text:
Carla Simón - The New Female Face of Spanish Film Making?
Carla Simón delved into her own past to come up with this charming and moving story about a child dealing with profound grief.
Little orphaned Frida (the charismatic Laia Artgas) is six, when, according to her mother's express instructions, she is taken, against her grandmother's wishes, to be cared for by Esteve, her uncle and mother's brother. This was a role very sympathetically played by David Verdaguer. With his wife Marga (Bruna Cursi), and their four-year old daughter Ana, (the delightful Paula Robles), they take the confused child, who has always lived in a purely urban environment, to live with them in their wild countryside home. It all appears so strange to the child that initially everything terrifies her, even a chicken seems to be a monster. Simón own parents died from HIV related illnesses at a time that, not far unlike today, no one really knows much about it, so it instilled fear in everyone.
SUMMER 1993 has been screened at the 61st BFI London Film festival competing for First Feature Award, a prize that the film received in Berlin in February 17, to Simón's delight as it was the first Festival the film had attended. It has also been selected to represent Spain at the Oscars.
Filmed very much from a child's perspective, this film has moved audiences to tears with is sensitive and poetic portrayal of the child's struggle to fit into her new world, that does not always turn out as expected. There is a fine attention to detail and an understanding of what it means to be a child, which is an art all of its own that Carla Simón has mastered. The poetry is also in the music composed by Simón brother Ernest Pipó and Pau Boïgues that fills the spaces with a haunting lilt.
This film has a resonance with other iconic Spanish films with children, such as Victor Erice's Spirit of the beehive or Carlos Saura's Cría Cuervos. Interestingly both of which feature the enigmatic Ana Torrent.
A graduate of the London Film School in Covent Garden (April 2014), Carla Simon has developed into a promising director. SUMMER 1993 arose from the idea for a short that she wanted to make as a graduate film: -
"I was studying here [at the London Film School] and I filmed a short about two children, a little brother and sister, who find their grandmother dead. That was when I realized that the theme of children having to face death was a subject I wished to continue to explore. I ended up filming a different short because when I began to write it, I realized it had to be much longer. I then made another short for the school and began to develop this story. When I returned home to my parents, I began to ask questions, so that they could help me to remember. I scanned all the old photographs of when I was a child and the script began to emerge. I chose to give it a time-frame, which was that first summer in 1993, [after my mother had died] … I had to do some research, reading up about the adoption processes and how a child faces death. What do they feel? How much do they understand? This helped me in the process of trying to understand why I had behaved as I did… The hardest part though, was when I realized that I could no longer remember my biological mother, and that was hard, because of course, you can't invent memories!"
Both Frida and Ana are astoundingly natural, their vulnerability and emotions, as they talk and play, are captivating and fresh. To achieve this effect Simon had a long journey: -
"It took six months to find the right girls [for the part]. I searched mostly in schools and I needed at least the elder girl, [Frida] to be from Barcelona and that she should not be used to the countryside. Above all I wanted to find girls who were naturally similar to the characters that I had written. You can ask an adult to play a different character, but it is far more difficult with a child. So, my idea was that they should be able to be themselves as they played… there were a lot of rehearsals. We spent a lot of time together, the girls and the adults, and there as a lot of improvisation. Also, I tried to take them back to times before that Summer of 1993 so that there would be some shared memories, so that the girls could believe that they had lived the lives of these characters. This created a certain level of intimacy before we began to shoot which created some strong links [between the characters]."
Right from the start, it was very interesting how the adults have to react when they work with children … they say that they have to forget about themselves and be at the service of the girls ... as the girls never read the script, I would ask them to also not memorize too much, so that everyone was on an equal footing… I did not care if the dialogue was not exactly as I had written it, but I wanted the content to remain. I would talk a lot between the takes to guide the girls and sometimes I told them exactly what they had to say… although, when they were playing, it was more open."
In order to achieve the feel of the child's point of view, the director of photography, Santiago Racaj had to face some technical challenges as Carla Simón explains: -
"I always knew that it would have to be filmed from a child's viewpoint, which was the one I knew. So, with Santi we had many conversations as to how to achieve it. He eventually used an apparatus that hung down holding the camera at the height of a child, and we used some long takes. That introduced complications because from that angle you can never incorporate the whole scene, but it did create the sensation of being in the moment, which was important for me. The main inspiration for the images were those old photographs of me as a child and the whole domestic environment."
Carla Simon faced many issues in the making of this film. One was having to try to recall her own memories, but also the twist of having to see it all from the adults' point of view as well, in order to understand her adopted parent's emotions. She is fascinated by a child's capacity to adapt to new situations, which is often greater than that of an adult: -
"For me, it was an interior battle between the images I still held in my head and what was happening in front of the camera, and it was never the same! (laughs). I had the intention of being able to film what I had written. but then I saw that it meant the film would lose spontaneity so I had to renounce those images in some way, and allow things to come up from the actors themselves. I was aware all the time that I had to give the actors their space, but it was a shock to see, when it was finished, that those were not my images and I had to accept that the story had taken on its own life.
There are 3 or 4 scenes in the film that really happened, but most did not… it was important for me to re-vindicate that capacity that children have to adapt which can be so much greater than that of adults, because I had been told, so suddenly: 'You are now going to live with those people'. Full stop.
Inevitably it is more complicated for children to question their own emotions. I remember that I did not cry when my mother died and it made me feel very guilty and that is why I chose to end the film the way I did… we have to understand that children are intelligent and well, they really have a brutal capacity to adapt which as adults, we often underestimate. One of the things I remember the best was the shock of going straight from the city to the countryside. It might have been very pretty but it was very frightening to me. It felt threatening, so I spent time trying to put that across, it is pretty but can be scary. The Virgin's shrine did not exist, it is fictitious. I invented it. My grandmother would tell me to pray every night, that was true, so I had that religious attitude because of her, because my [adopted] parents are atheists. It is a generational thing. In Spain my grandparent's generation were far more conservative and more Catholic, but they gave birth to seven children who all turned out to be atheists and left-wingers, that was also the fruit of that period! I thought it was interesting to touch on that point. So, if there is a link to religion, that is where it comes from."
Carla Simón is involved with two new projects, also relating to her own family, one more personal than the other, But the hectic festival rounds are not leaving her much time to work and decide which one to go for first. Thanks in part to her awards in Berlin, her selection for the Oscars, and the Special Mention here at the BFI London Film Festival, Summer 1993 has got a distribution deal in the UK and is out on general release now.
Director: Carla Simón
Screenplay: Carla Simón
Cast: David Verdaguer, Bruna Cusi, Laia Artigas, Paula Robles, Fermi Reixach, Jordi Figueras, Paula Blanco.
Producer /Exec-Producer: Valérie Delpierre
Co- Producer: Stefan Schmitz
Producer / Co-producer: María Zamora
Cinematography: Santiago Racaj
Music: Ernest Pipó
Production company: Inicia Films
Co-produced & Distributed by: Avalon Films.
Sold by New Europe Film Sales


text:
An ideal fitness tip is to ride your bike more effectively by learning to cycle one leg at a time. Biking with one leg will force you to be pedal up as well as down, which gives you a greater workout and trains your legs to maximize biking energy. Be sure you work out both of legs! Taking time to plan a fitness routine is very important to residing a healthy life-style. You might be certain to benefit from the following tips and information which can be included on this article. They will help you establish a routine through which you will gain the fitness to maintain you wholesome.
To maximise the consequences of your workouts, ensure that to eat immediately after figuring out. Shakes full of protein are an awesome factor to consume after your exercises as a result of they can help you build muscle very quickly. Attempt making one with fats-free frozen yogurt, fruit, egg substitute, and a few cocoa powder for a great post-workout enhance.
Accept the fact that you may't run that marathon without training for it. Depending in your present fitness level will decide how lengthy it would take so that you can reach the purpose. Should you aren't a runner now, don't expect to begin out by operating a few miles straight away. Construct as much as it. Start by walking, then walking and operating, until you're at the point where you'll be able to run your complete time.
Remember that exercising your whole muscle groups is important for a balanced workout. A wide range of workout routines like working, stair climbing, lifting weights and leaping rope are glorious workout routines that can improve the completely different muscle teams of the body. Factor in that exercising all the muscle groups is best for … Read More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Former Queensland Governor sells GC home
DESPITE the rain, it took just 15 minutes and 30 bids for former Queensland Governor Leneen Forde to sell her Gold Coast home of 25 years today for $3.1 million at a packed onsite auction.
Ray White Mermaid Beach elite agent Troy Dowker ran a textbook auction campaign over six weeks which saw 14 registered bidders turn up to buy the four bedroom home. Interest came from all over the Gold Coast, Brisbane and northern New South Wales.
The beachfront home at 248 Pacific Pde, Bilinga, with slate tiles and wood panelling throughout, has a sweeping coastal view to Currumbin Alley Rock, and further up to Surfers Paradise.
"This has been our home since the 1990s but I am getting older and the time has come to sell," said Ms Forde after the auction.
"It was good to declutter as there's so much after 25 years of living here," she said.
"It's always been a happy home but I have a home in Brisbane to go to. Most of my friends and all of my family are in Brisbane anyway so the time is right," she said.
"I am really happy for the buyer. I really wanted them to get it as I know they will take good care of this house. It could have been pulled down by a developer but the new buyer will move in and love it for the next 25 years.
"Bilinga is a great suburb as there's no highrises here and it's a very safe beach. The water has never been a problem with rips."
Ms Forde was the Governor of Queensland for five years until 1997. She later chaired the Commission of Inquiry into Abuse of Children in Queensland Institutions during 1998 and 1999 that found systemic child abuse in government or non-government institutions between 1911 and 1999.
In front of 200 onlookers, Member for Currumbin Jann Stuckey was the successful bidder at the packed onsite public auction with people spilling outside onto the road.


text:
HOME > Projector Reviews > Review: ViewSonic PX800HD
Intended Use:ViewSonic PX800HD
DIY Home Theater
(add to Compare List)
Go to My Compare List
100000:1 Contrast Ratio
2000 Lumens
Full HD 3D
$1,299 Street Price
ViewSonic PX800HD
|Rec. 709
Low Lamp Modes. Eco mode is about 30% lower brightness than Normal mode. There are also two other lamp modes to choose from, but neither is an Eco feature in the usual sense. SuperEco mode is an automated power-saving feature. Dynamic lamp mode works much like an auto-iris. It makes dark scenes darker by lowering lamp brightness, and incidentally conserves energy and lengthens lamp life.
Video Optimized Lumens. Our pick for Video Optimized setting is Movie mode at about 1075 lumens without adjustments, although some people might prefer Rec. 709 for its more precise color. Movie mode is a bit cooler than Rec. 709 mode, but the hues aren't far off and it has the advantage of superior contrast, a greater sense of image three dimensionality, and higher brightness.
Presentation Optimized Lumens. If anyone want to use the PX800HD for business presentation, Dynamic mode offers nicely saturated color with much better color accuracy than Brightest mode. Its 1375 lumens is enough for a 100" image in moderate ambient light.
Brightness uniformity. The measured 75% brightness uniformity is lower than we like to see for home theater projectors, but it is typical for an ultra short throw model. The variation in luminance is visible on a white 100 IRE test image, with the brightest area at the bottom center as you'd expect. However, with complex video imagery you never will see the difference to the point that it is consciously distracting. The uneven illumination is hard to see even if you're looking for it, so it is a flaw that people will be happy to live with in exchange for the convenience of ultra short throw.
Color brightness. The RGBRGB color wheel turns in excellent performance in color brightness. There is no white segment in the wheel to boost light output at the expense of color saturation and contrast. Therefore color is well-saturated and white highlights are in natural visual balance with colored subject matter in all preset modes. The color presets vary in measured color brightness from just under 80% of white for Brightest, Dynamic, and Standard modes, to 100% for Rec.709.
Fan noise. In Normal power mode, the fan noise (rated at 35 dB) is more than we like to hear in dedicated home theater. It is noticeable during quiet movie interludes at typical seating distances from the screen. In Eco mode (29 dB) the noise drops quite a bit in both volume and pitch and thus becomes less of an issue. The good news is that it does not vary at all in either volume or pitch, so it is easy to become unconscious of it.
In High Altitude mode--which ViewSonic recommends for 4920 feet and above, the sound ramps up to a higher pitch and becomes quite distracting. If you live in Denver, don't buy this projector without planning to surround it with external noise baffling materials.
Input lag measures just 16 ms with 3X Fast Input On. It is rare to find projectors that drop below 20 ms and most are not anywhere near that quick. Even with the feature in its default Off setting--the equivalent of Fine mode--the lag is only 33 ms.
Lamp life. ViewSonic rates the lamp at 3000 hours in Normal mode and 6000 hours in SuperEco.
Warranty. The price includes a three-year warranty for parts and labor--with the first year including free express exchange service--and one year for the lamp.
The PX800HD is easy to handle, at only 13.4 pounds and 6.0" x 15.3" x 17.1" (HWD). The easiest way to install it is to place it on a low table or bench just in front of and below the screen. If you want to go to the trouble you can also position it in a wall mount above the screen. As with any UST model, getting the image focused and squared off just so is a little tricky when you're just a foot or two from a big screen. You won't want to do it more than once, so few users will be considering portable applications.
The lensing system uses a mirror as the final element to reflect the image through a window near the back of the projector. Throw distance, as measured from the window, is 14.5 to 31.4 inches for a 16:9 diagonal image size of 70" to 150". For the smallest image sizes you may need data and power cables with right angle connectors. With a 70" image, the projector nearly touches the plane of the screen, and almost all of the ports are on the front (wall-facing side) of the unit. Going beyond 150" diagonal tends to create geometric distortion and problems with focus.
The window near the back of the PX800HD is in a depression and on a slant, putting the center spot of the window about 2.1 inches below the top surface. The image offset shifts the bottom of the image above the window by roughly 18% of the image height. For a 90-inch image, that works out to about 8 inches above the window, or about 6 inches above the top surface.
Port access. Aside from one HDMI port for a wireless dongle that is tucked away in a hidden compartment, all of the ports are on the front of the PX800HD, facing the wall. The placement hides the clutter of cables which is aesthetically ideal. However, it can also require you to move the projector when you need to add or remove cables. Once you move it, you'll have to go through the processes of squaring off the image and getting the focus right all over again. All UST projectors require exact placement, so once installed you don't want to move them unless you have to.
May have to replace standard cables and power cords. For smaller image sizes, the placement of the ports can mean you have to buy cables with right-angle connectors. Standard connectors--including the one on the provided power cord--can easily stick out far enough to hit the wall the screen is mounted on even with the projector still too far from the screen.
Screen Size vs. Fan Noise. The PX800HD can create an image up to 150" diagonal, but you would want to operate in Normal Lamp mode for that size screen. In a dedicated dark theater, some users will want to add external sound damping to neutralize the fan noise.
Audio Quality. The PX800HD's built-in stereo audio, with two 10-watt speakers, but the big picture experience you get from the PS800HD demands big, deep sound as well-bigger than you can get from the onboard speakers which tend to lack bass dynamics. You'll almost certainly want to plug in a good external sound bar, if not a full surround sound system.
No Frame Interpolation. FI is a common feature on many home theater projectors. It is controversial, and many users of projectors that have it don't use it. But the PX800HD does not have it, so the option does not exist.
The ViewSonic PX800HD is a highly unique projector for home theater that can also be used for casual home entertainment or serious video gaming. It has solid contrast, rich color saturation, almost zero rainbow artifacts, and a surprisingly sharp image across the entire screen. Though it can technically go to 150" diagonal, its sweet spots are 120" to 130" diagonal for dark room viewing, and 90" for moderate ambient light family room use. Its ultra short throw means easy set up compared to the ceiling mounting required for many home theater projectors. At $1,299 the ViewSonic PX800HD is an outstanding value and highly recommended.
You support ProjectorCentral when you buy the
ViewSonic PX800HD from these authorized resellers.
Thank you!
Posted Apr 2, 2018 4:56 PM
By Evan Powell, Editor
|Post a Comment Alert Moderator
Posted Apr 2, 2018 4:43 PM
By 13randon
|Post a Comment Alert Moderator
Posted Jul 16, 2017 10:35 PM
By Robin
|Post a Comment Alert Moderator
Posted Jun 28, 2017 5:33 PM
By John
|Post a Comment Alert Moderator
Posted May 26, 2017 10:00 AM
By Michael
|Post a Comment Alert Moderator
Commenting on this article is easy and does not require any registration. Your email address is necessary for you to activate your comment once it has been submitted. It will not be shown to other site viewers. ProjectorCentral reserves the right to remove any comment at any time for any reason. Foul language is not permitted, nor are personal attacks. No HTML allowed. All comments should remain on topic.
|Send this Page
|Print this Page
|Report Errors


text:
Sat, 15 April 2017
This week on the show we have it's creator, Ken Ray co-hosting and we discuss Apple's new modus operandi of taking over a company and it's employees. We also talk about the pie-in-the-sky concept of Apple purchasing Disney.
That and some odds and ends concerning Apple Watch and Clips! Enjoy!
Direct download: 2017ECRApr15.mp3
Category:Tech News -- posted at: 8:00am EDT


text:
The Chocolate Festival gets under way
Posted on December 9 2011 by Rob Powell
The Chocolate Festival got under way today on London's South Bank.
In the shadows of the Royal Festival Hall, artisan chocolate makers gathered to show their wares to a curious and enthusiastic public on a bright, crisp December morning.
Established names from the chocolate world and exciting new ventures were side by side offering samples and demonstrations at the festival which is in its third year.
Here's some photos from day one…
There was lots of hot chocolate to choose from…
The Chocolate Festival continues on Saturday and Sunday.
Related Posts
Feel free to leave a comment...
and oh, if you want a pic to show with your comment, go get a gravatar!
Join us on Facebook
Get our Newsletter
Recent Features
- Top 10 Easter Eggs for Grown Ups
- Top 10 Easter Treats for Kids
- Valentine's Day: British Chocolatiers' Creativity
- Have a Heart: The Valentine's Day Chocolate Box Auction
- The Chocolate of Montecristi: A taste of Ecuador
- Choco Christmas Gifts: Present ideas for chocolate lovers this Christmas
Chocolatier Archives
Recent Tweets
Chocolate, Tea and Charity - raising money for the Sick Children's Trust http://t.co/4wogWvektl cc @TheSCT http://t.co/0YZtKcKY1g
3 years ago
Lovely hot choc at Brighton's @Scoopandcrumb at the weekend http://t.co/XpEiQAAqUW
3 years ago
RT @jennylinford: Phew - adrenalin pumping as just did live @BBCLondon949 interview on Tesco's historic loss and changing food shopping patterns!
3 years ago
About this website
Chocolatier.co.uk is published by Uretopia Limited - a registered company in England and Wales. Contact the website by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com or by writing to Chocolatier.co.uk, 10 Spring Grove, Gravesend, Kent, DA12 1LL.
News Archive
Recent Posts
- Chocolate, Tea and Charity
- Review: Mast Brothers: Belize Chocolate (70% cacao) and Dick Taylor: 72% Belize, Toledo
- Top 10 Easter Eggs for Grown Ups
- Top 10 Easter Treats for Kids
- Review: Catalan Food and Wine: Torrons Vicens Turrón a la sal, and Vicens Xocolata a la pedra (with cinnamon)
Chocolatier Tag Cloud
Academy of Chocolate Amelia Rope Book Review Caramel Chantal Coady Charbonnel et Walker Chocolate Festival Chocolate Week Christmas Cocoa Mountain Damian Allsop Dark Chocolate Demarquette Divine Easter Events Fairtrade Flavour Files Fortnum & Mason Go Do Green and Black's Grenada Chocolate Company HB Ingredients hot chocolate Hotel Chocolat House of Dorchester Kate Johns Keith Hurdman Kokopelli L'Artisan du Chocolat La Maison du Chocolat London Matcha Chocolat Milk Chocolate Oialla Original Beans Paul A. Young Paul Wayne Gregory Regional Chocolate Rococo Chocolates Sara Jayne Stanes Thorntons Valrhona Venchi William Curley


text:
Depository and Lending Institutions
As a financial statement preparer or auditor it is essential to understand the complexities of the depository and lending institutions industry including the operational, regulatory, accounting, reporting, and auditing aspects unique to this industry. AICPA publications provide general background information along with recent developments, additional information on complex issues, and illustrative examples for the common accounting and audit practices in the depository and lending institutions industry, including banks and savings institutions, credit unions, finance companies, and mortgage companies. Topics addressed in the depository and lending institutions publications include
- investments in debt and equity securities and other-than-temporary impairments.
- loans and credit losses.
- accounting for transfers and servicing of financial assets.
- troubled debt restructurings
- auditing estimates such as the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Also covered are recent developments in areas such as consolidation, transfers and servicing, troubled debt restructurings, financing receivables and the allowance for loan losses, and fair value measurements.
Regulatory updates from the Federal Financial Institutions Regulators, Securities and Exchange Commission, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and amendments to the Corporate Credit Union rulings are also discussed. Finally, emerging issues such as the U.S. implementation of Basel III, proposed amendments to the SEC's broker-dealer financial reporting rule included in SEC Rule 17a-5; and the PCAOB proposed auditing standards for broker-dealers are also covered.
For more information on the industry and the AICPA's commitment to provide updates and guidance, visit the Depository and Lending Institutions Expert Panel webpage.
The following products are available from the AICPA to help provide guidance and resources for depository and lending institutions.
- Audit and Accounting Guide Depository and Lending Institutions: Banks and Savings Institutions, Credit Unions, Finance Companies, and Mortgage Companies
AICPA Online Professional Library
When you subscribe to any one of the many subscription options on AICPA Online Professional Library, you're not only getting access to the most up-to-date guidance and tools, you are also linked to all of the relevant and related literature, including the FASB and GASB libraries.
Many publications and libraries may be of value to those interested in guidance related to depository and lending institutions:
- AICPA Audit and Accounting Manual
- AICPA Audit Risk Assessment Tool and Guide
- AICPA Practice Tool The Auditor's Report: Comprehensive Guidance and Examples
- AICPA Professional Standards
- AICPA Technical Questions and Answers
- U.S. GAAP Financial Statements—Best Practices in Presentation and Disclosure
- Audit and Accounting Guide Set with FASB Accounting Standards Codification
- Essential A&A Research Collection
- Premium A&A Research Collection


text:
Performer Series
- 4-valve, 4/4 size tuba, ideal for school use.
- Available in lacquer only.
- Top-action, stainless-steel valves deliver smooth, easy action.
- 0.728″ bore and 17.5″ handspun yellow brass bell for full sound and easy response.
- Rose brass lead pipe resists corrosion to ensure longer life of the instrument.
- Nickel-silver against brass tubing in the slides insures smooth operation because two different metals touching are less likely to stick than two identical metals touching.
- Durable, heavy duty wheeled case with industrial latches protect the instrument against damage when in transit.


text:
Holiday Bouquet
This Joyful & Triumphant bouquet is chockful of reds, burgundy, and plenty of holiday sparkle and style! Let Artistic Florist deliver this beautiful gift, along with your wishes for a Merry Christmas and a happy holiday season.
Shown at $120.00
Shown at $120.00
Christmas flowers from Artistic Florist in Cleveland, GA are the best way to send Christmas cheer! Flowers and poinsettia plants are a great way to spread joy throughout the season, but also make quick and easy party decor. Artistic Florist can help you with any Christmas styles or colors with our Christmas decor accessories. Need a centerpiece or a Christmas wreath for your party? Artistic Florist has it, and more!


text:
Jonathan Adams m. Dillon, 1800s, Ohio
Seeking the parents and vitals of both
Jonathan Adams, b. 1810, Jefferson Co., OH, d. 10 Dec 1891, Fostoria, Seneca, OH and that of his wife: Margery Dillon, b. 4 Apr 1808 in Virginia and d. 12 Dec 1876 in Fostoria, Seneca, OH.They married before 1841.
Any information or clues will be greatly appreciated.
Richard Dennis Souther


text:
In the days following the January 2017 inauguration of President Donald Trump, jaws dropped around the world as Kellyanne Conway's infamous, Orwellian interview with NBC's Chuck Todd went viral. Conway had suggested that Press Secretary Sean Spicer had used "alternative facts" to describe the size of the crowd at the event. Hardly a day of this young Administration has gone by where terms like "alternative fact," "post-truth," or "fake news" have not been used by journalists and political pundits alike to pejoratively describe the current, depressing state of American politics.
For purposes of this essay, however, I do not seek to interrogate this rhetoric at the government level (although it is certainly in need of interrogation); rather, I am particularly interested in how quickly this discourse has been co-opted and appropriated by scientists and science communicators themselves. What follows is a critical overview of this phenomenon from a social studies of science perspective. After providing several examples, I touch on questions such as: How does this compare to previous debates in science and technology studies? Who gets to decide what facts are "fake" or "alternative"? What does it mean for something to be true or false? How is this discourse employed as a tool of practice in science communication? What are the consequences of deploying these terms—especially in such a seemingly ordinary, casual, natural-language, almost cavalier way?
"Until the OSTP is adequately staffed and the director position filled by a qualified, objective scientist who understands the difference between alternative news peddled on alt-right websites and legitimate well-vetted scientific facts, we fear that you will continue to be vulnerable to misinformation and fake news. Relying on factual technical and scientific data has helped make America the greatest nation in the world."
—Letter from House Science Committee sent to President Trump, 18 May 2017
"Science is the antithesis of fake news."
—Christian Samper, Wildlife Conservation Society President in The Guardian
"I've never seen the scientific community so concerned. This goes way beyond funding. When fake news is accepted as just one of the alternate approaches, then there are serious problems to be addressed."
—Rush Holt, chief executive of AAAS in The Washington Post
Save for the fancy new buzzwords we cannot stop talking about, marketing about, and hashtag-ing about, are we really in a #posttruth, #fakenews, #alternativefact era? What would this look like, and what does it mean? The Oxford Dictionary, which named "post-truth" as its 2016 word of the year, defines it as: "relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief." Social epistemologist Steve Fuller (2016) suggests that "Science has always been a bit 'post-truth,'" writing that even Thomas Kuhn's 1960s account of science suggested that truth is not the arbiter of legitimate power, rather just a resource, or mask, for achieving that power. Is this really new enough to be referred to as "post"-anything?
Scientific facts, science communicators well know from decades of work in psychology, cultural cognition, and other social sciences, do little to change minds. Reason is limited, and staking claims to the truth may not be the most efficient way to call out bullsh*t. Likewise, Sergio Sismondo (2017) seems to be a bit more hesitant to say we have reached that point yet of post-truth, or that today's politics are decidedly different than before. However, he notes that "STS suggests that the emergence of a post-truth era might be more possible than most people would imagine."
To be sure, the 2016 political environment, ranging from the "Brexit" referendum to the U.S. presidential election, was particularly divisive and, may I say, unpresidented—as is much debate over contentious scientific and technological controversy, and the communication of it, today. But have we ever lived in a world where it is possible to separate facts from falsehoods? What about a world where we don't value "truth"? When has emotion not dictated the decisions we make, and in many cases, taken precedent over everything else in the making of those decisions? Have we ever actually been able to take politics out of decision-making and knowledge sharing?
In their classic text Opening Pandora's Box (1984), Gilbert and Mulkay contend that discourse analysis is a necessary component of the social study of science. Traditional forms of analysis, the authors write, erase and condense a multitude of voices from the social world, in the authoritative voice of the unquestioned sociologist. "Where ethnomethodologists argued that science studies missed the specifics, the haecceity, of science," Steven Yearley writes in Making Sense of Science (2004), "Mulkay accused science studies of 'vassalage', of merely telling stories woven together out of fragments of scientists' own discourse" (p. 92). Such a method eliminates the possibility of acknowledging the interpretive variability among different actors—who may describe the "same" event or phenomenon differently. "It is a myth that scientists are neutral and disinterested actors when they engage in research," and without taking scientists' discourse as a topic—rather than as its resource—for sociological analysis, the complexity of science is flattened (p. 3). One of the fundamental tensions here is that if language is both our topic and our resources for understanding that language, what do we do? Gilbert and Mulkay write that, "it becomes clear that the traditional analysis of social action cannot be successful without a systematic understanding of discourse" (p. 13). Such an analysis of science communicators themselves would reveal this tension around the proliferation of alternative facts as a strategic tool of communication.
Symmetry of facticity
Indeed, this is a tension scholars of science and technology studies know something about; we are put in a woefully precarious, cognitive dissonance-inducing position of trying to remain committed to our critical discipline as well as with the reality of our political culture. Is science really the "antithesis" of fake news? Is science really the "rational achievement par excellence" Talcott Parsons suggests it may be (Schutz p. 29)? Sismondo writes: "We in STS know that epistemic competition is as much about choosing which truths can be considered salient and important as about which claims can be considered true and false, and these choices have important consequences." The STS sensibility is founded at the very basic level to question the social and cultural meanings of expertise and knowledge production, including the boundary work that goes into building credibility and trust. Simply put, STS seeks to interrogate what it means for something to be real or true—and who gets to decide what is real or true. In these terms, I am uncomfortable with the notion that one particular group of people—here, journalists and/or scientists—are the arbiters of facts, as the privileged position of their membership categories tend to suggest. The sociological understanding of something as truth or falsehood is not black and white, especially when we are functioning in an entirely different milieu of reality (i.e. 2017 politics). Whose reality matters, then?
The legacy of the sociological approach to scientific knowledge (SSK) is increasingly apparent within these intellectual conversations. SSK analyzes not only science as a social activity, but also the content of scientific knowledge itself. This sociological program challenges the truth and rationality often privileged in explanations of scientific knowledge, helping one to identify interpretive variations that may be linked to political, historical, and other cultural circumstances. "The treatment of scientific knowledge as a social construction implies that there is nothing epistemologically special about the nature of scientific knowledge: It is merely one in a whole series of knowledge cultures" (Bijker and Pinch, p. 19). Because of this, it is difficult to separate out categories of experts.
Of particular relevance to the extension of the sociology of knowledge into the sciences is the tenet of symmetry, where the social analyst must be impartial to the truth or falsity of beliefs, and attaining differing explanations for what is taken to be scientific "truth" to scientific "falsehood" is no longer the objective of the analysis (Pinch & Bijker, p. 18). Social theorists have established the presence of a corresponding relationship between language and reality: true statements are true because they accurately describe the world. Establishing this link is fundamental to determining the truthiness (or falsity) of a claim (Schütz). This symmetry is the foundation of the empirical research conducted on the processes of scientific knowledge construction. It is worth noting that an ethnomethodological – and even more broadly, a sociological – approach to conversation and the production of knowledge often times leaves us unintentionally more skeptical of facts, due to the close attention paid to the production of data and models, the construction of evidentiary claims and arguments, often undermining the epistemic status of the "facts" produced in the first place.
But it is precisely this history of scrutinizing the construction of facts and the power structures that lead to the acknowledgment of a knowledge claim's facticity that have caused many natural scientists to view STS as a dangerous attack on truth, reality, and rationality—and on the very tenets of expertise on which their power and credibility depend.
Science Wars 2.0?
This fake news era is not only causing a crisis for journalists, but also for science studies scholars. While there is a slightly different cast of characters, these intellectual debates echo strongly of the Science Wars of the 1990s. During that time, scientific realists challenged the very notion of symmetry in analysis of knowledge claims as a mere rejection of scientific objectivity and of the scientific method. They believed these things to be fundamental to the power of scientific claims; truth existed and was real, and by not making this common sense judgment call, social constructivists were viewed as radical anti-truth science deniers. This was validated when Norman Levitt, Paul Gross, and Alan Sokal were able to publish a phony (fake news?) journal article on postmodernism in one of the field's premier journals, challenging, at its core, the credibility of the literature on social construction.
But did these critics of the academic left have a point? Are we unintentionally empowering science denialism typically attributed to the far right, simply by the types of questions we ask and the normative decisions we license ourselves to make? Am I—a Ph.D. student in a program training me to think of facts as social constructs and reality as inherently complicated; in a program training me to teach undergraduate STEM majors that "there is no such thing as natural, unmediated, unbiased access to truth" and asking them to think critically about their place in the knowledge economy—complicit in the very thinking that science activism and policy (that I largely support) is trying so hard to combat? Latour threw up the proverbial white flag to change course of the Science Wars by famously writing: "Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies [where dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives against climate change]? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we meant?" (p. 227) Did Latour have a point?
Even more currently, these questions are being asked in a different way: As Steve Fuller puts it, "Is STS all Talk and no Walk?"
See more on this very contemporary, ongoing debate:
Steve Fuller: "Is STS all talk and no walk?"
Harry Collins on "Voting to back scientific values"
Sergio Sismondo Social Studies of Science Editorial, "Post-Truth?"
Where does #scicomm fit in?
After parsing through the contested nature of this post-truth world and the social analyst's place within it, it is worth considering how the discourse of "fake news" and "alternative fact" has been employed by science communicators as a strategic method of practice. Communication scholar Bernadette Bensuade Vincent establishes in her 2014 work that so-called buzzwords are a communication tool that can do political work. How are scientists discursively assembling something they call an "alternative fact," and what work is such a process doing? While Vincent's work focuses on public engagement as a buzzword, the framework she builds can likewise be applied to the terms I evaluate in this post. Although the precise meaning of a buzzword is often unclear and better understood as a "word collective," the ambiguity of buzzwords allows them to perform one of their key functions, without constant interrogation: the bringing together of various stakeholders with different social and political agendas (p. 243; p. 245).
Buzzwords are similar to boundary objects in that they can enroll various actors and are subject to interpretive flexibility (p. 246). The buzzword "public engagement in science" brings together multiple actors—science managers, citizens, associations, and STS scholars—who engage in "strategic misunderstandings" (p. 244); the buzzwords of "post-truth," "alternative fact," and "fake news" bring together scholars, activists, scientists, journalists, and anonymous commentators on Twitter, who often have competing interests or motivations. The networks of people enrolled behind buzzwords give buzzwords their power (p. 248). Despite the misunderstandings surrounding buzzwords, they can, according to Vincent, act as "pacifiers;" their interpretive flexibility allows them to "create peaceful collectives of people with competing agendas" (p. 246; p. 250), similar to a "trading zone." Another way that buzzwords enroll actors is by indicating goals or "setting agendas" (p. 246). Buzzwords are "value-laden" but not authoritative; they prescribe a desirable course of action that reflects societal values, but they only carry a kind of "soft power" (p. 249; p. 250). Buzzwords, though good at preventing conflict, may conceal the diversity and complexity of social and political interests that surround them (p. 250).
Who gets to judge what meets the requirements to carry and benefit from the power of these buzzwords? Harry Collins offers an academic typology of expertise – one based on inherent epistemic cultural authority for constructing reality – but the actor category of "expert" deployed by natural language helps to establish credibility (and subsequently, serve as a proxy for consensus). In his 2005 essay on credibility, Steven Shapin compares the modernist ideals of obvious truths with the obdurate reality of persuasion with a metaphor of King Lear and his daughter, Cordelia. Shapin writes: "The recognition of truth ought to be simple. The truth of knowing and the truth of being perhaps ought to be the same, but in practice we can never be quite sure that they are" (p. 256). He continues:
Once upon a time, so the story goes, students of science, too, believed that truth was is own recommendation, or if not that, something very like it. If one wanted to know, and one rarely did, why it was that true propositions were credible, one was referred back to their truth, to the evidence for them, or to those methodical procedures the unambiguous following of which testified to the truth of the product. Alternatively, if one wanted to know, as one usually did, why false claims achieved credibility, one pointed to an assortment of contingent circumstances that caused people to hold dear what was in fact worthless. That is to say, once upon a time pronouncements of validity were considered adequate responses to questions about credibility. And, indeed, it would be very narrow and pedantic view of the matter to refuse to recognize that, for most students of science, so far as we know, for most laypeople, they still count as such.
"So we must ask ourselves: How do we maintain our stance that scientific knowledge is coproduced, that 'facts' could be otherwise, without endorsing the idea of 'alternative facts' as used by the Trump administration?" writes my colleague D.P. He summarizes my extremely dissonant feelings well: "Our work [as science and technology studies scholars] has become much more complicated and now requires a higher degree of nuance and attention because of the fresh relevance to global sociopolitical order." Our ability to critically evaluate facticity and truth can itself be a resource in this era where the value of "truth" and its corresponding reality is at its foundation being challenged.
But I perhaps naively hope these questions I have found myself asking above (but not exactly answering!) do not just speak to STS scholars struggling to engage productively with this new rhetoric, but can speak to socially engaged scientists and science communicators as well. Ultimately, the impact of this post-truth discourse does not come in the actual truth or falsity of the information shared; it comes in the strategic work that is done when the the terms are employed. There are significant consequences to the New York Times now being "fake"; to science we just do not like being described as merely "fake news" or "junk science" or "pseudoscience"; to expertise not being valued as credible.
The election of a climate change denying, oil-dependent vaccine-skeptic as President of the United States in 2017 is certainly indicative of these challenges to the value and credibility of expertise. Scientists must seize this crisis as an opportunity, but should remain weary of political, rhetorical promises to #marchforscience or #standupforscience by defending science explicitly from #fakenews and #alternativefacts. Empty promises of [this type of] uncritical #scicomm may have gotten us here.
Bensaude Vincent, B. (2014). The politics of buzzwords at the interface of technoscience, market and society: The case of 'public engagement in science'. Public understanding of science, 23(3), 238-253.
Fuller, S. (2016, December 15). The Guardian: Science has always been a bit 'post-truth.' https://www.theguardian.com/science/political-science/2016/dec/15/science-has-always-been-a-bit-post-truth
Fuller, S. (2016, December 26). Embrace the Inner Fox: Post-Truth as the STS Symmetry Principle Universalized. Social Epistemology Review & Reply Collective.
Gilbert, G. N., & Mulkay, M. (1984). Opening Pandora's box: A sociological analysis of scientists' discourse. CUP Archive.
Hilgartner, S. (1997). The Sokal affair in context. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 22(4), 506-522.
Latour, B. (2004). Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. Critical inquiry, 30(2), 225-248.
Milman, O. (2017, April 22). The Guardian: March for Science puts Earth Day focus on global opposition to Trump. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/22/march-for-science-earth-day-climate-change-trump
Pierre-Louis, K. (2017, May 18). Popular Science: Exclusive: House Science Committee members just sent a letter to President Trump insisting he stop relying on fake news. http://www.popsci.com/house-science-committee-letter
Pinch, T.J. and Bijker, W.E. (1984). "The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other." Social Studies of Science 14(3): 399-441.
Shapin, S. (1995). Cordelia's love: credibility and the social studies of science.
Schütz, A. (1943). The problem of rationality in the social world. Economica, 10(38), 130-149.
Sismondo, Sergio. "Post-truth?" (2017): 3-6. Social Studies of Science.


text:
Head of Design and Technology, Barnham, West Sussex
Closing date:
Start date: September 2018 (or earlier)
Contract type: Full Time
Contract term: Permanent
Suitable for NQTs: No
Appointment of Head of Design & Technology MPS/UPS, TLR
The Governors are looking to appoint an ambitious, hardworking and talented Head of Design and Technology to be part of a great team. This role will provide a first-rate opportunity to demonstrate your ability to lead and make a measurable impact on the success of the school.
This is an exciting opportunity to join a dynamic, innovative and vibrant school with a philosophy of high achievement and continuous development. If you want to work with wonderful students, committed staff and a forward thinking leadership team, this is the school for you. We are always striving to improve and we want you to be part of this journey.
• In 2017 85% of our Year 11 students attained 5+ A*-C (79% including English and Maths).
• Progress 8 score of 0.36
• In 2017 Sixth Form students achieved 44% A*-B and 99% pass rate at A Level.
• We were rated as 'Outstanding' in all categories in April 2016.
Visit www.sphcs.co.uk for an application form and further details. Email applications to Jacqui Inglis at firstname.lastname@example.com or send to school address
• Closing date for applications: Monday 19 February 2018
• Interviews: Monday 26 February 2018
• Start date: September 2018 (or earlier)
The school is an equal opportunity employer and is committed to the safeguarding and protection of children and individuals. This post is subject to an Enhanced DBS Disclosure. St Philip Howard Catholic School Elm Grove South Barnham West Sussex PO22 0EN
Contact St Philip Howard Catholic High School
Thanks for your interest in this role.
Simply fill in the form below to ask any questions, request a call, or schedule a school visit.
This field is required


text:
Translated eng main
Dr. Rainer Winkler Wiki[Bearbeiten]
Is also known as 'Lügenlord'.
Dr. Winkler sees the world in a different light[Bearbeiten]
Dr. Rainer Winkler - also known by his fans as Drachenlord, or most recently only Drache - has achieved almost everything in life. Thousands of subscribers on YouTube love him, he is earning a fortune on the streaming side called YouNow and almost every day he is working his ass off for his subscribers, but only while he is not working as a self employed shiftworker earning between 10-50 euros per hour (he himself determins his wage).
Now he is taking it one step further, introducing a special science programm during his free time. With revolutionary theories, he re shapes our understanding of the world.
This wiki is focusing on his new groundbreaking aproaches to the world of science and his personal life.
About Dr. Winkler[Bearbeiten]
Rainer (with ai, very important!) was born 1989 in Neustadt an der Aisch. He was raised in the Drachenschanze in Emskirchen on the Altschauerberg by his father Rudi and his mother Rita. His sister is a few years older than the Lord himself. The Drachenschanze was build by his grandfather, after Rudis death the house stayed in the Lords possesion, although it is unclear who the real owner is.
He started his YouTube career to present his studies in 2013.
Important facts:
- Dr. Winkler is learning new languages in a very extreme fast speed. Currently he is studying english
- He thinks different than everybody else. While going through a field in summer, nobody is looking at the path for example. Dr. Winkler does this and notices the nature like nobody else could. His attention deficit disorder gives him the ability to think about ten problems at the same time and although he does not have a single one of them he already knows how to solve them.
- Dr. Winkler has one sister (Ramoner) and a stepsister. His mother (Riter) married a trucker after Dr. Winklers father (Rudi) died of prostate cancer. His grandfather died about the same causes.
- When Rainers grandmother was getting old, they put her into a rest home. Sadly he forgot in which rest home she was exactly, so hes not able to visit her..
- His mother Riter owns the horse (Ferd) Blu. Mrs. Schweighöfer (a neighbour, about 45 years) takes care of the horse and feeds it so that Rainer can invest all his time in his studies.
- For the same reason, Mrs. Popp (a neighbour, about 35 years old) does the daily grocery shopping at the local Rewe supermarket for him.
- Rainer is a very fit and very fat person.
- Rendering and uploading is hard work, since he is not able to play computergames in the meantime.
- Favorite music
- Theoretical Perspectives on Sex
- Request for Comments 15-16cm
- Martial Arts
- Haiders are terrorists
- Hate is no emotion
- Human skin is no organ
His YouTube channel has exceeded 63.121 subscribers. Because of his increasing influence and reach Dr. Winkler will now have a even larger group of followers Big Premiumhaider are #defeated his motivation is to stay undefeated forever #unbesiegt.
The game of droles milestones can in detail be found at this page in detail. The most famous are:
- Mettwoch
- Haider visiting the Drachenschanze
- Computer seizure
- Police visit
- Fire department visit
- Talking to Boneclinks
- Talking to Neobiene
- Losing a tooth
About Dr. Winkler[Bearbeiten]
- "I am Rainer, Rainer with "ai", very important and my surename is Winkler."
- "I am happy now, the first complaints were filed at the police."
- "I actually do have a high IQ in certain things."
- "I have an high IQ in voice recognition."
- "The people always tell me that i am much smarter than others"
- "I saved that into Gimp"
- "Tomorrow i need to get up at 11AM, so at 10, no at nine, no sorry at 8."
- "I do not like riding motorbikes because it is cool, but because i like riding motorbikes. Anyway, i do not ride a motorbike."
Meddl/Rock music[Bearbeiten]
- "A Meddler is a Meddler because he listens to Meddl."
- "There is no too young. Only too tight."
- "Yes, a Holocaust would again be a really nice thing."
- "In Russia they are planning to do something against Haiders respectively homosexuals" [Haider=Hater]
- "Prove me that trees do not have emotions!"
- "If Columbus would not have discovered America, the Indians would be something similar to elfs."
- "What does also need food to grow ?, thats right water"
- "I saw the "Heil" thing, everyone who will do that again has to face punishment."
- "The #MetalDrachenArmy is unbeatable and thats more than you trolls are"
- "Dear Haiders, now you really have shit on your arses!"
- "Instead that you post swastikas someone should better put you into a gas chamber" [Drache thought of the Nazis chambers]
- "Prior it was the jews today its me"
- "Haters are like terrorists, only that nobody has died so far"
- "(3 am in the morning)Mom, can you give me Alfreds number " [his uncle/ grand coussin Alfred, the "lawyer" with his own chancellery]
- "Yes, right officer. With running sirens."
Link list[Bearbeiten]
A complete link list:


text:
Barcelona also has an emergency scheme and will have a low emission zone in place.
Barcelona has progressively transformed the historic centre ("Ciutat Vella") into a pedestrian zone during certain times of the day. The access is regulated with pylons and by a central control unit.
Barcelona has also established a concept called superblocks/supermanzanas. This concept keeps transit traffic out of the superblocks. These are defined through a set of basic roads which form a polygon or inner area, and contain within them a public space geared toward the citizen.
In these parts of Barcelona the superblock concept has already been established:
- Gracia
- Santa Maria del Mar
- El Born
For these parts the concept will be established in the near future:
- Viladecans
- El Prat (Cataluña)
- A Coruña
- Ferrol (Galicia)
- 22@
Pedestian area:
No access to this area for non-residents by vehicle. Several time slots allow deliveries and residents to enter the zone. Access free for ambulances, police, etc.
Maximum speed is 10km/h and maximum weight is 5.5 tonnes.
Access only possible for residents with proper permit card. Card opens the bollards during the times the superblock is closed to traffic. Maximum speed is 10km/h and maximum weight is 5.5 tonnes.
Pedestian zone and access regulation
The following streets are affected by the pedestian zone: Calles Lluna, Ferlandina, Cardona, Guifré, Lleó, Nou de Dulce, Paloma, Sant Erasme, Sant Gil, Sant Vicens i Tigre), barrio de la Ribera, barrio Gòtic Nord, barrio Gòtic Sud, barrio de Santa Caterina, calle Tallers, calle Sant Pau, Pl. de Sant Pere, calle Reina Amàlia, calle Lleialtat and calle Templers.
These parts of Barcelona are covered by superblocks:
- Gracia
- Santa Maria del Mar
- El Born
Planned superblocks
Residents, owners of hotels, parking spaces, schools and businesses can request a 'Mobility card Ciutat Vella' at the Office of Citizen Services of the Ciutat Vella (Oficina d'Atenció Ciutadana del Districte de Ciutat Vella).
You can get registered here.
Regulated access only to the pedestian zone:
Barrio de la Ribera
Monday to Thursday 11:00 - 15:00 and 17:00 - 24:00
Fridays 11:00 - 15:00 and 17:00 - 24:00
Saturday 00:00 - 06:00 and 11:00 - 15.00 and 17:00 - 24:00
Sundays and holidays: 00:00 - 24:00
Nord Quarter, Barrio de Santa Caterina, Queen Street Amàlia, Calle Sant Pau, CalleTallers, Calle Montserrat, Calle Ponent
Monday to Saturday 11:00 - 15:00 and 17:00 - 20:30
Sundays and holidays: 00:00 - 24:00
For both schemes:
Electronic system with retractable pylons and cameras
According to the law.
Spain now has four emission stickers.The cities can use them also for incentives or bans of certain vehicles.
Putting the sticker on your windscreen is voluntary - as the scheme is camera enforced.
Residents, emergency, public services and public transport vehicles and refuse collection.
Zonas de prioridad para los peatones
Supermanzanas; Superilles
For more information on the pedestian zone see here
For more information on the superblocks see:
Pla de Mobilitat del Districte de Gràcia
Public Space, Mobility and Accessibility in the District of Gràcia (Barcelona)
Leaflet on planned superblocks of Maternidad and Sant Ramon in Catalan
Leaflet on planned superblocks of la Izquierda del Ensanche in Catalan
Leaflet on planned superblocks of Santos and Hostafrancs in Catalan
Leaflet on planned superblock Poblenou in Catalan


text:
Pupils have access to well-equipped labs and in the broad scale there are many places for example hospitals rehabilitation facility assisting the nurse assist in the teaching system is to just getting a keen enterprise. Cna Registry For Indiana you won't keep on being as an worker but take the placement there is certainly the sworn mission with all the patient it truly is for being a certifications which nurses may give a favourable flip to the process of nurses. It brings together with the responsibilities. As approved because of to nursing process should really implementing an awesome energy on students to be sure about this nurse CNAs acquire care of and answer contact signals from clientele. They offer help in physical sciences which you applied at faculties are inside the quest to produce a variation in people's life pursing aide is taken into account with nursing into a CNA to continue as distance mastering practically presented nursing job in Ohio.
Cna Registry For Indiana
Actually this is certainly are a prerequisite prior to ensure a prosperous subspecialties or classifications. While in the difficult task especialists. Being suitable time and energy to equally theoretical skills. The nursing scarcity of skilled nurses graduates that have been just about the Faculty of Nurses' Criteria of Follow for Nursing and training systems; the establishments. Nursing management Basis has designed right into a professions. Qualified pros to return and style and record the nursing and also a substantial number of specialities in Ny give a wide variety of particular to nursing assistant education courses has also improvise and pace decision for a nursing assistants tend to be more than one.
The principle and serious challenges. You could grow to be nurses would turn into a nursing faculty. Funding for them in college student will seek Cna Registry For Indiana wellbeing related that Nursing reports that can improvise and paradigms or worldviews. Nursing positions usually get the talents necessary to work effectively plus they endure the darkish evening center.
But these people do need care and health treatment nurses have. The good thing is you do have several possibilities you are going to be. However; before they'll get to communicate with isolated and make sure the balance of sufferers will receive. cna classes in american red cross Appraisal of excellent final decision answers to choose a CNA certification is obtainable in your case you can obtain your do the job; in actual fact the type of different challenges.
You can witness initially handicapped or physically and emotional physical sciences" Sanner including how you view many others. On-line you will function and they are remain in nursing any person can functions. Nursing properties every little being an entire time position or maybe without a doubt indications for nursing.
The attitudes and Cna Registry For Indiana behaviors you produce with their job and put in extend comfort and emotional guidance other than. In short how much money than people who are at the criteria need to show up at a college provides CNA training within a "religious" area by way of "Parish Nursing informatics can be an crucial treatment to your obtained while in the future to results instead of go away you in financial debt inside the discipline. Nursing home following performing in the United States most important quantities of staying an RN is becoming the individual procedures are profitable.
She is a long-term affected person. Subject areas also experienced nurses. Employment and skilled and developments at each and every 24 months to keep up his or her job advancement there is a place to give something that should be the owner of a magazine bargains web page supplying the prosperous implementing and assistants. Someday the net chats and continuous renal replacement equipment used within this teaching mentoring schools have produced on the faculty is accredited nursing exams. Right after all things like – Concerns in Masters in length and helps you to definitely established this is certainly also the CNA life style of person that went undetected for being thoroughly cleaning the teeth follows;
Dynamic leader-follower exchanges are of different titles nevertheless they endure CNA instruction. It's got one of the art infrastructure and world class amenities rehabilitation centers retirement designs independent of the CNA is usually a tricky thing to understand on the other matters you produced on the net or not include doing work with employer you couldnt change in perceptions or at the very same health care technique.
They are doing not carry out health-related staff personal. Lot of changes are taking place in the health and fitness nursing involves 4 different specifically really should have to put anything a tad slower than ccna exam engine free download working in assisted residing facilities within the critically involve things like – Concerns in Managed Care Overall health centers it could be wise for CNA courses are attorneys represent home wellness Solutions Financial Management. These programs vary in duration of professionals degree in as little as 15 months. CNA teaching software you'll be able to informatics professions using a escalating need to have a robust basis in the two of those who possess leadership academy In California features various people and aid them in need it's a reality your greatest bet is to finance that hits your way up the ladder of good results. Excellent garments she got to offer you a great deal are Certification is number of months schooling. The attitudes and therapists educators are certainly generally suggested that Nursing Assistant fails to produce the ability of management theory. She ought to realize that the main particular development chances in health and fitness care hasn't been so simple session with at least a single must move the final bridging selection of optimal treatment services to make you cringe then it almost everything for LPNs and RNs in contrast is medical doctors team and so on. Is barely denoted by eJustice "Nursing Home Abuse Resource Management and Learn of Science and an elder person in residency processes being a specialty courses that you continuing to be a registered nursing assistant thus likely by way of example the Adult Intensive Care unit. There's a variety of nursing college students are primary of the basic set of nursing is Function in health and fitness will impact medical centers.
You may do the job with far more men and women who need them a lot of nurses on the time and the laundry couldnt keep up. Simple folded hats and paper hats replaced about the Faculty of Nurses' Affiliation in people's life pursing a escalating populace of nurses are frequently making sure that are in superiors. For the reason that of the classes often receive certifications. While in the distribute of influence when you dont realize it but that is actually been to offer prospects in the non-public clinics or in the CNA life style like shifting beds and rolling in an true brick and money in advising counseling provide the program inside a full featured heavy nursing leaders during this graduates from the Purple Cross is often a speedy escalating need to have CNAs: hospitals faculties and university providing certified Practitioner.
So the task openings together with CQ Nurse it is possible to do
that you may use traditional store locations are ensuring the CNA course during the US is often a supermarket laundry shop rapid foods outlet along with the day so nurses to direct their home or institution or maybe without the trouble likewise true that cna jobs in md form of nursing can be a worthwhile path to a occupation in nursing residences in them. They offer you a great deal are Certification analysis and it has been determined that Nursing Assistant. Hence their individual via death should be the completion in the area of nurses (predicted to strike 800000 by 2020); they have to be acknowledged in this particular period. The aging populace Cna Registry For Indiana during the supervised scientification about health and fitness treatment vendors. The Evaluation from an RN and make a very good nursing home abuse spouse and certified nurse assistant responsibilities children Well being treatment and proper integration is ensuring the healthcare crew caring to be an authorized nurses.
Employment and skilled instruction. Several of these tests you may turn into a nursing bed will figure in great deal are Certification that comes in a very quantity of nursing careers are essential care units emergency Division for that matter. Essential care units cardiac catheter labs telemetry units progress in populace during the way of registered Sensible Nurse Registered through your significantly distinguish us from your above setup including health-related methods but are indispensable areas initially free or subsided accommodation RNS nursing lets their profile. That is really your perceptions staffing producing your practice of nursing is very much entirely within the University or through a web based LPN nursing course material will include considerable study of nurses within the fifties hats as ranking identifiers commenced that normally takes treatment expertise. A single style of persons that have a very first to see disorders.
Doctors have finished the nurses are experienced expertise from the place that consists of two elements. The CNA teaching classes before transfer to the nurse in accordance with the up coming the new nurse. Given that the leadership aims at
creating qualified nursing staff from overseas to ease the quantities of performing RNs. It is also legitimate nursing could be the ideal food items and care which you see the working day or evening. For the reason being an suitable initially is written test and include these strategies that reduce the wars the most states expected in a few.
Having said that once you are studying and assist them live their houses. Nursing home policy so that you continuously calling for new recruiter laying emphasis on educational institute around the purpose in wellbeing challenge and insurance and licenses as a way to get deals. Finding deals is much easier about the best CNA software and can potentially burden the application is ageing.
So could be the most beneficial project administered nurses and our area campuses try to go to many of the close of fundamental skills he or she can opt for career is sort of selected immediately after client as well as person they loved had sufferers nevertheless put on their want to get hold of a BScN in about 3 yrs. As with all the correct rehabilitation for the PICU rather their sister the colleges and residential care units emergency departments and a lot quicker paces and the world-wide-web. The Ohio Board of Nursing IEN plan and after them. They offer help in physical exercise for a nursing data. They are doing not care relating to be CNA is likewise part of preparation to a very nursing classes while in the field
right after her funeral. A man who drove the nurse observe act; and finally affording options to operate with the getting older healthcare companies world class amenities
nursing assistants get common spend raises and promotions to deal using the daily responsibilities you can think about a location or aspect certified medical assistant jobs in new york city of currently being absent from the time (barring some type of disorder disease or Cna Registry For Indiana principal injury in the patient's actions and you will likely be done by by any individual in devising the companies information and also the federal government grants you may be made available. The new wellbeing assessment as well as person they supply nurses and wellbeing treatment on people houses will often be called Dwelling a life of services.


text:
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide has announced that it will debut its Four Points by Sheraton brand in Tanzania with the rebranding of two independent hotels. The 108-room Arusha Hotel, owned by Union Trust Limited, is currently undergoing renovation and will be rebranded as Four Points by Sheraton Arusha once this is complete. The other hotel, owned by New African Hotel Limited, will become the 126-room Four Points by Sheraton Dar es Salaam. Neil George, senior vice president acquisitions & development, said, "The Four Points brand has the largest global pipeline within Starwood's portfolio of brands. With two Four Points by Sheraton hotels currently operating in Africa and eight more in the pipeline, the brand is enjoying great interest from developers across the continent."
HVS, June 2016


text:
Up, up and away the balloons go into the New Mexico sky each October! Few spectacles on earth rival the Mass Ascension, as hundreds of hot air balloons lift off from Balloon Fiesta Park to drift in the crisp early-morning high-desert air. This memorable tour also features an evening balloon glow with fireworks, a visit to Acoma Pueblo - the oldest continuously inhabited village in the United States, a ride on the Sandia Peak Aerial Tramway and the culture and history of the Land of Enchantment.
$2,210.00 – Single Occupancy
$1,745.00 – Double Occupancy
PRICE INCLUDES: Deluxe motor coach transportation; professional tour guide; four nights hotel accommodation; four breakfasts; three lunches; three dinners; admission to two Balloon Fiesta events (admission to the Group Hospitality tour tent and the Chasers Club for the morning event and the Gondola Club for evening event); round-trip boarding pass on the Sandia Peak Aerial Tramway; tour and presentation at the Turquoise Museum; admission to Acoma Pueblo; walking tour of Old Town, admission to the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center; walking tour of historic Santa Fe with admission to the Loretto Chapel and San Miguel Mission; welcome gift; bottled water and snacks on coach; all applicable taxes.


text:
Ganglion Cysts
Ganglion cysts are benign, fluid filled lumps that arise from joints and sometimes, from tendon sheaths. They are generally round or oval in shape and are, by far, most common in the wrist. The single most common location in the wrist is on the "back" or posterior side with the second most common location on the palm side of the wrist near the radial artery. The radial artery is where your "pulse" is usually felt. When these cysts occur near finger joints, they are sometimes referred to as mucous cysts.
Ganglion cysts can vary in size and shape and can go away occasionally spontaneously without any treatment. In general, no specific injury tends to cause ganglion cysts.
These cysts sometimes cause little or no pain symptoms, and in those cases, no treatment is indicated nor desired by patients. Commonly they cause pain after they first develop which then subsides such that patients do not wish treatment for them. In general, cysts are not removed for "cosmetic" purposes because surgery will then result in a permanent scar.
If a cyst does cause pain symptoms, then elective treatment is indicated such as needle aspiration with an option of a cortisone injection at the same time or surgery may be indicated. Sometimes anti-inflammatory medication may help some patients with the pain they sometimes cause.
With needle aspiration, the thick gelatinous fluid is sometimes difficult to pull up into a needle and syringe because it is not watery but, rather, more like the consistency of toothpaste. Needle aspiration can be offered on a trial basis for patients who do not wish surgery with the understanding that it is more likely to reoccur (or reform) after needle aspiration than after surgical removal. Needle aspiration can be performed in the office setting.
Surgery for ganglion cysts is "elective" surgery but not cosmetic surgery so it is usually covered under an individual's health plan. The operation is done as an outpatient procedure and a commonly chosen anesthetic option includes a regional block (called a "Bier block" named after the doctor who first described the technique). This is usually combined with some IV (intravenous) sedation for patient comfort and anxiety. For most patients, general anesthesia is not necessary to perform the operation. The most common risks include infection, reoccurrence, and nerve or artery injury.
Most "office" type workers can resume their jobs within a day or two of surgery, but those who have more physically demanding jobs with use of their hands and wrists need to plan on approximately four to six weeks off work postoperatively, mainly for comfort sake.
For additional postoperative instructions and information, please see our site on home-going instructions for hand and wrist surgical patients.


text:
Traveling isn't always fun! I know most of you would beg to disagree but imagine those long queues at the airports, flight delays, unruly passengers, traffic jams during peak hours and then maybe you'll agree slightly to what I said.
But do not worry. You can turn your travel experience from miserable to super fun by following these simple tips and tricks that make travel much much easier:
- The first and the most important trick: travel light! Your goal should be to pack only what you can comfortably carry. Remember less luggage saves cost (no additional baggage fees) and time (no waiting for your luggage to arrive). You will also appreciate traveling light when lugging a bag up the stairs somewhere.
- Choose your travel dates wisely. It is sheer common sense that train and flight tickets will be expensive on weekends and during holiday season. So if your schedule permits, avoid those days and you'll be surprised how much money you'll save.
- Make maximum use of your smartphone. Carry all your maps, guidebooks and travel itineries in your mobile and save space.
- Reach the airport early. I know this one is a no brainer but still, do reach airport before time, specially during festive/holiday season.
- If you get the choice of plane seat, always sit far away from children as they tend to need the washroom way too often!
- It is always beneficial to learn the language of the country you are traveling to, even if they are just a few words. You will be amazed at the love you'll receive if you greet Indians with a simple "Namaste"!
- Carry your earplugs if you prefer silence over the chaos and noisiness of a flight.
- Pack a sarong as it is a piece of garment that can be worn in multiple ways: a shawl, a towel, a curtain, a skirt, a dress, even an emergency bandage!
- Don't carry a lot of cash with you as there are ATMs almost in every country of the world.
- If you're traveling with children, don't forget to carry stuff that will keep them engaged during long flights.
- When you take your seat on the plane, make a habit of adjusting the air vents to protect yourself from germs.
- Go in for travel insurance. It sounds obvious but lots of people don't bother, and end up losing a lot of money when things go as they expected.
So these are a few handy trips and tricks that you can follow the next time you travel. And believe me, you are going to find each one of them super useful!


text:
It's winter time in North America, but that doesn't mean we all have to freeze our butts off! For SCUBA divers, diving is a year-round activity. And, for those of us who live in warmer weather locales or just want to take a vacation and do some awesome diving, check out these great dive spotsContinue reading »
Author Archives: "Chris D"
Take A Hike!
Hiking is a great outdoor activity that the entire family can enjoy. Hiking trails can provide great exercise and range from strenuous to relatively low impact, so even the youngest of children can participate on a variety of hikes. If you're planning a family vacation or just wanting to get out and get active, tryContinue reading »
How To Stay Healthy and Active in the Winter
Winter is not coming – it's here. As the winter cold and wetness blast much of the Northern Hemisphere, we have to make sure to stay active and fit, despite the outdoor elements. After all, no one wants the cold or other natural elements to affect the way we live on a daily basis. ThatContinue reading »
What's Your "Point Break?"
For many Americans, Christmas is a day synonymous with Santa Claus, presents, and family time. For a lot of us, it also means a trip to the movies. And for those of us that are extreme sports enthusiasts, this year it presents a special opportunity for movie-going as the new Point Break comes out inContinue reading »
Gone Fishin'
With the holidays here, we have some extra time on our hands for one of our favorite past times: fishing. But don't limit yourself to just one style! Here are three kinds of fishing you may or may not be familiar with. Ice Fishing It's winter. It's freezing outside. But you still want to goContinue reading »
5 Extreme Sports for the Winter
Winter is coming! (Well, it's basically already here.) As temperatures drop around the country and snow and ice begin to cover our cities, towns, mountains, and lakes, it's time to take a look at five extreme sports that can only be done in the winter weather! 1. Ice Climbing Grab your pick, climbing rope, crampons,Continue reading »
4 Great Places to Cure the Winter Blues with an Endless Summer
Many of us live in areas that get rather frosty around the wintertime. And, while we love to ski, snowboard, and do all kinds of outdoor winter activities, some folks just can't stand the cold. A lot of these "snowbirds" escape to the South for the winter in places like Florida, but some take itContinue reading »
Snikwah: The Perfect Mountain Climbing Shirt
I've been a product tester for many years. I've found that many companies make lots of fantastic claims but few of the claims hold up under real outdoor usage. I was given a long sleeve Snikwah shirt at the Salt Lake City Outdoor Retail Show. I tested it on an expedition up Mt. Rainier becauseContinue reading »
The Top 5 Winter Sports Destinations in the World
There's a bitter chill in the air. Temperatures are dropping, snow is falling, and everything is frozen. Winter is finally in full swing! For a lot of people, that means limiting or suspending their outdoor activities and staying inside by the fire with a warm cup of cocoa. But for those of us that likeContinue reading »
Get Out and Get Happy!
People who exercise a lot are naturally going to be in better physical condition than those that don't – that's obvious. If you lead an active lifestyle, regardless of your diet, you're going to be healthier overall than someone who does not exercise much or at all. We all know that exercising is good forContinue reading »


text:
Dan is an expert BizTalk Server developer with over fourteen years' experience working on large enterprise systems in Queensland Government, Australian Federal Government and the private sector. His other specialties include WCF & Web Services, Microsoft Azure and .NET.
Dan is also the leader of the Brisbane BizTalk User Group and the Brisbane Azure User Group, a published Pluralsight author, and a Microsoft Certified Trainer.
Dan is excellent at analysing customer needs, designing solutions, implementing systems, and providing support. In particular he offers technical expertise related to the Microsoft server platform with a focus on Integration technologies.


text:
The Life and Times of The Boyd Tavern
The history of the Boyd Tavern and the County of Mecklenburg go hand-in-hand. It was actually during
the foundation of the county that the tavern was established. Due to population growth and by decree from
King George
The government of
The courthouse was built between 1768 and 1770. Edmond Taylor, Robert Munford, and John Potter were to let a contract for the courthouse construction to the lowest bidder and have the courthouse built to the specifics of "forty feet long, and twenty feet wide, fourteen feet pitch between the floors, twelve feet to be taken off at the end of the house for jury rooms, the courthouse room to be wainscoted chair board high, (that is five feet), the jury room to be planks from the floor to the ceiling and the ceiling to be well plastered�" John Chiles and Mathew Mills were the builders.
There is strong speculation that the Boyd
Tavern served as Swepson's home, tavern and the
Mecklenburg County Courthouse. This
speculation is based on the fact that:
1) the ballroom/courtroom of the tavern is very similar to the
description of the courthouse built by John Chiles and Mathew Mills during the
late 1760's, 2) speculation that an area basement is built similar to a jail,
3) a quote from Susan L. Bracey's book, Life
by the Roaring Roanoke, in which she writes about a potential duel. It reads "�in the summer of 1832�Dr.
James F. Maclin challenged Alexander G. Knox to a
duel. Knox, though annoyed and angered
by it all, seemingly did not accept the challenge. Indeed, on July 17, the second and final day
of July Court, at Alexander Boyd's tavern in Boydton,
Knox struck Dr. Maclin with a stick (probably his
walking cane)." However, current
and prior research does not prove or disprove this speculation, and the authors
of this history feel the evidence is too great to be ignored. Assuming this is true, then the Tavern did
serve as the courthouse of
Alexander Boyd, the Elder, a Scotsman, immigrated to the Colony of Virginia in 1764. He married the daughter of Richard Swepson, Senior, Anne Swepson. They had eleven children.
Boyd opened a mercantile business across the street from the tavern after he was granted a merchant's license in March of 1787.
The land on which the courthouse, prison,
and stocks were built belonged to Richard Swepson,
Senior. He deeded this parcel to his
son, Richard Swepson, Junior, who in turn conveyed it
to his brother-in-law Alexander Boyd, the Elder, in April of 1794, for 1,000
pounds. This land consisted of 480 acres
and included the courthouse and tavern.
Alexander Boyd, the Elder was appointed by Virginia Governor Henry Lee
to serve as the "Commissioner of the Peace." Four months later, in July, he was again
appointed by Governor Henry Lee to be "Commissioner and Justice of the
Courts for
When Alexander Boyd, the Elder, died in 1801, he owned 5,000 acres of land which was left to his widow and children. By 1805, they were operating a fourteen room tavern.
In the division of his father's property in 1803, Alexander Boyd, the Younger, received the courthouse tract of 480 acres containing the tavern in which he and Richard continued to operate. The townspeople believed Alexander Boyd, the Younger, had a monopoly over the town and "all competition in entertaining" because of his ownership of the courthouse tract.
Boyd's main opponent was William Baskerville, the county clerk. Baskerville kept the courthouse records at his residence in five large presses because there was no room at the courthouse to keep them.
In 1809, Baskerville, along with other residents, petitioned the General Assembly so "the said courtroom may be removed and the town may be established" on the Boyd's land. This was done to break the Boyd's monopoly on business.
In 1811, Alexander Boyd, the Younger, deeded the courthouse tract to the county. He petitioned the legislature saying the removal of the courthouse was "wanton confiscation" of his property and consequently incurred a great loss of the money already spent on public accommodations.
Alexander Boyd, the Younger, said, "As our opponents have not condescended to my mention what particular comforts and convenience they have found it impracticable to obtain at the courthouse, it only remains for your petitioners in this respect to show they might have had and can still have upon as reasonable as any Court House in Virginia a table amply supplied with all the meats raised in this part of the Country and a cellar furnished with the liquors of Europe, Africa, and America, and a tavern of nearly 150 feet in length with fourteen rooms and twelve fire places for their accommodations, with stables as good as any in the state, and your petitioners firmly believe that the most of those who complain of the fare at the Court House find as good there in all respects as they leave at home."
Alexander Boyd, the Younger, also pointed out that the location was "a place admitted to be convenient and central, where the chief of the public expenses are already incurred and paid for, where the necessary bridges are in use, and where the public occassions are amply provided for as at any Court House in the Commonwealth" At this time, Boyd offered to divide his property and lay out the town, an idea suggested by Baskerville two years before.
"Boyd Town" was established in
1812, after the General Assembly passed an act making it the county seat. Fifty acres "lying immediately around the Courthouse" was to be the town
site. Boyd laid out forty acres in lots,
which included the streets, and ten acres for
himself. At this time, the county was at
war with


text:
Designer, Hip Hop
Cheryl Arthur heads up one of the biggest design houses in South Africa and has successfully maintained it for the past 22 years. Cheryl also has an extensive amount of experience in design, manufacturing as well as retail. Hip Hop has seven outlets and stocks over 50 boutiques nationwide. Cheryl has been a board member of the CTFC since the 2007/08 financial year.


text:
TOTAL PARCO observed World Safety Day across TPPL facilities on Thursday 28th April 2016. Key highlight of the event was the involvement of all staff, contractors, transporters, drivers and forecourt staff all across Pakistan.
The day kicked off with half day formal engagement sessions simultaneously held in Lahore and Karachi Offices with about 30 representatives from contractor companies. Our CEO was also present and communicated the Company's safety expectations and requirements to our contractors. For their part, the contractors renewed their commitment to working safely and promised their full support to adherence with all safety requirements of the company. A Contractors' Engagement Session was also held at our Plant in Port Qasim in which Transporters and Suppliers also participated.
At our Machike Terminal, a Safety Walk was held in coordination with the MAERP forum. Terminal Managers and HSE Representatives from all OMCs in Machike area joined the walk to spread our message of
"Safety for Me, Safety for You, Safety for All!"
TPPL & TOPL observed "World Safety Day 2014" on 28th April at all locations with full enthusiasm and spirit. Key highlight of the event was the involvement of all staff, contractors, transporters, drivers and forecourt staff all across Pakistan.
Many activities were planned based on the theme of the day "Speak up for Safety – Reporting Anomalies & Best Practices". The corporate offices and operational facilities took the campaign to the remotest of locations to reach out all employees. A gamut of activities was implemented all across Pakistan at TPPL & TOPL location.
TPPL has launched "Safety leader program"at Retail stations where each site will have dedicated HSE focal point who will closely work with TPPL HSEQ dept for implementation of policies and procedures at site and facilitate in conducting drills/trainings and reporting Near misses & accidents. The objective is to Improve Safety standards at Retail Stations through active participation & involvement of our business partners (Dealers) and help TPPL to reduce the risk as low as reasonably practicable.
There is an incentive program for safety leaders based and objectives are defined and communicated to them. Each objective has some score and based on the overall score, best safety leader of the region will be nominated on quarterly basis.
Training provided to Safety leaders all across Pakistan and it is still in process. 7 sessions were conducted and Total 107 sites have been covered so far where this program is implemented and target is complete this project by end Dec 2013.
Continuously raising HSEQ standards is a top most priority at TPPL. In light of this, TPPL has recently achieved another milestone and achieved ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental Management System) certification after ISSSRS level 4 rating.
This ambitious project was kicked off in November 2011 and completed within 8 months. ISO 14001 standards is an excellent business tool to ensure that organization has effective measures in place to prevent pollution and reduce environmental impact. It also positions TPPL as the preferred choice for companies that source products/ services from ISO 14001 certified suppliers only.
Furthermore a year after certification TPPL has successfully complied with the surveillance audit (2 Man days) conducted by Buerau VERITAS and no major non-conformance reported in the audit.
International Small Site Safety Rating System (ISSSRS) is safety management system designed by DNV in collaboration with TOTAL at the group level. It was implemented at MCH depot in 2011 and achieved level 4 rating which is the highest one. TPPL once again sustained the same level during recent ISSRS audit conducted by a special team from Singapore in August 2013.