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Data mart or data warehouse?
This is part two in my six part series on business intelligence, with a focus on OLAP analysis.
- Part 1 – Intro to OLAP
- Identifying the differences between a data warehouse and a data mart. (this post)
- Introduction to MDX and the kind of SQL which a ROLAP tool must generate to answer those queries.
- Performance challenges with larger databases, and some ways to help performance using aggregation.
- Using materialized views to automate that aggregation process.
- Comparing the performance of OLAP with and without aggregation over multiple MySQL storage engines at various data scales.
What is a data warehouse?
It turns out that this question is a little more difficult to answer than it probably should be. This is because data warehousing has become an overloaded term that includes BI tools (OLAP/data mining), data extraction and transformation tools (ETL), and schema management tools.
To me, the definition of data warehouse is "A relational database schema which stores historical data and metadata from an operational system or systems, in such a way as to facilitate the reporting and analysis of the data, aggregated to various levels." This definition is a consolidation of various definitions that I have encountered.
There are a few key points here. First, data warehouses rarely contain information that exists no where else in an organization. The goal of data warehousing is to collect and make a historical record of the information from another system. This might be an ERP application, the logs from a web application, data from manufacturing systems or even data from radio telescopes. This data is extracted from the source system(s) and then cleaned up and inserted into the data warehouse with ETL tools. This process is usually called "conforming" the source data into the warehouse schema. Another important aspect of the definition is aggregation. A data warehouse is usually used to summarize data over years, months, quarters, or other time dimension attributes. This aids in identifying historical trends and making predictions about future trends. Data is often aggregated in many different ways. Aggregated data may be stored in aggregated tables so that it can be accessed quickly. This is particularly important as fact tables reach into the billions of rows and hundreds of gigabytes of information is accumulated. Accessing this data outside of summarized form often takes a very long time.
Is there a particular schema design which lends itself to this historical analysis?
There are two main methodologies which are practiced when it comes to designing database schemata for database warehouse applications. These two methodologies approach the problem of storing data in very different ways.
The first methodology was popularized by Bill Inmon, who is considered by many to be the "father" of the data warehouse, or at least the first dw "evangelist" if you will. This approach focuses on the normalization of data. Highly normalized schema are created and maintained by ETL jobs. Creating and maintaining these jobs is often one of the biggest parts of designing and running a data warehouse. A particular combination of ETL jobs which consist of one or more data transformations is usually called a "flow". An example ETL flow might combine data from item and category information into a single dimension, while also maintaining the historical information about when each item was in each category.
These types of warehouses are almost always "insert only". Data is very likely never updated or deleted in these databases and they are expected to grow to very large sizes, usually into the terabyte range, but sometimes even into petabytes. Aggregations are the exception to this rule, as they must be updated periodically to reflect the additions of data to the source tables. The goal of this methodology is the 100% accurate description of historical data from the operational system in a normalized manner which ensures that it is able to be updated quickly. It is accepted that analysis of the data will be more complex in this form, but that this complexity is an acceptable trade off for historical accuracy. This is often described as the "top-down" approach.
What is a data mart?
The second approach, popularized by Ralph Kimball holds that partial de-normalization of the data is beneficial. The goal of a this approach is usually multi-dimensional (OLAP) analysis as it is very hard to create a dimensional model from a highly normalized database schema. It is particularly difficult to build such a model that scales as the volume in the warehouse increases. For this reason OLAP analysis usually is performed on a star schema which partially denormalizes the data. A star schema about a particular subject matter, such as sales, is usually referred to as a "data mart". Maybe this is because they provide one stop shopping for all the information about the particular subject matter. That is pretty much what I imagine when I hear the phrase.
Data marts tend to be updated frequently, at least once per day. As I mentioned in my previous post, a star schema consists of a central table called the fact table and additional dimension tables which contain information about the facts, such as lists of customers or products. Because of the partially denormalized nature of a star schema, the dimension tables in a data mart may be updated. In fact, there is a term for such a dimension – A "slowly changing dimension" or SCD. The fact table is usually only inserted to, but older data may be purged out of it. Sometimes the fact table will be aggregated from source data. A website which sells banner ads might roll up all the events for a particular ad to the day level, instead of storing detailed information about every impression and click for the ad.
A normalized data warehouse schema might contain tables called items, categories and item_category. These three tables allow a user to determine which items belong to which categories, but this structure creates a large number of joins when many dimensions are involved. A data mart would collapse all of this information into an item dimension which would include the category information in the same row as the item information. It would be possible create two different dimensions, product and category, but performance tends to decrease as the number of dimensions increases.
The difference illustrated
In this mock ERD diagram you can three schemata representing sales orders. The star schema is very denormalized, having only four tables which represent the subject. The data warehouse schema, on the other hand, is very normalized and requires tens of tables to represent the same subject. The snowflake schema is a compromise between the two extremes.
Is one better than the other?
In the game of data warehousing, a combination of these methods is of course allowed. A company might take the top-down approach where they maintain a large historical data warehouse, but they also build data marts for OLAP analysis from the warehouse data. A different approach is to build a relational warehouse from multiple data marts, or the so-called bottom-up approach to data warehousing.
There is also a cousin of the star schema in which the dimensions are normalized. This type of schema is usually called a snowflake schema. The three table item/category/item_category tables in the warehouse schema example would be considered a snowflake. A dimension table (item) must be joined to additional tables (item_category,category) to find the category. These are not as popular as star schemas because they tend to not perform as well as a star schema, particularly as the volume of data in the database increases.
So what is the big deal?
From a OLAP performance standpoint, many databases will perform better on a star schema than on a snowflake or fully normalized schema at data warehouse volumes. This is in large part because commercial database software supports hash joins, bitmap indexes, table partitioning, parallel query execution, clustered tables and materialized views. These features make working with a star schema much easier than it may be on MySQL, but it is definitely possibly to use MySQL as long as the right tools and techniques are used. There are ways in which can add some of these features to MySQL as well, but that is a topic for a later post.
In the next post I'll talk more about Mondrian and about MDX, the multi-dimensional query language. Mondrian turns MDX into SQL, so we'll also look at the kinds of queries which are generated by OLAP analysis.
21 Comments
Nice writeup, and a great series – keep it up!
two things I noticed:
#1: "The fact table is usually only inserted to, but older data may be purged out of it."
I'd say this is true in general, but there is one particular case of fact table that is frequently updated – it is the type of fact table that Ralph Kimball calls the accumulating snapshot. In this kind of fact table, one row represents one single business process, and as the process develops in time and acquires a new state (out of a set of pre-defined states) the row is updated to store all data relevant to that particular state.
A simple example can be set up for the sakila sample database: the rental process has a least two distinct states, the rental and the return. So an accumulating snapshot would at least include a link to the date dimension for the rental data, and one for the return date. The former would be filled in when the fact row is created, the latter would be updated as soon as return occurs. A useful metric to record would be the rental duration, which would be updated also at the time of the return.
#2: "Ralph Kimball holds that partial de-normalization of the data is beneficial."
Yes, but I'd say it's more specific than that – it's not just denormalized, the main point of Kimballs method is to use a dimensional model, with a single central fact table (which is typically normalized) to store the metrics of interest and link them to the dimension tables to record context in which they were measured.
From this perspective the snowflake and the star are both examples of a dimension model, it's just that in a star the dimensions are implemented using a single (denormalized) dimension table, whereas in the snowflake the dimension tables are normalized (to some extent), typically having a single dimension table for each level for the hierarchies along which the metrics are to be rolled up.
Thanks Roland! Good points.
The accumulating snapshot is a snapshot (aka materialized view or summary table). It might be built from two tables containing rental and return information. Since the fact table itself is a summary, it is excepted from the "insert only" rule. The same thing is true for fact tables that are aggregated to a particular grain. These tables are often inserted into with "ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE" and the measures are adjusted appropriately.
Hi Justin!
I don't think the "snapshot" in "accumulating snapshot" is the one you're thinking of – I mean what is discussed in this article:
So, just a normal fact table, no aggregation or materialized views going on.
Thanks, I understand what you mean now.
These articles have been really interesting/useful. Will the rest of the six post series appear on the blog at some stage?
hurray! Thanks for the reply
I have written a short paper about this subject, so anyone is welcome to read!
Check the link: http://faruk.ba/site/?p=87
"A normalized data warehouse schema might contain tables called items, categories and item_category. These three tables allow a user to determine which items belong to which categories, but this structure creates a large number of joins when many dimensions are involved. A data mart would collapse all of this information into an item dimension which would include the category information in the same row as the item information."
I don't get it. This schema suggests that there is a many-to-many relationship between items ans categories. (Those are considered dimensions, not facts, right?) But how can the items table row have all its categories in a single column?
(Yes, I have exactly this problem in my data mart with SCD, and it requires some brutal joins).
Your web page is otherwise excellent. First-class style; Clear, concise and complete. You should publish a book on the subject!
indeed, solving many to many relationships in a star schema is a challenge. If you want to google for it, look for "multi-valued dimensions"
There are solutions though, and there isn't one 'right' answer – it depends on the requirements.
In some cases, it's acceptable to create a multivalued member in the dimension table: say, a list of categories.
A slightly more structured solution is to create a separate flag column for each category (and yes, dimension table will need to be altered whenever a new category is added)
Another solution is to use a bridge table with an allocation factor. In this case the categories would be a separate dimension and have an intersection table with the fact table – the "bridge table". In this table, you'd store a factor that expresses the partial contribution of the dimension entry to the fact entry. I can't think of a good example for this approach in the product/category example, but I have set up an example in the "Pentaho Solutions" book that uses this approach to have an "actor" dimension table for film customer orders.
The actor/film customer order example works like this: For each actor that stars in a film this bridge table contains an actor_id, and a film_id and a factor that is 1/#number of actors in the film. Sometimes this is called a weight and it serves to model the relative contribution of each actor. This way, if you do a query like "What is the order value for films starring a particular actor", you can multiply the metric value from the fact table with the weight and still get a result that makes sense – kinda. You really need the weight for this type of query if you want to calculate the value of multiple actors: for example, if you're asking about the value of all customer orders for films starring Robert de Niro or Al Pacino, you want to prevent counting the films starring both Robert de Niro and Al Pacino twice.
All these approaches are explained here too: http://www.pythian.com/news/364/implementing-many-to-many-relationships-in-data-warehousing/
Or if you're interested, pick up a copy of "Pentaho Solutions" – apart from being an all-round pentaho starter's guide it also explains these basic data warehousing techniques, and illustrates them with examples.
I have written a short paper about this subject, so anyone is welcome to read!
Check the link: http://faruk.ba/?p=87
Hi congrats for the article. It's very impressive. I'd like to know when you will be finishing the others topics from the list.
I'm learning the OLAP/OLTP/Cubes concepts and i need some guide.
Hi Juan,
not trying to hijack the thread, but I co-authored a book on BI and data warehousing which is, even if I do say so myself, a pretty good mix between theory and hands-on. It's mainly about Pentaho, but it contains an extensive example case to build a (kimball-style) data warehouse using MySQL. You can find the book here on amazon:
You can get a sample chapter, toc and index here:
Great article. Did you do a part 3-6? I did not see them in your posts. I would appreciate an email if you did. Thanks.
Great and very interesting blog. I think it's also an informative. Thanks for sharing.
Please visit our website: http://www.letusbeyourwarehouse.com./
Thanks for the article as i was looking for a difference between datamart and data warehouse for my engineering assignment. Nicely written and easy to understand. Thanks.
So far this series is off to a great start.
Did you ever get a chance to write up the other parts to this series?
The first two entries in this series had really been fantastic, its a shame that it seems to have been abandoned. Justin, if you do decide to complete the series, I know it will be greatly appreciated.
This series has been really helpful. I know its really old that this point but I was really looking forward to the 5th post in the series.
It is so sad that this series stopped. The articles was great and easy reading. I hope you find the time to finish it.
I would like to share one of my opinions. To transform any data into any database fast and easily ETL tools are required. There are so many useful tools. People from all over the word can use whenever they need to transform any data into any database faster. So, I think ETL tools is the best tools ever in the word.
Comments are closed


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Another open source exit
Today another open source startup, Trolltech, announced its acquisition by Nokia. ts acquisition by Nokia. Interestingly, Trolltech had already IPO'd in 2006. The purchase price of €105 million is a tiny premium to the current stock price, but is relatively small amount for such an entrenched open source company. This suggests that the Qt middleware is being valued as a development tool rather than an application with significant remaining growth.
This means that all three of the companies that invented the dual license model have been acquired: Sleepycat (by Oracle), MySQL (by Sun) and now Trolltech. All three companies were profiled by Mikko Välimäki in his 2003 paper that introduced most of the world to the dual-license concept.
As with MySQL, I think this says more about the state of the software industry — unlike 30 or 20 or even 10 years ago, it's nearly impossible to build a new stand-alone software company. Instead, companies need to be inhaled into the bowels of an established IT giant to survive. (Perhaps this suggests limits as to the open innovation paradigm?)
The timing of the acquisition has a small irony for me, as I was quoted yesterday in the San Diego Union-Tribune about how rare IPOs are in the San Diego telecom industry. (I sat down Monday and found 5-8 public companies left). The interview was done last summer, and recently I've come to conclude that because the ICT sector is maturing and entry barriers are rising, that very few large standalone ICT firms are being created — most will remain niche players, or need to be acquired to achieve economies of scope.


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My angelwing begonia is going strong, 12 years old now. In the winter the flowers open to a pretty salmon pink as above. In the summer when it's outside it's almost dark red.
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My geraniums are doing very well this winter in the attic. The plants are losing leaves and getting "leggy" stalks but they'll be fine. In the spring they're cut back and replanted in the containers around the property.


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Fracking Could Damage New York & Pennsylvania Tourism, Too
Another study showing how fracking is hardly an unqualified good as it's proponents would have you believe: A new study shows that while in the short term hydraulic fracturing wells will likely have little impact on tourism, over time the increased industrialization of the landscape that comes with fracking could do serious damage to tourism.
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Read more: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier [PDF]
h/t Natural Gas Watch
More on Fracking
Fracking Wastewater Poisonous To Plants & Trees: US Forest Service
Fracking & Farming Don't Mix - Isn't It Time We Exhibited Some Precaution


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Loyola-Chicago earns five-set win against Lewis to claim first MIVA crown
ROMEOVILLE, Ill. -- Junior Joe Smalzer drilled four of his match-high 20 kills in the decisive fifth set to lead No. 12 Loyola-Chicago to its first Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA) tournament title as the Ramblers knocked off Lewis 3-2 (23-25, 25-23, 10-25, 25-22, 15-7) on Saturday at Neil Carey Arena.
With the win, Loyola advanced to the NCAA championship for the first time in program history. Lewis' saw its season end with a 20-10 record.
"I could not be more proud of a group of guys as I am with these guys," head coach Shane Davis said. "We really persevered through some periods where the match was not going our way and found a way to get it done."
The dramatic finale came after four hard fought sets. Loyola struggled to find its rhythm early and Lewis took advantage, racing out to a 6-2 lead in the opening set. Smalzer ripped consecutive kills to get the Ramblers within a point, but a kill and an ace later from Eric Fitterer bumped the lead back to five 15-10. Loyola was slowly able to chip away at the deficit and eventually pulled within one (21-20) on a Smalzer kill. However, Lewis was able to side-out the rest of the way, earning a 25-23 win.
The second set was a game of runs and the visitors jumped out to a 7-4 lead after consecutive Jaeschke kills. Lewis battled back to forge a tie at 10 and later moved out to a 17-14 lead after two LU hitting errors. Two Smalzer kills, plus one each from Nick Olson and Eric Daliege, accounted for all the points in a four-point scoring run on the serve of Dainis Berzins to give the Ramblers the lead back and they took a 21-19 lead on a Lewis error. After the Flyers pulled even at 23, Smalzer pushed the Ramblers to the finish line, first with a kill and then a service ace on set point to even the match at intermission.
After Lewis scored 18 of the last 22 points to take the third set 25-10, Loyola dug deep in the fourth frame. Two Rambler errors helped Lewis to an early 4-1 lead and when the Flyers still held a 10-6 lead, Loyola was forced to spend a timeout. Loyola started to chip away and eventually pulled even at 13 on a Caldwell and Olson block. Consecutive blocks moments later from Olson and Peter Hutz gave the away side its first lead of the set (16-15) and Smalzer had back-to-back kills later to give the Ramblers a 22-18 edge. Lewis got no closer than two points the rest of the way, with a Flyers foot fault and another service error giving Loyola the final two points.
After four eventful sets, the teams found themselves in a sprint to 15 to decide the title. A Lewis service error gave Loyola the opening point and kills from Smalzer and Olson gave the Ramblers a 3-0 lead. Back-to-back kills from Thomas Jaeschke made it an 8-4 game at the changeover but Lewis responded with the next two points to get within two at 8-6.
A service error slowed momentum for the home team and Cody Caldwell followed with a kill, prompting a Lewis timeout. The Ramblers still led 11-7 before finishing strong. Another Caldwell kill gave LU service and Smalzer promptly killed an over-pass to make it 13-7. A Jeff Patton ace increased the Ramblers' lead and Smalzer's 20th kill clinched the win.
Loyola saved its best offensive stretch for the fifth set as the Ramblers hit .600 (10-1-15) in the final frame to finish at .243 for the match while Lewis slugged away at a .345 clip.
Smalzer, who was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, led all players with 20 kills. He was joined in double figures, and on the all-tournament team, by Jaseschke (15 kills, 14 digs) and Caldwell (12 kills, 12 digs), while middles Olson (nine kills) and Daliege (eight) also contributed. Hutz guided the offense with 50 assists and added 10 digs of his own.


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WASHINGTON — A new scientific report associates the plastic ingredient bisphenol A (BPA) with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and liver-enzyme abnormalities. At the same time, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to affirm the safety of the use of BPA in food packaging, including polycarbonate water bottles.
The scientific report, "Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration With Medical Disorders and Laboratory Abnormalities in Adults," was published in the latest issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and published in full online on September 16. It is one of the first comprehensive studies based on humans, not animals, and authored by Iain A. Lang, Ph.D., et al. Its object was to examine associations between urinary BPA concentrations and adult health status. The authors concluded that "higher BPA exposure, reflected in higher urinary concentrations of BPA, may be associated with avoidable morbidity in the community-dwelling adult population."
Specifically, the authors wrote that human exposure to BPA is likely to exceed the 50 micrograms per kilogram per day reference dose currently recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), noting that exposure is most likely through continuous, multiroute exposure, principally diet. The authors, who made use of the first large-scale and high-quality population-representative data set to become available, wrote that "independent replication and follow-up studies are needed" to confirm their findings that higher BPA concentrations were associated with diagnoses of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as liver-enzyme abnormalities, and "to provide evidence on whether the associations are causal."
The results of this study, along with findings from other studies, have led some independent scientists to call upon the FDA to follow Canada's lead and regulate BPA, used by bottle and other container manufacturers to make plastic shatterproof. In an editorial in the same JAMA issue, scientists Frederick S. vom Saal and John Peterson Myers do just that, writing: "The FDA and the European Food Safety Authority have chosen to ignore warnings from expert panels and other government agencies and have continued to declare BPA 'safe.' The findings by Lang et al … challenge the safety of BPA."
Other industry and scientific experts were offered the opportunity to voice an opinion on the safety of BPA in food packaging at a September 16 FDA hearing in which the federal agency defended its position. "A margin of safety exists that is adequate to protect consumers, including infants and children, at the current levels of exposure," Laura Tarantino, a senior FDA scientist, said during the FDA hearing, according to a September 16 Associated Press article in The New York Times and a September 17 Morning Edition on National Public Radio (NPR).
Tarantino was addressing a panel of FDA advisors that has been asked for a second opinion on the agency's assessment of BPA. The expert panel will review the matter and is expected to weigh in on it in six weeks, NPR reported.
Meanwhile, consumers are being directed by media on how to recognize what products contain BPA and steps to take to avoid them. In three reports, a September 16 in the Chicago Tribune article, a September 16 ABC News report and a September 18 report in the United Kingdom's The Sun, consumers are advised that polycarbonate water bottles may contain BPA. The Chicago Tribune column additionally notes that "some water filters that store filtered water in polycarbonate containers" may contain BPA.
To read the JAMA report, click here.


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Vintage Jewels / Antique Haven,LLC ®
Vintage Jewels / Antique Haven / Deb Hancock, Glendale AZ
Labradorite Deep Blue Sterling Silver with Leaf Design Ring.
$48.00 This Labradorite Sterling Silver with Leaf Design Ring has enchanting, incredible, clarity and color! Labradorite is a fascinating gemstone. It was first discovered in Labrador where Inuit legend believed the Northern Lights were trapped in the stone. Today the iridescent flashes of color within the stone are called labradorescence or the schiller effect. The stone is a sensational purple that is highlighted by ravishing hot pink and blue internal flashes. It's completely captivating! Size 4.The stone is about 6 mm. Excellent condition.
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GOLD Sold ONLY Online! No gold at my brick and mortar store! Offers welcome, most reasonable offers accepted.


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Important Lodge Events for 2018-2019
LLD: January: 20th
Regalia Weekend: February 9th- 11th
Spring Ordeal: March 9th – 11th
Cub Dad: March 23rd – 25th
Conclave Prep Weekend: March 30- April 1
Conclave: April 13th – 15th
Summer Camp: June 3rd – 23rd
Summer Ordeal: Tabled
NOAC: July 30th – August 1st
Fall Fellowship: September 7th – 9th
Mom and Me: October 5th – 7th
Cub Haunted: October 26th - 28th
Service Weekend: November 9th – 11th
Winter Camp: November 17th -21st
Winter Ordeal: November 30th – December 2nd
Banquet: January 5th
Section Training : January 11th – 13th
LLD: January 19th
Lodge Banquet
Arrowmen as the new year comes Quelqueshoe lodge will be holding its annual banquet to recongnize those who have given outstanding service throughout the year. The lodge will also be inducting in the 2017 lodge officers, the banquet will be held at Camp Edgewood on January 7th.
Winter Fellowship
December 9th though the 11th Quelqueshoe lodge will be hosting our Winter fellowship at Camp Edgewood, newer arrowmen can use this opportunity to get to meet more people from the lodge and have fun while doing so, older arrowmen can use this time to rededicate themselves to the firm ideals of scouting that the OA was based upon. During this week we will have a project to benefit the camp and a plethora of things for arrowmen to do. Registration will be $20
November LEC
Sunday November 13th the lodge will conduct it's monthly lodge exectutive committee meeting and we invite all arrowmen to come. Some of the major talking points of this meeting will be: the food drive, the winter fellowship, and the section seminar.
Canned Food Drive
The lodge will be holding a canned food drive to support the areas of Louisiana affected by the recent floods, we request your assistance in gathering up nonperishable canned food to support them around thanksgiving. A flyer with more information will supplied at the bottom of this post


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We have a range of resources relating to Cornwall with particular strengths in printed books, periodicals, newspapers, and maps (and the photographs and other visual images contained within them). Manuscripts, sound and archived websites of Cornish interest are also held and Cornish themes can also be researched using our extensive Electronic Resources.
View near Foie [i.e. Fowey] in Cornwall by Francis James Sarjent, 1811; British Library shelfmark: Ktop IX
The subject range held by the Library is immense: from literary and historical interest to modern-day business and social science information. Cornish language items form part of the collections.
Books, Periodicals and Newspapers | Manuscripts | Maps | Sound | Website Collections Images | Cornwall Research Links
Books, Periodicals and Newspapers
Printed works published in Cornwall and held by the Library go back to the 17th century and go right up to the modern day where they are received comprehensively by Legal Deposit.
Initial access to the collections is through the home page Search.
More detailed searches can be conducted in Explore the British Library and other specialist Catalogues and through the many research journals and databases contained within Reading Room Electronic Resources. Within Electronic Resources is the full-text searchable British Newspapers 1600-1900 database, with many references to Cornish activities and also including the fully searchable Trewman's Exeter Flying Post or Plymouth and Cornish Advertiser digitised from 1807 to 1900.
Cornish-Latin glossary. Shelfmark: Cotton Vespasian A. XIV.
Historical and literary manuscripts in Cornish or relating to various aspects of Cornwall are held within the Manuscripts Collections.
One highlight is a 12th-century Cornish-Latin glossary, perhaps the oldest complete text in the Cornish language (British Library shelfmark: Cotton Vespasian A. XIV).
The British Library has a particular association with the Cornish language revival in that the Cornish scholar and activist Henry Jenner worked in the 1870s as an assistant in the Department of Manuscripts at the Library's predecessor organisation, the British Museum Library. There he further developed his knowledge of Cornish language manuscripts.
Maps of various periods relating to Cornwall are contained in the Ordnance Survey series and in other works held in the Maps Collections.
John Norden's survey of Cornwall of 1607, of which the Maps Collections have a modern facsimile, contains some information about Cornish place-names and the Ordnance Surveyors' Drawings for Cornwall and Wales may provide information about Cornish in the early nineteenth century.
A number of Cornwall-related recordings are held including 124 interviews of speakers based in Cornwall, recorded as part of the BBC Local Radio Series, The Century Speaks, recording in 1998 and 1999 (British Library Sound Archive shelfmark C900).
There are interviews with eleven Cornwall-based subject in the Survey of English Dialects, recorded between 1952 and 1974 (C908). Five further Cornwall interviews, from the BBC Voices series of 2004/5, specially focus on language and dialect (C1190).
For the Cornish language itself there is the Kroeder Kroghen five-programme series produced by BBC Radio Cornwall in 1988 (C428). Cornish language songs are also held.
A significant institution for Cornish sound is the Cornish Audio Visual Archive at the Institute of Cornish Studies at the Cornwall Campus of the University of Exeter, Penryn.
Website Collections
Cornwall-related websites have been archived by the British Library as part of its Web Collections. This growing collection can be accessed online from the UK Web Archive. Readers can nominate further sites for inclusion.
Many images from the collections have been digitised and are available through Images Online (search, for instance, by place-name).
Cornwall Research Links
British Library Reference Enquiries
Cornish Bible Project
A Cornish Sourcebook
The Cornish Language Fellowship
Institute of Cornish Studies
UK Web Archive: Collections (includes Cornwall Collection)


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You're driving down a coastal California highway at dusk, taking in the views of the Pacific Ocean and the winding pavement ahead. Mentally, you're snapshotting the mix of colours as the sun creeps away for a diffused burst of colour that only an early-autumn sunset can achieve.
Once again, Chanel achieves something that so few brands can: Capturing a moment and a place in one makeup collection, highlighting both the expected and unexpected hues to create a balanced but contrasting lineup of products (not unlike the Summer 2017 Cruise Collection). This time, Chanel and Lucia Pica—the brand's global creative makeup and colour designer—take us on a road trip through California for the Fall/Winter 2017 Travel Diary Collection to remind us to pay attention to the more minute details of every adventure.
Muted sea foam green, moody asphalt grey and juicy pops of colour bring the full-service collection to light. Becoming inspired by different aspects of California, Pica notes some of her inspiration came from the "dawn mists and sun-dappled coastline to the city lights and gritty noir of downtown LA," proving that seasonal shades don't have to be perfectly edited and predictable to tell a captivating colour story.
The star product launch for the collection—the Palette Essentielle ($60)—is a catchall centerpiece that includes a trio of skin-perfecting products.
Meant to embody an effortlessness for the modern woman to carry with her on her various adventures, the compact includes a concealer, a highlighter and a cream blush, available in three shades: Beige Clair, Beige Médium and Beige Intense (only the latter two are pictured here).
Pica wanted to create a product that would seamlessly achieve the fresh glowy look she often strives for in shoots. The concealer has a creamy-balm texture that is perfect for touch-ups along the way (in other words, it's quite sheer), while the highlighter illuminates the complexion and the buildable creamy blush adds a flush of dewy colour to your cheeks and lips.
Seems so French-chic, right?
A play on the shadows and highlights of the colours of Pica's Californian travels, each eye product contains an enigmatic balance of colour and texture. The two Les 4 Ombres Eyeshadow Palettes ($61) embody the sky and the sea and sky.
City Lights has a quartet of warm pinky-bronzey-purpley tones, not unlike those you'd see at twilight in the city. Road Movie is a cooler palette with two inky blues (reminiscent of the ocean at night) alongside the two lighter shades that call to mind the last light dancing on the surface of the water.
The collection also features two single Ombre Première Crème ($36) eyeshadows—Urban (a golden bronze) and Memory (a midnight blue)—play homage to the same colour scheme on a smaller, individual scale.
Six shades of Stylo Sourcils Waterproof ($33) eyebrow pencils grace the range to help create a laid-back (but not ignored) brow—two of which are featured here. Basics like mascaras and eyebrow pencils don't typically excite me when it comes to colour collections, but I really fell in love with the fool-proof formula and natural-but-groomed look.
The Écriture de Chanel ($35) eyeliner pen is also an exciting addition to the line. The inky black shade and pointed brush tip create the perfect line while the smudge-proof and waterproof formula ensures that it won't move, no matter where your journey takes you.
While the eyes call for depth, the lips call for brightness, which is shown through the six colour and texture offerings in the collection. Pica selected the Rouge Allure Ink ($37) shades in Lost and Highway—both matte, peachy-pink corals with different intensities.
Two matte Rouge Allure Velvet Lipsticks ($37) showcase the warm, rich hues of a coastal sunset, including First Light (a daring orange) and Nightfall (a moody oxblood).
Lastly, two Rouge Coco Lipsticks ($37) offer a classic, creamy texture for the coral Experimental and nude Daylight shades (not pictured here).
No Chanel collection would be complete without at least one or two nail colours. And, in this particular case, they lends a bit more freedom with colour experimentation in a way that many eye and lip shades do not.
The Le Vernis ($28) in Horizon Line is a soft greenish-grey that is pulled from the horizon in one of Pica's road trip photos—the exact shade where the sea meets the sky on a bright but not overly sunny day. New Dawn is a light mauvey-grey that reminds us of the sky right as the sun rises, when the night hasn't quite drifted away.
This season, both nail polish shades wear like neutrals thanks to their muted undertones and are perfectly on trend for Fall (which seems quite serendipitous, if you ask me). Chanel's nail polishes are definitely some of the best ones out there. The price tag might be bit difficult to swallow for a single nail lacquer, but the impressive formula is well worth the investment for a shade you love.
The Chanel Fall/Winter 2017 Travel Diary Collection is available now at Chanel counters and online at nordstrom.com.
Note: The eye quad in City Lights, cream shadow in Urban and nail polish in Horizon Line are limited-edition while the rest of the products and shades join the permanent line-up.shop this
Chanel Les 4 Ombres in City Lights, $61
Chanel Les 4 Ombres in Road Movie, $61
Chanel Palette Essentielle, $60
Chanel Ombre Premiere Creme, $36
Chanel Stylo Sourcils Waterproof, $33
Chanel Rouge Allure Ink, $37
Chanel Rouge Allure Velvet, $37
Chanel Le Vernis in New Dawn, $28
Chanel Le Vernis in Horizon Line, $28


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Hualan's Influenza Vaccine Exporting to Ukraine
Hualan's Influenza Vaccine Exporting to Ukraine
Recently, Hualan Biological Bacterin Co., Ltd signed a sales contract with Ukrainian customer for 200,000 doses flu vaccines. All the flu vaccines had finished the export process and been delivered safely to Ukraine.
Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, with a population of about 45 million, more than 300 persons died due to the flu epidemic in 2016. This time, the imported flu vaccine from Hualan Biological will help the Ukrainian to prevent and control the flu disease, and promote the recognition of Hualan Biological flu vaccine in Eastern European countries.
TAG:  PIC/S GMP  Flu Vaccine  Hualan Biological


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Home|Awards|List of all UWSAG Awards Peace and Harmony Silver Award
June 20 2009 (From: Netherland, Europe)
Hello Arvind we were happy for your request concerning an upgrade in our program. since our last visit you have done a lot improvement. One of your biggest improvement in design are your flash pages.
It is then also a great pleasure that your website is certainly an upgrade worth. After our evaluation you have achieved 608 points. We have awarded you with our silver award.
Thanks again for your interest in the peace & harmony awards.
Regards Friso & Team
Friso Yoyon Schaap


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Warm Bodies v I Give It A Year: Film Face Off
Two movie love stories enter the cinematic arena – but will zom com Warm Bodies or rom com I Give It A Year win this week's Film Face Off?
Based on the best-selling 'young adult fiction' novel (yup, it's another one of those, folks) by Isaac Marion, Warm Bodies is a zombie comedy with a difference as Nicholas Hoult – who spends his days shuffling through an airport lounge with legions of the undead, the apparent victim of some kind of apocalypse – when he meets and falls for Julie (Teresa Palmer) who is still very much alive.
Their ensuing romance sets off a chain of events which might just see him regain his human status – but matters are complicated by the presence of her survivalist, zombie-killing dad (John Malkovich), as well as a group of far more anti-social skeletal zombies – known as 'bonies' – who have their appetites set on anything with a pulse.
I Give It A Year, meanwhile, treads a far more conventional path – that of the glossy British romantic comedy, although the fact this one comes to us from Dan Mazer – who worked on the likes of Borat and The Ali G Show – means that this one has a bit more edge to it than your average saccharine Britcom.
Rafe Spall and Rose Byrne take centre stage as newlyweds Josh and Nat, with the film following them through their first year of marriage as they slowly come round to the fact that perhaps their match is not one made in heaven. The presence of Josh's ex (Anna Faris) and Nat's handsome new co-worker (Simon Baker), only serve to complicate matters – while Minnie Driver's turn as a well-meaning friend and Olivia Colman as a mad marriage counsellor don't help matters either.
Winner: I Give It A Year may be cute but we've seen this kind of thing countless times before. We haven't, however, seen many films like Warm Bodies before, so that takes round one.
What We Say
Warm Bodies: 'The concept of a zombie reboot of Romeo And Juliet may get Shakespeare a-spinning in his grave but it's an unexpectedly sweet delight. Much of the script is hilarious – particularly R's inner monologue: "Don't be creepy, don't be creepy," he tells himself as he lurches up to Julie with her ex-boyfriend's half-eaten brains still dribbling down his chin' (Larushka Ivan-Zadeh)
I Give It A Year: 'Highlights are Olivia Colman as a marriage counsellor and a wheeze involving a released dove and ceiling fan, while Soho has never looked so lovely. But there still isn't a character here who resembles a real person you might care about.' (Angie Errigo)
Winner: An easy victory for Warm Bodies, which trounces I Give It A Year in the review stakes and takes round two.
What They Say (via Twitter)
'Warm Bodies much better than I expected. Plus lead was the kid in 'About A Boy&lead girl was a happier,blonde Kristen Stewart.Cute!' @benjie_006
'Warm Bodies was amaze! Proper want to see it again.' @xxLinziWrightxx
'I really enjoyed 'I give it a year' but it was one of those Romcoms where all the best punchlines were shown in the trailer 7/10′ @brtoon
'I Give It A Year' is a fine example of a rom-com. Give it a twirl.' @LarrysRoadMovie
Winner: Both appear to be equally popular with the punters, so we'll call this one a draw, shall we?
Overall winner: If you're looking for a night at the flicks to spice up Valentine's Day it would appear that zombie comedy is the one to shuffle off and watch, as Warm Bodies wins this week's Film Face Off by 2-1.


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Accenture survey finds lacking alignment between pharma IT and marketing
Chief information officers at drug companies want IT to be more closely aligned with marketing, but chief marketing officers are less likely to agree, according to a new survey conducted by Accenture.
About 90% of 22 CIOs at pharmaceutical companies with more than $55 billion in revenue say marketing and IT should be better aligned. Only about 60% of the 24 CMOs who were surveyed agreed. But other priorities for CMOs, such as customer experience, are less likely to be considered a priority for CIOs.
"The industry faces a period of rapid change marked by digital advances, new expectations from health care professionals and patients, and a dominant outcomes-based reimbursement environment," Anne O'Riordan, senior managing director of Accenture's life sciences industry group, said in a statement. "This requires CMO-CIO collaboration to increase."
But it's unclear how best to integrate the different functions. Almost 40% of CIOs would put IT and marketing staff on one team. Only 13% of the CMOs would do the same thing.
Still, more CMOs and CIOs say that the move toward digital is driving the need for better collaboration.


text: The Button component is a clickable rectangular button, which can be resized. If you desire, you can add a custom icon to the Button component. In addition, you can change the behavior of a Button component from push to toggle. A toggle button stays pressed when clicked and returns to its up state when clicked again. All of these options are accomplished through the Component Inspector panel.


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I still can't believe that there's anyone left who's serious about their content marketing efforts and hasn't clocked that video, assuming it's used properly, holds the key to ensuring fantastic results.
The tools needed to create effective video have become cheaper and more accessible to all, (that iPhone 6S in your pocket now shoots 4K video), so there are no excuses on that front. But you do need to tread carefully when thinking about how you're going to make the video content you create relevant and engaging for the audience you want to reach and connect with. Video for video's sake is a crime. Don't go there.
The crack team at Video Bunny neatly summarise the reasons why you'd be nuts to ignore video as part of your ongoing content marketing campaign - whatever line of business you're in. Get on board. There are no excuses left.
If you are currently running a content marketing campaign or are thinking about running one, don't limit your campaign to just the written word and still images. Video is becoming more and more popular as an effective component of content marketing and for good reason.


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Choose from brand new RediTruck vehicles or Quality Used refuse trucks, equipped to meet your specifications and ready to drive away.
Our cost effective support services include remanufacturing, field service repairs, preventative maintenance and temporary vehicle rental.
A range of New and Quality Used municipal vehicles available for short or long-term hire, including contract hire.
A comprehensive range of new, used or reconditioned parts for most refuse vehicle and bin lifting equipment manufacturers.


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Account: Login/Register >
William Morris Pimpernel Quilt Cover
Morris designed Pimpernel in 1876 and later chose it to decorate his dining room at Kelmscott House in Hammersmith, London. The design is a complex structure of tulip flowers and leaves in a swirling pattern, resting on a contrasting aubergine ground and reversing to a delicate small scale scrolling floral co-ordinate.
Fabric: 300ct 100% Cotton.


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Bozeman Market Report - Condos and Townhome Sales Through June 2016
This month, we will highlight condo and townhome sales through June 1 2016 and compare them to 2015 totals in the greater Bozeman area and Belgrade. Here are a few stats:
- Condos and Townhomes sales have increased by 7.35% in 2016 (204 sold in 2015, 219 sold in 2016)
- Dollar volume has increased by 14.73% in 2016 ($44,716,616 in 2015, $51,305,072 in 2016)
- Condos and Townhomes have spent 26.98% longer on the market than they did in 2015 (46 Days on the Market in 2015, 63 Days on the Market in 2016.
Summary: Condo and Townhome values continue to climb steadily in the greater Bozeman, Belgrade area. As values have risen, these homes have spent more time for sale but as of yet, total sales continue to go up. Having total sales increase suggests that the buyer pool still has an appetite for well-priced multi-family properties. Bozeman and Belgrade's multi-family market continues to grow and remain healthy.


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Niokem IncPublished on April 6th, 2015 | By: dhaignere
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Niokem Inc
Waynesville, NC 28785
Established in 2011, Niokem's primary service area is the Southeastern United States. They currently concentrate on a core range of products where they are able to offer a competitive service. However Niokem is constantly expanding their sales area and product line to meet the needs of the American market. As a member of the National Brick Research Center at Clemson University in South Carolina, Niokem has tested its Manganox8090 to conform to industry standards. They can also offer Chromite and Manganese Oxide (Mn3O4). Niokem's all natural manganese colorant comes from African mines.
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© 2015 The American Ceramic Society


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Welcome to Northern Michigan's Best Value in Storage!
At Northland Self-Storage your convenience and peace of mind are our priority. We ensure that our multiple storage facilities are always clean and secure and that our professional staff is ready to assist you. 24 hour access to the storage units is available with many of our units being behind an electronic gate.
Whether you are making space in your home, running your business or looking for seasonal storage, Northland Self-Storage is here to help.
Northland Self-Storage has been locally owned and operated for more than 25 years. We serve Bay Harbor, Petoskey, Harbor Springs and the surrounding communities with multiple locations.


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- Home/
- Small Business Insurance/
- Further Education Insurance
Further Education Insurance
The Further Education sector have increased their focus on profitability in recent years, and to do so successfully it helps to have an experienced team on your side.
Our specialist team provides services to further education colleges across the UK, advising both on risk management and insurance, plus wider aspects of governance and internal management.
As new opportunities and challenges emerge every day, it's good to know you can rely on us to help you to take care of and anticipate your college's needs.
Client feedback praises our customer service and our commitment to reduce premium costs while improving cover, leaving you free to concentrate on running an inspiring and successful institution.
Areas of expertise include:
- Clinical trials and Medical Malpractice
- Enterprise Risk Management
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- Construction
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- Fine art cover


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Open Thread: Talk About What Matters Most to You
Discuss and debate the issues that mean the most to you.
I've had a number of chances to have another baby in the last 18 years since my son was born, but none of them have worked out for me. Though I did get pregnant during those years, I chose to terminate a few of those pregnancies and have suffered a few losses due to issues with fibroids and severe pregnancy-related anemia. But as terrible as this may read, and I mean it with great respect for all the strong women who have dealt with either the agony of a miscarriage or abortion, I was grateful none of those pregnancies came to pass.
I wouldn't have wanted to be connected to those ex-boyfriends or ex-husbands for the rest of my life.
I have been married three times, and in the past year, aborted the two babies conceived with my third husband. God knows I loved him. God knows I still do. But it was his drug and alcohol addictions and the abuse I suffered from him that made it impossible for me to see myself stuck with him for the rest of my life. I figured the marriage could be undone, but our children would be forever, and they deserved a better father and a happier, healthier mother. He knew about the first abortion, which I had before our marriage, but I told him the second abortion was a miscarriage. That was a month after we were married, and I was terrified of what he might do if he knew I'd willingly aborted the child he begged me to have.
I have never regretted that decision.
As a single woman, I never had a yearning for more children, and even in my prior relationships and marriages, a part of me knew I was in the wrong place and that bringing children into that place would only have been detrimental to both them and me. Most of those men were abusive, or users, and none of them ever truly loved me. And when I am honest with myself, I can admit that I never truly loved them, either, except maybe for one. I had always been looking for something, though I was never quite sure what. Still, when I couldn't find it, I tried to mold each and every one of those men into the sincere, generous, loving man I always wished I knew.
And I failed.
Fast-forward to right now, and I am in love with a man who I actually want to have a family with, but the funny thing is, my quest for improved fertility has less to do with him and more to do with my need to forgive myself for the miscarriages I have suffered in the past and the one abortion I have always regretted.
It happened in the time between my second husband and my third. He was more than 10 years younger than I, but he was an old soul who fed me spiritually and shook me to my core. I cared for him. But three years into our relationship, when I found myself pregnant with his child, my lover — who was not yet 25 years old — panicked. I thought if I had the abortion, I could save us, but it destroyed me, and I could never bring myself to talk to him again. I would give anything to bring that baby back.
I had those three abortions with the assistance of doctors I'd never seen before.
I needed strangers to perform them.
I'd been seeing my regular gynecologist for more than 10 years; he runs a small private practice with his wife, and I have come to think of them as family, in a way. They are a sweet couple, and they care so much about me, and I care so much about what they would think if I came to them for one abortion after the next — one with a young lover I could never be with and two by the man I vowed to be with forever.
I couldn't bear being brought into his office, by either him or his wife, and asked, "Are you sure?" Or seeing the hundreds of photos of all the babies he'd delivered over the past decades, smiling as he held each new life, proud to have cared for them from implantation to birth. I didn't want my doctor or his wife to be disappointed in me, handing over the abortion pills because it's part of their job, but quietly wondering why I kept doing this to myself.
But, now, here I am.
I want to have another baby, finally. I want to have a baby with the man I'm with, but more than that, I want to have a baby for me. When we first talked about starting a family, we did so with no urgency. It was important that we didn't rush into getting pregnant for all the wrong reasons. We've taken our time, and there is still more time left to take. We wanted to be sure we were doing it because this is what we wanted, individually and together. We wanted to be sure we weren't doing it to save face or prove we were normal and happy, or because it's just the thing couples do. I've seen people do that — get pregnant on a whim to prove things to the world — and they always end up miserable.
I never wanted to be them.
And I guess that's what I could have said to my doctor, or I could have just said nothing at all, taken my abortion pills, and went along my merry way. But I couldn't look him in the eye after he had looked me in the vagina, and feel proud of myself.
So, I cheated on my gynecologist (and his wife).
But now, now that I'm preparing to have the baby I want with a man I don't mind being tied to for the rest of my life, it's time to visit my real doctor. I trust him with my health and to always tell me the truth. I trust him and his wife to emotionally support me, never making my visits seem clinical or rushed. I want my baby on that wall, damp with amniotic fluid, crying into the ether, being held by the best doctor I've ever known. So, as I prepare for pregnancy, I am preparing to go back to him.
But, I'm afraid. I'm afraid he'll take one look at my cervix and say, "Good God, woman, what have you done to yourself?!" It's silly maybe, but I have this fear that everything inside me is a mess, torn to shreds from three abortions, even though only one of them required a D&C after the abortion pill failed — a dilation and curettage during which I came out of anesthesia to feel the tugging and scraping. I was emotionally traumatized by that abortion, in that strange clinic, with that unknown doctor, and as I dozed back into twilight, I remember saying, "Please take care of me."
I guess a part of me worries that my doctor will see all this emotional trauma manifested inside my lady bits, as if there are lines carved into my flesh by the lost inhabitants of my uterus, marking the days and weeks they spent there before the end. It's silly and it's untrue but, in my mind, there is some gruesome telltale sign, some karmic graffiti that will show where I've been and what I have done before I ever get to tell him...
..."I've had a few abortions."
And I guess it's not so much the abortions, but the fact that I didn't trust him to help me through them, that makes it hard for me to make my first appointment with my gynecologist in well over a year. I know he'll ask why I didn't come to him, and I know I might be afraid to admit that I didn't want him to think less of me — because that's just silly, isn't it?
Just as bringing a new life into the world is the right choice for me now, those other choices were right for me then. And the reason I've been with my gynecologist for so long is because he has always honored my choices and guided me through them. So, sure, I've had a few abortions.
Now it's time to have a baby.


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Music Appreciation (Music 32) is designed to introduce and acquaint both music majors and non-music majors with various forms and styles of music. It is offered in a classroom setting as well as online.
Music History (Music 30 and Music 31) is a more in-depth study designed especially for music majors but open to all. It covers the development and characteristics of music from Antiquity to the 21st Century.
Jazz in American Culture (Music 33)History of Rock (Music 36)Music in American Culture (Music 37)
OnMusic Appreciation - Preamble


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IT workers are feeling the pinch of job losses along with everyone else.
Yet some IT jobs are proving more secure than others, and there are strategies anyone should use to keep the job they have.
David Foote, CEO of Foote Partners, says one difference between current layoffs and previous recessions is a longer-term view that considers the IT shop's competitive position when the economy recovers. "They're asking themselves, 'What skills can't we afford not to have in 2010?'" Foote says. His research looks across industries, and he believes the findings hold true for banking.
Foote's most recent quarterly report, IT Skills and Certifications Pay Index, shows some IT jobs across industries are adding positions and commanding more pay. According to Foote, the average market value for 179 noncertified IT skills dropped 0.5 percent in the last three months of 2008 despite pay gains in three categories: management/methodology process (a 5.6 percent pay rise over the previous three months; database (up 2.9 percent), and messaging and communications (up 2.8 percent).
Meanwhile, average pay for 175 IT certifications continued a steady decline that began in 2006, losing another one percent from the previous three months. Here, too there were pay gains in three certification groups: architecture/project management (up 3.1 percent compared to the previous three months), IT security (up 1.9 percent); and networking (up 1.1 percent).
He attributes the resilience of architecture and project management to firms looking to increase efficiencies through software automation and workflow tools - noting in particular "sharp increases in pay and demand for ITIL, CoBIT, and similar expertise." Also, given the anticipated "escalation in recession-driven mergers and acquisitions creating an enormous amount of integration-related activity, IT architecture and project management expertise are in more demand than ever."
There's also security in security. Alan Paller, director of research at SANS Institute, a security training and research firm, says SANS' most recent cross-industry survey showed that through the end of November 79 percent of respondents predicted no immediate reduction in IT security staffing. Computer forensics, penetration testing, intrusion detection, and incident handling are skills getting a lot of interest from employers. "Operational guys are going to be fine [at banks]," he says. "Firewall, system administrators, intrusion detection, anyone actually responsible for stopping attacks."
On the flip side, Paller says, policy jobs are probably more in jeopardy. And Foote's study indicates a tough environment for operating system skills, Web and e-commerce skills and application development skills.
Judith Pennington, a senior manager at Accenture and leader of its global IT workforce practice, offers four ways that people in IT jobs can protect and solidify their positions. First, she says, people should look for opportunities to broaden and deepen their expertise. She recommends identifying two or three companion areas to one's current expertise and educating oneself. "You want to continue to be seen as the expert, the go-to person."
Second, meet performance targets. In a time of tight budgets this obvious job-saving tip can't be overemphasized. Third, stay positive. In today sour economy, it's easy to develop a negative attitude and gripe with others around the office. But remember, managers want people with good morale who can inspire that in others. Lastly, Pennington says, every IT worker must understand the challenges faced by their institution as a whole and how their own job and performance can help. "You must understand the business. You must make the connection between what your bank is doing and going through, and what you can do."


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amd has trimmed athlon prices to eliminate the price gap between versions of the athlon with support for a 200mhz and 266mhz system bus. on the low end, a 750mhz tbird athlon is going for a mere us$95, and the 1300 and 1333mhz chips are at $220. a quick check of pricewatch shows athlon chips declining today in price and coming in around the prices listed on the inquirer page. duron prices have not been changed. $220 for a 1333mhz chip sounds pretty decent to me. i have to wonder if amd is getting ready for a 1400mhz chip on the high end. the last i heard, they are planning one, but i think the date was may or something. after that they go to 1.5ghz palomino-core athlons sometime in july.
user comments 10 comment(s)
|prices (12:46am est fri apr 06 2001)
the prices on price watch have been easing down since february. if this yo-yo is claiming that the "official" price for athlons is going to the current pw levels, then yet another wave of big reductions in pw prices should start soon. [i note that the "official" prices posted at amd's site haven't changed.] rest assured that if the "real" prices charged by amd match the prices on pw, a bunch of people on pw are selling at a loss, and somehow i doubt that is happening. – by rede duh numbahs
|p.s. (12:49am est fri apr 06 2001)
congratulations on moving up from your 8086-based server. – by rede duh numbahs
|comments (12:52am est fri apr 06 2001)
all right, you clowns. where are you hiding the effing comments ? – by snide
|re: comment comments (1:00am est fri apr 06 2001)
explanation: opera couldn't find the comments the first – or second – time around, but i found 'em on netscape and now, back on opera, they're here. grump, grump, grump. – by snide
|amd trims athlon prices (1:44am est fri apr 06 2001)
good to me
hope i can find a sweeter deal in a modified t-bird or duron
1 ghz mmmm – by ted
|athlon price cuts (10:59am est fri apr 06 2001)
i agree with rede. where are these price cuts? i've been watching price watch religiously since february and have only noticed gradual decreases in cost for the past two months, but no true cuts(supposedly two price cuts have occured within the past two months). if reported comments state that amd is to "axe" prices, then let's see some real choppin'! – by power greed
|i've noticed a trend (1:45pm est fri apr 06 2001)
it seems that some of the prices on pricewatch.com are below the official price amd is selling their products for. that could be the reason you haven't seen an increase. maybe some of those resellers are hoping you'll buy a whole system so they can make more money on it … and they draw you in by selling the cpu slightly under cost. just a thought. – by rick c. hodgin
|amd socket vs. slot (6:44pm est thu jul 05 2001)
just a quick question..
i have a 1ghz slot a amd with 512k of l2 cache. i am planning on upgrading to a socket a 1.4ghz amd t-bird with only 256k cashe, for most reason because socket is compatible with ddr (but thats beside the point). is this a wise decision or should i keep my 1ghz slot? id really appreciate some input… thanks! – by anf pak
|qeczkltque (9:48am est sun dec 18 2005)
bcqndswhuhwzx ttxjghtzggy yfy5rtgpvsjj – by qeczkltque
|ah5fqtqzbs (1:05am est tue dec 27 2005)
hkw81yu9legb yezjqvqzrt kwx1zjvdcr – by ah5fqtqzbs


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The UK is not only one of the best places to live in but to set up businesses as well. There are numerous reasons why the UK is a leading destination for people who want to grow dynamic businesses and below we discuss the top ten.
- Reason number one is that it is one of the easiest places to set up a business. A research done by World Bank found that it could take under 13 days to set up a business. This makes UK the first in Europe and sixth in the whole world.
- The UK also has a low tax rates even for foreign investors. In addition to that, UK is a completely flexible labor market. Actually, the World Bank places the UK as one of the best places to employ workers in Europe.
- UK has some of the least barriers in the world when it comes to entrepreneurship. The UK has been ranked one of the top places in the world for PMR, (Product Market Regulation) and has been noted to have the least barriers to entrepreneurs when it comes to trading and investing.
- The country has a very stable political environment to run a business. It is one of the least corrupt countries worldwide.
- The UK has a booming economy with a very high GDP growth rate. Actually, one of the highest in Europe.
- The UK is a world leader when it comes to innovation and is one of the most productive after the USA in terms of research base.
- This is a country that makes it absolutely easy to register a property. Additionally, the fact that English is the language of business means that it will be an advantage for international businesses.
- The UK has one of the most progressive communications network with an extensive broadband market and one of the strongest ICT infrastructures in the world. Additionally, UK has top talent, having some of the best universities in Europe, two of which are the best globally.
- The UK houses London, Europe's best city for business. London is among the world leading financial service centers and has been voted Europe's city for business numerous times in a row.
- The UK has incredible transport links to Europe as well as the rest of the world. The largest air-hub in Europe is Heathrow and London has one of the largest under and over-ground rail networks.
There are many more reason like the high quality of living, and the rapid increase in productivity. UK is simply one of the best places to set up and run a business.


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Half of Minnesota's population now lives in communities that restrict e-cigarette use in indoor public places. But despite 51 cities and counties across the state adding e-cigarettes to indoor air policies, state-level legislation has stalled. "Now that half of Minnesota is […]Read More
How the tobacco industry uses email marketing
ClearWay Minnesota staff have collaborated on a newly published paper that examines how the tobacco industry uses email to connect with customers. The paper appears in Preventive Medicine Reports. In the paper, lead author Betsy Brock of the Association for Nonsmokers […]Read More
New report on Minneapolis's flavored tobacco ordinance
ClearWay Minnesota has released a report on the grassroots advocacy that resulted in passage of an ordinance restricting sales of flavored tobacco products in the city of Minneapolis. Flavors are used by the tobacco industry to attract young people. The […]Read More
"Proposed legislation would knock tobacco out of the park in Minnesota"
State Representative Mike Freiberg has introduced legislation that would prohibit the use of all tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes, at Minnesota sports stadiums. This bill continues the momentum of other cities across the country prohibiting tobacco in stadiums under […]Read More
$5,000 awarded to the QuitCash Challenge winner
Michelle Hogen of Maplewood and her husband Brian were among the more than 4,200 Minnesotans who entered the QuitCash Challenge, an annual quit-and-win contest sponsored by QUITPLAN Services. Today, we celebrated Michelle's accomplishment and presented her with the contest's grand […]Read More
Still a Problem ad addresses menthol tobacco use
This week ClearWay Minnesota began running a new television ad as part of our Still a Problem campaign. The ad shows how experimentation with menthol tobacco can quickly become a harmful addiction for teens. Bad Relationship from ClearWay Minnesota on Vimeo. […]Read More
Minnesotans for a Smoke-Free Generation statement on Tobacco 21 policies
Today, Minnesotans for a Smoke-Free Generation released the following statement on raising the legal age to purchase tobacco products to 21: Minnesotans for a Smoke-Free Generation supports the national Tobacco 21 movement and encourages Minnesota to look for ways to […]Read More
Introducing Minnesotans for a Smoke-Free Generation
ClearWay Minnesota has joined with more than 30 organizations to form Minnesotans for a Smoke-Free Generation, a statewide coalition supporting policies that will reduce youth smoking and help end the death and disease associated with tobacco use for good. In […]Read More
ClearWay MinnesotaSM announces new research grants
Yesterday, our Board of Directors approved three new research grants. The grants, totaling $500,000, examine issues that affect some of the populations most burdened by the harms of smoking, and are designed to inform good future regulation of tobacco products. The […]Read More
Huge increase seen in quitters helped by QUITPLAN® Services
New Year's resolutions, tax increase likely influenced smokers to quit New Year's is a traditional time to quit smoking, as people resolve to make permanent changes that improve their lives and health. At QUITPLAN Services – ClearWay Minnesota's program providing Minnesotans with […]Read More


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Anyway, it's just made me wanna look even 'weirder'.
I do however look incredibly tiered cause I got about 3 hours sleep and did a 7 hour shift at work. I'm not sure why, I just woke up at 5.30am for no reason and couldn't get back to sleep.
Headband - Primark, shirt & necklace - Forever 21, skirt - American Apparel, shoes - Urban Outfitters


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There are a handful of Internet gems in the ether that have the ability to make your day just a little bit brighter—and all because someboy else's got ruined. As terrible as that sounds, it doesn't make it any less true. Whether it's because some dude got what was coming to him after talking too much smack, or a major company that gets caught up when it tries to Photoshop a model to make her look sexier—but way less human (you know someone is getting fired.) Here are 10 Video Fails From the Internet That Will Make You Feel Better About Yourself.
RELATED: The 50 Worst Fails In Tech History
RELATED: The 50 Funniest Auto-Correct Fails


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The One Year® Chronological Bible, NKJV (Tyndale, 2013), April 6
The Levites never imagined the evil that lurked within the city walls of Gibeah, which was nestled among towns inhabited not just by Levites, but by Aaron's sons, who were responsible for teaching the people God's ways. Although the city of Jebus, belonging to the Canaanites, is a closer trip than Gibeah, the Levite does not feel safe staying there, so he travels later in the evening to Gibeah of the tribe of Benjamin. There he will be safe—or so he thinks.
An old farmer welcomes the Levite and his concubine into his home. They aren't there long before some of the wicked men of the city surround the house, shouting, "Bring out the man who came to your house, that we may know him carnally" (Judges 19:22). Sadly, the Levite, protecting himself, releases his concubine into their hands to do as they will. They rape her until morning, and she dies on the footstep of the farmer's house.
These vile and wicked men are not from Jebus, but from the tribe of Benjamin. Perhaps it would have been safer to have spent the night in Jebus after all! The Levite packs up the concubine along with his belongings and returns to his home. Once there, he chops her body into twelve pieces and sends a piece to each of the tribes of Israel. Talk about "shock and awe"! This spectacle galvanizes all of Israel into action as they are forced to ask themselves, "How did we come to this?" They come together and nearly destroy an entire tribe in Israel.
How has Israel come to this sad state of affairs? Lest we condemn Israel, America must answer that same question. Sadly, one of the most dangerous places in America is in the womb of a mother. 50 million babies have been murdered in utero in the name of reproductive rights. What "shock and awe" event must occur before we awaken out of our own spiritual stupor?
How does a culture sink into such spiritual decay?
- The sinful imagination of man grows wild when governments allow and even protect the rights of men to do what is right in their own eyes.
- People become enslaved to what they yield themselves to. Without personal and communal restraint, men become enslaved to their passions, and no one is safe.
- People want something for nothing, immediate gratification, and consequence-free living.
"Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people" (Prov. 14:34)
Questions from today's reading (Judges 19:1-21:25):
Review Leviticus 21:1-15. How had the Levites during the Judges Era disregarded the levitical standards?
What domino effect does the concubine's death produce in Israel?
What does Israel's rationalization of the actions taken against the people of Jabesh Gilead reveal about their attitude toward one another?


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Loma Linda University
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We specialize in health care related academics in a wide variety of Allied Health professions where our students learn how to lead, to heal and to serve others.
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Prepare for a dynamic career in counseling, psychology and social work with a graduate or doctoral degree.
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Explore your options as an oral health care professional with one of our many degrees in dental hygiene, dentistry, orthodontics, endodontics and much more.
School of Medicine
Train to become a skilled and compassionate medical professional in a specialty, such as family medicine or general surgery, with the help of a Christian education.
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We are ranked #2 in the Top 5 Best California DNP Programs offering you a hands-on experience in leadership, research and whole person care.
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Educating pharmacists within a Christian environment. Learn more about our full-time, four-year professional PharmD degree program.
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Discover an exciting career in public health with our unique classroom education, practicum and extracurricular activities.
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Is God calling you to serve a higher purpose? Explore our school's unique wholeness and faith-based programs designed to guide you through your ministry studies.
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The overnight rain is moving out and the rest of the day should be mainly dry with just a few showers. There will be more snow in the mountains, but not a huge dumping. Highs will be in the mid 40s. Low pressure circulating off-shore will spew arms of rain at us over the weekend, so expect rain at times with highs in the mid 40s. The mountains will get more snow, but not a lot. Monday looks rainy again with showers on Tuesday, and it'll be a bit cooler. Mid-week next week could be dry, but there is a chance of a few showers.
Viewer photos of the day . . .


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For Questions or To Make A Referral Please
Call: 414-365-8300
Fax: 414-365-8330
At Horizon, we have many programs that need support through financial funding and in-kind donations to survive. We hope you will consider helping.
Hospice Care Bags
This program allows our hospice staff to present a care bag to each patient and their family when they transition to hospice in the home or in a facility. Care bags are meant to provide comfort, a few essentials and some valuable information to our patients and their families during this often difficult transition. Our goal is to include the following in each care bag:
- Washcloth-style wet wipes
- A comforting blanket, shawl or wrap
- Medicine dropper
- Navigating End of Life Care, written and published by Horizon to help patients and families learn about and understand the journey they are embarking upon
- Insulated mug with drinking straw
- Pill box or medicine organizer
- Pill cutter or crusher
- Final Gifts: Understanding the Special Awareness, Needs and Communications of the Dying, by Maggie Callanan and Patricia Kelley
- Comfortable socks with grips on the bottom
- Lotion for hand and foot massages
To serve all of our patients, we require an approximate quantity of 1,500 of each of these items each year. How can you help?
- Donate – your cash donation helps underwrite these items which are given directly to hospice patients as a gift
- Donate – could your business, church or social group donate a large quantity of any of the items above? In-kind donations are accepted and help keep this program available to hospice patients
- Donate – your creative knitting, crocheting, quilting or fleece blanket tying skills are our bread and butter! Each bag contains a unique, comforting blanket, shawl or wrap donated by a kind creative soul who cares about hospice patients. No pattern required – we love your creativity and so do our patients!
Hospice Special Needs Fund
Horizon's staff is passionate about caring for their patients. Often, they find a need for a small nicety, a birthday cake, a room fan, a hamburger from a specific Milwaukee burger joint or a trip to have lunch overlooking the lake.
We've developed a special needs fund for our staff to pull from when a big impact could be made with a little bit of funding. Your donation, large or small, will help Horizon empower its employees to go the extra mile for their patients whenever possible.
Charity Care
Horizon serves thousands of patients per year, many of which are un or under-insured and have no way to pay for the care they receive. We accept patients who have nowhere else to go, and proudly serve those in the community who are in trouble. Your donations help us provide nursing care, wound management, hospice and more to people in need. Every dollar counts and is used to provide a visit or care to someone who is struggling.


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Would you like to make friends and add some great dance moves to your repertoire in a welcoming setting? Join us for this exciting tour of dance styles from all around the world! From salsa to line dancing and back again, learn the basic components of the major popular dance styles. No prior experience needed, come as you are! PLEASE NOTE***This is the THIRD session in what will be a series of four dance classes 1 Thursday per month- we are hoping to build skills each month, but if you cant make them all don't worry we can accommodate 1-time attendees as well! Please just shoot us an email and we will figure something out *** NOTE: If you are planning on attending this event please RSVP by registering through the Hillsboro Parks and Rec or by emailing: email@example.com Excited to see everyone there! COST: $20/ $5 per class (scholarships available!)


text: I would like to share with you my favorite inspiration images I have found this week. Believe it or not but very slowly I am starting to think about the autumn/winter collection 17/18, seems so far away but the time goes so quick these days. Every season I start with collecting images I find on my favorite Tumblr and Pinterest accounts and very slowly the concept of the new collection comes a life.


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Hall Making Run At Villanueva
The staff of Seton Hall has been bouncing around the area and country talking to and evaluating some of the top talent in 2003 and 2004. One of the best in 2003 is Charlie Villanueva, the highly sought after combo forward from Queens, New York.
The Pirates staff will be in home tonight with Villanueva's family in an effort to convince Charlie to sign with Seton Hall next month. The Pirates are one of three schools left in the recruiting process. Villanova and Illinois also are in the running to land Charlie.
Villanueva has three official visits planned. Charlie is going to visit Illinois on September 27th, Seton Hall on October 4th, and Villanova on October 25th. Each of these schools will have taken an in school and in home visit before the period ends. Then Villanueva is going to probably make a college decision.
Villanueva, who had a rock solid summer, can spray you with jumpers from beyond the three or hammer you with a thundering dunk in transition. He runs the floor well and is agile enough to play several positions on the college level.
Villanueva should have a big year at Blair. He is one of the obvious candidates for the McDonald's All American game.