text:
American Civil war- The Upper South Left the Union Over State Sovereignty
|Voting Style:
|Point System:
|7 Point
|2 years ago
|Post Voting Period
|1,570 times
|Debate No:
My opponent has not stated the format so I will assume that, as is typical, the first round is for acceptance. I await my opponent's arguments.
Thank you Tokamak for accepting this my first debate on this forum, I am very excited. I believe the upper south left the union for many reasons, but will argue the main reason was state sovereignty.
Sovereign states
"Upper south, which had cried equally against coercion as succession" -E merton Coulter the Confederate States of America Louisiana State University Press
In the antebellum civil war states were sovereign and self governing was a vital aspect of American government. When secession came each state left the union for its own reasons. The original deep south cotton states left the union and formed a confederacy. The upper south states chose to stay in the union instead of joining this new confederacy.
On February the 9th the same day that Mississippi left the union, Tennessee voters turned down secession by a 4-1 margin. However after Lincolns call to volunteers Governor Isham Harris wrote President Lincoln saying if the federal government was going to "coerce" the states into returning, Tennessee had no choice but to join its Southern neighbors. Harris recalled the Tennessee legislature for another vote on May 6 this time to join the confederacy. Than on June 8 voters approved the measure by a 2-1 margin.
Before Lincolns call for volunteers with slavery equally safe in the north or south, the slave state of Virginia on April 4th1861 voted by a 2-1 margin to stay in the union. After Lincolns call for volunteers Virginia gathered again and by a vote of 126,000 to 20,400 Virginia left the union. In the minds of Virginians, Lincolns call to volunteers and the violation of state sovereignty. Virginia did not give a lengthy declaration of why it left the union just a short ordinance of secession.
North Carolina
-North Carolina Governor John Ellis
Having previously turned down even voting on secession, North Carolina responded to Lincolns call for volunteers by than unanimously adopted a secession ordinance, showing the impact it had on the state.
Kentucky Declaration For Leaving The Union
"Whereas, the Federal Constitution, which created the Government of the United States, was declared by the framers thereof to be the supreme law of the land, and was intended to limit and did expressly limit the powers of said Government to certain general specified purposes, and did expressly reserve to the States and people all other powers whatever, and the President and Congress have treated this supreme law of the Union with contempt and usurped to themselves the power to interfere with the rights and liberties of the States and the people against the expressed provisions of the Constitution, and have thus substituted for the highest forms of national liberty and constitutional government a central despotism founded upon the ignorant prejudices of the masses of Northern society, and instead of giving protection with the Constitution to the people of fifteen States of this Union have turned loose upon them the unrestrained and raging passions of mobs and fanatics, and because we now seek to hold our liberties, our property, our homes, and our families under the protection of the reserved powers of the States, have blockaded our ports, invaded our soil, and waged war upon our people for the purpose of subjugating us to their will; and Whereas, our honor and our duty to posterity demand that we shall not relinquish our own liberty and shall not abandon the right of our descendants and the world to the inestimable blessings of constitutional government: Therefore, .... because we may choose to take part in a cause for civil liberty and constitutional government against a sectional majority waging war against the people and institutions of fifteen independent States of the old Federal Union, and have done all these things deliberately against the warnings and vetoes of the Governor and the solemn remonstrance of the minority in the Senate and House of Representatives: Therefore, .....have a right to establish any government which to them may seem best adapted to the preservation of their rights and liberties." -Kentucky Declaration for Causes of Seccesion
"Your requisition is illegal, unconstitutional, revolutionary, inhuman, diabolical, and cannot be complied with"
-Missouri Governors Response to Lincolns call for Volunteers
The slave state of Missouri was almost universally pro union. When the south sent delegates to try and convince the state to join the south, they were booed and jeered so that the CSA delegate could not even be heard. On March 21 1861 the Missouri convention voted 98-1 against secession, but kept its neutrality. Many in the state became angry and felt their state sovereignty was violated during the "Camp Jackson Affair" with General Lyon capturing the arsenal in St Louis and when union soldiers opened fire on civilians and pro confederates killing dozens. Many felt the federal government was violating the states neutral position and support for secession grew rapid in the state. This led to a end to neutrality and both a pro confederate and pro union government in the state. Pro south Missouri reasons for secession, centered around constitutional violations of the Lincoln administration.
"All that the South has ever desired was the Union as established by our forefathers should be preserved and that the government as originally organized should be administered in purity and truth."
-Gen. Robert E. Lee Quoted in The enduring Relevance of Robert E Lee
-Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States http://www.civilwar.org...; -Abraham -Lincoln First Inaugural Address Monday, March 4, 1861 -The Confederate States of America, 1861--1865: A History of the South by E.Merton Coulter
The generally attributed cause of the secession of the Confederate States of America is the issue of slavery and its place in the Union. The issue of state sovereignty is often cited as an alternative cause of secession. Why this is the case is beyond the scope of this debate, however I will be attempting to demonstrate that rather than seceding over state sovereignty, it was indeed the issue of slavery that incited the states of Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Confederate sympathizers in Kentucky and Missouri to attempt to leave the Union.
State sovereignty was certainly in the conscious of the South in general in the decades leading up to the Civil War. However, the issues in question for the secession was the sovereignty necessary to preserve the institution of slavery. This fact can be demonstrated by illustrating points in time in which southern states valued the preservation of slavery over, and even to the detriment of, preserving state sovereignty.
Example One: Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law
In 1850, the aging politician Henry Clay passed a compromise that he hoped would resolve the issue of slavery within the Union. The most important tenet was a fugitive slave law which required federal officials to work with citizens in recapturing and reappropriating any escaped slaves who had fled to the North. This law was highly regarded by most Southerners, as it gave value to the institution of slavery. Shortly after the passage of the act, Southern Democrats (in all parts of the South, not just the Deep South) adopted the Georgia Platform, which essentially contained a thinly veiled threat of secession occurring should the fugitive slave law not be enacted with full force.
"it is the deliberate opinion of this Convention, that upon the faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave Bill by the proper authorities depends the preservation of our much loved Union." [1]
Large amounts of Northerners would enact the process of Jury Nullification in an effort to enforce an abolitionist spirit, and many state legislatures in Northern states passed laws disabling the fugitive slave law as a form of defiance. This was a very clear example of state sovereignty being used as an agent against slavery. Therefore, if any of the states of the South had truly desired to increase state sovereignty more than they wanted to preserve slavery, there would have been no objections to these measures. However, what we instead saw was the opposite: Southerners threatened to secede because Northern states exercised their state sovereignties. For instance, in Senator Jefferson Davis' 1860 resolution, he stated that:
"the acts of State Legislatures to defeat the purpose, or nullify the requirements of that provision, and the laws made in pursuance of it, are hostile in character, subversive of the Constitution, revolutionary in their effect, and if persisted in, must sooner or later lead the States injured by such breach of the compact to exercise their judgment as to the proper mode and measure of redress." [2]
Or this newspaper from Richmond, Virginia:
"When it becomes apparent that [the Fugitive Slave Law's] operation is practically nullified by the people of one or more States, differences of opinion may arise as to the proper remedy, but one thing is certain that some ample mode of redress will be chosen, in which the South with entire unanimity will concur." [3]
Therefore it is clear that in all Southern states, not just the Deep South, the preservation of slavery was obviously prioritized over state sovereignty.
Example Two: The Confederate Constitution
The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is nearly identical to the Consitution of the United States of America, changed only in a few key areas. However, those key areas are very telling about what was valued over what. Specifically, there are numerous instances of the Confederate Constitution not only protecting the instution of slavery, but doing so at the detriment of state sovereignty.
For instance, in Article I, Sec. 9(4):
"No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro slaves shall be passed." [4]
Or in Article 4, Sec. 2(1):
"The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States; and shall have the right of transit and sojourn in any State of this Confederacy, with their slaves and other property; and the right of property in said slaves shall not be thereby impaired." [4]
And in Article 4, Sec. 3(3):
"The Confederate States may acquire new territory; and Congress shall have power to legislate and provide governments for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to the Confederate States, lying without the limits of the several Sates [sic]; and may permit them, at such times, and in such manner as it may by law provide, to form States to be admitted into the Confederacy. In all such territory the institution of negro slavery, as it now exists in the Confederate States, shall be recognized and protected be Congress and by the Territorial government; and the inhabitants of the several Confederate States and Territories shall have the right to take to such Territory any slaves lawfully held by them in any of the States or Territories of the Confederate States." [4]
There are three separate examples of the Confederate Constitution blatantly denying the right of the individual state legislatures to pass any legislation against the institution of slavery. This constitution was ratified in all of the Southern states, not just the Deep South.
Therefore, again, it is clear that in all Southern states, not just the Deep South, the preservation of slavery was obviously prioritized over state sovereignty.
Rebuttal of my opponent's argument
My opponent's argument is, in essence, that the Upper South did not secede until a call for troops which they saw as a violation of state sovereignty. There are several problems with this.
1) Although it is certainly true that in his conscription efforts Lincoln violated the War Powers clause of the Constitution, this is not a violation of state sovereignty, it is a violation of federal Separation of Powers. The power of conscription is explicitly granted to the Legislative Branch, i.e. congress, rather than the Executive Branch, i.e. the president. Lincoln acted in a way that sapped power from congress, not from the individual states.
2) This idea leans on the false idea that before the Civil War, individual states were effectively self-governing. This is an oft-cited but incorrect view. The Founding Fathers made it quite clear in the establishment of the United States that the individual states were not separate entities under a loose union. This is why a "perpetual union" is spoken of, and why for instance Alexander Hamilton states in the New York Ratification Convention that:
"a reservation of the right to withdraw [...] was inconsistent with the Constitution, and was no ratification." [5]
3) What the conscription and attack at Fort Sumter truly represented was a commitment of Lincoln to reinforce federal law within the seceding states. Since Lincoln had stated that he intented to leave slavery as it was where it existed, the Upper South states were perhaps skeptical that he would militarily intervene in the affairs of the seceding states for this reason. Afterwards, it was clear that he was intervening. The remaining states therefore believed him capable of intervening in not just secession, but the institution of slavery, as that is what the original seceding states and the Republican Party itself originally devoted their platforms and declarations to.
The actions taken by Southerners in all states before and after the secession clearly indicate that the preservation of slavery was a higher priority to them than any form of state sovereignty.
Thank you con for a great post and arguments. I must say I am very happy to have found this forum.
"Covenant with death and an agreement with hell"
-William Lloyd Garrison
The Confederate Constitution
Cons Rebuttal
2] "To coerce the states is one of the maddest projects that was ever devised... a complying state at war with a non complying state. Congress marching the troops of one state into the bosom of another? Here is a nation at war with itself. Can any reasonable man be well disposed toward a government which makes war and carnage the only means of supporting itself- a government that can exists only by the sword".
-Alexander Hamilton Northern federalist
Con claims the founding fathers were clear the states were not sovereign. To support this he quotes the one of two founders that held this view. Hamilton also wanted to rid America of elections and have a king. Since this is not the topic of the thread I shall be brief.
"Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes — delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force: that to this compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral part, its co-States forming, as to itself, the other party: that the government created by this compact was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself; since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other cases of compact among powers having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself...each party has equal right to judge for itself"
-Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison [The Father of the Constitution]
"The Union was formed by the voluntary agreement of the states; and these, in uniting together, have not forfeited their nationality, nor have they been reduced to the condition of one and the same people. If one of the states chooses to withdraw from the compact, it would be difficult to disapprove its right of doing so, and
-Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America
3] I disagree strongly. I would ask you to support your claims. Slavery was in both the northern and southerner states for the entire civil war. It was constitutionally protected, Lincoln and the north supported the Corwin amendment that would have protected slavery forever in the the U.S constitution. The 1860 republican platform plank 4 said slavery was a state issue and they would not interfere with slavery. Lincoln also said the states had the right to chose on slavery and he would not interfere with slavery.
"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere Untitled with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so"
-Abraham Lincoln Inaugural address
"Secessionists were well aware that slavery was under no immediate threat within the Union. Indeed, some anti-secessionists, especially those with the largest investment in slave property, argued that slavery was safer under the Union than in a new experiment in government."
-Clyde Wilson Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History at the University of South Carolina
Firstly, I will respond to my opponent's rebuttal of my own contentions.
Fugitive Slaw Law
My opponent states that:
"It is clear the nullification of the fugitive slave laws was not a issue to cause the upper south to leave the union. They chose to stay in the union even after northern states had done so."
However, neither upper nor deep South states left the union merely because of the nullification of the fugitive slave law. That's not why I mentioned it. My point was that this was an instance in which state sovereignty clashed with the preservation of slavery - and that in this instance, people from both the deep South and the upper South resisted in a way that showed they prioritized slavery over state sovereignty.
My opponent also states that:
"every single secession document talks of the states retaining and acting on their sovereignty."
However, examination of the specific times these terms are mentioned, such as in the Viriginia declaration of secession:
"that the Union between the State of Virginia and the other States under the Constitution aforesaid, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Virginia is in the full possession and exercise of all the rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State." [6]
Demonstrates that these terms are used to show the rights of sovereignty Viriginia gains upon becoming an independent nation, not as the natural rights a state within the Union has.
My opponent also says:
"They did not object to northern states using sovereignty, but northern states defying federal constitutional law and their rights to property."
It was not constitutional law, since it was not in the Constitution. The fugitive slave law being violated was part of the Compromise of 1850. Later in their argument, my opponent cites the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves as valid and legal. These resolves support the right of a state to Nullification. If one belives this, one has to believe that the nullification of the fugitive slave law is perfectly legal. My opponent has shot themselves in the foot with this inconsistency.
Confederate Constitution
My opponent accuses me of not including important parts of the CSA Constitution that reinforce state sovereignty. It is important to note that most Southern states did value a certain degree of autonomy, and I would not deny that. However, citing non-slavery related articles to support the contention that the Confederate Constitution valued state sovereignty above slavery is meaningless. My contention was that in the Confederate Constitution, several times the institution of slavery is granted priority over state sovereignty.
To point out that:
"The states of the CSA had the right to coin money."
Is a non sequitur.
Also, I should mention that the 10th Amendment as described is the same as in the United States Constitution.
My opponent states certain desires of Southern states and the implications of the certain cited bills, but with neither context nor citations to support this. The quote of the Virginia supreme court case has no citation and lacks context. Given that it does not state the word slavery or anything related, it could be about nearly anything.
My opponent states that the CSA Constitution copied the USA Constitution's clause on slaveholding being a state issue. This is not true, and was even decided in the US Supreme Court in the famous Dred Scott decision:
"The body which gives the supreme law of the land, has just acceded to their demands, and dared to declare that under the charter of the Nation, men of African descent are not citizens of the United States and can not be" [7]
That decision demonstrated that under the US Constitution (and by extension the CSA Constitution which kept the related clauses) the only way slavery could be abolished at all was by constitutional amendment. Which is, of course, how it eventually was ended.
1)My opponent states that:
"the use of the volunteers to suppress the cotton states was the major violation of state sovereignty."
How so? Secession was not a legal right of a state government, and therefore the territories of the South were in rebellion. As Commander in Chief, Lincoln had a responsiblity to bring the rebellious states back in the Union. An objection to this would be to state that before the Civil War, states were sovereign to the degree that they could declare a secession legally, but that brings us to the second point:
2)In order to prove that the states were separate sovereign entities, my opponent cites two things - the Viriginia and Kentucky Resolves and Democracy in America. My opponent acts as though these have equal authority to the source I have cited, the New York Ratification Convention.
However, it is important to note that firstly, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves were written as an objection to the Alien and Sedition Acts, and argued that states had the right to declare pieces of legislation unconstitutional. They were later cited during the 1830 Nullification Crisis as an argument against the Tariff of Abominations. But in neither of these cases was the application of the resolves successful or legally binding. The Alien and Sedition Acts were repealed under the Jefferson administration upon his election in 1800, and the Tariff of Abominations was removed through a federal compromise. To imply that the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves had any legal power is ludicrous.
Further, citing Jefferson as an authority on the Constitution is dubious considering he was not present at the Constitutional Convention.
As for James Madison, note that in a letter to Hamilton he wrote:
"the Constitution requires an adoption in toto, and for ever" [8]
Secondly, while Democracy in America was a politically significant work, it is also not legally binding.
On the contrary, the New York Ratification Convention was an event that actually set the constitution in place, and therefore is very legally binding.
Lastly, George Washington, president of the Constitutional convention, had this to say about it:
"In all our deliberations on this subject [the perpetuity of the government] we kept constantly in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national existence" [9]
States could not slip out of the Union at will at any point in history. Plain and simple.
3) My opponent cites here the positions of the Republican Party on slavery. To be clear: it is completely true that before and at the beginning of the Civil War, the Republicans had no intentions of imposing abolition. However, it is not true that Southerners believed them. After all, the Deep South certainly seceded over slavery, and why would they if they believed the Republican's promise not to end slavery.
The reason is context. In 1856 the Republican Party put forward the radical John C. Fremont as their candidate, and he did intend to abolish slavery (this was before the Dred Scott decision). This alienated most moderates, including the smaller American Party which would have been more sympathetic to the Republican cause otherwise. In order to attract more voters in the next election, the Republicans chose a the comparatively moderate Lincoln as their candidate.[10]
Of course, Southerners remembered Fremont and knew this was just a ploy to gain moderate votes. If they'd believed Lincoln's promises not to end slavery, why would they have refused to put him on the ballots? Why would they have then seceded when he won? The answer is that even if Lincoln himself did not want to immediately end slavery, he did want to prevent its expansion. And every new free state was another two senators and member of the house who were against slavery to them, which only signalled that at some point, an amendment would be passed. That is why they saw Lincoln as the beginning of the end.
[10]Battle Cry of Freedom, James McPherson
I would first like to thank Tokamak for presenting the con in this argument and doing it so well. Your attitude, debating skills and arguments are a vast improvement over the forums I have been on. If this is the norm, I look forward to future debates on this thread. I also want to apologize for my struggle with the font and spacing. This is my first debate and I believe I have it down know. I also regret not going last so I must base this post and conclusion on what has already been said.
I agree that the republicans running against the expansion of slavery was a cause for the deep south to leave the union. I would disagree that slavery was the only cause for the deep south to or even the major cause. Perhaps you would like to debate that issue in time.
"Your requisition is illegal, unconstitutional, revolutionary, inhuman, diabolical, and cannot be complied with"
-Missouri Governor Jackson Response to Lincolns call for Volunteers
Thank you as well, you have made a professional and challenging debate.
Fugitive Slave Law
First let me point out a few things.
"The debate is what caused the upper south to leave the union, the fugitive slave law is not it."
I'm not saying that it is, I'm trying to point out what the Southern states prioritized. Also, as mentioned before, people from the upper South did threaten to secede if Northern states continued to nullify the fugitive slave law. See the Richmond newspaper for an example.
"the south's priority was their own states [not northern states] sovereignty. "
The problem with this is that it's inconsistent. You state that Southern states did care about sovereignty for other states when Lincoln made his troop call, but that they don't care about having state sovereignty when Northern states nullify the fugitive slave law. Obviously there must be some reason for this divide. And in the end, it's obvious - slavery. Southern states were in favor of state sovereignty when it wasn't opposed to the institution of slavery but against it when it interfered. My opponent is merely revealing this discrepency more, and therefore again revealing that slavery was prioritized over anything else. As James McPherson puts it:
"On all issues but one, antebellum southerners stood for state's rights and a weak federal government. The exception was the fugitive slave law of 1850, which gave the national government more power than any other law yet passed by Congress." [11]
My opponent argues that the states delegate power to the federal government. While this is true in a sense, it is only true in that the Constitutional Convention had representatives from individual states, as those were the governmental powers under the previous system, the Articles of Confederation. The power is truly delegated to a government by its people, without a middleman. Further, as I showed before with my quotes from Hamilton, Madison, and Washington, the founding fathers were under no delusions that this government could be reversed on a whim by the states.
My opponent supports the state delegation assertion with three quotes. The first is again from the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, which, as I discussed before, do not have any legal sway and were firmly rejected both times they were used. The second quote states that the powers are delegated by the Constitution, not the states. The third states that the power comes from the people, and not the states themselves.
As for the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law, my opponent is confusing two separate legal entities. Perhaps it's a bit disingenuous to say "the fugitive slave law" when there are two - one established in the Constitution, and a far stricter one established in the Compromise of 1850. It is the latter to which I have been referring, not the former.
And lastly, on the topic of the "shooting yourself in the foot." I do not buy into the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, and have stated why already. What I was saying was that if you believe them - which you seem to - then you must believe that what Northern states was doing was perfectly legal. However, Southerners did not think this, as I have shown before. Therefore, you cannot use the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves. Also, it is again evidence that Southerners only supported state sovereignty when it did not interfere with slavery.
Confederate Constitution
My opponent states that
"To abolish or allow slavery in both the CSA and US constitution, was to be decided by the states, not the federal government. "
No, not at all. As I stated before, the Dred Scott decision explicitly proved that slavery could only be abolished by constitutional amendment, i.e. it required federal governmental action as well. Had the CSA truly valued state sovereignty over slavery they would have rewritten this clause. They did not.
1) As I stated earlier, there is an inconsistency in saying that the upper South did care about other state's rights when Lincoln called for troops against the Deep south but that they didn't care about state's rights when the North nullified the fugitive slave law. And that this inconsistency vanishes if the upper South only cared about state's rights when it didn't interfere with slavery. Regardless of whether the secession was legal.
2) I also do not think Northerners were legal in their nullification of the fugitive slave law. I'm just using it as an example.
3) No, the deep South definitely seceded over slavery. Of that there is no question. Just look at their own words:
Mississippi declaration of secession:
"Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery-- the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth." [12]
Texas declaration of secession:
"Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated Union to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquility and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution, under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the compact of annexation, that she should enjoy these blessings. She was received as a commonwealth holding, maintaining and protecting the institution known as negro slavery-- the servitude of the African to the white race within her limits-- a relation that had existed from the first settlement of her wilderness by the white race, and which her people intended should exist in all future time." [12]
South Carolina declaration of secession:
"an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the institution of slavery, has led to a disregard of their obligations, and the laws of the General Government have ceased to effect the objects of the Constitution." [12]
But I digress. As you said, this is about the upper South. As for them, they had an economic livelihood coming not directly through crops harvested from slavery (though that was still a large industry), but rather through the selling of existing slaves to plantations in the Deep South, where slavery was growing more and being relocated to.
Before Fort Sumter and the following declaration of war, it seemed possible that Lincoln might leave the seceding states either by letting them go or allowing slavery to exist through plans like the Crittenden Compromise. If this was the case, then Upper South states need not worry, as their economic livelihood through slave selling wouldn't be threatened. However, following the declaration of war, slavery seemed to be under attack - and thus the upper South had to secede.
What Was Lost
My opponent then insinuates again the popular, but wrong, view that the federal government was somehow strengthened in a way unheard of before the Civil War by Lincoln. Firstyl, the state sovereignty ideal hoisted immediately before the Civil War was not an extension of the Constitution, it was a move away from it.
"Descending from these general principles, we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual confirmed by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation in 1778. And finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was "to form a more perfect Union."
-Abraham Lincoln, March 4, 1861
Southern states had rallied against national consolidation of power over the decades leading up to the Civil War, beginning with the Nullification Crisis of 1830. To wit:
"The strengthening of national power in the 1860s reflected, in part, the restoration of the political situation that had existed before the South began to impose its deadening hand on the Union in the thirty years before the war." [13]
Nullification was not a common tool used by states. It was asserted few times, and when it was it was always highly contested, and rarely successful.
As for the first two quotes that follow, while it is impossible to know without context, I would venture to guess that those quotes are not referring to a post-Civil War increase in national power, but rather the increase in federal influence through programs like the Progressive Era, New Deal, and Great Society.
As for the last quote, it's individual points have been addressed, but I would like to point out that it is confederate apologia.
I believe that it is certainly true that the South valued state sovereignty. However, there are times when they did not - those times were when it was in conflict with the institution of slavery. I have expressed multiple examples in this debate of when this occurred.
My opponent has presented a distorted view of national government's power through early US history, and one which is mainly touted by confederate apologia. I have done my best to point out why it is not true.
Please vote Con.
has started.
>Reported vote: migmag// Mod action: Removed<
7 points to Con. Reasons for voting decision: well done
[*Reason for removal*] Not an RFD.
I also want to mention boy it is hard going first. As the opponent gets the last say in and you cant respond. Hard to deal with but i love the debate format on this site. Thanks for your comments that should very much help me improve.
Conduct: This point goes to con. The conduct in this debate was quite good by both sides until the final round. Following his conclusion, the Pro added another section titled "What was lost." This segment was not an argument in the debate nor was it a rebuttal to anything said by the Con. This was effectively an editorial comment by the Pro on his view the post civil war federal government. This is a clear violation of debate etiquette. It is inappropriate to post any thing after the conclusion other than technical notes, your sources or thanking your opponent. Making an editorial comment unrelated in anyway to the debate.
This is not to say that the con was without fault,max the con did make snide and snarky comments in the debate.
Spelling and Grammar: Both sides had several spelling and grammar errors, however none were very significant and Spelling and grammar was fairly good on both sides.
Arguments: Con wins on arguments. The con showed how sovereignty was a major issue to the upper southern states defined in the resolution. He backed up his claims using primary sources from each of the states in question. The con's argument that slavery was the cause of secession may be valid for the cotton states (as the Pro acknowledged), however the Con never responds to the arguments made by the Pro on the individual states which chose to secede. While Slavery may have been the overall catalyst which led to the civil war, the upper southern states did not secede because of that issue, as demonstrated by the Pro.
Sources: This point goes to the pro as the Pro used much better sources, and relied heavily on primary sources, such as the declarations of secession by these states. The Cons sources were comparatively lacking in context and relevance.


text:
I am wayyy too hard on myself and trying not to be. I've been that way all my life, and it has held me back because I stop a lot of things that I want to do. I am out of college, and getting my head right for my career, and building my dreams. I have gotten a bit better over the past few months and have been feeling a little better lately, like stones being slowly cracked off. Like I can breathe a little better, and it feels a bit like taking chains off.
|I should have added an older pic of me!
I just want to shop. Update a lot of things, get supplies, shoes, camera, etc. Need to look spiffy as a college grad. :p And start up some more things.
Things seem to go by so slowly. Driving me crazy. Maybe I am just overlooking some things.
Besides all of that, Gal VIP has a ParaPara contest!
Registration opens March 1st and is open to every Gal worldwide.
Download the information PDF available now for more information:

subset: commoncrawl


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There was a recent article on the CBC website about Grow Regina .
You can Read it here and also view the short video they produced here.
Important Info and Dates to Share
Hello Gardeners!
** Garden assignments and a map are posted on the south shed **
1) Water will be turned on by the City the week before the May long weekend - so the week of May 15th! Wow - so early!!
2) "Gardeners Walkabouts" will be held on Wed May 10th 6:30 pm and Sunday May 14th at 2pm. These are intended as tours for new gardeners to share all the information about Grow Regina, help finding your plot, etc., but of course all are welcome.
3) It is wonderful to see garden plots being cleared and dug. Just a reminder that there is NO garbage pick up for the gardens. Please take your own garbage and compost home to deal with. Emterra green bins (for compostable waste) will be installed later in May / June. If you are interested in joining the Grow Regina compost committee, please contact Susanne at email@example.com - ONLY compost committee members may add to the N end compost bins. Please do NOT leave any garbage or garden wastes at any of the sheds - thank you!
4) Dandelions are here! Please remember that you are responsible to keep your paths as well as your gardens clean of weeds. From the edge of your plot, out to the middle of the path (unless you have no garden neighbour on the other side of your path -- then please do the whole width of the path.) Thanks for your help in keeping our paths lovely and clean. (More crusher dust for the paths will be coming later in the season.)
5) Anyone who feels like coming out to dig some dandelions from the common paths at the front of the garden, I'm going to start in the Accessible (raised beds) garden area (Queen Street edge of garden), at 3pm on Sunday May 14th just after the walkabout. See you there - bring your favorite weed digging tool! (Hey, we all celebrate Mother's Day in our own way :)
More emails to come -- Flower bed committee will be meeting, as well as the 10th Anniversary planning committee - stay tuned!
- Yvette
Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/grow.regina
Comments are closed.


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When you're joking around with your friends, you'll need some clever comebacks in order to make them laugh. Sometimes it's hard to think on the spot, so it's helpful to have some phrases picked out ahead of time. Here are some clever comebacks that you can use the next time you're playfully arguing with your pals. Just make sure that you don't actually hurt their feelings in the process, because these phrases are meant to be fun, not hurtful.
1. Two Faces in One Woman
"If you're going to be two-faced, at least make one of them pretty." This is one of the clever comebacks that you can use when your friend keeps changing her attitude. If you can't tell what she's really thinking, because she keeps acting like a different person, then use this phrase on her. Of course, make it obvious that you're joking. You don't want to turn your playful banter into an actual fight.


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American Idol Final 8
We lost Nadia this week :bigcry: , though to be honest I would have been far more disappointed if we had lost Bo. Of course he did sing Freebird almost exactly as we have all heard it ten million plus times, and for that I could see him getting voted off.
Nadia on the other hand sang a song by Crystal Gayle. I know who that is because I was enthralled with her very long hair when I was 3 or 4. I never liked her music though, and did not care for the song Nadia sang. Plus I have no sympathy for the "God has a plan for me/Whatever happens is God's will" sentiment. There are so many things wrong with that idea. I always sound like an intolerant jerk when I go off on stuff like that so I'll leave it alone for now.
Anthony improved by leaps and bounds over last week and still was not even remotely enjoyable to listen to or watch. Thats because "Climb every mountain" from last week was just really that bad. This week he sang "Every time you go away." I really don't get what people see in him. It must be a Clay Aiken resemblance or something. If he actually sounded like Clay, and wasn't so goofy when he's trying to dance on stage, I'd like him too. By the way this week's theme was "song's from the year you were born." It was actually the producer's way of slipping in a mid-70's to mid 80's theme night.
Anwar sang "I know I'll never love this way again." It was the same story as weeks past - sad dramatic song, big grin. Okay, he was better this week. This song was much more interesting than the one last week about not leaving you in the springtime :sleep: . Yet somehow (and I hate to sound like Randy Jackson but...) it just doesn't work for me. I want to see people that look like they mean the words coming out of their mouths, and Anwar just cannot pull off sincerity in his performances. He looks like a sincere guy in general, but he also looks like he's entirely oblivious to the meaning of the words coming out of his mouth. I bet you could substitue "I know I'll never love this way again" with "It's time to kill all the polar bears," and he'd look (and it would sound) exactly the same.
Vonzell sang "Let's hear it for the Boy," which happens to be the best 80's song ever -or perhaps it was simply my favorite song in elementary school and I now have a nostalgic attachment to it (same difference). She sounded and looked great, once again.
Carrie blew me away singing "Love is a Battlefield." She sounded just like Pat Benatar. Let me stress this fact: Carrie sounded like Pat Benatar. It was awesome. She still cannot emote the song in her face well at all, but all the emotions of the song were there in her voice -which was really astounding (and kind of confusing). Still it had to be one of Carrie's all time best performances. The judges did not notice this fact because they were to distracted with "What happened to the sweet innocent country girl box we had Carrie in." How are they ever going to market someone who doesn't fit into a nice convenient little box? (Who am I kidding of course they will shove her back in the box if she wins.)
Scott Savol sang "She's Gone" by Hall & Oates who were conveniently watching from the audience. If you took out the verses and just listened to the chorus, it was a great performance. If you listen to only the other part you would be wondering how this guy got on TV. It was kind of like "eek ike ick eek ahhhhhhhhhh eeck ick ike oh ouch ahhhhhhhhhhhhhh."
The best performance of the night goes once again to Constantine who sang Bohemian Rhapsody. The fact that he actually pulled off that song was an amazing feat in and of itself. He also has a slight edge on Carrie because he can fully perform a song, with his face, with his movements, and with his voice. It was close though. Both of them pulled off amazingly challenging over-the-top rock songs. Still Constantine's polished performance, and subtlety with that song was really really cool. I'm still wondering what happened to the irritating, whiney, can't sing in tune Constantine that we were exposed to in the early rounds.
I'm actually kind of hoping he doesn't win so that we don't have to be exposed to the cheesy b.s. that studio 19 comes out with when they attempt to write songs for and market a "Rocker." That's another rant for another day.
I have never understood the
I have never understood the obsession with Freebird. The same goddamn three chords over and over and over.
Yep, it still looks like
Yep, it still looks like Carrie (who was looking mighty fine) and Constantine are still in the drivers' seats, with Vonzell possibly being the darkhorse Cinderella candidate. Barring any "shockers", Anwar, Scott, Anthony, and Bo will all fight over who places 4th through 7th.
Although she wouldn't have made it to the finals anyway, Nadia went too prematurally. IMO, Scott and Anwar should've been shown the door before her.
WHY did Bo sing "Freebird"?!
WHY did Bo sing "Freebird"?! WHY?? This song prominently features one of the worst lines ever written for a pop song ("And this bird you cannot change" :wall:), and it features it REPEATEDLY! In fact, if whatever company that owns the recording were to issue a version with most of the vocal sections cut but the guitar soloing left intact, the song would be substantially improved. That's not true of all Skynyrd songs, but it's true of "Freebird."
Anthony already has his niche cut out for him - adult contemporary - and he probably knows it. He's the next Phil Collins or Peter Cetera, except without the prog-rock background. :razz:


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Patricio Wise, co-owner of the new Roseville taqueria Nixtaco, sets lofty culinary goals. But these days, they're simply high rather than close to impossible.
Wise, 33, has built a career in banking and high finance, first in his native Monterrey, Mexico, and now in Roseville, where he moved in 2010. "But food has been my passion for as long as I can remember," he said.
He learned basics from family members as a kid. In his mid-20s, he became more serious, and set about teaching himself to cook via "The French Laundry Cookbook." He and his wife, Cinthia Martinez, 33, started a private supper club, based on those complex Thomas Keller recipes, in Monterrey, a large, industry-heavy northeastern Mexican city that at the time was light on fine-dining options, Wise said.
"I picked five (French Laundry) dishes, and well, I was learning to cook, and it was a very enlightening experience," Wise said with a laugh while standing behind the counter of Nixtaco, a cleanly designed, modern-looking 58-seat space in an unassuming shopping center on Cirby Way. "I was close to saying, 'Let's just order some pizza.' "
Wise "pulled through" and completed the dishes, which he served to members of the dining club, all friends. But he recognized he "couldn't follow those recipes without some foundations," he said. So he bought Culinary Institute of America textbooks to study.
The dinner parties became weekly events with a four-month waiting list. Wise eventually opened a steak and seafood restaurant in Monterrey, where reality once again set in.
"Barbecue is very big in Monterrey, but they like skirt steak well done," Wise said. At his steakhouse, "I was trying to introduce a properly cooked steak – two inches (thick) medium rare." Yet some customers still ordered their steaks Monterrey-style. Wise, now officially in the hospitality business, would comply, though "something would cringe up inside me when (a customer) would order a rib-eye well-done," he said.
But Wise had turned other diners into fans of pink-in-the-middle, quality steak – all while maintaining his job in finance. In 2010, he took another job in that field in Roseville, where he and Martinez live with their three young children.
Now Wise is out to convert people who equate Mexican food with enchilada plates smothered in jack cheese to try Nixtaco's artisanal menu, which features tortillas made fresh from heirloom Mexican corn, queso fundido with cheese from Placer County's Long Dream Farm, and aguichile verde, a ceviche-like dish of raw shrimp and tomatillo and red onion pickled in lime.
Tacos are $3.50. Fillings include asado norteño (pork shoulder), rajas con queso (poblano peppers with corn, cream and cheese) and chicken with a 50-plus-ingredient mole sauce that's made in-house. Plus two Monterrey favorites altered slightly due to ingredient availability – chicharrón, with pork belly instead of pork jowl, and barbacoa made from short-rib rather than cow's head.
Wise came to Roseville for his job as head of market risk and trading for TRC Trading Corp. But his love for food traveled with him to the Sacramento region, whose Mexican offerings were unlike those in Monterrey. So he's now juggling a full-time job – which he works from early morning until mid-afternoon on weekdays – with family responsibilities and running a restaurant to try to deliver Mexican cuisine that Wise said is "not like everybody else's."
Here, it's "either American chains or American chain wannabes," Wise said. "Or a restaurant owned by a family who are probably second- or third-generation (descendants) of immigrants from the (western) regions of Jalisco or Michoacán … who came up to work the farms. And that's good – I love carnitas. But it's all the same."
Nixtaco's limited menu offers items "like we would eat in Monterrey," Wise said. Those include dishes originally from Oaxaca (mole) and Mazatlán (the aguichile verde and "Mazatlán style" shrimp tacos) that have become common in Monterrey restaurants over the years.
Wise and Martinez began seeking restaurant spaces in 2014, without success, because many shopping centers already have Mexican restaurants, and noncompetition rules, in place, Wise said. So they catered, and set up a 10-by-10-foot tent under which they served tacos at farmers markets in Auburn and Granite Bay. They finally snagged the Cirby Way spot, formerly home to a Thai restaurant, in December.
Nixtaco had built enough buzz as a brand by then that the line of customers was out the door when the taqueria opened. They also had received help, along the way, from a key player in the region's restaurant scene: Mike Fagnoni, executive chef and co-owner of Hawks in Granite Bay and Hawks Provisions and Public House in Sacramento.
Fagnoni and Wise are friends who first met through a CrossFit program and both frequented Roseville's Final Gravity Tap Room & Bottle Shop. When Wise needed a commissary for his pop-up and catering business, he used the Granite Bay Hawks kitchen. Through this arrangement, Fagnoni now has a stake in Nixtaco.
Fagnoni said he has been too busy with getting the 7-month-old Sacramento Hawks up and running to take more than an advisory role thus far, but that he plans to become more active with Nixtaco in the future.
"It's definitely a different style than any taqueria in California," Fagnoni said. Wise is "grinding his own mole, and using meats that you are not classically going to get. … And I don't know of anybody else buying and cooking their own corn and then grinding it and making fresh tortillas anywhere in the region."
Through a company called Masienda that also supplies culinary hotspots such as Broken Spanish and Taco Maria in Southern California and Cosme in New York City, Wise gets heirloom corn that is dried in its stalks before individual kernels are removed and placed in bags like those stacked near the kitchen at Nixtaco. Wise cooks the corn in water with lime (calcium oxide) at night and then rinses it and grinds it in a special volcanic rock mill. Every tortilla is made to order on Nixtaco's grill.
The taqueria's name, Wise said, is a portmanteau of "nixtamal" – or "tortillas made from real masa that hasn't been dehydrated into a flour and then rehydrated," he said – and taco.
"People think my name is Nick," he said.
Martinez runs the front of the house, a role she first assumed at those supper-club dinners in Monterrey at their home. "I would come home from work at about 7 p.m., and start vacuuming, ironing the table cloths, the napkins – everything," she said.
She was not officially part of the Monterrey steak restaurant because, she, like her husband, had two jobs at the time. She was in charge of entertainment at the Monterrey amusement park KidZania, and ran a dance studio with her sister. But she used her customer-service expertise to help train waiters at the Monterrey place, and would run the occasional errand for Wise.
Owning a restaurant was never in her plans but she's "all in," she said. "I support everything he does."
The pair married eight years ago.
They both came from homes where "usually nobody" from the family cooked, Wise said: "Most households at our socioeconomic level, they have a cook and a maid."
But on Sundays, when the extended family gathered for an after-mass meal, his mother, grandmother and, occasionally, his father cooked. He learned from all of them, Wise said.
Their families are back in Monterrey, which Wise and Martinez had wanted to leave six years ago partly because cartels were running rampant.
"Security was really bad," Wise said. "You would hear a story about somebody who has a cousin who knew somebody who was kidnapped or killed, and then we started hearing, 'Well, my friend got kidnapped or killed.' Nightlife died."
Though things since have improved, people are still cautious, he said. The nightlife scene will never be the same as it was when he and Martinez were in their early 20s. "It was like Sixth Street, in Austin (Texas, about 375 miles from Monterrey), but on steroids," Wise said.
Some Nixtaco dishes, like bone marrow, are known as hangover remedies back home, to be consumed on a Saturday after a Friday night out. But they're also staples of those multi-course Sunday meals with family.
To Michelle Rodgers of Antelope, dining at Nixtaco for the first time on a recent Thursday evening with her husband, Vaughn, the food just tasted of Mexico. She used to live in Veracruz, she said, but traveled to other regions.
"This is definitely northern (Mexico)," she said after sampling several tacos. "We can't decide which (menu item) we like more. The mole isn't overpowering, and there's meat in the chicharrón. It's not all fat, and it's flavored nicely," she said.
"You don't get flavors like this here."
Carla Meyer: 916-321-1118, @CarlaMeyerSB
What: Counter-service taqueria serving tacos and appetizers.
Where: 1805 Cirby Way, No. 12, Roseville
Hours: 11 a.m.-9 p.m. Tuesday, 11 a.m.-10:30 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday. 11-3 p.m. Sunday
Cost: Appetizers are $12 or less. Tacos are $3.50, four for $12.50 or 12 for $36. Draft beer is $6.50 or less.
Information: nixta.co, 916-771-4165


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Cotswold Outdoor, the multi-award winning retailer, has today launched their new social media campaign: #TheKitMuseum. The campaign encourages everyone to share the great stories behind their favourite piece of kit on Instagram or Facebook and explain why it deserves to be honoured. The best entries will win a piece of brand new kit from Cotswold Outdoor's Autumn/Winter range and feature on the brand's Instagram, Facebook, plus online via cotswoldoutdoor.com/
Those boots you took around the world? An unbreakable rucksack gifted by your Grandad? A set of lucky trekking poles that you refuse to replace? Cotswold Outdoor calls for all outdoor enthusiasts to share their photo and unique story behind their favourite kit via Instagram or Facebook. To enter, all you need to do is share a beautiful shot that illustrates your kit's amazing story and use #TheKitMuseum.
During the month-long campaign, Cotswold Outdoor will pick a new winner each week. Winners will be featured on Cotswold Outdoor's Instagram, Facebook and on their special Kit Museum page on the website. To create new memories, a brand new piece of kit from the Autumn/Winter range can be picked up from a local Cotswold Outdoor store by the winner. Prizes that are up for grabs include a Rab Continuum jacket (RRP £250), Fitbit Iconic (RRP £300), GoPro Hero 5 Session (RRP £299.99) and Garmin Vivioactive 3 GPS (RRP £280). Terms and conditions apply.


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Subscribe to the YouTube channel to receive updates on new videos.
Comment, like, and share the videos with everyone you've ever met in life. Thank you, that is all.
Traveling the world, learning languages, and immersing myself in new cultures.
Do you know Navarra Better than me? Have you been to all of these places? Where else should I visit?
¿Conoces Navarra mejor que yo? ¿Has estado en todos estos lugares? ¿Dónde más debo visitar?
From 24 hours of daylight in the summer and only a few hours of daylight in the winter, to the salmon fishing and moose hunting, Alaska is an outdoorsmen's dream and full of ways to get in touch with nature.
Do you speak English? Parlez-vous français? ¿Hablas español?
Exploring and learning new languages in a fun and interesting way!
Did you know I moved to Spain and worked as an au pair for one year? Learn more about it now!
Functional fitness + outdoors + with friends = an amazing and HEALTHY time!
Ejercicio en inglés, al aire libre y con amigos. Divertido y sano.
Check us on Facebook @TrainwithTMax
|Photo credit Into the Raw
|Ainhoa and I watching the almadías go down the river
|Use promo code: TMAXNYE18 for a 75% discount! That's just $15 just for you!


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I love this video, had to watch it a few times.
7 comments:
- Christine Adams said...
That's hillarious! Or in their own words - it POWERFUL! LOL!
I needed that break! Thanks for sharing!
- November 18, 2009 at 2:55 PM
- Kathy and Bobber-Wobbers said...
....aaaahhhh how cool was THAT!!??? Thanks!!
- November 18, 2009 at 6:06 PM
- Candice Schwartz said...
OMG I got a good laugh out of this one thanks for sharing.
- November 19, 2009 at 4:38 AM
- Superjaxster said...
My fave part is the guy on his desk upside down. lol! Did these people get fired, bc I thought I heard something about that?
- November 19, 2009 at 11:00 AM
- Phoenix said...
This is hysterical! Loved every second. Thanks for sharing.
- November 19, 2009 at 12:48 PM
- The Vintage Vignette said...
Aaah...County workers and our tax dollars...gotta love it!! :)
- November 24, 2009 at 6:19 PM
This made me seriously giggle! Loved it and by golly, why not have a little fun at the office now and then!
- November 27, 2009 at 2:18 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text: A go-to for style-savvy girls who require dress sizes 10 to 20, Violeta by Mango is a diffusion brand from Spanish highstreet label Mango. Known for refined collections of trend-led clothing and timeless accessories, Mango has been loved by fashionable men and women around the world since its launch in 1995. From flowing pashminas to snuggly knits, Violeta by Mango scarves are sumptuously soft and effortlessly wearable. The perfect finishing touch to day and evening outfits, these high quality accessories are an easy update to cool wardrobes.


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28 Oct
12 Facts that'll make you swoon over Delhi Metro
Overcrowded, mechanical glitches, technical failures and swarmed with burglars, is this all we know about Delhi Metro? Well, think again. If this is it, why don't you give your daily metro ride a miss? The truth is a lot more...
Read more »
Read more »


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My Fundraising Page
Feb 05, 2018
I think it is time to try a Triathlon again and kick cancer's ass! That means only one thing, start training and raising money for the cause. Please help, no donation is too small.
The picture on the Right is from 5 years ago of my wife holding our granddaughter for the first time. On the Left is a recent picture of the same granddaughter visiting my Mom. My wife is 5 years cancer free from Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma and my Mom has finished her treatment for the same disease. She is now in remission!
It takes more than one person to make up a team and that's why I'm asking you to donate to my TNT fundraising page for TNT!
On March 25th, 2018 I will race in the Waikoloa Triathlon. A .9 mile swim followed by a 25 mile bike ride follwed by a 6.2 mile run. Sounds like fun, right? Like the other members of TNT, I will be raising funds to help find cures and better treatments for leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloma. I'm improving the quality of my life by participating and with your support, I can help improve the quality of life for patients and their families as well.
Your donation will help fund treatments that save lives every day; like immunotherapies that use a person's own immune system to kill cancer. You may not know it, but every single donation helps save a life with breakthrough therapies such as these.
Patients need these cures and they need your support.
Please make a donation in support of my efforts with Team In Training and help get us all closer to a world without blood cancers.
Still not convinced to donate? Watch this short video. Almost all the funding came from LLS
Your donation is tax deductable. The number for LLS is 13-5644916
Thank you!0


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As your business grows, you can end up spending more time managing your store than you do growing sales, building your brand or talking to customers. That's where James comes in.
James is your partner in automating repetitive work. It takes routine tasks off your plate so you can save time and focus on other aspects of your business. Just set up your automations with a few clicks and let them run in the background automatically.
It all starts with an event in your store. For example, you can create an automation that begins "when a customer makes an order" and then performs one or more actions chosen by you. Action examples include "update an order's note", "hide a product from your store" or "send an email". Every action James performs is another action you don't have to do manually.
With James, you can build the perfect automation for any situation. Here are a few ideas to help inspire you:
Create your first automation and start saving time today. And if you have any questions or ideas about how I can make the app better, please let me know.
Also, if you need a custom automation for your store, I can implement it for you. Contact me at email@example.com and I'll give you a quote.


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Well, here's one I'm not all that happy about. Sometimes price action is on your side, sometimes it isn't – this time, it wasn't. Those who picked up on the GBPUSD long entry I got into early in the week Continue Reading
Right then. Here's one I highlighted last night as being one to keep an eye on – a GBPUSD long. Action yesterday (and I'm talking here up until about mid afternoon US/ early evening UK) looked as though Continue Reading
Here's another one for us to keep an eye on as things play out this evening. It's a cable long, and it's caught my attention based on the pin bar we are seeing on the daily chart. The cable has Continue Reading


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… for Dachs operators:
Already own a Dachs? Click here to go to the DachsPortal with information, support and news about the Dachs.
… for Dachs partners:
Are you a heating installer or specialised tradesperson and already a member of the Dachs partner network? Click here to go to our Partner Area.


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Health officials believe that an outbreak of fungal meningitis originated with contaminated medications from a Massachusetts pharmacy. The outbreak has sickened more than three hundred people in at least eighteen U.S. states, with twenty-four reported deaths. About five percent of the reported cases are in Maryland. The pharmacy that produced the drugs believed to be the source of the infection, according to authorities, has a history of regulatory compliance issues. Lawsuits against the pharmacy have already begun, but some plaintiffs are reportedly also suing their doctors, combining legal theories of products liability and medical negligence.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the outbreak originated from contaminated vials of methylprednisolone acetate, a steroid-based medication used in treatment of back pain. As of October 24, 2012, the CDC had received reports of 328 cases in eighteen states. The worst-hit states at the time were Michigan, with eighty cases; and Tennessee, with seventy. Maryland had seventeen reported cases, while Virginia had forty-three and Washington DC apparently had none.
"Meningitis" refers to several types of infections of the spinal cord. Fungal meningitis is rarer than the viral or bacterial varieties, and unlike those types, fungal meningitis is not contagious person-to-person. It is generally transmitted by the introduction of one of several types of fungi to the bloodstream, where it then spreads to the spinal cord. The CDC identified Exserohilum rostratum as the likely culprit in this outbreak. Symptoms include neck stiffness, which is common to most forms of meningitis, headaches, fever, light sensitivity, and nausea. In some cases, it can cause altered mental states. It can be fatal for some patients, particularly those with weakened immune systems.
Health officials identified a pharmacy in Massachusetts, New England Compounding Center (NECC), as the likely source of the contamination in September 2012. The pharmacy recalled three lots of methylprednisolone acetate on September 26. It has since shut down all operations, and healthcare facilities have been advised to inspect any medications obtained from there.
A compounding center differs from a retail pharmacy in that they often formulate custom drugs for specific patients according to doctor instructions. They also provide medications that are subject to shortages and therefore not available to retail pharmacies. The FDA has stated that at least eighty-nine Maryland healthcare facilities obtained drugs from NECC. The risk of a medication error is different in a compounding center, where errors or contamination can occur during the compounding process. NECC has a history of complaints from state and federal health officials, according to news reports
Several people allegedly sickened by methylprednisolone acetate compounded at NECC have filed suit against the company. Some of them have reportedly also sued the doctor or facility that prescribed or administered the drug. This creates an unusual combination of legal theories. A claim against NECC would likely rely on a strict products liability theory, as NECC was the manufacturer of the compounded drug. NECC would therefore be liable for damages caused by a defective product. A claim against a doctor would require evidence of failure to investigate the safety of the medications diligently. Given the alleged history of regulatory problems at the pharmacy, it may be a reasonable claim.
The Maryland attorneys at Lebowitz & Mzhen can assist victims of medication errors, who have been injured by drugs prescribed, dispensed, or administered incorrectly. Contact us today online or at (800) 654-1949 for a free and confidential consultation to discuss your case.
More Blog Posts:
Maryland Hospital Patients Possibly Affected by Radiology Technician Suspected in Hepatitis C Outbreak, Pharmacy Error Injury Lawyer Blog, August 30, 2012
Drug Manufacturer Recalls Vaccine Due to Expired Ingredients, Pharmacy Error Injury Lawyer Blog, April 6, 2012
Hospitals and Pharmacies Hit by Nationwide Drug Shortages, Pharmacy Error Injury Lawyer Blog, November 3, 2011
Photo credit: 'Microbiologist 01' by James Gathany, Content Providers(s): CDC/ Maryam I. Daneshvar, Ph.D. Transwiki approved by: w:en:User:Dmcdevit [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.


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Delilah Weekly Newsletter
Month: June 2016
Hooray for Dads!
- 10:51 am Thursday, June 16th, 2016 by Staff Writer
Happy Father's Day to all the dads on my reader list, and all those who are not. To all those who gave life and love, and bestowed gifts and values upon their children.
Most of you have heard me talk about my own father. He was a complicated and conflicted man. We had a complicated and conflicted relationship. I am ever-grateful to him for shaping me, consciously or unconsciously, into the person I am today. I remember him with love.
But I'd like to tell you about another dad. One of the greatest I've ever met. One whom it is a privilege [More]
Choose JOY!
- 12:04 pm Thursday, June 9th, 2016 by Staff Writer
Don't Let Others Steal Your Joy
Every evening you invite me into your your cars, your office, your living rooms, your kitchens, onto your front porch… and I do my best to help you smooooooth off the rough edges of the day.
We chat, we tell stories, I play some music, and hopefully, I share a few gems, a few pearls of wisdom, if you will, that I've probably learned the hard way (because that's the only way I learn!) in hopes of sparing you some measure of pain or heartache.
Here is one of those pearls, unstrung, to be polished and examined; [More]
Jest Because it's June! June! June!
- 10:25 am Thursday, June 2nd, 2016 by Staff Writer
Does this month, that word, cause Rodgers and Hammerstein music to run through your head, or is it just me? Wait, don't answer that. It's just me, right? That's the result of growing up in my family; my dad taught us, through example, that there's a song lyric to fit every occasion! We're quirky like that!
Well, June IS bustin' out all over! We seem to have skipped spring and gone right to summer here at the farm. All over the meadow and the hills, buds came bustin' outa bushes months ago, roses have bloomed out and are on the second, [More]


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Federal regulators released more details Friday about how they did their stress tests even as they sat down with bankers to tell them how they had performed.
Though the test results will not be made public until May 4, senior Federal Reserve Board officials made one thing clear: the tests showed that banks are well capitalized.
Here are frequently asked questions about the tests, their methodology, and the results.
So if banks are well capitalized, they don't need to raise capital, right?
Don't bet on it. The Fed officials were speaking generally, and it is a safe bet that several of the 19 banks tested will need more. Exactly which ones is debatable, particularly because the banks have until Tuesday to protest aspects of the stress tests.
But who is the most vulnerable?
Bank of America Corp. makes everyone's list. An analysis released last week by the FBR Capital Markets unit of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group said BofA's tangible common equity, or TCE, would slip to minus 0.2%, from its current 3% if unemployment rose to 12%, not a farfetched notion anymore. The Charlotte banking company's Tier 1 capital ratio would decline to 5.7% from the current 10.1%.
At Wells Fargo & Co., TCE would fall to 1.1% if unemployment hit 12%, and its Tier 1 ratio would drop to 5.7%, according to FBR.
Concern is also widespread about how several regional banking companies, including Regions Financial Corp. in Birmingham, Ala.; Fifth Third Bancorp in Cincinnati, and KeyCorp in Cleveland, might look under the test.
So is TCE the new capital standard?
Fed officials emphasized to reporters Friday that the stress test does not amount to a new capital rule, but it is clear that regulators are far more worried about banking companies' TCEs than they used to be.
Investors are increasingly looking at TCE as a no-frills measure of an institution's risk. By not establishing a clear TCE standard, some observers say, the stress-test criteria might further confuse or frustrate the market.
How did the test work?
Banks were told to estimate their potential losses on loans, securities, trading positions and pre-provision net revenue under two scenarios a "baseline" assumption and a more aggressive "adverse" assumption. Beyond housing, gross domestic product and unemployment projections, the Fed did not say how it tested particular assets. But information obtained by American Banker said commercial and industrial loans, over two years, carried a 4% loss assumption under the baseline projection and 8% under the adverse approach. Losses on commercial real estate would be 7.5% under the baseline and 12% under the adverse scenario.
Baseline losses for first-lien mortgages would be 6% and second-lien loans, 12%. Losses under the tougher scenario would be 8.5% for first-lien mortgages and 16% on second liens.
For credit cards, examiners assumed a 17% loss under the baseline approach and 20% for more stressed periods.
What's the point of all of this?
Regulators are trying to encourage banks to increase capital cushions to absorb potentially larger losses. Though the Fed talks a lot about transparency, it refused to specify how big the cushion needs to be.
But more broadly, the banking agencies are aiming to take a more consistent look at the industry. Stress tests are hardly a new invention, but typically each bank designs its own, creating variations among institutions.
So this is it? Are we prepared for whatever may happen next?
The Fed officials warned that the stress test was not designed to prepare for the worst-possible conditions.
"The more adverse alternative is not, and is not intended to be, a 'worst-case' scenario," according to a white paper released by the Fed. "To be most useful, stress tests should reflect conditions that are severe but plausible."
Of course, this raises another question, one that we can't really answer: Who thought the current turmoil was "plausible" two years ago?


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While the idea of hiring freelancers may seem like a quick solution to you, it actually involves more work on your part than you initially wanted from outsourcing. If the main purpose of outsourcing is to not worry about the small stuff and trust your service provider to do the work right, then shouldn't you be spending your days meeting new clients and improving your business rather than micromanaging home-based workers in another country? For those new to the idea of offshore outsourcing, consider the following pros and cons of managed services outsourcing and freelancing.
#1 Companies that provide managed services outsourcing usually cover the whole process from hiring and training new recruits to employee and facilities management for their clients.
Offshore service providers usually provide full-service outsourcing to their clients. It's an industry-wide formula for providing "no worries" services that clients wanted. Service providers compete with each other in upping the quality of their services and building a name for themselves in the industry. That's way more added value to work provided by independent contractors you'll often find on websites like Upwork.
#2 Most outsourcing companies provide on-site managed services, which assure clients that their offshore staff will be guided and monitored while doing their work.
One of the main concerns of businesses that outsource is the management of workers. Will they need to assign someone to keep an eye on them through a web cam? One of the things that make an outsourcing company a better option to hiring freelancers is the guarantee that they already have an on-site managerial team whose main focus is managing the employees and keeping clients updated with their work.
This team is a cross between the nanny-slash-governess and your own managerial staff. They report to you, and make sure the work is done according to your specifications. Your outsourcing staff work for you like they're your regular employees, but they're not part of your roster, so you don't need to pay for their taxes and healthcare benefits, among other things. That's the job of the on-site management team.
#3 Hiring home-based workers may seem like it's cheaper, faster and easier to accomplish, but it's not.
Many entrepreneurs think that freelancers are better because they're cheaper and less demanding. And, hiring them through websites like Upwork may seem faster and easier compared to negotiating with an offshore service provider and going into a business relationship that may last 3 to 6 months. The truth is you'll be wasting a lot of time poring over resumes and figuring out whether the candidates were being honest about their experiences or not.
This is why outsourcing companies provide managed services that include recruitment and employee retention strategies. They understand the job market in their own country; they know the quality of labor you'll be hiring. The workforce already has the basics down pat, and companies provide additional training only for specialized work and for using technology that's related to their job.
#4 Hiring home-based workers is a good idea when you only need something done for a short period.
Most businesses hire freelancers when they only need something done for a short while, such as building a website or constructing a new office building. Companies would rather hire customer support staff when the demand for their services increase. This usually happens when the company starts to grow with more and more people becoming customers. Sometimes, additional staff are needed for seasonal ramp-ups.
#5 In truth, most freelancers are not as skilled or experienced as they claim to be.
They may need a little more hand-holding than you expected. This means you're expected to provide a few weeks of training along with video tutorials, PDFs and articles they may need to study while adjusting to the daily pace of work you've set for them.
Micromanagers will certainly love this level of attention vested on a couple of workers. But, when you have more important things to do than guide someone through a step-by-step process doing the job, it's not practical anymore. Your time is more valuable than an independent contractor's, and you need someone who'll immediately understand what to do after you've given him or her instructions.
Outsourcing to an offshore provider takes away the burden of training your staff and making sure they got the steps right. Your partner-provider will also ensure you're updated with the progress of your staff.
Offshore outsourcing in the services sector vastly differ in function, motivation and results than offshoring or outsourcing in manufacturing.
The impact of outsourcing of business processes on the jobs market isn't as devastating as offshoring of manufacturing processes. Many small businesses that outsource choose to augment their internal staff with offshore workers rather than simply replace them.
For companies with deeper pockets, they would rather build captive service centers than hire a third-party provider because it's cost-effective to directly manage a call center under your corporate brand. It also expands their market reach from serving North American customers to those living in Asia, Australia and Europe.


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- #21097 in Romance, Contemporary
- #7036 in Romance, Romantic Suspense
Southern Alphas, #4
by Lori Sjoberg
series Southern Alphas #4
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Five Star Worthy!!!I received an ARC from Lori Sjoberg in exchange for an honest review, and I am about to do "more" than that!!! Denied is deserving of five stars and then some!! I absolutely loved the first three books in this series, but I have to say that this book is by far the best!! This book has a similar story line as the others but with a twist!! The "HOT" male character, Shane Falco, finds out he's the father of Emma, a 5 year old girl, and finds this out when he runs into a woman, Larissa LeClaire, from his past and who just happens to be the mother of his daughter, and a woman he never forgot after their night of unforgettable passion!! Shane learns some new "things" being a father, and realizes that Larissa and Emma are "it" for him!! He's gone from a man who did his "own" thing to a man who is ready to settle down and be a father and a husband - a family man!! I completely love everything about this book, and I am so excited for the next book in this series!!!by Signi S. on September 16, 2016
by Lori Sjoberg
Southern Alphas (Book 4)
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- Lori Sjoberg, September 2016
- Language: English
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This one has a diaper rash. Not just any old diaper rash, but the king of all rashes, complete with blisters, broken skin, redness, burning, pain, yeast and bleeding. It's awful. We think it's partially a reaction to something, but no matter what we do, we haven't been able to get ahead of it.
Weeks we tried to combat it and it just got worse and worse and worse. After a visit to the remarkable Dr. H, we were placed on a rigorous regimen of prescription topical antibiotics, clotrimazole, tons and tons of Desitin and Activia twice a day.
And disposable diapers, temporarily, just until it's all cleared up.
Let me start by saying this. It's working. After a week of a routine so involved it required an Excel spreadsheet to track, we are seeing improvement. Let me also say this. Disposable diapers are disgusting and stinky and gross and stinky and expensive and stinky.
And apparently edible.
I can't wait to switch back to cloth diapers, but for now, I think this will be necessary to clear the whole ugly mess from my brain.


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eNews: NAILSMA and the Crocodile Islands feature in Wheel2Wheel Adventure series on SBS - Sunday 24 February 2.30 pm (2013)
Bringing together his desire for adventure and philanthropy, Morgan Parker embarked on a 25,000 km Wheel2Wheel motorbike adventure across 10 countries raising awareness for one important charitable organisation in each country.
In Australia Morgan chose to promote the North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance Ltd (NAILSMA). He visited the Crocodile Islands where he got some firsthand information on Indigenous culture and how Indigenous people have been managing their country for millennia.
This feature and previous episodes can be viewed for a limited time on SBS on Demand http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand.
For more Information on the Wheel2Wheel adventure download a PDF of the eNews.
Photo: Graeme Sawyer, Joe Morrison and Morgan Parker at the reception in Darwin
- Topic: Technology Indigenous knowledge Culture Program: Carbon Project Indigenous Knowledge Livelihoods
- Region: Cross-regional


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KL2 Career Development Opportunities
The following opportunities for KL2 Scholars supplement the career development activities that take place with the KL2 Seminar Series.
- Experiential Opportunities
- Junior Faculty Development Program
Available to faculty at the Hershey Campus.
- Grants Academy
Available to faculty at the University Park and Hershey Campuses.


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Microsoft Envision breakthrough ideas—and the technologies that get all size businesses to their goals.
MHPV teamed up with Microsoft Brand team and Kevin Turner's COO Microsoft team to create Microsoft Envision 2016 photography and video brand library for Microsoft's premiere business conference and networking event.
Our strategy was to concentrate on multiple markets and diverse, real people talent to represent CEOs and business leaders using Microsoft transformative digital perspectives.


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History is rife with creative works that were left unfinished. Circumstances may prevent their completion. For Charles Dickens' "The Mystery of Edwin Drood," it was the death of the author. With Elizabeth Shoumatoff's famous portrait of President Franklin Roosevelt, it was the subject who died, less than four hours after the painting was begun.
Death is hardly the only cause. As a film director, Orson Welles was plagued by circumstances that left many of his pictures unfinished. Other reasons could be as simple as the artist's choice to abandon further work on a project, or perhaps even deem a work finished that others may perceive as incomplete.
Classical music abounds with examples of works left unfinished by composers, for whatever reason. In light of that, and to celebrate its 20th–anniversary year, the Brentano String Quartet has been touring a new project called "Fragments: Connecting Past and Present," for which it invited six living composers to write their own new compositions in response to unfinished works by notable composers of the past. The quartet will perform the concert at 8 p.m. Saturday, April 21, at Spivey Hall.
Spivey Hall took part in a similar project with the Brentanos, who are based in Princeton, New Jersey, in 2002, which interlaced the music of J.S. Bach and 10 living composers. It proved a huge success. The quartet returned to Spivey in March 2008, smack in the middle of the infamous blizzard of that year. Spivey Hall Director Sam Dixon recalls that the group's flight to Atlanta was ping-ponged through multiple airports, and they arrived at the hall an hour and a half after the concert was supposed to begin. Dressed in the blue jeans they had traveled in, the Brentanos performed until midnight for an audience that decided to stick around to hear them.
After that concert ended, Brentano first violinist Mark Steinberg approached Dixon about a new commission and presented the idea that became "Fragments: Connecting Past and Present." The quartet decided that if they could put together a consortium of organizations that had presented their concerts in the past, everyone could chip in a reasonable sum to commission the composers, Charles Wuorinen, Sofia Gubaidulina and John Harbison among them. "Those are all important composers in my world," says Dixon. "I immediately said yes. And voilà, here it is and we're part of this project." Some 14 leading concert presenters participated in the consortium, including Carnegie Hall.
Each new piece follows the fragment on which it reflects, pairing Gubaidulina with J.S. Bach, Harbison with Haydn, Vijay Iyer with Mozart, Bruce Adolphe with Schubert and Stephen Hartke with Shostakovich. The exception is Wuorinen, whose "Marian Tropes" embeds the music of Josquin and Dufay within the new work. "There are no surviving unfinished works from the 15th century, as there are no scores, only part-books," Wuorinen wrote about being the odd man out. "And clearly no one bothered to produce a part-book for an unfinished work."
For those wanting to learn more, Dixon will engage in a pre-concert talk about the project with Steinberg at 7:15 p.m., the complete program notes are available by clicking here, and the video above shows Steinberg and composers Adolphe, Iyer and Wuorinen discussing the project.


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Ryme Cellars
RYME CELLARS, MEGAN & RYAN GLAAB, Healdsburg – Organic
Ryme Cellars is the collaboration of husband and wife winemaking team, Ryan and Megan Glaab. The name comes from a combination of the first two letters in both of their names. The couple started Ryme Cellars in 2007 with a small amount of Aglianico. Inspired by the intensity and complexity of the wine, they began seeking out varieties that intrigued them and which they believed had a place within the conversation of California wines. The portfolio includes two versions of Vermentino, Fiano, Ribolla Gialla, Cabernet Franc, Carignan, Aglianico and Pinot noir.
Imported by Les Caves De Pyrène


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Self Arrange – $ contact us for a price
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Rotator Cup, Rotor Cuff, Rotary Cuff - we've heard it called many things - but just what is your 'Rotator Cuff'?
Many people with shoulder pain present to a physiotherapist, or doctor, and get diagnosed with a 'rotator cuff' injury. These people can be left confused, because they don't fully understand what exactly that is, or why it matters. All they know, is their shoulder hurts, and they want it to stop.
The first step to rehab is understanding your injury, and understanding why or how you hurt.
First, What is a "Rotator Cuff"?
Is it a muscle? A ligament? A tendon? A bone?
The rotator cuff is a couple of those things. It is a collection of muscles. Four muscles to be exact. Muscles turn into tendons, and tendons attach muscles to bones. Therefore, muscles allow us to move our bones.
The short answer: the rotator cuff is 4 muscles and their associated tendons.
Here's a picture:
Credit: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19622.jpg
In the picture, the red parts are the muscle bellies, the white parts are the tendons. These 4 muscles start on your shoulder blade (scapula) and attach to your upper arm (humerus). The left part of the picture shows what it would look like from the front (looking through and past your torso/rib cage). On this side of the shoulder blade, we have 1 of the 4 rotator cuff muscles: the subscapularis muscle. The right part of the picture shows what it would look like from the back, with the supraspinatus muscle on the top, and two muscles, the infraspinatus and teres minor, coming from the big body of the shoulder blade.
Individually (and simplified), these muscles do the following movements:
However, like most things in our body, it's not that simple. The rotator cuff's main job is to keep the humeral head (ball on the end of your upper arm), centred in the glenoid cavity (the shoulder socket) (see below).
Credit: https://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/images/uploaded/glenoid.jpg
As you can see, the glenoid cavity (shoulder socket) is pretty shallow, so the rotator cuff works pretty hard in certain positions - for example, when working overhead or when reaching. (The cavity is this shallow to allow our shoulders to be super mobile - and don't worry, there are other things that help - but that's a different blog post!).
How do you hurt your rotator cuff?
You can injure your rotator cuff in many ways, but here are some of the more common ways:
A Word on Injury 'Names'
When you injure a muscle, it's called a strain (you sprain a ligament). So therefore, a muscle injury to 1 (or more) of your 4 rotator cuff muscles is called a rotator cuff strain. If a strain worsens, or it is a big strain, it can become a partial tear, and progress further to a full tear. A complete tear is when the muscle detaches from the bone.
Note: These things can sound scary, but not all of these require surgery, and it is important to get a proper assessment to determine the appropriate plan of action!
The above names are sometimes used for rotator cuff injuries, but more commonly, people will be told they have rotator cuff tendinitis.
But what is that? It simply means that the tendon(s) of the rotator cuff are inflamed (the ending '-itis' means 'inflammation'). Remember, the tendon is what attaches the rotator cuff muscle to the bone (see above pictures).
My Shoulder Hurts, But Other Things Also Hurt
I'm going to keep this section short, because I could probably write an entire blog post on this point alone. But I want to mention that in many cases, it is completely normal for a rotator cuff injury to cause pain in your neck muscles, or down your arm (even as far as your hand in really bad cases). This pain is called referred pain, in which your rotator cuff refers pain to other parts of your body.
Not sure if your shoulder pain is related to your rotator cuff? Curious about why you also have pain elsewhere? Want to get out of pain, and back to function? The best thing to do is to get your shoulder assessed as soon as possible. At Strive Physiotherapy and Performance, we are committed to providing an in-depth assessment to ensure we can work together to find the best plan of action for each individual client. Call us at 519-895-2020, or use our online booking tool on www.strivept.ca to book an appointment with one of our knowledgeable physiotherapists, and they will be sure to help you understand your injury.
Take care,
Tyler Allen
Physiotherapist at Strive Physiotherapy and Performance
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