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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Final rule.
This regulation establishes an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for residues of alkyl alcohol alkoxylate phosphate derivatives (AAAPD) when used under 40 CFR part 910 as an inert ingredient—surfactant and related adjuvants of surfactants for pre- and post-harvest uses and application to animals in pesticide formulations under 40 CFR part 930, limited to a maximum of 30% by weight in end-use products. The Joint Inerts Task Force (JITF), Cluster Support Team Number 2 (CST 2) submitted a petition to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting establishment of an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. This regulation eliminates the need to establish a maximum permissible level for residues of AAAPDs.
This regulation is effective August 20, 2010. Objections and requests for hearings must be received on or before October 19, 2010, and must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).
EPA has established a docket for this action under docket identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0131. All documents in the docket are listed in the docket index available at http://www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available in the electronic docket at http://www.regulations.gov, or, if only available in hard copy, at the OPP Regulatory Public Docket in Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. The Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 305-5805.Start Further Info
Lisa Austin, Registration Division (7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone number: (703) 305-7894; e-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com Further Info End Preamble Start Supplemental Information
I. General Information
A. Does this Action Apply to Me?
You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to:
- Crop production (NAICS code 111).
- Animal production (NAICS code 112).
- Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
- Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).
This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
B. How Can I Get Electronic Access to Other Related Information?
You may access a frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR part 180 through the Government Printing Office's e-CFR cite at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr. To access the OPPTS harmonized test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/oppts and select "Test Methods and Guidelines."
C. Can I File an Objection or Hearing Request?
Under section 408(g) of FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections. The EPA procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and requests for hearings appear in 40 CFR part 178. You must file your objection or request a hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0131 in the subject line on the first page of your submission. All objections and requests for a hearing must be in writing, and must be received by the Hearing Clerk on or before October 19, 2010. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of objections and hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of the filing that does not contain any CBI for inclusion in the public docket that is described in ADDRESSES. Information not marked confidential pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice. Submit your copies, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0131, by one of the following methods:
- Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
- Mail: Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Regulatory Public Docket (7502P), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001.
- Delivery: OPP Regulatory Public Docket (7502P), Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. Deliveries are only accepted during the Docket Facility's normal hours of operation (8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays). Special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information. The Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 305-5805.
II. Petition for Exemption
In the Federal Register of February 4, 2010 (75 FR 5793) (FRL-8807-5), EPA issued a notice pursuant to section 408 of FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a, announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 9E7628) by the Joint Inerts Task Force, Cluster Support Team 2 (CST 2), c/o CropLife America, 1156 15th Street, NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005. The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.910 and 40 CFR 180.930 be amended by establishing an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for residues of AAAPDs when used as an inert ingredient surfactant and related adjuvants of surfactants in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops, raw agricultural commodities and food-producing animals limited to a maximum of 30% by weight in end-use Start Printed Page 51383products for the α-alkyl (minimum C6 linear or branched, saturated and or unsaturated)-ω-hydroxypolyoxyethylene polymer with or without polyoxypropylene, mixture of di- and monohydrogen phosphate esters and the corresponding ammonium, calcium, magnesium, monoethanolamine, potassium, sodium and zinc salts of the phosphate esters; minimum oxyethylene content averages 2 moles; minimum oxypropylene content is 0 moles, including: Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl- ω -hydroxy-, phosphate (9046-01-9); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate (39464-66-9); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hexadecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate (50643-20-4); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate (52019-36-0); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C12-15-alkyl ethers, phosphates (68071-35-2); Polyphosphoric acids, esters with polyethylene glycol decyl ether (68458-48-0); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C10-14-alkyl ethers, phosphates (68585-36-4); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C12-15-branched alkyl ethers, phosphates (68815-11-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C10-12-alkyl ethers, phosphates (68908-64-5); Poly(oxy-1 ,2- ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C12-14-aIkyl ethers, phosphates (68511-37-5); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C8-10-alkyl ethers, phosphates (68130-47-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, sodium salt (42612-52-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, potassium salt (58318-92-6); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hexadecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, potassium salt (60267-55-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl- ω hydroxy-, phosphate, potassium salt (68070-99-5); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, potassium salt (68186-36-7); Poly(oxy1,2-ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, sodium salt (68186-37-8); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C12-15-alkyl ethers, phosphates, sodium salts (68610-65-1); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-isodecyl- ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, potassium salt (68071-17-0); (branched C10) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-phosphono-ω-[(2- propylheptyl)oxy]-, potassium salt (1:2) (936100-29-7); (branched C10) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-phosphono-ω-[(2-propylheptyl)oxy]-, sodium salt (1:2) (936100-30-0); Poly(oxy-1,2- ethanediyl), α-isotridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate (73038-25-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2- ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C11-14-isoalkyl ethers, C13-rich, phosphates (78330-24-2); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl),α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono(C10-rich C9-11-isoalkyl) ethers, phosphates (154518-39-5); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, mono-C12-14-sec-alkyl ethers, phosphates (317833-96-8); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-isodecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate (108818-88-8); Poly(oxy-1, 2- ethanediyl), α-phosphono-ω-[(2- propylheptyl)oxy] (873662-29-4); Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl), α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, monoethanolamine salt (61837-79-4); Poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate monoethanolamine salt (68311-02-4); Poly(oxy-1,2- ethanediyl), α-decyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate, monoethanolamine salt (68425-73-0); Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane, phosphate (37280-82-3); Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane, mono-C10-16-alkyl ethers, phosphates (68649-29-6); Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane, phosphate, potassium salt (67711-84-6); and Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane, mono-C10-16-alkyl ethers, phosphates, potassium salt (68891-13-4). That notice referenced a summary of the petition prepared by The Joint Inerts Task Force (JITF), Cluster Support Team Number 2 (CST 2), the petitioner, which is available in the docket, http://www.regulations.gov. There were no comments received in response to the notice of filing.
III. Inert Ingredient Definition
Inert ingredients are all ingredients that are not active ingredients as defined in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are not limited to, the following types of ingredients (except when they have a pesticidal efficacy of their own): Solvents such as alcohols and hydrocarbons; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty acids; carriers such as clay and diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as carrageenan and modified cellulose; wetting, spreading, and dispersing agents; propellants in aerosol dispensers; microencapsulating agents; and emulsifiers. The term "inert" is not intended to imply nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active. Generally, EPA has exempted inert ingredients from the requirement of a tolerance based on the low toxicity of the individual inert ingredients.
IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish an exemption from the requirement for a tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is "safe." Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines "safe" to mean that "there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information." This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to "ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue...."
EPA establishes exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance only in those cases where it can be clearly demonstrated that the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide chemical residues under reasonably foreseeable circumstances will pose no appreciable risks to human health. In order to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide inert ingredients, the Agency considers the toxicity of the inert in conjunction with possible exposure to residues of the inert ingredient through food, drinking water, and through other exposures that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential settings. If EPA is able to determine that a finite tolerance is not necessary to ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the inert ingredient, an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance may be established.
Consistent with section 408(c)(2)(A) of FFDCA, and the factors specified in FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure for AAAPDs including exposure resulting from the exemption established by this action. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated with AAAPDs follows.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered their validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the Start Printed Page 51384sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and children. Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the adverse effects caused by AAAPDs as well as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies are discussed in this unit.
The AAAPDs are not acutely toxic by the oral and dermal routes of exposure under normal use conditions; however, concentrated materials are generally moderate to severe eye and skin irritants and may be skin sensitizers. Following subchronic exposure to rats, gastrointestinal irritation (increased incidences of hyperplasia, submucosal edema, and ulceration) was observed, but no specific target organ toxicity or neurotoxicity was seen. No neurotoxicological effects were detected in a functional observational battery or a motor activity assessment. No reproductive effects were noted in the database. There was a qualitative increase in susceptibility to pups seen in a rat developmental/reproductive toxicity screening study; however, effects were seen only in one study and were in the presence of maternal toxicity. Further, a clear NOAEL was established for the developmental effects and this NOAEL is significantly higher than the toxicological points of departure selected for risk assessment. There are no carcinogenicity concerns based on structure activity modeling. Points of departure for chronic dietary, incidental oral, inhalation, and dermal exposure were selected from a 2-generation reproduction and fertility effects study in rats. The endpoint was decreased absolute and relative liver weights and increased incidence in the number of animals with minimal hepatocyte necrosis in males.
Sufficient data were provided on the chemical identity of the AAAPDs; however, limited data are available on the metabolism and environmental degradation of these compounds. The Agency relied collectively on information provided on the representative chemical structures, the submitted physicochemical data, structure activity relationship (SAR) information, as well as information on other surfactants and chemicals of similar size and functionality to determine the residues of concern for the AAAPDs. The Agency has concluded that since metabolites and environmental degradates are not likely to be more toxic than the parent compounds, a risk assessment based on the parent compounds is not likely to underestimate risk.
Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the adverse effects caused by the AAAPSDs as well as the NOAEL and the LOAEL from the toxicity studies can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in the document "Alkyl Alcohol Alkoxylate Phosphate and Sulfate Derivatives (AAAPDs and AAASDs-JITF CST 2 Inert Ingredients). Human Health Risk Assessment to Support Proposed Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance When Used as Inert Ingredients in Pesticide," pp. 11-17 in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0131.
B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern
Once a pesticide's toxicological profile is determined, EPA identifies toxicological points of departure (POD) and levels of concern to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the pesticide. For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no appreciable risk, the toxicological POD is used as the basis for derivation of reference values for risk assessment. PODs are developed based on a careful analysis of the doses in each toxicological study to determine the dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) and the lowest dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors (U/SF) are used in conjunction with the POD to calculate a safe exposure level - generally referred to as a population-adjusted dose (PAD) or a reference dose (RfD) - and a safe margin of exposure (MOE). For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree of risk. Thus, the Agency estimates risk in terms of the probability of an occurrence of the adverse effect expected in a lifetime. For more information on the general principles EPA uses in risk characterization and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm.
A summary of the toxicological endpoints for AAADPs used for human risk assessment is discussed in Unit IV. of the final rule published in the Federal Register of July 29, 2009 (74 FR 37571) (FRL-8424-6).
C. Exposure Assessment
1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary exposure to AAAPDs, EPA considered exposure under the proposed exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. EPA assessed dietary exposures from AAAPDs in food as follows:
i. Acute and chronic exposure. In conducting the acute and chronic dietary exposure assessments, EPA used food consumption information from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 and 1998 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels in food, no residue data were submitted for the AAAPDs. In the absence of specific residue data EPA has developed an approach which uses surrogate information to derive upper bound exposure estimates for the subject inert ingredients. Upper bound exposure estimates are based on the highest tolerance for a given commodity from a list of high-use insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. A complete description of the dietary exposure and risk assessment can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in "Alkyl Amines Polyalkoxylates (Cluster 4): Acute and Chronic Aggregate (Food and Drinking Water) Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessments for the Inerts" in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0738.
In the dietary exposure assessment, the Agency assumed that the residue level of the inert ingredient would be no higher than the highest tolerance for a given commodity. Implicit in this assumption is that there would be similar rates of degradation (if any) between the active and inert ingredient and that the concentration of inert ingredient in the scenarios leading to these highest of tolerances would be no higher than the concentration of the active ingredient.
The Agency believes the assumptions used to estimate dietary exposures lead to an extremely conservative assessment of dietary risk due to a series of compounded conservatisms. First, assuming that the level of residue for an inert ingredient is equal to the level of residue for the active ingredient will overstate exposure. The concentrations of active ingredient in agricultural products are generally at least 50 percent of the product and often can be much higher. Further, pesticide products rarely have a single inert ingredient; rather there is generally a combination of different inert ingredients used which additionally reduces the concentration of any single inert ingredient in the pesticide product in relation to that of the active ingredient. In the case of AAAPDs, EPA made a specific adjustment to the dietary exposure assessment to account for the use limitations of the amount of AAAPDs that may be in formulations (to no more than 30% and assumed that the AAAPDs are present at the maximum limitation rather than at equal quantities with the active ingredient. This remains Start Printed Page 51385a very conservative assumption because surfactants are generally used at levels far below this percentage. For example, EPA examined several of the pesticide products associated with the tolerance/commodity combination which are the driver of the risk assessment and found that these products did not contain surfactants at levels greater than 2.25% and that none of the surfactants were AAAPDs.
Second, the conservatism of this methodology is compounded by EPA's decision to assume that, for each commodity, the active ingredient which will serve as a guide to the potential level of inert ingredient residues is the active ingredient with the highest tolerance level. This assumption overstates residue values because it would be highly unlikely, given the high number of inert ingredients, that a single inert ingredient or class of ingredients would be present at the level of the active ingredient in the highest tolerance for every commodity. Finally, a third compounding conservatism is EPA's assumption that all foods contain the inert ingredient at the highest tolerance level. In other words, EPA assumed 100 percent of all foods are treated with the inert ingredient at the rate and manner necessary to produce the highest residue legally possible for an active ingredient. In summary, EPA chose a very conservative method for estimating what level of inert residue could be on food, then used this methodology to choose the highest possible residue that could be found on food and assumed that all food contained this residue. No consideration was given to potential degradation between harvest and consumption even though monitoring data shows that tolerance level residues are typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than actual residues in food when distributed in commerce.
Accordingly, although sufficient information to quantify actual residue levels in food is not available, the compounding of these conservative assumptions will lead to a significant exaggeration of actual exposures. EPA does not believe that this approach underestimates exposure in the absence of residue data.
ii. Cancer. The Agency used a qualitative structure activity relationship (SAR) database, DEREK11, to determine if there were structural alerts suggestive of carcinogenicity. No structural alerts for carcinogenicity were identified. The Agency has not identified any concerns for carcinogenicity relating to the inerts AAAPDs. Therefore a cancer dietary exposure assessment is not necessary to assess cancer risk.
iii. Anticipated residue and percent crop treated (PCT) information. EPA did not use anticipated residue and/or PCT information in the dietary assessment for AAAPDs. Tolerance level residues and/or 100 PCT were assumed for all food commodities.
2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. For the purpose of the screening level dietary risk assessment to support this request for an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for AAAPDs, a conservative drinking water concentration value of 100 parts per billion (ppb) based on screening level modeling was used to assess the contribution to drinking water for the chronic dietary risk assessments for parent compound. These values were directly entered into the dietary exposure model.
3. From non-dietary exposure. The term "residential exposure" is used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary exposure (e.g., textiles (clothing and diapers), carpets, swimming pools, and hard surface disinfection on walls, floors, tables).
AAAPDs are used as inert ingredients in pesticide products that are registered for specific uses that could result in indoor residential exposures and may have uses as inert ingredients in pesticide products that may result in outdoor residential exposures.
A screening level residential exposure and risk assessment was completed for products containing AAAPDs as inert ingredients. In this assessment, representative scenarios, based on end-use product application methods and labeled application rates, were selected. For each of the use scenarios, the Agency assessed residential handler (applicator) inhalation and dermal exposure for use scenarios with high exposure potential (i.e., exposure scenarios with high-end unit exposure values) to serve as a screening assessment for all potential residential pesticides containing AAAPDs. Similarly, residential postapplication dermal and oral exposure assessments were also performed utilizing high-end exposure scenarios. Further details of this residential exposure and risk analysis can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in document "JITF Inert Ingredients. Residential and Occupational Exposure Assessment Algorithms and Assumptions Appendix for the Human Health Risk Assessments to Support Proposed Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance When Used as Inert Ingredients in Pesticide Formulations" in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0710.
4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider "available information" concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and "other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity."
EPA has not found AAAPDs to share a common mechanism of toxicity with any other substances, and AAAPDs do not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has assumed that AAAPDs do not have a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.
D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children
1. In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply an additional tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants and children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This additional margin of safety is commonly referred to as the Food Quality Protection Act Safety Factor (FQPA SF). In applying this provision, EPA either retains the default value of 10X, or uses a different additional SF when reliable data available to EPA support the choice of a different factor.
2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. The toxicity database consists of Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3650 (combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test) studies in rats conducted with representative AAAPDs, as well as a 2-generation rat reproduction toxicity (Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3800) study and a rat developmental toxicity study conducted with a representative AAASD.
In one Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3650 study conducted with a representative AAAPD, no increased susceptibility to the offspring of rats following prenatal and postnatal Start Printed Page 51386exposure was observed. In a second Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3650 study conducted with another representative AAAPD, there was evidence of increased qualitative susceptibility as indicated by the increased number of stillborn pups and pups dying within lactation day (LD) 4/5 and clinical observations (coldness to the touch, discolored heads, and a lack of nesting behavior) at 800 milligrams/kilogram/day (mg/kg/day) where lesions in the forestomach and thymus atrophy was observed in the parental animals. However, this qualitative susceptibility seen in the Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3650 study does not indicate a heightened risk for infants and children because a clear NOAEL (200 mg/kg/day) was established for developmental effects and an additional margin of safety is provided since the point of departure selected from the 2-generation rat reproduction study for chronic exposure is 87 mg/kg/day.
In a rat developmental study with AAASD, no maternal or developmental toxicity was observed at the limit dose. In the 2-generation reproduction study with AAASD, the only significant effects observed were liver effects characterized by dose-related decrease in absolute and relative liver weight and an increased incidence in the number of animals with 'minimal" hepatocyte necrosis in males. No treatment-related effects were observed on reproduction or in the offspring.
3. Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show the safety of infants and children would be adequately protected if the FQPA SF were reduced to 1X. That decision is based on the following findings:
i. The toxicity database for AAAPDs is considered adequate for assessing the risks to infants and children (the available studies are described in Unit IV.D.2.).
ii. There is no indication that AAAPDs are neurotoxic chemicals and there is no need for a developmental neurotoxicity study or additional UFs to account for neurotoxicity.
iii. Although increased qualitative susceptibility was demonstrated in the offspring in a reproductive/developmental screening test portion of an Harmonized Test Guideline OPPTS 870.3650 study with another AAAPD, the Agency did not identify any residual uncertainties after establishing toxicity endpoints and traditional UFs to be used in the risk assessment of the AAAPDs.
iv. There are no residual uncertainties identified in the exposure databases. The food and drinking water assessment is not likely to underestimate exposure to any subpopulation, including those comprised of infants and children. The food exposure assessments are considered to be highly conservative as they are based on the use of the highest tolerance level from the surrogate pesticides for every food and 100 PCT is assumed for all crops. EPA also made conservative (protective) assumptions in the ground and surface water modeling used to assess exposure to AAAPDs in drinking water. EPA used similarly conservative assumptions to assess postapplication exposure of children as well as incidental oral exposure of toddlers. These assessments will not underestimate the exposure and risks posed by AAAPDs.
E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety
EPA determines whether acute and chronic dietary pesticide exposures are safe by comparing aggregate exposure estimates to the acute PAD (aPAD) and chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer risks, EPA calculates the lifetime probability of acquiring cancer given the estimated aggregate exposure. Short-, intermediate-, and chronic-term risks are evaluated by comparing the estimated aggregate food, water, and residential exposure to the appropriate PODs to ensure that an adequate MOE exists.
In conducting this aggregate risk assessment, the Agency has incorporated the petitioner's requested use limitations of AAAPDs as inert ingredients in pesticide product formulations into its exposure assessment. Specifically the petition includes a use limitation of AAAPDs at not more than 30% by weight in pesticide formulations.
1. Acute risk. An acute aggregate risk assessment takes into account acute exposure estimates from dietary consumption of food and drinking water. No adverse effect resulting from a single oral exposure was identified and no acute dietary endpoint was selected. Therefore, AAAPDs are not expected to pose an acute risk.
2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that chronic exposure to AAAPDs from food and water will utilize 43% of the cPAD for children 1-2 yrs old, the population group receiving the greatest exposure.
3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into account short-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
AAAPDs are currently used as an inert ingredient in pesticide products that are registered for uses that could result in short-term residential exposure, and the Agency has determined that it is appropriate to aggregate chronic exposure through food and water with short-term residential exposures to AAAPDs.
Using the exposure assumptions described in this unit for short-term exposures, EPA has concluded the combined short-term food, water, and residential exposures result in aggregate MOEs of 130 and 140, for adult males and females respectively, for a combined high-end dermal and inhalation handler exposure with a high-end postapplication dermal exposure and an aggregate MOE of 110 for children for a combined turf dermal exposure with hand-to-mouth exposure. Because EPA's level of concern for AAAPDs is a MOE of 100 or below, these MOEs are not of concern.
4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure takes into account intermediate-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
AAAPDs are currently used as an inert ingredient in pesticide products that are registered for uses that could result in intermediate-term residential exposure, and the Agency has determined that it is appropriate to aggregate chronic exposure through food and water with intermediate-term residential exposures to AAAPDs.
Using the exposure assumptions described in this unit for intermediate-term exposures, EPA has concluded that the combined intermediate-term food, water, and residential exposures result in aggregate MOEs of 270 and 280, for adult males and females respectively, for a combined high-end dermal and inhalation handler exposure with a high-end postapplication dermal exposure and an MOE of 110 for children for a combined high-end dermal exposure with hand-to-mouth exposure. Because EPA's level of concern for AAAPDs are a MOE of 100 or below, these MOEs are not of concern.
5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Based on the lack ofstructural alerts for carcinogenicity, AAAPDs are not expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate exposure to AAAPDs residues.Start Printed Page 51387
V. Other Considerations
A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology
EPA is establishing a limitation on the amount of AAAPDs that may be used in pesticide formulations. That limitation will be enforced through the pesticide registration process under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. EPA will not register any pesticide for sale or distribution that contains greater than 30% of AAAPDs by weight in the end-use pesticide formulation.
B. International Residue Limits
The Agency is not aware of any country requiring a tolerance for nor have any CODEX Maximum Residue Levels been established for any food crops at this time.
VI. Conclusions
Therefore, an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established under 40 CFR 180.910 and 40 CFR 180.930 for AAAPDs when used as an inert ingredient (surfactants, related adjuvants of surfactants) in pesticide formulations applied to raw agricultural commodities, growing crops, and animals.
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
This final rule establishes a tolerance under section 408(d) of FFDCA in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this final rule has been exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this final rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require any special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a petition under section 408(d) of FFDCA, such as the tolerance in this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply.
This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this action alter the relationships or distribution of power and responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions of section 408(n)(4) of FFDCA. As such, the Agency has determined that this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this final rule. In addition, this final rule does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 104-4).
This action does not involve any technical standards that would require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).
VIII. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. This final rule is not a "major rule" as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).Start List of Subjects
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
- Environmental protection
- Administrative practice and procedure
- Agricultural commodities
- Pesticides and pests
- Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
Dated: August 10, 2010.
Lois Rossi,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:End Amendment Part Start Part
PART 180—[AMENDED]End Part Start Amendment Part
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:End Amendment Part Start Amendment Part
2. In § 180.910, the table is amended by adding alphabetically the following inert ingredients to read as follows:End Amendment Part
|Inert ingredients
|* * * * *
|α-alkyl (minimum C6 linear or branched, saturated and or unsaturated)-ω-hydroxypolyoxyethylene polymer with or without polyoxypropylene, mixture of di- and monohydrogen phosphate esters and the corresponding ammonium, calcium, magnesium, monoethanolamine, potassium, sodium and zinc salts of the phosphate esters; minimum oxyethylene content averages 2 moles; minimum oxypropylene content is 0 moles (CAS Reg. Nos. 9046-01-9, 39464-66-9, 50643-20-4, 52019-36-0, 68071-35-2, 68458-48-0, 68585-36-4, 68815-11-2, 68908-64-5, 68511-37-5, 68130-47-2, 42612-52-2, 58318-92-6, 60267-55-2, 68070-99-5, 68186-36-7, 68186-37-8, 68610-65-1, 68071-17-0, 936100-29-7, 936100-30-0, 73038-25-2, 78330-24-2, 154518-39-5, 317833-96-8, 108818-88-8, 873662-29-4, 61837-79-4, 68311-02-4, 68425-73-0, 37280-82-3, 68649-29-6, 67711-84-6, 68891-13-4.
|Not to exceed 30% of pesticide formulation
|Surfactants, related adjuvants of surfactants
|Start Printed Page 51388
|* * * * *
3. In § 180.930, the table is amended by adding alphabetically the following inert ingredients to read as follows:End Amendment Part
|Inert ingredients
|* * * * *
|α-alkyl (minimum C6 linear or branched, saturated and or unsaturated)-ω-hydroxypolyoxyethylene polymer with or without polyoxypropylene, mixture of di- and monohydrogen phosphate esters and the corresponding ammonium, calcium, magnesium, monoethanolamine, potassium, sodium and zinc salts of the phosphate esters; minimum oxyethylene content averages 2 moles; minimum oxypropylene content is 0 moles (CAS Reg. Nos. 9046-01-9, 39464-66-9, 50643-20-4, 52019-36-0, 68071-35-2, 68458-48-0, 68585-36-4, 68815-11-2, 68908-64-5, 68511-37-5, 68130-47-2, 42612-52-2, 58318-92-6, 60267-55-2, 68070-99-5, 68186-36-7, 68186-37-8, 68610-65-1, 68071-17-0, 936100-29-7, 936100-30-0, 73038-25-2, 78330-24-2, 154518-39-5, 317833-96-8, 108818-88-8, 873662-29-4, 61837-79-4, 68311-02-4, 68425-73-0, 37280-82-3, 68649-29-6, 67711-84-6, 68891-13-4.
|Not to exceed 30% of pesticide formulation
|Surfactants, related adjuvants of surfactants
|* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2010-20708 Filed 8-19-10; 8:45 am]


text:
Terrain Park Staff
Department: Operations
Season: Winter Seasonal
Time: Full Time
Part Time and Full Time Positions available
Job Summary: The Terrain Park Specialist builds Terrain Park features and maintains the park for the enjoyment of Bolton guests.
Essential Functions:
· Construct park features such as rails and jumps
· Shovel snow, fix broken items, and perform general maintenance on park features
· Ski/ride prior to daily opening to assess quality and safety issues
· Mark off and close features as safety necessitates, and report closing to terrain park manager
· Patrol the park, encouraging proper park use and addressing unsafe practices with users
· Assist injured park guests, and calls ski patrol if needed
NOTE: All Bolton Valley employees are required to perform alternate functions from time to time, both within and outside of their assigned department, particularly during peak periods such as holiday weekends.
Customer Service Expectations: The Terrain Park Specialist has regular customer interactions with visitors and users of the park, and must be helpful, friendly, courteous and professional in accordance with Bolton's commitment to providing superior customer service.
· High school diploma
· Frequent previous use of terrain parks as a skier/rider.
· Intermediate to advanced skiing/riding ability.
Required Knowledge and Skills: Snow shaping skills, as well as knowledge of terrain park components and proper terrain park etiquette.
Physical and Mental Demands: This position works primarily outside, and requires prolonged periods of skiing/riding and labor-intensive maintenance work in all weather conditions and on slippery and/or uneven snow or icy surfaces. Requires lifting up to 50 lbs., pushing/pulling snow with rakes and shovels, and using power tools
Work Environment: This position involves working outside in all weather conditions, including extreme cold, snow, wind and rain, on varied snow surfaces, and requires being on your feet for the majority of the scheduled shift.
Disclaimer: The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this classification. This is not an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required. All employees may be required to perform duties outside of their normal responsibilities from time to time, as needed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Northern Spanking publishes a great update this week as Ashley Belle marks her first day at college with a marked bottom over Pauls knee! As each stinging spank descends and flattens her naughty bottom she yelps and yipes but Paul does not stop until he is completely sure that he has spanked his message well and truly into her bared bottom!
Check out these latest awesome domestic spanking pics I got from their site!
Check it all out again soon at Northern Spanking


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Trocaire boxes will be distributed to every house in the parish in the next few days. At a time when there has been much negative publicity about what many would regard as the misappropriation of a high percentage of donors' contributions to top up the salaries of administrators of some charities, it is important to note that 92% of donations to Trocaire are used to fund Trocaire projects in many areas in the developing world, 7% is spent on fundraising and publicity and only 1% on administration.
Bridge results
February 10th – Special Prize night, North/South – 1st Gross – Breeda McKnight & Joe Hunt & Yvonne Dowler & Una Flynn. East/West 1st Gross – Orla McEntee & Tony Tiernan. 1st net – Margaret Lynn & Mary Flanagan. 2nd Gross – Lily Mulvihill & Carole Nally. 2nd net-Nancy Finn & Elsie McKee. February 17th: North/south – 1st Gross & net – Ann Fallon & Ann Delaney. 2nd Gross – Sarah Frawley & Mark Tiernan. 2nd/3rd net- Frances Kelleher & Mary Feeney and Sarah Frawley & Mark Tiernan. East/West: 1st Gross & net - Orla McEntee & Tony Tiernan. 2nd gross & net – Carole Nally & Lily Mulvihill. 3rd Gross – Declan McGivney & Liam Flynn. 3rd net – June Dillon & Maura Belton.
Circuit training
Will be held in Kenagh Hall on Mondays and Thursdays at 8.00p.m. for both male and females. Contact Liz on 087-3569749.
Cloncallow Cemetery
A meeting of Cloncallow Cemetery group will be held in Skelly's Lounge on Wednesday, March 5th at 8.45pm to form a new committee for the maintenance of the Cemetery. It is also hoped to discuss and arrange a fundraiser for a later date. People who have relatives buried in this Cemetery should make a special effort to attend this meeting.
Minor football
Congratulations to Longford Minors who beat Offaly in the Minor Leinster League Final in Clonbonney at the weekend. Well done to team members Shane Kenny and David Shannon who are both students at Ballymahon Mercy Secondary School.
Flower Arranging Classes
Will be given by Florist, Ann Murphy in Betty Fox's, Main Street on Thursday, March 6th at 7.30p.m. All are welcome. For further information or to book please contact 09064-32526 after 5pm.
Well done to the Longford Senior football team and to local man, Kevin Diffley who is on the team, who beat Fermanagh in a great game on Sunday in the Senior League. We wish them the best of luck in their next game.
Alpha Course
An Alpha Course will begin in The Family Centre, Longford at 8.00p.m. on Wednesday 5th March.
Longford G.A.A. Race Day
The Longford G.A.A. annual fundraising Race Day takes place this year on April 30th, Gold Cup Day at Punchestown with the first race starting at 3.40p.m. Tickets for the Race Day are €100 each or €1,000 for a table of 10 which will entitle you to a four course meal with hot refreshments served also later in the afternoon, you will also receive a free race card and a free €10 bet and Mick Flavin will be there to entertain everyone after the racing finishes. This year's new generous sponsors are Flynn & Lynch Pensions & Investments ltd from Longford. You can get your tickets from Albert Fallon at the local GAA Club.
School Enrolment: enrolment for St. Matthews National School is taking place this week, up until Friday 7th March. Please call to the school office for an Enrolment form.
Bereavement Course
A Bereavement Course will take place in The Family Centre, Longford beginning on Wednesday, 5th March at 8p.m. for six weeks. For further information please telephone 04333-46827 or 087-2843034.
There are still a few places available at the Accord pre-marriage courses which take place on 10th and 13th March and also on the 4th and 5th April at the Family Centre in Longford. If you are planning to get married in 2014 please contact ACCORD at 04333-47222 Monday to Friday from 11.30a.m. to 1.30pm or book online at www.accord.ie
The Minor club will shortly be selling tickets for their annual Grand National Draw. Your support for the young people in the area will be very much appreciated.
Our new Bishop, Francis Duffy will be celebrating the Sacrament of Confirmation for the students of fifth and sixth class of St. Matthews National School on this Friday, 7th March, commencing at 3p.m. Light refreshments will be served afterwards in the primary school. There is a large Confirmation group this year, and many seats in the church on the 7th March will be reserved for the members of the group and their immediate families, but anyone who wishes to do so is welcome to attend the ceremony and to meet Bishop Francis afterwards.
We wish to extend our deepest sympathy to Mrs Tess Rowan, Kiltafrey, Kenagh on the tragic death on February 20th last, following an accident, of her sister, Sr. Phyllis (Sr. Ronan), Mollin, formerly of Rahan, Tullamore and had been residing with the Sisters of Mercy congregation in Portumna, Co Galway, also to Sr. Phyllis' sisters Patricia and Alacoque, brothers Fr. Mattie and John, brother-in-law Jimmy (Rowan), sister-in-law Carmel, nieces, nephews, Sisters of Mercy Congregation, relatives and friends. May she rest in peace.
Longford Toastmasters
Are looking for new members to join their Club. They meet on the first and third Thursday of each month from September to May in Kellehers, Longford from 8.20p.m. to 10.30p.m. If you would like to be more confident at public speaking please contact Mary on 086-1219281 or Terrie on 085-1163565, no experience required. Admission is €5 with free admission to first time visitors.
Longford EDI
Would you be interested in an Introduction to Digital Photography, sending/receiving e-mails, using social media, using apps, buying tickets and on-line banking? Longford EDI Centre is running a FREE 8-hour basic computer course which can be delivered mornings, afternoons or evenings. Tel 04333-47515.
Lent 2014
Lent begins this Wednesday, 5th March. Mass each morning will be at the new time of 9.30a.m. Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament began in our Parish on Ash Wednesday 1995. We now need many more volunteers to keep Jesus company for one hour on Tuesdays in St. Matthews Church. One of the main organisers of the weekly Adoration, Sr. Vincent, reminds us that Lent is a good time to begin. Think about it, she says, and may God direct and bless you.
U-21 football
Congratulations to the U-21 Longford football team who had a great win against Westmeath in the replay of the Championship played in St. Loman's, Mullingar on Wednesday night last. We wish the lads the best of luck in the next round against Laois.
Peace-keeping duty
We wish the very best of luck and a safe time to Mark Lennon, Rathmore, eldest son of Jimmy and Rita, who travelled to Afghanistan this week where he will be working with the Peace-keeping Forces with the Irish Army for the next six months. We look forward to seeing Mark and all his colleagues returning safely in September.
We wish to extend our deepest sympathy to Jimmy Lennon, Rathmore and to all his family on the death last week of his sister, Sr. Bridie, native of Cornafulla, Athlone which occurred in Boston. A lovely lady, of quiet and gentle disposition, Sr. Bridie has been working in the community and teaching in America for a long number of years and returned regularly to Ireland and indeed to Ballymahon visiting her family and friends. She will be sadly missed by her family and her fellow Sisters. May she rest in peace.
Spring Stations
This is the traditional time of the year for the Spring Stations. It is a special blessing for a family to have Mass celebrated in the home. Fr. Padraig would like to hear from anyone who would like to have a Station Mass in their home. Station Masses are celebrated on any evening from Monday to Friday.
Parish Pastoral Council
Last month, members of the Parish Pastoral Council met and decided to initiate the process of forming a new Parish Pastoral Council. A flyer will be distributed to every home which will explain the composition and role of such a Council. Subsequently people will be given an opportunity to nominate those whom they consider should be included on a ballot paper for a new Parish Pastoral Council.
Your used stamps can assist the Missions. There is a box for these stamps in the porch at St. Matthews Church. The stamps raise funds for the missions after they have been prepared for sale to stamp collectors. Please leave a margin around the stamps when you cut them from the envelopes.
Tidy Towns
Ballymahon Tidy Towns would like to thanks everyone who came along to support our annual fundraising table quiz in Thursday night last. Special thanks to all at Cooney's Hotel who hosted us as well as our Quiz master Eamon Reilly and all of those who provided us with spot prizes for the raffle on the night. There was a great crowd present at the quiz from all over the South Longford area and the committee is very grateful for the support - especially from so many neighbouring areas as well. New members are always welcome to join the Tidy Towns effort and an AGM will be coming up shortly - details of that event will be announced very soon.


text: id like to know if it is possible for a wrt to work like a managable switch. i know, that the the wan port and the lan ports are generated per vlans configured in the switch chip. afaik the switch chip untags them before they leave the router (at least with the default config/firmware). but what happens if a already tagged frame arrives on a port? will it be retagged (untagged and then tagged with the vlan tag for this port according to the switch), tagged again (vlan frame in vlan frame, dunno if this is even possible) or dropped entirely? background is... i have 3 external ips from my isp (packets with 3 defined macs can pass the modem) i want a vlan for them which gets bridged to/from the wan port and a second vlan for internal ips which gets switched on the lan ports and bridged to eth1 (wlan). the frames from the "external" macs would arrive on a lan or the wlan port with a vlan tag, should then being sent over to the wan port and leave the wan port without tags (modem doesnt know what to do with them). other direction: untagged packet on the wanside addressed to a "external" mac/ip pair arrives on the wan port, gets bridged from the wanport to the right lan/wlan port and tagged for the "external" vlan. hope you understand my wicked thoughts attached a not less incomprehensible pic (not yet, forum gives a pwd error) i dont have a router yet... which one should i get for this? 3.0 doesnt have enough support yet and doesnt provide better hw/features, does it? which firmware? im quite familiar with linux bridging (ebtables) and vlans... tia for your help, great forum


text:
MOUNT PLEASANT, N.Y. -- The Southern Westchester BOCES Center for Career Services in Valhalla is set to host the third annual Car Show and Open House on Sunday, May 18.
In addition to the cars on display, the event will have food, demonstrations and music. Held in conjunction with the Rock 'n' Rods Classic Car Club from Yonkers, the car cruise will feature around 60 to 70 autos, including hot rods, classic cars, vintage cars, muscle cars and more during the event to be held from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.at the Center for Career Services, 65 Grasslands Road in Valhalla, according to a press release. Admission and parking are free.
"The event showcases CCS, which is renowned for career training that includes the Technology Cluster with its Automotive Technician and Collision Technician career paths," representatives said in the release. "Students who are currently enrolled in the programs will be offering demonstrations of the skills they have mastered, including the Cosmetology students who will be doing nails and the Culinary students who are preparing the food."
SWBOCES representatives said the open house will provide an opportunity for students to get to know the school and its facilities.
"High school students who are considering adding a vocational component to their education will be assured that they are making the right decision when they see the campus and the facilities that SWBOCES offers," representatives said in the release. "The auto shops and classrooms offer the latest in equipment, and all of the Career and Technical Education courses prepare students to be both college and career ready."
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text:
Rivoli Jewellers
swarovski. +44 1534 722904 all others. +44 1534 601930
Get a lock on high-shine chic with our polished padlock bangle. Featuring pavé stones, lustrous hardware and a signature charm, this enduring piece is sure to add instant glamour to any look. Stack yours alongside mixed-metal pieces for a fashionable fusion.
Item: Michael Kors Pavé PadLock Gold-Tone Bangle
Price: £96.19
on all items with our compliments


text:
Status: Open
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Local Business
Your local Tucson O'Reilly Auto Parts store is one of over 4,500 auto part stores throughout the U.S. We carry top brands like Mobil 1, Castrol, Wix, Trico, Gates and Monroe and our professional parts people can provide the advice to help you keep your vehicle running right. Come see for yourself today at your local O'Reilly Auto Parts. Better Parts, Better Prices, Everyday!
Better parts... better prices, everyday on auto parts and accessories. Plus find a store, check out our current ad, get information on racing events, contact us, and more.BETTER PARTS. BETTER PRICES EVERYDAY!
Be the first YellowBot user to add photos or videos of Checker Auto Parts
Auto parts superstore targets DIY customers with part replacements, accessories, performance parts, chemicals and fluids, repair manuals and more.
Auto parts superstore targets DIY customers with part replacements, accessories, performance parts, chemicals and fluids, repair manuals and more.
Su tienda local O'Reilly Auto Parts en Tucson es una de nuestras más de 4,500
tiendas de refacciones a lo largo de los Estados Unidos. Contamos con las
mejores marcas como Mobil1, Castrol, Wix, Trico, Gates y Monroe y nuestros
profesionales en refacciones le pueden proveer la información que usted
necesita para mantener su vehículo en óptimas condiciones.
Compruébelo usted mismo en su tienda...
Checker Auto Parts can be found at W Prince Rd 1401. The following is offered: Car Parts. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Tucson there are 152 other Car Parts. An overview can be found here.
Know Before You Go: Check the store's website for online shopping, maintenance tips, recall information and more.
The Extras: The store also sells motorized scooters, dirt bikes, trail bikes and other sport vehicles.
If you don't see your business listed on YellowBot, please add your business listing.
YellowBot wants to get your input! If you have a comment, find a bug or think of something neat we should do, let us know by emailing us.
© 2007-2018 Solfo, Inc. – All rights reserved


text:
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In no way does Dels-mfg.com claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.


text:
LONDON — Apparently, Batman has traded in Gotham City for England.
Surveillance video captured the would-be caped crusader as he delivered a suspected burglar right to the police station.
Then, he disappeared into the night without leaving his name.
The 27-year-old suspect was wanted for handling stolen goods and fraud-related offenses.
The owner of a local costume shop says she sold a Batman costume to a man just a few days before the incident.
She has the name on the credit card receipt, but says she's not telling.


text:
Design a Website Mockup - 15/10/2016 11:49 EDT
Budget €8-30 EUR
i need a business card and a website design .
Awarded to:
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10 freelancers are bidding on average €43 for this job
Multi-talented graphic designer is at your disposal. I have 5 years experience in graphic design. I am expert in graphic designing and I will professionally design quality business card and website mockup for you, in k More
Hello, woo pro here I go get your stuff done for you professionally. Please visit our work: [login to view URL] [login to view URL] [login to view URL] looking forward to more details, let things roll now. Michael
Hi, I have excellent skills in website design and development with more than 5+ yrs of experience. Some of my latest works:: [login to view URL] [login to view URL] http://vall More
Hello Sir, We are a diverse team of young and dedicated designers and developers. We offer creative Logo Design, APP Design, Responsive Website Design, Graphic Design, T-Shirt Design, Print Design, PSD-to-HTML, PHP, More
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Hi I am graphics and website designer and I am interested in your logo & website project. I have 3 years of experience in which worked with many clients and pulled out many designs . I am expert photoshop and illustra More
you pay me after checking the work. Hi I have read out all the details given in your project and i am fully capable to deliver you this project with 100% accuracy.
Our working price is just $5 per hour. Our work principle "Trial 30% your work first, pay later" It means that if your project is divided 3 parts (30% working, 65% working, 5% working). We will make the first 30 More


text:
More often than not, gun owners are bombarded with the logical fallacy of appeal to celebrity, as movie stars, athletes and socialites take to the blogosphere to denounce the so-called evil of firearm ownership, disconnecting themselves from reality.
Despite the many airheads spouting nonsense on the Web, there are still plenty of celebrities who support the right of Americans to own and carry a firearm—some doing so themselves. Here's a look at a few celebrities licensed to carry guns.

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie
This Hollywood power couple lit up the silver screen in Mr. & Mrs. Smith, but they're just as comfortable arming themselves in real life. In 2008, Jolie told The Daily Mail she had purchased many of the actual firearms used on the set of Tomb Raider. She added, "Brad and I are not against having a gun in the house, and we do have one. And yes, I'd be able to use it if I had to ... If anybody comes into my home and tries to hurt my kids, I've no problem shooting them."
 Likewise, Pitt told The Daily Mail last September, "America is a country founded on guns. It's in our DNA. It's very strange but I feel better having a gun. I really do. I don't feel safe, I don't feel the house is completely safe, if I don't have one hidden somewhere. That's my thinking, right or wrong."


text:
Dog Sign
Dog sign bearers are in for a relief this 2014. Everything that bothered them in 2013 will become much better in 2014. This is a good thing and they will see all their hard works pay off this 2014. This will encourage them and allow them to strive for perfection in all they do. It is worth noting that their love life will become better if they had a turbulent 2013. Although problems will be inevitable, Dog sign bearers will be able to fight it off diligently. They will really see their fortunes turn around this 2014 and they have all the reasons to be excited.
How to be Beautiful from Inside and Outside
Your Future
The overall forecast for the Dog sign bearers is positive in 2014, and love and marriage is no exception. Despite the faulty nature of Dog sign bearers when in a relationship, they should be able to work around it and experience a positive change. Naturally, they are known to be self centered when in a relationship. They can also be pushy and easily become jealous of others. They have a short fuse and can implode at any time. All these signs are not pointing to a positive result. However, dog sign bearers will be able to work around these hurdles and become the better partner for their loved one. Enjoy this year and use it to build a strong foundation for years to come, especially when rough years come. Then they will be able to weather the storm and come out victorious in all the problems they encounter. It is a good year to bear the sign of the Dog this 2014.
Your Chance/Power to Meet Someone Special
To be the True Mate for Your Loved One
For career and money this 2014, the Dog sign bearers will be able to enjoy a fruitful year, especially when they are in the field of engineering or fields with special skills required. They will see their career blossom and they should be able to make a name for themselves. This can be the breakthrough that Dog sign bearers have been waiting for. The hard work they have done over the years will be finally paid off this 2014. They will be increasingly encouraged to do their best and the only direction they can go is up. It is wise to take advantage of this year and make a lot of noise in their field of expertise. They will not be disappointed for sure. The only downside for this is they will have a hard time saving money. However, with the right guidance, they should be able to correct his small chink in their armor.
Predictions for 2014 - Money
The Environment in Which You Can Flourish


text:
a new blog at my place
July 29th, 2009
Here's just an excerpt:
So I tried them on. Sort of. It was kind of the lady not to just say "you delusional old trout, there's no way you're going to squeeze your lardy, porky arse into these, these have been made for normal human beings". I hate mirrors. I hate what I saw in that tiny little dressing room – arms like marble slabs of salted meat. Honestly, half the girls I work with have thighs that are slimmer than my arms. The bulging fat belly and saggy, droopy arse. I know how hard I have worked and the pain I have honestly gone through to get this far, but at moments like this it seems so utterly futile. I gathered up the angel soft jumper and totally cute kitty dress and left them on the counter. The lady was not there to see me go. It was nice of her to spare me the humiliation.
The rest of the story is at my site where I have lots of room for my photos and stuff. I hope you'll come and visit. I miss my 3fc buddies.
Curves star
July 13th, 2009
I've got a new post on my website. Hope you'll come and visit me (been running out of space for my photos on 3fc).
' and ,
July 6th, 2009


text:
Entry #415
Hear That?
Hear that? That's the sound of 5 months. Hear that? That's the sound of a high school diploma. Hear that? That's the sound of success. Hear that? That's a relationship between me and my dad that we've never had before. Hear that? That's my mom speaking to me from her home away from home telling me to keep listening to the good things in life, to do good and become what I know I can be. Hear that?
Entry #416
Just As Scared
If you really knew me, you would know that I have no confidence and my self-esteem is very low. That the smile on my face is nothing but a joke. That I'm out here living like a sin with a burden on my chest.
If you really knew me, you would know my mom is pregnant and ready to give birth to my precious brother that is about to come into this trifling world.
If you really knew me, you would know that I'm trying to change for better or worse. When you call me your best friend its nothing but a blur. That if you had my eyes you would know that I was judged and misunderstood by a lot of folks.
So if you really knew me, you would know that I don't like to show emotions and I'm just as scared as you, so take the time to understand my struggles.
Entry #417
If I Knew Me
If you really knew me,
you would now that inside I am hurt,
If you really knew me,
you would know that I am deeply troubled about the past,
You would know that I am shy,
If you really knew me,
you would know that my spirit's lullaby is a freight train,
If you knew me,
you would know that I got shot,
you would know that I speak some German,
that I'm an orphan and my father got killed by the cops,
If I knew me,
I would see someone tired of drugs, gangs and death.
Entry #418
The Right Way
If you really knew me, you would know that I'm an intelligent young black lady, who's seen and been through a lot living the fast life.
You would know that I have three sisters.
You would know that I smile and laugh a lot to keep happy.
If you really knew me, you would know that I have many goals that I want to achieve.
You would now that I have two different personalities.
If you really knew me, you would know that I love my family with all my heart and not a soul could tear us apart.
You would know that I have no brothers, but two cousins I consider and look up to as my brothers.
If you really knew me, you would know that I call my mother my "Black Queen".
You would know that I use to be a daddy's little girl, now I'm that confused little girl.
If you knew me, you would know that my dad is a good father who shows tough love.
You would know that I like to travel and hang out with my friends.
You would know that I'm a Facebook freak.
If you knew me, you would know that I'm not the same.
You would know that I sometimes feel insane with many thoughts running through my brain.
If you knew me, you would know that my heart is full with regrets and pain and many things I wish I could still change.
You would know that gangbanging is something I need to change.
If you knew me, you wouldn't judge. You would help me and guide me the right way.
If you knew me, you would know that I'll someday change.
Only if you knew me……...
Entry #419
I am
Messing with me is like Russian roulette. You're messing with death. I will devour your life faster than you can build it. I will sweep the ground from under your feet. I will ruin your home life, destroy friendships and sever ties. The one thing that really irks you is that you can see it happening right before your eyes. Will you set me aside to regain control of your life? Of course not! You're in love with the company, the chaos, the high. I'm the one girl that will never give up on you. I am crystal meth!
Entry #420
It's All The Same
Sad day, fun day, it's all the same behind locked doors. No matter what day, week, month, year it is, I see the same faces without end. They say life is a box of chocolates. I guess I always get the rotten ones with a bitter taste that make you want to say, "Oh Lord, help me with this matter."
I ask myself what is the thing I most desire?
Freedom comes to mind, but will God give me my desire?
(BANG) the baby blue door shuts. Freedom stays away; it's another sad day in the hall. Hopefully tomorrow is a fun day.
Entry #421
Just a Kid
If you really knew me you would know I'm true. I'm humble at heart. Love me, like me, whatever you do, do it fast. I'm waiting. I'm trying to start fresh. If you really knew me you would know I try my best to get out of the bad dreams, yeah, the dreams of blood and suffering. I don't like those; I can stand against them, but I need help. If you really knew me you would know that I have a good heart, the kind that can help. I ask myself, "Why can't you help yourself? Why can't you move on from the past?" Is it because I still live into it? I need a new cage of this world, but why can't they just let me live with the other animals? I'm sorry for my actions! I'm no longer an ugly beast, just please let me walk with my family till the end of age. I don't like this cage, but it closes in on me from time to time. No more cages! Show me the key. I will get along with the other animals.
Entry #422
Homie or Me
Sure I've had a lot of friends but
only one true homie.
Yeah, we would smoke, drink, & tweak but
it used to be fun to me.
Now I'm stuck in this horrible dream
Doing chores, and being told what to do,
I feel like a worker bee.
I'm the one locked up, not him
So now he is not a homie to me.
Still wearing regular shoes on his feet
While so many people wore mine, honestly they reek.
Entry #423
I Really Do Care
If you really knew me, you would know I'm tatted back from head to toe.
If you really knew me, you would know I used to smoke dope.
You would know I used to just not care.
You would know my mom tries everything she can to rescue me from this nightmare.
If you really knew me you would know I've been on probation for four years and I never had plans to complete it.
You would know this is my twelfth time locked up and it's all my fault.
If you really knew me you would know I've been to hell and back.
You would know I'm ready to get my shit together and stop playing those little kid games.
If you really knew me you would know I used to look up to my big bro but now I don't.
If you really knew me you would know once my dad past away four years ago I started messing up and before that I was just an innocent little boy.
If you really knew me you would know the creator blessed me with my beautiful daughter to save me from the streets.
If you really knew me you would know I really do care and I'm sorry for putting my mom through all this.
Entry #424
My Brother
My best friend is ------------- . He and I met in middle school. We weren't good friends at first, but when summer came it turned out that we lived in the same apartment complex and then we became best friends over the summer. I got kicked out of my aunt's house and he was humble enough to let me move in with him and share his room. That is when we become blood brothers. The most memorable moments with my best friend are probably when we were innocent and doing good things together. Going to youth groups with him was the most fun. He will always be my best friend no matter how far we stray away from each other. He is my brother. We both started to go downhill getting into drugs and trouble constantly. We started to drift away from our "good lives" and due to our reckless behaviors, we are now both here.... juvenile hall. Every day I wish we could go back....
Entry #425
If you only knew me . . .
I am not a good man,
I cannot be trusted
Always doing what I can
Till one day I got busted
People always said "he's such a good kid"
Always the type to impress
The quick one to address
"To whom it may concern."
Didn't care who it was to
But now I am a man of no return
Thoughts going through like a train
For now here I am being rain
So if you only knew me you would know
That I am really not a good man.
Entry #426
Shallow Integrity
If you really knew me you would know that I am a cool cat that likes to hang out with the big dogs and fly with the birds. I am as cold as winter and dark as night. I am a silent shadow that passes day in and day out without being seen. I am a prehistoric creature that continues to live. My countenance is very dull due to the certain conditions. My integrity is shallow because of my containment. My self-respect is bleak and very different. I feel like I am living at this moment inside of another person's body and seeing with their eyes. If I knew me I would be doing something different instead of feeding off of other people's problems. I would be like a free man to make only healthy decisions. I feel my demeanor is different from this free man. I am not free but living a repetitive lifestyle that nobody benefits from.
Entry #427
In this moment I am rearranging my life, taking out the bad things that once damaged me.
In this moment I am reaching my goals, I am doing what I'm supposed to without being told.
In this moment I am staying strong, I am putting down that glass pipe that once destroyed my soul.
In this moment I am preparing myself because I am no longer going to run from myself.
I am ready to go and live out my dreams because the life I thought I once loved is not as it seems.
In this moment I am saved; I no longer feel disgraced.
Life is tough but I have lots of faith…
God renewed my heart, made it pure and clean. He gave me light, now I can finally see.
Sometimes I still mess up but nobody told me this road would be easy and I don't believe He brought me this far to leave me.
Entry #428
When I was in elementary school I had these two best friends. We told each other everything, and we were always together. We used to take my dad's video camera and make silly music videos or just goof off and have a good time. Just about every weekend we would have sleepovers, do makeovers, have fashion shows, go to the movies, go swimming, go to the mall, and much more. We thought nothing could\would separate us, then middle school came along, and although we hung-out with different crowds we still made time for each other. During the beginning of 8th grade I got locked up for my first time. When I got out I had received a message online from one of my best friends who said she was sorry to hear what had happened & that she would be there for me no matter what. I never talked to them again. I felt so ashamed of myself for what happened and I didn't feel worthy of being their friend anymore. I changed schools and that was that. Now I'm a junior and this is my first time back in a mainstream school. I often see these "Old Friends" of mine and it makes me sad when I think about how we used to be, even though it was over 4 years ago. I'll see them every day either passing through the hallways or in the bathroom. I often wonder if they ever think of me.
Entry #429
Used and Abused
The pain, the cuts dripping with blood.
I'm a freak, a freak of nature.
I blame it all on him. He broke my heart
He said I'll never change, but I'll show him.
Someone new heals the cuts with a righteous kiss,
He taped the pieces back together. I'll never be broken again.
He won't leave me because he said he loved me.
Tangled in sheets and sweat, I wake with a start.
He's gone, he's not there beside me; he left.
I've been traded in for someone new.
He rips the tape off my heart. And opens new cuts.
New Cuts, for new pain, one, two, three.
All too deep, I'm dying, and not just on the inside.
One for him, one for me,
And one for my best friend.
Entry #430
If you really knew me you would know that my anger is unpredictable. One minute I could be all smiles, but that can change as fast as lightning. Sometimes I just bottle up all my frustrations and irritations, but then BOOM! That bottle breaks and I find myself in bad situations. Like I said, it's unpredictable and I don't know when it will happen; but when it does all I see is red and bad things following my actions.
Entry #431
I Need
When I get out I can be good
I'll stop hanging out
I won't try to act hood
I don't need old friends
I can be alone
Just so they can start trends.
I need nothing of that sort
Soon I can be free from
What they smoke or they snort
Free from this place
So I can show you I'm done
For real, to your face
Entry #432
I love you
If you really knew me, you would know why I don't fight for you anymore, why I don't care anymore and why I do what I do. You would know why this anger burns inside me like a furnace. You would know how all this got messed up, how I get through it all, and how I act like it was nothing. When we first met I was a dog chasing a car, I wouldn't know what to do if I caught you. You just drove faster like it was game. If you really knew me, you would know that I don't give up on what I love. You would know how much it was worth. I wish you really knew me because you would love me. This is all in the past now. It's been too long since I've seen you and you might never see me again. If you really knew me, you would know how much I love you.
Entry #433
If you really knew me you would know I've been on drugs since I was twelve years old. I've never really gone to school. I wasted five years of my life partying on drugs that made things miserable. I've gone through so much and put myself through hell all because of the trauma I went through as a kid… I'll never be able to take back or forget. There will always be memories of my past lurking in my mind. Now that I'm sober it trips me out to think of what I've gone through, makes me wonder why I couldn't have gone a better path and why I couldn't have made better decisions. I'm seventeen years old with nothing to show for it. Misery loves company. I believe in hope.
Entry #434
If you really knew me you would know I love dirt bike riding. You would know my life has been a mess like a huge tornado. If you really knew me life would have been easier. If you really knew me you would know my dad has not been around that much. If you knew me you would know how much I love you. You might have felt the same but you don't know because I've never told you. But only if you knew.
Entry #435
Only If
If you really knew me, I shouldn't have to tell you that I am sad. You should just see it in my eyes that something is bothering me deep down inside.
If you really knew me, you would know that I don't like being around fake people.
If you really knew me, you would know who my mom, dad and sisters are because I don't do anything without their knowledge.
You would know that I'm not very good at math.
You would know that my favorite sports are football and basketball.
You would know what would make me laugh.
If you really knew me you would know what I been through in my life.
If you really knew me you would know how to love me and how to give me the support that I need
Only if you really knew me.
Entry #436
They Moved On
As an elementary kid, I remember believing in best friends. Truth is I don't really think there are true friends anymore. I remember having good friends but not true friends. We are no longer close like we used to be. I think it may be the way I chose to go with drugs, money, and females. Eventually I was in and out of juvenile hall regularly and we just couldn't hang out anymore. They had a whole different view of the streets than I did. I believe they moved on for their own good, and I'm fine with that.
Entry #437
If you really knew me you would know I'm trapped in a cage where wire mesh holds me in. The only way out comes from deep within. A soft tender voice is what it may seem that takes me away to a dream where the wind is your hair the sky is your eyes and soon someday they will let me fly. In your heart is where I will be. Please God don't wake me from this wonderful dream.
Entry #438
If you knew me you would know how much I have really grown. If you really knew me you would know I have a short fuse that I am learning to control. If you really knew me you would know I am like a fire cracker ready to blow. I try to hold it in and try not to explode. If you really knew me you would know I only have about two and a half weeks left to go. You would know I am proud of myself for who I am today. If you knew me you would know I can change and I have changed.
Entry #439
My World
Life is like a game of tug-a-war with myself. I get to choose what side loses though I'm not one to quit. If you really knew me you would know that I don't give up easily. I am a fighter and I am going to surpass this speed-bump in my life. Some of my struggles feel as though I'm being thrown in the fire or being fed to the lions. One that truly hit me in the heart was losing my grandpa. He was the most love filled father and grandfather a kid could ask for. He put a smile on my face and the face of his friends and family. If you really knew me you would know I would do anything at the drop of the hat for him. I would turn the world upside down just to have one more conversation with him, just a couple hours to tell him how much I love him. You would know he never gave up on me. He always told me I could do whatever I set my mind to. If you really knew me you would know I will do everything in my power to make my life something he will be proud of. My papa is my world no matter what people say, I will never give up.
Entry #440
I Have Changed
If you really knew me you would know that I'm sad; I'm not happy with the mistakes I have made. I have been down and out. I have also been written and talked about, but they still didn't subdue me.
If you really knew me you would know I have been on the streets for a year. I was lonely and hurt. I never really found the love I was looking for so I thought I would find what I was looking for in someone older than me. I was abused, shattered and not in the right state of mind.
If you really knew me you would know I crave to have my family back. I have changed; I no longer fear the streets or search for love on them. I just need the love from my family. That's what will make me happy again and I will do whatever it takes to have them back.
If you really knew me you would know that I am a phenomenal WOMAN!
Entry #441
Long Lost Friends
My long lost friends try to grab at me.
They yell and scream in my ear,
My long lost friends suffocate me turning me blue like the door I've stood behind on and off for three years.
My long lost friends aren't so far away honestly.
They've only been gone for a month, but they tell Satan to send me dreams of their malicious abuse.
"You know you want to! We're the only ones who'll ever be here for you and you know it!"
My long lost friends are evil and they would love nothing more than to see me fail, to fall and never prevail.
My long lost friends are like the flu always returning and again making me cold and blue.
My long lost friends are horribly wonderful.
They fill me with the warmth I need.
"Just one more time pal. Just put me to your lips."
But the warmth only last a second, leaving me alone to fend for myself.
My long lost friends say they love me and they wouldn't hurt me.
They're liars. I should tell them to burn rubber.
Do you know my friends?
Because they seem to know you too.


text:
Chinese Ming-style moonflask vase 'may fetch £500,000'
A blue and white Chinese Ming-style vase that arrived at a Wiltshire auction house in a cardboard box is expected to sell for £500,000.
The 11in (28cm) "moonflask" was created for the Imperial Qing Dynasty in the 18th Century, Woolley and Wallis auction house said.
The Salisbury-based firm said it had been copied directly from a Yongle original, now in the British Museum.
The seller, a woman in her 80s from west Dorset, does not wish to be named.
The moonflask is thought to have been acquired by the woman's father, Capt Edward Watkins Whittington-Ince between 1925 and 1927, when he served as commander-in-chief of the East Indies.
And, according to Kate Williams at Woolley and Wallis, it was "treasured as a family piece".
"[The owner] had no clue of its worth until she took it along to a valuation event - organised by the WI I think - in her local village," she said.
'She was astonished'
"The expert there realised it was a quality piece and told her to get in contact with us.
"And she brought it in to us in a cardboard box wrapped in a blanket."
John Axford, the auction house's Asian art specialist and regular expert on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow, confirmed it was a rare Ming-style moonflask of the highest quality.
"When she was told the likely value was £500,000 she was astonished," said Ms Williams.
"It normally takes a bit of time for news like that to sink in but now she's decided to sell it."
The vase will be sold at auction on 16 November.