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Japan's Lost Decades A Myth
The earthquake, tsunami, and lingering nuclear crisis in Japan have devastated that country's people and their place in the global economy. Can the island nation recover? To see where Japan might go next, we have to look at one of the persistent myths about its recent past — the myth of the lost decades.
It is widely thought that Japan is in the 21st year of a recession, or at least of a muddle-through sluggish economy. Part of this poor performance, economists and the financial press habitually state, is that Japan has experienced a terrible deflation. Nevertheless, I claim that Japan's economic state for the past two decades, up until the recent disasters, has in fact been comparable to that of most developed nations.
What Is Economic Growth?To understand Japan's actual economic growth, we first have to agree on just exactly what economic growth is: it is the production of goods and services. All of our banks, factories, tools, trucks, natural resources, and labor are used almost solely for the ultimate purpose of producing consumer goods — things that we each want and need in our lives in order to stay alive, remain healthy, clothed, and comforted, to enjoy life and to live as well as possible.
An increased standard of living (material well-being, not spiritual or psychological well-being) consists of having more things. The more things we produce — medicines, heaters, sofas, clothes, hammers, sandwiches, suntan lotion, etc. — the better off our lives.
As I will explain below, an economy's growth is not easily or accurately measured with a calculation based on the dollar amount of money spent on goods. Not only are statistical indices like GNP and GDP inaccurate, they are unneeded as far as observing real economic growth. Ordinary citizens in Denmark do not need to compare GDP per capita to know that they live better than ordinary citizens in Somalia. One can simply look around and see what kind of homes, streets, restaurants, grocery stores, and other goods and services are available in each of these countries, and how many hours of labor are needed to acquire these things.
Similarly, in any particular country, one can look around and see whether there are increasing amounts of goods and services over time — i.e., whether there is a positive rate of change of economic growth. The true test of economic growth is whether or not a given amount of physical labor can acquire more goods and services each year.
A Citizen's View of the Japanese EconomyA journilist recently featured two articles describing Japan and Japanese life by people who live here.[1] Below are some of their statements:
- "But, I would argue, Japan in 2011 for very, very many who live here is a much better place than the headlines might lead one to believe."
- "Condos sprout like mushrooms and mortgages can be paid off in decades, not in tens of decades."
- "As I look out from one of the newsrooms in our 35-floor headquarters, built during one of the Lost Decades, I see what was a nearly abandoned railroad yard 15 years ago is now a virtual forest of 20- to 50-storey buildings where more than 60,000 people a day now work.
A decade ago, these were just holes in the ground."
- "Around our condo in Yokohama, shopping malls, offices, condominiums and single-family housing have been popping up nearly every day of the last two decades."
- "Those years may be the Lost Decades, but they have not been the Do-nothing Decades."
- "Thirty years ago, when my wife and I lived about two hours outside Tokyo next to a 'small town' of about 600,000, we had to go to one of only a handful of shops in Tokyo to buy a piece of decent cheese.
Now, cheese is nearly ubiquitous, and half the price it was 30 years ago."
- "The strong yen, so much the bane of exporters, is the domestic consumer's friend.
Imported cars, food, clothing, even energy and raw materials for industry all cost less now than 20 years ago.
A nice bottle of Italian wine that sells for about $15 in Tokyo carried a price tag of $45.95 in Sydney Australia, also a bottle of Johnny Walker Blue cost me over $300 dollars in Gold Coast Australia and only $75 in Tokyo."
- "Restaurants now offer the finest foods the world has to offer at prices most can afford."
- "Hotels prices are again reasonable, train fares are affordable and airfares, particularly for overseas travel, are barely [recognizable] from those in the days it took nearly a month's salary to fly to Toronto and back."
- "Certainly anyone who visits Japan these days is struck by the obvious affluence even among average citizens. The cars on the roads, for instance, are generally much larger and better equipped than in the 1980s"
- "Overseas vacation travel has more than doubled since the 1980s. The Japanese boast the world's most advanced cell phones, and the biggest and best high-definition television screens. Japan's already long life expectancy has increased by nearly two years. Its Internet connections are some of the world's fastest — something like ten times faster on average than American speeds."
- "The label on everything from cell phones to laptop computers may say 'Made in China' but actually, via producers' goods, highly capital-intensive and knowhow-intensive manufacturers in Japan have quietly done much of the most technologically demanding work."
- "The [producers' goods] competition has come principally from Japan, which now enjoys broadly as dominant and geopolitically important a position as the United States did in the 1960s. Even if you don't hear much about this from the Tokyo talking heads, it is hard to miss it in global trade figures."
- "And this is now a kinder, gentler place."
It's All About the NumbersSo how do we reconcile the discrepancy between the official economic data and the circumstantial empirical data above? The answer I suggest is that the official data are flawed, because they are based on bad economic theory and statistics trying to aggregate factors that can't easily be aggregated. The core of the discrepancy is that (official) economic growth is being measured in money, and money is not wealth.
The misleading measurement of growth in question is GDP growth, because it is practically the sole indicator used by professionals to assess economic output. The problem is that GDP is in fact not a measure of real, physical production of goods and services, as it is intended to be. It is primarily a measure of inflation, which it is not intended to be. To understand this, we must be clear on what inflation is and what causes it.
In short, prices can rise overall throughout an economy only if the quantity of money in the economy increases faster than the quantity of goods and services. (In economically retrogressing countries, prices can rise because the supply of goods diminishes.)
When the supply of goods and services rises faster than the supply of money — as happened around the world during most of the 1800s — the unit price of each good or service falls, because a given supply of money has to buy, or "cover," an increasing supply of goods or services. George Reisman offers us the critical formula for the derivation of economy-wide prices:
In this formula, price (P) is determined by demand (D) divided by supply (S).[2] Aggregate prices consist of the amount of money spent to buy everything in the economy, divided by the quantity of items sold. The formula shows us that it is mathematically impossible for aggregate prices to rise by any means other than (1) increasing demand, or (2) decreasing supply — i.e., either by more money being spent to buy goods, or by fewer goods being sold in the economy.
In our developed economy, prices are rising due to more money entering the marketplace, not because the supply of goods is decreasing — or at least they are not decreasing at enough of a pace to raise prices at the usual rate of 3 or 4 percent per year.
The same price formula noted above can equally be applied to asset prices — stocks, bonds, commodities, houses, oil, fine art, etc., and also to corporate revenues and profits. As Fritz Machlup states,
In sum, the price of anything in the economy — absent economic retrogression — can rise only with more money and spending. Even though prices of particular goods or commodities can rise from a relative increase in demand, it is impossible for the prices of a majority of goods or assets to rise simultaneously without additional money pushing them higher.It is impossible for the profits of all or of the majority of enterprises to rise without an increase in the effective monetary circulation (through the creation of new credit or dishoarding).[3]
A progressing economy is one in which an increasing quantity of goods is produced over time. It is real "stuff," not money per se, that represents real wealth. Further, if goods are produced at a faster rate than money, prices will fall. With a constant supply of money, wages would remain the same while prices fell, because the supply of goods would increase while the supply of workers would not. But even when prices rise due to money being created faster than goods, prices still fall in real terms, because wages rise faster than prices due to the same expansion of the supply of goods relative to the supply of labor. In either scenario, if productivity and output are increasing, goods get cheaper in real terms.
Obviously, then, a growing economy is reflected in prices falling, not rising. No matter how many goods are produced, if the quantity of money remains constant, the only money that can be spent in an economy is the particular amount of money existing in it (and velocity, or the number of times each dollar is spent, could not change very much if the money supply remained unchanged).
Therefore, GDP, which measures money prices, does not necessarily tell us much about the number of actual goods and services being produced; it only tells us that if GDP is rising the money supply must be rising, because a rise in GDP is mathematically possible only if the money price of individual goods produced is increasing to some degree. Otherwise, with a constant supply of money and spending, the total amount of money companies earn (the total selling prices of all goods produced) and thus GDP itself would all necessarily remain constant year after year.
To be perfectly clear, this means that price deflators applied to GDP calculations to adjust for price inflation do not fully deflate GDP. If they did, real GDP growth would, by mathematical necessity, be zero. (For a more detailed exposition on GDP, see pp. 423–427 in Kelly, The Case for Legalizing Capitalism).
While GDP can increase only with more money and spending, it is obvious that the only source of an increase of money and spending is an increase in the supply of money itself, which in turn can come only from the central bank. Businesses do not create money; they create goods and services. Only the central bank and the member banks have the ability to create money.[4]
When central banks pump a lot of money into the economy, they boost GDP growth (along with corporate revenues and especially profits). Conversely, when they don't, GDP does not grow very much. Thus, Japan's GDP growth has been slow because Japan's central bank, The Bank of Japan (BOJ), has intentionally engaged in a conservative monetary policy for most of the last 20 years, as seen in figure 1. The growth of the monetary base averages less than about 5 percent per year. While M1 money supply bounces around, it averages less than 10 percent while the broader M2 money supply averages 2–3 percent. Consumer price inflation, in turn, as shown in figure 2, has remained near flat.
That last sentence is worth repeating: consumer prices have been mostly flat — not falling. The "deflation" Japan is supposed to have experienced over the last 20 years — as commonly stated by financial journalists and professional economists — really consists of prices periodically falling 1, 2, and sometimes 3 or 4 percent over a year or two before returning to slight positive growth rates. All in all, consumer prices have seen a slight increase, not decrease over the last two decades.
Fig. 1. Japan's monetary base and money supply, 1993–2010. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Now observe in figure 3 how much lower money-supply growth has been in the 1990s and 2000s as compared to the 1980s. In figure 4, describing that same time frame, you will notice a reduction of GDP; it went from being in the 4 percent to 10 percent range in the 1980s to the −2 percent to +2 percent range in the 1990s and 2000s.
The same evolution is presented from a slightly different angle in figure 5, where, instead of real-time changes as depicted in figures 3 and 4, GDP and money supply are smoothed in the form of a 40-quarter (10-year) compound annual growth in Japanese nominal GDP and the 120-month (10-year) compound annual growth in the Japanese M2 money supply.
It should be noted that, because it takes time for new money to multiply and be disseminated in the fractional-reserve system, money supply has a delayed effect of about one to two years on GDP growth.
The sharp decline in the money supply (and corresponding spending levels — velocity changes in the financial markets, in this case) shown in figure 3 is what is responsible, not only for the ensuing decline in prices and GDP, but also for the more immediate decline in asset prices in Japan. Figure 6 shows the dramatic boom-and-bust sequence of Japan's real-estate prices, and figure 7 shows the same for its stock market. The real estate market fell 85 percent from its high, while the stock market fell 82 percent from its high — just as the Dow Jones fell 89 percent from its high after 1929, due to the US money-supply collapse.
Asset prices rose more dramatically than consumer prices in Japan during the 1980s boom because, of the tremendous amount of money created, disproportionately more was inserted into the financial system than into the real economy. In other words, most of the new money created was used for financial investment and speculation rather than for spending on capital, labor, and consumer goods. Logically, when credit creation slowed in the late 1980s — and the inevitable spending reduction, bank/business losses, and monetary contraction appeared — the evaporation of money and the consequent selling of assets occurred in the financial markets much more than in the real economy. What went up the most came down the most. On the downswing, the asset markets deflated; but the real economy — and GDP — not as much.
Proof of Japan's GrowthSo far we have seen evidence that there was a decline in Japan's money supply, and therefore in consumer prices, asset markets, and GDP growth. I have also said that GDP growth per se is merely a statistic that does not represent real economic growth. The primary goal of this paper is to show that while GDP has grown at a snail's pace, real economic growth has been rather robust — approximating real economic growth in other developed countries.
If Japan, as I claim, has indeed seen economic growth similar to other developed nations, we would expect its GDP per capita to have remained in line with theirs. Though GDP growth of a single country does not tell us much, a comparison of GDP per capita between countries does. This is due to the fact that GDP is mainly a measure of money. Largely free-floating currencies, such as those of Japan and the United States, are adjusted by the markets so as to maintain relative prices between the two countries in order to keep purchasing power at parity. This (largely) cancels out inflation-induced changes. In similar fashion, adjusting GDP per capita by a calculated purchasing-power-parity (PPP) figure should also compensate for changing inflation rates between Japan and the United States.
For example, if the United States expands the money supply at twice the rate of Japan, America's consumer prices and GDP should rise at approximately twice the rate of Japan (though relative stated GDP changes in various countries — as well as their price deflators — are quite questionable due to their being subjected to different levels of calculation manipulation by the respective authorities). Because there is then twice the excess amount of dollars relative to yen and double the prices in the United States relative to Japan, the dollar should fall by half against the yen. This adjustment for money and prices keeps respective GDP values adjusted in real terms.
Now let's look at the data. If Japan's economy has truly remained mostly flat, as most of the financial world claims, while America's has mostly risen, then Japan's GDP per capita, as measured in dollars at purchasing-power parity, should be not too far above where it was in 1990 at the beginning of Japan's "lost decades." It should certainly not be at the same level relative to America's or Europe's GDP per capita. In this case of largely flat growth, a chart of GDP per capita would look similar to figure 8, which shows the GDP per capita of Sierra Leone, or figure 9, which shows that of Haiti, which rises slightly.[5] In other words, it should look like the GDP per capita growth trend of countries that truly haven't grown very much.
But in fact, Japan's GDP per capita at PPP has increased consistently, as figure 10 shows. In other words, GDP per capita in Japan has grown through time,[6] rising from $19K per capita in 1990 to $34K in 2010. Similarly, the United States had a GDP per capita of $23K in 1990, and it is at $46K today. America's GDP per capita is thus 100 percent higher than in 1990, while Japan's is 79 percent higher. This is close enough to call it somewhat comparable. (Keep in mind that these formal GDP per capita calculations are far from precise and reliable; it is entirely possible that real growth in Japan is, say, 105 percent higher while that of the US is 85 percent higher. The point is that even the official data produced by professional economists show that Japan has grown considerably.)
Figure 11 shows another view of the same phenomenon, and the best proof that Japan has grown in line with other developed countries. The chart shows GDP per capita across the OECD countries (a group of developed and mostly-developed countries) in both 1987 and 2007. Japan's GDP per capita in 1987 (the light blue bars) was just about completely in line with Germany's and France's, the countries directly above and below Japan in this ordered ranking. Twenty years later in 2007 (the dark blue bars) Japan still had GDP in line with the same two countries — just slightly below Germany's and just slightly above France's. The proportions are unchanged!
If it were true that Japan has seen dramatically slower growth over the last 20 years than have other developed countries, Japan could not still have the same relative position in GDP per capita 20 years later. Judging by the size of the light blue 1987 bars, Japan had about the same relative proportions then as now (or as in 2007 in this case, just before the world financial crisis arrived). So, if Japan has been in a recession the last two decades, then so have Germany and France and other developed countries. In fact, Japan, after all its supposed lack of growth, still ranks above the OECD average.
Clearly, GDP growth is an uninformative measure. Japan's economy has been healthy even though economists the world over have bemoaned its stagnant growth.
Additional Explanations and Reconciliations
The Rising CurrencyOne might think that part of the reason that Japan has seen its GDP per capita increase over the last 20 years is that its stronger currency translates its GDP — when using currency values instead of PPP — to a higher number. But the currency movement is not responsible. The currency has risen precisely to adjust for relative prices, because Japan has had less price inflation due to having created less money and credit (in fact, the rise of the yen really reflects the fall of other currencies). The currency changes have kept the GDP measurement accurately adjusted.
The higher currency has helped, not harmed, the Japanese people, by giving them more purchasing power domestically. It has not made much of a difference internationally, because the currency has simply adjusted for prices. A country can print lots of money or not, but free-floating currencies will adjust for real purchasing power.
Had Japan printed no money at all over the last 20 years, it would have seen its currency rise even more. Additionally, domestic prices would have fallen. This would not have been deflation, which is falling prices due to a contraction of the money supply. It would have been falling prices due the fact that goods and services were being created faster than was money. Unlike deflation, falling prices help everyone.
Prices have stayed mostly flat in Japan because the quantity of money has increased at about the same pace as the quantity of goods. And with respect to goods prices specifically, the money supply has effectively increased at a faster rate than official monetary aggregates because money has flowed out of the equity and housing markets and into the consumer-goods markets. More money is not needed to grow an economy, as any amount will do; prices will adjust to the quantity of money — just as they do when money is created faster than goods. In fact, the less money is created, the faster the real economy will grow.
How Did the Economy Expand without Bank Loans and Credit Growth?Given my exposition of Japan's true growth, many might wonder exactly how Japan's economy has grown without much credit creation and bank lending, because it is well known that Japanese banks have been carrying bad loans on their books for many years, and that they are hesitant to lend for that and various other reasons.
To begin with, banks have actually been lending, just at reduced rates relative to historical standards (and in part because of the fact that money and thus credit are being created at a reduced rate). Also, there are other types of lenders today in Japan in addition to traditional banks.
But, more importantly, it needs to be understood that new credit is not required for a country to prosper. In fact, more credit — as opposed to more real savings — creates economic problems and slows an economy.
Once prices adjust to the newest credit created, the amount of credit available in an economy reflects the amount of real monetary savings. To then create additional credit in excess of real savings increases the amount of claims used to acquire the very same real, physical capital that the real savings is intended to purchase — this is similar to a game of musical chairs where, instead of chairs being taken away, people are added. After prices adjust, all the credit that existed prior to the creation of the new credit has been diluted by the addition of the new credit. Thus, creation of fiat money reduces the real purchasing power of each unit of savings and of previously created credit once price inflation sets in.
Artificially created credit also causes economic boom-and-bust sequences due to the malinvestments and subsequent liquidations that excessive, false savings (i.e., credit masquerading as savings) creates. The new money artificially alters interest rates, profits, relative prices, and other market signals, causing a misallocation of capital that unnaturally expands some industries relative to others. The more credit created, the more is the economic distortion of the production structure, and the greater is the corrective process required once the money flow slows or stops. The more economic distortion that comes about, the more real capital that is ultimately destroyed through malinvestment. (For a relatively concise explanation of this process, see pages 141–155 in my book.)
Japan has not been creating credit at a high rate, so it has not diminished the value of its real savings through inflation or through financial and economic booms and busts at a high rate (compared to Japan previously, and to other countries).
It is critically important to understand that if a country does not continually destroy real savings and real capital through credit creation and inflation, it does not need to continually save and accumulate new funds for investment. The idea of seeking more and more savings for investment purposes each year in most countries is prevalent only because the current stock of monetary savings and capital is continually being diminished by credit creation and inflation (this aside from the physical capital which is destroyed via malinvestment).
When credit is not diminished in this way, it remains intact, and its value increases through time as prices fall. In this way, the same capital can fund more investments through time, and new and additional capital is not constantly needed to replace previous capital.
The fact is that in an economy without inflation and boom-and-bust scenarios — both of which destroy capital — the very same capital base can grow an economy without new savings. All that's needed is that a sufficient proportion of the existing physical capital be allocated to the production of capital goods relative to the production of consumer goods. An economy's capital goods — its tools, factories, machines — and the corresponding labor devoted to capital-goods production produce all new capital goods as well as all new consumer goods.
As long as enough monetary demand — out of the same annual lump of money existing in the economy — is geared toward capital goods versus consumer goods each year, there will be enough production of capital goods to (1) replace the capital goods worn out in production (2) produce a greater net amount of capital goods than were produced the previous year. An increasing amount of capital goods each year will produce an increasing amount of consumer goods each year (and as the supply of goods increases relative to the static supply of money, prices will fall by the year).
For a visual understanding of this, see George Reisman's example from his book Capitalism (p. 625) in figure 12. Here, the amount of capital goods (set of boxes on the left side) produced each year is in excess of the amount needed to replace used up capital goods (and this simple model assumes all goods are used up each year). This leads to a constantly expanding amount of capital goods (1.2K, 1.44K, 1.728K, etc., where "1K" represents any given physical amount of capital). The process is similar to compound-interest growth.
[7] Any new and additional (real) savings/demand on top of this — a ratio of, say, 70/30 — would simply increase the rate of growth of production. For perspective, it should be understood that if the ratio was low enough, such that the amount of capital and consumer goods produced would exactly offset the amount used up, the economy would be stationary — it would neither grow nor shrink. And if it were even lower, the economy would retrogress.
Returning to the case of Japan, because the country has destroyed and inflated away very little savings and capital over the last 20 years — that is, because it has largely been using the same capital — the evolution of its production structure is similar to that in our example. True, capital is destroyed each year via consumption spending (i.e., stimulus spending, social welfare spending, etc.,), smaller boom-bust sequences, regulation/restrictions, and other government distortions, but there is enough capital being created each year, in addition to the high level of domestic savings available, to cover that amount of capital loss.
Even before the recent financial and economic crises, all developed economies experienced similar annual destruction of capital through taxes and other interventions. All economies are distorted and consume capital in myriad ways. But on a net basis, the capital destroyed is offset — if only slightly — by new capital created. Japan simply has different distortions — and strengths — from other countries.
Figure 11 also helps us see the fallacy in thinking that new money and credit could create more real demand. Real demand can come only from goods or services actually produced, which can in turn be exchanged for other goods and services. What's needed are more goods, not more claims on goods, i.e., money. More monetary demand will not genuinely put more people to work or spare capacity into use; but eliminating the artificial impediments causing this spare capacity will.[8] New money and credit will simply create a relative overproduction in some industries (e.g., real estate) relative to others.
An increase in money for the purposes of stimulating demand does not cause an increase in the production of real goods but only the appearance of such an increase. This appearance occurs through inflation and through the corresponding overinvestment in some industries — it gives the false appearance of an economic boom. Additional credit and inflation simply causes prices to increase as they adjust to the increased amount of money. The amount of real, physical goods stays the same.
The bottom line is that Japan has not needed new bank credit, or even much new real savings and capital, in order to prosper. It has just needed to maintain a sufficient proportion of capital (i.e., savings) allocation to efficient capital-goods production.


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Serengeti-Style Grazing
by Sabino Cortez, Jr.
K-Lines many options include sprinklers that offer uniform water delivery, even in very hilly terrain. Pressure compensated sprinklers result in good uniformity, even with hills or longer lateral lines. K-Line irrigation is designed to fit the field (not the field altered to fit the irrigation system) K-Line can be designed around obstructions - resulting in large initial cost savings.
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by Sabino Cortez, Jr.
Reprinted from the Stockman GrassFarmer
Website by hairyLemon
© K-Line North America 2016


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I have been a practicing Criminal lawyer and Personal Injury attorney in Tulsa for more than 20 years with extensive trial law experience. In addition, I can help in preparing your Will, Trust and Estate matters.
Your first consultation is free and all information is held in confidence. Appointments are set at your convenience, with evening and weekend appointments available.
As a criminal defense attorney in northeast Oklahoma, I've assisted many individuals. I understand the life-changing nature of criminal charges and convictions as well as false accusations and wrongful charges. As your criminal defense lawyer, I will work directly with you to have inflated charges dismissed or amended or negotiate favorable sentencing options, such as a deferred or suspended sentence that keeps you out of prison while you complete the terms of your probation.
My areas of practice as a criminal lawyer in Tulsa include: drug crime law, federal crime law, sex crime law, violent crime, civil, DWI/DUI, family law, and white collar crime law. My extensive experience in Oklahoma criminal law allows me to bring you an optimum solution for your situation. I also work with clients to expunge criminal records in Oklahoma.
Areas of Practice :
You will find a completely trustworthy Tulsa attorney for any and all of these areas of practice:


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The MetroBoston DataCommon, a partnership between the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) and the Boston Indicators Project, is an interactive data portal and mapping tool with information about the region's people, neighborhoods, infrastructure, and environmental resources. It is a resource for all those seeking to better understand how the region and its communities are changing, and help residents, planners, city and town officials, educators, and journalists explore options and make informed decisions.
We invite you to explore data visualizations, explore community snapshots or create your own data visualization..
Curry Student Center, Northeastern University
Friday, January 27th, 2012
More data are available today than ever before. In addition, new tools are making it easier to explore trends, craft powerful stories, and spur change. Learn how to access information, meet colleagues from across sectors, and get inspired to apply data to your work, all for free at Data Day 2013!
Data Day 2013 is a free day-long conference aimed at helping non-profits, media organizations, civic institutions and municipalities expand their capacity to use technology and data in innovative ways to advance community and organizational goals. Geared for data users at all levels, participants will choose from a number of interactive workshops on tools and techniques for exploring trends, crafting data-driven stories and spurring community change.
The day will provide an excellent professional development opportunity for organizations looking to get the most from their existing resources and staff.
Workshop categories: Category 1 – Basic data methods, tools, and technology skills Category 2 – Topic-specific workshops * Category 3 – Technical discussions of emerging issues and technologies
(Please attend the workshop you pre-registered for or check with staff about capacity in other sessions.)
How data can be used to drive and track community change.
An introduction to data mapping concepts and techniques, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Learn about the wealth of data in the U.S. Census and how to quickly find facts and figures on the Census Bureau website: American FactFinder and The Boston Redevelopment Authority's MyNeighborhood Census Viewer.
Learn the basics about how to design and implement a survey to collect data for your project or organization.
Explore new on-line tools and applications for collecting data and community building in your neighborhood.
You have your data, now craft a story and get your message heard.
Government agencies and universities showcase their mapping websites. Join the discussion on lessons learned, best practices, and potential opportunities to collaborate. (Category 3)
How to use data to influence the MBTA's proposed fare increases and service cuts. (Category 2)
Box lunches (if pre-purchased) available outside ballroom on Mezzanine Level. Other lunch options listed in folder. Poster exhibits open for viewing.
Harvest local knowledge from experts in the fields of demography, housing, transportation, technology, community development, education, public health, zoning and land use, and environment and energy during this networking opportunity.
The MetroBoston DataCommon has been our region's go-to data viewer and web mapper since 2007. At Data Day, MAPC and the Boston Foundation will officially launch the DataCommon 2.0, completely redesigned with all-new Community Profiles, an easier-than-ever map interface, and a powerful new data visualization tool known as WEAVE. Create by UMass Lowell and the National Open Indicators Consortium, WEAVE will help users at all levels to analyze large datasets and visualize the results to guide your work and influence public policy. Join us for the worldwide launch of this powerful new tool and find out how it can help you better understand your neighborhood and drive community change!
A discussion about open-source development collaborations, "civic apps," and the Open Indicators Consortium. (Category 3)
Learn to track change in Boston and Greater Boston.
Learn how to conduct research and create custom maps using the MetroBoston DataCommon.
Learn how to conduct research and create custom maps using the MetroBoston DataCommon. (Category 1)
Learn about how to identify and use labor market data.
Explore how to create custom reports, find timely data, and more from the U.S. Census Bureau's FactFinder website.
Come learn about cool tools and projects that engage youth in their community through data collection, analysis, and communication. (Category 2)
An introduction to assessment tools and methodologies for understanding local food environment, walkability, and more.


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13 Aug 2018
From Dad Hats to Dad Wallets to Dad Eskis, we've got everything you need to give your dad the perfect gift on Father's Day.
20 Jul 2018
Spring has sprung and it's time to freshen up the closet… here are the 6 most important items to pick up before temperatures start to rise.
6 Jul 2018
We've teamed up with Mt Buller to give you and a mate a double pass to the mountain. You could be heading up to the Victorian slopes with a two-day pass and ready to shred in no time.
4 Jul 2018
The Rip Curl elite team is back in Jeffrey's Bay for another year... here is what's inside their bags…
28 Jun 2018
Where to snowboard and ski in Mt Hotham, accommodation in Mt Hotham, how to get to Mt Hotham and more… from beginner to expert.
25 Jun 2018
From Victoria's Hotham and Buller to NSW's Perisher and Thredbo… these are the best snow mountains in Australia.
25 Jun 2018
Not sure what wetsuit to buy? We're here to help! This is your ultimate guide to the best wetsuits for surfing.
18 Jun 2018
Brand new threads have hit stores just in time for winter... get yours, before the temperature gets YOU!
7 Jun 2018
What better way to get excited for the 2018 season than with a double pass to Perisher Resort.
31 May 2018
The best wetsuits for women this winter, as told by The Mermaid Society.
17 May 2018
Hear what Crewsy has to say about our top-of-the-line rubber as he surfs his way around the Tasmanian coast in autumn.
14 May 2018
Designed by the legend himself, Mason Ho's new Rockies boardshort is a must-have for the summer months.
27 Mar 2018
It's the best time of the year… it's getting colder and we're headed into the Easter Long Weekend… cheering at the Rip Curl Pro
22 Mar 2018
The surfer's essentials… Mick Fanning has been coming to the Rip Curl Pro for about as long as he can remember.
16 Mar 2018
Every woman's closet needs a seasonal update... To give you a head start we've pulled together our five favourite must-haves for every gal this autumn.
9 Mar 2018
The essentials for every guy who's taking the trip up to the Gold Coast. This year we asked him to give us his top five essentials when he's packing for a trip to the Gold Coast
26 Feb 2018
Whether it's riding a wakeboard or a wakeskate, Daniel Grant is regarded as the best.
15 Feb 2018
The 3x World Champ picks his favourite items from our newest range.
8 Feb 2018
That stressful time of year is here once again – let us make it easier for you.
2 Feb 2018
As he packs his bag for the biggest event of the year, these are his must-haves. As you're reading this, Nate Johnstone is plowing through fresh pow in Japan...
23 Jan 2018
The time has finally come... we're headed into the season of long weekends, long surf sessions, and even longer afternoon barbeques.
15 Dec 2017
Off to the mountains? Shop online at Rip Curl Australia for an exclusive range of snow gear: ski jackets, snowboard pants and more. Free shipping orders over $75.
14 Dec 2017
Not sure what to buy the groms for Christmas this year? Shop online at Rip Curl Australia for the best Summer gifts and all beach necessities.
12 Dec 2017
We're not sure if there's anyone who spends more time in their bikinis than our surf team!
22 Nov 2017
Looking for an epic Christmas gift for the surfing man in your life? Here's our top picks for the best men's surfing gift ideas.
10 Nov 2017
Your fool proof guide to choosing the right bikini cut this summer.
6 Nov 2017
Meet the brand new shorts that Mick Fanning, Matt Wilkinson, Gabriel Medina and the gang will be getting tubed in this summer.
13 Oct 2017
Hilarious dispatches from an island paradise in the Pacific. What IS the essential bikini? How much cheek is TOO much cheek? Cups, or NO cups?
23 Aug 2017
Father's Day is just around the corner and, if you're anything like us, you're scrambling to find the perfect gift.
4 Aug 2017
Taken straight from our latest Search trip, La Puesta del Sol, these are your must have items in the snow.
16 Jul 2017
Mick Fanning and Jeffrey's Bay… it's a relationship unlike any other. They've had ups, they've had downs… but the more you go through together, the closer you get at the end of it all...
23 Jun 2017
And, of course, we couldn't resist asking a few questions about Fiji. Here at Rip Curl we make this little thing called the Search GPS – a watch that tracks your time in the surf...
21 Jun 2017
Garut Widiarta is about to face the biggest test of his year – the Rip Curl Cup Padang Padang – and this is his training.
9 Jun 2017
Behold, our guide to everything you'll need to experience the Rip Curl Cup done right. Because even if you can't win the comp, you should still be winning at The Cup.
6 Jun 2017
It's almost time to hit the slopes, and here's everything you need for a guaranteed good time. For those of us in the southern hemisphere, the sun has officially set...
4 May 2017
What every surfer needs to get through the shoulder season. Summer has officially come and gone, and before the offshore winter swells start rolling through, we've got a bit of time up our sleeves.
3 May 2017
So, how fast did Mick actually go? How many waves did he catch? Luckily, MF was wearing his SearchGPS Surf Watch during his afternoon session and well, the stats are.... eye opening!
28 Apr 2017
Tried and tested by Mick Fanning, Mason Ho and your pals at Stab.
29 Mar 2017
Easter is fast approaching, and with it, The Rip Curl Pro Bells Beach. In just a few weeks the classic sounds of ACDC's Hells Bells will be blasting from the speakers in the Winki carpark, as surf...
27 Mar 2017
A wetsuit born out of the desire to feel comfortable going anywhere, anytime – Searching for waves in the coldest and most remote parts of the world.
24 Mar 2017
Everyone dreams about doing it, but very few actually make it happen – the cold-water surf trip. Here are the top 10 things you can't go without on The Search.
5 Mar 2017
When Mick Fanning decided to take a well-deserved sabbatical from the World Tour, we sat down and started planning trips. Where did Mick want to go...
3 Mar 2017
Live by the tide, surf by the tide. It's a simple part of life and surfing, but it's so, so important.
9 Feb 2017
The concept for the GPS watch actually came about thousands of miles from the surf.
8 Feb 2017
While he was staying at the Rip Curl Pipeline house, we thought we'd open up his bag and see what's inside
7 Feb 2017
Let us introduce RFID PROTECH, technology that actually protects your personal information.
9 Jan 2017
How was your 2016? Filled with excitement, regret, remorse? Did you speak about hating work and longing for surf? Probably. We all do it, and put it on repeat.
30 Dec 2016
Is your New Year's Resolution to catch more waves, surf for longer or increase your speed? Check this year's standout performancers and get inspired for what's possible in 2017!
20 Dec 2016
Matt Wilkinson knows how to pack. After all, he's on the road for 10 out of 12 months of every year…
15 Dec 2016
Packing for the snow is no easy feat – you've got to remember socks, boots, shoes, jackets, gloves, goggles and beanies, not to mention all the basics.
15 Dec 2016
The sun is shining, the water is warm and the BBQs are hot – it's safe to say that we've made it through the winter and have finally arrived at the best time of year. Summer.
8 Dec 2016
Although it might make for a great yarn, surfing in a bikini that wasn't actually MADE for the surf, kind of sucks. Almost every female surfer has a similar story...
7 Dec 2016
Recently our good pals over at Cosmopolitan asked if they could take a look at our latest swimwear range. And of course, being the fashion gurus that they are, we happily obliged.
7 Dec 2016
VaporCool technology is built to keep you cool. Lightweight and moisture-wicking fabrics keep you dry and comfortable. Keep cool. Keep dry. Keep searching.
7 Dec 2016
We're standing on the beach of a remote island in Indonesia. It's 10am and the sun is beating down in full force. Our eyes are squinting, our skin in feeling crispy.
6 Dec 2016
What do you get when you wake seven pro surfers up after a night out on the North Shore, and tell them they're about to compete?
30 Nov 2016
When Rip Curl first began way back in 1969 it was just a seedling of an idea.
16 Nov 2016
What works and what doesn't, from your friends at Empire Ave.
26 Aug 2016
Rip Curl has been making wetsuits for over 40 years
1 Oct 2015
Rip Curl's SearchGPS let's you review your surfing stats live from the lineup.
Get all the latest product, team and event news from Rip Curl.
Use of the RIP CURL trademarks by Rip Curl. Ltd. under license from Rip Curl International Pty Ltd
Join the Rip Curl Crew and we will keep you up to date with all the latest news, products and promotions.
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Today I got a mail from Modeloff for registration of their 2017 championship event, in addition, new past questions were uploaded. This blog refers to one of their past questions asked in 2016 championship event Round 2 Section 4 – Case Study – Maximize the Benefit. In the question, they essentially asked to calculate different depreciation method and recommend the most tax efficient tax method. The time awarded was 36 min. The question served me as a great refresher to different depreciation method calculation, although took much longer time than that was given. I thought sharing the solution would be great.
The depreciation methods in question were Declining balance (DBM), Straight line (SLM), Units of production (UOP), Sum of years (SOY). The excel functions like DB, SLN, SYD serve little purpose here as the calculation is far more complex.
A method for calculation of DBM, UOP & SOY was same as to calculate the yearly depreciation rate >> reverse the rates >> calculate depreciation. The reverse ticker method is used to reduce the calculation load when we have different depreciation rates each year coupled with CAPEX lasting number of years, otherwise, the calculation will be difficult to handle.
All the yearly depreciation rates are calculated first and then reversed using OFFSET function. The reversed rates are then multiplied with CAPEX using SUMPRODUCT.
Have a better understanding of formulas after looking at the worksheet linked. It takes a time to understand and even longer to master. But very helpful in building complex models.
In SLM the depreciation rate is constant for the given years. It is relatively easy to calculate, the challenge here is to remove the assets which are fully depreciated otherwise the depreciation will be inflated. The formula keeps accumulating the depreciation till the assets are fully depreciated, as the years goes beyond the life of asset it starts subtracting the fully depreciated asset depreciation from the accumulated depreciation. The formula again requires practice to master.
The depreciation tax shield is calculated by multiplying the tax rate and total yearly depreciation. NPV of tax shield is calculated using discount rate given. Higher the NPV more preferred the method
Please go through the file linked to have a better understanding of different depreciation method calculation. The question file is also inserted in the worksheet.
Link to the file : Depreciation_Maximize_Benefit


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Shell VP Media Relations recently gave an interview to one the UK's major PR magazines, PR Week, presumably to boost credibility or to raise its profile, but instead, this main feature interview effectively ended with these words from the interviewer:
'So Shell finds itself incapable of doing anything other than selling a product that is destroying the planet.'
Benady (2015)
Media interviews are one of PR (Public Relations) much sought after tools. However PR is different to other communications tools like advertising, since PR has a low cost, yet high credibility but with very low control (over the message). Credibility of the message is deemed a lot higher via PR generated editorial coverage (as readers assume it's a journalist who writes it when often it is simply a well written news release) than messages delivered via advertising. The negative quote about Shell demonstrates the uncontrollable nature of PR (compared to advertising where you can control the message).
Live By The Sword, Die By The Sword
I once was bitten by some negative editorial exposure when, ironically, I launched an award winning, training video about PR, called 'Actions Speak Louder Than Words' with Emma Freud presenting amidst 3 screens packing in 90 mins of action into a 30 min video broken into 6 sections with onscreen questions at the beginning of each section.
It was before the internet and went on to win awards and sell very well. As our primary target market was PR people, journalists, media and marketing people, we gave a limited edition Parker Pen made from smelted nuclear missiles (SS16 and Persian Missiles) complete with a certificate of authenticity and donation to a children's war charity. The pens were the same as those used by Gorbachov and Reagan when the signed the nuclear peace treaty. The news release went out and next day we were on the front page of the Wall Street Journal. Later that week we gota two page spread in a key magazine, Training Today, with the following words whcih I will never forget:
Any Publicity Is NOT Good Publicity
'Award of the year for gratuitous bad taste goes to PR Smith and his PR Training Video company, PRTV.' Ouch! Live by the sword – die by the sword (since journalists believe the pen is mightier than the sword!). Absolutely no control over the message but very low cost (just a couple of hundred quid). I guess despite the negative press coverage, it did spread the message but not in an ideal format. You can read the full case in Marketing Communications 6th ed. by Smith and Zook (2016).
Don't ever believe 'any publicity is good publicity – where is Gerald Ratner now?' Where is Gerald Ratner and his international jewelery chains now? . After he told the press that his jewellery was 'crap', his business went downhill.
Develop Credibility Before Raising Visibility
The old adage: 'Develop Credibility Before raising Visibility' makes a lot of sense in business. The corollary makes a lot of sense: 'Having Developed Credibility, Don't Destroy It With Stupid High Visibility Comments' as in the case of Gerald Ratner.
So the risk you take with low cost, high credibility tools like PR is clearly seen in this PR Week interview with Shell's VP Media Relations, Andy Norman. Had Andy known that the interviewer, Alex Benady, was going to finish the interview with a paragraph shown below, would he have done the interview in the first place? Andy, if you are out there, please let me know or, perhaps share your advice for others regarding the risk return trade-off between lack of message control, low cost and high credibility of message.
'So Shell finds itself incapable of doing anything other than selling a product that is destroying the planet. Faced with shareholders who will not compromise on their returns and consumers who refuse refuse to compromise on their consumption, it will take all Norman's powers of engagement to square that particular circle.' Bernady 2015
Perhaps some of Shell's legacy is biasing journalists? Shell's underground (allegedly) 'raw' gas pipe in Co. Mayo, Ireland split the community, imprisoned teachers and provoked a documentary movie called 'The Pipe'.
Another documentary, called 'Pipe Down' explored the issue and challenged Shell's actions (60 minute documentary).
Regardless of who wins the case, does this controversial project, or any other controversial events (Shell in Nigeria, Smith 2016) generate a lingering negative feeling towards a brand like Shell? Perhaps it generates negative attitudes amongst journalists and influencers, long after the controversial project has 'calmed down'? is it possible that this project or other stories influenced the journalist writing the piece?
Would It Work On Blab.im?
I just wonder how this interview would have worked if it was done on Blab.im (ie via a mobile with a live video feed and video recording capturing, for posterity, the reactions from the interview and a finishing comment like that).
The Uncontrollable Nature of PR
So, regardless of what platform you use (whether Blab.TV, TV, Mainstream Media, News Distribution specialists,Social Media etc.), PR is simply not controllable. Editors and journalists can change the intended message.
The Power Of Creative PR
Having said that, there are many news releases published in the media, verbatim, carrying the exact intended message (with high credibility as it is deemed to be written by a journalist) to a carefully targeted audience. There are also examples where a great image or video can generate massive coverage (as in the 'swimming pool in the sky' image (below), which incidentally wasn't a photograph but rather, it was a graphic image created by a designer.
This image was created and distributed to the media (with a press release). It generated almost 1 billion impressions (valued at £10m), boosted awareness and helped to generate sales of £21m. See How To Integrate & Leverage A Great Image For Max Impact for the full story of this very creative news release.
In summary, PR, as a tactical tool, is highly credible, but uncontrollable yet very cost effective when you get it right.
PR = Low Cost, High Credibility and almost No Control.
If you enjoyed this, you might also enjoy:
How To Integrate & Leverage A Great Image For Max Impact.
How Integrated Content Marketing Creates Competitive Advantage
Follow me on Facebook, Linkedin & Twitter, or Sign Up to receive my next post by email (at the top right hand corner of this page).
Benady, A. (2015) The Energy To Change Our Minds – The Interview, with Andy Norman, PR Week, Sept.
Smith, PR & Zook, Z. (2016) Marketing Communications 6th ed offline & online integration, engagement and analytics, Kogan Page


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Three cars pushed over Pleinmont cliffs
Three cars were pushed over cliffs at Pleinmont on Tuesday morning, prompting Guernsey Police to issue an appeal for information.
No-one was found in the cars, but a number of items were retrieved from the vehicles by St John Ambulance and Rescue's cliff rescue team.
Sgt Martin Harris said any information would be greatly appreciated.
He said such "stupid" acts meant wasted time and resources for the island's emergency services.
Sgt Harris said: "You can't emphasis enough the impact that a call like this has for the emergency services, for what could be a fatal incident.
He said the force usually dealt with three or four incidents of a single vehicle being dumped over cliffs a year.
Sgt Harris said: "There are other vehicles down there, the majority of which we, or the rescue services, mark with a big white cross so if we get a call about a vehicle down there we know from our records whether it's been down there a while or not.
"It adds to the defacement of what is a very scenic part of the island.
"It looks terrible, but unfortunately we can not retrieve them as they are too far down."


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IMTS 2016 - Chicago
International Manufacturing Technology Show
From September 12 to 17, 2016 the trade fair IMTS opens its doors in Chicago.
The International Manufacturing Technology Show is one of the largest industrial trade shows in the world, featuring more than 2,000 exhibiting companies and 114,147 registrants. The event is held every two years in September at McCormick Place, Chicago.
During these six days INDEX Corporation exhibit machines like both INDEX multi-spindle machines MS16 Plus, MS22-8, MS32C2, the turn-mill center G220 and the swiss type lathe TRAUB TNL32-11.
We look forward to seeing you in the South Building - S-8136.
"better. parts. faster."
INDEX & TRAUB will provide you with new manufacturing technologies & ideas!
Visit us in the South Building - S-8136
Opening hours
Tuesday - Saturday
daily from 10 am - 6 pm
2301 S Lake Shore Dr
Chicago, IL 60616
You don't have a ticket yet for the IMTS?
We are happy to provide you with an electronic entry code that gives you admission to the fair and to welcome you in the south building S-8136. Just send us an email with your first & last name, company and contact details to: email@example.com


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Question about flood
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 09:42 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote: I am not worthy enough to shake the hand of Jesus.
No, you'd just kill for him.
The following 5 users Like RobbyPants's post:5 users Like RobbyPants's post
H4ym4n (20-03-2015), dancefortwo (20-03-2015), TheInquisition (20-03-2015), morondog (20-03-2015), The Organic Chemist (21-03-2015)
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: It's not the same thing - the lions know they will die of starvation if they do not make a kill.
You are talking about the killing of prey animals, I am talking about the killing of non-prey animals. I've seen a lion kill a hyena just for the hell of it, didn't even eat it. That sounds like premediated murder to me.
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: No, survival of the fittest is a law that has been used to describe the behaviour of animals in the wild.
But we are all animals, though. Humans are animals too.
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: Morality evolved because it contains survival value.
Who determined that survival is a good thing, and why is it a good thing? Suppose another species of animals determined that the earth is only for their species, and to hell with everyone else...so they just started killing off other species...that would be survival value considering there will be a lot less competition for food if they did it.
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: Humans can be considered herd animals, so we as a society agree that murder should have repercussions. (In this case, laws to enforce order)
Ahhh, so our laws are based on what we agree upon...so if we all agreed that the rape of children is just fine, then there would be nothing morally wrong with it, correct?
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: Taxonomically, yes, humans (Homo Sapiens) are animals.
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: Lions kill for survival - they do not take pleasure in killing and they have to kill quickly because they know a clan of hyenas are not too far away.
I saw a video where a lion ambushed and killed a cheetah for no reason at all. The cheetah posed no threat to it whatsoever. The lion just killed it. Again, sounds like premediated murder to me.
(20-03-2015 10:56 AM)Helio Wrote: How do you come to that conclusion?
I will give you a prime example, although I am sure you already know this...but when a male lion takes over a pride, he will kill all of the cubs, and the reason is (according to what we think), is that he wants his generation to be carried on as opposed to another lion...so he will kill the cubs, which will allow the females in the pride to be "mate ready", and then they can copulate.
Is this an evil thing to do? Suppose a woman's boyfriend/husband moves into the house and kills all of the women's children that did not belong to him...is this an evil thing to do.
Which case is the evil one? The lion? The man's? Both?
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 11:10 AM)The Organic Chemist Wrote: You mean for "crimes" like blowing it onto the floor instead of in your dead brother's wife who was just killed by god?
Sounds like justified punishments for individuals that disobeyed the commands of the Almighty...although I don't know where you got the "raped" stuff from.
RE: Question about flood
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 12:44 PM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(20-03-2015 11:24 AM)RobbyPants Wrote: No, you'd just kill for him.
The following 1 user Likes RobbyPants's post:1 user Likes RobbyPants's post
Russ (22-03-2015)
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 12:44 PM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(20-03-2015 11:24 AM)RobbyPants Wrote: No, you'd just kill for him.
How wonderful. You and your pestilential religion are rotten to the core. At least if you ever *do* carry out your stupid ideas you'll be rapidly removed from society. Shame that we can't do it in advance, but ja, just muttering threats isn't actually illegal as far as I know.
RE: Question about flood
My apologies for interjecting into this discussion, but there were a few things I was interested in discussing.
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote: We don't have original copies of anything in antiquity, first of all...so therefore, if you hold every other ancient writing to the same standards that you hold the Bible, then we wouldn't be able trust anything in antiquity and therefore the entire genre of history will be unreliable. But of course, your standards are different than actual historians.
Wait, are you saying the Bible is a historical account? Do you think all ancient texts are historical accounts? Does that mean that Hercules, Thor, Vishnu, Amaterasu, Shangdi, the Kraken, Epic of Gilgamesh, Amun-Ra, Mummu, Tiamat, Apsu, Zues and Mohammad are all historical truth?
Actually, if one does use the standards of actual historians, the Bible is just a collection of fairy tales "borrowed" from other fairy tales (of which you assume are false anyway). Try reading a few books on the subject of the history of the Bible and other ancient texts from the era that the Bible was written.
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(19-03-2015 06:13 PM)daniel1948 Wrote: I am an atheist, not because I don't want to believe, but because I want to believe in that which is true, and all logic and evidence points to a belief that there is no God.
Are you willfully ignorant or just in denial?
Here is a short list of the logic and evidence:
1. Problem of Evil
2. Euthyphro dilemma
3. Problem of Hell
4. Problem of Heaven
5. Occam's razor
6. Problem of multiple religions
7. SPAG (Self Projection as God)
8. Incompatible-properties argument
9. History of the Bible (specifically an argument against the Abrahamic religions)
10. Theological noncognitivism
11. No objectively verifiable evidence exists for the existence of any god or gods
12. Psychology, Physics, Biology and the Scientific Method and the fact that Science actually works
13. Argument from poor design
14. Praying to anything including inanimate objects is equally as effective as praying to a god or gods
15. Paradox of free will
16. Argument from inconsistent revelations
17. All religious apologetic arguments have been refuted (despite your denial that they have)
18. Omnipotence paradox and Omniscience paradox
19. Argument from non-belief
20. Destiny of the unevangelized
21. Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit
22. Epistemological razor
23. Russell's teapot
24. Alder's razor
25. Argument from locality
26. Inability of a god or gods to heal amputees
Dude, you have SO so so far to go. You'd have a better chance of arguing for UFO's, Ancient Aliens and Bigfoot.
Most of the points I listed actually have sub-categories of additional problems too. Also, I only listed things I'm familiar with, there is probably more that I'm not familiar with.
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(19-03-2015 06:13 PM)daniel1948 Wrote: 1. The term "maximally great" is not defined. Clearly, this is intended to mean God, but the term is far too vague for any logical argument. And the assertion that such a being is possible is nothing more than an assertion. The assertion has no validity, and all that follows is invalid.
Actually, "God" hasn't been defined. That is the problem. Notice how you haven't actually defined God when claiming that God has been defined. Ironically, a lot of times, religious folks will give the knee jerk reaction, when they can't honestly define God, by claiming that God can't be defined. As if not being defined is a good thing. Those who try to actually define God use words that they themselves are undefined. This is the illusion of thinking God has been defined as the definition itself is undefined and therefore God remains undefined while we are meant to think God has been defined. The same problem happens when we try to define imaginary concepts that don't exist in reality. I note this in my list above, it is called theological noncognitivism.
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(19-03-2015 06:13 PM)daniel1948 Wrote: 2. The second point does not follow logically from the first. It is possible for a human to live in a life-support capsule on Mars, but there is no human living there. The falsity of the statement leaves everything that follows invalid.
The problem with this step in the ontological argument is that it assumes just because something possibly exists that it does in fact exist. The typical ontological argument that I'm familiar with often makes the claim that something that exists is greater than something imagined (which could be possible) but again this has the same problem of not defining greater and not giving any reason why this is true nor demonstrating that it is indeed true, thus there is no reason to assume it is true. Why is it a bad thing to assume just because something possibly exists that it does in fact exist? Because anything we imagine then becomes reality according to the argument. If we imagine a being that is capable of killing the maximally great being, then this is also true because the ontological argument is true. If we imagine a maximally great island, then it exists. If we imagine a maximaly great superhero like Superman or the Hulk, then they exist.
The ontological argument basically is a means to convince someone that something imaginary is real. If God did in fact exist, would we still need the ontological argument?
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(19-03-2015 06:13 PM)daniel1948 Wrote: 3. The third point is even more illogical than the previous two. It is downright idiotic.
I'd say point 2 was the most illogical of all the points. Point 3 goes back to the assumption that the maximally great being would exist in all possible worlds, again without any justification to make such an assumption.
(20-03-2015 09:38 AM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(19-03-2015 06:13 PM)daniel1948 Wrote: 4., 5. and 6. The fourth, fifth, and sixth points would be true if the points above made any sense, but they don't, so these are irrelevant.
Points 4, 5 and 6 are irrelevant because they are just unnecessary conclusions already reached in point 3. If we jump to the assumption that this being exists in every possible world then we already assumed that it exists. The ontological argument might as well be just these three points; 1: God by definition exists, 2: Anything defined to exist, does in fact exist, 3: God exists. That is all the argument is, trying to define God into existence. It starts with the premise that God exists, and assumes this premise is true without ever actually logically demonstrating anything.
In basic Logic 101, this is an attempt at deductive reasoning, however the problem with deductive reasoning is that the premise has to be true and the reasoning is completely useless if the premise isn't true. So the ontological argument is useless until God can be objectively demonstrated to exist.
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RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 12:44 PM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:(20-03-2015 11:24 AM)RobbyPants Wrote: No, you'd just kill for him.
So you are the same as a member of ISIS? Would you strap on a bomb vest?
Skepticism is not a position; it is an approach to claims.
Science is not a subject, but a method.
RE: Question about flood
(20-03-2015 04:51 PM)Chas Wrote:(20-03-2015 12:44 PM)Call_of_the_Wild Wrote:
Of course, but only if the voices tell him to.
The people closely associated with the namesake of female canines are suffering from a nondescript form of lunacy.
"Anti-environmentalism is like standing in front of a forest and going 'quick kill them they're coming right for us!'" - Jake Farr-Wharton, The Imaginary Friend Show.
RE: Question about flood
Without re-reading this entire thread, I'm not sure which poster said that if God commanded him to kill his child, he'd assume God had a good reason for it, and he'd do it. This brings up one of the most fundamental reasons why religion is dangerous:
How in the world do you know it was God who told you to kill your child? You are simply not capable of distinguishing between the voice of God, the voice of Satan, or the voice arising from psychosis inside your own head. Lots of murderers say (and many actually believe) that God told them to commit their crimes.
A person who believes that God talks directly to him and gives him direct commands is a serious danger to everyone around him, and belongs in prison.
An atheist, on the other hand, knows that any voices in his head are just his head malfunctioning. So if the voices tell him to kill someone, he goes to a shrink instead of becoming a murderer. Only theists kill people on orders of voices in their head.
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nosotros por lágrimas."
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WW2 mortar bomb made safe in Mournes
A mortar bomb thought to date back to World War Two has been found in the Mourne Mountains.
The shell was discovered in the Blue Lough area, near Annalong, County Down.
It was made safe on Sunday by bomb experts who carried out a controlled explosion.
The area had been used during and after WW2 as an artillery firing range, and according to one mountain volunteer, "bits and pieces" of bombs are still being found years later.
"It was usually the navy who fired shells from the bay up into the Annalong valley, but this one would have been fired from a howitzer on the ground," said Mourne Heritage volunteer Seamus King.
"We're usually warning people about the erosion and the weather in the mountains, but this is another reason why people shouldn't stray off the paths.
"With the erosion, these are going to come to the surface more often and that is the danger."


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In the News: Cat Survives 11 Story Fall
In late December, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer ran a story about a local cat named Baxter who fell out a window and dropped eleven stories… and lived to tell the tale. This story could be evidence that cats really do have nine lives.
Baxter and his family had just moved into the downtown Seattle high-rise, so perhaps the cat didn't realize what he was getting himself into when he slipped out the window and stepped on the ledge. Baxter's owner, Diana McDougle, watched the whole thing happen but it happened too quickly for her to respond in time. When she looked out the window she saw her beloved cat lying on the concrete 11 stories below. She thought he had died.
But Baxter had survived. And by the time she ran down to where his body should have been, he was gone. A quick glance under a nearby car revealed the cat, who McDougle immediately rushed to the veterinarian. He was treated for a broken collarbone, dislocated sternum and swelling around the heart and lungs.
Luckily, Baxter was protected with pet insurance. And two months later is fully recovered from his injuries.
Amazing, no?
Read the full story on the Seattle PI.


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This is a salt lick that is also entertainment. Do you have any form of toys in your horses stall?
What stall toys do your horses have?
by Stacy Westfall | Oct 20, 2014 | Video | 11 comments
11 Comments
Terri Anderson on October 22, 2014 at 12:46 am
My reining horse has a crib toy that is an acrylic mirror with latches that slide, and a toy story vinyl doll on a cable….he spends a lot of time playing with his"guy"…we have had to replace the cable/rope several times…the first time I put it up and he saw himself in the mirror, he went outside around the corner (run) to see if there was a horse outside…too funny!!! He also plays with a plastic 55 gallon barrel when turned out….he picks it up with his teeth and throws it around..and chases it….he had a 30 gallon one, but could throw it over the fenceReply
Hughes Scott N Barrie on October 21, 2014 at 3:47 pm
I used to hang empty gallon milk jugs for them to toss around when we would bring them in during bad storms. Now they have big run-in sheds instead wherethey can go in and out at their leisure.Reply
Barb on October 21, 2014 at 3:27 am
When my horse had to have stall rest because of an injury – I would hide treats all over the stall for "hid and seek" – great way to get him back in there after a short walk. I also gave him a large cardboard box with a few treat in it – he loved squashing it. Unfortunately for me, he ended the game with a very long pee on the box. Just for me to carry the wet box out I'm sure!Reply
Calamity Rene on October 21, 2014 at 12:55 am
Unfortunately my horse does not play with toys unless I'm playing with him. When I'm there he'll play soccer and tug-o-war and all that fun stuff. Otherwise he'll ignore the toys and go play with anything he's NOT supposed to touch. 😉Reply
Lynn on October 20, 2014 at 11:38 pm
Yes, my horse gets bored so he has a big ball, salt lick,and a gallon plastic milk jug with pebbles in it. He is at a boarding stable that puts them in at night and out during the day.Reply
Marie on October 20, 2014 at 9:52 pm
I like having them in at night…so no cougars attack…and no toys, just the odd time i will give them a plastic bottle with some carrots/ apples pieces in it so they have to work to get to them…keep them busy..Reply
Leah on October 20, 2014 at 9:44 pm
My horses can 'talk' over the stall walls and they have these toys as in the video. The licks also come in glucose flavoured treats – well my mare and the gelding, who are next to each other, team up and one holds while the other eats and vice versa so they can through a whole treat in a night 🙂Reply
Linda Clark on October 20, 2014 at 6:52 pm
None, they are never in a stall.Reply
Lesia Lowe on October 20, 2014 at 5:56 pm
N/M… now its working…. 🙂Reply
Lesia Lowe on October 20, 2014 at 5:54 pm
says unavailable…Reply
Lesia Lowe on October 20, 2014 at 5:53 pm
cant see the video…. 🙁Reply


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Water leaking from fire hydrant since June freezes over
DETROIT (WJBK) - Driving down a sheet of ice, those living on Iverness Street on Detroit's west side hope the city will finally fix a fire hydrant that they say has been running since this summer. Neighbors tell us water has been spilling out since June.
"We've been calling and calling the water department and we haven't gotten any results. So, now, with winter, ice -- this is the results that we have," says Lori Mann.
Neighbors say driving on their street is like maneuvering an obstacle course. Neighbors have resorted to carrying out boiling water in pots to try and help them get through. While our FOX 2 crew was there, we even say a garbage truck that couldn't pass.
"I missed a day of work today because I couldn't get out," Mann adds.
Robert Bowers tells us that, all week, he's been helping his neighbors whose cars are getting stuck in the ice. He says the running hydrant is even causing problems for his basement.
"It floods everyday. Good thing I have a sump pump," he says.
FOX 2 Problem Solvers called the city for answers. Officials with the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department say they have no prior record of previous calls about the hydrant, but our crew saw an out-of-service tag on the hydrant.
They also say they have a hydrant crew and ice removal/salting team on the way to the area. The ice removal team will break up the ice and salt the area, and then the hydrant crew will disconnect the water hydrant.
Repairs on the hydrant have been scheduled for Friday.
In the meantime, though, residents say the City would respond sooner to their concerns.
UPDATE: On Friday afternoon, Lori called FOX 2 to let us know the hydrant has been fixed, and the street has been salted and cleared.


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Can ether of the two gaming stores get these minis?
A friend gave me the latest rules and I'm kinda interested in playing the game, but would rather not order the minis off line.
Heavy Gear
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