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The first battle of the 1864 Overland Campaign
As the spring of 1864 approached, President Abraham Lincoln questioned whether voters would award him a second term. Spurred by the need for military successes, Lincoln summoned Ulysses S. Grant to Washington, arranged for his promotion to lieutenant general, and placed him in charge of the nation's military might. Lincoln's new general-in-chief set as his objective the destruction of the Confederate armies, determining to "hammer continuously," as he put it, "against the armed force of the enemy and his resources until by mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to [the rebels] but an equal submission with the loyal section of our common country to the constitution and laws of the land."
One of Grant's first steps was to meet with Major General George G. Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac, to gauge whether to appoint a new leader of the Union's premier fighting force in the East. Grant decided to keep him on, reserving for himself broad strategic policy while delegating to Meade day-to-day leadership of the Potomac army. "My instructions for that army were all through him," Grant observed, "and were all general in their nature, leaving all the details and the execution to him."
Grant decided to accompany Meade in the spring offensive, a move that guaranteed a collision between his own penchant for bold action and Meade's more cautious streak. The addition of Major General Ambrose Burnside's IX Corps to Meade's expeditionary force further complicated matters, as the New Englander had formerly commanded the Army of the Potomac, and his commission as major general predated Meade's. Grant's solution to this nightmare of military protocol was to let Burnside manage his corps independently while Grant coordinated Burnside's and Meade's movements.
A recent reorganization of the Potomac army into three infantry corps headed by generals who had never before worked as a team added more complications. Major General Winfield S. Hancock, commanding II Corps, would spend much of the ensuing campaign incapacitated by a Gettysburg wound; Major General John Sedgwick, heading VI Corps, would falter during the fast-moving exercise envisioned by Grant; and Major General Gouverneur K. Warren, leading V Corps, would openly second-guess his superiors. And General Philip H. Sheridan, Grant's subordinate from the West who now commanded the Cavalry Corps, would engage in a bitter feud with Meade over the proper role of the army's mounted arm.
Grant's strategy for the approaching campaign capitalized on the Union's formidable edge in numbers and materiel. In coordinated movements, Major General William T. Sherman was to advance against Confederate forces in Georgia while Meade attacked General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, encamped south of the Rapidan River in central Virginia. As Meade engaged Lee head-on, a second Union army under Major General Franz Sigel was to press through the Shenandoah Valley west of Lee, threatening the rebel army's flank. Simultaneously, Major General Benjamin F. Butler's Army of the James was to advance against Richmond from the south. Battered by the huge Potomac army, denied sustenance by Sigel's Valley incursion, and harassed in the rear by Butler, Lee, Grant predicted, would be cornered and brought to bay.
By 1864 the Confederacy's President Jefferson Davis understood that the North's overwhelming edge in manpower and industry precluded the South from winning independence by military prowess. But by staving off Federal victories, Confederate armies might nourish the budding Northern peace movement and persuade the exhausted Union to let its defiant sister go. "Every bullet we can send is the best ballot that can be deposited against [Lincoln's] election," the Augusta Georgia Constitutionalist, January 2, 1864, reminded its readers. "The battlefields of 1864 will hold the polls of this momentous decision."
The Confederacy's fate – in the Eastern Theater, at least – rested with General Robert E. Lee, whose victories in Virginia had made him a symbol of the rebellion's determined spirit. Like Grant, Lee was a master at offensive operations and possessed an uncanny knack for turning seemingly impossible situations his way. His most brilliant successes had been against armies that outnumbered him better than two-to-one, coincidentally the same numerical advantage that the Army of the Potomac held over him this spring.
By the end of April, Lee commanded an army of nearly 64,000 soldiers. His victories during the previous two years had exacted a painful toll in casualties, and replacements for fallen heroes were becoming harder to find. Facing an enemy almost twice as numerous and much better supplied than his own force, Lee nonetheless held important advantages. His troops were accustomed to victory, and they displayed the élan of men defending their native soil.
The Army of Northern Virginia, like its Union counterpart, started the campaign with three infantry corps whose heads exhibited exasperating blends of talents and flaws. These included Lieutenant General James Longstreet, Lee's "War Horse," fresh from an unsuccessful independent foray in Tennessee and commanding the 1st Corps; Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell, the eccentric, peg-legged 2nd Corps' commander who sometimes seemed befuddled by Lee's deferential style of leadership; and Lieutenant General Ambrose P. Hill of the 3rd Corp, wracked by ill health and overwhelmed by the responsibilities of high command. Perhaps the steadiest of Lee's subordinates was the flamboyant Major General James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart, still commanding the Confederate army's Cavalry Corps.
By mid-April, Lee had concluded that Grant intended to initiate a major offensive in the Old Dominion. Ever aggressive, Lee preferred to seize the initiative and attack, hoping that a Confederate victory might compel Lincoln to recall his forces to defend Washington. But food and fodder remained scarce, and Butler's force congregating south of Richmond posed a worrisome threat.
Accordingly, Lee adopted a defensive strategy. Ewell's and Hill's corps manned the Rapidan River fortifications in front of Orange Court House, and rebel cavalry patrolled the country beyond the infantry, prepared to sound an alarm if the Federals tried to sweep around the fortified river line. At the first hint of a hostile move, Lee meant to concentrate rapidly toward the enemy, catching him as he crossed the river or shortly afterwards. Lee directed Longstreet to remain near Mechanicsville, a few miles south of Gordonsville and almost fifteen miles south of Orange Court House, where he had ready access to rail lines leading to the Valley and to Richmond. Above all, Lee was determined to avoid falling back to Richmond, which would destroy his ability to maneuver and deny him the trump card in his deck of military tricks. "If I am obliged to retire from this line," Lee famously predicted, referring to his hold on the country below the Rapidan River, "either by flank movement of the enemy or want of supplies, great injury will befall us."
The stage was set for the Civil War's decisive campaign. In later years, popular historians touted Gettysburg as the conflict's turning point. But by the spring of 1864, Lee had largely repaired his Gettysburg losses. Entrenched below the Rapidan River, he faced the Army of the Potomac with only slightly fewer men than he had taken into Pennsylvania the previous year. Supplies were thin, but Lee's lean veterans would lose no battles because of hunger or shortage of ammunition, and their morale remained high. "I don't have any fears but what we will give the Yanks the worst whipping they have got if they do attempt to take Richmond," a Southerner penned his family.
Keeping with their new relationship, Grant left Meade to devise the details of the Army of the Potomac's movement against Lee. In most respects, Meade's plan, drawn in large part by his chief-of-staff Major General Andrew A. Humphreys, was well conceived. Rather than attacking the rebels head-on across the Rapidan, Meade elected to slip downstream and cross to Lee's side of the river, negating Lee's strong defenses and turning him out of his earthworks. Two fords – Germanna and Ely's – provided convenient crossings for Meade to bring his army across the river in dual columns, speeding the maneuver.
The strategy, however, raised serious risks. After crossing the Rapidan, the Northerners would find themselves in an inhospitable region of tangled second growth known as the Wilderness. Streams meandered in unexpected directions, and dense second-growth created a situation where grand maneuvers were impossible, artillery would be useless, and cavalry would be confined to a few roads and blind trails. The Confederates, on the other hand, would benefit tremendously from their intimate knowledge of the Wilderness' obscure byways.
Yet the Federal brass decided to advance into the Wilderness and to stay there for a night to give the army's ponderous supply wagons time to catch up. The assumption that Lee could not move quickly enough to ambush the Union army in the dark forest, ranks among the most egregious command errors of the Civil War.
After dark on May 3, two Union columns started downriver toward the Rapidan crossings. Brigadier General James H. Wilson's cavalry division, followed by Warren's V Corps, made for the closest crossing at Germanna Ford. Near dawn on May 4, Wilson's lead elements ventured across the river, trading sporadic fire with North Carolina troopers picketing the far bank. Engineers constructed twin pontoon bridges, workers carved a road up the far bank, and soon Warren's infantry was across the river and marching into the Wilderness along Germanna Plank Road. Sedgwick's VI Corps followed close behind.
Five miles downriver, Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg's division of Union horsemen, followed by Hancock's II Corps, reached Ely Ford and crossed the Rapidan virtually unopposed. By mid-afternoon, Hancock's soldiers were settling into camps around Chancellorsville, near the Wilderness's eastern reaches. A few miles west, near Wilderness Tavern; Warren's men began lighting their cooking fires, as did Sedgwick's troops to their immediate north. Burnside's independent command, bringing up the rear, camped north of the Rapidan.
With most of Grant's army on his side of the Rapidan, Lee faced a difficult decision. If he retreated, he would forfeit the initiative and diminish his room to maneuver. Going on the offensive was hazardous but offered the possibility of success. From Lee's position near Orange Court House, three roads, like fingers extending from a hand, ran east toward the Wilderness and the Union army. The northernmost route, called the Orange Turnpike, ran just below the Rapidan; a few miles south was Orange Plank Road, and still farther south was Catharpin Road. Determined to strike Grant in the Wilderness, Lee decided to thrust Ewell's Corps out the Turnpike and Hill's Corps out Orange Plank Road, pinning the Federals in the forest. While Ewell and Hill detained the massive Union force, Longstreet was to slip below the forest's southern fringe and veer north into the exposed end of the enemy line. If all went as Lee planned – and if the Union generals obligingly panicked when Longstreet's veterans appeared on their flank – Grant would share the fate of his predecessor Major General Joseph Hooker, who had suffered defeat on this same ground almost exactly a year earlier.
The risks of Lee's plan were obvious. Until Longstreet arrived, Ewell and Hill would be locked in mortal combat with a foe that outnumbered them better than three-to-one. Each corps would have to wage its own battle, one on the turnpike and the other on the plank road, separated by miles of intractable woodland. If Grant learned that Lee had divided his army, he could focus irresistible pressure against either rebel wing, crush it, and then turn on the other wing. Under that grim scenario, a possibility by no means far-fetched, the Army of Northern Virginia would collapse, Richmond would fall, and the Confederacy would be doomed.
Unknown to Lee, mistakes by Grant's cavalry aided the Confederate strategy. Instead of maintaining a strong cavalry screen, Sheridan gave the critical assignment of patrolling the roads toward Lee to Wilson, his least experienced general heading his smallest division. Misunderstanding what was expected of him, Wilson mounted tentative probes out the Orange Turnpike, found nothing, and moved on, camping for the evening on Orange Plank Road at Parker's Store.
Shortly after nightfall, Ewell's Confederates, who had been marching toward the Wilderness on the Orange Turnpike, stopped for the night only two miles from Warren's Union pickets. A few miles south, on Orange Plank Road, Hill's men pressed on to New Verdiersville, a few miles short of Wilson's campground. And more than thirty miles away, Longstreet's troops started through the night toward the Wilderness.
Lee was up before daylight on May 5, eager to exploit the opportunity Grant had given him. Mounting Traveler, he joined Hill at the head of the 3rd Corps on Orange Plank Road. A few miles north and east, Ewell's troops set off along the Orange Turnpike. As the Confederates advanced, the turnpike and the plank road slowly diverged, increasing the distance between Lee's two Confederate wings.
Unaware of Lee's approach, Meade issued orders intended to deploy the Army of the Potomac in a convex line facing west. Hancock, comprising the Union formation's southern wing, was to advance west along Catharpin Road; Warren, in the center, was to follow a wagon road cross-country to the Orange Plank Road; and Sedgwick, on the right, was to march to Wilderness Tavern and push west along the Orange Turnpike, supported by Burnside. Once the Union troops had assumed their new line, they were to continue west toward Lee, whom headquarters assumed was still twenty miles away near Orange Court House.
After a short march, Ewell's lead elements reached a stubble-filled clearing called Saunders' Field, athwart the Orange Turnpike. Eight hundred yards away, on the field's far side, they spotted Union pickets, who quickly alerted Warren that rebels were materializing at Saunders' Field. Taken by surprise – Warren had mistakenly presumed that Union cavalry would alert him of any rebels in the vicinity – Warren forwarded the information to Meade, who directed him to attack. "If any opportunity presents itself of pitching into a part of Lee's army," Grant wrote back in approval, "do so without giving time for disposition."
A courier from Ewell located Lee on Orange Plank Road and advised him that Ewell had encountered the enemy at Saunders Field. The Confederate commander advised his 2nd Corps commander against hazarding a "general engagement" until Longstreet arrived, which Lee did not expect to happen before dark. Deploying along the western margin of Sanders' Field and into woods on each side of the clearing, Ewell's Confederates stacked logs and tree limbs into low barricades.
Hours passed as Warren tried to position his troops to attack. Most of his soldiers had set off along the wagon road toward Parker's Store, and bringing them back risked an impossible traffic jam. Companies and regiments lost contact with one another in the thick foliage and maze-like ravines. Resorting to compasses, some troops attempted to navigate the Wilderness like mariners on a choppy sea.
Around 9:00 a.m., Meade received reports that Hill's Confederates were advancing along Orange Plank Road. Grant, who had joined Meade on a knoll near the Orange Turnpike, directed Meade to rush soldiers southward to keep the Confederates from gaining the strategic crossroads where the Plank Road intersected the Brock Road, which was the main artery running south. In short order, three VI Corps brigades under Brigadier General George W. Getty were hurrying toward that important road junction.
Hill's Confederates meanwhile pressed east, brushing aside elements from Wilson's cavalry and a small infantry contingent from Warren's Corps. As they neared the intersection, they passed through a clearing that was home to Catherine Tapp, a widow who lived there with several children, a granddaughter, and a laborer. Lee chose Widow Tapp's Field as his headquarters: it was three miles due-south of Saunders' Field, where Ewell was girding to fight Warren's thousands, and about a mile shy of the Brock Road intersection.
Hill's lead division under Henry Heth pressed on to discover that Getty's three brigades had occupied the intersection. Halting, Heth's troops dug in along a low ridge cut by gullies. Only a few hundred yards of saplings and undergrowth separated the Confederate and Union pickets, who shot at the slightest flicker of movement.
Lee's plan seemed to be working. Ewell and Hill had pinned Grant in the Wilderness. If the Northerners continued to dawdle, Longstreet would have time to arrive. But if Grant concentrated his weight against either of Lee's wings, the Confederate line would buckle. Not since Sharpsburg had the Army of Northern Virginia found itself in a more precarious position.
Smoking cigars on his knoll by the Orange Turnpike, Grant had reached the end of his patience. It was early afternoon, and Warren still had not attacked. Ewell's rebels were now firmly ensconced behind log and earthen barricades, and their artillery was rolling into place. In the six hours since their appearance, they had made Saunders Field a death trap.
Pressured mercilessly by Grant and Meade, Warren ordered an attack without waiting for Sedgwick's corps to arrive in support. Brigadier General Charles Griffin's division strode into Saunders' Field in neat lines of blue, Ewell's men opened fire, and the clearing became the slaughter pen that Warren had feared. Then the rebels counterattacked, ramming into pockets of disheartened Yankees and driving them back. The receding blue wave gave Ewell's marksmen excellent targets, making the retreat as deadly as the advance. Dry stubble ignited, and thick black smoke rolled across Saunders' Field, creating a nightmarish scene. Soldiers burned to death, and men died when flames ignited the powder in their cartridge belts.
In little over an hour, the fighting – at least the organized part of it – was over. Repulsed at Saunders' Field, Warren's men huddled on the clearing's eastern edge. Ambulances and wounded men packed the Orange Turnpike back to Wilderness Tavern, where piles of severed limbs rose higher by the minute.
Soon after the V Corps' repulse, Sedgwick's VI Corps pressed through the woods north of Warren and engaged in a nasty fight against the uppermost end of Ewell's formation. With Warren out of the fight, Ewell was able to shift units northward, where the thickets helped nullify Sedgwick's edge in numbers and permitted him to hold his own. Combat in the Orange Turnpike sector quieted around 4:00 p.m. as Sedgwick began entrenching on Warren's right. Aided by favorable terrain and by his enemy's failure to coordinate its assaults, Ewell had performed his defensive assignment to perfection.
As combat waned around the Orange Turnpike, Grant pestered Meade to attack along Orange Plank Road. Getty was in place, but he did not want to advance until supporting troops from Hancock's II Corps arrived. At 4:00 p.m., his patience exhausted, Meade ordered Getty to attack, with or without Hancock. Once again, Union headquarters' impatience had concocted a recipe for disaster.
Getty's men waded into the Wilderness, brushing through branches and vines and stumbling over logs and stumps hidden in the undergrowth. Muskets flashed, and sheets of lead tore into the Union ranks. Lying down, the Federals fired back through the haze at indistinct flashes. Tramping feet heralded Hancock's approach, and the fresh soldiers marched into the forest in support of Getty. As evening shadows stole over the Wilderness, the woods west of the Brock Road intersection witnessed a scene of unrelieved slaughter. "It was a mere slugging match in a dense thicket of small growth," a survivor reported, "where men but a few yards apart fired through the brushwood for hours."
Grant now understood that Lee had divided his army. Since Hancock and Getty had fastened Little Powell Hill in place, he reasoned; why not forward troops from the turnpike sector to strike the exposed northern end of Hill's line? Major General James S. Wadsworth, whose V Corps division was near Wilderness Tavern, began bushwhacking south toward Hill's flank, and Brigadier General Francis C. Barlow's division of Hancock's corps attacked Hill's front. Hill's only reserves were 150 Alabama troops assigned to guarding prisoners, and he sent them charging through the darkening woods, where they brought Wadsworth's advance to a halt. Nightfall ended the day's combat, and the hostile forces entrenched where they stood.
Lee had hoped that Ewell and Hill could pin Grant in the Wilderness, and they had not disappointed him. He had also expected Longstreet to arrive the next morning and swing into the Union army's vulnerable southern flank. Reconsidering his plan, Lee directed his War Horse to shift onto Orange Plank Road and come up in support of Hill. An aide located Longstreet at Richard's Shop, ten miles away, and delivered Lee's orders. Calculating his marching time, Longstreet decided to let his men rest until 1:00 a.m. Acting on assurances that Longstreet would arrive by morning, Lee firmed his new plans. Ewell was to keep the Federals busy on the Orange Turnpike, and as soon as Longstreet appeared, Hill was to retire to Catherine Tapp's farm and reach north, filling the void between the Confederate force's two wings. With his army united and fighting defensively, Lee hoped to stalemate Grant in the Wilderness.
Worried that their troops were unprepared for a concerted attack, Hill's division heads visited Hill at Widow Tapp's Field. Hill assured them that Longstreet's fresh troops would arrive before dawn and insisted that they not disturb their men.
At Wilderness Tavern, Grant directed a coordinated effort for the next morning. While most of Warren's and Sedgwick's Corps assailed Ewell at Saunders' Field to pin him in place, Hancock's augmented force was to grind forward and crush Hill with overwhelming numbers. To ensure Lee's destruction, Burnside was to drive between the two Confederate wings and turn south into Hill's fleeing troops, wrecking what remained of the Confederate 3rd Corps.
Soon after midnight, Longstreet started toward the Wilderness. He was unfamiliar with the road, however, and a guide sent by Lee lost his way. Trying to make up for lost time, the War Horse ordered his divisions to double up and march abreast.
Near sunrise on May 6, Warren initiated his holding action against Ewell, and Hancock attacked, overwhelming the Confederate 3rd Corps. The Army of Northern Virginia now faced its most serious crisis; Hill's troops were in full retreat, and Longstreet had not appeared. "Go back, men! You can beat those people," Lee shouted as he rode into the mob of soldiers retreating through Widow Tapp's Field. As Hancock's lead elements advanced into the clearing, a Confederate battery tried in vain to hold them back. "Why does not Longstreet come?" an aide heard Lee ask. "This was one of the most anxious times I felt during the war," one of Hill's staffers admitted. "The minutes seemed like hours, and the musketry was getting uncomfortably near and everything looked like disaster."
In the nick of time, Longstreet's Corps, ten thousand men strong, marched toward the sound of combat. Riding ahead to Widow Tapp's Field, Longstreet sized up the situation and acted decisively, deploying his troops as they arrived. "Keep cool, men, we will straighten this out in a short time – keep cool," Longstreet was heard to exclaim. Unable to contain his excitement, Lee stood high in his stirrups, swung his hat, and cried to the mixed Texas and Arkansas brigade in Longstreet's lead, "Texans always move them!" When he started forward with the troops, however, they shouted back, "Lee to the rear!" And when Lee ignored their pleas, a tall, bearded officer seized Traveler's bridle, and his companions stood in front of the animal, forming a human barricade. "Can't I, too, die for my country," a staffer heard Lee mutter under his breath as he turned and rode to the rear.
With piercing yells, Longstreet's corps charged across Widow Tapp's Field and drove the Federals from the clearing. Through an impressive feat of arms, the War Horse had reversed the battle's momentum and broken the Union offensive.
To Hancock's north, Burnside's attempt to cleave between Ewell and Hill and land in the Confederate rear came to naught. Advancing through dense forest, Burnside's troops were fought to a standstill by one of Ewell's brigades supported by artillery. The Wilderness's disorienting terrain was working to Lee's advantage and thwarted the Union offensive.
During the ensuing lull, Lee's chief engineer, Major General Martin Luther Smith, reconnoitered south of the Orange Plank Road and found the trace of an unfinished railroad. Planned before the war as a rail line between Orange Court House and Fredericksburg, the corridor had been cleared, but no tracks had been laid. By 1864, the unfinished railway grade was little more than a path through the forest.
Around 10:00 a.m., Smith approached Longstreet with an idea. The lower end of the Union army now rested in woods a short distance north of the unfinished railroad grade. By advancing troops along the railway grade, the Confederates could get athwart this vulnerable Union flank and launch a devastating surprise attack. Eager to multiply the damage, Longstreet decided to simultaneously assail the front of the Federal formation along the axis of the Orange Plank Road. Slammed by coordinated offensives, the Union force was bound to collapse. A vigorous pursuit might well drive the invaders across the Rapidan and give Lee the victory that he sought.
Assembling a handful of brigades, Longstreet dispatched them to the point designated by Smith. In an astonishing oversight, Hancock had neglected to strengthen his exposed southern flank or to post pickets. The Confederate attack came as a complete surprise. As the Union line buckled under the weight of the unexpected attack, Longstreet hurled the rest of his corps forward and achieved precisely the result he had desired. "You rolled me up like a wet blanket," Hancock admitted to Longstreet after the war.
The morning's despair among the men in gray turned to jubilation as Longstreet rode east along Orange Plank Road, accompanied by his headquarters cavalcade, several generals, and fresh troops from South Carolina under young Brigadier General Micah Jenkins, one of Lee's promising subordinates. Disaster struck, though, when Virginians in the fore of the flanking party crossed the plank road, realized they had outdistanced their supporting units, and circled back. Spying men on horseback, the Virginians opened fire. "Steady men, for God's sake steady," Jenkins hollered and tumbled from his mount, a ball through his brain. A minié ball pierced Longstreet's neck and exited the general's right shoulder. Severely wounded, he was taken to the rear by his men.
Longstreet's wounding seemed like an ill omen. Almost precisely a year before and within this same wilderness, Stonewall Jackson had been mortally wounded in an accidental shooting by his own soldiers. The parallel with Longstreet's shooting was uncanny, especially since Jackson, like Longstreet, had been cut down while executing a brilliant turning movement.
With the maneuver's mastermind incapacitated, the Confederate counterattack ground to a halt. Quiet settled over the woodland while Hancock pulled his forces back to the Brock Road and reorganized them in a line facing west. Anticipating that Lee might attack, Hancock's troops cleared the land in front of their position and constructed chest-high barricades.
Lee did not disappoint them. At 4:15 p.m., screaming rebels repulsed Hancock's pickets, burst into the cleared killing zone, and assailed Hancock's earthworks. In places, the barricades caught fire and billowed thick, resinous pine smoke. Confederates catapulted over the smoldering barriers, appearing, a Northern man thought, like devils leaping through flames. A breach appeared near a stand of Union artillery, and the gunners opened at close range with double-shotted canister as Union reinforcements rushed in, closing the break almost as quickly as it had opened. Vaulting over their wooden fortifications and charging into the demoralized Confederates, Hancock's troops drove them back through the woods.
As Longstreet's Confederates retired from the Brock Road and its flaming barricades, Lee's generals on the Orange Turnpike initiated yet another offensive. Near dark, Confederate Brigadier General John B. Gordon moved troops to a concealed position near the far northern end of the Union line, occupied by novices from New York. The Federals had just stacked their muskets and started cooking when Gordon's men descended on them, "like a pack of wild dogs," according to a surprised Union man.
Couriers rushed to Grant's headquarters with news of the disaster. When an officer warned that Lee meant to cut the Union army off from the Rapidan, Grant lost his temper. "Oh, I am heartily tired of hearing about what Lee is going to do," he said. "Some of you seem to think he is suddenly going to turn a double somersault, and land in our rear and on both of our flanks at the same time. Go back to your command, and try to think what we are going to do ourselves, instead of what Lee is going to do."
The danger had indeed been exaggerated. Nightfall and the Wilderness' disorienting effect took the steam out of Gordon's offensive, and Union reinforcements expelled the attackers, ending the crisis and bringing the Battle of the Wilderness to a close.
In the short run, the Battle of the Wilderness was a Confederate victory. Lee's smaller army had fought Grant's juggernaut to an impasse, holding the attackers to the line of the Rapidan River as Lee had hoped. The Confederate general's gamble had paid, and his army now held a strong defensive position along high ground.
The bigger picture, however, was less comforting for Lee. The battle had cost Grant some 18,000 soldiers, almost 20% of his combat force, but Lee's subtractions were also severe -- about 11,000 men, a smaller number than Grant's losses, but also close to 20% of the Confederate army. Grant could replace his losses, but Confederate reinforcements were limited. A few more battles like the Wilderness, and the Army of Northern Virginia would be shattered. In addition, Grant had fought with persistence unusual for Union generals in Virginia. And the Federal commander still held the strategic advantage; locked in place by the larger Union force, Lee was unable to launch the grand maneuvers that had characterized his warring in the past.
The next morning, Grant settled on his next move. Rather than batter against Lee's defenses in the Wilderness, he would shift the Union army southward, toward Spotsylvania Court House. With the Federal force between Lee and Richmond, the Confederates would have no choice but to abandon their strong position in the Wilderness and rush south to protect the Confederate capital, giving Grant a chance to attack Lee on open ground. That evening, the Army of the Potomac started south, opening the next chapter in Grant's campaign of maneuver in the Overland Campaign.
Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness: May 5 – 6, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.
C. F. Atkinson, Grant's Campaigns of 1864 and 1864: The Wilderness and Cold Harbor. London: H. Rees Ltd., 1908.
Stephen Cushman, Bloody Promenade, Reflections on a Civil War Battle. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
Clifford Dowdey, Lee's Last Campaign: The Story of Lee and His Men Against Grant - 1864. Boston & Toronto: Little Brown and Company, 1960.
Gary W. Gallagher, ed., The Wilderness Campaign. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1977.
Mark Grimsley, And Keep Moving on: The Virginia Campaign, May – June, 1864. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 2005.
Earl J. Hess, Trench Warfare Under Grant and Lee: Field Fortifications in the Overland Campaign. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Andrew A. Humphreys, The Virginia Campaign of '64 and '65. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883.
Grady McWhiney, Battle in the Wilderness: Grant Meets Lee. Abilene, Texas: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1998.
Gordon C. Rhea, Carrying the Flag: The Story of Private Charles Whilden, the Confederacy's Most Unlikely Hero. New York: Basic Books, 2004.
Gordon C. Rhea and Chris E. Heisey, In the Footsteps of Grant and Lee: The Wilderness Through Cold Harbor. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.
Leigh Robinson, The South Before and at the Battle of the Wilderness. Richmond: James E. Goode, 1878.
Theodore P. Savas, ed., The Battle of the Wilderness: Grant and Lee Below the Rapidan River. Mason City, Iowa: Savas Publishing Company, 1999.
Morris Schaff, The Battle of the Wilderness. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.
Robert Garth Scott, Into the Wilderness with the Army of the Potomac. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1985.
Edward Steere, The Wilderness Campaign. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1960.
Noah Andre Trudeau, Bloody Roads South: The Wilderness to Cold Harbor, May – June, 1864. Little Brown: Boston, 1989.
Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield
Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield is an organization whose purpose is to preserve, protect and interpret the Wilderness Battlefield in partnership with the National Parks Service. P.O. Box 576, Locust Grove, Virginia, 22508
Central Virginia Battlefield Trust
The mission of the Central Virginia Battlefield Trust is to purchase significant Civil War battlefields and landmarks to preserve themin perpetuity and to serve as a facilitator and advocate for battlefield preservantion on the local, state and federal level. Tel: 540 374 0900 P.O. Box 3417, Fredericksburg, Virginia, 22402.
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Unite Us
Struggle no more. Take your place as rightful heirs to this world we call earth and set to right the wrongs of humanity. Unite Us! —Kosal Khiev
Press Play. Sit Back. Listen. Repeat.
This is "Unite Us" by Kosal Khiev
This video is dedicated to
all Trayvon Martins
all Fathers and Mothers who are deported
all Children serving life sentences in American prisons
— Studio Revolt, July 17, 2013
HOME CLUB presents SPEAK (Kosal Khiev – Cambodia)
Poetry Parnassus at Contacting the Word—Kosal Khiev – 'Love You I'
As part of the Poetry Parnassus tour Bewketu Seyoum,Kosal Khiev read at Contacting the Word hosted by Reece Williams. The event was part of Contacting the World 2012 at the Contact Theatre, Manchester.
Poetry Parnassus at Way With Words – Kosal Khiev
At the Way With Words festival in Dartington, BBC journalist Razia Iqbal hosted a Poetry Parnassus tour event on Freedom of Expression. Along with Ribka Sibhatu and Jang Jin Seong, Kosal Khiev spoke about his exile from the USA to Cambodia
Kosal Finds His Father in France
On March 26, 2013. A random person from France makes an FB contact with Kosal. She turns out to be his half sister he never knew existed.
Kosal Khiev aka Spoken Kosal, Send off party at Pontoon, Phnom Penh Cambodia, featuring KlapYaHandz, Tiny Toones, and friends. Organized by KlapYaHandz 391 Films, an initiative of the {K}reactive nation. Track in the Background: Phnom Penh, featuring Dolla (Sokha Chhim), Prolifik (Chally), Gobeshite (Grant), Bboy Peanut and Aping. Produced by Sok Cream Visal for KlapYaHandz Production
Kosal Detained in London Airport for "further questions regarding your visa"
"Kosal Khiev and Masahiro arrived at Heathrow airport on June 23rd as planned to attend the London 2012 Cultural Olympiad for Poetry Parnassus where 204 poets from 204 countries gather to celebrate peace and art. Kosal was invited to represent the Kingdom of Cambodia. Upon arrival at the border control, immigration officials blocked his entry and detained him. He is currently at an immigration holding center, experiencing some trauma that he went through a year ago when he was deported to Cambodia from the U.S. We are making all efforts to free Kosal. Please help spread the word and build pressure to the UK border control. Kosal has a visa issued by UK government to participate in this event. Thank you."
Kosal Released
Kosal was finally released from the UK immigration authority after over 20 hours of incarceration. We still need to find out what kept him there but for now we have little to worry about. Thank you so much for your support. They took a notice of the large amount of international inquiries that followed his detention. It definitely made the difference. Otherwise, it would have been not until Monday afternoon (I'm guessing). So thank you.


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Words that end in echoslovakian
Found 1 words that end in echoslovakian. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with echoslovakian. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing echoslovakian
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Burchett Transmission located at 2947 Millers Run Road in Lucasville, OH services vehicles for Transmission Repair. Call (740) 259-3503 to book an appointment or to hear more about the services of Burchett Transmission.
Be the first cleveland.com user to add photos or videos of Burchett Transmission
Burchett Transmission can be found at Millers Run Rd 1399. The following is offered: Auto Repairs. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Lucasville there are 3 other Auto Repairs. An overview can be found here.
Since 1996 the company has been providing Automotive Transmission Repair Shops.


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The Great Gardening Collection (0)
|Region: 2
UPC/Barcode: (unknown)
Released: 30th November -0001
Release type: Pulled
|No. of Discs: 6
Catalogue No: DEMDVD1430
Category: Special Interest, Gardening
Format: DVD / Normal
No subtitling information available for this DVD title. [explanation]
Claimed subtitles: (unknown)
Subtitling reviews:
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Film information
Story: Programme giving advice and techniques on making your garden right for you. Featuring tips on everything from choosing the right greenhouse to sowing vegetable seeds, this programme sees seasoned gardener John Lewis share his handy hints.
Presenter: John Lewis
DVD information
Studio/distributor: Demand/Koch
Other releases of this film
The Great Gardening Collection (Retail / Rental)
DVD Information: Copyright ©2018 Bibliographic Data Services Ltd trading as West 10. For personal non-commercial use only. All rights reserved.
Subtitling Information: Copyright ©2002-2018 dvd-subtitles.com.


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Tuesday, December 08, 2015
Cardboard Scratching Post #Scratcher4CLAWS
A Sturdy Vertical Scratcher
Is your cat scratching on walls, door frames or other vertical surfaces? This wall mounted cardboard Scratching Post allows your kitty to scratch and stretch in an upright position.
Created with Premium Pressed Cardboard, these durable scratchers are dense enough to be able to withstand your cat's beating and lasts longer than others. Wall mounted with adhesive pads, they are easy to install and are firm enough for your cat to put her weight on it. The Scratching Post is remarkably affordable for this quality. You'll want several to spread them around the house. Your kitty will deeply appreciate it!
4CLAWS BASICS Collection
Got extra scratching needs? Or have multiple cats to care for? Get the entire BASICS Collection scratchers that accommodate your cat's every need to scratch. Designed and tested with different profiles, each model is tailored for a specific scratching condition. From horizontal, arched, inclined, to vertical scratching needs, our collection takes cares of every one of them.
I received complimentary product.
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Here it is, Max Factor Fantasy Fire! I have to say I had seen this often in the Max Factor section at my local shopping centre and always thought to myself, 'If I had money, I would definitely buy that polish'. Well, Alicea was lovely enough to have purchased a second bottle and now I'm finally trying it out.
I did not expect it to be an overcoat polish at all. But I have to say its effects are mesmerizing. I layered one coat of Fantasy Fire over two coats of Lacquer Noir. Noir is a little difficult to get a full coat with one dip in the polish,I think because of the little bottle and the little brush. I don't normally like have lots of polish on the brush, because it makes thick layers, but it is definitely necessary for this polish. Other than that, it goes on smoothly and is a lovely black creme.
Fantasy Fire is super easy to work with and looks absolutely amazing over black.
I tried to take a photos showing the different shades the glitter shines but I don't think I got them all. It changes from a beautiful green, to a deep fiery red and sometimes the purple base shines through too. Definitely a must have polish.


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Katie LaPotin, Red Alert Politics, March 1, 2014
Science nerds, unite! President Barack Obama has once again found himself in the middle of an awesome presidential selfie, this time with two of the nation's preeminent scientists – Bill Nye ("The Science Guy") and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson.
"What an honor. And we even pulled off 'The Presidential Selfie' (!!)," Nye wrote on Instagram.
Both men were at the White House Friday as part of the first-annual White House Student Film Festival. The festival, which focused on the importance of technology in everyday life, showcased 16 of the more than 2,500 official entries received from students nationwide.
Attendees also saw a sneak peek of the new "Cosmos" TV series, hosted by Tyson and set to premiere on March 9.
"The Academy Awards are not until Sunday, but as you can see, we brought the Oscars to the White House a little bit early," Obama told the student filmmakers. "We've got the red carpet, we've got the big screens, the opening monologue. The only difference is, nobody asks what you're wearing."
The scientists were later joined by "Harold and Kumar" actor Kal Penn for another selfie. Penn, who also starred on Fox's "House, M.D.", served as the associate director of the White House Office of Public Engagement during the president's first term.


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Tablet PCs Introduction
But it's not just consumers who are realizing the benefits of using tablet PCs. Companies are also starting to buy them for their employees to use at work, and many professionals and managers report that they have proven to be valuable tools for businesses. Some companies will replace their employees' laptops, tablets, while others are introducing new handheld devices for use in tandem with desktop PCs and laptops.
With an increasing number of applications and development programs, the number of work-related use of the tablets - and the variety of professional positions in which they can use - is growing all the time. With pills in hand, users of all types of industries can save their companies time and money through greater access to real-time information to make informed decisions faster and more accurately. Portability and robustness of a Tablet PC, and the relative ease of typing commands to a flat screen rather than having to bother with a laptop and the swivel keypad also open up a whole range of new applications for mobile users.
For example, engineers and inspectors are able to take it on the spot without having to worry that can cause harm to a little 'dirty, and use it to store, send and receive data, calculations, and photographs. The tablet is small enough to fit in your pocket and held in one hand, but also large enough to use comfortably. Your doctor can do his rounds, tablet PC and use it to obtain immediate information on drug interactions and differences in diagnosis, and even view images of MRI and CT scans and uses them to make quick decisions on further treatment. Supply chain managers are also increasingly being used in tablet PC real-time inventory and order data so they can see what needs to be transferred, if the air to drive back to the terminal.
Although IPAD was the first pill to have a real impact on the market, and still tops the list in terms of market share, now there are many competing models to choose from. Other manufacturers run their shelves or in the Android operating system Windows 7, with more platforms for development. This helps to attract buyers of companies have been reluctant to add to their IT equipment queues Apple because their existing Windows or Linux.
It 'also good news for small businesses who wish to see their budgets, as some - but not all - of the new crop coming out of the tablets are now very affordable. This applies particularly to the most sophisticated tablet PC were directly imported from China and sold online at wholesale prices. So many different models available and more and more specialist software is developed, many companies are doing to move the mobile use in 2011, about a quarter of the planned 56 million tablets sold this year is expected to purchase the company's customers.


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Words containing avilimo
Found 1 words containing avilimo. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain avilimo. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play!
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This is a cup & saucer set. The cup is a straight sided, flat bottom cup. This saucer measures 5 5/8" in diameter. The cup measures 3 1/4" in diameter by 2 1/4" deep. The pattern has blue panels with cupids. The bottom of each piece is marked, Bone China COALPORT Made in England Est. 1750 REVELRY. This pattern was made 1970-93. I have 5 of these sets available. All are in excellent condition. The price is for a single set. You may buy 1 or more. I have purchased a massive amount of this pattern. I have listed many more pieces.
37 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List
Variety: Of Antiques & Collectibles. Pottery, China,- Pottery. Tins, Boxes, Paintings, Prints
The heat is on here in Texas. Today was "stifling". A good day to stay indoors and shop.


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Data Services
Research data can be broadly defined as the recorded, observed, factual material commonly accepted in the scholarly community as necessary to validate research findings. In support of faculty research data, the DGS team provides services throughout the research lifecycle.
We serve the entire University community in supporting research data initiatives across campus, including successful projects in STEM fields, architecture, medicine, humanities, social sciences, law, social work, business and engineering.
Data Services staff provide services throughout the research lifecycle:
Finding Data
Datasets - This is a listing of many of the datasets available to the WU Community. Contact information or links to the datasets are listed. If you don't see something you need, please contact Cynthia Hudson Vitale.
Faculty datasets are available through the Digital Research Materials Repository (DRMR)
Not finding what you need? Contact us!
Data Management Planning (DMP)
Schedule a DMP consult
Get boilerplate language for archiving data with the DRMR
Manage active research data
Data Analysis
Analyze data using a variety of methods and tools (such as R, Python, Matlab, Mathematica and more)
Learn more about our analysis services by contacting Cindy Traub, Ph.D., Data Specialist.
Data Curation
Archive/Preserve research data in the DRMR
Facilitate the sharing of research data!
Data Storage
There are a variety of research data storage options available for WU faculty, students and staff. Learn more.


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Latin Americans are jumping into the mobile market at an exploding rate, deploying a projected 200 million smartphones by 2018.
That and other insights were revealed by Miami-based IMS and ComScore in the second edition of their annual study tracking regional trends in digital consumption and mobile apps.
"A very simple smartphone for $400 opens up a whole new universe. This is the beginning of something really big and confirms the opportunity," said Gastón Taratuta, CEO, founder and partner of IMS, Latin America's largest independent digital ad sales and media buying firm.
Taratuta, who started IMS in 2005 with $5,000, manages the company's strategic direction and oversees all IMS sales teams. IMS' services include the commercial representation for Twitter, LinkedIn, Waze, Spotify, FourSquare, EA and other social, geolocation and gaming and entertainment companies.
Some findings from IMS' survey and research:
▪ About 90 percent of people connected to the internet in Latin America own a smartphone. Android is the preferred operating system.
▪ On average, Latin Americans own 17 apps. "The entry point for the Internet today is through applications," Taratuta said.
▪ Those who are connected to the internet spend more than 37 hours on all connected devices weekly, versus about seven hours in front of the TV. Millenials spend about 12.7 hours weekly on their smartphones but only five hours on TV. "This is an important measure for advertisers. The new prime time is my own time," Taratuta said. "It shows consumers are in control."
▪ Heaviest internet usage is in Brazil, Colombia and Chile. About 98 percent connect via a smartphone; about half of those also connect via a tablet.
▪ About 66 percent of smartphone users in Latin America made a purchase from their devices within the past six months.
▪ Snapchat and Spotify saw strong engagement among millennials, compared to the majority of other apps measured.
What's driving these results? Telecom companies have become aggressive in subsidizing smartphones and tablets, and prices are decreasing. Still, unlimited data plans are not common and more infrastructure and accessibility is needed in the region, Taratuta said. "We need a lot of things but it is growing exponentially."
Today, IMS has about 470 employees and offices in 12 Latin American countries in addition to its Miami headquarters and New York office. IMS runs campaigns for 1,700 advertisers and 450 agencies in 16 markets. In just over 10 years, IMS has gone from $2 million in billings to about $150 million projected for this year. Taratuta said. Last year, Sony Pictures Television bought a majority stake in IMS.
IMS, whose management team stayed in place after the Sony acquisition, sees more acquisitions in its future and plans eventually to expand its market focus beyond Latin America, Taratuta said. The company currently is negotiating with some European companies, and it sees opportunity in southeast Asia, the Middle East and central Europe.


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Houston Home Sales Break Records In JuneAccording to the latest monthly report from the Houston Association of REALTORS (HAR), 8,518 single-family homes sold in June compared to the last record high
How To Safely Dispose Of Your Christmas Tree
Dated: 01/02/2017
Views: 174
As we near the end of the holiday season, you may find yourself wondering about the best way to dispose of your holiday tree. It is important to remove your tree from your home before it becomes too dry as dry trees are much more likely to cause house fires.
Follow these simple steps to safely and easily dispose of your tree:
Remove all trimmings – Before you dispose of your tree, it is imperative to remove all decorations including lights, ornaments, tinsel or any other trimmings. Returning it to its natural elements is of utmost importance when disposing of your tree.
Cover the tree – Use a large plastic tree bag. This will help contain any needles or sap from falling from the tree as they can damage your hardwood floors and carpet. If any needles have dropped on your hardwood floor, carefully remove them with a broom so they do not clog vacuum cleaners.
Check with waste management – Many local waste management companies provide curbside pickup for trees. If you find that your waste management company offers this service, bring your tree to the curb outside your home, making sure not to obstruct any roads, sidewalks or driveways. You may also want to confirm they have no additional instructions. To locate the closest waste management company to you, click here.
Recycle your tree – If your local waste management company does not provide curbside pickup, there is likely a nearby recycling center where you can bring your tree. Many of these centers will chip and shred your tree for use as mulch or as part of erosion programs providing environmental benefit.
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Karen & Henry Seale
(409) 770-4076
1 comments in this topic
Very nice blog.
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Food & Supplies for Severe Weather Along the Texas Gulf CoastAs we approach early August and the month of September, Texas residents along the Gulf Coast should be prepared to protect


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Stationery Order Form
Please indicate below which stationery items you would like to order. For your convenience, pricing is available by clicking here ( opens in new window). Standard turnaround time is two weeks or ten business days. For more information contact Leanne Dech at email@example.com or call (207) 725-3522.


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A major problem for any web designer is concerned with how to navigate through the website's many pages.
I've tried a few different methods, such as flyout menus and drop down div tags, but ultimately any navigation system is experimental, and a designer may feel free to explore any of the many design possibilities.
With this in mind, I'm trying to keep the primary nav bar located at the top of this page as simple as possible, and any further navigation requirements located in a gallery such as the one you will find below:
I'm a big fan of Flight Simulation. I'm a member of a couple of flight sim forums and I made this site to share my views with my flight sim buddies.
I assembled this database to represent my DVD collection. It's not exhaustive by any means, but I wanted to learn about how XML works.
Here is a little bit of Javascript which will perform 3D polar and rectangular coordinate transformations.
Web design requires constant experimentation. With this web page I experiment with open spaces.
This is by no means a serious treatment of Boltzmann's constant, but it has been a fascinating observation in my experience.
Any astronomical observation has to begin with a specification of which day the observation was made. This will be the Julian Day Number.
Here is a little Javascript which will compare a number of motorcycles according to their power and weight specifications.
Spherical trigonometry is a very pretty bit of math and very useful for performing some astronomical calculations.
I use spherical trigonometry to calculate the azimuth and altitude of the sun on any day and hour. It's not perfectly accurate, but it's close.
Here's some Javascript which will calculate the displacement of a motorcycle engine on the basis of stroke and bore specifications.
Here are some photos which I took. I live in a small country town, so I see quite a lot of landscape from day to day.
Email: email@example.com
Phone: 02 6768 7992
Website: www.mikebeckwith.id.au
Home made here in Werris Creek, NSW
Copyright © Mike Beckwith 2018


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Martha's Vineyard: President Obama Returns to the Island
By David Skill
President Barack Obama is heading back to his summer vacation spot of choice, Martha's Vineyard, a day earlier that originally planned. Eager for a vacation, Obama is leaving the White House this afternoon with his wife, Michelle, and his daughters Malia and Sasha, instead of on Saturday as initially planned. WATD's Ed Perry is on the Vineyard:
The President plans no public events during the 17 days he will spend at a rented 7-bedroom, 9-bath property on the island. It will be Obama's 6th Martha's Vineyard vacation since he took office in 2009. He skipped a summer vacation during his 2012 re-election campaign.
Via:: Martha's Vineyard: President Obama Returns to the Island


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Your Ideas Deployed
A spark, an idea, the imagination is a powerful thing, but how we implement that creativity and channel it into a productive medium sets the spark on fire.
There are no good or bad ideas, just ones that can be channeled productively. Having the right resources and tools can make the difference between the success or failure of your mission. We believe the sky is the limit, and we want to help you get the results and heights you want for your ideas.
Deploying an idea is a strategic process. It takes time, planning, experience, and deployment. But, just as the graphic illustrates, even once your concept is deployed it takes a lot of work to keep it flying high.


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On November 10th, 1775, the Second Continental Congress resolved to raise two battalions of Continental Marines marking the birth of our United States Marine Corps. Much time was given to considering an appropriate motto. They finally chose the Latin phrase Semper Fidelis . Semper Fidelis is engraved on the mind of very United States Marine. What does it mean? ALWAYS FAITHFUL! Because faithfulness is so important, the Bible repeatedly warns us not to "fall away." The clearest warning is Heb. 6:48. In this passage, the saved possess five characteristics: 1. They are "enlightened," i.e., they possess true knowledge and understanding of the gospel. 2. They "have tasted of the heavenly gift," the gift of salvation (Eph. 2:8-9). 3. They "have been made partakers of the Holy Spirit," having drunk the living water (Jn. 7:37-39; 1 Cor. 12:13). 4. They "have tasted the good word of God," having believed & received its promises. 5. They have tasted "the powers of the age to come," referring to the already experienced resurrection from spiritual death (Eph. 2:5; Col. 2:12-13), in anticipation of the future redemptive resurrection of the body. T his passage speaks of true Christianity. Therefore, if one "falls away" from the saved state, "it is impossible to renew them again to repentance" (v.6); impossible for a fallen person to return WHILE or AS LONG AS they are "crucifying again" and "putting to open shame" the Son of God (v.6). We must always "abide in Him" (John 15:5). Therefore, a Christian is not just faithful when it's personally convenient, or when the circumstances will guarantee his personal happiness. A Christian is ALWAYS FAITHFUL , regardless of personal convenience or happiness.
Read Rev. 2:10. A Christian practices Semper Fidelis !


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School Partners
About Us
Philadelphia Waterborne is a program in Engaged Learning, an educational initiative rooted in the cultural arts and designed to demonstrate these arts' crucial importance to student educational outcomes. We believe that the hand and the brain work best in concert, and that students learn best by doing. Project-based, immersive, and experiential, ... Learn More
Cultural Arts Partners
Our Supporters
Support for Philadelphia Waterborne of CultureTrust Greater Philadelphia provided in part by the Philadelphia Cultural Fund.
Subaru of America Foundation, Inc.
Philadelphia Waterborne receives state arts funding support through a grant from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, a state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the National Endowment for the Arts, a federal agency.
Philadelphia Waterborne is an educational program, rooted in the fundamental belief that students learn best by doing. Our programming is inherently experiential and project-based, utilizing boat-building, maritime history, and environmental education to reinforce our school partners' core educational curricula. Most of our programs take place at School and Cultural Arts Partner sites.
Contact Form
© 2014 Philadelphia Waterborne


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About goblingee
- Birthday 09/17/1977
Profile Information
- Gender Male
- Location UK
- Gaming Platform PC
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in Announcements & UpdatesHow's life Christian? I hope things are looking up. Would be good to hear how things are going.
goblingee posted a topic in Announcements & UpdatesI saw a tweet from Christian today which intimated that he might be coming back to the forum and would like to be the 1st to say welcome back. Where are Terry and the guys too?
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in Announcements & UpdatesSweet, I'm going to try out the 36c Ghost Recon is owned by UBI not Serellan and as such we will never have a return to pre GRFS, what we really need is for Epsilon to be the best that it can be. have you tried it out yet?
goblingee replied to Dagger2Bravo's topic in Gaming DiscussionI fired up my PC and played a game just like GRAW 2 the other day... no hold on... it was GRAW 2.
goblingee replied to GBC's topic in General DiscussionPC players who use controllers are traitors!!! I would say that making a working game on 1 platform and then moving it to others is better, it should give us all a better product in the end. Its all about the fingers, also never try to play with the KB + M on a laptop, they are horrible. (get an external KB+M and get finger training)
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in General Discussion1: How much content do you see being in the game on full release? (Maps, Story, MP - COOP/PVP, Kit/weapons) and will the story missions impact on each other from 1 to the next and in what way? 2: To what level do you plan on supporting the game after release? (as in just patches and fixes or additional paid content, expansions, stories, map packs) 3: You guys are working hard and we all appreciate it. Is the development on target as far as your road map goes and how far along that road are you? I know these are things which get discussed here and those of us that are already here may know the answers to some or all of them, however as it is a Q+A video I feel that answers to these questions may help build interest from people that view the video but don't frequent these forums.
goblingee replied to roELjoe's topic in Technical SupportStalker!!!
goblingee posted a topic in Gaming Discussionhttp://www.pcgamer.com/socom-lives-how-a-ps2-classic-is-being-remastered-by-fans/
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in General DiscussionOr ray guns.
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in General Discussion1st....... I went MP5, I want G36 too but for CQC give me MP5. I went MP5 rather than MP5SD as presumably there will be the option to add the silencer anyway;-)
Doesn't it base it on games in your library?
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in General DiscussionJust to let you know, r/gamingnews just tweeted my reddit link so it should get seen by a few people. I retweeted it, might help if you guys do similar.
Looks like I win. Go check out my new sexy steam profile background I DARE YOU!!!!
goblingee replied to Jonathan's topic in Gaming DiscussionSweet, so EA is imminent then?
goblingee replied to Serellan's topic in General DiscussionDone. https://www.reddit.com/r/gaming/comments/3qt4yi/epsilon_creator_serellan_are_giving_1000_copies/


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For the first time in years, there is some optimism about community banks' results ahead of the quarterly reporting season.
Analysts said they finally have reason to believe that credit quality could be getting better as many banks restructured balance sheets in 2010. The research team at KBW Inc.'s Keefe, Bruyette & Woods has estimated that nonperforming assets at small and midsize banks fell 0.7% in the fourth quarter from the third quarter.
When community banks report fourth-quarter results in the coming weeks, "we are expecting to see fairly strong year-over-year earnings growth largely on the back of improved credit quality," said Aaron James Deer, an analyst at Sandler O'Neill & Partners LP. "We could even approach an inflection point where it starts to decline."
Still, analysts will be sorting among myriad bank results to separate leaders from laggards, to determine who is thriving and who is merely surviving. Many banks continue to struggle with capital issues and remain indebted to the Treasury Department's Troubled Asset Relief Program. Balance sheets keep shrinking at many banks as loan growth remains elusive.
Credit quality also continues to be a key differentiator. Most analysts expect signs of stabilization, particularly in healthier states where banks have already reported declines in nonperforming loans.
Such was the case at Astoria Financial Corp. in Lake Success, N.Y. Nonperforming loans at the $18.9 billion-asset company fell 3.7% at Sept. 30 from a quarter earlier, to $399.6 million.
Still, some wonder if the improvement was sustainable.
"I'm cautiously optimistic about credit quality looking good for the second quarter in a row," said Mark Fitzgibbon, an analyst at Sandler O'Neill & Partners LP.
The biggest separation could occur in distressed states such as California. Deer expects City National Corp. in Los Angeles to be a leader in the Golden State. The $21.8 billion-asset company had $297.6 million of nonperforming assets at Sept. 30, down 34% from a year earlier.
Jefferson Harralson, an analyst at Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, is watching the Southeast and the Sun Belt. "We know what to expect in states like Georgia and Florida," he said. "In states like Tennessee, Texas and North Carolina we're trying to figure out" if delinquencies will rise, peak or fall.
Harralson highlighted Pinnacle Financial Partners in Nashville, Tenn., which could show a peak in nonperforming following a period of unexpected deterioration.
Another company to watch is Old Second Bancorp Inc. in Aurora, Ill., a major residential lender near Chicago, one of the hardest-hit areas in the housing downturn. At Sept. 30, more than half of the $2.3 billion-asset company's construction and development book was nonperforming. Also, nonperforming assets totaled $285 million at Sept. 30, making up 11.6% of total assets and up 23% rise since the end of 2009.
"We want to know how credit and capital is trending," said Daniel Cardenas at Howe Barnes Hoefer & Arnett Inc.
Capital remains on the minds of those who follow Old Second. The company and its bank are well capitalized but the bank is out of compliance with higher-than-normal capital ratios required by a 2009 enforcement action. The company last year called off a plan to swap common stock for trust-preferred shares to focus on cutting assets and costs to build capital.
Also operating under a regulatory order is National Penn Bancshares Inc. in Boyertown, Pa. After it struggled to lift capital ratios, National Penn's fortunes turned last year when Warburg Pincus invested $150 million in the $9.24 billion-asset company.
"I think people will be hitting them up to find out whether they're finally going to repay Tarp, and if they're going to get out from under the" regulatory order, said KBW's Damon DelMonte.
In a twist, Rick Weiss, an analyst at Janney Montgomery Scott, said he'll be listening for indications from Scott Fainor, National Penn's chief executive, that the company may eventually use its newfound capital for acquisitions.
The same can be said for Glacier Bancorp in Kalispell, Mont., which last year outlined a bold acquisition strategy that never came to fruition, leaving the $6.47 billion-asset company's capital levels at an all-time high. Some analysts predict deals for 2011.
First Niagara Financial Group in Buffalo, N.Y., could become a regional powerhouse after buying NewAlliance Bancshares Inc. Analysts want an update on the deal and a sense of whether the $20.8 billion-asset company is set to buy again.
Also pending is Hancock Holding Corp.'s deal to acquire Whitney Holding Corp. in New Orleans. Hancock's $8.3 billion of assets combined with Whitney's $11.5 billion would create one of the largest community banks in the Gulf Coast region.
"It will be interesting to see if Whitney chooses to close some offices … and discusses its decision to sell," Harralson said.
Balance sheet management remains a topic of interest. Most banks have aggressively restructured their balance sheets and shrunk assets. Analysts have waited to see what a "true" balance sheet looks like.
Signature Bank in New York may be a sign of things to come. Terry McEvoy, an analyst at Oppenheimer & Co., said he would likes to see if the $10.9 billion-asset company's results are in line with a stock that rose nearly 30% during the fourth quarter. "We want to know if the fundamentals support that kind of move," he said.
Peyton Green at Sterne Agee said Signature is following up on a third quarter marked by strong deposit and loan growth, expense control and low credit costs. "There are very few banks whose cylinders are firing on all levels like this."
Though many analysts were concerned about banks' inability to expand portfolios, some are being closely watched due to loan growth, even in the most ailing states.
SVB Financial Group in Santa Clara, Calif., increased loans by 7% during the first nine months of 2010, to $4.9 billion. About 83% of the loans are in commercial loans. "Silicon Valley Bank has a very unique franchise and they have posted strong loan growth during the past couple quarters, and I expect that to continue," said Deer.
Deer attributed SVB's loan growth to its focus on commercial business, specifically in technology and life sciences companies where private equity continues to show strong investment interest. He expected the $15.7 billion-asset SVB to continue to have loan growth in the double digits.
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'Hugh Walker (Matt Day) seems to have it all. He's 31, charming, handsome, and a senior associate in the largest law firm in the land. He numbers amongst his clients some of the country's most powerful banks and insurance companies, and his employers see him as a litigator who will eventually join their own esteemed ranks as a living God.
'Oh, how Hugh longs for an office with a harbour view (and the things he will do to get one!)
'There's just one small problem. A vow he made when he worked for Carneys, an ideologically sound law firm that acted for the little guys against the corporate monoliths. He promised himself that he would never cross to the dark side. Now when he looks in the mirror, he doesn't like what he sees. And his dreams, his alcohol fuelled nightmares, are filled with images of those he has skewered with justice's sword ... farmers, paraplegics, brain-damaged children ... they all come to visit him at night.
'And his waking hours aren't helped any by the fact that he has fallen out of love with his fabulous girlfriend, Helen (Marta Dusseldorp) and in love with the divine Caroline (Lisa McCune). Deception mounts deception.
'The closer you get to the top of the greasy pole, the more slippery it becomes. Hugh just manages to hold on ... until he finds himself the only witness to a frantic, sexual indiscretion on the boardroom table, and the centre of a bitter power struggle between two warring factions within the firm's senior partners.
'He seems damned whichever way he turns, and that harbour view is becoming more and more elusive...'
Source: Australian Television Information Archive. (Source: 10/5/2013)


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Coco Reef Resort - Reader Reports & Opinion
Guest Report
Phil Mann from U.K. visited in April 2013 and awarded
We really enjoyed our stay at the Coco Reef and found it very relaxing with a great ambience. The room, breakfast, beach and general facilities were all excellent.
We were slightly disappointed with the standard of the nearby bars and restaurants as we were B&B. That was until we found the Cafe Coco which we used for four nights and thoroughly enjoyed.
Have already recommended the resort to friends
Guest Report
Zachary Alexander from Canada visited in December 2012 and awarded
Value for money, on the expensive side but we loved this destination getaway - we appreciate it better from the other run-of-the-mill, over populated tourist resorts available in the Cbb. We'll definitely return!
Guest Report
Liz Burchell from U.K. visited in November 2012 and awarded
Returned after awesome stay same time last year. Staff, food, location even better than we remembered. Nothing too much trouble, neat little touches on return e.g. check in conducted in offfice whilst drinking champagne. Yes decor may be looking a little tired but room, towels, bedding always spotless. Would love to make this a third visit next year but cash flow constraints unfortunately mean we probably will not be able to.
Guest Report
Sue Dickinson from U.K. visited in September 2012 and awarded
Only the south west of Tobago is developed for tourism. The rest of the island has lots of small attractive villages and lovely sandy beaches, edged by forests, that are almost deserted, and the mountainous rainforest in the middle. The location of the Coco Reef is convenient and the view from the restaurant over the gardens, narrow beach, man-made lagoon and the yachts beyond is beautiful. Breakfast was good and it was great to relax in the sun and look at the view. Dinner in the main restaurant was variable as was the service. The bedrooms let it down. We were upgraded to a suite with 2 huge rooms and a kitchenette. This had a fridge, microwave and (poor quality) units with a breakfast bar but no plates or dishes. It was useful for washing swimming and snorkelling gear. The bathroom was small and poorly appointed with one small towel rail that would not take all the towels let alone any washing. The air conditioning functioned adequately, just, although in one room it was obviously very old. We had 2 balconies with the original metal sliding doors that were difficult to open and close; the view was of a small courtyard full of palm trees with the noisy air conditioning units of the spa on one side. The towels, bed, pillows and linen were of poor quality. Storage space was good but in order to see into the safe I had to stand on a chair. Overall, the rooms were shabby and dated. The Coco Reef may be best resort hotel on the island but it is a long way from the best in the Caribbean. Nonetheless, it was pleasant and good value for money for this region.
Guest Report
I Martin from U.K. visited in August 2012 and awarded
We went witho our two boys aged 10 and 6 and had a great time.
The accomodation was great, not pristine but more caribbean shabby chic! Loved the food, bbq fish at lunch was excellent, ditto souffles after dinner.
95% of the staff were spot on. If you treat them right then you get great service back. If you treat them like dirt (as some do)then ...
We did the Zoe jet boat trip which was fun, and also some fishing ask for Kester. The whole family caught Tarpon and my 10year old was thrilled with a bonefish he caught.
Sometimes it could be hard to get a drink from the bar in the evening. When dinner was being served the bar staff were looking after dinner orders and you could feel you were intruding. The hotel was largely deserted by 10pm which didn't bother us.
My only real negative was the watersports. They had a few kayaks which all the children loved. In August the hotel becomes a centre for the annual Trinidad to Tobago boat race. Large numbers of ocean going boats moor just oof the hotel wall and basically have a party for 3 or 4 days. This in istelf was not a problem ( our children made friends with some from Trinidad) but several of the boats used the KAyaks as tenders and left them tied up for hours on there boats. This did not seem to bother the watersports staff that there was none for guests. But should a child not be in a boat for 5 minutes the surly staff would be over in a flash and take it back. Also watersports were only available until 4pm which seemed a tad early.
Other than that we had a great time and hope to go back. The general manager Eric was great and happy to sort any issues.
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Catalyst revs-up your business growth, cash flow and profit. Achieve in months what typically takes years. It works by compressing business cycles, and then accelerating them. The methods are unique and are working today.
If you're serious and determined about fast, profitable growth, this may be just what you're looking for. It comes with accountability, a community of success focused entrepreneurs like you, and it delivers results like no other. Follow the program, get the results.


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Last night we decided to watch a movie we haven't seen in ages: Critters. It's an 80s horror about vicious little monsters from outer space. I remember liking it way back when, so we wanted to watch it again just for fun. It seemed so cheesy by today's standards, but it was still fun.
Sometimes it's worth it to dig out old movies from the 80s and 90s and rewatch them. They're usually a hoot. Sometimes you gain a new appreciation for them (like how much better the original The Thing was than the new The Thing) and sometimes you just get a good giggle. I had to laugh about how I had a crush on Terrence Mann back in the day, and my god how young Billy Zane looked!
It baffles me that there are people who refuse to watch older movies. They don't know what they're missing! There were a lot of good movies pre-2000, some are the kind of thing that if you've never seen them, you're actually missing out on parts of modern society because they're referenced so often. There was also a lot of cheese released back then, but at least it was fun to watch. Especially in the horror genre, the 80s produced some stuff that you just can't help but laugh at.
People seem to forget that modern doesn't always mean better, and not every movie is meant to be a cinematic work of art. Some movies are actually intended to be goofy and over-the-top. One other thing that the older movies are good for is seeing practical effects and makeups before they had the technology for heavy CG. I have huge respect for the artists who did the makeups and creatures for a lot of the older movies. That takes real talent, and it's something that doesn't get as much screen time as it used to.
If you want to have a good time some night, make some popcorn or get a bowl of chips, and dust off some of those 80s and 90s movies. There are some really great films, and some real lemons too, but you can have fun either way. One of my favorite things about watching older movies is seeing how young everyone was, and playing connect the dots to where I've seen them lately. And the music! Let's not forget the music back then! [laughs]
This all makes me think, one of these days I need to see if I can get my hands on some of the old black-and-white original horror movies, like Dracula and The Wolf Man. I've never actually gotten to see any of them all the way through. Sometimes seeing older movies gives you a much greater appreciation fro how far things have come in cinema.


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Statement Gems are making a comeback! After watching Paris Fashion Week, we love the trend we're seeing big statement jewelry all over the runway. Here are some of our favorite looks that we would love to buy but not all of us have a large disposable income. Get the designer looks with some of our favorite Charles Albert pieces!
Pair any of these gems with your favorite outfits to instantly perk up your go to outfits! Hope you love the looks as much as we do!!


text: Jenny truly is a traveler, roaming the country and picking up new and vintage fabrics along the way. Found, foraged and collected through a careful selection process, each fabric not only translates well into dapper accents but is comfortable to wear as well—all of Jenny's accessories are sewn from soft-to-the-touch fabrics. Her Midwestern roots and appreciation for traditional menswear are both evident in her outfit-enhancing men's accessories. Cut in classic shapes from rugged, retro or textured fabrics, each piece is designed to become your new favorite tie or pocket filler.


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Air Boarding Pass Promotion
Passengers who hold designated boarding passes can enjoy 15% discount OFF when purchase ferry tickets between Hong Kong and Macau.
Air Macau (NX)
China Airlines (CI)
Mandarin Airlines (AE)
Asiana Airlines (OZ)
Jet Airways (9W)
Tigerair (TR)
Peach Aviation (MM)
Promotion Period: From 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015
(Black-out period: 3 April 2015 to 7 April 2015, 1 July 2015 to 31 August 2015, 25 December 2015 to 27 December 2015.)
Terms and Conditions:
- Passengers who hold Air Macau (NX), China Airlines (CI) ,Mandarin Airlines (AE), Asiana Airlines (OZ), Jet Airways (9W), Tigerair (TR) or Peach Aviation (MM) boarding passes can enjoy 15% discount OFF when purchase City route or Airport route ferry tickets.
- Cotai Water Jet city routes refers to: Hong Kong Macau Ferry Terminal/ Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal to and from Macau Taipa Ferry Terminal/ Macau Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal.
- Cotai Water jet airport route refers to:
Hong Kong International Airport (SkyPier) to and from Macau Taipa Ferry Terminal/ Macau Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal.
- All tickets must be purchased within 7 days of arrival in Hong Kong or Macau.
- Each air boarding pass is only allowed to be used once and can be purchased either as one way or roundtrip tickets; Not applicable for Airport route roundtrip tickets.
- This promotion cannot be used in conjunction with other offers and discounts.
- Discount offer only valid for tickets purchased at ticket counters listed below.
- This promotion is subject to seat availability.
- No change, cancellation or refund is valid once ticket is issued.
- Cotai Water Jet will not be responsible for any lost or stolen ticket and no reissuance of ferry ticket will be entertained.
- This promotion is subject to Terms & Conditions of Carriage of Passengers and Luggage.
- Cotai Water Jet reserves the final rights to this promotion.
Cotai Water Jet ticketing counters:
- Hong Kong Macau Ferry Terminal
(Shop 305N & 305D, Shun Tak Centre, 200 Connaught Road, Sheung Wan, HK)
- China Ferry Terminal (Hong Kong Kowloon)
(Shop 1-5A, 1/F China Ferry Terminal, 33 Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon)
- Macau Taipa Ferry Terminal (Departure Hall)
- Macau Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal (Counter 30-31, Level 2)
- VMRH: Cotai Travel (Shop 1028)
- Sands Cotai Central: Cotai Travel (Shop 1030)
- Hong Kong International Airport
(Transfer Area E2, Level 5, Hong Kong International Airport Passenger Terminal Building One


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African Pilaff
- Serves: 4
- Cook Time:
- Prep Time: 25 minutes plus overnight marinating
- Effort: medium
For the chicken and potatoes
- 6 skinless chicken thighs
- 1/2 lemon, juice only
- 4 cloves garlic, finely chopped
- 2.5 cm piece ginger, peeled and grated
- 2 waxy potatoes, quartered
- 850 ml chicken stock
For the rice
- 200 g basmati rice
- 3 tbsp vegetable oil
- 2 onions, finely chopped
- 2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
- 1 tbsp cumin seeds
- tsp ground cardamom pods, (or seeds from 6 whole pods, crushed)
- 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon
- 1 tsp ground cumin
- 1 tsp sea salt
- 55 g raisins
For the chilli salad
- 1 large onion, thinly sliced
- 1 tbsp granulated sugar
- 2 birdseye chillies, seeds removed, flesh finely chopped
- 7.5 cm piece cucumber, cut into 1cm pieces
- 2 vine-ripened tomatoes, cut into 1cm pieces
- small bunch coriander, chopped
To serve
- 2 tbsp toasted flaked almonds
- live plain yogurt
1. For the chicken and potatoes: season the chicken by rubbing it all over with the lemon juice, garlic and ginger. Sprinkle with a pinch or two of salt and pepper and put in a shallow, non-metallic dish. Cover and leave in the fridge for at least 2 hours, or preferably overnight.
2. Put the marinated chicken in a large saucepan with the potatoes, and add enough stock to cover the chicken and potatoes completely. Bring to the boil, then reduce the heat, cover and simmer for about 30 minutes, or until cooked and tender.
3. Remove the chicken and potatoes to a plate using a slotted spoon, cover and keep warm in a low oven. Reserve about 425ml of the cooking stock for cooking the rice.
4. For the rice: wash the grains in cold water, cover with fresh water and leave to soak for 10 minutes. Drain well and set aside.
5. Heat the vegetable oil in a saucepan over a medium-high heat and fry the onions for about 10 minutes or until golden brown, stirring occasionally. Add the garlic, spices and salt and fry for a further 5 minutes or until the smell of the spices comes through. Add the washed and drained rice and fry over a medium heat for 3 minutes or until the rice is coated with the oil and spices.
6. Add the reserved stock and bring to the boil, then reduce the heat to the lowest possible level, cover the pan with foil and a tight-fitting lid (so no steam escapes) and simmer for 20 minutes or until the rice is cooked. Stir in the raisins 5 minutes before the end of the cooking time.
7. For the chilli salad: put the onion in a heatproof bowl, sprinkle with the sugar, then cover with boiling water, stirring to dissolve the sugar. Set aside for 10 minutes. Drain the onions and put them in a serving bowl. Add the chillies, cucumber, tomatoes and coriander (reserving 1 tablespoon for the garnish) and toss to mix. Set aside.
8. Remove the chicken from the bones and discard the bones. When the rice is cooked, gently stir in the chicken and potatoes, mixing well. Spoon the chicken and rice mixture onto a warm oval serving platter and sprinkle with the remaining coriander. Garnish with the toasted flaked almonds and serve with plain yogurt on the side.
Rate This Recipe


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The Supriya Jindal Foundation, with the help of gold partner Verizon Foundation, has announced the award of 15 LearnPad 2 tablets to the kindergarten classrooms at Eastside Elementary School through the "School Surprise" program.
The program provides kindergarten classrooms with center-related tools to aid in education, a news release from the foundation said.
After speaking with teachers and principals to better understand the needs of classrooms in Louisiana, the Supriya Jindal Foundation decided to invest in hands-on tools and tablet technology for classrooms.
The LearnPad 2 tablets come equipped with sturdy protective cases as well as unlimited access to the management portal, to K-3 STEM applications and activities, to on-going training and to preloaded kindergarten through third grade math and science lessons, the release said.
"Establishing a strong foundation for our students to build upon is so very important — we all want to ensure our students master the basics of reading, writing and math," Supriya Jindal said. "Thus, the foundation has decided to award kindergarten classrooms with hands-on enrichment tools and tablet technology to further aid in our students' mastery of core subjects. The foundation is proud to partner with the Verizon Foundation, who helped to make this award possible for Eastside Elementary School in Denham Springs. With hard work, we believe we have the opportunity to make a lasting and positive difference in education."
"The Verizon Foundation is proud to partner with The Supriya Jindal Foundation to enhance Louisiana's classrooms with enrichment tools and tablet technology," said Tyrone Rice, Verizon Wireless director of business sales for the Houston/Gulf Coast region. "These classroom tools will support teachers as they develop lessons, engage students with hands-on learning experiences and set Eastside Elementary students up for a successful future."
The School Surprise program was created after teachers gave input on how to enhance the classroom environment, the release said. Kindergarten classrooms' centers may need books for a reading center, 10-frame charts and counters for a math center or magnets and weather charts for a science center. The program seeks to provide such hands-on interactive tools that teachers identify as integral to their kindergarten classrooms and their students' success, the release said.
The Supriya Jindal Foundation, a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, seeks help Louisiana's children in all aspects of education, with special emphasis on mathematics and the sciences, while also giving teachers new tools that will foster an innovative and enriching learning environment, the release said.
The Verizon Foundation is focused on accelerating social change by using the company's innovative technology to help solve pressing problems in education, health care and energy management, the release said. For information, visit www.verizon.com.


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Sarah and Jason's Elegant Garden Wedding at Galleria Marchetti
It was a huge relief for Sarah Tomick and Jason Satz when they found a Chicago venue that perfectly matched their beautiful wedding vision. Galleria Marchetti's elaborate garden and four-season outdoor tented pavilion were the perfect palette for all their elegant garden wedding design ideas.
Our team loved adding Sarah and Jason's personal touches and details to our unique event spaces. But our favorite part was seeing how it all came together to foster plenty of joy and unforgettable moments on Saturday, September 17th.
A Fresh Fall Wedding in Chicago
Welcome to a Garden Paradise
Sarah and Jason's 262 guests were immediately whisked away by the garden atmosphere and impeccable service when they arrived at Galleria Marchetti. While their wedding party stepped out of a Windy City Limo party bus, other guests enjoyed fantastic valet service, and both were greeted by a beautiful welcome sign adorned with the brilliant greenery that flowed throughout their wedding décor.
Take a Seat for a Beautiful Outdoor Ceremony
At 5:30pm, guests gathered in Il Cortile (The Courtyard) for a gorgeous theater-style ceremony. White garden chairs and a naturally beautiful unity table set the scene for an idyllic fall wedding ceremony. Add in the string quartet played by Wellington Strings and Galleria Marchetti's courtyard was the serene and enchanting ceremony space that Sarah and Jason always imagined.
Let the Party Begin in the Courtyard
At the conclusion of Sarah and Jason's touching ceremony, guests enjoyed a fantastic array of drinks and passed hors d'oeuvres in the very same lush courtyard where Sarah and Jason tied the knot. The ability to use this space for the ceremony and cocktail hour shows the wonderful versatility of Galleria Marchetti's five event spaces.
With an iPod-equipped sound system and flawless service in place, guests were able to start celebrating right away. At the open bar, they found fine wines like chardonnay and pinot noir. And while guests expect to find such wines at Galleria Marchetti, we also had a surprise in store—Sarah and Jason's unique signature cocktail.
Both butler-passed and available from the bar, Sarah and Jason's "Dark and Stormy" signature cocktail was a hit with guests. Ginger beer and dark rum served on the rocks in a highball glass and garnished with a lime wedge is hard to resist! And it was also the perfect pair to these delicious passed hors d'oeuvres:
- Caprese salad-topped beef sliders
- Pesto and artichoke bruschette
- Prosciutto and melon
- Parmesan crusted meatballs
Enjoy a Delectable Plated Dinner
At 7pm, guests stepped into Il Padiglione (The Pavilion)—our tented structure that provides a fresh outdoor feel with additional comfort. To continue the garden theme, tables and chairs were decorated with crisp greenery and a creative place card board was set up by Life in Bloom.
With beautiful ivory linens, gorgeous candles and impressive crystal chandeliers, this reception space exuded elegance. Add in the pre-set sparkling wine toast and the old-world European charm that fills Galleria Marchetti and it's no wonder guests easily settled in for a wonderful plated dinner.
With one of our custom designed menus and unlimited table wine service of cabernet and sauvignon blanc, it is no surprise that guests really enjoyed our dinner service. With more than 75 years in the food industry, our team's passion for authentic Italian food shined bright. From the caprese salad to the herb crusted sliced filet of beef paired with Branzino and served with fingerling potatoes and asparagus, guests were quite content.
And while nearly all guests were delighted by Sarah and Jason's choice of entrées, we made sure those with unique needs were equally satisfied. One of the vegetarian guests enjoyed our scrumptious eggplant parmesan while children went for our tasty pasta with red sauce.
Continue to Celebrate with Tasty Treats and Great Entertainment
When dinner service wrapped up, spectacular desserts rolled in. An exquisite wedding cake from Bittersweet was stationed on a small round table and cut for guests to enjoy in two flavors. Add in the chef's sweets table as well as coffee and tea service and every guest found the treat they desired.
With our staff servicing guests at the open bar and Ashley La Fleur setting out late-night bites, guests had no shortage of energy throughout the reception. Whether dancing to the Chicago Catz band or grabbing a picture by the ivy wall, there were plenty of smiles and special moments for Christy Tyler Photography and Kevin Schmalandt to capture.
Our attentive team with decades of experience would love to bring joy to you and your guests at Galleria Marchetti. To start planning the custom menu and finer details that complete your wedding dream, contact us online or give us a call at (312) 563-0495.


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Residency: The Studios of Key West, Florida
Deadline: May 16
We are currently accepting applications through May 16, 2016 for residencies falling between Oct 2016 and Aug 2017.
The Studios offers a residency program for emerging and established artists and writers designed to encourage creative, intellectual and personal growth. The program grants nearly 35 artists each year the time and space to imagine new artistic work, engage in valuable dialogue and explore island connections. Accepted artists are granted access to a bicycle for the duration of their stay and are matched with a community member who serves as a host to assist with the success of their residency.
TSKW's residency program is community-based and built upon the hope that visiting artists will take inspiration from Key West's rich artistic past and present, and will engage with — and be inspired by — the remarkable people and culture that surrounds them.
Residencies run from the beginning to the end of each calendar month.


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Published in the Times Letters Section, March 2016
Despite his somewhat combative tone, I agree with the central argument presented by Sir Michael Wilshaw, the head of Ofsted: that independent schools have a moral obligation to support their counterparts in the maintained sector.
Most independent schools I know of are enthusiastically engaging with state schools. It is right that they should forge such partnerships and, where resource allows, contribute to the sponsorship of an academy.
These partnerships provide invaluable two-way support and an opportunity to share excellent practice across the sectors.
Independent schools have a vital role to play in modern society, and a large part of that role is to engage with the community and to help others. I would hope that most independent schools don't need Sir Michael, or anyone else, to tell them that.
Samantha Price
Headmistress, Benenden School
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