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Contemporary Guitarist - Performer - Composer - Recording Artist - Educator
Ratko Zjaca Quartet
All about this group is its emphasis on creativity and originality, they bring out every nuance and explore every crevice of brilliant compositions.
Ratko Zjaca
"Ratko presents a dynamic collection of jazz and attains something very rare indeed - a balance between body and soul." - Vernon Reid
"Once again I am pleased to hear that Ratko is continuing to carve his niche, as an important contributor to contemporary music. Enjoyable and inspiring." - Reggie Workman
"Ratko's new CD is full of great compositions played by a top notch band. With his lyrical playing, this makes for a most enjoyable listening experience." - John Abercrombie
"Ratko put together a great band and found beautiful original compositions for us to play on... it was a very free session, musically speaking everyone played their hearts out." - Randy Brecker
"My brother Mike thrived on originality, everything about him was different. He would have loved this CD which oozes originality and interaction at the highest level. These great musicians know how to LISTEN... this is just a stupendous effort... I really enjoyed it too!" - Randy Brecker
Ratko Zjaca with many critically acclaimed recordings under his name has recorded and performed with some of the most influential musicians in jazz and modern improvised music. He is an innovative musician, who is widely recognized as a technically advanced guitarist. He is known for being a relentless individualist, which is evidenced in his improvisational style. Ratko has had a prolific and extensive session history as a recording guitarist having played on many released recordings. He is a highly versatile player covering many areas of music but is best known for his work in the modern jazz and improvisation idiom. Ratko has released a number of albums as leader and sideman.
Ratko is considered a very gifted stylist, assumes many roles in his macrocosm of music: contemporary guitarist, composer, performer etc. Born in Croatia, Ratko in his early days was attracted by the sound of the guitar, both subversive sounds like those produced by Jimi Hendrix and from the classics like Bach and van Beethoven. He studied and graduated from Zagreb University. In his drive for the necessary knowledge and the enormous need for studies he sought his refuge in The Netherlands at the Rotterdam Conservatory, famous for its studies of modern music. There he could get teachings by well-known masters. He also followed masterclasses and personal courses with Joe Pass, Jim Hall, Pat Metheny, Mick Goodrick, Mike Stern, Bob Brookmayer, John Abercrombie and others.
Unlike some of his colleagues Ratko is not focusing only on saxophone phraseologies, but is continuously expanding the guitar's vocabulary within today's world of music. Whilst improving his performance to create his typical own sound and style, Ratko as a gifted teacher with a loaded teaching schedule, is capable of transposing most advanced phrases and concepts into structures, suitable for every musician. He gives master classes all around the world for guitar and fretless guitar, in countries like Slovenia, the Netherlands, France, Croatia and the United States.
After completing his study at the Rotterdam Conservatory, he also studied at New York University School of Music. He started to work with own group and with American trumpet veteran Benny Bailey. Ratko participated at many international festivals and has been booked for the major club dates at the European and American scene. Ratko has constantly made major efforts to enrich his experience with appearances and recordings. He was also performing and recording with Benny Bailey, Randy Brecker, Gary Peacock, Reggie Workman, John Pattituci, Al Foster, Steve Gadd, Antonio Sanchez, John Riley, Miroslav Vitous, Ron Carter, Jimmy Cobb, Jeff Tain Watts, Alvin Queen, Adam Nussbaum, Shawnn Monteiro, Denise Jannah, Renato Chicco, Stefano Bedetti etc.
In April 2000 Ratko recorded "A Day in Manhattan" in New York with the jazz stars Reggie Workman and Al Foster.
Ratko is currently composing music and working on a new world music project on which he plays baritone, sitar, fretless, soprano, electric and acoustic guitars - this will be the second part of his previous record Shades of Spirit, Fretless Guitar Project.
Ratko released a quartet recording, Crossing The Border, in New York City with John Patitucci, Al Foster and Stan Mitrovic, with all original compisitions of all members of the quartet.
Ratko released a record, Continental Talk, with John Patitucci, Steve Gadd, Randy Brecker and Stan Mitrovic.
Ratko just released a new record on In+Out Records, The Way We Talk, with Simone Zanchini, Adam Nussbaum and Martin Gjakonovski.
Ratko's new recording Now and Then is out with Simone Zanchini, Miroslav Vitous, John Patitucci, Reggie Workman, Steve Gadd, Randy Brecker and others on In + Out Records.
A new CD "Life on Earth" is coming out in January 2018 - Ratko with Antonio Sanchez, Stefano Bedetti and Renato Chicco.
Ratko performs on handcrafted guitars made by Chris Mirabella.
Ratko endorses Godin Guitars.
Ratko uses CP-1A pickups for acoustic guitar from Carlos Juan.
Ratko Zjaca is nominated for best jazz guitarist in South American El Intruso New Creative Music Critics Poll Award for 2010.
He recorded a new album with the ZZ Quartet 2013 Beyond the lines (Zjaca, Zanchini, Nussbaum, Gjakonovski).
A new CD "Don't Try This Anywhere" will be released in January 2016 - Ratko with Simone Zanchini, Adam Nussbaum, John Patitucci and Stefano Bedetti.
Selected discography
"Ratko Zjaca Nocturnal Mission Quartet"
"The Bag is Packed" - Benny Bailey Group
Ratko Zjaca Quartet live jazz festival
"A Day in Manhattan" - Ratko Zjaca, Reggie Workman, Al Foster
"Live" - Reggie Workman and Jim Cobb Sextet
"Shades of Spirit", Fretless Guitar Project - Ratko Zjaca and Stanislav Mitrovic
"Crossing The Border" - Ratko Zjaca, Stan Mitrovic, John Pattituci, Al Foster
"Continental Talk" - Ratko Zjaca, John Patitucci, Steve Gadd, Stan Mitrovic, Randy Brecker
"The Way We Talk" - Ratko Zjaca, Simone Zanchini, Adam Nussbaum, Martin Gjakonovski
"Now and Then" - Ratko Zjaca with Simone Zanchini, Miroslav Vitous, John Patitucci, Reggie Workman, Adam Nussbaum, Steve Gadd, Al Foster and others
"Beyond the Lines" - Ratko Zjaca, Simone Zanchini, Adam Nussbaum, Martin Gjakonovski
"Don't Try This Anywhere" - Ratko Zjaca, Simone Zanchini, John Patitucci, Adam Nussbaum and Stefano Bedetti - Coming 2016
Stan Mitrovic
He took first piano and then clarinet lessons at the state music school.
Played in different balkan traditional oriented bands from age of 16.
Move to The Netherlands in 1988, where he studied saxophone and bass clarinet at the conservatory of Rotterdam.
Co-founder and composer - arranger of "Double B", a world-jazz inspired reeds duo together with Akos Laki (Dutch jazz price 1996), recorded CD "Cha-chack train".
Recorded with Herbie Hancock Headhunters-rhythm section (Paul Jackon, Mike Clark) CD "Ethno-funk".
Played with Burton Green quartet and Greenes klezmer band Klezmokum, CD "Le dor va dor".
Numerous times played at North Sea Jazz Festival.
Played with Ratko Zjaca-Reggie Workman Quartet tour.
Endorsers for Selmer instruments.
Played tenor, alto saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet, electric wind instrument, several traditional flutes and keyboard.
CD: Continental Talk with Ratko Zjaca, John Patitucci, Randy Brecker, Steve Gadd
CD: Crossing the Border, with Ratko Zjaca, John Patitucci and Al Foster.
Martin Gjakonovski
Born in Skopje, Macedonia in a family of jazz musicians. His father was the founder and conducter of the macedonian Jazz Radio Big Band and his mother a jazz vocalist. Martin started playing classical double-bass at the age of 14, but soon his passion for jazz awoke and resulted with the founding of his first band, Trio Spato.
The opening door to the international jazz scene was a jazz workshop with the Coltrane bassplayer Reggie Workman in Groznjan, Croatia (1990).
In 1991 he moved to Cologne, Germany studying jazz bass at the Music Academy of Cologne.
He also learned from other great bassplayers such as Arild Andersen, John Clayton, Mike Richmond and Eddie Gomez.
In the coming years he became one of the busiest and most versatile bassists in Germany playing with such musicians as: Dusko Goykovich, Paul Shigihara, Ferenc Snetberger, David Friedman, Lee Konitz, Atilla Zoller, Don Friedman, Pete Yellin, Matt Wilson, Tony Lakatos, Ingrid Jensen, Andy Middleton, Kenny Wheeler, Kenny Werner, Charlie Mariano, Greg Hopkins, Don Menza etc.
In the last 10 years he worked and is still playing with Michael Sagmeister Trio, Dusko Goykovich Quintet, Nicolas Simion Group, Antonio Faraò Trio (feat. Bob Berg, Sonny Fortune, Rick Margitza, Gene Jackson), Lynne Arriale Trio (feat. Benny Golson, Steve Davis), Paul Kuhn Trio (feat. Toots Thielemans, Ack Van Rooyen, Jiggs Whigham), Bojan Z Expatriots, Paul Shigihara Group (feat. Mokhtar Samba), Frankfurt Jazz Trio and many others.
He has recorded more than 120 jazz and world music CDs.
Taco Gorter
Taco Gorter is known in and outside Holland as one of the most creative, groovy, versatile but most of all loving-to-play-great-music drummers of his generation. He masters Funk as well as Jazz. He is a Batucada specialist, plays Latin, Salsa, Samba with the big ones.
Taco played so much in the various clubs all over Holland and Europe for many years. He decided to e focus on his carreer as a professional drummer/percussionist/composer and recorded many CDs. For years at a stretch Taco played with various formations at various festivals,not to mention the North Sea Jazz Festival and playing with Roy Hargrove and many other famous musicians.


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JAPAN MULTI-CITY TOUR: How to Plan a Budget Trip
It was as though life was preparing me for Japan. When I was a High School sophomore and our History teacher assigned everyone in class a country for a report, I was given Japan. When I was a college sophomore, I was assigned Japan in both our World Cinema and

subset: commoncrawl


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There are certain fashion trends that all Pakistanis, whether boys or girls, have a hard time letting go of. But we're tired of them, and here are some of them:
- Chokers
Chokers were literally all the rage during the year 2016. Every girl was seen wearing these when they were best sellers on probably every online store, none of which were under Rs. 500.
Eventually, we found out that these are present in market thailas for not even Rs. 50. What a rip-off, right? Well, chokers as fashion trends are long gone now, and girls here really need to stop over-doing it.
- Cold Shoulder Tops
Cold shoulder tops were alright until designers started ruining perfectly gorgeous tops by taking out a chunk from the shoulders. Off the shoulders look nice, but cold shoulder tops? Seriously, about time we stop praising this look. Not only in desi clothes, but even in western clothing!
- Girls Peshawari Chappals:
I think we should let this one trend at least solely be a man's. Peshawari chappals don't look all that good in a feminine way, sorry girls.
- Nail Art:
Crazy nail art just doesn't click anymore. Nail art looks nice if it's kept simple, but these witch like nails are way outdated in fashion trends. Besides, acrylics are the new thing, and they look pretty classy.
- Putting lighter base:
Girls need to know their skin tone and wear a foundation as the base that suits them. Wearing a foundation two times lighter than your skin tone makes it look like your face belongs to another person and your body to some other.
- Plastic watches:
Let the plastic watches rest for children under 6 now guys, this is one of the fashion trends which are so uncool now.
- Footwear with lots of furs:
So many people need to understand that footwear with fur was meant to be an inside-the-house thing. But girls have been carrying this trend outside as well, and now it just doesn't look nice. Time to keep these furs inside now girls, and start following the latest shoe trends for a nice summer.
- Dungarees:
Desi cotton printed dungarees and jumpsuits need to be out of fashion already! They make you look and feel so uncomfortable. 2017 is definitely the year where we dump away all these dungarees.
- Hair spikes:
Men, please pay attention! This k3wL hairstyle has been out since 2014, so please have the heart to stop putting a massive amount of gel in your hair and making spikes. Cut your hair and look like a gentleman already.
- Joggers with shalwar kameez:
I think aunties won't ever give up on this one trend of all fashion trends… but we can hope they do.
- Huge reflective glasses:
Nope. Not at all. Huge reflective glasses are no longer "the thing".
- Men's skinny jeans:
Pinid boys alert! Skinny jeans in bright colors. STOP! Please pull up your pants and wear a belt, we don't want to see your pants fall down on the streets while you're walking.


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Severe undesirable symptoms of Librium 10 mg tablets are tremors, fever, inability to sit, yellowing of the skin or eyes, irregular heartbeat, severe skin reactions, difficulty in breathing or swallowing.


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August 4, 2015
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Categories: Communications
This is an excerpt of a bylined article appearing in the August issue of O'Dwyers. As most of us can attest, the pace of change has accelerated in recent years due to disruptions in a range of industries. McKinsey research...
June 16, 2014
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Categories: Change Engagement, Communications
Global health communications group Chandler Chicco Companies (CCC), part of inVentiv Health, today announced the launch of its Dynamic Change Engagement practice. This new practice leverages proprietary methodology based on best practices from models of human behavior and change management...
January 22, 2014
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Categories: Communications
The term "change management" has been bounced around for 10 to 15 years, but what does it mean and how does it help organizations? The approach has traditionally been to manage change, but a more proactive change engagement approach —...
January 9, 2014
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Categories: Communications
We're pleased to announce that Chandler Chicco Companies is a sponsor of the Holmes Report's In2 Summit at the Four Seasons San Francisco on January 22 and 23, 2014. The two-day Summit includes speakers from Twitter, Facebook, Google Ventures, Andreessen...
September 26, 2013
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Categories: Corporate, Health, Healthcare, Internal Communications
There's no question that healthcare as we know it is changing. While there's a growing discussion that the forthcoming disruptions may be the transformative innovation the healthcare industry needs, that won't make these changes easier to navigate. Every healthcare company...


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Contact Us
- Phone: (281)-488-0225
- Email:
- Mailing Address: 15700 Space Center Blvd. Houston, TX 77062
9:15AM Kids Small Groups -Gospel Project
10:30AM Kids Worship (during school year)
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All teachers are required to submit to a thorough background check. In addition, all teacher helpers must attend training.
Parents check children in and out of CLB using our KidCheck security system. Accounts may be set-up in advance from the comfort of your own home by visiting go.kidcheck.com.


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AutoSender 3.1 – automatic e-mailing from FileMaker Server 12Wednesday, June 13th, 2012
myFMbutler today announces AutoSender 3.1, a new version of the innovative tool that runs on FileMaker Server, and allows you to automatically send mail messages from your FileMaker solutions.
About AutoSender

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Top of the Line Compression Sleeves
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Made of 72% Nylon and 28% Lycra
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Kyle, TX 78640
Updated home in Post Oak is move-in ready with brand new laminate flooring throughout the downstairs and newly-installed carpet throughout the top floor. New roof and new water heater. New granite countertops and new stainless appliances can be found in the open and bright kitchen. Master bedroom has 2 closets and full garden tub/shower combo. Home is right around the corner from the community pool and playground!Seller providing Home Warranty for 1 year. Refrigerator will be added (not in pic yet)
Sonia Gill with Keller Williams Realty
2018 Tommy Hazelton. All rights reserved. © Collaborative Home Search by RealSavvy
Based on information from the Austin Board of REALTORS® for the period through [see date below]. All listing information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. The Austin Board of REALTORS®, ACTRIS and their affiliates provide the MLS and all content therein "AS IS" and without any warranty, express or implied. Listing information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing


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News & Notes
NewslettersTable Talk is an every other month publication of Ascension Lutheran Church. To view the most current issues, please click below. Additional information may be found in the full issue, available in the Members' Only section.
Christian Music Theater presents "Don't Shut Us Out!"
Christian Music Theater (CMT) is returning for its fifth year at Ascension Lutheran Church, and this year's play is called, "Don't Shut Us Out" by Kären Salveson. This cleverly-written musical incorporates fun and memorable music, witty drama, and an important and relevant message, taken from Matthew 25: Jesus Christ is with us all the time, especially in those around us who may be less fortunate or hungrier than we are.
The CMT performance is Saturday, June 25 at 5:00 PM in our sanctuary. The play will last about an hour, and will conclude with a fun ice cream social. Parents, families, and friends are all invited to the free performance.
We hope you can join us!
For more information about CMT, or to register your children, click here.
To see a PDF of our campus map, click here.
Ascension Lutheran Church is a safe haven where all people are wanted, welcomed, and accepted in Christ.


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Sandy Swimsuit
Product Code: Sandy
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Price: NZD$29.50
A simple straight forward Swimsuit. Soft cups set in a shelf bra, a moderate leg line, good all round coverage. Low scooped back. Full front power netting that gives great support. Suitable for shorter, wider body shape. Therefore not long enough in the body for taller ladies. Good back up swimsuit at a great price. Always worth a try.


text: Amigos Bravos Director Joe Zupan breaks down how successful the reintroduction of river otters has been in northern New Mexico. The environmental non-profit is also involved in testing for E Coli along the Rio Ferñando and wetlands restoration in the Lattire Wilderness. Author Mirabai Starr is live in-studio, reading from her memoir Caravan Of No Despair. And people rocked by the recent deaths in the community gathered at the Quail Ridge Inn last night to talk about how to move through this fragile time.


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Glacier Lake Trail is a 3.9 mile moderately trafficked out and back trail located near Randle, Washington that features a lake and is rated as moderate. The trail is primarily used for hiking and horses and is best used from May until November. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
dogs on leash
horseback riding
old growth
washed out
From Randle, east 12 miles on Highway 12 to Forest Service Road 21. Turn right and drive 5 miles to Forest Service Road 2110. Turn left and drive 0.5 mile to the trailhead on the right.
as of june 2018 part of the road broke away but park on the side and the walk is about 2 minutes till you get to a tee in the road go RIGHT for the trail. left takes you to an old logging road. boo. the hike is in view alongside the river. one part leads you strait to the river where you can sit and take a break or just take it all in. continue on and it leads you into the open forest, a continuous trail. then you're alongside an area with huge boulders all around. it leads to the lake but you can't really explore around the lake (a long time ago you could) as theres debree from old logs and brush. you can fish or theres open areas for camp and bon fire.
This trail is definitely uphill both ways. We went Saturday and camped for the night. Even though this is a short hike I'd say it was difficult especially carrying 30 to 40 pound backpacks. The lake is beautiful and the water was very clear. We were disappointed that you really can't hike around the lake and there really only seemed to be one spot you can camp which was right on the trail. I'd say this hike is best for in and out hiking and not camping.
A fun hike for families with older children/teenagers. A narrow, ever-changing trail through varied scenery. The trail seems to be constantly climbing or descending and by the end, you will feel like you went a lot longer than 4.4 miles. Glacier Lake is a gem! We went on a Friday afternoon and only ran into one other group of hikers. Beware, the last portion of the forest service road (2110) is closed due to a major wash-out - be ready to hike a little over half a mile from FD 21 to the trail head (mostly uphill, look for a small pink flag marking the turn-off to the right).
Not a hike for beginners, but a good workout for us 50 something's in good condition. The trail is mostly well maintained, and easily discernible, but there are some trees blocking the path. No horses could make it very far, and I would not recommend this for young children. It was a great day hike for us, the old growth forest is beautiful, the river about a third of the way in was fascinating, and Glacier Lake is clear, cold, and remote. All in all, it was a great hike.
Glacier lake hike was a tough hike for me. The trail is narrow and drops off in 2 or 3 spots, and the trail is either straight up or straight down for almost the entire hike. I think this trail is a one and done for me. I would not recommend it for little kids or horses.
Getting There: The signs along FR21 aren't all there so make sure you are keeping track of your mileage for the FR2110 turnoff. The sign for the turnoff still exist but for the return road (I know right?!?).
Hike: This short hike is definitely a tough one. As someone who gets out frequently and doesn't mind an ascent this was still a bit difficult. Mid-Summer heat on the sun exposed parts of the trail led to silt-like hills where you'll slowly avoid sliding. Once we got to the lake we dipped our feet in and enjoyed the scenery. It is not the best view, but overall this is a very involved hike. The town map says this hike is great for families and horses, but I don't see either make the entire trip up to the lake. UPHILL BOTH WAYS so don't think this is a simple walk.
Definitely a moderate hike with lot of a very steep up and downs. The lake is not particularly scenic and the trail seems quite narrow with drop offs that might be difficult or dangerous for horses. There were no obstacles on the trail. Parking was a little difficult and crowded, but it was Memorial Day weekend. Will probably not be back.
Hiked in early May. Beautiful view of Glacier Lake, well worth the hills to get there.
As others have stated, 3 miles in and 3 miles out. You almost start to question if you took the right path as you figure you should have been there by now. The lake is the payoff but it's not a lake you can sit with your feet in the water by the beach. It's very muddy, lots of stickers and bugs by the water. Nice camp spot hidden in the trees for those who wana stay the night. Bring OFF. Parking could be an issue.
This was rated as an easy hike. I felt it was for sure moderate. I also must have read the description wrong as I thought it was 3.2 miles total. But as I re read it did say 3.2 in and back. We did have to go over and under couple trees over the trail but no big deal. Lost the trail at the boulders so we went over and through them, however there was a path to the left, we just missed it. Will do it again.
This trail is true to the ol' saying, "Up hill both ways..."
Great work out and the trip in ended with 3 Brook trout worth keeping. Used an all orange Wedding Ring on a Spinning Reel.
Short. Elevation gain is moderate. The last couple hundred feet, the trail become scarce. Parking is limited at the trailhead.
Washouts on the spur road off of NF-21 add a half mile to the hike before you get to the trail head. Trail was clear, not overgrown, well used, always easy to find, but not exactly an easy hike. Lots of views of the raging creek, and the lake at the end is a nice payoff. Would be awesome to be able to hike around the lake, but the terrain is steep and rough. Good early season hike, I don't recall any mud on trail, although everything was soaking wet. From NF-21 the only sign pointing to the trail is seen when coming down the hill, so the spur road is easy to miss.
many trees over the trail and washouts making hiking difficult. Nice lake and views with good fishing. Group of college age people with 8balls and shotguns partying at the trail end making my experience uncomfortable and sketchy. If not for that would have been great.
The trail is all but impassable for those without rope teams. I am Packwood search and rescue and would honestly arrest myself if I had to rescue me along this trail; ignoring all the warning signs! Finally making it to the lake...it is filled with something dark, sinister if you will. My advice? Find somewhere else to go!
As of July 2010, the trail was nearly impassable and from the looks of it, will not be fixed anytime soon. There are many, many trees down across trail and landslides as well. The Fish in the lake are well worth the trip as it is plum-full of Brook Trout.


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Here we have a vintage dimensional red ribbon with white lace trim. This is just under 4 yards 21" and, 2 1/4" wide at the widest points.
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Clen has a powerful anabolic effect and is used by fitness buffs and bodybuilders to get lean tissue, and it's also used during post cycle therapy as an anabolic protective agent.
But most people are interested in its fat burning properties, and it's not hard to figure out how this works.
As a stimulant, clen increases your body's temperature so you're able to burn calories faster: your fat cells get stimulated and triglycerides are broken down more quickly, so you lose weight and fat faster.
If you take a look at the way the people use clen, it's obvious they often use it during the last stages of preparation for fat loss, and this also makes clen ideal for use in fitness, bodybuilding and other related competitions and activities.
If you do some research you'll also realize that clen is frequently used during the last 8 to 10 weeks before a competition.
The point is that clen is just as effective for men and women who want to lose excess fat as well those who are already lean and want to get rid of the last vestiges of excess fat in their body.
Many athletes who use Clenbuterol claim that it promotes dramatic strength increases and a very noticeable reduction in body fat and weight loss.
Some athletes claim that they enjoyed significant gains in muscle mass while using Clenbuterol. Clenbuterol's most valid application seems to be as a pre-contest, cutting drug. It is not banned by any athletic committee; thus, numerous professional bodybuilders have used it for the last month of contest preparation. Cycles range from 6-12 weeks in length. Side effects include nervousness, tremors of the hands, headaches, and insomnia. The reason although it is fairly anabolic, and it promotes the burning of fatty acids through brown fat burning.
Clenbuterol Dosage
Before you look for clenbuterol for sale, it's a good idea to learn the appropriate dosage.
For first time users it's good to start with 20 mcg or 40 mcg, but there's usually no reason to go much higher than that even if you're after superior performance.
Men will usually go for 40 mcg to start with, and while some women may opt for 40 mcg as well, it's better to go with 20 mcg first and give your body time to adapt.
The dosages given here are for beginners, and once you have grown accustomed to the effects, you can increase the dosage and add other steroids to your cycle. Again, what you add and use depends entirely on your goal.
To say that Clenbuterol use is rampant in bodybuilding right now would be an understatement. Thousands and thousands of athletes are using this drug. I personally know a number of pro football players, foreign Olympic athletes, and professional bodybuilders who are using clenbuterol. In addition, I have received feedback from at least 200 other athletes who have experimented with this novel compound. Generally, the feedback from clenbuterol users is that the drug produces dramatic body composition alterations. One Canadian strength coach compared the results he has seen in athletes using Clenbuterol to what one might experience while using a stack of Anavar and Halotestin. Within weeks of beginning Clenbuterol therapy, many athletes notice a significant strength increase and a dramatic reduction in body fat. The results that occur secondary to Clenbuterol administration seem to occur equally in men and women as well as young and old.
The trick of using Clenbuterol successfully seems to be avoiding receptor downgrade which occurs rapidly with the use of this beta agonist. In fact, one clinical study showed downgrade at receptor as much as 50% experienced after using Clenbuterol for as little as 18 days consecutively. The same study showed that attenuation can be avoided if Clenbuterol is taken in a '2 day on' then '2 day off' pattern. Athletes using Clenbuterol Buy Online in this manner have reported much greater results than those who use the product continualy which seems to support the theory that attenuation can be at least partially avoided by staggering the dosage. Athletes have also made a habit of cycling Clenbuterol in an effort to minimize side effects as well as prevent receptor downgrade. Average cycle length on Clenbuterol is 8-10 weeks with a 4-6 week off period.
Common Uses
Post Cycle Therapy:
Clenbuterol is used post cycle to aid in recovery. It allows people to keep eating large amounts of foot without adding excess adipose tissue (fat).
Alternative To Steroids:
Clenbuterol has a mild steroid like affect and can be used by athletes that do not use anabolic steroids, to increase lean body mass. A diet high in protein high in carbs and low in fat may work well for the average athlete.
And last but not least…
Fat Loss:
This is the most popular use for Clenbuterol Buy Online. It promotes muscle hardness vascularity and strength when on a calories deficit diet.
Cycling Clenbuterol
A first time user should not exceed 40 mcg the first day. Increase by one tablet until the side effects are not tolerable.
Example of a first cycle:
Day 1: 20 mcg
Day 2: 40 mcg
Day 3: 60 mcg
Day 4: 80 mcg
Day 5: 80 mcg (Note: Increase the dose only when the side effects are tolerable)
Day 6 – Day 12: 100 mcg
Day 13: 80 mcg (Tapering is not necessary, but it helps some users get back to normal gradually)
Day 14: 60 mcg
Day 15: off
Day 16: off
Example of a second cycle:
Day 1: 60 mcg
Day 2: 80 mcg
Day 3: 80 mcg
Day 4: 100 mcg
Day 5: 100 mcg
Day 6 – Day 12: 120 mcg
Day 13: 100 mcg
Day 14: 80 mcg
Day 15: off
Day 16: off
A Short Overview of Clenbuterol
Clenbuterol is a bronchodilator used for treating asthma, but it's also an effective steroid, and the main reason men and women buy clen is because it helps with bodybuilding preparation, but it can do a lot more.
Clenbuterol for weight loss is something that most people are familiar with, but it's also used for treating an assortment of breathing disorders.
For male and female athletes and bodybuilders however, its fat loss properties are the most important element, and it also works on your sympathomimetic nervous system, enhancing your metabolic rate in the process.
Clenbuterol Gel, Liquid, Tablets, Powder
Clen reviews have shown the steroid is now available in various forms such as pills, tablets, powder, liquid, gel and so on.
This raises the question of which form is the most effective, and the answer is it depends on your personal preference.
Most users prefer pills and tablets because they're convenient, whereas liquid and powder clen can be messy and requires preparation.
Of course it still comes down to what you like so take that into consideration.
Is Clen the Best Supplements for Weight Loss?
Clenbuterol cycle dosage and the subsequent results have had some users comparing it with other diet pills and programs.
While there are a lot of diet supplements online, clen is certainly miles ahead most diet pills and programs out there, especially in terms of providing the results you're looking for.
Unlike crash diets, there are few serious side effects with clen, and a lot of people have used it and confirmed that it does work.
Another reason why clenbuterol for sale continues to do well is you can use it as part of a stack for building muscles, cutting or bulking.
Given the way it works, it's not surprising that clen has proven to be popular, and it's more than a match for other weight loss supplements.
Losing Weight Quickly with Clen Sopharma
Clen stack with other steroids help, but even when taken alone, clen is great for losing weight and body fat. The effects are most notable during the first four weeks.
For the best results you should take the appropriate clen dosage as described above and of course, going on a healthy diet.
The best way to lose weight is to use any of the previously mentioned methods for using the steroid, namely the two days on / two days off, two weeks on / two weeks off and continuous use with incremental increase.
The Two Week Rotation is especially attractive for a lot of people because it's easy to follow; to recap, the Two Week Rotation simply means taking clen for two weeks straight and stopping for two weeks straight.
You simply go through the Two Week Rotation cycle until you have lost the weight you want. Since this method became popular variations have appeared, but the most common is to commence with 20 mcg and increase the dosage by 20 mcg for the next two weeks.
You keep increasing the dosage until the maximum level is reached. After you reach the max, take that for two weeks and then stop taking clen for a couple of weeks. If you haven't attained your goal yet after those two weeks, take clen again, still at maximum dosage, for another two weeks.
The Two Week Rotation can be effective and is used by a lot, but it's not without issues. For instance, not taking clen for two weeks is going to have an effect on your metabolism, and to be specific it's going to reduce the metabolic rate.
This does not mean you won't lose weight when you are off clen, but the weight loss won't be as significant. That won't be an issue of course, if you are already lean and simply trying to lose more fat.
If that method doesn't work for you, consider the continuous use method where you take clen for several weeks nonstop.
This might seem too much for beginners because of the aforementioned side effects similar to those of a stimulant, but those wear off quickly and you'll be able to get used to it after a few days.
When using this method, take 20 to 40 mcg every day for three weeks and then add 20 mcg to the dosage and stick to that for another three weeks. After the three weeks has elapsed, add another 20 mcg.
Keep adding 20 mcg until you reach the end of your diet or weight loss program. What makes this method attractive for a lot of people is the fact that it keeps your metabolism on a high.
It has to be stressed that while clen is a potent weight loss solution, this isn't a magic diet pill that's going to make those extra pounds disappear and make you slimmer overnight.
It doesn't work that way, and no pill can do that. You still need to eat right and exercise on a regular basis.
This might raise the question, why use clen at all? The answer is it helps your body lose the excess fat.
In effect your body will use clen as a thermogenic, making it easier for your body to burn fats by increasing your metabolism, and the faster your metabolism burns, the quicker and more effective the process will be.
This isn't a cure for obesity, and if you're overweight by a significant number of pounds, it's best to go on a diet first and lose as much fat as you can.
When you've lost some pounds, then you should use clen and continue your exercise and diet program. What this means basically is this steroid is most effective for getting rid of the stubborn fat in your body.
As was pointed out above, you don't have to in top condition to take advantage of clen, but if you're lean and want to get in even better shape, clen will certainly help. Just remember that losing weight will be much quicker if you take the time and effort to lose weight with diet and exercise.


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We Call Your U.S. MLM Leads
Warning: Picking up the phone and calling a lead can cause you high anxiety
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If you give me your attention for 2 minutes I will show you 2 steps to you only calling leads who are waiting for your call.
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What is the conversion rate on the We Call Your Leads service?
We've had that question a few times and so we started measuring it so that we had a pretty correct answer for you.
Now bear in mind it varies quite a bit and that is because of the variances in scripts. That's really the only thing that changes.
The leads are the same, the calling agents are the same, so the only variance is the scripts.
We also noticed that people selecting 10 hours over 5 hours of calling got a much better results. This is due to the fact that often people are not reachable for any number of reasons and so a second or third call can make the difference.
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If you are one who is expecting, you don't have to be worrying if you think often dizzy in pregnancy. It is really common in this phase to encounter nausea and fainting for several factors. Even though it simply matter of no grave issue, it simply cannot be ignored. Most ladies feel dizziness throughout the very first trimester of being pregnant that can last till childbirth.
Dizziness as well as fainting is typical in earlier pregnancy. It will always be due to low glucose levels and increased levels of pregnancy bodily hormones within your body.
Dizziness is usually made even worse when you have:
In pregnancy, swings in your own blood pressure levels could make you feel dizzy or even faint. The hormone progesterone can make your own veins dilate, creating your own blood pressure to decrease. This might be even worse if you sit down or endure too quickly.
Since your maternity advances, you should have more bloodstream and liquid within your body to fit your growing baby. This could improve your own blood pressure level and result in severe headaches and nausea.
Here in this article we now have explained top 5 causes, with their cures, of fainting as well as nausea to allow you to recognize the situation and seize excellent proper care of oneself obviously during this critical time.
1. Blood Pressure Levels:
The most typical element which causes fainting in pregnancy is the unsteady amounts of your blood pressure levels throughout the very first 4 months of pregnant state. A woman's circulatory process grows immediately within this time, producing the blood pressure levels to drop.
2. Lower Blood Sugar—Hypoglycemia:
An additional typical reason leading to nausea is lower blood sugar stage that happens within your body because of changes in your own metabolism. Ladies who have varicose veins could be a lot more prone to dizziness compared to other people.
3. Faintness Because Of Lying on Your own Back:
Lying down on your own back permits the weight of your child to push on your vena cava. Supine hypertensive disorder grows in the 3rd trimester, and when you lay down on the back the center pumps less bloodstream therefore you are likely to feel nervous and faintness until your own position shifts.
4. Anemia:
Anemia grows because of insufficient volume of iron, folate as well as vitamin B12 in pregnant ladies. The fetus takes its dose of iron that could be acquired only from mom.
5. Hyperventilation:
Hyperventilation leads to uplifts inhaling and exhaling rate compared to the normal amount needed by your entire body. This produces a gas known as carbon monoxide that will make you sense dizzy. The problem flares up in the very first trimester and also occurs mainly because of lack of physical condition, obesity, asthma attack, fever, irritation, anxiety, pneumonia, medicines or COPD, which in the end cause you to lose your own awareness.


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Project Baseline
May 19, 2017
The days of claiming artificial intelligence as a feature that set one startup or company apart from the others are over. These days, one would be hard-pressed to find any technology company attracting venture funding or partnerships that doesn't posit to use some form of machine learning. But for companies trying to innovate in healthcare using artificial intelligence, the stakes are...
Verily, Stanford and Duke kick off Project Baseline study to develop broad reference of human health
April 20, 2017
Alphabet-owned Verily has launched the Project Baseline Study, a collaborative effort with Stanford Medicine and Duke University School of Medicine to amass a large collection of broad phenotypic health data in hopes of developing a well-defined reference of human health. Project Baseline aims to gather data from around 10,000 participants, each of whom will be followed for four years, and will...
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Bearpaw Shoes: Where Comfort Meets Fashion
September 21, 2009 by fashiongrail
Filed under Fashion Tips & Finds
Looking to add some zest to your boot collection? Look no further than Bearpaws. Stylish and comfy beyond belief, Bearpaw boots are the perfect statement piece in any season featuring sheepskin lining and classic detailing. With Fall creeping in and the nights getting cooler, you'll definitely find me slipping a pair of Bearpaw boots over leggings or skinny jeans!


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I found myself being often confused about how to do this and by various posts and tutorials online I realized that, if I could put together a step-by-step tutorial, that might be (hopefully) useful...so there we go.
First question: Why would you want to do survival analysis based on gene expression data? Well, let's say you have a number of genes that you are interested in and they are differentially expressed between tumor and normal samples, it would be very powerful to show that alteration in gene expression correlates with worse survival or earlier tumor recurrence.
Here's a brief overview of what's in here:
- obtain the data (RNASeq and clinical data)
- prepare the data for the analysis
- run the analysis and interpret the results
In this tutorial I will be using data from kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma - KIRC) that you can get as follows:
- go to FireBrowse ( http://gdac.broadinstitute.org/ ), select "Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma" -> "Browse"
- it should open a page with various data sets for KIRC
- from "mRNASeq" select "illuminahiseq_rnaseqv2-RSEM_genes_normalized" and save it on your computer
- from "Clinical" select "Merge_Clinical" and download it
- unzip the files by double clicking on them
- rename the folders as "RNA" and "Clinical"
Now you can switch to R, you will need the package "survival" (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/survival/index.html)
# set directory to where the RNA and Clinical folders are
# read RNA file
rna <- read.table('RNA/KIRC.rnaseqv2__illuminahiseq_rnaseqv2__unc_edu__Level_3__RSEM_genes_normalized__data.data.txt',nrows=20533, header=T,row.names=1,sep='\t')
# and take off first row cause we don't need it
rna <- rna[-1,]
# and read the Clinical file, in this case i transposed it to keep the clinical feature title as column name
clinical <- t(read.table('Clinical/KIRC.merged_only_clinical_clin_format.txt',header=T, row.names=1, sep='\t'))
# first I remove genes whose expression is == 0 in more than 50% of the samples:
rem <- function(x){
x <- as.matrix(x)
x <- t(apply(x,1,as.numeric))
r <- as.numeric(apply(x,1,function(i) sum(i == 0)))
remove <- which(r > dim(x)[2]*0.5)
remove <- rem(rna)
rna <- rna[-remove,]
Now I need to identify normal and tumor samples. this is done using the TCGA barcode (https://wiki.nci.nih.gov/display/TCGA/TCGA+barcode). The two digits at position 14-15 of the barcode will indicate teh sample type, from the link:
"Tumor types range from 01 - 09, normal types from 10 - 19 and control samples from 20 - 29."
# see the values
# 0 1
# 534 72
So we have 534 tumor and 72 normal
# get the index of the normal/control samples
n_index <- which(substr(colnames(rna),14,14) == '1')
t_index <- which(substr(colnames(rna),14,14) == '0')
# apply voom function from limma package to normalize the data
vm <- function(x){
cond <- factor(ifelse(seq(1,dim(x)[2],1) %in% t_index, 1, 0))
d <- model.matrix(~1+cond)
x <- t(apply(x,1,as.numeric))
ex <- voom(x,d,plot=F)
rna_vm <- vm(rna)
colnames(rna_vm) <- gsub('\\.','-',substr(colnames(rna),1,12))
# and check how data look, they should look normally-ish distributed
# we can remove the old "rna" cause we don't need it anymor
Now we can finally scale the data. the reason to do so is because we don't want to use ONLY the fold changes. if we use FC then we average the expression values across all samples, losing the heterogeity that is characteristic of those data. we therefore transform data to z-score so that per each patient for each gene we will have a measure of how many SD away from the mean that is and we will consider those with Z > +/- 1.96 (roughly p=0.05 or 2 SD away) to be differentially expressed
To obtain z-scores for the RNASeq data, we use following formula:
z = [(value gene X in tumor Y)-(mean gene X in normal)]/(standard deviation X in normal)
# calculate z-scores
scal <- function(x,y){
mean_n <- rowMeans(y) # mean of normal
sd_n <- apply(y,1,sd) # SD of normal
# z score as (value - mean normal)/SD normal
res <- matrix(nrow=nrow(x), ncol=ncol(x))
colnames(res) <- colnames(x)
rownames(res) <- rownames(x)
for(i in 1:dim(x)[1]){
for(j in 1:dim(x)[2]){
res[i,j] <- (x[i,j]-mean_n[i])/sd_n[i]
z_rna <- scal(rna_vm[,t_index],rna_vm[,n_index])
# set the rownames keeping only gene name
rownames(z_rna) <- sapply(rownames(z_rna), function(x) unlist(strsplit(x,'\\|'))[[1]])
rm(rna_vm) #we don't need it anymore
It might take some time, depending from your computer, be patient
Now we can start using the clinical data:
# match the patient ID in clinical data with the colnames of z_rna
clinical$IDs <- toupper(clinical$patient.bcr_patient_barcode)
sum(clinical$IDs %in% colnames(z_rna)) # we have 529 patients that we could use
# get the columns that contain data we can use: days to death, new tumor event, last day contact to....
ind_keep <- grep('days_to_new_tumor_event_after_initial_treatment',colnames(clinical))
# this is a bit tedious, since there are numerous follow ups, let's collapse them together and keep the first value (the higher one) if more than one is available
new_tum <- as.matrix(clinical[,ind_keep])
new_tum_collapsed <- c()
for (i in 1:dim(new_tum)[1]){
if ( sum ( is.na(new_tum[i,])) < dim(new_tum)[2]){
m <- min(new_tum[i,],na.rm=T)
new_tum_collapsed <- c(new_tum_collapsed,m)
} else {
new_tum_collapsed <- c(new_tum_collapsed,'NA')
# do the same to death
ind_keep <- grep('days_to_death',colnames(clinical))
death <- as.matrix(clinical[,ind_keep])
death_collapsed <- c()
for (i in 1:dim(death)[1]){
if ( sum ( is.na(death[i,])) < dim(death)[2]){
m <- max(death[i,],na.rm=T)
death_collapsed <- c(death_collapsed,m)
} else {
death_collapsed <- c(death_collapsed,'NA')
# and days last follow up here we take the most recent which is the max number
ind_keep <- grep('days_to_last_followup',colnames(clinical))
fl <- as.matrix(clinical[,ind_keep])
fl_collapsed <- c()
for (i in 1:dim(fl)[1]){
if ( sum is.na(fl[i,])) < dim(fl)[2]){
m <- max(fl[i,],na.rm=T)
fl_collapsed <- c(fl_collapsed,m)
} else {
fl_collapsed <- c(fl_collapsed,'NA')
# and put everything together
all_clin <- data.frame(new_tum_collapsed,death_collapsed,fl_collapsed)
colnames(all_clin) <- c('new_tumor_days', 'death_days', 'followUp_days')
Now, to do survival analysis we need three main things:
- time: this is the time till an event happens
- status: this indicates which patients have to be kept for the analysis
- event: this tells i.e. which patients have the gene up- or down-regulated or have no changes in expression
Since we want to do censored analysis, we need to have something to censor the data with. For example, if a patient has no death data BUT there is a date to last followup it means that after that day we know nothing about the patient, therefore after that day it cannot be used for calculations/Kaplan Meier plot anymore, therefore we censor it. so now we need to create vectors for both 'time to new tumor' and 'time to death' that contain also the data from censored individuals.
# create vector with time to new tumor containing data to censor for new_tumor
all_clin$new_time <- c()
for (i in 1:length(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_tumor_days)))){
all_clin$new_time[i] <- ifelse ( is.na(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_tumor_days))[i]),
# create vector time to death containing values to censor for death
all_clin$new_death <- c()
for (i in 1:length(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$death_days)))){
all_clin$new_death[i] <- ifelse ( is.na(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$death_days))[i]),
Now we need to create the vector for censoring the data which means telling R which patients are dead or have new tumor. in this case if a patient has a "days_to_death" it will be assigned 1, and used in the corresponding analysis. the reason why we censor with death events even for recurrence is pretty important. a colleague made me notice that this is a competitive risk problem, where, although a patient can recur and then die, if a patient is dead, it will not recur, therefore is more accurate to censor for death events.
# create vector for death censoring
# alive dead
# 372 161
all_clin$death_event <- ifelse(clinical$patient.vital_status == 'alive', 0,1)
#finally add row.names to clinical
rownames(all_clin) <- clinical$IDs
Now, one more thing to do is to use the z-score values we obtained from the RNASeq data and define which samples are altered or do not change in this case I just look at mRNA deregulation, you can divide the data into up- and down- regulated too if you wish
# create event vector for RNASeq data
event_rna <- t(apply(z_rna, 1, function(x) ifelse(abs(x) > 1.96,1,0)))
# since we need the same number of patients in both clinical and RNASeq data take the indices for the matching samples
ind_tum <- which(unique(colnames(z_rna)) %in% rownames(all_clin))
ind_clin <- which(rownames(all_clin) %in% colnames(z_rna))
# pick your gene of interest
ind_gene <- which(rownames(z_rna) == 'TP53')
# check how many altered samples we have
# run survival analysis
s <- survfit(Surv(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_death))[ind_clin],all_clin$death_event[ind_clin])~event_rna[ind_gene,ind_tum])
s1 <- tryCatch(survdiff(Surv(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_death))[ind_clin],all_clin$death_event[ind_clin])~event_rna[ind_gene,ind_tum]), error = function(e) return(NA))
# extraect the p.value
pv <- ifelse ( is.na(s1),next,(round(1 - pchisq(s1$chisq, length(s1$n) - 1),3)))[[1]]
# plot the data
col=c(1:3), frame=F, lwd=2,main=paste('KIRK',rownames(z_rna)[ind_gene],sep='\n'))
# add lines for the median survival
x1 <- ifelse ( is.na(as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][1])),'NA',as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][1]))
x2 <- as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][2])
if(x1 != 'NA' & x2 != 'NA'){
# add legend
legend(1800,0.995,legend=paste('p.value = ',pv[[1]],sep=''),bty='n',cex=1.4)
legend(max(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$death_days)[ind_clin]),na.rm = T)*0.7,0.94,
Now, the p.value in this case tells you that patients with altered TP53 have a worse survival…sad but true.
The same concept can be applied to time to new tumor (new_time) (disease free survival, or DFS) and the resulting graph is the following:
This approach is very flexible, I leave to the reader the satisfaction to subset the events in up/downregulation and/or add covariates.
I know there are a number of different ways of doing this, hopefully this will be clear enought that the reader can replicate this.
Lastly, thanks for getting till down here, comments, critiques, corrections etc are always welcome :)
used voom transformation for RNASeq data
created the death event vector based on the vital status from the clinical data
updated code and images based on the results
corrected the last
rna_logvariable (leftover from previous versions) to
updated "min" to "max" for the "days_to_last_followup" based on cying comment
- updated "min" to "max" for the new_tumor and death
- changed the
ifsumisissue with brackets
I think this is a great tutorial, thanks for posting!
One thing I would add is to be careful of how you define a recurrence for the DFS data. While overall survival is rather straightforward, DFS can get complicated and is tumor dependent. For example, in head and neck cancer a patient is clinically classified as "WITH TUMOR" until the tests can be performed to verify the tumor is gone (which can be months from the original appointment). This can result in a "WITH TUMOR" classification in TCGA data for the first followup when really the patient was tumor free, they just haven't had the test done yet. Also, in HNSC tumors patients re-diagnosed with a tumor within 6 months of treatment completion it is considered part of the original tumor, not a new tumor, so it is residual tumor and not a recurrence. For HNSC at least (according to my expert collaborators) a re-diagnosed patient is considered to have a recurrence of the original tumor if it's between 6 months and 5 years, and 5 years post-treatment it is considered a new primary tumor. Of course these may be different for each tumor type. So, if one is looking to publish survival plot for DFS I would urge them to talk to a specialist in the cancer type to get specific guidelines on what disease-free survival means, and then manually clean up the DFS time points and events before plotting using the treatment data as a guide.
@alolex - thanks for the insightful feedback. you definitely make a valid point and I agree with you, the concept of DFS can be molded depending upon annotation accuracy/frequency and tumor type. and also, yes, before publishing any study on clinical data I would warmly suggest to talk to a clinician/statistician to make sure that the results make sense.
as for the KIRC data go, there is a "person_neoplasm_cancer_status" field that indicates whether the patient is "with tumor" or "tumor free". for the purpose of the tutorial I censored based on the presence of a "days_to_new_tumor_event" value but I agree it is more accurate to use the "with tumor" or "tumor free" indicators. I will update the code asap. thaks
@TriS thank you for this useful tutorial !
I think it would be better to change the lg2 function to:
lg2 <- function(x){ x <- as.matrix(x) x <- t(apply(x,1,as.numeric)) res <- log2((x+1)) return(res) }
@al3n70rn - thanks for the feedback, I'll change that. I was also looking into the VST transformation from DESeq2 which might even be a better choice. I'll add that asap
@TriS - Do you have a github account? It might be a good idea to post this script there so people can easily download and make code change suggestions via Github.
Great tutorial, Thanks!
I had a problem when using the TCGA BRCA data, the rnal_log is not being created. So downstream analysis is not performed. It seems the n_index and t_index are formed and also the voom function is fine.
Thanks a lot for your help!
that is actually a typo on my side, my apologies, it's the
rna_vm, not
rna_log, that's probably leftover from the first version i wrote, without adding the latest edits.
thanks for catching it, i'm gonna fix it now
Great ! it worked now. Thanks a lot.
link to the Firehouse should be updated
excluding the closing paranthesis.
Thank you so much for a great tutorial.
Sorry if these queries are a bit basic - probably need some more R learning!
Firstly, could I please ask how we would go about limiting this to, for example, five year overall survival?
Finally, how would I go about limiting the results to say just those who had radiotherapy (patient.radiation_therapy = yes)
Thanks again!
there are a couple of things you could do.
1) keep the survival/follow up time only up to 5 years -> 5(yrs)*365(days)=1825(days)
2) treatment data should be in the merged survival file, if not they are in one of the other files you can download. you need to create a dummy variable with therapy_yes=1 therapy_no=0 and select out only the patients with a 1..there are a million ways of selecting them out, this is just one of them.
3) last but most important, you might want to look up some basic survival analysis in R and how to extract subsets of data. this sounds basic but it's vital since it's what allows you to do things correctly and what you will refer to when you want to do a lil trickier analysis like the one you are asking
TriS Thank you so much for this tutorial. I found it very helpful.
I am interested in comparing the patients with overexpression of a gene and underexpression of that gene. To this end, I want to compare survival of patients with Z-score in the range <-1.96, versus [-1,1] versus > 1.96.
Is it correct to do the following?
event_rna <- t(apply(z_rna, 0, function(x) ifelse(x > 1.96,2,ifelse(x < -1.96,1,0)))) # for up and down regulated
yes, that should work, however, the apply function you wrote has an error/typo, you need to use "1" to apply the function row by row
event_rna <- t(apply(z_rna, 1, function(x) ifelse(x > 1.96,2,ifelse(x < -1.96,1,0))))
Hi thanks for the great tutorial. Was there a particular reason you used the normalized gene count as opposed to the raw or scaled estimate? thank you!
yes and no. those data were available from Firehose but you can apply the same pipeline to other measurements i.e. raw counts
Thank you - reason why I ask is because I'm wondering what the reasoning behind using the the voom transformation? I would assume since the data is "normalized" wouldn't we be able to bypass this step? sorry I'm just trying to understand this a bit more so I'm wondering if you can elaborate on this a bit more. thanks
no probs, asking is good. you could use other transformations too. voom transformation is very practical and better than i.e. just taking the log2. here and here there are a few info about why voom is a good method + you can also use it with RPKM, which were the data available from TCGA. however, if you had raw counts you could have used DESEq2 to transform the data, for the sake of this tutorial and this analysis I don't think it will make a big difference (note: this should be tested!!). I do prefer to normalize because of the skeweness of the RNASeq/RPKM data which could inflate the actual differences between the different samples/genes.
I am very new to this kind of analysis and try to do my first using your great tutorial. I took a look at this link which I think is the paper introducing voom. It says that this method can be used with RPKM values, but RNAseq data you provided in this tutorial is normalized with RSEM method. Does this make any difference?
Great post. I have several questions/feedback:
- Why did you use
KIRC.merged_only_clinical_clin_format.txtinstead of
- There is a
Clinical_Pick_Tier1file when you go to FireBrowse > KIRC > Clinical. Do you know what it is and how it is different than the one you used? I just checked the final numbers for
new_deathand they correspond to
days_to_death(for event dead) and
days_to_last_followup(for event alive) combined in the
Clinical_Pick_Tier1file. If you use that file, you might save all the processing that you are doing to get the numbers for
- Although the numbers for survival match, your
death_eventis different than those given in the file (given as
vital_status). I don't know how that file was processed so cannot comment on who is incorrect but wanted to put it out there.
- Why are you using
new_tum_collapsedinstead of
maxwhen you just want the highest value?
- For each of the collapse methods, I had to convert the columns to numeric for e.g.
fl <- apply(fl, 2, as.numeric)otherwise I had character and factors which messed up the min/max values.
- you can use either, I just picked one. this tutorial is a guideline, not a rule
- I didn't know that was available at the time of this tutorial, thank you for bringing that up, it is very useful
- this post is almost a year and a half old, I would expect some differences in the events
- because I took the time at which the first tumor re-appeared, not the last one
- ok
Hi, Tris
Thanks for the great tutorial. it is exactly what I want to do on colorectal cancer datasets. I'm an extreme newbie to bioinformatics, being able to run it on my dataset would be something big already. but I seem to have some difficulties in plotting median survival, when I run it on either your original dataset or the colorectal cancer dataset it gives me error message as follow:
> x1 <- ifelseis.na(as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][1])),"NA",as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][1]))
> x2 <- as.numeric(summary(s)$table[,'median'][2])
> if(x1 != "NA" & x2 != "NA"){
+ lines(c(0,x1),c(0.5,0.5),col="blue")
+ lines(c(x1,x1),c(0,0.5),col="black")
+ lines(c(x2,x2),c(0,0.5),col="red")
+ }
Error in if (x1 != "NA" & x2 != "NA") { :
missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
Would you mind help me to look into this, if you get a chance? I truly have no idea of how to correct this. Very much appreciated
Did you figure out how to do this ? I am getting exactly same problem as well !!
Check the values of x1 and x2 to figure out if those are as expected, something is wrong in those.
clinical <- t(read.table("Clinical/BRCA.merged_only_clinical_clin_format.txt", header = T, row.names = 1, sep = "\t"))
Error in scan(file = file, what = what, sep = sep, quote = quote, dec = dec, :
line 1141 did not have 1098 elements
What should I do for the above error?
I moved your post to a comment (because it is no answer to the original thread).
Your 1141th line doesn't have the same number of elements (columns) as the rest of the file, so you should have a look at that line and see if something is odd.
awk 'NR==1141' yourfile.txt
I'm not sure if the header is counted as a line by R, so perhaps you should also check the next line:
awk 'NR==1142' yourfile.txt
and compare
Or is 1141/1142 the last line in your file containing whitespaces?
Have a look at the number of lines:
wc -l yourfile.txt
I am not able to open this website, can you please provide me an alternative to download this data set. need it urgently. thanks in advance.
In your post (as remarked C: Survival analysis of TCGA patients integrating gene expression (RNASeq) data ) the closing parenthesis got included in the URL, leading to a 404. I have edited your post (added spaces) to solve this.
As noted here, Could someone with edit priviledges change all the
ifsumis.na to
ifsumis.na, please
i'll modify it now...I'm not sure why that happens. it seems that some parenthesis are cut off. my apologies for the inconvenient
in addition there is ifelse here
all_clin$new_time <- c()
for (i in 1:length(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_tumor_days)))){
all_clin$new_time[i] <- ifelse( is.na(as.numeric(as.character(all_clin$new_tumor_days))[i]),
rna_vm <- vm(rna)
Show Traceback
Rerun with Debug
Error in voom(x, d, plot = F) :
Need at least two genes to fit a mean-variance trend
I am getting above error while running vm function. Can some one help me on this ?
Hi Tris, thank you so much for this tutorial -- it is very informative and comprehensive. I do have one question -- how can this script be modified to just analyze survival differences based on differences in gene expression between cancer patients? This tutorial includes tumor versus matched-normal tissue. I guess I am confused about the purpose of this.
Your guidance would be much appreciated!
Thanks, F
you have to group patients using the parameters you chose (i.e. groups) instead of gene expression altered/not altered. I'd suggest you to read a bit more about basic survival analysis and how it works before digging into this one
Hi Tris, I wonder if is it still correct if we apply this method for other distributions beside normal distribution?


text:
But despite Miami's fevered intensity and a hostile road environment, Carolina shrugged off a couple of poor offensive stretches to prevail over the 'Canes 74-71 to improve their own conference record to 4-1, and 14-5 overall.
Continuing the season's strange pattern, freshman Harrison Barnes played very poorly for most of the game but hit a couple of critical shots late, including the game-winning three-pointer. The Tar Heels were a turnover machine through the early portion of the contest but settled down thereafter, and despite some rough patches they out-rebounded Miami 34-30.
There were widespread — and entirely understandable — concerns that UNC would falter back to last season's patterns upon encountering the inevitable adversity of conference play. Yet despite yet another sluggish start on offense and problems all night getting out-muscled in the frontcourt, UNC hung around and relied on its defense — which stiffened in the second half, holding the Hurricanes to 38 percent shooting — to claw back.
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Carolina's free throw shooting also proved to be a positive aspect, a development that has proved to be the case in several close wins this season. Marshall, Barnes and Tyler Zeller led the team in attempts, and combined they converted 10-for-11 from the stripe.
UNC returns home for a Saturday afternoon match-up against massively struggling N.C. State. The buzz among Triangle talking heads is that the Wolfpack may be forced to make a coaching change following this season, so the 'Pack are likely to play with great intensity and possibly some desperation.
To view the UNC/Miami box score, click here.
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They are on opposites sides of the aisle, but House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-OH) is considering taking up the Congressional Black Caucus's plan to fight poverty, according to The Hill.
The Hill reports that Ryan has met with the CBC about the group's plan to funnel more money to regions with high, long-term poverty and encouraged House appropriators to look at the model as they construct 2017 spending legislation.
The CBC's anti-poverty approach, known as the 10-20-30 plan, according to The Hill, would dispatch 10 percent of federal discretionary spending to areas where at least 20 percent of the population has lived in poverty for at least 30 years.
Ryan met on Wednesday with members of the CBC, and the 10-20-30 plan was a central focus, according to a number of lawmakers in attendance. Ryan's office has declined to reveal the details of that discussion, citing "the private conversation." But the Democrats have been more vocal.
"He gave us a commitment that [10-20-30] is on his radar and that he understands the value of targeted funding," Rep. G.K. Butterfield (D-N.C.), chairman of the CBC, said after the meeting. "It's a bipartisan issue that we need to work on. And he acknowledged it, and we have a commitment from him that he's actively working on a path forward for some type of legislation."
A top CBC champion of the plan, Rep. James Clyburn (D-SC), the third-ranking Democrat in the House, added that Ryan offered his support for the plan.
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Do you ever take a fanciful flight of imagination and wonder what life would be like if it were different?
I know, that's a broad statement. Bear with me.
This past Saturday, as I spent the day deep in the satisfaction of chopping and mixing and prepping and cooking, pulling together a fabulous Thanksgiving dinner, the Husband was shivering on the couch, caught in the grip of a cold that pulled him deep into a fever by the end of the night. I may have babied him a little bit, catered to his every need – a cup of tea, a snack, disciplining the puppy so he didn't have to, tucking the blanket a little tighter around his feet. I did my best to spoil him.
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Travelling to Gibraltar
For anyone looking to travel to Gibraltar there are regular flights from the UK but no direct flights from Spain at present although these are expected to resume from Madrid and Barcelona when the new terminal opens. This is currently under construction and will have four gates and a capacity for 1m passengers a year.
Until it´s ready, those arriving at Gibraltar are treated to a magnificent first view of the Rock from the top of the airplane steps. After it opens, the famous main road across the runway will remain in place for pedestrians. This heads towards the land border with Spain and actually intersects the runway, so consequently has to be closed every time a plane lands or takes off.
If you are going to travel to Gibraltar from Spain there are several ways to do this. Firstly by car, which takes just under an hour from Marbella or slightly more from further along the coast but at peak times of the day there may be lengthy queues as the traffic waits to go through the border checks for which you will need to show your passport. When the new airport terminal is completed vehicles will then enter Gibraltar via a new tunnel under the runway at eastern Beach.
Alternatively many travel agencies offer day trips where a coach will collect you and take you to La Linea which is on the Spanish side of the border. From there you will walk the short distance – a few hundred yards – across the border and into Gibraltar.
There are also public transport buses on the Costa del Sol that go from Fuengirola to La Linea, stopping everywhere in between including Marbella and these are run by Portillo Bus Company. However, while this is the cheapest way to travel to Gibraltar, due to the numerous stops along the way this often takes several hours and can be quite a lengthy experience.
The border is about 2 Kilometres from the town centre but there are regular bus services and taxis are available from a taxi rank at the airport, just inside the border on the Gibraltar side.
Learn more about Gibraltar!
St Michael's Cave is a series, or network, of caves made of limestone, which are found on the Rock, or [more]
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Your visit to Gibraltar holds a lot more in store than just the history and landscape if you care to [more]
Half Day Tour of Gibraltar When your time is limited and you've got to be somewhere else at some given time, [more]
Southport Gates Gibraltar Among the most impressive of the fortifications of Gibraltar are the Southport Gates, still in evidence today, and [more]
St Andrews Church of Scotland Gibraltar St Andrew's Church Gibraltar, the rough rocky peninsula, which remains an overseas territory of [more]
Main Street Gibraltar seems, from an outsiders point of view, when one visits or views it as if to be [more]
Casemate Square is one of the two main areas people congregate in Gibraltar, currently for fun and entertainment, but that [more]
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Perched precariously about 1400 feet (420 m) above the sea lies one of the greatest areas for natural beauty in [more]
If hiking is something you love, your visit to Gibraltar can offer you that as well but not of course [more]


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Keywords: 2Pac, Dr Dre, Hope, Ice Cube, Jay - Z, Joyful, Kanye West, M. O. P., Uplifting, Wu-Tang Clan
TropicaBright, electro indie-pop track. Upbeat guitar hooks over driving beat and big synth bass. Cowbell gives this track a real tropical party feel. 15 second intro.
Keywords: Britney Spears, Celebrities, Cheerful, Coming of Age, Contented, Daytime TV, Dynamic, Exciting, Extreme Sports, French Film, Garage Band, Hanson, Hope, Hyperactive, Joyful, Katy Perry, Kylie Minogue, Montage, Party, Racing, Spice Girls, Surf, Uplifting, Vibrant
Midnight DriftFuturistic sounding electro pop track. A heavy club beat accompanied by dreamy, melodic trance inspired synths. Think Pixie Lott / The Saturdays.
Keywords: Beach, Britney Spears, Celebrities, City, Cruise, Dance, Fashion, Future Techno, Ibiza, Katy Perry, Kylie Minogue, Lady Ga Ga, Montage, Triumphant, Uplifting, Vibrant
City LightsCool retro electro pop track with an analogue, driving feel. Warm analog bass with a solid 80s feel beat. Think 'Drive' soundtrack.
Keywords: Art House Movie, Fashion, Kylie Minogue, Montage, Sultry, Water
One NightCool, sexy dance track, with driving club beat and ultra compressed piano, synth melodies and cymbals.
EighteenEnergetic indie party track. Driven by frenetic lofi guitars and catchy guitar melodies, with an intense trashy beat. Think 'Skins' or a teenage house party!
Keywords: 1980, 1990, Blondie, Break Out, Busy, Chase, Crash, Creed, Cute, Depeche Mode, Dramatic, Fight scene, Garbage, Green Day, Grinding, Grunge, Hellraiser, Human League, Hyperactive, Linkin Park, Matchbox Twenty, Melodic, Mental, Motorbike, Muse, Party, Pressure, Pulsating, Racing, Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Sex Pistols, Smashing Pumpkins, Terror Squad, Tom Petty, Twisted, U2, Vibrant, Workout
IonEmotional synth pop track. Chilled, melodic synths with striking analogue synth chords and spacious pads over a driving retro beat.
Keywords: Antarctic, Arctic, Blue Planet, Blue Skies, Boat, Calm, Ceephax, Chilled, Cold, Desert, Discovery, Environmental, Exotic, Expansive, Expedition, Exploration, Freeze, Frozen, Gentle, Glaciers, Ibiza, Ice Melting, Journey, Landscape, Madonna, Mountain, Ocean, Paradise, Relaxation, Slow Motion, Sparkling, St Germain, Summer, Sunshine, Surf, Tropical, Underwater, Vibrant, Water, Wildlife Documentary, Wind, Winter
Keep Loving MeEmotional pop-rock track. Uplifting chords and melodies give this track an inspirational feel. Electric guitars, bass, piano and drums.
Keywords: Ben Folds Five, Break Out, Bruno Mars, Cheerful, Coldplay, Cornershop, Corporate, Counting Crows, Creed, Crowded House, Dynamic, Emotional, Exciting, Friends, Grunge, Hollywood Romance Movie, Hope, Journey, Joyful, Love, Matchbox Twenty, Montage, Racing, Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Relationship, REM, Reunion, Romance, Tearjerker , Triumphant, U2, Uplifting, Vibrant


text:
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District 3
The Honorable Derek Fink
Contact Information:
|44 Calvert Street, 1st Floor Annapolis, MD 21401
|Annapolis Office:
|(410) 222-1401
|Glen Burnie Office:
|(410) 222-6890
|Legislative Assistant:
|Patrick Mulford
|* Serving second term that expires 12/2018
|** Communications with the County Council office, County Council Member or Legislative Assistant become part of the public domain and may be subject to disclosure under the Maryland Public Information Act or the Anne Arundel County Charter.
About Derek
Derek Fink, Councilman, Third District, is serving his second term on the Council. He is a graduate of North Carolina State University with a B.A. Degree in Political Science. After graduating from college, Mr. Fink worked for Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. and then on Capitol Hill for Congressman Ed Whitfield.
He currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Maryland Association of Counties (MACo) as well as the Robert A. Pascal Youth & Family Services Center and is a member of the Cox Creek Citizens Oversight Committee and the Pasadena Business Association. He is a former Board member of the 100 Club of Anne Arundel County.
Mr. Fink is a small business owner who lives in Pasadena with his wife, Kristin.
Council Meetings & Hearings
- County Council Meeting
- Sep 04
- Arundel Center - 44 Calvert Street Annapolis MD. 21401 Council Chambers
- Work Session
- Sep 11
- Arundel Center - County Chambers
- County Council Meeting
- Sep 17
- Arundel Center - 44 Calvert Street Annapolis MD, 21401, Council Chambers