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Did you know you can create your own Linux AWS EC2 AMI which is running 100% ZFS for all filesystems (/, /boot - everything)? You can, and it's not too hard as long as you are experienced with installing Linux without an installer. Here's the rough instructions for setting this up with a modern Debian based system (I've tested with Debian and Ubuntu). As far as I know, this is the first published account of how to set this up. There aren't any prebuilt AMIs available that I know of, but I might just do that unless someone else beats me to it.
Why run ZFS for the root filesystem? Not only is ZFS a high performing filesystem, but using native ZFS for everything makes storage management a cinch. For example, want to keep your root EBS volumes small? No problem - keep your AMI on a 1GB volume (yes, it's possible to be that small), and extend the ZFS pool dynamically at runtime by attaching additional EBS volumes as needed. ZFS handles this extremely well.
Why build your own AMI instead of using a prebuilt one? There's a couple of good reasons, but the primary one is that you get a minimal AMI with the least bit of cruft and bloat possible. Many of the prebuilt cloud AMIs have a bunch of package installed that you might not need or want. By building from scratch, your AMI contains just the things you want, not only lowering EBS costs, but potentially reducing security risks.
Note that we don't do anything special with ephemeral drives here - that's best kept in it's own ZFS pool anyway, since mixing EBS and ephemeral drives will have some interesting performance consequences. You can use ephemerals on an instance, of course (in fact, it works great to stripe across all ephemeral drives, or you could use SSD ephemerals for ZFS L2ARC) - that's just not the purpose of this article.
These instructions will only create an AMI that will boot on an HVM instance type. Although it's easy enough to create a snapshot that can be registered separately as both HVM or PV AMI, all new AWS instance types support HVM. Because of this, I've decided only to support newer instance types, hence HVM-only.
I've tested this with the upcoming Debian Stretch ("testing" as of this writing), as well as Ubuntu Yakkety. It should work with Ubuntu Xenial as well, but I wouldn't try anything earlier, since ZFS support is relatively new and maturing rapidly (last time I tried Debian Jessie with 100% ZFS I found that grub was too old to support booting into ZFS, although a separate EXT4 /boot works fine. This may have changed since then).
Again, these instructions assume you are pretty familiar with installing Debian via debootstrap, which means manually provisioning volumes, partitioning them, creating filesystems, bootstrapping, and chrooting in for final setup. If you don't know what all these things mean, you might find this a difficult undertaking. Unlike installing to your own hardware, there's very little instrumentation if things go wrong, and only a read-only console (if you are lucky - if networking does not initialize properly, you might not even get that). Expect this to take a few iterations and some frustration - this is a general guide, not step-by-step instructions!
If you've ever installed a Debian based system from scratch, you'll note that most of these steps are no different than you'd do on physical hardware. There are only a few things that are AWS specific, but the vast majority is exactly how you'd install on bare metal.
Step 1 - Prepare Host Instance
Fire up a host instance to build out the AMI. This doesn't need to be the same distribution or version as the AMI to be built, but it has to be recent enough to have ZFS. Debian Jessie (with jessie-backports) or Ubuntu Xenial will work.
We'll use this instance (the "host") to build out the target AMI, and if things don't go well we can come back to it and try again (so don't terminate it until you are ready, or have a working target AMI).
Once the host instance is up, provision a GP2 EBS volume via the AWS console and attach it to the host. We use a 10GB volume, but you could make this as small as 1GB if you really want to (be aware GP2 doesn't perform well with small volumes).
We'll assume the newly provisioned volume is attached at /dev/xvdf. The actual device might vary, use "dmesg" if you aren't sure.
Next, update /etc/apt/sources.list with the full sources list for your host distribution. For Debian, use "main contrib non-free" - and you'll need jessie-backports if the host is Jessie. For Ubuntu, use "main restricted universe multiverse".
Next, install ZFS and debootstrap:
$ apt update
$ apt install zfs-zed zfsutils-linux zfs-initramfs zfs-dkms debootstrap gdisk
Step 2 - Prepare Target Pools And Filesystems
Now it's time to set up ZFS on the new EBS volume. Assuming the target volume device is /dev/xvdf, we'll create a GPT partition table with a small GRUB EFI partition and leave the rest of the disk for ZFS.
Be careful - many instructions out on the net for ZFS munge the sector geometry, or fake sgdisk into using an unnatural alignment. The following is correct (per AWS documentation) not only for EBS, but is the exact same geometry I use when installing Linux with ZFS root on physical hardware.
$ sgdisk -Zg -n1:0:4095 -t1:EF02 -c1:GRUB -n2:0:0 -t2:BF01 -c2:ZFS /dev/xvdf
This will create a small partition labelled GRUB (type EF02, 4096 sectors), and use the rest of the disk with a partition labelled ZFS (type BF01). The grub partition doesn't technically need to be as big as 4096 sectors, but this insures everything is aligned properly.
It's worth noting that I never give ZFS a full disk, and instead I always use partitions for ZFS pools. If you give ZFS the entire disk, it will create it's own partition table, but waste 8MB in a Solaris partition that Linux has no use for.
OK, great, next up let's create our ZFS pool and set up some filesystems. This will set the target up in /mnt. You can choose any mount point you want, just remember to use it consistently if you choose a different one.
I use the ZFS pool name "rpool", but you can choose a different one, just be careful to substitute yours everywhere.
You may want different options - this will globally enable lz4 compression and disable atime for the pool. You may want to disable compression generally and only enable it for specific filesystems. The choice is up to you. We also allow overlay mount on /var. This is an obscure but important bit - when the system initially boots, it will log to /var/log before the /var ZFS filesystem is mounted. Because the mount point is dirty, ZFS won't mount /var without setting the overlay flag. Note that /dev/xvdf2 is the second GPT partition we created above.
$ zpool create -o ashift=12 -O compression=lz4 -O atime=off -m none -R /mnt rpool /dev/xvdf2
$ zfs create -o mountpoint=/ rpool/root
$ zfs create -o mountpoint=/home rpool/home
$ zfs create -o mountpoint=/tmp rpool/tmp
$ zfs create -o overlay=on -o mountpoint=/var rpool/var
You may wish to have different ZFS filesystems, of course. And note we don't set any quotas - we let all our filesystems share the entire storage pool.
At this point, the usual storage commands should show everything mounted up and ready for bootstrap ("zpool status", "zfs list", "df", etc).
Step 3 - Bootstrap The Target
Now we'll install our target distribution on the newly provisioned volume. There's not much to do in this step:
$ debootstrap --arch amd64 stretch /mnt
Or if for Ubuntu Yakkety:
$ debootstrap --arch amd64 yakkety /mnt
Note that we can do this cross-distribution. We can bootstrap Ubuntu from a Debian host, or a Debian target from an Ubuntu host.
Step 4 - Chroot Into Target
Next up we need to chroot into the target before doing final configuration.
$ mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
$ mount --rbind /proc /mnt/proc
$ mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
$ chroot /mnt
At this point, you should have a root shell into the target system.
Step 5 - Finalize Target Configuration
Now we'll do some final configuration. Some of the steps here are different between Debian and Ubuntu, but the general theme is the same.
Update /etc/apt/sources.list with the full sources list for your target distribution. For Debian, use "main contrib non-free". For Ubuntu, use "main restricted universe multiverse". Be sure you are setting up sources.list for your target distribution, not the host like we did before!
Install packages, but be sure NOT to install grub when it asks - you'll have to acknowledge that this will result in a broken system (for now, anyway).
$ apt update
# Debian
$ apt install linux-image-amd64 linux-headers-amd64 grub-pc zfs-zed zfsutils-linux zfs-initramfs zfs-dkms cloud-init gdisk locales
$ ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab
# Ubuntu
$ apt install linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic grub-pc zfs-zed zfsutils-linux zfs-initramfs zfs-dkms cloud-init gdisk
# All
$ dpkg-reconfigure locales # Choose en_US.UTF-8 or as appropriate
$ apt install --no-install-recommends openssh-server
Note creating the symlink to /etc/mtab for Debian - There was a bug in ZFS that relied on using /etc/mtab. We got that bug fixed in Ubuntu by Canonical, but as of a couple of months ago, Stretch didn't yet have the fix - it's probably fixed in Debian as well by now.
On Debian, I found I needed to modify GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX in /etc/default/grub with the following. Note escaping '$':
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="boot=zfs \$bootfs"
This additional step might go away (or already be resolved) with a newer version of ZFS and grub in stretch. You could (should) probably add this to the grub.d configuration we add later, rather than here.
Verify grub and ZFS are happy. This is very important. If this step doesn't work, there's no point in continuing - the target will not boot.
$ grub-probe /
This verifies that grub is able to probe filesystems and devices and has ZFS support. If this returns an error, the target system isn't going to boot.
Everything is good, so let's install grub:
$ grub-install /dev/xvdf
Note we give grub the entire EBS volume of xvdf, not just xvdf1. This is important (installing to just the GRUB partition will result in a non-booting system).
Again, if this fails, you'll need to diagnose why and potentially start over, as you won't have a bootable target system.
Now we need to add a configuration file for grub to set a few things. To do this, create a file in "/etc/default/grub.d/50-aws-settings.cfg":
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="console=tty1 console=ttyS0 ip=dhcp tsc=reliable net.ifnames=0"
This will configure grub to log as much as possible to the AWS console, get an IP address as early as possible, and force TSC (time source) to be reliable (an obscure boot parameter required for some AWS instance classes). net.ifnames is set so ethernet adapters are enumerated as ethX instead of ensXX.
Now, let's update grub:
$ update-grub
You might want to check "/boot/grub/grub.cfg" at this stage to see if the zfs module will be probed and it's got the right boot line (vague advice, I know).
Finally, set the ZFS cache and reconfigure - these might be unnecessary, but since this works, I superstitiously don't skip it :-).
$ zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache rpool
$ dpkg-reconfigure zfs-dkms
Now, just a few sundry things left to do.
Update "/etc/network/interfaces" with:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
Again note that we've altered the boot commandline so network devices will be enumerated as ethX, instead of ensXX.
Don't drop this config into "/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0.cfg" - cloud-init will blacklist that configuration.
Finally, you may wish to provision and configure a user (cloud-init will set up a "debian" or "ubuntu" user already by default). You may want to give root user a secure passwd and update /etc/ssh/sshd_config to allow PermitRootLogin if this is appropriate for your environment and security policies.
Step 6 - Quiesce Target Volume
Before creating an AMI, we need to exit the chroot, unmount everything, export the pool - basically quiesce the target so the volume can be snapshot.
Exit the chroot:
$ exit
Now, you should be back in the host instance.
Unmount the bind mounts (we use the lazy option, otherwise unmounts can fail):
$ umount -l /mnt/dev
$ umount -l /mnt/proc
$ umount -l /mnt/sys
And finally, export the ZFS pool.
$ zpool export rpool
Now, "zpool status", "df", etc should show that our target filesystems are unmounted, and /dev/xvdf is free to be safely cloned. If anything here fails (unmounting, exporting), the target will not be in a good state and won't boot.
Step 7 - Snapshot EBS And Create AMI
Now we are all set to create an AMI from our target EBS volume.
In the AWS console, take a snapshot of the target EBS volume - this should take a minute or two.
Next, also in the AWS console, select the snapshot and register a new AMI. Be sure to register as HVM and set up ephemeral mappings as you wish. Don't mess with kernel ID and other parameters.
Step 8 - Launch And Add Storage
Once registered, launch your shiny new AMI on an instance and enjoy ZFS root filesystem goodness.
If your instance never comes up, take a look at the console logging available in the AWS console. This is the only real avenue you have to debug a failed launch, and it's very limited. If grub fails, the log might be empty. If networking fails, the log should have some details, but the instance will not be reachable.
A very useful debugging technique for AMIs is to terminate the instance, but don't destroy the EBS volume - instead, attach the volume to another instance and import the ZFS pool there. This will allow you to look at logs so hopefully you can figure out why the boot failed.
If the instance doesn't come up, you can re-import the ZFS pool on the host used to stage the target and try to fix it (remember above, I suggested leaving the host and target EBS volume around so you can iterate on it). Do the bind mounts before your chroot, and don't forget to unmount everything and export the pool before taking another snapshot.
Login with the "debian" or "ubuntu" users (with the default passwords), if provisioned by default cloud-init - or however they are provisioned by cloud-init if you customize it. Or login as root if you set the root passwd and modified ssh configuration to allow root login.
Did it work? If so great! If not, give it another try, paying careful attention to any errors, as well as scouring output of dkms builds, etc. This isn't completely straightforward, and it took me a few tries to get things figured out.
Now, let's show the power of ZFS by adding 100GB, which will be available across the entire rpool, without having to fracture filesystems, mount new storage to it's own directory, or move files around to the new device.
Assuming we used a 10GB EBS volume for the AMI, our pool probably looks something like:
$ zpool list
rpool 9.94G 784M 9.22G - 0% 0% 1.00x ONLINE -
In the AWS console, create a new 100GB GP2 EBS volume and attach it to your running instance.
Assuming the volume is attached as /dev/xvdf, let's extend rpool into this new volume:
$ sgdisk -Z -n1:0:0 -t1:BF01 -c1:ZFS /dev/xvdf
$ zpool add rpool /dev/xvdf1
This partitions the volume with a new GPT table, using everything for ZFS (again, I don't like giving ZFS the raw volume, as it will waste a bit of space when it partitions the volume for Solaris compatibility). Finally, we extend rpool onto the new volume.
That's it! Now we see:
$ zpool list -v
rpool 109G 784M 109G - 0% 0% 1.00x ONLINE -
xvda1 9.94G 735M 9.22G - 7% 7%
xvdf1 99.5G 48.7M 99.5G - 0% 0%
We've added 100GB of storage completely transparently, and unlike creating a traditional EXT or XFS volume we don't have to mount it into a new directory - with ZFS the storage is just there, and available to all our ZFS filesystems.
Thanks For Reading
Hope that helps for anyone else looking to run ZFS exclusively in AWS. While not as easy as taking an off-the-shelf prebuilt AMI, you end up with an AMI that has only a minimal Debian or Ubuntu install - you know exactly want went into it, and the process for doing so.
If you run into any issues trying this, you can indirectly contact me by commenting on this blog entry, or try in ##aws on Freenode.


text: I returned a WRT54G router ver 2.2 for a dropping connection problem and it was replaced by a version 3. I noticed on the left side on the front of the router the "Cisco Systems" logo briefly lights up orange then white during power up. I find no mention of this LED in the user guide. Anyone have any idea what this is for or is intended for a future upgrade. Thanks Chris

subset: commoncrawl


text:
28497 County Highway 145
Battle Lake, MN 56515
21600 State Hwy 78 Battle Lake, MN
2100 State Hwy 78 Battle Lake, MN
Always an enjoyable experience to go to Ken's Bait Shop. He always has the most up-to-date fishing report and his bait is always top notch. I would definitely recommend him to family.4
I live in Arizona and only go to ottertail once a year but when we go fishing kens is the place we go before fishing its the best place to go i would recommend this bait shop to a friend5
Great tips on where to go and they have shiners! Appreciate the time Gary gave us in preparing our equipment and showing us where to go on Otter Tail Lake. Great results! JL5


text:
Hardware Roundup: Monday Edition
Posted: 05:57AM
Author: Nemo
Let's get things started this week with a look at a pair of video cards. The first product up for review is the ASUS GTX560 TI DirectCUII TOP ENGTX560 video card. We follow that up with the MSI Radeon HD 6870 1GB HAWK video card. Also in our roundup today is a hard drive docking station from Zalman, a set of 2.1 3D speakers from Antec's soundscience product line and more.
Quick Review: OCZ Platinum XTE Series PC3-16000 4GB Kit @ TweakTown
Jetway Mini-ITX NC98-525E-LF Motherboard MultiMedia @ Madshrimps
soundscience rockus™ 3D | 2.1 Speaker @ [H]ardOCP
Storage/Hard Drives
Zalman ZM-MH200 Dual HDD Docking Station @ PC Perspective
ASUS ENGTX560 Ti DCII TOP Video Card @ Benchmark Reviews
MSI Radeon HD 6870 1GB HAWK Overclocked Video Card @ TweakTown
The Star Wars Saga Blu-rays - Will The Force Be With Us? @ TweakTown


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Our ethically made products are made in kind conditions. These products are made in places with fair wages, working conditions, and do not tolerate child labor, making the world a kinder place. They are created responsibly. While not every imported item we sell is certified fair trade, we still ensure that they are created under fair conditions and only choose to work with companies who have similar philosophies regarding the production of their products.
Many of our imported products are Fair Trade Certified. Purchasing a Fair Trade Certified item means that you're contributing to an entire community and ethical labor practices abroad. The manufacturers of these products have been rigorously screened by, and fully commit to, the Fair Trade Federation's principles of fair trade.
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Montecito Activities
Butterfly Beach
Rated best for people watching and a great beach walk.
A delightful quarter mile long beach sits right at the foot of the Biltmore Hotel and Coral Casino. There is plenty of room to relax and enjoy the sun and surf or a walk in either direction at lower tides. The people watching is great too. Read story.
Spectacular Oaks, a Pretty Stream and Oprah Nearby
e of the most beautiful strolls through an oak woodland environment. Almost entirely level. The oak forests are deep in the heart of Montecito and provide a glimpse of why this area received its name which means "little forest" or "little woods" in Spanish. Read story.
Eucalyptus Lane
Though not well known, a hidden jewel.
Hidden at the foot of San Ysidro Road, Eucalyptus Lane provides beach access both to Fernald or Hammond's points. There are excellent tide pools, long stretches of beach, and a host of beautiful homes to enjoy. Read story.
Greenwell Trail
Connecting Summerland to the Greater Montecito Trails Network
Provides access to a number of parts of Summerland as well as the Montecito Valley. Read story.
Polo Club Trail
A Quiet Trail Loaded with Hidden Delights
From the Greenwell Preserve to Toro Canyon, you'll spy down onto several of the finest stables and polo fields in the area. Read story.
Valley Club Loop
Catch a glimpse of several of the most exclusive riding clubs to be found here as well as a combination of trails which allow you a glimpse of Montecito you won't see any other way. Read story.


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Quick Reference
Though they only recorded a single album, 1984's Rock Offensive debut for Exit Records, First Strike were one of the more melodically articulate hard rock bands of the mid-80s. Comprising ...
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text: Our Team Lachlan McIntosh CEO Lachlan has over eighteen years professional experience working as an information technology consultant. He has extensive commercial experience supporting applications and networks ranging from two PC's to networks with 5,000 PC's. Lachlan regularly attends and participates in Microsoft TechEd and Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference and is sought after for his combined network and applications expertise, particularly with mission critical line of business applications based on .NET and SQL Server technologies. At Directions Technology, Lachlan regularly leads complex server migration projects including application conversions, Lotus and Novell to Windows Migrations. Additionally, Lachlan has specialist virtualisation and disaster planning expertise. Keira McIntosh General Manager Keira's background includes 12 years managing a variety of small and medium businesses, giving her a unique insight into the requirements of Directions Technology's clients. Keira has worked with Directions Technology as an Account Manager for 5 years and works closely with clients to formulate strategic plans to align their IT environment with their business requirements and goals. Keira is an MCP and was selected by Microsoft as the Australian Partner Area Lead for 2010/11, representing Australian small and medium business interests to Microsoft globally. She is a member of the Microsoft Partner Advisory Board and a member of the SMB IT Professionals Association.


text:
If someone gives you images: check with them as to where those photos came from, and get record of written permission from the photographer and the people in the photos, if needed.
You can use photos taken at public events or in public spaces or common areas without a signed release, but photos taken inside classrooms need signed releases from everyone in the photo.
Download the UFV Photo Video Release Form
Read more about UFV and copyright at ufv.ca/copyright


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The name COPD may not be familiar to you, but it's likely the symptoms are. Someone you know is beginning to show signs that his or her lungs aren't working right -- except the symptoms can be so subtle you may not realize that's what's going on. Or -- even scarier -- it might be you, and you may have no symptoms at all, and yet your lungs have already suffered irreparable damage. Known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for the progressive nature of the damage and the fact that it prevents air from reaching all the airways in the lungs, COPD is one of the most under-recognized diseases around.
Why are doctors and researchers suddenly so concerned that people don't know about COPD? Because the latest numbers are terrifying. According to a study in the September 10, 2011, issue of The Lancet, COPD will strike one in four adults over the age of 35, a much higher percentage than previously reported. According to Andrea Gershon, the researcher who led the study, the average woman in her mid-30s is more than three times as likely to develop COPD, a progressive and potentially fatal lung disease, as breast cancer. And a man in his 30s is more than three times as likely to develop COPD as prostate cancer. Here's what we all need to know about COPD to protect ourselves.
Why COPD can be considered an epidemic
COPD may not spread from person to person as an infectious disease, but its numbers are rising, and the number of people dying from it is higher every year. Another problem is that COPD is underreported, and the disease often goes unrecognized until people are very ill. Consider these scary facts:
COPD is now the third-leading cause of death in America, claiming the lives of 124,000 Americans a year, according to the American Lung Association.
Mortality from COPD has increased 22 percent in the last decade.
According to the latest estimates, there may be as many as 16 million people in the United States currently diagnosed with COPD.
An additional 14 million or more people in the U.S. may have COPD but haven't been diagnosed because they have few symptoms and haven't sought health care yet. (Many smokers delay seeking treatment for "smoker's cough" because they dread receiving bad news.)
Who gets COPD
Best known as a smoker's disease, COPD does strike smokers and people who smoked when they were younger at much higher rates than nonsmokers. But lung damage from smoking only accounts for a portion of COPD cases, and experts are still trying to sort it all out. For example, women die from COPD in higher numbers than men, yet fewer women smoke. Other factors associated with COPD include exposure to workplace chemicals, secondhand smoke, asthma, a history of childhood respiratory disease, and other lung diseases that cause lung damage. The latest study followed, for 14 years, 13 million adults in the Canadian health registry who were in their mid-30s and older. Here's what it tells us about who gets COPD:
Men: 30 percent of all men will get COPD in their lifetime, and 60,000 men will die from COPD, according to the Canadian study.
Women: 25 percent of all women will get COPD in their lifetime, and 64,000 women a year will die from COPD. Note that although the percentage of women with COPD is lower, more women die of the disease.
People in rural areas: 32 percent of people who live in rural areas get COPD.
People in urban areas: While at lower risk than those in rural areas, 26.7 percent of urban dwellers nevertheless get COPD.
COPD risks and precautions
What causes COPD -- and how to protect yourself
Smoking is by far the highest risk factor for COPD, but it's not the only one. Here are the top six ways your lungs can get damaged, and what to do:
1. Smoking
The prevalence of COPD among smokers is still under study, but recent research has put it as high as 50 percent. That means that eventually half of all smokers will develop the disease. So what to do? If you smoke, quit now, using these ten great tips to help you stop.
2. Working in a hazardous environment
Those exposed regularly to dust, chemical fumes, and other respiratory irritants or toxins in the workplace have a higher incidence of COPD. If you work around toxins, talk to your supervisor about air quality and what can be done to improve it. Wearing a respirator mask, using air filters, and other technologies can make a big difference.
3. Suffering from asthma
This is an area where researchers are still trying to sort out a chicken-and-egg cycle, but there's no question that asthmatics develop COPD at higher rates. One recent study in Australia found that more than 40 percent of adults who had severe childhood asthma developed COPD by the age of 50 -- a 32-fold higher risk compared to the risk for those without asthma. If you have asthma, make sure you're getting good medical care and controlling your asthma aggressively, using medications and avoiding triggers to protect your lungs from damage.
4. Respiratory infections
Studies have found that people who had a history of childhood respiratory infections or who suffer repeated bouts of bronchitis and pneumonia are at risk for COPD. While you can't change your medical history, you can make sure from now on that when you develop a respiratory infection, it's adequately treated to prevent lung damage. See a doctor for coughs and breathing problems that don't go away after a few days or if you feel phlegm or pressure in your chest.
5. Secondhand smoke
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), passive smoking is associated with a 10 to 43 percent increase in risk of developing COPD. The more exposure you have, the worse the damage. So while you don't need to worry so much about an occasional smoky bar, you do need to worry if a family member, coworker, or friend is regularly smoking near you in a closed car or room. Start being vigilant about asking people not to smoke near you, and when all else fails, go stand near an open window for the sake of your lungs.
6. Smog, smoke, and air pollution
One study found that people who live near coal-burning power plants have a higher incidence of COPD; another study found that women who cooked over wood fires had high rates of COPD. Pay attention to the air quality where you live and work, and look for ways to improve it. Don't burn wood fires in enclosed spaces, and don't burn green or wet wood, which is smokier. Use fans and open your windows when cooking, and don't be afraid to demand more stringent pollution controls from your local government if there's a violator in your area.


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The ATA-2 Fast ATA specification boasts a 16.6MBps rate for data transfer from a drive's buffer to system memory. However, you are unlikely to achieve this rate under real-world IDE implementations because of the limitations of existing drives and the command overhead that the ATA interface requires. Even the fastest IDE/ATA hard disks aren't capable of much more than a 10MBps sequential transfer rate (from drive to drive buffer). Furthermore, the buffer transfers on most IDE systems are 4KB in size. Thus, a drive takes about 400 microseconds (4KB ÷ 10MBps) to read 4KB of data into its buffer at 10MBps. Fast ATA's 16.6MBps transfer rate can easily keep pace, so there shouldn't be a problem, right? Wrong.
Although the ATA interface is doing its job in this situation, a hidden factor limits the 10MBps (the drive's maximum transfer rate in the example) performance ceiling: command turnaround time. Command turnaround time is the overhead associated with the operations of the ATA/ATA-2 command set. (The host system's CPU speed also slightly affects command turnaround time.) Most PCs have command turnaround times in the neighborhood of 275 microseconds. For controllers to keep pace with the faster ATA/ATA-2 hard disks, command turnaround time needs to be about 150 microseconds. Thus, an ATA-2 controller cannot grab data as fast as it arrives in the drive's buffer, resulting in a phenomenon known as slipped revolutions. Because the drive's buffer is full and cannot accept more data, the drive platters must spin idly until the ATA interface can catch up and free space in the buffer. This delay causes other delays that limit the performance of ATA-2 drive subsystems.


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We offer three innovative technologies to meet your needs: Keystone Care, which uses sensor-based monitoring for fall risk assessment and early illness detection; Keystone Convert, which streamlines data conversion; and Keystone Connect, which provides a communications portal for senior living.
These health solutions have been developed to significantly improve patient care, data access, and senior independence.LEARN MORE


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Moscow/April 20, 2016/ This year at Neftegaz 2016, Jereh Group, the leading oil and gas equipment manufacturer and engineering service provider, displays one-stop energy economic solutions from equipment manufacturing, parts supply to maintenance services along with the downturn of energy price and sluggish economic growth.
Following the theme of "We Deliver the Difference", there are real exhibit displayed such as completion tools and high pressure flowline products, as well as its competitive tailored equipment solutions for the need of Russian operations. After 10 years of growth, Jereh's cementing unit, nitrogen pumping unit and coiled tubing unit have good track record in Russian, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc. On April 19, Jereh one-stop flowline product workshop was held at seminar hall to introduce its high-quality and reliable parts of plunger pump, coiled tube, well control equipment and wellhead equipment as well as their assessments to ensure quality and safety. There are strict API Q1 quality system to manage the whole process, and all the products have the only traceable information.
In addition, regarding the maintenance and rebuilding services, Jereh has a well-experienced team standby to tackle it. In 2015, the after-sales center was set up already to better serve the local market needs. "In the long term, we are positive to the future of Russia market. Taking customer demand into consideration, we are trying to find out methods to optimize procurement costs and maximize flexibility. "said Mr. Fan Zhiqiang, Vice President of Jereh Russia and Central Asia Region.
The industry's impressive growth is being overshadowed by concerns how firms can adjust to the new lower price environment. For Jereh, customer-centered value is constantly shared by all its teams since the foundation in 1999. Every challenge provides an opportunity to perfect and exceed ourselves instead of frustration.


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OFFICIAL: Rate & Review Iron Man 2 continued...
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the last son
Join Date: Aug 2012
Posts: 5,103
Re: OFFICIAL: Rate & Review Iron Man 2 continued...
Just saw this movie for the second time. I have to say I enjoyed it this time. I remember just saying how awful the action is and for the most part it is. Just a lot of running and flying away for the most part. I also didn't like Howard being replaced but this time around I liked Cheadle a lot. He seemed more like a soldier to me than howard. Him and Downey had decent chemistry as well. The relationship between Potts and Stark I thought was kind of meh. All she did was complain to him the whole movie. But overall I give it 3.5/5. Good movie.
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All Films.All Above Board.NOW INCLUDES TV SHOWS & TV LISTINGS
Hong Kong action comedy co-written by and starring Jackie Chan. A trio of ne'er-do-wells - Fong (Chan), Octopus (Louis Koo), and Landlord (Michael Hui) - become embroiled in an elaborate plot to kidnap the grandson of a rich business tycoon. When events take a turn for the unexpected, the thieves end up taking care of the baby, and are forced to exchange their criminal lifestyles for nappy-changing and lullaby-singing duties.


text: When i'm in safari and I open a new tab, then change tabs, the page that opens always refreshes. This is especially annoying when I'm writing a comment, and it gets erased when I change tabs. Is there anyway to avoid this (Cydia app..)? I'm on iPad 3.2, in case the info is needed.


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Nokona Buffalo Combo Series: BC-1150M
Average Customer Review
This is a great glove with top notch leather featuring the classic Nokona walnut and also their premium buffalo. Unlike the walnut glove the combo features the buffalo leather making the glove lighter and more mobile than the full walnut. This glove comes with great shape and forms well to your likings.
Not a great amount of padding in the palm which is yet a pro and a con depending upon the position you play.
What do you think about the Nokona Buffalo Combo Series: BC-1150M?
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Got a question about the Nokona Buffalo Combo Series: BC-1150M ? Ask our team of experts, and they will respond within 24 hours.Ask A Question OR
Is this a good glove for a 9 year old?
The Nokona Buffalo Combo Series: BC1150M (AMG1150BCMT) features a standard fit for an adult. I would recommend the Nokona Alpha Select Series Baseball Glove: S-200 Youth for a 9 year old.
My daughter is 13 years old and needs a 12" glove. Her hands are small and she has a hard time squeezing a normal glove. What would be a good glove for her?
If she has a hard time squeezing an adult size glove, a youth glove may be a suitable solution. Youth gloves have tighter finger stalls and a smaller hand opening to create a more snug fit for a smaller hand. I would also recommend looking for a glove with soft leather as those have quicker break-in periods and are easier to close compared to gloves with high quality leather that are more stiff.
Is this glove a light enough glove to "turn two" with? I am looking for a glove that has a light enough weight to enhance a player's hand speed.
Yes, the Nokona Buffalo Combo Series: BC1150M (AMG1150BCMT) will be light enough to "turn two" with.
America's pastime. American made. Since 1934, Nokona has been producing ball gloves for America's pastime right here in the United States. Made with top-grain American hides provided by American ranchers, our leathers are tanned in the USA to Nokona's specifications. Nokona gloves are still produced in the very same small town in Texas, where Nokona all started in the 1920s. They are made by Americans who carefully cut, stamp, stitch, lace, and embroider each glove by hand. Each Nokona has its own unique identity and feel, based on the careful selection of leather per p.... read more
JustBallGloves.com Glove Care Kit
There are hundreds of ways to break-in a ball glove, but how many are actually done the right way. A poorly broke-in glove can negatively impact an athlete's performance. The Glove Care Kit is designed to help you break-in your new glove the correct way and help maintain your glove from season to season. This package provides everything you will need to get the glove game ready in the shortest amount of time. What makes this package unique is the one-of-a-kind wooden break-in mallet with baseball bat handle. The mallets design creates maximum comfort while you to speed up the break-in time and form a correct pocket. Also featured is a black, 210 denier polyester sport pack for carrying or storing your glove and cleats, and an oversized shaping ball and two oversized shaping bands to help form the shape of the pocket. You will also receive glove oil of your choice and an applicator sponge that is specifically made for applying oils to leather. To help you break-in your glove we have included a brochure with steps, tips, pictures, and detailed descriptions to make this process as easy as possible. Now you can also follow along online with our Glove Care Video which goes into even more detail on how to break-in your glove. This is a unique package that cannot be found anywhere else.
- "The Perfect Glove" Brochure
- 210 Denier Polyester Sport Pack
- Free Shipping
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- Wooden Break-In Mallet
Nokona Glove Conditioner
Glove oil can be a great asset to have when owning a glove. Oiling your glove provides many benefits, and can greatly increase the longevity of your glove when done properly. After purchasing a new glove, putting a light coat of oil on it prior to the break-in process can reduce the time it takes to get your glove ready to play. Incorporating a light oiling of your glove into your preseason ritual can also extend the life of your glove. Give the most attention to the laces and the pocket, as those two areas tend to take the brunt of the beating. Always wipe away dirt and debris from your glove before oiling, and wash your hands to ensure you're not transferring any unwanted grime to the leather. Be sure to use a towel or sponge to apply the oil. After applying oil to the sponge, gently rub it into the glove. It is imperative not to use too much oil, because too much can do more harm than none at all. Always remember to read the instructions on your bottle of glove oil prior to use, as they are there to help you. Free Shipping!
- Retreat Your Glove as Needed
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- Ideal for Break-In
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- * Nokona NLT Classic Glove Conditioner *
- Conditioner - Easier to Apply Compared to Liquefied Oils
Break it in. Use it in a game. If you don't Love Your Glove, we'll take it back and give you a full refund. Learn More
- 11.50 Inch Model
- Buffalo and Walnut Leather
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- Conventional Open Back
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- Made In Nocona, Texas U.S.A.
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The choice of gloves available and the quality of the gloves, along with the warranty and return policies, makes buying a glove from JustBallGloves.com, the #1 place to shop for a glove. When there was an issue with the shipping, JustBallGloves.com was great. They made it right, and right a way with no hassle.


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You are here
Michael Wojtychiw, Sports Editor
11:37 am CST February 11, 2018
As the boys swimming and diving season hits the home stretch, the area's top swimmers are looking to hit season bests and prepare for a hopefully lengthy postseason run.
© Copyright 2018, 22nd Century Media, LLC. All rights reserved.


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Welcome to KIROMINA Limousine, Car Service, Denver Airport Transportation of Denver Colorado. Now we offer Limousine Service in Boulder, Colorado Springs, Broomfield, Parker, Highlands Ranch, Castle Rock, Longmont.Denver Tech center ,We offer Airport Transportation to the DIA, Denver International Airport,
KIROMINA Limousine in Denver also Vail, Aspen, Breckenridge, , Caste Pines, Erie, , Beaver Creek.
Denver Limousine Rentals from the best limo company in Denver for Airport Transportation, stretch limousines, and more.
Welcome to KIROMINA Limousine where we take your transportation needs very seriously.
We specialize in airport service to DIA, Centennial airport and Rocky Mountain airport. Whether your coming to Denver for business or pleasure, KIROMINA Limousine will be at the airport when you need us and get you to every destination on time.
Please take a look at all the services we provide and call us anytime
Through our years of experience, we have been committed to catering to the needs of all our corporate or individual accounts. We currently provide transportation services for both large and small corporations or individuals throughout Colorado. So why should executives waste productive time (time is money) waiting in line for TAXI or rental cars, finding their way to meetings and searching for downtown parking? With our Colorado Corporate Limousine Service, you can conduct business or relax while your personal driver takes you safely and in comfort to your destination


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Inside Tiny House Floor Plans you'll find over 200 interior designs for tiny houses - 230 to be exact. A tiny house is exactly what it sounds like, a house with many of the amenities you'd expect in a home tucked neatly into a super small space. Often these homes are built on trailers giving them the added benefit of mobility. But these designs could also be built on your choice of foundation. Each chapter focuses on one size footprint to show what can be done inside each size space - 14 in all, (8x12, 8x16, 8x20, 8x24, 8x28, 8x32, 12x12, 12x12 + Loft, 12x16, 12x16 + Loft, 12x20, 12x20 + Loft, 12x24, 12x24 + Loft). The book is mostly illustrations with a short introduction. A detailed legend shows you how to read the floor plans making each drawing a wealth of information on how to pack a lot of utility into a tiny space. If you're considering simplifying your life, extreme downsizing, arranging your tiny apartment more efficiently, building a cabin or inlaw unit, and/or building your own mortgage-free tiny home, this book can help give you a head start on making your goals a reality.While minimalist lifestyles come with their own advantages, the transition can be hard to imagine. This book is packed with over 200 floor plans to help you visualize what it might be like to live in a tiny house.
|Tiny House Floor Plans
|Michael Janzen
|CreateSpace - 2012
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


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Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
We produce some of the finest wines available in the Pacific Northwest, and we offer them to you at very palatable prices. We invite you to join us for our complimentary wine tastings and discover for yourself why we're quickly becoming one of the region's favorite destinations for premium wines. And as an owner-operated winery we believe in offering you warm, personal service.
Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Spangler Vineyards & Winery


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Country of cultural variety
Population of Serbia consists approximately of 7.3 million people and it was always known as a border between east and west. Universities in Serbia focus on academic teaching and scientific knowledge with European standards.
The higher education system of Serbia is divided into 8 public and 10 private universities, which provide Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees. As an important advantage, diplomas of Serbian universities are recognized in all countries of the European Union. Having one gives you an extra advantage when searching for the work placement.
To obtain Bachelor's degree students need to study for 3–4 years, 1–2 year for Master's degree and 3 years for a Doctorate. When it comes to medical education, studying in one of faculties of pharmaceuticals, veterinary or dentistry will take about 5–6 years.
Tuition fees for higher education for foreigners are about 4 times more expensive than for the citizens of Serbia. Tuition fees in Serbia vary depending on the degree program and education institution student is applying for. Fees also may change every academic year. Therefore, it is best to check the university admissions document for up-to-date information. The most expensive faculties are considered to be faculties of architecture and medicine and the cheapest ones are faculties of physics, mathematics and chemistry.
When getting the higher education in Serbia, students will be able to travel to many European and non-European countries. Good choice are the neighbouring countries which are Croatia, which is boarding with Serbia on the northwest, Hungary on the north, Romania on the northeast, Bulgaria on the east, Macedonia on the south, and Albania, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the west.
Top 3 reasons to study in Serbia:
- Possibility to get a good-quality European education
- Opportunities to study and work partly in Serbian and English
- The capital, Belgrade, has excellent nightlife
Did you know this about Serbia?
- Serbia joined the Bologna Process in 2003.
- Serbia is one of the few countries in Europe that has a visa-free regime together with both the European Union and Russia.
- Vampire is originally a Serbian word, which is now used everywhere in the world.


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- slide 1 of 8
Teaming Up
When the Xbox 360 was introduced to the market, it was seen as game console. But the 360 also has numerous features - some which were included when it shipped, and some of which were added in later updates - which are designed to make the 360 a home media center. These features allow you to access all sorts of media stored on your computer and stream it to your Xbox 360, which is in turn connected to your TV or HDTV. This makes it possible to have an experience similar to owning a HTPC without having to build one, or layout too much extra cash.
However, these features are not as well explained as they could be. Most information about the 360 focuses on its primary role as a game console, and pays little attention to the advantages of setting it up as a media center. This guide will help you figure out how to set up your 360 as a media center, and outline the advantages to doing so.
- slide 2 of 8
In The Network
Obviously, you'll need to have some way of allowing your Xbox 360 to connect to one or more computers in your home. But deciding the best way to get the Xbox 360 onto the network is less obvious, and doubly so if you haven't been taking full advantage of Xbox Live, and don't already have your Xbox 360 hooked to a broadband connection.
The first thing you'll need is a home network. Even if your Xbox 360 is already hooked up to a broadband wired connection, you may not have a network. To make one, you'll first need to decide how to create your network . This will depend on your needs. If your Xbox 360 is close to your PC, or you already have the rooms in your home wired togather via Ethernet cables, then a wired connection is typically best. It is fast and stable. If your PC and your Xbox 360 are in different rooms, then a wireless network may be best. Alternatively, if you dislike wireless but need your 360 and PC to be in different areas of your home, a power line network is a solid choice.
Once your network is set up, you've made your first step towards getting your PC and Xbox 360 synced together.
- slide 3 of 8
Windows Media Center offers an integrated home theater experience for the PC. Many people use it with HTPCs, but it can also be used well with an Xbox 360. The Xbox 360 has the ability to communicate with a PC that has Windows Media Center installed, thus allowing you to access the Window Media Center on your TV. Once you've done this, the Xbox 360 can play all the files your PC with Windows Media Center normally could. Xbox 360, Windows Media Center
- slide 4 of 8
Prep Your PC
To get your PC and your Xbox 360 to communicate, you'll need to install Windows Media Center on your computer. If you have Vista Home Premium or Ultimate, you already have it. But if you're using XP, you may need to download it. You can download the program straight from Microsoft. Once you have done that, you'll need to sync your Windows Media Center software to your 360.
You can do this by going to Media section your Xbox 360, and then selecting Windows Media Center. You'll then be presented with instructions on the screen to which you Xbox 360 is attached. Most of this process is automated, but you will need to perform actions on both your console and your PC as the on-screen instructions dictate. There will be a point where you'll be given a code on the screen to which your 360 is attached, and you'll need to enter this code into your PC. Once that is completed, your PC and your Xbox 360 should be synced, and you're ready to play your content. You can do this buy using the Windows Media Center feature on your Xbox 360 console. Windows Media Center will communicate with the software on your PC. Remember when doing this that you can only play content that the Windows Media Center installation on your PC knows of. If you have files which you have not loaded into your Windows Media Center library, you won't be able to play them.
Alternatively, you can simply sync Windows Media Player 11 and your Xbox 360. Once you have Windows Media Player 11 installed, go to the library tab, then go to Media Sharing. Click on Share My Media, which will bring up any devices you can share with. Your Xbox 360 should show up, so select it, and click Allow. Once you've done this, you can go Music, Pictures, or Video areas of your Xbox 360, which will bring up a menu allowing you to select your PC. Once you've done so, you can start picking out what you'd like to play. This process is largely the same for both XP and Vista computers.
Of the two, I would recommend using the full Windows Media Center connection. The interface it is much better overall, and provides a smoother experience.
- slide 5 of 8
Using The Media Features
If you only have the Xbox 360 controller available, then navigating around the media features of your Xbox 360 is much the same as when navigating around game menus. You will be using the control sticks or the D-pad in order to move about the menus, and you will need to press the colored face buttons to perform various functions. This is generally not a quick way of manuevering through the menus, but it is fairly intuitive, and requires no additional purchase of hardware. It will, however, drain your controller's battery just about as quickly as playing a game.
If the control seems too unintuitive, then you can spring for the Xbox 360 Universal Remote. The universal remote works like any other remote control, and like most remotes, it does not go through batteries with as much speed as the 360 wireless controller. It includes buttons that allow you to easily skip through scenes in movies, access menus, and scroll through content. It also includes the Windows Media Center button. When your 360 is connected to a computer that has Windows Media Center installed, pressing this button will automatically bring up Windows Media Center on the TV your console is connected to. This gives you access to the fairly handy Media Center interface from which you can browse and play your content.
- slide 6 of 8
The Xbox 360 works not only with Windows Media Center, but also with other media sources. Thumb drives, MP3 players, and network devices can all be used as media sources for the Xbox 360. These media sources sync with the 360 in a variety of ways, however, so you need to know what works, how it works, and what hardware - such as the iPhone and iPod Touch - doesn't work at all. Xbox 360, Windows Media Center
- slide 7 of 8
Alternative Media Sources
Besides connecting directly to your computer, there are other ways to access your content through your Xbox 360. The Xbox 360 will accept connections from numerous USB devies, including digital cameras, music players, and even thumb drives.
To connect a music player or thumb drive, simply plug the device into the Xbox 360, select Media from the 360 guide, and then select Music Library. The music player, if supported, should show up as a Portable Device. You can then access from the music player interface on your 360. The Media section of the 360 guide includes basic controls, such as volume, play, and pause, which allow you to control the music remotely. Note that the Xbox 360 does not support playing music files from an iPhone or iPod Touch, but most other iPods are compatible.
Accessing video content works in much the same way, although you'll need to access it through the appropriate Library, i.e. you can't play your videos from the Music Library menus. The Xbox 360's video compatibility is fairly broad, allowing playback of numerous types of video files, without restrictions on bit-rates or resolution. A full list of supported video types can be found at the Microsoft's support website. The Xbox 360 does not support playing movie files from any Applie iPod device.
- slide 8 of 8
Don't Stop: Explore Xbox Live
I've covered all of the 360's media sharing abilities, but don't forget to use Xbox Live to your advantage. Using Xbox Live, you can rent movies, download television shows and arcade games, and gain access to Netflix content with a Netflix subscription. These features are not directly related to having a PC, but they fill the few gaps that exist in the Window Media Center scheme. Between synching with your PC, and your ability to pull content off of Xbox Live, there is very little that your 360 can't do that a dedicated HTPC can. Just remember that streaming content from your computer is generally free, while Xbox Live content typically costs money which is billed directly to the credit card you used for your Xbox Live subscription.


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Increase OLED light output by 100% with an Internal Light Extraction layer.Learn More
Pixelligent Technologies is the world's leading manufacturer of High Refractive Index Materials for Solid State Lighting, Displays and Optical Components.
Our high refractive index nanocrystal dispersions dramatically improve optical and mechanical properties to enable next-generation products. We disperse nanocrystals into a variety of solvents and polymer systems to create perfectly clear dispersions.Learn More
Our library of White Papers and Presentations illustrates how we achieve increased light output for Solid State Lighting, high dielectric constant for Display, and other benefits in our target applications.Learn More
Try our PixClear® 4-pack starter kit, which includes four of our most popular products. These materials are compatible with many polymers, including acrylics, siloxanes and epoxies. Start testing today to see the benefits in your application.Learn More


text: AB Publicity is a boutique public relations agency specializing in the arts/entertainment industry. We pride ourselves on having a hands-on approach; we go that extra mile, we love a challenge, understand the importance of research to help understand the show/event, provide comprehensive reporting and above all provide results – ensuring you sell tickets. {Read more ...}


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Hi there!
My name is Mary and I am the owner & lady behind the lens at Mockingbird Photo and I'm so happy you've wandered onto my site!
Photography for me is a chance to hold onto moments in life that seem to pass by us so quickly. Sometimes we can get so caught up in the moment that we forget to pause, look around and be humbled by how beautiful our world is. Photography gives us the second chance to relive moments over again and to pass down to generations or share with friends & family. How awesome is that?


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Worldwide Street Art or just tagging?
Since 1999, before the term 'Street Art' was even conceived, the acclaimed Toaster image has been prolifically and obsessively placed across the world by three people. Using stickers, posters and stencils on the streets along with banners in football stadiums and flags at music festivals their iconic Toaster has appeared 'Everywhere'.


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Multivariate Data Analysis refers to any statistical technique used to analyze data that arises from more than one variable. This essentially models reality where each situation, product, or decision involves more than a single variable. The information age has resulted in masses of data in every field. Despite the quantum of data available, the ability to obtain a clear picture of what is going on and make intelligent decisions is a challenge. When available information is stored in database tables containing rows and columns, Multivariate Analysis can be used to process the information in a meaningful fashion.
Among the various, multivariate tools available, The Unscrambler® stands out as an all-in-one multivariate data analysis software product. This product and related ones from CAMO are proven tools that have enabled different organizations solve their Multivariate Analysis requirements.


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The tenth edition of Art Dubai, the leading art fair in the Middle East opens today from March 16-19 at Madinat Jumeirah in Dubai.
According to the organisers, this year is the largest and most diverse fair line-up to date, with new galleries exhibiting in the Contemporary and Modern halls.
The first ever exhibition of its kind on the Philipines' art scene in Marker, ambitious new commission and projects, the largest non-to-profit educational programming of any international art fair worldwide and the return of the highly anticipated Global Art Forum.
"Art Dubai has come a long way over the past 10 years," says Antonia Carver, fair director, "and we're all excited to see the developments over the next decade. Our programme is unlike any other. We represent an art world that is truly global, has huge potential, and our programme foregrounds artistic discovery, ideas-generation and cultural exchange."
Art Dubai Contemporary includes 76 galleries from 35 countries while Art Dubai Modern includes 13 galleries from nine countries.
In its debut participation in Art Dubai, 1×1 Art gallery presented the work by six contemporary Indian artists.
"We have been in Dubai for last 20 years and we've just moved to new space recently in Al Aserkal Avenue," comments Malini Gulrajani, founder of 1×1 Art Gallery. "We used to worked only with Indian artist and we mostly had Indian clients and we were happy with working in this niche market. But recently, we have made the decision to expand our market and do things a bit differently. The world has changed and you have to open yourself to other areas and artists from other countries.
"Dubai art scene has changed a lot and 20 years ago it didn't exist and we are proud of being part of that process and that change, bringing the art to the fore. On the other hand, being in Dubai is a great advantage for galleries since it is in the middle of the world and we can do a lot from here."
Exploring the themes "The Future was", the tenth edition of the Global Art Forum will run from today until March 18 on Fort Island, Madinat Jumeirah. Commissioned by writer Shumon Basar, with Amal Khalaf and Uzma Rizvi as co-directors, the programme includes a series of 32 live talks, panels, and performances.


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Reading, Spelling & Comprehension
Reading, Spelling, Comprehension and Language Introduction
What is Dyslexia?
- Programs
- Reading Introduction
- Dyslexia
- Spelling
- Comprehenson/Language
- Reading Research Article
Reading/Dyslexia Link (Go to our Links/Information button to view the link)
Reading Programs Available at the Lear Educational Center
All Programs are designed to Compensate for Dyslexia
Programs are selected on an individual basis for each student
Wilson Fundations© Barbara Wilson, Author; K-1st
Wilson Reading and Language Program© Barbara Wilson, Author; 1st -Adult
(Lips®): Lindamood® Phoneme Sequencing, the better phonics program; Primary
(SI™): Seeing Stars® Symbol Imagery for decoding enhancement; Primary
(V/V®) Visualizing and Verbalizing® for Comprehension; K-Adult
PA Standard's "Coach®" Reading Programs; K-11
Remember, children get up every morning wanting to be like everyone else. The child who is having difficulties needs different tools to succeed. It usually means the student needs a program, delivery or study skill change.
What is Dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is of neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and / or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities, and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may included problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. (Definition adopted by the IDA Board of Dyslexia, November 12, 2002)
Finding the correct reading and language program is as important as finding the correct educational center to teach a program to your child.
Reading, Spelling and Comprehension programs vary. The best programs are a multi-sensory structured language (MSL) approach. There are only a few multi-sensory programs that have research to back their advertised outcomes. All of our programs are multi-sensory or are being taught with multi-sensory techniques which are backed by research. Our teachers have all passed through an instructional practicum and are continually monitored by a master teacher. We match the best Multi-sensory program with your child and individualize each session to their needs.
Following are the programs we frequently recommend. We are not limited to the programs listed. If you, or a referring physician, recommend a program not listed please ask about your preferred program when you call or during a consultation appointment.
It is also good to remember our teachers are experts with theses programs. They teach these programs, one to one, over a thousand hours a year.
Knowing how to spell, or encode, is based on our initial knowledge of the phonological coding system and is the direct reverse of the same knowledge used for decoding or reading. If we learn how to read using a language coding system then we can spell. It should be noted that accuracy can be impeded by our ability to discriminate sounds at the neurological level. This is not related to hearing but how our brain discriminates the sounds it has heard. Spelling can be about how the brain processes sounds. Please see the section on Auditory Processing Disorders.
Comprehension and Language
If students read the words but don't understand the meaning they are not really reading.
- Comprehension is why we read.
- We must understand language to communicate.
- Reading is communication.
The programs at the Lear Educational Center help to insure we can not only read but can also understand what we are reading.
- WE read to be safe
- We read to have fun
- We read to learn for school
- We read in our workplace
- We read to be informed the community we live in
Good readers know about knowing how to learn and comprehend. Learning how to learn is called Metacognition or "thinking about thinking." Good readers read with a purpose, are actively engaged in reading and understand an author's purpose in communication.
Students who are good readers know to use their resources when they do have a problem comprehending the text they are reading.
Many students have problems with their language development or processing abilities. Often this is due to poor vocabulary development. Poor vocabulary development can be due to a variety of problems. One problem is that the student has not been exposed to enough vocabulary in their school setting. Also, a student may not know how to study and remember the vocabulary they need, to be successful in school.
Comprehension of reading requires the following:
- Good decoding skills
- Strategies to figure out unknown words
- Good vocabulary base
- How to find help when needed
All Lear Educational Center reading programs offer:
- Phonemic awareness
- Fluency
- Vocabulary
- Spelling
- Multi-sensory instructional techniques
- Text comprehension through visualization methods
Reading, Spelling and Comprehension
For a More In Depth Look:
The following is a research article I wrote to help explain various positions on Reading Research.
Patricia J. Lear, M. Ed. Copyright 2001
Taking the Mystery Out of Reading
Patricia J. Lear, M.Ed.
"While acquiring language comes naturally for most children, learning to read does not." (Lyons 1997); quoted by Fran James Warkomski, BSE "Closer Look spring 2001) "Over 80 percent of all referrals to special education involve reading difficulties. Effective prevention and early intervention programs have been found to increase the reading skills of 85 to 90% of poor readers to average levels" (Warkomski, F.J., 2001). Warkomski goes on to state that one of the "responsibilities of the school administrator as well as the teacher is to serve on a school–wide team designed to refocus the approach to beginning reading instruction to include explicit instruction in phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle and automaticity with the code."
Louisa Moats (1999) stated that "reading is not rocket science, that about 20 percent of elementary students nationwide have significant problems learning to read, but scientists now estimate that 95 percent of all children can be taught to read. It should however be noted that statistics reveal an alarming prevalence of struggling and poor readers that is not limited to any one segment of society."
It is estimated that about 40 % of the population learns to read without difficulty and without prescribed programs. Another 40% of the population requires the additional help of a phonics program, such as "Reading Readiness" or "Reading Recovery", to insure they reach their potential. "Most children move easily from the use of alphabetic strategies to the formation of strong orthographic representations that can be accessed automatically." The research submitted in the Fall 2002 report from the International Dyslexic Society states that the remaining 20 percent of the population will require an orthographics processing program, where phonic word attack strategies are systematically taught, in addition to phonics instruction in order for them to master the rules of the English language and make use of the phonic training. "One of the most powerful tools to begin instruction is the visual patterns inherent in the six syllable types (Steere, Peck and Kahn,1988)." It is these letter (orthographic) visual patterns that signal vowel pronunciation (Hook & Jones 2002). Examples of recognized programs offering this instruction are Orton Gillingham and the Wilson Language program, to name a few. These programs offer the instruction for "automatic letter recognition and automatic sound discrimination as key to automatic word patterning recognition or automatic coding and later comprehension." (Allen and Beckwith 1999)
Hook and Jones of the International Dyslexic Association indicate "most children experience the patterning of orthographic skills and the process relatively seamlessly, moving easily from the use of alphabetic strategies to formation of strong orthographic representations. There is, however, a percentage of "at risk" children (approximately 20-40%) depending on the specific school demographics who benefit from having phonemic awareness and phonic word attack strategies systematically taught." In addition, (Saunders 2001) states there is "also a smaller percentage of children who will need more intensive work in this area. The children who struggle most with learning to read also fail to develop adequate automaticity with orthographic reading and need structured, systematic training in this area." (Torgensen et al., 2001) notes, "it appears that early preventive intervention may be particularly important in the development of automaticity and fluency."
(Steere, Peck and Kahn, 1998) state, "One of the most powerful tools to begin instruction in this area is the visual pattern inherent in the six syllable types. It is these letter orthographic patterns that signal vowel pronunciation."
Orthographic patterning programs have been devised from the Orton-Gillingham philosophy. It is referred to as the Multisensory Structured language Education process. The international Multi-Sensory Structured Language Education council (IMSLEC) described the necessary program content and the principles of instruction for MSLE programs (McIntyre & Pickering, 1995). It is the process of the English language or syllable instruction, in addition to the phonics basics, that are being taught.
The system should be systematic, sequential and cumulative, following a task-analyzed hierarchy. Instruction needs to be direct and one on one. Diagnostics should be prescriptive and individualized during each lesson. The program chosen should offer analytical instruction and demonstration, using multi-sensory method how to break down the skill being taught, from the whole to its parts and back to the whole again. All lessons should be introduced with an objective and closed, as all sound educational instruction should be.
Automaticity is defined as fast, accurate and effortless word identification at the single word level. Fluency, on the other hand involves not only automatic word identification but also the application of appropriate prosodic features (rhythm, intonation, and phrasing at the phrase, sentence, and test levels. (Wood, Flowers, and Grigorentko 2001).
Letter reading and word reading require automaticity and fluency and " require smooth integration of the contributions from visual, verbal and attention systems. Letter reading demands knowledge of orthographic symbols" for patterning, "phonological labels and sounds, consistent effort, and general naming ability. In short letter naming is complex, only slightly less complex than word reading." (Neuhaus and Swank 2002) "Words with an unfamiliar or infrequent letter combination can cause hesitant reading that interferes with the fluent automatic identification of words that then impacts reading comprehension" (Stanovich, 1991). Thus, automaticity should be developed in isolation prior to contextual practice. After automaticity is accomplished in isolation it should be noted that The National Reading Panel (2000) identifies "repeated reading as one of the most consistent techniques for increasing word recognition and fluency."
Ellis, K., & Gallistel, E. (1974). Gallistel-Ellis Test of Coding Skills. Hamden, CT: Montage Press.
?Gustavson, K, & Watson, N. (1995). Wilson Reading and Reading to Read. Augusta, ME: Division of Adult & Community Education.
Hook, P., & Jones, S., (2002). What does it take to read a letter? The International Dyslexic Association; Perspectives Winter, 2002
Lyon, G.G. (1995). Towards a definition of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 45:3-27
McIntyre, C., & Pickering, J. (Ed.). (1995) Clinical studies of multisensory structured language education, or: International Multisensory Structured Language Education council.
Moats, L. (1999) Teaching Reading is Rocket Science. Prepared paper for the American Federation of Teachers. Closer Look; Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Network, Vol.4, No.1
Neuhaus, G. (2002). What does it take to read a letter? The International Dyslexic Association; Perspectives Winter, 2002
O'Conner, J., & Wilson, B. (1995). Effectiveness of the Wilson Reading System used in public school training: or International Multisensory structured language education. (pp.245-253).
Orton, J. L. (1966). The Orton-Gillingham approach. In J. Money (Ed.), The disabled reader: Education of the Dyslexic Child (pp. 245-253). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Steere, A.,Peck, D. and Kahn,L. (1988). Solving language difficulties. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service
Warkomski, F. (2001) BSE Committed to Improving Reading Instruction. Closer Look: King of Prussia PA: Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Network.


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Catherine Greig is going to spend nearly eight years behind bars, but going to prison may not be the hardest part for the 61-year-old.
Being apart from her boyfriend, alleged fugitive mob boss James "Whitey" Bulger, will prove to be difficult if she's as in love with the 82-year-old as her lawyer says.
"She's in love with the guy," said Kevin Reddington, Greig's defense attorney. "She does not regret living her life with him."
Part of Reddington's defense of Greig has been that she was so in love with him that she fell victim to him.
"The point is Catherine Greig fell in love with Mr. Bulger," Reddington told Judge Douglas Woodlock during her sentencing hearing in federal court yesterday.
Woodlock didn't buy the reasoning and sentenced Greig to eight years in jail, a $150,000 fine and three years of supervised release.
"I'm imposing a sentence for deliberate choices that were harmful to the community," Woodlock said. "We are all responsible for what we do. We all make choices."
Greig showed no emotion as she was sentenced.
U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts Carmen Ortiz also did not buy Reddington's argument.
"Just because you love someone doesn't mean that you get to break the law and then get away with it," Ortiz said. "This was not a romantic saga. This was a serious case."
Greig and Bulger were on the run for 16 years and dated before they fled from Boston when he was indicted. They fled across the country and eventually settled in an apartment in Santa Monica not far from the beach.
While there, they took on other identities and lived like a retired couple. Prosecutors said she would run to the pharmacy to fill Bulger's prescriptions and would cook for him.
Prosecutors said agents recovered Greig's notebook from the apartment shortly after the couple was arrested last year. One of the pages lists errands including "change sheets" and "vitamins."
Reddington said Greig doesn't believe Bulger is guilty of the crimes he is accused of, which include being connected to 19 murders.
He also said he thinks Greig thinks going to prison for living with Bulger was worth it.
Victims' families share 'cruel' words
Family members of James "Whitey" Bulger's alleged victims were given the chance to speak during Greig's sentencing yesterday in what became an outpouring of emotion that was pent up for 16 years.
"Catherine, you're a dirty bitch," said Steven Davis, whose sister Debra was allegedly killed by Bulger.
Greig's attorney had filed a request this week to bar the family members from speaking, claiming that they are not direct victims of Greig's harboring or identity fraud crimes.
However, Judge Douglas Woodlock said he considered the history involved in the case and used his discretion to allow them to speak. He also said "it's the right thing." He later called the families' statements "cruel" and "reflecting vengeance."
"You're a cold-hearted criminal," said Tim Connors, whose father Edward was an alleged Bulger victim, "If I had a sister like you, I would have killed myself, too."
Conners was referencing Greig's relative who committed suicide.
Greig chose not to speak.
A troubled history
boston. The Bulger saga has been a stain on the history of many law enforcement agencies, particularly the Boston FBI office and the Department of Justice.
Judge Woodlock said the case "illustrates how the criminal justice system simply broke down because insiders took control."
It was eventually revealed Bulger was an informant and was tipped off by a corrupt FBI agent before his indictment.
U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz said the agencies have improved.
Whitey's next
James "Whitey" Bulger is the next target of the U.S. Attorney's office.
US Attorney Carmen Ortiz said that prosecutors are now focused on being prepared for Bulger's trial later this year.
"Keeping our eye on the ball. We're getting ready for trial. We've got a trial date in November and we've got another team getting ready to go," she said.
Bulger's attorneys and prosecutors are due in court next week for a status conference.
The 82-year-old is set to go to trial in November.


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Excerpt from our One-Page Annotated News Summary:
HEARD ON THE STREET: Whistling Past Housing's Graveyard? (Wall Street Journal)
Summary: Home builder stocks have risen about 15% since July 18th, just before the Fed announced a pause in its two-year string of rate increases. Bulls argue: (1) the stocks are cheap -- Pulte, Lennar, Horton and Toll Brothers trade at less than 6x earnings, (2) the stocks have stopped reacting to bad news, (3) housing inventories may have peaked in some markets, (4) year-over-year comparisons will get easier in Q4 and 2007 Q1, and (5) cancellation rates should fall in Q4. Bears argue that (1) fundamentals are horrible, (2) news isn't improving and there's no visibility when it will improve, (3) companies are still reducing earnings estimates, (4) valuations are unattractive, particularly given the recent run-up in the stocks, (5) book values may be reduced downwards as land values are re-assessed, and (6) profitability will deteriorate as builders develop land bought recently at higher prices. The article's conclusion seems to be negative for the homebuilder stocks.
Related links: Full article • Don't Believe Advocates of a Soft-Landing for Housing • NAR Housing Report: Declining Home Prices Induces Heavy Spin • Contrarians Moving Into U.S. Housing Stocks • Bill Miller on Why Housing Stocks Are a Buy
Potentially impacted stocks and ETFs: Stocks mentioned in the article: Lennar Corp. (NYSE:LEN) just cut estimates again; Banc of America recently downgraded Pulte Homes Inc. (NYSE:PHM) and D.R. Horton (NYSE:DHI); Credit Suisse upgraded M.D.C. Holdings Inc. (NYSE:MDC) due to its lean land inventory; Pulte, Lennar, Horton and Toll Brothers (NYSE:TOL) trading at low P/Es.
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So you make beautiful jewelry and perhaps you already have your own online shop or on-ground sales venues. But you've noticed that sometimes weeks and even months go by without a sale. How do you get customers to pay attention to what you have, amidst all the other competing (and compelling) lines and collections? This is a critical question for anyone hoping to establish a successful jewelry business. How do you distinguish yourself and attract more clients? Here are a few personal tips that have helped us and/or our colleagues:
- Offer a collection, as opposed to individual pieces
o A cohesive collection can work to entrance your potential customers with a 'singular' idea or theme – much more than a group of pieces that are not linked in any way;
- Stick to a few techniques and/or materials that become your signature
o Amidst the universe of possible techniques, styles and materials you could choose from, commit to/refine just a few that will become your 'signature', and use them in all your pieces – sometimes in unexpected ways. You need to ensure that clients will be able to easily recognize your work, and associate a certain 'look' with your work. It could be the 'family' of gemstones you choose, the way you combine colors, or the way you connect or package them. A rule of thumb for this is that if a client chooses one piece from your collection, that piece should still reflect the 'feeling' of the entire collection. Along with your logo, the personality you portray through your communications, and other factors, this 'signature' style will become part of a distinctive and successful brand for your company – that will serve to set you apart from the crowd!
- Present a Line that Inspires You!
o When you enjoy your work and make it your life's passion, your customer can tell the difference. Choose projects that you love, and let yourself have fun while you're creating. You might even consider naming a particular line or collection – to give them a distinct identity and demonstrate your true engagement. In an increasingly competitive market, presenting a well thought-out collection will give you an edge on attracting the attention of potential customers and making you and your work more easily recognizable.
Here are a few of our favorite artisans from Etsy, with notes on what we think makes their work distinctive.
Copper & Turquoise
Mocahete's shop on Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/Mocahete) features handcrafted metalsmith artisan jewelry in copper (and other metals) and select gemstones. Their style is ethnic and tribal. Here is one of our favorite examples, a one-of-a-kind copper and turquoise lotus flower pendant necklace. They use traditional metalsmith techniques to create something truly distinctive here -- with a cabochon set in a fine silver bezel, nestled into deeply hammered and textured lotus petals of warm and glowing copper. Lovely!
Consider Sandra Webster Jewelry on Etsy(https://www.etsy.com/shop/sandrawebsterjewelry?ref=l2-shopheader-name) you will find tribal jewelry that distinguishes itself even within the large and competitive field of tribal jewelry! Here Sandra has used her 'trademark' or 'signature' items -- handmade amber resin beads, lava stone, etched Tibetan agate, and copper -- to create this gorgeous piece. We have never seen anything like it -- and everything in her shop reflects these 'themes' and materials.
Our last example (lower right) reflects another of our favorite styles -- more contemporary -- a little whimsical -- again reflecting the impressive skill and creativity of the artist. Cate Yoder of Santa Fe lets her personality show in her work with mixed metal, hollow form, wax carving, and fabrication. Some know her for her very cool dragonfly designs -- and others recognize organic and feminine shapes of nature. (See more of Cate's lovely work here: https://www.etsy.com/shop/CateYoderJewelry?ref=listing-shop-header-item-count)
Here we feature her mixed metal spiralearrings -- copper and brass with sterling silver ear wires.
Comment here at the blog on what your special 'signature' is in jewelry design, on ideas you have for getting noticed, or anything at all! We love to hear from you!
If you enjoyed this post, you might also enjoy Stoned: My Addiction To Gems, Crystals, and Just Plain Homely Rocks.
Until Next Time!


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My name's Dominic - I've been self employed running 'Pure Boilers' heating services since 2010. I thoroughly enjoy being my own boss, as I enjoy taking pride in my work, knowing that I've done my best each time to ensure my customer is happy with the end result.
I am always very polite and tidy, I try and treat every customer's home as if it were my own.All aspects of domestic heating work carried out. I'm fully qualified, Gas Safe Registered, and fully insured.
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Kaia Gerber: 'My mom taught me to follow my instincts'
Kaia Gerber's supermodel mother Cindy Crawford advised her not to "try to change" to fit the fashion industry.
The 16-year-old budding super, with her classic all-American girl looks, is well on her way in the fashion industry thanks to campaigns with Marc Jacobs Beauty, Hudson Jeans and Miu Miu, and a coveted cover of French Vogue alongside her famous mother.
And in an interview with Teen Vogue magazine, the teenager credits her mother and businessman father Rande Gerber for steering her in the right direction by encouraging her to be herself.
"My parents have always taught me to be myself and to follow my instincts," she tells Teen Vogue.
"They also say that you should never let what other people do affect what you want to do.
"It changes everything when you accept who you are and you don't try to change yourself."
Kaia enjoyed a down-to-earth upbringing in California enclave, Malibu, and certainly doesn't fit the Hollywood wildchild stereotype that plagues many of the offspring of famous people.
While Kaia doesn't have to look far for fashion role models in her own family, her handsome 18-year-old brother Presley is also wowing runways, surprisingly the catwalk star names another big name as her inspiration.
"I really look up to Karlie (Kloss)," Kaia smiles. "She's broken all the rules of what a model should be and uses her platform to benefit others. All my icons I look up to as people, not just their work. 'Iconic' is not a word I use lightly. You have to earn it."


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How should we define the keys to successful leadership now that we are fully immersed in the Digital Era? This post shares diverse perspectives on the core characteristics and offers preliminary thoughts on integrating ideas and identifying themes. Readers are invited to contribute additional ideas, insights, and…Continue
Added by Courtney Hunt on April 12, 2012 at 10:44am — No Comments
Still not certain whether you should take the Twitter plunge? The best way to determine its value is to give it a try. Focusing on using Twitter professionally rather than personally – including staying current with local, national, and global news – this post offers simple best practice…Continue
Added by Courtney Hunt on April 9, 2012 at 10:33am — 6 Comments


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Mixed methods in management research: has the phoenix landed?
Document Type
Publication details
Cameron, R 2008, 'Mixed methods in management research: has the phoenix landed?', Proceedings of Managing the Pacific Century: 22nd annual Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference: , Auckland, NZ, 2-5 December, Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management, Auckland, NZ.
Mixed methods research is an emerging methodological movement with a growing body of trans-disciplinary literature. Prominent research methodologists/authorities from across discipline fields are emerging and guiding the commentary and the movements' momentum. This paper reports the findings of a study that has systematically reviewed refereed papers from the 21st Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference 2007. The aim of the study is to provide a methodological map of the management research reported at the conference, and in particular the use of mixed methods research. The data will be compared to similar research conducted on international business research in four major journals. Implications for management research training and publication are discussed with particular reference to the Academy.


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DES MOINES, Iowa -- A pair of brazen burglars broke into the same Des Moines storage facility twice in two days, taking one metro woman's only way of paying for her mother's funeral.
This year has been a hard one for Chonelle Davis of Carlisle. Back in February, she lost her 50-year-old mother to kidney disease. Davis doesn't have a lot of money. She had planned to sell her mother's adjustable bed, which was stored at a facility on Park Avenue, to help pay for the funeral costs.
But this week, two guys broke in and stole it. One is partially bald and has a very distinctive walk. They drove off in a white SUV with the mattress strapped to the top.
"I pray for them. I really do," Davis said, "I mean I really hope they needed it more than we did. I really hope that it was so they could feed their family. Because I just can't imagine someone just taking something that's not theirs."
If anyone saw the SUV driving near Park Avenue early Sunday or Monday mornings, please call Des Moines Police.


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PEAR Name It Print
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