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Grave marker in the Tombstone Boothill Graveyard for the five outlaws who committed the Bisbee Massacre
|December 8, 1883
|Bisbee, Arizona Territory, United States
|Also known as
|Bisbee Murders, Bisbee Raid
|Five Cowboys arrested and executed
The Bisbee massacre, (the Bisbee murders or the Bisbee raid) took place on December 8, 1883, in Bisbee, Arizona when five outlaw Cowboys robbed a general store and killed four people. Five men were later convicted and executed on March 28, 1884, for the crime. They were the first criminals to be legally hanged in Tombstone, then the county seat.
John Heath, who was accused of organizing the robbery, was tried separately and sentenced to life in prison. Unsatisfied with what they perceived as a lenient sentence, a Bisbee lynch mob forcibly removed him from jail and hanged him on February 22, 1884. Today, the grave of the five murderers is part of the popular Boothill Graveyard tourist attraction in Tombstone.[1][2]
John T. Heath grew up in Texas and as an adult he was indicted for cattle rustling, robbery, burglary, and running a house of prostitution. Born in Texas in 1855 to John and Sarah Heath, he moved with his family to Louisiana when young. The Heath family eventually returned to Texas where, in 1875 Heath married Virginia Tennessee "Jennie" Ferrell. In 1882, Heath left Texas, settling first in Clifton, Arizona, where he opened a saloon. In November 1883, Heath moved to Bisbee with James "Tex" Howard. Along the way, Heath and Howard met friends of Howard: Dan "Big Dan" Dowd, Omer W. "Red" Sample, and Daniel "York" Kelly.
Bisbee didn't have a bank, and it was common knowledge that the $7,000 cash payroll (or about $184,000 today) for the Copper Queen Mine was delivered to the Goldwater & Castaneda Mercantile store one or two days in advance of the company's payday on the 10th of each month. Heath was later convicted of arranging for Cowboys Daniel "Big Dan" Dowd, Omer W. "Red" Sample, Daniel "York" Kelly, William E. "Billy" Delaney, and James "Tex" Howard to rob the store and payroll.[2]
Before the robbery, Heath allegedly accompanied Howard and the three other men to Buckles' ranch, about 10 miles (16 km) outside Bisbee, although no witnesses were later found to corroborate Heath's role. Heath and Howard continued on to Bisbee on November 20, 1883. Heath immediately partnered with a local man named Nathan Waite and prepared to open a new dance hall. Howard returned to the Buckles' ranch and waited with his confederates. Heath and Waite opened their dance hall behind the Goldwater & Castaneda Mercantile general store on December 8, 1883, the day the Copper Queen Mine payroll usually arrived.[2]
On the evening of December 8th, 1883, the five outlaws rode into Bisbee. They tied their horses near the Copper Queen Mine smelter at the end of Main Street and walked to the Goldwater and Castaneda store. At the store, three of the men, including "Tex" Howard, who wasn't wearing a mask, entered the store while the other two remained outside. They leveled pistols at the store owner and persuaded him to open the safe, only to find that the payroll had not yet arrived. The robbers took some cash and a watch in the safe and robbed all of the employees and customers in the store. Accounts differ as to how much money they stole, but it was reported they took between $900 and $3,000 in cash along with the gold watch and articles of jewelry.[2]
While the three Cowboys were inside looting the safe, the two Cowboys outside were confronted by citizens who recognized that a robbery was in progress. When assayer J. C. Tappenier exited the Bon Ton Saloon next door, they ordered him to go back in. He refused and the robbers, armed with Winchester repeating rifles, killed him with a shot to the head. Cochise County Deputy Sheriff D. Tom Smith was having dinner with his wife across the street at the Bisbee House. He ran onto the street and the robbers ordered him to go back inside. Smith refused, and told them he was an officer of the law. One of the bandits reportedly said, "Then you are the one we want!" and killed him. He fell beneath a freight wagon. A local man, known only as "Indian Joe," was wounded in the leg as he was trying to escape the shooting. Mrs. Annie Roberts, who was pregnant, came to the door of the Bisbee House restaurant, which she and her husband owned. The Cowboys shot Mrs. Roberts and the bullet shattered her spine, mortally wounding her. John A. Nolly, a local freighter, was standing near his wagon when he was shot in the chest. Mrs. Roberts and Nolly died later that evening.[3][4]
The robbers exited the store and ran for their horses, firing at anyone they saw. Deputy Sheriff William "Billy" Daniels, who had come from his saloon when he heard the shooting commence, emptied his revolver at the fleeing outlaws, but missed. The bandits mounted their horses and rode back up Main Street, over Mule Pass, and out of town. At Soldier's Hole, a site east of Bisbee, they divided the money and went their separate ways.[1][5][3]
The Copper Queen Mine offered a reward of $2000.00 for the arrest and conviction of the Cowboys. Since four of the robbers wore masks, it was at first difficult to trace them.[2]
Riders from Bisbee immediately left for Tombstone, which was the county seat at the time. They notified Cochise County Sheriff Jerome L. Ward. Deputy William Daniels immediately formed two posses. The first posse, which left immediately after the robbery included the alleged mastermind of the robbery, John Heath, along with Nathan Waite and Henry Frost (a local gambler and acquaintance of John Heath). Waite and Heath were deputized by Deputy Daniels. They departed town. Daniels formed a second posse, which took to the field after daybreak on December 9th. Daniels' posse soon caught up with Heath's posse. During the manhunt, Heath noticed that the outlaws' tracks separated with three horsemen going east and the two others going south. Heath brought this to Daniel's attention, but Daniels didn't believe Heath. When Heath was tried for his role in the robbery, Deputy Daniels accused Heath of trying to mislead the posse.
Later, when they had lost the tracks altogether, Heath, Waite, and Frost followed the southbound tracks and finally lost the trail of their quarry outside Tombstone. Exhausted, the three men spent the night in town and, after meeting with Under-Sheriff Wallace, because Sheriff Jerome Ward was out of town, they returned to Bisbee. Daniels doggedly followed the other tracks and eventually lost that trail altogether, and returned to Bisbee empty-handed. Heath and Waite were arrested the following day. Waite was released, but Heath was held in jail as a suspected accomplice.[6][7]
Because he had neglected to wear a mask, "Tex" Howard was quickly identified as one of the robbers. After further investigation, Deputy Daniels was able to determine the names of the other four men suspected of being involved. Suspicion fell upon Heath as he was acquainted with Howard and had been seen in the company of the other four men at Buckles' ranch. The first of the outlaws to be apprehended was Daniel "York" Kelly. Kelly was caught near Deming, New Mexico. "Tex" Howard and "Red" Sample made the mistake of returning to their old haunts in Clifton, Arizona. While there, the outlaws paid a visit to a local bartender named Walter Bush. After they rode out, Bush notified the authorities. A posse was assembled and within a matter of days, Howard and Sample were captured and placed in jail. Daniel W. Dowd and William E. Delaney had, as Heath had seen in their horse tracks, left the others outside of Bisbee and traveled to Sonora, Mexico. Dan Dowd was captured by Deputy Daniels across the international border in Corralitos, Sonora. William Delaney was apprehended by Deputy Daniels with the aid of Deputy Sheriff Robert Hatch in the town of Minas Prietas, Sonora where he had been detained after getting in a brawl with a local mine foreman.[1][2][3][8][9] Given the reward, Mexican authorities were glad to release him to the Americans.
On February 6th, the grand jury "found indictments against Dowd, Kelly, Sample, Howard and Delaney". The men appointed as their legal counsel included James B. Southard, Col. Stanford, Thomas J. Drum, F. V. Price, and Col. William Herring (father of Sarah Herring Sorin, one of Arizona's first female attorneys). The trial of the five suspected killers began in Tombstone on February 17, 1884. The evidence against the men was fairly conclusive. Four of the five of them had been recognized either during the robbery or as they ran from the mercantile. Additionally, there was a chain of physical and circumstantial evidence linking the men to the crime. The trial lasted only three days. After an hour's deliberation the jury brought back a verdict of guilty of first-degree murder. On hearing the verdict, Daniel Kelly was reported to have remarked, "Well boys, hemp seems to be trumps". On February 18, after their motions for a new trial were quashed by Judge Daniel Pinney, the five outlaws were sentenced to be hanged by the neck until they were dead.[10][11]
At his request, John Heath was tried separately beginning on February 12, 1884. He was represented by Colonel William Herring. The prosecutors could not produce a witness who could tie Heath to the robbery. Certainly he had known the outlaws previously, but proving he had conspired with them was problematic. Unable to produce a witness, County Attorney Marcus Aurelius Smith found a prisoner to testify against Heath. Sergeant L. D. Lawrence, of the 3rd Cavalry, had been indicted for killing two men during a saloon brawl in Willcox, Arizona, and had been incarcerated with Heath and the others since their arrest.
Sgt. Lawrence swore he had heard Heath and the outlaws discuss the robbery and how and why their plan had failed. Heath's attorney questioned Lawrence as to whether he had made a deal with County Attorney Smith to testify against Heath in exchange for a lighter sentence in his own case. Lawrence swore he had not but three months later, in May 1884, he was represented in his murder trial before Judge Pinney by Smith's private law firm. He was found guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter and sentenced to only two years in the Yuma Territorial Prison.[12][13][14][15]
The jury, which split several times over the verdict, with some calling for conviction and some calling for acquittal, finally chose a "compromise verdict" and convicted Heath of second-degree murder [16] Judge Pinney sentenced him to life at the Yuma Territorial Prison.
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The men of Cochise County were not satisfied. On February 22, a large lynch mob, reported as 50 to 150 men,[1][17][2] broke into the county jail in the bottom of the Tombstone Courthouse, where Heath was being held awaiting his appeal in the case. After disarming the guards, the mob took Heath at gunpoint from the jail and left his five convicted associates awaiting their legal executions in March. As the mob exited the courthouse with the prisoner, Sheriff Ward attempted to intervene. The mob pushed him aside.[18]
The mob took Heath down Toughnut Street and lynched him from a telegraph pole at the corner of First and Toughnut Streets. Heath's last words were: "Boys, you are hanging an innocent man, and you will find it out before those other men are hung. I have one favor to ask," he said, "that you will not mutilate my body by shooting into it after I am hung." His executioners agreed. Heath was then blindfolded and the noose was placed around his neck. Members of the mob then pulled the rope until Heath was suspended beneath the pole, where he slowly strangled to death. When the body finally came to rest, someone placed a placard on the telegraph pole bearing the inscription:[19]
Was hanged to this pole by the
for participating in the Bisbee massacre
as a proved accessory
(Washington's Birthday)
Dr. George E. Goodfellow, who had witnessed Heath's hanging, was County Coroner and responsible for determining the exact cause of death. His wry conclusion reflected the popular sentiment of the town. He ruled that Heath died from "...emphysema of the lungs which might have been, and probably was, caused by strangulation, self-inflicted or otherwise, as in accordance with the medical evidence."[20]
While a grave marker for John Heath is currently located in the Tombstone Boothill Graveyard, his body was returned to his family in Terrell, Texas, where he was buried at the Oakland Cemetery in an unmarked grave.[1]
The lynching at Tombstone was covered nationally, reported by The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune as well as by western newspapers. A February 24, 1884, issue of the Times said:
Heath restated his innocence before the crowd hoisted him up the telegraph pole.[21] The mob left Heath "hanging for half an hour, when he was cut down".[2] After his death, Heath was described as "a notorious gambler, burglar, horse and cattle thief" on February 28, 1884, by The Kaufman Sun in his home town of Terrell, Texas.[17]
After the trial and conviction of the five bandits, residents celebrated the day of their execution in March 1884. Sheriff Ward sent out invitations to a select number of people to view the hanging, In addition, a local businessman erected a grandstand of his own outside the jailyard and began selling tickets at $1.50 per seat. Disgusted when learning of these plans, Nellie Cashman, a local philanthropist, protested to Sheriff Ward, before chopping up the grandstand with friends the day before the executions.[2] During this row, seven persons were injured, one breaking a leg and another an arm.[2]
According to the Tombstone Epitaph, more than 1,000 persons witnessed the hangings. A special gallows was built that could accommodate all five of the outlaws. On the morning of their execution, they were shaved and dressed in matching black suits. Sheriff Ward allowed them to walk unfettered to the gibbet and to wear their hats. Once on the platform, the men were bound again. Each of the bandits protested his innocence and that of Heath, who had been lynched a month earlier.[citation needed]
Having converted to Catholicism during their tenure in the county jail,[citation needed] the outlaws asked for their bodies to be delivered to the local Roman Catholic priest, Father Gallagher. Their hats were then taken from them and black hoods pulled down over their heads. The nooses were subsequently adjusted around their necks. It was then Daniel "York" Kelly, his voice muffled by the hood which covered his features, said, "Let her go!" On March 28, 1884, at 1:18 p.m. James "Tex" Howard, Dan "Big Dan" Dowd, William Delaney (or DeLaney), Omer W. "Red" Sample, and Kelly were executed. They were dropped together and, except for Dowd, died quickly. Dowd's body was seen to twitch and jerk for several minutes as he strangled to death. The bodies of the Bisbee bandits were allowed to hang there in the early spring air for a full half-hour before they were officially pronounced dead. Then, at 1:45 p.m. the corpses were cut down and "placed in neat but plain coffins" and conveyed to the city morgue, where they were each identified in turn by Gallagher.[22]
Learning that a medical school intended to exhume the bandits' corpses for research, Cashman intervened, hiring two miners to guard the graves of the bandits for ten days.[2] A joint gravestone marks the graves of the five executed bandits, which can still be seen in Tombstone.
The following are the images, as of 2017, of the individual graves of Dan "Big Dan" Dowd, William E. "Billy" Delaney, Daniel "York" Kelley, James "Tex" Howard and Omer W. "Red" Sample in Boot Hill Graveyard in Tombstone.
Coordinates: 31°26′30″N 109°54′57″W / 31.4417°N 109.9159°W

subset: commoncrawl


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Top Shelf Comix
[SDCC'15] IDW and Top Shelf announced convention exclusives and debuts
Press Release Get your San Diego Comic-Con International exclusive checklists ready! IDW and Top Shelf have some of the hottest exclusives and debuts for the biggest convention of the year! See below for a full list of your convention must-haves and download the ultimate IDW 2015 SDCC Exclusives Shopping Guide PDF (http://bit.ly/1QMeuQQ) for full descriptions and cover images.
IDW Publishing and Top Shelf partner with Scribd to add unlimited comic books to its subscription service
Press Release Scribd today announced that it is expanding its leading global subscription reading service to include unlimited access to more than 3,500 comic books from IDW Publishing and Top Shelf Productions. This offering represents the first time IDW and Top Shelf digital comics have been made available in one unlimited digital subscription service.
IDW Publishing Acquires Top Shelf Productions
Press Release Leading comic book and graphic novel publisher IDW Publishing announced today that it has acquired Top Shelf Productions, the award-winning independent publisher of graphic novels, including the #1 New York Times and Washington Post bestseller March by Congressman John Lewis, Andrew Aydin and Nate Powell, Alan Moore's League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (with Kevin O'Neill) and From Hell (with Eddie Campbell), Craig Thompson's Blankets, Nate Powell's Swallow Me Whole, and Jeff Lemire's Essex County.
REVIEW: The Underwater Welder
Is the pressure getting to oil rig welder Jack Joseph's head? He's losing touch with the present as he dives into the mysteries of his past. Major Spoilers reviews the newest graphic novel by writer/artist Jeff Lemire.
DIGITAL COMICS: comiXology announces Top Shelf app
Press Release Top Shelf Productions, the publisher of critically acclaimed and popularly beloved graphic novels, and comiXology, the leading distributor of digital comics, are proud to announce the launch of the official Top Shelf Productions iOS App and Top Shelf Kids Club iOS App today. Purchases on these apps will sync across the Comics by comiXology platform — iOS, Android and the Web!
Disney Snags Surrogates
Variety is reporting that the House of Mouse has acquired the rights to Top Shelf Comix graphic novel "The Surrogates". Jonathan Mostow will direct, with Michael Ferris and John Brancato signed as writers. "This is a Philip K. Dick-like futuristic universe, but people who live a second life already on the Internet can relate to some of the themes here," said Brancato, who with Ferris is adapting the Robert Ludlum novel "Sigma Protocol" for Strike Entertainment. Subject matter is edgy for Disney, and Oren Aviv is eyeing Touchstone as a home for it. "This is a grounded sci-fi premise, but


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Ramesh T A
Ramesh T A (28th August 1950 / Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India)
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Culture And Civilisation
Culture cherishes where there is pastoral life;
All Epics and classics speak about that life.
Civilisation of court life is hypocritical, false;
Pastoral life of country side is true, natural!
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What do addiction counselors do?
Addiction counselors work to prevent and treat addiction disorders. Working one-on-one in group sessions they help clients:
- Understand addiction and develop strategies to maintain a sober lifestyle
- Learn how to cope with stress and life's problems
- Rebuild professional relationships and reestablish careers
- Improve their personal relationships with family and friends
Where do addiction counselors work?
Addiction counselors work in a variety of settings, such as mental health centers, hospitals, prisons, private practice, and research institutions. They work closely with psychologists, psychiatrists and the legal system.
Admission requirements
There are no admission requirements for the Addiction Studies Program, however in order to graduate students must have a 3.0 in the course requirements for the major.
Coursework and research opportunities
Addiction studies majors take general studies core classes, psychology classes, and courses from other disciplines to provide a broader understanding of addiction and treatment. Students will study the physiological effects of drug use, the dynamics of addiction,
treatment methods, and receive practical experience in addiction counseling. Our students frequently conduct and assist faculty members with addictions research.
Internship required for licensing
A nine-month supervised clinical experience is a requirement for licensing as an addiction counselor in North Dakota. We offer students internship opportunities in inpatient hospital and outpatient addiction treatment settings and a residential treatment center
for adolescents. Graduates who complete their internships are eligible to take the state licensure exam.
Employment outlook
Employment of addiction counselors is expected to grow faster than average for all occupations in 2020. The highest demand, 44 percent higher than average for most jobs, is expected in residential mental health and substance abuse facilities.
Is Addiction Studies right for you?
Being an addictions counselor can be extremely rewarding, but it also can be stressful. The rewards include helping clients and families improve their health, well being, and prevent future generations from experiencing similar problems. Challenges include large workloads, high demand for services, and limited resources. You may have to intervene in crisis situations and work with agitated clients; you will be taught techniques and skills necessary to cope with these situations.
Department of Addiction Studies, Psychology, and Social Work
Our faculty members are sought after for their scholarly expertise and their contributions to the community. They have both the academic training and the real world experience to provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to be an effective addictions counselor. Faculty members are involved in research related to addictions and are actively involved in state licensure and setting national standards for addiction studies education.
College of Education and Health Sciences
The College of Education and Health Sciences is internationally known for producing quality professionals and pre-professionals in education, human service and health science. Please contact us for more information. Better yet, plan a campus visit so we can arrange a tour and meet face-to-face.
Contact Information
Vicki Michels, Ph.D.
Director of Addiction Studies
Department of Addiction Studies, Psychology, and Social Work
Phone: 701-858-3594, 800-777-0750 ext. 3594
|Courses Required
Bachelor of Science with a Major in
General Education (38-40 cr)
Required Core (66 cr)
For a complete list of courses and descriptions, please go to course catalog.


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Austin Mahone: TJ Martell Foundation Family Day 2013
Austin Mahone chats with Bridgit Mendler as he arrives at the 2013 T.J. Martell Foundation Family Day held at Roseland Ballroom on Sunday afternoon (September 15) in New York City.
The 17-year-old musician hit up the stage later on to performa alongside Greyson Chance, Ed Sheeran and Emblem 3.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Austin Mahone
Earlier in the week, Austin performed for the Just Dance with Boy Meets Girl Fashion Show where he also showed off his moves backstage with Just Dance 2014.
10+ pics inside…
Posted to: Austin Mahone


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Resortlike Highland Park home with pool: $1.8 million
1014 Sheridan Road in Highland Park: $1,800,000
Listed on Feb. 12, 2016
Six-bedroom, 5 ½ bath, 5,400 square-foot home on nearly 2 acres in East Highland Park. Designed by renowned architect Stanley Tigerman, this home features a grand entryway, 35-foot vaulted skylight and a double staircase. Highlights include a large cook's kitchen overlooking the landscaped backyard with pool and a master suite with a spa bath, sitting area and custom closets. Additional features include floor-to-ceiling windows, skylights throughout, three fireplaces, an outdoor barbeque near the pool and a four-car attached, heated garage. Please note that $1,800,000 is a suggested opening bid for the home's mid-April auction.
Agent: Diana Peterson of SVN AuctionWorks, 312-756-7333


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Wordpress Plugin Developers Needed
Orçamento $10-50 USD
We need a group of expert plugin developers to build some simple new plugins with some new ideas. So only experts are invited to apply for this job because it will be a long term job and also the winner will get revenue earned from the plugins developed with our new ideas. So when you are going to place a quotation, please place the budget for one plugin and then let us know how you are going to plan this and develop. The final plugins must have some short code features and also options pages with licensing options. More details will be shared with the short listed candidates upon the signing of the NDA. Happy Bidding!
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Creative research laboratory - Lyon
Theater / Dance / Circus / Music
Laboratoire international
de création artistique – Lyon
Sunday 30 March
Pascal Quignard wrote these stories for Marie Vialle, so this marvelous actress could perform them on stage. "A man's body, a woman so old, it's too big. Snippets of life. There are two of us, me and Lam, on stage. We're seeking together. We exchange. We do it to bring peace. To calm the living. To calm the dead. To calm the dead who are clamoring inside all the living. Part poem, song, and game." Marie reprises this triumph of time alone.
Le Triomphe du temps was presented at Les Subsistances September 29–October 7, 2006.
Texte : Pascal Quignard
Mise en scène et interprète : Marie Vialle
Marie Vialle studied at École de la rue Blanche-Ensatt with Redjep Mitrovitsa, Jacques Kraemer and Aurélien Recoing from 1992 to 1994. From 1994 to 1997, she trained at the Conservatory of Dramatic Art in Paris, where she had Daniel Mesguich, Philippe Adrien and Jacques Nichet as professors. On stage, she has acted under the direction of Jean-Michel Rabeux, Jean-Louis Benoît, David Lescot, Renaud Cojo, Jean-Louis Martinelli, Julie Brochen and many others. She has also appeared in the films La Parenthèse enchantée by Michel Spinosa, Julie est amoureuse by Vincent Dietschy, as well as in films directed by Joseph Morder and Thomas Bardinet. She created her first show, Le Nom sur le bout de la langue, in 2005 at the Théâtre de la Bastille in 2005. This play was presented at Les Subsistances during the Week_End Ça Compte! in April 2006.
Sun 30 March 2014 / 16:45
> Week_End Ça Compte ! – avril 2006
> Du 29 septembre au 7 octobre 2006
> Week_End Ça Tchatche – avril 2008
> Pour le festival Parler d'ailleurs – février 2011


text:
Welcome To Aalberg Apartments
The skiing holiday for the whole family. Coming in 2017.The Aalberg Apartments will offer quality serviced apartments in Jindabyne, centrally located in the heart of Jindabyne, the gateway to the NSW Snowy Mountains. Only minutes walking distance from Lake Jindabyne. We are able to package all your holiday accommodation needs to include dinner, breakfast, mountain passes, and gear hire. So if it is good old fashioned quality accommodation in Jindabyne at an affordable price that you are looking for, try staying with us at the Aalberg Apartments in Jindabyne.
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Gourmet Cooking Camp
June 15-17 2018
Director: TBD
Chefs de jour: Gary House, Deborah Roberts
This is a new type of camp that we are offering. Two amazing cooks will guide campers through preparing different types of meals with secret recipes and techniques. Don't miss out on this fun, educational weekend where you will be inspired to stretch your culinary boundaries and skills. Feel free to bring some of your favorite recipes, and come prepared to ask cooking questions that you have always wondered about!
Registration dates and fees:
|Youth ages 5-17
|Children under 4
Super Saver (by May 15) - $87 per camper
Early Bird (by July 7) - $95 per camper
Full Cost (after July 7) - $105 per camper
Super Saver (by May 15) - $60 per camper
Early Bird (by July 7) - $65 per camper
Full Cost (after July 7) - $75 per camper
Please complete the Registration Form.
Be sure to send in your registration and health form including insurance information, allergies, medications, special needs, etc. and full payment. Or you can also register and pay online!
Campers arrive on Friday afternoon. The first meal will be dinner. The camp ends following lunch on Sunday.
Be sure to bring your own sleeping bag, pillow, two pairs of sturdy shoes, modest clothing for warm or cool weather, personal items, bug spray, flashlight, and Bible.


text: She very much reminds us of the supermodel Tyra Banks, with the long slim figure (without the D-cup breasts though!). She had never done nude modeling until she shot for us, but was not shy at all. Flashing her private parts at the airport, then masturbating for a very long time to a hard orgasm. We learn that she really does enjoy masturbating, and does it every day. She looks sexy in classy black, but even better in a bikini. Out at the pool she gets herself wet, runs around naked, and then give her body a nice creamy massage.


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Use any of these four easy methods to order from us!
Credit is available for purchase orders from public school districts and recognized educational institutions. Our terms are net 30 days; however, we realize that for some schools, approval of payment takes longer, and reasonable exceptions can be made in advance in many cases. Retail outlets, please call for policies.
We guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied with the products you order from Pacific Northwest Publishing. If, for any reason, you are not completely satisfied with a product, please return it within 30 days in salable condition for full refund, credit or exchange (less shipping fees). Please refer to our return policy for further instructions.


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Christian Bale Is Counting Calories
Let's hope he's working just as hard on his voice.
Much like he did for The Machinist, it looks as if Christian Bale has dropped a significant amount of weight to prepare for his role as a drug-addicted boxer in David O. Russell's The Fighter. While we can't help but be impressed by his dedication to his craft, we think we speak for everyone when we say that the one thing we really hope he loses is that silly, growly voice. [Just Jared]


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OnTime Enterprise 4.0 from Campbell Services provides a platform-independent alternative to the scheduling capabilities of Microsoft Outlook and Exchange and gives users remote access through a Web server. OnTime's major advantage over scheduling in Outlook and Exchange is its Web interface, which provides true platform independence. However, the program lacks other features that the Microsoft products include, such as an integrated telephone directory, email functionality, and the ability to work with third-party products (such as fax services).
OnTime in Action
When you launch the OnTime client software, you can log on to OnTime by supplying a username and password, or you can configure default settings to open the program automatically. When you have logged on, your daily planner appears. The default daily planner divides the screen into three panes: two on the left and one on the right. The right pane contains monthly calendars you can scroll through. The upper left pane contains your appointments for the current day, and the bottom left pane contains your To Do list. Users can configure the lay-out of their daily planners differently. Screen 1 shows a typical client session.
Scheduling a meeting with OnTime is simple. You can either select the New Appointment icon on the toolbar or right-click the block of time during which you want to schedule the meeting. During the scheduling process, you can invite other OnTime users to your meeting, and have the software ask them to respond to your invitation. You can also use the software to list tasks, such as making phone calls and arranging meetings, and then check off the tasks as you complete them.
OnTime's Web interface is not as sophisticated as the program's regular client software, but the Web interface provides everything you need to use OnTime from a non-Microsoft client, such as an SCO host running a Netscape Web browser. The software does not depend on ActiveX controls that would render it platform-dependent.
OnTime in Setup
For my testing, I ran Windows NT Server on a Digital Prioris HX and NT Workstation on an Acer America. Installing OnTime and setting up the software proved complex and difficult, and I spent more than 6 hours on installation before my OnTime server and clients were fully functional. When I ran setup.exe on my server, OnTime gave me the choice of installing the server software, the client software, the administration utility, or the Web interface.
Installing the server software, administration utility, and client software was not difficult. However, I found problems with the Web server component's installation. Although I provided the information OnTime asked for and selected Internet Information Server (IIS) 3.0 as my Web server, the software did not create the necessary virtual directory. I had to add this entry. In addition, OnTime's printed documentation says that the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) program that interacts with OnTime's Web interface is in your CGI-bin Web directory, but OnTime installs the program in the Otweb directory with the rest of the Web support files.
Another confusing aspect of the installation program is that the main installation menu has no Exit button. After you have installed all four components, your only choices are Back and Cancel. You can exit the installation only if you select Back--if you choose Cancel, the program tells you the installation is not complete. Campbell Services clearly needs to improve OnTime's installation program.
I don't find OnTime 4.0 to be worthwhile for most users. Exchange and Outlook offer greater functionality, and OnTime 4.0 is a mediocre product. Campbell Services claims that OnTime 4.1, which is now available, solves many of version 4.0's problems. Still, OnTime's price is comparable to the cost of implementing Exchange. Unless you specifically want to access your data remotely through the Web, you would be better off with another product.
|OnTime Enterprise 4.0
|Contact: Campbell Services * 248-559-5955, Web: http://www.ontime.com
|Price: $59 per seat (decreases as number of users increases)
|System Requirements: Windows NT 3.51 or 4.0, TCP/IP functionality 16MB of RAM, 5MB of hard disk space


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Acronym for customer information control system. A transaction processing system widely used on IBM mainframes.
From: CICS in A Dictionary of Computing »
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Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Security of Home Routines
On weekend mornings, my father would listen to old country gospel music in the kitchen while he and Mother made breakfast for us all. We children were teenagers and would sleep as late as we could. They would make a big pancake breakfast and it had such a delightful scent. It was a lovely way for us all to wake up.
Dad worked hard as a laborer. He kept a solid, predictable, calm routine in the home. We knew he would be watching westerns on Saturday afternoons. We knew he would be in the garage working on a project, or fixing the family cars. He did yard work and kept a garden. He also came home from work at the same time every day. Looking back at his life, HE was what kept things steady, no matter what was going on in our family.
Parents are like guardian angels. They are there to guide and watch over their children. But they do not get burned, or harmed, or pulled down, into their children's troubles. They are unscathed and strong. This helps build up courage in our children. This teaches them, as they mature in this life.
Our routines in the home are what keep things safe and secure. If our children (old or young) are struggling in this life, and they see Mother and Father cooking like always, or cleaning like always, or putting away the dinner dishes, like always, the children are comforted. On the other hand, if Mother and Father stop all they normally do and indulge in despair, and dwell on the trials so that it cripples the routine, the entire family is brought down.
Tonight, as I turn on the lamp light in the parlour, and sit in my favorite chair to do my Prentiss study, my children will feel a sense of security. As we finish up our evening routine and smile the smile of peace, and contented joy, despite any hidden tears, the children will feel the warmth and love of home. And they will heal from whatever harm the world has tried to cause. Somehow, home and family will prevail.
Mrs. White
Sweet Childhood Memories - Manners Learned at the Finishing School.
We Need this all Year Round - Mothers with Christmas Courage.
I'll Still be Here, When the Children are Grown - Sitting Alone at The Kitchen Table.
An Invitation - Subscribe to The Legacy of Home and have it delivered directly to your email. I would also love to have you connect with me on Facebook and Twitter!
8 comments:
- Tracey said...
oh, you are so right.. my husband is very routine driven and that is what keeps my on my path. My children are grown now, but it's wonderful to hear them speak of their childhood with fondness and peace...that we always ate dinner together, bed time stories were read, Friday nights were pizza and TGIF on television. Routine helped them to be comforted then and the memories comfort them now... you are right on target!!
- August 22, 2012 at 7:37 AM
- Mrs. Mordecai said...
Thank you for this post. It's just what I needed today. I will work harder to get more routines and predictability into my kids' lives.
- August 22, 2012 at 11:49 AM
- Karen Andreola said...
This is a lovely piece you've written giving us a picture of "home" with your traditions. I also am persuaded that good habits along with the guardian angel wings of protection are important aspects of in raising children.
I clicked onto your "parlor" reference and was delighted because I, too, have a favorite chair where it is bright enough to stitch or read, in a room, though it is little, where no TV or computer desk is set up there. I also call it the front parlor.
Karen A.
- August 22, 2012 at 12:04 PM
- Jean said...
So true!
Thank you for your faithful encouragement.
- August 22, 2012 at 12:46 PM
Thank you.
- August 22, 2012 at 10:58 PM
So true, Mrs. White. Even now as an adult I remember the family routines of my childhood and the comfort and security from them sticks with me still. I hope my own home and family routines will offer my children the same sense of security and comfort. Another great post!
- August 22, 2012 at 11:16 PM
- Sarah said...
This is very true and your description reminds me of my father. I still have younger siblings at home and my dad always comes home right on time, if not early every day. He always does the yardwork and treats my mom to her favorite drink. It is hard to notice this as a child, but thank you for pointing it out. Thankful my husband is faithful to keep to a routine.
- August 23, 2012 at 8:33 PM
- Cathy said...
So true. We can enjoy being content within our routines, and our children find security in routines.
- August 25, 2012 at 5:44 PM


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Ancient Rome Sightseeing: A Cobblestone for the Road, Shall We?
It would seem obvious that just about every cobblestone in ancient Rome is part of its patrimony, but it does bear repeating as more and more Rome tourists help themselves to a loose cobble stone or piece of mosaic they have found while wandering around sightseeing in Rome and decide its a souvenir to take home.
Ancient Romans used volcanic stone to make the cobbles for the roads that led away from the city and they date back 2,000 years. On Sunday, police in Rome put on display a vast collection of the cobblestones and artefacts that they have seized from passenger luggage in the first six months of this year. And it was quite a collection.
"They then put it in their luggage and take it home with them as a souvenir of their holiday – we have also found large milestones made from marble in suitcases that have been taken from the Appian Way."
Although the items have no real monetary value, Mr Del Greco said it was technically still theft and they are "taking away part of Rome's culture and heritage".
Mr Del Greco added that those caught were left "highly embarrassed" but were not arrested, instead they were cautioned and allowed to return home and their ancient souvenirs returned.
Umberto Broccoli, superintendent of culture for Rome city council, said: "I should warn all tourists that the city's rich heritage should not be touched. What these people do by stealing these items is show their ignorance."
"I can understand the legend and splendour that is Rome but that does not mean bits of it should be stolen by all means tourists should take as many pictures as they like but they should not help themselves to cobblestones or other items even if they appear to be discarded. If they want a souvenir of their visit then they should buy something from a shop."
So the next time you are in Rome enjoy the city, take lots of photos, but leave Rome's stones where they are. Buon viaggio!


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Acceptance Speech
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, I am honored and humbled and I must confess a little bit awestruck to be the recipient of this award.
Whatever recognition I receive is due to my family, my friends and Oklahomans whose faith and support in me through the years has made me a better Congressman and person.
As this century comes to a close, our nation and our world once again face great challenges.
I do not believe that we can approach these challenges relying on misconceptions, misinformation and misunderstanding.
I do not believe we can solve our problems by wasting time worrying about labels, liberal or conservative.
And I do not believe that we will conquer the future if we are paralyzed by fear or silence.
I believe that in a nation of immigrants whose forbearers gave up a life they knew to risk everything for a better life, qualities of leadership run deep within the American people.
I believe that to be courageous is to be guided by your own internal moral compass rather than popular decisions and madness of crowds.
All across this nation ordinary men and women are displaying those qualities of leadership.
Members of school boards are resisting pressure from extremists to control school board curriculum.
Doctors are literally risking their lives to make a woman's right to choose a meaningful choice. And some unknown public defender will give an unpopular plaintiff his or her constitutional right to a fair trial.
All across this country you can find examples of such courage. As was said of the Marines at Iwo Jima in 1944: "Uncommon valor was a common virtue."
These thousands of men and women of courage are living refutation of the belief that public office can only be held by a slavish devotion to public opinion polices. Each day these people respond without reservation to President John F. Kennedy's call when he said: "Whether we fulfilled our responsibilities to the state, our success or failure will be measured by the answers to four questions: First, were we truly men of courage? Second, were we truly men of judgment? Third, were we truly men of integrity? And finally, were we truly men of dedication?"
I believe America and, yes, the world, needs bold, dynamic leadership unafraid of the risks. Without such courageous leadership truth indeed will be snuffed out by fear and silence.
William Faulkner pointed the direction – "Never be afraid to raise your voice for honesty, and truth, and compassion against injustice and lying and greed. If people all over the world would do this, it would change the earth."
In my life, I've tried to demonstrate such resolve – to walk in my fellow man's steps before I led – to care for others before myself – and to do what is right regardless of the consequences.
Let this award serve as notice that fidelity to the truth, simply doing what is right, and courage count. For those who have chosen and those who will choose this course, thank you.
And on behalf of myself and my family, I thank you.
Remarks made by Oklahoma Congressman Michael Synar on receiving the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award, May 8, 1995.
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Flattery Can Kill – The Gospel Coalition Blog
January 4, 2012
The Gospel Coalition website posted my article entitled, "Flattery Can Kill". In this piece I share the story of my being wooed by the flattery of a church member and how it ultimately hurt the ministry: Flattery is a hidden trap for pastors, especially young men new to leadership. Pressured to grow and besieged by our own insecurities, we allow flattery to shape the way we do ministry.For one thing, flattery can feed a natural, human desire to compete with the other ministries in town. We do this in subtle ways. A few folks throwing around some hyperbolic words and suddenly we begin to think that perhaps we are preaching more biblically or with more relevance than the other evangelical congregations in town. We forget that our body of believers is but one expression of Christs body in our community.For a while we can build a loyal following based on our...Continue Reading


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Home Furnitures Sets. Tuesday , November 21st , 2017 - 20:10:36 PM
Quote from Grey Bedroom Ideas Is Perfect For Your Modern Bedroom Style :
Grey bedroom ideas may become one of the greatest ideas that may be done by those who want to make perfect bedroom through modern style. Home interior cannot be denied becomes something that is concerned more by the occupants. Among all of the rooms inside of home, bedroom may become one of the rooms that get paid attention by people. It is considered so since this room becomes one of the most vital rooms inside of their home. Perfecting the look of bedroom may not able to make your prestige gets improved, but, having perfect bedroom look is able to make your sleeping activity feels more perfect.
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Monitoring of flows or processes that continues without interruption, normally using equipment that is fitted with a recording device.
Subjects: Environmental Science.
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The costs of egg production and incubation may have a crucial effect on avian reproductive decisions, such as clutch size and the timing of reproduction. We carried out a brood–size enlargement experiment on the great tit (Parus major), in which the birds had to lay and incubate extra eggs (full costs), only incubate extra eggs (free eggs) or did not pay any extra cost (free chicks) in obtaining a larger brood. We used female fitness (half the recruits produced plus female survival) as a fitness measure because it is the female which pays the costs of egg production and incubation, and because clutch size is under female control. Female fitness decreased with increasing costs (fitness of free chicks females is higher than that of free eggs females which is higher than that of full costs females). These fitness differences were due to differences in female survival rather than in the number of recruits produced. This is the first time that the costs of egg production and incubation have been estimated using such a complete fitness measure, including, as our measure does, the local survival to the following year of both the female and her offspring. Our results emphasize that reproductive decisions cannot be understood without taking egg production and incubation costs into account.
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GRIMM 5×09 IMAGES: "Star-Crossed"
Grimm's February 12 episode will see the gang running up against an ancient Wesen ritual that definitely has no place in the 21st Century.
In "Star-Crossed" Nick (David Giuntoli), Hank (Russell Hornsby) and Wu (Reggie Lee) find themselves five steps behind a serial killer when a barbaric Wesen ritual from the distant past is resurrected in present day Portland.
To aid in the investigation, Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) goes undercover.
Meanwhile, Hadrian's Wall's war against Black Claw intensifies as Eve (Bitsie Tulloch) uses her unique skills to interrogate a suspect.
"Star-Crossed" airs Friday February 12 (09:00PM – 10:00PM) on NBC.
Catch our collection of recently released photos from the episode below.
Follow @ScreenSpy on Twitter | ScreenSpy on Facebook for more Grimm scoop and interviews.


text: Pocohaunted, now defunct, was formed by Not Not Fun founder Amanda Brown and Bethany Cosentino of Best Coast, and the Synth player and back-up singer Leyna Tilbor now records under the title Psychic Reality. Based on drum machine beats, synth-melodies, and heavily processed vocals reminiscent of bands like Appaloosa, Chassis constantly shifts genre bouncing somewhere between High Places and Mitski. From the predictably tropical-sounding "Islands" to the stream of consciousness jock jam "Bambini Art," you never know exactly what you'll get, but the album retains its identity thanks to the limited instrumentation, kinda like an electronic version of Patti Smith's "Horses." At its best, Chassis is sparse and vulnerable, especially on the Chelsea Wolf-like "Wipe Out & Call" and "Harness."


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HuiZhou Officials denied that HEG electronics use child labor and
has excessive working hours. We don't believe their statement as it is contrary to our investigation findings.
However, from the picture they released, you can see that workers are standing while they work, as we had talk about in our report. Often time, they are required to stand for more than 11 hours in the small working area. Walking around is restricted. Imagine how it is like to stand in a small working table for 10 hours a day with your movement strictly under restriction. Not to mention that most of these workers are underaged, some of them are child laborers. http://www.china.org.cn/china/2012-08/10/content_26189051.htm


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Originally posted by punisher97
reply to post by InTheLight
I'd say most people have good intentions, but are not for me to marry. Society has corrupted people into thinking that certain people are superior to others. Most people are far too judgmental.
Originally posted by punisher97
reply to post by InTheLight
Good point. I think that being judgmental in general is bad for a relationship though. Too many people will walk past somebody on the street and make fun of them for being fat, wearing old clothes, or being of a different race.
James 2: 1-4 shows how being judgmental is bad. I suppose humans will always have strict sexual preferences, but they shouldn't judge others for no good reason.
"My brothers and sisters, believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ must not show favoritism. Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in filthy old clothes also comes in. If you show special attention to the man wearing fine clothes and say, "Here's a good seat for you," but say to the poor man, "You stand there" or "Sit on the floor by my feet," have you not discriminated among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?"
I have to go to bed now. See you all tomorrow.
Originally posted by 2manyholes
reply to post by Destinyone
LOL Des, I actually read the OP twice I was so impressed with his maturity and thought provoking content. I don't believe at 15 I was that articulate, even though I thought I knew EVERYTHING.
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Welcome to the second session of our symposium on evangelicals and U.S. foreign policy. Please remember to turn off all your cell phones, BlackBerrys, and all wireless devices. You never know when Mrs. Giuliani is going to decide to call. I'd like to remind the audience that this meeting is on the record. Participants around the nation and the world are viewing this meeting via live webcast on the Council's website, CFR.org. I'm Adrian Woolridge. I'm the Washington bureau chief of The Economist. The speakers -- you have a detailed biography of all the speakers in your pack, so I'll be very brief. Richard Cizik is the vice president for Government Affairs, the National Association of Evangelicals. Eugene Rivers is the special assistant to the presiding bishop for government and policy of the Church of God and Christ. And Clyde Wilcox is professor of government at Georgetown University. So we have a great diversity. We've already, I think, to some extent, trespassed into the modern world, but we are now going to shift very much from the history of evangelicals and foreign policy to the current situation. And I wanted to start off by asking Clyde Wilcox to talk a little bit about who evangelicals are. Do they constitute a bloc? Are there significant divisions within them? Are they all characters living in double-wide trailer homes, or is that -- that's what we chaps in the press love to say that. Or perhaps it's more upward mobility. And why on earth are we talking about evangelicals in relation to foreign policy? I know we've touched on this a little bit, so can we sort of move the discussion on from what's already been said? Right. Well, this is a very diverse group of people, obviously. We're talking about Jesse Jackson, Jimmy Carter, probably Al Gore, Mike Huckabee, George Bush, Pat Robertson. Is there any foreign policy attitude that's not covered in that range of people? In terms of demographics, there are a very diverse group of people. Some do live in double-wide trailers and some live in McMansions near me. I think the really important divisions demographically would be the following: First of all, race, as was mentioned earlier; African-American evangelicals much less likely to support the war in Iraq, much less likely to support the use of military troops really anywhere in the world, also slightly more pro-Islam. And then I think there's a gender gap among evangelicals, just as there are among all parts of the population on foreign policy, with women less likely to support the war. And then I think there's a really big generation gap among evangelicals. The Christian right that we heard about in this first panel is really sort of a fading generation -- Robertson and Falwell, you know, fading from the scene; the new generation of the Richards, in a sense, of Richard Cizik and Richard Land and Rick Warren, who are a much more moderate and tolerant and open generation. I'm not sure Richard Land would associate himself with me. And then, you know, then the younger people that I interview are really very different. Many of them have gone on missions. Many have gone overseas. And so they're really very interested in what's going on in the world. And then they're different theologically, and there are many different ways to cut the theology. But I just want to point to one really important difference in terms of foreign policy, the premillennial dispensationalists versus everyone else. All right, so you have Pentecostals versus charismatics versus fundamentalists, whatever. But there's one group -- it's not a majority -- who believe that there's biblical prophecy that's being enacted right now in our lifetime. That has some very important consequences intellectually for foreign policy. For everybody else, maybe Jesus is coming a thousand years from now, 2,000 years from now, so we should change the climate. We should take care of social problems. But for the premillennialists, that's a very distinctive group. Can I just ask Gene Rivers to give a supplement on that on the Pentecostals? We keep hearing this word, Pentecostals. What does it mean, and how big of a phenomenon is it? Evangelicalism is -- and someone made the point earlier about it -- is a contested term. And it has been traditionally used as a big-tent term that was selectively employed. Pentecostals, as some of you may know, we represent a high-octane wing of the low church -- (laughter) -- given to all kinds of, you know, liturgical enthusiasm. I'll write that one down. Right. That's right -- and associated with the Azusa Street revival in 1906, when, in our view, the Holy Ghost comes down in a powerful way. And there's something actually, for us, remarkably, irresistibly fascinating in the idea that the Holy Ghost comes in an old, beat-up house in a dilapidated section of Los Angeles at a prayer meeting presided over by a one-eyed former slave. And from that point, there is this unbelievable religious renewal that affirms and celebrates the charismatic gifts of the Spirit and healing. And there are, I think, three things that were unique sociologically and historically about the phenomenon. Number one, in southern California, which is the racial South of 1906, a global phenomenon begins, presided over by someone that is less than a generation away from slavery. And what's significant sociologically, beyond the phenomenon of glossolalia, speaking in tongues, was the fact that at the height of racial segregation in the South, you have a religious experience that collapsed race and gender divisions -- 1906. And literally people from around the world hear about this revival that begins April 9th, 1906, of all races. And from that singular event, we now have, it's estimated, 600 million folk who are engaged in this high-octane religion, which John DiIulio has argued in "The Godly Republic" represents the soft power of the West. This is a fascinating idea, because all across Africa, you know, you have the political Islam. When you go to Nigeria, very quietly, with no ideological ax to grind, you have literally hundreds of thousands of Pentecostals. And this phenomenon comes in a variety of labels. I'm from the Church of God -- Let's -- I'd like to get back to both the soft power and Africa later. But let me now switch a little bit to the politics of evangelicals at the moment in foreign policy. You have a situation where you've had an evangelical in the White House who's been very widely liked in the evangelical community; got a very high proportion of his votes from evangelicals. A very high proportion of evangelicals voted for him, let me say. And the evangelical community has been much more sustained in its support for Bush than those other groups. What's happening now with the Republican Party? Do evangelicals have a champion who might replace Bush? Why are they so divided amongst -- why hasn't there emerged another Bush? Why are they so divided amongst their candidates? And does that mean that there's going to be a decline in the influence of evangelicals on foreign policy if they're divided? Which one? Well -- (inaudible). Would you like to start off by addressing the after-Bush? Thank you for your writing, first of all -- thank you -- and your understanding of religion in a world and in The Economist that doesn't always do that, by the way. But there has been a recent emphasis at the magazine which I think reflects what is going on here and what is going on in the country everywhere. It is a sense that religion and its importance is extraordinarily significant. And it wasn't Bush who really did this, unless you have that misconception. Politics always follows religion. And so Bush was simply a reflection of what was already occurring in the country. And the future will be determined by what are the changes already underway in American evangelicalism particularly because of its influence on the Republican Party. And while there isn't a single champion, as you say, there are multiple candidates for that role. It will remain to be seen whether anyone lives up to it. It's not likely that any one candidate, especially Mr. Giuliani or Mitt Romney, in my opinion, will live up to that. I suppose Huckabee poses the best prospects for playing that role. But here is the bottom line. The bottom line is that -- well, it's been said that the 21st century will be religious or it will not be at all. That was Malraux. Religious or not at all. Well, these factors, especially in politics, faith and politics, are what are going to, I think, ultimately drive even this election, believe it or not. People thought it was going to wane. It's not going to wane. The broadening of the evangelical agenda that is reflected in this document from the NAE, signed by all those names you just mentioned, the religious right instead of the religious left, for the health of the nation, I think is what is really important. So the question isn't really whom, in terms of a candidate. It's what, and what do these people believe and what do they want? Professor Wilcox -- Yeah, the one thing I'd say is that Bush, I think, has had a unique talent in talking about religion in an inclusive way. Unlike, say, Carter or Clinton, even, he very seldom talks about what his faith makes him think. He talks about how his faith makes him feel, and that's something htat unites people across faith traditions. So if you listen to him in the debates, he says I know what it feels like when people pray for me, you know? That I go to my Heavenly Father for strength. In fact, he made the famous quote where he doesn't talk to his earthly father for guidance, which was a little strange. (Scattered laughter.) But the idea that you have this inclusive, emotional language talking about faith is a very powerful thing on the campaign trail, and I think I haven't seen any of the Republican candidates doing that yet. I've seen a couple of Democratic candidates trying to do it. What's interesting for -- and I'll be more precise -- the black Pentecostal charismatic community is that Bush surprised the entire country on the issue of Africa. No one expected Bush -- no one, left, right or center -- the right wasn't even thinking about Africa right -- No one expected Bush to undertake the initiatives that were undertaken on behalf of Africa. And one of the things that -- I was talking to a number of black church leaders who are actually going to be reaching out to Bush, and what's fascinating about how subtle the policies got, the Church of God and Christ issued a statement in opposition to the Iraqi war very early. And what's fascinating about the statement that they issued is that their opposition to the war -- and these are Pentecostals, now -- was based on Catholic just-war theory. (Scattered laughter.) And they used Catholic just-war theory as the philosophic basis for their opposition to the Iraq war, which was completely at variance with where -- with the popular image of evangelicals. And they said, Mr. President, we love you on Africa. You've done great stuff. You haven't gotten credit by the liberal media. And we are in opposition to this war. We're still waiting for the WMDs -- you know, we're hanging in there, but we see no moral or intellectual justification for the conflict. We disagree with you on the affirmative action decision in the case of the University of Michigan. You got it wrong, but we love you anyway. And so I think there's a much more nuanced -- Intellectually sophisticated -- Yeah. I think there is a perception out there that Bush's policy towards Iraq and the Middle East was heavily influenced by his evangelical faith. I think that that's actually an overstatement, but -- It's led to the Africa policy where you can see the influence of religion. Adrian, let me say this. I happen to disagree to the extent that the previous panelist -- I don't know whether it was Bill or Leo or whomever -- suggested a kind of unilateralism. In fact, if you look at the Pew Forum on multilateral versus unilateralism among evangelicalism -- this was 2005, mind you. Shared leadership -- should the U.S. exercise single leadership or shared leadership of the world? The evangelicals said, 75 percent, they support shared leadership. American exceptionalism, yes, 60 percent, but should the United States mind its own business? Sixty percent of evangelicals said "disagree." And frankly, if you look at their views of the U.N. and multilateral institutions, it's split. Yeah. That's absolutely right. Yeah. It's split. It's not this old-war characterization that is a hangover from the previous generation. And so what you really have to answer what is happening in our movement is a return to what mythologists and others like Ralph Winter characterize as "first inheritance" gospel, the full-spectrum, broad issues. Not just missions, but it's changing civil society, even the law, addressing issues of war. That is first inheritance evangelicalism that was eclipsed for 40 years by second inheritance, as Winter calls it -- those who focused exclusively on personal salvation. Now, the second inheritance mentality, of course, led to some of the errors, I think, in public policy. But those are being corrected by the new agenda that includes the new evangelicals addressing climate change and the rest. I think that's absolutely right. I think there's been a very dramatic change in the views of certain sections of the evangelical community towards the United Nations and willingness to work within the United Nations. We invited him -- that is, the Antichrist himself -- that's a joke -- Ban Ki-moon. (Mild laughter.) You heard the context about "left behind" focusing on the secretary-general as that. Look, the board of the NAE heard him address, in Washington, D.C. on October 12th -- that's Ban Ki-moon -- addressed the broader-picture issues. And was there affirmation? Absolutely, for his concern for millennium development goals and the rest. So that is, I think, a result of what leadership is. When you provide leadership, I believe the people in the pews will follow, if it's consistent with evangelical theology and biblical beliefs and the rest. Adrian? I think one development that has contributed to the transformation is the evolution and maturation of some form of white evangelical intelligentsia, which is a significant development over the last 30 years. Which has to do with transformations and the evangelical college and university system. And so I think that one of the -- one of the unexplored and, you know, inadequately appreciated developments has been the emergence of a more robust intelligentsia that's trying to move out of this stereotype of sort of being an intellectual trailer park. Professor Wilcox, could you add a little bit more to that? Because I think what we have seen is the development exactly of this intelligentsia and almost of a foreign policy establishment or a group of foreign policy heavyweights who are evangelicals or very influenced by evangelical thinking, who range from James Baker to Condi Rice. Could you say something about that upward mobility, intellectually and socially, of the evangelicals? Yeah. So, you know, two generations ago, if you have said are evangelicals much less educated that the population, the answer would have been, you know, undoubtedly yes. Today, in the survey data among very oldest Americans, evangelicals are slightly less educated than everyone else. In fact, among, you know, young people 20 to 30, they're every bit as educated. They're going to good private schools. Many students coming to Georgetown, you know, to study. So it's -- the aanti-intellectualism is still part of the fundamentalist wing, but it really does not characterize the movement as a whole. I'd like people to say something about the missionary world, the sheer scale of missionary activity around the world, the sheer scale of evangelical involvement in foreign aid, and what the possible implications of that involvement are for foreign policy. Well, I'll just give you one quick figure from the last 10 years. World Vision's budget jumped, I heard from -- (inaudible) -- from 350 million (dollars) annually to 950 million (dollars). In other words, it was a huge jump, over a mere decade. That was -- the same thing that occurred in other movements within the evangelical circles. The biggest institutions, the two biggies are World Vision and Feed the Children, but you have a host of other organizations. The Salvation Army, for example, is an NAE denomination, annual budget of a billion, 300 million (dollars) from the government. But you have many, many others. And these agencies who strive to do development more than simply emergency aid nowadays are what are indeed reflecting back to their own constituents and supporters what is occurring in the world. And so look at the priorities. Paul Marshall is here and Paul has really led on religious persecution. But Paul, you would be disappointed by 37 percent saying it's a top priority amongst evangelicals. This was two years ago. What are the top priorities? Terror, 91 percent. Protecting jobs in the U.S., 87 percent. Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, 80 percent followed by reducing our dependence on energy resources, drug trafficking and the like. AIDS, 68 percent. What do you get? All the way down to human rights and religious freedom at 31 percent. But what has happened, you see, is despite in the pew, only 31 percent supporting some of that democratic human rights agenda -- what's happening is that the leadership is saying to the movement, "You have to address these other issues" -- -- "even if you don't always feel them personally, you have to. And that's how you have this change occurring. And so it's not just the document in 2004. It's the statements that have come from leaders in these denominations, churches and the like, to their own people saying, "It's a new world and you have to address it, and the old mentalities don't do." And if you ask the average pastor in America today what his number one concern is -- this from Lee Anderson, our president, is called survival. First it's called survival. That's the number one concern. But if you ask them what are there worldviews and the priorities they have, more of them will talk about international concerns and the international gospel -- the Church of Jesus Christ internationally -- than they will domestic politics. Will they retreat if they don't have a candidate? Well, we'll see. I doubt it. I really don't think evangelicals are going to sit on their hands because they don't have a George W. Bush. Why? Because they know we as a church collective have an interest in U.S. foreign policy and that's why over the last nine years, this movement that has included the NAE, the Southern Baptist Convention and other related entities have passed eight major landmark bills that were cited in part -- previously, the International Religious Freedom Act first in 1998 under Clinton, but then you have a host of these that include the Sudan Peace Act, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, the Prison Rape Elimination Act, PEPFAR -- the AIDS bill, but also the North Korea Human Rights Act, the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act -- And look at that. Here you have genocide and world hunger, global climate change -- these are all now priorities. Yet 31 percent said of these evangelicals, "We should strengthen the U.N." Thirty-one percent said -- that's a far cry from the fundamentalists of days of old. Gene, could you say something about the involvement of the black church in Africa and the On December 10th, I think it was -- 2000 -- someone can correct the date on that -- President-elect Bush held a meeting in Austin, Texas. I don't know, Richard, if you were there. There were a group of -- you know, religious leader types that showed up at this meeting in Austin, Texas. And Dilulio had just come on as the head of the faith-based office and we were flown out to Texas. We sit down and -- it's a fascinating experience for me. It -- the president does a little brief talk then he says, "Well, what are some of the concerns?" And so a hand shot up and said, "President Bush, what are you going to do in Africa? Don't want to start any trouble -- you know, and get -- you know, make this a contentious meeting but where are we on Africa?" And it was just fascinating. He said, "No, no. It's okay. That's okay. Not a problem. I'm going to make Africa a priority." And people's jaws dropped. "I'm going to make Africa a priority." And President Bush kept his word. Bishop Charles E. Blake, working very closely with John Delulio -- and black churches then began to really push in communication with Condoleeza Rice -- and I should say also and it's interesting -- we were talking about evangelical leadership, no one has yet raised the name Condoleezza Rice, who by theological definition would be an evangelical but who is not paraded out in any of the discussions which may be related to her demography -- we'll say demography, right? But Condoleezza Rice was a -- You mean because she's black. Oh, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no -- -- demography, what do you mean -- It could be -- demography also involves gender as -- Okay. Or race -- It's a gender thing here, right? (Cross talk, laughter.) Let the church say, "Amen," all right? So I think that the black churches were given -- and this is interesting. The black churches were given an opportunity to play a greater role in foreign policy discourse around the AIDS issue under a Republican administration as opposed to Democratic. We all love Bubba Clinton and -- you know, and -- you know, and that was all a very warm experience in the whole business. But one of the great ironies of the last 20 years is that Bush was better on Africa and had a closer working relationship with black churches on foreign and development policy as it related to AIDS than was the case with the Clinton administration. And it's one of the most fascinating ironies that's been sort of underexplored in this case. And so -- I agree with that. But you also have the Sudan Peace Act, which was again to Bush's credit. He took that as well. Peter Carrington, one of the grand old men of the British foreign policy establishment, once said that the trouble with science was that it was all invented after he went to school. And I think one of the troubles with evangelicals and foreign policy is most of the evangelical foreign policy was all invented after journalists of my generation went to school and formed their opinions about it. There does seem to be a seismic change in foreign policy thinking and one of the most important of those, of course, is environmentalism. And I'd like -- we're very privileged to have Richard Cizik here, who's taken a leading role in that. And I'd like you to give us some sense of what's happening in that debate and how much pushback you got from the old establishment about environmentalism and how this might feed into future foreign policy decisions -- -- given that this is likely to wind up ---- on the agenda. Look, it is now considered by evangelicals -- self-described evangelicals by the Ellison Research just recently to be a priority of 84 percent of evangelicals. What a priority? Namely a mandatory cap on greenhouse gas emissions. How do you have that? Well, some of us began speaking out in 2002. The climate initiative from the evangelicals was released in '06. This is merely '07 and I sat next to John Warner, who was on the -- who was seated next to Rabbi David Saperstein on the other side. And David said to the senator -- he said, "Senator, you shouldn't be surprised that you have evangelicals right her at this meeting." This was just three days ago. You shouldn't be surprised because then Rabbi Saperstein recounted the last ten years. And then Warner, who is now shepherding this bill with Joe Lieberman essentially after an hour-long meeting with a diverse group of religious leaders, said he would go to bat in this case for an agenda concern of ours, namely that the auction dollars that come from the cap-and-trade program that is part of this Climate Security Act that he has co- authored with Lieberman would have a healthy percentage, not just the 5 percent -- potentially even the 10 percent of those dollars going -- you see, to the international communities that suffer the most. So how did this happen? It happened because evangelicals who were out front on tsunami relief, were out front on AIDS, were out front on human rights, on -- including Darfur -- this internationalism -- the new internationalism that Nick Christoff refers to -- not being able to go to any place in the world, Mindanao or wherever, and not find the evangelical missionary movement there along the relief and development agency, it's this change you see which is even going to make the evangelicals the go-to community on climate change. When we will not be intimidated by our critics -- by the way, I say that the NAE motto is not just cooperation without compromise, it's cooperation without compromise or capitulation. And the reason I say without capitulation is because this isn't really about climate change. This is an internal debate in evangelicalism not just about who speaks for us -- not just the old guard anymore -- we will not stand for that -- but it's about the agenda and will the agenda include all these issues. And we're saying yes, this is a logical extension of this human rights campaign because climate change is the human rights issue of the 21st century. And my father's generation sat on their hands, Eugene. They -- in the south and everywhere in this country -- they sat on their hands on civil rights for black Americans and for others, and were lukewarm at times about women's rights. We will not be that way. We will not endure, I think, the everlasting shame that has come upon our movement for having behaved that way on this issue. We will not. And so look for the evangelicals to play a role in this one as well. I think a lot of what's been said so far would surprise the average French left bank intellectual. And it's all very warm and fuzzy and pleasant, but let me play the part of the French left bank intellectual for a moment. Please, please. (Laughter.) Let's hear it for the French! What about -- I won't do it in French. What about the clash of civilizations? What about the role of religion in heating up ethnic conflicts and cultural conflicts? Is religion necessarily something that is dangerous, or could it actually be used to reconcile different traditions? Can it be a cure, as well as a cause of conflict? Eugene. The clash of civilizations business -- like most things in life -- is a much more complicated discussion because it involves nuance. In Africa you have some fascinating developments. For example, one goes to Accra, Ghana -- there's very significant Muslim activity. And it has been referenced that the prosecution of Christians -- which is a real issue, because in the discourse around Muslim-Christian relations, Muslim-Western relations, frequently -- and this is something that a lot of black Christians are mentioning. Listen: We affirm the rights of all individuals in this country. Muslims should be respected. However, we also insist that if Muslims' civil rights are to be respected in the United States -- Muslims must be just as vocal to defend the human rights of Christians in Muslim nations. And one of the things that's happening in the black community is that there are some fairly candid conversations that say, look, I don't want to hear the civil rights rap about the civil rights of Muslims in the states, and then there is this deafening silence when Christians are being persecuted in Cairo; they're being persecuted all throughout North Africa and there's not one word said by Muslim leadership on the issue. In the case -- the more interesting case is Darfur where one of the things that has concerned me -- and we have challenged Muslims in the United States -- where were you Muslims on the issue of Darfur, which for us has a racial subtext, because you have folk who say they're Arabs, right, persecuting black people. So that has a particular way that it plays in the United States among black people who also happen to be Christians. So I think that there is a new discussion. I think that -- and I agree with you, Leo. Pentecostalism, in particular, which is a subset of evangelicalism, which is sort of interesting, because as the numbers of Pentecostals grow and evangelicals, you know, sort of wiggle to figure out how they can claim -- right? Because this is a funny kind of definitional -- a contested category, right? I mean, I say, I'm glad to be told that I am an evangelical now. Forty years ago I was a Pentecostal who was viewed very differently. But now that we're successful and we're sort of the big dog, right, we've been invited into the shrinking camp. So I'm flattered that I've been invited to be at the table. (Laughter.) The Pentecostals were always at the center of the NAE. In fact, in 1945 the American Dictionary of Churches in America didn't include anything other than the AOG. The Assemblies of God -- Well, but see -- the Assemblies -- that's white Pentacostals -- That's a segregationist claim of the Church of God. No, no, that's an important point. You know, that's an important point. And I don't condemn --