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Stonewall Jackson's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862.
On the evening of March 11, 1862, Major General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson gathered his subordinates at his headquarters in Winchester, Virginia - Alta Vista - to discuss the merits of defending the city against the approaching Union army commanded by Major General Nathaniel Prentice Banks. Although Jackson's army of 3,500 paled in numerical strength to Banks's command of 35,000, Jackson suggested that the Valley army launch a surprise attack on the enemy positioned north of the city.[1] All of the officers present at the meeting disapproved of Jackson's bold plan and instead urged him to withdraw. The mere thought of evacuating Winchester and leaving it to Federal occupation bothered Jackson. Reverend Dr. James Robert Graham, one of Jackson's closest confidants in Winchester, noted that Jackson "was bitterly distressed and mortified at the necessity of leaving the people he loved dearly."[2]
As Jackson's command marched south on the night of March 11 the mood of Winchester's Confederate civilians soured as uncertainty loomed. Winchester's Cornelia McDonald noted that evening: "there were hurried preparations and hasty farewells, and sorrowful faces turning away from those they loved best, and were leaving, perhaps forever."[3]
Winchester's Unionists and African Americans on the other hand eagerly awaited Banks's occupation. The moment they anticipated came on March 12. Unionist Julia Chase reveled in her diary: "Glorious news. The Union Army took possession of Winchester today and the glorious flag is waving over our town."[4]
As Banks occupied Winchester and made the town's Confederate civilians in the estimation of resident Mary Greenhow Lee, "prisoners in our own houses," President Abraham Lincoln began to doubt that his general-in-chief Major General George Brinton McClellan could handle the duties of that job while at the same time directing operations against Richmond via the Virginia Peninsula.[5] After Lincoln determined to restrict McClellan's responsibilities specifically to the Army of the Potomac, Lincoln informed McClellan he would need to leave behind ample troops to secure Washington, D.C.[6] Consequently, McClellan ordered Banks to send one of his divisions, Brigadier General John Sedgwick's, from the Valley to Manassas to aid in the protection of the capital. Four days after Banks occupied Winchester, McClellan petitioned Banks to send all of his remaining troops from the Valley to secure the capital save for one brigade which would oversee the reconstruction of the strategically vital Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.[7]
McClellan's directive troubled Banks. When Banks received McClellan's order the Federal commander in the Shenandoah Valley did not know the precise strength, location, or objectives of Jackson's army. This uneasiness prompted Banks to send Brigadier General James Shields on a reconnaissance mission south toward Strasburg. Despite a brief encounter with Confederate cavalry commanded by Colonel Turner Ashby south of Middletown, Shields reported to Banks that he did not deem Jackson's army any great threat. Confident in Shields' estimation Banks ordered Brigadier General Alpheus Starkey Williams' division out of the Valley to aid in the defense of Washington, D.C.[8]
While confidence abounded in Banks's command, trepidation permeated the Confederate ranks. Shields' lack of aggression against Ashby created angst in Jackson's cavalry chief that Shields' movement portended a much larger removal of Federal forces from the Valley to support McClellan's operations.[9] News of the withdrawals from the Valley also struck fear into General Joseph E. Johnston who believed that Union forces from the Valley would be funneled east to assist the Army of the Potomac's campaign against the Confederate capital. Alarmed for the safety of Richmond, Johnston directed Jackson to do whatever necessary in order to prevent additional Union troops from leaving the Valley. "It is important to keep that army in the valley," Johnston explained to Jackson, "& that it should not reinforce McClellan."[10] That directive defined Jackson's role in the Shenandoah - utilize the region as a diversionary theater of war in order to aid in Richmond's defense and consequently provide hope to a young Confederate nation that seemed to stand at the precipice of military disaster.
On the morning of March 22, Jackson marched his army north from its camps around Mount Jackson to engage the remnants of Banks's army in the lower Valley.[11] As the infantry columns marched north, Ashby's cavalry hastened toward Winchester. When they arrived in Newtown (present-day Stephens City) a young boy informed Ashby that all of the Union forces had evacuated Winchester.[12] This report soon proved erroneous. As Ashby's troopers neared the southern outskirts of Winchester they encountered pickets from Shields' division - the only portion of Banks's army that remained in the region. After a small melee, which resulted in the fracturing of Shields' left arm by an artillery fragment from Captain Roger Preston Chew's Battery, Ashby's cavalry withdrew.[13]
Despite the ability of Ashby's horsemen to crush Shields' defense, the skirmish offered Ashby a chance to communicate with several civilians who informed him that Shields' division was making preparations for a complete withdrawal. Visual evidence seemed to corroborate this information. During the fight on March 22 a number of Ashby's men reported that they saw only "a few tents" and that Winchester "seemed to be evacuated by the enemy."[14] The intelligence proved false. Shields did not intend to leave. One week after the skirmish with Ashby, Shields explained to his superiors that he purposely took measures to conceal his division of about 8,000 men so as to "deceive" Jackson.[15] The deception, whether planned or not, coupled with the information provided by area civilians compelled Jackson to act immediately.
While military necessity called for Jackson to strike Shields on March 23, before the Federals had an opportunity to move east, the timing of the impending offensive bothered Jackson deeply. If Jackson attacked on March 23 he would be fighting on a Sunday. Deeply concerned about violating the Sabbath, Jackson penned his wife Mary Anna that he was "greatly concerned" to order his men into battle on a Sunday. Despite those reservations, however, Jackson ultimately concluded that "important considerations… rendered it necessary to attack" on March 23.[16]
As Jackson struggled with his decision, the field command of Shields' division fell upon the shoulders of Colonel Nathan Kimball while Shields recuperated from his wound in Winchester. A physician from Indiana prior to the conflict, and a veteran of the Mexican-American War, Kimball held the esteem of his men as "a stout old fighter."[17] After Shields gave Kimball command he advised his subordinate to move two of the division's three brigades south to Kernstown to secure the southern approaches to Winchester.[18]
On the morning of March 23, while the main body of Jackson's army marched north on the Valley Pike, Colonel Ashby led a contingent of cavalry, three cannon, and four infantry companies to Kernstown. Any confidence held by this contingent of Confederates disappeared as they viewed sixteen Union cannon perched atop the commanding heights of Pritchard's Hill located west of the Valley Pike. The Union guns, remembered a Confederate artillerist, "replied to our opening shots with a vim which at once bespoke that they meant business."[19] By 11:00 a.m. the Union artillery along with the destructive fire of Union sharpshooters forced Ashby's command to withdraw.
After the Confederate retreat Jackson arrived and surveyed the situation. Jackson quickly discerned that the key to winning the battle rested in the ability of his men to silence the Union artillery atop Pritchard's Hill. With a frontal assault a suicide mission, Jackson ultimately determined to break the Union position by placing Confederate batteries on a piece of unoccupied high ground situated west of Pritchard's Hill - Sandy Ridge.
At approximately 4:00 p.m. Jackson's artillery, according to Kimball, "opened a heavy and well directed fire upon our batteries."[20] Although stunned by the presence of Confederate artillery on Sandy Ridge, Kimball acted quickly and rushed troops to Sandy Ridge to hamper Jackson's efforts. Throughout the remaining hours of daylight the Confederate brigades of Colonel Samuel Vance Fulkerson and Brigadier General Richard Brook Garnett fought tenaciously on Sandy Ridge, but the constant pressure from Kimball's regiments, waning ammunition supplies, and a lack of communication between Jackson and his subordinates compelled the Confederates to retreat.
After the defeat at the First Battle of Kernstown, Jackson halted his army about three miles south of the battlefield in Newtown. Neither Jackson nor his army seemed demoralized by the loss. A Confederate artillerist noted of the army's morale: "Jackson gave up the field, repulsed, but not vanquished, defeated, but not routed nor demoralized."[21]
Jackson's counterparts reveled in their victory over Stonewall Jackson in Virginia - a theater of war that had not been kind to Union operations up to this point in the conflict. One Union veteran explained of Kernstown' s impact on Northern morale: "The victory heartened up the North very greatly, and it threw a shadow upon the reputation which Stonewall Jackson had gained at Bull Run."[22]
Among those who celebrated Jackson's defeat was General Shields. Although not present on the battlefield during the fight, Shields claimed credit for the success. Additionally, Shields embellished the overall strength of Jackson's army to make the Union victory appear to be even grander than initially believed. Shields' initial communication to the War Department placed the strength of Jackson's army around 15,000 men. Several days later he reported Jackson's army stood at 11,000 at the beginning of the battle.[23] In retrospect Shields' embellishments did more harm than good to Union operations in the Shenandoah Valley. When Banks received Shields' report of a victory over a numerically superior Confederate force, he sent Williams' division back to the Valley. Additional troops would soon follow. Overall the War Department redirected about twenty thousand troops - ones that could have been used to support McClellan - to the Shenandoah to deal with Jackson's army. Thus, through no design of Jackson's, his tactical defeat transformed into a strategic success. "The battle of Kernstown," concluded a member of Jackson's army, "if not to be claimed as a victory for the Confederates served all the purposes of one."[24]
Throughout the remaining days of March, Jackson marched his army south to the area of Rude's Hill - a strong defensive position just south of Mount Jackson. There, Jackson set to the work of increasing the size of his army. By mid-April Jackson's command stood at about 6,000. In addition to bolstering his command, Jackson sought a way to use the Valley's geography to divide and conquer. To aid him in his task Jackson turned to Captain Jedediah Hotchkiss, a man who possessed an intricate knowledge of the region. Three days after his defeat at Kernstown, Jackson summoned Hotchkiss, who at the time served as an officer in the Augusta County Militia Battalion, to his headquarters. Jackson directed Hotchkiss: "I want you to make me a map of the Valley, from Harper's Ferry to Lexington, showing all the points of offence and defence in those places."[25]
As Jackson strengthened his force and contemplated how to use the Valley's features to his advantage, General Banks marched south with approximately 20,000 men. When Jackson learned of Banks's pursuit he withdrew south to Conrad's Store, a place that afforded Jackson numerous strategic advantages. From that one location Jackson could maintain a strong defense, control Swift Run Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, while still having the capacity to launch an offensive against Banks should military necessity require it.[26]
After Jackson's army arrived at Conrad's Store in mid-April it received additional support when the Army of the Northwest - a small command of approximately 3,500 men commanded by Brigadier General Edward "Old Alleghany" Johnson—attached itself to Jackson's command. Simultaneously with the support of Johnson's command, General Robert Edward Lee, who at the time served as military advisor to President Jefferson Davis, informed Jackson that he would also receive support from Major General Richard Stoddert Ewell's division.
Lee hoped that Jackson would use Ewell to crush Banks; however, the presence of approximately 20,000 Federals commanded by Major General John Charles Frémont west of the Shenandoah Valley troubled Jackson greatly.[27] Since the early part of April the lead elements of Fremont's army commanded by Brigadier General Robert Huston Milroy moved closer to the Valley as Milroy intended to push toward Staunton and disrupt the vital rail center. Jackson knew that if Milroy succeeded in his mission the Valley army's lifeline with Richmond would be severed.
Jackson began his campaign to prevent any threat to Staunton by first marching his army east. While Jackson's movement initially presented the appearance of a withdrawal from the Valley, Jackson marched his men east so that they could board the cars of the Virginia Central Railroad at Mechum's River Station and then steam west to Staunton. The Valley army arrived in Staunton on May 4 and then marched west. As Jackson's army marched into the rugged terrain west of Staunton a contingent of cadets from the Virginia Military Institute joined Jackson's command for the expedition. The polished cadets offered a stark contrast to the battle-tested soldiers of Jackson's army. "The spruce equipments and the exact drill of the youths… formed a strong contrast with the war-worn and nonchalant veterans," recalled one chronicler.[28]
On May 8 Jackson engaged the brigades of Milroy and Brigadier General Robert Cumming Schenck at the Battle of McDowell. Jackson followed up his victory with a pursuit of the Federals to Franklin, however, the march proved difficult as Milroy and Schenck set fire to the trees that lined the road from McDowell to Franklin. "Milroy, like the bull of the Southern woodlands," recalled a veteran of Jackson's army, "which seeks shelter from mosquitoes in the friendly folds of smoke, fired the mountains right and left as he retreated."[29] One week after the victory at McDowell - feeling satisfied that he had secured Staunton and prevented any potential unification between Fremont and Banks, Jackson marched his men back to the Shenandoah.
Although a small engagement by later Civil War standards, the Confederate victory at McDowell boosted the spirits of the Confederacy, which by the first week of May 1862 received only bad news from other fronts. A member of Jackson's staff noted of the electric effect of the victory at McDowell: "This announcement was received by the people of Virginia and of the Confederate States with peculiar delight, because it was the first blush of the returning day of triumphs after a season of gloomy disasters."[30]
With any immediate threat from Frémont eliminated, Jackson now turned his gaze to Banks's army. On May 21 Jackson joined with Ewell's division near Luray and with his ranks swelled to nearly 17,000 men, the Valley army marched north through the Luray Valley to strike the strategic left flank of Banks's command at Front Royal, an important depot along the Manassas Gap Railroad and the lifeline of Banks's force.
By the time Jackson turned his attention to Banks, the War Department had considerably reduced the size of Banks's army by redirecting, once again, troops from the Valley to support McClellan. By mid-May Banks's command contained less than 10,000 men. What further complicated Banks's situation was that his army was not concentrated at one point, but rather stretched a distance of more than ten miles between Strasburg and Front Royal. At Front Royal, a location believed by Banks to be an "indefensible position," Banks placed a command of approximately 1,000 men commanded by Marylander Colonel John Reese Kenly.[31] This weakest portion of Banks's defensive line became Jackson's first target.
On May 23, Jackson struck Kenly's command. When Kenly learned of Jackson's approach he knew that he stood no chance of defeating Jackson, however he hoped that his small band might be able to delay Jackson for a sufficient amount of time to allow for the evacuation of Union stores from Front Royal. More significantly, Kenly hoped that his efforts at Front Royal would prevent Jackson from moving west and cutting off Banks's retreat route to Winchester via the Valley Pike. "Colonel Kenly, in a cool and collected manner," reported the Baltimore Sun, "made an address to his command… he… told them to retreat at that moment would be certain death…. To this the men responded with a cheer that they would stand and fight."[32]
Throughout the afternoon of May 23, Kenly's force did all it could to slow Jackson, but the Herculean effort came to an end several miles north of Front Royal at the small crossroads of Cedarville. Kenly formed his men near the home of Thomas McKay and braced for the assault of Colonel Thomas Stanhope Flournoy's 6th Virginia Cavalry. The troopers annihilated Kenly's command. Approximately 900 of Kenly's command, including the twice-wounded Kenly, fell captive to Confederate forces.[33]
With Banks's line of supply and communication now severed, Jackson turned his focus to the west. On May 24 Jackson marched his army west toward the Valley Pike in an attempt to cut off Banks's retreat route from Strasburg to Winchester. Unfortunately for Jackson by the time his troops reached the Valley Pike at Middletown the bulk of Banks's army had passed safely to Winchester. The only portion of Banks's command which did not fare so well was the Union rear guard commanded by Brigadier General John Porter Hatch. Hatch's command, along with some Union supply wagons that got a late start out of Strasburg, met a destructive fate at the hands of Confederate artillery batteries commanded by Captain Roger Preston Chew and Captain William Thomas Poague.[34]
When Banks arrived in Winchester he placed his command in a strong defensive position on the southern end of town with both of his flanks anchored on high ground. Although Banks held the advantage of terrain, Banks never dreamed he would be able to defeat the numerically superior Jackson. Banks viewed any opportunity for battle as a chance to delay Jackson long enough to allow the Union wagon trains sufficient time to withdraw across the Potomac River. General Williams, the only division commander Banks had left, recalled of the sentiment in Banks's officers corps: "It was decided to make a fight as we were, in front of the town . . . . The prospect was gloomy enough… but we could not get away without a show of resistance, both to know the enemy's position and to give our trains a chance to get to the rear."[35]
At approximately 5:40 a.m. Jackson began his assault. Ewell's division struck first against Banks's left flank atop Camp Hill. The obstinate resistance of Colonel Dudley Donnelly's brigade turned Ewell's efforts into a stalemate. With Camp Hill unable to be broken, Jackson now looked to crack Banks's extreme right flank on Bowers' Hill. Here Jackson turned to the shock troops of his Valley army - Brigadier General Richard Taylor's Louisiana Brigade. Taylor led a successful flank attack against Bowers' Hill and easily crushed the position held by Colonel George Henry Gordon's brigade.
Unable to resist the onslaught Banks's men took their heels. As the Federal soldiers retreated through Winchester they not only had to worry about being captured by Jackson's men, but also had to be concerned with angry Confederate civilians who used the opportunity to vent their frustration by shooting at their former occupiers.[36] Lieutenant Robert Gould Shaw, who served with the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry, wrote to his family in Boston: "The inhabitants did their share from the windows - women as well as men. I hope that the town will be destroyed when we go back there."[37]
The news of Jackson's victories at Front Royal and Winchester raised the spirits of the Confederacy. The Richmond Examiner celebrated: "Richmond yesterday experienced a decided and wholesome feeling of elation and rejoicing… of the glorious successes of Jackson. It was earnestly hoped the achievements in the valley might speedily find their counterpart nearer Richmond."[38]
While Jackson's success at Winchester greatly bolstered the mood of the young Confederate nation, it arguably emerged as the pivotal moment in Jackson's military career where people in both North and South began to notice Jackson's military prowess. Northern journalist Alfred Townsend observed of the centrality of Winchester's role in defining Jackson's legacy: "Jackson's glory has steadily increased. He was first brought into notice at Winchester."[39] Additionally, if one trusts artwork as a tool of historical interpretation as did the nineteenth-century English intellectual John Ruskin, the notion that the Confederate victory at Winchester catapulted Jackson to national prominence gains more credence. When artists William D. (records of his middle name are conflicting) Washington, noted for his Burial of Latané, and Louis Mathieu Didier Guillaume received separate commissions to produce paintings of Jackson in the immediate aftermath of his death, both painters chose scenes from his victory over Banks at Winchester as the setting for the painting.[40]
With Jackson's star on the rise and renewed optimism in the Confederacy, Union war-planners sought ways to silence Jackson. The Lincoln administration knew that, with Banks defeated, it had to turn to Generals Frémont and Shields to neutralize Jackson. Ideally, Lincoln hoped Frémont could converge on Jackson from the west and Shields' division from the east. The two Union commands, however, suffered significant supply issues and moved slowly. This, coupled with intelligence Jackson gathered about a potential unification between Frémont and Shields, allowed the Confederate army to slip south of Strasburg - the place where the junction should have occurred between Frémont and Shields.
Unable to trap Jackson in the lower Valley, Frémont and Shields had no other choice but to pursue in two separate columns. Frémont marched south through the main Shenandoah Valley, while Shields paralleled the pursuit east of the Massanutten Mountain in the Luray Valley. Jackson knew that at this point in the campaign terrain became his strongest ally. So long as he could keep the Massanutten between Frémont and Shields, Jackson believed he could win. As Jackson moved south he tried to anticipate where the two armies might try to link. Jackson knew that if they did link they would have to cross the South Fork of the Shenandoah River. With all of the bridges over the river destroyed, Jackson concluded that only one place became the likely candidate for a unification of Frémont's and Shields' commands, the river junction of the North River and South Fork at Port Republic.
Frémont pursued Jackson closely and on June 6 engaged the rear of Jackson's column at Harrisonburg. Although a small engagement that resulted in a Confederate victory, it cost Jackson the loss of his cavalry chief Ashby. Two days later a portion of Jackson's army commanded by Ewell clashed with and defeated Frémont at the Battle of Cross Keys, a small hamlet situated midway between Harrisonburg and Port Republic.
On June 9, the day after Ewell's victory at Cross Keys, Jackson attacked troops from Shields' division commanded by Brigadier General Erastus Bernard Tyler in the Battle of Port Republic - the final battle of Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign. Union artillery posted atop a high eminence known as the Coaling initially wreaked havoc on Jackson's forces, however repeated pressure from General Taylor's Louisiana troops forced the Federals to cede control of the battlefield to Jackson.
Following his victory at Port Republic, Jackson marched his army to Brown's Gap in the Blue Ridge. Uncertain as to how Frémont and Shields would react, Jackson believed it best to go on the defensive after Port Republic. However, when neither Union general threatened Jackson, Stonewall moved his army back into the Valley to Weyers Cave. Ideally, Jackson hoped that he would receive additional reinforcements to continue his work in the Shenandoah Valley, but the newly minted commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, General Lee, had other plans for Jackson east of the Blue Ridge. On June 18 Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign officially closed as his army marched east.
By the time Jackson's army marched to unite with Lee no person in the Confederacy held more of an iconic reputation than Stonewall Jackson. Throughout his spring campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, Jackson's army covered nearly 700 miles, won five battles, created a strategic diversion that alleviated pressure on Richmond and perhaps most importantly of all inspired hope in despondent hearts of the Confederacy's people.
Some in the Confederacy believed that Jackson's victories would elevate him to the highest leadership position in the Confederacy. Mary Chestnut confided in her diary: "This Stonewall. He fights to win - God bless him and he wins. He will be our leader… after all."[41]
Respect for Jackson also existed in the North. Although the name of Jackson struck fear into the hearts and minds of many Northerners, they could not help but admire Jackson's military genius. Following his victory at Port Republic the New York Times praised Jackson: "One thing is certain, Jackson is equally eminent as a strategist and tactician. He handles his army like a whip, making it crack out of the way corners where you scarcely thought it would reach."[42]
While Jackson added to his iconic reputation over the next eleven months and arguably saved his greatest battlefield feat for Chancellorsville, his operations in the Shenandoah Valley in the spring of 1862 offered the only moment where his full abilities as a general could be put on full display. Perhaps it was Confederate veteran and author John Esten Cooke who best captured how Jackson's generalship during the Valley Campaign - one still studied at military academies around the world-defined his immortal legacy: "This campaign made the fame of Jackson as a commander. . . . The rumor of his rapid movements and constant successes came like a wind from the mountains to the Confederate capital and infused fresh life into the languid pulses and desponding hearts of the people."[43]
Peter Cozzens, Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
William Allan, History of the Campaign of Gen. T.J. (Stonewall) Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1880.
Paul Christopher Anderson, Blood Image: Turner Ashby in the Civil War and the Southern Mind. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
Richard L. Armstrong, The Battle of McDowell: Jackson's Valley Campaign, March 11-May 8, 1862. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, 1990.
Brandon H. Beck & Charles S. Grunder, The First Battle of Winchester. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, 1992.
Millard K. Bushong, General Turner Ashby and Stonewall's Valley Campaign. Berryville, VA: Virginia Book Co., 1980.
Champ Clark, Decoying the Yanks: Jackson's Valley Campaign. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books, 1984.
Darrell L. Collins, The Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, 1993.
Gary L. Ecelbarger, Three Days in the Shenandoah: Stonewall Jackson at Front Royal and Winchester. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.
Gary L. Ecelbarger, "We Are in for It!" The First Battle of Kernstown. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing, 1997.
Roderick Rodgers Gainer, Jr., The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Wallace Hettle, Inventing Stonewall Jackson: A Civil War Hero In History and Memory. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011.
Robert K. Krick, Conquering the Valley: Stonewall Jackson at Port Republic. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.
Jonathan A. Noyalas, "My Will is Absolute Law": A Biography of Union General Robert H. Milroy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006.
Jonathan A. Noyalas, Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign: War Comes to the Homefront. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2010.
James I. Robertson, Jr., Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend. New York: Macmillan, 1997.
Robert G. Tanner, Stonewall in the Valley: Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Spring 1862. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976.
Time Life Books, eds., Voices of the Civil War: Shenandoah 1862. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books, 1997.
Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation
Managers of the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District.
Kernstown Battlefield Association
All-volunteer organization which owns more than three hundred acres of land associated with the First and Second Battles of Kernstown.
Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum, Winchester, Virginia
Building used as Stonewall Jackson's headquarters from November 1861-March 11, 1862. Contains an impressive collection of Jackson artifacts.
Society of Port Republic Preservationists
All-volunteer organization which maintains the Frank Kemper House in Port Republic—the building where Gen. Turner Ashby's remains were taken after he was killed at the fight on Chestnut Ridge in Harrisonburg on June 6, 1862.
The Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the American Civil War was conceived and designed by Dr. Edward Ayers, now President of the University of Richmond. This website contains a treasure trove of primary material from Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Although it covers the immediate prewar and postwar years in addition to the conflict, it contains valuable primary material related to Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign.
No other sources listed.


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Power Rogers & Smith, L.L.P. Partners Selected to the List of the Best Lawyers in America 2019, Named Lawyers of the Year
Student-on-Student Sexual Assault Cases in Chicago Public Schools
Power Rogers & Smith, LLP Attorneys Secure $40 Million Settlement for 12-Year-Old, Family
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Chicago Sun-Times Reports: City's Settlement with Bettie Jones Estate is $16 Million
Attorney Joseph A. Power, Jr. to Receive Leonard M. Ring Lifetime Achievement Award
Power Rogers & Smith, LLP Attorneys Secure $40 Million Settlement for 12-Year-Old, Family
Power Rogers & Smith, L.L.P. Partners Selected to the List of the Best Lawyers in America 2019, Named Lawyers of the Year
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WYSO is extremely excited to announce that it will be hosting a Summer Chamber Music Camp this July. From July 25 – July 29, 2016 on the campus of Edgewood College in Madison, WI, WYSO will work with young musicians ages 11 – 18 in an effortRead more →
Yearly archive for 2016
Organization: Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestras Position: Development Manager Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestras (WYSO) seeks an energetic and forward thinking development professional to join one of the most highly respected youth orchestra programs in the country. The Development Manager will play a major role in theRead more →
Join us for a unique concert experience at the Goodman Community Center. On April 23 at 3:00 pm, WYSO's Philharmonia Orchestra will present a casual and intimate concert for Madison Area families. The concert itself will feature not only Philharmonia Orchestra but the Music Makers Honors EnsembleRead more →
Under the direction of Vicki Jenks, WYSO's Percussion Ensemble was on Rich Samuels' morning show, Anything Goes, on WORT Madison this morning. If you missed the broadcast you can listen to a it on WORT's website. WYSO's section starts at the 2:20 mark. It's a great previewRead more →
On April 16, WYSO's Percussion Ensemble will put on a performance featuring several performing ensembles including WYSO alumni Mike Truesdell. This concert will knock your socks off! Mike Truesdell– Percussion Performer, Educator, & WYSO Alum Rutgers University & Columbia University, New York City, NY Associate Faculty, ZeltsmanRead more →
This weekend and next week WYSO will hold its last chamber recitals of the season. These FREE concerts will feature all of the WYSO chamber ensembles. Trio's, quartets, and quintets will perform works that they've been preparing all year long. Saturday, April 9, 2016 4:00 pm &Read more →
WYSO will present its second concert series of the season, the Diane Endres Ballweg Winterfest Concert Series, on Saturday, March 19, 2016. Almost 400 young musicians will display their great talents to the community during the four concerts. This concert series will also welcome back alumna bassoonist,Read more →
This Saturday, March 12 at 1:00 pm WYSO will be holding an Audition Workshop. The event will take place in the UW-Humanities building in room 2650. \ This workshop is aimed at presenting students who are auditioning in to WYSO and their parents a clear picture ofRead more →
This Friday, March 4, WYSO will hold the Philharmonia Orchestra Honors Recital at Capitol Lakes at 7:00 pm. The performers will include the honorable mentions from the Philharmonia Orchestra Concerto Competition. This event is free and open to the public. Performers will include the following members of WYSO's Philharmonia Orchestra: AdamRead more →
This Friday, February 26, WYSO will hold the Youth Orchestra Honors Recital at Oakwood West at 7:00 pm. The performers will include the honorable mentions from the Youth Orchestra Concerto Competition. This event is free and open to the public. Performers will include the following members of WYSO'sRead more →


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Dear Collector Friend,
As I prepare for my yearly gemstone-buying trip to Arizona, people often ask me, "What on earth is there in Arizona?" My reply, accompanied by a smile, is to explain that the intrigue of this place doesn't lie so much in what is there, but in who is there.
This is a welcoming place to return to year after year, and what keeps it interesting is that there always seems to be a certain surprise, delightful or otherwise, in the characters that cross my path. This year, my lust for finding the perfect cut of lapis lazuli brought me to one of the highlights of the trip.
Finding a lapis dealer who was new on the scene and trying to acquire new clients, I embarked on a long chat with him, convincing him that he should be willing to give me his best price. Discovering that he was from Afghanistan, I was fascinated to learn that he worked with his 3 brothers in the gem business. With 1 brother living in India, 1 in Hong Kong, and 1 in Sweden, this fellow had some truly intriguing insights and stories. Our meeting reaffirmed that which draws me to the south year after year: the international crossroads ambiance of the mountain belted cities where I procure so many of my gemstones.
While often time-consuming, the process of developing relationships with purveyors builds a web of mutual interest, respect, and appreciation that reaches forward into future years. Due to the complex and dynamic personalities that miners and purveyors of fine gemstones often express, just one purchase transaction alone can often take a number of hours. While obtaining the best price is certainly a driving factor in every interaction, the meeting of minds is what brings each one to life, sending me home with vivid stories and infusing each stone with multiple layers of interest.
Gemstone purveyors are people who do what they do because they love it. Of course they may come across some rare minerals and get rich as a sideline perk, but this is not what initially draws them to such a rugged and unpredictable industry. They are there for the very same reason that I am involved with gems: a captivation by the endless variation offered within each gemstone. Just when we think we've seen it all, phenomenal surprises leap out along the way.
The realm of gemstone acquisition is not a place for the timid. It takes a certain amount of moxy to invest financial resources into a mine that offers promise based on a few scientific facts, or sometimes merely a hunch. These committed individuals devote many of their days and years to the endeavour of discovering the most perfect and sought-after minerals the planet has to offer.
This kind of steadfastness and dedication are instantly recognizable to me. These are the same qualities that I muster up each time I put my studio gear on. It is this devotion to the potential beauty of a stone that drives us. Whether motivated by the wonder that exists beyond the ordinary surface of a stone or the possibilities of transforming a rough gem into a magnificent work of art, we are pulled by the undeniable magnetism that arises from these exquisite gifts of the earth.
Art, Nature, and Beauty Always,


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Department of Social Services
Phone: (315) 379-2111
Chris Rediehs, Commissioner
St. Lawrence County Department of Social Services
Brief Description of Services:
The St. Lawrence County Department of Social Services provides temporary assistance to eligible individuals and families to help them with their basic needs until they can become self-sufficient. Toward that end, we have employment programs and other supportive services such as day care so that people can find and maintain employment. We also administer programs which can assist people with their medical expenses and nutritional needs.
In addition, Children's Services helps families deal with problems so they can stay together and, when necessary, provides foster care. Child Protective Services investigates allegations of abuse and neglect. Child Support assists in collecting financial support from legally responsible relatives.
Visit NY Connects: Choices for Long Term Care: Free information and assistance service that is available to individuals of all ages and their families to help them make better decisions regarding their long term care needs. NY Connects will serve the elderly, adults and children with disabilities, regardless of their payer source. NY Connects is a trusted resource that provides impartial and unbiased information about Long Term Care choices in St. Lawrence County. Click on link (above) for the Resource Directory or on picture (below).
Visit NYS MyBenefits: The fast and easy way to find out about many health and human service programs and how to apply for them anytime and anywhere. Click on link (above) for the Website or on picture (below).
To report possible fraud, please call (315) 379-2145 or go to www.otda.ny.gov/resources/welfare-fraud/ to complete the Report Welfare Fraud Online Form. Callers may remain anonymous.
Public Notice
Pursuant to Title 18 of the New York Code of Rules and Regulations §407.10, the St. Lawrence County Department of Social Services will hold a public hearing on March 12, 2018 from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. in Room B-02 of the Social Services building, located at 6 Judson Street, Canton.
The Department is preparing to complete the Child and Family Services Plan for St. Lawrence County Department of Social Services and Youth Bureau for the period of April 1, 2018, through March 31, 2023. Child protective services, adult services, and family and children's services components of the plan will be considered from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Representatives from the Department of Social Services will discuss services available in St. Lawrence County and how they can be accessed. The public hearing also allows the public to raise issues and offer ways to improve delivery and provision of services in St. Lawrence County.
Anyone who is unable to attend the public hearing may submit comments to Heather Wenzel, Deputy Commissioner, St. Lawrence County Department of Social Services, 6 Judson Street, Canton, New York, 13617, or by phone at (315) 379-2706.


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Legal project management and business development (Part 2 of 2)
By Jim Hassett and Jonathan Groner
Stuart J.T. Dodds is director of global pricing and LPM at Baker McKenzie, one of the largest law firms in the world, with over 4,500 lawyers and 77 offices in 47 countries. Dodds is widely recognized as a leader in linking LPM to business development, and he is the author of two related books published by the American Bar Association: Smarter Pricing, Smarter Profit, and Pricing on the Front Line.
In a recent interview, Dodds noted that
In RFPs lately, we have seen very specific questions such as, 'Do you have project managers who have certification? How and where have they supported client matters? Can you give us case studies for how you would deliver LPM concepts in a specific commercial situation?' This gives the client a good basis to compare one firm with another. It's more than the words on the page. It's what the firm actually does. I think this is a very healthy development.
In fact, Dodds says, members of the senior project manager team that he heads (including over 40 project managers) typically become directly involved in the pitching process and interact with prospective clients as part of the business development team.
This is how we tell the client that we will engage with them, if we are selected. We will take these nonlegal professionals into the client discussions in order to achieve the best result for the client.
When the firm begins work on a large client matter, a project manager is assigned to work alongside the attorneys. For smaller matters, the firm relies on a training program that it developed and executed in-house, in which all of its attorneys have been trained in project management to a high enough level that they can handle the basics of budgeting and planning, with occasional assistance from a project manager. As Dodds says, in those instances the use of LPM is "attorney-driven but expert-supported."
Interestingly, as director of global pricing and LPM, Dodds reports to the firm's Chief Marketing Officer. His 40 project managers are an integral part of the global firm's nearly 400-person-strong marketing staff.
We see ourselves as part of the value proposition for our clients. We are not a cost to the firm. Rather, we contribute to the profitability of the firm.
This type of integration with the marketing department is currently unusual, but may reflect a growing trend. In 2015, we published an article related to this topic in Bloomberg BNA's Corporate Counsel Weekly™ entitled "Why Law Firms Must Change Their Marketing Priorities."
The article started with an account of how Kramer Levin, a firm with over 350 lawyers in New York, Silicon Valley, and Paris, hired Jennifer Manton as its Chief Marketing Officer in 2014 in part because of her experience in using LPM to meet client demands for improved communication and efficiency. One of the first things she did after starting at the firm was to arrange for seven lawyers to complete LegalBizDev's one-to-one LPM coaching. This pilot program led to increased confidence and ability to provide better price estimates, client communications and more. Since then, Kramer Levin has gradually expanded this program with more coaching and other LPM initiatives.
However, our Bloomberg article also noted that
One of the many interesting things about this story is that Manton is a former president of the international Legal Marketing Association (LMA), which in the past reflected the nature of the profession by being associated with a more traditional approach to marketing. Marketing is often defined by the 'Four Ps': price, product, promotion, and place. Historically, law firm marketing departments have been involved almost exclusively in promotion. In today's economic environment, that is a recipe for disaster.
It would be nice to report that since that article was published the approach of legal marketers has changed rapidly, but the phrase "rapid change" is rarely found in articles about law firms.
In fairness, LMA has recognized the importance of these issues by organizing an annual "P3 conference" (focusing on the "three Ps" of pricing, project management and process improvement, all of which are included in our definition of LPM). However, to see how little integration has occurred to date between marketing and LPM, one need look no further than the titles of the speakers at this conference. Of the 69 speakers at the most recent P3 conference, only 10% had titles that included words like marketing, business development or sales.
Nobody has ever said that implementing LPM will be fast or easy. But the firms that are effective today in changing lawyers' behavior, delivering more value, and meeting client needs will be tomorrow's leaders in business development.


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|Hostel facilities are available for Fish Farmers.
Manawan Complex Lahore
|Location: G.T Road, Lahore near Manawan Police Station
Phone: (042) 36522895-96
Available Accomodation: 2 hostels
Available Facilities:
Other facilities like electricity, gas and water are also available.
Sub Training Center Rawalpindi
|Location: Rawal Town, Rawalpindi
Phone: (051) 9255833
Available Accomodation: 1 hostel
Available Facilities:
Other available facilities include electricity, gas and water.
Sub Training Center Bahawalpur
|Location: Karachi Bypass, Bahawalpur
Phone: (062) 9255176
Available Accomodation: 2 hostels
Available Facilities
Both hostels have same facilities.


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|This image and the one above, John Dempcy, Acrylic on panel.
This piece by Kenna Moser is from Recollection: Solo show at Grover Thurston.
On the main floor of Grover Thurston are the charming works of Kenna Moser in her show titled, Recollection. Her delightful mixed media works are small in scale and her imagery congers up enchanted stories of a Lilliputian universe…on display May 5 – 28.
|Darren Waterston, oil on canvas at Greg Kucera.
At Greg Kucera the work of Darren Waterston is featured in a solo show titled, Kingdom. This exhibition features oil paintings, small gouache works on paper and some intriguing sculptural pieces. I am drawn to the intuitive painting style of Waterston's work. I find his art a bit dark but strangely appealing. Show runs April 7 – May 28.
|One of three similar paper works by Justin Lytle at Catherine Person
I was also captivated by this delicate paper sphere piece by Teresa Redden. This is only 2.5 inches in diameter. There are some other shows worth seeing that I did not include in this post so I encourage you to get out and make a few discoveries of your own.
|Another piece by John Dempcy


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Thursday, 28th September 2017
at 10:00am
– Doors open at 9:30am
Ormiston Academies Trust
The Ormiston Academy Trust English Network has been created to facilitate collaborative work between OAT English leaders and departments throughout the country. The fundamental belief behind it, is that working together we can create ideas, resources and initiatives that allow us to provide an outstanding educational experience for our students.
Thursday, September 28th 2017
at 10:00am
Doors open: 9:30am
Ends: 3:00pm
Timezone: Europe/London
Bookings close: September 28th 2017
This event is organized by Ormiston Academies Trust.
Telephone 07791 797 999
Contact the event organizer
Lost or not received your tickets?
© 2018 LIVE IT Group Ltd, Registered in England, number 08432364 at 3 Enterprise Centre, TN11 8BG
LIVE IT is a technology partner providing ticket fulfilment services and is not an agent for this event or affiliated with its organizers in any way.


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In June, we released an update to the Microsoft Intune mobile application management (MAM) capabilities for iOS and Android that enables coexistence of policy-managed (corporate) and unmanaged (personal) accounts in a single app – this new feature is known as multi-identity. Here's a high-level example of how this works:
Many users access both corporate and personal email accounts in the Outlook app for iOS and Android. When a user is accessing data in their corporate account, the IT pro needs to be confident that MAM policy management will be applied and help protect this corporate data. However, when a user is accessing a personal email account that data should be outside of IT's control. Intune achieves this by targeting the management policy to only the corporate account in the application. The multi-identity feature helps solve the data protection problem that organizations are facing with devices and apps that support both personal and work accounts while maintaining the end user's experience and the privacy of his/her personal data.
How this solution works in more detail
When a user installs and signs into an app that supports multi-identity on an Intune-managed device, Intune will check if the new account matches the enrolled, managed account on the device. If the account is managed, and there is also a MAM policy for the app and the user, then the MAM policy settings protect data in that account. When the user adds personal accounts to the app as well, those accounts will exist outside of Intune management and protection. This enables personal use of the application without compromising corporate protection.
Let's look at an example with the OneDrive for iOS app:
The IT administrator for Contoso has deployed OneDrive with a MAM policy requiring encryption of app data, a user entered PIN for app launch, and that copied data can only be pasted to managed apps.
Now as an end user on my iPad, I install the OneDrive app from the Intune Company Portal website. I add both my personal OneDrive account as well my Contoso OneDrive for Business account. Because of the MAM policy:
|Contoso OneDrive for Business
|Personal OneDrive
|Documents in my OneDrive for Business account are encrypted on my iPad.
|Documents in my personal OneDrive account are not encrypted.
|When I attempt to open my OneDrive for Business account, I am prompted to enter my PIN before I can access the data within.
|When I open my personal OneDrive account, I am never prompted for a PIN.
|Data that I copy from files in my OneDrive for Business account can be pasted to my Contoso email account in my managed Outlook app, but this data cannot be pasted into my personal email account or my consumer cloud storage app.
|Data that I copy from files in my personal OneDrive account can be pasted to my personal email account or to my favorite social networking app.
Ultimately, I can be confident that the work I do with my OneDrive for Business account meets the protection standards that my IT administrator has put in place. Additionally, I am still able to use my personal OneDrive account for storing and sharing files with my friends and family, without encountering restrictions on the functionality I love or IT management of my personal data.
Read more about how this works in the Outlook app here.
Additional resources
See the full list of apps that support MAM and apps that also support multi-identity management on TechNet. You can also learn more about managed mobile productivity with EMS in this video. And don't forget to submit product feedback and suggestions to the Intune engineering team on the Intune feedback site.
Arianna Schwartz Moshary, Program Manager


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Sponsored by the Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence
huff paste wrote:Also, is there a way to tell the last time a tournament database entry has been updated?
ScoBo wrote:I do eventually want to integrate team search functionality into the database itself, but in the meantime, is there anything simple I could do to help make your search tool more useful/efficient?
Grams's Go-Go Boots wrote:Anyway you could implement a search for individual players? That might help with eligibility rules, like with Collegiate Novice.
huff paste wrote:I've also implemented searching with OR
Einhard wrote:I'm getting a bad link when I try to click on the NAQT link for stats for individual players.
Public safety diving wrote:It looks like NAQT changed their page format slightly which caused some trouble. It's fixed now.
In other news, we have passed 5,000 tournaments, 100,000 teams, and 300,000 player stats indexed.
cwRsync wrote:The following ACF Fall mirror doesn't appear to be in your database: http://www.hsquizbowl.org/db/tournaments/2335/
Aaron's Rod wrote:I assume you're still working on this, but it keeps timing out for me, just so you're aware.
Big Y wrote:It works if you click on the name of the tournament, but if you click on NAQT, which should go to the team's stats for the tournament, it always goes to https://www.naqt.com/stats/tournament/t ... ?team_id=1, which does not seem to have any information.
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What Are the Therapies for Alcoholism?
- 0.1 The objective of treatment for alcoholism is abstaining. Among problem drinkers with or else healthiness, social support, and inspiration, the chance of recovery excels.
- 0.2 Therapy for alcoholism can start just when the alcoholic accepts that the trouble exists as well as consents to quit drinking. She or he must understand that alcoholism is curable as well as should be inspired to transform. Treatment has 3 stages:
- 0.3 There are a number of medications utilized to assist people in healing from alcoholism maintain abstaining and also sobriety.
- 0.4 Acamprosate is an additional medicine that has been FDA-approved to decrease alcohol food craving.
- 1 Video: Alcohol Help
Approximately 50% to 60% continue to be sober at the end of a year's therapy as well as a majority of those remain dry completely. Those with poor social assistance, inadequate motivation, or psychiatric problems tend to regression within a few years of therapy. For these individuals, success is determined by longer periods of abstinence, lowered use alcohol, better wellness, and improved social functioning.
Traditional Medication for Alcoholism
Therapy for alcoholism can start just when the alcoholic accepts that the trouble exists as well as consents to quit drinking.
She or he must understand that alcoholism is curable as well as should be inspired to transform. Treatment has 3 stages:
1) Detoxification (detox): This could be needed promptly after discontinuing alcohol use and can be a medical emergency, as detoxification can cause withdrawal seizures, hallucinations, ecstasy tremens (DT), as well as in many cases may result in death.
2) Recovery: This involves counseling and also medications to give the recovering alcoholic the skills needed for keeping sobriety. This action in therapy can be done inpatient or outpatient. Both are just as efficient.
3) Maintenance of soberness: This action's success needs an alcoholic to be self-driven. The key to upkeep is support, which frequently includes regular Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) conferences and also obtaining a sponsor.
Due to the fact that cleansing does not quit the yearning for alcohol, healing is usually tough to preserve.
For a person in an onset of alcohol addiction, ceasing alcohol use might result in some withdrawal signs and symptoms, including anxiousness as well as inadequate sleep. Withdrawal from long-lasting dependence may bring the unmanageable trembling, spasms, panic, and hallucinations of DTs. If not dealt with expertly, individuals with DTs have a death price of even more compared to 10%, so detoxification from late-stage alcoholism ought to be attempted under the treatment of an experienced physician and might call for a short inpatient stay at a health center or treatment.
Therapy could entail several drugs. Benzodiazepines are anti-anxiety drugs used to deal with withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety and also inadequate sleep and also to stop seizures as well as ecstasy. These are one of the most regularly used medicines throughout the detoxification phase, at which time they are generally tapered and then stopped. They need to be used with care, because they may be addicting.
There are a number of medications utilized to assist people in healing from alcoholism maintain abstaining and also sobriety.
One drug, disulfiram could be used once the detox stage is complete as well as the individual is sober. It disrupts alcohol metabolic process to ensure that drinking a small amount will certainly cause queasiness, throwing up, blurred vision, confusion, and breathing trouble. This medication is most proper for alcoholics that are very encouraged to stop consuming or whose medication use is managed, due to the fact that the medicine does not impact the motivation to consume alcohol.
One more medication, naltrexone, decreases the yearning for alcohol. Naltrexone could be given also if the individual is still drinking; however, as with all drugs utilized to treat alcoholism, it is recommended as component of an extensive program that shows individuals new dealing skills. It is currently available as a long-acting injection that could be offered on a regular monthly basis.
Acamprosate is an additional medicine that has been FDA-approved to decrease alcohol food craving.
Research suggests that the anti-seizure medications topiramate as well as gabapentin might be of value in lowering food craving or anxiety during healing from alcohol consumption, although neither of these medications is FDA-approved for the treatment of alcoholism.
Antidepressants may be made use of to manage any underlying or resulting anxiousness or clinical depression, however since those symptoms may disappear with abstaining, the medicines are typically not begun up until after detox is full and also there has been some period of abstaining.
Because an alcoholic stays at risk to relapse and potentially coming to be dependent again, the objective of recuperation is overall abstaining. Recovery
usually takes a broad-based approach, which might include education and learning programs, group treatment, family participation, as well as involvement in self-help teams. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the most popular of the self-help groups, however other methods have actually also confirmed effective.
Video: Alcohol Help
Nourishment as well as Diet plan for Alcohol addiction
Poor nourishment chooses hefty alcohol consumption and also alcoholism: Since an ounce of alcohol has greater than 200 calories but no dietary value, consuming huge amounts of alcohol informs the body that it does not require more food. Problem drinkers are often lacking in vitamins A, B facility, and also C; folic acid; carnitine; magnesium, selenium, as well as zinc, along with crucial fatty acids and anti-oxidants. Restoring such nutrients– by offering thiamine (vitamin B-1) as well as a multivitamin– could assist recuperation as well as are a vital part of all detoxification programs.
At-Home Remedies for Alcohol addiction
Abstaining is one of the most essential– and probably the most tough– step to recuperation from alcohol addiction. To discover how to live without alcohol, you should:
Avoid people as well as places that make consuming alcohol the norm, and also locate brand-new, non-drinking pals.
Sign up with a self-help group.
Get the aid of family and friends.
Replace your negative dependence on alcohol with favorable dependencies such as a brand-new pastime or volunteer deal with church or public groups.
Start working out. Workout launches chemicals in the brain that give a "natural high." Also a walk after supper can be tranquilizing.


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Sustainability at Weber State University
As a University we have already made great strides in reducing our greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact, but there is still much more to do. Your participation can help WSU meet its progressive sustainability goals. We can't meet these goals without you! Get recognized, rewarded, increase staff morale and make a positive impact. One way you can reduce your environmental impact is to form an office or department
Green Team!
Get engaged in sustainability courses with your studies by first considering our Sustainability Courses for Fall 2018. Sustainability can be applied everywhere from Accounting to Zoology!
See for Yourself
Contact Us
Sustainability Office


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As you would start searching around about the body armor traditional Scottish kilt, you will be coming into view with so many of the different settings of the hard ballistic plates body armor accessories and types. You need to opt for the one that stands best as by your requirements. Below let's have a look at the primary and essential types of the body armor traditional Scottish kilt with hard ballistic plates! visit this website scottishkiltcollection
Rifle Protection
When you're going to challenge a possibly dangerous situation, it is mandatory to furnished with appropriate body armor. It will guarantee your safety from expected dangers and hazards. These hazards and risks can cause substantial wounds. Many individuals belittle the importance of wearing the proper body armor for a situation they face. High-class zones, where you are probably going to encounter strong attack and high-gauge fire needs extra protection like hard ballistic plates. Delicate body armor does not defend against rifle rounds and shrapnel. Every time, you are in a region where such dangers are going to occur, it is essential that you are wearing incredible body armor. Most organizations or managers sell body armor traditional Scottish kilt for officers or security agents to counter these dangers. Frequently, they reuse vests for drawn-out stretches of time. You must purchase your very own apparatus to guarantee your body armor is in the best condition, and also it fulfills its purpose. The nature of body armor isn't a smart and smooth though. Usually, we suggest assuming danger for your particular protection by getting your protection hardware check out here
Hard Armor Materials
Rifle rounds are operational and practical. A standard Kevlar vest will not offer protection that required against them. It is essential to improve your delicate brilliant body armor with extra good quality ballistic plates to remain safe and protected. Hard ballistic plates are available in two materials: artistic and Dynemma. Clay plates tend to be considerable and awkward for the vast majority. Daily, individuals select them for searching for a significant level of the guard without the need to move around a brilliant deal. Dyneema plates are slightly lighter and give incredible protection and guard. You might need to step aside from the chance to try the two dishes with the goal that you can choose which will be best for you. It might be difficult for the individual with restricted abdominal area quality to wear extra ballistic plates. Moreover, they should just wear when the possibility of risk is definite and specific. It isn't essential to end them when you're not watching. Hard ballistic plates guard the wearer against many dangerous components. Rifle rounds and shrapnel can't enter the plates daily. In the wake of being shot or supporting a high-force hit, it is critical to supplant the plates. It isn't set, so you continue wearing them. Any harm (regardless of whether not explicit) can bargain their honesty and result in fewer defenses. It is essential to be constant about appropriately keeping up the plates if you need to remain as safe as you can be regularly. Hard ballistic plates offer the extra protection. You should be safe in even the most dangerous of circumstances so that they might be important security.


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Start collecting
Fragment bound gimp, probably from a curtain.
Lent by Mrs. Barrett Wendell, November 19, 1936.
Credit Line
Gift of Mrs. Barrett Wendell
American, first half of 18th century
Object Place
United States
34.3 x 34.2 cm (13 1/2 x 13 7/16 in.)
Accession Number
Medium or Technique
Linen plain-weave with wool embroidery and cotton plain-weave tape


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Keywords: Hodgdon
Historical ItemsView All Showing 2 of 43
Item 18458
Reverend and Mrs. E. K. Drew, Hodgdon, c. 1880
Contributed by: Aroostook County Historical and Art Museum Date: circa 1880 Location: Hodgdon Media: Photographic print
Item 12451
Contributed by: Aroostook County Historical and Art Museum Date: circa 1930 Location: Hodgdon Media: Photographic print
Item 21994
Contributed by: Maine State Archives Date: 1847 Location: Augusta; Hodgdon; Bangor Media: Carte de visite
Tax RecordsView All Showing 2 of 20
Item 88192
Hodgdon property, Island Avenue, Long Island, Portland, 1924
Owner in 1924: Charles D. Hodgdon Use: Summer Dwelling
Item 88189
Hodgdon property, Island Avenue, Long Island, Portland, 1924
Owner in 1924: Charles D. Hodgdon Use: Summer Dwelling
Item 43139
The Schooner Bowdoin: Ninety Years of Seagoing History
After traveling to the Arctic with Robert E. Peary, Donald B. MacMillan (1874-1970), an explorer, researcher, and lecturer, helped design his own vessel for Arctic exploration, the schooner Bowdoin, which he named after his alma mater. The schooner remains on the seas.
Scientist, author and explorer Donald B. MacMillan established Wiscasset as his homeport for many of the voyages he made to the Arctic region starting in the early 1920s.
Site PagesView All Showing 2 of 6
Site Page
John Martin: Expert Observer - Intro: pages 30-47
Thomas Sanford Bob Perkins Cyrus S. Clark Judge Hodgdon Alcohol, taverns Amos M. Roberts Hannibal Hamlin Ebenezer Trask Oliver H.
Site Page
Presque Isle: The Star City - Harvesting Potatoes - Page 6 of 13
… THEN INTO THE BARREL Softwood potato barrel, Hodgdon, ca. 1950Item Contributed bySouthern Aroostook Agricultural Museum Potato picker's…
Site Page
Scarborough: They Called It Owascoag - Scarborough Marsh: "Land of Much Grass" - Page 4 of 4
21. No. 4. Spring, 1982 Hodgdon, Frank. "Scarborough the Way It Was." The Current, 18 November 2004 Karr, Paul, and Jeff Clark.


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UNCOMMON GRACE: THE LIFE OF FLANNERY O'CONNOR 63 minutes
Insightful biography of Flannery O'Connor, one of America's most powerful storytellers
GroundSwell Pictures is a 501(c)(3) with a mission of engaging and inspiring diverse communities by producing films, showing films, teaching filmmaking and supporting films that make a positive difference. Through GroundSwell Pictures, we will produce films about significant social issues, showing movies to the public through MoonShadow Film Society, teach filmmaking to young people through Shooting Stars Film Camp, support filmmakers and to enrich the community through cultural arts through Indigo Moon Film Festival.
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DC Men's Bridge Skate Shoe
Bridge shoe from DC Shoes. Special features include & canvas upper, embroidered DC logo, metal eyelet, Vulcanized construction, -resistant sticky rubber outsole and a composition of Upper: Leather / Lining: Textile / Outsole: Rubber.
- Cool and classic, this skateboarding sneaker from DC offers comfort, durability, and style for everyday wear.
List Price: $ 60.00
Check out the Best Nike SB Skate Shoes of 2015 Here
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Social skills enable a person to interact and communicate with peers in meaningful and appropriate ways. Our Learning Caring Leadership (LCL) social skills development groups help participants develop and apply skills necessary for positive social interaction.
Each session follows a structured routine for LEARNING providing predictability and stability. Specific skills are taught, practiced and reinforced through group projects and "homework" activities. The homework aspect provides participants the opportunity to practice the skills they learn in-group in their community and share their results with family and peers.
Our social skills program creates an environment of acceptance, tolerance, and CARING. Activities focus on identifying aspects of a compassionate community. When we teach kids to recognize emotions in themselves and others they develop caring and empathy skills, which will make their immediate world, and the greater world a better place for all.
Our LCL program fosters the LEADERSHIP within each participant through positive interaction and group cooperation. Specific activities are chosen to promote self-confidence, positive peer relationships, and to provide "tools in the tool box" to deal with challenging situations including successful communication skills. Participants and their families are partners in curriculum planning.


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Acclaimed Pinoy painter Lauro Memije creates new packaging for Pan de Manila
In a press release, Pan de Manila reveals that they've tapped painter Lauro "Larry" Memije to create new packaging for them. Memije explianed, "We had this concept of a Pan de Manila store with people, but in an old house similar to those in Vigan, with one side featuring the pugon, or the old-style oven made of bricks." Memije is known for painting "old houses."
Memije likewise revealed that he based some of the details of his work on one of Pan de Manila's branches along Osmena, South Superhighway.
In the past, Pan de Manila's packaging has featured the works of painter Dante Hipolito, digital illustrator Joel Chua, and designer Rina Albert-Llamas.
Source: spot.ph
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How much is maverick spending costing your organization? Depending on categories you're responsible for, the answer might be more than you think.
According to The Hackett Group, companies in many sectors are losing out on targeted or negotiated cost savings because buyers aren't accessing contracted rates from preferred suppliers.
The issue is particularly prevalent among indirect spending categories. The percentage of maverick spend is highest—18 percent—in the sales and marketing support category. That's followed by administrative and business services (14 percent), travel and entertainment (13 percent), human resource services (12 percent), capital equipment/facilities operations (11 percent), general equipment and supplies (10 percent) and IT and telecommunications (eight percent).
"The lost profits from maverick spending are far from trivial," the Hackett report reads. "At 12 percent maverick spending on five percent annual savings, the resultant 0.6 percent of annual spend is roughly the amount that is spent to run an entire world-class procurement organization!"
Other problems
According to Hackett, high levels of maverick spending tend to indicate other bad practices are in place, including procurement policy violations and poor spend visibility.
Measuring maverick spend is the best defence. This can be done with detailed spend and contract visibility.
It also helps to be able to locate and address the root causes of non-compliance, including:
• Weak stakeholder buy-in and poor policy definition/enforcement;
• A bad connection between sourcing and procure-to-pay; and
• The inability to help requisitioners easily find preferred supply sources and associated buy/pay processes.
Hackett identifies the last point as especially important, because it "encourages a mindset shift from viewing maverick spending as an act of malfeasance (which it usually isn't) to a continuous improvement opportunity."


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Call Us: 331-248-0531 Email Us: email@example.com
Contact Information
322 West State Street, Suite 104
Geneva, IL 60134
Call: 331-248-0531
Store Hours
Monday 10am-6pm Tuesday 10am-6pm Wednesday 10am-6pm
Thursday 10am-7pm Friday 10am-6pm Saturday 10am-5pm Sunday Closed
We carry many styles in the following Pointe shoe brands:
Please call to schedule a pointe shoe fitting 331-248-0531
or use the following link:
With years of experience, we pride ourselves in our pointe shoe fittings and our process to ensure the best fit.
Pointe shoe fitting appointments are always recommended. First time pointe students must schedule an appointment. We will accept walk-ins pending availability of staff, we cannot guarantee walk-in appointments.
To have the most successful fitting please remember:


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Techmambo is a weblog dedicated to profiling and reviewing new Online and Offline products, services and companies.In addition to this, we also profile existing companies that are working hard to make gadgets/services more usable for the rest of us. Techmambo is edited by Gerald Shuma.
Tuesday, June 26, 2007
Auctionpay : helps nonprofits to automate event fundraising
Auctionpay is dedicated to helping nonprofits automate and improve benefit event fundraising. Auctionpay's solutions help local, regional and national nonprofit organizations and schools create better donor experiences, while saving organizations time and money.
Auctionpay offers a complete event fundraising solution that includes event management software, an online registration and donation service, and on-site payment processing the day of the event. Products and services are available separately or as an integrated solution.
at 7:29:00 AM
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(Dave's Note: Well, it seems rather late in the game to start up a blog but Lee Anne wanted very much to have some of her letters and emails posted in one location, so here goes...we'll start with her first email shortly after she became aware of her cancer...)
As some of you might already know, I have been experiencing some heath problems of late. I'm not sure were to start, so I'll just begin with what I think is the beginning.
I saw the doctor about a month ago for what we thought was a torn muscle of the scapula. I had a cough that started at the same time, which I didn't think much of. I was given percocet to manage the pain, which also suppressed the cough. As I began to go off the percocet the cough returned, along with some blood. When Dave saw how much blood, he put me in the car and took me to the ER the evening of July 20th.
They did x-rays and a CT scan, where they found something in my right lung. This led to an appointment with a Pulmonologist and a lung biopsy. The biopsy results confirmed lung cancer. So we were off to the oncologist who ordered a brain MRI and a PET scan to determine the extent of the cancer and what stage the cancer is in.
I have stage 4 lung cancer. There is involvement in the left adrenal gland and one of the vertebrae in my lower back, the L2. This makes my cancer inoperable and incurable. The chemotherapy is starting on August 6th and is done as an outpatient treatment, one day every three weeks, for a total of four treatments, each lasting five to six hours. I will be receiving two different types of chemo, the first being Taxol and the second one is Carboplatin. My spelling may be off, so please forgive me if I am. If I respond positively to the chemo, there is the possibility that they will do radiation down the line. After which my life expectancy is six months to a year on the average, although my oncologist has seen patients live three to four years.
These are just statistics, and they only have meaning when applied to a large number of people. They mean nothing to me. The important thing here is that I have lessons to learn and lesson to share. I have the most wonderful opportunity to teach my children, in the most profound way possible that each day is a gift. If we can really reach out, each day, and gracefully accept the gift we have been given and with an open and grateful heart, help as many people as we can with the time that we have been given, then life has meaning. I want mine to be about true power and not force. I want that warm, all encompassing love that shines in the smile of a newborn child to be felt by every person I smile at. I want my children to truly understand that happiness in an inside job and not something that other people make you feel.
So, here is the deal my friends. I am not going to have the attitude of 'I'm going to fight this thing.' That implies that someone wins and someone loses. I am going to win, no matter how you look at it. I have the best team of doctors that my wonderful husband is putting together for me. I have God, Karma, the Universe and the Great Divine Feminine on my side. They are my army of warriors with all of the weapons. They will worry and fight for me. We, my team and I, are going to manage my pain so that I can live each and everyday to it's fullest and enjoy the best that each day has to offer. I am going to live through this adventure. And I invite each and every one of you to join me each day as we rise above this and make the most of each day.
I am not going to refer to the masses as cancer or tumors or any other scary name. Since the masses in my lung are the same size, I have named them Castor and Pollux - The Gemini Twins. This carries with it the added bonus that Castor and Pollux were the bad guys in the movie Face/Off and they both died at the end of the movie. My apologies to all of you Gemini out there.
There is no room for anger or sadness here. When my father was dying of cancer, I asked him if he was angry. He held my hands and said, "Sweetheart, God chose this for me. How could I ever be angry at anything God chose for me?' Well, Castor and Pollux were chosen for me and there are great gifts here. I am going to meet each day with dignity and grace and a grateful heart. I choose Life.
I would ask that you pray, meditate, dance under the stars, whatever it is that you choose to do to connect with God/Goddess/All that Is, and ask for whatever your heart leads you to. I will be praying for the strength to meet this with humor and grace. I own this, it is mine and I am grateful for the adventure that is about to begin.
I promise to give each of you the best of who I am each day although my best will vary. I will keep all of updated as we progress on our adventure. Some of this is going to get boring and repetitive for me and I don't want to bore you, so if you haven't heard from me, or you just wonder what is going on, please feel free to call or email. My address and phone numbers are listed below. I love all of you more than you could ever know. I know that I can do this because I am not alone and I am loved.
209 Sherry Court
San Jose, CA 95119
Friday, November 14, 2008
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Phuket travel and tour is your online resource to find some of Phuket's best tours and excursions at the best prices.The unparalleled beauty and excitement of the 'Pearl of the South' are at your fingertips and the holiday of your dreams is just a mouse click away. You can try snorkelling and scuba diving above beautiful coral reefs or explore the islands on kayak or cruises.You can even hop on an elephant and trek through the jungle.Whatever your dream holiday may be, we can make it a reality.This former fishing village has evolved into a town with a wide range of entertainment. Check out Stephan Audiger's photos of the excursions we sell on for an enticing preview of what you'll discover during your tour – it's the next best thing to being there.
Experience all the enjoyment of these idyllic tropical waters. Kayaking Phang Nga Bay, where some of the most spectacular sites for paddlers can be found.
Here is a selection of programmes which offer a high standard of service and excellent value for money. If you're looking for bright lights, crowds and pounding music on all sides, then head for Patong Beach.
We use our extensive experience to bring you only the finest Phuket tours and trips.
The islands consist of 2 small islands: Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh.
Ferry ports and hotels can be found on the first, while the latter is uninhabited.


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Remembrance Day
On 10 November 1918, thousands of Australians, men of the First and Fourth Divisions, First Australian Imperial Force, were plodding wearily along the roads near Le Cateau, France. They were to relieve the British 32nd and 66th Divisions in the front line. Two months previously, these same Australians had fought their way across the Somme in some of the most fierce battles of the war. They did not, however, go into action again.
At 11.00 am on 11 November 1918 the guns fell silent as hostilities ceased on the Western Front, ending four years of death and destruction. Earlier that day, at 5.00 am, the Germans signed an armistice in a railway carriage at Compiègne. In the following year the Treaty of Versailles made the cease-fire permanent.
People celebrated across the world. Others reflected with great sadness the extraordinary losses and suffering from many nations. More than 60,000 Australians had been killed. More than 45,000 died on the Western Front in France and Belgium and over 8,000 on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey. Over 416,000 Australians volunteered for service in World War I, of which 324,000 served overseas.
In Australia and in those countries with whom Australia was allied between 1914 and 1918, 11 November subsequently became known as Armistice Day. It was a day on which to remember those who died in the Great War.
After the end of World War II, the Australian and British governments changed the name to Remembrance Day. Armistice Day was no longer an appropriate title for a day which would commemorate all war dead.
In October 1997, the Governor-General issued a proclamation declaring 11 November as Remembrance Day and urging Australians to observe one minute`s silence at 11.00 am on Remembrance Day each year to remember the sacrifice of those who died or otherwise suffered in Australia's cause in wars and war-like conflicts.
The proclamation reinforced the importance the Government places on Remembrance Day and encouraged all Australians to renew their observation of the event.
Remembrance Day - Australian War Memorial
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text: Home » News » PS3 has date problems PS3 has date problems Stuart Davidson March 2, 2010 News Sony has suffered a dramatic and embarrassing network issue with its firmware for the Playstation 3. Since March 1st some Playstation 3 owners with older machines have had their data corrupted and have had a problem with connecting online due to, in theory, an error in the way the Playstation 3 was programmed to handle the date February 28 2010. The error is described as "Error code 8001050F" and affects older machines including the 40GB models. Sony has promised a fix soon but none have been forthcoming so far. Sony at first recommended users not to power on their Playstation 3's, the problem did not affect Playstation 3 Slim owners. "We are aware that the internal clock functionality in the PS3 units other than the slim model, recognized the year 2010 as a leap year," explained Sony spokesperson Patrick Seybol. The fix is pretty simple, set the correct date manually or over the internet using XMB. Share On


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Home > BSPHS > Vol. 35 (2011) > Iss. 1
Article Title
Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: The Infanta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II
Portraits of children at the Spanish Court during the seventeenth century clearly reflect the various stages of their education and upbringing quite significantly. However, visual signs indicating the development and changing status of the child portrayed have to be identified and analyzed if the full meaning of these portraits is to be understood. In the present article, the educational treatises of the period are explored for the light they throw on concepts that were then current in relation to children's development. Royal children´s portraits will be shown to reflect the education they received and the various stages through which they passed. First, however, it is necessary to explain how children were thought to move from infancy to childhood (puericia) and acquire the especially important "use of reason".
Recommended Citation
Llorente, Mercedes
"Portraits of Children at the Spanish Court in the Seventeenth Century: The Infanta Margarita and the Young King Carlos II,"
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: Vol. 35
, Article 3.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.asphs.net/bsphs/vol35/iss1/3


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SOURCE: Battery Ventures; Glassdoor
October 13, 2016 09:15 ET
Ultimate Software, Instructure, HubSpot Take Top Spots; Cloud Computing Companies Growing Globally
Ultimate Software, Instructure, HubSpot Take Top Spots; Cloud Computing Companies Growing Globally
BOSTON, MA and MILL VALLEY, CA--(Marketwired - Oct 13, 2016) - Battery Ventures, a global investment firm that backs cloud companies, and Glassdoor*, the world's most transparent jobs and recruiting marketplace, have partnered to reveal the 25 Highest Rated Public Cloud Computing Companies To Work For. The roundup of public companies builds on a similar, previous list of privately held cloud companies released by Battery and Glassdoor in August.
The new list highlights 25 larger, publicly traded companies -- all focused on "business-to-business" cloud computing -- where employees report the highest levels of satisfaction at work, according to employee feedback shared on Glassdoor. The top five highest-rated companies were Ultimate Software; Instructure; HubSpot; Zendesk; and Guidewire.
Cloud technologies continue to transform traditional business services by lowering costs, improving usability and speeding the secure delivery of key software and IT infrastructure. The highest-ranked public companies on the newest Battery/Glassdoor list deliver a broad range of services, from marketing-automation tools, to technology for chief financial officers, to human resources and IT-operations support. The report also includes data on whether employees approve, or disapprove of their companies' CEOs and gauges their view on how their company's business will perform in the next six months (though these additional data points did not impact the overall company ratings or rankings).
"Cloud-computing companies are rapidly becoming some of the largest, fastest growing technology companies in the world-and not all of them, like Ultimate Software and Instructure, are household names," said Neeraj Agrawal, a Battery general partner who specializes in cloud and "software as a service" (SaaS) investing. "As savvy job seekers try to tap into this new ecosystem, they appreciate information about which cloud companies are the most well-regarded by employees. This transparency is critically important for people making one of the largest decisions in their lives-where to work." Agrawal also serves on the board of Glassdoor.
Ultimately, "happy employees lead to happy customers," Agrawal added, and drive revenue and profits.
For reporting simplicity, the company ratings below are rounded to the nearest tenth of a point, though actual calculations extend beyond the thousandth to determine rank. The ratings are based on a five-point scale, with 1.0 denoting "very dissatisfied", 3.0 indicating "OK" and 5.0 signaling "very satisfied."
The 25 Highest Rated Public Cloud Computing Companies To Work For are:
Note: Demandware, ranked No. 7, has been acquired by Salesforce since this data was first collected, and No. 21 NetSuite has agreed to be acquired by Oracle.
Employees at these highly rated companies commonly mention in online reviews that they enjoy working for mission-driven companies with strong and unique company cultures; employers that promote transparency; and companies with experienced senior leaders who regularly and clearly communicate with employees. For instance, some employees at #1 ranked Ultimate Software shared:
"Amazing Culture! Appreciated and cared for every day, not just during awards ceremonies. Great Salary, Benefits, Co-Workers, Customers / Ultimate Software is the total package." - Ultimate Software Systems Architect (Louisville, KY)
"Positive people-first culture. Fun place to work. Great benefits. Free food almost daily. Company is currently (as of 2016) in a financial boom." - Ultimate Software Employee (Weston, FL)
Glassdoor currently holds millions of workplace reviews, ratings and insights shared by employees anonymously on approximately 580,000 companies around the world. Currently, the average company rating on Glassdoor is 3.31. When an employee submits a company review on Glassdoor, he or she is asked to give their opinion on some of the best reasons to work for their employer (pros), any downsides (cons), and is encouraged to provide advice to management. Employees are also asked to rate how satisfied they are with their employer overall, among several other workplace attributes employees can rate and review.
Methodology: This report identifies public cloud computing companies that are highest rated on Glassdoor, based on company ratings shared by employees. To be considered, a public cloud company must have received at least 30 company reviews on Glassdoor as of 8/2/16. The report tracks public cloud companies with a B2B business model that have at least $500 million in total enterprise value as of July 1, 2016. A company's CEO approval rating and positive business outlook rating -- indicating the percentage of employees who believe their employer's business will get better in the next six months -- was not taken into account to determine rank or overall company rating, though we display these added data points for additional insight and perspective into each of these companies.
*By a company name, denotes a Battery investment. For a full list of all Battery investments and exits, please click here. No part of this release should be considered investment advice or any recommendation or solicitation to buy our sell any security.
**Next to CEO approval rating denotes the data is based on less than 30 ratings.
About Battery Ventures
Battery strives to invest in cutting-edge, category-defining businesses in markets including software and services, Web infrastructure, consumer Internet, mobile and industrial technologies. Founded in 1983, the firm backs companies at stages ranging from seed to private equity and invests globally from offices in Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area and Israel. Follow the firm on Twitter @BatteryVentures, visit our website at www.battery.com and find a full list of Battery's portfolio companies here.
About Glassdoor
Glassdoor is the most transparent jobs and recruiting marketplace that is changing how people search for jobs and how companies recruit top talent. Glassdoor combines free and anonymous company reviews, ratings and salary reports with job listings to help job seekers find the best jobs and address critical questions that come up during the job search, application, interview and negotiation phases of employment. For employers, Glassdoor offers job posting, recruiting and employer branding solutions to help attract high-quality candidates at a fraction of the cost of other channels. In addition, Glassdoor operates one of the most popular job apps on iOS and Android platforms. Launched in 2008, Glassdoor has raised approximately $200 million from Google Capital, Tiger Global, Benchmark, Battery Ventures, Sutter Hill Ventures, DAG Ventures, Dragoneer Investment Group, funds and accounts advised by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and others.
(c) 2016 Glassdoor, Inc. Glassdoor is a registered trademark of Glassdoor, Inc.
1 Glassdoor Internal Data, July 2016
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