text:
the passive/active system
depicted as a linear scale.
A class is one part of a title assigned to a player of Sburb. the other part being aspect. There are twelve known normal classes and two "master" classes, making 14 known classes in total. Classes describe the intended role of a particular player in Sburb, and how they can use their aspect.
Passive and Active
Gendered Alignment
All the classes have different gender alignments, with some of the classes tending to be assigned to both males and females, with others being exclusive to a certain gender. While not all the gender alignments are known, Calliope has stated there to be equal numbers of male exclusive and female exclusive classes. So far three male exclusive classes (Bard, Prince and Lord) and a single female exclusive class (Muse) have been confirmed. Out of the remaining ten classes, five are known to be assigned to both genders (Knight, Rogue, Seer, and Mage), and the final five have only been shown assigned to a single gender but unconfirmed to be gender exclusive (Heir, Maid, Page, Sylph, and Witch). However given the unbalanced numbers, at least two of the remaining five must be female exclusive (presumably Witch and Maid because of their feminine connotation), with the remaining three (Heir, Sylph, and Page) all assigned to both genders or split between gender exclusive and gender biased.
Rogue and Thief
Rogue and Thief are a pair of classes, respectively passive and active. They are assigned typically, but not exclusively, to female players. They deal with the redistribution of an aspect. While the active Thief will steal, or take their aspect for themselves, the passive Rogue will generally distribute it to someone or something outside of themselves after taking it.
Vriska. the Thief of Light, is notable for stealing "luck" from her allies or enemies, and in doing so making outcomes fall in her favor. She also took what was arguably the most significant part of the battle against the Black King of her session, by landing the killing blow.
Known Thieves are Vriska Serket. the Thief of Light; and Meenah Peixes. the Thief of Life. Known Rogues are Roxy Lalonde. the Rogue of Void; Nepeta Leijon. the Rogue of Heart; and Rufioh Nitram. the Rogue of Breath.
Their placement on the passive–active scale is unknown; if they are active (-), they may be the counterpart to any of the classes of Maid, Knight, Sylph, Witch, or Page. Their gender alignment is unknown, but if only two of the standard classes are female exclusive, Heirs would be biased towards males. Should three of the standard classes be female exclusive, Heirs may be either biased towards males or male exclusive, depending on the alignment of the Page class.
Known Heirs are John Egbert. the Heir of Breath; Equius Zahhak. the Heir of Void; and Mituna Captor. the Heir of Doom.
A common speculation for this class is that it is "one who protects themselves with [aspect]," or "one who is protected by [aspect]." That said, they could be the active (-) counterpart of Maid. This is strongly hinted at here with the quote The heiress is the Maid. though "heiress" could be interpreted as Jane's role in Earth's hierarchy, rather than relating to her class.
Another definition of Heir may be "one who is consumed by [aspect]" "one who becomes [aspect]"or "one who is surrounded by [aspect]," since John was surrounded by the Windy Thing and eventually becomes the wind, which can be loosely assimilated to being consumed by breath. Equius was surrounded by a Void that protected him from D o c Scratch 's omniscience, and Mituna was surrounded by the screams of the imminently deceased (doomed).
Also, it has been theorized that the class of Heir could possibly mean "one that manipulates [aspect]." It is said to be the passive (+) counterpart of Witch, which is speculated to actively "increases or decreases the amount of [aspect]." This can be seen by how both John and Jade seemingly can control of their aspects, John by using the "Windy Thing" to save others, and Jade by changing the amount of space a planet holds by shrinking/enlarging them. There isn't any other evidence of this, however.
The title "Heir" could also have a more literal meaning, as "one who inherits/receives [aspect]." John, the Heir of Breath. receives a sort of freedom from the storyline when he is affected by Lrd English 's "treasure", and Mituna receives a kind of doom when he loses part of his sanity.
The exact powers of a Maid are unknown. Aradia (the Maid of Time) was able to freeze Jack. while Jane was able to heal herself after being stabbed, and is able to bring people back from the dead, although according to Jade, that ability is limited to one use per person. Likewise, its passive/active alignment is also unknown; it could be the passive or active counterpart to any of the classes Heir, Sylph, Witch, Knight, or Page. All seen Maids have been female, however whether the Maid class is exclusively female is unknown. Should either the Witch or Sylph classes be revealed to not be female exclusive, or either the Page or Heir classes be revealed to be male exclusive, the Maid class would be female exclusive. As of the gigapause, there is a 91.6% chance that Maids are female exclusive.
Not immediately apparent in most renditions, the Maid outfit has a front pocket akin to a typical hoodie. It shares this quality with the Heir. Rogue. and Page outfits, although it's currently unclear whether the other classes have similarly equipped outfits. So far Maids are the only class that have been seen with two colors (not counting different shades of the same color) on the shoes that are unique to the rest of the outfit. The Maid outfit also features bandages wrapped around the lower legs.
Known Maids are Jane Crocker. the Maid of Life; Aradia Megido. the Maid of Time; and Porrim Maryam. the Maid of Space.
One theory is that the Maid class is a pun, and that Maids are "made of (aspect)" or "provide themselves with [aspect]," which could make it the active (-) counterpart to the Page class, whose role is speculated to be "provides others with [aspect]." It is also possible that Maid is shorthand for "Handmaid" or "Shieldmaiden", fitting with its class's apparent focus on protecting/defending.
Maid could be the passive (+) counterpart of the Heir class; if Heir is "one who protects themselves with/is protected by [aspect]," then Maid could be "one who allows others to be protected by/one who protects [aspect]" - as in, literally one who serves their aspect. In this way, Aradia froze Jack to protect others and protected time by maintaining the timeline, and Jane can bring back the dead, protecting their lives. Also, Maid could refer to "protecting/cleaning up/tidying [aspect]." Aradia, when talking to Sollux, mentioned that the reason she was accompanying Vriska on her mission to find L rd English 's treasure was because all loops must be tidied up even his. And if Heir is "one who is surrounded by [aspect]," then Maid may be "one who surrounds others with [aspect]," as seen when Aradia surrounds Jack Noir in a field of stopped Time.
Maids may also be the active (-) counterpart to the Sylph class, being healers or repairers, as Sylph appears to be a healer class. Aradia used time travel to avert doomed timelines, in essence, "repairing the timeline," and Jane repaired her planet, herself, and Karkat's Life.
It is also possible that the Maid is "someone who protects themselves and/or others with [aspect]," since Jane could resurrect herself after being stabbed. Aradia could also use her time powers to freeze Jack in time, thus protecting herself with time. There is also a possible example of this later in the comic when Aradia says that she'd slow down Jack while Rose, Dave and the other trolls went ahead during the "race"; she might have used her time powers to do this. This could make it the passive (+) counterpart to the Knight class, Knights being speculated as those who fight (for themselves/for others) with [aspect] and Maids being those that protect themselves and others. This also could allude to Roxy's description of the active/passive classes being similar to the "attack/defend powers in an RPG."
Yet another interpretation is that a Maid is "one who gives [aspect]." Aradia gave the Trolls, Dave, and Rose time when she stalled Jack Noir and boosted the meteor towards its destination, and Jane is able to give life to others by reviving them once they die.
Pages seem to have a tendency to begin their sessions with a personal deficit in their aspect. Tavros entered the Medium crippled with dreams of flying, and had to overcome this (using a rocket car and robotic legs) in order to make any significant impact on the session. Jake begins his session with his dream self dead, making it harder for him to ascend to god tier. which may be considered a loss of Hope.
Known Pages are Jake English. the Page of Hope; Tavros Nitram. the Page of Breath; and Horuss Zahhak. the Page of Void.
Due to the contextual relation in the name, Pages are speculated to be the passive counterpart to a Knight. (In medieval times, a Page was a sort of apprentice to a Knight; this interpretation of the title's origin more closely aligns with the feudalistic naming scheme of the classes.) Knights are thought to be warriors that exploit or equip themselves with their aspect as a weapon: one who wields one's aspect, while the Page may be the passive counterpart: one who equips others with one's aspect. This implies that Tavros, as the Page of Breath, is able to equip others with breath, explaining the Breath symbol that appeared when he prepared to revive Vriska with his kiss.
However, "Page" could also be taken as "a blank sheet of paper," which would point to the potential they have and possibly make the Page as actually something to do with exploiting potential rather than that just being a side effect of their powers.
Page may also refer to the middle age term for a young knight in training. This would directly enact the idea of a page being weak at first but having extreme potential.
Pages might be a male-exclusive class, as the real-life profession is that of a male servant.
Known Knights are Dave Strider. the Knight of Time; Karkat Vantas. the Knight of Blood; and Latula Pyrope. the Knight of Mind.
The Knight could be defined as "one who equips themselves with [aspect]" or "one who improves themselves with [aspect]," as supported by Aradia's statement, Dave's manipulation of the timeline for his own benefits, and Karkat's leadership efforts to make bonds to unify his team as well as his calls on his teammates against adversaries; this could make it the active counterpart to Page (see above).
The Knight is often secondarily tasked with breeding the Genesis Frog ; in two sessions (A2 and B1) seen thus far, the Knight has assisted the Hero of Space in the breeding. The extent to which this is required in sessions with a Knight is unclear, as is the necessity of a Knight for a successful session.
All Knights seen thus far have made a point of concealing their innermost selves- in part because of a physical "imperfection"- where possible. Dave puts on the "aloof coolkid" mask, complete with shades that hide his unnatural eyes. Karkat has his "shouty angry leader" act, in part because of the aspirations he had to become a leader- aspirations that are speculated to be a means for him to deal with otherwise crippling self deprecation on account of his mutated blood. Latula's "rad girl gamer" act fits with this pattern as well, as it was noted by Aranea in Openbound 1 that the Knight had lost her sense of smell.
It may be significant that two Knights have been seen to have problems with other versions of themselves- Dave being creeped out by the "other hims" and Karkat always having arguments with his future and past selves. No example of this has been seen with Latula, however.
Knights might be protectors of their aspect as well, examples being Dave's conscious efforts to maintain the timeline and concerns over John's new timeline-altering powers, as well as Karkat's protection of his team/comrades (Blood) throughout their session and post-scratch.
Knight is also sometimes speculated as a "protector", or one who uses their aspect to protect their teammates rather than to advance themselves, which could potentially make it counterpart to Heir or Maid instead. Dave has so far saved the lives of all the members of his team. Karkat tried to protect his team through his leadership; for example: Gamzee and Eridan in their rampages; and in pacifying Gamzee. In a more personal level, it may be interpreted as "one who protects/conceals their [aspect]," as Dave is responsible for maintaining the timelines, Karkat attempts to keep his mutant blood color a secret, and Porrim strongly suspects that Latula is hiding the true extent of her knowledge. Karkat, as the Knight of Blood, also has a unique leadership role, being outside the hemospectrum, and better suited to pacify a jumble of different-blooded trolls. This could qualify as using his blood to his advantage.
The Seer is usually taken as "one who benefits others with their knowledge pertaining to [aspect]" or "one who leads and guides with knowledge pertaining to [aspect]." As stated below. a Mage/Seer class pairing is strongly implied.
The exact definition of the Mage class is unknown, as is its passive/active alignment. The Mage class is assigned to both males and females.
Known Mages are Sollux Captor. the Mage of Doom; and Meulin Leijon. the Mage of Heart.
The Mage class is most commonly thought to be the active counterpart to Seer, someone that "benefits themselves with knowledge pertaining to [aspect]" and "guides by setting an example using knowledge pertaining to [aspect]," like how Sollux actively led the surviving trolls away from their doom. The pairing is further alluded to by the fact that, in the post-scratch Troll session, only the Seer and Mage are blind, and Sollux says that iit2 kiind of liike how a prophet earn2 hii2 2triipe2, by beiing bliind, liike how an angel earn2 iit2 wiing2. In the pre-scratch session, however, the Mage was the only one of the pair to lose one of their senses--Meulin's hearing. The fact that Latula, the Knight of Mind, lost her sense of smell calls the pairing into question. In addition, Mages, like Seers, seem to be more directly cognizant of their exiles' commands. However, Mituna also saw a great doom ahead of time and promptly stopped it despite being the Heir of Doom rather than a Mage of
Doom, leading to a possibility that those with the Doom aspect generally have some ability to foresee doom and calamity no matter which class they are assigned to.
Mages could also be speculated as "one who receives knowledge from [aspect]" as opposed to the Seer's "one who gains knowledge through [aspect]." Sollux heard the voices of the imminently dead (the doomed,) and Meulin Leijon. despite being deaf, is able to communicate with her ex-matesprit; in essence, she could hear his soul (which could be taken literally, given his use of telepathy, she hears his self.)
Another definition is that a Mage is "one who creates [aspect]." Sollux created the mobius double reacharound virus, which supposedly works like a curse that resulted in the death of the trolls lusii, although it actually prevented a far more sinister timeline in which Gamzee kills everyone. Sollux's creation of Sgrub, as well as the creation of the virus, could also be seen as evidence that Mages are in fact "ones who create [aspect]," although whether this makes the class active or passive is debatable. Meulin's reputed skills as a masterful matchmaker, even bringing together unlikely pairings, also supports this view.
Mage class could also be the passive (+) counterpart to the Witch class and can mean "one who manipulates with or through the use of [aspect]" or "one who is manipulated by [aspect]." This can be shown by how Meulin is being manipulated through Kurloz, her former matesprit (which is a quadrant represented by a heart,) and how Sollux was manipulated by the voices of the imminently deceased or the doomed, as well as ghostly Aradia.
Yet another speculation is that Mage is synonymous to being "given protection from [aspect]'s ill effects." Sollux had two dream selves, was able to exit the dream bubble he was in, and only half died, while Meulin seems to have been spared heartbreak despite her romantic troubles.
Alternately, a Mage could be "one who uses [aspect] to the benefit of others, but to the detriment of themselves." This would explain the fact that Sollux's abilities benefit the team overall, but cause him a great deal of personal distress. It would also account for the fact that Meulin has such terrible luck in her romantic life, despite her outstanding ability to bring other couples together.
The Sylph is a magic-based class that is thought to specialize in healing. As a Sylph of Light, Aranea healed primarily by helping people to see things, both figuratively and literally. In the figurative sense, she focused on helping people to heal from psychological wounds. In the literal sense, she restores Terezi's eyesight for her, as well as Jake's mind. Its placement on the passive/active scale is unknown, although most speculate it to be passive. All seen Sylphs have been female, however whether the Sylph class is exclusively female is unknown. Should either the Witch or Maid classes be revealed to not be female exclusive, or either the Page or Heir classes be revealed to be male exclusive, then the Sylph class would be female exclusive. As of the gigapause, there is a 91.6% chance that Sylphs are female exclusive.
Known Sylphs are Kanaya Maryam. the Sylph of Space; and Aranea Serket. the Sylph of Light.
Sylphs and Witches could have something to do with secrets as well. The traditional connotations of sylphs and witches are generally mysterious and secretive. All of the known Sylphs and Witches are friendly, even-tempered or perhaps inconsequential on the surface (Feferi, Jade, Aranea, Kanaya, Damara before she was corrupted,) but they were actually all surprisingly powerful in some way, and could get really fiery if you pushed them to their limits. Additionally, the known Witches and Sylphs seem to have entered their sessions quite late, and according to Jade's comments it was quite a long path realizing herself as a witch, as she was the last to enter, the last to find her powers, and the last to god tier. This would be supported by Aranea's unlocking light for others, and Jade's unlocking space by her teleporting, expanding/shrinking, and moving powers.
Maids are also speculated to be Sylphs' active (-) counterpart as one who heals or restores. Aradia, as the Maid of Time, used time travel to avert doomed timelines, thus "repairing" the timeline, and Jane, as the Maid of Life, healed herself using her powers, which is similar to Aranea's use of light to heal people. Jane and Kanaya also had similar transformations into absurd creatures who avenged themselves on insensitive characters, with several directly parallel panels.
The Witch is an active (-) class. The exact definition of the Witch class is unknown. Jade Harley (the Witch of Space) is able to change the size, velocity, and position of things in space, and an alternate-timeline Feferi (the Witch of Life) was shown healing WV in a dream bubble. All seen Witches have been female, however, whether the Witch class is exclusively female is unknown. Should either the Maid or Sylph classes be revealed to not be female exclusive, or either the Page or Heir classes be revealed to be male exclusive, than the Witch class would be female exclusive. As of the gigapause, there is a 91.6% chance that Witches are female exclusive.
Known Witches are Jade Harley. the Witch of Space; Feferi Peixes. the Witch of Life; and Damara Megido. the Witch of Time.
The most common definition of a Witch is "one who manipulates [aspect]," although that seems a little vague. Witches are most possibly the active counterpart to Sylph, which is explored in the Sylph section. as either "one who physically or literally manipulates [aspect] to benefit themselves" (as opposed to "one who abstractly or psychologically manipulates [aspect] to benefit others") or else "one who unlocks [aspect]" (as opposed to "one who unlocks [aspect] for others.")
Another speculation is that Witch is related to "breaking the rules" of their aspect. Feferi was able to establish an afterlife through dream bubbles, therefore breaking the rules of Life. Jade displays powers that completely go against the laws of physics. This could make Witches the active (-) counterpart to Mages, if they are also related to the rules in some fashion as is sometimes speculated, whether it be the Mage enforcing/enacting the rules due to being manipulated by said rules or the Mage having the power to manipulate the rules.
While Witches manipulate their aspect, Heirs appear to be manipulated by their aspect and passively control their aspect. This could make Heirs the passive (+) counterpart to Witches.
Witch could also be a pun. Witches might choose "which" portion of their aspect they want, such as Jade choosing which Space to occupy, including traveling to another session, and Feferi choosing which Life to lead.
Bard and Prince
Bard redirects here. For the protagonist of Bard Quest. see the Bard .
Bard and Prince are a pair of classes, respectively passive and active, that are exclusively male and deal with destruction. The Prince, as the active, is literally simplified to "destroyer of [aspect]" or "one who destroys via [aspect]." Bards are somewhat stranger, in that they "allow destruction of [aspect]" or "invite destruction through [aspect]." The Bard is also quite the wildcard, unpredictable by nature and thus equally likely to help or hinder his party, often to great effect. In extreme cases they are single-handedly responsible for their party's massive downfall, their improbable victory, or sometimes even both.
The Prince's powers seem to include phenomenal offensive abilities, using their aspect to completely overwhelm other aspects or players. Eridan. as the Prince of Hope, killed or knocked out a lot of his teammates, including Sollux, who up to that point was one of the most powerful fighters in his session (only Gamzee, Vriska, and, possibly, Equius were stronger.) He also destroyed the Matriorb. the trolls' hope for the survival of their race. While unconfirmed, evidence seems to indicate that the "white science" powers he used were actually his aspect, Hope, being used as an attack. If this is the case, then Princes may be able to channel their aspect into its physical form for destructive purposes. Dirk. the Prince of Heart, literally "destroyed heart" as he killed the Hegemonic Brute (Hearts Boxcars.) Later on, he also literally began ripping out the soul of Aranea Serket. If the pre-scratch version of Dave's bro is any indication, Dirk is also an incredibly strong fighter. Princes also tend to lack their aspect; Dirk describes himself as heartless and Eridan says that there is no hope left when he wants to join Jack. Additionally, Kurloz, the Prince of Rage, is always seen as being completely calm in all situations.
Gamzee, as the Bard of Rage, could enter some sort of berserk mode, causing deep fear in everyone around and becoming exceptionally strong. When he did, he was surrounded by a strange purple lightning, which turned red later, and may have been Rage itself considering the purple colours of his god tier robes. This suggests that Bards can use their aspect to improve their own abilities and possibly others. Throughout most of his life and most of the game, he allowed his rage (his calling as grand highblood) to be destroyed by consuming his Sopor slime which left him docile and harmless. Later on he allows his Rage to be destroyed by Karkat and sets a trap for Terezi that, by inspiring Rage against Vriska. invites her to commit destruction. During his stay on the meteor, his uncanny ability to inspire Rage in Terezi results in him becoming her kismesis, which proves to be a very negative (or self-destructive, as it were) relationship for her. He has been seen in god tier clothing while in possession of Aradia's music box time machines, suggesting that like the jokerkind strife specibus can use other weapons, Bards can use their aspect to "mimic" the powers of other aspects. This would be in keeping with the idea that Bards and Princes are an opposite pairing: the Prince overwhelms other aspects entirely, while the Bard exploits other aspects to strengthen their own aspect.
Alternative to the previous views on a pure-destructive class, the Prince class may also be one that destroys in order to make new opportunities for creation, for rebuilding and improvement on their aspect. The prime example of this is Dirk as the Prince of Heart: 1) He breaks the heart of Roxy and her obsession with him so that she might develop stronger relationships with others over the course of their game. 2) Dirk destroys Jake's fake confidence and fantasies of adventure so that he might develop the real confidence necessary to pursue his true power as a Page of Hope. 3) Dirk destroys Jane's romantic chances with Jake, forcing her to come to terms with her timid and go-with-the-flow personailty so that she can become a stronger and more decisive person in the future. 4) Dave's bro and B1 iteration of Dirk destroys Dave's emotional development as a child, only to have B2 Dirk become someone cathartic and healing to his lingering emotional issues. 5) Dirk even breaks himself down into 'splinters' in attempts to improve and better understand himself, but winds up forced to confront the most negative aspects of his personality and how to overcome them.
Eridan can also be viewed in this way, as he forcefully destroyed Hope in his destruction of the Matriorb and killing members of the troll group, but in so doing forced them out of the lingering depression and inertia caused by their failures in creating the B1 universe and the unleashed dog-Jack killing their dream-selves. Eridan's actions become important for building new relationships and creating a new hope for the future of trolls as they join the humans in the B2 session.
The god tier outfit for Princes seems to consist of pantaloons and a tiara, much like an ordinary prince, despite the class's non-literal nature. Interestingly, the tiara appears to be attached to the hood. Dirk later confirms that the hood does indeed have " some sort of cloth tiara deal embedded in it. " It should be noted that, in a somewhat related circumstance, the god tier outfit of the Bard class comes standard with a clown-like form better suiting a jester and massive codpiece, which is a highly likely reference to Bard Quest 's Hull of the Flagship codpiece.
Prince may have been made a "destroyer class" as a reference to the King's Quest series of computer games, in which destroying things is considered "the nature of princes."
Known Bards are Gamzee Makara. the Bard of Rage; and Cronus Ampora. the Bard of Hope. Known Princes are Dirk Strider. the Prince of Heart; Eridan Ampora. the Prince of Hope; and Kurloz Makara. the Prince of Rage.
Muse and Lord
Calliope has stated that these two classes (the so-called master classes) are significantly more powerful than the others, and that these are the classes she and Caliborn have. Her class, Muse, is female-exclusive and the most passive of all classes, while Caliborn's class, Lord, is male-exclusive and the most active. Presumably, these classes are paired.
It could be speculated that these classes deal with interference in a cosmic level, with Lrd English (who is Caliborn) destroying the dream bubbles and being the leader of the Felt (who are notorious for interfering with time -- although this theoretically may just be due to the fact that the aspect of their player, who is Caliborn, is time; eg, a hero of light might have luck/fortune based leprechauns, or a hero of breath might have wind based leprechauns) and Calliope inserting herself, or at least, her trollsona, into real events.
It could also be speculated that the muse class is based on the traditional role of a Muse, to inspire. The tale of Calliope's tragedy has inspired hundreds of souls to seek her soul out, or, at the very least, to seek a way to kill Caliborn. This also ties in with the Muse being the most passive class of all, as all Calliope has done to fulfil her role is die at her brother's hands.
It is possible that these classes are "master classes" in the sense that they are "master copies," or guidelines for what defines active and passive classes.
Aranea, in Act 6 Intermission 5, describes the two options Yaldabaoth offers Caliborn in The Choice. The options may delineate the roles of the two master classes. Caliborn, of course, as an active player, chooses the more active choice: to prove himself through a series of trials before receiving unconditional immortality and a limitless supply of power, "to destroy anything he wanted, for as long as he wanted." The other option, which could correspond to Calliope's role as a Muse, is for the player to give up all ambition and accept her own death in exchange for the promise that her sacrifice will benefit all who ever lived by ending "a force of unfathoma8le evil and destruction" - in other words, the player who chose the first option.
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Source: mspaintadventures.wikia.com
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Junior Squash at OVSC
There is a thriving junior squash programme at the club led by Peter Crossman.
Local schools are encouraged to arrange programmes and there is a junior club night every Monday between 4.45pm and 5.45pm, and a junior academy on Fridays between 4.30pm and 5.30pm.
Teams have been entered in the Surrey Junior Surrey Cup Competition and the Surrey Youth games and a junior annual tournament takes place.
If you are interested in learning more about squash at OVSC please contact the OVSC office at firstname.lastname@example.com or Peter at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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I think we're talking leaving your car here, rather than the popular and, let's face it, delicious cake you eat around Bonfire night. Enjoy.
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Ganaraska Oak Ridges Trail is a 28.0 kilometer moderately trafficked point-to-point trail located near Pontypool, Ontario, Canada that features a lake and is rated as moderate. The trail offers a number of activity options and is accessible year-round. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
dogs on leash
horseback riding
off road driving
trail running
Oak Ridges Morraine Trail Association , Admin PHONE: 905-833-6600
Monday, October 10, 2016
Pay for parking , cash only
Sunday, September 11, 2016
Not too difficult in a 4X4


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CEE Professor and Chair Jerome Hajjar and CEE Assistant Professor Andrew Myers received a grant from the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center to develop a national agenda for research on offshore wind energy infrastructure.
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Faculty Profile
- Ph.D., Structural Engineering and Geomechanics, Stanford University, 2009
- B.S., Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 2004
- Professional Engineer: California
- 2016 NSF CAREER Award
- 2013 CEE Excellence in Teaching Award
- 2007 NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institute Fellowship
- American Institute of Steel Construction
- American Society of Civil Engineers
- Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
- Structural Engineers Association of Northern California
- A. Jay, A.T. Myers, F. Mirzaie, A. Mahmoud, S. Torabian, E. Smith, B.W. Schafer, Large-Scale Bending Tests of Slender, Tapered Spirally Welded Steel Tubes, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 2016
- A. Jay. A.T. Myers, S. Torabian, A. Mahmoud, E. Smith, N. Agbayani, B.W. Schafer, Spirally Welded Steel Wind Towers: Buckling Experiments, Analyses and Research Needs, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Elsevier, 125, 2016, 218-226
- S. Hallowell, A.T. Myers, Site-Specific Variability of Load Extremes of Offshore Wind Turbines Exposed to Hurricane Risk and Breaking Waves, Wind Energy, Wiley, 2016
- V. Valamanesh, A.T. Myers, S.R. Arwade, Multivariate Analysis of Extreme Metocean Conditions for Offshore Wind Turbines, Structural Safety, Elsevier, 2015
- S. Hallowell, A.T. Myers, Variability of Breaking Wave Characteristics and Impact Loads on Offshore Wind Turbines Supported by Monopiles, Wind Energy, 19(8), 2015, 1553
Andrew T. Myers
Andrew Myers is an Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Northeastern University and a registered professional engineer in the state of California. Prior to joining Northeastern, Andrew worked for two years at AIR Worldwide in San Francisco, where he consulted on site-specific natural catastrophe risk assessments.
He received his M.S. (2006) and Ph.D. (2009) at Stanford University and his B.S. (2004) from Johns Hopkins University; all three degrees are in Civil and Environmental Engineering with a focus on Structural Engineering. His interests include multi-scale experimental testing of structures, computational mechanics-based simulation, probabilistic modeling of structural and natural systems, home renovations and CrossFit.
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Sagar Kamarthi (MIE) has been selected as a panel speaker and Andrew Myers (CEE), Yunsi Fei (ECE), & Edgar Goluch (ChE) have been invited to participate at the National Academy of Engineering's eighth Frontiers of Engineering Education (FOEE) symposium.
Northeastern has awarded grants to two groups of faculty to promote Advancing Teaching and Learning at Northeastern.


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'Location, location, location' may be the byword for the Zanzibar Serena Hotel. Favourably situated right on ancient Stone Town's beach, this hotel guarantees guests a seaside holiday steeped in the city's vibrant history and culture.
From any of the hotel's 51 Luxury Rooms you can catch a glimpse of Stone Town's dhow harbours, colourful bazaars, Portuguese forts, and the Indian Ocean. Serena's décor and design reflects Stone Town's rich cultural history with Swahili, Arabic, and colonial influences tastefully infused throughout.
All the rooms and suites come with Wi-Fi, air conditioning, 24-hour room service, satellite TV, a mini-bar, and more. Each of the 39 Standard Rooms are furnished with king-size and twin-size beds. But don't stay indoors. There is magic outside your hotel room: dine on freshly caught seafood at the hotel's Terrace Restaurant or head off to Serena's beach hideaway for an exclusive seaside BBQ. The hotel swimming pool is a great spot to tan with a drink in hand while the nearby beach offers up a range of water sports. And if the kids start getting in your hair, baby sitters can be arranged.
- Favourably located right on the beach of Zanzibar's historic Stone Town
- 51 Luxury Rooms with great views and all essential amenities
- Fine food and wine available at the hotel restaurant or any of the nearby eateries
- In-house wedding planning makes this a prime spot for a beach wedding or seaside honeymoon
- Caters for meetings, conferences, and business travel


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|Separate WCs
|2,400 sq ft
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
When you stay at Casa Mariposa you will enjoy an amenity which is uncommon in homes that are located in the town of San Pancho. Here, you will have a sense of living in your own tropical resort. Within it's private walls, this home sits on an immense (18,000 sq. ft.) lot filled with tropical palms, fruit trees, and flowering plants. A beautiful home located in a peaceful setting 'Your Home In San Pancho' is a two story home, with a master bedroom and bathroom on the upper floor along with a large terrace. The ground floor has the kitchen, living/dining room, 1/2 bath and laundry room. Also on this lower floor there are additional bedrooms, each with their own private bathroom. For added privacy these bedrooms are accessed from their own entrance on the front porch. We have a small pool for lounging around or taking a dip in. It is a short and flat 10 minute walk through town to the beach. When walking to the beach you can explore the many restaurants, stores, shops, and art galleries of our sweet town. A very enjoyable stroll, a great way to start or end your day. Also, if you like, our property manager can help you make arrangements from exploring the area to having a chef prepare special meals for you in the home.
Keywords: House
Dear Larry, We had a wonderful time, your home is beautiful and we were quite comfortable there. Discovering San Pacho was quite a treat and I would recommend your home to others. The property managers were very helpful, friendly and informative. The taxi was available upon our arrival and our travel was quite smoothe. I only wish we had more time! We hope to come again, thanks so much! Carol
Larry's place is gorgeous oasis, especially in the summer heat. We loved our stay and found it to be the perfect base in San Pancho, about a 10-minute walk from the beach through a very quaint town (quality food and shopping options). Kitchen was fully stocked and ready for cooking. House was clean, rooms offer a lot of privacy, especially in a group of three. Palapa made for a wonderful spot for morning breakfasts. Would absolutely stay again!
What a perfect house. We loved the pool and the covered outdoor patio. The master bedroom and bath were spacious. The house was layed out perfectly. We did a lot of cooking and the kitchen was well stocked. We would definitely rent this house again.
Cada Mariposa exceeded our expectations, the pictures don't really tell how well put together the house is. Great taste, is not the tipical Mexican decor and still has a very traditional touch. Beds are super comfortable with very good size bathrooms. But the best was the time we spend outside by the pool with the family.
The only advice I have for the owner is to get a streaming device for the TV (Chromecast, Apple TV, Roku) as there is no cable or antena so we were not able to use it. Although we didn't really need it
You will not regret your stay here
My brother and sister-in-law joined me at Casa Mariposa as we were attending our niece's wedding in San Pancho.
The pictures do not do this beautiful Oasis justice.The tropical grounds are manicured and they and the pool are much larger than in the photos.
We had breakfast and several dinners on the large covered patio and comfortable chairs and a large table to enjoy our meals.
The home itself is is beautiful with large bedroom/baths,lovely living room and the kitchen had plenty of pots,pans, glasses and plates.
Casa Mariposa is the perfect place to relax and only a 10 minute walk to downtown San Pancho and the beach.
It was just what we wanted!!
Roxanne (from Ecuador) and Mike and Angi (from San Francisco,Calif.)
The house and property as as advertised. The pool is perfect for cooling off and relaxing by when not feeling like the beach. The outdoor patio is perfect for morning coffee or relaxing under the fan. The house is great, comfortable and it has all you need. Great decorating and true Mexican charm. We rented a cart one day and wish we had done it more. The walk to the beach can be long on a hot day. The property management team is helpful and friendly and we as well loved meeting Marcel the groundskeeper and his family. Ask him to cut open some coconuts if you see him. Thanks for sharing the house with us!
The home is laid out perfectly for relaxing or entertaining. The garden is awesome with lots of animals and beautiful landscaping. The pool was to warm, but what are you gonna do!?! The kitchen is well equipped and the AC works well. When there was a problem, the management company fixed it quickly. The only thing that needs changing is that the bed in the master is a bit old and saggy, other then that, we loved our stay in San Pancho.
Great place to just relax and enjoy the day. Walk on the beach, go horseback riding, hike around, bird watch, sit on the beach with a cold beer. Take day trips to surrounding towns and areas. Lots of wonderful restaurants you can walk to.
|Rental Period
|Minimum Price
|Additional Nights
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
|Event Price
My Standard Rate
3 night minimum stay
for 3 nights
|Notes: Rates are based on 2 guests; add £16 per night, per additional guest
|Cleaning Fee per week
Rates are as follows: Party of 2 is $145 USD per night. Add $20 per person per night for all people over the first 2 people. This is a 3 bedroom home so the maximum number of guests is limited to 6. Add $50 per night for major holidays of Thanksgiving (Nov. 25th through 30th), Christmas and New Years (Dec. 23rd through Jan 1st)
* Approximate monthly price. Actual pricing will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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is responsible for the compliance of
the cleaning plan and the control
Essia worked for over 10 years in this sector, the training she has taken in Germany at big and smal companies
Celine Cleaning is a well establish, versatile and vibrant professionally managed run cleaning service, operating at the Costa Blanca providing both domestic and commercial cleaning. We take immense pride in our cleaning services, which are renowned for its reliability, efficiency, quality and affordability.
As a professionally managed company, be it your home or your place of work, we provide our services with respect, trust and care.
Having been in the cleaning industry for several years we have mastered the art of cleaning, to provide our cleaning services to match and surpass our customer expectations.
We always endeavour to provide a tailor-made cleaning service that best suits the varying demands of our customers.
Our team consists of hard-working, well-experienced, fully trained, pleasant and trustworthy individuals who take great pride in being a part of our organization in providing a professional and caring cleaning service to our customers.
All our cleaners are subject to a strict screening process to ensure we use the best for the best!
To find out more about any of our service or to book a service call us on 693 482 305


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Buyers Agent
Listing Agent
Landlord Representation
Registered Users (please sign in)
Not Registered Users (please sign up)
Buyers Agent
Listing Agent
Landlord Representation
Years of Experience
Areas Served
Boston and
surrounding areas
Judy Sullivan is an experienced agent who started her career as a Real Estate Agent in Washington D.C. doing both Sales and Rentals. While there she worked at Randall Hagner in Dupont Circle and a boutique firm in Georgetown known as Debby Doyle Realty (1985-1991). Ms. Sullivan owned a real estate office in Newton Centre for 5 years called "Residential Realty" (2000-2005) located at 95 Union St which she sold in 2005. A couple years later, she joined Centre Realty Group where she continues to be a full time broker and look's forward to assisting you with all your real estate needs! As an independent and experienced Broker, Judy is committed to making your real estate experience enjoyable, successful and one you will want to recommend to others!
Specialties: Judy Sullivan handles the Boston/Metro West area in Sales as both a Buyer's Broker and Listing Agent. For Rentals she covers mainly Newton, Watertown, Waltham, Wellesley, Weston, Needham and Belmont areas. As a native "Bostonian", knows the area well! She is efficient, trustworthy and well versed in all aspects of real estate sales and rentals!
Looking to buy or sell contact me


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Melanie "Mel" Robbins is perhaps best known as a CNN commentator or author, but she is also considered a motivational speaker. Which is odd, considering that in the four minutes and change below she does everything she can to destroy the idea of motivation in an effort to help us …Read More »
The Role of Faith When Doctors Don't Have the Answers
On a micro-level, pain has a way of making your mind race. On a macro-level, being physically broken in your health forces a much broader perspective on life. For reasons that are comfortably beyond my understanding, God has me right in the thick of it right now. Like right now. I'm …Read More »
Why Legendary Running Back Bo Jackson Wishes He Never Played Football
As an 80's baby, Bo Jackson was my hero. The world had never seen an athlete like him and possibly still hasn't. He's a living legend—a Heisman trophy winner and the only athlete in history to be an All-Pro in the NFL and an All-Star in Major League Baseball. I will …Read More »
This "Shake-Free" Spoon Overcomes Embarrassing Hand Tremors
Praise God that this is one of those items the overwhelming majority of us don't need. While most of us are thoroughly enjoying our meals, there are some who dread the socially isolating shame of trying to eat while suffering from hand tremors. This one hits home for me as …Read More »
20 Home Remedies for a Chest Cold
I woke up this morning with a chest cold thanks to my 18-year-old and 7-year-old children and decided to do a quick Google search for home remedies before heading to the airport. If you have a chest cold, you likely would welcome some relief, as would I. Many of these …Read More »
How 'Healthy' Food Labels May be Contributing to Obesity Epidemic
In the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, investigators found that we are likely to consume more of a certain food if we perceive it to be healthy. Researchers conducted three experiments on three groups of people to reach their findings. They enrolled 50 undergraduate students to complete the Implicit Association …Read More »
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: CDC's Vaccines Targeting African-American Boys
I am the mother of a 20-year-old African-American young man who was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder at age 15. He was a perfectly normal child until about age 12. We had just moved across the state and I enrolled the kids in their new schools but we had to …Read More »
Man is Healed While Teaching God Doesn't Always Heal (Video)
Some of you may know that I've dealt with some health issues recently. I'm quite sure as I write this that some of you are going through similar situations, so I wanted to share the video below simply because it warmed my soul until my eyes were wet. My heart …Read More »
125 Amazing Uses For Coconut Oil
(Editor's Note: This list is LONG. I mean it's incredibly comprehensive so stay with it. Maybe forward it along to your family. Keep it as a reference! There is good stuff here.) While traveling through Thailand, by partner and I joked about buying a coconut plantation because it seems that …Read More »
10 Ways Your Parents Lied to You About Your Body
Did you ever hear any of these commonly told myths when you were growing up? Or do you say them now to your own children? I'm guilty of repeating a few of these to my own children over the years. But hey, we can now have peace knowing there isn't …Read More »


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Cuban born artist, Frances Lina Condé explores her field of study, the Sciences though her artwork. Self taught, her art work is elemental and depicts a unique perspective. "I believe that art and science are symbiotic", the merging of the two has been increasingly reflected in our modern society.
Preferring to work abstractly in 3D she uses different materials and mediums to highlight her subject matter, the beauty in the simplicity of the natural world. Her sculptures in bronze and cast glass depict the cellular and biological. In recent projects she creates small installations photographing them, exploring light, energy, quantum physics, etc., she chooses remote locations free from urban/human distractions.
She aims to draw the viewer into an intimate space encouraging contemplation. Her work has been described as meditative landscapes.
Condé has exhibited and has been Artist in Residence internationally, her influences range from Brancusi, Gabo, Holt, and Serra.


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Funeral Flower Designs
From beautiful fresh flower standing sprays, cascading casket saddles, fresh or silk floral wreaths, plants and dishgardens, Always in Bloom Florist can deliver the floral design of your choice. We gladly offer a complimentary consultation if needed and deliver to most funeral homes in the Knoxville area. Just call us at (865) 558.5769 to place your order or click here to view more online selections.
Click to view slideshow.
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Palestine Technical College - Ramallah is governmental girls college- Ministry of Education and Higher Education, established in 1952, and awarded Diploma and Bachelor's degree in a tenth specializations . technical and academic professional, which would provide opportunities for graduates to get a job in the local market , also supports the policies and plans for sustainable development for the Palestinian state .
© Copyrights TVET 2017. All Rights rserved To TVET.


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Jerry Frister
Wish i saw this at the bottom biotechs with real revenue and tech are rare on the otc markets. Adding this to my biotech list
Jerry FristerMar 09, 2017 at 11 45 pm
Stephen Pale
if this company was on NASDAQ it would respond well in the biotech sector they all do almost for some odd reason
Stephen PaleMar 10, 2017 at 03 55 am
Frank Boster
I am a biotech investor this looks good so I am in thanks
Frank BosterMar 10, 2017 at 10 50 am
Harold Jin
Looks good will add to my radar list for this week, but looks like $.30 is pretty strong resistance on the technicals
Harold JinMar 13, 2017 at 03 18 am
Stephen Pale
Nice dip tomorrow hopefully a flush out so I can try some. I like their market sector in the biotech sector. Very niche.....
Stephen PaleMar 14, 2017 at 11 18 pm
Frank Boster
Nice earnings but like most biotechs are losing money but for a small company very impressive.


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Home > Photographic > Drones > Drone Accessories
Looking to buy the best drone accessories - if you need a drone battery, charger, bag or propellers for your camera drone then look no further
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Customer services information
Copyright © 2018 PicStop. All Rights Reserved.Card payments are processed by Pay360 secure servers.
Unit 12, March Place, Gatehouse Industrial Area, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, HP19 8UGVAT Number: 001 8906 03


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The most interesting museums in Pécs
Passionate or not of pharmaceutics, you must visit the Pharmaceutical Museum of Pecs. This interesting museum in Pecs functions as pharmacy since 1764, and the furniture that you can see today dates back from 1897. Another place similar to the Pharmaceutical Museum, is the Museum of the Gránátalma Pharmacy. Photography enthusiasts can not miss a visit to the Victor Vasarely Museum. One of the most famous museums in Pecs is the Zsolnay Museum, which shows a history of the porcelain facto... [ read more ]


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Book your meeting or event
Our facilities are available for bookings from whānau and other groups including local and regional schools and organisations.
View our calendar to see all confirmed bookings for Otamatea Marae and Kakaraea Church. Submitting the form below does not guarantee your booking as a prior request may have been made but not added to our calendar. We will contact you to confirm your booking.
Please note that we do not disclose details of private event bookings. You are responsible for promoting your own event.
Our cultural and customary duty is to give tangihanga priority over all bookings. Should your booking be postponed due to a tangihanga we will do our best to find another suitable date or an alternative venue at another marae in our area.
Nau mai, haere mai.
Rates at November 2014 (in New Zealand dollars) are:
Half day or full day: $100
Overnight: $200 per night (arrival time 10am – departure time 12 midday)
Terms & conditions
Hireage of Otamatea Marae facilities is subject to strict terms and conditions. Please read these carefully before you commit to a booking.
You should print out and carry a copy of your booking details and terms and conditions during your stay at Otamatea Marae.
Booking contact
Phone: +649 4318 566
Once your booking has been confirmed, please use this number to discuss your powhiri or other matters related to your visit.


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To Enhance Hospital Safety, Experts Suggest Publishing Hospital Stats
Most of us would hardly go to a restaurant where we planned to spend big bucks without checking out the reviews online or in a Zagat report. However, most of us will go to a hospital without any information about a hospital's safety record and this is a dicier decision than go to a restaurant and spending a lot of money on bad food. In fact, until recently hospital safety experts believed that preventable hospital errors caused approximately 98,000 deaths per year, but new data suggests that that number may be as high as 440,000 deaths per year. This is definitely cause for patients to have access to information that would help them make wise decisions about their medical care.
Better Access to Hospital Safety Data Will Make Hospitals Safer
In a recent NYT blog, Tina Rosenberg argued that patients having better access to hospital safety data will force hospitals to become safer, and I think she's got a point. Hospital transparency and accountability can dramatically improve the current statistics on preventable errors that cause death, or even nonlethal but serious harm. For example, data suggests that 10 to 20 times the number of people who died from preventable medical errors are seriously harmed (that's 4,400,000 to 8,800,000 people). Ultimately, Rosenberg argues that:
Just as publishing health care prices will drive them down, publishing safety information will drive hospital safety up.
Better Measurement Techniques Needed for Patients to Accurately Assess Hospital Safety
Currently, patients can access hospital safety data in a few ways. One of the most popular is probably Consumer Reports or U.S. News' Best Hospital Report. However, what is currently an issue is the fact that there is generally no continuity between safety data measurement items. For example, one hospital may rank at the top of Consumer Reports' list, but rank near the bottom of U.S. News' report because they use different criterion to arrive at their hospital safety rankings. This isn't very helpful for patients–what is really needed is data that is uniform and easily accessible and understandable to patients. The best method of garnering important data is probably having doctors honestly and consistently report medical errors.
recently named in the 2009 edition of Best Lawyer's In America, David Mittleman has been representing seriously injured people since 1985. A partner with Church Wyble PC—a division of Grewal Law PLLC—Mr. Mittleman and his partners focus on medical malpractice, wrongful death, car accidents, slip and falls, nursing home injury, pharmacy/pharmacist negligence and disability claims.


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Master Scilab!
2. April 2008
1 What is Scilab?
1 What is Scilab?
Quoted from the homepage of Scilab at http://scilab.org:
Scilab is a free scientific software package for numerical computations providing a powerful open computing environment for engineering and scientific applications.
Scilab is an open source software. Since 1994 it has been distributed freely along with the source code via the Internet. It is currently used in educational and industrial environments around the world.
Scilab includes hundreds of mathematical functions with the possibility to add interactively programs from various languages (C, C++, Fortran…). It has sophisticated data structures (including lists, polynomials, rational functions, linear systems...), an interpreter and a high level programming language.
Scilab is quite similar to Matlab, and the range of functions are comparable. The largest benefit of Scilab is of course that it is free :-). Also, Scilab is easy and fast to install (and you do not have to restart your PC before starting to use it).
Scilab is also similar to Octave, which is also free! Octave is more similar to Matlab than to Scilab. One problem with Octave has been that data plotting is more cumbersome in Octave than in Scilab. (You can have both Scilab and Octave installed :-)
One nice thing about Scilab is that you get Scicos automatically installed when you install Scilab. Scicos is a block-diagram based simulation tool similar to Simulink and LabVIEW Simulation Module.
2 About this document
This tutorial guides you through the steps towards mastering Scilab. I have written this document because I did not find a proper tutorial on the Scilab homepage.
I assume that you do all the activities in the blue boxes, as here:
Please send comments or suggestions to improve this tutorial via e-mail to email@example.com.
3 Downloading and installing Scilab
The installation file, which is an *.exe-file, is available for download at http://scilab.org. Once you have downloaded this exe-file, open (run) it, and then follow the instructions on the screen. (It should not be necessary to restart your PC before you start Scilab after the installation.)
Note that by installing Scilab, you also get Scicos installed.
4 The Scilab environment
To start Scilab:
Starting Scilab opens the Scilab command window, see the figure below.
The Scilab command window
Scilab commands are executed at the command line by entering the command, and then clicking the Enter button on the keyboard.
The result is shown in the command window (see the figure above).
5 Scilab Help
The Help window is shown below.
Scilab Help window
As you see from the Help window, the commands and functions are organized in a number of categories.
The functions are as shown in the figure above.
To get detailed help text about a specific function, click that function.
The detailed help text for the abs function is shown in the figure below.
The detailed help text for the abs function
You can also search for a function by first clicking the Search button in the Help window (the magnifying glass button).
The result of the search is a list of relevant functions, see the figure below.
The result of the search for sine
5 Basic Scilab operations
Typically you use variables in your calculations. To create the variable a and assigning to it the result of 1+1:
Hereafter, (Enter) will not be shown, but it is assumed that you click the Enter button.
The response is shown in the command window (but shown here). Now, try (remember to type the semicolon):
The response is not shown in the command window. The command was actually executed, but because of the semicolon the response was not shown. To verify that the variable b actually exists:
As you will see, it exists.
If you omit the variable name, the result is assigned to the inbuilt variable ans:
The response shows that the variable ans has got the value 4.
You can execute one or more commands - separated by semicolon or comma - on one line:
Scilab is case-sensitive. For example, d and D are two different variables:
As you see from the response (not shown here), d exists, while D does not exist (since we have not created D).
Scilab variables exists in the workspace. There are two ways to see the contents of a workspace:
The response should be similar to what is shown in the figure below. (The user-defined variables are shown among many other variables.)
The response of the command who
This opens the Browser Variables window, see the figure below.
Browser Variables window
The Browser Variables window contains at the bottom a number of utility buttons (not described in detail here).
Note that if you exit from Scilab, the variables you created in the workspace are deleted. You can save variables in a file using the save function. However, if you really need to save variables that are a result of some Scilab expressions, then you should consider writing these expressions in a Scilab script instead. More about scripts soon.
There are various ways to enter numbers (the pi is an inbuilt constant). Here are some illustrative examples (I assume that you see the principles from these examples):
The response is shown in the figure below.
Various ways to enter numbers
You can determine how numbers are displayed in the command window with the format function, but the internal representation of the number in Scilab is independent if the display format. We will not look at details. If you need to change the display format, consult Scilab Help.
Scilab functions are vectorized, i.e. functions can be called with vectorial arguments. (A vector is simply a one-dimensional matrix. We will return to vector- and matrix operations in a later section.) In the following example, first a vector of name t is created, then this vector is used as an argument in the sine function (the sine function assumes the argument is an angle in radians).
The response is shown in the figure below.
The result of the vectorized function call sin(0.1*t) where t is a vector
6 Scripts
A Scilab script is a text file of name *.sce containing Scilab commands. You can edit the script using the inbuilt Scipad editor. (Scripts can also have names *.sci. The default name when saving a fle in Scipad is *.sce.)
You should use scripts even for small tasks because in this way you have all your "projects" saved in files which is good for documentation and also very convenient when you want to run all your commands after some changes.
We will now create a simple script, and then run it. Running a script is the same as executing all the commands (from top to bottom in the script) at the command line one by one.
The Scipad editor is shown in the figure below. Note that double slashes (//) are used to start comments in the script.
Scilab script of name script1.sce opened in the Scipad editor
Note that you can open several scripts in the same Scipad window with the File / New menu.
There are two ways to run the script1.sce script:
Let us try the Execute menu first:
The result is shown in the command window.
Now let us try the exec command:
Scilab responds with an error! See below.
Scilab responds with an error when after executing the command exec script1.sce
The error comes because script1.sce is not in the Current directory of Scilab. The Current directory is the directory where Scilab looks for your script when you try to execute it with the exec command. What is then the present Current directory?
The response (in the command window) may be different on different PCs. On my PC the response is
We saved script1.sce in the C:\temp directory which is different from the present Current Directory. Let us change the Current Directory to C:\temp, and then execute the script:
Now the script should run without errors.
7 Matrix operations
In Scilab numbers are in general stored in matrices, which can be regarded as a table. Matrices with only one column or only one row are denoted vectors. (Matrices and vectors are very similar to arrays as used in programming languages as C, Visual Basic etc.)
Creating matrices. Retrieving data from matrices
Let us create a 2x2 matrix of name A. In general, comma (or space) is used to separate numers on a row (or line), and semicolon is used to separate rows.
The figure below shows A as displayed in the command window.
Creating and displaying the matrix A
Create a row vector with first element 0, last element 1 and increment (step size) 0.2:
Create a column vector, note the apostrophe to transpose:
Create matrix B from given column vectors x and y:
Get the size (dimensions) of matrix B:
Get the first element of vector r. Note that 1 (not 0) is the first index!
Now try
You get an error because index number 0 can not be used.
Get the second column in matrix B, and assign the values to vector v:
Some special matrices
Create an identity matrix of dimension 2x2:
Create a matrix of dimension 3x2 consisting of ones:
Create a matrix of dimension 3x2 consisting of zeros:
Matrix calculations
Matrices can be used in matrix calculations.
Add two matrices (assuming A and C have been created as explained above):
Multiply two matrices:
Take the inverse of a matrix:
Elementwise calculations
Elementwise calculations are made with the dot operator. As an example, to perform elemenwise multiplication of two vectors:
The result is shown in the figure below. Element z(1) is v1(1)*v2(1), and element z(2) is v1(2)*v2(2).
Elementwise multiplication of two vectors
8 Plotting
The basic command for plotting data in a figure is plot. In the following are a number of examples demonstrating various plotting options. (It is of course up to you if you type the code from scratch on the command line or in Scipad, or if you just copy the code. If you type the commands, you may omit the comments which is the text following the // sign to save time.)
First, let us generate some data that will be used in the following examples.
Very basic plotting:
Below is shown the Scilab figure with the plot. Along the x-axis are the indexes of the y vector. The indexes are integers from 1 to 101.
Before we continue with more plotting commands, let us take a look at some buttons and menus in the Graphics window.
This opens the Clicking the GED button opens the Graphics Editor, see the figure below.
The Graphics Editor
With the graphics editor you can change line colours, line style, add labels to the axis, add grid, etc. The various options will not be described here because it is rather easy to investigate the possibilities by yourself. Many of the options in the Graphics Editor can alternatively be set with options to the plot command. This will be shown in subsequent examples.
You can produce various graphics files from the plot:
This opens the Export dialog window shown below.
The Export dialog in the figure window
If you want to create a graphis file to put into a document processor, as MS Word or Scientific Workplace, you should select Enhanced Meta File (EMF), whch is a vectorized graphics format which means that the picture can be enlarged and still look sharp. However, EMF files can not be used in native web documents, e.g. in HTML-files to be displayed in a web browser. In this case you should select the GIF format (this format does not give you vectorized graphics).
We continue with looking at more options to the plot command.
Assume that we will plot y against t in Figure 1 which is the same figure as we used above. This is done with the command plot(t,y) where it is of course assumed that vectors t and y have the same length (same number of elements).
If you just use the plot command, the new plot adds to the previous plot, showing two (or more curves). Typically, this is not what you want. To clear the previous plot, we use the clf (clear figure) command before we use the plot command.
The result is shown in the figure below. Observe that the x-axis now contains the t values.
Suppose you want to show the plot in a new Figure 2 in stead of the previously opened Figure 1:
To clear Figure 2:
To plot with with grid and plot title and labels:
The resulting plot is shown in the figure below. (If you think the code ax1=gca();ax1.grid=[0,0]; is too cumbersome for generating a grid, you can in stead use the Graphics Editor (by clicking the GED button in the figure window).)
To plot two curves in one plot (note the ordering of the vectors in the plot command):
The result is shown in the figure below.
To plot two curves with options for the line style and colours:
(Many more options can be found from Help linespec.) The result is shown in the figure below.
To plot several subplots in one figure:
The result is shown in the figure below.
9 Functions for dynamics and control
In the following are examples of using Scilab functions for solving problems in the field of control engineering. The functions used are among the function in the General System and Control function category (see Scilab Help).
9.1 Simulation of continuous-time transfer functions
The csim function is used to simulate continuous-time transfer functions.
Here is one example:
The two plots are shown in the figures below.
Step response
Sinusoid response
9.2 Frequency response of continuous-time transfer functions
The bode function plots frequency response in a Bode plot.
Here is one example:
The Bode plot is shown in the figure below.
Bode plot
The bode function does not accept models with time-delay. However, there is a workaround to this problem that can be downloaded from here.
9.3 Simulation of discrete-time transfer functions
The flts function can be used to simulate a discrete-time transfer function.
Here is one example:
Comment to the transfer function in this example: It is
a*z/(z-(1-a)) = y(z)/u(z)
where y is output and u is input. This transfer function is "by chance" the transfer function corresponding to the difference equation
y(k) = (1-a)*y(k) + a*u(k)
which is the well-known EWMA lowpass filter (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) frequently used in applications where a simple filter is needed, as in control systems where a lowpass filter is used to attenuate measurement noise from the sensor.
The simulated response is shown in the figure below.
Step response
9.4 Frequency response of discrete-time transfer functions
The bode function plots frequency response in a Bode plot.
Here is one example:
The Bode plots are shown in the figure below.
Bode plots of discrete-time transfer function
Comments about frequency information: The frequency axis shows normalized frequencies. The red vertical line in the Bode plots represents the normalized Nyquist frequency, which is 0.5, corresponding to the normalized sampling frequency being 1 samples/sec. If the actual sampling frequency is fs [samples/sec], the actual (non-normalized) frequency is found by multiplying the normalized frequency by fs.
9.5 Simulation of continuous-time state-space models
The state-space model is assumed to be
dx/dt = A*x + B*u
y = C*x + D*u
with x0 as initial state.
In the following example, first the state-space model is defined, then the responses due to initial state and to external input signal u are simulated using the csim function, and finally the responses in output y and in state-variables x are plotted.
The figures below show the response in the output y and in the state-variables x, respectively.
The response in the output y
The response in the state-variables x
9.6 Discretizing continuous-time systems
The function dscr is used to discretize continuous-time models. dscr only handles state-space models. So, if you are to discretize transfer functions, you have to convert the original continuous-time transfer function into a state-space model (using the tf2ss function) before you use dscr. And thereafter, you convert the discrete-time state-space model to the (final) transfer function (using the ss2tf function).
Here is one example:
The original continuous-time transfer function TFcont and the resulting discrete-time transfer function TFdisc are shown in the figure below.
The original TFcont and the resulting TFdisc
Although it is not written in the help text of dscr you can assume that the discretization is based on the exact discretization with zero-order hold (piecewise constant input during the time steps) on the input of the system. (The result of using the c2d function in Matlab with zero-order hold one the above example gives the same result as above.)
9.7 Deriving transfer functions from state-space models
The function ss2tf derives transfer function(s) from a state-space model:
The resulting transfer function is shown in the figure below.
The resulting transfer function TF
9.8 Combining models: Series, parallel, and feedback
Here are examples of how to calculate the combined transfer function for series, parallel, and feedback combination of models (here transfer functions):
The results are shown in the figure below (you should verify the results by hand calculations).
Results of series, parallel, and feedback combination of the transfer functions sys1 and sys2
9.9 Frequency response analysis and simulation of feedback (control) systems
The gain margin and phase margin and the corresponding frequencies can be calculated with g_margin and p_margin functions. Here is an example:
The calculated stability margins and crossover frequencies are shown in the figure below. The gain margin and the phase margin are larger than zero, and hence the control system is asymptotically stable.
Calculated stability margins and crossover frequencies
The Bode plot of the open-loop system is shown in the figure below.
Bode plot of open-loop system
The process output and its reference is shown in the figure below.
Simulation of closed-loop system
The eigenvalues of the closed-loop system are calculated with the spec function, cf. the script above. The result is shown in the figure below. All eigenvalues have negative real part, and hence it is confirmed that the control system is asymptotically stable.
Eigenvalues (poles) of the closed-loop system
9.10 LQ (linear quadratic) optimal controller
Given the following discrete-time state-space model:
x(k+1) = A*x(k) + B*u(k)
The lqr function (linear quadratic regulator) can be used to calculate the steady-state controller gain, K, of the controller
u(k) = K*x(k)
that minimizes the linear quadratic cost function
J = sum0inf[x'(k)*Q*x(k) + u'(k)*R*u(k))
There is one problem with the lqr function, namely that the user can not define the weight matrices Q and R directly as arguments to the function, but in stead some intermediate calculations have to be done. A more user-friendly way to solve the control design task is to use the Riccatti solver ricc in Scilab [reference] (an Riccatti equation is solved as a part of the design algorithm).
Here is one example:
The controller gain and the eigenvalues are shown in the figure below.
Controller gain and eigenvalues of LQ optimal control system
(The Matlab function dlqr gave the same result.)
9.11 Kalman Filter gains
Steady-state Kalman Filter gains for continuous-time systems and for discrete-time systems can be computed with the lqe function. For discrete-time systems the Kalman Filter is assumed to have the one-step form (combined prediction and measurement update), and not on the probably more popular two-step form (separate measurement update and prediction update).


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LONDON -- The Baltimore Ravens technically are the visiting team Sunday when they play the Jacksonville Jaguars, the team that is giving up a home game for this overseas contest.
But if Saturday night's rally is an indication, the Ravens should feel quite at home at Wembley Stadium in their first trip there.
More than 200 Ravens fans filled a London bar on Trafalgar Square to capacity, which led to a sea of purple jerseys spilling out into the adjacent alley, onto a median and across the street.
"Remember, I was here from the beginning [in 1996] when we didn't have a name or colors," former All-Pro linebacker Ray Lewis said at the rally. "For us to have this kind of a following is amazing."
Fans surrounded The Admiralty hours before the start of the gathering, which was organized and promoted by the team. A double-decker bus, which is what the area is known for, arrived with the Ravens' band, which led everyone in singing the team's fight song.
Later, inside the pub, the familiar "Seven Nation Army" chant was shouted, but the loudest roar came when Lewis performed the beginning of his signature dance on the balcony overlooking the crowd.
The Jaguars, who have played a game in England in each of the past four seasons, apparently haven't had a similar groundswell of support. There were only two Jaguars jerseys spotted at an NFL-sponsored event Saturday afternoon.
"As soon as the game announced that we were playing in London, I bet the Ravens were going to go over there -- and boy, was I right," Hall of Fame offensive tackle Jonathan Ogden told the crowd.


text:
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Recently, I've been thinking a lot about how to think about truthmaker theory if there's ontic indeterminacy. If you thought that p's being indeterminate amounted to p's lacking a truth-value and you were a truthmaker maximalist, your life would be quite easy: you could say that 'p is indeterminate' is true just because there's neither a truthmaker for p not a truthmaker for not-p.
But I, following Elizabeth and Robbie's work, have committed to the view of ontic indeterminacy whereby 'p is indeterminate' does not entail a truth-value gap. 'Indeterminately, p', on this bivalent view, is compatible with both the truth of p and the falsity of p. p is either true or false, it's just unsettled which.
On this view, there's a gap between truth and determinate truth, and it's an interesting question in that case what the truthmaker theorist should say. One option is that 'Indeterminately, p' and 'Determinately, p' just get treated like any other proposition, and get assigned possible truthmakers, but I prefer the option that says we should assign possible truthmakers only to the 'indeterminacy free' propositions, and determine the truth-value of the 'determinacy involving' propositions based on whether those truthmakers determinately exist or exist but not determinately so.
So the idea is that, e.g., the state of affairs of Ball being red makes it true that Ball is red. And if it's determinately true that Ball is red that's not because there's some further thing, the state of affairs of Ball being determinately red, but rather because the state of affairs of Ball being red is a determinate existent. The thought being that if p is determinately true at one world and true but not determinate at another, it is difference in being enough if the truthmaker for p is a determinate existent at the former world and a mere existent (one which exists, but not determinately so) at the latter. (You can think of this as a difference in the way that the truthmaker exists, or alternatively allow yourself extra ideology – see section 7 of this paper.)
Now, if every proposition got mapped onto exactly one possible truthmaker, life would be simple. But it doesn't, and it's not. p might be determinately true not because there is some truthmaker for p that determinately exists but rather because it's determinate that there exists some truthmaker for p. The case I'm most interested in is the open future. If there's a fixed past but open future then, I say (see my joint paper with Elizabeth), there're a bunch of candidate states of the world being a certain way throughout history that agree on how things were and are but disagree on how things will be, and it's determinate that exactly one of these states exists, but indeterminate which.
It's determinate that young Earth creationism is wrong because there's determinately a truthmaker for 'Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago' – but there's no determinately existing truthmaker for that proposition. Each candidate state would make that true, and it's determinate that one exists, so it's determinate that it's made true. 'Martian colonies will exist in a hundred years', on the other hand, is neither determinately true nor false, since if a certain candidate state exists it will be made true and if another exists it will be made false, and it's not determinate which exists.
Exactly one of these candidate states gets things right – it gives us the actual history of the world – so that state exists and all the others don't. But none of them get it determinately right or wrong, so the existent state is a mere existent and the non-existent states mere non-existents. But saying this doesn't tell us that it's determinate that exactly one of these states exists, so we need to either take that as a brute fact or admit a disjunctive state of affairs – the state of affairs of this world state existing or that world state existing or . . . etc – and proclaim it to be a determinate existent.
A decision has to be made when it comes to non-existence. Truthmaker theorists disagree as to whether to admit truthmakers for negative existentials or to let explanation bottom out at facts about what there is not as well as facts about what there is. But either way, the story is going to be more complicated once it can be indeterminate what there is.
Suppose a determinately exists, b exists but not determinately so, c fails to exist but not determinately so, and every other possible existent determinately fails to exist. If you are not a truthmaker maximalist and want to take facts about what there is not as brute you still have to be able to distinguish between the mere non-existence of c and the determinate non-existence of d (say). If you were inclined to believe in two ways of being – determinate and mere being – you should now postulate two ways of non-being – determinate and mere non-being. On this view, to completely determine a world, what God has to do is to say of every possible being which of the four ways of being or non-being it has: once He's done that, He'll have settled everything there is to settle. (At least provided that the disjunctive states of affairs mentioned above number amongst the possibilia.)
Now suppose we are attracted to maximalism. Since a and b are the only things there are, we must admit the existence of the second-order totality state of affairs of a and b being the only first-order things that there are. Now for Armstrong, you can stop there: there's no need to posit an additional third-order totality state of affairs saying of the second-order totality state of affairs that it's the only second-order totality state of affairs that there is; that's because it's necessarily true that there's only one second-order totality state of affairs, and hence it can itself make it true that it's the only one. And so there's no risk of regress. But if it's not determinate what there is, it will likewise not be determinate what second-order totality state of affairs exists. In our situation it's not determinate that a and b are all the things there are: both the totality state of affairs of a being the only thing, and of a, b and c being the only things, are non-existents, but they are mere non-existents. However, since it's determinate that exactly one of these totality facts exists we can't stop at the postulation of the second-order totality state of affairs; we need to admit a new entity: the disjunctive state of affairs of one of these three totality states of affairs existing. And now we need another new entity – a third-order totality state of affairs – that says that everything we've talked about so far are all the things that exist at levels one and two. In essence, this third-order totality state of affairs is the thing that makes it true that all the candidate second-order totality states of affairs are all the candidate second-order totality states of affairs.
Now, our story can stop here if it's necessarily true that whatever third-order totality state of affairs exists, it is determinately the only third-order totality state of affairs that exists. But if it's possible for there to be higher-order indeterminacy in what there is – that is, if it's possible that it's indeterminate not just what the totality of entities is but what the candidate totalities are – then the third-order totality state of affairs itself may be a mere existent. There could be other candidate third-order totality states of affairs, and it not be determinate which of them exists. But it will be determinate that one of them does . . . and so we're off on a regress. Now personally, I doubt the coherence of higher-order indeterminacy; I think that while it might be indeterminate what there is, it necessarily won't be indeterminate what the range of candidate totalities are, and so I think the maximalist will be able to stop at the determinately existing third-order totality state of affairs and resist infinite regress.
Anyway, I go into all of this in more detail in sections 6 and 7 (and 8 to a lesser degree) of my Truthmaking for Presentists paper. If anyone has any comments on either what's written here or there, I'd welcome them.


text:
Culver City
About 10 miles to the west of Los Angeles is Culver City, surrounded by the neighborhoods of Mar Vista, West LA, Palms, Westchester, Venice and Playa Vista. The city is regarded as a significant center for motion picture and television production, and is currently the home of Sony Pictures Entertainment.
Brief History
Real estate developer Harry Culver founded Culver City in 1913, on land that was part of three notable Ranchos created through land grants during the 1800s. The city was incorporated in 1917, and the first film studio was built in 1918. Other studios followed, such as the Hal Roach Studios and Metro Goldwyn Mayer, better known as MGM, which further established Culver City as a prime location for movie production. A redevelopment project was implemented in 2012, which has created a city center with great restaurants, movie theaters and shopping.
Neighborhoods/Real Estate Options
A good selection of real estate can be found in Culver City, with choices ranging from single-family residences to sprawling estate properties, to upscale townhouses, well-appointed condominiums, and luxury custom homes. The city has many diverse neighborhoods, which include Beverlywood West, Carlson Park, Culver Crest, Downtown Culver City, Fox Hills, Hayden Tract, Park East, Studio Estates, Sunkist Park, and more.
Culver City Unified School District is the city's very own school district, which administers five elementary schools, one middle school, two high schools, plus an Adult School, Community Day School, and an Office of Child Development. There are also three elementary schools that are served by the Los Angeles Unified School District as well as several private schools.
Howe (Linwood E.) Elementary School
The Culver City Arts District has more than 35 contemporary art galleries, 25 boutique and design retailers and 17 specialty restaurants and coffee bars. This area is highly regarded as one of Los Angeles' premier art centers and offers a unique shopping and dining experience. Sony Pictures Studios, which was also the site of the former MGM Studios, offers walking tours with guides that will escort visitors to their studio sets, backlots, and soundstages, as well as attend tapings of popular TV game shows like "Jeopardy" or "Wheel of Fortune. Westfield Culver City, also known as Fox Hills Mall, provides shopping and dining options through over 170 shops and services, including anchor stores Best Buy, JCPenney, Macy's, and Target. Other well-known brands and franchises featured at the Westfield Culver City include American Eagle, Charlotte Russe, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Cinnabon, Disney Store, Forever 21, GameStop, H&M, Hollister, Old Navy, Olive Garden, Sanrio, Sephora, Starbucks, The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Victoria's Secret, and more.
Map & Directory of Downtown Culver City: Click Here
Culver City CA Real Estate – Culver City CA Homes for Sale
Sorry we are experiencing system issues. Please try again.


text:
The inaugural Railway Roubaix offers 65 miles of adventure with the mixed gravel and paved terrain of the Mascoutin Trail from Fond du Lac to Berlin, WI.
All ages and ability levels are welcome (including FatBikes). This is as much about having fun as it is about finishing the course.
Is this an out and back route? It begins and ends in FdL?


text:
Let UT Dallas' WeTeach_CS Collaborative show you how to run a CS summer institute for your own Collaborative.
Program Overview
The WeTeach_CS facilitators academy at UT Dallas will give you the tools to run a one to two week summer institute with your WeTeach_CS collaborative. The theme of the Facilitators Academy is "Computational Thinking" and contains explorations of computational thinking across the curriculum throughout the week. Our program is designed in Scratch and Python, but the computer science and computational thinking activities and concepts can be easily translated to other languages if you would like to use something else with your Collaborative.
At the facilitators academy, you will participate in all the activities of the summer institute, with added consideration on how to replicate the program for your teachers. You will receive a facilitator's guide in addition to digital participant packs. The facilitator's guide leads you through how to prepare for and execute each activity, along with an overview of the subject matter. The participant packs contain extension lesson plans for each activity suitable for a K-12 classroom, concept information, and completed python programs as well as accompanying skeleton templates.
Presenters will demonstrate a variety of technologies that the institute can incorporate, depending on what you have available. All the provided activities can either be done offline on traditional computers running Windows, macOS, or Linux; or online on Chromebooks using the free online services trinket.io or repl.it. You'll be given instructions on how to get everyone up and running in a BYOD situation. In addition, the academy incorporates a variety of "unplugged" activities to learn computational thinking and computer science without the use of computers at all!
Learn more about the agenda and presenters on the UT Dallas WeTeach_CS Collaborative academy page.
- When – April 24-28, 2017
- Where – UT Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Cost – $300 per participant
- Accommodations and Travel Reimbursement – Attendees may be eligible for reimbursement of travel andaccommodations expenses. See event page for details.
- Registration Deadline – April 17, 2017
- Downloadable Flyer


text:
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players found guilty of using PED's should have their records and accomplishments stripped
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The use of PED's is cheating. The most recent case about this has been Lance Armstrong. Mr. Armstrong was found guilty of using a PED and was stripped of all of his Tour de France victories. This was rightfully done because, if he had not used them, then maybe someone else could've won.
The use of PED's has become an infamous problem in sports and it shouldn't go without real consequences.
I would like to point out that the use of PED's does not guarantee a win. One still has to train and work out to become good at their sport.
Using Lance Armstrong, do we know for a fact that 2nd place wasn't cheating? Third? Is everyone tested, or only the winner? Assuming only Armstrong was cheating, it is amazing that he only managed to win in 2003, in the middle of his streak, by a mere 61 seconds, and came in third in 2009 over five minutes behind first place, and over a minute behind second. "Juicing" does not mean you will win.
Even if PED's are expressly forbidden in sports (the governing body outlaws them), why should cheating in this capacity result in sanctions, but not others? Taking a football player out of the game with a late hit might be cheating, but does it result in the team losing the game? No, it results in a fine.
Why is it if I use a drug to promote muscle growth (steroids), which only has the desired effect if I put in effort, illegal, but other items that promote performance enhancing (like Gatorade) are allowed? If one team uses Gatorade, and another uses an untested electrolyte replenisher, is one cheating? Did the Gators retroactively lose the Orange Bowl in 1966, because they had Gatorade (a secret formula the school invented the year before) and the other team didn't?
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