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Scientific Publications in English
Title - Author Reference - Abstract
Dynamic similarity in solar chimney modeling
Solar Energy, Volume 81, Issue 12, December 2007, Pages 1439-1446
Atit Koonsrisuk, Tawit Chitsomboon
Dimension less variables are proposed to guide the experimental study of flow in a small-scale solar chimney: a solar power plant for generating electricity. Water and air are the two working fluids chosen for the modeling study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology is employed to obtain results that are used to prove the similarity of the proposed dimensionless variables. The study shows that air is more suitable than water to be the working fluid in a small-scale solar chimney model. Analyses of the results from CFD show that the models are dynamically similar to the prototype as suggested by the proposed dimensionless variables.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Dimensional analysis
3. Engineering interpretation
4. Similarity requirements
5. CFD modeling
6. Results and discussion
7. Conclusion
2007 Gregor Czisch, Gregor Giebel : Realisable Scenarios for a Future Electricity Supply based 100% on Renewable Energies
PDF Document of 0.4Mo
2007 Reinhard Harte, Gideon P.A.G. Van Zijl: Structural stability of concrete wind turbines and solar chimney towers exposed to dynamic wind action
PDF Document of 0.9Mo
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 95, Issues 9-11, October 2007, Pages 1079-1096
Apart from burning classical fossil resources or generating nuclear power, alternatives have been developed, like the classical ways to capture energy from wind, water and sun, or the innovative solar chimney concept.
The paper presents some structural aspects of classical wind energy turbines, like their high-cycle dynamic loading and reaction as well as their fatigue behaviour. Actual research results concerning pre-stressed concrete tower constructions for wind turbines will be focused on. For the solar chimney concept the structural challenges concerning wind action, eigenfrequencies, stiffening and shape optimization with special focus on the inlet guide vanes will be discussed. Both classical wind turbines and the innovative solar chimney concept may successfully contribute to the future energy supply in Southern Africa.
Article Outline
1. Classical wind turbines
1.1. Development of wind energy
1.2. Structural challenges
1.3. High-cycle excitation
1.4. Fatigue
1.5. Progressive damages and structural response
2. The innovative solar chimney concept
2.1. Idea
2.2. Wind profile
2.3. Structural integrity
2.4. Wind pressure
2.5. Substructure design
3. Conclusions
2007 Reuel Shinnar, Francesco Citro: Solar thermal energy: The forgotten energy source
PDF Document of 0.4Mo
Technology in Society, Volume 29, Issue 3, August 2007, Pages 261-270
Solar thermal (ST) energy, using trough solar collectors, can be an environmentally friendly and economically competitive electric source for any part of the world (such as the USA) that includes large desert areas. Competitive ST involves trough solar collectors, which concentrate solar rays onto a flowing liquid able to sustain very high temperatures (800°F) without exerting significant vapor pressure or decomposing. This allows the solar energy to be used to raise steam and drive turbines of electricity-generating plants directly, or to be harvested and stored as sensible heat in large underground ponds. The stored portion of the energy can be used instantaneously to meet variable power needs. This technology has been amply demonstrated by a 354 MWe modular plant (consisting of 9 ST units) that has been running in the Mojave Desert for the past 20 years. For intermediate loads (50% of the US electricity requirement) ST energy is already competitive with any new power plant, including old-fashioned coal power plants equipped with scrubbers. ST energy, using trough solar collectors, can become a major technical, financial, and political development.
2007 T.P. Fluri, T.W. von Backström: Comparison of modelling approaches and layouts for solar chimney turbines
PDF Document of 0.4Mo
2007 André G. Ferreira, Cristiana B. Maia, Marcio F.B. Cortez, Ramón M. Valle: Technical feasibility assessment of a solar chimney for food drying
PDF Document of 0.7Mo
2007 Guillermo Zaragoza, Martin Buchholz, Patrick Jochum, Jerónimo Pérez-Parra: Watergy project: Towards a rational use of water in greenhouse agriculture and sustainable architecture
PDF Document of 0.4Mo
Desalination, Volume 211, Issues 1-3, 10 June 2007, Pages 296-303
Watergy project is funded by the European Communitys Vth Framework in its Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development programme. It consists of the development of a humid air solar collector system that follows the principle of a closed two phase thermosyphon. A combination of evaporation and condensation allows to use solar thermal energy in a much more efficient way. The main advantage is not only the reduction of costs in space cooling and heating, but the possibility of water purification, as the system can be fed with low quality water to obtain distilled water. The decentralization of heat and water supply opens the possibility of residential areas where greenhouses fed with low quality water (grey water and brackish water) could be used to produce distilled water as well as heat and fruits. The project contemplates the development of two prototypes: one application for arid climates in Southern Europe with an emphasis on water production in the context of greenhouse horticulture, and another for temperate Central European climate focused on heat and water production for sustainable architecture.
2007 Xinping Zhou, Jiakuan Yang, Bo Xiao, Guoxiang Hou: Simulation of a pilot solar chimney thermal power generating equipment
PDF Document of 0.3Mo
Renewable Energy, Volume 32, Issue 10, August 2007, Pages 1637-1644
A pilot experimental solar chimney thermal power generating equipment was set up in China. A simulation study was carried out to investigate the performance of the power generating system based on a developed mathematical model. The simulated power outputs in steady state were obtained for different global solar radiation intensity, collector area and chimney height. By intercomparison, it is found that the simulated power outputs are basically in agreement with the results calculated with the measurements, which validates the mathematical model of the solar chimney thermal power generating system. Furthermore, based on the simulation and the specific construction costs at a specific site, the optimum combination of chimney and collector dimensions can be selected for a required electric power output.
Experimental study of temperature field in a solar chimney power setup
Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 27, Issues 11-12, August 2007, Pages 2044-2050
Xinping Zhou
, Jiakuan Yang, Bo Xiao, Guoxiang Hou
A pilot experimental solar chimney power setup consisted of an air collector 10 m in diameter and an 8 m tall chimney has been built. The temperature distribution in the solar chimney power setup was measured. Temperature difference between the collector outlet and the ambient usually can reach 24.1 °C, which generates the driving force of airflow in the setup. This is the greenhouse effect produced in the solar collector. It is found that air temperature inversion appears in the latter chimney after sunrise both on a cool day and on a warm day. Air temperature inversion is formed by the increase of solar radiation from the minimum and clears up some time later when the absorber bed is heated to an enough high temperature to make airflow break through the temperature inversion layer and flow through the chimney outlet.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Experimental procedure
2.1. Building of a pilot setup
2.2. Measuring the temperature distribution
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Temperature field
3.2. Daily variation
4. Conclusion
2007 Ming Tingzhen, Liu Wei, Xu Guoling, Xiong Yanbin, Guan Xuhu, Pan Yuan: Numerical simulation of the solar chimney power plant systems coupled with turbine
PDF Document of 0.7Mo
Simulation of a pilot solar chimney thermal power generating equipment
Renewable Energy, Volume 32, Issue 10, August 2007, Pages 1637-1644
Xinping Zhou
, Jiakuan Yang, Bo Xiao, Guoxiang Hou
A pilot experimental solar chimney thermal power generating equipment was set up in China. A simulation study was carried out to investigate the performance of the power generating system based on a developed mathematical model. The simulated power outputs in steady state were obtained for different global solar radiation intensity, collector area and chimney height. By intercomparison, it is found that the simulated power outputs are basically in agreement with the results calculated with the measurements, which validates the mathematical model of the solar chimney thermal power generating system. Furthermore, based on the simulation and the specific construction costs at a specific site, the optimum combination of chimney and collector dimensions can be selected for a required electric power output.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Experimental equipment
3. Mathematical model
4. Results and discussions
5. Conclusion
(2007 ?)
Structural System and Conceptual Model Test of Solar Chimney
Xingqiang Zhang, Xingfei Yuan and Limin Li
Space Structures Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Keywords: solar chimney, high-rise structure, structural system, conceptual model, prestress.
The solar chimney power station is a renewable energy system consisting of solar collector, wind turbine, and chimney. To improve the efficiency of energy generation, the higher chimney is the better. Considering the difference between the solar chimney and the traditional high-rise structure, the study on the chimney from the structural point of view is produced in this paper. The existing and planed chimneys are first introduced. Then the solar chimney is classified according to material, structural system, and constraint condition. Followed that, prestress technology is applied to improve the structural behavior. On this basis, conceptual models of three different structural systems are designed, and the performance of the models tested under the horizontal force to show the effect of stayed cable and spokewise cable.
Scientific Publications in Chinese
Research of the optimization on the geometric dimensions of the solar chimney power plant systems
【作者】 彭维; 明廷臻; 刘伟; 许国良;
【Author】 Peng Wei~1
Ming Tingzhen
~2 Liu Wei~2 Xu Guoliang~2
(1 Departement of Power and Energy, Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Wuhan 430050, China;
2 College of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 730074, China)
【机构】 武汉船舶职业技术学院动力系; 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院; 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院 湖北武汉430050; 湖北武汉430074;
【摘要】 基于相对压力概念,构建了太阳能热气流发电系统新数学模型,并对西班牙太阳能热气流电站模型进行数值模拟,分析了其流场和温度场,并据此对原始模型进行优化.计算结果表明:通过对发电系统集热棚出口和烟囱进口的局部流道进行优化,使烟囱进口处局部流速增大约14%,温度场更加均匀,相对压力减小约50%,提高了系统做功能力和能量转换效率,同时减少系统能量损失.数值模拟结果为太阳能热气流发电系统的设计和应用提供理论依据. 更多还原
Based on the concept of relative static pressure, a new mathematical model has been set up to analyze the solar chimney power plant systems. Using the solar chimney prototype in Spain as a practical example, the numerical studies are performed to explore a betterment model according to the velocity, pressure and temperature profiles. The simulation results show that, by optimizing the local geometric dimensions between the collector outlet and the chimney inlet, the local velocity at this place increases by 14%, the temperature profiles are more uniform, and the relative static pressure decreases about 50%, which will improve the ability of energy conversion of the system and reduce the energy losses. The results present a guidance to design a large-scale solar chimney power plant.
【关键词】 太阳能热气流发电系统; 相对压力; 透平; 集热棚; 能量转换效率;
【Key words】 solar chimney power plant systems; relative static pressure; turbine; collector; energy conversion efficiency;
【基金】 教育部重点基金资助项目(104127)
【文献出处】 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nature Science Edition), 编辑部邮箱 , 2007年01期
Thermal-physical model and analysis of the collector of the solar chimney
【作者】 卢峰; 张华; 姚秀平; 黄惠兰;
【Author】 LU Feng, ZHANG Hua, YAO Xiu-ping, HUANG Hui-lan (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
【机构】 上海理工大学; 上海理工大学 上海200093; 上海200093;
【摘要】 集热器是太阳能热风发电系统的重要组成部分。文章建立了集热器的热物理模型,分析了集热器各部分的传热过程和集热器效率的计算方法。介绍了集热器热损失的求解方法,即利用热阻法求解和根据经验公式求解。 更多还原
The collector is a substantial component of the solar chimney. The thermal-physical model of the collector is established, and the heat transfer processes of the three components of the collector are analyzed. The calculation of the efficiency of the collector is also analyzed. The heat loss and the efficiency are calculated for the particular example.
【关键词】 集热器; 传热过程; 集热器效率;
【Key words】 solar collector; heat transfer; efficiency of collector;
【文献出处】 可再生能源, Renewable Energy Resources, 编辑部邮箱 , 2007年02期
The design of slope hot airflow electricity generating system
【作者】 王娟; 施玉川; 黄国华;
【Author】 WANG Juan SHI Yu-chuan HUANG Guo-hua
(School of Science, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China)
【机构】 西安交通大学理学院太阳能研究所; 西安交通大学理学院太阳能研究所 陕西西安710049; 陕西西安710049;
【摘要】 分析了斜坡式热气流太阳能发电的可行性,介绍了斜坡式热气流发电的组成及基本原理。根据依山而建斜坡式热气流发电系统的思想,设计了一个高4m、宽1.5 m的试验模型。 用有机玻璃做透明盖板材料;用铁板代替山体,在其后面设置了用于调控温度的电阻丝700 W/m2。 阐述了确定该试验模型各部分比例和结构参数的依据。 对设计的试验模型进行了评价:与传统的塔式发电模型相比,该模型具有集热效率高、造价低的优点。 更多还原
In this paper, the feasibility of a slope solar energy power plant is discussed. Then, the principle and the composing of the slope hot airflow electricity generating system are introduced. Based on the thought of the slope hot air flow system built on the top of the hill, a 4-meters high and 1.5-meters wide experimental-model is designed. The material of the transparent cover is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which has a high transmittance. The iron plate is used as the hill body with a line of 700 W resistance wires to control the temperature of the collector. At last, the designed experimental model is evaluated and the comparison between the traditional chimney model and the slope chimney model is made. It shows that this experimental model has the merits of decreasing the cost and enhancing the efficiency of the system.
【关键词】 斜坡; 热气流发电; 烟囱; 集热棚;
【Key words】 slope; solar energy electricity generating; chimney; collector;
【基金】 国家自然科学基金资助项目(50506025)
【文献出处】 可再生能源, Renewable Energy Resources, 编辑部邮箱 , 2007年06期
Experimental device setup for solar chimney collector
【作者】 张华; 张静敏; 黄惠兰; 卢峰;
【Author】 ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Jing-min, HUANG Hui-lan, LU Feng
(College of Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
【机构】 上海理工大学动力工程学院; 上海理工大学动力工程学院 上海200093; 上海200093;
【摘要】 根据太阳能热风发电系统集热器的抽象试验研究模型,研制了该系统的空气集热器试验装置,设计了该装置的集热器箱体、太阳能辐射模拟装置、流量和温度测量系统、辐射强度测量系统以及数据采集系统.利用研究装置进行了变太阳辐射强度、变空气流量以及环境温度对空气集热器的热量影响实验,初步试验验证装置的可行性. 更多还原
The experimental device for solar chimney collector was set up by the way of simplification of the practical solar chimney collector. The experimental device includes the collector trunk, the simulant of solar radiation, the measuring systems of air flow rate and temperature and the data acquisition system. All parts were introduced briefly and some experiments have been done. Temperature differences between the inlet and outlet of the collector and collector efficiency under the conditions of variable solar radiation, air flow rate and ambinent temperature were obtained. The preliminary experiments verify the feasibility of the setup.
【关键词】 太阳能热风发电; 集热器; 试验装置;
【Key words】 solar chimney generating electric; collector; experimental device;
【文献出处】 上海理工大学学报, Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 编辑部邮箱 , 2007年04期
Analysis of the structure reliability of the super-high solar chimney
【作者】 卫军; 谈颋; 周锡武; 张晓霞;
【Author】 WEI Jun, TAN Ting, ZHOU Xi-wu, ZHANG Xiao-xia
(School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074,China)
【机构】 华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院; 华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院 湖北武汉430074; 湖北武汉430074;
【摘要】 太阳能热气流发电是实现大规模开发和利用太阳能的一种新途径。首先采用钢筋混凝土结构的强度分析方法,推导出平截面假定。在分别考虑自重和风荷载的情况下得到超高烟囱混凝土受压破坏状态方程。然后考虑荷载效应,选取钢筋混凝土材料的强度、容重以及标准风压作为基本随机变量和100 a为设计基准期。最后以1000 m超高烟囱为例, 采用蒙特卡罗方法结合MATLAB编程计算出底部直径、壁厚、配筋率和混凝土强度对可靠度指标的影响。 更多还原
Solar chimney electricity is a brand-new way to realize large-scale utilization of solar energy. Firstly in this paper, the plane-section assumption equation of the chimney is applied according to the reinforced concrete strength theory, for the dead weight and the wind load are considered separately to deduce the concrete compressive failure equation. And the ultimate limit state function is established according to combination of these two load. Secondly the standard wind pressure, material strength and concrete density are selected as the main stochastic variables with a 100-year design lifetime. Finally MATLAB programs are set up to calculate a series of structure reliability of a 1000m-example chimney according to the Monte Carlo method, the influence of different bottom diameters, different wall thickness and different steel ratios are indicated.
【关键词】 太阳能发电; 超高烟囱; 结构可靠度; 蒙特卡罗法;
【Key words】 solar chimney electricity; super high chimney; structure reliability; Monte Carlo method;
【文献出处】 广州城市职业学院学报, Journal of Guangzhou City Polytechnic, 编辑部邮箱 , 2007年03期
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text:
Wed 10 Nov 2010
Employee Benefit Trust trading plan
The Company announces that it has today received notification from Praxis Trustees Limited, which administers the Panmure Gordon & Co. plc No.2 Employee Benefit Trust ("EBT"), that in the period running from 1 November 2010 to 31 April 2011 the EBT will, subject to the conditions noted below, instruct Panmure Gordon (UK) Limited as broker to acquire ordinary shares of 4p each in the Company for the EBT.
Purchases will be limited to no more than 100,000 ordinary shares in any single calendar month and the maximum price paid per ordinary share shall be no more than 110 per cent of the middle market quotation of the Company's shares on the first business day of the calendar month in which the shares are purchased. While the Company is within a close period, neither the Company nor the EBT will attempt to terminate the trading plan which has now been entered into. The EBT has absolute discretion and independence in respect of all trading decisions it may make in respect of the purchase of ordinary shares pursuant to the trading plan.
Any purchases made by the EBT will be announced to the market at the appropriate time.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Carphone Warehouse will be stocking the BlackBerry Storm 2 as powered by Vodafone, an eagle eyed tech fiend has spotted.
The picture, posted to Twitpic via a friend based in Newquay, shows a placement card for the yet to be officially announced handset in a Carphone Warehouse store with the words:
"I'm not on display, please ask a sales consultant for a demonstration".
RIM, the company behind the BlackBerry range, has yet to confirm when the new Storm 2 will be out although his picture suggests it won't be long.
Earlier in the Summer, spy pictures of the handset showed up in Germany running on the Vodafone network.
Although not confirmed in this set of images, previous rumours have suggested the phone will get a 3.2-megapixel camera, HSDPA, a 360 × 480 resolution capacitive touchscreen and OS version 5.0.
Vodafone announced the BlackBerry Storm at the beginning of October in 2008 giving it plenty of time to sell to would be Christmas shoppers looking to treat themselves.


text: A family favourite with an original and fun twist: this easy brown bread ice cream is sure to be a hit with kids and adults alike! Using ready-made vanilla ice cream creates an easy spin on this classic recipe that turns day-old bread into something wonderful. Using a food processor or blender, blitz the bread into fine crumbs. Melt the butter in a large frying pan set over a low-medium heat and add the sugars and the breadcrumbs, stirring well to coat. Cook for about 10 mins, stirring frequently so that the crumbs don't catch, until the mixture is deeply golden and caramelised. Set aside to cool completely, stirring now and then to break the crumbs up. When the mixture is cool, put the ice cream in the fridge to soften for 10-15 mins and chill a large mixing bowl. Using the chilled bowl and a spatula, fold the breadcrumbs into the ice cream then spoon back into the ice cream container, cover and freeze for 2 hrs or overnight to firm the ice cream up before serving with fresh, seasonal fruit. See more #EvenBetter recipes


text:
Thursday, July 31, 2014
1) That this near 100-year-old (1917-2014) conflict has been around sufficiently long enough for people to have no excuse whatever for not 'getting' it.
2) That, if it is not already abundantly obvious, from, say, the widespread use of the term 'Israeli settlers', that we are dealing here with a genocidal, settler-colonial/apartheid problem - ie colonisers/ colonised, land thieves/dispossessed - a little honest inquiry (as in reading one or two reputable books) on the part of anyone with half a brain would clarify the matter.
3) That common decency demands support for the colonised, not the coloniser.
4) And lastly, that if you've been living under a rock all your life, and know nothing about the issue, then opening your mouth on it is only going to expose you for the ignoramus you are.
Why am I spelling this out now? Because it was painfully obvious, after watching Monday night's Q & A, which led with questions on Israel's latest bloodletting in Gaza, that none of the panelists had a clue what the conflict was really all about:
Senator Barnaby Joyce (NP):
"... if they haven't sorted it out in the last 4,000 years I don't think we're going to do it at Senate Estimates..."
Wrong, of course. Palestine's travails date back to 1917 when the British (who had no right to do so) promised Palestine (which belonged to the Arabs who were living there at the time) to a bunch of European Jews (who had no right whatsoever to it - then or now). Prior to 1917 there was no Palestine problem until Britain created one.
"If you want to start picking who started the fight in the pub, you will always come unstuck."
Pub brawls may be the cultural highlight of Barnaby's patch, but they have SWFA to do with settler-colonial situations.
Mark Butler (ALP) Shadow Minister for Environment & Climate Change:
"... as someone who has watched this area for many, many years, who has placed a lot of faith in the Israeli Left's capacity to drive internal pressure for the peace process..."
Butler's having us all on. If he's really been holding a candle for what he calls the 'Israeli Left' all these years, then he knows SWFA about Zionist colonialism and apartheid. Did his kind spend any time in the 80s looking for Afrikaaner apartheid's left wing? Rhetorical question, of course.
Louise Adler, publisher:
"It was a platitude to say there's sort of justice on both sides. I find it very hard."
Settler-colonialism doesn't work that way. It's inherently genocidal, and hence unjust by definition. The Palestinians are absolutely the blameless victims of Britain's imposition on them of a fanatical, exclusivist, European colonising movement.
David Suchet, actor (Hercule Poirot):
"... political debates about who owns what piece of land and it breaks my heart... fighting and killing and shooting weapons at each other..."
Well, what can I say? I see no evidence here of Poirot's "little grey cells" in action.
Madonna King, journalist & author:
"Yeah, what he said really. I mean, I think, yeah... there is wrong on both sides and I wouldn't have a clue where you start with that..."
3 comments:
- Father Dave said...
Well said, brother. I can't bring myself to watch Q&A so I'm glad to know that I didn't miss anything.
- August 2, 2014 at 12:23 AM
Why don't we see Fighting Father Dave interviewed on the so called 'mainstream' media?
Are they too afraid of even a little truth and first hand experience?
Instead we are force fed constant wall to wall Zionism. Same old drivel from the same old talking heads. Boring.
- August 2, 2014 at 9:15 AM
I disagree that 'Palestine's travails date back to 1917'.
Intent is an important factor in any crime,
At law there are two elements to consider;
the guilty mind and the guilty act.
Mens rea and actus reus [ if my memory of the Latin is correct]
Therefore, Palestine's travails date back at least to the first Zionist congress in Basle, Switzerland, in 1897. It was decided at this conclave of thieves for the 'establishment for the Jewish people [sic]
of a home in Palestine secured by public law'. This is the intent to disposes the Palestinians of their country and this process continues today.
The guilty acts are ongoing.
- August 2, 2014 at 10:19 AM


text:
To celebrate we've tracked down some fun sunglasses facts for your enjoyment!
- Polar bears have built in sunglasses! They have a third eye that helps them filter UV light!
- Every 14 seconds in the United States someone loses, breaks or sits on a pair of sunglasses.
- Elton John is rumored to have more than 1,000 pairs of sunglasses - that's a lot of eyewear!
- Ray Ban created the wayfarer and aviator styles in the 1950s - these are still the two most popular styles over 60 years later.
- Ray Ban originally created aviators for pilots to cut down on glare at high altitudes.
- Every 90 seconds someone buys a pair of sunglasses on ebay.
- The first pair of sunglasses was sold in 1929 by Foster Grants on the Atlantic City Boardwalk
- The most expensive pair of sunglasses to be sold in an online auction were non other than The King's shades - Elvis Presley's sunglasses, worn at the Madison Square Garden performance in 1972, sold on ebay for a whopping $250,000.
- In 1936, the first pair of polarized sunglasses was designed by Edwin H. Land who used his Polaroid filter to help him create lenses.
- Most importantly, sunglasses protect your eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and reduce eyestrain in bright conditions.
What kind of sunglasses will you flaunt tomorrow?
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Old Girls' Association
The Bishop's Hatfield Old Girls' Association (BHOGA) was re-formed on 29 September 1990. We are a lively and friendly group of ex-pupils and ex-teachers who would be delighted to welcome you to our organisation.
We publish an annual newsletter with news of old girls and staff, arrange reunions and provide a speaker for Prize-Day each December.
The Association is self-supporting. The cost of subscription is £20 for 5 years' membership.
Our funds are used to purchase gifts for the school and to assist current pupils.
The school is also always keen to get expertise from former pupils who are willing to pass on their advice on particular careers or university courses.
If you would like to join the Old Girls' Association, the application form is below. We can also be contacted on: firstname.lastname@example.com .


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There are many approaches to roasting a chicken. While each method aspires to crisp skin and juicy meat, some require a lot of time and fuss. Not this one:
Get the recipe.
A rub adds flavor by tucking herbs or spices under the skin. A pan sauce builds on the flavorful drippings that collect during roasting. Both turn a chicken into a meal with endless possibilities.


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Figures produced by a Twitter activist which claim over 120,000 voters who backed Brexit in the June referendum have now died have been hailed and even celebrated by left wing news outlets.
Basing his figures on projected demographic change within the voting population, as well as changes based on a "Brexit regret" survey and the voting attitudes of new expat electors, architect and pro-EU twitter user Steve Lawrence claimed earlier this month that were the referendum to be held again, remain would triumph.
While the majority of the shift he claims is based on so-called Brexit regret, news outlets including the Independent's social-media focused arm i100 and ShortList have leapt on the claimed deaths of Brexit supporters as a cause for celebration. Praising the claims of Mr. Lawrence as "the lord's work", ShortList referred to the number of estimated dead leave voters as "one of the most fun aspects" and suggested that remain voters would be "comforted by the news that only six months on… they're already falling faster than pound sterling".
Shortlist writer Tristran Cross gleefully spins a narrative of dead Brits, writing:
Imagine them, shuffling into the voting booth, coughing and wheezing, barely enough blood left in their brain to fuel their xenophobic thoughts, dragging their ailing, shaking hand over the slip, carving a feint 'X' into the box marked 'Leave', feeling like they'd finally got control back, then immediately dropping dead.
One other datapoint used in the estimation is the voting intentions of the approximately one and a quarter million British expats who have been living abroad for more than fifteen years but are to be granted a vote in future British elections. While Mr. Lawrence speculates the majority would vote for the UK to remain in the European Union, he identifies 260,000 expatriates who would vote for Brexit.
For these individuals ShortList expressed particular scorn, stating: "Frankly, I hope that all the 123,411 Leave voters that Steve has predicted dead exclusively belonged to this group", while i100 reports "The dead hand of the past is upon us all".
The largest shift estimated by Lawrence in his Tweets is based on an internet survey which asked respondents a range of questions including whether they regretted their vote in the EU referendum. Yet as the British Election Study itself admits, the margin of regret is "consistent" with the general election, and there is a natural predisposition among humans to regret something that did, rather than didn't happen.
Whether the results of an internet study would be borne out in an actual referendum re-run, especially given the inability of pollsters to accurately predict the referendum, is hard to assess. And in any case, it is also impossible to know how many people would have regretted their vote had the poll gone the other way.
Between unreliable polling and the deaths of their fellow countrymen, it is likely remoaner voters excited by a seemingly profound tweet by a political activist architect have little to celebrate.


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The best way to keep up to date with Royal Navy Rugby League
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US Sports Ground Burnaby Road Portsmouth Hants PO1 2EJ View with Google Maps
This website is part of the Pitchero Rugby League network. Create your own free Rugby League club website with Pitchero.
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Pitch Hero Ltd Registered in ENGLAND | WF3 1DR | Company Number - 636 1033


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Unique Holiday Activities Include Christmas Costumes, Thousands In Go Cash Giveaways And Double Game Currency During Holiday Weekends.
Posted on: Dec 22, 2009
Manga Fighter Review: Hey, Isn't that Pedobear!?
Manga Fighter revolves around the story of two kids Ken and Hana who accidentally stumbled into the world of Pangaea, a world of toys. They found out that if they want to return to Earth they would need to collect essences found throughout Pangaea and that they would have to battle against toys to get it.
Posted on: Jul 31, 2009
Manga Fighter Interview: Fun, Crazy Combat
In a game that centers around cute characters beating each other senseless with various weapons you would find it hard to think that a game like this would suffer problems especially when it comes to the population.
Posted on: Jul 02, 2009
Manga Fighter to break the barrier between paying and non-paying players
Posted on: Mar 09, 2009
Manga Fighter Interview
Posted on: Dec 18, 2007


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Number-crunching comics sales: units are the thing, not dollars
Activate cartwheels. The North American comics industry has crawled out of the hole it's been in to raise estimated profits of $715 million, the best it's been since 1993 or 1994, according to cautiously optimistic numbers analyst John Jackson Miller.
But hold on. We haven't quite recovered from the mid-'90s crash quite yet.
While a number of sites are running with the two-decade comparison, it's not quite as clear cut, or as celebratory as it might suggest.
Miller himself notes the '93 and '94 figures aren't adjusted for inflation, and he added an update to his original post that went into this more. "The most frequently cited figure for sales in 1993, the market's all-time peak, is $850 million," he writes. "That amounts to an inflation-adjusted $1.35 million, nearly double the size of the current market." Once you add in increased cover prices and other factors, Miller notes, "we're still quite a lot behind the early 1990s in adjusted dollars."
Miller also briefly touches on something I've long thought, that to truly measure the health of the industry, we should be making more comparisons based on units, not dollars. Sure, it's awesome to make money, and I realize it's pretty standard in business to focus on the dollars, but just looking at a stack of money doesn't really tell the whole story of how that money came to be. How many people are putting money into the industry? The most accurate way to do it would be to know how many eyeballs are reading each issue, but that would probably break some privacy laws or get into 1984 territory. So knowing how many copies are sold is the next best thing. This information is available for more recent sales records, but whenever we get to these year-end analyses or compare year-to-year figures, we usually focus on the dollar amount. But by just considering inflation alone, that's just not an accurate gauge.
1993 was the year the speculator boom peaked. From what we know of historical sales figures, it was our best year. Unit sales in the six-figure range was the norm then, some were hitting the millions. But the plummeting crash was just around the corner. Today, our comic book stores can barely sell more than 100,000 copies of 10 titles a month. Most sell copies in the five figures. When a comic sells more than 200,000 copies, it's time for a parade. Still, it's a mild improvement from the late '90s and early 2000s, when breaking 100,000 was a struggle.
Yes, things are getting better. But better doesn't mean all better. We're definitely headed in the right direction, with more opportunities and more channels for more units to be moved than ever in the history of the industry. We also have greater variety and higher quality than ever before. But even with comic stores, newsstands, subscriptions, book stores, libraries and digital platforms offering a number of genres and formats, looking at units sold tells us we're still reaching less people than we were 20 years ago. The good news is that because of these outlets and diversity of content, we're probably reaching a greater variety of readers, and probably with a greater ratio of readers to collectors (meaning less people buying up multiple copies to re-sell later). That's informed speculation but I don't think it's a risky guess.
DC's New 52 was striving to recapture the lapsed readers from 20 years ago, but based on Todd Allen's analysis, that just isn't happening in significant numbers. All publishers need to make greater efforts to reach not only those lapsed readers, but those who have never read comics or are just learning to read. Some are, some aren't.
What focusing on units tells us is that there aren't as many people buying comics despite higher cover prices bringing in more dollars than ever before. This is hardly revolutionary, but it puts hard numbers behind casual observations. It sets a more definitive bar and removes the fluctuating guess-work and sliding scale of inflation. 100,000 copies will always equal 100,000 copies no matter the year.
Maybe comics are doing enough things right that we'll see a real comparison to 1993 numbers in another five years or so. Maybe it's just a matter of time. I hope so. But we can always improve how we analyze our progress.
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Cloud computing is emerging as a promising paradigm capable of providing a flexible, dynamic, resilient and cost effective infrastructure for both academic and business environments. It aims at raising the level of abstraction of physical resources toward a "user-centric" perspective, focused on the concept of service as the elementary unit for building any application. All the cloud's resources, both physical/hardware and logical/abstract (software, data, etc) are therefore considered "as a service" and so all cloud's design and implementation choices follow a "service oriented" philosophy.
Cloud is actually a real, operating and effective solution in commercial and business context, offering computing resources and services for renting, accessed through the Web according to a client-server paradigm regulated by specific SLA. In fact, several commercial solutions and infrastructure providers make business on Cloud, such as Amazon EC2 and S3 IBM's Blue Cloud, Sun Network.com, Microsoft Azure Services Platform, and so on.
Recently cloud computing has been quickly and widely spreading in open contexts such as scientific, academic and social communities, due to the increasing demand of computing resources required by their users. For example, there are several research activities and projects on Cloud, such as Nimbus, Eucalyptus, OpenNEbula, Reservoir, OpenCyrrus, OCCI, etc., aimed at implementing their open infrastructure providing a specific middleware.
Among the reasons behind the success of cloud, outside of the potential for lower costs, there are other considerations, including the user-centric interface that acts as a unique, user friendly, point of access for users' needs and requirements; on-demand service provisioning; the QoS guaranteed offer, and the autonomous system for managing hardware, software and data transparently to users [10].
But, on the other hand, there are different open problems in cloud infrastructures that inhibit their use mainly concerning information security (confidentiality and integrity), trustiness, interoperability, reliability, availability and other QoS requirements specified in the SLA, etc., only partially addressed or sometimes still uncovered. Besides, several organizations made important investments in grid and similar distributed infrastructures over the last several years: what to do with these? Discard or reuse? How to reuse?
Moreover, the rise of the "techno-utility complex" and the corresponding increase of computing resources demand, in some cases growing dramatically faster than Moore's Law as predicted by the Sun CTO Greg Papadopoulos in the red shift theory for IT [6], could bring, in a close future, towards an oligarchy, a lobby or a trust of few big companies controlling the whole computing resources market.
To avoid such pessimistic but achievable scenario, we suggest to address the problem in a different way: instead of building costly private data centers that Google CEO Eric Schmidt likes to compare to the prohibitively expensive cyclotrons [4], we propose a more "democratic" form of cloud computing, in which the computing resources of a single user, company, and/or community accessing the cloud can be shared with the others, in order to contribute to the elaboration of complex problems.
In order to implement such idea, a possible source of inspiration could be the volunteer computing paradigm. Volunteer computing (also called Peer-to-Peer computing, Global computing or public computing) uses computers volunteered by their owners, as a source of computing power and storage to provide distributed scientific computing [3]. The key idea of volunteer computing is to harvest the idle time of Internet connected computers which may be widely distributed across the world, to run a very large and distributed application [5]. It is behind the "@home" philosophy of sharing/donating network connected resources for supporting distributed scientific computing.
Thus, the core idea of such project is to implement a volunteer cloud, an infrastructure built on resources voluntarily shared (for free or by charge) by their owners or administrators, following a volunteer computing approach, and provided to users through a cloud interface, i.e. QoS guaranteed-on demand services. Since this new paradigm merges volunteer and cloud computing goals, has been named [email protected] It can be considered as a generalization and a maturation of the @home philosophy, knocking down the (hardware and software) barriers of volunteer computing, also allowing to share more general services. In this new paradigm, the user resources/data center are not only passive interface to cloud services, but they can interact (for free or by charge) with one or more clouds, that therefore must be able to interoperate.
The [email protected] paradigm could be also applied to commercial clouds, establishing an open computing-utility market where users can both buy and sell their services. Since the computing power can be described by a "long-tailed" distribution, in which a high-amplitude population (cloud providers and commercial data centers) is followed by a low-amplitude population (small data centers and private users) which gradually "tails off" asymptotically, [email protected] can catch the Long Tail effect [2], providing similar or higher computing capabilities than commercial providers' data centers, by grouping small computing resources from many single contributors.
We therefore believe that the [email protected] paradigm is applicable also at lower scales, from the single contributing user, that shares his/her desktop, to research groups, public administrations, social communities, small and medium enterprises, which make available their distributed computing resources to the cloud. Both free sharing and pay-per-use models can be adopted in such scenarios. It could be a good way to reconvert the investments made on grid computing and similar distributed infrastructures into cloud computing.
[email protected] Goals
The [email protected] paradigm is inspired by the volunteer computing one. The latter is born for supporting the philosophy of open public computing, implementing an open distributed environment in which resources (not services as in the cloud) can be shared. Volunteer computing is behind the "@home" philosophy of sharing/donating network connected resources for supporting distributed scientific computing. On the other hand, [email protected] can be considered as the enhancement of the grid-utility vision of cloud computing. In this new paradigm, user's hosts are not passive interface to cloud services anymore, but they can interact (for free or by charge) with other clouds.
The scenario we prefigure is composed of several coexisting and interoperable clouds. Open clouds identify groups of shared resources and services operating for free volunteer computing; commercial clouds characterize entities or companies selling their computing resources for business; hybrid clouds can both sell or give for free their services. Both open and hybrid clouds can interoperate with any other cloud, also commercial ones, making of clouds' federations. In this way an open market of computing resources could be established: a private cloud, in case requires computing resources, buy these from third parties; otherwise, it can sell or give for free its resources to the others.
Figure 1: [email protected] Reference Scenario
Fig. 1 above depicts the [email protected] reference scenario, identified different stakeholder characterized by their role: consuming and/or contributing. Arrows outgoing from the Cloud represent consuming resources, from which a [email protected] client submits its requests; otherwise, arrows incoming to the cloud represent contributing resources providing their services to [email protected] clients. Therefore, infrastructure providers, datacenters, grids, clusters, servers, till desktops and mobile devices can both contribute and consume.
In fact, we believe that the [email protected] paradigm is widely applicable, from research groups, public administrations, social communities, SMEs, which make available their distributed computing resources to the cloud until, potentially, the single contributing user, that autonomously decide to share his/her resources.
According to the [email protected] vision, all the users can be, at the same time or in different moments, both clients and active parts of the computing and storage infrastructure. A straightforward application of this concept to the world of mobile devices is not so much useful, because of the limited computing power and storage capacity that are available on such nodes. Still, the opportunity of an active participation of the mobile nodes to the cloud services can be devised if we start considering as resources, not only computing and storage, but also the peculiar and commonly available peripherals/sensors available on mobile phones (e.g., camera, GPS, microphone, accelerometer, ..) or other devices such as the nodes of a sensor network.
If we consider these hardware resources as a mean for acquiring context-related information, an interesting and useful new class of cloud applications can be designed. In the category of context information we can also include the personal information that is available on the device, since it helps to characterize the situation and attributes of the application execution. In other words [email protected], besides virtualizing the computing and storage resources, aims at virtualizing also the sensing infrastructure. Such infrastructure, consistently with the other functionalities, has to be accessed as a service (sensor as a service, SEAAS).
According to this perspective, in Fig. 1 mobile devices are considered as both contributing and consuming resources, since they can provide their sensors to [email protected] and/or they can access the Cloud for submitting their requests as common clients, respectively.
The project framework will be based on a [email protected] software system which provides readily available functionality in the areas of directory/information services, security and management of resources. In order to implement such a form of computing the following issues should be taken into consideration: Resources management; User interface; security, accounting, identity management; virtualization; interoperability among heterogeneous clouds; as well as business models, billing, QoS and SLA management.
Figure 2
A possible rationalization of the tasks and the functionalities the [email protected] middleware has to implement can be performed by considering the layered view shown in Fig. 2 above. Three separated layers are there identified in order to apply a separation of concerns and therefore to improve the middleware development process. These are:
The Frontend Layer that globally manages resources and services (coordination, discovery, enrollment), implements the user interface for accessing the Cloud (ensuring security reliability and interoperability), and provides QoS and business models and policies management facilities.
The Virtual Layer that implements a homogeneous view of the distributed cloud system offered to the higher frontend layer (and therefore to users) in form of two main basic services: the execution service that allows to set up a virtual machine, and the storage service that implements a distributed storage cloud to store data and files as a remote disk, locally mounted or accessed via Web. Virtual sensors provide the access points to the sensing infrastructure. The access is characterized by abstraction and independence from the actual sensing process and equipment.
The bottom Physical Layer that provides both the physical resources for elaborating the requests and the software for locally managing such resources. It is composed of a "cloud" of generic nodes and/or devices geographically distributed across the Internet.
Application Scenarios for [email protected]
Several possible application scenarios can be imagined for [email protected]:
Research Centers, Public Administrations, Communities – the Volunteer computing inspiration of [email protected] provides means for the creation of open, interoperable Clouds for supporting scientific purposes, overcoming the portability and compatibility problems highlighted by the @home projects. Similar benefits could be experienced in public administrations and open communities (social network, peer-to-peer, gaming, etc). Through [email protected] it could be possible to implement resources and services management policies with QoS requirements (characterizing the scientific project importance) and specifications (QoS classification of resources and services available). A new deal for volunteer computing, since this latter does not take into consideration QoS, following a best effort approach.
Enterprise Settings – Planting a [email protected] computing infrastructure in business-commercial environments can bring considerable benefits, especially in small and medium but also in big enterprises. It could be possible to implement own data center with local, existing, off the shelf, resources: usually in every enterprise there exists a capital of stand-alone computing resources dedicated to a specific task (office automation, monitoring, designing and so on). Since such resources are only (partially) used in office hours, by Internet connecting them altogether it becomes possible to build up a [email protected] data center, in which users allocate shared services (web server, file server, archive, database, etc) without any compatibility constraints or problems.
The interoperability among clouds allows to buy computing resources from commercial cloud providers if needed or, otherwise, to sell the local cloud computing resources to the same or different providers. This allows to reduce and optimize business costs according to QoS/SLA policies, improving performances and reliability. For example, this paradigm allows to deal with peaks or burst of workload: data centers could be sized for managing the medium case and worst cases (peaks) could be managed by buying computing resources from cloud providers. Moreover, [email protected] drives towards a resources rationalization: all the business processes can be securely managed by web, allocating resources and services where needed. In particular this fact can improve marketing and trading (E-commerce), making available to sellers and customers a lot of customizable services. The interoperability could also point out another scenario, in which private companies buy computing resources in order to resell them (subcontractors).
Ad-hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, and Home Automation – The cloud computing approach, in which both software and computing resources are owned and managed by service providers, eases the programmers' efforts in facing the device heterogeneity problems. Mobile application designers should start to consider that their applications, besides to be usable on a small device, will need to interact with the cloud. Service discovery, brokering, and reliability are important issues, and services are usually designed to interoperate [1]. In order to consider the arising consequences related to the access of mobile users to service-oriented grid architecture, researchers have proposed new concepts such as the one of a mobile dynamic virtual organization [9]. New distributed infrastructures have been designed to facilitate the extension of clouds to the wireless edge of the Internet. Among them, the mobile service clouds enables dynamic instantiation, composition, configuration, and reconfiguration of services on an overlay network to support mobile computing [7].
A still open research issue is whether or not a mobile device should be considered as a service provider of the cloud itself. The use of modern mobile terminals such as smart-phones not just as Web service requestors, but also as mobile hosts that can themselves offer services in a true mobile peer-to-peer setting is also discussed in [8]. Context aware operations involving control and monitoring, data sharing, synchronization, etc, could be implemented and exposed as [email protected] Web services involving wireless and Bluetooth devices, laptop, Ipod, cellphone, household appliances, and so on. [email protected] could be a way for implementing ubiquitous and pervasive computing: many computational devices and systems can be engaged simultaneously for performing ordinary activities, and may not necessarily be aware that they are doing so.
About the Authors
Dr. Salvatore Distefano received the master's degree in computer science engineering from the University of Catania in October 2001. In 2006, he received the PhD degree on "Advanced Technologies for the Information Engineering" from the University of Messina.
His research interests include performance evalua- tion, parallel and distributed computing, software engineering, and reliability techniques. During his research activity, he participated in the
development of the WebSPN and the ArgoPerformance tools. He has been involved in several national and international research projects. At this time, he is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Messina.
Dr. Antonio Puliafito is a full professor of computer engineering at the University of Messina, Italy. His interests include parallel and distributed systems, networking, wireless, and GRID com- puting. He was a referee for the European Community for the projects of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Program. He has contributed to the development of the software tools WebSPN, MAP, and ArgoPerformance.
He is a coauthor (with R. Sahner and K.S. Trivedi)of the text Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems: An Example-Based Approach Using the SHARPE Software Package (Kluwer Academic Publishers). He is the vice president of Consorzio Cometa, which is currently managing the Sicilian grid infrastructure.
Note: This work has been partially supported by MIUR through the "Programma di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale 2008" (PRIN 2008) under grant no. 2008PXNBFZ "[email protected]: a new enhanced computing paradigm".
[1] The Programmable Web. http://www.programmableweb.com/.
[2] Chris Anderson. The Long Tail: How Endless Choice Is Creating Unlimited Demand. Random House Business Books, July 2006.
[3] David P. Anderson and Gilles Fedak. The computational and storage potential of volunteer computing. In CCGRID '06, pages 73–80.
[4] Stephen Baker. Google and the Wisdom of Clouds. BusinessWeek, (December 24 2008), Dec. 2008. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07 52/b4064048925836.htm.
[5] G. Fedak, C. Germain, V. Neri, and F. Cappello. Xtremweb: a generic global computing system. Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2001. Proceedings. First IEEE/ACM International Symposium on, pages 582–587, 2001.
[6] Richard Martin. The Red Shift Theory. InformationWeek, (August 20 2007), Aug. 2007. http://www.informationweek.com/news/hardware/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201800873.
[7] F. A. Samimi, P. K. McKinley, and S. M. Sadjadi. Mobile service clouds: A self-managing infrastructure for autonomic mobile computing services. In LCNS 3996, pages 130–141. Springer-Verlang, 2006.
[8] Satish Narayana Srirama, Matthias Jarke, and Wolfgang Prinz. Mobile web service provisioning. In AICT-ICIW '06: Proceedings of the Advanced Int'l Conference on Telecommunications and Int'l Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, page 120, Washington, DC, USA, 2006. IEEE Computer Society.
[9] M. Waldburger and B. Stiller. "toward the mobile grid:service provisioning in a mobile dynamic virtual organization". In IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, pages 579–583, 2006.
[10] Lizhe Wang, Jie Tao, Marcel Kunze, Alvaro Canales Castellanos, David Kramer, and Wolfgang Karl. Scientific Cloud Computing: Early Definition and Experience. In HPCC '08, pages 825–830.


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This story has been updated
POUGHKEEPSIE, N.Y. -- Two people are dead following a car crash that closed the Mid-Hudson Bridge early Wednesday, according to authorities.
The bridge reopened just as the morning commute ended.
The crash took place on the Ulster County (west) side of the span at approximately 2:30 a.m. between Route 9 and Route 9W North.
Check back to Daily Voice for updates.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text: New Aerohive Connect offers affordable, enterprise-grade Wi-Fi solution06 Feb 2017 04:41 PM Product is designed to meet the needs of SMEs, hospitality and retail customers who want a simpler entry-level, but enterprise-class Wi-Fi solution, which can be seamlessly upgraded to the more advance Select offering, as James Atkinson reportsAerohive Networks has introduced an affordable, entry-level Wi-Fi solution with reduced price access points and a simplified version of the HiveManager cloud-based management platform. Aerohive Connect will offer enterprise quality connectivity and centralised management starting at $229 per access point.As part of the new Connect offering, Aerohive has also announced the launch of the AP122, a new enterprise-grade 802.11ac access point. Aerohive Connect and the AP122 are available immediately. Aerohive will showcase these new solutions at Aerohive's customer webinar: '5 Reasons You Have Been Overpaying for Your Wi-Fi', on 28 February 2017. Aerohive is looking to disrupt the market with Connect by delivering cloud-managed connectivity to customers starting at the price of $229 for the AP122, and $299 for the AP130, one of Aerohive's best-selling access points, which was previously priced at $599.Aerohive Connect includes the same access point technology used in Aerohive's largest and most demanding deployments, as well as HiveManager Connect, a simplified version of Aerohive's cloud-based network management.It also offers access to Aerohive's customer support, and an easy path to upgrade to Aerohive's full suite of features, deployment options, and support (Aerohive Select), all for the per-AP price of $229 or $299. Speaking to Wireless, Mark Powley VP EMEA at Aerohive said: 'What Aerohive is delivering on with Connect is what the market has been seeking for some time – a compelling cost point on hardware allied with a simplified version of our HiveManager enterprise.Seamless upgrade path'HiveManager is a zero cost platform you have for the life of your hardware and if you start with Connect but later want to upgrade to access the other advanced features you can just purchase an entitlement key software license, which will give you access to the full HiveManager Select management platform.'He continued: 'To implement Select, all it takes is just six clicks and you can upgrade to the fully featured platform. It is a completely seamless way of upgrading and no one else offers that simplified migration upgrade path in the market at the moment.'Commenting on the target customers for the Connect product, Abby Strong, Senior Director of Product Management at Aerohive, said: 'We see a couple of different opportunities in terms of the target audience for Connect. There are some customers who just want simple enterprise connectivity and do not need a sophisticated solution. They want something with less complexity, or with less training required, and which can be managed by a small IT team.'We believe there are two major categories here: SMEs; and sectors like hospitality and retail. All they really want is the ability to see who is connecting. They don't need to see what apps are running or what the users are doing. So, Connect is really focused on providing an attractive price and doing a few things really well for these kinds of customers.'New customer opportunityPowley added: 'Connect takes us to a new set of customers who have different levels of entry requirement. They do not need a sophisticated technology solution. What they want is a compelling price and no overheads in terms of managing the Wi-Fi system.'The flipside for these kinds of customer is that the entrepreneurial side of the sales channel can build its own services platform and offering for their customer base. Connect allows customers to dip their toe in the water, but without the need to change out access points or buy new firmware.'Strong pointed out that Aerohive uses the same chipsets, management system and enterprise quality connectivity solutions across its portfolio with the cloud housing the main features customers need.'We offer two APs for the Connect solution,' explained Strong. 'The new AP122, which is more about providing coverage, along with BLE and USB; and the already available AP130, our top seller in the 802.11.ac portfolio, which is specifically designed for high density environments, such a class rooms where you might have 40 pupils all access the same thing at the same time.'Compelling cost pointPowley added: 'The pricing level is a change of direction for us. We are offering lower cost hardware, but the value is in the systems, applications and products. The hardware is getting commoditised, so we are reacting to that.'But this is not a bad thing,' he continued, 'as it opens new doors to new customers without punishing existing ones. We know people have been looking for an entry level Wi-Fi solution, but we have not had the granularity in the product to be able to offer the lower cost version until now.'We know the channel is saying: this is what we want, but we must have the same enterprise quality of hardware, the same enterprise class radio, and then the channel can add the services,' said Powley.Strong concurred: 'With Aerohive Connect customers do still get enterprise quality connectivity, but if they need more it is a seamless upgrade path to Aerohive Select. We think it puts more value into our software.'The customer may say: I don't need those features right now, as I don't have the use case for them. But we can go back to them when they do and they can upgrade seamlessly. They can do that without having to replace the hardware or the firmware on the APs either.'Select includes additional capabilities, such as advanced security and troubleshooting tools, support for BYOD programmes, increased network visibility, more enterprise support options, and the ability to deploy HiveManager on-premises or in a private cloud. For a comparison between Connect and Select see graphic below.Mix and match APs She pointed out that one of Aerohive's core differentiators is the ability to mix and match APs. If you buy an 802.11ac Wave 1 product now, but want to upgrade to Wave 2, or at some point in the future to 802.11ax, you can still manage all of them from the same HiveManager platform.'You can manage a mixed fleet if you have different types of APs in different geographic locations or in different part of your building where you have different connectivity requirements to meet.'We have seen competitors offer an SME solution, but there is always some form of disruption from complete rip and replace to changes in controllers or firmware. With Aerohive you just add the entitlement key and off you go,' said Strong.Benefits of Aerohive Connect:• Reduced Cost – dramatically lower purchase prices than comparable Cisco and HP solutions, as well as a self-optimising and self-healing architecture that keeps ongoing costs down without compromising quality.• Six-Click Configuration – step-by-step-guided configuration and intuitive management that lets customers build enterprise-level connectivity configurations in six clicks.• Simplified Cloud Management – ongoing operation of even the largest networks from a single point of management using Aerohive's leading cloud networking platform. HiveManager Connect is perfectly designed for simpler networks and connectivity-oriented use cases.• Effortless Scale – the ability to scale from one to thousands of access points with a single architecture. Aerohive is the only vendor that uses the same architecture to support all customers, from the smallest organisations to the largest.• High Quality Support – HiveCare Connect Support with access to the HiveCare Connect Community, a forum-based interactive support community, online tools and resources, and email support.• Seamless Upgrade Path – ability to upgrade to Aerohive's highest levels of functionality and support with no need to touch already deployed access points.AP122 and AP130 access pointsThe new AP122 is a 2x2 MIMO, dual radio 802.11ac access point designed for coverage-focused environments, as well as IoT and location-based services. The AP122 supports two spatial streams and has built-in BLE and USB to accommodate beacons and other IoT devices.The AP130 access point is a 2x2, 2 spatial streams, 802.11ac access point. Advanced software features and simplified management offer a cost-optimised solution that allows for high-speed 802.11ac Wi-Fi in every office or environment.Running Aerohive's HiveOS coupled with Aerohive's distributed Cooperative Control protocols, the AP130 provides a cost-effective WLAN solution for mid-to-high-density environments.Aerohive Connect and Select comparison chart James Atkinson EditorLinkedIn |Google + |Email Leave a CommentPlease write code to prove you're humanMore on... Wi-Fi GeneralXirrus Wi-Fi deployed in London's St Pancras StationQualcomm unveils next gen 802.11ax Wi-Fi portfolioRuckus and Wifirst to provide Wi-Fi solution to hotels and campsitesMore on... AerohiveAberdeenshire Council deploys Aerohive W-Fi across schools estate Aerohive deploys Wi-Fi in next gen Auckland shopping centreEnterpriseQuortus and Expeto announce PaaS virtual LTE networks for enterprisesZinwave DAS tackles not-spots at Sky UK's headquartersMWC17: Nokia to create private mobile networks for vertical industries Latest in Wi-FiXirrus Wi-Fi deployed in London's St Pancras StationQualcomm unveils next gen 802.11ax Wi-Fi portfolioRuckus and Wifirst to provide Wi-Fi solution to hotels and campsites


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Jacob & Barbara ace, Strunk, Everett
I received the pension files for Elijah Strunk. I have been trying to find out the name of his birth parents.
The mystery of Elijah is that he used the surname ACE for 20 years, switching back to Strunk in the 1920's. The reason is he lived with the John Ace family of Middle Smithfield Twp.Pa. John Ace can be found on the census record 1860 John 47, Elizabeth 17, John 5/12, Elijah Strunk 11. Since Elijah did not know his date of birth and the dept of interior decided in 1914 that his date of birth would be 8 Sep. 1845. His birth age in 1860 would be 15, I figured more like 14. When he joined the Civil war he would have been 18. John Ace's wife Elizabeth her age 17 in more like 20. In 1880 Barrett Twp., Monroe co., Pa. we find John Ace 67, Elizabeth 34, John 11, Aura ? 13, Sarah 4, William H. 6, Hannah 3.They lived 1 house over from Elijah & Barbara Strunk.In one of Elijah letter to the war Dept he tells them his father was Benjamin Strunk and his mother Betsy Ace, and when he was about 1 1/2 he lived with John Ace, Later he tells them he was 6 or 8 when he moved in with John Ace.
So, who is the Benjamin Strunk that married the Betsy/Elizabeth Ace ? Elijah insists he was born in Middle Smithfield Twp. Why did Elijah live with John Ace? If Elijah is correct in saying his mother was Betsy Ace, john could have been taking in his sisters child. If Elijah & Elizabeth were sister & brother, and there father died (Benjamin) Elizabeth could have decide to marry John Ace and Elijah came along with the package. Face facts what was a 20 year old female with out parents and a little brother going to in the 1850's ?There was not a large age difference between Elijah and John Ace wife Elizabeth abt 6 years. So I am not considering her as his mother, but I could consider her as his sister. I have to say that would be rather weird John Ace marrying his niece, but not unheard of. She could have been from a different Ace line, or maybe Betsy Ace Strunk was not her mother.Since Elijah was not very educated, he could have confused, John Ace's wf Elizabeth as the wf. of Benjamin Strunk. This is probable, because he didn't know who his mother was. It is also possible that John Ace was married before. In 1850 census M. Smithfield Twp. I find a John Ace 36, Margaret 38, Caty Ann 15, Henry Ace 26. Living next to them Joseph 23, Margaret 23, Mary 1. The interesting thing about this is next to the Ace family is Jacob Everet. The reason I think this is the correct John Ace is because Elijah Strunk married Barbara Everett. Jacob Everet is not her father but could be her grand father. Jacob Everet's wf. name was Barbary.
So there you have it folks. I am open for any comments or suggestions. I am looking for any one who has a loose Benjamin Strunk d. abt 1845-1847 ? that is if Elijah is right in that he was about 1 1/2 years of age when he went to live with John Ace.
I am checking the Orphan Ct. Records next.
Thanks Lily Kintner


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More than 600 wins on the football field. Two NFL linemen. A state gold in boys soccer and three individual golds in track & field are just some of the highlights from Coughlin's long sports tradition.
Golden boys
Almost 20 years have gone by and the 1997 Coughlin boys soccer team remains the standard in the Wyoming Valley Conference.
Led by Chin Orih, the Crusaders became the first and only WVC school to win a PIAA Championship in boys soccer. The Crusaders (24-1) were so good that USA Today ranked them seventh in the country.
The Crusaders, who were coached by Barry Trievel, dominated in the regular season, losing only to Dallas.
Coughlin won WVC and District 2 championships.
Following a 4-3 double overtime win over Cumberland Valley that was decided after two rounds of a shootout, Coughlin defeated Erie Cathedral Prep in the highest-scoring state soccer final in PIAA history: a 9-5 victory in two overtimes.
The Crusaders trailed three times in the final and sent the game into overtime on Orih's goal with 5:34 remaining in regulation, tying the score at 5.
Overtime that year featured two 10-minute overtime periods, no matter what the score, and the Crusaders dominated in OT. Gene Burke, a senior forward, scored what proved to be the game winner two minutes into overtime.
Burke scored a hat trick in the state final, while sophomore mid Dan Mentrikowski had two goals and an assist.
All four defenders — Paul Murphy, David DePolo, Dominic Berrini and Matt Trievel — were 6 feet 1 inch or taller. Sophomore goalkeeper Joe Barger, who recorded 11 shutouts throughout the year, made 14 saves in the state championship game.
Trievel was named the Coach of the Year by the National Federation of Interscholastic Coaches.
Track champions
During a three-year stretch at the turn of this decade, Coughlin was a mainstay at the top of the state medal podium in girls hurdling.
From 2010-12, the Crusaders boasted four Class AAA state medals in hurdles events. Shelley Black won gold in the 100 and 300 hurdles as a junior in 2010, repeating in the 100 meters the following year. Dannah Hayward brought the 300 hurdles championship back to Coughlin in 2012. Black dominated District 2 throughout her entire Crusaders career. She made D2 history right away — and only got better.
She won the 100 hurdles as a freshman when she tied a 26-year-old D2 record, in 14.94 seconds. She swept the hurdles with a 300-meter title; at the state championships, a 45.09-second run earned her sixth place.
Black was just getting started.
As a sophomore, the future Penn State athlete broke the district 100 and 300 hurdles and triple jump records (she took fifth in the 300 hurdles at states).
Her junior-year postseason was even more historic. At districts, Black broke hurdles, long jump and triple jump records; at states, she won both hurdles championships (in 13.79 and 43.23 seconds) and placed seventh in the triple jump.
Black went out in style as a senior, breaking her two D2 hurdles and long jump records one more time. In her final meet with Coughlin, at states, she took gold in the 100 hurdles (13.83), silver in the 300 hurdles and fourth in the long jump.
Three of her district records — in the 100 hurdles (14.11 seconds), 300 hurdles (42.8 seconds) and triple jump (37-foot-11) still stand.
All the while, Hayward provided a solid 1-2 punch for the Crusaders.
Hayward won D2 medals in both hurdles events during all of her four seasons for Coughlin. As a junior, she finished second to only the graduating Black in the two events, and placed sixth at states in the 300.
It was Hayward's time to shine her senior year.
She took D2 gold in the 300 hurdles (44.4 seconds) and silver in the 100 hurdles (15.73 seconds). At states, Hayward won the 300 in 43.37 seconds, ending her Coughlin career on a golden note.
Hayward moved on to become a school record holder at Saint Joseph's, closing an era of Crusaders dominance.
Silver lining
The 1980 Coughlin baseball team coached by Bob Corba played with their backs against the wall in the PIAA tournament.
Following a loss to Valley View in the District 2 championship game, the Crusaders entered the double elimination PIAA playoffs as the second seed.
Pennsbury beat Coughlin 5-2 in the opener, sending the Crusaders to the elimination bracket, where one slip up would end their season.
The Crusaders kept their season alive with two wins the next day. They rallied to beat Bedford and then beat Blackhawk thanks to a complete-game effort from junior Mark Kropiewnicki.
Against Muhlenberg, Joe Phillips, who had not pitched all season, threw a two-hitter. The Crusaders added wins over defending state champion State College and North Penn heading into the elimination bracket final against Whitehall.
Kropiewnicki pitched a one-hitter to send Coughlin to the title game against undefeated Shaler.
In the end, Coughlin, which won six straight games, came up short. Shaler's Wayne Schucker, a draft pick of the Chicago White Sox, pitched a two-hitter. One of those hits was a two-run home run by Phillips.
Key players included Mike Obeid, Joe Murray, Pat Flaherty and George Hall.
Silver medalists
Historically, coach Colleen Wood has run one of the strongest field hockey programs in the talent-rich Wyoming Valley Conference.
But prior to nabbing District 2 championships three of the last four years, the Coughlin Crusaders in 2004 got the closest they have been to winning state gold.
The Crusaders ultimately lost the PIAA Class AAA championship 4-0 to powerhouse Emmaus, but not before embarking on a magical run that included several milestone wins.
Starting Nov. 3, Coughlin held off Wyoming Valley West 2-1, for the District 2 Class AAA championship at Lake-Lehman. That victory ended a 24-year district title drought for Coughlin.
Days later, Heather Susek scored twice and paced Coughlin in its 2-0 win against Souderton. That was the program's first-ever state playoff win.
The Crusaders' outstanding defensive effort carried into the quarterfinal round, where goalkeeper Stephanie Wysocki faced 15 shots on goal and Coughlin beat Neshaminy 2-1. Randi Segear scored the game-winner with less than 12 minutes remaining.
"Our kids really had to work on defense," Wood said at the time. "They showed they can hang with the best."
Wysocki's epic run in goal continued with a 13-save performance in the state semifinals, where Coughlin eliminated Wissahickon 2-0 and advanced to the state championship.
"Our school is decorated for us. We're having pep rallies and pasta parties. It's so exciting," said forward Jessica Musto. "I thought we were going to have a hard time winning districts and now we're going for a state title."
Musto was one of four senior co-captains, joined by Kristen Watlock, Sarah O'Donnell and Lindsay Smith. Nicole Savage, Katie Parsnik, Alison Popielarski and Lauren Susek were some other major contributors.
In the state final, Coughlin was overpowered by Emmaus, the winningest Class AAA team in Pennsylvania history, and finished its season 17-4-1.
"We gave a great effort and unfortunately there wasn't much more we could have done," Musto said. "We're the first team in Coughlin history to make it this far and that in itself is great. We're happy that we got here."
Coughlin has kept up its high level of play.
The Crusaders have won seven district championships since 2004.
On Thanksgiving Day in 1966, longtime rivals Kingston and Coughlin collided for the Wyoming Valley championship.
More than 10,000 fans packed into Kingston's stadium to witness Joe Moran's 8-0-1 Coughlin team take on Jim Fennell's 9-0-0 Kingston Huskies.
Tom and Joe Duffy, Dave Connell, Rich and Chuck Chulada, Ed Langdon, John McGraw, John Clark, Joe and Jim Blaum, Bill Krywicki, Bill Hilburt, P.J. O'Donnell, Tyrone McMullins, George Spunar, Jim Keating, Bill Bierbach, Mike Lowery and Charlie Anstette were the stars of the Coughlin team.
Coughlin led 20-6 at halftime and Kingston rallied to make it a game.
A Skipp Gross to Tom Jones touchdown made it 20-19 late in the game.
Kingston went for a tie, but the pass was broken up by McMullins, who had three interceptions in the game.
In 1979, Coughlin was the premier team in the WVC. Led by future NFL linemen Ron Solt and Bruce Kozerski, running back Dave Shimshock, defensive back Mike Obeid, linebacker George Hall, quarterback Steve Salitt, kicker TJ Jasonis and defensive end Todd Eachus; the Crusaders took an 11-0 record into the Eastern Conference playoffs.
In the EC opener, Shimshock ran 30 times for 159 yards and the Coughlin defense picked off three passes in a 17-15 win over Shikellamy.
With the victory, Coughlin advanced to the Eastern Conference title game to play Big 11 champion Scranton Central.
Unfortunately, the Crusaders championship run ended with a 19-6 loss.
In the game, Shimshock eclipsed 2,000 yards for the season and finished the year with 2,068 yards.
Steve Bennett, Matt Bufano, Jim Reeser and Eric Shultz contributed to this report.


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Marlowe Heywood-Thornes
'The Great Stream' is the title of one of Pat Martino's originals, first recorded on the album Live! back in 1972, yet even today this title is an excellent metaphor for the guitarist's fearless and formidable playing. Performing for two nights in a row in an organ trio at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, Soho earlier last week, Martino's lines were densely rich in tone, the melodies fluid and winding.
Martino grew up in Philadelphia, PA, a musical melting pot where many jazz greats began their journey, such as John Coltrane, McCoy Tyner, Stan Getz, Philly Joe Jones and Benny Golson, among others. That's some company to keep, so perhaps it's of little surprise that he emerged as one of the most exciting guitar players in the 1960s, having already developed a mature style by the age of 20 when he signed to the Prestige record label.
As he kicked off his second night at Ronnie's with the pile-driving groover 'Lean Years', it was clear that Martino has lost none of his talent for furious, daring improvisations, or hard-swinging grooves. In fact, his playing was a beautiful consolidation of all the ideas and motifs that mark the highpoints of his influential career. This was also reflected in the choice of tunes, which mostly comprised classic standards that were brought together by the sheer power of Martino's musical identity.
A slow but swinging take on 'Alone Together'came up second and was followed immediately – before anyone had time to breathe – by a feverish 'Twisted Blues'. Martino laid down one blazing line after another, progressing into octaves á la Wes Montgomery (which was bound to happen on one of Wes' tunes), while drummer Carmen Intorré pushed the beat forward with inexorable drive. It must be said that as a whole, the trio were very well-matched. Martino's excellent choice of sidemen was made evident by the thoughtful communication and sense of fun shared between Martino, top organist Pat Bianchi and Carmen Intorré Jr. Bianchi was a great foil for the leader, almost stealing the show several times with his high-energy solos. He really pushed it as he took his lines outside of the changes on the Jack McDuff tribute 'McTuff', where Intorré was featured with an extended solo that allowed him to show off his impressive chops.
The standout number had to be 'The Theme', a blindingly fast rhythm changes solo vehicle where the audience found themselves clinging on, Martino's intelligent improvisations flying out at a rate that was almost too quick to comprehend. Yet these were beautiful, logical lines that would have made perfect sense at ballad tempo or otherwise.
At 70 it's incredible that the Philadelphian guitarist still plays his instrument with the same fiery enthusiasm that he had as a young player making his name on the 1960s East Coast scene. In fact, his current form shows him to be even more self-assured, and one can hear all the idiosyncrasies he has developed along his musical journey, as they come together in a coherent, authoritative way. One could criticise Martino for not being more adventurous, wishing for him to seek out new territory in his later years as, for example, jazz guitar peer Jim Hall did. However, only Martino sounds like Martino, and after years of listening to this master, his playing is still jaw-dropping. There is little that can prepare an audience for the intense nature of his trio performances, let alone the captivating presence of Pat Martino's distinctive musical personality. Catch him live if you can.


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LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla., Feb. 1, 2011 -- While Donald Duck may be the most famous bird at Walt Disney World Resort, he's not the only one. He's apparently got a lot of company. On a recent day in January,...
Posted by Debra Martin Koma on February 2, 2011 2:43 PM
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I absolutely love this concept as I like my lashes to be lifted, voluminous and create impact. The Miss Manga mascara features a relatively sparse wand, ensuring the bristles pick up a lot of formula that can be used to plump lashes and work them into a powerful hold. Although some mascara wands instantly provide a great result after only a few brushes, this is definitely one you need to work and spend time brushing through your lashes; the more times you apply the mascara (ensuring to only dip once to avoid overloading lashes,) the better the result becomes.
The formula does have a tendency to clump, so the trick is to clean the wand as much as possible of excess and avoid re-dipping into the tube. When lashes are brushed through numerous times, the result is pretty good - long lashes that are lifted and create a certain level of impact. Because of the Manga style, lashes do have a tendency to stick together, so if you like a lot of separation then this may not be for you. However, if you brush lashes through with a clean wand or styling brush it's easy to seperate them and create even more volume.
Staying true to its roots, the Miss Manga mascara is also available in a powerful turquoise and subtle violet colour if you fancy shaking things up. Although I wouldn't dare to wear these every day, they do make a great statement look for parties or when you don't fancy overdoing the eyeshadow... (The key is to let your coloured lashes do the talking and keep the rest of your makeup minimal!) You can see the results of each colour on the L'Oreal website here, which clearly shows the colour and lash effect. A great innovation and fab for creating a powerful lash line.
The Miss Manga mascara is available now from Boots priced £8.99.


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Although it has taken quite some time to get to this point, the Colosseum in Rome is finally undergoing restoration… and yielding some interesting tidbits about ancient history in Rome along the way. Recently, excavators and restoration experts discovered trades of ancient frescoes in red, black, green, and blue—but that's not the most interesting part. Even better?
Apparently visitors to the Colosseum engaged in some tagging, Ancient Rome style—everyone's favorite gladiatorial arena holds graffiti art of phallic symbols. Would you expect anything else?
The officials who unveiled the discoveries between the second and third levels of the Colosseum say that particular passageway won't be open to the public until sometime during Summer 2013, as there is plenty of work to do to ensure the graffiti doesn't fade or become damaged now that it's exposed.
The images were hidden beneath decades and decades of calcified grime and rock, and the colorful traces of the discovered frescoes confirm the historical understanding of the Colosseum as a richly decorated, vibrantly colored stadium during its heyday. Currently, the belief is that less than 1 perfect of the Colosseum's original painted surfaces remain—and despite the fact that the arena's exposed seating was white marble, it was the inside that came alive with color.
Colosseum director Rosella Rea says that "the insides, the galleries, all the corridors and transverse hallways were completely colored. We need to imagine a building with extreme contrasts of color." And many of the colored areas now discovered are covered with more recent graffiti art—including some drawings from dates as wide-ranging as 1620 and 1943.
But older still, officials have found graffiti that they believe dates from the 3rd century—a red palm frond and crown are believed to be the work of a gladiator fan as the individual traveled the hallway, and another area under restoration contains graffiti art of phalluses, which were often drawn as good luck charms.
Continued at http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheAncientStandard/~3/H-gA_D7ntJ0/


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Vitamin Facial Foundation the Most Effective all Natural Makeup?
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Spring cosmetics are definitely all over the place today. Just what first could possibly only be requested on the net or perhaps in magazines can be suddenly sold in each and every drug store below just about every brand. The popularity of the cosmetics is actually amazing and yes it looks everybody wants a bit of the natural makeup cake.
But if you've never converted, you may think a little out of your hook. Precisely what is all the publicity with regards to at any rate? Which usually brand names might be best? How would you use it?
The details
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Nearly all mineral fundamentals are offered having a clean, or even the wash is sold separately. You need to utilize a comb intended for organic mineral facial foundation.
Applying an easy program after which assemble. Some women this way they could seem just as if it isn't using just about any makeup products at all, yet somehow receive a simpler and even more perhaps pores and skin if they use the muse. Many mineral footings contain a pure amount regarding SPF.
The use of spring makeup products or perhaps make-up on a regular basis, you could expertise what other people have claimed. A number of possess claimed they've much healthier epidermis that's far more well balanced in addition to healthy.
Kinds of nutrient makeup products
There are several brand names of vitamin beauty products available.
People that use mineral make-up realize that the granddaddy in the form is actually Bare Vitamins. This business introduced the concept of nutrient make-up for the people many years ago and several in the makeup on the market today usually are sound interpretations associated with Blank Vitamins. This brand name comes on the web, on the internet; on television plus shops this provides lip gloss, eye shadow and natural skin care items.
Raw Vitamins is giving Simple Mineral deposits some sort of manage for the cash. This manufacturer is easily getting a share of the market, most likely due to the solutions the item adds to the makeup to hold skin wholesome. The extra ingredients are generally beyond just what are usually within organic mineral makeup products and infrequently can include all-natural maize and soybean ingredients.
Have a look at the different sorts of mineral facial foundation available today; you could just like the technique it seems as well as can feel onto the skin.
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