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Introduction to the U.S. One-Drop Rule (C14)
The one-drop rule is a U.S. folkloric tradition that someone of European appearance who rejects an African-American self-identity is "really Black," like it or not, due to having "one drop" of known African ancestry, no matter how ancient.
The obsolescent notion labels such people as merely "passing for White." Recent examples are actors Peter Ustinov and Heather Locklear. Historical examples are Alexander Pushkin and John James Audubon.
Americans with distant but known African ancestry are often reported as "African American" by press and public despite their European appearance, despite their freely chosen non-Black self-identity. This labeling is the "one-drop rule."
This class covers seven points: (1) The one-drop rule reflects a conflict between two folkloric traditions. (2) It appears only in the United States. (3) It applies only to the Black/White color line. (4) It had no connection with slavery. (5) Black Americans, not White ones, have enforced the one-drop rule for the past two centuries. (6) Racial classification court cases today ignore it. (7) Since 1990, intermarried parents may be moving away from the tradition.
Manifestation of Conflict Between Two Myths
The one-drop rule is a manifestation of the conflict between the U.S. myth that "race" is determined by appearance (skin tone, hair texture, facial features) and the contradictory but equally strongly held myth that "race" is determined by ancestry. ("Myth" in this context simply denotes a mandatory belief taught to young Americans in order to exemplify social standards that they will be expected to follow in adulthood.)
On the one hand, most Americans agree that someone who looks Black is Black, even if neither parent self-identified as African American (U.S. President Obama, for instance).
But most Americans also agree that someone born into the African-American community who looks White and self-identifies as White is also secretly Black (Carol Channing's father, for instance). Such imposed labeling exemplifies the one-drop rule.
Unique to the United States
It is hard for residents of other countries to grasp that the notion of invisible Blackness is widely accepted, and often legally enforced, in the United States today.
To most people around the world, the claim that someone "looks White but is really Black" is as nonsensical as saying that someone "looks tall but is really short, just passing as tall" or "looks fat but is really thin, just passing for fat." In every other nation on earth, if you look White and consider yourself White, then you are White.
Unique to the Black/White U.S. Dichotomy
An American may legally claim to be 1/4 Cherokee, 1/4 Irish, or 1/4 Russian and still choose some other ethnic self-identity (German, say). But an American who admits to being 1/4 Black is not given such a choice. Unlike every other U.S. ethnicity, you cannot legally choose to be partly African-American. The one-drop rule is enforced at the highest levels of the U.S. federal government.
If you check off more than one "race" box in the U.S. census and one of the boxes was "Black" then you are classified as solely Black, no matter how many other boxes you checked. (For the regulations, see: here or here.)
Had Nothing to do With Slavery
Like most U.S. myths regarding that nation's unique endogamous color line, folkloric tradition says that it has something to do with slavery. U.S. popular culture as well as academia teach Americans to blame long-dead slavery for their current polity. (This resembles the way that Americans blame slavery for their racialism and their endogamous color line, although slavery was ubiquitous while the latter phenomena remain unique to the United States.)
The actual legal connection between slavery and physical appearance was precisely the reverse. A person of any visible European ancestry was presumed to be free.
The court cases Gobu v. Gobu (1802 NC), Hudgins v. Wrights (1806 VA), and Adelle v. Beauregard (1810 LA) established the U.S. caselaw that if you had any discernible European ancestry, the burden was on the alleged slave owner to prove that you were legally a slave through matrilineal descent. This law was then followed in hundreds of court cases without exception until U.S. slavery was ended by the 13th Amendment.
Instead, historical court records show that the one-drop rule first appeared in the free states of the Ohio valley in the 1830s, was not accepted in the south until long after the Civil war, became statutory in 1910, and did not spread nationwide until the 1920s.
Historically Enforced More by Blacks Than by Whites
Except for one 50-year period of U.S. history, the one-drop rule has been believed more strongly and enforced more harshly by African-American political leaders than by White Americans.
The exceptional period was the Jim Crow era of state-sponsored terrorism against its African-American citizens. During the Jim Crow period, which ended around 1965, the one-drop rule kept compassionate White families in line by legally exiling to Blackness any who defended Blacks against the terror. During this period, the one-drop rule was never legally applied in court to any family who self-identified as Black. It was used only against Whites.
In all other periods, from the 1830s to today, the one-drop rule was an instrument of intra-ethnic coercion by African-American political leaders. It is still used thus today. It is used to punish those born into the African American community who wish to self-identify as something other than "Black" in adulthood. It accuses them of being "sell-outs" and "race traitors."
U.S. Law Courts Today Ignore the One-Drop Rule
Since colonial times, about 300 court cases have been held so far to decide someone's "racial" classification. Such hearings and trials continue today.
Before the 1955-65 civil rights movement, such trials were held to decide if you could: incur slavery's burden of proof, marry, testify, attend school, vote, inherit, commit slander, carry a weapon, or incur carrier liability.
Nowadays, the most frequent reason is to determine entitlement (affirmative action, workplace discrimination, residential discrimination, Batson hearings).
Throughout the 19th century courts used three rules to determine "race": appearance (whether you looked Black), blood fraction (how many Black grandparents you had), and association (which community accepted you).
Courts then used the one-drop rule from the start of the Jim Crow era to the mid 1980?s. But the one-drop rule has fallen out of fashion in court within the past 20 years or so.
Oddly, most law scholars agree that the ODR is currently enforced today. This is a partial list of academics who have published this opinion in recent scholarly peer-reviewed journals. They are mistaken.
In fact, the most recent "racial" classification case where the ODR was upheld as the determining factor was the 1986 Susie Phipps case in Louisiana.
She was a woman who had considered herself White all her life (as did her husband, relatives, and friends). But when she checked off "White" on a passport application, the clerk rejected it, saying that she looked like she had a touch of Black blood. She sued and lost. She appealed and lost again. According to Louisiana's ODR law, the only defense against an accusation of Black blood was to show that you had no African ancestry–forever.
This is impossible, given that you had a thousand ancestors 10 generations ago (around 1800) and a million ancestors 20 generations ago (1600). She went to the U.S. Supreme Court and lost once and for all. "Racial" classification was not a federal issue.
Since 1986, every time that the ODR has been argued in court, it has backfired. Instead, courts today rely on acceptance by the leaders of the African-American ethno-political community. If you are accepted by local Black leaders, then you are legally Black, no matter what you look like, no matter your documented ancestry, no matter your DNA, no matter your own choice of self-identity. On the other hand, if you are rejected by local Black leaders, then you are not legally Black, no matter what you look like, no matter your documented ancestry, no matter your DNA, no matter your own choice of self-identity.
Here are three cases showing how "racial" classification works today: Mostafa Hefny, Mary Christine Walker, and twin brothers Phillip and Paul Malone.
Mostafa Hefny: businessman in Detroit, immigrant from Africa (Egypt), working towards naturalization as U.S. citizen. Heard that the SBA was granting loans to Black-owned businesses. Applied. Was turned down on the grounds that he was not "Black."
The Small Business Admninistration's explanation, according to the Detroit office, is that "Black" loans are intended only for those whose ancestors suffered under slavery and Jim Crow. That he cannot simply "waltz in from Africa" and claim to be Black.
Hefny demanded a formal hearing and lost. The excuse changed however. The court ruled that federal regulations forbid immigrants from North Africa nations (including Egypt) from calling themselves "black," no matter what they look like.
These are the regulations. They were interpreted, in Hefny's case, as accepting as Black anyone of sub-Saharan phenotype from France or Germany, say, but insisting that if you are from North Africa, then you are White by definition and your physical appearance is irrelevant.
Obviously this makes no sense at all. So one must read the testimony presented at Hefny's hearing to learn what the real problem was with his application.
A parade of witnesses from Detroit's African-American community had testified that he lived in a White suburb, was a member of White social clubs, went to a White church, and sent his kids to a White school. He had no contact with the A-A community. The hearing judge essentially ruled that "racial" membership comes down to membership in a community, and that mere physical traits are not decisive.
In 1988, 39-year-old Mary Christine Walker, a Denver schoolteacher with fair complexion, green eyes, and light brown hair claimed on a job application to be Black. Her prospective employer obtained Ms. Walker's birth certificate, found her listed there as "White," and accused her of "lying to take advantage of minority-hiring policies." Walker promptly filed suit in State District Court.
Walker was born a White child into a White family but in adolescence found herself more at home among African Americans. She joined a Black church and Black social clubs; her friends and boyfriends were Black. She claimed to be Black, despite her looks. She sued and won. The school board appealed and she won again, this time with increased damages levied against the school.
The Colorado Supreme Court was apparently persuaded by the large number of influential Black leaders (politicians, ministers, etc.), who came to testify that Mary was truly a member of the African-American community. On September 6, 1989, Judge John Brooks Jr. also ordered the state Department of Vital Statistics to issue the woman a new birth certificate.
The case of the Malones of Boston went the other way. Twin brothers Phillip and Paul Malone applied to become Boston firefighters in 1975 but were rejected due to low civil service test scores. After the city instituted an affirmative action program that added test points for Blacks, the Malone brothers claimed that their mother suddenly revealed that a great-grandmother was Black.
They thereupon re-applied as Blacks in 1977 and successfully completed the exam due to the extra points that they received for their newly discovered Blackness. For ten years, they led successful careers and their names were submitted to the Boston Fire Commission for promotion to lieutenants in 1987. Both men passed the qualifying exams with exceptional scores (without affirmative action points).
Then, a fire commissioner who had been reviewing promotion paperwork observed the Malones and accused the brothers of "racial" fraud. The accusation sparked a political firestorm.
One minority leader claimed that as many as 60 of Boston's 351 Black and 51 Hispanic firefighters were actually lying Whites. Another complained that the authorities had "looked the other way" for ten years. "If a black person came waltzing into the fire department in the '70s and it was in his interest to claim he was white, I have no doubt the Boston Fire Department would say, 'Wait a minute, you're not white.' [But] When a white person said he is black, they look the other way."
Stung by the attacks, Boston's enraged Mayor Flynn ordered investigations into all city departments-fire, police, schools-to root out other Whites who may have fraudulently claimed minority status. A frenzy of bureaucratic evil-seeking ensued. The fire department's investigation turned up eleven Spanish-surnamed individuals who were accused of not being "racially" Hispanic enough. Seven were exonerated; two resigned under pressure; the other two remained under investigation until the firestorm dwindled away. Two departments-Police and Schools-refused to participate in the widening hunt for "racial" frauds.
The following year, a twenty-three-page ruling by Justice Herbert Wilkins of the state Supreme Judicial Court convicted the Malones of fraud and upheld their expulsion. His decision referred to the position taken by the Black political leadership. Had the Black community supported the Malone brothers (and presumably the disgraced Hispanic firefighters as well), they would have been allowed to keep their jobs.
In the Hefny case a person of totally African genetic ancestry was ruled to be White. In the Walker case, a person of totally European genetic ancestry was ruled to be Black. In the Malones' case their genetic ancestry remains unknown because it was deemed irrelevant. Since 1986, whenever "racial" classification has been litigated, courts have seen "racial" classification as membership in a civic community, an issue to be determined by that community's leaders.
Since 1990, Intermarried Parents May be Moving Away From the Tradition
What does the future hold in store for the one-drop rule? One way of measuring the tenacity of the one-drop-rule is by examining how Black/White intermarried parents identify their children on the census "race" question. If intermarried parents accept the legitimacy of African-American ethnic self-identity while simultaneously rejecting the one-drop rule, you would expect half of their children to be identified as White and half as Black (recall 1/4-1/2-1/4 from the session on the heredity of "racial" traits).
In fact, children of intermarried parents have been more often identified as Black than as White since 1880. This shows that the one-drop rule has been accepted for many decades.
More, the fraction of such children labeled as unmixed White has fallen steadily from 50 percent in 1940 to 13 percent in 2000. This suggests that the one-drop rule is growing ever-stronger today among Black/White interracial parents.
On the other hand, the fraction of such children labeled as unmixed Black has also dropped abruptly from 62 percent in 1990 to 31 percent in 2000.
How can the fraction of White-labeled children and that of Black-labeled children have both fallen since 1990? Growing numbers of interracially married parents are rejecting the idea of having only two choices.
This chart shows, for each census decade since 1960, the percentage of children whose parents rejected a binary choice, either writing in "multiracial," "biracial," "none-of-the-above," or by checking multiple boxes.
In 1960, parents were not allowed to check off "other," nor to write something in. They had to pick one and only one of the given choices.
In 1970, for the first time, they were allowed to choose "other." In that census, four percent of first-generation biracial children were reported as neither Black nor White.
In 1980, this number had grown to eight percent, and many parents checked both boxes, despite this being explicitly forbidden by the instructions. By 1990, the number who rejected choosing between Black and White had grown to thirteen percent.
In 2000, for the first time, parents were allowed to check multiple boxes, and millions of parents jumped at the opportunity. In this census, well over half (56 percent) of first-generation biracial children were coded as belonging simultaneously to both "races."
Since 1986, U.S. courts have seen "racial" classification as membership in a civic community, an issue to be determined by that community's leaders.
As shown in session C6B, "Introduction to the Color Line – Part 2," the impact of racialism on U.S. society is worsening, especially in the sense of socio-economic class. The net-worth gap between White and Black Americans continues widening. On the other hand, judging by how parents answer the census "race" question about their children, the notion that if you have even the slightest African ancestry, you must be Black and nothing more, seems to be losing its grip on the American mind.
For the detailed text of this topic, complete with footnoted references, citations, and all the peer-reviewed material, visit Features of Today's One-Drop Rule.
Click here for an animated YouTube version of this topic, part 1.
Click here for an animated YouTube version of this topic, part 2.
Frank W. Sweet is the author of Legal History of the Color Line (ISBN 9780939479238), an analysis of the nearly 300 appealed cases that determined Americans' "racial" identity over the centuries. It is the most thorough study of the legal history of this topic yet published. He was accepted to Ph.D. candidacy in history with a minor in molecular anthropology at the University of Florida in 2003 and has completed all but his dissertation defense. He earned an M.A. in History from American Military University in 2001. He is also the author of several state park historical booklets and published historical essays. He was a member of the editorial board of the magazine Interracial Voice, and is a regular lecturer and panelist at historical and genealogical conferences. To send email, click here.


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I have a rather complex problem.
I'll lay out the details. I have a 3140 and a 2040. They do forward and reverse replication. Both have two aggregates, aggr0 (The three disk default 32bit root) and aggr1 (64bit, not root, but where all of my volumes and luns are). The 3140 has 20 spare 600gb disks.
I would like to only have a single 64bit aggr0 with all of my volumes and snapshots still intact on both units. I already know that the SnapMirror relationships will have to be destroyed and the destination volumes deleted.
I have been doing a lot of reading and it feels like this is possible, I just can't gather enough information in one place. My first plan was to do an in place upgrade with -64bit-upgrade option using the aggr command, but then I found that you can't do an upgrade like that unless you try to add more than 16tb worth of disk to the aggregate. While I have enough disk to do that on the 3140, I do not on the 2040. At that point my plan was to make aggr1 the root aggrogate and I suppose copy vol0 to aggr1? I know I saw how to do this somewhere but I can't for the life of me find it.
Basically I'd like to know if this is even possible and if so how would you go about doing it? I have already called 888 4NETAPP to ask for advice and they were rather... unhelpful.
Thank you for your time.
Yes, it is possible. It sounds like you already have 8.1 installed so you can just do "vol copy" from 32 to 64 bit; that preserves all snapshots and allows to resume snapmirror later. If not, you can simply ndmpcopy /vol0/etc to new root volume, it should be enough. See https://kb.netapp.com/support/index?page=content&id=1010097
Oops, I forgot to put in what rev I'm at. I'm currently at 8.0 RC3. Should I upgrade to 8.1 RC2 beforehand?
EDIT: And is a vol copy disruptive, as in would I have to disconnect the volume or lun? I'm assuming it is since you would have to remap everything anyway.
Well … one RC is as good as another one ☺ Why not …

subset: commoncrawl


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Design is an instrument of your business development. Our task is to help you to use it effectively.Before engaging in product design and development we believe it is of utmost importance to understand the target user, environment of use, unsatisfied market needs and current trends in the Russian market.We use proven research methods to provide innovative ideas that can be translated into a successful strategy for launching new products and services in Russia.
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Notes & articles on the latest health news
December 2014
Female hormonal imbalances
Female hormonal imbalances create significant stress and can leave women feeling out of control in both mind and body. In addition, as hormone test results may be at odds with clinical presentations, Practitioners can be left wondering where to start. Ultimately, formulating an appropriate prescription begins with asking the question, "What is the actual experience?" By categorising common symptoms into 'patterns' it becomes clear that there are four key female hormonal presentations: oestrogen excess, oestrogen deficiency, progesterone deficiency and testosterone excess.
Highs and Lows of Oestrogen
Oestrogen is a proliferative hormone; however in normal reproductive function, a degree of proliferation is necessary. During the menstrual cycle, the fluctuations in oestrogen stimulate ovarian oocyte development and endometrial thickening in preparation for implantation. In conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids and breast cancer however, excessive oestrogen has a hyper-proliferative effect that leads to abnormal tissue growth and inflammation. Women with excessive oestrogen levels may experience heavy bleeding, clotting and pain. Soy, Methylating Nutrients & BCM-95® Turmeric to Clear Oestrogen helps modulate the synthesis of oestrogen, help it through the correct metabolic pathways in the body and reduce the drivers of abnormal oestrogen activity.
Whilst transitioning peri-menopause, women may present with what we understand to be signs of oestrogen depletion, including sweats, hot flushes and low libido. However, since it is normal and expected that oestrogen levels decline during this life-stage, it may be more helpful to consider these symptoms the result of long term stress and depletion of adrenal reserves, or yin. Oestrogen Lifting Herbs is a traditional Chinese medicine combination of yin-tonifying Rehmannia Six formula blended with calming, cooling zizyphus and anemarrhena to aid in the management of peri-menopausal symptoms.
The Pain of Low Progesterone
Many Practitioners would rarely see a week pass by in clinic without consulting a female patient with PMS and irregular cycles – both symptoms of progesterone deficiency. Progesterone has anti-inflammatory activity, reduces pain and promotes calm and when deficient, women may experience mood changes, breast tenderness, dysmenorrhoea and in some cases, infertility. Vitex, Ginger and Withania to Increase Progesterone addresses both the symptoms and causes of progesterone deficiency. Vitex enhances progesterone production indirectly via the inhibition of prolactin release from the pituitary by stimulating D2 dopamine receptors. This effect, along with the anti-inflammatory potential of ginger and the anxiolytic and adaptogenic effects of withania, can improve and reduce a range of symptoms in patients with progesterone deficiency.
Putting Testosterone to the Test
The most well-known female condition associated with elevated testosterone is PCOS, characterised by amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea, infertility, signs of hyper-androgenism such as facial hair growth and acne, and typically concomitant insulin resistance. In the presence of excessive testosterone and insulin in PCOS, a novel and highly effective nutritional treatment, myo-inositol can reduce testosterone and improve insulin sensitivity. A specific isomer of inositol, myo-inositol is produced as a secondary messenger to insulin, however levels may be deficient in PCOS. Dosages of 2.0 g to 4.0 g per day for 12 to 16 weeks have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity by approximately 50% in PCOS patients, coupled with reductions in serum free testosterone levels from around 30 pmol/L to 10 pmol/L. Myo-inositol can be used together with the potent combination of liquorice and peony, both shown to inhibit the production of testosterone synthesising enzymes in the ovary and increase the levels of aromatase, which converts testosterone to oestrogen. Inositol, Peony and Liquorice to Clear Testosteroneincludes clinically effective ingredients to address patient symptoms resulting from elevated testosterone.
- Magnesium is a key nutrient that is frequently deficient in women suffering from hormonal imbalances. In conditions ranging from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), menstrual migraine to symptomatic menopause, levels of magnesium may be 20 to 30% lower than in asymptomatic matched controls. Magnesium should therefore be at the forefront of nutritional prescriptions for patients suffering from hormonal conditions.
- Breast cancer risk increases by approximately 10%, in response to alcohol consumption of only one to two drinks a day. Alcohol raises oestrogen levels, and interferes with the activity of catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), involved in oestrogen detoxification. In patients with oestrogen excess, review their alcohol intake; even if their alcohol consumption is low, they may benefit from a two or three month break.
- Treating hormonal conditions requires consideration of more than just the reproductive hormones. For example, treating thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, can reverse menstrual abnormalities, increase luteal progesterone secretion and promote fertility. Therefore, when treating progesterone deficiency conditions, it is essential to also address any imbalances in thyroid function.
- The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges that depression is a leading cause of disability and predicts that by 2020, depression will be the second leading cause of the global burden of disease. This highlights how imperative it is to address mental health, including higher-than-normal stress levels, in every patient.
- There are many consequences of sleep deprivation other than just feeling tired. A survey conducted 50 years ago showed an average sleep duration of eight to nine hours. Several decades later this dropped to seven hours per night and recent data shows average sleep at six hours per night. Lowered levels of sleep can increase systemic inflammation, cortisol, insulin and ghrelin levels, and insulin resistance risk. With these effects, it may well be time for night-owls to head to bed earlier.
- "Every thought, emotion or belief has a neurochemical consequence". This statement by internationally recognised neuroscientist and pharmacologist, Candace Pert, expresses the power of the mind in influencing health. Pays to have positive thinking or choosing positive language? Constructive self-talk may alter neurochemistry, positively influencing health and wellbeing.
August 2014
Environmental toxins known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been linked to a spectrum of diseases throughout life. Many POPs are endocrine [hormonal] disruptors and due to their lipophilic [fat like] nature, may absorb into fat tissue. Weight loss may release these toxins as fat stores are liberated, detoxification will support toxin clearance in weight loss patients with a history of POP exposure.
There is now an upgraded detox powder available
August 2014
Research has shown that the use of antimicrobial essential oils and probiotics together provide significant synergistic benefits in both inhibiting the growth and reducing the chances of pathogen survival. Selective antimicrobial agents such as garlic and lavender oil can be safely prescribed with probiotics to support their therapeutic effects.
There is now a new anti-parsitic/yeast product that contains;
Allium sativum, bulb fresh (Garlic) 1.5 mg
Artemisia absinthium, herb dry (Wormwood) 500 mg
Origanum vulgare, leaf oil essential (Oregano) 100 mg
Lavendar oil 90 mg
August 2014
It has recently been discovered that bitter taste receptors are not restricted to the oral cavity; the whole upper gastrointestinal tract is considered a tasting organ, not just the tongue! The activation of bitter receptors has downstream effects on regulating stomach function, appetite and acid production, and the speed of gastric emptying.
There is now a new product for the digestion that contains bitters from Dandelion and Gentian;
Taraxacum officinale, root dry (Dandelion) 3.0 g
Filipendula ulmaria, herb dry (Meadowsweet) 2.0 g
Gentiana lutea, root dry (Gentian) 1.0 g
Melissa officinalis, root dry (Lemon balm) 1.0 g
Cinnamomum verum, stem bark dry (Cinnamon) 1.0 g
Zingiber officinale, rhizome dry (Ginger) 750 mg
April 2014
Men prone to diabetes
Queensland men are being diagnosed with diabetes at a much faster rate than women, a report to be released today will show.
In the past 10 years, about 3200 Queensland men have been diagnosed with type one diabetes – compared with only 2200 women, the Australian Institute of health and welfare report finds.
When it comes to lifestyle caused type 2 diabetes, the trend is the same – with many more men than women having to use insulin to treat their condition.
Health experts say there is no clear reason why the condition is affecting mean more commonly than women, and further research is needed.
Researchers don't know what causes it, there is no cure and, similarly, the reason why it effects more males and females is unknown, Diabetes Queensland Chief Executive Michelle truth said we need greater investment into researching the condition."
New clue to coeliac mystery
Researchers have discovered the trigger point for coeliac disease, unlocking for the first time the molecular interaction that prompts the body to launch its immune response against gluten.
Take a healthy bite for long life
Over 17,000 patients with established cardiovascular disease have confirmed that the Mediterranean diet prevents premature death, even when introduced at the advanced stage of the atherosclerotic process. The 28 year cohort study followed patience with myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary bipass and coronary angioplasty, and found that despite already experiencing serious cardiovascular complications, those who began a Mediterranean diet had a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared to those with poorer quality diets, proving it is never too late to start eating well.
Have you just exercised? Have a cuppa!
Are heavy metals weighing the thyroid down?
Researchers from the University of Cincinnati College of medicine have identified significant correlations between thyroid hormones and heavy metal exposure in adults with previously healthy thyroid function. In particular, blood mercury levels were associated with decreased total T4, T3 and free T3 levels. Mercury is thought to disrupt thyroid hormone production by selectively binding to sulphydryl – containing ligands in the thyroid, and inhibiting deiodinase function in the peripheral tissues. It could be your amalgam fillings or tuna salads that are the true driver behind your thyroid problems.
Sperm need folate to win the race.
Recent research has confirmed the importance of adequate a paternal folate not only to influence rates of conception, but also the health of the offspring. In an animal supplementation study, it was found that pregnancy rates increase by 32% when male rats consumed a folate sufficient diet, whilst the folate deficient males experienced 24% more abnormalities in their offspring. The study identified multiple regions of the sperm epigenome that are susceptible to epigenetic reprogramming and could influence pregnancy outcomes, if folate supply is inadequate. This redefines the age old adage – it takes 2 to tango so long as he has enough folate.
September 2013
Not all Probiotics are equal
Probiotics form an essential component of any health treatment plan. Microorganisms in the gut have profound clinical impacts on health through influencing digestive health and regulating the immune response. Many health conditions are associated with imbalances in the gut flora e.g. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, eczema, allergies and autoimmune disease. These problems will benefit from probiotic supplementation.
You need to be able to select the most appropriate probiotic with assured quality and stability and the exact strain to help your health problem. Not all probiotic strains and doses are equal or have the same therapeutic outcomes. It is therefore critical to use specific strains of probiotics at the appropriate doses proven to target your specific problem.
Most people believe that taking a daily probiotic will meet their health goals, without realising the incorrect strain may not be appropriate or may have no impact on their health. Probiotics differ according to genus, species and strain (see Figure One below).
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG is clinically proven to assist eczema and allergies
Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 is protective against E.coli and Salmonella infection, as well as enhancing natural killer cell activity.
Using an inappropriate probiotic strains may have no benefits e.g. Lactobacillus acidophilus LAVRI-A1 given for the first 6 months of life to children at high risk of allergy failed to reduce the risk of dermatitis and increased the risk of allergen sensitisation. In contrast, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study has shown the combination of 5 billion organisms of both Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 effectively reduced the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections in young children, significantly lowering symptoms of fever, cough, runny nose.
New research continues to demonstrate that illness specific probiotics are having positive effects. A recent double blind, placebo-controlled trial confirmed that a dose of 10 billion L. plantarum 299v organisms reduced the frequency and severity of abdominal pain and bloating in IBS patients in four weeks. These studies demonstrate that using not only the correct strain, but also at the appropriate dose for the condition, is the secret to clinical success.
Choose the best Probiotic
In choosing the best probiotic product, there are several factors that are vital to ensure a quality product and therefor a quality outcome. A therapeutic strength probiotic must:
- Be temperature controlled in both shipping and storage.
- Use evidence-based probiotic strains proven for specific health conditions in human trials.
- Have proven stability for the complete shelf life of the product.
- Use quality probiotic manufacturing and labelling procedures.
- Contain a guaranteed level of probiotic content per dose and offers a dose matching research.
The Food Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) provides guidelines and criteria for probiotic manufacture, highlighting the points listed above.
Keep It Personal
Well chosen strains allows everyone to have an abundance of the right bacteria to moderate pathogenic overgrowths. The key to microbial harmony is consistency. Many probiotic strains colonise in the gut for up to a week therefore daily supplementation is needed to keep your health moving in the right direction.
Table below highlights the key strain combinations to meet the differing needs of different people. These strains are able to pass through the digestive process intact and adhere to intestinal cells, ensuring maximum impact on gut, immune and overall biological function.
|Active Probiotic
|Number of Active
Strains per Dose
|Evidence Based
Treatment Applications
|High Potency
|Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG
|Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v
Western Diets: It is well established that a healthy diet and effective digestive flora can have a large impact on your health. Emerging research shows that a move from a phytochemical rich, low fat diet to a standard Western diet can significantly impact the microflora balance in the gut within just 24 hours.
Probiotics and Pregnancy: A meta-analysis of microflora research confirms that a large number of probiotic strains provide multiple benefits to both mother and child, during and after pregnancy. Probiotics were proven to be completely safe for use in pregnancy, with no adverse effect on caesarean section outcomes, malformation rates, gestational age or birth weight, making them an excellent choice for pregnancy support.
Probiotics and Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea: Antibiotic use disturbs the natural balance of gut flora. It can result in a relative excess of Clostridium difficile, which produces toxins causing diarrhoea and inflammation of the bowel. A recent meta-analysis found that probiotics effectively reduced antibiotic associated diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile by 66%, as well as reducing other antibiotic related side effects. This study highlights the importance of probiotic supplementation during and after antibiotic therapy.
Achieving Success
A probiotic supplement does more than balance the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. It represents the key foundation for any Wellness program. In conjunction with dietary, herbal and nutritional therapeutics, a personalised probiotic selection will help to achieve your optimal health goals.
Remember that the focus is on;
The right strain for the right condition
The applicable therapeutic dose
The integrity of the product.
Always choose probiotics that are condition specific, stable and of the highest quality.
September 2013
Skin cancers
Radium Weed is a commonly found weed that people have been using for many years as a home remedy to treat sunspots and BCC's. If you suspect you have a skin cancer, you should seek professional advice from your GP. Get regular checkups from your doctor or specialised cancer clinics.
For the ABC interview between Annie Gaffney and Professor Jim Aylward's go to;
July 2013
Latest list of diseases helped by balancing white blood cells called T-Helper 1 or 2 [TH1 or TH2]. Different herbal formulas can help by reducing either TH1 dominance or TH2 dominance.
TH2 Dominant conditions;
Grave's dx [overactive thyroid]
Ulcerative colitis [Chrohn's dx]
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE]
Nephrotic syndrome
CREST syndrome
Fibrosing alveolitis
TH1 Dominant conditions;
Rheumatoid arthritis RA
Multiple sclerosis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Coeliac disease
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Hashimoto's thyroiditis [underactive thyroid]
Anti sperm antibodies
Recurrent miscarriages
Sjogren's syndrome
Ankylosing spondylitis
Parkinson's disease
Lichen planus
Alopecia areata
Granuloma annulare
Wegener's granulomatosis
Giant cell arteritis
April 2013
Hypertension means high blood pressure (BP). High BP is when your BP is greater than normal levels for the population.
There are 2 blood pressure measurements;
1. Systolic – This is the pressure when the heart pumps blood
2. Diastolic – This is the pressure when the heart is resting after pumping blood
BP is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg).
High BP is when the systolic pressure is > 140 mm Hg or diastolic is > 90 mm Hg i.e.
High BP is > 140/90
Very high BP is > 180/110
Normal BP for people 18 years and over is < 130/85
Normal BP for people 65 years and over is < 140/90
Diabetics or people with kidney disease need to be <130/80
95% of high BP has know known cause but as arteries narrow the heart must pump harder.
5% of high BP is due to kidney disease or some other rare disease.
15-20% of the adult Western world population has high BP which tends to increase as we get older.
High BP rarely has any warning signs. Possible symptoms are headaches, palpitations or a red face but these are rarely seen high BP.
High BP increases the risk of stroke and heart attack. The higher the BP the higher the risk. It could also cause damage to the heart and kidneys.
Your doctor may recommend an antihypertensive medication to reduce high BP.
It may be possible to reduce BP to normal by leading a normal sensible lifestyle which could avoid a lifelong commitment to drugs.
Diet – Low salt and low saturated and trans fats. Good fats e.g. fish oil are positive
Weight – As your weight reduces to normal levels so may your BP
Alcohol – Keep to a minimum. (Maximum 2 standard drinks per day)
Stress – Avoid stress and overwork. Consider relaxation or meditation classes.
Exercise – Aim for 30 minutes of daily activity e.g. walking
Smoking – Please stop. Smoking damages the arteries which could increase BP
Magnesium is needed to relax muscles including muscle of the blood vessel walls. Stress uses up magnesium
Taurine is very useful in reducing high BP
CO ENZYME Q10 is also useful is helps to protect the heart and improve energy
Fish oils and Vit E help to thin the blood which may help keep BP down
Check your BP;
If normal – Every 1-2 years
Over 40 years old – Every year
Women on the pill – Every year
March 2013
Below is a summary of Cholesterol jargon and alternatives to cholesterol statin drugs.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in Western nations. Elevated levels of blood lipids, especially triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, have been consistently identified as risk factors in the development of CVD. In Australia and New Zealand around 51% of adults have high blood cholesterol and/or high blood triglycerides.
4. Steroid hormones (e.g. progesterone, oestrogens, testosterones, aldosterone and cortisol.
Triglycerides are the main fats in the diet and are the bodies main fat storage molecules.
Chylomicrons. Cholesterol and triglycerides are transported in the bloodstream as a package of chylomicrons and/or lipoproteins.
VLDL Has the highest fat content and therefore is the lowest density lipoprotein. It is the major transporter of triglycerides to either muscle, for energy production, or fat tissue for storage.
IDLs also deliver triglycerides to tissues.
LDL are the major blood carriers of cholesterol. Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats and cholesterol appear to cause a reduction in LDL receptors in the liver thus retarding LDL breakdown and elevating circulating LDLs.
Small dense (sd) LDLs are formed when triglyceride is removed from VLDLs. They are more likely to cause the formational of fatty deposits on the artery walls. There are four main factors that increase the risk of sdLDLs being produced;
HDLs are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic, and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. Total cholesterol (TC) to HDL ratio TC:HDL is a strong risk marker for cardiovascular disease. HDL levels increase with weight loss, stopping smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, exercise, and good quality dietary fats especially from fish. Low HDL is associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Apolipoproteins are present in all fat transport particles. They provide structure and act as receptor binding domains.
Chylomicrons. Dietary fats are absorbed as chilomicrons, which are produced in the absorbent cells lining the small intestine. They contain triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins. They are found in the intestinal lymphatics and blood during and after meals. They transport dietary fat to the liver for processing into lipoproteins.
Triglycerides are transported as chylomicrons and VLDLs. High levels of triglycerides are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease as they are associated with the decreased HDL's and the formation of sdLDL's which promote the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries. Dietary TG's are transported in chylomicrons from the gut to the liver where they are broken down to glycerol and free fatty acids and re-formed into VLDL particles. As these VLDL particles circulate around the body they are broken down leaving sdLDLs.
Statin drugs. Medical attempts to control blood cholesterol levels have largely centred around the inhibition of this enzyme. These drugs are collectively known as the statins. While these are successful at controlling cholesterol in many patients they are unfortunately associated with side-effects such as;
An alternative approach to cholesterol reduction combines two natural medicines
PMFs are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds found in the peel of citrus fruits. They have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk. Studies have shown that diets with flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Citrus juices can improve blood fat levels. For example three glasses of orange juice a day can increase HDL by 21% and reduce LDL:HDL ratio by 16%. Grapefruit has been shown to give similar benefits.
PMFs work by;
Tocotrienols are similar to tocopherols such as vitamin E but have extra values. They have potent free radical scavenging properties but they also regulate numerous transcription factors and receptors.
Statin drugs work by not allowing the liver enzymes to produce cholesterol. They are very effective and inhibit cholesterol production by 99%. But they also reduce the production of some proteins and CoQ10 which leads to long-term effects of anaemia and muscle breakdown.
There are no known contraindications. Cautions;
It is not recommended to reduce cholesterol below physiological levels in pregnancy. Not safe to use.
Not safe to use. These compounds pass into breastmilk and may reduce cholesterol production in the infant, which is not recommended.March 2013
Research Reviews
Cancer and Fatigue
A recent review has shown that people with cancer that get fatigue benefit from exercise with rest where it was previously thought they should just rest. Light aerobic exercise is best rather than resistance exercise or Yoga. All studiew were in patients with solid tumours and mostly in breast cancer patients.
Vitamin D deters cancer.
Vitamin D is well known to be important for the immune system but it has now been shown that it is important in cancer prevention. Make sure your blood levels are > 100 nmol/L
Blood pressure
Does your doctor take your blood pressure in both arms?
A difference in blood pressure between the 2 sides of the body of 10 [mmHg] or greater indicates a problem in the peripheral blood circulation. There are no other symptoms to warn you of this danger.
A difference in blood pressure between the 2 sides of the body of 15 [mmHg] or greater indicates an increased risk of death from heart/blood vessel disease. It is also connected to hardening of the arteries of the brain.
Depression and the B Vitamin Folate
Two main types of depression are Melancholic and Non-melancholic.
1. Melancholic depression symptoms include;
a. inability to feel pleasure in things that usually give pleasure
b. non reactive mood
c. profound lack of enthusiasm, energy and activity
d. cognitive problems [poor brain function]
e. poor memory
f. observable psychomotor disturbances e.g. slower reaction times
2. Non-Melancholic depression [most common form of depression] symptoms include;
a. low self esteem
b. self criticism
c. depressed mood
d. appetite changes
e. fatigue
f. poor sleep patterns
Non-melancholics do not have the psychomotor disturbances as do the Melancholics
Non-melancholics respond to drug treatment and psychotherapy.
Research is starting to show that Folate supplementation can help the Melancholic form of depression.
Melancholics have dysfunctions in the serotonin and/or noradrenalin neurotransmitter pathways.
Folate, B12 and B6 are needed for the production of serotonin and noradrenalin and dopamine. So take your B vitamins especially high quality activated forms e.g. folinic acid is the active form of folate and pyridoxal-6-phosphate is the active form of B6.
Cystic Fibrosis and Magnesium bisglycinate
Magnesium bisglycinate supplementation has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in children with Cystic Fibrosis [CF].
Many studies have shown that many children with CF are deficient in magnesium.
300mg per day of elemental magnesium from Magnesium bisglycinate was shown to significantly improve the function of the lung muscles and reduce severity of lung disease.
This is possibly because it helped;
a. muscle contraction and relaxation
b. cell energy production
c. production and clearing of mucus
d. improved immune response
e. reduce inflammation
f. reduce oxidation stress
Features and Benefits of Metagenics Fish Oils
Individual high strength EPA and DHA options for condition-specific prescribing, so you get faster results for your individual needs.
Highly cost effective and therefor value for money.
One of the most concentrated fish oils on the market for maximum benefit and value and minimal dosing, so it's easy to get a high dosage where needed.
A truly "Practitioner Only" brand which means it's concentrated and pure, so you can be confident that it is high quality.
One of the purest fish oils on the market, to minimise toxin exposure [e.g. Mercury] often found in oils and so your cells are getting the best there is.
Deodorised and naturally flavoured to reduce fishy taste and minimal reflux.
Manufactured by a highly ethical company so you know what you're getting is sustainable, pure, fresh, and extensively tested.
Free from list available so we can avoid any allergens and irritants.
Oils sourced from eco-friendly sustainable fish sources and are certified by "Friends Of The Sea".
Endorsed by The MINDD Foundation due to the oils' purity and strength.
No added sweeteners.
Liquid – convenient once a day dosing. [Top of bottle is filled with Nitrogen so there is no air reducing quality of oil]
Capsules – flavoured option and enteric coated options to avoid after taste or reflux.
Suggestions For Sensitive Patients and Liquid Oils
Add the oil to a pineapple juice shot.
Follow with a little fresh lemon juice in water to lift the oil off the pallet.
Add the oils to a little salmon/tuna and eat with a cracker. This works particularly well for children
When opening for the first time leave the gold foil seal on and put a small pen hole in one side and a larger pen hole in the other side to reduce dribbles.
Store the bottle wrapped in a tissue to catch any dribbles.
Always store both liquids and capsules in the fridge after opening.
In Traditional Chines Medicine an aversion to oils is an indicator that the gall bladder is not functioning well and needs to be supported. This may be manifested long before there are any Western Medicine gall bladder signs. This is relevant even for those who have had their gall bladder removed.
New product called CholCare which may improve LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio by 26% in four weeks [see details below].
They also have a new flavour in their High blood pressure/magnesium formulae CardioX. They now have a banana/berry flavour as well as their standard Tropical flavour.
They have also added a 270 capsule Vit D supplement in addition to their standard 90 capsule container
30 capsules (30 days)
Clinically Trialled Combination to Help Healthy People Maintain Normal Levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides.
In healthy people, ingredients in CholCare have been shown to or may:
Help maintain healthy total cholesterol levels.
Improve LDL:HDL ratio by 26% in four weeks.
Clinically trialled, once daily dose.
Clinical Benefits
The combination of 270 mg of citrus bioflavonoids (PMF-source™) and 18 mg of tocotrienols (TocoSource™), has been shown to impact total cholesterol by an average of 25% over 4 weeks and 27% over 12 weeks: Three studies including a double blind, randomised clinical trial plus two open-label trials demonstrated significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL:HDL ratio
Key mechanisms include HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, reduction of apolipoprotein-B100 secretion and modulation of hepatic LDL receptors. Specifically, the polymethoxyflavones tangeretin and nobiletin, suppress the hepatic secretion of ApoB and increase LDL receptor synthesis. PMF-source™ is an exclusive extract of citrus bioflavonoids containing at least 11.5 mg of tangeretin and 10 mg nobiletin per dose.
TocoSource™ tocotrienols inhibit the production of HMGCoA reductase but support endogenous CoQ10 production via induction of the enzyme geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). In vitro research shows an 80% inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by decreasing transcription efficiency and enhancing degradation, unlike most HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which block the mevalonate pathway by up to 99%.
Adults: Take 1 capsule at night.
Each capsule contains:
Citrus bioflavonoids extract (PMF-source™) 270 mg
Tocotrienols complex – palm* (TocoSource™) 18 mg
*Sustainably sourced palm.
February 2012
Metagenics have just changed their Fibroplex powders. They now use Stevia as a sweetener and have taken out the Fructose from all of their magnesium powders. The Fibroplex Plus 200 grams now contains 210 grams and the 400 grams now contains 420 grams. There is no price change.
August 2012
Cancer seminar notes July 2012
June 2012
New products from Metagenics
1. Mito Activate 30 tabs [30 days supply] $39.95 – Helps mental and physical fatigue by helping mitochondrial function and cellular energy production.
Extract equivalent to:
Camellia sinensis, leaf dry (Green tea) 10.0 g
Ilex paraguariensis, leaf dry (Yerba mate) 3.0 g
Panax ginseng, root dry (Korean ginseng) 2.0 g
R,S-alpha Lipoic acid 300 mg
2. Omega Brain Plus 190ml [19 days supply] $84.95 – Improves memory in people with age related cognitive decline.
Each 5ml dose contains;
Fish oil – natural 2.3 g
Equivalent to Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 209 mg
Equivalent to Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.0 g
Lecithin (Soy) 1.7 g
Equivalent Phosphatidylcholine 575 mg
Lecithin liquid – Soy phosphatidylserine – enriched soy 750 mg
Equivalent Soy phosphatidylserine 150 mg
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 20 μg
Equivalent Vitamin D3 800 IU
3. Kidney Care 60 tabs [30 days supply] Supports kidney and bladder health and assists in treatment of fluid retention.
Each tablet contains extract equivalent to:
Galium aparine, whole plant dry (Cleavers)3.0 g
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, leaf dry (Bearberry)1.1 g
Equisetum arvense, whole plant dry (Horsetail)500 mg
Quercetin100 mg
Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)15 mg
Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)13 mg
d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate83 mg
Equivalent Vitamin E100 IU
October 2011
Childrens seminar
Childrens' Health
The Metagenics Childrens' Range: Caring for the Youngest Patients.
Children have special health requirements. They have an immature physiology and specific nutritional requirements that vary from those of adults. Therefore, any Natural Medicine designed for children must be formulated to take their specific needs and stages of development into account. For example, formulas for children need to address issues of:
- Appropriate dosages for children of different ages
- Enhanced absorption minerals and activated vitamins
- Small serving sizes for small patients
- New flavours and formulations for improved compliance
- Treatment strategies for the most common children's clinical presentations
The Metagenics childrens' range addresses all these issues, and provides high quality Natural Medicines especially designed for children.
Improved Compliance for Fussy Kids
Children are notoriously fussy and this has been a major consideration in the formulation of the Metagenics kids range. The Metagenics Kids range may assist compliance by:
- Tiered dosing enables smaller serve sizes and fluid volume to help children consume the therapeutic dose.
- Ages 1 to 4 dilute in 50 mL
- Ages 5 to 12 dilute in 100 mL
- Specific mixing directions with water, milk (oat, soy, rice, cows or other) or juice, to best complement the formula whilst also considering therapeutic application.
- Some formulas may also be frozen into ice blocks as a 'fun' alternative for children.
- Fish oil liquids are best taken chilled as this reduces any odour and provides a crisper taste.
- Fish oils can also be mixed into juice for those who dislike the texture of oil.
Note: It is important to ensure powdered formulas are mixed into the recommended quantity and type of fluid, as more concentrated drinks and mixers may not be palatable.
Neurological Function
Behavioural and cognitive difficulties can disrupt the learning ability of some children. It is critical that the developing brain receives the nutrition it needs and that neurotransmitter function is optimal.
Common indications that the Metagenics kids range may assist include:
- Learning
- Memory
- Concentration
- Cognitive development
- Nervous system function
- Insomnia
- Stress and anxiety
T-helper polarisation can predispose children to atopic conditions and poor immunity. Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a recurring, non-infectious, inflammatory skin condition affecting one in three Australasians at some stage throughout their lives.1
Common immunological conditions include:
- Eczema
- Upper respiratory complaints
- Allergy, hayfever, sinusitus
- Ear infections
- Coughs and colds
Gastrointestinal Health
Gastrointestinal function is fundamental to a child's health and linked to immune regulation, neurological development and growth.
Common clinical presentations include:
- Leaky gut
- Diarrhoea
- Poor digestive function
July 2011
New supplement;
For the eyes
There is a new supplement that I stock that supports an increase in macular pigment density and healthy vision in older people. It may also relieve eye strain and visual fatigue and supports night vision and dark adaptation.
Numerous trials using lutein and zeaxanthin have demonstrated improvements in macular pigment density and visual parameters such as glare recovery, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity through a protective mechanism on the macula. Lutein and zeaxanthin act as free radical scavengers, reducing peroxidation of membrane phospholipids.
In a double blind, placebo controlled trial; blackcurrant, lutein and zeaxanthin showed significant improvements in recovery from visual fatigue. Testing included proof reading from computer screens indicating that this specific combination may be beneficial for those operating computers for prolonged periods of time.
New supplement;
A new supplement to support male conception
Improves sperm health, DNA integrity, sperm count, motility and morphology. Email me for details [email protected]
Zinc and selenium are essential for normal sperm production and folic acid may improve chromosome health. Vitamin C helps to prevent DNA damage which may be associated with poor reproductive outcomes. Tribulus has been used to balance and support normal male physiology and sexual function in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
New supplement;
A new supplement to support females throughout conception, pregnancy and lactation.
Specialised nutrition for healthy conception and pregnancy and provides nutrients commonly deficient during pregnancy to support healthy birth outcomes.
Includes nutrients such as iron, iodine, folate, zinc, calcium and vitamin D which are required in higher levels during pregnancy. Studies show that up to 19.8% of pregnant Australian women have a severe iodine deficiency. Iodine is required for normal healthy foetal brain development.
In addition to low intakes and low plasma levels of selenium, pregnancy further reduces plasma selenium levels by approximately 20 to 30%. Reduced levels of selenium in pregnant women and/or neonates have been associated with poor birth outcomes, such as premature birth and low birth weight.
Deficiency of important nutrients during pregnancy such as iron and vitamin D may increase infant disease risk and adverse birth outcomes.
This supplement also contains Amla, an antioxidant tonic herb traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine during pregnancy.
New supplement;
Potent antioxidant for stress protection and improved resistance against disease
Made from organic superfoods which may have superior antioxidant activity to other fruits and vegetables has a broad range of antioxidants, may provide more benefits and protective effects against disease risk than single doses. A single serve provides a wide variety of phytochemicals from 13 fruit and vegetables.
This new supplement is made from organically grown fruit and vegetables have naturally high levels of phytochemicals which have been developed as part of their defence mechanism against environmental stress.
This supplement may activate the protective stress mechanism. Phytochemicals from high consumption of fruit and vegetables act as low dose stressors that improve resistance against more severe stressors.
Ingredients include organic fruit and vegetable powders [Cabbage, Raspberry, Cowberry, Capsicum, Spirulina (2%), Beet, Sea Buckthorn (maltodextrin) (1%), Carrot, American Blueberry, Ginger (0.2%), Spinach], Non Organic Flax seed powder (17.5%) , Inulin (15%), natural flavour (Mulberry), Ascorbic acid (antioxidant), Acacia gum, Green tea extract (3%), Astragalus powder (0.5%), Acerola extract (maltodextrin, starch), Goji extract (0.2%), Steviol glycosides.
New supplement;
High Potency Iron with Enhanced Bioavailability that is vegetarian and vegan friendly
24 mg of elemental iron per capsule with enhanced absorption using Iron diglycinate.
Also included is 500 μg folic acid and 500 μg vitamin B12 to help build red blood cells to carry the iron.
Iron diglycinate is a highly stable and absorbable form of iron. It has been shown to absorb better and have fewer side effects than ferrous sulfate.
The key role of iron is to facilitate oxygen transport by haemoglobin in red blood cells. Red blood cells require iron, folic acid, vitamins B12 and B6 for normal synthesis. Population groups with an increased demand or reduced dietary intake of iron such as pregnant women, athletes, vegetarians and vegans may also have greater need for these nutrients.
Some supplements which may appear vegetable based may be derived from animals. This new supplement goes through the highest quality assurance system to know the origin of all ingredients used. This supplements contains no ingredients of animal origin and is contained in a small, easy to swallow, green vegecap, making it ideal for vegetarian and vegans.
May 2011
Healthy bowels for healthy skin [eczema, psoriasis and acne]
A new herbal laxative supplement may assist waste elimination by supporting regular bowel movements. Unlike pharmaceutical laxatives and castor oil, this herbal supplement does not trigger the release of platelet activating factor (PAF), a pro-inflammatory mediator known to damage the intestinal mucosa. Rather Cascara and Rhubarb work through a variety of mechanisms to improve the contractility and peristaltic action of the lower bowel maintaining intestinal integrity.
In order to minimise griping pain that is often associated with laxative use, Herbal Laxative also contains antispasmodic and carminative herbs Ginger and German Chamomile and Cinnamon, all of which have been traditionally used to relieve intestinal spasm and pain.
Healthy Lymphatics for healthy skin [eczema, psoriasis and acne]
The lymphatic system is an open-ended network of vessels which play crucial roles in fluid regulation, immune function, and waste removal. If the lymphatic system is not sufficiently emptied, lymphatic stasis may occur, which has major implications for skin health. In Iridology the this can be seen as white clouds on the outer part of the iris next to the skin!
A new supplement "Blood and Lymphatic Detoxification" contains key alterative herbs which act through a variety of mechanisms to enhance waste elimination via the lymphatics, blood, and kidneys. Red Sage, has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for skin eruptions and rashes, in order to dispel stasis and cool the blood. Coupled with Nettle to support kidney elimination, and antimicrobial essential oils from Thyme and Wild Marjoram, this well-rounded formula is a must have for the effective management of all skin afflictions.
To get the best results for your skin, all aspects of elimination need to be considered. Two key systems that often need attention in conditions like eczema, psoriasis and acne are the lymphatics and the bowel. Simple herbal and nutritional support options like Herbal Laxative and Blood and Lymphatic Detoxification can help to move toxins through the appropriate elimination channels to ensure radiant skin from the inside-out.
April 2011
Wellness Review (Nutrients for Healthy Skin)
March 2011
Are you constipated?
Functional Constipation must include two or more of the following:
– Straining
– Lumpy or hard stools
– Sensation of incomplete evacuation
– Sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage
– Manual maneuvers to facilitate defecation
– Two or fewer defecations per week
NB Loose stool rarely present without use of laxatives
Have a look at the Bristol stool chart the 1st 2 pictures are common with constipation
Herbs that help with constipation;
Ginger – Stimulates bowel transit and reduces spasm
German Chamomile – reduces spasms and relieves discomfort
Cascara – Safe laxative, does not cause gut inflammation like some other laxatives
Cinnamon – reduces spasm
Rhubarb – Restores bile production. Low bile causes a slow bowel as bile acts like a soap to keep the bowel moving]
All of the above herbs are in a new supplement, ask for "Gut Laxative herbal 60 caps"
Tips to encourage daily bowel function;
Go to the toilet when your body gives you a signal. Do not ignore this signal.
Regular exercise especially using the abdominal muscles
Keep your fluid intake up which includes water, herbal teas, tea, milk
Dietary fibre e.g oats, apples, lentils, barley, fruit, vegetables and cereals.
Make sure any medication you are on does not cause constipation e.g. Antidepressants, narcotic [opiates], poor iron supplements, calcium supplements.
Welcome to Wellness Review [Skin Health]
Did you know…
That those ingrown hairs on the back of your thighs can be a sign that you are low in Vitamin A
Hanging skin tags are are sign of Insulin/blood sugar problems
Cracks in the corners of the mouth are a sign of Iron or B2 deficiency
Iron deficiency can be seen from many symptoms in the mouth
Cracks in the corners of the mouth
Swollen tongue with some loss of the "taste bud" lumps
Pale mouth lining
Thrush on the tongue or mouth
Recurrent mouth ulcers or sores in the mouth
Inflammation in the mouth lining
Burning mouth
Also look out for flattening of the finger nails with some concave hollows on the nail surface
Do you have yellow lumps on the skin anywhere around your eyes?
This is a condition called "Xanthelasmata" and is a warning of possible future heart disease and premature death
Do you have white spots on your nails?
This can be caused by physical trauma to the nails but can also indicate that you have had a bit of a sugar binge. High sugar causes some temporary deficiency of alkalising minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium or Zinc.
Resveratrol and Breast Cancer
The antioxidant compound Resveratrol can interfere with the growth of some forms of breast cancer. It seems to be able to interact with one form of breast cancer gene [BRCA-1] which can be present in women with a family history of breast cancer. This gene can be negatively triggered by exposure to some hydrocarbons and some dioxin like compounds that may be found in polluted soil, air or water.
Skin nutrients
Omega-3 fish oils [lipids] provide structural, hydrating, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits to the skin. All of these benefits are needed in psoriasis.
This is why soaps and detergents can adversely affect the skin by reducing fats [lipids] in the skin.
Six percent of the bodies Zinc is found in the skin and is indispensable for the best possible skin. If you have any skin issues ask for a "Zinc taste test" to determine the level of zinc in your body.
The Ph of the body and the skin helps to regulate the skins bacterial population size and diversity.
Some bacteria are useful to fight off negative bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes [can cause acne vulgaris], Demodex folliculorium [acne rosacea], D. brevis [eczema] and staphylococcus aureus.
Other nutrients needed are Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12
Specific gut bacteria are also important to help tip the immune system in the correct direction [balance T-Helper 1 and 2] but also Th17 in cases of psoriasis.
February 2011
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, with a total surface area between 1.5 to 2 square metres. Skin conditions account for over 15% of all doctors consultations. Healthy skin is an integral part of good health. Not only does the skin provide a physical barrier to protect us from the external environment, but also defends us against bacterial, fungal, and viral infection. It is the starting point in the synthesis of vitamin D. and it is vital for fluid regulation. Even a mild disruption in skin function can have major repercussions not just on skin quality, but on overall health.
Are you itching for relief?
There is now a new lotion to help relieve the irritation and itching of eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and skin infections. It contains herbs, Calendula officinalis (Marigold),Chamomilla recutita (German chamomile), and Avena sativa (Oats) and essential oil from manuka leaf.
Also a new cream for Psoriasis. Ingredients include Vitamin B12 [psoriatic skin is very low in this healing vitamin], Aloe Vera, Evening Primrose Oil, Lavender and Vitamin D3
Other new supplements
New supplement to help prevent cold sores and other herpes virus problems.
New lymph and blood cleansing tablets
New laxative capsules
To help the skin in the long term detoxification of the bowel, lymph, blood and or kidneys is needed.
Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, account for approximately 90% of all deaths in Australia despite the fact that they are largely preventable through dietary and lifestyle modification.
The proportion of our population that is aged over 65 years is predicted to triple in certain areas of Australia by 2051. This is particularly alarming given that chronic disease rates are greater with increasing age. For example, the incidence of coronary heart disease in people aged 75 to 90 years is estimated to be 18 times greater than those aged 40 to 54 years. Take your Fish oil and Co Q10 supplements now!
Co Enzyme CoQ10 and energy production
December 2010
Surprisingly, obesity has been shown to correlate with diabetes only when there are detectable levels of environmental toxins – organochlorides – found in the body. It is not just too much food but too much contaminated food that triggers diabetes.
There is a striking correlation between diabetes and the level of persistent organic pollutants such as PCB's, dioxins and organochlorides which are very long lasting environmental residues from plastics, pesticides and other industrial chemicals. These are part of the blame for diabetes. They have a proven ability to damage pancreatic beta cells, alter glucose [sugar] metabolism and increase inflammation in the body.
High levels of other toxins such as bisphenol A [a plasticiser] have been shown to be associated with a 35 – 40% increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes in the general population.
Also keep in mind that diabetes can cause changes in moods, memory and a slower cognitive speed and an increased risk of dementia. These problems are due to impaired energy metabolism in the brain, dysfunction of the mitochondria, high oxidative stress, inflammation and degeneration of cells.
The brain does not need insulin for uptake and consumption of glucose to the brain but it is important to protect nerve cells that help with learning and memory.
Insulin resistance [which can be a precurser to diabetes] combined with beta-amaloid [seen in Alzheimer's patients] can cause nerve cell insulin resistance. Could dementia now be called "Type 3 Diabetes"?
Co Enzyme CoQ10 and energy production
I had a patient last month who complained of severe muscle pain. It turned out that a statin drug that he used to lower cholesterol was the cause of the pain.
What you can do about your high cholesterol
November 2010
Did you know that;
Statin medications (e.g. Lipotor for lowering Cholesterol) are the world's highest selling class of pharmaceutical drug, with sales reaching more than $US12 billion dollars in 2008
People with type 2 diabetes have a 2 to 3 times increased risk of developing high cholesterol and/or atherosclerosis [hardening of the arteries]
It is estimated that the world-wide prevalence of type 2 diabetes will more than double by 2030, with rates reaching 366 million people. This could have massive implications for the cardiovascular disease in Australia.
Do you have Metabolic Syndrome?
October 2010
Menopause – Wellness Review Article
Latest antioxidant formula supports healthy ageing
Potent antioxidant [standardised 300 mg of Resveratrol bioflavanoid]
Tumeric root
Quercetin bioflavanoid
Reduce your risk of chronic disease with the latest potent antioxidant. 1 tablet daily.
Heart formula now includes CoQ10
A powerful combination of of herbs and nutrients to support heart and cardiovascular health including blood flow to this vital organ. CoQ10 will also increase your energy levels.
Immunity may lose balance in menopause.
Oestrogen plays an important role in regulating immune function, and declining levels throughout menopause increase susceptibility to arthritic and auto-immune pathologies. T-helper 1 (Th1) activity increases gradually and peaks 10 to 30 years after menopause. TH1 higher than Th2 causes a shift to autoimmune diseases in menopausal years. [NB There are herbs that can reduce TH1 and therefore help prevent auto immune diseases].
Chinese herbs shown to support hormones and immunity in menopause.
Rehmannia and other herbs are widely renowned for their adaptogenic benefits, as well as offering hormonal support for menopausal women. A trial of peri-menopausal women showed that taking the six-ingredient rehmannia formula for two months, increased plasma oestradiol levels as well as oestrogen receptor levels in white blood cells, supporting both hormonal health and healthy immune function. These results positively correlated to significant improvements in menopausal symptoms.
Childhood stress associated with earlier age of menopause.
A UK study has revealed that women whose fathers were in manual labour during their childhood reached menopause at an earlier age compared to women whose fathers engaged in non-manual work. Also, children who endure parental divorce go on to reach menopause at an earlier age. Contributing factors are thought to be childhood nutrition, cognition and emotional stress.This study highlights the impact of childhood stress having profound and lasting effects on hormonal health throughout life.
The herbal combination Bupleurum Complex for Nervous Tension and Irritability is shown to support healthy neuronal activity to help relieve anxiety, insomnia, irritability, depression, and hot flushes during menopause, especially when symptoms are exacerbated by stress. The herbs in this formula synergistically ease the stress response and support healthy levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and GABA. These effects help soothe irritability, improve mental focus and manage daytime hot flushes.
Rehmannia Hot Flush Relief is another herbal formula for relieving menopausal symptoms,especially more severe hot flushes and night sweats. Rehmannia is associated with increasing oestrogen activity, reducing neuronal inflammation and promoting healthy bone metabolism.In Rehmannia Hot Flush Relief, rehmannia is combined with zizyphus, a cooling anxiolytic, to help reduce anxiety, sweating and to improve sleep quality. Consider Rehmannia Hot Flush Relief for menopausal symptoms of night sweats, fatigue, anxiety, low libido, vaginal dryness and for those women with osteoporotic risk.
September 2010
Report Confirms Vital Role of Natural Medicine
Does your Menstrual Cycle rule your life?
August 2010
PMS better by Moderate Exercise
Moderate aerobic exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) by modifying hormone levels. In a recent study, oestrogen and progesterone levels were monitored mid-cycle and premenstrually in over 50 PMS sufferers, who either took up regular exercise or remained sedentary. After 24 weeks, the exercising women reported less menstrual pain and water retention, a decreased sense of loneliness, less crying and fewer skin blemishes.
Stress directly impacts on reproductive health.
When stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), the consequent release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol directly impacts on healthy reproductive function. Stress causes the hypothalamus to increase CRH release, which inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. In turn, rising cortisol levels inhibit the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), ovarian oestrogen and progesterone. These effects are responsible for amenorrhoea [loss of periods], which is observed in women during times of anxiety, depression, malnutrition, eating disorders and chronic excessive exercise.
What is PMS really telling us?
Many women can accurately predict the arrival of their monthly menstruation due to irritability, tiredness and chocolate cravings! PMS symptoms are a clear signal that hormonal imbalances are affecting the body and the brain, altering mood and disturbing the stress response. Bupleurum Complex is a herbal formula that may help relieve mood swings and emotional instability caused by hormonal fluctuations. It is shown to help relieve PMS-related symptoms such as depression, irritability, frustration and short-temperedness.
Angelica and Vitex complex is a formula that focuses on the more physical symptoms of PMS, menstrual pain and heavy and/or irregular periods. It reduces high oestrogen/low progesterone levels.
Women with painful and heavy menstruation associated with uterine fibroids, endometriosis and/or polycystic ovarian syndrome may find relief with Cinnamon Complex. It reduces congestion and inflammation.
Latest on weight loss research
Alzheimer's and other Dementias
Insulin Resistance & Weight Loss
July 2010
Could stress trigger Metabolic Syndrome?
The British Medical Journal reported on a 14 year study that found a direct relationship between work stress and Metabolic Syndrome. Over 10,000 civil service employees aged 35 to 55 showed that chronic work stress is associated with more than double the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome. Socioeconomic factors also played a role, as those with higher status jobs were less likely to have Metabolic Syndrome, compared to those with lower status jobs. Other factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercise and diets low in fruit and vegetables were also associated with increased risk of Metabolic Syndrome.
Meditation restores the heart.
A recent study shows that transcendental meditation (TM) may help patients with established heart disease. 103 coronary heart disease patients were assigned either weekly TM practice or health education classes for 16 weeks. Researchers discovered that TM was associated with the benefits of lowered systolic blood pressure, reduced insulin resistance and significantly improved heart rate variability, whereas the health education group did not. These results indicate that, whilst TM is not an alternative to medical therapy, it is a potentially helpful complementary strategy.
June 2010
Australia is in the grip of a rising obesity epidemic
Recent studies estimate that more than half of all Australian women (52%) and two-thirds of men (67%) are overweight or obese. That is, almost 60% of the adult population in Australia is overweight or obese. Obesity is a health crisis that is costing the Australian government up to $1.5 billion a year in direct health costs.1 A quarter of a million Australians have metabolic dysfunctions as a result of being obese. Spare a thought for the obese liver. A healthy liver contains little or no fat. Whilst alcohol abuse is a well known culprit for causing liver damage, insulin resistance and obesity also cause triglyceride accumulation in the liver leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD].
The good news is that low carbohydrate diets are shown to help obese patients with NAFLD. A study has found that after six months of following a low carbohydrate diet, obese patients experience significant weight loss and follow-up liver biopsies revealed histologic improvements in steatosis (fat infiltration), inflammation and fibrosis.
May 2010
Symptomatic relief that supports immunity
Even the healthiest person may experience occasional viral infections, as viral strains are constantly mutating and easily evade immune memory and recognition. To help manage URTIs, the herbs Andrographis paniculata and Picrorriza kurroa are useful for both treating and preventing viral illnesses by supporting immune resistance. In clinical trials, 6 g of andrographis daily during colds has been found to be as effective as standard pharmaceutical antipyretic treatment for relieving sore throat and fever. Further, when compared to placebo, andrographis significantly reduces the overall symptoms and length of respiratory tract infections. NK Cell Regulation is a formula that combines 6 g of andrographis with picrorriza and 15 mg of elemental zinc per tablet, to provide acute relief during colds and 'flu. This formula can also be used to provide ongoing immune support throughout the winter months to prevent infection.
Clearing congested sinuses
During an infection, Antimicrobial Sinus Nasal Spray can to be added to a prescription to help clear congested sinuses with saline, xylitol and essential oils. Available in a convenient nasal spray, this formula provides powerful local anti-inflammatory relief, whilst helping to manage microbial infection.
Relieving cough
Viral infection is responsible for 90% of all acute bronchitis infections, resulting in an acute, wet cough and often leaving patients with a lingering dry, post-viral cough. In either situation, two new formulas have been developed that can help. Containing high levels of herbal extracts, Herbal Relief for Productive Cough provides expectorant, mucolytic and bronchodilating properties, whilst Herbal Relief for Dry Cough offers anti-tussive, antiinflammatory and demulcent mucus membrane support.
Nutritional building blocks to fortify immunity Vitamin C and zinc are rapidly utilised in the immune response to infection, making supplementation essential to support recovery and strengthen resistance to further infection. These essential immune nutrients are involved in virtually every step of the immune response, including T-cell proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and neutrophil viability. Zinc with Vitamin C Powder combines these essential nutrients with beta-carotene, magnesium and vitamin B6 to support healthy immunity, reduce respiratory infections and promote healing and recovery.
April 2010
Do your cells have digestive issues?
Cells have the remarkable ability to self-digest intracellular components, via the process of autophagy. There are now 31 separate genes associated with this catabolic process, which is recognised as a double-edged sword, as it protects cells and triggers apoptosis, but is also involved in the pathogenesis of many serious diseases, including cancer, Crohn's Disease and Parkinson's disease. New research looking at the genes associated with autophagy is revealing new markers in the susceptibility to various chronic diseases.1 We will keep you updated on this new research as it emerges!
Genetic identification turns up clues in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Extensive epidemiological studies throughout Europe, North America and the UK have uncovered striking findings related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The discovery of two specific genes involved in autophagy (ATG16L1 and IRGM) suggests a role for impaired clearance of intracellular bacteria from GIT epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of CD. Meanwhile, three new genes have been associated with UC which have strong association with intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. These studies are leading to significant changes in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD.
Blueberries, broccoli and bowel microflora. Diet is a well-known contributor to the pathogenesis of IBD, and phytonutrient-rich foods have been investigated for their role in protecting the gut from inflammation. In an animal model of IBD, diets containing either 10% of blueberries or 10% broccoli were shown to reduce levels of certain dysboitic microorganisms, whilst increasing butyric acid production in the bowel. These changes collectively improved epithelial barrier integrity and significantly increased goblet cell function in the colon. These findings suggest that blueberries and broccoli contain phytonutrients that can modulate microflora fermentation and intestinal morphology, helping to improve digestive immunity and reduce colonic inflammation.
Are there safe levels of mercury exposure?
The Environmental Protection Agency in the USA has deemed that <0.1 mcg per kilogram of body weight would be considered a safe level of daily mercury exposure; that is, less than 7 mcg daily for a 70 kg person. Consider then that each dental amalgam filling releases 3 – 17 mcg mercury vapour daily,1 and you can see why a New Year's detox is a good idea for many patients!
Could dental amalgam fillings be undermining patients' health?
A New Zealand study of 465 patients diagnosed with mercury toxicity found that 32.3% of patients suffered with severe fatigue, 88.8% had memory loss and 27.5% were depressed; all of which significantly improved with the removal of amalgam fillings.2 This data is further supported by studies reporting a 70% improvement in chronic health complaints after amalgam removal, including chronic fatigue, autoimmune thyroiditis and multiple sclerosis.
Andrographis gives faster relief from the common cold
The immune stimulating herb Andrographis paniculata was shown to powerfully reduce the intensity of cold symptoms in a five day, double-blind, placebo controlled study of 158 adult patients. This study compared andrographis extract to placebo during an acute respiratory tract infection. By day two, the patients taking andrographis experienced a significant reduction in symptoms of tiredness, sleeplessness, sore throat and nasal secretions compared to placebo; and by day four, a significant decrease in all cold symptoms was observed in the andrographis group, but not in the placebo group.
Keep kids rehydrated for learning
A study that correlated hydration and cognitive function in children found that dehydrated infants suffer confusion, irritability and lethargy. In young adults, even mild dehydration corresponding to 1% to 2% of body weight can lead to significant impairment of cognitive function.
Not-so mellow yellow
The yellow food colouring tartrazine has been shown to deplete zinc in children with ADHD, whose zinc levels are often already compromised. The study showed that kids who consumed tartrazine were excreting zinc at a higher rate than controls. Azo dyes and tartrazine also interfere with gut enzyme activity in digestion.
Breast feeding reduces breast cancer risk
From a recent international study, it was found that for every year of breast feeding, the relative risk of breast cancer was reduced by 4.3%, and for every child breast-fed, the relative risk decreased by 3.4%. Compared with controls, the breast cancer patients had a lower incidence of ever having breast-fed at 79% vs. 71%, a shorter average duration of breastfeeding at 15.6 months vs. 9.8 months. An estimated reduction from 6.3 to 2.7 cases of breast cancer per 100 women under 70 years of age would occur in developed countries if the average number of births and the lifetime duration of breast feeding were similar to those in recent years in developing countries. Breastfeeding would account for more than 65% of the reduction. In developed countries, women have 2.5 children on average.
Six extra months of breast feeding per child, compared with the current average, would prevent 25,000 of the nearly 500,000 cases of breast cancer that occur in developed countries per year. Twelve additional months of breast feeding would result in 50,000 fewer cases.
Does paracetamol really reduce fever?
Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the Western world. It is used as an effective pain reliever and it is also widely used to reduce fever, especially in infants. So how effective is paracetamol for reducing fever? Paracetamol's mean antipyretic effect is only 0.24oC, which is insignificant compared to an infant's overall temperature. Therefore, there has been some questions raised regarding the efficacy of paracetamol as an antipyretic agent.
Fever helps heal. As any Natural Medicine Practitioner will know, fevers can actually speed up recovery,1 but high temperatures do need to be closely monitored, particularly in children. Antipyretic strategies should be employed when fevers exceed 39oC in children and 40oC in adults.
Could paracetamol cause allergies? An analysis of 205,487 children aged 6 to 7 years from 31 countries found that the use of paracetamol in the first year of life and in later childhood is associated with increased risk of developing asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. Furthermore, overuse of paracetamol may reduce antibody-mediated antimicrobial responses and actually prolong infections.
Cholesterol statin drug dangers article
|Are heavy periods a pain?
|Women with painful and heavy menstruation associated with uterine fibroids, endometriosis and/or polycystic ovarian syndrome may find relief with Cinnamon Complex for Pelvic Congestion. This herbal formula is traditionally used to disperse and eliminate blood stasis and congestion in the abdominal area. It is also shown to reduce plasma levels of FSH and oestradiol, contributing to its effects in these congestive, inflammatory oestrogen-dependant disorders.
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Lewis & Clark RV Park is located north of Shelby (On I-15 ByPass) off Exit 364. Tent sites and 60 RV sites with 30 & 50 Amp utility hookups, BIG RIG SITES. Included are 44 full hookups, nine, with asphalt pads. Some sites also include satellite TV cable hookup.Laundry facilities, RV supplies propane and ice, and WI-FI are available for our Guests. Open and quiet setting. One of Montana's finest 18-hole golf courses is nearby along the Marias River.Recently added is a 5 mile walking trail across from RV Park.
Sorry, there are no events listed for Shelby at this time.
For those traveling to Shelby on I-15 N/S take North Exit 364,then South 1/8 mile.32 miles south of the Canadian border, 70 miles east of Glacier National Park and 82 miles straight north of Great Falls Last RV Park before entering Canada going to Alaska. Coming from Highway-2 EAST take I-15 ByPass 1/4 mile to RV Park on LEFT just before the Interstate. Coming from Highway-2 WEST get onto Interstate I-15 and go North one mile to Exit 364. RV Park is on Right side of interstate.
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PhD to Consulting Conference 2018
How to register
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How to register
Previous conferences programme
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The PhD to Consulting (PtC) conference is a one day annual event targeted at doctoral and post-doctoral researchers interested in pursuing a career in consulting.
A doctorate nurtures qualities like exceptional problem-solving skills, intellectual curiosity and a drive to achieve outstanding results. Commercial o
rganisations and consulting firms are realising the potential of PhDs, valuing their fresh and thoughtful approach in delivering business insights. However, a number of high calibre researchers are unaware of this opportunity, and find it difficult to locate appropriate resources and guidance to realise a transition from academia to consulting.
The PtC conference provides a platform for discussion and networking for PhD researchers and professionals from top consulting firms. The conference will focus on topics such as:
- Exploring how receptive the UK consulting industry is to PhD students/graduates.
- Determining the scope for PhD recruits in consulting.
- Defining the consulting industry expectations of PhD students/graduates.
- Outlining the skills that PhD recruit should have for a career in consulting and how they may apply.
- Establishing any sector/industry specific demands for PhD students/graduates.
- Analysing typical recruitment and assessment procedures, including case interviews and competencies.
If you are working in a consulting organisation and would like to participate as a speaker, please contact us on
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A limited transparency still surrounds Europe's migrant detention camps. This booklet attempts to increase awareness and shed more light on the situation within the camps.
Published By
- Copyright 2014 by Open Access Now . All rights reserved.
Document Type
This web page is marked up with Schema.org microdata. Much of the necessary microdata is embedded within the HTML that creates the display you see above. The data that shows below is formatted for machine-reading and rounds out the complete descriptive set for this resource. Want more info about all of this? Go here. You can also view the complete dataset for this resource the way a machine sees it here .Title: The Hidden face of Immigration Detention Camps in Europe
Publication date 2014-07-01
Publication Year 2014
Copyright holder(s) Open Access Now
Geographical Focus Europe
Keywords migrants , detained , deportation
Document type Report/Whitepaper , Book
Language English
URL: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/the-hidden-face-of-immigration-detention-camps-in-europe.html
Resource provided by IssueLab