text:
The International Conference for the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, convened by WHO, met in Geneva from 30 September to 6 October 1975. In the discussions leading up to the conference, it had originally been intended that there should be little change other than updating of the classification. This was mainly because of the expense of adapting data processing systems each time the classification was revised.
There had been an enormous growth of interest in the ICD and ways had to be found of responding to this, partly by modifying the classification itself and partly by introducing special coding provisions. A number of representations was made by specialist bodies which had become interested in using the ICD for their own statistics. Some subject areas in the classification were regarded as inappropriately arranged and there was considerable pressure for more detail and for adaptation of the classification to make it more relevant for the evaluation of medical care, by classifying conditions to the chapters concerned with the part of the body affected rather than to those dealing with the underlying generalized disease.
At the other end of the scale, there were representations from countries and areas where a detailed and sophisticated classification was irrelevant, but which nevertheless needed a classification based on the ICD in order to assess their progress in health care and in the control of disease. A field test with a bi-axial classification approach - one axis for anatomy, another for etiology - showed the impracticability of such approach for routine use.
The final proposals presented to and accepted by the Conference retained the basic structure of the ICD, although with much additional detail at the level of the four digit subcategories, and some optional five digit subdivisions. For the benefit of users not requiring such detail, care was taken to ensure that the categories at the three digit level were appropriate.
For the benefit of users wishing to produce statistics and indexes oriented towards medical care, the Ninth Revision included an optional alternative method of classifying diagnostic statements, including information about both an underlying general disease and a manifestation in a particular organ or site. This system became known as the dagger and asterisk system and is retained in the Tenth Revision. A number of other technical innovations were included in the Ninth Revision, aimed at increasing its flexibility for use in a variety of situations.
It was eventually replaced by ICD-10, the version currently in use by the WHO and most countries. Given the widespread expansion in the tenth revision, it is not possible to convert ICD-9 data sets directly into ICD-10 data sets, although some tools are available to help guide users[1].
Publication of ICD-9 without IP restrictions in a world with evolving electronic data systems led to a range of products based on ICD-9, such as MeDRA or the Read directory.
List of 3-digit codes[edit]
(Note: "302 Sexual deviations and disorders" which included homosexuality at the time of publication in 1978 was removed by the World Health Organization in 1990.)
(001-009) Intestinal infectious diseases
001 Cholera
002 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
003 Other Salmonella infections
004 Shigellosis
005 Other food poisoning (bacterial)
006 Amoebiasis
007 Other protozoal intestinal diseases
008 Intestinal infections due to other organisms
009 Ill-defined intestinal infections
(010-018) Tuberculosis
010 Primary tuberculous infection
011 Pulmonary tuberculosis
012 Other respiratory tuberculosis
013 Tuberculosis of meninges and central nervous system
014 Tuberculosis of intestines, peritoneum and mesenteric glands
015 Tuberculosis of bones and joints
016 Tuberculosis of genito-urinary system
017 Tuberculosis of other organs
018 Miliary tuberculosis
(020-027) Zoonotic bacterial diseases
020 Plague
021 Tularaemia
022 Anthrax
023 Brucellosis
024 Glanders
025 Melioidosis
026 Rat-bite fever
027 Other zoonotic bacterial diseases
(030-041) Other bacterial diseases
030 Leprosy
031 Diseases due to other mycobacteria
032 Diphtheria
033 Whooping cough
034 Streptococcal sore throat and scarlatina
035 Erysipelas
036 Meningococcal infection
037 Tetanus
038 Septicaemia
039 Actinomycotic infections
040 Other bacterial diseases
041 Bacterial infection in conditions classified elsewhere and of unspecified site
(042-042) Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection
042 Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease
(045-049) Poliomyelitis and other non-arthropod-borne viral diseases of central nervous system
045 Acute poliomyelitis
046 Slow virus infection of central nervous system
047 Meningitis due to enterovirus
048 Other enterovirus diseases of central nervous system
049 Other non-arthropod-borne viral diseases of central nervous system
(050-057) Viral diseases accompanied by exanthem
050 Smallpox
051 Cowpox and paravaccinia
052 Chickenpox
053 Herpes zoster
054 Herpes simplex
055 Measles
056 Rubella
057 Other viral exanthemata
(060-066) Arthropod-borne viral diseases
060 Yellow fever
061 Dengue
062 Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis
063 Tick-borne viral encephalitis
064 Viral encephalitis transmitted by other and unspecified arthropods
065 Arthropod-borne haemorrhagic fever
066 Other arthropod-borne viral diseases
(070-079) Other diseases due to viruses and Chlamydiae
070 Viral hepatitis
071 Rabies
072 Mumps
073 Ornithosis
074 Specific diseases due to Coxsackie virus
075 Infectious mononucleosis
076 Trachoma
077 Other diseases of conjunctiva due to viruses and Chlamydiae
078 Other diseases due to viruses and Chlamydiae
079 Viral and chlamydial infection in conditions classified elsewhere and of unspecified site
(080-088) Rickettsioses and other arthropod-borne diseases
080 Louse-borne [epidemic] typhus
081 Other typhus
082 Tick-borne rickettsioses
083 Other rickettsioses
084 Malaria
085 Leishmaniasis
086 Trypanosomiasis
087 Relapsing fever
088 Other arthropod-borne diseases
(090-099) Syphilis and other venereal diseases
090 Congenital syphilis
091 Early syphilis, symptomatic
092 Early syphilis, latent
093 Cardiovascular syphilis
094 Neurosyphilis
095 Other forms of late syphilis, with symptoms
096 Late syphilis, latent
097 Other and unspecified syphilis
098 Gonococcal infections
099 Other venereal diseases
(100-104) Other spirochaetal diseases
100 Leptospirosis
101 Vincent's angina
102 Yaws
103 Pinta
104 Other spirochaetal infection
(110-118) Mycoses
110 Dermatophytosis
111 Dermatomycosis, other and unspecified
112 Candidiasis
113 Actinomycosis
114 Coccidioidomycosis
115 Histoplasmosis
116 Blastomycotic infection
117 Other mycoses
118 Opportunistic mycoses
(120-129) Helminthiases
120 Schistosomiasis [bilharziasis]
121 Other trematode infections
122 Echinococcosis
123 Other cestode infection
124 Trichinosis
125 Filarial infection and dracontiasis
126 Ankylostomiasis and necatoriasis
127 Other intestinal helminthiases
128 Other and unspecified helminthiases
129 Intestinal parasitism, unspecified
(130-136) Other infectious and parasitic diseases
130 Toxoplasmosis
131 Trichomoniasis
132 Pediculosis and phthirus infestation
133 Acariasis
134 Other infestation
135 Sarcoidosis
136 Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases
(137-139) Late effects of infectious and parasitic diseases
137 Late effects of tuberculosis
138 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis
139 Late effects of other infectious and parasitic diseases
(140-149) Malignant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx
140 Malignant neoplasm of lip
141 Malignant neoplasm of tongue
142 Malignant neoplasm of major salivary glands
143 Malignant neoplasm of gum
144 Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth
145 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of mouth
146 Malignant neoplasm of oropharynx
147 Malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx
148 Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx
149 Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites within the lip, oral cavity and pharynx
(150-159) Malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum
150 Malignant neoplasm of oesophagus
151 Malignant neoplasm of stomach
152 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine, including duodenum
153 Malignant neoplasm of colon
154 Malignant neoplasm of rectum, rectosigmoid junction and anus
155 Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts
156 Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
157 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas
158 Malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum and peritoneum
159 Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites within the digestive organs and peritoneum
(160-165) Malignant neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs
160 Malignant neoplasm of nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses
161 Malignant neoplasm of larynx
162 Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung
163 Malignant neoplasm of pleura
164 Malignant neoplasm of thymus, heart and mediastinum
165 Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites within the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs
(170-176) Malignant neoplasm of bone, connective tissue, skin and breast
170 Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage
171 Malignant neoplasm of connective and other soft tissue
172 Malignant melanoma of skin
173 Other malignant neoplasm of skin
174 Malignant neoplasm of female breast
175 Malignant neoplasm of male breast
176 Kaposi's sarcoma
(179-189) Malignant neoplasm of genito-urinary organs
179 Malignant neoplasm of uterus, part unspecified
180 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri
181 Malignant neoplasm of placenta
182 Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus
183 Malignant neoplasm of ovary and other uterine adnexa
184 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital organs
185 Malignant neoplasm of prostate
186 Malignant neoplasm of testis
187 Malignant neoplasm of penis and other male genital organs
188 Malignant neoplasm of bladder
189 Malignant neoplasm of kidney and other and unspecified urinary organs
(190-199) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites
190 Malignant neoplasm of eye
191 Malignant neoplasm of brain
192 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of nervous system
193 Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland
194 Malignant neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures
195 Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites
196 Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes
197 Secondary malignant neoplasm of respiratory and digestive systems
198 Secondary malignant neoplasm of other specified sites
199 Malignant neoplasm without specification of site
(200-208) Malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue
200 Lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma
201 Hodgkin's disease
202 Other malignant neoplasm of lymphoid and histiocytic tissue
203 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative neoplasms
204 Lymphoid leukaemia
205 Myeloid leukaemia
206 Monocytic leukaemia
207 Other specified leukaemia
208 Leukaemia of unspecified cell type
(210-229) Benign neoplasms
210 Benign neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx
211 Benign neoplasm of other parts of digestive system
212 Benign neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs
213 Benign neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage
214 Lipoma
215 Other benign neoplasm of connective and other soft tissue
216 Benign neoplasm of skin
217 Benign neoplasm of breast
218 Uterine leiomyoma
219 Other benign neoplasm of uterus
220 Benign neoplasm of ovary
221 Benign neoplasm of other female genital organs
222 Benign neoplasm of male genital organs
223 Benign neoplasm of kidney and other urinary organs
224 Benign neoplasm of eye
225 Benign neoplasm of brain and other parts of nervous system
226 Benign neoplasm of thyroid gland
227 Benign neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures
228 Haemangioma and lymphangioma, any site
229 Benign neoplasm of other and unspecified sites
(230-234) Carcinoma in situ
230 Carcinoma in situ of digestive organs
231 Carcinoma in situ of respiratory system
232 Carcinoma in situ of skin
233 Carcinoma in situ of breast and genito-urinary system
234 Carcinoma in situ of other and unspecified sites
(235-238) Neoplasms of uncertain behaviour
235 Neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of digestive and respiratory systems
236 Neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of genito-urinary organs
237 Neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of endocrine glands and nervous system
238 Neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of other and unspecified sites and tissues
(239-239) Neoplasms of unspecified nature
239 Neoplasm of unspecified nature
(240-246) Disorders of thyroid gland
240 Simple and unspecified goitre
241 Non-toxic nodular goitre
242 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goitre
243 Congenital hypothyroidism
244 Acquired hypothyroidism
245 Thyroiditis
246 Other disorders of thyroid
(250-259) Diseases of other endocrine glands
250 Diabetes mellitus
251 Other disorders of pancreatic internal secretion
252 Disorders of parathyroid gland
253 Disorders of the pituitary gland and its hypothalamic control
254 Diseases of thymus gland
255 Disorders of adrenal glands
256 Ovarian dysfunction
257 Testicular dysfunction
258 Polyglandular dysfunction and related disorders
259 Other endocrine disorders
(260-269) Nutritional deficiencies
260 Kwashiorkor
261 Nutritional marasmus
262 Other severe protein-calorie malnutrition
263 Other and unspecified protein-calorie malnutrition
264 Vitamin A deficiency
265 Thiamine and niacin deficiency states
266 Deficiency of B-complex components
267 Ascorbic acid deficiency
268 Vitamin D deficiency
269 Other nutritional deficiencies
(270-279) Other metabolic disorders and immunity disorders
270 Disorders of amino-acid transport and metabolism
271 Disorders of carbohydrate transport and metabolism
272 Disorders of lipoid metabolism
273 Disorders of plasma protein metabolism
274 Gout
275 Disorders of mineral metabolism
276 Disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
277 Other and unspecified disorders of metabolism
278 Obesity and other hyperalimentation
279 Disorders involving the immune mechanism
(280-289) Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs
280 Iron deficiency anaemias
281 Other deficiency anaemias
282 Hereditary haemolytic anaemias
283 Acquired haemolytic anaemias
284 Aplastic anaemia
285 Other and unspecified anaemias
286 Coagulation defects
287 Purpura and other haemorrhagic conditions
288 Diseases of white blood cells
289 Other diseases of blood and blood-forming organs
(290-294) Organic psychotic conditions
290 Senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions
291 Alcoholic psychoses
292 Drug psychoses
293 Transient organic psychotic conditions
294 Other organic psychotic conditions (chronic)
(295-299) Other psychoses
295 Schizophrenic psychoses
296 Affective psychoses
297 Paranoid states
298 Other nonorganic psychoses
299 Psychoses with origin specific to childhood
(300-316) Neurotic disorders, personality disorders and other nonpsychotic mental disorders
300 Neurotic disorders
301 Personality disorders
302 Sexual deviations and disorders
303 Alcohol dependence syndrome
304 Drug dependence
305 Nondependent abuse of drugs
306 Physiological malfunction arising from mental factors
307 Special symptoms or syndromes not elsewhere classified
308 Acute reaction to stress
309 Adjustment reaction
310 Specific nonpsychotic mental disorders following organic brain damage
311 Depressive disorder, not elsewhere classified
312 Disturbance of conduct not elsewhere classified
313 Disturbance of emotions specific to childhood and adolescence
314 Hyperkinetic syndrome of childhood
315 Specific delays in development
316 Psychic factors associated with diseases classified elsewhere
(317-319) Mental retardation
317 Mild mental retardation
318 Other specified mental retardation
319 Unspecified mental retardation
(320-326) Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system
320 Bacterial meningitis
321 Meningitis due to other organisms
322 Meningitis of unspecified cause
323 Encephalitis, myelitis and encephalomyelitis
324 Intracranial and intraspinal abscess
325 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of intracranial venous sinuses
326 Late effects of intracranial abscess or pyogenic infection
(330-337) Hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system
330 Cerebral degenerations usually manifest in childhood
331 Other cerebral degenerations
332 Parkinson's disease
333 Other extrapyramidal disease and abnormal movement disorders
334 Spinocerebellar disease
335 Anterior horn cell disease
336 Other diseases of spinal cord
337 Disorders of the autonomic nervous system
(340-349) Other disorders of the central nervous system
340 Multiple sclerosis
341 Other demyelinating diseases of central nervous system
342 Hemiplegia
343 Infantile cerebral palsy
344 Other paralytic syndromes
345 Epilepsy
346 Migraine
347 Cataplexy and narcolepsy
348 Other conditions of brain
349 Other and unspecified disorders of the nervous system
(350-359) Disorders of the peripheral nervous system
350 Trigeminal nerve disorders
351 Facial nerve disorders
352 Disorders of other cranial nerves
353 Nerve root and plexus disorders
354 Mononeuritis of upper limb and mononeuritis multiplex
355 Mononeuritis of lower limb
356 Hereditary and idiopathic peripheral neuropathy
357 Inflammatory and toxic neuropathy
358 Myoneural disorders
359 Muscular dystrophies and other myopathies
(360-379) Disorders of the eye and adnexa
360 Disorders of the globe
361 Retinal detachments and defects
362 Other retinal disorders
363 Chorioretinal inflammations and scars and other disorders of choroid
364 Disorders of iris and ciliary body
365 Glaucoma
366 Cataract
367 Disorders of refraction and accommodation
368 Visual disturbances
369 Blindness and low vision
370 Keratitis
371 Corneal opacity and other disorders of cornea
372 Disorders of conjunctiva
373 Inflammation of eyelids
374 Other disorders of eyelids
375 Disorders of lachrymal system
376 Disorders of the orbit
377 Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways
378 Strabismus and other disorders of binocular eye movements
379 Other disorders of eye
(380-389) Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
380 Disorders of external ear
381 Nonsuppurative otitis media and Eustachian tube disorders
382 Suppurative and unspecified otitis media
383 Mastoiditis and related conditions
384 Other disorders of tympanic membrane
385 Other disorders of middle ear and mastoid
386 Vertiginous syndromes and other disorders of vestibular system
387 Otosclerosis
388 Other disorders of ear
389 Deafness
(390-392) Acute rheumatic fever
390 Rheumatic fever without mention of heart involvement
391 Rheumatic fever with heart involvement
392 Rheumatic chorea
(393-398) Chronic rheumatic heart disease
393 Chronic rheumatic pericarditis
394 Diseases of mitral valve
395 Diseases of aortic valve
396 Diseases of mitral and aortic valves
397 Diseases of other endocardial structures
398 Other rheumatic heart disease
(401-405) Hypertensive disease
401 Essential hypertension
402 Hypertensive heart disease
403 Hypertensive renal disease
404 Hypertensive heart and renal disease
405 Secondary hypertension
(410-414) Ischaemic heart disease
410 Acute myocardial infarction
411 Other acute and subacute forms of ischaemic heart disease
412 Old myocardial infarction
413 Angina pectoris
414 Other forms of chronic ischaemic heart disease
(415-417) Diseases of pulmonary circulation
415 Acute pulmonary heart disease
416 Chronic pulmonary heart disease
417 Other diseases of pulmonary circulation
(420-429) Other forms of heart disease
420 Acute pericarditis
421 Acute and subacute endocarditis
422 Acute myocarditis
423 Other diseases of pericardium
424 Other diseases of endocardium
425 Cardiomyopathy
426 Conduction disorders
427 Cardiac dysrhythmias
428 Heart failure
429 Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease
(430-438) Cerebrovascular disease
430 Subarachnoid haemorrhage
431 Intracerebral haemorrhage
432 Other and unspecified intracranial haemorrhage
433 Occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries
434 Occlusion of cerebral arteries
435 Transient cerebral ischaemia
436 Acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease
437 Other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease
438 Late effects of cerebrovascular disease
(440-448) Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries
440 Atherosclerosis
441 Aortic aneurysm
442 Other aneurysm
443 Other peripheral vascular disease
444 Arterial embolism and thrombosis
446 Polyarteritis nodosa and allied conditions
447 Other disorders of arteries and arterioles
448 Diseases of capillaries
(451-459) Diseases of veins and lymphatics, and other diseases of circulatory system
451 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis
452 Portal vein thrombosis
453 Other venous embolism and thrombosis
454 Varicose veins of lower extremities
455 Haemorrhoids
456 Varicose veins of other sites
457 Non-infective disorders of lymphatic channels
458 Hypotension
459 Other disorders of circulatory system
(460-466) Acute respiratory infections
460 Acute nasopharyngitis [common cold]
461 Acute sinusitis
462 Acute pharyngitis
463 Acute tonsillitis
464 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis
465 Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites
466 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis
(470-478) Other diseases of upper respiratory tract
470 Deflected nasal septum
471 Nasal polyps
472 Chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis
473 Chronic sinusitis
474 Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids
475 Peritonsillar abscess
476 Chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis
477 Allergic rhinitis
478 Other diseases of upper respiratory tract
(480-487) Pneumonia and influenza
480 Viral pneumonia
481 Pneumococcal pneumonia
482 Other bacterial pneumonia
483 Pneumonia due to other specified organism
484 Pneumonia in infectious diseases classified elsewhere
485 Bronchopneumonia, organism unspecified
486 Pneumonia, organism unspecified
487 Influenza
(490-496) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions
490 Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic
491 Chronic bronchitis
492 Emphysema
493 Asthma
494 Bronchiectasis
495 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
496 Chronic airways obstruction, not elsewhere classified
(500-508) Pneumoconioses and other lung diseases due to external agents
500 Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis
501 Asbestosis
502 Pneumoconiosis due to other silica or silicates
503 Pneumoconiosis due to other inorganic dust
504 Pneumopathy due to inhalation of other dust
505 Pneumoconiosis, unspecified
506 Respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapours
507 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids
508 Respiratory conditions due to other and unspecified external agents
(510-519) Other diseases of respiratory system
510 Empyema
511 Pleurisy
512 Pneumothorax
513 Abscess of lung and mediastinum
514 Pulmonary congestion and hypostasis
515 Postinflammatory pulmonary fibrosis
516 Other alveolar and parietoalveolar pneumopathy
517 Lung involvement in conditions classified elsewhere
518 Other diseases of lung
519 Other diseases of respiratory system
(520-529) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws
520 Disorders of tooth development and eruption
521 Diseases of hard tissues of teeth
522 Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues
523 Gingival and periodontal diseases
524 Dentofacial anomalies, including malocclusion
525 Other diseases and conditions of the teeth and supporting structures
526 Diseases of the jaws
527 Diseases of the salivary glands
528 Diseases of the oral soft tissues, excluding lesions specific for gingiva and tongue
529 Diseases and other conditions of the tongue
(530-537) Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum
530 Diseases of oesophagus
531 Gastric ulcer
532 Duodenal ulcer
533 Peptic ulcer, site unspecified
534 Gastrojejunal ulcer
535 Gastritis and duodenitis
536 Disorders of function of stomach
537 Other disorders of stomach and duodenum
(540-543) Appendicitis
540 Acute appendicitis
541 Appendicitis, unqualified
542 Other appendicitis
543 Other diseases of appendix
(550-553) Hernia of abdominal cavity
550 Inguinal hernia
551 Other hernia of abdominal cavity, with gangrene
552 Other hernia of abdominal cavity with obstruction, without mention of gangrene
553 Other hernia of abdominal cavity without mention of obstruction or gangrene
(555-558) Non-infective enteritis and colitis
555 Regional enteritis
556 Idiopathic proctocolitis
557 Vascular insufficiency of intestine
558 Other non-infective gastro-enteritis and colitis
(560-569) Other diseases of intestines and peritoneum
560 Intestinal obstruction without mention of hernia
562 Diverticula of intestine
564 Functional digestive disorders, not elsewhere classified
565 Anal fissure and fistula
566 Abscess of anal and rectal regions
567 Peritonitis
568 Other disorders of peritoneum
569 Other disorders of intestine
(570-579) Other diseases of digestive system
570 Acute and subacute necrosis of liver
571 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
572 Liver abscess and sequelae of chronic liver disease
573 Other disorders of liver
574 Cholelithiasis
575 Other disorders of gallbladder
576 Other disorders of biliary tract
577 Diseases of pancreas
578 Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage
579 Intestinal malabsorption
(580-589) Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis
580 Acute glomerulonephritis
581 Nephrotic syndrome
582 Chronic glomerulonephritis
583 Nephritis and nephropathy, not specified as acute or chronic
584 Acute renal failure
585 Chronic renal failure
586 Renal failure, unspecified
587 Renal sclerosis, unspecified
588 Disorders resulting from impaired renal function
589 Small kidney of unknown cause
(590-599) Other diseases of urinary system
590 Infections of kidney
591 Hydronephrosis
592 Calculus of kidney and ureter
593 Other disorders of kidney and ureter
594 Calculus of lower urinary tract
595 Cystitis
596 Other disorders of bladder
597 Urethritis, not sexually transmitted, and urethral syndrome
598 Urethral stricture
599 Other disorders of urethra and urinary tract
(600-608) Diseases of male genital organs
600 Hyperplasia of prostate
601 Inflammatory diseases of prostate
602 Other disorders of prostate
603 Hydrocele
604 Orchitis and epididymitis
605 Redundant prepuce and phimosis
606 Infertility, male
607 Disorders of penis
608 Other disorders of male genital organs
(610-611) Disorders of breast
610 Benign mammary dysplasias
611 Other disorders of breast
(614-616) Inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs
614 Inflammatory disease of ovary, Fallopian tube, pelvic cellular tissue and peritoneum
615 Inflammatory diseases of uterus, except cervix
616 Inflammatory disease of cervix, vagina and vulva
(617-629) Other disorders of female genital tract
617 Endometriosis
618 Genital prolapse
619 Fistulae involving female genital tract
620 Noninflammatory disorders of ovary, Fallopian tube and broad ligament
621 Disorders of uterus, not elsewhere classified
622 Noninflammatory disorders of cervix
623 Noninflammatory disorders of vagina
624 Noninflammatory disorders of vulva and perineum
625 Pain and other symptoms associated with female genital organs
626 Disorders of menstruation and other abnormal bleeding from female genital tract
627 Menopausal and postmenopausal disorders
628 Infertility, female
629 Other disorders of female genital organs
(630-633) Ectopic and molar pregnancy
630 Hydatidiform mole
631 Other abnormal product of conception
632 Missed abortion
633 Ectopic pregnancy
(634-639) Other pregnancy with abortive outcome
634 Spontaneous abortion
635 Legally induced abortion
636 Illegally induced abortion
637 Unspecified abortion
638 Failed attempted abortion
639 Complications following abortion and ectopic and molar pregnancies
(640-648) Complications mainly related to pregnancy
640 Haemorrhage in early pregnancy
641 Antepartum haemorrhage, abruptio placentae and placenta praevia
642 Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
643 Excessive vomiting in pregnancy
644 Early or threatened labour
645 Prolonged pregnancy
646 Other complications of pregnancy, not elsewhere classified
647 Infective and parasitic conditions in the mother classifiable elsewhere but complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
648 Other current conditions in the mother classifiable elsewhere but complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
(650-659) Normal delivery and other indications for care in pregnancy, labour and delivery
650 Delivery in a completely normal case
651 Multiple gestation
652 Malposition and malpresentation of foetus
653 Disproportion
654 Abnormality of organs and soft tissues of pelvis
655 Known or suspected foetal abnormality affecting management of mother
656 Other foetal and placental problems affecting management of mother
657 Polyhydramnios
658 Other problems associated with amniotic cavity and membranes
659 Other indications for care or intervention related to labour and delivery and not elsewhere classified
(660-669) Complications occurring mainly in the course of labour and delivery
660 Obstructed labour
661 Abnormality of forces of labour
662 Long labour
663 Umbilical cord complications
664 Trauma to perineum and vulva during delivery
665 Other obstetrical trauma
666 Postpartum haemorrhage
667 Retained placenta or membranes, without haemorrhage
668 Complications of the administration of anaesthetic or other sedation in labour and delivery
669 Other complications of labour and delivery, not elsewhere classified
(670-677) Complications of the puerperium
670 Major puerperal infection
671 Venous complications in pregnancy and the puerperium
672 Pyrexia of unknown origin during the puerperium
673 Obstetrical pulmonary embolism
674 Other and unspecified complications of the puerperium, not elsewhere classified
675 Infections of the breast and nipple associated with childbirth
676 Other disorders of the breast associated with childbirth, and disorders of lactation
677 Late effect of complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
(680-686) Infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue
680 Carbuncle and furuncle
681 Cellulitis and abscess of finger and toe
682 Other cellulitis and abscess
683 Acute lymphadenitis
684 Impetigo
685 Pilonidal cyst
686 Other local infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue
(690-698) Other inflammatory conditions of skin and subcutaneous tissue
690 Erythematosquamous dermatosis
691 Atopic dermatitis and related conditions
692 Contact dermatitis and other eczema
693 Dermatitis due to substances taken internally
694 Bullous dermatoses
695 Erythematous conditions
696 Psoriasis and similar disorders
697 Lichen
698 Pruritus and related conditions
(700-709) Other diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue
700 Corns and callosities
701 Other hypertrophic and atrophic conditions of skin
702 Other dermatoses
703 Diseases of nail
704 Diseases of hair and hair follicles
705 Disorders of sweat glands
706 Diseases of sebaceous glands
707 Chronic ulcer of skin
708 Urticaria
709 Other disorders of skin and subcutaneous tissue
(710-719) Arthropathies and related disorders
710 Diffuse diseases of connective tissue
711 Arthropathy associated with infections
712 Crystal arthropathies
713 Arthropathy associated with other disorders classified elsewhere
714 Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies
715 Osteo-arthrosis and allied disorders
716 Other and unspecified arthropathies
717 Internal derangement of knee
718 Other derangement of joint
719 Other and unspecified disorder of joint
(720-724) Dorsopathies
720 Ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory spondylopathies
721 Spondylosis and allied disorders
722 Intervertebral disk disorders
723 Other disorders of cervical region
724 Other and unspecified disorders of back
(725-729) Rheumatism, excluding the back
725 Polymyalgia rheumatica
726 Peripheral enthesopathies and allied syndromes
727 Other disorders of synovium, tendon and bursa
728 Disorders of muscle, ligament and fascia
729 Other disorders of soft tissues
(730-739) Osteopathies, chondropathies and acquired musculoskeletal deformities
730 Osteomyelitis, periostitis and other infections involving bone
731 Osteitis deformans and osteopathies associated with other disorders classified elsewhere
732 Osteochondropathies
733 Other disorders of bone and cartilage
734 Flat foot
735 Acquired deformities of toe
736 Other acquired deformities of limbs
737 Curvature of spine
738 Other acquired deformity
739 Nonallopathic lesions, not elsewhere classified
(740-759) Congenital anomalies
740 Anencephalus and similar anomalies
741 Spina bifida
742 Other congenital anomalies of nervous system
743 Congenital anomalies of eye
744 Congenital anomalies of ear, face and neck
745 Bulbus cordis anomalies and anomalies of cardiac septal closure
746 Other congenital anomalies of heart
747 Other congenital anomalies of circulatory system
748 Congenital anomalies of respiratory system
749 Cleft palate and cleft lip
750 Other congenital anomalies of upper alimentary tract
751 Other congenital anomalies of digestive system
752 Congenital anomalies of genital organs
753 Congenital anomalies of urinary system
754 Certain congenital musculoskeletal deformities
755 Other congenital anomalies of limbs
756 Other congenital musculoskeletal anomalies
757 Congenital anomalies of the integument
758 Chromosomal anomalies
759 Other and unspecified congenital anomalies
(760-763) Maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality
760 Foetus or newborn affected by maternal conditions which may be unrelated to present pregnancy
761 Foetus or newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy
762 Foetus or newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes
763 Foetus or newborn affected by other complications of labour and delivery
(764-779) Other conditions originating in the perinatal period
764 Slow foetal growth and foetal malnutrition
765 Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight
766 Disorders relating to long gestation and high birthweight
767 Birth trauma
768 Intra-uterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia
769 Respiratory distress syndrome
770 Other respiratory conditions of foetus and newborn
771 Infections specific to the perinatal period
772 Foetal and neonatal haemorrhage
773 Haemolytic disease of foetus or newborn, due to isoimmunisation
774 Other perinatal jaundice
775 Endocrine and metabolic disturbances specific to the foetus and newborn
776 Haematological disorders of foetus and newborn
777 Perinatal disorders of digestive system
778 Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of foetus and newborn
779 Other and ill-defined conditions originating in the perinatal period
(780-789) Symptoms
780 General symptoms
781 Symptoms involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems
782 Symptoms involving skin and other integumentary tissue
783 Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development
784 Symptoms involving head and neck
785 Symptoms involving cardiovascular system
786 Symptoms involving respiratory system and other chest symptoms
787 Symptoms involving digestive system
788 Symptoms involving urinary system
789 Other symptoms involving abdomen and pelvis
(790-796) Nonspecific abnormal findings
790 Nonspecific findings on examination of blood
791 Nonspecific findings on examination of urine
792 Nonspecific abnormal findings in other body substances
793 Nonspecific abnormal findings on radiological and other examination of body structure
794 Nonspecific abnormal results of function studies
795 Nonspecific abnormal histological and immunological findings
796 Other nonspecific abnormal findings
(797-799) Ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality
797 Senility without mention of psychosis
798 Sudden death, cause unknown
799 Other ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality
(800-804) Fracture of skull
800 Fracture of vault of skull
801 Fracture of base of skull
802 Fracture of face bones
803 Other and unqualified skull fractures
804 Multiple fractures involving skull or face with other bones
(805-809) Fracture of neck and trunk
805 Fracture of vertebral column without mention of spinal cord lesion
806 Fracture of vertebral column with spinal cord lesion
807 Fracture of rib(s), sternum, larynx and trachea
808 Fracture of pelvis
809 Ill-defined fractures of trunk
(810-819) Fracture of upper limb
810 Fracture of clavicle
811 Fracture of scapula
812 Fracture of humerus
813 Fracture of radius and ulna
814 Fracture of carpal bone(s)
815 Fracture of metacarpal bone(s)
816 Fracture of one or more phalanges of hand
817 Multiple fractures of hand bones
818 Ill-defined fractures of upper limb
819 Multiple fractures involving both upper limbs and upper limb with rib(s) and sternum
(820-829) Fracture of lower limb
820 Fracture of neck of femur
821 Fracture of other and unspecified parts of femur
822 Fracture of patella
823 Fracture of tibia and fibula
824 Fracture of ankle
825 Fracture of one or more tarsal and metatarsal bones
826 Fracture of one or more phalanges of foot
827 Other, multiple and ill-defined fractures of lower limb
828 Multiple fractures involving both lower limbs, lower with upper limb and lower limb(s) with rib(s) and sternum
829 Fracture of unspecified bones
(830-839) Dislocation
830 Dislocation of jaw
831 Dislocation of shoulder
832 Dislocation of elbow
833 Dislocation of wrist
834 Dislocation of finger
835 Dislocation of hip
836 Dislocation of knee
837 Dislocation of ankle
838 Dislocation of foot
839 Other, multiple and ill-defined dislocations
(840-848) Sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles
840 Sprains and strains of shoulder and upper arm
841 Sprains and strains of elbow and forearm
842 Sprains and strains of wrist and hand
843 Sprains and strains of hip and thigh
844 Sprains and strains of knee and leg
845 Sprains and strains of ankle and foot
846 Sprains and strains of sacro-iliac region
847 Sprains and strains of other and unspecified parts of back
848 Other and ill-defined sprains and strains
(850-854) Intracranial injury, excluding those with skull fracture
850 Concussion
851 Cerebral laceration and contusion
852 Subarachnoid, subdural and extradural haemorrhage, following injury
853 Other and unspecified intracranial haemorrhage following injury
854 Intracranial injury of other and unspecified nature
(860-869) Internal injury of chest, abdomen and pelvis
860 Traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax
861 Injury to heart and lung
862 Injury to other and unspecified intrathoracic organs
863 Injury to gastro-intestinal tract
864 Injury to liver
865 Injury to spleen
866 Injury to kidney
867 Injury to pelvic organs
868 Injury to other intra-abdominal organs
869 Internal injury to unspecified or ill-defined organs
(870-879) Open wound of head, neck and trunk
870 Open wound of ocular adnexa
871 Open wound of eyeball
872 Open wound of ear
873 Other open wound of head
874 Open wound of neck
875 Open wound of chest (wall)
876 Open wound of back
877 Open wound of buttock
878 Open wound of genital organs (external), including traumatic amputation
879 Open wound of other and unspecified sites, except limbs
(880-887) Open wound of upper limb
880 Open wound of shoulder and upper arm
881 Open wound of elbow, forearm and wrist
882 Open wound of hand except finger(s) alone
883 Open wound of finger(s)
884 Multiple and unspecified open wound of upper limb
885 Traumatic amputation of thumb (complete) (partial)
886 Traumatic amputation of other finger(s) (complete) (partial)
887 Traumatic amputation of arm and hand (complete) (partial)
(890-897) Open wound of lower limb
890 Open wound of hip and thigh
891 Open wound of knee, leg [except thigh] and ankle
892 Open wound of foot except toe(s) alone
893 Open wound of toe(s)
894 Multiple and unspecified open wound of lower limb
895 Traumatic amputation of toe(s) (complete) (partial)
896 Traumatic amputation of foot (complete) (partial)
897 Traumatic amputation of leg(s) (complete) (partial)
(900-904) Injury to blood vessels
900 Injury to blood vessels of head and neck
901 Injury to blood vessels of thorax
902 Injury to blood vessels of abdomen and pelvis
903 Injury to blood vessels of upper extremity
904 Injury to blood vessels of lower extremity and unspecified sites
(905-909) Late effects of injuries, poisonings, toxic effects and other external causes
905 Late effects of musculoskeletal and connective tissue injuries
906 Late effects of injuries to skin and subcutaneous tissues
907 Late effects of injuries to the nervous system
908 Late effects of other and unspecified injuries
909 Late effects of other and unspecified external causes
(910-919) Superficial injury
910 Superficial injury of face, neck and scalp except eye
911 Superficial injury of trunk
912 Superficial injury of shoulder and upper arm
913 Superficial injury of elbow, forearm and wrist
914 Superficial injury of hand(s) except finger(s) alone
915 Superficial injury of finger(s)
916 Superficial injury of hip, thigh, leg and ankle
917 Superficial injury of foot and toe(s)
918 Superficial injury of eye and adnexa
919 Superficial injury of other, multiple and unspecified sites
(920-924) Contusion with intact skin surface
920 Contusion of face, scalp and neck except eye(s)
921 Contusion of eye and adnexa
922 Contusion of trunk
923 Contusion of upper limb
924 Contusion of lower limb and of other and unspecified sites
(925-929) Crushing injury
925 Crushing injury of face, scalp and neck
926 Crushing injury of trunk
927 Crushing injury of upper limb
928 Crushing injury of lower limb
929 Crushing injury of multiple and unspecified sites
(930-939) Effects of foreign body entering through orifice
930 Foreign body on external eye
931 Foreign body in ear
932 Foreign body in nose
933 Foreign body in pharynx and larynx
934 Foreign body in trachea, bronchus and lung
935 Foreign body in mouth, oesophagus and stomach
936 Foreign body in intestine and colon
937 Foreign body in anus and rectum
938 Foreign body in digestive system, unspecified
939 Foreign body in genito-urinary tract
(940-949) Burns
940 Burn confined to eye and adnexa
941 Burn of face, head and neck
942 Burn of trunk
943 Burn of upper limb, except wrist and hand
944 Burn of wrist(s) and hand(s)
945 Burn of lower limb(s)
946 Burns of multiple specified sites
947 Burn of internal organs
948 Burns classified according to extent of body surface involved
949 Burn, unspecified
(950-957) Injury to nerves and spinal cord
950 Injury to optic nerve and pathways
951 Injury to other cranial nerve(s)
952 Spinal cord lesion without evidence of spinal bone injury
953 Injury to nerve roots and spinal plexus
954 Injury to other nerve(s) of trunk excluding shoulder and pelvic girdles
955 Injury to peripheral nerve(s) of shoulder girdle and upper limb
956 Injury to peripheral nerve(s) of pelvic girdle and lower limb
957 Injury to other and unspecified nerves
(958-959) Certain traumatic complications and unspecified injuries
958 Certain early complications of trauma
959 Injury, other and unspecified
(960-979) Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances
960 Poisoning by antibiotics
961 Poisoning by other anti-infectives
962 Poisoning by hormones and synthetic substitutes
963 Poisoning by primarily systemic agents
964 Poisoning by agents primarily affecting blood constituents
965 Poisoning by analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics
966 Poisoning by anticonvulsants and anti-Parkinsonism drugs
967 Poisoning by sedatives and hypnotics
968 Poisoning by other central nervous system depressants and anaesthetics
969 Poisoning by psychotropic agents
970 Poisoning by central nervous system stimulants
971 Poisoning by drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
972 Poisoning by agents primarily affecting the cardiovascular system
973 Poisoning by agents primarily affecting the gastro-intestinal system
974 Poisoning by water, mineral and uric acid metabolism drugs
975 Poisoning by agents primarily acting on the smooth and skeletal muscles and respiratory system
976 Poisoning by agents primarily affecting skin and mucous membrane, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological and dental drugs
977 Poisoning by other and unspecified drugs and medicaments
978 Poisoning by bacterial vaccines
979 Poisoning by other vaccines and biological substances
(980-989) Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source
980 Toxic effect of alcohol
981 Toxic effect of petroleum products
982 Toxic effect of solvents other than petroleum-based
983 Toxic effect of corrosive aromatics, acids and caustic alkalis
984 Toxic effect of lead and its compounds (including fumes)
985 Toxic effect of other metals
986 Toxic effect of carbon monoxide
987 Toxic effect of other gases, fumes or vapours
988 Toxic effect of noxious substances eaten as food
989 Toxic effect of other substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source
(990-995) Other and unspecified effects of external causes
990 Effects of radiation, unspecified
991 Effects of reduced temperature
992 Effects of heat and light
993 Effects of air pressure
994 Effects of other external causes
995 Certain adverse effects not elsewhere classified
(996-999) Complications of surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified
996 Complications peculiar to certain specified procedures
997 Complications affecting specified body systems, not elsewhere classified
998 Other complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified
999 Complications of medical care, not elsewhere classified
(E800-E807) Railway accidents
E800 Railway accident involving collision with rolling stock
E801 Railway accident involving collision with other object
E802 Railway accident involving derailment without antecedent collision
E803 Railway accident involving explosion, fire or burning
E804 Fall in, on or from railway train
E805 Hit by rolling stock
E806 Other specified railway accident
E807 Railway accident of unspecified nature
(E810-E819) Motor vehicle traffic accidents
E810 Motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with train
E811 Motor vehicle traffic accident involving re-entrant collision with another motor vehicle
E812 Other motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with another motor vehicle
E813 Motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with other vehicle
E814 Motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with pedestrian
E815 Other motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision on the highway
E816 Motor vehicle traffic accident due to loss of control, without collision on the highway
E817 Noncollision motor vehicle traffic accident while boarding or alighting
E818 Other noncollision motor vehicle traffic accident
E819 Motor vehicle traffic accident of unspecified nature
(E820-E825) Motor vehicle nontraffic accidents
E820 Nontraffic accident involving motor-driven snow vehicle
E821 Nontraffic accident involving other off-road motor vehicle
E822 Other motor vehicle nontraffic accident involving collision with moving object
E823 Other motor vehicle nontraffic accident involving collision with stationary object
E824 Other motor vehicle nontraffic accident while boarding and alighting
E825 Other motor vehicle nontraffic accident of other and unspecified nature
(E826-E829) Other road vehicle accidents
E826 Pedal cycle accident
E827 Animal-drawn vehicle accident
E828 Accident involving animal being ridden
E829 Other road vehicle accidents
(E830-E838) Water transport accidents
E830 Accident to watercraft causing submersion
E831 Accident to watercraft causing other injury
E832 Other accidental submersion or drowning in water transport accident
E833 Fall on stairs or ladders in water transport
E834 Other fall from one level to another in water transport
E835 Other and unspecified fall in water transport
E836 Machinery accident in water transport
E837 Explosion, fire or burning in watercraft
E838 Other and unspecified water transport accident
(E840-E845) Air and space transport accidents
E840 Accident to powered aircraft at takeoff or landing
E841 Accident to powered aircraft, other and unspecified
E842 Accident to unpowered aircraft
E843 Fall in, on or from aircraft
E844 Other specified air transport accidents
E845 Accident involving spacecraft
(E846-E848) Vehicle accidents not elsewhere classifiable
E846 Accidents involving powered vehicles used solely within the buildings and premises of an industrial or commercial establishment
E847 Accidents involving cable cars not running on rails
E848 Accidents involving other vehicles not elsewhere classifiable
(E849-E858) Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biologicals
E849 Place of occurrence
E850 Accidental poisoning by analgesics, antipyretics, antirheumatics
E851 Accidental poisoning by barbiturates
E852 Accidental poisoning by other sedatives and hypnotics
E853 Accidental poisoning by tranquillisers
E854 Accidental poisoning by other psychotropic agents
E855 Accidental poisoning by other drugs acting on central and autonomic nervous systems
E856 Accidental poisoning by antibiotics
E857 Accidental poisoning by anti-infectives
E858 Accidental poisoning by other drugs
(E860-E869) Accidental poisoning by other solid and liquid substances, gases and vapours
E860 Accidental poisoning by alcohol, not elsewhere classified
E861 Accidental poisoning by cleansing and polishing agents, disinfectants, paints and varnishes
E862 Accidental poisoning by petroleum products, other solvents and their vapours, not elsewhere classified
E863 Accidental poisoning by agricultural and horticultural chemical and pharmaceutical preparations other than plant foods and fertilisers
E864 Accidental poisoning by corrosives and caustics, not elsewhere classified
E865 Accidental poisoning from foodstuffs and poisonous plants
E866 Accidental poisoning by other and unspecified solid and liquid substances
E867 Accidental poisoning by gas distributed by pipeline
E868 Accidental poisoning by other utility gas and other carbon monoxide
E869 Accidental poisoning by other gases and vapours
(E870-E876) Misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
E870 Accidental cut, puncture, perforation or haemorrhage during medical care
E871 Foreign object left in body during procedure
E872 Failure of sterile precautions during procedure
E873 Failure in dosage
E874 Mechanical failure of instrument or apparatus during procedure
E875 Contaminated or infected blood, other fluid, drug or biological substance
E876 Other and unspecified misadventures during medical care
(E878-E879) Surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of patient or later complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of procedure
E878 Surgical operation and other surgical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of patient, or of later complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of operation
E879 Other procedures, without mention of misadventure at the time of procedure, as the cause of abnormal reaction of patient, or of later complication
(E880-E888) Accidental falls
E880 Fall on or from stairs or steps
E881 Fall on or from ladders or scaffolding
E882 Fall from or out of building or other structure
E883 Fall into hole or other opening in surface
E884 Other fall from one level to another
E885 Fall on same level from slipping, tripping or stumbling
E886 Fall on same level from collision, pushing or shoving, by or with other person
E887 Fracture, cause unspecified
E888 Other and unspecified fall
(E890-E899) Accidents caused by fire and flames
E890 Conflagration in private dwelling
E891 Conflagration in other and unspecified building or structure
E892 Conflagration not in building or structure
E893 Accident caused by ignition of clothing
E894 Ignition of highly inflammable material
E895 Accident caused by controlled fire in private dwelling
E896 Accident caused by controlled fire in other and unspecified building or structure
E897 Accident caused by controlled fire not in building or structure
E898 Accident caused by other specified fire and flames
E899 Accident caused by unspecified fire
(E900-E909) Accidents due to natural and environmental factors
E900 Excessive heat
E901 Excessive cold
E902 High and low air pressure and changes in air pressure
E903 Travel and motion
E904 Hunger, thirst, exposure, neglect
E905 Venomous animals and plants as the cause of poisoning and toxic reactions
E906 Other injury caused by animals
E907 Lightning
E908 Cataclysmic storms and floods resulting from storms
E909 Cataclysmic earth surface movements and eruptions
(E910-E915) Accidents caused by submersion, suffocation and foreign bodies
E910 Accidental drowning and submersion
E911 Inhalation and ingestion of food causing obstruction of respiratory tract or suffocation
E912 Inhalation and ingestion of other object causing obstruction of respiratory tract or suffocation
E913 Accidental mechanical suffocation
E914 Foreign body accidentally entering eye and adnexa
E915 Foreign body accidentally entering other orifice
(E916-E928) Other accidents
E916 Struck accidentally by falling object
E917 Striking against or struck accidentally by objects or persons
E918 Caught accidentally in or between objects
E919 Accidents caused by machinery
E920 Accidents caused by cutting and piercing instruments or objects
E921 Accident caused by explosion of pressure vessel
E922 Accident caused by firearm missile
E923 Accident caused by explosive material
E924 Accident caused by hot substance or object, caustic or corrosive material and steam
E925 Accident caused by electric current
E926 Exposure to radiation
E927 Overexertion and strenuous movements
E928 Other and unspecified environmental and accidental causes
(E929-E929) Late effects of accidental injury
E929 Late effects of accidental injury
(E930-E949) Drugs, medicaments and biological substances causing adverse effects in therapeutic use
E930 Antibiotics
E931 Other anti-infectives
E932 Hormones and synthetic substitutes
E933 Primarily systemic agents
E934 Agents primarily affecting blood constituents
E935 Analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics
E936 Anticonvulsants and anti-Parkinsonism drugs
E937 Sedatives and hypnotics
E938 Other central nervous system depressants and anaesthetics
E939 Psychotropic agents
E940 Central nervous system stimulants
E941 Drugs primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system
E942 Agents primarily affecting the cardiovascular system
E943 Agents primarily affecting gastro-intestinal system
E944 Water, mineral and uric acid metabolism drugs
E945 Agents primarily acting on the smooth and skeletal muscles and respiratory system
E946 Agents primarily affecting skin and mucous membrane, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological and dental drugs
E947 Other and unspecified drugs and medicaments
E948 Bacterial vaccines
E949 Other vaccines and biological substances
(E950-E959) Suicide and self-inflicted injury
E950 Suicide and self-inflicted poisoning by solid or liquid substances
E951 Suicide and self-inflicted poisoning by gases in domestic use
E952 Suicide and self-inflicted poisoning by other gases and vapours
E953 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation and suffocation
E954 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by submersion [drowning]
E955 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by firearms and explosives
E956 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by cutting and piercing instruments
E957 Suicide and self-inflicted injuries by jumping from high place
E958 Suicide and self-inflicted injury by other and unspecified means
E959 Late effects of self-inflicted injury
(E960-E969) Homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons
E960 Fight, brawl, rape
E961 Assault by corrosive or caustic substance, except poisoning
E962 Assault by poisoning
E963 Assault by hanging and strangulation
E964 Assault by submersion [drowning]
E965 Assault by firearms and explosives
E966 Assault by cutting and piercing instrument
E967 Child battering and other maltreatment
E968 Assault by other and unspecified means
E969 Late effects of injury purposely inflicted by other person
(E970-E978) Legal intervention
E970 Injury due to legal intervention by firearms
E971 Injury due to legal intervention by explosives
E972 Injury due to legal intervention by gas
E973 Injury due to legal intervention by blunt object
E974 Injury due to legal intervention by cutting and piercing instruments
E975 Injury due to legal intervention by other specified means
E976 Injury due to legal intervention by unspecified means
E977 Late effects of injuries due to legal intervention
E978 Legal execution
(E980-E989) Injury undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E980 Poisoning by solid or liquid substances, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E981 Poisoning by gases in domestic use, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E982 Poisoning by other gases, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E983 Hanging, strangulation or suffocation, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E984 Submersion [drowning], undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E985 Injury by firearms and explosives, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E986 Injury by cutting and piercing instruments, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E987 Falling from high place, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E988 Injury by other and unspecified means, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
E989 Late effects of injury, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted
(E990-E999) Injury resulting from operations of war
E990 Injury due to war operations by fires and conflagrations
E991 Injury due to war operations by bullets and fragments
E992 Injury due to war operations by explosion of marine weapons
E993 Injury due to war operations by other explosion
E994 Injury due to war operations by destruction of aircraft
E995 Injury due to war operations by other and unspecified forms of conventional warfare
E996 Injury due to war operations by nuclear weapons
E997 Injury due to war operations by other forms of unconventional warfare
E998 Injury due to war operations but occurring after cessation of hostilities
E999 Late effects of injury due to war operations
(V01-V09) Persons with potential health hazards related to communicable diseases
V01 Contact with or exposure to communicable diseases
V02 Carrier or suspected carrier of infectious diseases
V03 Need for prophylactic vaccination and inoculation against bacterial diseases
V04 Need for prophylactic vaccination and inoculation against certain viral diseases
V05 Need for prophylactic vaccination and inoculation against single diseases
V06 Need for prophylactic vaccination and inoculation against combinations of diseases
V07 Need for isolation and other prophylactic measures
V08 Asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection status
V09 Infection with drug-resistant microorganisms
(V10-V19) Persons with potential health hazards related to personal and family history
V10 Personal history of malignant neoplasm
V11 Personal history of mental disorder
V12 Personal history of certain other diseases
V13 Personal history of other diseases
V14 Personal history of allergy to medicinal agents
V15 Other personal history presenting hazards to health
V16 Family history of malignant neoplasm
V17 Family history of certain chronic disabling diseases
V18 Family history of certain other specific conditions
V19 Family history of other conditions
(V20-V29) Persons encountering health services in circumstances related to reproduction and development
V20 Health supervision of infant or child
V21 Constitutional states in development
V22 Normal pregnancy
V23 Supervision of high-risk pregnancy
V24 Postpartum care and examination
V25 Contraceptive management
V26 Procreative management
V27 Outcome of delivery
V28 Antenatal screening
V29 Observation and evaluation of newborns for suspected condition not found
(V30-V39) Healthy liveborn infants according to type of birth
V30 Singleton
V31 Twin, mate live born
V32 Twin, mate stillborn
V33 Twin, unspecified
V34 Other multiple, mates all live born
V35 Other multiple, mates all stillborn
V36 Other multiple, mates live- and stillborn
V37 Other multiple, unspecified
V39 Unspecified
(V40-V49) Persons with a condition influencing their health status
V40 Mental and behavioural problems
V41 Problems with special senses and other special functions
V42 Organ or tissue replaced by transplant
V43 Organ or tissue replaced by other means
V44 Artificial opening status
V45 Other postsurgical states
V46 Other dependence on machines
V47 Other problems with internal organs
V48 Problems with head, neck and trunk
V49 Problems with limbs and other problems
(V50-V59) Persons encountering health services for specific procedures and aftercare
V50 Elective surgery for purposes other than remedying health states
V51 Aftercare involving the use of plastic surgery
V52 Fitting and adjustment of prosthetic device
V53 Fitting and adjustment of other device
V54 Other orthopaedic aftercare
V55 Attention to artificial openings
V56 Aftercare involving intermittent dialysis
V57 Care involving use of rehabilitation procedures
V58 Other and unspecified aftercare
V59 Donors
(V60-V69) Persons encountering health services in other circumstances
V60 Housing, household and economic circumstances
V61 Other family circumstances
V62 Other psychosocial circumstances
V63 Unavailability of other medical facilities for care
V64 Persons encountering health services for specific procedures, not carried out
V65 Other persons seeking consultation without complaint or sickness
V66 Convalescence
V67 Follow-up examination
V68 Encounters for administrative purposes
V69 Problems related to lifestyle
(V70-V82) Persons without reported diagnosis encountered during examination and investigation of individuals and populations
V70 General medical examination
V71 Observation and evaluation for suspected conditions
V72 Special investigations and examinations
V73 Special screening examination for viral and chlamydial diseases
V74 Special screening examination for bacterial and spirochaetal diseases
V75 Special screening examination for other infectious diseases
V76 Special screening for malignant neoplasms
V77 Special screening for endocrine, nutritional, metabolic and immunity disorders
V78 Special screening for disorders of blood and blood-forming organs
V79 Special screening for mental disorders and developmental handicaps
V80 Special screening for neurological, eye and ear diseases
V81 Special screening for cardiovascular, respiratory and genito-urinary diseases
V82 Special screening for other conditions
List of 4-digit codes[edit]
See also[edit]
- Wolfbane.com's list of ICD-9 codes[2].


text:
Boiler Exhaust Heat Recovery System Low Temperature Economizer For CFB/ HRSG Boiler
(1) HDB consistently executes successful boiler economizer installations using safe, cost-effective methods. Economizers improve boiler performance by increasing fuel efficiency and improving steam generation and response time.
(2) We can guide you through the process of installing or retrofitting existing boiler systems .
Our expert boiler economizer and waste heat recovery system installations can reduce your overall fuel requirements, lower emissions, and ultimately reduce your boiler operating costs.
(1) The economizer is a steam generation system as like a boiler. when the exhaust gas discharge from the engine cylinder through the exhaust valve it goes to the boiler for generate steam by heating of water.
(2) After those gas it goes through the economizer the remaining exhaust gas temperature is heated the water in economiser. it help to generate steam, and it is improving the efficiency and save the fuel consumption
(3) An economizer uses the waste heat from the boiler exhaust, that would otherwise be lost to atmosphere to (in most cases) preheat the feed water into the boiler.This improves the boiler efficiency and reduces fuel costs.
Utility Boiler Economizer
|HDB produces economizers for utility boilers, which includes boilers fueled by coal, wood, oil, or other solid fuels to produce electricty from the boiler's high pressure steam.
|These economizers are usually located in the back pass of the boiler and oriented with the tubes running horizontally.The boiler feedwater runs through the economizer circuits in the opposite direction of the gas flow (called counterflow).
|Bare tubes are typically utilized in order to minimize ash fouling, but some boiler OEM's design their economizers with finned tubes, either spiral or long finned.
|HDB can produce economizer elements with either bare, spiral finned, or long finned tubes, and if you prefer, re-design your unit to one of the other tube-types. HDB can also fabricate replacement headers for all utility boiler economizers.
Package Boiler Economizer
|HDB has unique manufacturing capabilities that the Optimus engineers take full advantage of when designing sulfuric acid plant economizers and superheaters.
|Often this allows the Optimus units to be configured for higher heat transfer efficiencies which results in a reduced surface area requirement and, consequently, a lower-priced product.
|HDB utilizes its on-site capabilities to fin and bend the tubes, machine and fabricate the headers, drill the tubesheets, cut and prep all casing materials, and perform all of the pressure part and casing welds.
|This gives HDB more control of the manufacturing sequence and schedule which has helped us achieve a remarkable record of on-time delivery performance.
HRSG Economizer
|Economizers for today's HRSG modules are configured with fintubes that hang vertically. HDB has fabricated economizer coils for virtually all of the HRSG OEM companies and understands the unique features of each.
|In many cases, utilities desire to upgrade their economizers from plain carbon steel to an alloy material to help resist flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) inside the headers and tube bends.
|HDB is a one-stop shop for economizer fabrication because we prep all the materials and perform all of the pressure part and attachment welding, from finning the fintubes, fabricating the headers, and assembling the coil bundle.
Performance advantages
1.Application of flue gas waste heat recovery system for tail flue of power plant boiler
The thermal temperature is low, usually 100℃ or so with not good quality.
(1) This part of the recovery of heat is not equivalent to the method of calculation, but should be equivalent conversion method or heat balance calculation to determine the effective use of heat recovery value (thermodynamics second law).
2. Used in other industrial boilers in the flue gas waste heat recovery device
(1) Under normal circumstances, the economy is in priority in power plant application. This is because in other industrial boiler systems, the available steam resources are limited. For users with not enough steam, the recovery of heat can be considered 100% available resources, the most economical.
(2) flue gas waste heat exchanger advantages
|improve the efficiency of recycling, reduce coal consumption;
|improve the efficiency of dust removal (before the installation of dust collector);
reduce the evaporation of desulfurization tower, saving water.
Exhaust Heat Recovery System Low Temperature Boiler Economizer For CFB / HRSG Boiler Images
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Click on an item to see more info about it. This page highlights are main practice areas of law for our office. If you have a question or the area of law you are dealing with is not readily apparent to you in the items below, please contact our office. If we are not able to assist you, we have developed a network of other professionals such as lawyers, accountants, counselors, etcetera, whom we confidently refer our clients to.
Practice Areas
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text: Page ContentAdvanced materials behaviour modellingVTT ProperTune® is an advanced computational modelling-based material design methodology. ProperTune optimises material design, replacing expensive, time consuming testing and shortening time-to-market for new products by an average of 50%. It is a methodology that can parse massive amounts of data to virtually model and analyse material behaviour on component, microstructural and atomic scales.Accurately mimic most materials and coatingsOur portfolio of software modules can be integrated to solve specific problems. With ProperTune you can digitally mimic industrial materials to accurately predict how they will behave under real service conditions. We can apply accurate modeling to a wide variety of materials and surface coatings such as metals, ceramics, elastomers, plastics, composite structures, sandwich structures and biomaterials, among others.Use VTT ProperTune® for optimal material design VTT ProperTune® is a tool capable of analysing massive amounts of experimental data. It is used to optimise a wide variety of material properties such as lifetime endurance, wear and corrosion resistance, and fracture and fatigue durability. If you would like to shorten your time-to-market and save cost, VTT is at your service.Click to see how a hard composite surface deforms when scratched!Click to see how the atoms behave when forming to a low friction diamondlike surface! Click to see the stresses in an erosion resistant rubber coating when hit! HTML 2Thin Fims Atomic MDS C phases in scratch of DLC by DLCClose up of stresses in scratch test by 2 µm TiN on steelMacro view of stresses in scratch test - diamond tip vs 2 µm TiN on steel Composite materials and coatings 1st principal stress in scratch test of thermal spray coatingMax equivalent stress in thermal spray coating macro vs micro viewStresses in indentation of laser cladded coating _s1 Metals Crack propagation between holesPin-on-disc testWire slice stresses in tensioWire stresses development in tension Soft materialsMacro stresses of ball impact on elastomerMacro stresses of ball impact on elastomer_2Stresses as particle hits elastomer at angular impact HTML 3 Presentations of the VTT ProperTune® concept and modelling techniques and solutions: VTTProperTune environmentModelling assisted design - a route for tailored material performance HTML 4Thin films Understanding the material behaviour under scratch tipComposite materials and coatings Coating structure effect on stress formationMetals Performance of metallic materialsSoft materials Understanding the elastomer behaviour during impact HTML 5ReferencesVTT ProperTune® has been developed together with our industrial partners and applied to their critical components in mechanical machines and devises. See below more information on some of our industrial reference cases.VTT ProperTune® references HTML 6


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The Best Way to Book Plumbing Services
Thanks to the power of the internet it's never been easier to find what you're looking for, in the space of a few minutes. Although plumbing services have been around for centuries, they are now some of the most accessible online – with dozens of websites belonging to plumbers within any given region of Australia.
Although many people prefer to get in touch with their service providers via the phone – the ability to do so via email, or by sending a quick message can be even more beneficial. Being able to make enquiries online without having to feel obligated to follow through with bookings is one of the main reasons why so many turn to the web.
Another simply comes down to the easy way in which enquiries and bookings can be made, as well as allowing a home owner to request a quote, or schedule a free evaluation.
How to book online
The first thing that you'll want to do is search for a local plumber. Searching for 'plumbers in Melbourne' will offer the best results for those in that region – likewise with Sydney, Perth, or Queensland, for example. You will then be presented with a selection of the most prominent plumbing providers in order of relevance, so it's well worth saving the details of the first few that appear.
You will then be able to send a quick email or have a live chat with a provider – if this is an option. This is a great opportunity to get to know a little more about their services, how much they charge, or when you can expect them to visit your home to deal with your project. For urgent tasks and emergencies, then may plumbers will aim to keep their devices on them at all times to check emails and messages – but if not, then there's really no harm in getting in touch with them via phone instead.


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Tolerance Attack
By Collin Levey.. This commentary orginally appeared on OpinionJournal.com .
When people tune in to the Grammys next week, they will be seeing the most shocking display of tolerance the music industry has peddled in some time. Elton John will be singing a duet with Eminem.
Mr. John, an industry veteran with such megahits under his belt as...


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News & Blogs
Weather Articles
Hurricane Lane Could Come Dangerously Close to the Hawaiian Islands Late This WeekAugust 21, 2018
Lane could threaten Hawaii with heavy rain, strong winds and battering surf later this week.
Hurricane Lane Update: A Rare Brush With Much of Hawaii Late This Week IncreasingBy Jonathan Erdman
August 21, 2018
Lane could come dangerously close to Hawaii later this week.
Typhoon Soulik Taking Aim at Southwest Japan and Korea This Week and Cimaron Will Follow on Its Heels as Another Typhoon ThreatBy Jonathan Belles
August 20, 2018
Japan could be struck by two tropical cyclones in one week.
Flooding Rain, Severe Thunderstorms Spread From the Great Lakes to Mid-Atlantic TuesdayBy Chris Dolce
August 20, 2018
Expect travel delays early this week in the Midwest, South and East.
Pattern Change to Bring Hot Temperatures Back Into the Central and Eastern States as Northwest Sees Wildfire, Smoke ReliefBy Chris Dolce
August 20, 2018
The jet stream will reconfigure itself starting this weekend which means changes from coast-to-coast.
July 2018 Was 4th Hottest on Record Worldwide, NOAA SaysBy Sean Breslin
August 20, 2018
NOAA's data has revealed July 2018 wasn't record-hot for the planet, but it was close.
Lake Mead Water Levels Fine for Now, but Cutbacks Could Be Coming as Soon as 2020By Associated Press
August 20, 2018
Officials say the water level is fine for now, but they're worried about the reservoir's future.
India Flooding Kills Hundreds, Drives More than 800,000 from Homes in Kerala StateAugust 20, 2018
Rains are finally diminishing in parts of Kerala state, hit by its worst flooding in a century.
Cold Front to Erase Summer's Dog Days in Nation's Midsection, South This WeekBy Linda Lam
August 20, 2018
Below-average temperatures might be in store for portions of the U.S. during the dog days of summer.
Hurricane Preparedness Tips You May Not Have Thought OfBy Jonathan Belles
August 19, 2018
Besides gathering water and batteries, here are a few other things you can do now to prepare for hurricanes.
More Rain Is Ahead for Northeast This WeekendBy Linda Lam
August 18, 2018
The wet pattern will return, but there will be some differences.
More Than a Half-Dozen Eastern Cities Are on Pace for Wettest Year on RecordBy Linda Lam
August 17, 2018
Rounds of heavy rainfall are putting more than a half-dozen cities on track for a record-wet year.
Harvey's Birth, Death, and Rebirth: The Forgotten First Chapter of One of America's Costliest HurricanesBy Jonathan Erdman
August 17, 2018
You may not remember Harvey's first life.
India Flooding Death Toll Doubles Again in Kerala State; More Than 320 KilledBy Sean Breslin
August 17, 2018
Much of a southern Indian state was shut down as the monsoon rains caused widespread flooding, killing hundreds.
Plane Skids Off Manila Runway in Downpour; All Passengers SafeAugust 17, 2018
Disaster avoided, 165 passengers and officials breathe a sigh of relief.
Fall 2018 Outlook: Many Will Have to Wait for Cooler TemperaturesBy Linda Lam
August 17, 2018
Parts of the West and northern tier may have to wait a bit for cooler fall temperatures.
Oklahoma Dam Breach Fears Eased, but More Rain Is PossibleBy Sean Breslin
August 16, 2018
Officials said they're thankful water levels have dropped, but more rain is possible in the coming days.
106-Year-Old News Blurb Might Have Been First Time Coal Was Tied to Climate ChangeBy Sean Breslin
August 16, 2018
This might have been the first time a connection was made.
Subtropical Storm Ernesto Nearly Surrounded By California, Canadian Wildfire Smoke in North Atlantic Extending to EuropeBy Jonathan Erdman
August 16, 2018
You definitely don't see this every day.
Extreme Temperatures Likely Through 2022 Worldwide, Scientists SayBy Sean Breslin
August 15, 2018
Extreme temperatures are likely to be the norm for at least the next four years, according to a new study.


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The firm began as the law office of Mr. L. Hanafiah in 1953, one of Indonesia's first post-independence law firms. Reconstituted in 1990 and reorganized at various times since then, the firm's structure is now Hanafiah Ponggawa & Partners (HPRP Lawyers), with Equity Partners are Al Hakim Hanafiah, Constant M. Ponggawa, Fabian Buddy Pascoal, Andre Rahadian, Sartono, and Giovanni Mofsol Muhammad.
Realization of HPRP Lawyers' clients' objectives is the foremost consideration. HPRP Lawyers' firm members are committed to providing first class legal services and timely and cost-sensitive representation to our clients, by maintaining the excellence and continual professional growth of our lawyers in mastering different areas of law. HPRP Lawyers' experienced and dedicated lawyers, specialized paralegals, and related support staff provide active advisory assistance, strategy advisement, and creative support with quick responses around the clock. HPRP takes pride in the long-standing relationships which it builds and maintains with its clients.
HPRP aims to provide first class legal services for local and international clients through maintaining and expanding its presence worldwide. To achieve maximal efficiency in providing high standard legal services, HPRP allocates significant time and resources to supporting and developing our lawyers in their professional careers by providing continuous mentoring as well as state of the art technology and devices.


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Safety/Health Recordkeeping Mandates Change for Some Industries
The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has revised the industrial classification [...]
CalChamber Alert offers insights on how pending legislation, regulations, court decisions, ballot measures and more could have a significant impact on how California employers do business.
© 2018 California Chamber of Commerce.
Privacy Policy


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Waterstone Faucets was started in 1999 by its founder and president Chris Kuran. At its inception the company primarily provided top quality parts and finished components to large filtration manufacturers that made and sold drinking water systems.
As the news of Waterstone's quality parts and timely deliveries spread throughout the industry, customers began requesting that Waterstone provide small institutional drinking water faucets in custom finishes.
Over the course of the last five years Waterstone has crafted six complete one of a kind Kitchen "suites" of products. Each "suite" has its own look, feel and style that lend itself to a specific decorative kitchen look and feel. Waterstone's concept is to create a matching ensemble of products that cover all the faucetry needs of ones own kitchen. From the patented Gantry® faucets to the 13 other matching items in each style, our faucet "suites" provide everything for the kitchen.
Available in 30 finishes plus solid stainless steel, Waterstone provides its customers and their customers the ability to purchase matching products from a single source.
Waterstone Faucets future is bright. We hope you will join us in our pursuit of excellence in design, production and service by putting a Waterstone faucet in your home!


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About Author
Most of my days are spent in God's "silence"…birds, cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, cats, insects, wind…the ultimate white noise. Silence is appealing especially when it means I'm not having to listen to yet another person lie. Drive-by relationships is a great name for what a lot, if not most, people call "friendship". Since my husband died, I've lost count (not that I ever was counting) of the people who told me "I consider us friends" and I've not heard from them since I saw them at the wake or funeral. I'm not bitter, I'm realistic; a cynic with more information.
Mom says if we die with five true friends, we've lived a wonderful life. She's right; friends are hard to come by. Not many want to spend the time, effort and concentration to build a friendship; what most want is someone they can use to personal advantage. As soon as we figure that out, we'll be on our way to developing true friends not "drive-by relationships".
The best way I've found to develop deep relationships is, start morning devotions and never let up. God is the only One who'll be with us, consistently and with non-condemnation.
Bless His name forever!
Good video. After God, my most important relationship is with my wife, Betty. I'm a morning person and she' not. So, it's my job to feed the horses in the morning. I usually go out just before dawn because I love the quiet and the beauty of our New Mexico sky just as the sun is coming up. Me and God enjoy that time together. When I go in to wake Betty, I give her the gift of the morning. To wake her, I rub her head for about 10 -15 seconds. Then I'll rub each foot for 5 – 10 seconds before putting on her slippers. Reluctantly, she'll get up as I hold her robe for her to put it on. Her coffee and a glass of ice water are waiting for her next to her place on the couch. All of this is meant to demonstrate that quality relationships require focus and work – investment. The same is true with our relationship with God and with our horses – an investment of our time.
Regards, Dan
"If you can't stand being alone in the quiet it's a good bet you and the Lord may be sharing a drive-by relationship."
A drive-by relationship is what it is for most people today, Lynn. If it were otherwise the church would not be what it is – merely a religious institution. God's people love it that way. Love the picture! Great ad too, is that you promoting it?


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WITNESSES who helped send three innocent men to jail for the killing of a Cardiff prostitute have made fresh statements alleging they were pressured to give false evidence by police officers involved in the original investigation - and threatened that they would be implicated with the murder if they didn't co-operate.
In July this year Jeffrey Gafoor pleaded guilty to murdering Lynette White, 20, on Valentine's Day 1988, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He had been identified as the killer following advances in DNA profiling.
But in 1990 Yusef Abdullahi, Steven Miller and Tony Paris were convicted of the notorious killing of Lynette, 20, at a flat she used in the docks area of Cardiff. Two other defendants, brothers John and Ronald Actie, were acquitted.
In 1992 the Cardiff Three, as they became known, had their convictions quashed by the Court of Appeal after evidence emerged of pressure brought by police on Mr Miller to extract a false confession.
The then Lord Chief Justice, Lord Taylor said in allowing the men's appeals that Mr Miller was "bullied and hectored" during a "travesty of an interview".
Lord Taylor said the officers were not so much questioning Mr Miller as shouting at him what they wanted him to say.
"Short of physical violence, it is hard to conceive of a more hostile and intimidating approach by officers to a suspect."
Lord Taylor said he and his fellow appeal judges were "horrified" when they heard a tape recording of the interview played in court.
Lord Taylor said the officers adopted techniques of interrogation which were contrary to the spirit, and in many instances the letter, of the codes laid down under the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act. He directed that copies of the tape recorded interview should be sent to the Chief Inspector of Constabulary, the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Chairman of the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice.
Lord Taylor said there was no scientific evidence against the accused and the evidence of prostitutes Angela Psaila and Leanne Vilday had been discredited.
Yesterday, solicitor Bernard de Maid, who represented Yusef Abdullahi at the time of the original trial and Gafoor more recently, released to The Western Mail a letter he sent to South Wales Police Chief Constable Sir Anthony Burden in July.
The letter says that when re-interviewed last October by police, three of the original trial witnesses accepted they had perjured themselves at the trials in 1990 - there were two trials because the first judge died before the case was completed - and alleged they had been threatened by the police that they would be implicated in the murder of Lynette themselves unless they gave evidence against the accused.
Mr de Maid has been supplied by the police with audio tapes of interviews with the three witnesses concerned - Paul Atkins, Mark Grommek and Angela Psaila. A fourth witness, Leanne Vilday, has refused to be re-interviewed by the police.
In his letter to the Chief Constable, Mr de Maid writes, "In the course of the Gafoor case, the CPS delivered to us audio taped interviews of three of the four supposed 'eyewitnesses' to the killing of Miss White. The fourth refuses to be interviewed.
"The tapes contain the most shocking and frightening allegation, namely,
that each of the three committed perjury twice, at the trial and retrial;
that they were pressured by the then investigating police officers into giving false accounts under threat of themselves being charged with the murder; and,
that the police "fed" them the names of the five people to be implicated.
"Each of the three witnesses accepted, as at October 2002, that they had repeatedly lied to the court at the trial.
"On the face of it, a number of criminal offences appear to have been committed. We make no judgement on the truth or otherwise of the allegations against the police but, put at its lowest, there are clear admissions of perjury here in a very serious criminal case which led to five men serving prison terms of two to four years duration.
"In addition, the South Wales Police officers, at the time, managed to persuade Mr Steven Miller to make a confession to a crime that he clearly could not have committed. Lastly, we had a witness, Ian Massey, claiming to have heard a prison confession by one of the defendants, an event which could not have happened.
"We feel all the allegations need to be properly investigated and formally make a complaint to you, by this letter, of such possible offences.
"We hope that the principles of 'honesty, transparency and accountability' will apply and are copying this letter to the Police Complaints Authority as we feel that this matter should be investigated by them and a public inquiry. An investigation, as currently suggested, by an Assistant Chief Constable, however well qualified, into allegations about his own police force will not allay public suspicion of partiality."
Mr de Maid concluded his letter by saying it had been discussed with John Charles Rees QC, who represented John Actie at the original trials and Jeffrey Gafoor this year.
At the original trials in 1990, it was disclosed that Ms Psaila and Ms Vilday had been under police protection since the men whose convictions were subsequently quashed had been arrested two years before.
The two women, who were both prostitutes, became key witnesses. Both claimed in evidence they had heard screams coming from the flat used by Lynette White. They told the court they had run into the flat and witnessed Tony Paris stabbing Lynette while the other four defendants were in the room. They also told the court that Ms Vilday had been forced to cut Lynette's wrists. Ms Vilday went on to give evidence that she had been threatened by Ronnie Actie that her baby son would be killed if she told anyone about the murder.
The trial judge, Mr Justice Leonard, warned the jury that they may not be able to rely on the evidence of Mr Atkins, whose testimony was "flatly contradictory".
In his evidence to the trial, Mr Atkins said he had made up four separate stories about the night of the murder, including one in which he claimed to have cut Lynette White's throat himself.
Mr Grommek, who lived in a flat upstairs from the one where Lynette's body was discovered, told the court that Mr Atkins was with him in the flat at the time the murder was committed.
The judge told the jury they might decide they were unable to rely on "any positive assertion" made by Mr Atkins.
Mr Grommek told the trial he had lied to the police when he originally told them he was not in the flat on the night of the murder and subsequently that he was asleep in it throughout the night and heard no disturbance.
In his evidence to the trial, Mr Grommek told the court that in the early hours of the morning when the murder was committed, he had opened the front door to the building in which both his flat and the murder flat were located and seen four men standing outside.
The doorbell had been ringing for 10 minutes. Mr Grommek said four men, including two of the original defendants, Ronald Actie and Yusef Abdullahi, were standing outside.
Mr Grommek told the court that, after he went back to his flat, he heard raised voices and a piercing scream from the flat below.