text:
Douglas W. Boone, David P. Bradley, Caroline A. Grant
March 1992
Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are speech forms spoken respectively in the cantons (traditional chiefdoms) of the same names in the Bokito Subdivision, Mbam Division, Centre Province of Cameroon. The populations of these and of the other two cantons in 1977 (the last year for which census figures were reported by canton) were as follows:
|several speech varieties
|two others
|(Gunu and Lemande)
The Subdivisional office said that the population of each canton has increased in the last fifteen years. The population of the subdivision in 1988 is listed as approximately 35.000; a general estimate of the population by canton would therefore be 10-15% higher than the 1977 figures, and the population of residents of the non-"Yangben" speaking villages of the Yangben canton might be estimated at 2.500. The present number of speakers of these three speech forms, then, might be estimated at 6.500 Elip, 4.000 Mmala, and 3.500 speakers of Yangben (give or take 500 in each case).
The speech varieties of Elip, Mmala, and Yangben have a different status in each of three classifications found in the literature, i.e. Guthrie's and those of the Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon (ALCAM; Dieu 1983 ) and the Ethnologue ( Grimes 1988a,b ). In Guthrie's classification, they are some of the varieties of Yambasa (A.62) in the Sanaga group; in ALCAM they are the three varieties of "Central Yambasa"; and each has a separate entry in the Ethnologue.
All three sources agree that Gunu and Baca are closely related to Elip, Mmala, and Yangben. Two other speech varieties with demonstrated lexical similarity to these five (see Table 5 ) are Mbule and Bati. In the table, each is listed (followed in parentheses by the name of the central village), together with the codes given in the various sources:
|Ethnologue Code
|Gunu, or Nugunu
|YAS (Nu Gunu)
|Mmala (Begni)
|MMU (Mmala)
|Elip, or Libie
|Baca (Bongo)
|BAF (Nu Baca)
|Mbule (Mbola)
|MLB (Dumbule)
|Bati (Kelleng)
Gunu is spoken not only in the Gunu-Sud canton of the Bokito Subdivision but also in the Gunu-Nord canton of the Ombessa Subdivision. Yangben village is the seat of the canton of the same name and can therefore be considered the central village for the Yangben speech form. The seat of the Elip canton is at Yambassa, but the most influential village, with the weekly market and the main dispensary, appears to be Balamba II.
For lack of a single name for the speech varieties subsumed in its number 542, ALCAM uses the term "Central Yambasa". This contrasts with Gunu, which is "Northern Yambasa" and Baca, which is "Southern Yambasa". Yambassa is the name of a village in the Elip canton, and the Ethnologue lists "Yambassa, Yambasa" as alternate names for Gunu.
There is no consensus on the spellings of Mmala (Mmala, Mmahla) and Yambasa (Yambassa); the use of the shorter variant spellings in this report does not consitute an authoritative declaration of standard spellings.
The other speech forms assigned to Guthrie's "Sanaga group" (A.60) are Tuki or Sanaga (Ngoro A.61 and Bacenga A.64 (?) correspond to two of what ALCAM lists as six dialects of Tuki [551]) and Leti (Mangisa A.63, ALCAM Leti [552]).
It should be made clear that the term "Central Yambasa" is not used by the people of the area. There was consensus among all the people interviewed on the subject during the survey that the "race" Yambasa includes the Gunu (in both the Bokito and Ombessa Subdivisions), and all the residents of the Elip, Mmala, and Yangben cantons (with the exception of one village). The only canton with more than one major speech variety is the Yangben canton, in which are spoken not only Yangben, but also Baca (in the village of Bongo), Mbule (in the village of Mbola), and Hijuk (in two quarters of the village of Batanga). The one possible non-Yambasa village in the Yangben canton is Nyamanga I, where Sanaga is reported to be spoken.
There is therefore a slight mismatch of ethnic perception and linguistic similarity. Hijuk and Mbule are seen to be Yambasa speech varieties, albeit influenced by Basaa. Not mentioned as a Yambasa speech variety was Bati, which is spoken in the Bati canton of the Ndom Subdivision, Sanaga-Maritime Division of the Littoral Province. Yet, nearly two-thirds of a recent sample of Bati vocabulary was similar to Central Yambasa vocabulary (see Table 5 ), while less than half of a recent Hijuk vocabulary sample was similar to Central Yambasa.
Rapid appraisal surveys were conducted in Bati and Baca in January 1992 ( Grant 1992 ; Boone 1992a ). Visits were made to the villages of Batanga and Mbola in conjunction with the present survey, and further survey in those villages has since been conducted ( Bradley 1992 ; Boone 1992b ).
The languages and dialects spoken in the neighbouring areas to Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are:
Six of these, then, are spoken in the Bokito Subdivision: four in the Yangben canton (Sanaga, Mbule, Hijuk, and Baca), and two in the other two cantons (Gunu in the Gunu-Sud canton and Nomaandé in the Lemande canton).
A number of small-scale efforts have been made to codify some of the Central Yambasa speech forms and to translate Scripture and other religious materials into them. Apparently the only linguistic research on Central Yambasa which has been published is an article by Christiane Paulian on noun classes ( Paulian 1980 ). At least six unpublished word lists have been collected, of which five were available to the survey team (see below).
A survey of the languages of the Bokito Subdivision, including Bongo (=Baca), Mbola (=Mbule), Yangben, Elip, Mmala, and Gunu (southern dialect) was done in 1981 by Terri Scruggs and Carrie Taylor (linguistic report Scruggs 1982 , sociolinguistic report Taylor 1982 ). The northern dialect of Gunu, spoken in the Ombessa Subdivision, and Bati, in the Ndom Subdivision, were not included in their survey.
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Included in Scruggs' report are lexical data (approximately 175 items) and a lexicostatistical analysis of them. The table is an extract of the similarity matrix she presents, each figure based on between 146 and 185 comparisons (two of the percentages were not calculated). Using as a rule of thumb the notion that speech forms showing less than 80% similar lexicon are probably separate languages, she concludes that Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are "closely related but distinct languages" and that the varieties spoken at Mbola and at Bongo are "entirely distinct languages" as well ( Scruggs 1982 :17,18). Gunu is a sixth distinct language.
Table 3 Lexical similarity percentages for some
Yambasa tongues
(after Scruggs 1982 )
Additional lexical data (approximately 120 items) had been collected in 1976-77 by Christiane Paulian for Nugunu (=Gunu) (northern dialect), Mmala, Yangben, Dumbule (=Mbule) and Nubaca (=Baca). Lexicostatistical analysis of these data yields the following matrix:
Table 4 Lexical similarity percentages for some
Yambasa tongues
(data from Paulian)
Finally, an analysis by the author of a conflation of the eleven lists above and of a list taken in Bati in January 1992 (approximately 200 items) and using the inspection method to decide on plausible divisions into similarity classes yields the figures in table 4 (based on about 140 items). For comparison, a list of Standard Basaa and a conflation of two Hijuk wordlists were also included in the analysis. For more information on Hijuk, the reader is referred to Bradley 1992 .
|Gunu [two lists]
|Mmala [two lists]
|Yangben[two lists]
|Baca [two lists]
|Mbule [two lists]
|Hijuk [two lists]
Table 5 New lexical similarity percentages for
Central Yambasa
and selected neighbouring tongues
Because these figures are based on a small sample (fewer than 150 items), the "true" proportion of similar lexicon for any pair of speech forms could be three to six percentage points higher or lower. As a relative measure, however, they confirm the classification of Gunu, Elip, Mmala, Yangben, Baca, Mbule, and Bati as part of a single cluster (corresponding to Guthrie's "Yambasa"), at least in the area of lexicon.
Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are the most closely related, with Baca, Gunu, Mbule, and Bati, in order, being the next most closely related.
One interesting aspect of this table is signs of the influence of geographical proximity and population on similarity figures. Elip, Mmala, and Yangben show the highest degree of similarity among them. They are spoken in the cantons of the same name, each of which borders the other two. Also, according to the Ethnologue ( Grimes 1988a ), there are at least two thousand speakers of each of these speech forms (Elip: 6000, Mmala: 5000, and Yangben: 2000). Yangben probably has a higher proportion of similar vocabulary with Baca, which is spoken in the Yangben canton, than do Mmala and Elip. Mmala and Elip, similarly, probably have a higher proportion of similar vocabulary with Gunu than Yangben does. The Gunu-speaking area borders on the Mmala and Elip cantons, but not the Yangben canton. The number of Nugunu speakers is listed at 35,000 speakers, but it appears that the centre is outside the Bokito subdivision. The other two speech forms (Bati and Mbule) are spoken to the west of Yangben, each by fewer than one thousand people. A slight "chaining" effect is also visible for Bati and Mbule: the similarity figures for each of these speech varieties with the other five seem to decrease slightly as the geographical distance increases.
In her survey report on the sociolinguistic situation in the Bokito Subdivision, Taylor lists "Bongo" and "Mbola" as dialects of "Yangben", but calls Mmala and Elip separate "languages". According to her interview data, however, "Mbola" is not well understood in three of the other four villages of the Yangben canton; also, only one of the six respondents from those villages said that people from Mbola could understand his speech. Furthermore, some of the responses from the two people from Bongo were so divergent from those of the others from the Yangben canton that these responses are presented separately ( Taylor 1982 :12). Taylor's use of "language" and "dialect", therefore, probably reflects administrative divisions rather than linguistic or even sociolinguistic considerations.
The Central Yambassa Rapid Appraisal Survey was carried out between 24 and 28 February 1992 by SIL members Douglas Boone, David Bradley and Caroline Grant. At least one working day (of data collection) was spent in each of the three cantons.
Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are listed in the Bible Translation Needs Bulletin 1 ( Grimes 1988b :56) as possible translation needs, which is to say, little or nothing was known about the need of the people in these three cantons for local-language Scriptures. Accordingly, the purpose of the present survey was to revise this status to either "probable translation need" or "unlikely translation need" by means of a rapid appraisal of the sociolinguistic situation in the area. Footnote 1
More broadly, the goal of the survey was to evaluate the need for codification (development of a standard written form) and Bible translation in some or all of these speech varieties (possibly with one standard form serving people in more than one canton). Because of the apparent linguistic similarity of Elip, Mmala, and Yangben, there was special interest in assessing in each canton the comprehension of and attitude toward the other Central Yambasa speech forms.
The linguistic similarity among Elip, Mmala, and Yangben was already established to the team's satisfaction, as was the lesser but still significant similarity of the three to Gunu, Baca, Mbola, and Bati. Therefore, linguistic research per se was limited to verifying the lexical differences between the three varieties of Central Yambasa, and in the cases of Mmala and Yangben, to reconciling the two existing wordlists for each canton. Each time, this was done only after sufficient sociolinguistic information had been collected.
The Central Yambasa survey was conducted using a recently developed approach known as "rapid appraisal". This approach is characterised by its limited goals (to gain a general overview of the sociolinguistic situation in a particular area) and specific, non-technical procedures (usually limited to conversations with politico-administrative authorities and church and mission leaders, informal interviews, and group and individual questionnaires Footnote 2 ). Other information, such as additional linguistic data (where this is lacking) or felt needs for development, may also be collected if time allows and as this information is seen to be helpful.
Using these procedures with a focused set of objectives, survey goals can be met in a short time, usually less than a week. Such was the case for the present survey, in which sufficient data were collected in less than one week.
An additional advantage of the rapid appraisal strategy is that because evaluation of the information can be done while still in the language area, the team is much less likely to return from the survey with gaps in the data or unanswered questions.
In some surveys, a number of people are present on the chief's compound at the time of the surveyors' visit, and the interview with the chief is conducted as a group interview, with several people taking part. This was usually not the case on the present survey. Individual interviews were conducted with people from three villages in each canton, a total of twenty-four individual interviews (including some with chiefs or their representatives). Some of the interviewees were leaders in their local church or members of village or cantonal development committees.
No claim is made that this is a representative sample of the population. However, in each canton at least seven people were interviewed, women as well as men, and older as well as younger people.
|Respondents, by sex and age
|32, 43, 45, 51, 60
|22, 45
|26, 42, 43, 43, 62
|20, 33
|23, 24, 33, 35, 43, 55, 59, 69
|33, 38
|eighteen men
|six women
Table 6 Summary of respondents to questionnaires (n=24).
The survey team pursued the research with three aspects of the sociolinguistic situation in mind. They are:
For determining how well related languages are understood and whether comprehension is based on inherent intelligibility (due to linguistic similarity) or to language learning (due to contact with speakers of the language), two diagnostic questions were used.
For the full set of questions used in individual interviews, consult the appendix.
Within the Elip and Yangben cantons of the Central Yambasa group, the (Yambasa) speech forms seem to be homogeneous. Within the Mmala canton, it is reported that there are two varieties. The differences seem to be fairly slight and were said to cause no problems for comprehension between the two varieties of Mmala. It also appears that there are no problems of intercomprehension between the three Central Yambasa groups. This refers to "practical" as opposed to "inherent" intercomprehension, which is to say that in each case a certain degree of acquisition is required. However, since contact between these people is quite common, a child of 10 or 12 years of age, generally speaking, is said to be able to understand speakers of the other speech forms. This depends, of course, on the amount of communication an individual has had with people from the other groups, as stated by several of the interviewees themselves. Some said that children as young as 6 or 7, given enough exposure, would have no difficulty understanding the other speech forms, while others said that it might take until a child was 15 or 20 years old to attain sufficient experience. In any case, it seems to be not a question of whether or not an individual would acquire comprehension of the other speech forms, but rather a question of how early in life this would occur.
The information reported here comes from the group interviews, as well as from questions 2.9 and 2.10 of the questionnaire. (See appendix for a copy of the questionnaire in its entirety.)
Elip speakers' use (with other C. Yambasa):
In Elip canton, seven people were interviewed. They all said that they would speak Elip to a Yangben speaker, who would reply in Yangben, with no lack of comprehension by either party. When asked what language they would use with a Mmala speaker, 6 of the 7 replied that they would speak Elip. The Mmala speakers would respond in Mmala and there would be no difficulty in understanding each other. For some unspecified reason, one interviewee felt that he might need to speak French with the Mmala, who would then respond in French.
Mmala speakers' use (with other C. Yambasa):
In Mmala canton, of the 7 people interviewed, 4 reported the familiar pattern of each party using their own mother tongue. This was true with respect to both Elip and Yangben speakers. One person said he spoke both Elip and Yangben well and that he would use those forms when speaking with someone from those cantons. Another reported that he spoke Elip well and that he would use Elip with an Elip speaker, but that he could not speak Yangben and he would have to use French with a Yangben speaker. However, he would be able to understand if the other party responded in Yangben. The other respondent said she would use French with someone from either Elip or Yangben. They would respond in Elip or Yangben and she would have no trouble understanding. This might be partially explained by the fact that she has spent 5 of her 20 years in Bafia going to school and she prefers to use French, even when speaking with her hometown friends.
Yangben speakers' use (with other C. Yambasa):
For the corresponding question in Yangben canton, 9 of the 10 respondents reported that each party would use their own 'patois', with no reported difficulties in comprehension. One person from the Yangben speaking part of Batanga village said that he would use French with speakers of Elip and Mmala, who would respond in French. This respondent was 24 years of age and has lived outside the region for 8 of those years (6 years in Douala, one year in Yaoundé, and one year in Nyamanga). In each of these places he spoke mainly French. Particularly interesting is the fact that he also said he would even use French in Yangben which is the neighboring village, about 5 or 6 kilometers distant, and where the mother tongue is reportedly almost identical to his mother tongue in Batanga.
(Central) Yambasa speakers' use (with Gunu speakers):
Another related speech form of particular interest in this study is Gunu. Work is presently underway to standardise Gunu, and since it is related to those under consideration, the question whether Gunu would adequately serve these people as a written form must be addressed. Of the 18 people questioned about their speech patterns with respect to a Gunu speaker, only 7 said that they understood Gunu well enough for a Gunu speaker to maintain his speech form. There were 8 who said the conversation would be in French and 3 said there would be some mixture of French, Gunu, and their own speech form. It seems fairly clear that Gunu is not understood nearly as well as the Elip-Mmala-Yangben forms and would probably not serve well as a written form for these people.
The information given here comes from the group interviews as well as from questions 3.1-3.4, and 3.6 of the questionnaire.
In each canton, the attitude expressed towards the other two speech forms was quite positive. Seventeen interviewees said they would be willing to learn to read one of the other forms if it were written instead of their own, while 6 said they would be unwilling to do so. (It was unclear whether the remaining respondent would be willing or not.) They were also asked which of the other forms they would prefer if given the choice to learn to read and write one or the other. Of the 18 people who responded to this question, 3 indicated no preference. The remaining 15 were equally split by canton of origin, five from each. Disregarding their own speech form and comparing only preferences concerning the other two forms relative to each other, Elip received 4 first place preferences and 6 second place. Mmala also received 4 first and 6 second place preferences, while Yangben received 7 first place and 3 second place preferences. In this small sample, there seems to be a slight preference for the Yangben form. The responses by canton are shown in the following table:
|Preference ->
|Home Form
Table 7 Attitudes to alternative speech forms
It was also discovered that various efforts have been made to write in, or to translate materials into, these speech forms. For example, a booklet of songs written in Elip, Mmala, Yangben and Gunu is said to exist. One man from Elip canton and another from Mmala canton are each reportedly working on compiling a (bilingual?) dictionary of their respective speech forms. Another from Elip and at least two groups in Mmala canton are reported to be translating the Catholic lectionary as well as various song books, prayers, etc. As far as could be determined, these efforts are at the moment all independent of each other. It is reported that a book of prayers has been translated into the Yangben speech form, and that copies can probably be located in Yangben village and Omende. However, the man who did this work is now deceased. Apparently, then, all of the current efforts are focused on either the Elip or the Mmala speech form.
It seems that all three speech communities could eventually be served by one written form. Which of the three would best serve the entire community is a decision probably best left to a group of representatives of all three cantons. It is hoped that the men mentioned in the preceding paragraph can be put into contact with each other to coordinate their efforts or to help form a committee that would interest itself in dealing with these issues.
The information presented in this section comes mainly from responses to the Questionnaire (see Appendix), questions 1.7, 2.1 - 2.10, and also from responses given in group interviews.
The area where Central Yambasa speech forms are found is surrounded by above all the following related and non-related languages. They are: Nomaandé to the west, Nugunu to the north, Tuki to the east, and Beti to the south.
As well as these languages, several interviewees reported that they spoke other languages, mostly because of having lived in areas outside of the Central Yambasa area, and having learned them. These included Basaa, Bafia, Ewondo/Bulu, Pidgin and Fulfulde. However, the survey concentrated on the question of bilingualism as it related to the languages of wider communication (LWCs) including French (one of the two national languages) and Ewondo/Bulu. French is also the language of instruction in the region's primary schools, and Ewondo/Bulu was formerly promoted by the church for worship and for education.
Nugunu, Ewondo and Nomaandé were the languages most referred to apart from French in this context. Every interview conducted indicated that comprehension of these languages is learned after considerable exposure and contact with speakers of these languages after the age of between fifteen and twenty.
| Speakers of which
speech form:
|No. interviewed:
|Able to speak:
|Able to understand:
Table 8 Knowledge of other languages
From the table, it can be seen that of the twenty-four respondents interviewed, all but one (a lady who was virtually monolingual) said that they could speak and understand French. Far fewer said that they could communicate either in Ewondo/Bulu, Gunu, or Nomaandé. For the purposes of this table, a person is counted as "able to speak" a language if the respondent reported being able to speak it at all.
According to group interviews, it seems that French is the language which is learned most often in childhood, after the speaker's mother tongue. This is not surprising, since children are exposed to French from an early age, in some cases even before beginning their formal education in French, at the age of six, and it is also the language of instruction in the secondary schools outside the Yambasa-speaking area where the children continue their secondary education.
In general, respondents' attitudes to French seemed to be positive, and gave the impression that they considered speaking French to be an essential and inevitable part of modern-day living in Cameroon.
Two questions on the questionnaire were intended to shed light on attitudes to French:
Question 2.3: Can you always understand people who speak French?
Question 2.5: Are you always able to say everything you want in French?
The following table summarises the responses to each question:
|Speakers of which speech form:
|No. of respondents:
|No :
|No :
Table 9 Knowledge of French
The total number of interviewees was 24. The total number of those who indicated they spoke French was 23 respondents.
Although the responses to these questions are very much subjective, and cannot give precise information on the true linguistic ability of the interviewees, the information gathered does indicate that there is a positive attitude overall to speaking and understanding French.
While the viability of a language is certainly very difficult to assess, the responses to certain questions asked in the individual interviews as well as information gained from group interviews can shed some light on this issue and give a certain feeling for the actual situation. In the questionnaire, questions 2.7 and 2.8 elicit language use patterns in various domains, while questions 3.1 and 3.2 are designed to uncover attitudes toward use of the vernacular in school and as a written form. Question 3.6 gives insight into the perceived health of the language with respect to other languages which are also used by the people.
The following patterns were discovered with respect to language use in the respective domains:
French is used in the schools throughout the Yambasa region. Many children are exposed to French for the first time when they go to school, but there are also those whose families use some French at home to prepare them for school.
Official business:
French is used in the subdivisional government offices as reported by all the respondents. (One also mentioned that there are several languages represented and that the local language might also be used.) One elderly woman questioned did not speak French and said she would go with her (French-speaking) husband if she had any official business to conduct.
The local speech forms are used very commonly in the services of the Catholic church. When the priest is conducting the service, the preaching and Bible readings are done in French first and then interpreted by one of the local people. When the priest is not there, the catechist directs the services and everything is done in the local speech form, including the preaching, singing, announcements, etc. Of course, the Bible readings are first read in French and then interpreted. Sometimes the translation has been done previously and written down for use in the services, while other times the passage is interpreted on the spot.
Patterns of language use in the marketplace seem to be quite varied. One person mentioned only the use of the local speech form while 3 mentioned only the use of French. The great majority, 20 of 24, said that several languages would be used. A typical comment was "ça dépend de la personne" or "ce qu'il faut" ("that differs from person to person" or "whatever it takes"). The general pattern seems to be that in the local markets or with other inhabitants of the region one would use his own speech form. In the larger markets, with people from outside the region, one would use French or another mutually understood language. (Other possibilities mentioned were Gunu, Bafia, and Pidgin.) One person also mentioned that French would be used more commonly by the young and 'patois' by the older people.
Language use in the home is also somewhat varied. When asked what language(s) they used with their spouse and children, 9 people said they use exclusively their own speech form and 12 said they use both 'patois' and French. One, an unemployed school teacher, reported that he uses only French at home. For the remaining two there was no response, since it was felt that the question was not applicable because they are not yet married. In response to the question of what language(s) children use at play, one person mentioned only the local language and one mentioned only the use of French. This latter response is not being interpreted to mean that they use only French, but rather that French is included when children are at play. The remaining 22 said that both the local speech form and French are used, in varying degrees. The use of French reportedly increases with age and level of schooling: the more schooling a child has received, the greater his exposure to French and the more he uses it in everyday situations with his friends.
The general attitude towards the local speech form seems to be very positive. All 24 respondents said they would be interested in learning to read and write in the 'patois', and 22 of them would like to see it used as the medium of instruction during the first few years of school. One wasn't sure if that would be a good idea or not, and the other said that it would be better to use French right from the start as is done at present. When asked whether another language was replacing their mother tongue, 7 of the 24 said French was doing so. Two of these thought this was a good thing because French is the national language and it is good for (inter-group) communication. Five people saw this as a bad trend because they feared they would lose their traditions along with their language. The remaining 17 did not think their speech form was being replaced.
The Central Yambasa people seem to have a very positive attitude towards their own speech forms, as well as a very strong ethnic identity. Their ethnic boundaries include inhabitants of the Ombessa Subdivision, who are Gunu speakers, as well as the inhabitants of four of the five cantons of the Bokito Subdivision: Gunu-Sud, Elip, Mmala and Yangben. The results of this survey would indicate that the Central Yambasa speech forms are vital, and it is expected that they will remain in use for years to come.
There also seems to be a positive attitude towards the use of French, particularly among the younger generation who have lived outside the region for some time. While the use of French seems to be increasing, a large majority of the people questioned do not perceive it to be a threat to replace the local speech forms. 'Yambasa' appears to be used quite vigorously, particularly within the context of the church as well as in the home and village, and appears to fill the role of language of identity.
The present survey confirmed that there are three similar but distinct speech forms called Elip, Mmala, and Yangben in the cantons of the same names. There is no dialectal variation within the Elip speech form; the small amount of differences said to exist between the speech of the Mmala villages apparently do not interfere with comprehension. There is also no dialectal variation within Yangben, the speech of the villages of Yangben and Omende and part of Batanga village; however, other speech forms are found elsewhere in the Yangben canton, and these are not considered "dialects of Yangben".
It is agreed that Elip, Mmala, and Yangben are related speech varieties; however, none is inherently intelligible to speakers of either of the other two. A speaker of one variety is only able to understand something said in another variety once he has heard it over a period of time. Given the amount of contact among the people in this area, it is usual for a person to have acquired the ability to understand the other speech forms before adulthood, at least if he or she has not lived outside the area as a child.
In contrast, many people from Elip, Mmala, and Yangben do not understand Gunu, which is also a related language and which is spoken in the canton immediately to the north of two of them. For this reason, it is unlikely that written materials in Gunu could be used widely in the Central Yambasa area.
The term "Yambasa" is used as an ethnic term which includes speakers of a number of speech forms. The invented term "Central Yambasa" seems useful as a middle-level grouping of Elip, Mmala, and Yangben which identifies them with other people who live in the Yangben, Gunu-Sud, and Gunu-Nord cantons while showing the closer relationship they have with each other.
Speakers of Central Yambasa varieties appear to feel a solidarity with the speakers of other varieties, and this extends in many cases to an expressed willingness to learn to read another variety should their own not be written. There is no clear picture of the relative acceptability of each variety, however. There were reports of several independent language development efforts, including at least one book of songs written in the speech forms of each of the three cantons and in Gunu, but apparently there has not yet been any consideration of the possible choice of a standard written form to serve more than one canton.
Apart from the other Central Yambasa speech forms and Gunu, the language which the greatest number of interviewees said they could speak or understand was French. There was no striking pattern of many people learning another neighbouring language, and those who knew languages of wider communication (other than French) tended to have had need of learning them when they were outside the Bokito Subdivision. The only exceptions were the cases of people who learned Ewondo/Bulu in primary school or for worship when these were the languages used in those situations (as they no longer are).
Although many Central Yambasa people know French and apparently they agree that it has an important place in their community, nearly all those interviewed had a strong desire to maintain the local language. A clear majority did not believe that their language was being replaced by another language. There is good reason to believe that the local language will continue to be spoken for a long time.
The fact that there is interpretation when Scripture is read in church suggests that there is a need for Bible translation in Central Yambasa. It seems, however, that Elip, Mmala, and Yangben need not represent three separate translation needs; the need for a written form may be met by codifying one of them. Since people normally acquire the ability to understand the spoken form of the neighbouring cantons before attaining adulthood, it is possible that they can learn to read a standard written form if they are taught to do so.
It was not within the scope of the present survey to gather sufficient data to propose a reference dialect. Various factors would need to be taken into consideration; we recommend that the people from each canton who are interested in the codification of Central Yambasa join to discuss this fundamental question. It is possible that a careful study of the ability to understand the different varieties would need to be undertaken before a potential language committee can come to a decision.
We further recommend that once such a committee has formed, it should contact other people from the Yangben canton, that is, speakers of Baca, Mbule, and possibly even Hijuk, to inform them of the project and invite them to serve on the oversight committee should they be interested (though the language development team itself should be composed of mother-tongue speakers of Central Yambasa).
The committee should be made aware of how SIL can help them in their task, by explaining some of the criteria for the choice of a "reference dialect" and keeping them informed of courses on the analysis and development of local languages, such as the "Discover Your Language" course and seminars in translation.
It seems, then that each of the three Central Yambasa speech forms demonstrates a "probable translation need". Based on the language use patterns in church (use of and interpretation into the local speech) and on the number of small-scale codification and translation efforts that have already been undertaken in the churches, there is clearly a felt need for mother-tongue use in the religious domain.
However, because of the similarity of these speech forms and the apparent level of intercomprehension (not immediate but normally acquired by adulthood), it is probable that a translation into one of the three could also serve the other two cantons. Our recommended wording for "translation need status" for these three Ethnologue entries, therefore, would take the following form:
ELIP. Probable translation need. Is intelligible (acquired intelligibility) with Mmala and Yangben. Could probably be served by same translation as for these two speech forms.
The entries for MMALA and YANGBEN would read similarly.
Boone, Douglas W. 1992a. "Baca (Bongo) Survey Report." SIL, Yaoundé.
Boone, Douglas W. 1992b. "A Sociolinguistic Survey in Mbola." SIL, Yaoundé.
Bradley, David. 1992. "Hijuk Survey Report." SIL, Yaoundé.
Dieu, Michel (director). 1983. Atlas Linguistique de l'Afrique Centrale. Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun: Inventaire préliminaire. CERDOTOLA, Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Yaoundé.
Grant, Caroline. 1992. "Bati Survey Report." SIL, Yaoundé.
Grimes, Barbara F. (ed.). 1988a. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 11th Edition. SIL, Dallas.
Grimes, Barbara F. (ed.). 1988b. Bible Translation Needs: Bulletin 1. WBTI, Dallas.
Paulian, Christiane. 1980. "Les classes nominales dans les parlers yambassa." LACITO-informations, Bull. liaison 11. 11:63-66. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ivry.
Scruggs, Terri. 1982. "Rapport linguistique de l'enquête menée à Bokito." 72 pp. incl. appendices. SIL, Yaoundé.
Taylor, Carrie. 1982. "Les langues de l'Arrondissement de Bokito." 19 pp. + ii. SIL, Yaoundé.
1. Scruggs' and Taylor's survey data are not sufficient basis for a revision of this status. Although they touch on questions of intelligibility (Taylor 1982) as well as presenting linguistic data (Scruggs 1982), information on language use and attitudes is sketchy. Also, Taylor's report does not distinguish between immediate comprehension (based on inherent intelligibility) and acquired comprehension (based on having learned the speech form, at least passively), so that the question of inherent intelligibility among Yambasa speech forms is not answered.
Taylor's report does suggest reference dialects for each canton, but her
recommendations are based on interviews in which "language" was
apparently defined as "varieties of speech in a single canton". Thus
the possibility of one standard form serving more than one canton is not
considered. She does raise the possibility that more than one standard written
language might be needed for the Yangben canton: while the speech of Yangben
village is the recommended reference dialect, she indicates that "the
dialects of Mbola and Bongo" might also be codified. As intelligibility
was the main focus of study, this could be interpreted as a readiness to
classify Mbule and Baca as separate languages.
2. Usually the surveyor poses the questions orally, reading from the form,
and then notes the responses. Strictly speaking, the survey instrument so used
is not a questionnaire but an interview schedule, since the term
"questionnaire" is often reserved for a form submitted to the
respondent to read and to complete in writing.


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The Evening Standard today claimed that the congestion charge has brought in only £14 million despite Transport for London figures saying that it has brought in £382 million. However, on closer reading, it appears that the article is based on the calculations of an anonymous banker and a campaigning Tory councillor.
The article, published on the eve of the election is entitled 'The real cost of Ken's C-Charge.' However, the source of the extraordinary claims seems to be the undisclosed calculations of an undisclosed banker and the accusations of a campaigning Tory councillor and blogger.
In fact, the Standard's second source of expertise is none other than the Tory London councillor Phil Taylor. Phil Taylor was recently thoroughly fisked by Blairwatch after he claimed (among other things) that an oyster bus fare is £1.50. The real cost of a single oyster fare is, as any oyster card user will know, 90p.
With that 70% rate of inaccuracy, you can see why the Evening Standard puts so much faith in him.
-Update- For a good laugh read The Evening Standard's defence of it's election coverage. For a more worrying read, take a look at this interview with Gilligan.

subset: commoncrawl


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|mouth ulcers
Jul 27, 2012
i have nonpainfull mouth ulcers till a year and my chicks are go inside and smt i have skin rashes but i have never done sex in my life because i am just 17 am i have HIV
Response from Dr. Young
Hello, if you've never had sex or used injection drrugs, it would be exceedingly unlikely that you have HIV infection. if you still have concerns, I'm sure that there are likely to be community organizations in your city where you can get additionally councelling and HIV testing.
Be well, BY
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As cities across the U.S. face police shortages and violent crime rebounds, some communities have begun to police themselves through other means.
One such watch group was created in a neighborhood in Milwaukee, Oregon and calls itself a "Glock Block."KOIN News reports:
"We're starting a new group," said Coy Tolonen, who lives in unincorporated Clackamas County. "We don't feel neighborhood watch is sufficient, and we don't feel the Clackamas County Sheriff's Office is sufficient."
Tolomon and a group of Jennings Lodge neighbors say they're responding to escalating crime on their block by also making fliers that read "This is a Glock block. We don't call 911."
It's mostly petty crime that neighbors are sick and tired of: stolen lawn ornaments, vandalism. But for neighbors like Tolonen, a breast-cancer survivor, that's enough: "I will defend myself — and my home," she told KOIN 6 News.
Citizens of Detroit, a city that is about to default on a $2.5 billion debt to avoid bankruptcy, are trying a different approach. The Detroit police force, which has lost 25 percent of its strength over a four-year period, is attempting to bolster itself by placing unarmed volunteer citizens in a program that would have them patrol the city streets. The volunteers are given radios and matching T-shirts and act as extra eyes for officers who protect neighborhoods where robberies and other crimes frequently occur.
Layoffs of local police officers in Oakland, California have forced residents to hire private security firms in the wealthy neighborhoods of Piedmont and Oakmore.
Chris de Guzman, chief operating officer of the security company First Alarm, told The Christian Science Monitor, "With less law enforcement on the streets and more home crime or perception of home crime, people are wanting something to replace that need. That's why they're calling us and bringing companies like us aboard to provide that deterrent."
Oakland is not the only city whose citizens are calling on private security firms, usually reserved for shopping malls or big events. Atlanta and Detroit residents are also recruiting these firms for protection.
While not a privately-funded solution, the crime wave in Chicago has become so overwhelming for police officers, firefighters in the Windy City are giving security to local public school children and walking students to and from school.
Photo: Jo Guldi/Flickr


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Reuters Staff
1 Min Read
Sept 6 (Reuters) - S&P:
* S&P - Kingdom of Bahrain's proposed Sukuk trust certificates assigned 'BB-' preliminary rating Source text (bit.ly/2gG0gmk)
All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays.
© 2018 Reuters. All Rights Reserved.


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I rushed straight to Via Gesu after the stunning Prada show earlier this evening. Donatella invited me for a casual meet. I thought it was very sweet and kind of her to invite me to their rehearsal, a full twenty four hours before the show. Models Siri Tollerod and Lindsey Wixson were also there, walking the long, lighted runway in these amazing, skyscraper platform shoes. Versace shows are usually high-energy, with gorgeous girls sashaying to pumping music. Donatella told me there are going to be forty-plus looks tomorrow and she liked the idea of bringing big hair back after several seasons of sleek, straight hair.
In other news, my bf arrived in Milan this afternoon. He, too, met the iconic Donatella. I don't usually tag him along to my business affairs but I needed someone to capture a photo of me and Ms. Versace.
Are you excited for the Versace show tomorrow night? I am.


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Main Office
Associate Provost and Director, Academic Planning and Institutional Research
Staff Affiliate, WISCAPE
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Senior Policy and Planning Analyst, Academic Planning and Institutional Research University of Wisconsin-Madison
Various legislative bills associated with the reauthorization of the federal Higher Education Act have included provisions that target colleges and universities that persistently increase tuition at rates beyond a set threshold. Under these bills, such institutions would be publicly identified and subject to sanctions, although the details of these sanctions have varied from bill to bill. For example, versions of the College Cost Reduction Act of 2007 would assign affordability alert status to institutions that increase tuition at more than twice the rate of inflation over a three-year period and do not meet exemption conditions.
This analysis uses publicly available tuition and fees information to answer three questions: (a) which universities have had tuition increases greater than twice the rate of inflation in recent years; (b) how does the rate of change in tuition divided by the rate of inflation relate to tuition; and (c) are the institutions charging the highest tuition most frequently those that would be subject to sanctions? DOWNLOAD THIS PUBLICATION


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I'm a godmother!! :)
Sunday, February 3, 2013
How cute is she?! Congratulations little Clare. You are now a child of God :)Read more...
How cute is she?! Congratulations little Clare. You are now a child of God :)Read more...
Nail design I did this week. Leopard print!! :D
So easy to do, and there are sooo many different color combinations you can do!
Here's an interesting article I'd love to share with my readers for today!
Here's a quick review on a product I purchased a couple weeks ago :)
Here's a fun nail design I did a few days ago :)
Overall, I really liked these shadows. I would say the only con would be that they're too shimmery for me. I personally love matte shadows. And I guess another thing would be that they're a bit light and soft, so these would be great for daytime looks for maybe work or school, not so much for a nighttime dramatic look.
I gotz a bunch of new nail polish colors by L.A. Colors last week! And here they are!
|Just a pic of my L.A. Colors collection :)
|L.A. colors are so cool, they sent me these lovely polishes: [left to right] Black, Silver Glitter, & Fuel
|Atomic && Shock
|Fuji Purple (my favorite) && Electric Shock
|Fuel && Fuji Purple
Back to TOP


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Words containing aerodontalg
Found 2 words containing aerodontalg. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain aerodontalg. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with aerodontalg
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
- WordHub
- Crossword


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Here is the deal:
3 winners- 1st winner picks 3 of the above books, 2nd picks 2, 3rd takes the last.
Easy. Here's how to enter!
1. Fill out the form
2. Make Sure you are a follower
3. Answer question in comments: Which book of the six do you want to get your hands on most?
EDIT: Sorry for not specifiying before...international welcome. Ends: March 19th, 2010.
|Monica S.
|Copyright The Bibliophilic Book Blog 2009-2010


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Leading autism researchers will present & answer questions via webstream as well as in person at UC-Davis
Autism Speaks, the Autism Research Institute and the MIND Institute at the University of California-Davis invite researchers and the public to attend "Immunological Factors, Genes and the Environment in Autism: from Research to Treatment." The educational session will take place Saturday, June 1, from 8:30 am to 12:30 pm Pacific Time at the UC-Davis MIND Institute.
The session is free both online (webstreamed) and in person, but requires registration. For more information and registration, click here.
Autism researchers Reymundo Lozano, Pamela Lein and Judy VanDeWater will discuss research in the role of immunological factors in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They will both summarize current research and present their own findings.
Immunological research has led to the discovery of autoantibodies that target brain proteins in children with autism and their mothers. In particular, these include maternal autoantibodies directed towards fetal brain proteins that are highly specific for autism. This finding has great potential as a biomarker for autism risk and may provide a target for future medicines and prevention measures. Other research suggests that some forms of autism may involve problems in the signaling pathways shared by the immune and central nervous systems.
The presentations will be followed by a question and answer period that will be open to the public via webcast and Twitter. Continuing education credits will be available. Please register at http://www.regonline.com/ASD-Series.
State/Province Name:
Postal Code:


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Someone who writes Love like Laura Kaye is a treasure beyond rubies, I love the sincerity of her writing,
Welcome LAURA KAYE!
I'm so excited to participate in the Fools for Luv Valentine's event! To celebrate this event based around a celebration of romance, I thought I'd pick out a few of the instances when my heroes have really turned on the romantic charm, along with a brief excerpt to illustrate it. Here we go:
Picnic Scene, West of Want, hero Zephyros Martius.
Zeph sat reclined on the blanket, braced against his arms, watching her. His eyes were as bright as she'd ever seen them, so alive with that magical light.
"You overwhelm me." He shrugged and looked up at the brilliant pink blossoms above them. "It's hard to restrain myself when I'm with you. This time, I didn't bother to try."
Marco's Surprise Scene, Her Forbidden Hero, hero Marco Vieri.
As Marco hit the second chorus, Alyssa's legs finally acted on the command to move and she walked down the tiered entranceway to the wide aisle that ran down the middle of the venue parallel to the stage. She made it partway across when a spotlight fell on her. She froze as everyone turned, but then Marco's gaze found her, too. And the love shining out of his gorgeous eyes beckoned her to come to him.
People reached out and shook her hand or called out enthusiastic cheers as she passed, but all she could really focus on was Marco. He missed a few notes and sang half a verse a cappella with his left arm resting in his lap. But what he'd done for her was completely, utterly perfect.
Flying Scene, North of Need, hero Owen Winters.
Before she could, she ceased to be corporeal.
Owen! she screamed in her mind.
I'm here angel, and I've got you. Just feel. Take it all in.
I'm scared. Though she was no more than consciousness adrift, she would've sworn she felt his lips and hands caress her. The impossible sensation squelched the fear, left only a mystical thrill in its place.
I would never let anything happen to you, Megan. On my honor. On my life.
I believe you. What's happening? The world glided under her, around her, like she was a bird soaring
on the ebbs and flows of air currents.
We are the wind.
Reunion Scene, Forever Freed, hero Lucien Demarco.
"Thank you, Sam, thank God. Your acceptance of me…it eases the burden I have carried for the sin of what I am. Your love has helped me forgive myself. And that is a gift, Samantha, a priceless gift, this feeling of absolution. I have been searching for it my whole life."
Reunion Scene, North of Need, hero Owen Winters.
"You're pregnant," he whispered, awe stealing his voice.
He pressed a hand against her belly, held it there. "I feel him within you." My child. My son. Our son.
Megan grinned. "Yeah?"
He nodded. "Gods, Megan. I'm to be a father?"
"Yes." Her breathing hitched.
"And you…you are the mother of my child."
"Yeah," she whispered. "Is all this okay?"
Okay? Owen's head reeled at how miraculous, how momentous, this news truly was. "Second to you
saying you love me, it's the most incredible thing I've ever heard." His chest expanded and eyes
stung with the force of his emotion. "Oh, however was I fortunate enough to find you?"
Santa Reveal Scene, One Night with a Hero, hero Brady Scott.
He nodded and focused his whole heart on her. It was easy. She owned it completely. "You have given me things I never thought I could have. Taught me things about myself I didn't think I could learn. And made me happier than I ever thought I could be. You ease me, and I don't want to spend another minute without you by my side. Joss Daniels, would you do me the greatest honor of my life
and become my wife?"
So, how'd they do?
Did you have a favorite romantic moment from among these?
One commenter will receive a signed print book of any of the titles featured in this post! Open to international!
Good luck!
BE SURE TO COMPLETE THE RAFFLE COPTER.a Rafflecopter giveaway
About Laura Kaye:
Laura is the New York Times and USA Today bestselling author of nearly a dozen books in contemporary
and paranormal romance. Growing up, Laura's large extended family believed in the supernatural, and
family lore involving angels, ghosts, and evil-eye curses cemented in Laura a life-long fascination with
storytelling and all things paranormal. She lives in Maryland with her husband, two daughters, and cute-
but-bad dog, and appreciates her view of the Chesapeake Bay every day.
Website | Blog | Facebook | Twitter | Newsletter SignUp


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Written by YH STAFF
Jasmine Villegas Performs Acoustic Version of "That's Me Right There" Live
The beautiful and talented Jasmine Villegas pays a visit to the YH Studio where she performs an amazing stripped-down version of her single "That's Me Right There"! She also takes time to tell us about the inspiration behind the song and how her collabo with Kendrick Lamar came about. Plus, she reminisces about her early days with Justin Bieber, explains why she prefers to keep it real on social media, and reveals what Grammy-winning singer she most emulates!


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For those with limited time, experience the highlights of South Australia's premier nature-based tourism destination, Kangaroo Island. As one of our most popular day tours, you will see all of the major attractions of Kangaroo Island.
Visit Seal Bay Conservation Park where you will be taken on a beach walk with an experienced park ranger to see Australian sea lions.
Enjoy a delicious two course lunch at Vivonne Bay Bistro, set in a beautiful Australian bushland setting, followed by a visit to the Hanson Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, were you will see koalas relaxing in the trees.
Spend the afternoon at Flinders Chase National Park, walk around Remarkable Rocks and see playful Long-nosed Fur Seals at Admirals Arch.
This tour is a full on 16 hour day (however you do get good time to rest during your coach and ferry transfers).
Or, if you have the time to spare, why not consider staying overnight on Kangaroo Island or going over the day before your tour!


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Quick Reference
(1958–), British illustrator. Davidson studied at London's Royal College of Art, where he was introduced to woodcarving by his teacher John Lawrence. Working as a freelance illustrator, he won the ...
Subjects: Literature.
Related content in Oxford Index
Reference entries
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Fishing Tackle Unlimited
12800 Gulf Freeway
Houston, TX 77034
Houston, TX 77034
Best Of
If you ever get lost and you look over and see the world's largest anything, chances are you're in Houston. Fishing Tackle Unlimited helps with that, because the place is literally the world's largest tackle store. The good thing is, it's not an overdone Disney World-type place like other mammoth outdoor shops. The reel section alone is enough to make your head spin — especially if you check out the price tags. You can also "test drive" kayaks in the store's outdoor pool. Put it this way: If you're working on a research paper about fishing, skip the library and head to Fishing Tackle Unlimited, just south of Hobby before Clear Lake.
Get the Things to Do Newsletter
Sign up for our weekly guide to events in Houston, and never be bored again. With suggestions for every day of the week, our recommendations will keep you busy on any budget.


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NSV Working Group Update with Credit Suisse's Vesko Pehlivanov
Anyone who would like to reimagine their networks should listen to Vesko Pehlivanov. The service architect of security at Credit Suisse is the chairman of the Network Service Virtualization (NSV) working group here at ONUG. NSV describes how to virtualize firewalls, load balancers, and other network services. There are already approaches for OpenStack, Docker, VMware, and others, but no one solution that cuts cross all environments. How will that help your organization? We'll let Vesko explain. (more…)


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Seeking artists for- (dis)comfort zones an Art Exhibition and Symposium at Carroll University, running from 15 January - 13 February, 2019
The contemporary art world has begun to open up its tightly curated borders to marginalized and non-normative voices, supposedly. Even as they begin to take risks, the front facing façade of the museums and galleries hide the actual politics of those who fund and run the institutions. These barriers still exist and continue to marginalize voices and bodies on the large scale, even at those institutions which boast a liberal or progressive creed. The question then becomes how does one access these narratives when institutions do not foster dialogues or provide resources outside of a predetermined western canon? When one actually looks at what is being done on a larger scale, it is easy to see through the tokenizing efforts of the art world. This tokenization is in direct opposition to the kind of empathetic spaces that need to be opened up in order to combat performative diversity.
In response to this violence of pedagogy and the ineffective discourses it creates, (dis)comfort zones seeks to provide a platform for students and faculty at Carroll University to foster new dialogues. The artworks engender alternative conversations which is extrapolated on in a symposium and an Exhibition Information Guide. (dis)comfort zones seeks to highlight artists currently working in North America who navigate and articulate issues which expand dialogues such as identity, colonialism, and oppression. These artists would rather complicate our conversations then simplify to make palatable.
DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION- September 1 2018
1. 5-10 images (jpegs) or video links (or a combination of both) titled with name of piece, dimensions, date, and medium(s)*
2. A statement expressing how they navigate themes relevent to the exhibtion in their practice.
3. CV/Resume
4. Website link, online portfolio or IG if applicable
All applicants will be notified no later than September 15 2018
ALL APPLICATIONS BE SUMBITTED AND SENT TO - email@example.com
Jonathan Korotko is the curater of this exhibation, any questions or thoughts may be directed to him at email@example.com
*Please send images attached directly into the email, no third party attachmnts (Google drive, Wetrasnfer etc).


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Watch how to make this recipe.
Special equipment: 16 (6-inch) bamboo skewers, soaked in water for 30 minutes Grill pan
Soak the grape leaves in several changes of water to get rid of the brine flavor. Separate the leaves and blot dry. Trim any stems and set aside.
In a medium bowl, combine the beef, shallot, sugar, lemongrass, garlic, and fish sauce. Mix until well combined. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour.
Divide the beef mixture into 32 equal portions (about 1 tablespoon per portion). Place a grape leaf flat (widest side closest to you) on a clean kitchen towel. Shape 1 meat mixture into a 1 1/2-inch-long sausage and place it horizontally across the wide end of the leaf. Fold the wide end over the filling once. Fold the sides in and roll up as you would a spring roll, enclosing the meat. The roll should be compact and fairly tight. Repeat to make 32 rolls.
Thread 4 grape leaf rolls on 2 parallel bamboo skewers, leaving space in between the rolls. Repeat with remaining skewers and rolls. Brush each roll with vegetable oil. Heat a grill pan over high heat. Grill the rolls, flipping them once the oil becomes shiny, until crisp and cooked through, 3 to 4 minutes. Serve with Sweet, Sour, and Spicy Dipping Sauce.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the sugar, lemon juice, and fish sauce, until the sugar is completely dissolved. Add the garlic and chiles. Let stand for 20 minutes before serving. Store in the refrigerator for up to 1 week.
Yield: 6 servings
If you have fish sauce that is a little old but not black, use water to take the intensity of the saltiness down to a palatable level. Add 1 tablespoon of spring water at a time to the recipe, and keep tasting as you adjust.
Check Out Our
Get a sneak-peek of the new Food Network recipe page and give us your feedback.See it Now!


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You are here: Home >All Stores>PhotoBox
All Categories
Featured Stores
Added 1 years ago
In 2013, photobox added two more functionalities or categories to its portfolio one was StickyGram which is known as Sticky, Sticky is an online printing of photos mainly of instagram while the other was PaperShaker the purpose of which was the invitation cards or announcements letters or cards. There was a record growth of more than 18% in the year 2013/2014. It all started in the early 200 when Graham Hobson and his friend Mark Chapman founded Photo Box in a small garage situated in Clerkenwell London. They and their families used to print customers orders like pictures and cards etc on their own and posted them from the nearest post office.
"The internet isn't just a retail channel. It's a tool for disruptive innovation" this is the slogan of the photo box pretty much catchy and informative but the main reason of the slogan is that they think that through internet they will try their best to give their customer an opportunity to create what they think and feel as internet is the best platform. The main aim of photo box is to give a platform, tools, prints, colours and to get back the happiness of people. This is the best way for a person to show his creativity and love of colours in his life just open it and get started.
Though they do not have a lot of verity but they got a tab naming Photo Books where they have different photo books in which people can store their memories for ever. Then there is a portion for prints where people can print there pictures with different sizes and different prints. Then comes the most interesting thing that is canvas it can be of different size and styles, it can be desk canvas, college, or framed canvas. After the pictures it's time to look at a wide range of cards photo box got for their customers. The cards are of different categories it can be Christmas cards, wedding invitations, Birth announcements, Parts Invitations, Christening Invitations. They also include large verity of mugs for gifts or personal use, self modifiable mobile, tabs case and also the most interesting wall arts. There is another category gift an it is one of the most interesting thing to watch on this site it includes cards , printed cushions mugs, birthday gifts, anniversary gifts, gifts for him and gifts for her and a wide range in it.
Let's look at the facts and figures of this site or brand. They have got 1000 employees in total that are working across 5 different brands. They have 5 company owned factories that are in continuous process of converting digital memories into physical and other emotional products. They proudly announced their 9.6 active customers from 18 different countries of the world and it's still in process.
In 2015 more than 21 million cards were produced this means 21 million emotions were printed, 3 million photo books were produced means millions of pictures and emotions were saved permanently, more than 8.9 million photos were uploaded in December during the peak day . by looking all these aspects the thing comes to mind is why not let's give a view to it and see what we get. Their online service is great , anyone can order anything from around the world and any one can create their memories in just four steps that are choose a product, personalise with your photos, checkout securely, delivery to you direct. Discounts are offered on different items for Christmas and on other occasions. More over there are mobile apps as well for mobile users, those who prefer mobile over the PC, there is an app for both the android as well apple users. Now you can design and print your own memories from your mobile phones and tablets. No matter where you are what are you doing , are you bored just turn your mobile on download the app and start printing your imagination you have kept in your mind for years. You can also create your own profile and save your work with time to time and whenever you are free again you can come back and do your work and start from where you left. Personally loved this mobile app as it let us create whatever we want and print our dreams. People should try once at least one time and it's a challenge they won't stop using it.


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Hi there,
My5Big Pro has decided to stop working.
Here, in as much detail as possible is the sorry story.
2 days ago the box was very slow transferring files, so I rebooted it. Since then, the big LED on the front blinks blue for ages, I'm talking 30+ minutes.
If it does finally settle to a solid blue - which it does from time to time - I can see the drive using the Network Assistant, but it can't see the disks, or volumes or whatever you want to call it.
At this point I should probably say I'm on Mac, 10.11.1 & yes, it has been working under the latest OS X for me.
I've just had to do the dreaded 'long push' to reboot the box again, & it's flashing blue quickly.
I do have the key etc, but before I do anything drastic(?) I thought I should post here, in case anyone can tell me what to do - nicely I hope.
I was running iTunes, Plex & Time Machine on it, plus I stored other files.
5x 2TB drives.
I can't say whether or not the drives all check out, as I'm still waiting (& waiting) for it to restart.
What I can say is when I visit http://lacie-5big-pro.local/ it asks me for my Mac address & then gives me two options. FTP or Restore (or similar), whereas previously it was my Dashboard.
I have tried both of those, & get a really unhelpful error on-screen.
I'm about to go & grab a VGA cable (who has one of those these days?) to see if I can see anything.
I have of course also contacted support, but have yet to receive a reply.
Here's a screenshot, I don't like the look of the highlighted area http://i.imgur.com/3H97olv.jpg
Anyway, obviously I have no backup of the files - I figured the chances of 2x drives dying at the same time would be minimal.
I never really thought I'd not be able to access ANY of them.
Can anyone point me in the right direction, give me any advice or things I should try.
I'd really like to get a decent nights sleep again.
Thanks for listening.
Where do I begin...?
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: Where do I begin...?
You're a bit off-topic in this sub-forum. The 5Big Pro is a totally different beast than the 5Big v1.
Anyway, I think you have one or more dying/dead disks, or a failing motherboard.
Your screenshot shows an 'Event log' button. Does it show anything relevant?
Raid is never a replacement for backup.
Anyway, I think you have one or more dying/dead disks, or a failing motherboard.
Your screenshot shows an 'Event log' button. Does it show anything relevant?
You have 5 disks, probably from the same batch, who have shared all good&bad and power fluctuations. If one dies, what are the odds a 2nd is about to die? OK, you can handle 2 dead disks. But then you have a degraded,non-redundant array of 3 disks which statistically are also about to die.Anyway, obviously I have no backup of the files - I figured the chances of 2x drives dying at the same time would be minimal.
Raid is never a replacement for backup.
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2 posts • Page 1 of 1


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What to CookAmanda & Merrill
Herbed Chicken Cutlets
- Merrill
Like last week's meatloaf post, my post this week is inspired by my New Year's resolution to go back to basics in the kitchen. My meat-and-potatoes fiancé loves German food, and wiener schnitzel is perhaps his favorite dish in the world. So one night recently, I decided to attempt a chicken cutlet that could stand up to even the best schnitzel. Ina Garten first introduced me to the notion of adding grated parmesan and fresh herbs to the breadcrumbs when making cutlets, and some time ago I decided I preferred panko to plain breadcrumbs because of the extra crunch. I also find that by pounding the chicken breasts as thin as possible (I just cover them with plastic wrap and have at them with a rolling pin -- very cathartic) and keeping the heat fairly high, I end up with crisp, evenly browned cutlets and juicy, tender meat in under 5 minutes. To aid with the browning and crisping, I like to add a knob of butter to the vegetable oil before frying.
Confident that I had this one in the bag, I whipped up my signature cutlets, along with some smashed potatoes and green beans. I put the plate in front of my fiancé, and his reaction was exactly what I had been hoping for. Not a crumb was left on the plate. So far, I'm 2 for 2 in resolution land.
Herbed Chicken Cutlets with Panko and Parmesan
Serves 2
- 1 cup panko crumbs
- 1 tablespoon chopped assorted fresh herbs (parsley, thyme, rosemary)
- 1/3 cup grated parmesan
- Salt and pepper
- 2 eggs
- 1/2 cup flour
- 3 tablespoons vegetable oil
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 2 boneless skinless chicken breasts, pounded to about 1/4 inch thick


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Perfect sailing conditions on Friday and Saturday at St. Barths Bucket
Friday's Superyacht fleet started their 14-square-mile distance race around the island of Saint-Berthélemy under sunshine and 13-15 knot breezes. Six classes were sailing counter-clockwise courses ranging from 21 to 25 nm in distance.
Saturday morning saw 12-15 knot breezes that softened down to about seven knots around afternoon. The Bucket fleet sailed 22-25 nm on the western side of St. Barths around Ile Fourchue and Roche Table. 23 Superyachts were sailing in five pursuit classes and three J-Class yachts racing in their separate fleet racing class.
Sunday's course will send the fleet around St. Barths where spectators might be able to watch the Superyachts in action from many of the island's 14 beaches.
Preliminary 2018 results can be found at https://bucketregatta.com/results/2018-results/
Enjoy the pictures taken at 2018 St. Barths Bucket Regatta!


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April 27, 2015
If you are like me, nothing turns you off from a home more than someone else's cranky cat following you around or noisy parrot squawking while you check out the kitchen. Even though it's hard to ignore pets, do your best because dogs, cats, and guinea pigs don't come with the house! Just keep in mind that you may want to pay for extra cleaning services when you move in, especially if you have allergies.
Next time you are spending the day viewing properties with your ReeceNichols agent try to keep some of these tips in mind and hopefully you will snag a house that will become your perfect home in no time.
By Bryn Huntpalmer
Call 816-420-5123
Email email@example.com


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Just because Gwen Stefani wasn't at the L.A.M.B Spring 2012 show, doesn't mean her soul wasn't. Every look was true Gwen either by the heels, short hemlines, cropped leather jackets, jumpsuits, color and all the prints. She didn't discount the Fashion Week trends either. There were tons of perforation in this collection as well.
The mixture of the prints in the look above is just great. I love the black and white with the tribal red. Another look I am fond of is the mini skirt with the leather jacket. It is a fun look that I think many young girls will love. You can click below to see some of the looks.


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They released specs and have been workin with Novell to get opensource drivers out to users. You want to give you a reach around as well? For years everyone complains about lack of specs and AMD delivers and now people complain that AMD didn't opensource their propietary drivers. The specs should be moe than enough, imo. Its more than Nvidia has done.
Then do some research before you dare spread FUD..
Intel, AMD and now VIA have all released either docs or drivers... Nvidia is the only one holding out.
Intel stuff:
Via stuff:
You fail at life Adurbe.. just like Adobe fails at business.
Edited 2008-11-21 01:00 UTC
You fail at life Adurbe.. just like Adobe fails at business.
I'll happily continue to 'fail' like a multi billion dollar company :-)
Indeed, if I manage to even get close to that level of 'failure' I'll be happy!
FYI incase there was any misunderstanding, Adurbe isnt a derivitive of adobe its the latin Ad Urbe
I had a Chrome9 chipset before my last motherboard upgrade. This not being the first time VIA has made noises about opening up, the OpenChrome devs were quite skeptical this round. However, it looks like we may be seeing the beginnings of an open dialog. Though it looks like VIA's internal documentation situation is, shall we say, less than optimal. This should be interesting to watch:
Edited 2008-11-20 14:37 UTC
Based on this, I think VIA is really trying to become open.
Committed over 16,000 lines of code to kernel


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Check out this tripod that was in our closet for oh, probably a million years. Valerie told me of it; I didn't even know we had it. This is really going to help me when I am fishing alone in taking pictures of me posing with bigger fish.
First fish of the new year!
5 years ago


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Published: 2009/11/13
NMA, John Hammond Featured on Mississippi Sheiks Broadcast
Music from the new Mississippi Sheiks tribute CD, Things About Comin' My Way , will air on the global internet radio station www.allmemphismusic.com. The tribute CD features performances by John Hammond, The North Mississippi Allstars, Bruce Cockburn, Geoff Muldaur, Bill Frisell, Madeleine Peyroux, Danny Barnes and The Carolina Chocolate Drops, among others. The one-hour special on Things About Comin' My Way will air this evening, November 13, at 10 PM CT and repeat tomorrow, November 14, at 10 AM CT. In addition to playing all 17 tracks from Things About Comin' My Way, the special will include an in-depth interview with Steve Dawson, who conceived the project, produced most of the tracks on the album, played various instruments throughout and is the featured artist on one track. The Mississippi Sheiks came together in the 1920s and produced a number of early American blues songs.


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NO BOOTCAMPS THIS WEEK BECAUSE 90% OF THE TEAM IS TAPERING. IMMT get your strength done on your own.
Was awesome to see 70+ riders yesterday – and lots of folks at the quarry swim. It's fun to have so much energy in our rides! Keep it up! Now we look forward to our "A" races… this week it's important to do ONLY what's on the training plan. It will feel light and you will have extra energy, that's the point! So don't do anything silly like adding extra work. Having said that the work that we do – even through it's less – is still important, so get it in! Do exactly what your plan says, no more and no less.
Eat right, hydrate now, make good choices.
In this email:
1. Important notes for the week
2. Overview of Team Z West events for the week
3. Overview of clinics offered this week


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Power Glider 2-Person Snow Sled
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Rocket your way down the snow covered hills aboard the Blue Wave Power Glider Snow Sled. Constructed from 18 ga. durable cold-crack resistant PVC vinyl with electronically welded seams. This sled features an advanced bottom design that offers better performance and control in all kinds of snow. The four large molded handles provide a great grip for an enhanced sledding experience. Designed to withstand long days of snow - time fun!
Salesperson says: "Enjoy Your Snow Day!"
- Product ID: 026264
- Brand: Blue Wave
- 57" x 27" - inflated size
- Large valve for Quick inflation and deflation
- Double locking valve - guarantees air tight seal
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- Reinforced double welded seams
- 4 Heavy duty handles
- Maximum load weight: 330 Lbs.
- Grip line for easy towing
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TV Network Upfronts ( In not boring language)
It's that magical time of year where the giant corporate monster, known as the TV industry whores itself out to the giant corporate wildabeast, the advertising industry. The point of all this is for the TV networks to get as much upfront cash as they can before advertisers actually see how crappy all the shows are - a beautiful game of slight of hand. Usually, this is when the networks make their big announcements as they try and position themselves as the next hottest channel.
As of now, these are the Wall Street predictions via Deadline.com: Credit Suisse' Spencer Wang predicts this morning that CBS will record commitments (advertising dollars) of $2.8B (+4%), followed by ABC at $2.4B (+2%), Fox at $2.0B (+2%), NBC at $1.7B (no change), and CW at $477M (-1%).
Most of this boring insider stuff is more effective for sleep than an ambien and a glass of wine, so I'll just mention other cool stuff in network news:
* Television ratings are falling everywhere, and with the economy still hovering around toilet level, advertisers won't be spending the big bucks on TV advertising at the moment.
* ABC renewed Modern Family and Happy Endings. Yeah for both of those, which are just be getting better and better.
* NBC renewed 30 Rock for a 7th and final season. I need to pause for a moment and shed a tear. Okay I'm back. Tina Fey put an amazing show together with her stellar writing as the foundation. NBC also renewed Up all Night, and Parks and Recreation to my delight - although there are rumors that there will only be one more season of Parks which makes me extremely angry. There's so much they can still do with those characters. For some reason, NBC also renewed Community and Whitney. Whitney is just not funny, and while Community has rabid fans, it seems like only a good sitcom if you are on coke. It is so bipolar and inconsistent, like its bipolar coked up creator Dan Harmon. Harmon also went overboard in his fight with Chevy Chase recently and has lost my respect completely. You don't talk about one of the Three Amigos like that dude.
* Fox renewed New Girl. It had no other choice for this charming breakout hit. Zooey Deschanel could not be any more adorable. Well she could, but it would probably be illegal in most southern states.
Think that's about it on fun TV news for now. I am going to make some hot tea, cry and read over some old 30 Rock Scripts. I am going to miss you Kenneth Parcell.


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The growth in the use of mobile phones and portable computers is placing new demands on battery technology, but a new type of lithium battery could solve many of these problems.
Lead and nickel-cadmium batteries are still the most common type of battery, but lithium is becoming more popular with power-hungry users.
Lithium can store large voltages, is light, and can be quickly recharged. Unfortunately, lithium batteries can also ignite if they short circuit. Moreover, lithuim batteries suffer the 'memory-effect', where repeated recharge cycles decrease the lifetime of the battery and the charge stored.
As electrical equipment becomes smaller and lighter, more demands are made on batteries. Most cylindrical batteries make use of sheet-shaped electrodes rolled into a cylinder. This leads to technical manufacturing difficulties when designing small high-power batteries, especially for cameras. In these situations, a thick coating is used on both sides of the electrode sheet to increase voltage capacity, which in turn makes it difficult to roll the sheet up.
Hiroshi Fujimoto and Yasuo Aotsuka from Fuji Photo Film Company in Japan have patented a new type of battery which has better properties than those available at present. Patent 5683834 refers to a type of lithium battery which has coatings of different thickness. The inner coating is thinner than the outer one, making it easier to roll up into a cylinder. Tests carried out by the researchers as part of their Patent claim sound very encouraging for users looking for better batteries.


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Canwest News Service · Jan. 14, 2009 | Last Updated: Jan. 14, 2009 9:00 PM ET
The Ontario Hockey League is sending a message to its rough-and-tumble players: keep your lids on.
OHL commissioner David Branch announced on Wednesday the adoption of a new rule that states players who are about to engage in a fight must keep their helmets and chinstraps on.
The new rule comes into effect on Thursday.
"If a player should remove his helmet or undo his chinstrap prior to or during an altercation, such player shall receive a game misconduct in addition to any other penalties assessed and an automatic one-game suspension," Branch said in a release.
"If a player should remove his helmet or undo his chinstrap prior to entering into an altercation, and his opponent does not remove his helmet, the player removing his helmet shall receive a two-minute minor penalty, a game misconduct penalty in addition to any other penalties assessed and an automatic one-game suspension."
As well, the new rule states if a player removes his opponent's helmet or chinstrap prior to a fight, he will be handed a game misconduct and a one-game suspension.
OHL linesmen have also been told to step in immediately during a fight if either player's helmet becomes dislodged.
The helmet issue has been a hot topic after Don Sanderson, a senior league player in Whitby, Ont., fell to the ice during a fight and later died from head injuries.
Windsor Spitfires defenceman Adam Wallace, who leads the OHL in fighting majors with 14, is not happy with the decision.
"I don't like it all," he said. "I think it's going to be more dangerous putting that rule in there. One of us could break a hand and as soon as the bucket comes off the linesmen are going to jump right in and it's going to be dangerous for them too.
"Guys are used to standing there going toe to toe and until someone falls down and suddenly linesmen are jumping in. All around, I don't think it's a very good rule."
Richard Greenop, a Spitfires forward who has had nine fights this season and ranks eighth in the OHL in penalty minutes, was more blunt.
"It's absolutely ridiculous," he said. "The league's jumped too soon. This is supposed to be a league that develops you for the next level, if they're not setting rules like that, why should we?"
Spitfires general manager Warren Rychel, who made his living in the NHL as a gritty forward willing to drop the gloves, understands the OHL had to be proactive on the issue.
However, he's not quite as sure how the rule change will play out.
"The GMs were not included in this decision," Rychel said. "I'm sure the OHL executive council really thought of the insurance liabilities if something did go wrong. They're looking out for everyone's best interest."
The Western Hockey League, meanwhile, is expected to consider following the OHL's lead — but not until the off-season.
"Our position is we don't review these (things) in mid-season," WHL commissioner Ron Robison said Wednesday. "We have a process we go through with respect to rules and regulations. We're going to take into account what Ontario has instituted, much in the same manner as we're looking at the rules with respect to fighting that Quebec has instituted. We'll do that as part of our annual process in preparation for a recommendation at our June meeting and subsequently for implementation for the '09-10 season."
The OHL rule change comes on the heels of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League's recent crackdown on "unnecessary violence" this season.
Although the league stopped short of banning fights, players are now subject to severe automatic penalties for instigating an altercation (up to 15 games), fighting twice in the same stoppage (five games), fighting in the pre-game warm-up (10 games) and fighting a goaltender (five games). As well, goaltenders that are aggressors in fights will now face automatic 10-game suspensions. The league can also hand out fines ranging from $500 to $5,000 for coaches who play a role — either directly or indirectly — in altercations.
The QMJHL employed those sanctions after a highly publicized brawl last March involving Quebec Remparts goalie Jonathan Roy, the son of Remparts head coach and Hall of Fame goalie Patrick Roy.
"I think the whole area of fighting needs to be studied," added Robison. "Our view is their needs to be more consultation between the three leagues and the Canadian Hockey League and also the National Hockey League. As partners we need to make sure we're all looking at these issues and studying them very carefully and not taking individual positions. We need to gather more information and make sue that if we do move in that direction that everybody is going to support it."
— With files from the Windsor Star and the Regina Leader-Post


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We're a month into 2013 and it's good to be reminded of the hopeful attitude we had as the calendar turned from 2012 to 2013 that the new year would be brimming with possibilities. Sometimes I think it would be helpful to know the details of what's ahead, but that is not what happens. Perhaps God doesn't reveal the future to us so that we'll trust Him. Since only He knows the future, we have to rely on Him.
Thankfully, He encourages us in Jeremiah 29:11-14. "For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. Then you will call upon me and come and pray to me, and I will listen to you. You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart."
God has lovingly given you another year. It's beautifully wrapped with a big red bow, just waiting for you to open it and explore the exciting possibilities coming up on the horizon. Look for the little things in life that are special gifts from Him, too. That can help us to be grateful no matter what comes our way. And encourage others along the way. By doing so, we're also encouraged!
'Let us hold unswervingly to the hope we profess, for he who promised is faithful. And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds, not giving up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but encouraging one another—and all the more as you see the Day approaching." – Hebrews 10:23-25 NIV
Bountiful blessings!


text:
Le vie dello Spirito
Hardcover, 433 Pages
Price: $35.93
Prints in 3-5 business days
La via eroica implica innanzi tutto il sacrificare se stesso alla propria famiglia, o ai propri cari, o al proprio paese. Specialmente in passato era comune affrontare pericoli e persino dare la propria vita per il proprio Paese. Altri dedicano sé stessi ad una causa ad un ideale, altri ancora all'umanità intera. Nei vari campi, vi sono stati eroi inclusi i santi nel campo religioso, ed i grandi umanitari nel campo sociale.
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Product Details
- Copyright
- chakra.ch (Standard Copyright License)
- Edition
- seconda edizione corretta
- Publisher
- Massimo Grandi
- Published
- March 15, 2011
- Language
- Italian
- Pages
- 433
- Binding
- Hardcover (casewrap)
- Interior Ink
- Black & white
- Weight
- 1.44 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 6 wide x 9 tall
- Product ID
- 15146129
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Woolworth Building Gives Peeks at Its Historic Lobby
Restricted Space in Century-Old Skyscraper Reopens to Limited Tours
For years, enjoyment of the detailed mosaic ceilings and intricately sculpted figures of the Woolworth Building's lobby has been restricted to its office workers and their guests. But now, 100 years after it opened, the public can view the lobby once again in small tour groups organized by the great-granddaughter of the building's architect, Cass Gilbert.
Helen Post Curry, the owner of a Connecticut design-and-event management firm called Look, helped organize events to celebrate the actual centennial of the building in April....


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March 10, 2016Click here to download PDF
For Immediate Release: March10, 2016
Media Contact: Sally Cohen, 585-749-1795, firstname.lastname@example.com
RPO Info: rpo.org, facebook.com/RochesterPhilharmonic, twitter.com/RochesterPhil, rochesterphilharmonic.blogspot.com, instagram.com/rochesterphilharmonic
One-night-only Special Concert with Jim Brickman April 30
Free Around-the-Town Concerts feature ROCmusic
PLUS: Stare Conducts Mozart 40 Sunday Matinee
Rochester, NY – The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO) kicks off an exciting April with the Rochester debut of international phenomenon, Yuja Wang,on Thursday, April 14 at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday, April 16 at 8 p.m. in Kodak Hall at Eastman Theatre. The 29-year-old pianist is widely recognized as one of the most important artists of her generation, and has performed with many of the world's most prestigious orchestras, conductors and musicians. Regularly lauded for her controlled, prodigious technique, Wang has been praised for her authority over the most complex technical demands of the repertoire, the depth of her musical insight, as well as her fresh interpretations and charismatic stage presence. Wang will play a different Bartók piece here each night: Piano Concerto No. 1 on Thursday the 14th, and Piano Concerto No. 3 on Saturday the 16th. Music Director Ward Stare will conduct Yuja Wang, which will also include Saint-Saëns' "Danse Bacchanale" from Samson and Delilah, and Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances.
Stare will also conduct his second Sunday Matinee of the season at Hochstein Performance Hall on Sunday, April 24 at 2 p.m. Stare Conducts Mozart 40 includes Schubert's Symphony No. 5 and Prokofiev's famous Symphony No. 1, "Classical" in addition to Mozart's beloved 40th Symphony. Tickets are $25. This concert is made possible in part by The Mozart Performance Fund: Sarah D. Atkinson, M.D. and Steven Hess.
Dances Around the World is the title of his year's annual spring RPO Around-the-Town Concert Series. All three concerts are sponsored by the City of Rochester and are free and open to the public:
- Tuesday, April 26 at Gantt Recreation Center (700 North Street)
- Wednesday, April 27 at Franklin High School (950 Norton Street)
- Thursday, April 28 at Edgerton Recreation Center (41 Backus Street)
All concerts take place at 7:30 p.m. and will feature ROCcmusic, a program (with which the RPO partners) that offers free, after-school classical music instruction and instrument lessons to students in grades 1- 12 who reside in the City of Rochester. Guest conducted by Boon Hua Lien, the program will feature different styles of dance music.
Closing out April for the RPO will be Jim Brickman, a one-night-only Special Concert on Saturday, April 30 at 8 p.m. in Kodak Hall at Eastman Theatre. Led by guest conductor Matthew Kraemer, crowd-pleasing pianist Jim Brickman's RPO debut will take the audience on a musical journey that includes electric violinist Tracy Silverman, vocalist Anne Cochran, and his own engaging wit. Since the release of his debut album, No Words, in 1994, Brickman's romantic piano sound has made him the best-selling solo piano artist of our time. Known for chart-toppers including "Valentine," "The Gift," "Love of My Life," "Simple Things" and "Peace," he's also filmed four specials for PBS and won numerous awards including two Grammy nominations. Throughout his long career, Brickman has shared his artistry with luminaries such as Kenny Loggins, Carly Simon, Herb Alpert, Michael Bolton, Donny Osmond, saxophonist Dave Koz, Olivia Newton-John, and Canadian country singer Michelle Wright. A special Jim Brickman post-concert meet-and-greet ticket for $100 is available by calling the box office at (585) 454-2100. This concert is sponsored by Rochester Regional Health.
TICKETS for the above concerts, except where noted, start at $22, and may be purchased in person at the Eastman Theatre Box Office (433 East Main St.) and at all Wegmans That's T.H.E. Ticket! locations, by phone at (585) 454-2100, or online at rpo.org. Available student ticket prices can be found at RPO Student Tickets.
The RPO's 93rd season is presented by Dawn and Jacques Lipson. The 2015/16 Philharmonics Series is sponsored by M&T Bank; the 2015/16Pops Series is sponsored by Canandaigua National Bank & Trust and Lightower Networks. RPO performances are also made possible by the New York State Council on the Arts, with the support of Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State Legislature. Additional sponsors include Monroe County; the City of Rochester; the Alfred Davis and Brunhilde Knapp Artists Performance Fund; City Newspaper; Kids Out and About.com; WARM 101.3; and the Katherine T. and Jon L. Schumacher Orchestra Musician Soloist Fund.
The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO) has been committed to enriching and inspiring our community through the art of music since its founding in 1922. The RPO presents approximately 160 concerts and broadcasts a year, serving up to 170,000 people through ticketed events, education and community engagement activities, and concerts in schools and community centers throughout the region. Recently appointed 12th Music Director Ward Stare joins the ranks of former notable RPO music directors, including Eugene Goossens, José Iturbi, Erich Leinsdorf, David Zinman and Conductor Laureate Christopher Seaman. Principal Pops Conductor Jeff Tyzik has earned a national reputation for excellence in pops programming during his 22-year tenure with the RPO. With Michael Butterman as Principal Conductor for Education and Community Engagement (The Louise and Henry Epstein Family Chair) – the first endowed position of its kind in the country – the RPO reaches more than 12,000 children through its specific programs for school-aged children.
Media please note: High-resolution images are available, and interviews and photo/footage opportunities can be arranged.
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Our ranges are continually being updated to reflect the current style and shade trends that you the discerning consumer demands. Browse and buy in confidence with SHIRTNLY.com in the full knowledge that all our products and our on-line store is fully backed by our highly successful retail business (Laurie Hopkins Menswear, Huddersfield).