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T4 DNA Ligase
- Catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between juxtaposed 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini in duplex DNA or RNA.
- This enzyme will join blunt end and cohesive end termini as well as repair single stranded nicks in duplex DNA and some DNA/RNA hybrids (1).
- T4 DNA ligase will seal nicks for these DNA substrates.
- The industry standard for performance and quality
- Not sure which ligase to choose? Refer to our DNA and RNA Ligase Properties Chart
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DSSSB TGT exam 2016, DSSSB TGT Answer key 2016, DSSSB TGT score card 2016, DSSSB TGT cut off marks 2016, DSSSB TGT merit list 2016
DSSSB TGT Final Answer Key: DSSSB TGT TIER-1 Exam 2016 was held on lastb week of December 2016 (Sunday) at various exam centres in Delhi for various posts of TGT & Domestic Science Teacher. The exam was conducted successfully and there were a large number of candidates who appeared for the exam. All those candidates now after imparting the exam are searching for DSSSB TGT Final Answer Key. Answer key will be released soon on the official site of DSSSB i.e. www.delhi.gov.in
DSSSB TGT Final Answer Key at www.delhi.gov.in
The question paper consisted of objective type question paper. There were a total of 200 questions which carried 1 mark each (200 marks in total). Section A was compulsory and same for all candidates which carried 100 questions. Section B was related to the subject which the candidate opted for. Negative marking to every wrong answer was implemented. As every exam the level of DSSSB was also quite high, for which candidates are awaiting their result. Until the result is announced, the authorities releases DSSSB TGT Answer Key.
DSSSB TGT Answer Key is being searched by a large number of candidates, as it will help them estimating their marks for the exam. As answer key consists of all the correct answers for the questions that are given to the candidates, through this candidates can make a rough calculation of their marks by comparing the answers given in the answer key to that of written by them. Though the marks calculated by the candidates are not the actual marks that they may score in the examination, the marks may differ.
Candidates who are anxious to get the answer key those candidates can also get check the provisional answer keys that are released by various coaching institutions in order to bring the curiosity of the candidates down to a level. Though the answer key thus released by these institutions does not provide any kind of ensurity for the answers provided under them. Candidates can refer to these until the official answer key is not released.
About DSSSB
On the 50th Anniversary year of the Indian Independence, the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has instituted the Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board. The Board has been incorporated with the purpose of recruiting capable, competent, highly skilled individuals by conducting written tests, professional tests and personal interviews wherever as desired. The Board shall hereby committed to develop selection and recruitment procedures that confirm to the global standards in testing, and promise selections by all fair means, of the most competent, capable, and skilled individuals for user departments.

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Published on July 4, 2013
Author: Avontie
Source: slideshare.net
2 Content 1. Summary......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 What is meant by 'symbol' or 'sign'?....................................................................... 5 2.2 Research methods ..................................................................................................... 7 3. How does the human mind understand signs and symbols?........................................... 8 3.1 History....................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Different theories:..................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Adrian Frutiger................................................................................................ 10 3.2.2 Charles Sanders Peirce.................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Ferdinand de Saussure .................................................................................... 16 3.3 Why is it important today?...................................................................................... 19 4. Symbols and signs in graphic design............................................................................ 20 4.1 When did it begin to occur?.................................................................................... 20 4.2 The concept of branding ......................................................................................... 21 4.3 Case Studies............................................................................................................ 23 4.3.1 Vodafone .......................................................................................................... 23 4.3.2 Shell.................................................................................................................. 24 4.3.3 Bold.................................................................................................................. 26 5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 27 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 28
3 1. Summary Chapter two sets the context for the work by discussing the importance of the understanding of the difference between sign and symbol. To be able to understand the rest of this essay properly, all the aims and research methods are also explained. The various ways that symbols and signs are defined is examined in chapter three. This shows the importance that has been attributed to the psychological, semiotical and typographical approach. Chapter four concludes a brief introduction about branding and the use of signs and symbols. More-over it discusses three case studies: Vodafone, Bold and Shell. Most of them based on company material and articles found on the internet. The case studies show that there is a lot of similarity in the world of branding and they also demonstrate the theories explored in chapter three. The conclusion based upon the examined information is written in chapter five, containing a more personal view on the subject. While this is only a five thousand word essay I was unable to explore other sign theories. They are also named in the conclusion.
4 2. Introduction Every day when we walk outside and look around all we see are signs, they do not only appear in advertising and design. Signs seem to be in every form of communication we use, for example: if you want to cross a street, the first thing you do is look at the traffic light to see if it is safe to cross over. It is a usual thing, but someone did invent that light, chose its colour and its shape, to make sure that everyone could understand this message. Most of the time, when people talk about signs they mean signs as in an actual shape. Only, a word is also a sign, the word refers to a certain image in our brains. Everyone will know what you mean if you talk about a chair, but no one can actually tell what the chair looks like, specifically in your head.
5 2.1 What is meant by 'symbol' or 'sign'? Starting off with this research about symbols it soon became clear that we are using the word 'symbol' in the wrong way. When we develop new signs we also call them symbols, but there is a difference between a symbol and a sign. Every symbol is a sign, but most of the time we use the word symbol instead of the word sign. Figure 2.1 Shows a nice comparative guide, when it comes to defining symbols and signs. In paragraph 4.3 we will show you that brands sometimes use those different appearances of the same thing. . This essay will contribute to a better understanding of the symbols and signs we use nowadays. It will tell you more about the similarities and contradictions between different signs. After reading this essay one will understand more about the world of signs and symbols and will be able to use this knowledge in future designs, without making common mistakes of using a misunderstood sign.
6 Figure 2.1 Comparative guide about symbols and signs
7 2.2 Research methods Most of the information used for this essay, is from books. Not only books about signs and symbols are used, also books about: psychology, branding, logos and semiotics were also used to write this essay. To find some more resent documentation about the subject, the internet has proven itself to be a useful source. At last to evaluate all the knowledge gained from those sources, a case study was made.
8 3. How does the human mind understand signs and symbols? 3.1 History Many scientists have tried to find out how our brain interprets signs. Ever since man inhabited the earth, he left a record of symbols behind, ages before he learned how to write. No one knows exactly how it all started, but you could compare it with the curiosity of a child. Whenever a child discovers something new he will try to imitate it. For example: a child sees a tree for the first time and afterwards he will pile up sticks and stones to see if he can reproduce that tree. At that moment the child is already communicating with the outside world. He is trying to transfer knowledge to his relatives, to see whether he is learning them something new or to find confirmation about the object he just saw. That is probably what happened when man first walked the earth. Discovering this new world in which all other creatures and nature itself are new enemies. Man developed an ability to leave record of himself and to fight for survival by using signs at first to communicate. But what happens if we see a sign and how do we categorize those signs? Questions like these, have kept scientists busy for years. Besides scientists, also psychologists, designers, artists, musicians and other professionals are fascinated by the meaning and use of signs.
9 3.2 Different theories: The essay thus examines the importance of signs and symbols. However, while finding so many different theories about this subject, a choice had to be made. The following three paragraphs provide a brief introduction into the understanding of signs and symbols. Each paragraph explores a theory from a different field of study, namely, Psychology, typography and semiotics.
10 3.2.1 Adrian Frutiger Adrian Frutiger was a well-known (font) designer in the twentieth century. He was born in 1928 at Unterseen, Switzerland. For four years he attended courses at Zurich School of Arts and Crafts, where he was being taught by Alfred Willimann and Walter Käch (two renowned professors. In 1952 he went to Paris where he started of working as a typeface designer and artistic manager at Deberny and Peignot. During the next couple of years he designed the fonts: Meridien (1955), Egyptienne (1956), Univers (1957), Serifa (1967)OCR-B (1968), Iridium (1975), Frutiger (1975), Glypha (1979), Icone (1980), Breughel (1982), Versailles (1982), Avenir (1988), Vectora (1990), Linotype Didot (1991). In his life Frutiger has seen a lot of movements in the business. He started his work while using metal, the same as Gutenberg, who invented processed type. Frutiger used a totally different way to define signs. In his book, 'signs and symbols, their designs and meaning' (1978), he describes three themes on which he bases sign recognition. The first one is disorder-order. Every sign contributes to our will to categorize the world into a less chaotic one. This is our way to keep grip on reality. Through the ages we have been improving on categorizing and classifying our environment. To prove that the human brain is more likely to produce a pattern than chaos, Frutiger shows us four Figure 3.1 Adrian Frutiger (2004)
11 figures, while considering the following steps: We take an empty square (Figure 3.2), symbolizing the concept of emptiness. Than we try to draw sixteen dots, at random positions within the square. When we look at this square, our eyes will try to create a pattern out of these dots. On the other hand, it is very easy to arrange those dots within a pattern. Create a cross, for example, or divide the sixteen dots into groups of four. Looking at this study, it becomes clear that the production of an ordered form is easier than creating a disorder or nonform. Figure 3.2. Disorder - order The second theme is remembering a figure. When one looks at something as simple as a Dice (Figure 3.3), it is easy to explain that one looks at it because of memory. Figure 3.3 The normal dice There is not a single person who will count the dots on the dice to find out the amount of dots. Because a dice always looks the same, we know which side is what number. However, if we change the layout of the dice (Figure 1.5), one will first be a bit puzzled about this change. The reaction will lead to counting the dots. After counting about three sides of the new dice, our mind catches up again and one knows, without guessing, that the next three sides will probably be four, five and six.
12 This is based upon our memory, for we know that a dice has six sides, and every side refers to a number between one and six. Figure 3.4 The adjusted layout of the dice According to this knowledge, one is able to know what number the last three sides will show. To Frutiger, his most fascinating theme is light and shadow - or black and white. "We recognize light only when comparing it to shadow. When we draw or write, we don't add black, we remove light" His way of looking is different from what is commonly accepted. Frutiger claims that all signs are based on this duality of light and shadow. Both need to be present to create a recognizable sign.
13 3.2.2 Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce had a hard life. He never received any of the credit he deserved. Because he wrote down his thoughts, inconveniently and chaotically arranged, they are still trying to get them all organized at Harvard University, Illinois. After he finished studying chemistry at Harvard University, Illinois he worked at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. This job made it possible for him to spend his spare time to find out about semiology. After twenty years he received his inheritance and chose a solitary life, living in a small town near Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. He spent the rest of his life there, living with his second wife working on his brilliant ideas. While he was living his life as a hermit trying to escape from his creditors he finally found out that all our primary thinking is in signs. 'We think only in signs.'(Peirce 1931-1958) because in everything we see we look for an interpretation, it is our way to organize the world. The base of Peirce's work is a triadic model (Figure 3.6) and within the next few pages you will notice that Peirce was clearly fascinated by tripartite structures, because he uses it several times. What those categories contain becomes clearer according to the life cycle of signs. In theory everything can be a sign or can be read as a sign. That anything can be a sign is the Firstness. If a single individual lifts something up from reality and makes it a valid Firstness: The potential, the possible Secondness: The actual, the realistic Thirdness: The necessary, the systematic, the regular Figure 3.5 Charles Sanders Peirce (1958) Figure 3.6 The triadic model
14 sign for himself that is the Secondness. The Thirdness is the sign group which is regularly accepted by a larger group. When Peirce mentions a First he is talking about 'Feeling' or 'Quality' a First is a 'Perhaps'. Something independent and not connected to anything else. A Second on the other hand is dyadic or two-parted, which means a Second is identified by its relationship with something else. Secondness according to Peirce is like a 'confrontation with the hard facts'. It is everything that exists or takes place in the outside world. When a Second starts a relation with another Second a Third could come into being. When this happens simultaneously the entire situation becomes triadic. A third could be a law, a convention or a conduct. The Third is at that moment our territorial gain on the struggle against chaos. This diagram is the base of Peirce's semiotic research. Peirce also divided the kinds of signs in those three categories, based on the question 'when is a sign a sign?' When a sign functions on a certain quality, idea or feeling we talk about a qualisign. Such a sign is a First. We begin with a feeling about a certain quality suitable to fulfill a semiotic meaning, for example black means death and red means danger. Sinsigns are signs that are individual and not for institutes. Like the ticking sound of high heels or someone's characteristic stopgap. In the social domain we have to deal with signs that are signs based on regular rules or agreements like traffic signs, nodding and handshaking. Peirce named them legisigns, every language sign is a legisign because they are all based on agreements. Peirce also found a way to distinguish signs in how they refer to things. If a sign looks like the thing it refers to you call it an icon, for example a map of England or a picture of the president. The sign and the object both share the same image. But if you see smoke in
15 the air, which means there is a fire and if someone screams because he hurt his thumb, the scream refers to the pain. This type of signs is called "indices". The Third in this diagram is the symbol, when the relationship between sign and object is based on an engagement Peirce defines it as a symbol. Language is the most common symbol, if we talk about the sun everybody knows what we mean, because we all agreed that the sun is the round thing that comes up every morning and provides us light during the day. The most famous triadic model Peirce thought of is the semiotic triangle. He created this triangle to make it easier to understand how a sign works. Within his semiotic triangle there is a sign vehicle, an interpretant and an object. The sign vehicle is the carrier of the sign. The interpretant of the sign is our knowledge about the object. The object could be an international agreement about the meaning of this traffic light. Though it seems obvious that you can use this method with every sign it is more likely that you combine more than one triangle. Most of the time signs become interpretants and those interpretants function as signs and this continues. So you are actually moving around in a field of semiotic triangles. If you are moving through this field rationally, you follow a straight line, but if you move through the semiotic field irrationally you are rambling from one subject to another. Creativity is on of the things that start off by leaping through that semiotic field in an irrational way. It is the gift to notice strange connections that other people do not see. Figure 3.7 The semiotic triangle
16 3.2.2 Ferdinand de Saussure Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist, born at the 26th of November 1857. He wrote his first professional essay at the age of fourteen. In 1876 he started his graduation at the University of Leipzig. After that he taught himself the Indo-European Classical language: Sanskrit and attended a year of courses at the University of Geneva. Saussure developed a dyadic (two-parted) model of the sign. According to this model a sign was composed of: a 'signifier' and the 'signified'. In which the signifier means the form which the sign takes and the signified being the concept it represents (Saussure 1974-1983). When one combines those two, we can speak of a sign. The relationship between those two is known as 'signification' (Fig. 3.9). For example: if we take the word 'tea' (when written on a menu) it is a sign made out of: a signifier, the word tea and a signified concept: the drink made out of tea-leaves and hot water. The key role of this model is that there is not a single sign without a signifier or a signified. A sign most have both to become a sign. There is no such thing as a meaningless signifier or an amorphous signified. However, a certain signified can mean something totally different if it is combined with another signifier. At the same time, one can conclude that this also works the other way around. If we look back at the example of the tea (the signifier), only then putting it on a bag of tea leaves, the signified has come up Figure 3.8 Ferdinand de Saussure (1884) Figure 3.9 The dyadic model
17 with a different meaning. It is no longer referring to tea, as in the hot drink made out of the leaves. It now refers to the tealeaves inside the bag. Within the last thirty years Saussure's model has been generally adopted, the actual meaning he wanted to educate has changed. The new model tends to be more of a materialistic one than Saussure's original model. The signifier is now generally known as the material, or physical, shape of the sign. Anything that can be noticed by our senses is the signifier. Though Saussure looked at the signifier and the signified as to be only psychological, they both were from rather than substance. He stresses the need for the meaning of his signified, as in not to be identified directly as a thing. He preferred to refer to that as a concept in the mind. While being a linguist, it seems rather obvious that Saussure focused more on the linguistic sign. Though not all linguistic signs are spoken words, he did prefer them to the written word. He looked at writing as a separate, secondary, dependent but comparable sign system. Nonetheless writing did relate to speech in the same way signifier related to signified. Another central argument of Saussure's work is that every sign needs a history and connotations of its own. Those are well known to the members of the sign user's culture. Signifiers seem to be freely chosen, but from the viewpoint of a linguistic member it is more likely to be imposed than freely chosen. When using a language one has no choice but to accept the inheritance from the past. (Saussure 1974- 1983)
18 A linguistic sign is arbitrary, it knows no other law than tradition. This arbitrariness does not mean that an individual can choose any signifier for a certain signified. The bond between signifier and signified is not an individual choice. If that was the case, communication itself would be impossible. One needs to have an agreement whether the signified and the signifier are to become a sign.
19 3.3 Why is it important today? Since our world is changing fast, we often forget to look back to our origins. The digital revolution makes it so much easier to communicate with the public. On the other hand, a medium like the internet provides us with a big blur. However, if we go back to the main message we want to communicate, we will be able to keep a better grip on this massive medium. What is the sign and what is its signifier or signified? Which sign vehicle is appropriate for the sign? Asking questions like these it is possible to keep a better grip on our current world.
20 4. Symbols and signs in graphic design. 4.1 When did it begin to occur? On can not exactly tell when branding first came into being. However, Nomadic tribes identified their ownership by branding their cattle and marking their tools with small engravings (Figure 4.1.). Those signs are called signature-signs, which you can compare, for example, with the sign an artist leaves behind on his artwork. In a cave in Mas d'Azil, in France, some painted pebbles (Figure 4.2) were found, they were dated around 12,000 B.C.. People often assumed that they were the forerunners of our script signs. But it is more likely that they were objects denoting a person or tribe. All those examples share the same key concept, the will to distinguish one person's goods from those of another. This is also the key concept of branding. Figure 4.1 Ownership marks Figure 4.2 The pebbles found at Mas d'Azil
21 4.2 The concept of branding Branding has changed a lot over the centuries, but distinguishing of goods is still the key concept. Things, such as trademarks, patents and copyright are quit new arrangements. However, nowadays they are commonly accepted. Because of all those new things branding has become a complicated thing. When people are asked what they think relates to the word brand, they come up with answers like: a logo, a product, corporate identity and so on. Only this has nothing to do with the main message within branding. Marty Neumeier says in his book: 'The Brand Gap' (2003), that the brand is a person's gut feeling about a product, service or company. It is a person's gut feeling, because in the end the brand is defined by individuals. It is that person who decides how he wants to communicate this message to the public. There used to be a basic communication model (Figure 4.3), but in the past few years this model has changed. Companies want feedback to be able to optimize their services or products. This is why a new model was designed (Figure 4.4). Figure 4.4 The new communication model By using this new model, in which the sender receives a message from the receiver, the communication becomes stronger and more focused. Figure 4.3 Communication model
22 However, to communicate this message one needs a visual identity. This visual identity communicates everything the brand stands for. So it is unlikely to make any mistakes. A logo is probably the first thing that comes up into one person's mind, when one talks about visual identity. Only the term logo is translated from the Greek word 'logos' which means word. What people actually mean is a trademark. A trademark can be a symbol, monogram, emblem or any other graphic device. When one looks at different trademarks, one can divide them into six groups: name-only logos, name/symbol logos, initial letter logos, pictorial name logos, associative logos, allusive logos and abstract logos.
23 4.3 Case Studies Within the next three examples we will use the previously discussed theories to explore some interesting brands. 4.3.1 Vodafone Vodafone's first call was made in 1985. But when mobile phones were getting a big issue, it was then when Vodafone made his big entry into the world of powerbrands. The use of the logo known as, the suggestive quotation mark within a circle appeared at first in 1998. The quotation mark suggested a conversation. Because this message was not understood in every country they, now made a new logo without the quotation marks in the 'O'. This logo has only been released lately. The new logo (Figure 4.5) has got a three dimensional look and by using this, Vodafone is one of the first brands adapting the logo to be able to use it within more than only two dimensional ways. What was done while searching for the logo from Vodafone, four other brands where found, that show a high similarity with Vodafone (Figure 4.6) Figure 4.6 Similar logos Figure 4.5 The new Vodafone logo
24 4.3.2 Shell At first it does not seem to make any sense that an oil company uses a shell as a logo. When we look back at the history of Shell, we find out that the word 'shell' first appeared in 1891. It was the trademark for the kerosene Marcus Samual shipped to the Far East. Marcus Samual originally dealt antiques, curios and oriental seashells. At some point those seashells became the trade mark of his company (Figure 4.7) Figure 4.7 The journey of the Shell emblem
25 The first time the trademark appeared as an emblem was in 1904. A pecten seashell was used to give Shell a visual identity. During the years, the pectin or scallop shell has changed from a true to nature shell to a simplified version of it. The latest version of the logo is even used without the word shell. The color of the logo is red and yellow, those colours were chosen because of the strong connection Shell had with Spain. If we identify the Shell logo in 1900, the shell its signified concept was its origin in the antique businesss. Nowadays the shell has become a signified itself. Show people the logo and they will define the signified to be the company itself.
26 4.3.3 Bold Bold is a national brand within the United Kingdom and Ireland. The brand was launched in 1972 by Procter and Gamble. Bold is a two in one product. It is the combination of a detergent and a fabric softener. Bold two in one is available as a Powder, Liquid, Tablets and now also Liquitabs Unfortunately there was not enough information available about the designing process of the logo. Nonetheless this logo is still an interesting example if you look for the borders between symbol and logo (emblem). The first thing you probably notice about the logo is the similarity with the Yin Yang symbol (Figure 4.9). Even though the colours are different the basic figure of the form remained. The Yin Yang symbol is originally from China and its roots in the TAO, which means 'road' and also 'universe' or 'primal law'. The Yin Yang symbol contains two opposites in which you can find everything. Yin stands for the female, dark and cold part. While the Yang is male, warm and light part. According to this symbol there is a little Yin within every Yang. When you compare the meaning of this symbol with the logo of Bold you start wondering whether the product, the two in one solution, shows us the similar meaning as the Yin Yang symbol. Because there is a detergent inside the fabric softener and there is fabric softener inside the detergent. We cannot tell how much of this was meant by the designers, or that they just designed two drops and combined them together to become one. We do know that it is an intriguing design that provides us with a lot of questions like: 'is this similarity allowed?' Figure 4.9 The Yin Yang symbol Figure 4.8 The Bold logo
27 5. Conclusion While working on this essay, I developed the ability to understand signs and symbols much better. I started looking at signs in a different way. Still, there is a big mystery behind signs like the swastika and how it changed from a good meaning to a bad meaning. When looking at the case studies it appears that even big brands like Shell and Vodafone use the theories Saussure and Peirce used to find out about signs. If you look at the design Shell made for its trademark, you notice a big difference between now and then. Back in 1900 they remained true to the 'actual' look of the shell. While nowadays it had become an abstract version of the shell. Unfortunately there was not enough space in this essay to write about other theories like Carl Jung's theory. Though a couple of things became clear while writing this essay, there is still a lot to explore. Because for example, what is the use of colours in our signs and how do they contribute to our interpretations of signs. And how did informational graphics changed during the years. Is there a reason why our sign system is slightly different in each country. Also the logo that looks quite like the Vodafone logo (the snake on page 22) is from a recycling company, but no one in Britain would have thought that, because we link green arrows with recycling. I hope that one day I will be able to answer one or more of those questions.
28 Bibliography Books: Frutiger, Adrian. (1998) Signs and Symbols their design and meaning. Ebury Press Neumeier, Marty. (2003) The Brand Gap. New riders publishing Post, Karen. (2005) Brain tattoos. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Murphy, John. (1987) Branding: a key marketing tool. The MacMillan Press LTD Murphy, John and Rowe, Michael. (1988) How to design trademarks and logos. Phaidon Press Limited Van der Lubbe, Jan and van Zoest, Aart. (1997) Teken en betekenis. Aramith uitgevers Miller, Anista and Brown, Jared. (2000) Global Graphics: Symbols. Rockport Publishers, Inc. Journal: Chandler, Daniel. (August 2004) Semiotics for beginners. Internet: Texts http://www.brandchannel.com http://www.somethinkodd.com/oddthinking/2005/08/14/65/ http://www.identifont.com/show?110 http://www.wikipedia.org http://www.uk.pg.com/products/products/bold.html http://www.shell.com
29 Pictures and images http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Ferdinand_de_Saussure.jpg http://www.fontshop.de/fontblog/C420185419/E1442013706/Media/AdrianFrutiger2004. jpg http://www.heinpragt.com/symbols/symbols.php
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On this day 15 years ago, a group of Islamic terrorists hijacked 4 planes, crashing 2 into the World Trade Centre and 1 into the pentagon. 2,996 people lost their lives as a result of these attacks and more than 6,000 were injured. Since then, our politicians in the west declared a 'war on terror', they've invaded countless Muslim countries and sent our soldiers to die in wars that would supposedly keep us safe from this kind of Islamic terror. But sadly, quite the opposite has resulted from their misguided endeavours. Our leaders have armed the very people we are fighting against, they have created the groups such as ISIS and Al-Nusra that are now wreaking havoc across the world, and they have gone after the wrong people – the worst offence of all being the illegal assault on Assad's Syria, a once liberal and peaceful nation until America decided that had to change.
As a result, we've seen wave after wave of Islamic migrants flock to Europe – the promised land of welfare and idleness in their eyes – and with them they have brought their backward ideology and extremist actions. They've raped European women and girls, they've stabbed, shot and beheaded their way through many a European city, and since this escalation in 'the war on terror', these incidents have only gotten worse. It is the most obvious of equations: America starts bombing an Islamic country, we Europeans get the 'refugees'! This is not necessarily the fault solely of America – our weak European leaders, led by Frau Merkel, took it upon themselves to open the borders and flood our nations with these Muslim migrants to further their multi-ethnic mission. Europe is a more dangerous place than ever before, thanks to the war on terror.
We cannot really blame the Muslims themselves for these things because we invited them! It has always been the stated intention of many adherents of Sunni Islam to create a caliphate as large as they can possibly make it, including throughout Europe. Many of them openly declare that they want to replace our laws with Sharia law, that they want to replace our population with Islam, and that through birthrates they are succeeding. Many make no secret of this. It is our weakness and naivety that have allowed this to happen, and the Muslim immigrant pawns will just continue to do what they do until we find a backbone. It is simply history repeating itself! Since Islam came into being, its followers have been trying to conquer Europe with incursions into Spain, Italy and various other southern European nations. The fanatical Arabs made it all the way to the gates of Vienna at one point, before we drove them out again. So why is it any surprise that we are finding a similar situation once more in Europe?
Since 9/11, there have been 29,197 Islamic terrorist attacks around the world. This year alone we have seen attacks in Germany, Denmark, France, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium and England. We have to face the truth here – Islam and its adherents are going to be the death of Europe unless we act now. They are attempting to impose their alien culture onto our societies. They are committing terrorist atrocities on our soil. In centuries past, we drove the invading Islamic forces out of Europe, pushing them right back into what is now Turkey. It's a centuries old struggle between two civilisations, when one uses the term euphemistically, that is once again coming to a head.
What European nations have to do to survive this onslaught is twofold. First, Islam must be removed from our societies. That means banning the Koran, outlawing alien cultural practises such as wearing the burqa and polygamy, and also deporting the adherents to this cult back to Islamic lands. Second, we must stop following America into battle. They haven't learned from the mistakes of Iraq and Afghanistan, and will no doubt continue trying to police the world and enforce 'freedom' on opposing cultures. A better approach would be an isolationist one, where European nations develop separately without interfering in the world and without the world interfering with is. We must create a 'fortress Europe', where non-European migration is strictly prohibited.
Extremist Islam is not going to reform itself anytime soon. It has been 15 years since the world awoke to what their cult is all about and still we have seen no change, no reform, no improvement. We have to be realistic and accept the fact that we have certain types of societies in Europe, and Muslims have certain types of societies in their countries – and they are totally incompatible. America would do well to learn from their mistakes also, and stop interfering in wars that have nothing to do with their nation. Perhaps if Donald Trump wins the presidency, this will become reality, but another 4 years of neocon rule with Mrs Clinton at the helm could spell further disaster in terms of foreign wars and terrorism risks.
It is not just about 'never forgetting' the events of 9/11, it is also about never forgiving, but learning from the time that has elapsed since and taking action on our lessons. If we don't, the Islamic incursions into the Occidental nations will only grow stronger.


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Young Change Agents is a social entrepreneurship program for 10-18 year olds that helps our youth see problems as opportunities.
It provides them with the tools to think creatively, build skills in critical thinking and communication and empowers them to believe that they are good enough to be entrepreneurs, leaders and world changers.
Best of all, it's fun and exciting to learn how to create a social start-up. We use tools and techniques utilised in real start-up incubators and just like a lean start-up, there will be limited time to get stuff done! Our programs run either in 3-5 day blocks or as 10 week programs (2 hours a week).
Young Change Agents is a program that can be run in schools, as a holiday program or for a specific youth group over a weekend.
Some of the programs we have run over the past 18 months include:
- City of Sydney holiday programs
- WISE Women in STEM & Entrepreneurship - rollout of programs across NSW schools in conjunction with NSW Department of Education Futures Learning.
- Daystar Foundation - Work For The Dole program
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Telstra - youth with disability
- United Women's Muslim Association - young Muslims in Western Sydney
- Australian Red Cross - Young Parents Program
- Numerous fee-for-service schools programs including Riverside Girls High School, Casula High School and Albury Wadonga Community College
- "Paradigm Shifters" cluster schools - including Rooty Hill High School, The Pond HS, Northmead Performing Arts HS and Dulwich Hill HS.
Upcoming programs include:
- WISE Women in STEM & Entrepreneurship - rollout of programs across QLD schools in conjunction with QLD Department of Education
- City of Parramatta - Gender Equality
- Southern Highlands cluster program
- Bondi holiday programs
- Macquarie University program
- Numerous schools programs including Merrylands East Primary, Taree HS and Wee Waa HS.
As an option you can choose to theme your program (eg environment, health & wellbeing) or include a techology-focus to the programs
NOTE: YOUNG CHANGE AGENTS IS NOW TAKING BOOKINGS FOR TERM 3/4 2017 and for 2018 PLEASE CONTACT MARGARET AT firstname.lastname@example.com


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She's been named 'Hope' after a Good Samaritan saw her collapse along a busy road in Branford.
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Vehicle Technicians
We are currently working with a fantastic dealer group, who are looking for a Qualified /Experienced Vehicle Technicians to join their teams in Exeter and Torbay
The successful Vehicle Technicians be responsible for carrying out inspection and service routines, repairs on vehicles in a professional and safe manner as assigned, in with dealer and factory standards.
The Dealer group has built a reputation on providing courteous and honest service, which together with your efficiency, skill, attention to detail, combined with an Minimum Qualification of NVQ 3, City Guilds or equivalent qualification will be central to your success.
To be considered for the positions, you will need to be fully skilled, some main dealer experience.
MOT testing licence would be an advantage, but not essential.
Required Experience:
Experienced Vehicle Technician.
Perform work as outlined on the repair order with efficiency and accuracy
Communicate with Parts department to obtain parts needed, inform Workshop Controller if vehicle is awaiting parts
Adheres to all company policies, procedures and safety standards
Have a commitment to delivering outstanding levels of customer care
Must be a Team Players.


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Join us for an evening of trends, insights and more!
We're hosting out first event in Washington, D.C, and you're invited!
Get insights into one of our most popular trends: Post-Demographic Consumerism and join in the discussion about how (and if) brands are responding to it in your region. See how trend-savvy you are with our innovation quizzes. And on top of that, you can meet and connect with your fellow industry professionals in the city!
3rd Floor, 1203 19th Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20036, United States
map Open in Google maps | Apple maps | Citymapper
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We ask for your email address so that we and the attendees have a way of contacting you.


text: My Mom's church created a cookbook a couple years ago. It's probably one of the best cookbooks I own and it's filled with some of the easiest, yet tastiest comfort foods ever invented. It also contains a most beloved chicken and vegetable soup that has been passed down in our family. This soup is filled … Continue reading


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- Basic Properties of Wire Rope
- Chain Hoist Repair
- Contact Us
- Credit
- Difference Between Shackle Types
- Infochip Tracking System
- News
- On Site Socket Pours
- Our Products
- Proof Testing
- Resources
- Rotation Resistance and Low Torque Wire Rope
- Safety and Rigging Hardware
- Sling Inspection
- Specials
- Training Seminars
- Understanding Wire Rope Materials
- Using Lifting Slings
- About Us
- Cable Grips
- Chain Sling or Synthetic Sling?
- Choosing Wire Rope
- Common Chain Hoist Problems
- Common Rigging Hardware
- Considerations for Purchasing Chafe Gear
- Construct wire rope
- Corrosion Resistance
- Design of Wire Rope
- Diagnostic Guide for Wire Rope Degradation
- Difference Between Shackle Types
- Different Constructions of Wire Rope
- Effective Chafe Gear
- FAQ: Cables and Wire Rope
- Get the right Rigging Supplies
- Hoist and Lift with Crane Wire Ropes
- Hook Type Hoist: Inspection and Repair
- How to Properly use Wire Rope Clips
- Identifying Wire Ropes
- Important Words and Definitions
- Inspecting Overhead Hoists
- Inspecting Wire Rope Slings
- Keeping your Old Chain Hoists
- Lubricating Wire Ropes
- Main Causes of Sling Damage
- Maintaining Steel Wire Rope
- Making Better Choices with Wire Rope Assemblies
- Making Safety Your First Priority
- Noticing and Avoiding Block Twisting
- OSHA Fall Prevention Information
- OSHA Tips for Sling Safety
- Polyester or Nylon Slings for Lifting?
- Pre-installation Check List for Wire Ropes
- Properly Handling Steel Wire Ropes
- Protecting Wire Rope
- Protecting your Synthetic Ropes from Abrasions
- Rigging Device Plans
- Rigging Hardware: Forged or Cast?
- Safely Using Ratchet Tie-Downs
- Slings and Pre-Use Inspections
- Storing Wire Ropes
- Taking care of Wire Rope
- Three Important Aspects of Purchasing Wire Rope
- Tips for Using Rigging Equipment
- Treating your Wire Rope with Care
- Using Wire Rope Thimbles
- When Should You Remove Crane Wire Rope?
- Which is the right Binder to Secure Loads?
- Wire Rope and Corrosion Resistance
- Wire Rope Can Be Found All Over
- Wire Rope in the Ski Industry
- Wire Rope Inspections
Bilco Wire partners with Columbus McKinnon
The newly formed strategic partnership between The Bilco Group, leaders in global distribution capabilities, and Columbus McKinnon, world class manufacturers, will result in the production of the largest inventory of CM Hand Hoists and Lever Tools in New Jersey.
The tandem will combine their specialties in the hoist and lever tools arena to provide a comprehensive product inventory that will have the capacity to supply and fit virtually any hoist or lever request on the East Coast!
Columbus McKinnon Corporation (NASDAQ: CMCO) is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of material handling products, systems and services, which efficiently and ergonomically move, lift, position and secure materials.
Learn more about The Bilco Group


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Haritaki is a herb that is used as a remedy because of its multiple health and medicinal benefits. Botanically, it is called Terminalia chebula, which is a black myrobalan fruit possessing laxative properties. The herb is indigenous to Indian subcontinent and can be found in areas of Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and few parts of China.
All in all, the herbal remedy is used as a mild laxative, tonic, alterative, hepato-protective agent, antispasmodic, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, adaptogen, hypoglycemic agent, and anti-viral gent.
Morpheme Haritaki is 100% pure extract of high-quality haritaki herb. The product is processed utilizing only high-quality naturally-grown haritaki gathered from the neatest of environments.
Morpheme Haritaki is processed and packed utilizing state-of-the-art technology with very minimal human intervention to make sure the product reaches the customers in its most potent form. Morpheme Haritaki has all the richness and goodness of haritaki, and delivers all the benefits offered by the herb (haritaki).
A herbal remedy highly beneficial for constipation and other related gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. Mild effect of the remedy works absolutely naturally.
- Efficacious and potent herbal remedy.
- Helpful in relieving chronic constipation.
- Eases bowel movements.
- Beneficial for overall gastrointestinal tract health.
- Assistive in reducing risk of stomach-related disorders and diseases.
- Can protect from harmful pathogens.
- Mild laxative effective.
- Helps improve appetite and digestion.
- No known side effects.
- Available as easily-consumable veggie capsules.
Multiple Benefits of Haritaki
Haritaki is a herb that has mild laxative properties. The herb also becomes part of a very important formulation that is used against chronic constipation – triphala. Terminalia chebula or haritaki is widely used and recommended by the herbal remedy practitioners to alleviate and relieve symptoms of constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders. The herb can overcome even the oldest and chronic constipation in a natural way. Regular intake of haritaki can lead to cleansing of digestive tract, including intestines and colons, along with improvement in overall digestive system; and, a clean and health digestive system never gets constipated.Regular consumption of haritaki can also address problems like painful defecation, irregular bowel movements, and difficulty to pass stool. The constituents of haritaki soften the digested material and let is pass through the intestines and gastrointestinal track in an easier manner.
The remedy has a very mild effect on stomach due to which it does not cause any sudden bowel movement, urge, or pain to defecate. The remedy also possesses antioxidant properties that helps it to discharge free radicals from the body in a natural manner. Because of its antibacterial properties, it can be used as an effective astringent.
Haritaki can also benefit eyes. Regular intake can improve eyesight and provide relief from eye-related disorders and diseases. Also, it can help reduce and prevent stomach-related diseases. As the remedy is an effective anti-constipation agent, it also protects the user from other constipation-related illnesses and disorders. Haritaki can also alleviate symptoms of burping and flatulence by reducing formation of gas in the intestines.
Terminalia chebula can also tone up the digestive tract and makes it fit to digest different foods. It also prevents the system from getting infected. Also, the herb also promotes tissue growth and health. As mentioned before, haritaki is one of three major components of triphala, a popular herbal formulation which is used to treat stomach and related disorders. Haritaki is a herbal rejuvenative laxative that can also be used as an astringent, expectorant, carminative, and appetite stimulant. It also has anthelmintic properties and can be beneficial in destroying or expelling parasitic worms from the tract. Haritaki can also prevent formation of hemorrhoids, ulcerated oral cavity, dental caries, bleeding gums and in many other diseases.
All in all, haritaki is a great herb that can lead to a perfectly-functioning stomach and other bodily systems.


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Defense Says Judge Murdoch Is the Victim
Defense Says Judge Murdoch Is the Victim
On Thursday, Judge Albert Pat Murdochs lawyers turned the table on his accuser, empathetically stating that he is the victim and will be cleared.
The prominent Bernalillo County judge was formally charged in court on Thursday. Hes accused of raping a prostitute and intimidating her so she wouldnt report it.
Murdochs defense team filed a motion to dismiss the charges, saying there is no evidence that a crime was committed.
I know enough to know Judge Murdoch is the victim and thats what youll see, defense attorney Nancy Hollander said.
Murdochs next court appearance is in September.


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SOURCE: AMETEK Solidstate Controls, Inc.
June 27, 2016 08:00 ET
COLUMBUS, OH--(Marketwired - June 27, 2016) - AMETEK Solidstate Controls, Inc. (SCI), a leader in highly customized uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), today honors Diann McKenzie for her 40 years of dedication to the company. Diann began her career at SCI in September 1975 as a high school work-study student in the document control department.
Shortly after graduation, McKenzie began her career in sales, working for the legendary David Johnson selling UPS systems into the power generation and hydrocarbon processing industries.
McKenzie was part of the team that opened SCI's new state of the art facility in 1979, where SCI is still headquartered today. McKenzie has witnessed the tremendous growth in the company and the sales department since then. "I was the only employee entering sales and processing orders in the early 80s; today we have well over a dozen people in those roles," comments McKenzie.
Nick Yarnell, Contracts Manager has worked with McKenzie for the past 25 years and remembers many of her titles. Yarnell says, "Purchasing Coordinator, Customer Service Administrator, Engineering Administrator and Project Administrator are just a few of the roles Diann has held since 1975. The common denominator is that no matter what position she has held, Diann has excelled at each and served as a role model to all SCI team members."
About AMETEK Solidstate Controls:SCI is a recognized leader in highly customized inverters and UPS systems for critical processes involving harsh environments such as power generation and petrochemical processing (including fossil fuel and nuclear power utilities).
SCI has administrative and manufacturing operations at its world headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. It is a unit of AMETEK, Inc., a leading global manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices with annual sales of $4.0 billion. For additional information, visit: www.solidstatecontrolsinc.com.
Image Available: http://www.marketwire.com/library/MwGo/2016/6/24/11G104235/Images/Mckenzie_Dianne-9e4c9568e8e696cea69ed44997f3b017.jpg
For more information, contact:AMETEK Solidstate Controls Media RelationsMaster Plan Communications, Inc.Manda Manning(850) email@example.com Cser(714) firstname.lastname@example.com
For more information, contact:AMETEK Solidstate Controls Media RelationsMaster Plan Communications, Inc.Manda Manning(850) firstname.lastname@example.com Cser(714) firstname.lastname@example.com
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AMETEK Solidstate Controls Congratulates Diann McKenzie for Her 40 Years of Service
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It may take up to 170 years to overcome the economic gap between men and women, according to the latest report.
Iceland, Finland, and Norway are the closest to achieving the goal of gender parity.
Overcoming the gender gap
Global gender report is published yearly to inform the society about what has been done worldwide to overcome the problem of inequality between genders. The data collected shows how well we move forward on this road.
This year the report by the World Economic Forum didn't bring good news. In fact, the indicators show we went backwards.
Experts state that it may take 170 years to overcome the financial inequality between men and women. The gender gap widened in terms of income and employment opportunities. It returned to the indicators of 2008.
Aspects of gender parity
Women work 50 minutes longer than men every day, or in total 39 days a year. Besides, females perform the largest part of the unpaid work at home.
In fact, ladies spend 4 hours and 47 minutes per day on unpaid labor while men only do chores for 1.5 hours.
Much more progress has been achieved towards equal rights in education, politics, and health care availability.
The experts predict that the education gap will be closed in 10 years. And it will take around 82 years to attain equality in politics, The Guardian reports.
Equality by country
144 countries were included in 2016 report.
The top 5 counties with the highest rates in terms of parity between men and women:
- Iceland
- Finland
- Norway
- Sweden
- Rwanda
Countries with the lowest rates:
- Chad
- Saudi Arabia
- Syria
- Pakistan
- Yemen
Russia is at the 75th line of the ranking.
Ukraine is ranked #69.
Surprisingly, the USA is #45, behind several African countries and even Belarus (#30).
- Is Gender Pay Gap a Myth? Scientists Say, It's Real
- How gender ratios influence marriages
- Women to men ratio, gender breakdown in Russia
- Feminism in Russia: "It's for men-haters, lesbians, and ugly spinsters"
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View highlights from the previous PATAcademy-HCD workshop:
PATAcademy-HCD is a three-day workshop incorporating a series of intensive classroom interactions by leading travel industry practitioners with practical activities, group assignments, and networking events.
The programme is held twice a year on the first week of June and December at the PATA Engagement Hub at PATA Headquarters in Bangkok.
The theme for each PATAcademy-HCD programme draws from the ever-changing landscape of the tourism and travel industry, with each session focusing on a subject of topical interest.
Each PATAcademy-HCD programme incorporates field visits in and around Bangkok as part of the immersive training experience. Participants will be awarded a certificate upon successful completion of the course.
Registration Fees
PATA Members: USD1,000
Chapter Members: USD1,200
Non-Members: USD1,500
For enquiries and further information
Please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Hotel Accommodation
VIE Hotel Bangkok is the Official Accommodation Partner for PATAcademy-HCD.
Please contact: Mr Jetnarin Unlum, Sales Coordinator
Tel: +66 (0) 2309 3939 ext 3734 Fax: +66 (0) 2309 3900 E-mail: email@example.com
PATA Engagement Hub
Bangkok, Thailand
Meeting Place for Engaging Content
The Association's PATA Engagement Hub at PATA Headquarters in Bangkok. The space with extensive city views has been designed for seminars, training sessions, webinars and social gatherings. The Engagement Hub has already been used for the PATA Rapid Recovery Taskforce launch, the PATA Engagement Hub launch event, members and industry events and PATAcademy-HCD.
Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) 28th Floor, Siam Piwat Tower, 989 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, 10330
Tel: 662 658-2000
Web: www.pata.org
VIE Hotel Bangkok
PATAcademy-HCD's official accommodation partner, VIE Hotel Bangkok; MGallery by Sofitel is a luxury design hotel, conveniently located in the heart of the city, consisting of 154 duplex and spacious rooms & suites.
Just steps away from the BTS Skytrain Ratchathewi station and within walking distance of a range from budget to luxury shopping malls such as Siam Paragon, Platinum Mall and MBK.The hotel offers unrivalled services and facilities including VIE's own bath amenities, free in-room Wi-Fi and public areas rooftop swimming pool, La VIE – Creative French Cuisine, trendy YTSB Japanese Sushi bar; VIE Spa; fitness club at WE Signature; meeting and wedding venues.
Recognitions and awards include "Best Boutique Hotel", "Trendy Hotel in Asia", "Best Urban Hotel", "TripAdvisor's Excellence of the year 2012 & 2016", 7 consecutive years of "Thailand Tatler Best Restaurants 2010 – 2016", "The Expedia® 2013 – 2014 Insiders' Select™ List", Now Travel Award 2012 – 2015 and World Luxury Hotel Awards 2014 and 2016.
Special Rates
Deluxe King Bed/38-41 sq.m. (Single occupancy) THB 4,200.00 net per night including breakfast and internet
Deluxe King Bed/38-41 sq.m. (Double occupancy) THB 4,700.00 net per night including breakfast and internet
Net, inclusive of 10% service charge and 7% VAT
Limousine Service (Airport to Hotel or Hotel to Airport)
Toyota Camry THB 1,500 net per way per car
Mercedes Benz E Class THB 2,200 net per way per car
Van Commuter THB 2,500 net per way per van
For reservation, please return the completed form to Mr. Jetnarin Unlum – Sales Coordinator (email@example.com).


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Debt with a high interest rate means too much hard-earned money going toward interest — and not enough to the principal. Here are five steps to get a lower rate.
Debt is bad enough on its own, but the worst part? The interest, especially on credit cards. Who hasn't looked at their statement in shock because it feels like the entire monthly payment is going toward the interest and not the principal?
Interest can add a huge amount of money to your debt. (Google "loan payment calculator" to find out exactly how much interest you'll end up paying if you make only the minimum payments.) There's no way to avoid paying interest, but you can pay less interest. All it takes is some planning, persistence and a phone call or email. Here are five steps to save money fast.
1. Do your research
You know all that information that comes with a new credit card? Most of us don't read it, but it does contain vital information about your card's interest rate. If you don't have it, then take a look at your latest statement. It will let you know the interest rate, which may differ depending on the class of debt (purchases versus cash advances, for example).
2. Know your credit history
It's easier to negotiate a lower interest rate if you have a good credit history or are facing bankruptcy. Find out your credit score and get a copy of your history by contacting Equifax or TransUnion. Fees are minimal and the order can be free if you make your request in writing via mail. They will send you a detailed breakdown of your credit history and a rating. Having this makes it easier to negotiate a lower rate.
3. Make the call or send the email
Calling your bank or credit company and asking for a lower interest rate might sound intimidating, but remember: They are used to people calling and emailing all the time. Don't worry about standing out. Your call doesn't have to be complicated. Just point out that you're a good customer or willing to file for bankruptcy and you've received offers from other credit card companies. As a result you would like a lower rate on your card, or you will take up an offer from one of the rival companies.
4. Be persistent
Sometimes you get lucky and they lower the interest rate. Sometimes you don't, but don't give up. Ask to speak to a supervisor and ask again for a lower rate. Keep moving up the food chain until you get a satisfactory answer.
If your request doesn't work the first call, give it a few days and call again. Keep trying. Remember, they want to keep your business — the credit card industry, while profitable, is also extremely competitive.
5. Make the switch (if you have to)
Most of the time, your credit card company will lower your interest rate. It's in their best interest to keep receiving money from you and to keep you as a customer. If they don't, then it might be time to end your relationship with that company and make the switch to another company that's offering a lower rate. Transferring your debt to the lower-interest card can save you a lot of money over the course of paying off the debt.
Putting in a bit of effort to lower your interest rate could be the best thing that happens to you and your debt. But remember, you did all of that so that more of your monthly payments will go toward the principal instead of the interest. Be careful not to compensate by lowering payments or spending more.


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Audible Review Updated: August 10, 2018
Do you want to find time to read more often?
Or do you want to know: is Audible worth it?
Audible is an Amazon company that produces and sells hundreds of thousands of popular audiobooks.
A couple of years ago, I questioned the value of audiobooks.
Well, listening to an audiobook felt like cheating on a real book.
I was also skeptical about being able to get into something that an actor narrates. I saw audiobooks as expensive distractions from the written word.
How wrong I was.


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- Services
- We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.
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Migraine Triggers: Tips from Your Tucson Chiropractor
Posted on 03-08-2012
Anyone who suffers from migraines dreads the approach of the next one, whenever it may come. But our lifestyle choices can work against us where headaches and migraines are concerned. Migraines in par...
A Whiplash Chiropractor You Can Trust
Posted on 01-06-2012
Have you been involved in a Tucson car accident injury? At Carrion Chiropractic Clinic, we offer a variety of treatments for neck injury and other types of car accident injury. Our friendly staff is d...
Stop Stooping: Poor Posture, Misalignments and Injury Lead to Tucson Back Pain
Posted on 12-21-2011
Maybe our parents were onto something when they told us to stand up straight. Poor posture is one of the common causes of back pain, as are spinal misalignments, injury and stress. Pain in the upper a...
Welcome to Our Tucson Chiropractor's Blog!
Posted on 11-16-2011
After over 15 years of providing quality chiropractic services to the Tucson community, our Tucson chiropractor, Dr. Craig Carrion, has decided to start this blog. He knows from experience that many p...


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Have you read the post 5 Pine Knoll: Continuation of story. That would be a good place to start so that
today's post will make a little more sense. Now I want to tell you how we finally found the
"retirement farm". After purchasing the 80 acres at Almartha, which is for sale now, we began the
search again for the retirement farm.
We were always checking the internet, picking up the local real estate papers and reading the
newspaper, looking for that perfect piece of property. We found one that fit our requirements in the
size as it was 160 acres. It was listed with a realty company and we made an appointment to go look
at it. The real estate agent took us to the property and gave us the tour. It was totally fenced and was
mostly pasture, which was good. The bad was that it was on a highway, so you get the noise from the
traffic....not something we wanted to listen to the rest of our lives. So the hunt was on again. We
went down the highway to another real estate office and told the agent that greeted us what we were
looking for. Low and behold, in his hand he had an refused offer on a piece he thought would be just
what we were looking for. When we originally began the hunt again, and we had realized how far
away from the lake the other piece is, we added that as one of our necessities. This time, I didn't even
ask how close this piece was to the lake, as it was getting pretty hard to find what we were looking
for. As we drove up to the place, we could already see that it was pretty overgrown, but we can see
past that....that's a problem that can be fixed. The agent walked some of the property with us and tried
to point out the corners. We were already pretty impressed....it was large enough...it was gently
rolling.....it was a mixture of woods and pasture, although very overgrown....it bordered the lake......it's
lookin' pretty good. We thanked him and told him we'd be in touch. We planned to come back the
next day and hike the property so we could get an up close and personal look at it. We came back the
next day, hiked it and found most of the corners. It's not a straight edged piece of property as it
borders Bull Shoals Lake and the government take like or Corp property follows an elevation mark so
we have several zig zags and lots of corners. We made an offer and it was accepted....yeah! Closing
happened about a month later and we were then the proud owners of 180 acres! Now the work could


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|07 Feb 2011
Viewing recent files in Explorer
Here is the sequence I do. I work on a file in Word, I saved it. Then I want to email it to someone or upload to a website. When I open Explorer it just gives me an option called Recent Places which is a list of folders I have recently accessed. Then I have to remember (Word doesn't make that easy as it doesnt say at the top of every file the folder it is in like Word perfect wonderfully does) which folder I saved the file in. Is there anyway that I can set up Explorer so that a list of recently saved files, not just folders they are in? That would make things wonderfully easier and I wont have to go back and forth through a bunch of folders to find my file to email or upload. Thanks.
|My System Specs
|07 Feb 2011
Windows 7 Home Premium x64
Maybe a recent files list is what you're after?
If so, Right-Click the Task Bar and choose Properties
Choose the Start Menu tab and choose Customize
In the Window that opens, drill down to Recent Items and make sure that is Checked
Hope this is what you need!
Welcome to SF!
|My System Specs
|08 Feb 2011
Thanks. I did that so now I can see Recent Files in the start menu, but I want to be able to, when I am clicking on Attach Files in an email to be able to access in Windows Explorer Recent Files easily without having to remember which folder they are in. I still only get under "Recent Places" in Windows Explorer a list of folders and not a list of recent files.
|My System Specs
|08 Feb 2011
This maybe not quite what you are looking for but, in, for example, Word, in the drop down from "File", there is an item "Recent" , which will show you all those recently accessed.
At the same time, under Options - Advanced., and in the "Display" section halfway down, you can select the number of recent docs you wish to display.
Of further help, under "Save" in the options, you can change the path of your saved docs or, alternatively, "save as" to a specific location, which would help you to quickly access them
For Windows Explorer, the only suggestion I can make there is that you create , under "View" - "Choose details" one of the date options columns.(There are a few)
|My System Specs
|08 Feb 2011
Thanks.Strange that there is an option Recent Places but not a Recent Files in Explorer. The Word options are ok but I want to be able to access many files in many folders when I am uploading or posting an attachment in an email.
Sometimes I do see some category called "Today" and "yesterday" in explorer but I can't recall when I see it. I wish this could be more regular.
I tried the View Option. It is a bit clunky though. In a word drop down folder you can toggle 'date' for example and the most recent file will show upat the top. In Explorer, you do the same toggle and folders are sorted first at the top and if there are a lot of folders you have to scroll down to find the most recent files. The other problem with View Details is that if files are in different folders you don't see them. You have to remember, and then find the folder you put the file in. Not a very good solution. I hope someone on here has a better one.
|My System Specs
|09 Feb 2011
FWIW. You might try the toggling in the "group" option. You can then alternately have folders or files at the top. Very cumbersome though, as you say!
|My System Specs
|09 Feb 2011
Where is this 'group option' you speak of? I don't see it.
|My System Specs
|09 Feb 2011
You can set the Taskbar to have grouped or ungrouped Buttons or Icons:Taskbar Button Grouping - Enable or Disable
|My System Specs
|27 Apr 2011
Windows 7 64-bit
Williej, I work in a similar fashion. Here's how to get the list of recent files and folders to display in Windows Explorer:
After having added "Recent Items" to your start menu as explained by rap33042, right click it and select "copy".
Then open Windows Explorer (I generally do it through "Documents"). Then right click where you want this folder with recent items to display, and right click "Paste Short cut". I have it under my "Favorites" folder, which shows at the very top right in Windows Explorer, so it is one of the first locations to show.
So, next time you need to access one of your recently edited files, the sequence is
START. Documents. Recent Items.
Did this help?
The "Recent Items" directory can also be found in the directory structure by following this path:
|My System Specs
|27 Apr 2011
Williej, I work in a similar fashion. Here's how to get the list of recent files and folders to display in Windows Explorer:
After having added "Recent Items" to your start menu as explained by rap33042, right click it and select "copy".
Then open Windows Explorer (I generally do it through "Documents"). Then right click where you want this folder with recent items to display, and right click "Paste Short cut". I have it under my "Favorites" folder, which shows at the very top right in Windows Explorer, so it is one of the first locations to show.
So, next time you need to access one of your recently edited files, the sequence is
START. Documents. Recent Items.
Did this help?
But the good news was, I found an acceptable alternative. Just right-click either the Start Menu 'Recent Items' link or the Recent Items folder in Windows Explorer (in the C:\ drive) and select Send To, Desktop (create shortcut).
Then, open the Desktop folder in Windows Explorer, and right-click on the new Recent Items shortcut link and move it to wherever you want it in Windows Explorer. Voila!
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CNET News Video
Comparing Verizon's unlimited plan -- and the catchUnlimited has its limitations. Here's a quick breakdown of the unlimited data plans offered by major US mobile carriers.
Verizon, the largest mobile carrier in the US, is once again selling unlimited data plans to better compete against T-Mobile, Sprint, and AT&T. Here's the breakdown of the current unlimited plans for the major US carriers. On Verizon, $80 gets you one unlimited for one line and you can get this on 4 lines for $180. [MUSIC] T-Mobile's unlimited plan starts at 70 bucks. Four lines, it goes up to $160. Sprint's unlimited starts at just $50. And five lines, not four, costs $90 in total. That's the cheapest, but Sprint's pricing will only last a year. Because after March of 2018, it's gonna go up and close in price to T-Mobile. AT&T is the oddball right now. It only offers an unlimited mobile plan for people who also subscribe to DIRECTV or U-verse TV services. And if you do, it's gonna start at around $100 for one line and four unlimited lines will be $180. That's close to Verizon's pricing. When you're comparing prices, remember there'll be additional fees and taxes. Taxes added into the bill, except for T-Mobile. They fold that into their advertised prices. Of course, you have to take network quality into consideration. Verizon and AT&T are the largest, but it doesn't always mean they are the best. T-Mobile is ranking high in many reports these days. And also there are those limitations to unlimited. The fact is if you gobble up data, all of these networks are gonna slow you down. For example, on Verizon if you use 22 gigabytes of data in a month Your speed's gonna take a hit and other customers are gonna be given preference over you if the network is congested. Throttling is about the same for every carrier, give or take a few gigs. There's also another limit to unlimited, HD video. For T-Mobile, Sprint and AT&T they're gonna limit your video streams by default to standard resolution. But sometimes you can pay more to get around it. Verizon is trying to get an edge by offering HD video included with its unlimited plan. So that puts Verizon ahead in that realm. As competition heats up, let's hope the deals get even better. Networks are growing to handle more capacity, and consumers are hungry for better unlimited deals, as our apps and streaming habits demand more data. For CNET, I'm Bridget Carey.


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Reds sign RHP Scott Feldman to one-year deal
Reds sign RHP Scott Feldman to one-year deal
The Cincinnati Reds have signed right-handed pitcher Scott Feldman to a one-year deal, the team announced Thursday.
Feldman, 33, began his major league career as a reliever for the Texas Rangers from 2005-2007. He made 178 starts from 2008-2015 with the Rangers, the Chicago Cubs, the Baltimore Orioles and the Houston Astros.
He pitched mostly out of the bullpen last season for the Astros and the Toronto Blue Jays, posting a 7-4 record with a 3.97 ERA in 40 games and eight starts.
A 12-year major league veteran, Feldman won 17 games for the Rangers in 2009, when he was voted the club's Pitcher of the Year by the local chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America.


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Concerned about election integrity? Have you heard about potential incidents of votes flipping on electronic voting machines, or glitches? What if it happens to you?!? What do YOU do about it?
If something doesn't look right on the machine while you are voting:
- Call the Election Judge over immediately to address the issue. Problem solved? Great! No farther action needs to be taken. Not solved? See #2.
- Let the Election Judge know that you would like to report the irregularity. (Document the number of the troubled machine for reporting.) *Ask to cancel your vote on that machine and to vote on another machine.
What else should you do?
- Call your Hood County Election Administrator to report the issue:
Jenise Miller
Elections Administrator
County Voter Registrar
Ph: (817) 408-2525
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
…. Follow up.
2. Call your Hood County Republican Party office to report the issue and ask what their procedure is to resolve, or report, it.
Contact Information
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
3. Call the RPT Election Integrity Hotline: 512-766-4597
4. Report the incident to the TX Secretary of State.
Email: email@example.com
Phone Numbers 1.800.252.VOTE (8683) 512.463.5650
5. If you want to take it a step farther, report it to the TX Attorney General's office.
Main Agency Switchboard
(512) 463-2100
*Document, document, document! Who, what, when, where, and how…. then follow up.
Check out the Republican Party of Texas Ballot Integrity Manuel for more information!


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Creative Spaces: Gert Geyer
Following my post (rant) about the fascination with artists' creative spaces, I decided to email all my artistic friends to ask them about their relationship with their work space. Their replies have been interesting. So I'll be posting their responses regularly. This first entry is from my illustrator/ designer/ writer friend, the talented Gert Geyer
Hiya Marianna,
I love what you wrote about the myth of the magic art space. I find myself half-fantasising that if I had the right space I could make the right work. But it's wishful, unrealistic thinking. I just want a space that I don't keep tripping over myself in. I need room!
In the past I haven't possessed either the physical or emotional space to make art and so–I was a writer. It was easier to be small; to squirrel myself and my work away. But I wasn't really happy being so small and diminutive. I wanted to make big, messy work. Slowly, I transitioned to making visual work on my computer and gradually began making more physical work at the dining room table or my bedroom floor. I don't have a studio away from home–that's something I've always lusted over and ultimately would like to have. I work where and when I can and often am obliged to pack up my work in the middle of something. This photo is taken of me luxuriating in the closest I have to a real studio; at my parent's house while they are out of town. Here I've plenty of room and: solitude! I'm still looking for the perfect space. 'Perfect' not because it allows me to make truly inspired work but 'perfect' due to much more practical reasons: the light is good, there's no carpet on the floor, I can move about without tripping over. While I'm searching I'll keep on making art–wherever, however.
Gert is represented by TW FineArt. You can check out Gert's work on her website www.gertgeyer.com
If you would like you and your workspace to feature in this series, send me a photo of your work space as well as a one paragraph description of where you work, what you like/ dislike about it and what your dream work space would look like if you had limitless money. Email to email@example.com


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Here is a short guide, how you can better sell financial model templates with efinancialmodels.com.
eFinancialModels makes it pretty easy to sell financial model templates as our website is targeted towards entrepreneurs, investors and finance professionals. Once registered as a vendor, the vendor can easily submit his financial model templates on our platform.
Who needs a Financial Model Template?
Financial models are needed for decision-making. They are prepared and used by
- Business and financial analysts
- Management Executives, mostly CFOs, and CEOs
- Entrepreneurs
- Management consultants
- Investors
- Banks
Financial models always serve a specific purpose: E.g. investors want to find out what is the profitability of an envisaged investment, management wants to learn the expected cash flows of the business for planning purposes, investors and business owners want to obtain a valuation of a company or entrepreneurs need to figure out how they can optimally design their business model to create an interesting case for investors. There are many more applications as the possibilities and usefulness of financial models are nearly endless.
Why Users are interested in a Financial Model Template?
Before you build a financial model, lets shortly review the interests of the recipients what they are looking for in a good template.
The general reason why financial model templates are being searched is that the can save significant time. Creating a financial model can easily turn into a very time-consuming exercise. Thus, it is worth the effort first to check if there is a suitable financial model template available. It is much faster to get the job done when starting off a good template rather than having to start from scratch. Now let's look specifically at what aspects of a financial model template users are particularly interested in:
- Industry Know-How: A good financial model template provides insights and expertise. As financial models depend on the particular use, the industry knowledge is very important. Each business has its drivers, but from a modeling perspective, normally each industry has some highly relevant aspects, which the model should address. Thus a good model contains the necessary industry know-how.
- Design and Structure: Some financial models might become hard to read, especially when they are very complex and extensive. Thus at some point, the design and structure of such models become vital as well structured models are easier to understand and to update, especially when more than one person deals with the model. Thus financial modelers are constantly looking for new ways to better structure their models.
This shows that financial models can save significant time and thus this gives a reason to purchase them rather than spending hours to build them themselves.
How to design a Great Financial Model Template
While a financial model may be done quickly as the author normally already has an in-depth understanding of the use case and does not need to explain every detail. Preparing a great financial model template is a bit different, as it needs to address the needs of other users, which might possess different levels of sophistication in financial modeling.
The general aspect when designing a model template is user friendliness. Everything, which makes the model user friendly is a bonus and will be appreciated by the users. As users will be located in different countries, also the model needs to offer some flexibility to easily adapt the model to any country or currency where it shall be used. Thus we provide now a more detailed list of which aspects a good financial model template can benefit from.
- Currency – The currency should be easily changeable as users might be located in different countries and might use other currencies than the US Dollar (USD). One way to do that can be to have the three-digit currency code being inputted in the assumptions and the stated currency in the calculations referred to that.
- Starting Year – When a financial model explicitly uses years as column headers, they need to be updated as time goes by. One way to do that is also to put the starting year as input into the assumptions and make the other years dependent on that (e.g. Next Year = Start Year +1). For past years, they can also make dependent on the Starting Year (Past Year = Start Year -1).
- Inputs vs. Outputs – The author should just be aware that for him it's easy to know which are the assumptions but for another reader, it might take a while to figure it out. A good model template should make it easy for the reader to understand which are the inputs and which are the outputs to save time for them. There are different systems to do that e.g. by using different color codes for inputs and outputs, separating assumptions from the rest of the model, putting a very clear logic in place, etc. The author should just think about a way, how to make it very easy for the user to understand his financial model template.
- Measurement units – in some industry, we have the situation that two measurement systems are being used, e.g. square meter and square foot for real estate. As you don't know in which country the users of your financial model template will be situated, it can be a good idea to design the unit as input and link all references to that unit from this input. So if a user needs square foot instead of square feet, it will be easier for him if he can just pull a switch and the unit is changed.
- Terms and Abbreviations – especially industry-specific models sometimes use very distinct terms, which for the non-industry folks might not be clear or are not that easy to be understood. A good practice is to put an abbreviations summary into a separate sheet in the model, where all the abbreviations and key terms are explained.
- User-friendliness – in general the design should be user-friendly and be made for persons with different levels of experience. So your template might need some additional tweaking to make it user-friendly than when using the model only by yourself.
- Detail vs. Complexity – some model templates will be very detailed while others are more will be kept simple. There are pros and cons to each approach, but in general, it depends on the use case and the objectives of the model. If you need a very precise analysis, a more detailed model might better serve that purpose while if you just need a quick analysis about an investment case, a more high-level model might be quicker and be more useful to the reader.
- Consistency – a financial model should be designed in a consistent way. E.g. for real estate models, where you want to project cash flows for single plots as well the overall project, the calculations for plots and the overall project can be separated into different sheets in Excel. Thus it's important that on each sheet of those plots, the revenues and costs are always placed on the same row numbers and the years always use the same columns. Designing a model in such a way makes it much easier, to sum up, the yearly totals (always same column, same rows) and to review the model.
- Macros – While macros in Excel can be quite fancy and useful, the downside is that they function like a black box and they are mostly not fully transparent what they exactly do. Therefore the model becomes more difficult to review and it can even become a source of error if the model is not fully understood. Keep in mind on Mac Book some Macros might not work as they do in Windows. Macros should only be used in a minimalistic way not to confuse the users
- Circular references – Some analysts create models with leaving circular references in their models, e.g. by calculating the interest payment based on the average of year ends. The problem is that the end year cash balance is output in most excel models. Thus they solve it by using iterations. The problem with that approach now is that it becomes very tricky to figure out if the model does not have an error somewhere else and also running sensitivity analysis becomes nearly impossible because of the iterations. Thus for a model template, better to avoid it.
So above list is quite comprehensive. So what should you do if your model template does not address all above points? – The tip is to put out the first version even if the first version is not perfect. But once you receive downloads and users start to review and comment on the model, you can easily enhance your model template by uploading a next version which starts to address above points.
How to Explain your Financial Model
When sharing or selling a model template on platforms such as efinancialmodels.com, the product description is key for a reader to decide whether to purchase the model template or not. We thus like to summarize the following tips how to enhance your chances of getting downloads:
- Stating the purpose – Users are looking for industry and financial modeling know-how and might not be familiar with all the benefits of your financial model. Therefore it's important to state the purpose and the benefits of using the model.
- Description – Users might not know what the purpose of the financial model is. Provide a description of the functionalities of your model and the purpose it serves
- Screenshots – The user wants to see what he is buying and get a feel of how the model will look like. Thus best is to add some screenshots to show what the user will get exactly.
- Demo Version – To offer even a better and interactive look and feel experience, you can provide two version of the model. One where the all the formula and output cells are protected (for free) and an unprotected version (paid). In Excel, you can use the Format Cell feature to select those cells, which shall not be locked when protecting the Excel Sheet. Check MS Excel Forums to learn how to do that.
- Support – add your contact details inside the excel model where the user can ask for more support or get your help for advanced modeling work.
So we hope this guide provides some good guidance how to prepare a financial model template. Kindly keep in mind, it doesn't have to be perfect at the first time, more important is to see how the model can also be improved on the feedbacks and interests received from the users.
How to Choose a Price for your Financial Model Template
The price Users are willing to pay depends how big their problem is which your Excel Template can solve for them. Thus its a function how difficult it is to find a similar template somewhere else, the time required to develop a template on their own and the design and usability of your Excel Model.
As a guide, based on our experience financial model templates sell best with the following price ranges:
- Single Excel models – USD 25.- to USD 35.- per Excel Template
- Bundles/Packages and highly Complex Models USD 50.- to USD 100.- per Excel Template
Especially for higher priced models, its important that the user can exactly understand what he will get when he purchases a model. This we recommend to provide a Free and a Paid version per model.
- a FREE version where all formulas are protected (see instructions here) so interested Users can first see what they buy
- a PAID version where all formulas are unprotected in Excel
How to Market your Financial Model Template
While visitors of eFinancialModels website will see your financial model, there is more you can do to promote it effectively.
- Contact people you know and tell them about the great financial model template you have created
- Share Link via Social Networks – use the share buttons on the page of your financial model template to share the link on your social networks such as Linkedin, Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus etc.
Please feel free to comment below, if you wish to add something or you have any other tip for our users.