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What Has WOTC Learned from the D&D Next Public Playtest?
In the latest edition of Legends & Lore, Mike Mearls talks about what WOTC learned from the public playtest of D&D Next. Here's what Mearls said:
So, what did we learn from the public playtest? In some cases you confirmed things, in others you dispelled some notions that had become lodged in R&D's view of you.
- You like simplicity. You want to jump into the game quickly, create characters, monsters, NPCs, and adventures with a minimum of fuss, and get down to the business of playing D&D.
- You like that every class has the potential to contribute in most situations, but you're OK with some classes being better at certain things if that fits the class's image. You see balance on a larger, adventure-based or campaign-based scale.
- You want rules that make it easy to build adventures and encounters. You want to think about the story or your setting's details, rather than fiddle with math.
- You value flexibility in rules. You prefer an ability or a rule that's easy to adapt or that leaves space for creative applications, rather than rigidly defined abilities.
- You aren't edition warriors. You want the game to support a variety play styles in equal measure. You're not attached to any specific ways of doing things as long as the game works.
There's already a lot of howling from 4e and some 3.x fans over these items -- as many of them are a fairly strong rejection of some of the key features of the editions of D&D which WOTC has developed. Specifically, "you like simplicity" and "you prefer an ability or a rule that's easy to adapt or that leaves space for creative applications, rather than rigidly defined abilities" are pretty much the opposite of what D&D has been under the stewardship of WOTC. Both 3.x and 4e were very complex games that required a lot of upfront work from both players and GMs before play (and before each game for the GM). Both 3.x and 4e were all about long lists of very specific abilities and powers. Seeing balance on a larger than an encounter scale very different from late 3.x and 4e where everything seemed to be designed around carefully-balanced almost set-piece combat encounters.
Finally, wanting the game to support a wide variety of different play styles is a fairly strong rejection of both 4e and the silly GNS game theory it was apparently designed around (which states that a game should be laser-focused on one specific style). Why such laser-focused games may be great for games with a narrow focus (like many of the indie games that are designed around the GNS theory), such a narrow, focused on one or two styles of play, system is a very poor choice for a game that has traditionally supported many, very different styles of play. 4e was a huge success with those D&D players who wanted D&D to revolve long, balanced, detailed tactical grid-based combats loved D&D 4e and generally thought it was the best version of D&D ever. Unfortunately, large numbers of the millions of people who have played D&D over the last almost 40 years were not really strongly interested in that very specific style of play and discovered quickly that 4e did not really support other styles of play very well -- and many were not willing to change to a style of play they did not enjoy that much just to play the current edition of D&D.
I still doubt that I will switch my games to D&D Next when it finally comes out. However, from what I've seen of the playtest, it looks like it will be close enough to the type of D&D I like that I will be able to buy and use D&D Next adventures and settings and use them in my TSR era D&D campaigns without a lot of conversion effort. This is something that I haven't been able to do with WOTC D&D before.
Microlite81 Update: Microlite81 Extended version 0.25 is currently available to donors in the usual area. Microlite81 1.30 should be available to donors later in the week (or early next week) -- leading up to the Microlite81 Public Playtest 2.0 release which is now planned for early September. Donors can download Microlite81 Extended version 0.25 here from Mediafire (with the usual donor password).
The third Sponsor Microlite81 (and Lords & Wizards) Mini-Drive for RetroRoleplaying Cancer Fund is running now. The goal is $500 with the following giveaway items: First Fantasy Campaign (1st Printing), Judge Guild Character Chronicle Cards, Basic Boxed Set (complete including original dice), Expert Boxed Set (complete including original dice), Journey to the Center of the Circle (from Wilmark Dynasty), and The Vampyre's Mirror (also from Wilmark Dynasty). Each $10 donated gives you one chance at one of these items. The top three donors will have a separate drawing for a set of 1st printings of the original three TSR adventure modules (The Giants series as three separate modules: G1, G2, and G3) This is in addition to the usual PDF downloads and other benefits of a donation to the RetroRoleplaying Cancer Fund and sponsorship listings in the upcoming Microlite81 and Lords & Wizards games. To get help us pay our cancer treatment related bills (and to get access to some special downloads and a chance at the above-mentioned items), send a donation in any amount -- small or large -- to me via Paypal. Thank you!
As of 19 August 2013, $269 has been donated in this mini-drive, an additional $231 in donations is needed to trigger the drawings for the items mentioned above.
Rachel Ghoul
August 19, 2013 at 3:49 PM
I have to admit I'm concerned about the notion of "campaign-level balance"-- which sounds to me like code for "wizards are one-trick ponies that die in one hit at low levels, until they become completely dominant in the end game, and fighters remain one-trick ponies that die in slightly more hits." I think there's a better solution than that.
Rachel Ghoul
August 19, 2013 at 3:53 PM
On the other hand "adventure-scale" balance sounds perfectly cromulent and probably more doable in a traditional D&D format than encounter-based balance ever could have been.
August 19, 2013 at 4:04 PM
Rachel: I have no problem with class balance over the campaign instead of all the time. Of course, "balance" in the more modern sense of the term just is not very important to me.
Ynas Midgard
August 19, 2013 at 4:09 PM
"wanting the game to support a wide variety of different play styles is a fairly strong rejection of both 4e and the silly GNS game theory"
Is it? Although I am fairly critical to the GNS theory, the modes of play it describes actually require different systemic approaches. To rephrase it, one can change the trappings of pseudo-medieval Europe to virtually anything, D&D will still be about looting and killing; it is the system that needs to be adapted to create a new type of game experience.
Rachel Ghoul
August 19, 2013 at 9:02 PM
Randall: For sure, I just think the planned obsolescence of martial characters is not balance.
Michael Julius
August 19, 2013 at 10:07 PM
Excuse me if it's obvious, but what is 'GNS Theory'?
Rachel Ghoul
August 20, 2013 at 1:09 AM
Gamist-Narrativist-Simulationist. Supposedly all RPGs can be classified along an arc between those three categories, except it's a lot more complicated and stupid than that.
August 20, 2013 at 7:50 AM
Rachel: I've been playing TSR-style D&D for ages now and martial characters have never become obsolete at higher levels in my games. They have great saves, high hit points, and by high levels usually have some great magic items (not to mention strongholds and armies). Most high level enemy mages in my games are killed by fighters, not by other mages.
Yes, if you play 3.x and don't put most of the restrictions on spells and casting from TSR D&D back on casters, they are too powerful at higher levels, but that's really a problem specific to 3.x. And really only specific to 3.x RAW. If you house-rule TSR-era casting restrictions back in the problem lessens considerably. Just getting rid of "concentration" so spell interruption works more like it did in TSR D&D can do wonders. Fixing magic saves so that they do not get harder as the caster's level increases does even more wonders. Changing troublesome spells like Rope Trick and teleport so they have TSR-era restrictions does even more.
Rachel Ghoul
August 20, 2013 at 8:07 AM
Randall: You're quite right, but I don't think they're likely to do any of those very smart and obvious things.
Ynas Midgard
August 20, 2013 at 7:07 PM
@ Rachel
Actually, the theory categorises the choices players make, not entire games.
cf. "Used properly, the terms apply only to decisions, not to whole persons nor to whole games." (http://www.indie-rpgs.com/articles/3/)
Rachel Ghoul
August 21, 2013 at 6:06 AM
Ynas: You're right, my bad.


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First South Bancorp, Inc. Declares Quarterly Cash Dividend
Jan 24, 2014, 10:00 EST
WASHINGTON, N.C., Jan. 24, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- First South Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: FSBK) (the "Company"), the parent holding company of First South Bank (the "Bank"), reports that on January 23, 2014 the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.025 per share, payable February 14, 2014 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 4, 2014.
Bruce Elder, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, stated, "The Board of Directors is pleased to announce the reinstatement of a quarterly cash dividend. The reinstatement of a dividend reflects the strong capital position of the Company, sound and improved financial performance and our desire to provide additional value to our shareholders."
First South Bank has been serving the citizens of eastern and central North Carolina since 1902 and offers a variety of financial products and services, including a leasing company. Securities brokerage services are made available through an affiliation with an independent broker/dealer. The Bank operates through its main office headquartered in Washington, North Carolina, and has 26 full service branch offices located throughout eastern and central North Carolina.
First South Bancorp, Inc. may be accessed on its website at www.firstsouthnc.com. The Company's common stock symbol as traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market is "FSBK".
Statements contained in this release, which are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors which include, but are not limited to, factors discussed in documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time.
For More Information Contact:
Bruce Elder (CEO) (252) 940-4936
Scott McLean (CF0) (252) 940-5016
Website: www.firstsouthnc.com
SOURCE First South Bancorp, Inc.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two weeks ago I got three quarters through writing blog entry about how my perceptions of the weather and reality are different. In this case I was writing about how warmth and more daylight don't correspond and what that might me for mean in my practice. I have to put some of that writing a side as no longer relevant to the season or to my mind set. But the were a few kernels I still thought were pertinent to my practice and perhaps others.
I am not a farmer. I'm not dependent on the state of the land, the weather, or my crops for life. While I am effected as we are all effected by food shortage and drought it will never be the way our ancient ancestors were. I personally will probably never be living of the land in any way that resembles the farmers or trappers of ancient times, where so much of our faith's inspiration is pulled. Those mysteries are closed to me, are always going to be closed. I get a lot from the land. I forage (or wild craft or whatever we're calling it). I feel called to the land and moved by it. My heart is utterly pagan and multiple with depths of varying measures and traditions of both long lineage and dubious new beginnings.
I've known I'm not a farmer and still I've longed for lost knowledge. Perhaps it was my inner bookworm or the selfish greedy bit of me. I used to think it was just my thirst for knowledge, even as a little kid, I was creating binders and one stop all information shops. I loved books and the kind of abstract power they could give you. Now I've begun to see that part of me, hoarding and demanding all the power as something within me that may be slightly malicious. Sure, Know It All was always willing share but she didn't just want to know some stuff of value, she wanted to know it all, to be the source, and for others to have to come to her to know it all, to be grateful. It's a little sick. Sometimes I see Know It All's stamp on a blog post and wonder if I am truly informing/trying to start a conversation or trying to be an authority. It's hard to let go of that want and even harder to recognize it driving me in ways that people would otherwise say are good but to know the ends have a big Ego Goal waiting.
Funny how its this aspect of me that I dote so much self love and value on that the Gods have never shown much affinity for. There was a point where Their dismissive nature regarding this aspect of me hurt. I was too vested in being/gaining/growing authority through knowledge and grabbing at what I could to have it. I couldn't see what was wrong about knowing, about being able to consider all the angles, about having a deep through passionate understanding of all aspects of the Gods' traditions, desires, wants and needs.
They told me, it wouldn't have meaning. I could know it and really never understand it. I've never be able to use it or express it. Knowing these mysteries lost in part in time but more so in life style shift which the mysteries did not grow would be worthless to me and to others like me. They kept insisting this was Knowledge I was not to have, that at best it would be meaningless and at worst it would drive me mad. Since I thought not knowing was driving me mad, I was able to pretty well ignore Their underestimation of me. Besides, I've lived without gods, surely I can gain a little information without Their approval? Doesn't there have to be some text that hints to the path to gain mystery x or can't I splice enough information together to spontaneously create the path to mystery y? It had to be possible and attaining it could only be a good thing.
I'm several years into creating my own personal calendar based on the Wheel of the year as it applies to me locally and am beginning to integrate Roman, Greek, and Etruscan holidays and themes where I can. Just as it was clear to me that a British seasonal calendar would not fit a southern location seasonally and I'd have to alter things, I can see how the Mediterranean weather is not 100% a match plus I can see how socially, politically, ethically I am not where these ancient people were and I don't necessarily plan to return to their state. Still their religion was a living breathing shawl wrapping up their realities. It's not something easily or entirely able to be separated from their lives and as such some changes are inevitable. I've come up with hundreds of uses and alternative rituals and thoughts on when celebrating x or y holiday would be appropriate and when it would not. I can feel the little pings of approval when I grab an applicable droplet, and when I can sift the gold from the silt. It has never silenced the part of self that thought we/I could resurrect and modernize these faiths in a way that we'd all know what Right.
This revelation about how I still have trouble discerning aspects of time and weather has made it clear to me just how different an era I live in. That I can argue the semantics of daylight vs warmer weather and assign value and meaning to each that is mostly personal and very little based on survival is too far removed from the lives of some of my source material. They knew and experienced things I won't be able to touch, and likewise I know the divine in a way they could not. Our ways are just too different. Our Gods might be the same and some of the feeling we get could be the same but how we knew it and what we needed to know is just different.
While I'll still study, research, and reflect. There are just things I'll never know and for once that thought isn't driving me face first into the books. It's a perfect Imbolic present.


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This section contains 1,100 words
(approx. 3 pages at 400 words per page)
Part 3: The Crucible, pages 159 - 202. Summary
When Nadia's expedition returns, she realizes how badly Underhill has damaged the surface of Mars. Underhill is beginning to fall apart, with Maya and Frank not speaking, John and Frank fighting, and several other relationships are on the rocks. Nadia feels alone again, but Arkady returns from Phobos, and Nadia is relieved. At a dinner, Arkady admits he and his crew wish to come down from Phobos, and run the space station by robot, since they are tired of no gravity. Later, Arkady admits the colony is progressing as he dreamed, with no real leaders and community conversations, but Nadia reminds him those conversations often turn to arguments. The two hold hands, and Nadia finds herself warm and happy with Arkady near her. However, others find new arguments with him constantly questioning their reasons, and...
(read more from the Part 3: The Crucible, pages 159 - 202. Summary)
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Color Thurgood Marshall!
Yep, you heard right. Color in a picture of first African-American supreme court judge Thurgood Marshall. In his long law career, Thurgood Marshall presided over many important cases, including Shelley v. Kraemer, Smith v. Allwright, and the famous Brown v. Board of Education.
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10th July 2012
|PAK KADING - a typical town along the route
A decision to make. Our original plan included another 2 days of cycling in Laos. Today it should be a leisurely ride of about 50kms to Ban Loi where we would overnight. Tomorrow would be a 120kms to Thakek, from where we would cross over into Thailand.
We discussed the option of exiting into Thailand today, and continue the cycling in Thailand. The monotonous landscape we had cycled through for the last 2 days was the main reason. To exit Thailand today would mean a total ride distance of 170kms. This is not the "light and easy" option of our tour. The obvious option is to transport ourselves in a tuk-tuk to Thakek.
|first part of the journey by tuk-tuk to Ban Loi
Surprisingly, it took us quite a while to get a tuk-tuk. In the early hours, there were not many plying the route. When one finally came, we flagged it and mentioned "Thakek" (our destination) to the drive. He shook his head. I understood it as he was not going that far. We waited for about an hour before we saw another tuk-tuk. This time I mentioned "Ban Loi" and he nodded his head.
So up went the bikes on top of the tuk-tuk. In we went into the tuk-tuk. We sat ourselves amongst the passengers. Several gunny sacks of agricultural produce were piled on the floor. Lucky there were no live animals on board. We smiled at the passengers. They smiled back at these two characters.
Some stretches of the journey was dusty. The road was under repair. We would have been covered in dust if we had cycled through. Guessed we missed this excitement!
Surprisingly too, the stretch to Ban Loi was quite scenic. There were limestone hills that changed the landscape character. It would have been a pleasant change than the last two days. But how were we to know!
There would have been some hills to climb and some downhills to descend, offering some hard pedalling uphill and gentle cruising downhill rewards. On a tuk-tuk we just watched the hills disappear.
|Mountain range in the distance and so little traffic.
|roof-top transfer of bikes to another tuk-tuk
|Second part of journey : Ban Loi - Thakek
Our initial plan was to stop in Thakek and visit a cave with an underground river. This was suggested to us at the Tourist Information Centre in Vientiane. About 20kms before reaching Thakek, the passengers pointed to us the Friendship Bridge that crosses into Thailand.
This border crossing was so alluring that we forgot about the river in the cave. As the tuk-tuk rumbled on, we need to make a quick decision. The passengers were showing 2 fingers meaning 20 kms to Thakek, meaning we have to backtrack if we did not make a quick decision. One of the passengers quickly shouted to the driver to stop. As we paid him for the service, he was uttering something in Lao. I guessed he was saying that we should have told him about our destination earlier. Now we overshot by about 2kms. Having journeyed relatively comfortably in a tuk-tuk, 2kms is absolute nothing.
|3rd part of the journey. We cycled this portion. Note the border crossing across the Mekong river
From where we alighted from the tuk-tuk, we rode about 5 kms to the border. The Immigration building at the border crossing was rather new and impressive. This border crossing was opened in late 2011 and I made this discovery from the internet. Hence the plan to exit through here.
|Good bye! Khailani looking back at Laos.
|A quick pose on the Laos side
We hoped that in Nakhon Phanom, our destination in Thailand today would have a bike shop that carried the 700c tube size for Khailani.
The Immigration check-out on the Laos side was smooth. We also had nothing to declare to the Customs. What could we possibly carry or hide on a bicycle - certainly not elephant tasks!
We crossed the Mekong on the Friendship Bridge and at the middle span, took some shots on the bridge.
|On the Friendship bridge
|"as strong as an elephant"
As we rode into town, we saw flags of all the Asean countries lining the road dividers. It showed 2013. Probably a gathering of the Governments of Asean in 2013.
|Malaysia my country
Because of the change of plan, we now have excess Laos currency and very little Thai Baht. Unfortunately for us, Laos currency can only be exchanged at the Bangkok Bank. No other banks accept Laos currency. Forget the money changer. Looking for the Bangkok Bank in this town was another matter. While doing so, we came across a bike shop. Khailani got his spare tube and that was quite a relief.
|Nakhon Phanom
|View from the Hotel room. Thakek town in Laos across the Mekong


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As the sports media industry stews over ESPN's mass layoffs, some believe its the leading edge of the coming "sports bubble."
After news broke this week that cable sports network ESPN was firing 100 writers, reporters, and some on-air staffers, nearly everyone in sports media had a take on why it happened. But, could ESPN's firings be just the start of a growing problem for the entire industry as the "sports bubble" begins to burst across the world of sports broadcasting?
The whole idea of a coming sports bubble was raised by TV answer man Phillip Swann, who writes on current trends in TV. Swann insists that ESPN may not be the only network to experience significant restructuring due to financial losses.
In his analysis, Swann notes that much of the trouble at ESPN is the "cord cutting" indulged by former customers, because subscribing to sports channels has become prohibitively expensive for the average person.
About five years ago, Swann noted, cable carriers began to cut their once-automatic habit of including multiple sports channels in cable packages. It started because "the channels began raising their fees to unprecedented levels to offset the huge contracts they signed for the rights to broadcast the games," he said.
"Pay TV operators concluded that the escalating fees would soon dent their profit lines and they began to say no," Swann wrote. "Compounding the pressure on the pay TV ops was the need to raise subscriber fees to make up for the higher carriage costs. Customers started to howl over the annual bill hikes, and that led to talk that they would drop their pay TV service, a practice known as cord-cutting."
Swann went on to give more examples of cable providers backing away from the ever-increasing costs of sports packages on cable, and added that this bubble could eventually affect every sports channel.
"Pay TV operators can't afford to keep raising their monthly subscriber fees, and the only way they can stop doing it is stop paying excessive carriage fees," he wrote.
"And eventually," Swann concluded, "as sports channels are forced to reduce their internal spending, they will also be forced to reduce their spending on the rights to air games and that will eventually force the leagues and teams to tighten their belts."
But, if this trend in sports TV broadcasting continues, the financial strain won't just be relegated to sports broadcasters. This bubble could very well spread and burst across cities that spend — and some contend waste — tax dollars on stadiums. These costs could even cascade to the unseemly amount of money teams already charge at ballpark gates.
Once cable sports networks start folding because no one wants to pay their higher rates, the huge dollars they pay for broadcast rights will cease rolling into league pockets. This will cause the leagues to scramble to replace that lost revenue, and it will mean that prices will be raised for tickets that are already out of reach for the average fan. Worse, leagues will also likely begin ramping up their demands that local taxpayers pick up more and more of their expenses.
This will likely cause a downward spiral in professional sports. Eventually, the increasing ticket prices will keep fans at home, and with fewer people attending games local politicians will find it harder to excuse handing tax dollars to billionaire team owners. After all, claims of the so-called benefits of increased visitors to the areas where stadiums sit will become increasingly erroneous when fewer people are seen attending games. So, politicians will have no excuse to so readily hand out tax dollars like they do today.
It is quite possible that in the years to come players will see their multi-million dollar salaries falling, teams will find fewer fans in the stands, cable TV will see fewer sports channels in existence, and the billions of dollars that currently flow throughout professional sports will dwindle. It is quite conceivable that the gravy train is just about ready to come to an end.
Make no mistake, this will also eventually impact college sports, too.
Ultimately it may cause a renaissance in sports. And maybe, just maybe, we will finally get back to playing sports for the love of the game instead of for the money.
Follow Warner Todd Huston on Twitter @warnerthuston or email the author at email@example.com.


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Event Registration for Calgary Lunch N Learn - Sept 11, 2018
The Kahanoff Conference Centre - Calgary
Tuesday September 11, 2018
Registration process:
Use a combination of Search Options to find advanced financial planners in your area, or with the specializations and qualifications you need. Find specific R.F.P.s (Registered Financial Planners) by name, other designation, method of compensation, or postal code.
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Nikki Reed: My Husband Paul McDonald is Home For A Few Days!
Nikki Reed is in tip-top shape while stepping out after a workout at Tracy Anderson Studios on Thursday (February 27) in Studio City, Calif.
"Nice to have this guy home for a few days…" the 25-year-old actress wrote on Twitter about her husband Paul McDonald, who has been busy working on new music.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Nikki Reed
Earlier in the week, Nikki showed off her toned arms while heading to the gym.
FYI: Nikki is wearing an Under Armour top and pants with a pair of TOMS sunglasses.
10+ pictures inside of Nikki Reed staying fit at the Tracy Anderson Studios…


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Holiday Artisan Market
November 18, 2016 @ 5:00 pm - 7:30 pm
An event every week that begins at 5:00pm on Friday, repeating until December 30, 2016
Please join us for the opening reception of our annual Holiday Artisan Market, Friday, November 18th, 5-7pm.
Holiday Artisan Market showcases unique holiday gift items and handmade crafts.
This exhibit & sale continues through December 30, 2016. The art center is open daily. Please visit our website, TubacArts.org for hours.


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The growing Aerospace and Defence industry has provided a major boost to the Global Military Communication Systems Market as more people are shifting their preferences to compact and lightweight Military Communication Systems carrying options. The Market is expected to keep rising at a high CAGR and reach values of high millions by the end of the forecast period of 2017 up to 2022. The Global Military Communication Systems Market report covers every aspect of the Market including statistics and key insights for the customers.
In this report, the global Military Communication Systems market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.
Request a Free sample PDF of this research to evaluate more: www.marketstudyreport.com/request-…tm_source=WTEC-AN
Global Military Communication Systems Market Research Report 2017 estimates the drivers, restraints, and opportunities pertaining to the global Military Communication Systems market over the timeframe of 2017-2022. Delivering the key insights pertaining to this industry, the report provides an in-depth analysis of the latest trends, present and future business scenario, market size and share, and commercialization potential of the Military Communication Systems industry over the coming five years.
The industry is analyzed in terms of products, applications, regions, and the key manufacturers holding a prominent share of the global revenue.
In terms of end-user or applications, the report is segmented into Underwater Communication, Airborne, Air-Ground. A detailed analysis of the contribution of these application Segments to the overall market revenue and volume has been included in the report.
The product landscape of the Military Communication Systems Market Security System, Military Satcom, Radio System. The report further details the market share to be procured by each of these products over the coming years.
Access Report: www.marketstudyreport.com/check-for-discount/177457/
The regional segmentation of the report includes North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and India. Detailing the consumption and production rate of Military Communication Systems in these regions, the report outlines the growth curve of this industry in terms of market volume and share over 2017-2022.
The competitive landscape of the Military Communication Systems market profiles the top players participating in the global business space. These are Aselsan, Karel Electronics, Reutech, INVISIO, Racal.
The report also details the market positioning, strategies, and revenue procured by each of these manufacturers.
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Tell your doctor or healthcare professional if your symptoms do not start to get better or if they get worse.
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Side Effects to watch for
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
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Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
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Each summer the Civilian Marksmanship Program sponsors a popular series of Junior Air Rifle Camps and Clinics to teach intermediate and advanced rifle marksmanship skills to junior shooters and their adult leaders. All camps are one week long, three-position air rifle camps, with the exception of the Outreach Clinics and the Advanced Standing Camp.
The dates and information for the 2015 CMP Junior Rifle Camps will be posted in January 2015.
If you have further questions about the CMP Junior Rifle Camps, please contact:


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Billboard Hot 100 Fest
David Cassidy Arrested for DUI
Former "Partridge Family" heartthrob David Cassidy has been charged with driving under the influence in Florida.
The Florida Highway Patrol says his car was stopped around 6 p.m. Wednesday for weaving and nearly causing an accident.
Cassidy told a trooper that he had a glass of wine at lunch and a hydrocodone pill at 3:30 p.m. Troopers reported finding a half-empty bottle of bourbon in the back seat.
The FHP says Cassidy failed a field sobriety test and two breath tests. Cassidy posted $350 bail and was released from jail early Thursday.
His spokeswoman, Jo-Ann Geffen, told TMZ he admits taking a pain pill and being tired from attending a funeral, but insists he was not drunk. She did not immediately return an e-mail from The Associated Press.
© 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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text: Stormy is the feirce and frizzy-haired girl of the Witches team that consists of Darcy, herself and Icy. She despises Musa She gets her power from electrical storms, and is known for her unusually frizzy hair. She can whip up storms in a flash and can make tornadoes of dark energy. Retrieved from "http://winx--club.wikia.com/wiki/Stormy?oldid=3961" Categories: Winx Club Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Trix Female Characters Add category Cancel Save


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Join City Council District 1 candidate Joe Bray-Ali for a forum dedicated to reactivating the Southwest Museum and Casa de Adobe. The Museum – the city's first! – and the Casa were founded by Charles Lummis 100 years ago. Located at the base of Mt. Washington, the institution was merged with the Autry Museum in 2003, but public hours have been curtailed and future programming is unclear.
Meet with Joe, representatives of the Steering Committee, and other community members who are guiding the process at this event organized by Highland Park Heritage Trust.
The HPHT is dedicated to the preservation of Los Angeles' Arroyo Seco communities of Highland Park, Garvanza, Mt. Washington, Hermon and Montecito Heights and Cypress Park. Consider joining the Trust!


text: New York/New Jersey Super Bowl Host Committee selects Source Communications Published on September 29, 2011. New York—The New York/New Jersey Super Bowl Host Committee (SBHC) has selected Source Communications, New York, to promote Super Bowl XLVIV to be held in 2014 at MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, N.J. Source Communications will create TV spots and print ads to introduce the committee to the New York/New Jersey metropolitan market and to thank its 22 corporate sponsors. Source Communications will also be responsible for creating a logo to be used by the host committee in all communications and collateral. The campaign budget was undisclosed. Most Popular In this article: BtoB


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EESI Update 20 - Fall 2012
November 6, 2012
Table Of Contents
Download this newsletter in PDF format
EESI Director Carol Werner's Outlook for Climate Action Post Elections
With the elections now behind us, both parties are expressing interest in working together. Bipartisanship is sorely needed to address the key fiscal, energy and environmental issues confronting our country today – including climate change.
Clean energy and climate change got short shrift during the 2012 elections. Both candidates emphasized increased domestic oil and gas production, but spoke little of the enormous potential and gains of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. Climate change had become a highly-charged partisan issue, with the overwhelming scientific consensus often being brushed aside. For the first time since 1984, climate change didn't surface in any of the three presidential debate cycles.
This must change. Mitigating and adapting to climate change will only become more expensive as time goes by. In any case, a cleaner environment – and more secure, healthier, and sustainable energy supplies – are in everyone's interest.
Climate change did make a late entry into the presidential campaign as the October surprise, when Hurricane Sandy battered the East Coast, causing widespread devastation and a record storm surge in New York City. Stretching to 580 miles – twice the size of Texas – Sandy was the strongest Atlantic storm ever recorded north of Cape Hatteras, and left a record 8.5 million Americans without power. Many Caribbean islands were also hard hit, with 54 dead in Haiti alone. Climate scientists are nearly unanimous in saying that such "superstorms" have been made more likely by warming temperatures. Governor Cuomo and New York City Mayor Bloomberg have called for action: Sandy is a wake-up call.
So is the drought that continues to afflict large swathes of the Midwest. In our last Update, I commented on Washington's beautiful but unusually warm spring. But soon thereafter, that beautiful spring turned into a historic, torrid heat wave and drought across more than half of the country, a drought that still persists across the Plains. From the long, intense wildfire season across the West, to the depleted grazing lands in Texas, to the crop failures across the Midwest, the human, economic, and environmental costs are extensive and mounting. Again, scientists are finding evidence that climate change is a key driving factor in this drought, and that we are likely to see more extreme weather like this in the future. In July, when I returned to Iowa for a family reunion, the drought was in full force; the previous July, thousands of acres of crops were lost to extreme flooding that lasted for months.
What can we do about it? Over the past several months, EESI has explored and proposed a wide range of policy solutions, including:
- Preserve and strengthen energy and conservation programs in a new Farm Bill during the "lame duck" session. EESI is working with broad-based coalitions to promote a sensible five-year Farm Bill that would continue to invest in essential bioenergy and other renewable energy programs initiated in the 2002 and 2008 farm bills.
- Provide transportation planners and local officials better access to information and tools to integrate climate change impacts into their decision-making (see Climate Adaptation & Transportation: Identifying Information and Assistance Needs, the joint EESI and Center for Clean Air Policy report released in May). Superstorm Sandy has made this urgent: recovery dollars should be leveraged with adaptation knowledge to rebuild transportation systems that are stronger and more cost-effective.
- Reduce the dependence of the U.S. military, the largest institutional energy consumer in the United States, on fossil fuels – especially climate-polluting petroleum. EESI has helped advance this idea through our Congressional briefings, and through networking, research, analysis, and timely publications such as our weekly e-newsletter, Sustainable Bioenergy, Farms and Forests (SBFF).
- Maintain the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) to help develop and deploy more sustainable, climate-friendly, advanced biofuels. In response to serious challenges to the RFS, EESI submitted comments urging EPA to stay the course. The good news is that EPA announced very recently that the RFS would be maintained.
Of course, the government's first order of business will be dealing with the fiscal cliff. But fiscal reform can also be an opportunity to fight climate change: many are calling for a carbon tax, which would both increase revenue and reduce harmful emissions. Our new fact sheet, Carbon Pricing around the World, shows that many countries are already moving in this direction.
Thank you for all your ongoing support and commitment. In his victory speech, President Obama said "we want our children to live in an America […] that isn't threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet." Working together, we can do it!
South Carolina Energy Efficiency Pilot Releases Initial Findings
EESI is partnering with rural electric cooperatives (co-ops) in The Drummond-Henkings family
benefited from the pilot.South Carolina on an innovative residential energy efficiency pilot program. As part of their Rural Energy Savings Program, the co-ops implemented an "on-bill financing" pilot, in which loans made to co-op members for energy efficiency upgrades are repaid through their monthly electric bills. The pilot project was launched in 2011 by the Central Electric Power Cooperative, the Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina, and eight South Carolina co-ops, with technical and policy support from EESI. Marketed as the "Help My House" program, the pilot concluded its implementation phase in February with efficiency improvements made to 125 homes.
In July, the South Carolina co-ops and EESI releasedpreliminary findings and projections from the "Help My House" pilot. The results are very promising. The participating households are projected to save an average of more than $400 per year (after loan payments) by reducing their electricity use an average of 35 percent. Because the pilot emphasized a comprehensive energy retrofit approach, the program is projected to produce an average energy savings of more than 11,000 kWh/year per home. The average loan, for $7,200 over a 10-year term at 2.5 percent, has a projected simple payback of 5.8 years. The net financial benefits are expected to be immediate, particularly during energy-intensive summer and winter months.
The projected energy savings from the pilot are substantially higher than the savings achieved by many traditional rebate-based residential retrofit programs. Further, a subsequent survey revealed that 96 percent of interviewed participants indicated that they were satisfied with the program and found their homes to be more comfortable. One year of data is currently being collected on the participating homes to confirm the energy savings projections.
In related news, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced plans in July to establish an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program that would support scaled-up versions of the South Carolina pilot across the country. The program is to be managed by USDA's Rural Utility Service (RUS), which had provided a loan to support the Help My House pilot in South Carolina, the first such energy efficiency program funded by USDA. The proposed rule would authorize RUS to provide up to $250 million per year in loans to rural electric co-ops for energy efficiency improvements, including on-bill financing programs. Announcing the proposed rule, Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack stated, "This energy efficiency effort can help rural Americans reduce energy costs while simultaneously expanding business and investment opportunities in rural communities."
EESI submitted comments on the proposed rule, urging USDA to give co-ops greater flexibility when implementing on-bill financing-style programs. Greater flexibility would make the USDA loans more attractive to co-ops and increase the long-term viability of local programs. More than 100 national and local organizations signed on to EESI's comment letter, including 70 energy efficiency small businesses certified by the Building Performance Institute (BPI). EESI now awaits the final rule, expected to be published before the end of the year.
Co-Founding Board Member Jerry Decker Retires
After nearly 30 years of dedication to EESI, one of EESI's co-founding board members, Gerald Decker, is stepping down. Decker – fondly known to his friends as Jerry – celebrated his 91st birthday this October. Recognizing the need for energy conservation and sustainability, as well as the need to coordinate and work with Congress on such matters, Decker worked closely with former Representative Dick Ottinger (D-NY) and a bipartisan group of visionary members of Congress to create EESI nearly 30 years ago.
Decker's career has always revolved around the energy business, and he has been particularly keen on renewables. Indeed, he left a 38-year career at one of America's leading companies, Dow Chemical, to launch his own renewable energy company in 1982. At the time, recent regulatory changes had made it easier to build smaller-scale, biomass-fueled power plants, and Decker jumped on the occasion, founding Decker Energy International (he sold the company to Canada's Alta Gas earlier this year).
Decker explains that Decker Energy International grew out of a study ordered by former governor of Michigan, William Milliken, to examine the potential of cogeneration for electricity production (cogeneration is when a power station simultaneously generates both electricity and useful heat). Upon completing the study, Decker became a convert and sought to spread the word. He traveled to Washington, D.C., to report his findings, and this eventually led to the creation of Decker Energy International and to his role with EESI.
"Federal energy policy, Decker Energy International, EESI, they fit together like a glove," explains Decker. Indeed, he credits Carol Werner, EESI's executive director, for helping Decker Energy succeed: she set up a critical early meeting between himself and Senator John McCain's office, during which he introduced projects that led to the creation of Decker Energy International. EESI "made my career in energy" says Decker, and that's why Decker Energy was an EESI Associate – a group of donors that provide significant general support for EESI's mission – before its sale.
Decker believes that "the federal government needs to make it a high priority to conserve energy" and that EESI has been a big motivator in this field, succeeding in "getting across the need to consider the environmental aspects of power production and the need for energy conservation."
Carol Werner is quick to return the compliment, insisting that "Jerry is wonderful, he's helped EESI so much, in so many ways. Despite his retirement from our board, he will be on our Advisory Board, so we hope he'll stay involved. There's still so much to do!"
EESI stands as one of Decker's many great lifetime achievements. Yet his passion for clean energy and conservation is also exemplified by his many other career achievements. Along with former Congressman Ottinger, Decker helped lead the development of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), a key energy conservation law promoting domestic use of renewable energy and a part of the larger National Energy Act of 1978. Until 2011, he served as vice president of Midland Energy, LLC, a company focused on the development of wind power and landfill gas power plants for renewable energy. Decker has served on the Environmental Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of Energy and has worked as a consultant, advising companies on environmental improvements and conservation.
In recognition of Decker's commitment to sustainable energy, he was awarded the Secretary of Commerce's Special Medal, the National Energy Resources Organization's Distinguished Service Award (1979), and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' Service to Society Award (1979).
EESI Welcomes New Energy and Climate Policy Associate Blaise Sheridan
This July, EESI welcomed a new Energy and Climate Policy Associate, Blaise Sheridan. Blaise comes to us from Philadelphia, where he was finishing thesis work for his graduate program in renewable energy policy at the University of Delaware and serving as a fellow for Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) and as a grant manager for a Department of Energy grant looking at the transmission challenges of offshore wind.
You're originally from Tucson, Arizona. What brought you to the East Coast?
I came to the East Coast for college, as an undergraduate at Swarthmore. I wanted that small, liberal arts college experience, but I also wanted the option to study engineering. I wasn't sure if I was going to like engineering, but I ended up loving it [Blaise graduated with an environmental engineering degree]. I also wanted to swim in college, and I was able to swim all four years at Swarthmore.
How do you like DC?
So far so good. DC attracts so many people; it can make for some stimulating discussions. It is definitely the most cosmopolitan city I've lived in. I love all the diverse food options here.
What else are you looking to do around the city?
This is apparently the fittest city in the U.S. I want to get back into running and biking. Maybe do a couple of triathlons next summer when I'm more settled.
I also want to check out the cultural events, the plays and concerts they have around here. Especially the classical concerts, since I used to play the cello. And the museums since they are all free, or mostly free.
So you've lived in Philly, Tucson, and now D.C. What is the most energy friendly place you've lived in?
I'd have to say Lewes, Delaware, where I lived as a summer researcher in graduate school. The university had a 2-megawatt wind turbine that powered the entire coastal campus and sold extra power to the Lewes grid. The money the university saved on electricity was funneled into research projects for the turbine. I was living on 100% renewable power.
We heard you used to climb the wind turbine there?
The University of Delaware has a utility-scale turbine that it built in partnership with Gamesa in 2010. It's on their coastal campus in Lewes and serves as a research lab for the University and Gamesa. Because of my engineering background I was able to become a research climber for the turbine. I installed sensors and cabling for grant-funded research projects.
How many climbs did you make? How high is it?
I made 6 or 7 trips out there with a few climbs each time. I've probably climbed it 20 times. It's 264 feet [80m] up to the top.
What was the climb like?
It was a lot of fun, I had a blast. You're going hand-over-hand up a ladder in all your gear. There's a guide wire that you're clipped into to catch you in case you fall. The ascent takes about 15 minutes, so you stop along the way. The descent is a lot faster. When you are climbing up, it can get really hot inside. The turbine serves as a big chimney. But when you get to the top, open the hatch to get some fresh air, and see the view… that was by far my favorite thing. The view was amazing.
How did you find out about EESI?
Some of my colleagues subscribed to Climate Change News, but the connection didn't register until I interviewed for the job. But I'm honored to have cited Board Chairman Emeritus and former U.S. Representative Richard Ottinger's work in my thesis about the social costs of electricity. And my graduate thesis advisor, Prof. Willett Kempton, spoke at a couple of EESI's briefings.
What appealed to you about EESI?
I came to EESI because it shares my goals and ideals. EESI has a great reputation and plays a crucial role in forming innovative solutions to the current energy and environmental problems facing our nation. I was also looking for an organization where I would have a fair amount of responsibility and autonomy and be able to make a difference immediately.
What difference do you want to make?
America's currently at an impasse with its climate change and energy policy. I want to help bring people together. EESI can play a crucial role in finding solutions that matter, showing the benefits of diversifying our energy portfolio, and inspiring action and discussion on common ground, such as reducing our military's dependence on foreign oil.
What direction would you like U.S. energy policy to go in?
I'd like to see an overhaul of the tax code… something that includes a carbon tax, either revenue-neutral or with some money going to deficit reduction, and that includes a phase-down of existing subsidies for traditional energy. I think we should extend incentives for renewable energy. Natural gas is currently very cheap, but the externalities of extraction and production are ignored in the private-sector costs. I believe that natural gas extraction must be performed responsibly in an environmentally sensible manner and it cannot be used as an excuse to delay deployment of renewable energy. I also think the research and development budget for basic research and programs should be greatly expanded in order to find solutions that bring down the cost of renewables and improve battery storage.
Two EESI Board Members Go Electric
ESI board members are demonstrating their dedication to the environment and sustainability by turning to electric vehicles (EVs). The most popular EV model in the United States is the award-winning Chevrolet Volt, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle first released in December 2010. Chairman of the Board Jared Blum (who also heads the Polyisocyanurate Insulation Manufacturers Association) bought his Volt in August and EESI board member Roger Duncan (the former general manager of Austin Energy, a municipally-owned utility) has been driving his since January 2011.
In that time, Duncan proudly notes that he has driven 11,000 miles on a mere 26 gallons of gas in both cities and hilly country (that's the equivalent of 423 miles per gallon!). Furthermore, he attests that his Volt drives "more like a sports car" suggesting that energy efficiency is compatible with quality performance. His experience isn't an outlier: according to Chevrolet, "Volt drivers who drive regularly are averaging 900 miles, or about a month, between fill ups."
With the price of gasoline on the rise and growing awareness of the negative effects of carbon emissions, EVs are becoming an increasingly attractive option for many people looking to go green and save money. As well as being more cost efficient, PHEVs are also cleaner – even when powered by a coal grid.
[Roger Duncan and his Volt] Roger Duncan and his Volt
EESI examined EV deployment in an October 2 briefing, which explored different ways to foster more rapid PEV adoption and the rationale for doing so. The five speakers emphasized that EV technology tackles economic security, national security, and environmental responsibility concerns, and so merits public support. To speed EV deployment, policymakers must address market hurdles and update regulatory structures. The briefing'smaterials are available online.
To learn more about plug-in electric vehicles, see the incentives that come with purchasing an EV, and discover the different models currently available on the U.S. market, check out our recent fact sheets on plug-in electric vehicles and electric vehicle deployment.
Finance Director David Robison Turns Disaster into Opportunity
Part 1 in a series on EESI staff's personal commitment to sustainable energy
On the morning of August 28, 2011, EESI's finance director, David Robison, woke up to a loud gust of wind and a shaking house. He looked outside to find his 150-year-old, 100-foot-tall, 5-foot-thick white oak tree lying across his yard and neighbor's garage, victim to Hurricane Irene. Although initially devastated by the loss of the tree, he realized he now had the opportunity to install a solar power system!
Though benefiting from good southern exposure, David had never given photovoltaic (PV) power much thought, as the tree had shaded the entire back yard. Following its loss, he soon started thinking about the best way to quickly replace the shading benefits that the tree had once provided while producing renewable energy. A study by the University of California, San Diego, showed that solar panels act as roof shades – they can reduce the amount of heat reaching the surface of the roof by 38 percent, keeping the building's ceiling on average 5 degrees Fahrenheit cooler during the day. They also help keep heat indoors during the winter. The researchers found that total building energy reduction is equal to getting a 5 percent discount on the price of the solar panels over their lifetime.
Confident that solar was the way to go, David was nevertheless a bit daunted by the prospect of diving into a field he knew little about. Fortunately, David works in an ideal place to learn more about solar installations! EESI's Director, Carol Werner, and its Policy Director for high performance green buildings, Ellen Vaughan, were particularly helpful, offering advice and directing him to resources. David was also able to bounce ideas off them, to better navigate through his options.
Once David had a firm grasp of the basics, he started interviewing solar panel vendors and doing his research. Maryland, where he lives, provides good state incentives for solar power. After crunching the numbers, David found that it made sense to purchase a solar system (rather than lease it). He found that for every 1,000 Kilowatt hours produced he would be awarded a solar renewable energy credit (SREC), which is currently trading at $150. Along with state and county incentives totaling $6,000, federal incentives covering 30 percent of costs, and the $929 in savings from no longer needing metered electricity, total payback time for the PV system was calculated at 3 years. David's 5kw system is designed to offset 100 percent of his home's electricity use.
Since July 11, 2012, when the system was switched on, it has produced a total of 1,850 kWh and offset 1.3 metric tons of CO2 – the same amount of carbon sequestered by 33 tree seedlings grown for 10 years.
"My goal is to retrofit this older house – built in 1933 – making it as energy efficient or more so than recently built homes and as close to net zero energy as possible while retaining the vintage features," states David. With the help of the Maryland Home Performance Rebate Program, David first had a home energy audit done and then made energy efficient improvements, particularly comprehensive attic and door air sealing, and increased attic insulation to R-49 (the R-value, or thermal resistance measure, recommended for the D.C. area). During the blower-door test of the energy audit, David went from room to room searching for air leaks around the baseboards, closets and door frames and then attacked them with a caulk gun. On his own, he installed pulley seals for the original double-hung windows; increased insulation in the knee walls, and installed a chimney balloon. All of this work resulted in an air leakage reduction of 60 percent, an incredible level (even for an older home, which are notoriously leaky) according to a quality assurance technician contracted by the State of Maryland.
Additional improvements include a 96 percent efficiency condensing natural gas boiler, which has reduced his gas consumption 30 percent for home heating, and a small duct, high-velocity central air conditioning system to replace window units.
"It's a good time to consider solar," states David, explaining that the cost of panels has dropped significantly – especially in the last couple of years – and that federal, state and local incentives make solar more affordable than ever. He notes that his neighborhood is laid out in a grid pattern, so "everyone's home is oriented in a favorable position for solar." Indeed, many of David's neighbors and community members have expressed curiosity and interest in his solar system. He hopes his experience with solar will encourage others.
David and his family reside in Catonsville, Maryland. You can visit David's blog and check out these resources for more information:
- Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE), a comprehensive source of information on state, federal, local, and utility incentives and policies that support renewable energy and energy efficiency.
- The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's PVWatts calculator estimates the energy a PV array can produce in a given location, helping homeowners easily calculate the performance of hypothetical installations.
You Are Key to Our Transition to Sustainable Energy!
Federal policy can be a key driver to technology innovation, efficiency enhancements, and policies that foster sustainability. You are the key to making innovative environmental and energy solutions possible!
From weatherization to a debate about the farm bill or new transportation bill, our nation's policymakers need EESI's fact-filled briefings, newsletters, and one-on-one discussions to make informed policy decisions.
You can help our country transition to sustainable energy when you make a tax-deductible gift to EESI in the way that's right for you:
- Online. Make an online donation at www.eesi.org/donate -- make it easier on your budget by making it a monthly recurring gift – and support sustainable energy all year long.
By Mail. Mail your gift to:
Environmental and Energy Study Institute
1112 16th Street NW
Washington D.C. 20036.
- At Work. If your employer has a workplace giving program, you can donate through easy paycheck-based deductions. Federal employees and members of the military can give to EESI by designating CFC #10627. Many other employers offer workplace giving – ask your Human Resources Department; we are a member of the EarthShare workplace giving federation.
- Become an EESI Associate – or Renew Today. EESI Associates are a group of businesses, associations, family foundations, and individuals who are an important part of the EESI family. A gift of $1,000, $2,000, or more will make you an EESI Associate. EESI Associates provide us with the flexibility to put resources in the areas of greatest need – and of greatest opportunity.
- Make a Gift of Stock. You may be eligible for a tax deduction equal to the fair market value of appreciated stock donated to EESI. Contact 202-662-1887 for our brokerage information.
- Double Your Impact with an Employer Match. See if your workplace matches employee contributions.
Thank you for putting your commitment to sustainable energy to work in so many ways – including support for EESI!
Has the Time Come for a Carbon Tax?
A carbon tax, long ruled out as dead on arrival by many, has made a surprising comeback and is now being discussed in policy circles throughout Washington as part of a possible solution to the fiscal crisis. Superstorm Sandy has put climate change back on the agenda, and the looming fiscal cliff is focusing minds: a carbon tax could address both issues, by raising revenue while discouraging carbon emissions.
A carbon tax works by taxing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted when carbon-based fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline are burned. These CO2 emissions are the biggest contributor to climate change. A tax putting a price on carbon would be a straightforward way to discourage carbon emissions. Economists estimate that a tax of $20 per ton of carbon dioxide emissions would increase the price of gasoline and electricity by up to 10 percent, but the extra revenue could be redistributed to households in the form of lower tax rates. In any case, we are already indirectly bearing the cost of carbon emissions in many ways (through health expenses, the cost of oil imports, restoration costs after extreme weather events...).
Another option, which has had more traction in the United States, is cap and trade, in which the government sets a maximum allowable level of carbon emissions, and pollution permits equal to that limit are exchanged on a private market. But a cap and trade bill died in the Senate in 2010, and shows no signs of being revived.
Most economists believe that a carbon tax, by providing more stability and predictability, is preferable to cap and trade. Increasingly, policymakers on both sides of the aisle are warming up to the idea. Several congressmen have introduced bills in the 111th and 112th Congresses, including Rep. John Larson (D-CT) and Sen. Pete Stark (D-CA). In 2009, Senators Maria Cantwell (D-WA) and Susan Collins (R-ME) introduced a bipartisan cap and dividend bill, a hybrid cap and trade and carbon tax scheme that would make CO2 emitters pay a dividend to the American public. Rep. Jim McDermott's (D-WA) Managed Carbon Price Act, re-introduced this August, would tax energy producers at the point of extraction (where coal is mined, for instance) and would refund 75 percent of the additional revenue to American taxpayers.
Many think tanks and editorial boards have joined the carbon tax bandwagon. Former Rep. Bob Inglis (R-SC), a strong proponent of a carbon tax, has launched his Energy & Enterprise Initiative in part to promote it. Carbon taxes have been endorsed by former Reagan economic adviser Arthur Laffer, and are supported by companies such as ExxonMobil.
The Obama administration has said a carbon tax is not part of its plans, and pundits agree that it remains a long shot. But as Al Gore, who has been pressing for a carbon tax for decades, puts it, "We should tax what we burn, not what we earn."
A special thanks to our amazing interns:
Summer/Fall 2012
- Daniel Querejazu
Rebecca Kreutter
Samuel Brock
Tom Palinkas
Diana Roycraft
Josh Cirker
Omar Bagnied
Sorina Seeley


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Against a backdrop of turn-of-the-century Spanish-revival architecture, Rosen Shingle Creek offers guests a wide selection of dining options. An award-winning steakhouse, upscale Italian bistro, elaborate buffet, and an à la carte menu for breakfast, lunch, dinner, are all available to tempt every traveler's palette.
A Land Remembered — Rosen Shingle Creek's steakhouse boasts the illustrious AAA Four Diamond award, and proudly serves Harris Ranch all-natural Five Diamond Black Angus Beef. Menu items include a signature 24 oz. Bone-In Ribeye Steak, as well as other dishes to cater to all tastes. Evening resort attire required. Open nightly at 5:30 p.m.
Cala Bella — "Beautiful Creek" is the hotel's stylish fine dining Italian bistro and a recipient of the AAA Four Diamond award, serving rich seafood, crisp salads, tender steaks, fresh pasta, and fine wines. Bella's Bar, the on-site piano bar, and Kitchen Presentation Bar allow guests to truly make the most of a night out. Evening resort attire required. Open nightly at 5:30 p.m.
Café Osceola — Visitors are invited to an interactive dining experience at Café Osceola, where chefs prepare breakfast, lunch, and dinner buffets against the backdrop of floor-to-ceiling views of Rosen Shingle Creek's picturesque surroundings. An a la carte menu is also available.
18 Monroe Street Market — Convenient snacks and grab-and-go items are offered 24-hours a day.
Banrai Sushi — Signature rolls, traditional sushi, innovative cocktails, and specialty sakes provide the perfect combination of flavors and textures. Open nightly at 5:00 p.m.
Cat-Tails Pool Bar & Grill — Guests are welcome to enjoy a selection of beverages and light menu items while relaxing by the pool.
Creek Ice Creamery — Refreshing ice cream treats are served poolside.
Headwaters Lounge — Headwaters is the perfect place to meet, mingle or relax with friends over a casual drink.
Mi Casa Tequila Taquería — Guests can sample Mexican favorites, sip on a variety of premium tequilas, or try a signature Jefe Margarita.
Shingle Creek Clubhouse Grille — Before or after a round on the award-winning golf course, visitors can enjoy delicious appetizers, sandwiches, and lunch entrées.
Smoooth Java Coffee Bar — Proudly serving Starbucks® coffee, this convenient coffee shop offers lattés, espresso, and refreshing fruit smoothies. Assorted gourmet pastries and desserts pair perfectly with any beverage selection.
Tobias Burgers and Brews — This casual dining option focuses on gourmet specialty burgers, premium bourbons and whiskeys and more than 30 local craft brews of which 18 are on tap, including the company's own Alligator Drool. Guests can enjoy beer flights alongside other options like salads, artisan flatbreads, traditional pub fare and specialty burgers.
Room Service is available 24-hours a day, with full-service dining.


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Quick Reference
A high molecular weight branched polysaccharide used to produce solutions of high viscosity and low osmotic pressures for the density-gradient separation of leucocytes from whole blood. Ficoll-Paque is premixed Ficoll and Hypaque (diatrizoate) with a density greater than that of all blood cells other than lymphocytes (1.077 g/cm3). This allows a one-step centrifugation process for isolating lymphocytes which remain at the plasma–Ficoll-Paque boundary.
From: Ficoll™ in A Dictionary of Biomedicine »
Subjects: Chemistry — Medicine and Health.
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The amount of traffic that crosses the data center continues to grow, as does the need for speed and capacity. If your data center network seems sluggish and is not providing the response time your organization requires, it could be your data center network infrastructure is causing the issue. It might be time to consider upgrading to higher capacity speeds all tiers of your network – leaf, spine and core.
Let's start at the leaf layer. Server virtualization, while decreasing the overall number of servers, is increasing the number of overall servers per rack as well as the number of virtual machines (VM). Organizations will require higher bandwidth to address this growing server and network utilization. Today's one Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) switches are not able to provide the bandwidth and low latency needed to prevent bottlenecks and sluggish response times. If you haven't already, now is a good time upgrade to 10 GbE based switches for several reasons. With a virtualized data center, you will need 10 GbE to manage the increased capacity on the servers. Nowadays, servers are shipping with 10 GbE connectors, thus having a 10 GbE switch will help with performance and latency issues at the edge. In addition, 10 GbE switches are no longer cost prohibitive. The price gap between one GbE and 10 GbE is narrowing. When you also factor power consumption and cooling older systems as well as performance costs, 10 GB starts to look a lot more affordable.
With the move to 10 GbE in the leaf, this will put pressure on the spine. Where you were once running 10 GbE, it is time to considering upgrading to 40 GbE. The increase in traffic will only continue, according to IDC (Market Analysis Perspective: Worldwide Datacenter Networks, 2012), data is projected to 6 times its current rate by 2015. When you add in voice, video and security as well as the number of always on mobile devices, on top of the data, you will need 40 GbE to handle this explosive growth in traffic coming from the leaf switches. If you only have 10 GbE switches in your spine, they will not be able to accommodate the multiple 10 GbE link connections from the leaf. Link aggregation has worked well in the past, but it is not a scalable solution. There will be a time where linking together too many 10 GbE connections will cause the network to slow.
With the migration toward 10 GbE in the leaf and 40 GbE in the spine, it makes sense to start considering 100 GbE in the core. Indeed, 100 GbE is a nascent technology and just arriving on the horizon. However, if you are overhauling your data center architecture, it is worth considering 100 GbE for your spine to core connection. The aggregation of multiple 40 GbE switches will create the need for higher bandwidth in the core. For those organizations where a lot of data travels across the network and there is a heavy reliance on its performance, 100 GbE makes sense. Instead of configuring ten ports of 10 GbE or three ports of 40 in a lag configuration, it is easier to configure one 100 GbE port. You also get the benefit of a full 100 GbE pipe, versus segmenting your connections into multiple pipes that may not utilize the full available bandwidth. In addition, cloud computing is creating a shift in how networks are designed, creating a need a for multiple, high bandwidth connections, that will be able to more quickly deliver applications and services.
Lastly, as you evaluate your data center infrastructure and determine which speeds make sense at which layer, you should consider purchasing a solution that includes Ethernet Fabric. Deploying Ethernet Fabrics in data centers help with any-to any connectivity, meaning that traffic can travel in any direction including east to west, a key requirement for server-to-server communications, and deliver the automation and simplicity needed by data centers.
If you are considering an upgrade, take a look at the Brocade VDX portfolio of switches as well as the Brocade VCS Fabric technology solution. Together, these solutions can help you build a solid data center infrastructure that can accommodate the growth and rapid change in the networking industry.
How many of you are considering migration to higher bandwidth connectivity?_


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Van Persie: 2010 pain can spur us on
Robin van Persie hopes the agony of defeat in the 2010 World Cup final can motivate Netherlands to glory in Brazil.
- Louis van Gaal unhappy with dugout view
- Van Persie goal immortalised in flipbook
- Robben becomes world's fastest player
The Oranje captain was part of the team beaten 1-0 by Spain in Johannesburg -- but after his spectacular header sparked a stunning 5-1 revenge win over the defending champions, he is dreaming of another chance to lift the trophy.
Manchester United striker Van Persie told World Cup sponsors adidas: "I like to move forward, but of course you look back and think: 'Was that my only chance to win a World Cup final?'
"It is the ultimate prize in the game, and we came so close. It hurt a lot to lose. It was painful for Dutch people. But we did ourselves proud to get to the final, and we lost to a very, very good Spain side."
Coach Louis van Gaal promoted Van Persie to captain, but the player said that did not add to the pressure on him, explaining: "It's something I relish. I'm 30 now and one of the more senior players in the squad, so I just have to use my experience to help other players at these tournaments."
Netherlands take on Australia on Wednesday with Van Persie, who scored twice against Spain, eyeing more goals.
He said: "I would be very happy to be Golden Boot winner -- not many players get the chance to win that.
"But I do not want it as much as winning the trophy, not even one percent as much. That is everything to us. But if I could win it, it would mean that I am doing my job well. And if I do my job well, it means we have got a better chance to win the cup."
Van Persie is predicting a tough game, even though Netherlands are hot favourites against the Socceroos.
He explained: "Australia have got nothing to lose in this tournament -- they aren't expected to qualify out of the group, so that makes them dangerous. They are underdogs, but they are a decent side who can just have a real go at the World Cup finalists."
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Ada L. Krebs
3 Hutchinson Place
E-MAIL: email@example.com
Professional Experience
Prudential Fox and Roach – Brigantine, NJ 08203
Senior Sales Associate - Present
Sales experience in Residential, Commercial, Bank Foreclosure and Short Sales.
Weichert Realtors - Brigantine Realty, Brigantine, NJ 08203
Senior Sales Associate - 1996 – December 2012
Weichert Real Estate Affiliates, Inc. Club Award 2010 Sales Achievement Award 2010.
Top Listing Agent for 2010. Realtor.com Online Marketing Award of Excellence 2010.
Sales experience in Residential, Commercial, Bank Foreclosure and Short Sales.
Brigantine Realty 2002 - Present
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Review all contracts for sales, listings and rentals. Managed weekly advertising, including the creation of all newspaper advertisements and assisted in the development of all television and radio advertisements. Developed, implemented and managed a direct mail and email advertising campaign which served all of Atlantic County. Managed all new interns in mentor program.
Century 21 Chesney - 1996 - 2002
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Residential and commercial sales, seasonal rentals, long term rentals.
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Microbiology (from Greek μῑκρος, mīkros, "small"; βίος, bios, "life"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, parasitology, mycology and bacteriology.
Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound cell organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include eubacteria and archaebacteria. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, example 16s rRNA gene sequence used for bacteria identification.
Viruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search—discovering "infectious proteins".
The existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome. The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch.
The existence of microorganisms was hypothesized for many centuries before their actual discovery. The existence of unseen microbiological life was postulated by Jainism which is based on Mahavira's teachings as early as 6th century BCE. Paul Dundas notes that Mahavira asserted existence of unseen microbiological creatures living in earth, water, air and fire. Jain scriptures also describe nigodas which are sub-microscopic creatures living in large clusters and having a very short life and are said to pervade each and every part of the universe, even in tissues of plants and flesh of animals. The Roman Marcus Terentius Varro made references to microbes when he warned against locating a homestead in the vicinity of swamps "because there are bred certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and there by cause serious diseases."
At the golden age of Islamic civilization, some scientists hypothesized the existence of microorganisms, such as Avicenna in his book The Canon of Medicine, Ibn Zuhr (also known as Avenzoar) who discovered scabies mites, and Al-Razi who gave the earliest known description of smallpox in his book The Virtuous Life (al-Hawi).
In 1546, Girolamo Fracastoro proposed that epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or vehicle transmission.
In 1676, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek , who lived most of his life in Delft, Holland, observed bacteria and other microorganisms using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He is considered a father of microbiology as he pioneered the use of simple single-lensed microscopes of his own design. While Van Leeuwenhoek is often cited as the first to observe microbes, Robert Hooke made his first recorded microscopic observation, of the fruiting bodies of moulds, in 1665. It has, however, been suggested that a Jesuit priest called Athanasius Kircher was the first to observe micro-organisms.
Kircher was among the first to design magic lanterns for projection purposes, so he must have been well acquainted with the properties of lenses. He wrote "Concerning the wonderful structure of things in nature, investigated by Microscope" in 1646, stating "who would believe that vinegar and milk abound with an innumerable multitude of worms." He also noted that putrid material is full of innumerable creeping animalcules. He published his Scrutinium Pestis (Examination of the Plague) in 1658, stating correctly that the disease was caused by microbes, though what he saw was most likely red or white blood cells rather than the plague agent itself.
The birth of bacteriology[edit]
The field of bacteriology (later a subdiscipline of microbiology) was founded in the 19th century by Ferdinand Cohn, a botanist whose studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria led him to describe several bacteria including Bacillus and Beggiatoa. Cohn was also the first to formulate a scheme for the taxonomic classification of bacteria, and to discover endospores. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch were contemporaries of Cohn, and are often considered to be the father of microbiology and medical microbiology, respectively. Pasteur is most famous for his series of experiments designed to disprove the then widely held theory of spontaneous generation, thereby solidifying microbiology's identity as a biological science. One of his students, Adrien Certes, is considered the founder of marine microbiology. Pasteur also designed methods for food preservation (pasteurization) and vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies. Koch is best known for his contributions to the germ theory of disease, proving that specific diseases were caused by specific pathogenic micro-organisms. He developed a series of criteria that have become known as the Koch's postulates. Koch was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture resulting in his description of several novel bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis.
While Pasteur and Koch are often considered the founders of microbiology, their work did not accurately reflect the true diversity of the microbial world because of their exclusive focus on micro-organisms having direct medical relevance. It was not until the late 19th century and the work of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky that the true breadth of microbiology was revealed. Beijerinck made two major contributions to microbiology: the discovery of viruses and the development of enrichment culture techniques. While his work on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus established the basic principles of virology, it was his development of enrichment culturing that had the most immediate impact on microbiology by allowing for the cultivation of a wide range of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by micro-organisms in geochemical processes. He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. French-Canadian microbiologist Felix d'Herelle co-discovered bacteriophages in 1917 and was one of the earliest applied microbiologists.
Joseph Lister was the first to use phenol disinfectant on the open wounds of patients.
The branches of microbiology can be classified into pure and applied sciences. Microbiology can be also classified based on taxonomy, in the cases of bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, and phycology. There is considerable overlap between the specific branches of microbiology with each other and with other disciplines, and certain aspects of these branches can extend beyond the traditional scope of microbiology
While some fear microbes due to the association of some microbes with various human diseases, many microbes are also responsible for numerous beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation (e.g. the production of alcohol, vinegar and dairy products), antibiotic production and act as molecular vehicles to transfer DNA to complex organisms such as plants and animals. Scientists have also exploited their knowledge of microbes to produce biotechnologically important enzymes such as Taq polymerase, reporter genes for use in other genetic systems and novel molecular biology techniques such as the yeast two-hybrid system.
Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids. Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important bacterial species with an annual production of more than two million tons of amino acids, mainly L-glutamate and L-lysine. Since some bacteria have the ability to synthesize antibiotics, they are used for medicinal purposes, such as Streptomyces to make aminoglycoside antibiotics.
A variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides, are produced by microorganisms. Microorganisms are used for the biotechnological production of biopolymers with tailored properties suitable for high-value medical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Microorganisms are used for the biosynthesis of xanthan, alginate, cellulose, cyanophycin, poly(gamma-glutamic acid), levan, hyaluronic acid, organic acids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharide, and polyhydroxyalkanoates.
Microorganisms are beneficial for microbial biodegradation or bioremediation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes and subsurface pollution in soils, sediments and marine environments. The ability of each microorganism to degrade toxic waste depends on the nature of each contaminant. Since sites typically have multiple pollutant types, the most effective approach to microbial biodegradation is to use a mixture of bacterial and fungal species and strains, each specific to the biodegradation of one or more types of contaminants.
Symbiotic microbial communities confer benefits to their human and animal hosts health including aiding digestion, producing beneficial vitamins and amino acids, and suppressing pathogenic microbes. Some benefit may be conferred by eating fermented foods, probiotics (bacteria potentially beneficial to the digestive system) or prebiotics (substances consumed to promote the growth of probiotic microorganisms). The ways the microbiome influences human and animal health, as well as methods to influence the microbiome are active areas of research.
Research has suggested that microorganisms could be useful in the treatment of cancer. Various strains of non-pathogenic clostridia can infiltrate and replicate within solid tumors. Clostridial vectors can be safely administered and their potential to deliver therapeutic proteins has been demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models.
See also[edit]
- American Society for Microbiology
- Federation of European Microbiological Societies
- Society for Applied Microbiology
- Society for General Microbiology
- ^ Madigan M, Martinko J (editors) (2006). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (13th ed.). Pearson Education. p. 1096. ISBN 0-321-73551-X. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Nitesh RA, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (2011). "Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation". Microbiological Reviews. 59 (1): 143–169. PMC 239358 . PMID 7535888.
- ^ Rice G (2007-03-27). "Are Viruses Alive?". Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ Mahavira is dated 599 BC - 527 BC. See. Dundas, Paul; John Hinnels ed. (2002). The Jain. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26606-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link) p. 24
- ^ Dundas, Paul (2002) p. 88
- ^ Jaini, Padmanabh (1998). The Jaina Path of Purification. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 109. ISBN 81-208-1578-5.
- ^ Marcus Terentius Varro. Varro on Agriculture 1, xii Loeb.
- ^ "فى الحضارة الإسلامية - ديوان العرب" [Microbiology in Islam]. Diwanalarab.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ Fracastoro, Girolamo (1546), De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbis transl. Wilmer Cave Wright (1930). New York: G.P. Putnam's
- ^ Lane, Nick (6 March 2015). "The Unseen World: Reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) 'Concerning Little Animal'". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 370 (1666): 20140344. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0344. PMC 4360124 . PMID 25750239.
- ^ Gest H (2005). "The remarkable vision of Robert Hooke (1635-1703): first observer of the microbial world". Perspect. Biol. Med. 48 (2): 266–72. doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0053. PMID 15834198.
- ^ Wainwright, Milton (2003). "An Alternative View of the Early History of Microbiology". Advances in Applied Microbiology. Advances in Applied Microbiology. 52: 333–55. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(03)01013-X. ISBN 978-0-12-002654-8. PMID 12964250.
- ^ Drews, G. (1999). "Ferdinand Cohn, among the Founder of Microbiology". ASM News. 65 (8): 547.
- ^ Ryan, K.J.; Ray, C.G., eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Bordenave, G. (2003). "Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)". Microbes Infect. 5 (6): 553–60. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00075-3. PMID 12758285.
- ^ Adler, Antony; Dücker, Erik (2017-04-05). "When Pasteurian Science Went to Sea: The Birth of Marine Microbiology". Journal of the History of Biology: 1–27. doi:10.1007/s10739-017-9477-8.
- ^ Johnson, J. (2001) [1998]. "Martinus Willem Beijerinck". APSnet. American Phytopathological Society. Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved May 2, 2010. Retrieved from Internet Archive January 12, 2014.
- ^ Paustian T, Roberts G (2009). "Beijerinck and Winogradsky Initiate the Field of Environmental Microbiology". Through the Microscope: A Look at All Things Small (3rd ed.). Textbook Consortia. § 1–14. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ Keen, E.C. (2012). "Felix d'Herelle and Our Microbial Future". Future Microbiology. 7 (12): 1337–1339. doi:10.2217/fmb.12.115. PMID 23231482.
- ^ Lister, Joseph (2010-08-01). "The Classic: On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (8): 2012–2016. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1320-x. PMC 2895849 . PMID 20361283.
- ^ Pharmaceutical Microbiology Principles and Applications. Nirali Prakashan. pp. 1.1–1.2. ISBN 978-81-85790-61-9. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ /review-yyyrvljlqfzdueqaceuljelread/popular/microbiology/branches-of-microbiology/
- ^ Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th ed.). ISBN 978-0321897398.
- ^ Burkovski A (editor). (2008). Corynebacteria: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 1-904455-30-1. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ Fourmy, Dominique; Recht, Michael I.; Blanchard, Scott C; Puglisi, Joseph D. (1996). "Structure of the A site of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA complexed with an Aminoglycoside Antibiotic" (PDF). Science. 274 (5291): 1367–1371. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1367F. doi:10.1126/science.274.5291.1367. PMID 8910275. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ^ Rehm BHA (editor). (2008). Microbial Production of Biopolymers and Polymer Precursors: Applications and Perspectives. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-36-3. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ Diaz E (editor). (2008). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology (1st ed.). Caister Academic Press. ISBN 1-904455-17-4. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ MacFarlane, GT; Cummings, JH (1999). "Probiotics and prebiotics: Can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 318 (7189): 999–1003. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7189.999. PMC 1115424 . PMID 10195977.
- ^ Tannock GW, ed. (2005). Probiotics and Prebiotics: Scientific Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-01-1. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ^ Wenner, Melinda (30 November 2007). "Humans Carry More Bacterial Cells than Human Ones". Scientific American. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ Mengesha; et al. (2009). "Clostridia in Anti-tumor Therapy". Clostridia: Molecular Biology in the Post-genomic Era. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-38-7.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microbiology.
|Wikisource has original works on the topic: Microbiology
|At Wikiversity, you can learn more and teach others about Microbiology at the Department of Microbiology
- nature.com Latest Research, reviews and news on microbiology
- Microbes.info is a microbiology information portal containing a vast collection of resources including articles, news, frequently asked questions, and links pertaining to the field of microbiology.
- Microbiology on In Our Time at the BBC.
- Immunology, Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology, Mycology and Infectious Disease
- Microbiology Video Lectures and Learning Resources
- Annual Review of Microbiology
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The album concludes in stunning fashion with "Bound 2," which will leave fans of hip-hop's soul-sample era foaming at the mouth. The production is remarkably minimalist, composed of just samples and a Charlie Wilson-featured breakdown that revisits Kanye's work on Graduation. Lyrically, he makes sure no woman over the age of 30 will ever set foot in Forever 21 again, drops a few well-timed references to the hilariously uncouth Jerome character made famous by Martin and analyzes relationships as only Kanye can.
The beat, which is the closest to straight up "hip-hop" on the entire album, will have everyone from wannabe rappers to the experienced ones who should know better kicking freestyles all summer long in an attempt to recreate the magic Kanye captures here:
"Hey, you remember where we first met? Okay, I don't remember where we first met/But hey, admitting is the first step/You know ain't nobody perfect/And I know, with the hoes I got the worst rep/But hey, the backstroke I'm trying to perfect/We made [it] to Thanksgiving/So hey, maybe we can make it to Christmas/She asked me what I wish for on my wish list/Have you ever asked your bitch for other bitches?"
Can anyone top that? We'll hear rappers try, whether we want to or not. —Julian Kimble