text:
|Press Release
Fifty-seventh General Assembly
Fourth Committee
15th Meeting (PM)
Approves Text Designating 29 May International Day of UN Peacekeepers
As one of the most war-ravaged continents, Africa's peacekeeping capacity must be enhanced, the Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) was told, as it concluded its consideration of the comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping this afternoon.
The representative of Nigeria said that enhancing the capacity of Africa's traditional troop-contributing countries to provide equipped, trained and high-quality peacekeepers must be one of the major preoccupations of the Committee, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the entire United Nations system. As a major stakeholder and troop-contributor, the issue of restructuring the Department was particularly important to Nigeria. Reforms had enabled the Department to be better staffed, equipped and prepared to carry out its onerous task of supporting peacekeeping and peace support operations. Against the heavy investment made by Member States in strengthening and enhancing its capacity, however, a critical evaluation of the Department's gains was needed.
Senegal's representative highlighted the need to strengthen cooperation between the United Nations, the African Union and subregional organizations in the areas of conflict prevention, management and resolution. The African continent continued to witness tensions and conflicts severely limiting its potential for economic development. In that regard, the international community needed to support the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), which gave priority to the promotion of peace and good governance.
Developing Africa's peacekeeping capacity would require greater resources and attention, Malawi's representative said. At the operational level, the Department's staff must be infused with African military and policy experts. There was also a compelling need to shift from a culture of reaction to one of prevention through vigilance and rapid deployment. The culture of prevention must, he said, be institutionalized within the framework of the United Nations system and regional cooperation.
Following the conclusion of its peacekeeping debate, the Fourth Committee also approved a draft resolution on the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. By the terms of the text, the General Assembly would decide to designate 29 May as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. [The
Day marks the establishment of the first United Nations peacekeeping operation --
the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in the Middle East -- on 29 May 1948.]
According to the terms of the draft resolution, approved without a vote, the International Day would be observed annually to pay tribute to all men and women who have served and continue to serve in United Nations peacekeeping operations for their high level of professionalism, dedication and courage. It would also honour the memory of those who have lost their lives in the cause of peace.
At the conclusion of today's debate, the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, Jean-Marie Guéhenno said that many of the countries represented in the Committee had paid a heavy tribute to peacekeeping in the past 50 years. Peacekeeping was the most concrete expression of the solidarity of nations represented at the United Nations. Its legitimacy and strengths depended on that solidarity. While progress had been achieved, peacekeeping was an unfinished business and would always be so, because the challenges at hand would not disappear.
The representatives of Syria, Cyprus, Guatemala, Nepal, Yugoslavia, Slovakia, and Sri Lanka also spoke in the general debate this afternoon.
Speaking in the exercise of the right of reply were the representatives of Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus.
The Committee will meet again at 3 p.m. Tuesday, 29 October, to begin its consideration of questions relating to information.
As the Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) met this afternoon, it was expected to conclude its general debate of the comprehensive review of the whole question of peacekeeping operations. [For background information, see Press Release GA/SPD/244 of 18 October 2002.]
The Committee had before it a draft resolution on the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers (document A/C.4/57/L.8). By the terms of the text, the General Assembly would decide to designate 29 May as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. [Security Council resolution 50 (1948) of 29 May 1948 authorized the establishment of the first United Nations peacekeeping operation. 2003 will mark the fifty-fifth anniversary of United Nations peacekeeping.]
By the terms of the text, the International Day would be observed annually to pay tribute to all men and women who have served and continue to serve in United Nations peacekeeping operations for their high level of professionalism, dedication and courage. It would also honour the memory of those who have lost their lives in the cause of peace.
Also according to the text, the assembly would invite all Member States, organizations of the United Nations system, non-governmental organizations and individuals to observe the International Day in an appropriate manner. It would also request the Secretary-General to bring the draft resolution to the attention of all Member States and organizations of the United Nations system.
LOUAY FALLOUH (Syria) said that United Nations peacekeeping constituted an important tool for the maintenance of international peace and security. Peacekeeping played a vital role in diffusing tension and resolving disputes. Examples of success included Sierra Leone, East Timor, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Prevlaka. He hoped that peacekeeping operations would extend to other dispute areas that had been neglected, including Somalia. While peacekeeping operations were not a substitute for a lasting settlement, they were a provisional measure to prevent the exacerbation of disputes. Peacekeeping operations should be time-bound, however, and they must abide by the principles of the United Nations Charter, including the non-use of force, impartiality and respect for the sovereignty of the State involved.
United Nations peacekeeping had started more than 50 years ago in the Middle East, he said. Operations in that region continued to play a vital role there. Regrettably, peace still eluded the region, since Israel continued to occupy the Arab territories and continued its policies of settlement and surpressing the rights of the Arab peoples in the Arab lands. Syria appreciated the sacrifices of the peacekeeping units in the Middle East. He also appreciated the relationship between the United Nations Secretariat and the Permanent Mission of Syria.
He said Syria supported the statement made on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, which stressed the need for compliance with the principles of the Charter, rapid deployment, recruitment, the payment of arrears and transparency in choosing forces from States willing to contribute them. On the issue of procurement, notwithstanding slight improvements in the system, most procurement operations were carried out in the developed countries. He stressed the importance of increasing procurement from the developing countries. The full implementation of Security Council resolution 1353 would contribute to strengthening cooperation between the Security Council, the Secretariat and troop-contributing countries in planning and organizing missions.
MENELAOS MENELAOU (Cyprus) said that much discussion had been carried out in recent years on the issue of United Nations peacekeeping reform and, while the latest overall peacekeeping process offered many sound recommendations on how to improve and strengthen the internal structures, organization and mechanisms of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, it was now time to turn attention to the peacekeeping operations themselves.
Reminding the Committee of the fact that Cyprus hosted one of the first established peacekeeping operations, he said that there had been no progress in the situation due to a lack of political will on the Turkish Cypriot side. His Government had proposed to work on demining the buffer zone as a demonstration of its political will for a peaceful settlement to the Cyprus problem. It had also proceeded with the destruction of 4,500 small arms.
The attendance of more than 7,500 people at a United Nations Day event on 21 October 2002 manifested the desire of Greek and Turkish Cypriots alike to end division and to live together as a member of the European Union, respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, without discrimination. The time for a just and viable solution to the Cyprus problem was long overdue. Such a solution would free resources, through demilitarization, which could be used for the reconstruction of the island.
MONICA BOLANOS-PÉREZ (Guatemala) said her country's special interest in peacekeeping operations stemmed from the functions discharged by the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA). Guatemala recognized the fundamental nature of the role played by MINUGUA as the body responsible for verifying the fulfilment of the peace agreements concluded in December 1996. The phase that had followed the effective end of the conflict had been full of both challenges and hope. In that phase, MINUGUA had constituted a catalysing element, which had facilitated the transition to peace within the broad terms of its mandate. That mandate, which widened in 1997, included verification, facilitation, public information and good offices. The agreement continued to be a work in progress that involved advances, as well as setbacks. MINUGUA's presence in Guatemala had been a vital factor in the process.
The Department of Peacekeeping Operations was engaged in important reforms, she said. Much progress had been made in designing structures capable of strengthening action and improving the Department's capacity. There was still work to be done, however. The United Nations must be able to deploy operations in a rapid and effective manner. The Organization must be in a position to manage and analyze information relevant to its role in the area of peace and security. Reinforcing the capacity for rapid deployment was a crucial element for the success of peace operations. She favoured the consultation process that the Secretariat was carrying out with Member States. She also invited the Secretariat to seek solutions for the needs of funding, equipment and personnel to accomplish deployment goals. Safety of United Nations personnel was a matter of concern to Member States. She urged the Department to continue working together with the Office of the United Nations Security Coordinator to achieve greater progress in planning, training of personnel and the provision of reliable equipment.
MALICK THIERNO SOW (Senegal) said that considerable strides had been made in adopting the reforms recommended in Security Council Resolution 1353 and in the Special Committee's report. Senegal was an ardent supporter of strengthening cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union and subregional organizations in the realms of conflict prevention, management and resolution. However, the African continent continued to witness tensions and conflicts severely limiting its potential for economic development. In that regard, the international community needed to support the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), which gave priority to the promotion of peace and good governance.
In accord with the statement made by the representative of Jordan on behalf of the non-aligned countries, he underlined the crucial importance of maintaining order and the primacy of law, as well as the program of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Given its delicacy, the issue of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration required the fullest attention, to adopt effective measures to turn current trends around.
Also of importance was the issue of reimbursements due to Member States contributing troops to peacekeeping operations, he added. The Special Committee's recommendations to make sure that disbursements were issued on time should be implemented. The credibility of the organization depended on it. It was also important that all Member States conform with their financial obligations.
MALICK THIERNO SOW (Senegal) said that considerable strides had been made in adopting the reforms recommended in Security Council Resolution 1353 and in the Special Committee's report. Senegal was an ardent supporter of strengthening cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union and subregional organizations in the realms of conflict prevention, management and resolution. However, the African continent continued to witness tensions and conflicts severely limiting its potential for economic development. In that regard, the international community needed to support the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), which gave priority to the promotion of peace and good governance.
In accord with the statement made by the representative of Jordan on behalf of the non-aligned countries, he underlined the crucial importance of maintaining order and the primacy of law, as well as the program of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Given its delicacy, the issue of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration required the fullest attention, to adopt effective measures to turn current trends around.
Also of importance was the issue of reimbursements due to Member States contributing troops to peacekeeping operations, he added. The Special Committee's recommendations to make sure that disbursements were issued on time should be implemented. The credibility of the organization depended on it. It was also important that all Member States conform with their financial obligations.
ISHAYA ISAH HASSAN (Nigeria) said that as a stakeholder and major troop-contributing country, Nigeria identified itself with the achievements made in maintaining global peace and security and recognized the unflinching commitment of the Secretariat, troop contributions, stakeholders and other partners. The highest respect should be paid to the Blue Helmets, who had served and paid the highest price in the service of world peace. Yet, it was important to recognize that much remained to be done; the increase in conflicts within and between States and the rising tide of terrorism were worrisome.
The issue of restructuring the Department was particularly important to Nigeria, he said. Reforms had enabled the Department to be better staffed, equipped and prepared to carry out its onerous task of supporting peacekeeping and peace support operations. However, there should also be a critical evaluation of the gains of the Department against the heavy investment made by Member States in strengthening and enhancing its capacity. Nigeria supported the call for expanding the universality of on-call lists. As a major stakeholder in United Nations peacekeeping, Nigeria had already forwarded their nomination for the military and civilian police on-call list.
Enhancing the capacity of Africa's traditional troop-contributing countries to provide equipped, trained and high-quality peacekeepers must be one of the major preoccupations of the Committee, the Department and, indeed, the United Nations, he added. The role of the Best Practices Unit should not be seen only in the context of closed missions, but should also consider current missions to formulate principles, guidelines and policies for future use. Moreover, there was a need for the expeditious payment of all reimbursements owed to troop contributors, to enable them to meet their administrative and operational commitments, and for all Member States to pay their outstanding assessed contributions. On the subject of recruitment, it should be conducted in accordance with the principles of transparency, geographic representation and gender balance.
I.C. LAMBA (Malawi) said he was pleased with the progress that the Department had made in carrying out some of the major recommendations of the Brahimi Panel Report. He commended the Department for the tasks performed in Sierra Leone and for its sterling performance in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in the areas of police reform, restructuring and capacity-building in the administrative and judicial areas. He affirmed Malawi's support for continued engagement in peacekeeping initiatives. There was a need, however, to institutionalize the culture of prevention, within the framework of the United Nations system and regional cooperation. There was compelling need to shift from a culture of reaction to one of prevention through vigilance and rapid deployment.
The safety and security of United Nations personnel remained a major concern, he continued. Given the urgency of the issue, mechanisms to conduct investigations into attacks against personnel and to prosecute alleged perpetrators was needed. That could only be achieved with the cooperation and support of States hosting peacekeeping missions. Regarding incidents of misconduct, Malawi welcomed the Under-Secretary-General's proposals for tightening discipline. Intensive pre-assignment briefings and orientation seminars, as well as a code of conduct, were important ingredients in keeping field personnel under control.
He welcomed the engagement between troop-contributing countries and the Department on matters of discipline, reimbursement of troop costs and contingent-owned equipment, and rapid deployment. The Security Council should coordinate with troop-contributing countries on Strategic Deployment Stocks. More attention and resources must be devoted to developing Africa's peacekeeping capacity. At the operational level, the Department's Headquarters staff must be infused with African military and policy experts. He called for adequate training of peacekeeping personnel. Such training ought to promote technical competence, as well as an understanding of local cultures and dynamics.
MURARI RAJ SHARMA (Nepal) said that, despite major reforms, the United Nations' peacekeeping record remained mixed. The process to make peacekeeping more effective, efficient, better managed and coordinated needed to continue. While missions had become more innovative, multi-disciplinary and robust, the Security Council still lacked sufficient transparency in its work and substantive consultation with troop-contributing countries. Many missions lacked clear benchmarks for success, exit strategies and were ill-managed and planned.
Furthermore, there were four major areas of concern in peacekeeping, he said. First, some peacekeepers had behaved badly. Second, many poor countries willing to contribute troops were left out because they failed to meet the self-sustaining requirements. Third, there was continued delay in reimbursing troop and equipment costs. Fourth, and most serious, a form of apartheid was emerging as most senior officials were from developed nations, while the poor nations did the difficult and dangerous work.
To address the issues, he said that the report of the Special Committee should be fully implemented. There needed to be clear rules of engagement and a code of conduct. The United Nations needed to help developing countries bridge the resource gap, to train troops and to develop rapid deployment capacity. To achieve optimal results, an environment of genuine cooperation between the troop-contributing countries, the Security Council and the Secretariat was necessary. Peace-building was essential to make peace permanent, and should not be neglected.
MARIJA ANTONIJEVIC (Yugoslavia) said the current session was marked by the reaffirmation of the primary role of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security. To enable the United Nations to safeguard international peace and security, the Organization's capacity to conduct peacekeeping operations should be further strengthened. A precondition for a successful peacekeeping operation was a clearly defined mandate, based on the consensus of all interested parties. The resources allocated to an operation should be adequate to meet its objectives. The process of planning and managing peacekeeping operations must be further improved. Special attention should be given to the enhancement of the Department's capability for strategic planning and analysis. She welcomed the announcement that the Best Practices Unit would be fully functioning by the end of the year.
The successful management of peacekeeping operations required a more integrated approach, she added. Cooperation between the Department and other parts of the United Nations system must be fostered. The Secretariat should continue to work towards the goal of rapid deployment within 30 days of mandate adoption, and 90 days for complex peacekeeping operations. The nature of peacekeeping had changed in recent years. Mandates were more complex and included such tasks as conflict-prevention and post-conflict reconstruction. As the host country for the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), it was Yugoslavia's conviction that many issues within the mandate of a peacekeeping operation should be addressed only in cooperation with a host country, including those related to conflict prevention and post-conflict reconstruction.
ANDREJ DROBA (Slovakia) said that on the issue of rapid deployment, welcome progress had been made in many areas. Slovakia was supportive of recent changes to the United Nations Standby Arrangements System, which represented a step forward in utilizing Member States' capabilities in the early stages of a mission's deployment. Although the ongoing reform of her armed forces meant that it was difficult for Slovakia to allocate units to the Standby Arrangements System before all changes were in effect, he reaffirmed a strong commitment to United Nations peacekeeping operations, participation in which was enshrined in the military strategy of the Slovak Republic. Despite the demands of the ongoing reforms, Slovakia contributed troops, military observers and equipment to seven peacekeeping operations, he said.
Recognizant of the increasing role of civilian police in current United Nations peacekeeping activities, he added that the Slovak Parliament had adopted a law allowing for the participation of the Slovak civilian police in peacekeeping operations. Finally, tribute should be paid to the men and women who served in the United Nations' peacekeeping missions, in which regard Slovakia co-sponsored the draft resolution that would designate 29 May as the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers.
PIYARATNE DE SILVA (Sri Lanka) fully associated his country with the statement made by Jordan on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. He firmly believed that United Nations peacekeeping operations must maintain respect for principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of States, as well as non-intervention in their domestic affairs. A clearly defined and realistic mandate was also essential for the success of all peace operations.
He noted that in current peacekeeping operations emphasis had been applied to promote national reconciliation, assist democratic institutions and enhance responsibility for human rights and the rule of law, while also mobilizing international economic assistance. However United Nations peacekeeping operations continued to be challenged by a shortage of troops, which could undermine the efforts of the United Nations to meet some of the complex operations that were entrusted to it. He urged countries in a position to do so to provide the required troops, in order to avoid shortages. Also, troop composition should be drawn from both developed and developing countries.
Reviewing Sri Lanka's troop contributions, he welcomed the Department's programme of training and expressed appreciation for the work done by the peacekeeping Best Practices Unit. He said the adverse effects of peacekeeping, which at times included enforcement action and economic sanctions, should be properly addressed and compensatory measures considered in framing mandates. Also, the financing of peacekeeping remained a major concern and he stressed the need for Member States to pay their assessed contributions on time. Paying tribute to peacekeepers, including those who sacrificed their lives, he called for increased preventive action in order to reverse the need for more peacekeepers.
Action on draft
Committee Secretary, LESLIE WILKINSON, said that the draft resolution had been reissued to reflect the fact that Japan was included in the list of co-sponsors.
The representative of Ukraine introduced the draft resolution (document A/C.4/57/L.8) saying it recognized the invaluable contribution of men and women who had served in peacekeeping operations as well as the sacrifice of those who had lost their lives for the cause of peace.
Ms. WILKINSON then informed the Committee that Poland, Romania, Sweden, Fiji, Indonesia, Croatia, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Tunisia, the Netherlands, Australia, Malaysia, Monaco, Sierra Leone, Mozambique and Belarus also wished to co-sponsor the draft.
The representatives of Ghana, France, Senegal, Slovenia, Côte d'Ivoire, Haiti, Mali, Benin, Mongolia, Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia also indicated their desire to co-sponsor the draft.
The Committee then adopted the draft without a vote.
Concluding Statement by the Under-Secretary-General
Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, Jean-Marie Guéhenno, said that many countries present in the room had paid a heavy tribute to peacekeeping in the past 50 years. Peacekeeping was the most concrete expression of the solidarity of nations represented at the United Nations. Peacekeeping's legitimacy and strengths depended on that solidarity. The debate that had taken place was important, because it was a way to consolidate the consensus, without which peacekeeping could not be effective. He had been briefed on the Committee's concerns.
He was grateful for positive comments on the progress the Department had made, he said. There was still a long way to go. Peacekeeping was unfinished business and would always be so, because the challenges at hand would not disappear. The Committee's exchange had been frank, open and constructive. Such exchanges would contribute to the Department's further progress.
Right of Reply
Speaking in right of reply, the representative of Israel said that, in light of the remarks made by Lebanon and Syria, it was regrettable they had viewed this debate as an opportunity to launch unsubstantiated attacks against Israel. For those genuinely concerned with the subject of peacekeeping operations, Israel showed how such operations could be successes, but only when the governments concerned were willing to live up to their responsibilities. The problem in South Lebanon was that there was no government in place to respect those obligations. It was highly unlikely that the Lebanese Government would change its course and abide by its obligations.
On 24 May 2000, Israel withdrew from Lebanon in concurrence with Security Council resolution 425 (1978), he said. That had been confirmed by the Secretary-General and the Security Council. It should be noted that, contrary to the Lebanese position, the territory of the so-called "Shabbas farm" was not on the Lebanese side of the "blue line". The reasons for that were clearly set out in the Secretary-General's report and had been emphasized in subsequent reports. Even the Lebanese Foreign Minister had acknowledged the conflict in positions held by Lebanon and the Secretary-General. There was simply no basis whatsoever for the continued refusal to respect the blue line and the ongoing threats to international peace and security. Lebanon had the responsibility to return to effective authority and to prevent terrorist activity.
Of course, he added, it was no secret that Lebanon had failed to fulfil its obligations, in part, because of the continued occupation of its territory by Syria. More than 30,000 Syrian troops occupied parts of Lebanese territory, rendering Syria the main occupying force. That had directly enhanced the capability of Hezbollah to launch attacks against Israel across the blue line. That ran counter to Security Council resolution 1373 (2001). If Lebanon and Syria were serious about peace and security, they would be better served focusing attention on the compliance of their own governments with those resolutions.
The representative of Turkey, speaking in the exercise of the right of reply, said that the Cyprus statement had exploited the agenda item under the Committee's discussion to marshal distorted views on Cyprus. The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was deployed in 1964 to protect Turkish Cypriots. A proper response to the baseless allegations of Cyprus would be given by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in due time.
The representative of Lebanon said that since the establishment of United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in 1972, some 244 martyrs had sacrificed. He thanked all troop-contributing countries for their solidarity with UNIFIL. UNIFIL was a partner in the deliberation process. His statement had not contained most of what Israel said it had contained. The Committee should go back to the official record. But, as long as Israel had volunteered to lodge accusations, he would reply.
Sending peacekeepers to Lebanon had been the result of Israel's occupation of South Lebanon, he said. Had it not been for that, an international force would not have been needed. The resistance had been borne out of the occupation. The international forces were sent because of the occupation. Now, Israel was singing the praises of resolution 425 (1978). The representative of Israel forgot that his country had occupied Lebanon for 22 years. For 22 years, Israel had refused to implement resolution 425 (1978). When that resolution had been implemented, Israel had said that it had done so out of respect for international legitimacy. Had it not been for the resistance, Israel would not have withdrawn from Lebanon.
Regarding breaches, he added, last September there had been 17 air, sea and land violations by Israel. The truth was that Israel did not respect its obligations regarding the blue line. Israel violated it repeatedly. Everyone knew that Israel had shelled the United Nations base in Lebanon. Some 38 shells had destroyed the headquarters of the Fijian troops. More than 100 civilian Lebanese had lost their lives in that attack. Israel was singing the praises of international resolutions, while it had bombed the United Nations base. What the representative of Israel had said was a myth.
Speaking in right of reply, the representative of Syria said that the statement by the representative of Israel was replete with distortions and lies. As regards the implementation of Security Council resolutions, Syria's position was well known. All the Council members had admired the constructive role played by Syria in the effort to fight terrorism as a member of the Security Council. It did respect resolutions and had acted to implement resolution 1373 (2001).
He said that Israel now flouted 29 Security Council resolutions, in which they were called upon to withdraw from the occupied territories. In one, Israel had been asked to withdraw from the occupied territories and to put an end to its settlements. Israel had tried of late to thwart the enactment of the latest resolution, 1435 (2002). Israel had tried not to translate that resolution into reality, sending tanks and the military to kill thousands.
Regarding terrorism, he said the Middle East region had not endured terrorism until the founding of Israel. In fact, the Israeli army was made up of terrorist factions. Israel had waged terrorist assaults against the inhabitants of the region, the Palestinians, to force them out of their homes. The terrorism did not stop there, but had assaulted the United Nations itself. Count Bernadotte was assassinated by Israel. A high-ranking officer was assassinated in Gaza last year. Israel was the only State to wage State terrorism. Israel killed dozens every day, including Palestinian children.
As for Lebanon, he said that Syria was the State the most closely interested in the independence of Lebanon. Lebanon had been the scene of a civil war, as had the Balkans and other regions. The international community had asserted great efforts before Syria entered the situation and yet no solution had proved possible. One million Lebanese had emigrated into Syria. When all Lebanon's forces and political factions had called on Syria to enter, and when an official request to intervene had been received, only then did Syria enter. The Syrian involvement stemmed from an official request of the Lebanese Government. Was there a single government that did not today recognize the Lebanese Government?
The Government of Syria was prepared to do all that was required by the Government of Lebanon, but it was plain to see that Israel did not want close ties between Arab countries, he said. However, ties of blood and good neighborliness linked them, including the desire of the Lebanese people. Israel was not entitled to enter into the affairs of Lebanon and to claim that that country's interests were something by which it set great store. They had killed thousands there. Israel had occupied Lebanon for 20 years, in flagrant violation of Security Council demands.
The representative of Cyprus said the Turkish representative had referred to the 1963 events as the reason for UNFICYP's establishment. The report of the Secretary-General in 1965 noted that the Turkish Cypriot leadership was committed to the physical separation of the community as a political goal, the result being a policy of self segregation by the Turkish Cypriots. The so-called Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was an illegal entity created by Turkey to further its aims. The Security Council had called for its withdrawal. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was not recognized by any country but Turkey. Turkey would do well to heed the call of the international community to withdraw its occupation forces from Cyprus and allow its people to live in peace and prosperity.
Speaking in right of reply, the representative of Israel said that the representative of Lebanon had said that Israel had occupied his country for 22 years. Thus, even he agreed that Israel left Lebanon two years ago. It was upsetting that he would obscure the blatant contradiction between his Government's position and that of the international community. It was so clearly in breach of Security Council resolution 1373. Lebanon continued to provide assistance and safe harbor to Hezbollah, which was the element most directly responsible for the
continued instability in South Lebanon. Furthermore, he was troubled by reports of Al Qaeda activities in Lebanon.
With respect to Syria, he could only urge that the source from which the remarks came be recognized. Syria was one of most active supporters of terrorism. It had sponsored terrorism for five decades and had even committed terrorist acts against its own people. Naturally Syria would like to brand Israel a terrorist State, to obscure the fact that Syria was a brutal dictatorship and police State. It had continued to support terrorism after 11 September and as it sat on the Security Council. For Syria to accuse Israel was appalling. It was long past time for the puppet regime in Lebanon and the Syrian Government to stop insulting the members of the Committee.
The representative of Lebanon had criticized Israel, but he had not addressed the points he had mentioned today. Criticism of Israel was taking place throughout the Organization, because the truth was clear. The aggressor was well known, as was the victim. Regarding respect for Security Council resolutions, he could not believe that Israel had called for respect for those resolutions. The representative of Syria had mentioned some 29 resolutions that Israel had not implemented.
The representative of Syria said that his country and Lebanon were closely associated by agreements. Israel had no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Lebanon. Israel would not have withdrawn from Lebanon if it had not been for the efforts of the Lebanese resistance. There were Lebanese prisoners in Israeli prisons; they had been kidnapped from their homes and villages by Israeli forces.
He reiterated that Israel had refused to implement all Security Council resolutions relevant to the Middle East, 29 of them to date, while Syria, as a member of the Security Council, had been praised by the other members. Syria had been praised for its active role in drafting resolution 1373 (2001). Israel should be the last to talk about terrorism, since it was the only State to exercise state terrorism. With its tanks and aircraft, Israel had killed thousands, shelled homes and killed children. Further, the Israeli representative had referred to the domestic situation in Syria to show that Israel was a democratic State, but that was absurd logic to use at a time when Israel killed people in the occupied Arab territories. Was there a new concept called the "democracy of occupation"?
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text:
Church Of The
Swimming Elephant
A sliding window algorithm places a buffer between the application
program and the network data flow. For TCP, the buffer
is typically in the operating system kernel, but this is more
of an implementation detail than a hard-and-fast requirement.
Data received from the network is stored in the buffer, from whence
the application can read at its own pace. As the application reads
data, buffer space is freed up to accept more input from the network.
The window is the amount of data that can be "read ahead" -
the size of the buffer, less the amount of valid data stored in it.
Window announcements are used
to inform the remote host of the current window size.
If the local application can't process data fast enough, the
window size will drop to zero and the remote host will stop sending
data. After the local application has processed some of the queued
data, the window size rises, and the remote host starts transmitting again.
On the other hand, if the local application can process data
at the rate it's being transferred, sliding window still gives
us an advantage. If the window size is larger than the packet size,
then multiple packets can be outstanding in the network, since
the sender knows that buffer space is available on the receiver
to hold all of them. Ideally, a steady-state condition can be reached
where a series of packets (in the forward direction) and
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sender, more data packets are transmitted. As the application reads
data from the buffer (remember, we're assuming the application
can keep up with the network), more window announcements are
generated. Keeping a series of data packets in transit ensures
the efficient use of network resources.
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Chapter 5 Scientific Summary
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010
World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 52
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
United Nations Environment Programme
World Meteorological Organization
European Commission
Scientific Summary Chapter 5: A Focus on Information and Options for Policymakers
Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) are metrics frequently used to quantify the relative impacts of substances on ozone depletion and climate forcing. In Chapter 5, both ODPs and GWPs have been updated. The direct GWPs for some compounds presented here have not appeared previously in WMO/UNEP or Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. Indirect GWPs have also been re-evaluated.
Information for Policymakers
- The Montreal Protocol is working. It has protected the stratospheric ozone layer from much higher levels of depletion by phasing out production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Simulations show that unchecked growth in the emissions of ODSs would have led to ozone depletion globally in the coming decades much larger than has been observed. Solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at the surface would also have increased substantially.
- The Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments have made large contributions toward reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Because many ODSs are potent greenhouse gases, the Montreal Protocol has successfully avoided larger climate forcing. In 2010, the decrease of annual ODS emissions under the Montreal Protocol is estimated to be about 10 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide-equivalent (GtCO2-eq) per year, which is about five times larger than the annual emissions reduction target for the first commitment period (2008-2012) of the Kyoto Protocol.
- The accelerated hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) phase-out agreed to by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in 2007 is projected to reduce cumulative HCFC emissions by 0.6-0.8 million ODP-tonnes between 2011 and 2050 and bring forward the year equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) returns to 1980 levels by 4-5 years. In terms relevant to climate, the accelerated HCFC phase-out is projected to reduce emissions by 0.4-0.6 GtCO2-eq per year averaged over 2011 through 2050. The actual climate benefit will be determined, in part, by the climate impact of the compounds used to replace the HCFCs. In comparison, global anthropogenic emissions of CO2 were greater than 30 Gt per year in 2008.
- EESC at midlatitudes is projected to return to 1980 levels in 2046 for the baseline (A1) scenario, 2-3 years earlier than projected in the previous Assessment. This revision is primarily due to an improved understanding of lower stratospheric chlorine and bromine release from ODSs, along with contributions from smaller projected HCFC emissions, and despite larger projected emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and a smaller 1980 mixing ratio of methyl bromide (CH3Br).
- EESC in the Antarctic vortex is projected to return to 1980 levels around 2073 for the baseline (A1) scenario, 7-8 years later than projected in the previous Assessment. This is primarily due to an improved understanding of lower stratospheric chlorine and bromine release from ODSs, with smaller contributions from changes in the emissions of CCl4 and HCFCs and a smaller 1980 mixing ratio of CH3Br. The return to 1980 levels in the Antarctic vortex is about 26 years later than the return of midlatitude EESC to 1980 levels.
- Due to the ongoing success of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments in reducing the production, emissions, and abundances of controlled ODSs, other compounds and activities not controlled by the Montreal Protocol are becoming relatively more important to stratospheric ozone levels.
- Increasing abundances of radiatively important gases that are not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, especially CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), are expected to significantly affect future stratospheric ozone levels (see also Chapter 3). Under many IPCC future scenarios, it is projected that these gases will cause globally averaged ozone changes larger than those resulting from any of the ODS reduction cases explored in this chapter.
- A nitrous oxide (N2O) ODP of 0.017 has been calculated. The anthropogenic ODP-weighted emission of N2O is larger than that of any current halogenated ODS emission. The ODP of N2O is more uncertain than it is for halogenated substances, but it has been known since 1970 that N2O depletes stratospheric ozone. Reductions in N2O emissions would also reduce climate forcing.
- Since the previous Assessment, new fluorocarbons have been suggested as possible replacements for potent HCFC and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) greenhouse gases. For example, HFC-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2) (ODP = 0; 100-year GWP = 4) is proposed to replace HFC-134a (CH2FCF3) (ODP = 0; 100-year GWP = 1370) in motor vehicle (mobile) air conditioning. Each new fluorocarbon proposed as a replacement will require an evaluation for ODP, GWP, atmospheric fate, safety, and toxicity for a thorough understanding of its potential environmental impact. Preliminary analyses of the atmospheric fate of HFC-1234yf indicate that global replacement of HFC-134a with HFC-1234yf at today's level of use is not expected to contribute significantly to tropospheric ozone formation or harmful levels of the degradation product TFA (trifluoroacetic acid). It is well established that TFA is a ubiquitous natural component of the hydrosphere, but uncertainties remain regarding its natural and anthropogenic sources, long-term fate, and abundances.
Options for Policymakers
A new baseline scenario for ODSs is presented in Chapter 5 that reflects our current understanding of atmospheric mixing ratios, production levels, and bank sizes. Elimination of future emissions, production, and banks of various ODSs are applied to this scenario to evaluate the maximum impacts of various hypothetical phase-outs (see Table S5-1). The year EESC returns to 1980 levels, and integrated EESC changes, are two metrics used in the evaluation. The calculations of the years when EESC returns to the 1980 level in these hypothetical cases do not consider other effects such as changing atmospheric transport and lifetimes. An elimination of anthropogenic N2O emissions is also considered and compared to some ODS cases using globally averaged total ozone. In addition to the hypothetical cases discussed below, the impacts on stratospheric ozone of other activities, such as the use of automotive biofuels, commercial subsonic aircraft, and rocket launches, are considered in Chapter 5. These other activities are not expected to substantially affect stratospheric ozone now or in the near future.
- Projections suggest that unmitigated HFC growth could result in GWP-weighted emissions up to 8.8 GtCO2-eq per year by 2050, comparable to the GWP-weighted emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) at their peak in 1988. The highest of these projections assumes that developing countries use HFCs with GWPs comparable to those currently used in the same applications in developed countries. The projected radiative forcing in 2050 from these compounds (up to 0.4 W/m2) can be reduced by using compounds with lower GWPs.
- Options available for limiting future halocarbon emissions will have less impact on future ozone levels than what has already been accomplished by the Montreal Protocol.
- Leakage of CFCs and leakage of halons from the banks are the largest sources of current ODP-weighted emissions of ODSs. A delay of four years, from 2011 to 2015, in the capture and destruction of the estimated CFC banks is currently thought to reduce the potential ozone and climate benefits from these actions by about 30%. The percentage impact of a four-year delay in the capture and destruction of the halon banks is similar.
- Elimination of future CCl4 emissions is now projected to have a larger impact on integrated EESC than was projected in the previous Assessment. Recent observed CCl4 mixing ratios have declined more slowly than previously projected. Extrapolation of this trend leads to larger future projected emissions in the baseline scenario and thus to the increased projected impact of the elimination of emissions.
- The estimated impact on integrated EESC resulting from elimination of future HCFC production is slightly smaller than in the previous Assessment. The recent growth in reported HCFC production in developing countries was larger than projected in the previous Assessment. This alone would have resulted in a larger projected HCFC production in the new baseline scenario compared to the previous Assessment, but is projected to be more than compensated for by the accelerated HCFC phase-out agreed to by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in 2007. Projections suggest that total emissions of HCFCs will begin to decline in the coming decade due to measures already agreed to under the Montreal Protocol.
- The elimination of all emissions of chlorine- and bromine-containing ODSs after 2010 would shift the year EESC reaches the 1980 level by about 13 years, from 2046 to 2033. In terms relevant to climate, this would reduce emissions of these substances by about 0.7 GtCO2-eq per year averaged over 2011 through 2050. Future production of HCFCs and the sum of the current banks of CFCs plus HCFCs contribute about equally to this number. In comparison, global anthropogenic emissions of CO2 were greater than 30 Gt per year in 2008.
- A phase-out of methyl bromide emissions from quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) applications beginning in 2011 would shift the year EESC reaches the 1980 level earlier by 1.5 years compared to continued use at current levels. Continuing critical-use exemptions (CUEs) indefinitely at the approved 2011 level would delay the return of EESC to 1980 levels by 0.2 years.
- Elimination of anthropogenic emissions of very short-lived substances (VSLS) could shift the year EESC reaches the 1980 level earlier by almost 3 years, if anthropogenic VSLS contribute 40 parts per trillion of EESC to the stratosphere. It remains unclear, however, how VSLS emissions reductions at different surface locations would affect their contribution to stratospheric chlorine. VSLS are not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
Table S5-1. Summary of hypothetical cases for accelerating the recovery of the ozone layer and reducing carbon-equivalent emissions.
The table below shows the reductions in integrated EESC and integrated CO2-eq emissions relative to the baseline (A1) scenario that can be achieved in several hypothetical cases. The EESC excess above 1980 levels is integrated from 2011 until the time EESC returns to the 1980 level (before 2050). Any potential contribution from very short-lived substances is neglected.
|Substance or Group of Substances
|Reductions (%) in Integrated EESC (equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine)
|Reduction in Cumulative GWP-Weighted Emissions from 2011 to 2050 (gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent)
|Bank capture and destruction in 2011 and 2015:
5.3 1
5.5 1
|Production elimination after 2010:
CH3Br for quarantine and pre-shipment
|Total emissions elimination after 2010:
CCl4 2
Up to 170 3
1 The impact of a 2015 HCFC bank recovery is larger than a 2011 bank recovery because this calculation assumes destruction of the bank in only a single year, and because the bank in 2015 is larger than the bank in 2011 owing to continued annual production that is larger than the annual bank release.
2 Banks are assumed to be zero. Emissions include uncertain sources such as possible fugitive emissions and unintended by-product emissions.
3 Strongly dependent on future projections and does not consider HFC-23 emissions. Currently HFCs are not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, but are included in the basket of gases of the Kyoto Protocol.


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No matter what professional goals a student may have, Stevenson's experienced faculty and staff can assist with designing a custom career plan that fits the interests and skills of the individual. Through our award-winning Career ArchitectureSM program, our experts will help you identify your strengths and passions, and show you how these indicators can translate into a successful academic experience and career path. With more than 40 fields of study and a countless number of professional and academic opportunities that take place outside of the classroom, Stevenson University is the perfect place to find your career fit. According to a 2016 survey, 91 percent of Stevenson University alumni were working, going to graduate school or planning to, working as a volunteer or with a service program, or enrolled in the US Military.*
We are committed to offering our students the resources necessary to make a confident and informed decision. Through Academic Advising and the Office of Career Services, students can explore a variety of majors and see how each aligns with their potential career paths.
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SSK SCRI003 Internal Multi-in-1 SD / TF / CF Card Reader
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- Support memory card's types: Micro SD / T-FLASH / XD / XD H Type / XD M Type / CFI / CF II / Ultra II CF / Extreme CF / Extreme IIICF / MD / SD / Extreme SD / Extreme III SD / Ultra II SD / MMCI / MMCII / MMC 4.0 / Ultra MMC / MS / MS-Pro / MS-Duo / MS Pro Duo / Extreme MS Pro / Extreme III / MS Pro / HS MS-MG Pro Duo / MS-MagicGate / MS-MG-Pro / MS-MG-Duo / MS-MG-Pro-Duo / MS-ROM / HS MS / MG Pro / Ultra II MS
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All deliveries within Australia are facilitated by Australia Post, Hunter Express Couriers or other courier services depending on the method you select during checkout and the dimensions/weight of the package. Generally, we dispatch within 24 hours of receiving your order unless otherwise stated. We have a quick turnaround time on postage and handling. Tracking numbers are issued via our automated e-mail system, however if you do not receive your tracking number, please message our helpful staff and we'll attempt to provide as much information regarding your order as possible.
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Luscious 20" - All-One-Length Wig , this style features a monofilament top for a natural skin look with human hair.
The hair is sewn back at the hairline so you only see the hair (not the cap). It looks very natural.
Looks great when worn in a Ponytail.
The Nova is the definition of easy-to-wear.


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Punisher Max: Happy Ending #1
- Story by
- Peter Milligan
- Art by
- Juan Jose Ryp
- Colors by
- Andres Mossa and Morry Hollowell
- Letters by
- Cory Petit
- Cover by
- Juan José Ryp
- Publisher
- Marvel Comics
These "Punisher Max" one-shots all seem to fall into a pattern of presenting stories where Frank Castle is a supporting character, often trying to kill criminals while the main plot goes on around him. Considering the character's long history and the fantastic work Garth Ennis and Jason Aaron have done on the character recently, it's an understandable approach to take. "Happy Ending" is no exception, with the Punisher only appearing in three brief scenes. Instead, Peter Milligan focuses on Joseph Bonner, an unhappily married accountant whose trip to a massage parlor has him fleeing gangsters with one of the masseuses, Gi-Gi.
Joseph is very unsatisfied with his life, but accompanying Gi-Gi as she avoids getting shot and dealing with being threatened himself isn't what he has in mind when he heads out for the evening. A regular guy getting mixed up in a big mess over a disc of incriminating evidence against a mobster is ample fodder for this story, but what holds it back is that Milligan doesn't do a lot with it until the climactic scene. He throws out a few lines here and there to set up what happens, but Joseph's reactions to what's going on are pretty by the numbers for most of the story. Since this is such a basic plot, some extra comedy or absurd actions are required to elevate it.
Having Juan Jose Ryp on art goes a long way in that regard. Ryp's intricate, European style is perfect for exaggerated reactions and body language. Joseph's reaction to being kissed by Gi-Gi is funny because of Ryp's art. He's great at taking scenes that could be played straight and amping them up to ridiculous degrees with over-the-top body language and facial expressions. People in his comics don't react, they overreact, an asset with a plot that needs that extra level of physical comedy and absurdity to work.
Unlike his two-issue stint on "Vengeance of the Moon Knight," Ryp is able to be himself a little more in this comic. His earlier work for Avatar Press was mostly extreme violence and that's what he gets to draw here. He creates chaotic, over-the-top gun fights that are just as exaggerated as the reactions of characters, while juxtaposing them with the clean, concise violence of the Punisher. Everyone else comes off as panicked and amateurish next to that character. Ryp makes sure Castle's presence is felt the few times he shows up on panel.
If it weren't for Ryp's art, much of this issue would fall flat, but he makes the uninspired plot much livelier and funnier than it has any right to be. Milligan's writing does pick up in the third act as he delivers an unexpected ending, making for a solid overall issue.


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The 2007 annual Blackland Income Growth Agricultural Tour will visit the 'Salad Bowl of the World' Aug. 13-17 in the Monterey and Salinas Valley areas of California.
The 45-year-old program was established to improve the agricultural and agri-business economy of the Blackland area through educational emphasis, said Rebecca Parker, Texas Cooperative Extension regional program director.
"We have a wonderful trip this year in a location renowned for its beauty and agricultural productivity," she said.
Some of the stops will be: The Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems - UC Santa Cruz; Earthbound and Serendipity Organic Farms; Monterey Farmer's Market; Pezzini artichoke farm; Hahn Estates Winery; Monterey Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility; Monterey County Ag Center; strawberry and vegetable farming operations; nursery greenhouse operation; a California cattle operation; fish marketing site, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Participants will also visit Monterey, Pacific Grove, Pebble Beach, Carmel, Lone Cypress and Emma Prusch Farm Park.
Tour registration is limited to the first 80 people. The cost for the tour is $1,225 per person based on double occupancy. The fee covers airfare, hotel accommodations, motor coach transportation and most meals. Registration deadline is June 18.
The Blackland area includes 32 counties in Central and North Central Texas. Any producer or landowner is eligible to attend the programs, including a conference in January and a tour each August. The group coordinates a large agricultural conference in January (held in Waco) and an agricultural tour investigating new and different agricultural industries in August every year. Oversight for the program is provided through Extension in cooperation with a leadership producer board.
For more information or registration packet, call 972-952-9240 or e-mail Parker at [email protected]. Alana Williams can be contacted at 972-952-9258 for more information.


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There's an old joke about economists: Being an economist means you never have to say you're wrong; you've merely changed your outlook based upon further data.
That brings us to the current, very shaky state of affairs for the global economy and--since we're a site dedicated to coverage of technology--the high-tech industry. What worried economists six months ago has them in an outright panic now: one hyper-ventilating commentator on CNN opined on the day the U.S. House of Representatives defeated a Wall Street bailout package (or is that an "economic rescue" plan now?) that the economy was now on the brink of a depression.
A depression? That may be pushing it. But as Thursday's front page of The Wall Street Journal puts in very stark terms, bailout or not (the House of Representatives is expected to vote on a new version of the bailout bill Friday), signs are pointing toward a recession: auto sales are down; manufacturing activity is down; housing foreclosures are still high, while housing prices are down; and construction spending has tanked.
And if you believe this has little to do with the tech industry, think again. That mess on Wall Street means it's hard to get credit--whether you're a giant company looking to make capital expenditures like new server farms, or a start-up looking to buy office furniture or put money down for rent. Wall Street has always been a cutting-edge technology buyer, and that spigot is all but shut off for now. Universities and states are announcing plans to trim or freeze spending, and private customers probably aren't far behind. (Here's a breakdown of how foreclosures on subprime mortgages could lead to another tech bust.)
On top of that, venture capital spending is on shaky ground, mergers and acquisitions in tech are down, and successful initial public offerings on the stock market are as unlikely as they have been at any point since the dot-com bust. Also, anyone who believes hundreds of little companies completely dependent on advertising for their revenue can survive is kidding himself. We've seen that play before, and it doesn't end well.
Already, we're starting to see signs of growing problems. Rumors are spreading of growing layoffs in Silicon Valley, and since the third quarter just ended, it's a good bet that surprising earnings shortfalls could be the big news in the coming days.
Nonetheless, while many may fear a replay of the dot-com bust, what could happen to the tech industry over the next year will be different for a combination of reasons: This isn't a self-made disaster, there's not as much public money on the table, and the rate of spending for Web 2.0 companies has been relatively modest when compared to the wild gold rush days of the late 1990s.
Instead, the bust that could be in the wings is more likely to resemble the tech bust of the late 1980s, when a Wall Street and banking crisis, a recession (and yes, too many companies) conspired to cause rapid consolidation in the young PC and desktop software industries. In some ways, it was a longer, more painful episode for the tech industry. Tech spending and venture capital activity didn't dramatically rebound until Netscape Communications released its first browser and the dot-com boom was on.
So what's happening now? Truth is, no one really knows because the modern tech industry has never had to navigate through this sort of economic uncertainty. Jason Calacanis has made some dramatic predictions about start-ups disappearing. He could be right: But then the start-up executives at the Web 2.0 conference three weeks ago (just as the scope of the Wall Street meltdown was becoming clear) who fell back on that "cautiously optimistic" catchphrase could also be right.
We're going to do our best here at CNET News to keep you updated on the unfolding mess. (Or is it merely an untidy moment?) We'll let you know who's being acquired, who's going under, where the big layoffs are, and whether there's reason for optimism in the middle of all this bad news. Here's a roundup of this week's news.
Click here for ongoing coverage from CNET News, 'Tough times for tech'


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List Entry Summary
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
Name: BUSHMEAD PRIORY
List entry Number: 1146475
The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
District: Bedford
District Type: Unitary Authority
Parish: Staploe
National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.
Grade: I
Date first listed: 07-May-1952
Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.
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The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System: LBS
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1/161 Bushmead Priory 7.5.52
Former refectory belonging to Augustinian priory. Late C13 origins through to C16 or C17. Cobblestone and rubble walls with ashlar dressings. Roof restored 1983. 5-bay plan, 2 storeys, the first floor inserted later, probably in C16. Crown post roof, posts octagonal with carved bases and caps. W gable end : large window with 2-centred arched head, hood mould with grotesque mask stops; C16 floor beams were carried on its sill, and it was reduced in size and given perpendicular tracery; single stage buttresses. S elevation, L to R : 2-centred arched blocked doorway. Perpendicular doorway with detached shafts and cinquefoiled tympanum. Stone mullion and transom ground floor window. Central doorway with 2-centred head, surmounted by 4- light window with stone mullions and 2-centred heads, both C15. 2 2-light ground floor windows, one 3-light and one 4-light window to first floor, all C16 or C17, with stone mullions and 4-centred heads, one with hood mould and nead stop, some retaining early glass. (NW Alcock, "Bushmead Priory, Bedfordshire", Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 1970, pp 50- 57.) In D.O.E. Guardianship.
Listing NGR: TL1157660730
Selected Sources
Books and journals
'Journal of The British Archaeological Association' in Journal of The British Archaeological Association, (1970), 50-57
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 2 Bedfordshire,
National Grid Reference: TL 11576 60730
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The coin pictured above has been authenticated and graded by PCGS and CAC and is the coin and holder you will receive. Please don't hesitate to message us with any questions or concerns! The item "1885 5c PROOF Liberty Nickel PCGS PR 66 CAC" is in sale since Saturday, September 16, 2017. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ US\Nickels\Liberty (1883-1913)".
The seller is "cbg1917" and is located in Austin, Texas. This item can be shipped to United States.


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Lori King is a photojournalist and educator who has dedicated her life to telling written and visual stories.
Lori's journalism career began when she joined the U.S. Army at 18. She served eight years Active Army and 13 years in the Ohio Army and Air National Guard as a print journalist and newspaper editor. She honorably retired from the 180th Fighter Wing in Toledo in 2000.
She is a currently a photojournalist with the Toledo Blade (Toledo, Ohio) newspaper, and a photojournalism and multimedia adjunct instructor with Owens Community College (Toledo, OH), Kent State University (Kent, OH) and Wayne State University (Detroit, MI).
Her education includes a BS in photojournalism from Kent State in 1991, and an MA in Journalism Education from Kent State in 2012.
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This section contains 3,765 words
(approx. 13 pages at 300 words per page)
SOURCE: Clutton-Brock, A. "Morris as a Romantic Poet." In William Morris: His Work and Influence, pp. 79-96. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1914.
In the following essay, Clutton-Brock discusses Morris as a Romantic poet, contending that of "all the Romantic poets Morris, in his early poetry was the most romantic; for he was more consciously discontented with the circumstances of his own time than any of them."
The word Romantic, as applied to a certain movement in art, has been used vaguely and in different senses. We know better who the Romantic poets are than why we call them Romantic. But if we examine their works, and especially those which any one would choose as being peculiarly romantic, we shall find that they have this in common—namely, that they interest us through their unlikeness, rather than through their likeness, to our own experience. In poems like Keats's...
This section contains 3,765 words
(approx. 13 pages at 300 words per page)


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- Keywords -
- Category Hunting Stories
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- Prostaff Member Trout Whisperer
Pesco-vegetarianism means you eat veggies and fish, and I do that as often as possible so I'm considered one of these at times. Carnivore, if I machinate the definition just abit means I'm an animal that eats other animals (not to be confused with a cannibal), so once again I feel included here.
Finally if all I hungered for was a salad we have the plant eaters. Yeah I love my whole grain goodness so I think I have most if not all the food groups covered and I can comfortably eat with just about anybody who doesn't dine exclusively on tofu.
If I just said I'm a full blown omnivore that would have covered everything but that's like eating dinner without a salt shaker, A shore lunch without the lake shore. Ice cream without chocolate sauce and that's makes no sense so I go heavy on both from the sweetened dairy section.
When things get a bit over cooked and perhaps under done, is where some folks won't eat, can't eat, or choose not to eat peanuts, meat, eggs, dairy and so on. The reasons can be medical, to I just hate spinach, but unlike a guy I fished with last Saturday I'm not upset with any of the other select refined palette food groups, actually I appreciate them.
We roasted tators lightly seasoned and then just before they were done we laced the skillet with sweet summer onions and the screen porch became an ambient aroma the likes of which Neptune may rethink his immortal state for one more bite. One heavy cast iron cooker half full of oil was spitting like a hissing bobcat when we added freshly breaded filets from blue gills and walleyes taking there final swim. All was right in the world or so I thought, until it got better.
Rod doesn't eat fish. Rod didn't eat one piece of fish. Rod is a non fish consumer. Rod was adamant about not eating one piece of fish flesh. I felt bad for Rod, so we ate tenderly around the issue and my picnic table. After Rod left my home two of my buddies behind his back started to tell me what a meal he was missing and how could he be so ridiculous.
They were starting to harp pretty hard on not even trying one bite of a sumptuous feast so I said boys you shouldn't be so hard on him. If it wasn't for his generosity you would have eaten less. See boy's, I'm an all inclusive food processor.
Posted by Trout Whisperer under Hunting Stories on June 29, 09 07:01 PM | Permalink


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Sunday, April 3, 2011
2004 Toronto Film Festival Report, Part Two
(originally published in The Outreach Connection in September 2004)
This is the second of Jack Hughes' reports from the 2004 Toronto Film Festival.
I Heart Huckabees (David O. Russell)
David O. Russell hit it big in 1999 with Three Kings, and now he returns with a film that looks like it might indeed reflect five years' worth of deliberation, but much less inspiration. On paper it sounds terrific – a dissatisfied young man hires an "existential detective agency" to investigate the source of his troubles. It stars Dustin Hoffman, Lily Tomlin, Jude Law, Naomi Watts and Mark Wahlberg. The movie has more structure than four ordinary movies combined (it plays the "detective" angle fairly straight, with revelations and connections piling up like an LSD version of Chinatown); countless twists and turns, satirical jabs at just about everything (although the main target seems to be corporate cynicism and how it appropriates and bastardizes idealism); dollops of visual gimmickry and non-stop clever dialogue – characters throw theories of connection vs. randomness at each other as though they were arguing about who should take out the garbage. It can't help but make you think here and there – take a moment to muse about how "there is no remainder in the mathematics of infinity."
There are some good scenes – I enjoyed the dinner scene with the hypocritical Christians who've adopted the Sudanese orphan (I won't try to explain); and Jason Schwartzman and Isabelle Huppert dipping each other's heads in the mud (ditto). But it's persistently monotonous and tedious, it's too earnest ("I really do spend most of my time thinking about these issues," said Russell in a recent interview), most of the cast seems off its game, and its energy becomes merely hermetic. And once you remember that Woody Allen and Monty Python (and a hundred others for all I know) had essays or sketches on similar themes, even the film's frail novelty seems to evaporate.
I thought Three Kings overreached as well, but the film's politics probably bought it a lot of slack. It's been reported that Russell recently made an anti-war documentary for the film's DVD release, but is having difficulty getting it past the studio. Maybe this will goad him into making a next film with more focus and bite. The current movie will appeal to student-types who think words like "nihilism" are automatically funny, but surely not to much of anyone else. And the ultimate revelation – that the truth lies in forging a middle way between extremes – isn't exactly revolutionary.
Notre Musique (Jean-Luc Godard)
I wonder how many reviewers and critics now are up to the task of commenting other than impressionistically on Godard's films. This wasn't such a problem for the early Godard – watching Contempt or Bande a Part, one might stumble over (or even daydream through) a few lines, but the films provided enough narrative coherence and sensual pleasure that even an unskilled theorist could engage loosely with the films' feverish experimentation. This balance tipped long ago though, and Godard's work for the last thirty years has been clearly "difficult" in varying degrees. It's not that he rejects the visceral possibilities of cinema; on the contrary, no director seems as fascinated by the medium's raw material; by the possibilities of sound and image – even now, his work exudes an almost childlike delight at times. But where such delight leads a mainstream director to make E.T. or Shrek, Godard sees shame at squandered opportunity; the danger in his devotion is that almost all subjects strike him as unworthy of the medium. In the late 60's, radical politics occupied him, and in the 70's and 80's he seemed as fascinated for a while by the politics of the family. The shifting intercourse between cinema and other arts has been a recurrent focus of investigation. He realizes that cinema will fail if it ignores terrorism and imperialism. But his primary subject has been the medium itself, and with an increasingly morbid subtext that strikes many as gathering neurosis and eccentricity.
His last film Eloge De L'Amour played at the 2001 festival, and defeated me completely -I had to consult various sources to construct even the basics of what was going on. Its most accessible moments are based plainly in cinematic reference – such as the girl who comes to the door to collect money to dub The Matrix into Breton, or the potshots at Steven Spielberg. Still, the film confirms how every image of Godard's is anchored in word and culture and history and in the possibility of other images that might have been used in its place. And in asserting that the measure of love is to love without measure, it reminds us of Godard's enormous accumulated legacy, a legacy that somehow seems to weigh heavily on him.
David Thomson speculated as follows: "He is the first director, the first great director, who does not seem to be a human being. It was the discovery that he loved Anna Karina (his first wife, and frequent star of his early films) more in moving images than in life that may have broken their marriage." This surely misses the romanticism in Godard's work, and the speculation is trite. But it's appealing to suppose that Godard's life must be simpler than his art.
Notre Musique now presents a Godard that is more a human being than ever, and the film is his most accessible in a long time. I wonder if it's coincidental that it's far less about cinema itself than most of his recent works. His preoccupation here is war, laid out at the start of the film in a magnificent montage of battle and suffering that covers (via old Hollywood footage) almost the entire span of human history. The film then moves to Sarajevo, where Godard plays himself, attending a conference on text and image. The film follows other conversations, other encounters, all in some way levered on discussions of war, on the premise that "more than ever, we're faced with the void." Ambiguity flows from the film in waves – for example on the tortured relationship of Israel and Palestine, in which Israel brings the other both defeat and renown. At least Bosnia, says an Israeli journalist, is "a place where reconciliation seems possible."
In his conference address, Godard (through images from Hawks' His Girl Friday, of all things), suggests that film may not adequately differentiate between men and women, and from this extrapolates its failure at illuminating war: images from different conflicts betray similar configurations and compositions, and thus a distinct trauma becomes indistinguishable from all the others, with our sympathy for and understanding of their specific pain correspondingly dwindling. It's a failure of human capacity as much as one of cinema, and the film can suggest no answer to it. It ends on a note of regeneration, but its overall impression is distinctly wintry. Godard himself has never seemed so, well, kindly, as if disinclined now to hector or bombard us. Which means the film communicates a certain despairing stasis. But if it's a monolith, it's a singularly beautiful one.
Posted by torontomovieguy at 9:49 PM
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If you've been watching this space, you've heard already that we're hard at work changing up your rewards. The new Rewards Club is designed to make your benefits better than ever. Not only will they be more personalised to your preferences with exclusive events, gifts and offers, you'll be able to redeem your Reward Dollars in every one of our venues across the greater Auckland area. Here are some of the places you'll be able to access with the new Rewards Club.
While we put the finishing touches on your shiny new club, you can sign up to our existing loyalty programme, and that way, we can make sure you'll be the first to know when the new Club's ready to go.


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Join us for a Paint event for Pillows of Love
November 18, 2017
Time: 6:30 - 9:30 pm
Location: Brushstrokes on Canvas
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Cost: $35 per person
(a portion of proceeds will go to Pillows of Love)
Seating is limited so please reserve your space today! Attendees will be instructed how to paint the snowman on the left.
It's a BYOB wine event! Attendees will be eligible to win door prizes that have been donated by local organizations.
Click here to reserve your seat to paint a snowman with us!
==============================If you can't make it but would like to support Pillows of Love with a donation, please make your donation online or by sending your tax-deductible contribution to: Pillows of Love, PO Box 42, Palmyra PA 17078
In the News
Recently, Peggy Morcom, Pillows-of-Love, Inc. (Pillowcase Ministry) Board Chair, gave a presentation to the Paxtang Lions Club about our ministry which helps women and children in crisis find hope in our Lord. A special thank you to this group for inviting us and supporting Pillows of Love!


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"Since our experiential trips don't always align, we occasionally have 3-4 days where a portion of the high school is gone," said Head of High School Jay Huston. "Instead of just showing movies or teaching a mini-unit, pods allow us to do something unique and exploratory for the students on campus."
[pod] Not an acronym, but a collective noun for the three multi-grade groups of students.
"We wanted to have all the students experience the same day trip, which was embedded in the pods week," said Jay. "We chose the DeYoung Museum in San Francisco and then built the focus of the pods around it."
Each pod was assigned a group of cultures to explore: Asian, African, or Indigenous Peoples.
Although the cultures vary wildly, the basic structure of the project was much the same. Each morning, students worked to create a Google slideshow about a particular aspect of their assigned culture.
"I chose to research the Ming Dynasty, because I have had a poster of it hanging in my bedroom since I was really little," said one sophomore in the Asia pod. "I learned that the Ming Dynasty was responsible for major improvements to China's government system."
After a few hours of intense investigating, the students relaxed by watching a movie about or by the culture.
"We watched the movie Smoke Signals, which was created by two people who are themselves American Indians, one of whom is the author of the book we're reading," said High School English Teacher John Barnett, who worked with the Indigenous Peoples pod. Smoke Signals screenplay writer Sherman Alexie is the author of The Absolutely True Diary of A Part-Time Indian, which several 9th grade students are currently reading.
Afternoons were dedicated to planning, buying, and cooking a meal from the assigned culture.
"These students need the learn vocation skills like cooking. How do we tie that into academics?" asked John rhetorically. "This was an opportunity for us to get the kids to learn without thinking they were in a class."
On the last day of the project, all of the students gathered for a culminating event where they ate the dishes prepared by each pod. Following the feast, students were invited to present their Google slideshow to the group.
"The interdisciplinary projects are a lot of work. It requires a lot of communication among the staff, and it's a mix of structured and unstructured time, which isn't easy for our kids," said John. "But I also think it's really important, and I hope we can continue the tradition next year."


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All the pre-draft news conferences conducted by NFL teams have to be taken with a grain of salt.
With that being said, the Vikings held their presser on Tuesday and vice president of player personnel Rick Spielman made it clear the team has plenty of options with the 12th overall pick and one includes moving back in Thursday's night opening round.
"I know one thing, we're going to get a very good football player," Spielman told reporters at Winter Park. "What position? I don't know what it's going to be? I know we have six or seven options at that pick, all different positions. There are a couple multiple players at the same position.
"We've stacked those guys, if both of them were there, how we would take them off accordingly. So we've also been very active on the phones, trying to trade back. We've had three or four teams, already called us, on potentially moving up to the 12th spot. So we're going to look at all of those options. But a lot of that won't happen until we're actually on the clock."
There is the potential scenario under which the Vikings could drop back in the first round, take a quarterback and also get a third-round pick to replace the one they lost last season in the Randy Moss trade. Spielman made it clear a few months back that he would like to get a third-rounder.
"If you can get a player you like and get a third-round pick, you'd think we've had a very successful draft," Spielman said. "But there are players we have already talked about that, if he's sitting there at 12, we're not going to move. We're going to take that player because we think he's that significant of a player that we wouldn't want to trade out."
With the Vikings still working under the policies dictated by the NFL when the lockout started, the team isn't talking to teams about trades or potential free agents, meaning its quarterback situation is still very much up in the air. Right now, Joe Webb and Rhett Bomar would be the two quarterbacks on the roster.
Although Frazier voiced confidence in Webb, there is little chance he will be the Vikings' starting quarterback. There have been rumors the team is going to pursue veteran Donovan McNabb, who currently is with the Washington Redskins.
Spielman denied the Vikings are pursuing McNabb -- a move that would not be legal. "We're not saying anything because we can't talk about a player on another roster and we can't do any business and I know we haven't," Spielman said. "We haven't even discussed it."
Frazier has made it clear his preference would be to go with a young quarterback, if that's possible.
"When I said earlier about ideally being able to draft a guy and develop him, that would be the ideal situation," Frazier said. "I referenced a couple of guys, three guys, that have done it in the last couple of years – [Mark] Sanchez, [Joe] Flacco and Matt Ryan down in Atlanta – and hopefully that will be the case for us, but who knows who is going to be there at 12 and if the guy we want is going to be there at 12 or not. Who knows?
"We'll have to wait and see what happens and play it by ear from that point on. ... You really can't get into speculation about other people's players at other teams, so you can't even go down that road. Hopefully things will fall how they should for the Minnesota Vikings at 12 or whatever pick we use."
Finally, Spielman was asked about a report that the Vikings are in talks with Cleveland about trading out of the first round. The Vikings reportedly would get a first-round pick from the Browns in 2012 and a second-rounder this year.
"I'm never going to rule anything out," Spielman said when asked if he would deal out of the opening round. "If it's that significant of [deal] … where you say, 'Man, look at what we could potentially have …' But you've also got to weigh in what you need, too, and how bad would you hurt your football team this year. But I would never rule anything out."
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text: Still a mystery: The developmental endocrinolgy branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is sponsoring a brief conference in Bethesda, Md., on premature ovarian failure. The condition affects an estimated one woman in 10,000 by age 20, one in 1,000 by age 30 and one in 100 by age 40, says Dr. Lawrence Nelson, a National Institutes of Health researcher who will lead the discussion. "With women delaying child-bearing because of their professional lives, this is a real significant problem," says Nelson. The condition was first diagnosed by a National Institutes of Health investigator in the early 1960s, "and 30 years later it's still a mystery," Nelson says.


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Click here for the slide show of the book: Entangled Slide Show
A contemporary story for young adults and those young at heart. Enjoy a story of family drama, sibling rivalry, and new adult love.
Suspense… Mystery… Family drama… Sibling rivalry between half-brothers, and… Romance.
Is it plausible that —in today's current world — a father can dictate to whom his children will marry?
Is it plausible that —in today's world — a thirty-year old man would give up passion and the woman he loves to marry another where there is no passion and he does not love in order to succeed his father at his father's business empire?
Wealthy, Old Man Arthur Bosch, self-made man from the Midwest now residing along the Main Line of Philadelphia, wants to retire. He has seven children, six with four wives, and one from a love affair.
Of the three sons most capable of taking over his company, Graham Parker, illegitimate son, is the logical choice. However, Old Man Bosch wants Graham to marry into a well-established Main Line Family. Graham wants the pretty, young secretary that works for the family company.
If Graham does not marry his long-time girlfriend, he will not succeed his father. Graham's two half-brothers conspire to get Graham to choose the secretary, leaving room for one of them to succeed their father.
What will Graham do—love or success? Whom will he choose?


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Shrimp Creole
4 tbsp butter
5 tbsp flour
1/2 c. chopped onion
1/4 c. chopped bell pepper
1/4 c. chopped celery
2 tbsp chopped garlic
1 - 8 oz can tomato sauce
3 c. water
Chopped parsley and onions tops
Salt, cayenne to taste
3 # fresh shrimp peeled and deveined
Melt butter, add flour and cook to a medium brown roux. Add onion, celery, bell pepper, garlic and cook until tender. Add tomato sauce, simmer about 5 minutes. Add water and seasoning, simmer 15 minutes. Add shrimp and simmer 15-20 minutes, adjust seasoning, garnish with onion tops and parsley, serve over fresh rice. © 1984 John Albrecht, CEC
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