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Kid Lighting
Wednesday, March 8th, 2017
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Spinal Injury (SCI)
When we started designing clothes for wheelchair users over twenty years ago it was solely with the needs of people with an SCI in mind. The most essential garment was trousers, and they had to be not just comfortable to wear, but safe to wear, with flat back seams, no lumpy pockets, higher at the back and slightly lower at the front and with a shaped seat which meant that they stay on the waist without drooping at the back. Pockets that retain the contents, legs wide enough to access a drain bag but not unfashionable, plenty of belt loops for pulling them on - or getting a help with a transfer - longer legs and safe, comfortable fabrics - and fastenings that someone with poor manual dexterity can manage. But the garments had to look like the kind of clothes the wearers would have if they did not use a wheelchair.
So we produced denims, cargo pants, chinos, smart tailored trousers, stretch cords and sometimes moleskins, and have gradually extended the range to offer smart suits for weddings and work, dinner suits for cruises and sports dinners, warmlined waterproofs for comfortable outings in the worst weather - and many more useful products. We refuse to do tracksuit trousers, although we do have a soft, comfortable and warm style of leisure trousers with a high cotton content for days when a bit of comfort and warmth is more important than wearing a pair of denims.
We know that a spinal injury is a sudden and often life-changing event, and we don't push our garments, but when someone is ready to go back to work, go off on holiday, get married, attend a match in pouring rain with their friends or just get into denims again, we're here with clothes that don't look any different from what was worn before, but fit properly.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thomas Paine, something of a failure in his native England, was a latecomer to revolutionary America. He had failed at a number of careers, including making women's underwear, and in 1774 it was suggested to him by Benjamin Franklin that greater opportunities might lie across the Atlantic. Taking Franklin's advice, Paine arrived in Philadelphia in November 1774, almost dead from typhoid fever contracted during the voyage. After his recovery Paine began seeking an income through writing and printing, with negligible success. Towards the end of 1775 he began work on a monograph discussing the political relationship between England and America, with ongoing feedback from Benjamin Rush, a future signer of the Declaration of Independence. Rush also contributed the title, Common Sense, and the first 46-page edition was published in January 1776 – with Paine's own money used to cover costs.
Common Sense was remarkable simply because it laid out the case for independence in a clear and forthright way. Paine did not talk in abstractions or use complex constitutional theories; instead he provided numerous practical reasons why the ties connecting England and America should be severed. Paine suggested it was nonsensical that a continent like America should be governed by an island like England. The American colonies were not wholly or even mainly 'English'; they were composed of peoples from all over the world. America was too economically reliant on Europe, so any European war would cause damage and suffering in America. The distance between England and America made effective government from London an impossibility. The British parliament was supposed to be a 'check' on the power of the king, but the current parliament was itself corrupt. Government is inherently bad and there should be less of it, not more. Kings are expected to know their country yet they live an isolated life in palaces and royal courts, cut off from the people they rule. The fate of Charles I, beheaded during the English Civil War, has not made kings more just, only more cautious and subtle about how they wield their power.
Thomas Slaughter, historian
This combination of clear reasoning and accessible language struck a chord with many colonists and thrust Paine into the spotlight as a polemicist. More than 100,000 copies of Common Sense were printed in 1776, most of them flooding around the thirteen colonies as the war unfolded in Massachusetts and New York. Those who were semi-literate or unable to read at all still heard Paine's resonant arguments: volunteers read it to town meetings, Continental Army officers read excerpts to their enlisted men, and priests read sections to their congregations (often supported by relevant Biblical parables). Paine's seminary pamphlet helped ease doubts about independence; what had once been an idea too radical to contemplate now made perfect sense to those who read Common Sense and accepted its arguments. In a climate of dissent, rebellion and war, Paine's writing helped to ease doubts and clarify the goal of a people in revolution.
Content on this page is © Alpha History 2015. Content created by Alpha History may not be copied, republished or redistributed without our express permission. For more information please refer to our Terms of Use.


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As you know, a finite field always has order a power of a prime. I didnt really know how to prove this until I read Chapter 14 of John F. Humphreyss.
In fact, the result depends on just two results:
1 is proved by a combination of Lagrange and Sylow. By Lagrange, the order ofis a power of ; if there is also a prime dividing , then would have a Sylow -subgroup whose nonidentity elements would not have order a power of .
2 comes from the fact that the characteristic of a field is a prime; this means that every nonzero element of the field has order in the additive subgroup, and this implies that the additive group of the field is a -group.
Last edited by JaneFairfax (2009-04-21 06:42:57)
Another result about finite fields is that the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of a finite field is cyclic. This can be proved using a theorem about finite Abelian groups.
Pages: 1


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Welcome and enjoy my art
Woman with Scarf by Ann Sharp
Oil on canvas 20 x 24
Ann Sharp Art features paintings and portraits that capture the spirit and personality of every subject. I am a portrait artist specializing in creative impressionistic and realistic representations that capture the imagination of the audience and individuality of the subject. Every person painted and every still life and landscape has a story that is revealed in each unique stroke.
Originally from Annapolis Maryland, I acquired my art education from the University of Maryland, and have since painted portraits and landscape art in Santa Fe, Annapolis and the eastern shores of Maryland and Maine. Colorful still-life paintings, sprawling landscapes and moving portraits have taught me to see the world with an artist's vision, and I am constantly learning.
View the online gallery for a sample of my work or to own one of these beautiful, captivating paintings. Contact me via phone or email to schedule a commission for your own portrait or landscape.


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News › Month: June 2012
Pocket Underground and The Do LaB come together again for some frolics and hi-jinks at the Works. Saturday, June 30th is the day and date and the line up is kinda special IMSNRHO (that's "In my sorta not really humble opinion" btw). The Do LaB and Pocket Underground always do it up good and we're always stoked to have them on board, simply 'cos they know how to throw a damned good partay. Oh yes they do!! If you've been to the Do LaB's green festival, Lightning In A Bottle then you know what they can do.
This time around they've outdone themselves with the bill. At this point in the blog post I would ask you kindly and politely to sit down, and only after you have removed any pointy objects (yes, that nice crystal you found on that beach in Bali too) from your vicinity … Read more ›
Yessir, you read that headline right, Daze, as in Danny, and Curtiss, as in Lee, are coming to vibrate the walls and floors of the Works on Friday, July 6, 2012. We can't wait and I imagine you can't either. Danny and Lee are part of the new wave of house producers who have been defining what rules the world's dance floors in the here and now. Daze (real name Daniel Gomez) is from Miami, but, strangely, doesn't have a tan as he spends all his time in the studio crafting tracks for labels like Nervous, Plant Music and Hot Creations. Lee Curtiss is from the Motor City and has put out a significant body of wicked tunes on imprints such as, Spectral Sound, Get Physical Music and Wolf + Lamb Music. On top of this he's part of the Visionquest … Read more ›
Icee Hot and Public Works got at it again on the last day of June, Saturday the 30th. This time the entities have teamed up to put Detroit minimal techno innovator Robert Hood on the bill. The action will all be happening in the Oddjob Loft; come early as it will pack out. You can grab tickets here so you don't miss out.
Hood, like Jeff Mills and 'Mad' Mike Banks, is a founder member of Underground Resistance and, like his cohorts, was instrumental in bringing Detroit techno into new phases and realms. UR had vacillated between crushing rave anthems, aquatic techno and tech-inflected garage, but when Hood and Mills set out on their solo routes they followed the calling to pare techno down to a post-industrial minimalism. They both excelled in this task and both are worthy of accolades for setting up the almost-twenty year old template that … Read more ›
Aaron Paul's Neon Vinyl shindig, which makes its Public Works debut in the Oddjob Loft on Saturday June 2nd, is awesome on a number of levels. Firstly, a total disregard for genres. As I like to say, if Ron Hardy, Larry Levan, Juan Atkins and Afrika Bambaataa had liked and djed one style of music house, techno and hip-hop wouldn't exist. Fusion = progress. It ain't complex. Secondly, the vibe and the patrons are fun and unpretentious. What more need one say about this? Nothing. Next. Thirdly, Aaron likes putting seasoned and younger djs together on the same bill. Whether you want grooving disco, uplifting house or banging electro Neon Vinyl's got it all and then some.
This session's deck technicians are as follows, opening the night is B Love; if you've lived in San Francisco for any amount of time and haven't heard of this cat it might … Read more ›


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Man reportedly batters
a woman on S.R. 200
On May 13, a witness called the Marion County Sheriff's Office in reference to a battery on S.R. 200. The man reported the driver and passenger appeared to be fighting over an object. The witness reported that he saw the man put the woman in a headlock and slapped her head several times, according to a sheriff's report.
A deputy stopped the 2002 Pontiac at the intersection of County Road 484 and S.R. 200. After receiving consent to search the vehicle, the deputy found 9.5 grams of cocaine, 5 grams of crack cocaine, .5 grams of xanax, 2 grams of 10 mg. oxycodone, 11 grams of hydrocodone 7.5 MG and .5 grams of viagra, according to a sheriff's report.
Billy Franklin Steele, 47, of Hernando, was arrested and charged with simple domestic battery and possession of cocaine, xanax, oxycodone and hydrocodone. The woman, 25, from Inglis, was arrested and charged with possession of cocaine, xanax, oxycodone and hydrocodone. They were both taken to the Marion County Jail.
Loaded gun taken
from Ford truck
Sometime between May 9 and May 12, a semi-automatic handgun was stolen from an unlocked Ford F350 truck, according to a sheriff's report. The fully loaded gun was valued at $300.
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FifthScent - Premier Sensory Branding
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FifthScent is a premier sensory branding service aimed at pairing a positive experience with the right scent. From hotels and restaurants to office buildings and apartment complexes, FifthScent can match the most ideal scent to your business in order to evoke a pleasant and unforgettable experience.
Technology has changed in the world of air fresheners and odor neutralizers - FifthScent does not simply provide a delightful fragrance; it is a key element in promoting a memorable and enjoyable encounter with your business.
Our company was founded with the intent to provide a positive experience with a business, and correlate an outstanding image for your company. FifthScent excels in service orientation?we identify and work with our client to match the perfect scent to the marketing brand they are working with, or what they are hoping to achieve. We provide all the FifthScent equipment (which is installed directly into your business?s HVAC ducts) and handle all related maintenance accordingly.
In addition to the array of pleasant aromas we have available for your company, we also offer several scents that specifically neutralize odors. Odor neutralizers are ideal for establishments such as hotels or casinos, or anywhere less than desirable smells may appear. If you are interested in a no up-front cost free trial, please contact us for a quote.


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Terrazzo Stackable Patio Chairs Cover
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- Product ID: 003605
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- Fits: Stack of up to 6 Chairs, 33.5"L 25.5"W 45" H
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Hi loves!
Recently, I've partnered up with the owner of http://www.dalphies.com to present to you guys, this Eid inspired makeup look. Who is Dalphies might you ask? Well, they are an e-commerce website that specializes in unique and trendy collections consisting of south asian attire and jewellery! The owner of Dalphies was nice enough to send me some beautiful pieces to use in my looks, from matha pathi's to tikka's – so pretty, unique and perfect for those glammed out looks I love to do. Another great factor about the jewellery was that they were light and not pulling down on my ears (like other heavy south asian pieces -__- lol).
Now don't get me wrong, this look doesn't just have to be worn on Eid, you can definitely use it in your summer bollywood weddings or typical summer late night dawats. If you think the lashes are too much, feel free to use a different pair or just wear your own natural lashes with a touch of mascara. Thanks to tape, this look ended up being so neat and clean – definitley give it a try!
All of the products used are listed below!
1. Mac – Utterly Becoming Paint Pot
2. Mac – Cranberry
3. Morphe – ES20
4. Inglot Gel Eyeliner
5. Mac – Mascara
6. Nars – Radiant Concealer in Vanilla
7. Loreal – True Match Illuminator
8. Maybelline – Fit me Foundation stick in 355
9. Shade Light Palette
10. Becca – Opal Highlighter
11. Milani – Berry Amore Blush
12. Chanel – Lipstick #34
13. Loreal pencil eye liner
Dalphies Social Media:
INSTAGRAM – @Dalphies


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Binding Blade
From Guild Wars 2 Wiki
- This article is about the guardian greatsword skill. For the effect it causes, see Binding Blade (effect).
Binding Blade
- Profession
- Guardian (skill list)
- Weapon
- Greatsword
- Sequence
- →
- Game link
- External links
Throw blades at your foes, causing damage over time. Bound foes can be pulled to you. The effect ends when a foe moves out of range.
- Damage: 403 (1.0)?
- Binding Blade: 1,600 (2.0)? Damage
- Number of Targets: 5
- Maximum Blade Duration: 10s
- Maximum Leash Range: 600
- Combo Finisher: Whirl
— In-game description [?]
Related traits[edit]
- Zealous Blade - Attacks with your greatsword deal extra damage and heal you. Greatsword abilities have reduced recharge.
- Throws projectile blades at up to 5 nearby foes, dealing damage over time to those they hit. Affected foes can then be pulled using the associated sequence skill, but this ends the damage over time effect.
- Multiple projectiles can hit the same target if they intercept the projectiles or the skill is used while on top of their character model.
- This skill does not affect epic rank foes.
- This skill can hit targets in stealth.
- If the foe dodges when the pull is activated, they will not be pulled the full distance.
- Damage over time component is determined by the following formula:
(0.2 * Condition Damage) + 2 * Leveldamage per second.
(0.2 * Condition Damage) + 160damage per second at Level 80.
Related Skills[edit]
- Pulls nearby foes
Version history[edit]
For a detailed skill history, see here.
|May 08, 2018
|February 22, 2017
|August 28, 2012
| Game release:


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Hydrological Research Letters
Editorial Board
Tsutomu Yamanaka, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Emeritus Editors
Jumpei Kubota, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan
Taikan Oki, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Murugesu Sivapalan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.
Kaoru Takara, Kyoto University, Japan
Stefan Uhlenbrook, UN World Water Assessment Programme, UNESCO, Italy
Kazuhiro Amita, Akita University, Japan
Takeshi Hayashi, Akita University, Japan
Sachinobu Ishida, Hirosaki University, Japan
Masanori Katsuyama, Kyoto University, Japan
Morihiro Maeda, Okayama University, Japan
Hiroshi Matsuyama, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Takahiro Sayama, Kyoto University, Japan
Haruya Tanakamaru, Kobe University, Japan
Yoshiyuki Yokoo, Fukushima University, Japan
Associate Editors
Yuko Asano, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Jeremy Bricker, Tohoku University, Japan
Dushmanta Dutta, CSIRO Land and Water, Australia
Takashi Gomi, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
Luminda Gunawardhana, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Bin He, CAS Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, China
Hugo Hidalgo, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Yukiko Hirabayashi, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Takahiro Hosono, Kumamoto University, Japan
Yutaka Ichikawa, Kyoto University, Japan
Shin'ichi Iida, Forestry and Forest Products Res. Inst., Japan
Henda Jelassi, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Tunisia
Shinjiro Kanae, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Kenichiro Kobayashi, Kobe University, Japan
Katsuaki Komai, Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan
Toshiro Kumakura, Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan
Manish Kumar, Tezpur University, India
Tomonori Kume, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Tsuneo Kuwagata, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Japan
Minjiao Lu, Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan
Clelia Luisa Marti, Curtin University, Australia
Naho Mirumachi, King's College London, U.K.
Akinobu Miyakoshi, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
Toshitsugu Moroizumi, Okayama University, Japan
Ken Motoya, Akita University, Japan
Tosiyuki Nakaegawa, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan
Keisuke Nakayama, Kobe University, Japan
Kazuki Nanko, Forestry and Forest Products Res. Inst., Japan
Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen, McGill University, Canada
Assela Pathirana, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Netherland
Maiko Sakamoto, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Roy Sidle, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Bellie Sivakumar, The University of New South Wales, Australia
Paul Smith, Shinka Management, Australia
Yu Tabayashi, Kanto Gakuin University, Japan
Takeo Tadono, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan
Ichiro Tamagawa, Gifu University, Japan
Yuki Tosaki, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Japan
Yoshihide Wada, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria
Andrew Charles Whitaker, Niigata University, Japan
Toshiro Yamada, Gifu University, Japan
Yosuke Yamashiki, Kyoto University, Japan
Dawen Yang, Tsinghua University, China
Takao Yoshikane, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Shuhei Yoshimoto, International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka
Kei Yoshimura, The University of Tokyo, Japan


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We now have a first lady Michelle who loves to travel on the taxpayer's dime, would we want one that has penchant for expensive jewelry?
Columba Bush was briefly detained and fined at Atlanta's Hartsfield International Airport on Thursday after her arrival following a five-day shopping spree in Paris. The governor was not with her. She declared only $500 worth of merchandise on a Customs form at the airport. But during a random check, agents found receipts indicating the governor's wife was toting about $19,000 worth of clothing and jewelry bought in France.
Using a personal check, she paid $4,100 in duty and fines on the items. She was then allowed to continue to Tallahassee.
The above run in with customs for lying about her purchases to avoid a higher duty fee did no curtail her free extravagant spending. Less than a year later, she took out a loan to buy $42,311.70 worth of jewelry in a single day, according to records filed with the state of Florida by Mayors Jewelers.
That purchase was part of a pattern by Columba Bush of borrowing to buy tens of thousands of dollars of jewelry at a time from the South Florida store over a 14-year period. Documentation available online, which does not include the details of two transactions made less than six weeks apart in 1995, shows that she spent a total of more than $90,000 at the store.State filings provide a glimpse at the expensive tastes of potential Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush's wife Columba.


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324 West 15th Street
New York, NY 10011
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|Play- based
|mostly teacher led
|not formally in curriculum
|conducive environment
More Information
|Oral language
|Nursery rhymes, poems, songs
|Storybook reading
|Emerging literacy skills
|Cognitive development
|Math & number sense
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|Time & space
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|Sci. reasoning/physical world
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|Visual arts
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|Other subjects taught
|Corlears has a nursery school program for ages 2 1/2 to 4 year old and an elementary grades K - 4th Grade.
From the Director:
The Corlears curriculum has been structured to foster the development of important basic skills. We encourage children to become accomplished readers and writers, skilled in mathematics and paracticed in the arts of observation, creative thinking, and problem solving. We also provide a solid grounding in social studies, the sciences, history, and geography. Art, music, drama, library, woodworking, physical education, and movement classes are vital extensions of our more formal classroom activities. The development of our curriculum is an ongoing process. Because children learn with their entire beings, their bodies, minds, and emotions and have an innate desire to master their world, we believe that they learn best in an emotionally supportive atmosphere, through experiences that grow out of the environment and the resources at hand. Our educational materials are age-appropriate, and progress from the concrete to the abstract. The curriculum follows a sequential plan from year to year. We integrate the curriculum so that social studies, language arts, mathematics, and the arts are addressed in a variety of ways, This approach to education encourages the ability to develop solutions to intricate and complex problems, facilites the development of analytic skills, and promotes flexibility in thinking. In the development of lifetime cognitive skills, the learning process is as important as the educational content. Corlears children are encouraged to be questioning and to express their curiosity in everything they do. This results in an active learning process, one which involves experimentation, evaluation, and hypothesis testing. The curriculum also provides for the exploration of individual interests as they develop.' Extracted from the school's website
"Educational practice at Corlears is based on the belief that educating students to be well informed,socially engaged, critical thinkers is essential in order to sustain a healthy democracy. We have internationally created an intimate enviroenment, well suited to the needs of children through the early elementary years, where students can easily navigate both the physical space and social networks of the community. Because we believe that children's lives are enriched by viewing the world from multiple perspectives we seek to create an economically and culturally diverse community that reflects our immediate neighborhood and the city beyond. We recognize that students are interested in exploring differences as well as commonality among their peers and in the larger world. We work to create an atmosphere of respect and appreciation by encouraging students to tell their stories and actively listen to one another. We believe that children learn best when teachers take into consideration their experiences and interests, their prior knowledge, and their particular cognitive strengths. As a school steeped in progressive philosophy we recognize the need to give students a 'voice' in their education by allowing their questions and investigations to shape the emphasis of our core curricular areas. By Core Curriculum we are referring to the big ideas or subject areas around which al of the different learning activities of the class are organized. At Corlears, Social Studies and Science - the study of human communities and the natural world that sustain them - serve this purpose. Our goal is for students to graduate from Corlears as confident learners and committed friends with sophisticated understanding of the dynamics of community. Our graduates have the academic and social skills to take their places as valued members of a wide range of independent and public schools throughout the city." Extracted from preschool's website


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Vision Space Optometrists and its team of qualified optometrists regularly conducts free eye examination for the needy.
Under the program Vision 6/6, we conduct eye examination, refurbish spectacles and donate them to the less fortunate. This is also made possible by your donations of spectacle frames that are no longer needed or used.
We provided free eye screening to 35 children at the Agathians Shelter.
"Agathians Shelter is an orphanage for boys that was founded in 2003 by a team of young adults. It was set up to save a group of children from being turned out to the street and to provide a home for them. The children are from various backgrounds; some are orphaned, some only have a single parent who can't afford to feed them and others are either abandoned or neglected."
That same week, with the help of KECHARA volunteer group, boys that needed further eye assessments were brought to Vision Space Optometrist's centre at SS2.
After a thorough eye exam, we identified 5 boys who need glasses.
Refurbished frames donated by customers were shown to the boys to choose the ones they liked. They were then fitted with new prescription lenses with anti-reflection and UV protection coating sponsored by HOYA Malaysia.
The following week, the boys collected their ready glasses at Vision Space with much excitement and happiness.
Frame adjustments are done to ensure a comfortable fit for the children.
The sight of the children's joy of finally having proper vision is priceless to us. This is made possible to all who have contributed to Vision 6/6.
To find out more how you too can help or should you have any inquiry, please contact us at +603-7873-7399.


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Learn how to make custom fit children's patterns including tops, dresses, skirts, slacks and shorts! This book begins by covering the basics of pattern making for children – how to take the measurements, then using those measurements to make the original bodice pieces, blouses, shirts, dresses, skirts, slacks and shorts. We will give you a wide variety of styles of garments; however once you learn and practice the basics, you will be able to draw patterns that you see in pattern books,clothing in department stores or an item of clothing that your child or grandchild has seen someone wear.


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The good advice blog offers you the opportunity to get a feel for the kind of financial advice business we are at Financial Services Partners. We'll cover everything from our company events, through to topical articles of interest, and the latest news announcements as they unfold, such as changes to interest rates and legislative reforms. We aim to provide content and ideas that get you thinking about how issues in the financial landscape may impact upon you. Of course, the information that we provide here is either factual information or general advice only and does not consider your personal financial needs or objectives.
Should you require personal financial advice, we recommend that you speak to one of our financial advisers who will be able to understand your specific needs and provide tailored strategies and advice recommendations to you in writing. We can also match you with a Financial Services Partners Adviser based on your needs.
Happy reading!


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Callus cytokeratins isolated from fresh human skin tissue
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab8068 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
|Flow Cyt
ab170190 - Mouse monoclonal IgG1, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration. Stains all types of keratin containing cells (epithelia) in frozen sections of various tissues, with the exception of myoepithelial cells.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration. For paraffin embedded tissue a TUF pretreatment is recommended.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration. Detects a band of approximately 65 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 65 kDa).
|Use a concentration of 1 µg/ml.
ab8068 staining human foreskin tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin embedded). Tissue underwent fixation in paraformaldehyde, heat mediated antigen retrieval in 10mM Citrate buffer pH 6.0 in boiling water bath for 10 minutes, followed by cooling at room temperature for 30 minutes. The blocking was done using 1%BSA/5% normal donkey serum in PBS pH 7.4 for 2 hours at room temperature. The primary antibody, diluted 1/10 (PBS pH 7.4, 1%BSA, 0.1% sodium azide) and incubated with sample for 16 hours at 4°C. A HRP-conjugated donkey polyclonal to mouse Ig, diluted 1/1000 was used as the secondary.
Ab8068 staining pan Keratin in Human glioblastoma cell line by ICC/IF (Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence). The cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde; permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X 100 in PBS and blocked with 0.5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/50 dilution in 0.5% BSA in PBS) for 16hours at 4°C. An Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse was used as a secondary antibody at 1/400 dilution.
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"


text:
Tuesday, 5 February 2013
The citation gap and its effects on taxonomy.
Look in many university biology departments to see who's teaching taxonomy, and the answer is: nobody. If they have a systematist or two, most likely they'll be doing and teaching molecular phylogenetics. I'm not knocking molecular phylogenetics; it's critically important work, but there are very few people now cataloguing and describing species, providing identification tools, curating collections, and databasing biodiversity, nor is anyone teaching those skills.
Ask a recent graduate what they learned about biological identification, classification, diversity, and even phylogeny, and likely you'll get a blank look. Ask what the "C" in C. elegans or the "E" in E. coli stands for. What's the species name for the Drosophila or Arabidopsis they're experimenting with? Yet they'll use and misuse organisms' names throughout their careers to retrieve and organise knowledge and to describe their own research.
Sometimes, I don't think our biological colleagues do us any favours either. In private they might sneer at what we do: it's stamp collecting; only nerds read our papers; it's nit-picking name-changing. But it's what they do in public, or more accurately what they don't do, that really undermines this essential discipline of science.
What they don't do is cite taxonomists' work. This is perhaps largely unintentional, but it has a profound effect. There are a number of reasons.
1. Taxonomists, like other scientists, publish their research in peer-reviewed journals. New species have to be named—so other scientists can find and refer to information about them—and they have to be classified—so we can understand what they're related to. Peer review is a check (not always an effective one, as in any discipline) that the work has been done well. But the geneticist in the lab or the ecologist or conservationist in the field rarely reads these original papers. You'd need a whole library to cover the plants or animals of any field site. So they use the secondary literature: Floras, field guides and on-line resources like databases. And these are what they cite, if they refer at all to the taxonomic foundations of their research. Often, large chunks of those Floras, field guides, and databases have been simply copied from the primary literature; and their authors may happily take credit, along with the glory that comes with being cited a lot. But the original authors, the ones that did the primary research, may rarely be cited, and that affects their careers. (The plagiarism isn't the main issue that concerns me here, but it does concern me deeply; even when the original source is cited I still see substantial copying as plagiarism.)
I can illustrate this citation gap from my own publications. Only one has been hugely cited: Flora of New Zealand Vol. 4 (Webb et al. 1988). (And I must add, in relation to my comment above, that we took great pains—more pains than most readers will ever be aware of—to make sure the descriptions and keys in that book were all original and accurate for New Zealand material.) It's been cited over 660 times in the scholarly literature (Google Scholar), and tellingly, another 17,000 times in the literature that's not covered by Google Scholar. At the other extreme, a paper Bill Sykes and I wrote (Sykes & Garnock-Jones 1979) in which we reclassified the native Eugenia maire as a species of Syzygium has been cited just twice in the scholarly literature; you'd think it was a worthless piece of research if you believed the standard measures. Yet our findings have been used by other biologists; the name Syzygium maire has been used in 119 scholarly papers and in 12,000 other publications and on line. That reclassification places swamp maire more accurately among its relatives (including the clove); it's not trivial.
2. There's a convention in biological publishing, which most journals blindly (and perhaps ignorantly) insist their authors follow (Garnock-Jones & Webb, 1996). That is, when you use a biological name, you also must include the citation of the author who first used that name in that context (as if it were part of the name, which it isn't). For example, in most scientific journals the name Ranunculus altus must be extended by adding the abbreviation of the describing author's name, in this case me: Ranunculus altus Garn.-Jones. Why do it? Well, it's a short-hand bibliographic citation that was used by the early taxonomists like Linnaeus, Banks, de Candolle and others to refer to each other's work in the days before scientific journals. It doesn't have much meaning nowadays except for the rare circumstance where you need to distinguish between two plants that have the same name: Ranunculus altus Garn.-Jones is a different plant from Ranunculus altus (Julin) Ericsson. But nowadays when we scientists are supposed to cite all our sources in the reference list at the end of the paper, the old-fashioned author citation convention lets researchers off the hook of citing their taxonomic sources. And when the value of research work is (gu)estimated by the number of times it's cited in the scholarly literature, this puts taxonomists and taxonomy at a distinct disadvantage.
3. Sometimes our work gets taken for granted or not cited for other reasons. Maybe the names and classifications are just taken as a given that doesn't need to be referenced; maybe writers simply don't appreciate the research and expertise behind the names they're using. Maybe they just don't think it's important enough.
Sometimes the journals themselves restrict the number of references that can be cited, and taxonomy can suffer through this too. For example, a recent research paper in New Zealand used published phylogenetic taxonomy research as its raw data; the authors could not have done the study without it, but were any of those papers cited? No, not one, unless you count citation in the supplementary data, which of course doesn't get noticed for the citation indices and impact factors that govern scientists' careers and universities' hiring decisions. To be fair, those authors' hands were probably tied by the journal's reference limitation policy; it only allows a total of 12 cited references (a policy that might be deviation amplifying, to the advantage of high impact journals). But the authors presumably made the decision to cite their ecological colleagues in the "proper" references that count, and to relegate their taxonomic colleagues to the supplementary list that doesn't (I am not citing that paper here because it's unfair to single out just one.)
4. The worth of scientific journals is quantified using "impact factors". The impact factor of a journal in any year is the number of times it was cited divided by the number of papers it published. Because taxonomists' work doesn't get cited as often as it should (explained above), the journals that publish taxonomic research tend to have low impact factors. I've heard it said that some "top" journals are no longer publishing taxonomic papers, because taxonomy lowers their impact factors, but I haven't seen proper evidence for this. Publishing in low impact factor journals is the kiss of death to a research career. When academics review applications for positions, their judgement of applicants' worth is heavily slanted by the impact factors of the journals they publish in; and looking those statistics up is an easy alternative to the hard work of actually reading the applicants' papers. The same thing happens when researchers apply for funding. And there too, the funding body needs to demonstrate its relevance by funding researchers and topics that are likely to get published in high impact journals. Researchers that can't pull big grants and don't publish in top journals are dead in the water; worse, they're shark bait.
How does this translate into employment trends and funding decisions? The research success of academic departments and government research labs is increasingly judged by the quantity and quality of their researchers (in New Zealand the university research grading exercise is the PBRF and it's almost the only area of departmental funding that can go up or go down, now that income from student fees is capped) and by the external funding they can attract. Journal impact factors are hugely important in the PBRF assessment. PBRF scores directly affect the funding a department and a university will get, and in New Zealand, individual academics are graded, not the departments/disciplines as in the UK. So departments are caught in a trap. Even if they're wise enough to see the importance of taxonomy to their students' biological literacy, they simply can't afford to employ taxonomists any more; they're forced to go for a higher-profile discipline and maybe even drop their systematics courses. Even though the lion's share of university funding is still given for teaching students, the discipline breadth and quality of teaching and the employment success and quality of graduates are rarely measured or questioned with anything like the effort that currently goes into the PBRF.
As systematics researchers are a dwindling pool, there are fewer people to cite their papers, unless ecologists and other biologists change their habits.
Why does this matter? As the world's population grows and ecological relationships unravel under the stress, our understanding of the diversity of life on earth is becoming more and more critical. Many countries face increasing extinctions of wildlife, which we wouldn't even be able to document, let alone avoid or repair, without taxonomy. If that sounds like a bold claim, think about it for a while. Without taxonomic descriptions, catalogues, and classifications of all those plants, animals, fungi, protists, and microbes, who could possibly notice that some are going extinct; we wouldn't even have recognised extinction as a general phenomenon.
And then, where are the new foods and drugs going to come from? Who will identify the pests and diseases that threaten agriculture, horticulture, and public health everywhere? Who will recognise when a local species that's a canary for water quality or temperature rise is replaced by a similar-looking exotic pest with a wider tolerance? It's not only the world's climate that's close to crisis point.
After I wrote the bulk of this post, two very relevant articles were published.
One claims there are more taxonomists and fewer undescribed species than we have estimated. This would be good news if future estimates reach the same conclusions, but it does contradict what has been termed elsewhere a mass extinction of taxonomists. (I do note the authors include untrained taxonomists in their numbers; that's a different issue, but, briefly, if taxonomy is to be practiced as a science, it needs its practitioners to be trained in population genetics, evolution, statistics, comparative biology, and the scientific method, and working in institutions that can archive their specimens and records, and provide collections, lab, and library support. Many biologists' low opinion of taxonomy leads them to the opinion that anyone can do it without training and a thorough background in relevant science.)
The other article analyses the citation problem, giving reasoned and evidence-based support for much of what I'm saying here. (Commendably, for a paywalled journal, this opinion piece is freely available.)
So here's a challenge to other biologists: if you value the taxonomic system that enables you to describe and interpret your research, cite at least one taxonomic paper that underpins each paper you publish, and commit to never omitting any relevant ones. It's a small thing to do to support the discipline that supports your work.
References not hyperlinked in the text.
Garnock Jones PJ, Webb CJ. 1996. The requirement to cite authors of plant names in botanical journals. Taxon 45: 285-286.
Sykes, W. R.; Garnock Jones, P. J., 1979: A new combination in Syzygium for Eugenia maire (Myrtaceae) of New Zealand. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 396-401
9 comments:
I agree that taxonomy is incredibly important. I've made heavy use of the NCBI-Taxonomy throughout my career. Often this is the only way to link very disparate data sources. If the taxonomy is incomplete or wrong (which I'm sure it is, but less wrong than anything else) then this affects all sorts of downstream analyses.ReplyDelete
One way to raise the profile of primary literature is to make sure it is cited in the relevant Wikipedia articles. The top Google hit for almost any species name is going to be a Wikipedia article, unless the article hasn't been written yet. If the WP references are more complete, the profile of the field increases and the citations should flow. At least more than previously.
Some thoughts.ReplyDelete
Taxonomy is doing fine
If you are going to argue that taxonomy is in trouble you will have to address studies such as http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.010 showing that the rate of taxonomic description has increased, as has the number of taxonomists. The number of taxonomists doing just taxonomy has declined, but this is not the same as saying taxonomy is in decline.
Does citing taxon authors matter?
At what point do taxonomic names simply become part of background knowledge? Do we really need to cite the original description of Drosophila melanogaster every time we use that fly (assuming taxonmists see sense and leave the name of this fly alone)? The original description is here: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15211574, and by itself has little content.
If the name is germane to the topic, then citing the authorities makes sense (for example, if the name change is recent, meaning that relevant past literature won't be found by searching for the current name).
Can we find the taxonomic citations?
In an active research field we have rapid publication of short-lived articles. These articles are almost always now online, have DOIs, and are indexed by services such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Hence they are readily findable and - assuming you or your workplace has a subscription - accessible.
This is not always the case for taxonomic literature. For example, the paper creating the new combination Syzygium maire was not, to my knowledge, online anywhere as an article until I added it to BioStor http://biostor.org/reference/117336 (you can also see it in the Biodiversity Heritage Library as part of the whole volume 60 of the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9255823 ). Nor is it easy to find this reference. If you know about IPNI you can search there, but you get a citation like this: "J. Arnold Arbor. 60(3): 400 (1979)." (601904-1). This isn't an article citation in the sense that most people understand it. The actual article spans pages 396-401, IPNI simply records the page the name occurs on.
So, the primary taxonomic literature is often hard to find, not online, and not cited by taxonomic databases in a form that others find useful. If taxonomy is serious about wanting people to cite primary descriptions it needs to tackle these problems.
Why we cite
Lastly, it seems to me the underlying issue here that we are using metrics based on citation to capture the "value" of research, and taxonomists want to change people's citation practices to reflect what taxonomists see as the value of their work. I don't think this is a game taxonomists can win.
For what it's worth:ReplyDelete
A call for the application of Appropriate Citation of Taxonomy was made by Seifert et al. 2008 (Persoonia 20: 105). In our journals Blumea and Persoonia we try to apply this principle. What it comes down to I quote from Blumea's Instructions for Authors:
• All references cited in the text and in the synonymy of the species.
• Wherever possible references for all DNA sequences used, even if these were downloaded from GenBank.
• As much as reasonably possible, the original publications for all binomials used in the text, in particular when the binomials are recent. When large numbers of taxa are cited, e.g. for descriptions of vegetation, this requirement may be superseded by the next one.
• Publications, revisionary or floristic, that form the basis of the taxonomy adopted even if only species names are used that derive their meaning from that publication. Thus, the use of a particular identification tool used in identifying material is to be considered sufficient reason to cite that tool. In the case of long-established species or long lists of species, the citation of a recent revision of this type may replace the citations for the original binomials.
It would be interesting to find out after 5 years now whether it has made any difference to any living author. Hardly, I'm afraid.
Excellent topic and write up. Sadly, it's not just the non-taxonomists who are at fault of not citing taxonomic works. I've done a fair bit of cataloging and more often than not, when a work includes a synonymy list there is no citation as to where that list came from. Yes, we should cite the author(s) who first describe a species if we are using that species name because not doing so is as bad as using someone's hypothesis without citing them, but a synonymy decision is also a hypothesis and takes work to generate. A synonymy list is often the accumulation of many people's efforts. Although it might be hard to properly cite everyone involved, at least the immediate source of the list(s) can be cited - perhaps an earlier catalog. If any new changes are made, or synonymy decisions were re-reviewed and confirmed this information should be made clear to distinguish what is the current author(s)' work from that which was published previously.ReplyDelete
I say this in part because it's very hard to trace through the literature who did what with names if taxonomists aren't making this clear in their own works. Also, I had an entire catalog I published re-published by another team of authors verbatim, without citing my original. The production team didn't allow such citations! (And this wasn't a cheap knock-off, it was a high-profile European work).
Thank you to the commenters above for adding value, depth, and perspective to my post.ReplyDelete
One more point that I intended to include is that taxonomic papers are often limited in their readership by taxon and by geography, yet their contribution is long-lasting. It's unrealistic to expect a taxonomic monograph to be highly cited within a few years of publication, but it might well be still being cited a hundred years from now. Using recent citations as a measure of quality is fine in principle, but it must be less reliable for comparisons between (sub)disciplines, and it shouldn't be the only measure. As a colleague pointed out to me in a different forum, "Perhaps taxonomists need to emphasise their own metrics to demonstrate usage of the names they create (as one measure of the utility of their work)."
Posted on the TAXACOm list after your blogpost was recommended ther by Jim Croft:ReplyDelete
Nicely written blogpost, and I like the advice at the end, but I was stopped by this:
'Why does this matter? As the world's population grows and ecological relationships unravel under the stress, our understanding of the diversity of life on earth is becoming more and more critical.'
I have trouble seeing this as anything more than a non sequitur. Critical for what? Garnock-Jones goes on to suggest:
(a) documenting (and maybe avoiding or 'repairing') extinction (which inevitably increases with population growth and more intensive Earth use)
(b) finding new foods and drugs (which help increase population growth and more intensive Earth use)
(c) identifying 'the pests and diseases that threaten agriculture, horticulture, and public health' (so that increasing population growth and more intensive Earth use aren't held back)
(d) recognising 'a local species that's a canary for water quality or temperature rise is replaced by a similar-looking exotic pest with a wider tolerance' (i.e., better adapted to a world with explosive population growth and more intensive Earth use)
Taxonomy doesn't help slow population growth or reduce destructive uses of the Earth. (b) and (c), above, make those problems worse, and (a) and (d) fall under the general heading of 'monitoring': documenting a catastrophe so that those people experiencing it can feel even worse about it, and so that anyone living post-catastrophe can see that we were aware of it but helpless to stop it.
If taxonomy has a 'critical' role to play, it's in documenting what we're losing (biodiversity salvage), i.e. gathering up the most at-risk bits of the shrinking resource of biological information, simply because that information won't be around in future and will have value for anyone interested.
We're busily and enthusiastically engineering a world with much lower biological diversity and an abundance of 'similar-looking exotic pest[s] with a wider tolerance' and much wider distributions. What 'critical' role can taxonomy play in this project, which has the support or grudging acceptance of nearly everyone?
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.ReplyDelete
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Latest results from Operation Sceptre in July
News • Jul 19, 2017 12:16 BST
The latest phase of the Met's Operation Sceptre to tackle knife crime has seen more than 500 arrests and over 400 weapons taken off the streets.
Latest phase of Operation Sceptre
News • Jul 10, 2017 11:45 BST
The Met is carrying out a series of activities in an attempt to deter young people from carrying knives
Commissioner meets community members to discuss knife crime
News • May 18, 2017 17:00 BST
The Commissioner visited Wandsworth to meet with community members and families to discuss violent crime
UPDATE: Operation Sceptre Phase Six
News • Oct 21, 2016 17:22 BST
Police have arrested 249 people and recovered 176 weapons during Operation Sceptre
Met launches Phase Six of Operation Sceptre
News • Oct 17, 2016 14:15 BST
UK forces have launched Phase Six of anti-knife crime initiative to remove knives and weapons from our streets
Trident's Operation Sceptre challenges knife crime across London
News • Feb 16, 2016 17:35 GMT
During phase three of Operation Sceptre Specialist Crime units, borough police and partners ran a number of initiatives in support of an anti-knife crime drive.
Third phase of Op Sceptre underway
News • Feb 09, 2016 12:46 GMT
This week has seen the launch of the third phase of Operation Sceptre - a week-long operation to tackle knife crime head-on.


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Is the Market for David Price Softer than Expected? Will the Rays Hold Onto Him?
We've discussed the trade market impact, for the Cubs, of David Price being moved by the Rays, so I won't rehash. Suffice it to say, there's a relationship at play, and, if Price is moved out of the AL East for a high cost, it helps the Cubs, or if the Rays decide to keep Price, it helps the Cubs. If he's shopped within the AL East and is let go for a song, that ain't good.
Recently, Rays' head of baseball operations and GM Andrew Friedman conceded to the New York Times that trading players in Price's situation – increasingly expensive and approaching free agency – is just about the only way the Rays can continue to be competitive. In other words, it would seem he was saying a Price trade is a lock.
But then Friedman said that, right now, prospects are "really overvalued" in the game, and "the attrition rate and the hit rate isn't factored in nearly enough or appreciated enough."
All in all, it still sounds like the team plans to trade Price, but are Friedman's comments an indication that he's finding the market soft for Price right now? And, if so, is that the product of offers coming down in recent years (in part, probably, thanks to pitcher deal after deal that is perceived as a huge win for the seller – Shields, Feldman, Garza, Dickey, etc.), or of teams not valuing Price where Friedman thinks they should?
After all, Price's value is kind of a tricky one. If you're the Rays, you argue that he's a top ten arm in the game, making him enormously valuable. The numbers bear that out, Price is still relatively young, and he comes with a year and a half of control. If you're a suitor, on the other hand, you see the velocity dip and the extremely high mileage on Price's arm, and you see that he makes a ton of money this year, and will be borderline free-agent-priced in his final year of arbitration last year, and you question how much surplus value there is in a trade for Price.
Does this necessarily mean the market is soft for all pitchers right now? Or at least for the closest similar piece out there, Jeff Samardzija? It's hard to say. Maybe Friedman is being unrealistic. Maybe there are particularized concerns about Price that don't exist for Samardzija. Or maybe teams are just being stingy right now because we're still four-plus weeks away from the Trade Deadline.
For his part, however, Price has recently suggested that he sees a sentiment change, telling Marc Topkin that he thinks he'll still be in Tampa after July 31. The predicate for his feelings, however, is a short run by the Rays of winning five of their last six games, and eight of their last twelve. The reality is that, with the Trade Deadline coming later this month, the Rays are 13 games under .500. They are 9.5 games back in the crowded AL East, with all four other teams ahead of them.
It's impossible to see the Rays becoming playoff contenders by the end of the year, let alone quickly enough to stave off some trades.
In other words, Price's thoughts notwithstanding, I do still think he'll remain on the trade market. I also think, Friedman's frustration notwithstanding, he'll be traded this month. If the Rays wait until the offseason, not only does a trading partner lose the *huge* value associated with having Price for the stretch run this year, they also will have to foot the bill for Price's 2015 arbitration salary, which could be only a few million dollars shy of what he'd make in free agency. How much is that worth?
Not nearly as much as Price is worth right now, soft market or not.


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• Virginia boy killed by tree felled by Irene
• Nash County man crushed to death by tree limb
• Hurricane Irene sways local shipping
MITCH WEISS, Associated Press
TOM BREEN, Associated Press
NAGS HEAD, N.C. - Hurricane Irene battered North Carolina's coast on Saturday, wreaking havoc in the form of spreading power outages affecting more than 91,000 customers, street flooding and splintered piers as it began a potentially catastrophic run up the East Coast.
The National Hurricane Center in Miami said the enormous storm had weakened somewhat but winds topping 80 mph (130 kph) began lashing the shoreline near Jacksonville, N.C., around dawn. Gusts as high as 94 mph (151 kph) were recorded in that area at the southern tip of North Carolina's Outer Banks.
The storm's ill-defined center next made landfall near Cape Lookout about an hour afterward at about 7:30 a.m.
At the resort town of Nags Head on the Outer Banks, winds whipped heavy rain Saturday morning. Tall waves covered the beach and the big, foaming rollers pushed as high as the backs of some houses and hotels.
Transportation officials shut down two major highways along the North Carolina coast as Irene pummeled the region. The Department of Transportation said state Highway 12 through the southern Outer Banks and U.S. 64 east of Columbia to near Nags Head were closed Saturday morning.
The roads are expected to stay closed until the worst of the weather from Irene moves away and crews can make sure the highways are passable. Authorities say the ocean has washed over NC 12 both on Ocracoke Island north of the village of Ocracoke and in Dare County south of the Bonner Bridge.
NC 12 is the fragile, two-lane lifeline that connects the small Outer Banks villages to the mainland, while U.S. 64 is the main route from mainland North Carolina to the Outer Banks.
Power outages were affecting tens of thousands of customers.
Progress Energy reported more than 67,000 customers without power, with more than 14,000 each in New Hanover and Carteret counties. Virginia-based Dominion Power reported more than 24,000 customers in North Carolina without power.
Among those without power is Carteret General Hospital in Morehead City. A woman who answered the phone there says the hospital is running on generators.
Progress Energy said it will have an additional 800 line workers and 250 tree cutters at its disposal once the storm blows by and it's safe to venture out.
Two piers along North Carolina's southern Outer Banks have been damaged in Hurricane Irene. Emerald Isle town manager Frank Rush says the end of Bogue Inlet Pier collapsed. In addition, part of the pier behind the Sheraton Hotel in Atlantic Beach has collapsed.
After bashing the North Carolina coast, Irene is expected to continue churning its way up the East Coast on an uncertain path through some of the most densely populated areas of the United States. Some 65 million people live in that corridor vulnerable to Irene's slashing winds, heavy rains and battering coastal waves.
Belhaven Town manager Guinn Leverett said a mobile home, an outbuilding and trees were damaged late Friday in the Beaufort County town even before Irene arrived as the result of a possible tornado. He said it was too dark when the damage took place to be sure of the extent of it or the exact cause.
Also Saturday, authorities said rescuers will resume their search as soon as possible for a man who jumped or fell into the Cape Fear River in Castle Hayne as Hurricane Irene bore down on the region.
Sgt. J.J. Brewer of the New Hanover County Sheriff's Department said early Saturday that authorities have set up a command post near a boat ramp at the Cape Fear River. He says they received a report that a man either jumped or fell into the river. Rescuers put a boat in the water for a few minutes but were unable to locate anyone.
He says the missing man was one of three men who went to the boat ramp. He wasn't sure when authorities received the call.
Meanwhile, some on the exposed Outer banks decided to ride out the hurricane, ignoring warnings earlier in the week to get out.
Officials including Gov. Beverly Perdue had made last-minute pleas for residents to leave the coast ahead of Irene, amid fears that a powerful storm surge was likely to overwash coastal roads. They also pointed out the danger of the punishing winds and warned that flooding could also affect inland communities along rivers that flow into the sounds.
Though top sustained winds had fallen from 100 mph to 90 mph in a matter of hours, but Irene was expected to spend hours grinding over eastern North Carolina before heading further up the Eastern Seaboard.
The swath of the storm could affect more than 3.5 million people living in 20 eastern counties, the governor said.
Eighteen eastern counties were under some form of mandatory or voluntary evacuation order or request for visitors, residents or both, according to the state Division of Emergency Management. More than 60 shelters were open in 26 counties.
While many tourists and residents heeded orders earlier in the week, some die-hards planned to stay and officials issued dire notices.
Frisco Fire Chief Richard Marlin told The Associated Press that he ordered 75 body bags to supplement his Hatteras Island town's normal supply of 10.
"I anticipate we're going to have people floating on the streets, and I don't want to leave them lying there," Marlin said.
About 2,500 of the 4,000 or so full-time residents of Hatteras were still on the island, officials said. About half of Ocracoke's 1,000 year-rounders were also apparently choosing to face the storm, as the last ferry from the island - the only way to get on and off - sailed at 4 p.m. EDT.
To the north, Nags Head and nearby areas like Kill Devil Hills, normally thronged this time of year with late-summer tourists, were rendered ghost towns after people boarded up businesses and homes and evacuated earlier.
The state has been positioning itself with food, water, tarps and other disaster recovery supplies at locations throughout eastern North Carolina, said Ernie Seneca, a state emergency management spokesman.
The National Weather Service said areas most likely to accumulate the greatest flooding include the Outer Banks, areas adjacent to the Pamlico and Albemarle sounds, the Neuse and Pamlico rivers and in Carteret County. The combined storm surge could reach 10 feet or higher above ground level in parts of Carteret County and along the southern Pamlico Sound, the weather office said. Farther north, the Currituck County community of Corolla also could experience significant flooding, according to forecasters.


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Anivia Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
With This Build you have enough Health to live long, enough Mana to cast your Spells, and enough Ability Power to kill most enemys with a single spell combo.
Items: 1.Sapphire Crystal
2.Catalyst the Protector
3.Boots of Speed
4.Mejais Soulstealer
5.Sorcerer Shoes
6.Rod of Ages
7.Archangel���´s Staff
8.Rylai���´s Crystal Scepter
9.Zhonya���´s Ring


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Deaths from cardiorespiratory arrests, such as that of professional footballer Christian Benitez, could be reduced by a new algorithm.
Benitez, who played 58 times for Ecuador and was one of his country's all-time leading goalscorers, died yesterday of cardiorespiratory failure after being admitted to hospital for stomach pains, according to his Qatari club El Jaish, who signed him only three weeks ago.
But a new algorithm capable of diagnosing heart rhythm with just 3 seconds' worth of signal developed by researchers at the University of the Basque Country could help to cut the number of deaths from such incidents.
The team from the Signal and Communications Group of the Faculty of Engineering has demonstrated that the algorithm makes it possible to come up with a diagnosis as to whether an electric shock needs to be applied without stopping vital cardiac massage.
"We don't save lives, we just do research," Jesús Ruiz, leader of the team makes clear. "But what has been confirmed is that it is cardiac massage that saves lives."
During a cardiorespiratory arrest it is essential to apply immediate and continuous thoracic compressions that ensure enough blood gets to the brain and the heart itself.
This is where the automated external defibrillator (AED) plays an important role. They are simple pieces of equipment that can be used by people with the minimum of training, and are common in airports, shopping centres and sports centres.
The devices analyse the patient's cardiac rhythm and indicate to the person assisting whether they have to move away for an electric shock to be applied or whether they have to continue with the cardiac massage.
The problem is that the thoracic compressions lead to interference with the signal that the AED is picking up. As a result, the compressions have to be stopped so that the equipment can reliably diagnose the rhythm.
But, interrupting the compressions lowers the patient's chances of survival, prompting researchers to carry out work over the last 15 years to cut out this interference.
Current guidelines recommend stopping the compressions every two minutes to analyse the rhythm reliably. If the interference is cut out, it would be possible to make a diagnosis without stopping the massage.
"But if the device inappropriately tells you to stop, because it has picked up a defibrillatable rhythm, and it turns out not to be the case, you may stop the compressions for longer than what is advised in the guidelines," explains Ruiz.
But in another article published in February in the journal Resuscitation, Ruiz' group proposed an alternative to cutting out the interference – by taking advantage in the ventilation pauses to diagnose heart rhythm.
"The guidelines propose 2-minute cycles with intervals of 30 compressions, which are about 20 seconds, and 2 ventilations, which are 5 seconds. And the article shows, for the first time, that it is possible to take advantage of the ventilation intervals, in which there is no interference, to make a reliable diagnosis.
"That way we would have a reliable diagnosis every 20 seconds; much more efficient than what the rules state, which is every two minutes," said Ruiz.
To be able to make a diagnosis in these 5 seconds, they have applied a rapid algorithm, developed by the group.
"While a normal algorithm takes 9 seconds' worth of signal to make a diagnosis, we have developed one that is very reliable and works with short signals. With the 3 seconds we can make a pretty reliable diagnosis," said Ruiz.
This algorithm has now been introduced and is being sold in the R800 defibrillator produced by the company Osatu S. Coop. (Ermua, Bizkaia, Basque Country) with which the group has been collaborating for over 12 years.
Osatu is a small co-operative that designs, manufactures and markets AEDs and manual monitor-defibrillators under the brand name Bexencardio. In September they will be launching another two models equipped with the same algorithm.


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America's Best Value in Log Home and Log Cabin Building (Click for Floor Plan)
Have a look at the charming Cullowhee II: Square Footage: 1,423. This beautiful and simple log home floor plan has so much to offer, with two bedrooms and two bathrooms over two stories. This log home may not look like a lot from the photo, but the floor plan is very strategically planned out and designed to ensure the maximum potential for the use of the square footage. Included in this fine floor plan is a generously sized kitchen as well as a full sized dining room that could hold a dining room table to seat up to ten or perhaps more people. The living room is also a wonderful size, with enough room for a couch and some over sized chairs, to lounge and relax in style. The living room area also features cathedral ceilings that also have an effect on the grand feeling of the interior of the log home.
In the upper level of this log home, you will see the second bedroom with it's own bathroom. This layout provides excellent advantages for privacy for more than two or three occupants. There is also a small balcony loft space that overlooks the living room area down below on the first level, which also keeps the connection to the lower level creating a continuous flow in the floor plan. The more open a log home floor plan can be, the better. This creates a feeling of expansion rather than contraction in the log home making it feel larger than it is. Even though the floor plan's square footage is only 939 square feet on the main floor and then 484 square feet on the upper level, this log home feels like a much larger home, since the square footage was utilized well.
The Cullowhee II log home comes from a collection of log home models from Blue Ridge Log Cabins. Blue Ridge Log Cabins is a log home company that designs and builds log homes and cabins from their facility in South Carolina. The company started up in 1992 and has grown so quickly over the past twenty years that Inc. Magazine named it one of the fastest-growing private companies. So that says a lot about their company and their ability to provide good service and quality for their customers, as well as being able to be innovative to expand their company. The Blue Ridge Log Cabins company has also been featured on HGTV's show, Best Ever Log Homes as one of the Most Economical Log Home" !
The company prefabricates all of the log homes they build in the controlled environment of their factory, where everything is closely monitored for quality assurance and accuracy. This company has take the best parts of the only options that had been given to prospective log home owners in the past, which were: either to build a custom log home which takes up to a year to source and manufacture all of the materials, and then time to construct, or to have a log home building kit delivered to their property and build it themselves or have it build for them. Blue Ridge Log Cabins integrated both of these options to give people a more efficient way to have their log home or cabin built. They source all of the materials, and they build the log home or cabin right in their own workshop. All of their logs are kiln dried to ensure the least amount of moisture, and they use the full, round log so all of their log cabins and homes have all of the amazing benefits the logs have to offer including high thermal mass and water and insect repellant. Have a look at more of their beautiful log cabins and homes!
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Klean Kanteen Stainless Flat Cap
Where to Buy
sponsored links
Help support this site by making your next gear purchase through one of the links above. Click a link, buy what you need, and the seller will contribute a portion of the purchase price to support Trailspace's independent gear reviews.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
For the purist looking for a sleek, low-profile look and a 100% stainless environment, the Stainless Flat Cap is the way to go.
- GearX.com
All styles of Klean Kanteen Caps are available and they include the Poly Sport 2.0, Poly Loop, Poly Flat, Stainless Loop and Stainless Flat caps that work with all sizes of the Classic Klean Kanteen. All caps and lids are interchangable with all sizes of Klean Kanteens. Stainless steel loop and flat caps are available for those who prefer that only stainless come in contact with their beverage. Customize your Klean Kanteen collection to your liking or simply replace a lost top. All Klean Kanteen caps are made from polypropylene, a safe plastic that's free of BPA, phthalates and other toxins. The revolutionary Sport Cap 2.0 effortlessly delivers a high flow rate that makes it easy to drink from your bottle without removing the cap. The Loop Cap is totally leakproof and has a durable attachment point so you can clip it on to just about anything. Flat Cap is low-profile, unobtrusive and leakproof
- Tahoe Mountain Sports
You've got the stainless bottle, but what about the cap - make sure your drink never touches plastic with the Klean Kanteen Stainless Flat Cap. The inner threaded part of the cap is food-grade stainless steel and the sleek outer part is made of BPA-free polypropylene.
- Mountain Gear
Designed to give you a low-profile option that doesn't take up much room. It's the choice for itty bitty purses, jam packed bags or those times when you want a smooth, simple look. Creates an all-stainless interior. Interchangeable with all Kanteen(R) Classic bottle sizes. Should be handwashed. Cap is leakproof. Made using BPA-free polypropylene (pp#5) on the outside, the inner, threaded part of the cap is 18/8, food-grade stainless steel so your drinks never touch plastic. It's the same high quality stainless steel we use to make our bottles, so it's totally free of BPA
- Rocky Mountain Trail
Similar Products
Klean Kanteen Stainless Flip D-ring Cap
Klean Kanteen Stainless LPT Bamboo Cap
Klean Kanteen Flat Cap
Guyot Designs SplashGuard
Nalgene Insulated Water Bottle Sleeve
$9 - $17
Platypus Bite Valve Cover
$4 - $5
Platypus Bite Valve and Drink Tube Insulator Kit
$10 - $19
Hydro Flask Standard Mouth Loop Cap
Klean Kanteen Stainless Flat Cap
previously retailed for:
$2.49 - $5.95
$2.49 - $5.95
The Klean Kanteen Stainless Flat Cap is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen August 24, 2015 at Tahoe Mountain Sports.


text:
With Betty Rose, professional tattoo artist and major cat lover, it's all about Cattoos -- cat tattoos, that is. Kitties have played a huge role in Betty's life and her reverence for feline friends has subsequently made it into the lives and onto the skin of her impressive client list. Permanently. In this unique episode, learn more about The Cattoo through the eyes and ink of a tattoo genius and be inspired by her truly creative take on what it is to be a cat lover.
Directed by: Emily Sheskin
Camera: Emily Sheskin
Graphics: Sarah Cortese
Audio Engineer: Mike Jansson


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I am thrilled to announce the opening of the first offical Bobbi Brown store in Madrid. This New York City brand highlights the importance of enhancing your natural beauty, and just so happens to be one of my favorite brands of makeup.
You can buy all sorts of makeup, brushes, skincare and fragrance at the store. It´s located in Barrio Salamanca on Calle Lagasca, 32.


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This is an update of a deal I wrote about last year.
Mother's Day is about six weeks away, leaving you ample time to do something really special. Forget the flowers, the chocolates, and all the usual stuff; this time, give her something personal, something unique, something homemade.
For example, you know all those photos in Mom's phone, the ones she's been collecting for years but never bothers to download or print? Why not turn them into a slideshow, one you can burn to a DVD and show during the Mother's Day festivities?
Ah, right, you don't have the right software for that. Well, now you do: Wondershare is offering DVD Slideshow Builder Standard (Windows) for free when you register for a Wondershare account. (It's also free, and you can use a disposable e-mail address if you don't want extra marketing messages cluttering your inbox.)
Normally $49.95, the program lets you put together a basic slideshow, complete with menus and music, then burn it to DVD (or share it on YouTube, Facebook, etc.). It includes over 200 templates covering a variety of themes and occasions.
To get the giveaway, click through using the link above, then click the big, green Get It Free button. If you already have a Wondershare account, just sign in -- otherwise click the orange Sign Up button and follow the instructions from there. You'll need to wait on your account-confirmation e-mail before you can sign in and access the freebie. After you do sign in, you'll be able to download the software via your My Account page (specifically the My Products tab).
I won't say DVD Slideshow Builder Standard is the most capable program of its kind; it really just gives you basic, simple tools. That's no doubt fine for some users, but if you want extras like transition effects and Ken Burns-style pan-and-zoom, you'll need to look elsewhere (or upgrade to DVD Slideshow Builder Deluxe, which is no doubt Wondershare's intention).
Indeed, if you've found a slideshow maker you like better, especially one that's free, tell me about it in the comments.
In the meantime, you've got about two days left to take advantage of this offer.


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A young man was fighting for his life after going over the railing of an elevated park near the South Street Seaport, authorities said Tuesday.
The unidentified man fell off the first-floor green space, known as the Elevated Acre, at 55 Water St. just after 1:33 p.m., officials said.
Edwin Tejada, 38, a worker at the Impark garage under the park, said he talked to a customer who witnessed the horror.
"I was driving in, and the lady said, 'Oh, my god, he jumped!' " Tejada said. "He almost fell on her. I heard the boom and looked back."
Tejada said the victim wasn't moving after he landed on the ground, and authorities said EMS rushed him to Bellevue Hospital in critical condition.
Witnesses said he appeared to be in his early 20s, with a white t-shirt, black striped gym shorts and white sneakers.


text:
In Today's Times:
The 113th Congress will convene in a few hours, but lawmakers are already bracing for the next fiscal fight over the debt ceiling. Jackie Calmes and Michael D. Shear write that President Obama has no plans to negotiate with Republicans, who are demanding spending cuts as part of a deal to raise the debt ceiling in February, setting the stage for another standoff that could imperil the economic recovery.
Negotiations over the so-called fiscal cliff may have provided President Obama a new avenue for negotiating with Congress, which begins its 113th session today with several fiscal deadlines approaching. Jonathan Weisman explains that as House Republicans seek to block the president's agenda, Mr. Obama may be able to overcome their opposition by getting party leaders in the Senate to forge bipartisan deals. Mr. Obama is set to begin executing his "game plan" in the coming weeks with a goal of reaching a broad agreement with Congress on revenues and spending.
A relief package for victims of Hurricane Sandy will become a priority for the House, as Speaker John A. Boehner moves to quiet the bitter uproar from Northeast Republicans that followed his decision to quash an existing aid bill. Raymond Hernandez reports that Mr. Boehner plans to bring the aid to a vote in two steps, a $9 billion relief package on Friday and a $51 billion package on Jan. 15.
David Leonhardt writes that the fiscal deal reached this week is full of small victories for President Obama and his Congressional allies, but that it cost them some leverage in future fiscal battles. While the fight helped Mr. Obama steer federal policies to help the poor and the middle class, it failed to provide the certainty of a long-term agreement, which would have helped him avoid some coming battles.
Gen. John Allen, the top American commander in Afghanistan, has come up with plans to keep as many as 20,000 American troops there after the scheduled troop withdrawal in 2014. Elisabeth Bumiller and Eric Schmitt report that President Obama is expected to discuss a range of options for the American military when he meets with the Afghan president, Hamid Karzai, next week.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is out of the hospital and expected to make a full recovery after receiving treatment for a blood clot in her head. But, as Denise Grady and Mark Landler explain, Mrs. Clinton's history of blood clots has raised questions about whether she can sustain the breakneck pace she has worked at since 2007 and her prospects as a Democratic presidential candidate in 2016.
Happening in Washington:
At 4 a.m., the American Bankers Association will release a report containing third-quarter delinquency data for several consumer loan categories.
Economic reports scheduled for release today include weekly jobless claims at 8:30 a.m., followed at 10 by weekly mortgage rates.
The 113th Congress convenes for the first time at noon.
Government officials plan to mark the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation with a ceremony at 3 p.m. at President Abraham Lincoln's cottage in northwest Washington.


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The Food
About Us
Beer, Events & Specials
Contact Us
@ 120
The Food
About Us
Beer, Events & Specials
Contact us
At 120 Taphouse & Bistro we make it all from scratch using local ingredients when possible and in season. We specialize in stuffed burgers, craft beer and fun egg rolls we call "Doobies" filled with all of our fresh ingredients. Our menu changes with the season and we usually have a special or two on the chalkboard as well. Take a look at our latest menu below. Enjoy!!
120 Taphouse Menu – Available All Day
Lunch Express Menu Available Tuesday-Friday 11am-2pm
Catering Menu
Daily Hours
Monday – Closed
Tuesday – Thursday 11 am – 11 pm
Friday 11 am – Midnight
Saturday Noon – Midnight
Sunday – Noon – 10 pm
Kitchen Closes at 10 pm Tues-Thurs, 11 pm Fri & Sat and 9 pm Sundays
120 Taphouse & Bistro may be new, but it's heritage is not. The 100+ year old building and property once housed a farm supply store, the Michigan Secretary of State and for decades a hamburger joint that was in a train car. Dubbed Hotel De Hamburger it was famous for "Sage Burgers" (The owners last name). In the late 80's the next generation of Sage's added a Chris Craft boat for a bar and changed to an upscale restaurant named The Harbor. Most famously, I'll argue in 1995 it became the home of Bistro 120. Bistro 120 was a beloved staple in the Paw Paw community for 20 years, but all great things must come to an end and in 2015 the owners decided to retire. When crafting the idea for the next incantation of this historic property we looked towards the past for ideas of what the future of 120 East Michigan Ave should look like. Bistro 120 showed the Paw Paw community what eating fresh, from scratch and local was like, way before it was the fad it is today. Hotel de Hamburger was many families weekly treat; it was the place people met, gathered and even on a couple occasions found their spouse! Our goal is to be stewards of these great Paw Paw traditions. We'll continue making all our own dishes from scratch and with as much locally sourced food as we can. We'll also be the meeting place for the next generation and never forget to always take pride in what we serve.
Daily Hours
Monday – Closed
Tuesday – Thursday 11 am – 11 pm
Friday 11 am – Midnight
Saturday Noon – Midnight
Sunday – Noon – 10 pm
Events, Specials
So, what's our take on a Taphouse?? Our goal is quality over quantity; we want you to come explore new beers on draft and "talk beer" with our staff every time you visit. Therefore, we'll only have a selection of 15 beers on draft, but we'll rotate them daily and make sure there is always something new to try. We'll scour the distributors for the rare, the different and the delicious. We're also in the heart of wine country, so we'll always have a plethora of great local wines, your favorite spirits and specialty spirits infused with local cucumbers, strawberries, blueberries, apples and whatever else we concoct. Cheers!
Daily Specials
Visit our Facebook page for our daily specials!
Current Beers On Draft
For more info visit us at
Upcoming Events
Tail-Waggin' Tuesdays – Bring your dog to dinner on our patio every Tuesday (Weather Permitting) 5:00 pm to close.
The Burco-Melon Project Thursdays – Join Us Every Thursday for Live Music from The Burco-Melon Project on our outdoor patio!
Get in touch
with us
Find us
120 E Michigan Ave, Paw Paw, MI 49079
(269) 657-3654
[wpgmza id="1"]
Contact us