text:
|Abolition of justice precinct by redistricting, article V, section 18(c) of Texas Constitution provides that justice of the peace will serve out full term in precinct where he or she resides
|Ad valorem tax, The Texas Supreme Court has not determined whether the Constitution impliedly prohibits the Legislature from allowing a political subdivision to impose ad valorem taxes absent express constitutional authorization
|Advanced Placement Incentive Program, terms under which public school teacher may receive payment under section 521.126 of Education Code
|Advanced Placement Program, a payment to a public school teacher under section 521.126 of the Education Code serves a public purpose
|Alcoholic beverage sales, preemption of municipal ordinance regulating location of
|Amend or enact general law, Central Education Agency rider contained in General Appropriations Act for 1991-1992 fiscal biennium attempts to and is therefore invalid under article III, section 35(a)
|Amended definition of "gambling device" invalidly authorizes operation of certain "lotteries" prohibited by Texas Constitution
|Anti-bribery statement signed by public officers before taking oath of office, state-level officers must file with secretary of state
|Any law that voters see fit to approve, Texas Constitution may be amended to create
|Apportionment requiring election of new senate, legislation changing two senatorial districts constitutes
|Apportionment requiring election of new senate, whether court-ordered boundary changes in two senatorial districts constitutes
|Appropriation bill, in order to exceed Comptroller's revenue estimate, must find "emergency or urgent public necessity" and be enacted by a four-fifths vote of total membership of each house
|Appropriations act rider authorizing Texas Public Finance Authority to issue revenue bonds to finance construction of state office building in Nueces County, validity of
|Appropriations act rider prohibiting purchases from companies found guilty of unfair business practice, validity of
|Arbitration requirement for seed performance disputes does not violate open courts provision
|Article 4, section 14 of the Texas Constitution, the Governor may veto items of appropriation, which is a designation of funds for a specific purpose
|Article I, section 16 of the Texas Constitution, metropolitan rapid transit authority may charge a withdrawn city for transportation services provided to persons with disabilities pursuant to sections 451.610 and 451.616 of the Transportation Code, even if city withdrew from authority prior to enactment of sections 451.610 and 451.616 of the Transportation Code, without violating
|Article I, section 32 of the Texas Constitution, political subdivisions are prohibited from creating a legal status of domestic partnership and recognizing that status by offering public benefits based upon it, pursuant to
|Article III, section 52(a) of the Texas Constitution prohibits the gratuitous payment of public funds for a private purpose.
|Article IV, section 26 concerning notaries public
|Article XI, section 5 - Only Austin's qualified voters may vote in an election to amend the Austin city charter under article 11, section 5.
|Article XVI, section 50 - home equity lending
|Asylum fund, whether land donated to State Orphans Home must be placed in
|At will employees, whether employees of Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation are
|Available school fund, constitution does not permit school land board to transfer funds from permanent school fund to available school fund
|Bingo, organizations that may conduct limited to those specified in Texas Constitution
|Certain boards that are "required by this constitution," legislature is not required to increase or decrease number of board members to comply with article XVI, section 30a
|Certain boards that are not "required by this constitution," legislature must increase or decrease number of board members to comply with article XVI, section 30a
|Charitable organization created under Health and Safety Code section 281.0565 as a "political corporation or subdivision" under Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a)
|Common meaning, we must construe words used consistently with their
|Concurrent resolution may be evidence of legislative intent but is not state law; article III, section 30 requires that laws be passed by bill
|Consolidate counties, legislature may not
|Constitutional challenge, Legislature�s decision not to authorize school districts to process payroll deductions for contributions to political committees would likely withstand a
|Conveyance of public money or thing of value, authority of counties to contractually provide county law enforcement services to a nongovernmental association
|Conveyance of thing of value, authority of county to purchase and then lease generator to a radio station
|County business under article V, section 18b, legislature not prohibited from authorizing commissioners court to improve city streets unconnected with county road system if county derives a benefit from improvement so as to constitute
|County gaming districts, absent a constitutional amendment the legislature may not authorize creation of such districts on a local option basis to administer a state video lottery
|County labor and equipment, a commissioners court, acting on behalf of the county, may use solely for a public purpose
|County labor and equipment, an individual county commissioner may not use to open and close graves in a private cemetery
|County school lands, county and school districts may not jointly develop or sell mineral rights and natural resources from
|County-paid employees may perform private work in county attorney's private practice of law provided county commissioners court has approved the practice prior to the time attorney renders services to county
|Day care center for children of state employees, no constitutional prohibition on enrollment of nonstate employees' children
|Delegation of authority, statute authorizing General Land Office to select a tract of state-owned land to place in permanent school fund in exchange for tract to be patented out lacks sufficient standards to be constitutional
|Delegation of legislative authority to private entity, whether statute authorizing state agency to award money to development corporation to make loans to community health center violates article III, section 1
|Delegation, whether statute creating water quality protection zones impermissibly delegates legislative authority to private landowners
|Department of Health rider that changes trauma care allocation formula is invalid as attempt to amend general law
|Department on Aging, rider which requires Department to use service standards, procedures, etc., of Department of Human Services contravenes Texas Constitution
|Disability benefits that a retirement system determines are no longer payable under the terms of the retirement system as those terms existed on the date the retirement system began paying the disability benefits, article XVI, section 66 does not apply to
|Disability, meaning of for purposes of homestead exemption, article VIII, section 1-b
|Disincorporation of the City of San Elizario by 1891 special act of legislature does not contravene article III, section 56 or 57 of the Texas Constitution
|Drug testing policies proposed by municipality and state university
|Due process, Texas courts traditionally have interpreted state requirement to be coextensive with federal requirements
|Election of new senate subsequent to federal court order changing district boundaries, whether Texas Constitution requires
|Elections implementing a tax freeze under article VIII, section 1-b(h), home-rule charter provisions limiting frequency of special elections on voter-initiated ordinances may apply to
|Emergency medical services or First Responder services, article IX, section 9 of Texas Constitution does not exclusively authorize a hospital district to provide
|Employing local public officials, legislator is not prohibited by article XVI, section 40 from
|Equal and uniform requirement, if its sales and use tax at different rates in different subregions falls equally on people and property within each subregion and the different tax treatment by subregion is reasonable, Regional Transportation Authority�s sales and use tax levy does not violate
|Ex post facto prohibitions, Texas Government Code section 51.608 authorizes assessing nonpunitive court costs based on statutes existing on the date of conviction and therefore does not violate ex post facto prohibitions in the United States and Texas Constitutions
|Exemption on basis of geographical classification from certain real estate license renewal requirements, decision on possible violation of either state or federal equal protection requirement or state constitutional prohibition or local or special law would require factual determinations that cannot be made in attorney general opinion
|Faculty club at Texas A&M University, allocation of space for is not unconstitutional gratuity provided it serves a public purpose and university receives adequate quid pro quo
|Firearms, municipal housing authority may not regulate tenants' legal possession of
|Gaming activities that do not comprise elements of a lottery, authority of the legislature to permit without constitutional amendment
|Garnishment by comptroller of state employee wages to collect guaranteed student loans, permissibility under article XVI, section 28
|Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle ("GARVEE") bonds, whether issuance of requires amendment of Texas Constitution
|Home-rule city authority, because the constitution requires the legislature to provide for tax increment financing in a reinvestment zone pursuant to general law and the implementing law does not authorize a city to extend a zone's duration, a home-rule c
|Home-rule city may not adopt an ordinance licensing tobacco product retailers
|Home-rule municipality, whether pesticide ordinance preempted by state law
|Home-rule municipality, whether proposed ordinance requiring businesses selling alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption to have condoms available for sale is preempted by Alcoholic Beverage Code
|Homestead property, section 62.003 of Property Code which converts a personal property lien against a manufactured home to a purchase money lien on real property does not create a valid lien against
|Homestead protected from forced sale for payment of delinquent special assessment
|Homestead rights do not destroy preexisting rights, lien that attached to land prior to homestead claim that runs with the land may be enforced by foreclosure
|Homestead, a property owner may encumber the property with a covenant running with the land, which, depending on the particular instruments and circumstances involved, may be enforced by foreclosure without violating subsequent purchasers' constitutional
|Homestead, a public improvement district assessment may be enforced by foreclosure of a homestead provided that the statutory lien created by section 372.018(b) of the Local Government Code predates the date the property became a homestead and the amounts
|Hospital district's authority to lease hospital building, lease to private dialysis clinic for purpose of providing cost-effective renal services adjacent to hospital would serve "hospital purpose" under article IX, section 9
|Impair contract to pay bondholders with ad valorem tax revenues, municipality may not increase homestead exemption if increase would
|Incarceration of persons, authority for is a sovereign power of state
|Instant runoff voting, home-rule municipality cannot institute because inconsistent with state constitutional and statutory requirements that municipal officers be elected by majority vote and, if no candidate be elected by a majority, that a runoff elect
|Insufficient title, no law may be held void on basis of
|Junior college districts, under Education Code chapter 130, junior college districts are "school districts" within the meaning of Texas Constitution article VII, section 3
|Justice court jurisdiction of prosecution for (1) offense with nonfine sanction; (2) offense punishable by maximum fine exceeding $500
|Justice court lacks jurisdiction to issue tax warrant where amount of delinquent taxes exceeds $5,000
|Justice of the peace court original jurisdiction over fine-only misdemeanors under article V, section 19; statutory limitation in Code of Criminal Procedure unconstitutional
|Legislation challenged under article III, section 30, validity of enrolled bill will not be impeached
|Legislative resolution does not have force and effect of law
|Legislature has power to enact any law that is not in violation of state or federal constitutional provisions
|Limit on power does not prohibit legislature from enacting laws that provide additional limitations on power
|Local civil service commission may not adopt rules that awards additional points to applicants on the basis of residency within the municipality
|Local or special law, statute authorizing state agency to grant exemptions to pollution-control statutes and rules does not constitute
|Local or special law, test of whether law is general or special
|Lottery, operation of slot machines does not constitute for purposes of article III, section 47
|Motor-vehicle-registration fees may not be used to fund trauma facilities
|Municipal retirement systems, limit on increases on earnings to determine compensation for calculation of retirement benefits of vested employees
|Non-delegation, authority of counties to contractually provide county law enforcement services to a nongovernmental association
|Obtain confidential documents of State Commission on Judicial Conduct or attend its confidential proceedings, Sunset Advisory Commission�s authority to
|Occupation tax, racetrack admission fee collected by Harris County to distribute to municipalities constitutes because municipalities have no authority to regulate racetrack outside their jurisdiction
|Open courts provision requires fees charged to litigants to be used only to support judiciary
|Open courts provision, family protection fee revenues may be used for court-related purposes without contravening
|Open courts provision, statute that attempts to limit liability of excursion train operators probably violates
|Optometrists' authority to administer or prescribe drugs or physical treatments, article III, section 51-a does not preclude
|Outdoor shooting ranges, regulation by reference to standards of National Rifle Association is unconstitutional
|Permanent school fund, accounting methodology for calculating market value for distribution to available school fund
|Permanent school fund, acts of General Land Commissioner do not estop state from recovering improperly conveyed lands for
|Permanent school fund, conveyance of state-owned submerged lands from requires compensation to fund
|Permanent school fund, exclusions of funds held for purchase of additional real property from market value for calculating distribution to available school fund
|Permanent School Fund, statute that purports to give to littoral property owners title in fee simple to artificially reclaimed, once-submerged lands without compensating the Fund violates article VII, section 4 of the constitution
|Posthumous pardons, the Texas Constitution does not limit the Governor's authority to grant posthumous pardons as long as all other constitutional requirements are met
|Proceeds from the sale of agency salvage or surplus personal property purchased with revenue constitutionally dedicated to highway purposes are not themselves constitutionally dedicated to highway purposes and, for sales occurring on or after September 1,
|Property tax abatement agreement, county may not amend retroactively after liabilities for a given tax year are due and owing
|Property tax exemption, maximum authorized amounts for disabled veterans
|Property tax freeze for persons with disabilities or persons sixty-five years of age or older, adopted by a home-rule municipality under article VIII, section 1-b(h), may not be repealed by an election called pursuant to a petition of the city's voters
|Property tax freeze for persons with disabilities or persons sixty-five years of age or older, article VIII, section 1-b(h) of the Constitution does not permit a county, a city or town, or a junior college district implementing that provision to use a yea
|Property tax freeze for persons with disabilities or persons sixty-five years of age or older, the tax limitation in article VIII, section 1-b(h) of the Constitution is available to a city that has not previously enacted a residence homestead tax exemption
|Property tax freeze, article VIII, section 1-b(h) of the Constitution authorizes a governing body of a home-rule municipality, on its own motion and without a petition from the city's voters, to call an election to adopt a tax freeze for persons who are d
|Prosecutors should always take care that their handling of evidence in criminal cases comports with constitutional requirements
|Protested proposed replat, requirement that it be approved by at least three-fourths of all members of municipal planning commission or governing body, or both, is not unconstitutional
|Public free schools, efficient system of
|Public funds, grant of county funds to school district or charter school
|Racing Act delegates legislative authority without sufficient standards to allow Racing Commission to regulate nonpari-mutuel racetracks
|Raffle-style game, Lottery Commission may not operate
|Randall County may divide itself into fewer than four justice of the peace and constable precincts, but must remain divided into four commissioner precincts
|Redistricting, when constable's precinct is abolished by redistricting, article V, section 18(c) of Texas Constitution provides that constable will serve out term in precinct where he or she resides
|Release of obligations, if a business collects and remits municipal sales taxes as required by law, the city's rebate of those taxes to the business does not violate article III, section 55
|Residency requirement for applicants for liquor license, constitutionality of
|Resign to run, legislator that announces candidacy for Governor during the first year of a two-year term is not required to immediately resign from House of Representatives
|Retirement systems, a retired City of Houston employee may not receive benefits from multiple retirement systems for the same service
|Retirement systems, delegation of investment authority by and securities authorized for investment by Board of Trustees of Teacher Retirement System of Texas
|Retroactive compensation, county civil-service commission or sheriff's department civil-service commission may adopt rule permitting award of back pay in certain circumstances without contravening constitutional prohibition of
|Retroactive law that is necessary to safeguard public safety and welfare prevails over constitutional prohibition against retroactive laws
|Retroactive tax exemption
|Rider that attempts to require competitive bidding on Dental Board contracts valued at less than $5,000 violates article III, section 35 of the Texas Constitution
|Rider that requires official to file financial statements with his board exceeds statutory directive and is therefore invalid
|Rider to appropriations act, constitutionality of
|Sale of building located on a city street to a private entity
|School district's payment of legal fees of claimant against whom it has prevailed in court is gratuitous donation of public funds in violation of article 3, section 52
|School district�s expenditure of funds for city-mandated infrastructure will not violate article III, section 52 of the Texas Constitution, if school district determines that paying the city for infrastructure costs accomplishes a public purpose and that it otherwise meets the requirements established by the Texas Supreme Court
|School finance system, effect of exclusion of value of property in reinvestment zone from funding equalization formulas on constitutionality of
|School land, real property purchased by community college does not constitute
|Sexually oriented businesses, decisions about distance requirements between and other land uses are implicitly left to the discretion of the county but should be considered in light of any constitutional rights of such a business including rights of free speech
|Sick leave pool may not be structured to provide extra compensation
|Speaker of the House serves a definite term of office under article III, section 9(b)
|Special assessments are not "taxes" within constitutional provisions
|Special law, tax exemption for specific, named private entity constitutes
|Takings Clause, article I, section 17, Texas Constitution - Tree preservation ordinances, a court could find a regulatory taking if all economically beneficial or productive use of land is denied or if the ordinance unreasonably interferes with a landowner's right to use and enjoy their property
|Tax exemption not available for property used as waste disposal site for materials dredged from Intercoastal Waterway
|Tax exemption, tests for determining exempt status of building owned by municipal hospital authority but leased in part to private long-term health care company
|Tax increment bonds, authority of counties to issue
|Tax increment financing reinvestment zones, authority of municipality to designate a zone that is not unproductive, underdeveloped, or blighted within meaning of Texas Constitution
|Tax increment financing, because the constitution requires the legislature to provide for tax increment financing in a reinvestment zone pursuant to general law and the implementing law does not authorize a city to extend a zone's duration, a home-rule city lacks authority to extend a zone's duration beyond the termination date established in the ordinance designating the zone
|Tax-exempt status of privately used commercial projects under Development Corporation Act of 1979
|Taxation methods for calculating "net to land" in determining appraised value of open space land, constitutionality of
|Taxation of publicly-owned property leased to private party or another political subdivision
|Taxation, personal property that is not required to be rendered for taxation is not thereby exempt from
|Taxation, statute requiring chief appraisers of overlapping appraisal districts to enter into their districts� appraisal records the lowest appraised and market values from all the values determined by each appraisal district does not violate article VIII
|Texas Automobile Insurance Plan, rule vesting amendment power over in group of private insurers is unconstitutional delegation of legislative authority
|Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a), in utilizing the Texas Supreme Court test to evaluate public expenditures under, Texas courts have suggested that (1) an incidental benefit to individual trustees does not invalidate the expenditure if the contract is predominantly for the direct accomplishment of a legitimate public purpose of the school district; (2) the principal constitutional concern regarding control measures is not who is implementing them but whether such controls are put into place to begin with; and (3) what constitutes an adequate return benefit depends on a variety of specific circumstances but is called into doubt if there is such a gross disparity in the relative values exchanged as to show unconscionability, bad faith, or fraud.
|The article XVI, section 40 prohibition against dual office holding does not apply to the office of justice of the peace
|To the extent that a sitting justice of the peace holds dual offices by also serving as a temporary justice under Government Code section 27.055, a court would likely conclude that doing so is constitutional under the exception provided in article XVI, section 40
|Traffic fines collected on interstate highways, bill exempting larger cities from having to share with state is not local or special law prohibited by article III, section 56
|Travel trailers, taxation as personal property does not violate "equal and uniform" taxation provision of Texas Constitution
|Unconstitutional debt, indigent health care services invoices in excess of amount budgeted for that purpose
|Unconstitutional local or special law, test is whether there is a reasonable basis for the classification and whether the law operates equally on all within the class
|Vacancies on the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, the Governor may fill as provided by law
|Vacation entitlement, statutory change in formula for calculating payments for on separation from state service does not abrogate vested rights
|Vested right, retroactive law is unconstitutional only if it impairs
|Viatical settlements, constitutionality of statute authorizing Department of Insurance to regulate
|Video lottery terminals, legislature barred by article III, section 47(e), Texas Constitution, from authorizing state to operate
|Water Commission, rule-making delegation to does not violate Texas Constitution
|Bill of Rights
|Ad valorem tax on motor vehicle leased to person who uses it for personal purposes, constitutionality under equal rights provision
|Cathedral, constitutional question raised if public funds were appropriated to restore or preserve
|Community service in rural areas as alternative to alcohol awareness course, imposition of criminal punishment in some venues that may not be imposed in others violates due process and equal protection guarantees
|Confidentiality provision, to the extent amendment repealing has some retroactive effect, it does not violate prohibition against retroactive laws
|Court costs for teen court program, imposition does not contravene due process
|Due process clause, quality assurance officer's power to temporarily suspend license of vehicle emissions inspection station or inspector without a hearing does not violate
|Due process is not violated when municipal annexation causes territory to be subject to a sexually oriented business ordinance that is less stringent than county ordinance previously in effect
|Due process, county may impose hotel occupancy and car rental taxes in absence of election where legislature has set fixed maximum rate and where taxation does not vary on the basis of benefit received
|Due process, school district's seizure of leased paging device in possession of student
|Due process, takings, solid waste hauler lacks vested right in contracts to haul waste in areas annexed by municipality
|Equal protection guarentee under article I, section 3 is analyzed using federal equal protection standards
|Equal protection, county employees' incentive plan does not violate constitutional guarantee by allowing bonuses only to a full-time employee whose job performance has been favorably evaluated and whose department head has implemented a business plan approved by the commissioners court
|Equal protection, whether article 1.051(c) of Code of Criminal Procedure requiring that counsel for indigent criminal defendant be appointed within one day of defendant's request in populous counties and within three days of request in less populous count
|Equal protection, whether statutory indigency standard for appointing counsel for indigent criminal defendant violates
|General arbitration statute does not contravene "open courts" provision of Texas Constitution
|Impairment of contract, decrease in state contribution to higher education optional retirement system does not constitute
|Impairment of contract, municipality's displacement of solid waste hauler pursuant to statutory authority following annexation of service area does not constitute
|Impairment of contract, retroactive application of law forbidding assumption of debt by economic development corporation would constitute
|Jury trial, defendant charged with misdemeanor in justice court is entitled to under article I, section 10 of Texas Constitution
|Law enforcement services in different areas of county, absent invidious discrimination based on suspect class, equal protection requires only that county government have rational basis for providing different levels of
|Petition and remonstrance, whether former general counsel of Department of Insurance has constitutional right to appear before Department in his own behalf
|Policy requiring certain probationers to conform to dress and hair code, constitutional if designed primarily for rehabilitation and protection of public, and is reasonably related to such ends
|Probation condition that restricts right to free expression or privacy, validity
|Property Code section 202.006 is not a bill of attainder prohibited by the Texas or United States Constitutions
|Random drug testing of deputy sheriffs and jailers violates right of privacy absent compelling governmental objective (Affirmed by Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. DM-121 (1992))
|Regulatory takings challenge, a court considering challenge would use federal framework examining: (1) regulation's economic impact on claimant; (2) the nature of the governmental action; and (3) regulation's degree of interference with property owner's economic expectations."
|Religion, junior college district's authority to enter into long-term lease with religious organization that would construct student center, chapel, and other facilities on campus
|Remonstrance, individual's right of
|Residence restrictions on sex offenders, whether a home-rule municipality constitutionally may adopt
|Retroactive law and impairment of contract, amendments to statute governing purchases made with forfeited funds would constitute if applied to purchases made by district attorney prior to effective date
|Retroactive law, investigation of chemical dependency counselor for conduct occurring before effective date of statute penalizing conduct
|Retroactive law, whether statute disqualifying officer who becomes a candidate for another office constitutes
|Retroactive laws, construction of statute prohibiting certain deed restrictions as
|Roadblocks set up by game wardens may be subject to challenge under article I, section 9 of Texas Constitution even if permissible under United States Constitution
|Search without a warrant of polygraph examiner's commercial premises by Polygraph Examiners Board is unconstitutional where inspection is not in response to formal complaint
|Slayer�s Rule or the constructive trust doctrine, a court would likely hold Probate Code section 41(e)(3) contravenes article I, section 21 of the Texas Constitution to the extent that it bars inheritance from a person�s own child under circumstances not within the
|Supermajority vote when neighbors protest proposed replat requiring variance, three-fourths vote requirement is constitutional
|Suspension of laws, statute authorizing state agency to grant exemptions to pollution-control statutes and rules does not constitute
|Takings, constitutionality of commissioners court authority to declare a public road under Transportation Code section 251.053
|Warrantless administrative searches, constitutionality of Controlled Substances Act provisions conditioning issuance of permits on consent to
|Oath of office - election judges, alternate election judges, and early-voting clerks are public officers and must take the constitutional oath of office under Texas Constitution article XVI, section 1.
|Equal Protection
|Targeting a specific industry for permitting requirements and fees not applicable to other industries could run afoul of the Equal Protection Clauses unless something about the industry makes it uniquely deserving of special permitting requirements.
|Incompatibility of Offices
|College trustee and county commissioner, simultaneous service as
|Maverick County Hospital District, Board member of, not prohibited by Texas Constitution article XVI, section 40(a) from serving the county in other official capacities
|Public Officeholders
|Appointed members of Peace Officers' Memorial Advisory Committee continue to serve after end of term until replaced or reappointed
|Appointed municipal judge may hold second appointment if doing so is "of benefit to the state"
|Appointee to office of sheriff entitled to serve until successor has qualified, and successor may not assume office until January 1 of year following general election
|Article XVI, sections 30 and 30a, members of advisory boards and advisory commissions are not "officers" for purposes of
|Automatic resignation by criminal district attorney who files formal application to run for school district trustee pursuant to article XVI, section 65
|Automatic resignation of city council member, city that fails to hold a special election to fill vacancy within 120 days after the date of the automatic resignation may not avoid holding a special election until member's term expires
|Automatic resignation of city council member, vacancy must be filled by special election rather than by appointment
|Automatic resignation of justice of the peace with more than one year remaining in term upon filing application for candidacy as school trustee
|Automatic resignation provisions of article XVI, section 65, act of seeking political party's executive committee's nomination to be the party's general election candidate for a new office does not trigger (Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JM-132 (1984) and Tex.
|Automatic resignation under article XVI, section 65, officer who resigns to run for another office continues to hold over in office until successor is appointed and qualifies for office under article XVI, section 17
|Automatic resignation, city commissioner whose term exceeds two years who runs for trustee of consolidated school district board resigns from office by operation of article XI, section 11
|Automatic resignation, county judge who seeks gubernatorial appointment is not subject to
|Automatic resignation, municipal officer charged with initiating special elections must act to initiate an election to fill a vacancy so that the vacancy is filled within 120 days
|Automatic resignation, whether officeholder's conversation with newspaper reporter about plans to run for another office constitutes announcement of a candidacy
|City commissioner, article XVI, section 40 bars teacher employed by Texas State Technical College from serving as if he or she receives a salary from city for doing so
|City council member who is employed by a school district as a coach may be a schoolteacher for purposes of article XVI, section 40(b)(1) of the Constitution if participating students receive credit for participation
|City council member whose current term is uncompensated, article III, section 19 of the Texas Constitution does not render ineligible to serve in the Texas Legislature; "term" is not synonymous with "tenure"
|City council member, eligibility to run for state legislature after resigning
|City council terms of home-rule city that exceed four years are contrary to Texas Constitution article XI, section 11(a)
|Civil office of emolument, teacher employed by Texas State Technical College does not hold
|Civil office of profit under article III, section 18, Chancellor of Texas Tech University System does not hold
|Composition of Fire Department Emergency Board does not violate constitution
|Constable who was convicted of a felony but whose conviction was finalized only after he was reelected to a new term is automatically removed from office under subsection 87.031(a) of the Local Government Code
|Constable's duty to serve following redistricting that abolishes the constable's precinct
|Constables, legislative authority to enact qualifications
|County attorney appointee must have resided in county for six months immediately preceding date of appointment
|County law enforcement official entitled to medical expenses and salary when injured in course of official duties under article III, section 52e, jailers, detention officers, and correctional officers employed by sheriff qualify as
|County law enforcement official injured in course of official duties, county may not reduce article III, section 52e salary payment due to employee's tax status
|De facto status of elected officer who did not file signed oath of office statement required by article XVI, section 1
|Deputy constable not required to reside in precinct for which he was appointed
|Dual office holding provision article XVI, section 40 equates the term "salary" with the more comprehensive term "compensation"
|Employment with the state, city commissioner who accepts does not automatically forfeit his or her position and may continue in both positions if he or she renounces salary, and monies that city commissioner receives as expenses do not exceed actual expenses incurred
|Fee for delivering a notice to vacate premises, whether a constable may retain in addition to his or her salary
|General law water district, state employee may serve as member of board of directors only if he receives no compensation other than reimbursement of actual expenses
|Governor may not pardon person who has completed deferred adjudication community supervision and who has been discharged after dismissal of charges
|Grant to Harris County Juvenile Probation Department of deferred prosecution authority in certain nonviolent misdemeanor cases involving juveniles does not infringe on district attorney's criminal jurisdiction under article V, section 21 of Texas Constitution
|Hold over in office under article XVI, section 17, officer who resigns to run for another office continues to
|Hold over in office, municipal court judge who is not reappointed does not hold over even when successor is not timely appointed
|Hold over in office, public members of county salary grievance committee must when no grand jury convened in county during past year
|Hold over provision of Texas Constitution overrides municipal charter provision for automatic vacation
|Hold over provision requires officer who has resigned to continue to serve, but officer may not withdraw effective resignation due to hold over status
|Hold over, whether disqualified officer holds over depends upon application of constitutional removal requirements
|Holds over in office, incumbent municipal officer whose term is set by charter at more than two but no more than four years (assuming incumbent's term of office has not yet expired) holds over in office despite receiving a plurality, not a majority, of th
|Justice of the peace fees for issuing certified birth and death records, constitutionality under article XVI, section 61 of statute authorizing justice to retain fees in addition to salary
|Justice of the peace, a county may not pay an amount over and above the justice's salary to perform an inquest or serve as a magistrate
|Largely independent of the control of others, DPS commissioned officer subject to being discharged by Director of Public Safety does no operate
|Legislator's interest in contract with state or county where corporation's stock is owned by spouse of legislator
|Legislator's service as independent contractor for county, whether it is a "position of profit under this State"
|Legislators, Texas Constitution does not preclude payment of their legislative expenses during interim
|Lieutenant governor, person elected by Senate to perform duties of is required to serve as member of Legislative Redistricting Board
|Member of board of Historical Commission, eligibility to serve as legislator during term for which appointed to Commission
|Member of Board of Physical Therapy Examiners holds an "office of emolument" and is prohibited by article XVI, section 40 from simultaneously serving as county clerk
|Oath of office, whether city police officers must take; validity of arrests by police officer who did not file written statement required by Texas Constitution
|Oath of office, whether DPS commissioned peace officer is public officer required to take
|Officeholder, alternate election judge who is appointed to a single election is not an
|Precinct chair of a political party is not a public office, and accordingly candidacy for by city official does not trigger resign-to-run provisions of Texas Constitution
|President pro tempore of the Senate does not serve a definite term of office under article III, section 9(a)
|President pro tempore of the Senate is not a state officer subject to impeachment under article XV, section 7
|Public office for purposes of article XVI, section 40, municipal judges holds
|Public office, Aldine standard established by Texas Supreme Court is standard in Texas to determine, under article XVI, section 1, Texas Constitution, whether an individual holds
|Recall election, city council members removed from office in recall election do not hold over until their successors are qualified
|Recess appointee is ipso facto nominated to the Senate if the governor fails to nominate appointee or some other person during first ten days of legislative session (Affirmed by Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JM-1179 (1990))
|Recess appointee whose appointment is not acted on by the Senate in legislative session following appointment loses appointment upon adjournment of session and does not hold over in office (Affirmed by Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JM-1179 (1990))
|Removal requirements, statute disqualifying certain officers construed to incorporate
|Residence, school board trustees must reside within school district
|Resign to run, authority of home-rule city to provide in city charter for automatic resignation of mayor or council member who runs for another office
|Resign to run, police officers who are not officers are not subject to automatic resignation under article XI, section 11
|Resign to run, whether officeholder's conversation with newspaper reporter about plans to run for another office constitutes announcement of a candidacy
|Resign-to-run; whether a county commissioner, by virtue of article XVI, section 65, Texas Constitution, automatically resigns the commissioner�s seat under particular circumstances
|Retroactive law, whether statute disqualifying officer who becomes a candidate for another office constitutes
|Rules of the Senate or House, the constitutional separation-of-powers doctrine precludes the Attorney General from construing
|Senate confirmation, whether member of nonprofit corporation appointed by the governor is a state officer subject to
|Serving as the state chair of a political party, because the state chair of a political party does not hold an office or position under this State a member of the Legislature is not barred from under either article III, section 19 or article XVI, section 40(d) of the Texas Constitution from
|Speaker of the House is a state officer subject to impeachment under article XV, section 7
|State employee who serves on board of directors of a municipal utility district may not receive compensation in form of a per diem under article XVI, section 40
|State senator elected at November 2000 general election is not eligible to be appointed to position that requires Senate confirmation
|Term of office established by constitution may not be shortened by legislature
|Under Texas Constitution art. XI, section 11(a), home-rule municipality may not change its city council terms from three years to four years without charter amendment
|Vacancy on municipal governing body where officers hold terms longer than two year must be filled under article XI, section 11(b) of the constitution, which prevails over inconsistent city charter provisions
|Voting ex officio members of boards or commissions are included in determining number of members of board or commission for purposes of article XVI, section 30a
|Withdrawal of candidacy for second office does not revoke automatic resignation from first office under "resign-to-run" provision
|Article XI, section 11(b) of the constitution applies to all vacancies in office, not just those created by operation of article XVI, section 65
|Campaign treasurer appointment filing, constitutionality of
|Constable's conduct, whether conduct implicates resign-to-run provisions of article XVI, section 65 of the Texas Constitution
|Separation of Powers
|A court would likely hold that a judge's award of diligent participation credit under Code of Criminal Procedure subsection 15(h)(6) does not interfere with an expressly granted executive power and thus does not violate article II, section 1
|Advisory councils, legislature's delegation of rulemaking authority to does not violate
|Appellate court employment policies and procedures, review by Texas Commission on Human Rights for compliance with Texas Human Rights Act and exaction of monetary penalty for noncompliance does not violate separation of powers provision
|Article II, section 1 of the Texas Constitution separates the powers of Texas government into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
|Article II, section 1, Texas Constitution - a court is unlikely to conclude that Senate Bill 1876 from Eighty-fourth Legislature is unconstitutional under, or unconstitutionally vague
|City council member whose current term is uncompensated, article III, section 19 of the Texas Constitution does not render ineligible to serve in the Texas Legislature; "term" is not synonymous with "tenure"
|County and district clerks required to deliver abandoned funds to comptroller without further court order, statute does not violate separation of powers
|Delegation of authority to state agency to grant exemptions to pollution-control statutes and rules does not violate
|Grant to Harris County Juvenile Probation Department of deferred prosecution authority in certain nonviolent misdemeanor cases involving juveniles does not violate separation of powers
|Gubernatorial appointment to Coastal Coordinating Council, whether subject to senate confirmation
|Municipality may not finance acquisition of school facility to be leased by school district solely for educational purposes
|Score and rank applications for low-income-housing credits based in part on written statements from state elected officials, statute which requires Texas Department of Housing & Community Affairs to do so does not violate article II, section 1, Separation of Powers doctrine of Constitution
|Statute that appears to delegate authority to private entity which promulgates codes for installation, alteration, operation, and inspection of elevators, escalators, and related equipment must be construed to incorporate only those editions of codes that
|State Lottery
|Texas Triple Chance, a court is unlikely to conclude that a game is unconstitutional merely because it awards a preset prize amount regardless of the number of tickets purchased or because it does not carry forward any unpaid prize money to be awarded to an eventual winner
|Taxes and Exemptions
|A county equalization tax under former chapter 18, Education Code, appears to provide a county school board operating thereunder meaningful discretion with regard to the tax such that a court could determine that the tax is not constitutionally infirm under article VIII, section 1-e.
|Ad valorem property tax exemption for higher education institutions
|Article VIII, section 1-b(h)Texas Constitution, a municipality with an ad valorem tax rate of zero, upon receiving a properly filed petition from five percent of authorized voters, must hold an election to determine whether to freeze the total amount of ad valorem taxes imposed on property that is subject to a residence homestead exemption owned by a person that is disabled or is 65 years of age or older under
|Local option homestead exemption from the amount that was adopted for the 2014 tax year through the 2019 tax year; Tax Code subsection 11.13(n-1) prohibits a school district, municipality, or county from repealing or reducing the
|Use of Public Funds
|Abatement of delinquent ad valorem taxes, municipality has no authority to allow
|Absent a constitutional amendment, a county may not form and operate a county energy transportation reinvestment zone ("CETRZ"), a tax increment reinvestment zone ("TIRZ"), or a transportation reinvestment zone ("TRZ") to the extent that doing so utilizes a pledge of the captured increment of ad valorem taxes to fund a county tax increment reinvestment zone.
|Absent educational purpose, use of school district's public funds to transport students and employees to and from polling places violates Texas Constitution article III, section 52
|Additional fees paid to a court reporter, a district and a county court at law court reporter may be paid a salary as well as compensation for additional work performed without violating article III, section 53 of Texas Constitution
|Annual state salary, individuals appointed as judges of newly created 444th and 445th Judicial District courts are entitled to
|Appropriation to pay claims that are not legally enforceable obligations against the state is unconstitutional for absence of pre-existing law
|Article 3, Section 53 of the Texas Constitution prohibits a civil service commission from granting a retroactive pay rate increase to municipal employees effective from the date of their last evaluation
|Article III, section 49-g - Use of state highway funds designated by voter approval of Proposition 1
|Article III, section 52 does not prohibit legislature from authorizing school districts to require outside contractors to pay their workers a minimum "poverty level wage"
|Article III, section 52(a) prohibits gratuitous payment of public funds for private purposes
|Article III, section 52(a), Texas Constitution, under Texas Supreme Court test, a school district's contract for legal services would violate if (1) the expenditure's predominant purpose does not accomplish a public purpose, but instead benefits private parties; (2) sufficient control over the expenditure is not retained to ensure that the public purpose is accomplished; (3) the school district does not receive a return benefit; and (4) the expenditure fails to provide a clear public benefit in return.
|Article III, section 52(a), to the extent that circumstances forming the basis for an alleged violation of theTexas Disciplinary Rules for Professional Conduct suggest that an expenditure does not comport with the requirements of, a court would rely on the Texas Supreme Court test to make that determination. However, it is unlikely that a court would consider conduct subsequent to a contract's execution in determining whether the contract itself violates article III, section 52(a).
|Article III, section 52(a), whether a public purpose under Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a) is served by a particular expenditure raises fact questions that cannot be answered in an attorney general opinion and would be a decision for the school district in the first instance, subject to judicial review.
|Article VIII, section 7-c - Use of state highway funds designated by voter approval of Proposition 7
|Article VIII, subsection 7-c(a), Texas Constitution - if Comptroller is unable to calculate deposit amount before fiscal year ends, court likely to conclude doing so as soon as possible thereafter would result in substantial compliance with
|Assets of municipal health authority may be disposed of upon dissolution only for a public purpose
|Attorney fees, common law authorizes governmental body to reimburse officer's or employee's in certain circumstances
|Attorneys fees, county may not reimburse private litigants for costs in suit involving county road right-of-way
|Available school fund, children enrolled in prekindergarten classes are entitled to benefits of
|Back pay, school district may award to individual indicted, terminated, and subsequently acquitted and reinstated, but is not required to do so
|Bonus or salary increase, prosecutor's employees may not receive unless bonus plan approved by commissioners court as part of compensation before services are rendered
|City may not grant public funds to school district to use in constructing buildings within city boundaries
|City may spend public funds only for a public purpose and municipal purpose and may not donate funds to a school district
|City that builds seawall funded by assessments must maintain sufficient control over it to ensure that the public purpose is accomplished and to protect the public's interest in it
|Community health center loans, whether statute providing for grant of money to development corporation to make such loans serves a public purpose and imposes adequate controls
|Compensating county employees for unused sick leave each year, article III, section 53 does not bar county from implementing policy prospectively
|Compensation to county attorney in form of equipment and services to use in private practice, permissible if county receives reasonable return
|Compensation, retroactive increase in compensation for county employee is unconstitutional while prospective increase is not
|Conference registration and lodging fees, county probably may pay
|Consideration of Texas Constitution article III, section 49-k regarding the Texas Mobility Fund
|Consideration, state agency contract with parents to provide community-based services to their mentally disabled child must be for performance of services that parents are not legally obligated to provide in order to be supported by sufficient considerati
|Consideration, state university's commitment to build campus on land conveyed by municipality would satisfy constitutional constraints on municipality's use of public funds
|Construction of improvements on leased property, expenditure of public funds for
|County education department's expenditure for a hurricane relief fund under article III, section 52(a)
|County employees and equipment, whether county may authorize use of to transport agricultural commodities for a community action organization
|County equipment, materials and labor, whether a county may maintain or work on private non-road property
|County funds for city streets unconnected with county road system, commissioners court may expend if expenditure serves a county purpose in accordance with article III, section 52(a)
|County funds, authority to fund water district
|County funds, whether county's use in drug sting operation constitutes public purpose
|County permanent school fund and available school fund, distribution among school districts in a county
|County permanent school fund proceeds, investment in mortgage-backed securities at below-market interest rate incompatible with county commissioners' trustee duties
|County permanent school fund, factors commissioners court may consider in distributing corpus
|County retirees' health insurance premiums, county may not agree to pay if payment would constitute unbargained-for, retroactive compensation
|County sheriff's provision of law enforcement services in incorporated municipality in county is not a gift or grant of
|County vehicle, use of by county employee�s to transport a passenger who is not a county officer or employee
|Debt, whether county agreement to pay certain museum expenses over a fifty-year lease term violates article XI, section 7
|Delinquent taxes owed on real property with hazardous waste problems, taxing unit may not reduce
|Development Corporation Act of 1979, section 4B sales and use tax proceeds are public funds subject to article III, section 52
|Direct security repurchase agreements, call option contracts, reverse, repurchase agreements, and collateralized mortgage obligations not "bonds or obligations of the United States" in which article III, sections 49-b and 49-b-1 permit Veterans Land Board
|Distribution of extra interest to annuitants by Texas County and District Retirement System does not violate constitutional prohibition against grants of public funds
|Division of powers between municipality and independent school district, article III, section 52-a does not overcome case law establishing
|Donation of county tax funds to private, nonprofit industrial development corporation
|Donation of salvage or surplus property by county commissioners court not unconstitutional
|Drain services benefiting private individuals, authority of municipality to provide
|Early exit plan for school district employees, whereby certain employees receive payments from the district in return for leaving employment and other agreements, is not an unconstitutional gratuity if employees provide consideration to the district for p
|Economic development, cities authorized to offer a range of incentives, expenditures must comport with article III, section 52
|Edwards Aquifer Authority's statutory authority to repay loan from permit fee revenues consistent with article XVI, section 59 limitations on indebtedness
|Election contest, county may not reimburse sheriff for legal fees incurred in defending
|Employee benefits, university may include prepaid legal services coverage in benefits if university determines that expenditure serves a public purpose
|Employee gifts, county vending machine surcharge proceeds may be used to purchase in certain circumstances
|Event of "Texas Safe Sports Week" sponsored by private foundation, school district may expend funds and other resources on related activities if the board of trustees (i) determines that any expenditure in connection with the program serves a necessary sc
|Extension of credit to students, state university bookstore may extend credit to students if it will accomplish public purpose and if transactions are sufficiently controlled to ensure accomplishment of public purpose
|Fire prevention district or volunteer fire department, authority of county to fund
|Flood control district agreement granting county joint use rights in property, quid pro quo contracts between political subdivisions for shared governmental purpose not prohibited
|Free textbooks, state university may provide to scholarship students if not an extension of state credit
|Funds donated to junior college for scholarships are not general college assets, and hence consolidation with other scholarships held by nonprofit foundation does not implicate constitutional restriction on gift or grant of public money to private entity
|Grants for economic development, authority of county commissioners court to make
|Guarantee of loan to private entity barred by constitutional provision prohibiting a county from lending its credit
|Guaranteed charter district bonds, limitation contained in Texas Government Code section 45.0532
|Guarantor for the obligations of a private entity for an economic development purpose, city may not lend its credit by being except pursuant to statute implementing article III, section 52-a
|Guaranty association for workers' compensation liabilities of certain self-insured political subdivisions and insurance pools, constitutionality of proposal for
|Hold and save harmless provision requiring county to indemnify another party for damages, application of restrictions on county debt
|Holiday lighting and decorations, expenditure under Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a)
|Hospital district's authority to construct building to lease to private physicians in order to attract practitioners to underserved area
|Hospital district�s authority to contribute funds to city for a building to house emergency medical services vehicle
|Hotel-motel tax revenues, authority of city to spend on George Bush Library at Texas A&M University
|Housing expenses of visiting Army medical personnel working for hospital district on temporary basis, whether payment by hospital district is a gift or grant of funds
|Impermissible grant of public money, use of hot check fund to pay out restitution that prosecutor, in error, failed to include in court order is
|Incentive pay in addition to regular salary is not unconstitutional retroactive pay if contract for incentive pay pre-dates performance of services
|Interlocal contract to maintain private roads in municipality, commissioners court may not enter into
|Investment, the State Board of Education may make any investment that persons of ordinary prudence, discretion, and intelligence make in the management of their own affairs, not in regard to speculation, but in regard to the permanent disposition of their funds, considering the probable income as well as the probable safety of their capital
|Investment, the State Board of Education may make any investment that persons of ordinary prudence, discretion, and intelligence make in the management of their own affairs, not in regard to speculation, but in regard to the permanent disposition of their funds, considering the probable income as well as the probable safety of their capital
|Investments for any purpose other than managing the assets of the permanent school fund, article VII, section 5(f) does not allow the State Board of Education to make
|Investments for any purpose other than managing the assets of the permanent school fund, article VII, section 5(f) does not allow the State Board of Education to make
|Judge performing marriage for fee, whether public resources may be used in connection with
|Justice of the peace, a county may not pay an amount over and above the justice's salary to perform an inquest or serve as a magistrate
|Lease of county property to museum, whether county's agreement to pay certain museum expenses and to lease property for $1 comports with article III, section 52
|Leased land, article III, section 52 does not prohibit a school district from using public funds to construct buildings on if the board of trustees determines that the expenditure serves a public purpose and places sufficient controls on the transaction t
|Lending of credit, deferred collection of fees for service of process as
|Lending of credit, municipal police officer's acceptance of bond for non-municipal offense and transfer of bond to sheriff's department does not involve
|Lending of credit, state or county does not violate prohibition against by providing goods to purchaser before receiving payment if there a public purpose and sufficient controls on transaction (overrules Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. Nos. MW-461 (1982) & JM-533
|Lending of credit, Texas Commission for the Blind may contract with federal government to operate vending facilities on federal property without violating constitutional prohibition against
|Literacy programs, county expenditure under Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a)
|Local government corporations, city's or county's transfer of funds to must be consistent with constitutional provisions on expenditure of public funds for public purposes
|Long-term contract for electric services, whether state may enter into
|Longevity pay for county employees, validity of prospective policy for
|Longevity pay, retroactive payment of higher rate to sheriff violates article III, section 53
|Medical expenses and travel costs related to student's injury at school or while involved in a school activity, school district's authority to pay
|Motor vehicle inventory tax escrow account, tax assessor-collector may use interest to supplement her own salary, but must determine that such use serves a public purpose
|Motor vehicle registration fees must be credited to the county road and bridge fund and used as provided by section 502.108 of the Transportation Code
|Municipal funds, use to provide lighting on private streets
|Nonprofit organization, county may not transfer public funds to in accordance with contract unless commissioners court determines that transfer will accomplish a public purpose that county has authority to accomplish and that adequate controls are in plac
|Nonprofit, no-share corporation, whether municipality may sponsor
|Office space, commissioners court may permit county attorney to use county office as registered address for nonprofit organization incorporated by county attorney if court makes certain findings of fact
|Oil and gas royalties received for depletion of highway rights-of-way that state acquired using funds dedicated by article VIII, section 7-a, disposition of by Department of Transportation
|One-time payment to annuitants of Teacher Retirement System and Employees Retirement System grants "extra compensation" in violation of sections 44 and 53 of article III, Texas Constitution
|Online legal research services which also benefits private attorneys, use of county library fund to obtain is not an unconstitutional use of public funds for private purposes
|Payment by city of certain expenses of private nonprofit corporation that holds land within city for sale to industrial prospects, constitutionality of
|Payment of civil penalty under chapter 707 of the Transportation Code by school district may not contravene article III, sections 51 and 52(a) of the Constitution if district is not liable but payment accomplishes public purpose
|Payment of civil penalty under chapter 707, Transportation Code, by school district, would not contravene article III, sections 51 and 52(a) of Texas Constitution if district is liable
|Payment of costs incurred in a successful appeal to a zoning board as unconstitutional gratuity
|Permanent school fund, State Board of Education has authority to make any kind of prudent investment in managing assets of
|Policy compensating peace officers for time on standby status would constitute unconstitutional increase in compensation only if policy provided for compensation for standby prior to adoption of policy
|Postage meter owned by county, permissibility of county official using in campaign for office in professional association
|Printing services without competitive bidding, article XVI, section 21 of the Texas Constitution does not prohibit the boards of regents of The University of Texas System and The Texas A&M University System from adopting a rule that establishes a dollar amount under which the university system may procure
|Private streets, city may not use public funds to enforce traffic laws on
|Private university, grant of public fund to is permissible only if grant serves public purpose, sufficient controls exist, and public receives adequate consideration
|Proceeds of unlimited tax, county road or district road bonds issued pursuant to article III, section 52(b) or (c), commissioners court may not spend on city streets unconnected to county road system
|Public notices, county probably may pay publisher in advance of printing
|Purchase of securities from TexPool at below market value, whether state funds in treasury may constitutionally be expended for
|Real property lease as a thing of value, junior college district's authority to enter into long-term lease with religious organization that would construct student center, chapel, and other facilities on campus
|Real property, state university�s conveyance of by exchange for historical papers or rights of access to property or by outright gift, consistent with article III, sections 51 and of the Texas Constitution
|Refunds, authority of state agency and comptroller to grant requests for fees paid in error
|Regional transit authority may not donate public funds to emergency medical services organization, but may contract for provision of such services
|Reimbursement by County Department of Education to county for county auditor's services, whether required by Texas Constitution
|Reimbursement for certain expenses associated with service on a city council, a home-rule municipality may determine qualifying expenses but may not contravene article III, section 52(a) of the Constitution
|Retroactive compensation, commissioners court not prohibited from approving payment of back wages to which employee was automatically entitled
|Retroactive compensation, county employee who has exhausted sick leave may not receive additional sick leave unless commissioners court has preexisting policy permitting
|Retroactive compensation, county may not pay group health insurance premiums for retired employee absent additional consideration from employee if county did not provide for such coverage nor possibility of such coverage at time of employee's retirement
|Retroactive salary increase granted after contract completed, no authority for board of regents to grant
|Road bonds issued under article III, section 52(b) and (c), a county may use to construct, maintain, or operate a municipal street that forms a connecting link or an integral part of a county road or state highway
|Salaries, county probably may not pay in advance of services being rendered
|Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District may transfer certain assets to individuals or other entities only in accordance with three-pronged constitutional test designed to ensure that such transfer accomplishes a public purpose
|Scholarship fund for architectural examination applicants, in order to ensure that scholarships serve the public purpose identified by the legislature, Board of Architectural Examiners should consider adopting rules that would require scholarship recipien
|Scholarship fund for architectural examination applicants, legislative appropriation for is supported by pre-existing substantive law and therefore does not violate article III, section 44 of the Texas Constitution
|School district provision of free office space to private nonprofit foundation, board of trustees must determine that transaction serves a public purpose, that consideration is adequate, and that controls are sufficient to ensure public purpose is achieve
|School district's authority to sell paging device seized from student
|School district's expenditure for a scholarship program under article III, section 52(a)
|Seawall built by city and funded by public funds may not be built on private land absent an easement or other appropriate interest in the land
|Self-insurance, whether a hospital district may provide funds for self-insurance to charitable organization created on district's behalf
|Spouses of city council members and city employees attending convention, article III, sections 51 and 52 prohibits paying of expenditures in most circumstances
|State agency is ordinarily not authorized to execute an enforceable indemnity agreement in favor of another party
|State Board of Education, authority to pay attorney fees on a contingent basis out of recoveries of the corpus of the Permanent School Fund
|State employee service awards are permissible
|State motor vehicle registration fees, Governor may not increase or appropriate but, in case of emergency, may redirect funds already appropriated by the legislature for purposes consistent with article VIII, section 7-a of Texas Constitution
|Stocks in private corporation, county does not by virtue of reimbursement of private jail-management corporation's contributions to employees' stock-options plans hold
|Surplus motor vehicle registration fees, a county that does not impose a road and bridge tax under article VIII, section 9(c) of the Texas Constitution may transfer surplus fees to any other county fund to use as authorized by article VIII, section 7-a of
|Suspension with pay, prospective term of employment does not violate constitution where provision serves legitimate public purpose and has sufficient controls to ensure public purpose is served Suspension with pay to county employees is gratuitous ex
|Tax and bond revenues, authority of flood control district to use for recreational improvements
|Tax increment financing, use by counties
|Tax increment fund is a public fund subject to article III, section 52
|Texas A&M University, authority to use allocation from the Available University Fund for support and maintenance under Texas Constitution article VII, section 18(f)
|Texas Constitution article III, section 52(a), in utilizing the Texas Supreme Court test to evaluate public expenditures under, Texas courts have suggested that (1) an incidental benefit to individual trustees does not invalidate the expenditure if the contract is predominantly for the direct accomplishment of a legitimate public purpose of the school district; (2) the principal constitutional concern regarding control measures is not who is implementing them but whether such controls are put into place to begin with; and (3) what constitutes an adequate return benefit depends on a variety of specific circumstances but is called into doubt if there is such a gross disparity in the relative values exchanged as to show unconscionability, bad faith, or fraud.
|Texas State Technical College�s discharge of student loans would be constitutional only if made for a legitimate public purpose and if adequate controls existed to ensure that the public purpose is met
|Tissue procurement organization's use of medical examiner's facility presumably has been determined by the Legislature to constitute a constitutional use of public funds
|Toll roads, Department of Transportation cannot grant state highway fund monies to Texas Turnpike Authority for toll roads except on condition of repayment from toll proceeds and other revenue
|Transit authority's agreement to provide buses for Olympic Games at request of Federal Transit Administration, permissibility
|Travel allowance plus gasoline and automotive repairs, county commissioners' receipt of both unlikely to serve public purpose
|Travel expenses of forensic pathologist applicant, county commissioners court's use of public funds to pay
|Treasury, funds in may only be appropriated by legislative action
|Unconditional gifts or donations or public funds or resources to private entities prohibited
|Unconstitutional donation to city, county makes unconstitutional donation to city by reimbursing city for expenditure for gifts when county did not participate in initial decision to make the expenditure
|Unconstitutional retroactive compensation for services performed and impermissible private use of public funds, county treasurer's payment of employees' accrued vacation or compensatory time when the county did not have a policy providing for such payment
|Unused vacation time, county employee who resigns before anniversary date may not be credited or compensated with unused vacation time where county's personnel policy provides that employee's unused vacation time is credited on the anniversary of the empl
|Water districts, valuation of real property offered for sale to lessee of property


text:
Art and Architecture of Ireland
Complete 5-Volume Set
Andrew Carpenter, general editor
December 16, 2014
3000 pages, 9 1/2 x 11
3000 color illus.
Boxed Set
Published for the Royal Irish Academy in association with the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art
Out of Print
In five handsome, deeply researched volumes, Art and Architecture of Ireland provides an authoritative and fully illustrated account of the art and architecture of Ireland from the early Middle Ages to the end of the 20th century. Each volume has its own expert editor or editorial team and covers a specific area or chronological period. More than 250 scholars from around the world, who represent a broad range of disciplines, contribute texts that range from thematic and general essays to articles on techniques and historical developments, biographical entries, bibliographies, lists of artists, and comprehensive indexes. Historical documentation combines with the best of current scholarship to make this the most comprehensive and ambitious undertaking of its kind. The volumes explore all aspects of Irish art and architecture—from high crosses to installation art, from Georgian houses to illuminated manuscripts, from watercolors and sculptures to photographs, oil paintings, video art, and tapestries. This monumental work provides new insight into every facet of the strength, depth, and variety of Ireland's artistic and architectural heritage.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Gulp! Alive!® Jumbo Leech
Item No. 02863264176
Additional Information
Product Description
Gulp! Alive! baits offer the best alternative to live bait ever produced. Since the baits are soaked in the powerful attractant they are more effective and catch more fish. Put the bait back in the bucket to ReCharge its effectiveness. You don't have to deal with the hassle of live bait anymore - try Gulp! Alive! and fish the revolution.
- Each bait has a natural presentation in action scent and taste
- Replaces live leeches for better durability and long lasting results
- Expand your strike zone with 400x more scent dispersion than plastic baits
- 15 years of Gulp! evolution &the best keeps getting better


text:
Our hydrologic and hydraulic services extend to municipal, governmental, residential, and commercial developments, including floodplain management and storm water control. In addition, M&S assists clients in water resource design and in obtaining surface water permitting, ensuring water quality protection for both residents and the environment. Hydrologic and hydraulic services include:
|Stormwater Quality Best Management Practice Design
Hydrologic & Hydraulic Analysis
Storm Sewer
Open Channel
Bridges and Culverts
|Erosion Control
Regional and Site Specific Detention Pond Design
Drainage & Inundation Studies
Floodplain Determination & Analysis
FEMA Flood Map Revisions
| Reservoir DesignSedimentation/Filtration Pond Design
Dam/Embankment Design
Surface Water Rights, Acquisitions, and Permitting
Edwards Aquifer Recharge and Contributing Zone Permitting


text:
Personal Marketing
Total Posts : 67
Scores: 3
Reward points : 0
Joined: 8/4/2009
Personal Marketing
- Sunday, May 27, 2012 4:23 PM
People are always looking for better job openings with regard to the current unemployment status that is being witnessed. The categories of the people that are looking for the jobs are two; those that are completely unemployed and the ones that are looking for better jobs than they are currently doing. It is not very easy to come by any job since there is a lot of formidable competition out there. The number of people that are doing work that is not related to their fields but are waiting for a certain job opening are quite a number. But, chances are very few and instead of waiting, one has to grab them. Here we are discussing few tips on personal marketing and
job hunting
, which will help and guide you to find a better opportunity.
In order to make sure that your personal marketing is a success, there are several companies that have come up with a number of relevant tools. With career planning assessment tool, you can build a personal action plan. After that, you have to develop a marketing plan, which will help you in job hunting. A career report should be sufficient in confirming whether these objectives are being met. After a careful analysis of this report, it will now be easy to come up with an action plan that effective. Good websites offer your resume builders and you can build resumes for yourself. These resumes could then be distributed to a large number of job providers and they will certainly like the properly organized resume. With the kind of resumes that one gets from these websites, the job providers will have no otherwise but to give you the job. At the end of the day, these personal marketing tips that we are providing will not seem that small at the end of the day.
Social networking is also another vital tip when it comes to the personal marketing. In order to continue developing your contacts and even the rapport with the potential employers, the use of the existing social networks is very important. In case you find that there are currently no forums that are available for such matters, you might have to come up with one. By being able to send your resumes to several people, the job hunting will be a lot simpler. If this is what you are in search of, there are a number of websites. They can send your resumes to thousands of employers at a time. For a large array of job openings that are available, one could also check out their databases. Moreover, you can also find many references, which will help you in job hunting.
The help that one could get from these sites does not end there. These are constantly updated by the employers and you can find new and updated job there. In order to make sure that the help that is being provided by the sites is very practical, they will help in resume building and also personal marketing. Tips and advices related to the process of interviewing are also provided by the expert recruiters. Regardless of the profession that one is in, there is certainly a job that would suit them. Engineers, scientists and IT professionals, everyone can find jobs of his interest by subscribing on these websites.
Not only are the people looking for jobs in need of the personal marketing but the ones that are making the transition as well. Most of these individuals are the ones that do not like their current jobs and do not quite fit in. It is important that one makes a change to a better job if they are to become satisfied with their job and make sure that their skills are being put into proper use. There are times however whereby the main motivating factor for the change in jobs in the pay. With personal marketing, getting a new job irrespective of the reason will be successful.
These are some of the factors that should motivate you to getting a good career management company. A bad one will lead you to nowhere and it will be wastage of time only. By simply searching over the internet, one will be able to get have access to their services after making the subscription.


text:
October 01, 2013
Posted Sept. 18, 2013
The mission of the American College of Animal Welfare is to advance animal welfare through education, certification, and scientific investigation. ACAW diplomates are veterinarians with advanced training in all aspects of animal welfare science, including ethics. As animal welfare specialists, diplomates can offer the public, general veterinary practitioners, and other stakeholders accurate information and advice on animal welfare.
The AVMA Executive Board granted the specialty college provisional recognition in August 2012 (see JAVMA, Oct. 1, 2012). ACAW is one of four organizations in the world that certify animal welfare specialists.
With the latest certifications, the number of ACAW diplomates has grown to 30, including 27 charter diplomates. They are involved in a broad range of fields, including consulting practice, not-for-profit organizations, academia, and industry, according to ACAW President Bonnie V. Beaver.


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Plan B announces new single
The next single to be taken from Plan B's million selling album 'The Defamation of Strickland Banks' will be 'Writing's on the Wall'.
Released on March 7th it comes just days before he embarks on his biggest ever UK tour culminating in a massive show at London's O2 on March 10.
Recently nominated for no less that three BRIT awards (British Male Solo Artist, British Single for 'She Said' and British Album of the Year) Ben Drew will also be bring something mighty spectacular to the BRITs stage with his live performance on the night.
Also nominated at the NME Awards (Best Dancefloor Filler for 'Stay Too Long'), 2011 is set to be a momentous year for Ben Drew.
The Dates:
Sun 27th Feb – Dublin Olympia
Mon 28th Feb - Dublin Olympia
Wed 2nd March – Manchester Apollo
Thurs 3rd March – Wolverhampton Civic Hall
Fri 4th March – Blackpool Empress Ballroom
Sat 5th March – Doncaster Dome
Mon 7th March – Swindon Oasis
Tues 8th March – Plymouth Pavilions
Wed 9th March – Brighton Centre
Thurs 10th March – London O2 Arena


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- Latest available (Revised)
- Original (As enacted)
This is the original version (as it was originally enacted).
1(1)Where a complaint is presented to an industrial tribunal under section 8 and a copy of it is sent to a conciliation officer, he shall—
(a)if requested to do so by the complainant and respondent, or
(b)if he considers that he has a reasonable prospect of success,
try to promote a settlement of the complaint without its being determined by an industrial tribunal.
(2)Where a person is contemplating presenting such a complaint, a conciliation officer shall, if asked to do so by the potential complainant or potential respondent, try to promote a settlement.
(3)The conciliation officer shall, where appropriate, have regard to the desirability of encouraging the use of other procedures available for the settlement of grievances.
(4)Anything communicated to a conciliation officer in a case in which he is acting under this paragraph shall not be admissible in evidence in any proceedings before an industrial tribunal except with the consent of the person who communicated it.
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Spangle VS Brains. Whom You'll Follow? (Infographics)
The contemporary world is seeking to the rush changes, and various concepts are gaining totally new meaning. Nowadays, it is hard to find a person who knows nothing about social networks. Twitter is one of the most popular social websites that became a vital part of each and every person throughout the world. However, it is not only the way of interaction between different people – Twitter became a reflection of a user's status.
AssignmentMountain.com made a complex analysis of the top-followed Twitter accounts in order to detect the preferences of its users. The leader of Twitter's followers is a Canadian pop-musician Justin Biber with 63,1 million of fans, which is not a surprise at all because many teens all over the world adore him. Biber beats Barack Obama though Mr. President recently got his Twitter account and received 58,5 million of followers for a short period. From the statistics, it becomes evident that modern people are not really keen on religion. Head of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis, is not in a high popularity (5,96 million); nevertheless, politics gains much less popularity(UK Prime-Minister David Cameron has 3,13 million of fans only).
Governmental organizations are also popular among people, but NASA (9,78 million),The White House(6,1 million),and CERN(1,15 million) do not have together even a half of Biber's followers. Modern users prefer well-known sportsmen to the news agencies. Portuguese football-star Cristiano Ronaldo (35,2 million of fans), Brazilian footballer Kaka (22,6 million), and American sportsman James LeBron (20,7 million) evoke much more public interest than CNN( 16,7 million), The New York Times( 16,3 million), and ABC News(4,14 million).
The popularity of sportsmen had to increase the quantity of some sportswear companies' followers. Though Nike is a global corporation, it has 4,84 million of fans only. Twitter-users also do not show much interest in the expensive clothes- Louis Vuitton is followed by 4,34 million.
Modern people are eager to know about all events around the world and share the brightest moments of their life with others. YouTube is the most popular video-sharing website with 50,5 million of followers. Twitter has 37,8 million of fans, and Facebook is ranked 3rd in popularity with 13,9 million. Despite the fact that Apple is a world digital giant, its Ios platform (AppStore) is followed by 3,63 million of users.
From the analysis above, it becomes clear that Twitter's popularity is the best way to determine people's preferences. Nevertheless, the quantity of fans does not correspond to the real significance.
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Originally posted by dominicus
Google "Semantics". If you knew philosophy, you would understand that the greatest minds in the world all agreed on the fact that language, while necessary for communication, has enormous limits based on subjectivism and general semantics.
Should I take your word, or should I take the word of some of the greatest minds in the world. I'll go with the latter thank you very much.
My friend, there is "no one here" who needs attention. We use words as pointers. If one wants to know God or the absolute truth, one reads words which are pointers to a reality beyond words.
Once the reality beyond words is being experienced, then there is nothing left to say. Then One Knows the truth beyond everything. One is beyond the Matrix.
But then others still in the Matrix ask how do I get out..... well you have to use the language of the matrix to communicate how to get out of the Matrix.
Everyone else just doesn't know, that they don't know.
Transcendence is to go beyond everything including yourself. In that realm is the truth and the absolute can be seen .....
Originally posted by pepsi78
*my post
^pepsi78 post and replies
*First I know what LIGHT GUIDES ME DEEP WITHIN and recognize fallenz trickz.
^Unity is good to the line where you cross it off the balanced point, then unity becomes manipulation.
Originally posted by pepsi78
*Second What I am speaking of as far as the perfect higher self is the self that GOD MADE US ALL IN BEFORE WE GAINED KNOWLEDGE FROM KNOWLEDGE TREE FROM EVIL FALLEN
^If you eat from the tree then you do not know what you are eating because just like in snow white half of the apple is poison half is good.
Eat from it and die, it's the truth when you look at it Eve and Adam were not kicked out of the garden because god was mean, but because god told them you have tasted it, now you are on your own, go.
Originally posted by pepsi78
The dieing part is you dieing as what you are, your emotions, your feeling will go, you die inside. You eat from it you are on your own, and you do die inside.
Originally posted by pepsi78
I like looking at the tree, it is a beautiful tree, I like to look at it from all points of view, study it. When eating you digest the fruits from the tree, you practice it and yes you are on your own.
Originally posted by pepsi78
*1.So before we were tricked we were perfect HENCE OUR ORIGINAL PERFECT SELVES-K- not sure what you are visualizing but I am speaking of the abilities god gave us before being tricked -k-
^Yes he put the snake there so we can eat from it, so we can be on our own assuming we are going to eat from it sooner or later or not. Gave a choice.
Originally posted by pepsi78
*FLAT OUT whats wrong with trying to reconnect with the creator who once spoke freely to us and helped us...PLEASE CLEARIFY MY POST RIGHT HERE WITH -I AM FALLING FOR IT- VENUS IS BRIGHT REMEMBER HERE THERE EVERWHERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
^Because it was intended we have diversity and not unlimited connection so everything can exist on it's own. So what you see around you will remain there, so you can pick up where god left off and create new things out of what you have, to go even further and invent new things, to add to diversity.
Originally posted by No King but Jesus
reply to post by anglodemonicmatrix
no one can say, "Jesus is Lord," except by the Holy Spirit.-1Cor12.3
But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven; he is guilty of an eternal sin.-Mark3.29
Jesus said to him, "Away from me, Satan! For it is written: 'Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.'-Matt4.10
Originally posted by Yummy Freelunch
First of all, just let me clarify that I am a terrible writer. In other words, I have a hard time putting my thoughts into words on "paper", so please forgive me if my writing is strung out. I also use a ton of Ellipsis in my writing, which I know irritates some people..it's just my style
Ok, with the disclaimers out of the way..its hard to decide where to start..but I feel a need to get this out now.
Im sure I'll be labeled a lunatic after this post, but I'll risk it.
Ive been here on ATS for a while now, and before I found ATS, I studied as much information as I could all over the internet, and books. Studied, really isnt a good word, Id say devoured, absorbed...I just couldnt get ENOUGH information coming into my brain to suite me. This information was feeding a hunger for truth, for who..or what life is. And who am I.
I devoured everything I could on ufo's, paranormal, history, nature, science, etc...most everything except Hollywood jargon, I tried to stay away from pop culture information, such as People, or any news rag like that. I wanted to filter out the useless CRAP that most people read.
All my life, I had a feeling that I was "different", or that I didnt belong in society.
I dont have the same interests as most people I meet. I dont care about what clothes to wear, or how to look like a model. I dont care if I drive a fancy car or live in a fancy house. These things dont interest me in the least. I wouldnt even care about money at all, if it werent needed to live here.
I never knew there were others that felt this way until I found this site. I really felt alone, although I never really felt lonely. Coming here, and reading other people's stories and experiences has broadened my once tiny spectrum of who we are, and what life is really about.
I have come to a conclusion..from loads of information...that, indeed we are slaves and prisoners on this beautiful blue planet. We, are in a prison, within a prison. The flesh body, is also a prison for the beautiful "beings" that we really are.
Do you really expect me to believe that we have "evolved"? Or that some god just decided to create us from dust? Then set a bunch of rules upon us, and would kill us or send us to a hell if we didnt obey?
Its ludicrous to even suggest such a thing, in my opinion.
I know in my heart of hearts..that we..ALL OF US..have come from somewhere else in the universe...my "home" planet might not be the same as yours...look inside yourself..why is there so many diverse cultures, languages and races on this TINY planet? We are all flesh beings, but all so different. We did not just spring up from the primordial ooze as a fish...we have been brought here..all of us..and enslaved. What I mean is..we dont remember who we are..someone or someTHING is keeping us ignorant.
I know now..why the powers that be want to keep us downtrodden and warring against each other.
They are also puppets, although they dont realize it. They think they OWN this world and us..but they dont..they are also enslaved here..just like the rest of us.
They are evil..we should not have to fight for anything we need..we should not have to fight AT ALL!
Food , shelter, basic needs should be a "given" and no one should be without. Money is a tool that they use to keep us imprisoned throughout our lives.
Sometimes I agree with that saying.."Money is the root of all evil"..its not the money, its the power that "they" have to wield it against us.
The lust for material things, is also another lie they project into our minds...its like dangling a carrot in front of a horse..new and shiny things..just keep us like robots.."must have new plasma tv"...this becomes a focus in your daily lives, until you forget who you really ARE!!!!
You are not a being of material things..but of love..and light..and peace.
I have not found WHO I am, yet..Im hoping that some of you on here might be able to help me with that. I have not experienced being in the spirit..although I have had flying dreams that I know I was there..out of body and in my "real" self.
It was the most liberating feeling..but Im always being chased.
Until we all awaken and learn to live in peace and harmony throughout this entire planet..we will never be who we truly are.
I looked in the mirror today and asked the reflection, "who are you?" It didnt answer back..but I know that somewhere inside me..is the being that was created and never dies. Immortal...do you see that, WE are immortal..WE ARE GODS...
I guess, the purpose of this story, is to ask others who are learning, or HAVE learned who they are and how to break free from this enslaved mentality.
I need help, I feel Im on the brink of finding out..and im scared to step forward..but I NEED to..and just dont know how or where to take the next step.
I almost feel a relief..but a part of me just wants to cry..cry and mourn the person I "thought" I was..which was a lie..do you know what I mean?
Please, if you have any information you can help me with, to find the door..Id greatly appreciate it..please feel free to add anything to this thread. I have slowly been coming awake..and its time to take the next step..
Thank you for reading this and thank you for your posts.
Sincerely, A sister of the spirit
Originally posted by Stormdancer777
Originally posted by Yummy Freelunch
reply to post by g146541
An ear wouldnt be such a bad thing..lol
I suppose what I mean, referring to us as gods, is that we are immortal..and we CAN create...with our minds..in the spirit..I just want to get to that point.
You want to be like god?
That sound familiar, lol
Yummy no one can teach you how to become awakened,
[edit on 013131p://bMonday2010 by Stormdancer777]
Originally posted by NoJoker13
reply to post by aspx
Hahahahaha you gotta be kidding me... That is a joke right?