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Today's social studies are based firmly on the past. The theories of both Piaget and Vygotsky continue to influence the field. Mitchell's work in the 1930s (e.g., Mitchell, 1934), because of its similarity to Piagetian and Vygotskian thought, continues to provide the foundation for approaches to social studies.
Social Studies Today
Today's social studies is integrated, meaningful, and of high interest. Whatever is introduced to children is
- Integrated into and with children's cultural background, personal knowledge, family, and community and embedded into the total curriculum
- Filled with meaning because it is appropriate for their development, matching their cognitive, emotional, social, and physical maturity
- Of high interest to children when based on their firsthand experiences, self-choice, and social interaction
Social studies in today's schools, however, are based on more than just the past. Current learning theory and research are reflected in today's social studies curriculum.
Active Children
In order to learn, children from birth through the primary grades and even beyond must be physically, mentally, and socially active. Every type of play, whether alone or with others—sociodramatic play, play with materials, or physical play—provides children with physical, mental, and social activity (Colker, 2002).
Both the theories of Vygotsky (1986) and Piaget and Inhelder (1969) support the premise that children's play is necessary for concept formation. Play, according to the theorists, permits children to do the following:
- Develop more hierarchical and long-term goals. Play may be the first context in which children are able to delay gratification, to keep on working at something until they achieve their goal.
- Take the perspective of others, which is necessary to learning. When children play with others they are forced to consider the ideas of others. If children did not consider each other's ideas, they could not play as if they were mothers, fathers, doctors, beauticians, and so on. This initial ability to coordinate, to think about multiple ideas, will develop into reflective thinking and metacognition (Bodrova & Leong, 2003).
- Use mental representations. Children may use objects as substitutions for other objects. For example, a child may use a block to represent a scissors as they play barbershop. To be able to use symbolic substitutes for real objects is essential to the development of abstract thought.
Because play is so critical to children's cogntiive development, large blocks of time in child-care, preschool, and kindergarten settings will be arranged for children's play. Throughout the primary grades, children need opportunities to continue to play with others, with materials, and with board and other games in order to solidify their learning.
Social studies are not isolated bits of information or knowledge that children memorize but, as Vygotsky indicated, are deeply rooted in children's cultural background and personal experience. The more situated in context and the more rooted in cultural background and personal knowledge an event is, the more readily it is understood, learned, and remembered (Popkewitz, 1999). Thus, today's social studies are embedded within the context of children's family, school, and neighborhood (Garcia, 2003).
No one social science discipline can be separated or segregated from another or from the development of skills, attitudes, and values. Just as social studies are an integrated subject, so is the entire early childhood curriculum. The social studies cannot be separated from any other subject matter of the school. Try to find a key concept or a suggested activity in any of the chapters of this text that does not involve children when they are studying other subjects in school. Most social studies concepts and activities involve children in using language through listening, speaking, reading, or writing; in applying mathematics or science concepts; or in expressing their ideas through art, music, or movement. Many social science concepts overlap those of science and mathematics (Jantz & Seefeldt, 1999).
To be meaningful, social studies content must match children's intellectual growth. Meaningful teaching requires matching the richness of the learning environment to the intellectual growth of the child. The richness of an environment for intellectual growth is a function of the appropriateness of this match between inner organizations and external circumstances in a child's succession of encounters with his or her environment. Vygotsky (1978) explained the importance of matching what is to be learned with the nature of children's cognitive maturity: "It is a well known and empirically established fact that learning should be matched in some manner with the child's developmental level". Sue Bredekamp (1998) calls matching what one wants to teach children to their existing knowledge "teaching on the edge of children's knowledge."
Today, early childhood educators have increased their understanding of the problem of this match. The National Association for the Education of Young Children has published Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997) as well as Reaching Potentials in two volumes: Appropriate Curriculum and Assessment for Young Children (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992) and Transforming Early Childhood and Assessment (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1995).
Recognizing that curriculum must match children's maturation as well as the context in which they live, the National Council for the Social Studies does not specify scope, content, or sequence in its standards. These decisions, the council believes, are in the hands of those who teach social studies, the people who know the children and the world in which they live.
The search for matching content to a child's intellectual development continues. By organizing the social science disciplines—skills, attitudes, and values—around key concepts or principles and then describing what we do know about how children grow in understanding these principles, teachers have an opportunity to plan ways of presenting social studies material and content that will have meaning because it will match children's developmental level.
A measure of meaningfulness is guaranteed when teachers realize that children are very young and do have a long time to grow. Then social studies are conceptualized as an initial foundation of social and physical knowledge on which later logical knowledge will be built. The social sciences are meaningful when young children are not pushed to attain concepts beyond their intellectual reach. Learning is a much more complex and drawn out process than is generally acknowledged. The type of complex, meaningful learning that occurs in school and throughout the life span takes place over weeks, months, and years; and there is good reason to believe that the nature of the learning process changes as the tasks of mastering a complex body of knowledge unfold.
Of High Interest
Interested children learn. Interest leads to "meaningful learning, promotes long-term storage of knowledge, and provides motivation for further learning" (Hidi, 1990, p. 549). Whether studying history, geography, economics, current events, or cultures, children must find the material of high interest. It is their interest that motivates them to satisfy their curiosity about themselves and the world in which they live, promoting a sense of competence (Wigfield, 2002). At least three other factors stimulate children's interest in social studies: firsthand learning, self-choice, and social interaction. All the social studies in this text begin with children's firsthand interactions with their world. All of social studies teaching is grounded in children's firsthand experiences, play, and spontaneous activity.
Child choice is encouraged. Through centers of interest, children can select their own learning experiences and activities. Children who are given choices—who initiate their own learning experiences and activities, choose the centers in which they will work, and then make choices within the centers—are more likely to succeed because the problem of match is at least partially solved (Seefeldt & Galper, 2000).
As social beings, children want to be with others and learn to relate ever-more effectively with them. Relating with others, children are exposed to different ways of thinking, knowing, and valuing—all of which lead to expanding cognitive powers (Pattnaik, 2003). Feeling competent socially and cognitively, children are fully motivated to want to continue to learn more about themselves, others, and the world in which they live (Stone, 2003).
Skills, Attitudes, and Knowledge
Using the recommendations of the NCSS (1998) and national history, geography, and civics standards, today's social studies revolve around introducing children to the skills, attitudes, and knowledge required of citizens of a democracy.
Focus on Skills
Within the small democracy of the preschool or primary classroom, children begin to develop the social and participatory skills required of citizens in a democracy. They will be taught and gain the skills necessary to cooperate and share and begin to assume responsibility for themselves as the total group. The National Standards for Civics and Government (Center for Civic Education, 1994) state that students in school should learn to do the following:
- Respect the rights of others.
- Respect the privacy of others.
- Promote the common good, clean up the environment, and care for the school.
- Participate in voting and in developing class rules and constitutions.
Civics and government standards suggest that these skills are best developed by "providing students [with] opportunities to practice these skills and to observe and interact with those in their community who are adept in exercising them" (Center for Civic Education, 1994, p. xiii). Good citizenship is not just a matter of the observance of outward forms, transmitted from the old to the young, but also a matter of reasoned conviction, the end result of people's thinking for themselves (Center for Civic Education, 1994).
Citizens of a democracy need to have the skills of thinking and inquiry. Those skills are promoted throughout the social studies curriculum. "Intellectual skills and civics are inseparable" (Center for Civic Education, 1994, p. xii), and being a citizen of a democracy means being "able to think critically" (p. xii). Wade (2003) suggests a civics curriculum focused on civic projects and aimed at developing concepts of a common good. In this way, young children are most likely able to develop the concepts key to citizenship in a democracy.
Involving children in study of their here-and-now world gives them the platform for posing questions and finding answers. As children study their world, they collect data, observe, survey, weigh, measure, compare, and contrast things in their here-and-now world. After considering the information collected, children reach conclusions. Through inquiry, they use an array of tools appropriate for study of their world. Teachers scaffold children's use of tools and provide time and opportunity for children to reflect on and reconsider the results of their activity. Only as children make sense of their own world, whatever or wherever that world is, will they develop the thinking skills and knowledge of content necessary for productive citizenship.
Focus on Attitudes and Values
Children need to develop attitudes and values congruent with the democratic way of life if democracy is to continue. The attitudes and values of respect for each individual, freedom of speech, setting and following rules, learning to make choices, and participating in the democracy of the classroom are fostered through the social studies.
The NCSS (1998, p. 3) maintains that the focus of education is on how values are formed and how they influence human behavior rather than on building commitment to specific values. The values and attitudes of the fundamental rights to life, liberty, dignity, equality, and speech are best taught by helping students to weigh priorities in situations in which conflicts arise.
Focus on Standards and Knowledge
More than ever, children need knowledge and a basic understanding of the world in which they live. Without knowledge of history, geography, economics, current events, and global interrelationships, children will be ill-prepared to assume responsible citizenship in the future.
In the past, social studies content was limited in scope, trivial, and lacking in connection to major social education goals (Brophy & Alleman, 2002). Today, however, there is an awareness of the richness of concepts key to the social studies and how these concepts can be meaningfully introduced to very young children (Levstik, 2002).
National associations have identified social studies content that children are to learn during the primary grades. Geographers, historians, economists, civic educators, and social studies authorities have all identified what children should know and be able to do from kindergarten through grade four. Pre-kindergarten standards developed by CTB/McGraw-Hill (2002) and reviewed by the Carnegie Corporation of New York articulate what children 3 to 5 years of age should know and be able to do in the field of the social studies. Additionally, the NCSS identifies themes around which social studies teaching can be organized. Below are eight of those themes:
- Culture. The study of culture—the art, language, history, and geography of different cultures—takes place across the total curriculum. To become a global citizen, children must recognize the universals of human cultures everywhere.
- Time, continuity, and change. In the context of their lives, children come to understand themselves in terms of the passage of time and develop the skills of the historian.
- People, places, and environments.Children learn to locate themselves in space, become familiar with landforms in their environment, and develop beginning understanding of the human-environment interaction.
- Individual development and identity. Personal identity is shaped by one's culture, by groups, and by institutional influences. How people learn, what they believe, and how people meet their basic needs in the context of culture are themes within this topic.
- Individuals, groups, and institutions. Institutions such as schools, families, government agencies, and the courts play a role in people's lives. Children can develop beginning concepts of the role of institutions in their lives.
- Power, authority, and governance. Understanding how individual rights can be protected within the context of majority rule can be introduced to young children in the context of their classroom.
- Production, distribution, and consumption. Because people have wants that often exceed the resources available to them, a variety of ways have evolved to answer questions such as "What is to be produced?" and "How is production to be organized?"
- Science, technology, and society. This theme deals with questions such as "How can we cope with change?" and "How can we manage technology so that all benefit from it?"
© ______ 2005, Merrill, an imprint of Pearson Education Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. The reproduction, duplication, or distribution of this material by any means including but not limited to email and blogs is strictly prohibited without the explicit permission of the publisher.


text:
This example walks you through creating a simple Forward Path scenario and task script.
This creates a new scenario and opens it in the Editor. The new scenario script is as follows:
1 Public Function ForwardPath(ByVal currentApplication As Application) As Output 2 ' TODO: Your new Forward Path Logic definition must be defined here. 3 ' Refer to the sample Forward Path scripts which have been provided. 4 Dim myForwardpathresult As New Output() 5 6 myForwardpathresult.Outcome = "Sample Outcome" 7 myForwardpathresult.Cost = 100 8 myForwardpathresult.RAG = RAG.Green 9 10 ForwardPath = myForwardpathresult 11 12 End Function
This evaluates the scenario against the applications that are currently selected in the Application List and opens the results on the Output tab.
Notice that the value in the Outcome column is "Sample Outcome" for each application, and similarly the value in the RAG and Cost columns are "Green" and 100 for all of the selected applications. This is because the values for these columns are "hard-coded" in the script in lines 6-8.
Notice that the Description and Customfield columns are empty because the scenario does not provide values for these columns.
myForwardpathresult.RAG = currentApplication.Modules.Windows7.RAG
This sets the value in the RAG column to the application's Windows 7 RAG status. (This assumes that the application has already been analyzed for the Windows 7 report. If this report is not available, choose another report that is available. Use the Property Explorer to discover how to refer to the other reports.)
The values in the RAG column reflect the actual RAG values.
If (currentApplication.Modules.Windows7.RAG = RAG.Green) Then myForwardpathresult.Outcome = "OK for Windows 7" Else If (currentApplication.Modules.Windows7.RAG = RAG.Amber) Then myForwardpathresult.Outcome = "Remediation required" Else myForwardpathresult.Outcome = "Redevelopment required" End If End If
This statement tests whether the application's Windows 7 RAG status is green. If it is, the script writes "OK for Windows 7" in the Outcome column and if not, it tests whether the Windows 7 RAG status is amber. If it is amber, the script writes "Remediation required" into the Outcome column and otherwise writes "Redevelopment required" to the Outcome column – because if the RAG status is not green or amber, it must be red (assuming the application has been analyzed and unlocked).
Notice that now the values in the Outcome column reflect the logic in the If statement.
This is a deliberately trivial example that is designed to introduce how Forward Path works. To see some more realistic examples, use the Scenarios Explorer to browse the sample scenarios that come with AppDNA and use the Property Explorer to explore the properties that are available to the scenario scripts.
For example, you can use the Output.Display property to control the width and visibility of the standard columns in reports, like this:
myForwardpathresult.Display.Application.Width = 250 myForwardpathresult.Display.Manufacturer.Width = 100 myForwardpathresult.Display.Version.Width = 50 myForwardpathresult.Display.SourcePath.Visible = false myForwardpathresult.Display.Outcome.Width = 400
Similarly you can use the Output.CustomFieldn.Display properties to control the width and visibility of the custom field columns:
myForwardpathresult.CustomField1.Display.Width = 50 myForwardpathresult.CustomField2.Display.Width = 100
These properties control the display of the columns when you run the report. They do not control the columns on the Output tab in the Forward Path Logic Editor.
We will now create a task script that is associated with the "Redevelopment required" value in the Outcome column created by our example scenario script.
This opens the Forward Path Task Script dialog box, which lists the possible values in the Outcome column for the scenario that is open in the Editor.
This creates a new task script and opens it in the Editor. The new task script is as follows:
1 ' This sample script kicks off an Install Capture of the given file 2 ' as well as interacts with the gui 3 LoadAssembly System.Windows.Forms.dll 4 5 Imports AppDNA.AppTitude.Scripting 6 Imports System.Collections.Generic 7 8 Public Class ScriptClass 9 10 Public Function Start(controller As IActionController) As TaskStatusEnum 11 ' If you need to override or provide replaceable to the 12 ' execution profiles add then to this dictionary 13 14 Dim replaceables As Dictionary(Of String, String) 15 ' replaceables.Add( "replaceablename", "value") 16 17 ' This informs the controller that it can abort if the user cancels 18 controller.AbortOnCancel() 19 20 ' This lets you run the execution profile for a given app using a given VM 21 ProductionManager.RunExecutionProfile(controller, "Snapshot", replaceables, "Default VM Configuration") 22 23 ' Add you own actions 24 controller.GUI.ProgressPercent = 100 25 Start = TaskStatusEnum.Complete 26 End Function 27 28 End Class
This is a skeleton task script that starts an Install Capture.
Imports System.Net.Mail Imports System.Net
' This informs the controller that it can abort if the user cancels controller.AbortOnCancel() Dim myClient As New SmtpClient("<validsmtpserver>") myClient.Credentials = New NetworkCredential("<emailaccountusername>", "<emailaccountpassword>") Dim MainMessage As String = "" Dim Message As New MailMessage() Dim Address As New MailAddress("<fromaddress>", "AppDNA Notification") Dim ToAddress As New MailAddress("<recipientemailaddress>") MainMessage = MainMessage + "" MainMessage = MainMessage + "" MainMessage = MainMessage + "<title>AppDNA Notification</title>" MainMessage = MainMessage + "" MainMessage = MainMessage + "" MainMessage = MainMessage + "Hello," MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "Application needs redevelopment." MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "Application Name: " + controller.Application.Name MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "Source Path: " + controller.Application.SourcePath MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "Goodbye." MainMessage = MainMessage + "
" MainMessage = MainMessage + "" MainMessage = MainMessage + "" Message.Body = MainMessage Message.IsBodyHtml = True Message.From = Address Message.To.Add(ToAddress) Message.Subject = "AppDNA Notification" myClient.Send(Message)
This opens the Forward Path Task Sequencing screen, which lists the applications that have been processed by the Forward Path scenario and shows whether they have a task script associated with them.
This runs the task script for that application. The Status column shows whether the script was run successfully. When an error occurs, it is shown in the lower part of the screen. In this example, the script fails if you have not entered appropriate mail parameters for your environment (step 6 above).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Arriving timePlease arrive at least 15 minutes prior to your scheduled appointment to change into the necessary attire. Late arrivals may be subject to reduced treatment time and full rate of the treatment price will be charged accordingly.
You will also be required to complete a health declaration form before the commencement of the treatment.
What to wear and your privacySpa attire, undergarments and towels will be provided for your treatment. Our therapists respect your privacy and throughout the treatment, you will be draped with towels, covering all parts of the body not being treated.
JewelryPlease do not wear jewelry to the spa. Shangri-La's Rasa Sentosa Resort & Spa, Singapore accepts no responsibility for the loss of any valuables or personal belongings that are brought onto the premises of CHI, The Spa at Shangri-La.
Cellphones and devicesTo ensure that the peaceful sanctuary of CHI, The Spa is not disrupted, use of mobile phones is not allowed during spa treatments. Please put your phone on silent mode or switch it off, and refrain from using it in the spa.
Preparing for your treatmentFor ladies, no preparation is necessary. For men, we recommend shaving prior to facial treatments for maximum comfort and benefit to the skin.
Minimum AgeThe spa welcomes guests that are 18 or older. Guests staying at the resort may leave children that are between 5 and 12 years old at the Cool Zone, which offers activities in a supervised environment.
Gift vouchers / Spa creditsAll gift vouchers or spa credits must be presented on arrival to CHI, The Spa within the validity dates. Gift vouchers and spa credits are non-transferable and cannot be redeemed for cash.
ReservationsFor reservations, please contact CHI, The Spa at (65) 6371 1027, email email@example.com or book on-line.
Reservations are subject to the availability of treatment slots. CHI, The Spa welcomes both in-house and walk-in guests.
Cancellation requests must be made at least four hours prior to the scheduled appointment time by phone. A surcharge equal to 50% of the scheduled treatment's price (including government tax and service charge) will be levied for late cancellations. A surcharge equal to 100% of the scheduled treatment's price (including government tax and service charge) will be levied for no shows.
For cancellations, please contact CHI, The Spa at (65) 6371 1027 or email email@example.com. For email cancellations, the time at which the email is received by the spa will be taken as the time of cancellation.
(65) 6371 1027
10am – 9pm (last appointment ends at 8.45pm)
Level 1
101 Siloso Road, Sentosa, 098970, Singapore
Email This Hotel
Location Map
Enjoy easy booking, Mobile Check-In, Check-Out and more. Download our Mobile App and sign in now.


text:
medicare coverage
AARP health insurance plans
AARP life insurance
life insurance
life insurance quotes
silverscript medicare part d
health insurance medicare
medicare coverage
Closing the Coverage Gap— Medicare Prescription … – Medicare.gov
prescription drug coverage (Part D) more affordable. When you're in …. for
generic drugs in the coverage gap. 2015. 45%. 65%. 2016. 45%. 58%. 2017. 40
Medicare Coverage Database – Centers for Medicare & Medicaid …
Oct 5, 2016 … The Medicare Coverage Database (MCD) contains all National Coverage Determinations (NCDs) and Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs), …
Medicare & You – Medicare.gov
Oct 1, 2015 … has grown and today provides quality health coverage for more than 50 … 101 Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) plans. 105 Section …
Your Medicare Benefits – Medicare.gov
Some services and supplies may not be listed because the coverage depends on where you live. To find out more, visit Medicare.gov or call. 1-800-MEDICARE.
Who Pays First – Medicare.gov
Some people with Medicare have other health coverage that must pay … other health coverage to make sure your bills are sent to the right payer to avoid delays .
Medicare – Social Security
4. Medicare. This booklet provides basic information about what. Medicare is, who's covered, and some of the options you have for choosing Medicare coverage.
Medicare's Coverage of Diabetes Supplies & Services – Medicare.gov
This booklet explains Medicare coverage of diabetes supplies and services in. Original Medicare and with Medicare prescription drug coverage (Part D).
Questions and Answers About Medicare for Caregivers – Medicare.gov
to file Medicare claims for covered services for people with. Medicare. … with Medicare are covered for home health care services if they meet all of the following …
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program and Medicare
Benefits (FEHB) Program and Medicare work together to provide health benefits coverage to active or retired Federal employees covered by both programs.
Medicare & the Health Insurance Marketplace – National Disability …
Note: The Marketplace doesn't offer Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) policies or Medicare … Does Medicare coverage meet the Affordable Care Act's.
Medicare & the Health Insurance Marketplace
Note: The Marketplace doesn't offer Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) … Does Medicare coverage meet the Affordable Care Act's requirement that all.
Medicare Coverage of Diabetes Supplies & Services – Virginia …
What diabetes supplies and services does Medicare help pay for? • Where can I get more information? Medicare Coverage of Diabetes. Supplies & Services …
October 2016 Approved Medicare Supplement (Medigap) plans
Have more comprehensive health coverage than the Medigap plan they're … no yearly open enrollment period for Medicare Supplement (Medigap) plans.
CHAMPVA Guide – US Department of Veterans Affairs
affordable health care coverage to all Americans, lower costs, and improve …. you have Medicare and CHAMPVA, Medicare will be your primary insurance.
Medicare – CT.gov
Medicare is a national health insurance program for persons age 65 or older and for … plan or choosing coverage through a Medicare managed care plan.
Medicare Coverage of Genomic Testing – National Human Genome …
Medicare Coverage of Genomic. Testing. Louis B. Jacques, MD. Director, DID/ CAG/OCSQ. With acknowledgements to Jeff Roche, MD …
Massachusetts Bulletin for People with Medicare – Mass.Gov
Medicare Part D (Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage). Helps cover the cost … Medicare coverage. Effective January 1, 2006, Medicare Supplement Insurance.
PEEHIP Member Handbook – Retirement Systems of Alabama
Oct 31, 2013 … Public Education Employees' Health Insurance Plan. Member Handbook 2016- ….. PEEHIP Coverage for Medicare-Eligible Retired Members.
Medicaid Coverage of Medicare Beneficiaries (Dual Eligibles) At a …
eligible for premium-free Medicare Part A may purchase coverage by paying monthly … individuals will pay a monthly premium for Medicare Part B coverage.
Coverage for Tobacco Use Cessation Treatments – CDC
Insurance Coverage of Cessation Treatments Is Cost-Effective … In June 2011, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that it would provide …
Medicare Part A and B
continue as primary coverage, as long as they are active employees. However, retirees and dependents of retirees must enroll in both Medicare Parts A & B as …
AARP health insurance plans (PDF download)
Medicare replacement (PDF download)
medicare benefits (PDF download)
medicare supplemental insurance (PDF download)
medicare coverage (PDF download)
medicare supplement plans (PDF download)
aarp life insurance (PDF download)
aarp insurance (PDF download)
medicare part d (PDF download)
medicare part b (PDF download)
4 Responses to "medicare coverage"
Can you please provide me with a fax # where I can send changes of my office locations. I am a provider for Medicare and I have changed 2 of my office locations. Thank you very much.
Sharon Antin
you need to submit to your local MAC on a form 855B (outpatient I assume).
Could you please tell me if a sit to stand lift is covered on medicare. My Mother is in assisted living home and the are requesting me get her a lift to help with transfers due to her non ambulatory and over 350 lbs.
Thank you for your time in advance.
Can you guide me to a list of Disposition Codes. I bill Medicare for some nursing homes and I would like to know the codes-like-02, 25. They are in a different shade when I pull up someone in the CWF.
Thank you so much for your time. I appreciated.


text:
The BBC today announced a new apprentice scheme to tackle a critical technology skills shortage in the broadcast sector.
The BBC Technology Apprenticeship, funded by BBC Technology and the government's Employer Ownership Skills Pilot with the participation of a various industry partners, aims to produce 100 highly skilled, experienced and employable graduate level apprentices over eight years to meet the growing demands of the industry.
The apprenticeship opened for applications on today and will recruit 20 apprentices annually for a three year programme working toward an honours bachelor degree, with apprentices based across the UK and receiving a combination of training, work placements and academic study.
John Linwood, BBC chief technology officer, said: "The BBC has been at the forefront of broadcasting engineering excellence over many decades. This important industry initiative is a major contribution towards helping train and develop the next generation of engineering talent, and help the UK broadcasting industry maintain its world leading position for the future."
The project sprung from the Open Channels initiative announced in December 2012, which prompted BBC Technology and the BBC Academy, in partnership with major UK universities and Creative Skillset, to bring together some of the UK's biggest broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and ITV) and media infrastructure companies (Red Bee Media and Arqiva) to shape a common skills agenda.
The academic courses will cover key topics including software development and managing IP networks, as well as the traditional engineering principles of electronics, electrics, video and audio systems.
The BBC is working with the Universities of Salford and Birmingham City to develop courses that give apprentices a world-class foundation in the theory of broadcast engineering.
Anne Morrison, director of BBC Academy and chair of Creative Skillset TV and Content Strategy Group, said: "We aim to make the BBC's training and associated resources available more widely across the broadcast supply chain, focusing on key industry skills gaps and attracting a wide and diverse range of applicants to help address the industry shortfall in this sector."
And the organisation hopes the programme will help break the cycle of closed graduate recruitment and ad hoc entry level training to attract a more diverse range of young talent into the sector.
The BBC will employ 100 technology apprentices over eight years on behalf of the wider broadcast and media sector – making newly trained talent available to work across the industry on completion of the qualification.
A video about the new scheme is available on the BBC website as is information on applying for an apprenticeship.


text: Ok not sure about y'all but over the last 6-7 years it seems like I/we have lost a good bit of private land to deer hunt, due to property being sold, other hunters messing it up, etc. We purchased the house we're in now about 3 years ago and I have been looking around at all of these small (5-30) acre plots of woods scattered around here throughout the crop fields. But here's the catch, to be honest if I don't really know you I don't have that much to say to you. So I plan on trying to find out who owns these plots of woods and in the next few weeks go try to get permission to hunt them. My method of doing so is probably going to be simply knocking on doors and talking. Now I follow all hunting laws and am respectful as anyone can be when it comes to someone else's property...but how do I portray this to the landowner as I ask for permission? What advice do y'all have when it comes to gaining access to private land when you are a complete stranger to the landowner? Any pointers?


text:
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. The study of genes that code for enzymes that metabolize drugs, and the design of tailor-made drugs adapted to an individual's genetic make-up.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
Recent development in pharmacogenomics: from candidate genes to genome-wide association studies.
One thing that we do have on our list is pharmacogenomics, which is sort of the next stage after the genome project.
Such precision is one aspect of a field called pharmacogenomics, which seeks to match drugs to a patient's genome.
Results from the survey found that only 26 percent (about one in four) of physicians have had any type of education in the field known as pharmacogenomics (PGx), and only 10 percent of physicians currently believe they have the necessary information and training to put pharmacogenomics testing to use.
While "pharmacogenomics" is in its infancy, it is already helping many patients.
I think what might even be more interesting for drug development is to pursue what they all pharmacogenomics in the clinical trials world, where they know that certain subpopulations of humans, genetically, respond differently to drugs, and it may be possible to make chips that effectively represent whole populations and thus you could be doing that kind of pharmacogenomics, if you like, but doing it on, you know, thousands of little micro channels on a chip the size of your hand, and multiplexing and doing (unintelligible).
'prakriti' - seeing the individual as a whole - has greatly helped biomedical researchers understand new disciplines such as pharmacogenomics (how an individual's genetic makeup influences response to a drug).
After that, demand decreased and leveled off at around a 10-fold increase compared with before March 2010, according to Gwen McMillin, co-medical director of pharmacogenomics at the lab and a pathology professor at the University of Utah.
He's not kidding: you can read far more than you're likely to need to know about them in a textbook by David Mrazek, a leader in psychiatric pharmacogenomics who — not coincidentally — is based at Mayo and was instrumental in developing GeneSightRx.
"Hands-on is the best way to learn," said Skacel, an assistant professor with the pharmacogenomics program at GWU.
It's going to be extremely interesting to see how (genetic testing) changes the landscape for personalized medicine. And particularly when it comes to pharmacogenomics, by which I mean picking the right drug for the right person at the right dose for the right time. -- Francis S. Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health. (Washington Post, March 24, 2010).


text:
Beauty And The Geek Is Back
Beauty and The Geek is back for another season but SEVEN knew they had to razzle it up a bit so this time it is set in Fiji. Also James Tobin will host the show taking oer rom Bernard Curry. There will be eight contestants and apparently one of the guys is a bisexual so not sure if with be a male or female beauty he will be hooking up with.
Beauty and The Geek starting soon on SEVEN.
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4 comments
- 1 Dr T { 09.10.13 at 6:35 pm }
Not that I've watched Survivor, but got to hope there will be some cross elements
I wonder if they will have them teaching at the local schools as in previous seasons. Or if they get to meet Bainimarama… they could have a beauty challenge on forms of government with him as the judge!
- 2 Georgie { 09.11.13 at 8:25 am }
This is going to need more than a trip to Fiji to recover – it was an 'only justa' to start with. Then with the usual heavy handed interference from producers in subsequent seasons, it became so scripted and contrived it was plain unbearable.
Quit the dumb, acting dumb, from the beauties and stop dressing the geeks up like unshaven rejects from an op-shop. Take a risk and just let them all be themselves and see what happens.
- 3 JK { 09.11.13 at 9:46 am }
I really loved season 1, subsequent seasons try too hard.
- 4 Culinary Boner { 09.11.13 at 11:01 am }
Some authentic geeks/nerds, rather than actors who've grown a beard and dress in clashing colours, would be helpful.
Like you, JK, I really liked the early series which had a sense of fun & absurdity, legit geeks like Xenogene and knew it was a crappy low-brow reality show.
I don't hold out a great deal of hope that it'll find form, but will still tune in for the 1st episode.


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Multiproject resource planning tool
Budget $750-1500 USD
We are looking for a tool close to the [url removed, login to view] website. We love the tool but need to self host it and also need some more datafields. At best we could need a website with same funktionality of the ganttic website with our own modifications.
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ERIC Number: ED423292
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1998-Feb-7
Pages: 9
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: N/A
The Test of Phonological Awareness. Critique.
Moore, Jenny
The Test of Phonological Awareness (TOPA) was developed to help identify children who are delayed in their development of phonological awareness. Research supports the theory that children with poor phonological awareness are at risk of later reading difficulties. Children who score in the bottom quartile of the TOPA are considered to be at risk for reading difficulties. There are two versions of the TOPA, one for kindergarten and one for early elementary school. Both are made up of two 10-question subtests with pictures used to represent words. The quality of the items appears to be adequate for screening for awareness of phonemes, and the test appears easy to administer. The TOPA yields raw scores, percentiles, and standard scores. Scores are sensitive to the time of the school year the test is administered for the kindergarten version. The normative sample was carefully selected. Norms for the kindergarten TOPA were made up from responses of 875 children from 10 states, while those for the early elementary version are from 3,654 children from 38 states. Coefficient alpha, based on 100 children at each age level, was 0.90 for kindergarten and 0.88 for early elementary, results that support the internal consistency of the TOPA. Overall, the TOPA has many strengths, including a large and representative normative sample. This does not mean that all school districts will relate to the instrument's norms. One suggestion for improvement would be to prepare local norms. Another issue of concern is the clarity of pronunciation and dialect of the administrator. The TOPA-Early Elementary correlated well with subtests from the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test. Correlations with other measures designed to measure phonological awareness were moderate for the kindergarten version and moderate to high for the early elementary version. It is concluded that the TOPA has potential for identifying children at risk for reading difficulties, and due to the ease of administration and the short time required, it can be used as a screening device. (Contains three references.) (SLD)
Publication Type: Reports - Evaluative; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A


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Molly Lucas
Molly Lucas
Office Manager
Phone Number:
(250) 724-1225 ext: 201
Office Manager
Reports directly to the Executive Director; the office manager oversees the operations of the "Welcome Centre/Office Services Team". Provides administrative support to the Exective and Council offices. Other General Office Responsibilities;
- Office Communications
- Community Facility Use Contracts
- Filing Systems, records management
- Office equipment and supplies
- Coordinator for HR administration, assists with staff recruitment


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My word for Citadel is WOW!
"My word for Citadel is WOW! I already had my Honda financed through Citadel and was looking to consolidate some of my credit cards. No one out there would help me until Citadel. Once that was finalized it was one WOW after another! After being with my previous bank for 20 years, I was hooked and changed banks completely. Every time I come in, I am among friends and people are so eager to assist me. Since my change to Citadel, my credit score has skyrocketed. In my humble opinion, Citadel changed my financial world."


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Just came across these Phelps cards while pricing 2004 Leaf Rookies & Stars
Football. He has two cards in the product: 2004 Leaf Rookies & Stars Fans of the Game and Fans of the Game Autograph.
One of the regular cards actually sold for $150 but most of the recent ones
are in the $50-$75 range.
Some of the autographs cards have brought $800.
It always amazes me what prices can be had when a figure is in the public spotlight. See me now – cash in now.
So if Phelps is the Golden Boy, what about the Golden Girls? Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh rolled through the Olympics, stretching their matches won streak well past triple digits. When are they going to become stars of cards – especially when they relayed they would be in London in four years?
If sports cards can continue to filter in political and entertainment cards in its baseball sets, etc., why aren't the Olympians added more often. What would you rather have – guitar heroes or Olympians?


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Former Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich will visit the University of Chicago on Tuesday night for a conversation with Democratic political strategist David Axelrod as part of the university's Institute of Politics' event series.
Executive Director of the Institute of Politics Darren Reisberg said Gingrich was a "logical choice" for the Institute because he has been at the forefront of America's political and policy debates for decades, including the most recent presidential campaign. The conversation between Axelrod and Gingrich will address a range of issues, such as the 2012 Republican primary, the future of the Republican party, Gingrich's thoughts on the current political and policy landscape.


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Mhow, and the adjoining regions in Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh have several clusters and self-help groups engaging in papier mache art and craft. The handicrafts typical to this area are also popularly known as leather crafts involving a skillful amalgamation of papier mache, clay art, sculpting and painting.
Though the districts of Indore and Dewas have many big entrepreneurs working in the specific area of leather toys, small groups and clusters, still foraying into this art form, practice this art with basics of papier mache work and other raw materials easily accessible to them.
Indeshwari Borashi (40) from Chikhli village in Mhow has been practicing papier mache and leather toy works since three years with the help of government schemes and local NGOs in the area. The famous products made by these women are animal figurines and utility items such as decorative furnishings crafted in various shapes and sizes. Horses, turtles, camels, small centre tables are some of the most popular handicrafts from this region.
The papier mache technique forms the sole basis of these products. Made with old newspapers, cardboard and other kinds of waste paper a mix of raw pulp is obtained by soaking these materials in water. Tamarind seeds are then used to prepare flour which is then mixed with the paper pulp so obtained. This blend is then mixed with glue which is also locally prepared from tamarind seeds. All ingredients are kneaded to obtain a paste.
The next steps include preparing frames as desired out of wires, and stuffing these structures/frames with hay so as to give these arrangements, volume. The entire frame is then tied with threads to keep stuffed hay intact, and to also obtain a robust skeleton of the desired figure – ready to be coated with paper and glue mixture.
The third step is to apply uniformly- the paper, clay and glue mixture to this rough skeleton so obtained. Extra care and precision is required to apply this mixture so as to give these 'strictly physical sketches'- a smooth, uniform exterior, and to also render a definitive shape to the anatomy of the figure, done through and through with meticulous hand impressions.
The final stage involves the application of leather coating. Artisans belonging to bigger clusters and groups or those working with private entrepreneurs usually use a mix of all authentic ingredients. Thin films of cardboard and leather are finally cut, paste, coated neatly and homogenously so as to define the entire framework of animal skeletons, previously layered with paper pulp. Once all these processes finish, these items are then left to dry. It is important to note that women and men engaged in the leather toy making industry make these handicrafts throughout the year, intermittently ceasing their work in monsoons owing to factors such as excessive moisture and fungus.
The groups we met experimented with their creativity and inventiveness with shades of brown and black paint, oil and wax polish so as to lend these toys an original 'leather-like' color and look. Once the entire spectrum of activities involving delicate and neat painting is over, artisans finally adorn these figures with accessories made of metal, thread and artificial leather. Thus reused newspaper and tamarind seeds finally, metamorphose into regal creatures from the wild with horses, turtles and camels, ready to offer a rural quotient- to interior and home décor!
Ripple Effects
Because this craft practice provides for an important means of livelihoods, papier mache and leather craft is gaining significance among locals. Increasing number of people look at this beautiful, cost effective crafts form as an alternate source to their incomes. Moreover, exposure visits and workshops for children from nearby schools have been time and again organized so as to enhance their creative potential and develop their cognitive abilities, while also inculcating interest in them towards art and craft.
Waste Management & Recycling: Significance in Art
These techniques highlight the dexterity of rural poor to utilize easily available natural resources, and recycle waste materials than depending upon expensive raw resources which are difficult to access owing to market and financial constraints. The handicrafts economy running here in Chikhli also highlights the dependence of native crafts on managerial acumen, resource utilization behaviour and traditional knowledge of the poor, while keeping itself abreast with contemporary demand and tastes of urban markets. Usage of waste paper, newspapers, hay and seeds highlights subsistence ethics and creative acumen coming quite naturally to these rural 'entrepreneurs'!
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After measuring the window and leveling the brackets, drill the holes to install the brackets. Use screws to secure the brackets onto the window frame and house. A measuring tape, level, angle brackets, scrap wood, hammer, window AC brackets, a pencil, screws, a saw and a drill are required for this project.Continue Reading
Measure the window's width, and use a pencil to mark the center. Line the bracket on the window sill near the top portion so it can lean against the window frame. The bottom part of the anchor flush should be against the side of the house.
Use the level to check the bracket's angle, and consult the manufacturer's instructions to ensure proper installation. Some air conditioners may not work if they are not level.
Confirm that the bracket is in proper place, make any necessary adjustments, and mark the bracket holes with a pencil. Set the brackets aside.
Drill the necessary holes, and place the brackets into position. Use the screws to install the brackets. Affix the brackets to the side of the house and frame.
Place the air conditioner on the brackets. Attach the accordion panels if the manufacturer's instructions deem it necessary.
Place a smaller angled bracket at the bottom frame and sash of the window, and mark each side for drilling. Drill the holes, but avoid drilling through the frame. Install the inside brackets on the bottom and sash. This prevents the unit from coming loose.


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The letter, signed by Omaima Hassan, singled out women beaten during Egypt's unrest and lauded mothers for bringing up the revolutionaries who went on to topple four heads of state it described as "tyrant criminals".
It was not immediately possible to verify the authenticity of the undated message, posted on a website used by Islamist militants.
Al-Qaeda was effectively sidelined by Arab Spring uprisings, launched mainly by middle class activists and intellectuals eager for economic and political reforms.
But there have been signs that the militant network has since been trying to capitalise on the unrest.
"I congratulate all females of the world for these blessed revolutions and I salute every mother who sacrificed her loved ones in the revolutions. It is really an Arab Spring and will soon become an Islamic Spring," read the message.
"These revolutions toppled the tyrant criminals, and thanks to your efforts, patience and raising your sons in dignity," it added.
The message urged Muslim women to keep wearing the veil. "The veil is the Muslim woman's identity and the West wants to remove this identity so she will be without an identity."
It added: "My advice to you sisters is to raise your children on the love of martyrdom ... and to prepare them for restoring the glories of Islam and the liberation of Jerusalem."
A similar message was posted online in Omaima Hassan's name in 2009.
Friday's posting came several months after an eight-minute video recording by Zawahri urging Syrians not to rely on Western or Arab governments to help their uprising to topple President Bashar al-Assad.
Zawahiri took command of the Islamist militant network after the group's founder and leader, Osama bin Laden, was killed by U.S. special forces in Pakistan in May last year.
According to the message posted on Friday, Omaima Hassan said she hoped that the uprisings sparked by a Tunisian setting himself on fire would "liberate Jerusalem" and restore it to its days of glory.
"We will have a new Islamic state based on sharia (Islamic law) arbitration, and we will free Palestine and build a state of succession to the prophecy," the message added.
Israel captured Jerusalem along with the rest of the West Bank in the 1967 Middle East war. Palestinians want the city, annexed by Israel unilaterally, to be the capital of a future Palestinian state.
Source: Reuters


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WATCHUNG – Three students from Mount Saint Mary Academy in Watchung have been honored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars for their submissions to the organization's annual Voice of Democracy contest. Sophomore Alexis Cirrotti of Gillette was selected as the third place winner in Union County. She and sophomores Ellen Reilly of Summit and Devin Kiernan of Westfield earned first, second, and third places respectively for VFW Post 10122 in Scotch Plains.
Voice of Democracy is a unique contest that requires students submit audio recordings of their essays in addition to the written essays themselves. Submissions are judged based on the quality of the written piece, the strength of the overall message, and the impact of the student's presentation. Each year, the VFW selects a patriotic theme for students to contemplate. This year's theme was "Is Our Constitution Still Relevant?" The students created their essays and recordings as part of their honors course work in American History.
Mount Saint Mary Academy is a Catholic, independent school which provides an exemplary college preparatory education for young women in grades 9 through 12. Founded in 1908 as a sponsored work of the Sisters of Mercy, the Mount remains committed to challenging each student to develop her fullest potential in a Christian atmosphere of love and caring.
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Valentines Veggie Bouquet
Happy Valentines Day. We are saying it with heart shaped flowers, well veggies … Boys have dip at the ready ….
– Glass
– Base (I used kumara/sweet potato but cabbage/potato/cucumber)
– Veggie skewer – capsicum, cucumber, radish, daikon, carrot
– Kale for the base
– Beans for leaves
1. Put a block of kumara/sweet potato in the glass and add a skewer.
2. Cut the veggies into heart shapes and add to the skewer.
3. Add more.
4. Put in green beans for foliage.
5. Use green leafy veg to cover the base.
6. A lovely Valentine gift …
The Art of Nutrition
Fun, healthy, creative food for kids big and small


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Formats: Xbox 360 (tested), PlayStation 3
Developer: Konami
Publisher: Konami
Released: 14 October 2011
Konami took something of a gamble last year with PES 2011 and, in many respects, it paid off. With FIFA the undisputed king of the sims, PES went a bit old-school arcade, leaning away from simulation and towards a fast, chaotic, thumping game of footie. It wasn't always pretty, but it was PES, and I loved it for that.
So I'm a little confused about PES 2012. Not that Konami has abandoned that arcade feel, far from it, it's that having hit upon a viable alternative or companion piece to FIFA, they haven't really been sure where to go with it. PES 2012 is different, sure, but it's not always better.
It clings steadfastly to a dreamer's version of attacking football, and for that, at least, we should be thankful. It's zippier than last year, but it's also more lightweight, less substantial. Time was you could rely on PES to have a whacking, hefty physics model where the ball would be loaded with lead and tackles were accompanied by a gorgeous 'wumph'. Bizarrely, distressingly, that sense of weight has gone. The ball floats listlessly through the air, and the physics are strangely inconsistent. The ball just behaves weirdly at times, wobbling off at an unlikely trajectory or magically picking up speed and whooshing across the turf like a greased pinball.
There's the usual gripes as well, dribbling is robotic if precise, animation blending remains dated and unnatural, there are still only a handful of licensed clubs, the music is dreadful and menu presentation is tatty.
And yet... at its heart it's still unquestionably frantic, enjoyable and rewarding PES. A more cynical friend of mine said to me that PES has "a lot of love in the bank", and is trading off that year after year. It's hard to argue, but that love is there for a reason, it's deep within PES's DNA and always has been. The disappointing thing is that since the PlayStation 2, Konami haven't used that foundation to move the series on.
But still here I am, gleefully slaloming through defences with the ball magically stuck to my feet, taking speculative thirty yard shots with my left back and seeing it soar into the top corner, watching as my goalie parries an easy shot with such unlikely ferocity that it ricochets off a centre-half's backside and bobbles into the net, smirking like a child as the other team celebrate by piling on top of each other and vibrating in a most disconcerting manner. I know it's the wrong thing to do, I'm committed to FIFA, I am; it's prettier, more sophisticated and wears all the right clothes, but it's the little quirks that PES has that keep a guy interested for a cheeky fling.
There's genuine improvement here and there too. AI in particular has had a much needed boost, players will now react intelligently to ball positioning, moving into space to receive a through ball, or flying down the wing on the overlap. And, joy of all joys, Konami have finally added the option to set a teammate off on a run. In fact, as if to make up for lost time, they've gone all out with the idea. You can now hold down the right stick to manually manoeuvre a teammate, while the left stick remains in control of the ball-carrier. It's a little fiddly, particularly at first, and requires a little rewiring in the brain but once mastered can be a very handy tool. Although the irony, of course, is that the AI improvements mean that the manual player run isn't as essential as it would have been in previous games, but it's good to finally have it at your disposal.
Master League, the main singleplayer draw for PES, hasn't changed a great deal in structure but Konami have added a slightly peculiar RPG-type shell. You can choose the appearance of your manager, and in between matches you will have briefings with your coach who gives you advice on how to deal with your next opponents, and will pass on objectives from the chairman such as completing a match without picking up a yellow card. You will also have to deal with player worries, and they'll come into your office to demand more pitch time, or thank you for showing faith in them. These are all played out in ropily animated cutscenes, but do add a charming flavour to your career. However, on occasion, some of these little quirks are just plain broken. My Japanese starlet Shimizu, for instance, came into my office requesting the number 10 shirt as it was special to him. As he was my best player at the time, I couldn't see why not, so changed his number straight away. Which then put young Shimizu in a huff, unhappy with his squad number. Mind you, he was a teenager, so maybe it was just hormones or something.
There's a similar structure in the Be A Legend mode where you take control of a single player. But in general that just means swapping your nice suit for a pair of shorts and the manager's office for the player's tunnel.
Online multiplayer, however, is where PES 2012 is at its best. Konami have really gone to town on the modes available for network play. It's not as well structured or all-encompassing as FIFA, but there are online competitions to enter that start at certain times in the day and an Online Master League where you can build a custom team from scratch, earning money by winning matches. There's even Facebook integration with the MyPES app, which you can use to arrange matches and track your stats. PES has always been a game that has bred a voracious community, so it's nice to see it being embraced. Matchmaking is easy, matches are generally smooth and I tell you what, PES players don't quit in a strop half as much as FIFA players do.
So PES 2012 is a bit of a mixed bag then. The improvements in AI and excellent online modes are a solid basis to continue re-building PES to its former glory, but the weird physics and newfound lack of weight are a concern. It still feels like PES just isn't 100% sure where it should be going. There's a lot of good here, and the right focus could see it being great once again.


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Business briefs: Amgen and Wockhardt
Rebounding from its failed Onyx courtship, Amgen announced Tuesday that it has paired up with Servier in a deal that will give it some heft in the cardiovascular space. The collaboration, which garners a $50-million signing fee for Servier, gives Amgen commercial rights to the oral chronic heart failure drug ivabradine, which is approved in the EU under the brand name Procoralan, as well as the exclusive option to develop Servier's S38844, a Phase II heart failure drug. In exchange, Servier scored rights to commercialize Amgen's Phase II heart failure drug omecamtiv in Europe.
Indian generic drug maker Wockhardt has been locked out of European drug markets. Bloomberg reports that the drug maker's Waluj factory failed to meet UK guidelines. The FDA shut down the company's US distribution from this same plant in May, a move Bloomberg said is forecast to cost the manufacturer around $100 million in sales.


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Name: Rory Wells
Job Title: Sales
Saddle Safari Employee Since: 2016 Part time
Rides: Trek Boone 7, Trek Madone 9 custom build, Trek Madone 3 custom build, Dolan DF3, LaPierre X control
Lives: Walters Ash
Info: Rory joined us after finishing at Loughborough University in 2016, He has been riding bikes for as long as he can remember and first started competing in mountain bike orienteering. Since then he has taken up racing in a number of different disciplines including Road, Time Trial, Track and Cyclo-cross, he can often be seen out on the lanes of the Chilterns or at local races in his bright purple university kit. Rory has competed with varying degrees of success in most different disciplines of cycling and is always excited by the chance to chat about new cycling equipment.
Interesting fact: Rory has spent the year working as a brand ambassador for 3T cycling.


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The Best Hose Nozzle
After considering six new hose nozzle models in 2015, we're standing by our current picks. The new contenders were flawed by too many complicated spray patterns—which means more parts and more chances…
Whether you're out washing cars or watering gardens, you'll need a good nozzle to control and shape the flow of water coming out of your hose to suit the task at hand. After testing several top-rated models, we'd get the Gilmour Full Size Zinc Pistol because it's easy to use and darn cheap, and it has a great spray pattern.
The Gilmour Full Size Zinc Pistol is a dead-simple metal spray head with a comfortable pistol grip and an easy-to-squeeze, intuitive trigger that you depress in the palm of your hand while your fingers grab the stationary part. You can adjust the spray pattern by how hard you squeeze the trigger, creating a simple fan with a light depression and a steady beam with a full squeeze. You can also adjust the tension on the trigger, making the spray gentler or firmer overall. Made primarily from zinc, the Gilmour is a durable, well-made model that lasts a long time and does not easily break down or leak.
If you want a nozzle that can be adjusted without squeezing or prefer an option that is completely brass-free, we also like the sturdy fireman-style Bon-Aire Original Ultimate Aluminum Hose Nozzle ($18). It's three times the price of the Gilmour, but it's still less than $20 and offers five different spray patterns.
Our new favorite watering wand, the Dramm One Touch Watering Wand ($26) rains gently on hanging plants and has a detachable water breaker that can be removed for easy cleaning.
For this year's update, we added an additional eight hours of research to sweep for new models, digging further into the question of material safety. In short: we recommend avoiding brass hose nozzles or fittings, which can have a considerable amount of lead in them. Even if you have lead-free nozzles, though, we still don't recommend drinking from the hose, due to problems with mold, bacteria, and other contamination. We took a look at five additional nozzles and wands made primarily of materials other than brass. The Gilmour and Bon-Aire still came out on top, with the Dramm edging out last year's watering wand pick.
The research
Should I upgrade?
Hose nozzles are pretty cheap, and upgrading will give you better control of the spray and a drip-free connection with the hose. If you're not ready for a new nozzle yet, don't worry. Judging by our reviewers' and experts' experiences, if you don't have one of our top picks, your hose nozzle is probably going to fall apart soon anyway, so you can replace it then.
How we picked and tested
Nozzles come in different shapes, and the better ones offer adjustable spray options—from focused and high-pressure to diffused and gentle—for different tasks. Pistol-style nozzles have a trigger you pull to control the flow and force of water. Dial nozzles have a twistable barrel that adjusts a central opening. Wand styles pair shower-style heads with a stiff, long arm, which allow you to gently water high-hanging plants. All of these nozzles should allow you to keep the nozzle shut even when the tap is running so you don't waste water while you move your hose to the right spot.
Most hose nozzles cost less than $20, and most nozzles don't make it through more than one growing season. Many, many reviewers complain that nozzles need to be replaced yearly. In particular, any nozzle made out of plastic seems to crack and leak if it gets dropped on pavement. Dial-type nozzles with fancy spray patterns get gummed up with dirt or sand.
We avoided all-brass hose nozzles as brass generally contains lead, which can leach into water and transfer to hands during handling. How much lead actually gets into your water is not known or regulated. (For more information, read Is the water that comes out of hose nozzles safe?)
To whittle down the list, we looked at top-rated models on Amazon, Home Depot, Lowe's and Lee Valley, considering design, materials, quality and variety of spray, durability, and cost.
Over several weeks we used the nozzles for a variety of tasks, including watering the garden, cleaning sidewalks, filling buckets and washing the car. We attached them to different hoses to look at not only the connection but any performance issues due to a smaller diameter hose. We paid close attention to each nozzle's ability to produce a range of spraying patterns, as well as seeing how far they could throw a solid stream of water (for when you want to reach that bed of plants at the end of your garden).
Keep in mind that your water pressure is also tied to your hose. If your nozzle merely drizzles and won't give you the jet-spray of your dreams, you may want to upgrade to a hose with a larger diameter that will push more water into your nozzle more quickly. (You can read about our favorite in our garden hose guide.)
Our pick
As its name implies, the Gilmour Full Size Zinc Pistol nozzle is pistol-shaped with a squeezable palm trigger. How hard you squeeze the trigger determines how water comes out. Pull the trigger a little and you get a wide spray that generates a fine mist, but pull all the way back and you get a constant stream that'll soak plants twenty or thirty feet away. The pistol comes with a locking loop that you can use to keep the trigger compressed (a process similar to what you do when pumping gas). You can also adjust the tension of the trigger by turning the brass thumbscrew (this sets it to particular spray settings).
The Gilmour pistol is incredibly cheap at only $6, but feels solidly built. The body is cast out of solid zinc with a stainless steel spring. There are very few moving parts, minimizing the ways the nozzle can get broken or jammed. Compared to other pistol-style nozzles, the Gilmour might seem a bit simple, but that makes it easy to hold and aim. Most importantly, you can produce the kind of spray you want without having to refer to a user manual.
One of the benefits of the trigger system is that turning the flow off is as easy as letting go. Most other hose nozzles require quite a bit of twisting or actively flipping an on/off lever (a common failure point) on the hose itself.
Flaws but not dealbreakers
Zinc has some peculiar characteristics, the most annoying of which being that it has a tendency to undergo electrolytic corrosion when used around salt water. For those who live close to the ocean, Gilmour makes a marine version of this pistol out of hardened plastic, but as with most things plastic it's not quite as durable. Stoney, the reviewer from Amazon, mentions that he lives in Florida near the water and that his zinc pistols typically last about 5 years. (For a $7 hose nozzle in a less-than-optimal environment, that's fantastic.)
It's easy to generate the pattern that you want, but there's one downside: you have to manually hold the trigger in position to keep the spray going. The pistol requires fairly firm hand grip. If you have issues keeping a grip for a long time, you might want to consider the firehose-style nozzle below instead.
A runner-up
In contrast to the pistol style, the cylindrical Bon-Aire nozzle is controlled by twisting the barrel, which moves a stainless steel baffle in and out, controlling the volume and pattern of the water as it comes out. This kind of nozzle is known as a "fogging nozzle" and is used by firefighters because of its ability to break up streams of water into smaller droplets that generate a greater surface area (which cools down fires faster).
The Bon-Aire offers five spray patterns: a slow, gentle pour, a soft spray, a diffuse spray, a narrower, more forceful jet, and a concentrated needle stream of water appropriate for blasting dirt off of things. The nozzle also twists shut in both directions.
The Bon-Aire has a reassuring heft that feels great in hand. It features two big hunks of rubber that wrap around the aluminum at the front and back of the nozzle, which make it easy to hold on to and twist. It also means that you don't have to worry when you drop it on concrete. Another nice touch is that it's possible to disassemble and clean the Bon-Aire using a 5/32″ hex wrench.
One downside of the Bon-Aire nozzle is that turning the water on and off isn't immediate. You have to twist all the way to the left or the right in order for it to stop the flow of water, sometimes cycling through different spray patterns. When twisted all the way to the right, ours also tended to leak. If you forget to keep the nozzle in an off position before you shut the water off at the source, it's all too easy to turn the tap back on and accidentally soak yourself or leave your hose running fifty feet away. On the other hand, the design does make it a lot easier to set and hold a particular spray pattern than it is with a pistol-style nozzle.
The Bon-Aire nozzle also suffered when attached to a thinner hose. With the 7/16" Water Right Ultra Light Slim Hose, the Bon-Aire produced more of a dribble than a drench. Finally, despite a 4.3 star rating from over 900 reviews, many Amazon customers complained that the Bon-Aire was susceptible to breaking if left out during freezing weather.
The Bon-Aire nozzle is one of the more expensive of the nozzles we tested at $17. We still preferred the cheaper pistol from Gilmour because it is simpler to use and easier to turn on and off (while also being able to produce an identical range of spray). However, the Bon-Aire is a great choice for folks with arthritis or weak grips, or who know they want to set and hold a particular spraying pattern for long periods of time.
Also great
If you know you're going to be watering seedlings or a veggie garden, you may want to look into a watering wand. This specialized nozzle is especially useful if you need to water hanging plants, as the long arm can get water to the right place at the right pressure. You shouldn't, however, expect to use a wand for all your watering needs as it won't provide enough pressure to clean a car or have a high enough volume to really soak a garden bed quickly.
For gentle watering, the Dramm One Touch Watering Wand ($26) breaks hose water down into a gentle cascading shower suitable for soft-focus shampoo commercials, or watering patio plants. Tall people can get a 16" version, while short people can get 30" of plant-moistening relief to reach those high hanging baskets.
The Dramm One Touch Watering Wand has a thumb dial that allows you to keep the valve open without holding it down. Unlike the Gardena Gentle Watering Wand, our former pick, the Dramm's dial also allows you to turn the water off completely, so you don't need to buy a separate shut-off valve. And, if you decided that epic water fights are more your style than mere plant care, you can remove the Dramm water breaker and screw on a Bon-Aire nozzle instead, for a truly impressive backyard water sword.
If you'd rather just use your hose to water plants, and only to water plants, you can purchase the Dramm Water Breaker ($17) alone, without the aluminum extension.
Is the water that comes out of hose nozzles safe?
Brass hose nozzles contain enough lead that we do not recommend them for home use. But what about other types of nozzles? Are they safe, or do they leach toxic chemicals into hose water?
The answer is: nobody knows. HealthyStuff.org and Consumer Reports have tested many different types of hoses and hose connectors and found large variations in how much hoses leach lead and heavy metals, BPA, and phthalates into water. But they didn't test hose nozzles, and hose nozzle chemicals aren't federally regulated. The federal Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act, which took effect in January 2014, only applies to plumbing, not hoses or hose nozzles.
The best information consumers can get is a California Proposition 65 warning label, which will tell you if there's a toxic chemical from California's list in the hose—but it won't tell you how much of that chemical is in the nozzle, or how much leaches into the water during typical use. The poison is in the dosage, and the amount in these products might be a serious health risk, or it might not affect the water at all.
Our top pick, the Gilmour Full Size Zinc Pistol Grip Nozzle, carries a California Proposition 65 warning, probably due to lead in the brass valve inside the nozzle. Will it leach lead into your water? Probably, but no one has measured how much lead will get into your water during typical use—if any leaches in at all.
If you are concerned about excess lead, there are a few "lead-free" hose nozzles on the market without brass fittings. Our runner-up pick, the Bon Aire Original Ultimate Hose Nozzle, has workings made of lead-free aluminum and stainless steel. The Scotts General Purpose Adjustable Spray Nozzle is also made of aluminum.
If you're concerned about contaminants from both hoses and hose nozzles, do not leave water sitting in your hose. The longer that water is in contact with your hose, and the warmer the water gets, the more toxins will leach into your water. Don't leave a full hose lying in the sun. Drain your hose and nozzle after use. Wash your hands after handling any brass connectors or fittings. Do not drink from a garden hose. Even lead-free hoses can harbor bacteria, mold, and remnants of fertilizers, pesticides, or compost from your yard. Use a water bottle instead.
The Craftsman Hose Nozzle ($15 plus shipping or free store pick-up) looked familiar. Actually, it looked identical to the Bon-Aire nozzle. Side by side, the only differences we could see between the two nozzles was that the Bon-Aire has its external metal parts tinted green, not silver, and the Bon-Aire says "Bon-Aire" on the side instead of "Sears." They performed identically in side-by-side tests, and they both carry lifetime warranties. If you're not going to go by Sears, you could save a couple of bucks in shipping costs by ordering the Bon-Aire from Amazon along with your "Wild Spring Planting Mud Gardening Outtakes!" DVD.
Scotts brand produces lead-free aluminum hose nozzles. We tested the Scotts General Purpose Adjustable Spray Nozzle, a slimmer variation on the firehose models, and the Scotts 9-Function Turret Nozzle, a standard plastic dial nozzle. The Scotts General Purpose Adjustable Spray Nozzle produced a decent variety of hard and gentle sprays, but we could not shut off the spray at the nozzle. Twist it as far as you can to the left, and the nozzle stays open. Twist it to the right, and keep twisting, and twisting, and eventually the still-open nozzle falls off the end of the hose without closing off the flow. That was a particularly damp testing session.
The Scotts 9-Function Turret Nozzle, like all other plastic dial nozzles, leaks and dribbles at every setting except "center." Unlike America's political elite, I am not always aiming for the center. Skip this nozzle unless you like to water your feet.
The uber-simple Dramm Brass Hose Nozzle ($14) is a popular, classic design. Similar to the Bon-Aire, the Dramm uses a twisting system to turn on/off and to cycle through the different spray patterns. Their solid brass construction is bombproof and pretty much impossible to break. We were underwhelmed, though, with its ability to generate different spray patterns. Both the Bon-Aire and Gilmour produced not only a finer mist but also a longer throw. Unfortunately, because the Dramm nozzle is made out of solid brass it contains enough lead that they recommend you wash your hands after use. No thanks.
Dramm's Revolution 9 Pattern Nozzle ($15) is new for 2015 and purportedly easier to turn on and off with just a thumb, but you still have to crank the ring around the nozzle to select one of the nine different spray patterns. It's made of metal and plastic, and it costs twice as much as our main pick, so we're not recommending it.
Among watering wands, Steve Masley of Grow It Organically says that the Gardena Gentle Watering Wand is the best of its kind. "Every other watering wand I've tried—and I've tried many—had too hard a spray, and blasted the plants and soil, even when it's set on 'shower'," writes Masley. At about $20 it's not a bad investment. However, unlike the Dramm, you'll need to buy a separate shut-off valve, which adds to the cost.
We considered the Dramm Touch 'N' Flow ($24), another watering wand, but it shuts off if you don't push down the handle.
Wrapping it up
The Gilmour Pistol Nozzle is all the hose nozzle that most people will ever need. It works well for a variety of tasks, including everything from watering your plants to cleaning your car or deck. And while you could spend more, you'd lose out on all the benefits that simplicity buys you. Pair it with our favorite hose, the Craftsman 50 ft. Rubber Hose, for a combo that gets your garden watered for less than $40.
Genevieve Schmidt, North Coast Gardening
"There is one that I really like called the Ultimate Hose Nozzle. Fireman style nozzle, and comes with a lifetime warranty, but it is awesome. Twist the nozzle in either direction and it'll shower or go into a super sharp firehouse stream. It's so nice because you can go from cleaning off your patio, to giving your seedlings a little sprinkle. It's rubberized, so that if you drop it on the ground and drag it across the yard it's fine."
Steve Masley, Best Watering Wand, Grow It Organically
"Every other watering wand I've tried—and I've tried many—had too hard a spray, and blasted the plants and soil, even when it's set on 'shower'." "Hard watering can injure delicate seedlings, and injured stems and leaves—especially when it's wet—are an entry point for plant diseases."
Stoney, Does The Job, Amazon Review
"Nozzles exactly like this have been around for at least 40 years--manufactured in a dozen companies--and sold under a wide variety of brand names---for a very good reason---they are the best design. They are perfectly and easily controlable, durable, and don't leak. You can get 'prettier' versions with plastic covers over the grip and plastic handles, if 'pretty' is your priority---but, functionally speaking, you can't buy a better designed garden hose nozzle. "What about those other pretty, fancy, mostly plastic sprayer nozzles (which cost 3x--4x more) that you see at the garden center?---they don't work nearly as well, and won't last nearly as long. I know this for a fact---my wife keeps buying them---indeed we have a bin of discarded (mostly still functional) 'pretty' sprayer nozzles, which have 'fallen out of favor' for various reasons."
Monica Hemingway, Ultimate Hose Nozzle Product Review, Gardening Products Review
"My only quibble with the Ultimate Hose Nozzle is that it works less well with low water pressure, especially on the 'mist' setting (it emits bigger water droplets that may damage more delicate plants). However, with normal levels of water pressure, it works very well and is practically indestructible."
Michael Ferweda, Watering Solutions for Healthy and Organic Gardening, Zinger Hardware Blog


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Jump Level Up 4 (6-4 kyu)
Brand: Baduktopia
This product is unavailable
Jump Level Up! is a Baduk (Go) series for intermediates. They have been written, edited and translated by graduated students from Department of Baduk Studies, Myongji University. The author Lee Jae-Hwan is the owner of a Go school and has about 16 years teaching experience.
In Korea these books are used as workbook in many private Go schools, one chapter is studied per lesson. Children from as young as 5 years old can learn Go easily with these books. Series 1-5 and Answer Book 1 are designed for bringing players up from 10kyu to 1kyu.
- Author: Lee Jae-Hwan
- 168 Pages
- Published by Baduktopia
Item BT-BX023-A


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Disaster Assistance/Crop Insurance
The federal government plays a significant role in assisting agricultural producers cope with financial losses caused by natural disasters. Three major ways this assistance is provided is through the federal crop insurance program, the Noninsured Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), and the Emergency Assistance Loan Program (EM). These programs are permanently authorized under federal law. The federal government also provides such assistance under disaster programs established under the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, commonly referred to as the 2008 Farm Bill. Read the full overview.
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
Federal Crop Insurance Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1501-1524
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance, 7 U.S.C. § 1531
Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq.
Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act (National Appeals Division), 7 U.S.C. §§6991-7002
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, 7 U.S.C. § 7333
Dairy Indemnity Payment Program, 7 U.S.C. § 450j
Tree Assistance Program, 7 U.S.C. §§ 8201 – 8205
Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund, 19 U.S.C. 2497a
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Regulations, 7 C.F.R. Parts 400-458
National Appeals Division, 7 C.F.R. Part 11
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), 7 C.F.R. §§ 1437.1-1437.505
Indemnity Payment Programs, 7 C.F.R. Part 760
Dairy Indemnity Payment Program, 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.1 – 760.33
Dairy Disaster Assistance Payment Program, 7 C.F.R. §§ 786.100 – 786.115
Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs (General Provisions), 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.101-760.116
Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP), 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.201-760.211
Livestock Forage Disaster Program, 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.301 – 760.307
Livestock Indemnity Program, 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.401 – 760.406
Tree Assistance Program, 7 C.F.R. §§ 500-507
Supplemental Revenue Assistance Payments Program (SURE), 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.601 – 760.650
Crop Disaster Assistance, 7 C.F.R. §§ 760.701-760.708
Federal Register Rules Open for Comment
Case Law
Case Law Index for Federal Crop Insurance Program
Administrative Law Decisions
Office of the Administrative Law Judges
Center published USDA Judicial Officer's Decisions
Center Research Publications
A Practitioner's Guide to the Litigation of Federally Reinsured Crop Insurance Claims (Ballard, 2013)
Crop Insurance Arbitration: What is Arbitration, When is it Required, and How Does it Work? (Ballard, 2012)
Crop Insurance for Edamame (R. Rumley, 2012)
The Federal Crop Insurance Program: Administration, Structure, and Operation (Ballard, 2012)
Filing a Crop Insurance Claim: An Overview for Producers (Ballard, 2012)
Scope of the Federal Crop Insurance Arbitration Clause (Fancher, 2002)
FCIC's Standard Reinsurance Agreement (Fancher, 2002)
Congressional Research Service Reports
CRS Subject(s):
Disaster Impact and Assistance
Farm Bills
Agricultural Law Bibliography
Introduction | Keyword Search | Browse Categories
Legal publications on Crop Insurance & Disaster Assistance:
Administrative Law (Federal and State Farm Programs)
Finance and Credit
Domestic Farm Policy and Legislative Analysis
Reference Resources
Farm Economy: Crop Yield and Revenue Insurance
Farm Economy: Farm & Commodity Policy
Farm Practices and Management: Risk Management
Changing Farm Structure and the Distribution of Farm Payments and Federal Crop Insurance (White and Hoppe 2012)
Identifying Overlap in the Farm Safety Net (O'Donoghue, et al. 2011)
Grassland to Cropland Conversion in the Northern Plains: The Role of Crop Insurance, Commodity, and Disaster Programs (Claassen, et al. 2011)
Farm Service Agency (FSA)
FSA Handbooks for Disaster Assistance
Emergency Forest Restoration Program
Livestock Programs (4-DAP Revision 1)
Livestock Programs (4-DAP Revision 2)
Crop Disaster Programs (1-CAP)
Crop Disaster Program (5-DAP Revision 1)
Crop Disaster Program (5-DAP Revision 2)
Livestock Disaster Assistance Programs (1-LDAP)
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program for 2001 and Subsequent Years (1-NAP Revision 1)
Supplemental Revenue Assistance Program (1-SURE)
Tree Assistance Program (1-TAP Revision 2)
Tree Assistance Program for 2008 through 2011 Crop Years (1-TAP Revision 3)
Dairy Indemnity Payment Program (3-LD Revision 7)
Disaster Assistance and Emergency Relief for Individuals and Businesses
Crop Insurance and Crop Disaster Payments
Disaster Area Losses – Agriculture Tax Tips
Farmer's Tax Guide
Risk Management Agency (RMA)
Farm Risk Planning
RMA Fact Sheets
Laws and Regulations
Bulletins and Handbooks
Overview of Crop Policies
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Livestock Policies
Reinsurance Agreements
Civil Rights and Community Outreach
History of the Crop Insurance Program
RMA Publications
Congressional Resources
Congressional Agriculture Committees
U.S. Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture
U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management
Government Accountability Office (GAO) (Search Page)
Overview of Farm Safety Net Programs (CRS In Focus Summary)
SURE Program Now Available for 2008 and 2009 Crop Disaster Losses (FLAG, 2010)
Documenting Disaster Losses (FLAG, 2009)
What Help is Available for What Types of Disaster Losses (FLAG, 2009)
Pasture, Rangeland, Forage Insurance Program (FLAG, 2009)
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) (FLAG, 2009)
Livestock Risk Protection Insurance (FLAG, 2009)
Individual Crop Insurance (FLAG, 2009)
Group Risk Crop Insurance (FLAG, 2009)
Emergency Conservation Program (FLAG, 2009)
Adjusted Gross Revenue-Lite Insurance (FLAG, 2009)
Disaster Readiness and Recovery: Legal Considerations for Organic Farmers (FLAG, 2007)
Farmers' Guide to Disaster Assistance (FLAG, Sixth Edition, 2008)
Additional Resources
Crop Insurance Posts (Ag & Food Law Blog)
American Arbitration Association Rules
Crop Insurance Terms and Definitions (TX A & M, Stokes, 1999)
Farmdoc – Crop Insurance (U. IL at Urbana)
National Ag Risk Education Library (U. MN)
Crop Insurance – Tools and Calculators (U. IL. iFarm Tools)


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musicgypsyon October 05, 2011 Link
0What's "whapping those weeping eyes" mean? The song is great...I love the beat, but I've never known what that line means.Flag FatBottomedGurlon October 05, 2011
Lyrics submitted by dueyfinster
"Mustang Sally" as written by Bonny Rice
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AHO Speaks
Spirtual Ethics - Poem by AHO Speaks
'To take the life of self or another'
Never again a journey with sister or brother.
'To be the instigator of physical or mental pain'
A journey as the receiver of the act; time and time again.
'Those who cheat, lie or steal'
A journey of darkness never to see or reveal.
'The abusers of the earthly phsycial form'
A journey when they wished they were never born.
'Those who do not share their earthly treasure'
A journey spent in waiting in a time they cannot measure.
'Those who do wrong and believe it is right'
A long, long journey to see a heavenly sight.
'Those who misuse the gift of power'
A journey that will include an eternal hour.
'Those who fail to give thanks for the gifts of each'
The jorney delayed until some one can teach.
'Failure to offer free expression to God of a love deep within'
The journey will not contain a door for a new life to begin
04-06-06 Aho Speaks
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Here it is: Part 3 from our fabulous ice cream social. And we definitely saved some of the eye candy for last! For the event, the perfect petal delivered smashing florals and little touches that made us giggle with delight. With the theme of an ice cream social, the Perfect Petal made farm animals and made barnyard chic! One of my favorite touches was the hand illustrations in the fitting room! Who doesn't love a goat telling me that I look grrreeat!!!
If you scroll to the bottom two images you can check out Cindy (the owner of Perfect Petal) who is so much fun to work with as well as the amazing Cheryl Ungar who shot all of the images. And while I thought this was going to be the last post, we're going to have one more where we show you how to bring some of these touches in an affordable way to your next event.