever, EVER Get a Tattoo
Would I have to start planning outfits around the tattoo like I plan for weather?
Every time this pink Barclays advert about the spoilt daughter and put-upon dad comes on, I want to put my fist through my coffee table:
This Guardian piece criticises the Barclays advert's pinkery, materialism and lack of a mother figure.
I sort of agree, but on the other hand I think we all get that the girl is a petulant, grasping, Veruca Salt-style daddy's girl. We're in on the joke.
My beef goes deeper than that. That's right; I have deep beef:
1. The phrase "there is no greater test of unconditional love than the act of having children". WRONG. I am reliably informed that the act of RAISING children tests unconditional love, while the act of HAVING children tests your vagina (unless you have a Caesarian, which tests your love of bikinis).
2. Did all the things the girl wanted really have to be pink? Without getting too po-faced and high-horsey, with an advert this stylised and high-spec you'd hope for a punchline slightly more sophisticated than "women, eh?". She could have asked for a yacht or a Samurai sword or a beehive or ANYthing. She could have been a LARPer and asked for a lightning bolt, for god's sake. This is the 21st century. Also I like saying 'LARPer' whenever I can.
3. I could forgive all the accidental misogyny if the voiceover wasn't so mean-spirited. "Are you an ineffectual parent?" It seems to ask. "Are you suffused with hatred for your awful children as a result? Well, play the long game and you can get 3% back on your mortgage."
What a glum state of affairs. Here's how I would have reimagined it:
Again, you're welcome, advertising.
Meanwhile, the idea that putting money towards your children's mortgages is an actual THING is news to me. As soon as I finish writing this I'm going to hunt down Dr Emmet Brown so I can go back in time and tell my mother about it before she spends all her retirement coin on extravagant cruises and a new bathroom suite.


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Craig E. Rasmussen
Los Alamos National LaboratoryCraig Rasmussen is a computational scientist working with the runtime team in the Advanced Computing Laboratory within the Los Alamos National Laboratory. His interests include designing and building applications using distributed objects and parallel component technologies and in seeking ways to bring the power of C++ to nonprofessional programmers using simple, flexible, and dynamic languages such as Perl and Python.
- Tutorial: The Eclipse Parallel Tools Platform


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Linux.com is now a destination for Linux fans wanting to buy t-shirts, mugs, hats, or stickers, to help support their favorite operating system. The new merchandise store has been launched by The Linux Foundation, with profits being fed back into the continued development and promotion of Linux.
Jim Zemlin, executive director at The Linux Foundation said:
Selling Linux-specific merchandise is another way to support community development. The Linux.com Store aims to serve a community of people who want to display their affinity for Linux specifically while supporting important activities that advance the platform.
To help promote the new store a contest is being run to design your own t-shirt. The Linux.com T-Shirt Design Contest is asking you to submit a t-shirt design that reflects the Linux community and will hopefully sell well. In return you can win a trip to LinuxCon in Boston.
You have until April 11th to submit a design, after which the top five designs will be made available to view. The community will then get to vote, and the best design will make it as an actual t-shirt for sale in the store.
Visiti the Linux Store to find out more.
Matthew's Opinion
This new Linux store would do well to have a look at what a t-shirt store like Threadless is doing. The community is always designing and submitting new t-shirts, and they get fed on to the store meaning there's always something new to buy.
This t-shirt contest is a great start, but I want to see a constant flow of ideas and new merchandise being added every month. I'm sure there's a lot of Linux users out there with ideas, and a lot more willing to buy new stuff regularly. Lets just hope this is the start, with the idea getting expanded in the near future.


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SITAONAIR develops AIRCOM FlightTracker
More than 100 aircraft have gone missing in the past 70 years. The fact that this continues to happen, despite modern technological capabilities, is a stark reminder that the aviation industry still has work to do on enhancing its flight tracking services, so SITAONAIR has developed AIRCOM FlightTracker in response.
With the ICAO's Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS) Concept of Operations mandating automatic flight tracking from November 2018, airlines now face the challenge of incorporating this technology into legacy fleets to meet upcoming tracking requirements.
The company said that FlightTracker can accommodate the equipment found on every kind of aircraft – from the most basic, to those operating FANS and everything in between. Coupled with a range of additional features and connectivity options, FlightTracker uses airlines' existing onboard technology to deliver wide-ranging safety and operational improvements without the need to modify aircraft.


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Create lyrics explanationSelect some words and click "Explain" button. Then type your knowledge, add image or YouTube video till "Good-o-meter" shows "Cool" or "Awesome!". Publish your explanation with "Explain" button. Get karma points!
Brazzaville – 1963 lyrics
Summer's been delayed
But I don't want to think about it
In the shade of a Guar Gum tree
Devils by the lake were spotted
Way across the pond
European trade commissions
Selling jasmine in Istanbul
Suicides and freak conditions
Candles by the lake were burning
Lyrics taken from http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/b/brazzaville/1963.html


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Get a Free Move or Rebate when you lease
The Blvd at Medical Center offers resort-worthy amenities including a lavish outdoor kitchen perfect for entertaining guests located poolside. Fitness-focused residents also can conveniently utilize the fitness center any time of the day while children can enjoy the on-site playground. With the option of a detached garage and carports, residents can protect their vehicles from the elements.Residents can pick from one, two and three-bedroom apartments with plush wall-to-wall carpeting, perfect for keeping the home warm in the winter months. Kitchen cleaning is convenient with garbage disposal and dishwasher in every unit. This gated community also offers tenants a private balcony or patio, perfect for starting a container garden. With its proximity to nearby restaurants, art galleries, and shopping, the Blvd at Medical Center is an excellent location for residents interested in convenience and comfort.


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William Paladino, CEO of Ellicott Development, received strong support from Port Jervis officials Tuesday night for plans for a new 14,900-square-foot Rite Aid in conjunction with rehabilitation of Pike Plaza.
William Paladino, CEO of Ellicott Development, received strong support from Port Jervis officials Tuesday night for plans for a new 14,900-square-foot Rite Aid in conjunction with rehabilitation of Pike Plaza.
Although the Rite Aid facade will be concrete, it will look like brick, Paladino said at a public hearing in the Common Council chambers.
The parking lot, now a bare tar desert, will have islands of shrubbery, flowers and trees, as well as new light poles.
The plaza will be more accessible, as the median strip on Pike Street is eliminated, and a traffic light, which Paladino said his company will buy, will be placed at Hammond and Pike streets, allowing four-way access to the plaza.
Trees that block view of the plaza from the road will be replaced by unobtrusive landscaping, Paladino said, because prospective merchant tenants have expressed concerns about plaza visibility.
Mayor Russ Potter said, "I've worked with Bill Paladino on this project. It'll be a boon for the city economy, for aesthetics entering the city, and for employment."
Fourth Ward resident Kathy Shortell praised the plan and the developer during the public comment period of the hearing.
"Some of us are excited to get going with this project," Shortell said. "Now we have an investor who's succeeded through hard economic times. With Burger King construction, he said they'd be flipping burgers in a few weeks, and they were. I have faith in their accomplishment of this project."
She also noted Ellicott will accommodate the Railroad Preservation Society by coordinating plaza design with the old railroad turntable.
Fourth Ward Councilman Stan Siegel said later that would include color coordination, using railroad maroon. "They're turning an eyesore into a destination for the tri-state area," he said.
Paladino said he expects work to begin on the $12-$14 million project in late August, and the plaza will be complete in spring of 2014, when he also expects to have "a good amount of the plaza filled."
"We need one more big anchor store. Then the little shops will come," he said. "It will look fresh, new, aesthetically pleasing, like a new plaza."
As for the challenge of the sorry-looking property, he said later, "Most things we buy look like that when we start. We've bought big office buildings that look worse than that."
At the moment, he said, he has 40-45 construction projects in motion, worth $130 million. He has been doing demolition and construction since he was 15, and his father has been in the business for 35 years.
"When we went on vacation, we looked at plazas along the way, and I would find out years later that my father developed them," he said.


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Formed in 2008 under the name "The Game Show Gurus", Florida Whammy Entertainment is a not-for-profit professional organization that designs, creates, operates, and performs various interactive entertainment events for conventions.
Specializing in Game Shows, their highly experienced team have created and developed game shows, panels, and other original programming for a number of regionally and nationally known fan conventions and events focusing and specializing in a variety of genres in popular culture, Japanese culture, Otaku culture, and other various cultures and fandoms alongside also making appearances in community events as well.
Florida Whammy Entertainment has been producing panels and shows for 8 years! FWE's unparalleled experience in multiple aspects of conventions ensures and allows them to be prepared for any unexpected request and lets them keep a few tricks up their sleeves when it comes to the future.
Florida Whammy's Board of Directors oversees the entire organization and ensure that the company is moving in the right direction and not moving away from the original core ideals that it was founded on. FWE is also backed by a support team of over 20 individuals who lend their time and talent to helping FWE achieve its mission statement of bringing quality Interactive Entertainment to conventions across the country.
Florida Whammy Entertainment's goal is to provide an entertainment experience that will leave every participant with a lasting impression on FWE, the host convention, and various cultures as well. FWE's proud to have the honor of saying they've been around for 8 years, and they will work hard to continue to bring professional, engaging entertainment to the masses!
You can follow then on their Facebook (Florida Whammy Entertainment), or on their Youtube, Twitter, and Instagram (@floridawhammy)!


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Latest news
Caribbean Day adds splash of fun to Lightwater
The sun may not have had his hat on but pupils were certainly dressed for sunnier climes the other week as they enjoyed a Caribbean Day.
All kinds of activities, from art to music and cookery had a taste of the tropical about them as the youngsters left the classroom behind to move outdoors for a specially themed day of events.
One of the main features was the music of Jim Bernardin from World Music workshops, who spent the day at the school to teach the children about things such as steel band music, and even gave them a chance to try their hand at a variety of percussion instruments, whilst playing favourites including 'Under the Sea' from Disney's The Little Mermaid.
"The children had a wonderful time," said teacher Dawn Bourne, who was in charge of events on the day. "Unfortunately we couldn't manage to arrange Caribbean weather for the day, but that didn't stop them thoroughly getting into the spirit and having a wonderful time."
Other events on offer at Lightwater included mask making, limbo and hula dancing. Having earlier been taught about the musical instruments, later in the morning the children showed what they had learned, followed by a Caribbean-themed lunch, and then keeping the theme of the day going by producing Caribbean artwork in the afternoon.
"It's been a very mixed summer so far weather-wise so it was nice to bring a bit of sunshine and colour to school like this," said Ms Bourne. "It certainly put a smile on everyone's faces, and the children thoroughly enjoyed themselves, as well as learning new things which would have been much harder to do in a normal classroom environment."


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ASCOT, United Kingdom (AFP) – Royal Ascot will get underway on Tuesday with one of its most familiar figures missing after the passing away of legendary trainer Henry Cecil last week.
Cecil, who holds the record for Royal Ascot winners with 75 beginning with Parthenon in 1970, died last Tuesday after a long and courageous battle with cancer aged 70, but in spite of his illness he had dominated the last two renewals thanks to the exploits of his wonder horse Frankel.
Frankel will not be present either, having retired to stud after bowing out with his 14th victory in 14 starts in the Champion Stakes on Champions Day at Ascot last October, but Cecil's widow Jane, who has been given his training licence will have several runners during the week.
Emotions will overflow should Cecil's Joyeuse, a half-sister to Frankel, win the Albany Stakes on Friday.
The meeting will open on Tuesday with a minute's silence in tribute to Cecil while on Friday a race has been named in his honour, 'The Queen's Vase in Memory of Sir Henry Cecil', and jockeys riding in the race will wear black armbands and his widow will accompany Queen Elizabeth II for the post-race presentation ceremony.
Cecil's death leaves Michael Stoute as the leading trainer at the meeting with 65 winners and the Barbados-born handler will have upwards of 12 runners.
However, he will face opposition from all round the globe as horses from Australia, South Africa and the US will seek to record a win at British flat racing's most competitive meeting where record prize-money of ??5 million ($7.9million US) is up for grabs over five days.
The visitors from distant shores have excellent prospects. Animal Kingdom, trained in the US by Graham Motion, is strongly fancied to open the visitors' account in the meeting's opening race, the Queen Anne Stakes.
And in the following race, Shea Shea, trained by South African champion Mike de Kock, has a favourite's chance in the King's Stand Stakes.
Animal Kingdom is an odds-on chance to supplement impressive laurels he gained in winning the 2011 Kentucky Derby and the world's richest race, the Dubai World Cup, on March 30. It will be the five-year-old's last run before he takes up stallion duties in Australia.
Shea Shea, too, was a winner on Dubai World Cup night in the Al Quoz Sprint.
Victory would entitle him to consideration as the world's best sprinter.
In keeping with Ascot's international theme, crack Belgian-born France-based jockey Christophe Soumillon takes the ride.
The sterling achievements of Animal Kingdom and Shea Shea are such that they overshadow Australia's claims on the meeting's two big sprints.
Nevertheless, both Shamexpress (King's Stand Stakes) and Sea Siren (Jubilee Stakes on Saturday) have prospects of adding to Australia's five previous triumphs at the meeting.
Opening day also features an enticing clash between a pair of Irish-trained colts, Dawn Approach and Magician, winners respectively of the English 2,000 Guineas and the Irish equivalent.
Dawn Approach bids to atone for a heavy defeat in the Derby two weeks ago, when he railed against restraint from the saddle before finishing last as the 5/4 favourite.
As she has done every year since 1953, the Queen will be present. She will attend on all five days and is likely to have four runners.
Much the most anticipated is Estimate's bid to win the meeting's showcase race, the Ascot Gold Cup on Thursday. Britain's reigning monarch has savoured 21 winners but has never won the Gold Cup, for which Estimate has been installed as favourite by local bookmakers.


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Chartered Regulated
- Our fully qualified professionals are registered with the Health & Care Professions Council.
- Our fully qualified Psychologists are chartered members of the British Psychological Society.
- Our fully qualified Counsellors and Therapists are accredited by the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy and / or the British Association of Art Therapists.
Solution Focused Target Driven
Watch our video to obtain an insight into how we work with school communities and some of the benefits we can bring with our community psychology approach.


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For the first time in "Dancing With the Stars" (Mondays at 8 p.m. ET and Tuesday at 9 p.m. ET on ABC) history, the bottom two couples had to dance for their lives in front of the judges.
"It's not about your favorite couple; It's not about who you feel sorry for; The dance duel is all about the dancing," said judge Len Goodman. This week, the bottom two stars were Jaleel White and Gavin DeGraw.
However, Jaleel might have been a little confused about what the dance duel actually meant because before the couples started dancing, he broke out into song. "I told my mom that if I got here that I would say, 'And I'm telling you' ... you know the rest of the lyrics."
It was an intense first duel, as the two couples had to perform the ha cha at the same time. Unfortunately for one star, it was finally time to leave the ballroom for good. It was an unanimous decision, as all three judges voted to save Jaleel and his partner Kym Johnson, making Gavin the first victim of the dance duel.
Despite having some of the lowest scores of the week, both Melissa Gilbert and Gladys Knight were saved by the viewers' votes, which means that the Empress of Soul will officially get to show off her moves during next week's Motown week.
Fan favorites Maria Menounos and Derek Hough were safe after their routine was chosen by the judges as the best of the week. Maria and Derek performed their dance for a second time during Tuesday's episode, but left off one essential part -- the highly publicized kiss. The two may not have kissed each other, but Derek landed quite a smooch on judge Carrie Ann Inaba. This time, however, she didn't seem to mind.
Fellow judges' favorites Katherine Jenkins and Mark Ballas were also safe, as was the Latin dancing James Bond -- William Levy. He did perform quite the sultry Argentine tango, but he'll have some serious competition next week from Donald Driver because the football player and his partner Peta Murgatroyd were also safe. Despite being in the bottom last week due to a lack of votes, Disney star Roshon Fegan was also safe.
"Dancing With the Stars" airs Mondays at 8 p.m. ET and Tuesdays at 9 p.m. ET on ABC.


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refreshing summer rolls you need to make asap!
Summer is approaching quickly, and with all the grilling that comes along with warm weather, we want to be prepared with something on the lighter side. Enter three delectably refreshing takes on the classic summer roll, featuring a varied assortment of unique flavors, colors, and ingredients that will easily upgrade your summer menus. Take a look!
produced & styled by Anna Kocharian
photography by Michael Wiltbank
Fill a dish, with a slight lip, with warm water and soak a single rice paper round for 15-20 seconds. Gently remove the hydrated rice paper round onto a flat surface to begin. If at any point the rice paper round rips, gently dab the area with water and layer the two ends together until they stick.
rice paper rounds
The key to summer rolls are rice paper rounds - delicate wraps commonly comprised of rice and tapioca flour. You can find them in Asian markets, select grocery stores, or online. The rice paper rounds come dehydrated in form and require soaking before use.
Slate Cheese Plate - Small
Jayson Home
Forma Surf Dinner Plate
the tropical salad roll
This summer-inspired roll highlights the season's best, coupled with refreshing citrus garnishes and minty accents. Think of it as the healthy dessert you can indulge in all summer long.
Layer the fruit in a single stack, with the fruit you would prefer to be most visible, at the bottom. Play around with various fruit combinations, or throw them all into one roll!
Before rolling up the rice paper rounds, drizzle the fruit with a citrus of your choice - we paired limes with the kiwi rolls, lemons with the strawberry rolls, and oranges for the mango and mint rolls.
Take the shorter end of the round and bring it up and over the stacked ingredients. Fold the two ends in and continue rolling until complete.
Cover the rolls and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes before serving. Pair with melted strawberry ice cream for dipping sauce!
banh mi
This classic Vietnamese sandwich is known for its unique combination of bold flavors. Commonly served in a baguette - a tradition derived from Vietnam's French colonial rule - the typical banh mi sandwich combines items from both French and Vietnamese cuisines. We took a lighter approach to our rolls, opting for a breadless version that tasted just as amazing!
Lay out the ingredients in a single stack about ⅓ of the way up the round, with the chicken and the carrots as the base, and the cucumber, cilantro, and the chili on top. Garnish the ingredients with sriracha and lime - to your preference - and roll!
Refrigerate the rolls for 30 minutes. Pair the banh mi rolls with a side of chili dipping sauce to serve!
the veggie roll
This vegetarian-friendly combo is refreshing and surprisingly filling. Couple with the spicy chili sauce and consider the days of your sad desk lunch over!
Lay out the ingredients on the rice paper round with the carrots and cucumbers on the bottom, and the cabbage, greens, and avocado on top. Drizzle with the lime and roll up the round.
Refrigerate for at least 30 minutes. Pair the rolls with the chili dipping sauce before serving!