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IR or Thermal Scanning for Hidden Mold: case study evaluates the ability of thermal imaging to find hidden mold contamination in a New York Home.
As we discuss in detail at THERMAL IMAGING, THERMOGRAPHY, thermal images and IR have been widely used with some success at spotting areas of heat loss in buildings and these tools have a longer history of use in examining overheated electrical connections, motors, etc. But thermography for finding hidden mold reservoirs is a hit-or-miss proposition, as this article illustrates. Page top image of thermal scan results provided courtesy of Paul Probett, Incodo Ltd., a New Zealand Forensic Building Specialist.[1]
We also provide a MASTER INDEX to this topic, or you can try the page top or bottom SEARCH BOX as a quick way to find information you need.
The most egregious instrument snafu I've come across [DF] recently was a Hudson Valley New York "mold remediator" uses an IR camera to tell himself and his clients where hidden mold is located in their home.
The homeowner complained of high sensitivity and allergies to mold and told me that her bedroom was the place where she was most irritated - she suspected a mold problem nearby, had hired the thermographic camera-equipped mold contractor, had him treat her home, but felt no reduction in her indoor air quality mold-suspect complaints.
After this high tech pay and spray "mold remediation job" produced no relief, I was asked to examine the building further. I cut test openings into walls where he'd been spraying his sanitizer - there was no mold in those cavities to start with. By inspecting the building outdoors and inside, and by listening to the client, and perhaps by luck too, I was able to find a mold problem whose removal also abated the occupant complaints in the home.
At below left our photo shows one of the plugged openings where the contractor had sprayed his sanitizer - along a dining-room window where (no surprise on a 1960's ranch house) his thermal camera had shown temperatures a bit lower than other wall sections. The treatment areas was a bit far from the problem bedroom. With owner permission we decided to take a look into the treated wall cavity. At below right you can see the wall cavity side of our test plug cut - indeed we found a stain explained below, but no mold whatsoever on either side of the drywall surfaces - not by eye and not by lab test.
At below left you can see the building wall cavity insulation vapor barrier (black kraft paper) and insulation (green fiberglass) where we removed a new test plug to make an exploratory wall cut in the area the contractor had asserted was heavy mold growth. At below right you can see the wall sheathing, framing, and cavity details. By visual inspection, surface test samples, and vacuum samples we found no evidence that there had ever been mold contamination in this cavity. We also saw by liquid marks that what we thought may have been water marks from leaks were traced to the application of sanitizer. .
This approach to finding hidden building mold was as unreliable and nonsensical as the window replacement company salesmen who used to use a camera light meter (which pegged its needle whenever exposed to brighter light at any building window) to identify "leaky windows".
I did find areas of basement water entry and moldy insulation. (FIBERGLASS INSULATION MOLD - in an area never examined by the thermograph er. Starting outdoors we identified all of the likely leak points on the home, roof to basement, with special attention to the exterior walls and attic surrounding the problem bedroom. Our photos below illustrate our discovery of a long history of leaks into a cantilevered floor cavity that was under the plaintiff's bed. Notice that deep drip line in the soil? That led us to lie down, squirm under the floor overhang and look up. At below right you can see what we found. Leak stains.
Below are photographs from the home's basement, looking at and then into the cantilevered floor section. We found leak stains and some visible mold on wood surfaces as well as on some of the insulation in that area.
In our forensic lab we confirmed the presence of Pen/Asp spore chains in air and dust in the bedroom, and long Pen/Asp spore chains and mold growth actually inside the fiberglass insulation that had been below the bedroom floor. Why would mold "grow" in relatively clean fiberglass insulation?
Certainly if the building insulation has remained clean and dry the mold risk is very low. But where the material has been wet, occupied by insects or rodents or other sources of organic debris, and possibly where the resin binder is mold-friendly, we sometimes find rather high Aspergillus sp. and on occasion Penicillium sp. therein (photo below left).
Pen/Asp spores in spore chains (red arrows in photo above) confirmed active or recent nearby fungal growth, not just a volunteer spore or two that came in to the insulating material from the air. At below right our photo illustrates other fungal growth and mite fecals collected from the wood surfaces in the same building floor cavity. More detail about the occurrence of mold in fiberglass insulation is at INSULATION MOLD CONTAMINATION TEST.
Mr. Probett's slide shown at left illustrates a point that we also emphasize: neither a moisture meter nor an infra red / thermal scanning device will report an area of prior water leakage or hidden mold if that area has dried at the time of the building survey.
And simply pointing to temperature differences in a building does not assure that we are pointing out moisture leaks and certainly not mold.
The upper photos show what looks like a clean building interior (far left) that actually harbored a significant level of mold on the wall surface behind wallpaper.
The lower photos illustrate that the thermal image reports no significant temperature inconsistency that would have pointed to this mold contamination.
Paul Probett adds: We had major problems with people buying thermal imagers, using ex military units and making ridiculous claims. In 2008 I gave a power-point presentation [25] [adapted in this article] to a conference explaining how IR results can be fudged and I described the limitations of thermal imagers. (Our staff had been through the Infraspection Institute USA on-line course to level 2 the year before).
An adaptation & expanded version of Mr. Probett's 2008 thermography presentation are included in the text and illustrations at THERMAL IMAGING, THERMOGRAPHY.
Like practices of questionable honesty, there was an element of truth to the mold remediator's IR pitch: if indeed there had been a recent water leak into a building cavity, the IR scanner might be expected to pick up a temperature difference at that location. And since a water leak into a wall can cause mold, there might be a mold risk. But
In fact there was a problem mold reservoir in the building discussed above, but it was nowhere near any of the locations treated by the contractor - it was not even on the same building floor level..
In fact, the "remediation" procedure sold by the contractor was improper as well as ineffective. His use of thermal imaging, included "free" in his building survey for hidden mold, led to a dual error:
The person who screens your building for mold contamination or other possibly costly repairs and who defines the initial scope of work to be performed should have no business nor any other relationship with the contractor who will ultimately perform the work.
Reliance on "tests" for hidden mold without an expert visual inspection will not give the most reliable results and some building mold screening test methods are simply invalid.
Watch out: in the hands of the inadequately-trained or unscrupulous operators, many inspection & testing tools or equipment can wreak havoc or harm to consumers. At THERMAL IMAGING, THERMOGRAPHY Paul Probett discusses the ingredients necessary for successful use of thermographic or IR temperature scanning cameras & equipment and he also identifies sources of thermography errors.
Thanks for your great website which offers great information. I am writing as I believe there aren't many people (professionals) who truly know about mold problems, how to find it, and the solutions.
I smell mold strongly in the kitchen area.of a single family bungalow. I can smell it when I walk into the house but it is definitely in the kitchen. There are 2 ceiling light fixtures at the ceiling, and I smell it when I stand under the lights, and I also smell it on the wall, at the plate covers the wall for electrical outlets. (seems that where there are openings in the wall and ceiling, I smell it there. (even where a wall hanging is mounted)
There is also a large window on one of the 2 walls in questions (the walls come together like an "L" and the window has a a double pane glass and the inside pane has a 10 inch crack. I smell it there too.
I had a home inspector who said he finds mold, came to do the mold inspection, and he brought an infrared camera and an air quality tester thing. He said his camera would show mold if it was behind walls or ceilings.. He said he didn't see anything.
He also told me that mold doesn't smell, and he said he doesn't smell anything. He did an "air quality test, by taking one sample outside, one in the inside entrance of the house, and then taking one in the kitchen, and all 3 samples came back negative for mold. (the inspection was done when it was -38 C outside, not sure if that is a factor.)
He held up this vacuum thing for a few minutes in each 3 location.
He also got on a ladder, and peered up into the attic crawlspace but not did go into the attic and cross any of the rafters. The kitchen is at the exact opposite of the house where the smell is located.The attic has an opening in the ceiling where he held a flashlight and and glanced around the 1100 square foot area.
Allegedly there was a gutter back up a year ago and I do not know how much water came in or where the water went in, but the 2 walls in the kitchen are the outer walls of the house that join where the backup allegedly happened.
The spouse doesn't smell anything, and is happy to believe the home inspector,and stop looking.
I am writing as I am planning to look further, but want to know if you can give me an idea as to where to start and what method (scope vs cut outs and where to make the first cut)
There are no visible stains, bubbling, or marks on the wall, ceiling or floor and the walls and ceiling was painted about 6 months ago. The floor isn't that new and I don't really smell it coming from the floor. The kitchen tap is also located on one of the walls in question, where under the sink appears to be dry and I don't get the profuse smell under the sink in that cupboard. There are also fridge lines that supply water to the ice maker across from the tap on the opposite side of the kitchen, possibly in the ceiling as well there is a vent above the stove at the other wall.
Out of 5 rooms on the main floor, the kitchen is the only room that I smell it in.
There were 2 general contractors who came before the "expert" house inspector" and the contractors walked in and said right away that they can smell it and identified the kitchen area without previously knowing that was as where I smell it.
Would you trust 3 negative air quality samples if you can smell it as well as an infrared camera?
(he did show me how placing my hand on the wall for a second, would soon show a glowing hand print by pointing his camera on it.)
Would you start looking deeper or leave it? Will it eventually become visible somewhere?
If you were going to look further where would you make your first opening and with what tool?
Would you go on the rafters in the attic first?
Is there anything that can be done less invasively from easily lifting the siding at the outside of the house?
Thanks for your time (there will be a newborn with lung issues coming and I want to ensure there is no hazard.... )
I do trust my nose, and it is definitely the smell of rotten mold. If I could describe it, better, I would say moldy wet wood smell. I can also smell it a bit outside in the yard at the same wall with the earlier gutter backup.. which was fixed allegedly at the time of the back up.
Bob, if you smell mold there is probably mold nearby. Most people's smell sense is pretty accurate in this area. Find and follow the building leak history and to be thorough, also examine the structure, its design, ventilation and materials to notice areas of possible moisture traps even where there has not been an actual leak, and to spot mold-friendly materials in those wet or damp areas. .
Regarding the description of the rather questionable mold "inspection" by a home inspector in which you stated:
"..he said mold doesn't smell"
Nonsense! While it is true that not all molds create smelly mold-volatile-organic compounds or MVOCs, many do. If you smell mold, there is or has been mold contamination nearby. A few other chemical odors might be mistaken for mold but not many - most people are pretty accurate at identifying "mold smells" if they are present.
Absence of mold smell is not proof of absence of mold contamination. But presence of mold smell is good evidence of mold contamination.
Tell your home inspector to wise up or give you your money back.
About your comment that you
" ... had a home inspector who said he finds mold, came to do the mold inspection, and he brought an infrared camera and an air quality tester thing. He said his camera would show mold if it was behind walls or ceilings."
Baloney again!
Infrared scanning can spot temperature differences, not mold.
IF a building is wet due to leaks the IR scan might find the wet area; water is a gating condition for mold so such a finding might point out a place to look for wet conditions and mold in a building cavity.
But a leak or moisture trapped in building cavities could have inoculated a serious hidden mold contamination problem long ago in an area now dry. The IR scan won't find a darn thing but there could be a significant mold contamination problem.
Details about this confusion between making money using IR scanning and valid mold investigation methods can be read further in the article above.
Thanks for your reply. I'm just wondering where and how a person would start? What would make more sense? Would crawling up in the attic rafters be the first place, (so to look in the area of the smelling room beneath, which is farthest away from the attic opening) or would taking out a piece of drywall in that smelling rom, be first choice?
Its so invasive...If taking out a piece of drywall is first, would I go for the ceiling or the wall? Can it be done by the outside of the house with removing some siding? The walls that I smell it in, are both outside walls, with the smell also coming in from the ceiling attached to these 2 outside walls. Thanks again for your time...
In your reply you said.
At InspectApedia if you search for "find hidden mold" you'll see a number of suggestions; the basic approach is what I intended to describe: we ID the highest risk points first by studying the building leak and moisture trap history - examining in those locations.
Of course a competent mold contamination inspection inspects the accessible building areas before cutting anything open. The fact that you even ask this question tells me that your home inspector's inspection was not a useful one. A competent mold inspection begins outside, examining the entire structure, continues inside examining all accessible indoor areas, and includes a taking of the building leak history and occupant complaint history.
The combination of building design, structure, materials, and leak or moisture history, aided by occupant observations and complaints, tells us the most-likely areas where there may be a hidden mold reservoir needing attention. That's where we continue the investigation making test cuts as necessary. On occasion we also use a bore scope but I don't rely on that instrument alone any more than one can rely on a "negative-result mold-in-air test" to screen a building for hidden mold problems.
If it is easier to pull siding to investigate a high risk area than to cut and patch drywall, sure, that's an option. But I would not damage siding to save drywall. Drywall cuts are invasive only in that there may be a need for cosmetic repair and possibly re-painting a wall area or even an entire wall. Often we can explore high risk wall areas at the wall bottom by pulling off baseboard trim and making our opening there, avoiding visible wall cuts.
But in truth if we start by investigating the highest risk areas first, the cost of a later drywall repair pales compared with the cost of removing moldy drywall, removing moldy or previously wet insulation, cleaning a wall cavity, then restoring the wall.
See the hidden mold links given just below.
In my quest to get to the bottom of the problem, I have found that the equipment that the inspector brings in (infrared camera) is also very crucial. I am reading that the camera often used only picks up temperature differences of 5 degrees and more. I am reading that the difference where mold could be growing with moisture can show as little as a 0.7 degree difference.
I have also found that the resolution specs need to be as much as 260 x 360 as opposed to many mold inspectors cameras that will only have the capacity resolution of 16 x 36.
I have also found that your information regarding air quality tests was very helpful, as had I not come across it, I would have believed (I did believe) that a negative air quality test, is the proof in the pudding to put to rest the worry of having "toxic air".
I am thoroughly disappointed that "mold consultants" are not governed and apparently any "home inspector"( who has a "home inspector" licence, and has written a one page test on mold, can call himself an expert consultant with no liability. (or expertise)
It is misleading at the very least, where these people can charge an enormous amount of money only to tell the home owner, that his house is clear of mold, and his air is negative for toxins, and that there is no problem.
I realize the first flag should have been where he said mold doesn't smell, but when a person is needing professional help, who wouldn't trust the person who can call himself, an expert/consultant?
On account that there was a "smell concern" contained in a room where the exact point of the smell was pointed out, I now realize that his credentials were suspect, as he could have easily offered to remove a baseboard and/or an electrical outlet in the wall where he could have taken a peek or at least tried to get a smell.
When I called him later on, to find out about his qualifications I asked him if he was certified and he said he was and told me the names of where the certification came from. One was the home inspector association, the other was an online course for home inspectors where they learn about taking an air quality test, (that is free) and then once they pass it, they can call themselves experts.
Of course a person couldn't go after the "expert' once mold is found as you agree that he isn't responsible for anything that could have been missed, as well they could always say it wasn't there when they did their inspection.
I don't believe he took an tape samples of any areas, and even if he did I question how reliable they would have been.
Your site, gave me the basic knowledge where I learned that inspections are far more complex than one would imagine. Thanks for posting it. The invasive search for mold will take place next week, and I will update on the find. The smell is strong so one would have to think that its behind the walls somewhere.
If there is mold between the siding and the exterior sheathing, could the mold move in front of the vapour barrier closest to the interior drywall? Could it be on both sides of the barrier? Should a person start from the outside by removing a piece of siding and cutting out a piece of the sheathing, or should a person start from the inside, out?
(it has warmed up but still for spring, it will only be about 32F for the next 4-6 weeks.)
Let's me try to be more clear about IR and air testing in hope it helps guide some other
The temperature differences and mold growth ranges you cite are inaccurate and not useful for two reasons.
1. of the 1.5 million mold genera/species, there are molds that will grow in a huge range of conditions - making narrow temperature specifications something less than helpful when screening a building for mold
2. FALSE NEGATIVE ERRORS: IR or thermal scanning or thermography will ONLY pick up temperature differences not mold. It will not, for example, detect mold growth in a building wall or ceiling cavity if at the time of the scan that cavity is not wet or drafty or cold for some other reason. As a practical example, many times we've found very extensive mold contamination in building cavities that showed no temperature variation whatsoever.
3. FALSE POSITIVE ERRORS: IR and thermal scanning also give a very high percentage of indications of "mold presence" where there is no mold whatsoever, just a temperature difference. For example I inspected and made test cuts into walls of a home where the owner complained of a mold smell. She had paid a "mold expert" to find and treat the mold contamination. The expert used thermal scanning, found cold areas around the window frames of the 1960's-built raised ranch in New York state, inserted a wand and sprayed biocide into the building cavities. Several thousand dollars of fee were completely wasted. We found on inspection that the areas treated were not and had never been mold-contaminated whatsoever. Rather the mold contamination was found in a different building area, one that was missed by the IR.
This approach to "mold testing" is as misleading as the old light meter trick: the replacement window industry salesmen used to walk through a home using a light meter, telling prospective clients that the meter was an energy-loss detector. When the light meter came near a window, needless to say the needle pegged.
The "air test for mold" approach is another example of a profitable service that can be of low actual diagnostic value. It is quick and easy, and when conducted without an actual inspection, a mistake: grab a sample, send it to a lab, the lab sends a report to the client. The field tester denies any responsibility, saying the lab did the technical work. The lab denies any responsibility, correctly saying that they only know what was in the sample, not how the sample was collected or whether or not it represents actual building conditions. A negative result - no mold detected- is not quite reliable; I find several orders of magnitude in the level of airborne particles just by waving a notebook in the air or moving the air sampler to a higher or lower level in the room.
A "positive" result (high problem mold counts) is indeed strongly suggestive of an indoor mold problem, but even then we don't have any diagnostic information and need to pay someone all over again to do the proper job: find the mold contamination reservoir and specify the cleanup needed.
If there is mold between the siding and the exterior sheathing, could the mold move in front of the vapour barrier closest to the interior drywall? Could it be on both sides of the barrier? Should a person start from the outside by removing a piece of siding and cutting out a piece of the sheathing, or should a person start from the inside, out?
Mold particles from some species such as Aspergillus are so small that they can move like a gas through buildings, following very small air leak passages. And MVOCs are gases and can move accordingly.
But mold between siding inner surface and the outer surface of exterior sheathing would not be a highly likely source of indoor mold spore contamination except in the most egregious case. (It might be a source of MVOC odors indoors).
Much more likely mold reservoirs indoors are wet or previously wet cavity side of drywall, wood framing, wood sheathing, and in some cases previously or currently wet insulation, particularly fiberglass. (Cellulose insulation, though made of paper, has been treated with a fire retardant making it much less mold-friendly).
These points are why following the leak path or accumulation area of water and moisture are important in finding a mold reservoir in buildings. But we do NOT want to send a maniac running through the building with an axe, chopping holes willy nilly. That's why we start modestly, with minimum invasiveness, small test cuts in most-suspect areas.
IF following that more gentle approach we can't find the mold problem but if other building evidence (odors, tests, complaints) make us believe that there is a good chance that a problem reservoir exists, THEN we might have to make what you called "flood cuts" and I call "strip cuts" removing 6-12" of drywall along entire lengths of a building wall or ceiling to look for the problem.
Using strip cuts we found that in a building whose lower floors had been flooded by the extinguishment of a fire on an upper floor the water had run across a ceiling and down inside of a wall cavity into a basement; but in the ceiling and wall cavities, as drywall and sheathing were tightly nailed to studs, water ran in just two joist bays and just three wall stud bays - which is why finding the problem with small test cuts had been unsuccessful. The strip cut showed the problem immediately. (IR or Thermography was useless as the building was already dry at the time of investigation).
While I am very critical of "mold inspectors" who took a weekend course or sent away for a mail-order diploma (easily obtained) certifying themselves with what is principally a marketing tool rather than true expertise, making clear that such folks often are simply chasing the enviro-scare mold dollar, I want to emphasize that a home inspector who takes a more thoughtful approach to mold investigation could be the most useful inspector one could hire to look for hidden mold problems in building.
How might this be? An experienced home inspector, a real one who actually inspects the building, knows better than many others (including industrial hygienists, engineers, and a laundry-truck driver who became a mold inspector to earn a better living) where leaks occur in buildings and where water goes. Because leaks and moisture are key gating factors in mold contamination in buildings, this expertise is immensely useful.
But an inspector of any stripe and with any credential who simply dashes into a building and grabs a test sample or two to send over to a lab, is not providing the most helpful service: even if such a test indicates that there is a mold problem in the building, the test is not telling us where it is, why it's there, and what cleanup is needed. If that's all your inspector did, I'd ask for a refund.
I agree that it's difficult for a consumer who is not an expert herself to figure out who the real experts are in any field. Just asking about credentials is not so helpful. We don't know if the cited credentials are valid, real, or just mail-order. Even state licensing is limited in usefulness in that at least in the states with whom I worked on licensing and testing were inclined to set the qualifications-bar very low so as not to exclude people who wanted to work in the field. One state education department head told me "We certainly don't intend to stand in the way of someone's ability to earn a living." What about protecting the public?
Ask about the inspector's experience. Listen to hear if the inspector regularly attends professional education courses, seminars, or the like. And best, just ask a question, any question, that invites the inspector to answer with some technical detail. If the inspector says "Don't worry about that, honey, we'll take care of it" then there are two reasons not to hire that person. First, he called you "honey" and second, there was not a shred of content in the reply. No content during the service-sales honeymoon pretty much promises no-content during the marriage.
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8/20/14 Meg Cranston said:
Thank you for clarifying use of infrared imaging. A water main break flooded my 1500 sq. ft. classroom & there was 3" standing water when discovered. An attempt was made to save the carpet since it is expensive to replace. Carpet was wet-vacuumed and cleaned--it was not pulled back so don't know if there is a pad. Windows and doors were left open while running a dehumidifier and fans (we are in dry, hot So. California).
One month after the flood, personnel from a local service "tested for mold" with their infrared camera and certified that the room was mold-free and safe to use. No baseboards had been removed, nor any airholes drilled in walls to accelerate drying, and they did not open any walls when testing for mold. They said that their camera would "see through" any walls or furniture, so they did not move any of the large cabinets to check for mold underneath them.
When I returned to my classroom two weeks after the room had been certified "mold free", I opened a cabinet and there was a moldy smell. After moving that and several other wooden cabinets, I found lots of visible and smelly, black, white and yellow mold on the carpet and all over the bottoms of the cabinets.
It sounds as if use of the infrared camera is useless in identifying mold one month after the room had dried out. Is that right?
I'd love your suggestions for what to do now. We are scheduled to begin school in 13 days. 48 young children (4 and 5 years old) will be in that classroom every day, and they spend a lot of time on the floor. I want to be certain that they, and the teaching staff, are in a healthy environment.
At this point, is it safe to try to salvage the wall-to-wall carpet or should it be torn out? The visible mold is on approx. 150 square feet.
Is it safe to assume that mold did not grow in the walls? There are rubber baseboards along most of the walls, however, there are seams between the 8 foot sections. Though the standing water was 3", the highest water damage marks on some cabinets are 6".
Thanks for any advice!
From the first paragraph of your comment I suspected trouble. NO competent, responsible water damage restoration company leaves wet carpet installed.
The IR "mold test" was of course junk science - it's a fast way to make a buck by misapplying what is otherwise an excellent tool.
If you smell mold there is mold.
Remove and toss the carpet and carpet padding; look on the back and underside of all cabinets, desks, etc. that were left on the wet carpeted floor or against a wet wall - for visible mold. These may be able to be cleaned, sealed, salvaged.
3" of water may not sound like much but even a fraction of an inch of water, if it enters a drywall-covered wood-framed partition wall, will invite mold growth in that cavity; moisture wicks up in the materials and is slow to dry.
Thanks for your response. The same "expert" returned to the classroom today and told us that what we are seeing on the wall-to-wall carpet can not be mold since mold "can't grow on synthetic carpet". He recommended that we have him clean the carpet again. Thank you for your advice--we will tear out the carpet and replace. Do we need to do any special cleaning of the concrete floor before laying the new carpet?
A contractor told me that even though it has been 6 weeks since the flood, we should still remove the baseboards and drill some holes at the base of the walls, then run a dehumidifier to be sure they are thoroughly dry inside. The perimeter walls are plaster, and the "expert" told us that mold cannot grow on plaster so there is no need to do anything with the walls and no need to be concerned about possible mold. What do you recommend?
Your expert is, perhaps stronger in holding opinions than expert in mycology, indoor mold, or mold prevention. There are fungal species that will grow on almost anything, even glass, stone, and certainly plastics and synthetic materials including carpets.
When the carpet and padding are removed, you don't need to do any atomic cleaning of the concrete, just use any household cleaner, but be SURE that the floor is completely dry before installing new carpet padding, tack strips, carpeting.
Drilling holes in walls six weeks after a flood cannot correct a mold problem that could have formed 24-48 hours after a wetting event. Only if a building is completely dried within that time might we be relatively sure of no mold problem developing.
Having inspected and dissected homes where the "drill a hole and blow" or "drill a hole and suck" approach to water damage and flooding I've formed a firm opinion, based on in-situ discoveries, that that approach is ineffective. You simply cannot move enough air fast enough to dry out such an area through little holes. We have published articles and photos of extreme mold growth that was later found on the wall cavity side of drywall where the little hole approach was used.
By contrast, strip cutting off the drywall above the water line or at least 12" above the floor and removing any wet insulation can work.
Thge contractor is somewhat correct that plaster is indeed more mold resistant than drywall, probably because of the alkaline chemistry of plaster that makes it a bit less mold friendly than paper covered drywall. But plaster is absolutely not "mold proof" - I have personally removed mold samples from room side and wall cavity side of plaster. IF there is no visible mold on plaster and no mold odor I'd leave it alone.
If I were worried about wall cavity mold I'd make a test cut in the most-suspect area to inspect the cavity.
Do that before any final cleaning and certainly before bringing in new carpeting or other materials.
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Bruno Mars
Career History
Incredibly, Bruno Mars' first ever taste of fame was as an Elvis impersonator all the way back when he was just SIX years old. He was so convincing in fact that he even appeared in the 1992 flick 'Honeymoon In Vegas' as 'Little Elvis'. Bruno was always destined to hit the big time and his first appearance as an all-out singer was in the Far East Movement's single '3D'. in 2010, Bruno's debut album 'Doo-Wops & Hooligans' was released & he captured the Vodafone Big Top 40 No.1 spot with 'Just The Way You Are'. Fast forward to 2017 and Mr Mars has released two MASSIVE-selling albums 'Unorthodox Jukebox' and '24K Magic'.
Did you know?
Mars's father gave him his nickname because he resembled wrestler Bruno Sammartino.
He has written hit singles for B.O.B., Flo Rida, Cee Lo Green, and Travie McCoy.
It took 3 years for his manager to convince Atlantic Records to sign him.
He is 5 ft 5".
First single: 'Just the Way You Are'.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cough from Burnt Food and Smoking
Recently, I have developed a cough that has been worrying me. Actually it hasn't been that recent, as it's been nagging me for over a month! I also actually quit smoking a few months back, and I wonder if this has something to do with that.
I did a little research and found that some smokers actually develop a cough after they quit. It might be called smoker's cough or something like that. And I'm not even really a long time smoker. I've been smoking for only about two years and decided that there was nothing good about it. Actually, developing a constant cough is what made me decide to quit once and for all. I did stop smoking before this on and off because I knew that I didn't want it to be a long term thing, but the cough is what put me over the edge and get serious about it.
The thing I have always maintained is that I can quit smoking anytime, which I still believe, because I never had any strong dependence on it. I know many people that can't stop smoking, whether it's psychological or a physical dependence on nicotine, I don't know. The appeal of smoking for me is that I once enjoyed the taste of the smoke and the burn sensation it gives, but lately these cigarettes have tasted awful to me and don't make me feel good at all. So there is nothing good about smoking to me now and there are only very dangerous side effects, so of course the only logical thing to do is to quit.
So this phenomenon of developing a cough after you quit is apparently because your lungs are starting to heal and clean out the system. The coughing is a mechanism for removing dust-like particles from the lungs, which is done by cilia, which are hair-like structures in the lungs. These cilia become active again once you stop smoking, and it begins to clear mucus and other debris from the lungs. Apparently, respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough and mucus production begin improving for up to a year after you quit.
Then I did some research and thought that maybe my cough is not related to the smoking, because I didn't have a problem with coughing in the two years before. Maybe it is a problem with the way I've been cooking my food for the last year. I've had some problems with some cookware and haven't bothered to replace them, where they are getting burnt from food, and this is actually showing up on some of the food that I've been eating. For example, when cooking chicken in the skillet, the chicken will sometimes get black from some of the burnt stuff on the frying pan. I try to remove some of this black stuff but can't get rid of it all.
So I looked it up, and it does seem that cooking food until it is burnt and black is not good for your health. The reason for this is that food cooked at a high temperature causes a molecule called acrylamide to form. This chemical is known to be a potential carcinogen in industrial form, but its not for sure a causer of cancer in the burnt food form.
And finally, there is a very coincidental link between my two investigations. Acrylamide is also found when smoking tobacco! So maybe this acrylamide is giving me some problems; I don't know.
This also led me to discovering the golden rule for cooking food. You should cook food until it is yellow and not too brown or black. I was always taught to cook food until it was brown to kill off the bacteria and also make it more palatable.
So there has been another study that shows that burnt meat might be linked with cancer. There are some compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines. The PAHs develop when animal meat fat and juices drip into flames in cooking, presumably causing some toxic gases to waft into the meat. HCAs develop when there is a chemical reaction between amino acids and sugars.
Animal testing has shown that high levels of these chemicals are linked to cancer, but these high levels are not the same as the ones people get from eating meat. However, there are some studies that show that fried or barbecued meat is associated with higher possibilities of certain cancers, but these are not absolutely proven to be certain.
So based on this research, it seems that I may have to wait up to a year to find out if I will lose all the issues that smokers have, including coughing, shortness of breath, etc. That means no more smoking and staying away from people that are smoking. I have also decided to be more careful when cooking food to make sure that it's not burnt, making sure to stop when its yellow, and trying to microwave food instead of using old fashioned fire.


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Multi-Card Readers Support Wide Range of Card Formats; Feature Transfer Button To Automatically Move Photos To Your Computer
Cologne, Germany, Sept. 29, 2004 - SanDisk® Corporation (NASDAQ: SNDK) today introduced three high-speed card readers, the SanDisk ImageMate® 12-in-1, ImageMate 5-in-1 and ImageMate CompactFlash® (CF) readers. Ideal for owners of digital cameras and other consumer electronics devices, each new reader includes a one-step transfer button and software for the PC to simplify the most common tasks that people want to do with their photos-transfer them to the hard drive, rename files and email them. The ImageMate readers are designed to quickly transfer pictures, digital video, music or any type of data to a computer via a high-speed USB 2.0 port.
For easier image organizing, sharing and viewing, each reader is bundled with Adobe® Photoshop® Album 2.0 Starter Edition software. SanDisk announced the new line of ImageMate card readers at Photokina where SanDisk is demonstrating products in Hall 1.2, aisle A, Booth #059.
Matthijs Hutten, product marketing manager at SanDisk, said, "Most consumers want to transfer their photos from the storage card in their digital camera to the computer. We believe the transfer button on these new readers is one of the easiest ways to do this and is much more versatile and cost effective than purchasing a separate docking station for the camera."
ImageMate 12-in-1 Reader
The new reader can also be removed from its docking station for lightweight travel. Suggested retail price is $34.99.
ImageMate 5-in-1 Reader
CompactFlash Reader
*Native support (No additional card adapters required)
The new readers will be available from October 2004 at many of the 80,000 stores worldwide that carry SanDisk products.
All SanDisk ImageMate readers are true "plug and play" due to USB Mass Storage Class (MSC) compliance when used with Windows ME, Windows 2000 (SP3+), Windows XP and Mac OS 10.1.2+. The readers are fully compatible with Windows 98SE, ME, 2000, XP and Mac OS 9.2+, Mac OS X v10.1.2+.
SanDisk, the world's largest supplier of flash memory data storage card products, designs, manufactures and markets industry-standard, solid-state data, digital imaging and audio storage products using its patented, high density flash memory and controller technology. SanDisk is based in Sunnyvale, CA.
SanDisk's web site/home page address: http://www.sandisk.com
SanDisk, the SanDisk logo, CompactFlash and ImageMate are trademarks of SanDisk Corporation, registered in the United States and other countries. SanDisk is an authorized licensee of the MultiMediaCard, miniSD, SD and xD-Picture Card trademarks. Memory Stick, Memory Stick PRO, Memory Stick Duo and Memory Stick PRO Duo are trademarks of Sony Corporation. SmartMedia is a trademark of Toshiba Corporation. RS-MMC is a trademark of the MultiMediaCard Association. All other brand names and trademarks may be the trademarks of their respective holder (s).


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Jenna Coleman: 'Time of The Doctor' Trailer & Stills!
Jenna Coleman and Matt Smith walk the snowy streets of Trenzalore in this new still from Doctor Who.
Orbiting a quiet backwater planet, the massed forces of the universe's deadliest species gather, drawn to a mysterious message that echoes out to the stars. And amongst them � the Doctor.
Rescuing Clara (Coleman) from a family Christmas dinner, the Time Lord (Smith) and his best friend must learn what this enigmatic signal means for his own fate and that of the universe.
"The Time of the Doctor" airs Wednesday, December 25 at 9:00pm ET/PT on BBC America. 25+ pics inside…
"The Time of the Doctor" trailer
Posted to: Jenna-Louise Coleman


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What's On
What's On
Find out about First World War centenary commemorative events and projects happening in your area in 2014 - 2018. Send us details of events and projects in the area between the Tyne and Tees that you would like to publicise on this website.
- Community and volunteer project
www.southtynesideremembers.org.uk About the project The South Tyneside Remembers… World War One website provides information about the lives and…
- Community and volunteer project
Next year will see the centenary of the armistice that ended the slaughter of the First World War.…
- Lanchester
- Community and volunteer project
Aiming to produce over 2,500 poppies and display them on the lawns in front and up the side of Lanchester Methodist Church during October and November 2018.
- Community and volunteer project
- Educational project
'Hunting the Hun' is a community heritage project supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF). Although officially finished…
- Community and volunteer project
Universities at War is a project to tell the lost stories of Newcastle and Durham University students, alumni…
- Community and volunteer project
When their cellar relocated to a more convenient location, nearer to the bar, the Brandon British Legion were…
Young people from Brandon Carrside Community Centre having been working with older people from their community to commemorate…
Presence A multi-media project in the North-East England funded by Arts Council England Coordinated by identity on…
- Online
- Community and volunteer project
A commemorative film from Lonely Tower Film & Media and Wessington U3A, telling the story of Washington and its sacrifice during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.
In summer 1916, whilst the Battle of the Somme was raging less than 10 miles away, some DLI soldiers had their photographs taken in a French village. But who were they? What battalions were they from? This project aims to find out.
ABOUT THIS WEBSITE | The Fallen Servicemen of Southwest County Durham St. Helen's Auckland, West Auckland, Etherley/Toft Hill,…
- Cornforth
- Community and volunteer project
Researching men named on the Cornforth and Tursdale war memorials


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In an earlier post I covered what a high FSH/low AMH reading means, what else to ask for in the way of diagnostic investigation, and the basics about whether this is a 'no hope' diagnosis or not.
I'll talk in this post about the main IVF protocol options for women with high FSH/low AMH/DOR and poor responders, but will be back sometime soon with a post about other lower-cost options for those not willing or able to do [more] IVF.
IVF Protocol Options
OK, first let's talk about protocols. As I mentioned in the post about the main about IVF protocols used in New Zealand, there are basically three possible protocols that are used for poor responders, and 1. The "long protocol" is NOT one of them. The main options for poor responders are:
2. The microdose flare – usual starting protocol for high FSHers and women over 40. It's less likely to oversuppress poor responders than the long protocol.
Usually but not always starts with a course of BCPs (birth control pills) for about three weeks, then you stop for a couple of days, then start your microdose course of Buserelin (this gives your ovaries a kickstart or 'flare'), then a day or two later you start your stims (Gonal F injections). As with the long protocol, you stim for about 10 days with scans and blood tests every 2-3 days. When your follies are ready, you are instructed to take a trigger injection and turn up for egg collection about 36 hours later.
3. The antagonist protocol another option for high FSHers, poor responders and older women. Often the first choice protocol for these women, but in NZ it's typically tried only after the flare protocol has given a weak response because the drugs are cheaper for the flare.
Usually starts with a mild pre-cycle suppression course of estradiol valerate (E2V) from CD21 or 7dpo the previous cycle (you can ttc on your own the previous cycle; this won't affect a pregnancy); when AF (your period) arrives this is counted as Day 1 and you may be asked to go in for a baseline scan to check that you have no cysts, your antral follicles are ready to go and no big dominant follicles; on CD2 you start stimming, having bloods and scans every 2-3 days. When your lead follicle reaches 14mm, you start Cetrotide (the antagonist that stops you ovulating too soon). When your follies are ready, you are instructed to take a trigger injection and turn up for egg collection about 36 hours later.
4. The Modified Colorado protocol (a.k.a. The "Wellington")
"As an adjunct to standard IVF or TER for patients with recurrent implantation failure who have had no problems identified following a recurrent implantation failure screen. The Wellington is a treatment that in theory will improve the lining of the uterus to aid implantation of the embryo."
Stim Options
OK, having discussed with your specialist which protocol to try first – and don't forget to ask what he/she would try next if the first one works very poorly! – the next question to discuss is what to use to stimulate your ovaries. The usual default is to start with straight Gonal F; if that doesn't work well, you might raise the possibility of adding something else as well. The options are:
- Straight Gonal F (or Puregon) – this is pure FSH
- Combination of Gonal F (or Puregon) and Luveris (pure LH)
- Combination of clomiphene (Clomid) and Gonal F or Puregon
Dose Options
There are two diametrically opposed schools of thought among specialists when it comes to how to treat poor responders. They are basically:
1. SHOUTING: High FSH means your ovaries do not respond well to IVF stim drugs. It's like having ovaries that are hard of hearing when it comes to stim drugs' message, so the best strategy is to shout at them very loudly (i.e. give you a high dose of stims). This might just get you an extra egg or two. IVF is a numbers game, so more eggs improve your odds.
2. Coaxing: Women with high FSH often have eggs that are more fragile, especially if they are 'older' as well. High doses of stims simply 'fry' those eggs. If you have high FSH/low AMH, you are going to be a poor responder, so it's a waste of time going after quantity; the best strategy is to go for quality. You can't actually improve egg quality per se, but you can avoid damaging eggs with high doses of stims by using very low stim protocols. 'Low stim' usually means 75-150IU/day. [I'll write more sometime about the details of some interesting low-stim protocols used overseas.]
Which of these makes more sense for you? Well, the body of research is building but still hasn't yielded a definitive answer. My own observations over several years (talking to high FSH women and watching who achieved success and who didn't, plus reading the empirical research) have been that the only high FSH successes on high stim IVF seem to be women under the age of 40. The vast majority of high FSH IVF successes over age 40 seem to be low stim (with a few exceptions). Younger women with high FSH can also do well on low stims. This isn't scientific research; just my own observations based on a lot of cases I have known about internationally.
Having said that, the New Zealand definition of 'max stims' (usually 300IU) is actually more like 'medium stims' internationally. In the States, 'high stim' generally means 600IU or more, and there are (believe it or not) some total egg-frying protocols that crank it all the way up to 900IU.
My own hunch is that if you are under 40 OR if you have a reasonably decent antral follicle count, consider giving 300IU (or 450IU) a shot. But if that doesn't get you decent numbers or, if embryo quality looks poor, consider a switch to low stim for your next try.
If you're self-pay, there's a cost advantage to low stims as well.
Tags: antagonist, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), flare, High FSH / low AMH / poor responders, IVF - In Vitro Fertilisation, IVF protocols, low AMH, poor responders, protocols, stims, treatments, women over 40


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Modern Table Lamps for Living Room There are plenty of options for family room floors, and you can choose from stone, wood and tiles or even cover the floor entirely or partly which has a carpet. A hair piece or carpet will create a soft and comfortable surface for that colder months. In cooler climates, it%u2019s recommended to get a soft furnishing to include some extra comfort. Also wooden furniture may be used timelessly and gives the impression of chic and classy. Good quality wooden floor could be perfect for your living room but requires high maintenance.
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In no way does Pulpinup.com claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.


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- Home
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Downtown Master Plan
The City of Greenville has hired Urban Design Associates, an international urban design and architecture firm headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to develop a strategic master plan for downtown Greenville. The objectives of the plan are to attract and retain businesses, residents, and visitors while ensuring the uniqueness and authenticity of downtown; position downtown for the attraction and retention of a workforce for the new economy, and continue the right blend of development and redevelopment.
The planning process is expected to take six months and the project team will work with a variety of downtown stakeholders - including property owners, residents, businesses, developers, philanthropies and elected officials - to develop a unified vision and comprehensive implementation strategy. In addition to Urban Design Associates, the project team will also include Hawkins Partners (landscape architecture/public space design); HR&A Advisors (market analysis); Thomas & Hutton (civil engineering); and Walker Parking (parking strategy).
Area of Study
Downtown Greenville, South Carolina
Click on the image above to see the expanded view.
Early 2019
Community Meeting #1: Public Open House & Summer Garden Party
Wednesday, June 20, 2018 - 5:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Tate Plaza at Falls Park (Covered area outside Spill the Beans)
*In the event of inclement weather, the open house will be held in the 1st floor conference room of City Hall
At this informal, drop-in style open house, the public will have an opportunity to meet representatives from Urban Design Associates and share their ideas and opinions about the future of downtown, including its buildings, streets, park spaces and uses. Light refreshments will be served.
Additional Meetings to be announced.


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|Is Opium a Real Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer or Just a Methodological Artifact? Hospital and Neighborhood Controls in Case-Control Studies
Shakeri, Ramin; Kamangar, Farin; Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush; Nouraie, Mehdi; Khademi, Hooman; Etemadi, Arash; Islami, Farhad; Marjani, Hajiamin; Fahimi, Saman; Sepehr, Alireza; Rahmati, Atieh; Brennan, Paul; Boffetta, Paolo; Malekzadeh, Reza; Majdzadeh, Reza; Abnet, Christian C.; Dawsey, Sanford M.
Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors.
|Shakeri, Ramin, Farin Kamangar, Dariush Nasrollahzadeh, Mehdi Nouraie, Hooman Khademi, Arash Etemadi, Farhad Islami, et al. 2012. Is opium a real risk factor for esophageal cancer or just a methodological artifact? Hospital and neighborhood controls in case-control studies. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32711.
|Full Text & Related Files:
3291619.pdf (99.82Kb; PDF)
|Background: Control selection is a major challenge in epidemiologic case-control studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate using hospital versus neighborhood control groups in studying risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared the results of two different case-control studies of ESCC conducted in the same region by a single research group. Case definition and enrollment were the same in the two studies, but control selection differed. In the first study, we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from inpatient subjects in hospitals, while for the second we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from each subject's neighborhood of residence. We used the test of heterogeneity to compare the results of the two studies. We found no significant differences in exposure data for tobacco-related variables such as cigarette smoking, chewing Nass (a tobacco product) and hookah (water pipe) usage, but the frequency of opium usage was significantly different between hospital and neighborhood controls. Consequently, the inference drawn for the association between ESCC and tobacco use did not differ between the studies, but it did for opium use. In the study using neighborhood controls, opium use was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17–2.68), while in the study using hospital controls, this was not the case (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.63–1.87). Comparing the prevalence of opium consumption in the two control groups and a cohort enrolled from the same geographic area suggested that the neighborhood controls were more representative of the study base population for this exposure. Conclusions/Significance: Hospital and neighborhood controls did not lead us to the same conclusion for a major hypothesized risk factor for ESCC in this population. Our results show that control group selection is critical in drawing appropriate conclusions in observational studies.
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New York City is the busiest place on earth. The relentless pace at which we lead our lives often leaves little time to organize other aspects of our lives. At WeOrganizeThat, we are able to see the possibilities and a home's potential. Let us help you and you'll be quite amazed.
New York City native, founder and owner Lorena Bello, is an authority on transforming homes and yielding the most out of a given space. Based in NYC and with a specific focus on Manhattan, WeOrganizeThat is uniquely dialed into what New Yorkers need and want.
The approach and service is comprehensive and it's something which clients truly appreciate. Step (1) is focused on helping a client declutter. Most individuals simply have too much stuff, which is then crammed into every nook and recess. Step (2) is dedicated to rebuilding the look and feel of one's home from the ground up. Step (3) is devoted to helping a client understand how their space was newly reorganize so that maintaining everything is seamless. Visit our CONTACT page to get started!


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Thanksgiving is a time to be grateful for family and friends, as everyone gathers to pig out on junk food, and then pass out in front of the television, only to wake up hours later from your tryptophan-induced coma to eat (more), drink (more), and be merry (ish).
Sound familiar? I thought so.
This year, rather than kick into auto pilot during the holiday season and allow others to decide what you are going to eat, take ownership of your health, just like you do every other day of the year. Show your loved ones the responsible, informed eater that you are, and inspire them to make changes in their lives too.
Because I know it's not easy to go it alone, here are some tips to make your Thanksgiving meal one your body will actually thank you for this year:
• Don't make everything from scratch. Tofurky, which can be purchased at almost any grocery store, is made with tofu and other natural ingredients, but you can add your own touch by glazing it with organic olive oil; fresh rosemary; garlic; orange juice; and raw, low-sodium shoyu sauce. Then, slice up several organic yellow onions, carrots and celery stalks and toss them into the pot for the last 15 minutes of baking. Voila! Tofurky done right. Also, deliciously.
• Rather than starve yourself in anticipation of gorging on the big meal, enjoy little bites throughout the day. Not only will it keep your metabolism working, it'll prevent you from feeling overly full, and eventually nauseous, following dinner. Graze on a handful of nuts, ideally an organic, raw mixture that includes almonds, walnuts, pecans, goji berries, green pistachios, and dried cranberries.
• Try to keep your blood sugar level stable throughout the day. Don't overdo it on the carbs or underdo it by not eating all day. This way, you won't freak out on your relatives when one (or two) if them inevitably says something that make you want to hurl a Tofurky roast at their head.
• Choose organic ingredients. Then, cook and prepare them with love. Some Imus family favorites include:
- Stuffing made from quinoa, millet, wild rice, rosemary & sage
- Vegan mushroom gravy
- Poached cranberry and apple dumplings
- Haricot verts (string beans) sautéed with olive oil, garlic, sea salt, with a splash of lemon juice and grated lemon zest
- Steamed brussel sprouts tossed with olive oil, sea salt, walnuts, dried cranberries, and a dash of cinnamon
- Warm, fluffy dinner rolls
- Cranberry-pomegranate relish
OK, no one is perfect…I need that darned canned cranberry sauce, too. Make sure the can you buy is organic and BPA-free.
For dessert, my favorites are mini vegan pecan pies made from scratch, served with vanilla coconut milk ice cream and accompanied by a steaming cup of hot chocolate, with shaved dark chocolate bits on top
Finally, if you're hosting the event, make sure to take time to sit and enjoy the feast you've prepared.
All too often we become preoccupied with perfecting a party, running around while everyone else relaxes. The point of the holiday is not turkey or stuffing, as pop culture would have us believe, but reconnecting with family and friends. Turkey or Tofurky, this is one piece of advice I hope you'll truly abide. Happy Thanksgiving!
Deirdre Imus is the Founder and President of The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center™ at Hackensack University Medical Center and Co-Founder/Director of the Imus Cattle Ranch for Kids with Cancer. She is a New York Times best-selling author and a frequent contributor to FoxNewsHealth.com, Fox Business Channel and Fox News Channel. Check out her website at dienviro.com.
Deirdre Imus, Founder of the site devoted to environmental health, www.ImusEnvironmentalHealth.org, is President and Founder of The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center® at Hackensack University Medical Center and Co-Founder/Co-Director of the Imus Cattle Ranch for Kids with Cancer. She is a New York Times best-selling author and a frequent contributor to FoxNewsHealth.com, and Fox Business Channel. Check out her website at www.ImusEnvironmentalHealth.org. Follow her on Twitter@TheGreenDirt and 'like' her Facebook page here.


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More and more women are reporting feeling tired most of the time, and it seems energy drinks are becoming a daily essential, but why drink those when there are so many ways to boost your energy, naturally? Start this year with plenty of energy by including these great energy-boosting foods – without an addictive sugary snack in sight! Here are 8 ways to boost your energy.
1. Brown Rice
Okay, so white rice is much easier to cook, and it takes less time. But the health benefits of picking brown rice instead just can't be ignored! It will keep you feeling fuller for longer, which is great for New Years' diets, it releases energy slowly and steadily to prevent an energy crash and it can help with stress and digestive problems too. Well worth that extra cooking time, I think, which is why it's earned the top spot on my list of ways to boost energy.


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Wirefly helps you save on cell phones and plans by offering innovative comparison tools so consumers can make educated choices. Start saving today with Wirefly!
Wirefly helps you save on Internet service by offering innovative comparison tools to compare Internet providers in your area.
Test your current internet connection with our speed test and see what services your provider can handle. Find out your download speed, upload speed, latency, and more.
Test Your Internet SpeedInternet Speed Test
Wirefly offers a comparison list of business internet providers in Florence, MT so you can find the best internet service for your business. Internet connectivity is a vital component of any business. In the current century, almost all businesses require internet connection for their operations and to increase their efficiency. Moreover, consumers use the internet to contact a business for inquiries. Leaving a message is often preferred to making a telephone because the message can be responded to later. You can use Wirely to compare different internet service providers in Florence, MT that suit your business needs.
|Download Speeds
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|Phone Number
| Speeds up to
60 Mbps
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|(855) 650-4212
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$10 - $109.98
|(844) 686-2613
Internet options in Florence, MT have evolved quite a bit over the past 20 years, and technology continues progressing further each year. Businesses that have been using a single type of ISP, may want to examine some of the new options. These companies may find that they have a chance at a major upgrade in services. Though, each type of internet connection does come with some drawbacks that businesses should be aware of. Some kinds of internet are efficient, but may not be as available or have a limited distribution network. Before making a choice, businesses need to figure out just what options are available in their region. The most popular kinds of internet service available include, cable, satellite, fixed wireless, fiber optic cable, T1, and DSL.
Business internet service in Florence, MT is not the only feature offered by most ISPs. Businesses can also get additional services bundled together. For convenience and savings, it's usually best to look for an ISP that provides the complete package of everything a business needs. This can include email, phone service, television, and business web hosting. Complete bundled packages are available from many ISPs, which can help businesses stay within their budget. Plus, ISPs may offer certain business services, like customer support. It keeps the costs of hiring in-house people to do the same job. Companies can also benefit from the experience of the expert IT people that ISPs provide for these services too. In the end, getting more features in a bundled package can lead to lower operating costs.
Companies in Florence, MT need an ISP that provides consultations to help them select the best service and features. A good ISP will provide an on-site consultation with an IT expert who will visit and assess the company's needs. Usually, the IT expert will suggest options that can improve business efficiency, such as upgrading existing technology or adding remote management of devices. The expert will also provide advice on how much bandwidth is required based on the number of company employees and the number of devices used.
It's maddening and detrimental for a business when it takes hours to upload and download crucial data. What's more, by selecting a slower speed to cut costs, a company may be working against their best interests. It doesn't help to cut costs and expect fantastic results. For full competency, a business must function proficiently during peak hours when operations can become extremely busy and take into account future growth.
Bandwidth caps and throttling are also important factors when it comes to Florence, MT business internet bandwidth and speed. A business should inquire whether an ISP restricts the download speed depending on the time of day. A company should also inquire about any other aspects that may result in limitation. It's important to consider the details of the internet service your business is signing up for. Many have restrictions included in the fine print.
In addition, a company should be leery of providers that offer diminutive security safeguards. A good business ISP in Florence, MT will offer anti-spam, anti-malware, anti-spyware defense, and anti-spam protections. The Internet provider should provide details of the quantity of protection available, mobile devices that can link to the system, and backup capabilities. Moreover, if the system breaks down, a competent provider should restore whatever was lost on the network via the backup. If the backup is located at the company site, it's probably time to shift to a cloud-based system.
Any ISP will supply at least basic assistance. However, more extensive support may prove necessary if a company cannot operate without internet access. For instance, a business might run a shopping website or provide shipping services in Florence, MT. Such a firm can benefit from using an ISP with 24-hour support. To evaluate the quality and speed of this assistance, business owners should call before signing up.
Service level agreements guarantee specific amounts of connection uptime. For example, a provider's SLA could assure businesses that they will be able to access the internet at least 99.9 percent of the time. The agreement also explains what happens if the ISP fails to deliver adequate uptime. Many companies deduct money from the monthly bill when this happens. This gives them a major incentive to prevent downtime.
Talk to fellow business owners and look at reviews of various business ISPs in Florence, MT. Some individuals post reviews after only using a provider briefly or researching it. Try to find recommendations from people who have used an ISP for long periods of time. They're more likely to know about the company's reliability and technical assistance. It's often riskier to try a new ISP with no track record.
The choices that you have are reliant on the location of the business, in this case, Florence, MT. Limited options should not prevent you from performing an in-depth analysis is still needed. It guarantees the business gets the best available service.
One also needs to determine if their ISP is prepared for new technological changes. Internet network technology is constantly evolving, and a competent ISP should upgrade their services to incorporate these changes. One of the upcoming technologies to look out for is IPv6, an internet protocol that was built to replace IPv4. IPv4 is limited on the number of devices it can support. IPv6 on the hand can support an unlimited number of devices. With the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and more devices getting connected to the internet IPv6 utilization is set to increase. IPv6 makes it easier to connect devices to the internet as each device can be assigned a public IP address. When selecting an ISP, it is vital to consider all the issues that have been discussed.
Wirefly offers great deals on a large selection of smartphones, cell phones, tablets, mobile hotspots, and other wireless devices for the nation's most popular carriers. Use Wirefly's innovative cell phone and plan comparison tools to ensure you are getting the best deal on the market. Shop with confidence knowing that Wirefly wants to help you find the best prices on cell phones, cell phone plans, TV, and Internet service.


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There were MANY MANY body bags lined up on both sides of the road, far more than we could count as I drove slowly through that one block. There were search dogs and many teams going through the rubble not far from the main road.


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Built in 2003, 890 8 Avenue is a 43-floor mixed residential & commercial structure (431,567 ft) in the Midtown area of Manhattan. The building is currently owned by The Marc Condominum.
Stealth's underground fiber-optic network is close to this building. To determine if Stealth can bring fiber-optics into the building, fill out the following form and our team will coordinate a building survey with you:


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Costs were kept low by imaginatively repurposing items such as electric cable reels into low stools. We believe that great design has more to do with creativity and imagination, than it does a large budget.
Brooklyn, New York (PRWEB) May 07, 2014
The New Design Project LLC, a Brooklyn based interior design practice run by former bankers, has recently completed the renovation of two single-family residential units in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan. For both projects, the emphasis was on delivering an impactful transformation of the space, in the most economical manner possible.
For the first renovation, The New Design Project was mandated by parent company The New Project Group LLC, a New York based owner-operator of individually designed furnished rental apartments, to transform a recently acquired unit on Manhattan's Upper East Side. "The apartment was dark, claustrophobic, and had not been updated for over 25 years, but we saw the potential," explains James Davison, Managing Partner of The New Project Group. "Since this is a business, every cent counts, so the brief to our designers was to create a beautiful, functioning space, as cost-effectively as possible."
"Removing a dividing wall between the kitchen and living room allowed light to flood in, while the choice of a monochrome palette throughout injected a new warmth into the space," explains Fanny Abbes, Creative Director of The New Design Project. "Costs were kept low by imaginatively repurposing items such as electric cable reels into low stools. We believe that great design has more to do with creativity and imagination, than it does a large budget. There's not a single piece of furnishing in the unit that cost more than $500," she proudly adds.
For the second renovation, The New Design Project was approached by a young professional couple looking to inject some urban charm into a bland, poorly laid-out apartment in the Cherokee Building on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. "To improve the footprint, we moved the galley-kitchen along the back wall of the open living area, and then created an accent with blue cabinets, a walnut countertop and a hexagon concrete tile backsplash," says Fanny Abbes. "Architectural interest was created by exposing the brick wall in the living room and retaining the old metal plaster supports. Our clients did not have a big budget, so we had to be creative in furnishing the space either with second hand pieces or things found in the street. The coffee table in the living room is an old repurposed window frame, and the side-tables in the bedroom are made out of concrete blocks," she explains.
The New Project Group is a New York based Real Estate Design and Development Company, founded in 2013 by former bankers, and husband and wife team, James Davison and Fanny Abbes. They own and operate individually designed furnished rental apartments and through their partner company The New Design Project, provide interior design, space planning and project management services to homeowners, commercial businesses and the hospitality sector. The New Design Project's work has already been showcased online in publications such as Apartment Therapy and Dwell, and has recently featured in a book published by Gestalten, showcasing the best of eclectic interiors from around the world, entitled "The Chamber of Curiosity: Apartment Design and the New Elegance." They are currently working on a number of other exciting projects in and around the New York City area.


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Our Mission since 1977 has been to create and deliver superior healthcare software solutions supporting optimum productivity while providing our customers with the finest in training, support, and services.
Our Vision since 1977 is to ensure that our software continues to be a leader in meeting the challenges and changes within the healthcare industry, and that upcoming and newly developed initiatives and requirements are both complied with - and can be taken full advantage of - by our customers.
Year Founded
Providers & Users!
EDI Transactions Annually
"ADS presents an almost peerless story in healthcare automation evolution. We began in 1977 and have never changed our name, have never been involved in acquisitions or mergers, and have never discontinued a product. Our clients love the loyalty factor, and the fact that we've remained an independent, privately owned company that's highly accessible by them. ADS is debt-free and self-contained with our own programmers, and with our own implementations, training, support and IT departments."
David Barzillai, Founder & President
Advanced Data Systems Corporation
The people are the "heart and soul" of ADS and make our company what it is. We hire hardworking and passionate people who want to be in an environment that fosters an entrepreneurial spirit. We strive to maintain an open culture in which everyone contributes and feels empowered to share ideas and opinions.
While we have grown tremendously over the years, our company's ownership and name remain constant, with a solidly committed staff representing hundreds of years of combined industry experience.


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Policies and Compliance
office for institutional diversity
Boston College is committed to the policies, principles and practices of equal opportunity, affirmative action and nondiscrimination in all of its activities, including, but not limited to employment. Boston College commits itself to maintaining a welcoming environment for all people and extends its welcome in particular to those who may be vulnerable to discrimination, on the basis of their race, ethnic or national origin, religion, color, age, gender, marital or parental status, sexual orientation, veteran status or disabilities.
The University, in its Notice of Nondiscrimination, has designated the Executive Director of the Office for Institutional Diversity, to coordinate its efforts to comply with and carry out its responsibilities to prevent discrimination in accordance with state and federal laws. Any applicant for admission or employment, and all students, faculty and staff, are welcome to raise any questions regarding this policy with the Office for Institutional Diversity.
Any person who believes that an act of unlawful discrimination has occurred at Boston College may raise this issue with the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights of the United States Department of Education. For more information about policy and compliance matters, follow the links to the left.


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New Arabian Studies Volume 4
Distributed for University of Exeter Press
New Arabian Studies is an international journal covering a wide spectrum of topics including geography, archaeology, history, architecture, agriculture, language, dialect, sociology, documents, literature and religion. It provides authoritative information intended to appeal to both the specialist and general reader. Both the traditional and the modern aspects of Arabia are covered, excluding contemporary controversial politics.
Contributions by
Hasan M. al-Naboodah, S. al-Theeb, Mohammed A. R. Al-Thenayian, Anne Katrine Bang, Peter G. Emery, Anda Hofstede, Alexander Knysh, Eric Macro, Mikhail Rodionov and Hamad Bin Seray
- Contents
- Review Quotes
Guidelines and Transliteration Scheme for Contributors
Review Notices
'This is an Announcement to the People…'—The Bayan of 1912 by Muhammad B. 'Ali Al-Idrisi in 'Asir
Anne Katrine Bang
Omani Proverbs: Problems in Translation
Peter G. Emery
Description of the Johnstone Papers held in the Palace Green Section of the University Library of Durham
Anda Hofstede
The Cult of saints and Islamic Reformism in Early Twentieth Century Hadramawt
Alexander Knysh
The Red Sea and Wyman Bury—The Last Seven Years, 1913-1920
Eric Marco
Banu Nabhan in the Omani Sources
Hasan M. al-Naboodah
The Labour Code of the Sultan 'Ali b. al-Mansur al-Kathiri, 1351/1932
Mikhail Rodionov
The Arabian Gulf in Syriac Sources
Hamad Bin Seray
The Native Land of the Banataeans
S. al-Theeb
A Preliminary Evaluation of Al-Rada'i's Urguzat al-Hagg as a Primary Geographical Source for Surveying the Yemeni Highland Pilgrim Route
Mohammed A.R. Al-Thenayian
Notes on Contributors
"It is strongly recommended that anyone interested in Arabia subscribe to this annual volume." –Yemen Update
"It is good that New Arabian Studies provides also a forum for the work of contemporary Arab scholars who have done research work in British universities before returning to posts within the Peninsula." –Royal Asiatic Society, Vol 10, Part 1, April 2000
"This volume, like its predecessors in this series, includes a variety of topics all relating to the Arabian Peninsula. We find articles on language and literature, dialect, geography, archaeology, history, architecture, agriculture, sociology, religion and documents. It also includes illustrations and reproduction of documents in facsimile form, where needed, to support the text. The journal's main aim is to make available to scholars with specializations in various aspects of Arabia new research findings, in addition to traditional themes treated separately or in joint anthologies and also to entice those living in or interested in Arabia to join researchers in making contributions of their own. . . It would be difficulty for this reviewer to generalize on the quality of articles in this volume of Arabian Studies. One can safely say that the authors are specialists in the fields they wrote about, either through training and basic research or through personal experience. Diversity in the topics enlisted reflects also the range of the journal's interests in research and publication on the Arabian peninsula. Generally, the authors have bequeathed the reader a wealth of first-hand data, regardless of the field of specialization, which scholars should find useful in carrying out their work. The editors, as usual, have done an excellent job in controlling the quality of transcription, even though more than one system was employed." –Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 44, Number 2 1999
"The standard is high and the spread impressive . . . Anyone concerned with Arabia will find things of interest here . . . Though the journal avoids current politics, the contributions are also valuable in following new events." –Asian Affairs
"The contributions are consistent in their scholarly level and the editors deserve congratulation on their judicious choice of material for inclusion. A high standard has been set and one can but wish New Arabian Studies every success for the future." –Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
You may purchase this title at these fine bookstores. Outside the USA, see our international sales information.


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The Baker Street Journal continues to be the leading Sherlockian publication since its founding in 1946 by Edgar W. Smith. With both serious scholarship and articles that "play the game," the Journal is essential reading for anyone interested in Sherlock Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and a world where it is always 1895.
Not yet a subscriber? Try reading some articles, view the table of contents, or check our FAQ.
Subscribe today to the most respected source of Sherlockian scholarship!
Our Latest IssueSpring 2018
e-Baker Street Journal v2PDF Archive 1946-2011


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Chalet Shangri-la sits peacefully on the hilltops of Les Moussoux, offering panoramic views across to the Mont Blanc Massif. Its serene and harmonious surroundings create the wonder that one would call Shangri-La, your "Heaven on Earth".
The Chalet Concierge along with our staff will work to create a first-class holiday experience for you and your guests prior to your arrival, as well as during your stay at this earthly paradise.
The Chalet is conveniently situated 400 meters from the Brevent lift station and a 10-minute walk from Chamonix town centre. A short car ride will take you to neighbouring ski areas and villages. A great vacation spot for all seasons!


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You Can't Detect What You Can't See: Illuminating the Entire Kill Chain
Usable for production: Icecast is ready for most production requirements. It's a mature project with a solid base for audio streaming. Streams provided with Icecast are enjoyed by anyone using software capable of listening to audio streams. For anyone looking to start a schedule audio stream for their podcast or even a full-on Web based radio stream, Icecast is a strong candidate.
Blender -- Two parts 3D modeler and one part video editor - Blender is an amazing software application. This 3D rendering software is capable of rendering 3D models, wire frame models, and even 3D animated movies. Blender has been compared to Maya based on its capabilities.
Perhaps the biggest strength Blender presents is that it runs great on Linux and on closed source operating systems as well. Once you're familiar with the software, there isn't much this software can't do.
Usable for production: Blender isn't merely ready for production use, it's highly recommended. This software has been used successfully to make TV commercials, create assets for film and allow digital professional to create amazing things.
Lightworks -- Unlike other Linux compatible NLEs (non-linear editors), Lightworks has been used to create Hollywood movies seen by millions. Like with any video editor, there is a workflow to get used to. It's not going to feel natural to someone coming from Final Cut. However, once the layout and controls are mastered, Lightworks is a solid video editor capable of producing high-end production media.
Usable for production: The catch with using Lightworks is you'll get what you pay for. The free version will allow you to edit video and export it to YouTube friendly formats. Unfortunately you won't get the ability to export your creations into a more professional format. That functionality among other advanced features is left to the paid version. That said, the cost is made very affordable thanks to the option of paying a small fee monthly or paying all at once. With the paid pro version, Lightworks is indeed ready for serious production work.
Now you might have noticed previously I neglected to include changing workflow in my list of hurdles to overcome. The reason for this is simple – a new workflow is a self-imposed barrier. I also neglected to mention software such as Audacity, OpenShot and Kdenlive. As important as those software titles are, the fact is most of them are not really comparable to the applications I listed above.
I believe software such as OpenShot, Audacity and Kdenlive are fantastic for producing podcasts. These are titles I rely on myself. But for studios with a budget, it's tough to beat Lightworks, Blender, Icecast and OBS. These application titles are ready for prime time assuming the end-user is willing to put in the time to learn how to use them.
What say you? Are you left feeling that even with the available software Linux remains behind? Perhaps there are software tools you rely on more than those I've listed -- tools such as FFmpeg for example. Hit the Comments and share your experiences.
Photo courtesy of Shutterstock.
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Today's charts: Refinery stocks gain, insurers fall in wake of Harvey; Amazon slashes Whole Foods prices
Wall Street's bracing for the economic impact of Hurricane Harvey as investors gauge the damage and destruction of the storm.
Gasoline prices are rallying after Harvey knocked refiners offline. According to Goldman Sachs, about 16.5% of total U.S. refining capacity was disrupted. The outages will limit the availability of crude and gas, and it likely means consumers will be paying higher prices at the pump.
Energy stocks react to Hurricane Harvey destruction
Massive flooding forced oil giant Exxon (XOM) to close its Baytown refinery, the second largest refinery in the country, while Royal Dutch Shell (RDS-A) closed its Deer Park refinery and chemical plant in Houston. Both stocks are trading lower as of 12:40 p.m. ET on Monday. Refiners that took their production offline include Valero (VLO), Citgo, Phillips 66 (PSX) and Marathon Petroleum (MPC).
Insurers drop as investors evaluate damage from Harvey
Insurance stocks are taking a hit in intraday trading on Monday as Wall Street weighs the damage from Hurricane Harvey. Progressive (PGR) and Infinity Property and Casualty Corp (IPCC) each saw their stocks drop more than 2.5% in midday trading. Allstate (ALL) and Mercury General (MCY) were among several other insurers that also posted losses on Monday.
Amazon closes deal with Whole Foods, cuts prices on grocery items
Amazon (AMZN) officially closed its $13.7 billion deal to buy Whole Foods, and one of the e-commerce giant's first orders of business was slashing prices on several Whole Foods items. Atlantic salmon fillet is now $5 cheaper than it was previously in Manhattan. Organic Gala apples, organic bananas, fresh and farm raised tilapia filets and organic avocados are among some of the other items that got a price cut.
For more on Monday's big stock movers and breaking news after the bell, check out The Final Round, starting at 3:55 p.m. ET, on Yahoo Finance.


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Itomic offers a reliable and hassle free Website Hosting service to display your website content for the world to see 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Website Hosting Packages
See the chart below for a basic summary of Itomic's Website Hosting packages. If the detail you're looking for isn't listed, please contact us to discuss your requirements.
All prices quoted are in Australian Dollars (AUD$) and include Goods and Services Tax (GST), unless otherwise stated.
All prices are subject to change without prior notice. New prices apply only when accounts come up for renewal.
Features of all Website Hosting packages
All Itomic Website Hosting packages include:
- Automated daily, weekly, and monthly backups
In the rare event that something happens to your site, backups ensure downtime is short and data not lost.
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Ensures your site can handle large amounts of traffic without additional cost.
- Optional SSL Certificate (Secure Server)
Secures transactions for your website visitors. Contact us for pricing details.
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text: Where in the world are you going? With the available voice-activated touch-screen DVD navigation system in the 2011-2012 Toyota 4Runner, you'll always know. Options shown. Not all features available on all vehicles and model grades. Please see your Owner's Manual for further details and important safety information. Toyota USA SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/ToyotaSubscribe About Toyota: We're in the business of making great cars and trucks. But we also work every day to apply and share our know-how in ways that benefit people, the community and our planet in order to build a better tomorrow. We've been a part of life in America for over 50 years. And while we're passionate about making great cars and trucks, our story is about much more than our vehicles. Connect with Toyota USA online: Visit the Toyota WEBSITE: http://bit.ly/ToyotaSite Like Toyota on FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ToyotaUSAFB Follow Toyota on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ToyotaTwitter Follow Toyota on INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ToyotaInsta +1 Toyota on GOOGLE+: http://bit.ly/ToyotaUSAGplus 4Runner How-To: Voice-Activated Touch-Screen DVD Navigation System | 2011-2012 4Runner | Toyota http://www.youtube.com/user/ToyotaUSA


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I have no idea how this happened but somehow our little girl is turning 30 today! It was just yesterday that she was this little doll in a bonnet. Now she's a wife and mommy of 2 precious little ones, a wonderful daughter, granddaughter and great granddaughter.
Lindsay, we are so thankful that God loaned you to us 30 years ago and for the blessing you are!!
Happy Birthday!!
We love you!!!
Mom, Dad and the boys


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NOW THAT the hostages have been returned from Beirut, I believe the next move is to demand of those Lebanese bandits the safe return of seven Americans kidnapped over the last 18 months. This could be in exchange for the release of the remaining Shiite prisoners Israel is holding.
The Israelis have returned some prisoners and could endear themselves to their American friends evermore if they suggested the trade. Let's get on with it.
Joseph Brody


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- Woodworking
- Metalworking
- Power Tools
- Dust Collection
- Hand Tools
- Cutting Tools
- Air Tools
- Clamps
- Shop Essentials
- Router Bits
- Misc. Tools
- New Products
- Outlet Store
5 Pack 9", 8/14TPI General Purpose Recip Blade
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5 per Pack


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After President Aguinos term, the next elected president was Fidel Valdez Ramos, with Joseph Estrada as his vice-president. He took his oath of presidency on 27 July 1992.
Ramos was the first Protestant president of the country. Nevertheless, he served the people without bias towards any religion. He is the son of Narciso Ramos, a politician, and Angela Valdez, a teacher in Lingayen, Pangasinan. He finished engineering at the National University, and took his masters at the University of Illinois. He also studied at the West Point Academy. He began his service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines as second lieutenant until he became the AFP Vice-Chief-of-Staff. This was his position when he and Juan Ponce Enrile defected to the EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986.
Corazon C. Aquino was born on 25 January 1933 in Manila. She was the daughter of Jose Cojuangco Sr. of Tarlac and Demetria Sumulong of Rizal. She studied in Manila and finished a bachelors degree in French and Mathematics in Mount Saint Vincent College, New York, in 1953. She was the widow of the late Benigno S. Aquino Jt., the opposition party leader during the Marcos regime.
After the EDSA People Power Revolution, Corazon Aquino served as the president of the Philippines. She founded a transitory revolutionary government since the success of the People Power Revolution was a clear denouncement of 1973 Constitution by the people.
Manuel Luis Quezon, the boy from Baler, Tayabas, who became President of the Philippine Commonwealth was born on Aug. 19, 1878, to parents who were schoolteachers. He studied at San Juan de Letran where he became a popular student, athlete, class orator and leader. He graduated with bachelor of arts degree and a surveyor-land appraiser title.
He was studying law at the University of Santo Tomas when the Philippine revolution interrupted his studies. He joined the insurgents and rose to the rank of major; after the war, he finished law and became a lawyer in 1903.
Quezon practiced law, was named Mindoro provincial fiscal; then he joined the Nationalista party, was elected councilor, then governor, he became Philippine resident commissioner to the U.S. obtained from the U.S. Congress the Jones Law promising Philippine independence. Upon return to the Philippines, he was senator.


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You knew it was going to happen. How could it not? "Saturday Night Live" did its own version of Ylvis' monster hit, "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)," with Kerry Washington no less.
And of course, it's gone viral. How could it not?
Host Washington and SNL's Jay Pharoah teamed up as a girlfriend who suspects her boyfriend of cheating for a hysterical parody called "What Does My Girl Say?"
Well, she says "who that, who that, who that b***h," and "I got you, got you, got you pow."
Watch it below.mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen>


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Important skills for a project manager include communication, organization, leadership, problem solving and knowledge of metrics. These skills are essential for a project manager to be effective in her role of ensuring that project deliverables meet specifications, achieve quality standards and that the project reaches completion on time and within budget.Continue Reading
The majority of a project manager's time involves communicating. She must get the project requirements from the top stakeholders and pass them on to the project team in terms that team members from various disciplines can understand. She must manage stakeholder expectations and may need to negotiate project scope, costs and deadlines. To ensure that everyone is on the same page and remains focused on the tasks at hand, the project manager facilitates team meetings. Communication skills also help in resolving conflicts.
Organizational skills include planning, prioritizing, time management and ensuring every team member has the resources he needs to do his job. Budgeting and setting project completion milestones also require good organizational skills.
Leadership skills help sustain stakeholder commitment and support. The project manager also uses leadership to motivate and guide team members. Good leadership makes facilitation of meetings smoother. Decision making is another facet of leadership; project managers must exercise sound judgment in making effective decisions.
Knowledge of metrics is essential to tracking the progress and success of the project, and for writing project status reports for upper management. Metrics can also help identify problems as they form, so that the project manager can intervene and resolve them quickly.Learn more about Career Aspirations


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This post includes 3 different things: an organizational suggestion, a blogger feature, and a new product feature for 1st grade teachers.
After they are sorted, I stick them back into the organizers and all stacks of paper are out of the way for the entire week.
Stacks of copies for:
Morning work, centers, spelling list, newsletter, math practice, early finishers packets, Language practice etc.
I look at my lesson plans, and according to my day's plans, I put those copies into the planned day.
Blogger Feature:
Ashley Hughes at School Supply Addict has featured me on her blog today.
She has become my newest favorite clip artist, so this is truly an honor for her to feature me.
She is a fellow Kentucky girl, so you should definitely check her blog and TPT store out!!
Check out Ashley's blog and TPT!
New Product Feature:
Last night, I completed Set 4 of my First Grade Morning Work/Homework packs. Sets 1-3 will be uploaded by Wednesday! Set 4 will work for Quarter 4 for most first grade classrooms following Common Core, so if you're a 1st grade teacher, check it out!
Also, if you click the download preview, you can get a freebie sample!