text:
Massage Therapy Instructors
San Francisco Massage School
- David MartinezInstructorDavid is a graduate of NHI's Core Program, where he discovered a newfound love and passion in the healing arts of Massage Therapy. Following graduation and after working in the field for some time, he returned to NHI as a TA and Tutor, where he assisted Students/Staff, both in and out of the classroom. David's professional experience in the field includes work at a Chiropractic Wellness Clinic, assisting the Chiropractor in a variety of rehabilitative/sports medicine techniques, and at Massage Envy Spa in San Francisco, where he was given the opportunity to further enrich his skill set as a staff trainer in a variety of techniques, including hot stone and assisted stretching. Today, David has realized yet another calling to return to his NHI Family, a calling to contribute as an Instructor and Mentor. Each day, he brings his smile and charisma to the Campus. With a background in Political Science, he regularly seeks opportunities to positively impact the NHI community, its Students and Staff, and in his free you will find him immersed in his second passion in life – Dance and Choreography. "A smile is a kind and sincere way to show appreciation."Gonzalo Figueroa LanderosSenior Campus Manager/InstructorAfter graduating from NHI in 2003, Gonzalo worked in high-end resort, hotel and day spas in the Napa Valley and San Francisco. He also worked in a holistic center where his focus was prenatal massage. Gonzalo now serves as the Senior Campus Manager for the San Francisco Campus . "We all possess the talent of massage; those of us that choose to refine it are fortunate and blessed. I love the diversity of the students at NHI. I'm constantly meeting amazingly wonderful people that inspire me to be the best massage therapist and the best teacher possible."Grace De JongInstructorHailing from Minneapolis, Grace De Jong lived and worked in Chicago and Seoul before relocating to San Francisco in 2010 to enroll in the Core Program at NHI. Since graduating in 2011, she has enjoyed building successful practices at two busy health and wellness centers. Grace received her BA in Art History from the University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, trained at Watpo Thai Traditional Massage School in Salaya, Thailand, and is a Board Certified Massage Therapist. In her spare time she enjoys exploring all the Bay Area has to offer, spending time with friends and family, reading, dancing, and running. Being a teacher at NHI allows Grace to combine her passion for teaching with her love for the fulfilling and rewarding work of massage. "Students come to NHI from a variety of backgrounds but with one expressed purpose: to become skilled and professional massage therapists. It's a privilege to help them see that goal to fruition."Karen VardanegaInstructorKaren Vardanega graduated from Twin Lakes College of the Healing Arts in 1989 and with Honors from Boulder College of Massage Therapy in 1991. She has also completed a Herbal and Energy Medicine program, greatly enhancing her knowledge and skills. She has been working and teaching in Colorado, where she also was a Spa trainer for the Vitality Center. Karen is a passionate teacher who continues to learn and grow in the wellness field. She loves to ski, batik, and explore. NHI culture allows her to set up sacred space, which creates a safe and comfortable learning environment for her students.Margy SommerInstructorMargy graduated NHI in 1992 with the goal of returning as an instructor. She has held a private practice in Alameda for over 25 years, has managed massage programs and worked in Chiropractic, Physical Therapy, and performed on-site in the tech industry. Margy shares her work, pro bono in various hospice settings and with cancer patients. In her teaching, Margy's passion for anatomy, physiology and pathology is contagious. Margy has 2 sons, is an avid yogi and professional pastry chef. "Massage therapy is a miraculous blending of science with the art of massage. NHI is an evolutionary institution with truly wonderful intention combined with professionalism."Tracey ThompsonInstructorTracey Thompson graduated from NHI Emeryville in June 1999 and has worked in both private practice and at spas in the Napa Valley. She was at the Spa at Silverado in Napa for almost 12 years before making the move to teaching. Tracey is also a certified CPR/First Aid instructor with the American Red Cross, and has a degree in Health Science which allows her to incorporate her knowledge of health education, safety, and first aid into her love of massage. She enjoys bringing all of this into the classroom to share with her students. Tracey still maintains a small private practice that allows her to focus on Swedish, Deep Tissue, and maternity massages, in addition to LaStone, Lomilomi, and sports massage. In her free time Tracey enjoys reading, traveling, cooking Italian food, and making gelato for friends and family.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Deconstructing Our Next Minister by Tim Torres, Prayer Chaplain, Board of Trustees Treasurer
"Deconstructing" … seems like an odd word to use regarding our next minister, at first glance. It means analyzing something by reducing it to its constituent parts, exposing its hidden internal assumptions and contradictions. Deconstructing our next minister really means defining, as thoroughly as we can, the qualities we are looking for in a minister.
We think we want the best minister we can get, but that's not a recipe for success. We could hire a minister who is the best speaker, the best counselor, the best provider of spiritual comfort, the best teacher, the best leader, and the best manager or administrator, someone who works hard and is bursting with love for the divine in everyone. But if that person doesn't line up with who we are collectively, their many qualities, skills, and talents won't be enough. No, what we need is a minister who aligns with the culture of our UCSA community. But what is our culture?
Our culture can be defined as a set of shared values, or unwritten rules which are often taken for granted, that guides us towards acceptable and rewarding behavior; it has both hidden and visible aspects. These shared values come from our history, both "ancient" and recent: 1) our original culture – the beliefs, values, and functions that formed the foundation of the community. 2) our experience – the learned beliefs and values that come out of actual experience in the community – what works and what doesn't work. And 3) our incoming perspectives – the beliefs, values, and assumptions brought in by new members and leaders.
Culture matters. A new minister must fit into our culture if he or she is to be successful. We can also change our culture deliberately, but only after we analyze our culture to expose the unwritten unspoken rules to the light of day. In any case, if there is not a good fit between our new minister and our culture, it's not fair to us or our new minister. We are likely to experience some distress trying to adjust. Our relationship with a new minister can, simply put, fail. Emotional upset is very possible. Then we're back to square one, except that we would now have the added stress of that failure, and any hard feelings that arose along the way.
Here's what I know to be True … UCSA is a wonderful community with a unique culture. When we have analyzed that culture, we will know how to define it, and therefore, exactly what we are looking for in a new minister. And that minister that fits our culture best is out there, in a universe of infinite possibilities, headed our way, if we exercise the wisdom to identify our needs accurately.
This is what "Honoring our Past, Creating our Future" is all about. Your participation is important as we analyze our culture, which comes from our past. We are bringing that cultural past into the light, deliberately defining what we do well, what we can do better. That knowledge will allow us to deconstruct our new minister in a universe of infinite possibilities. Let's take this path together.


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|+ Aktivitäten
|+ Service
The German National Library is able to process data generated as part of the URN procedure using various transfer methods. The present document describes the technical conventions needed in these transfer methods and gives corresponding examples. It is possible to select between several alternatives concerning the technical transfer methods and that that provides the best solution for the institution's existing workflow.
URN management
The term "URN management" is used to designate all procedures required for the productive application of URNs. The following procedures are of significance to the URN namespace administrator:
The URN related services at the German National Library are described under its URN strategy.
URN-URL pairs
What does a URN refer to? A URN points to at least one URL. URN- and URL related information must be captured together and registered at the German National Library. URNs in the form urn:nbn:de:gbv:089-3321752945 can only be applied, for example in an online catalogue, if the required information are registered at the German National Library.
URN-URL relationships
This term is used to describe all URN-URL relationships which arise in the context of a URN management:
URL management
This term comprises the procedure for the initial registration of URN-URL pairs as well as all update processes such as deleting or updating URLs.
URN transfer methods
This term covers all the technical data transfer options for URN-URL pairs, for example via existing workflows from the URN namespace administrator to the German National Library.
XML record or record
This represents a unit of the registration format for URN-URL relationships, based on XML syntax.
The description of the data records', data structure, syntax and semantics is based on XML and is explained in xepicur - XML data transfer format for the management of Persistent Identifiers.
Data received via the existing transfer interfaces described below are processed entirely automatically by the German National Library.
The description of the data record structure that can be processed by the German National Library can be found in the document specified in Point 3.
The description of the structure comprises details on permitted syntax, case sensitivity such as "epicur", "administrative_data", "record", "identifier", "isPartOf" and is comprehensive in regard to
Specifically the following processing rules apply in cases of incompatibility between specifications and the actual metadata records delivered.
In case of errors, the records will be returned automatically to the sender or to the registered contact person with an explanation
The various URN transfer methods offer different functionality. The disadvantage if URNs registered at the German National Library using existing workflow procedures is that only URN registration is possible, and other procedures in context of the URN management for example to update URLs have to be performed using another transfer methods. For this reason the German National Library prefers either implementing transfer by e-mail of the implementation of the OAI 2.0 URN management system.
5.1.1 What is possible?
5.1.2 What is NOT possible?
5.1.3 Established workflow procedures for registering and archiving online resources at the German National Library
The following business procedures for registering and archiving online resources at the German National Library can be used for registering URNs.
In both workflow procedures metadata is delivered to the German National Library using a variety of transfer interfaces. A field is provided in the metadata for "Persistent Identifier" and "Uniform Resource Locator (URL)". These fields must be completed. URN registration then occurs automatically.
22.214.171.124 URN registration for networked publications using the interactive registration form
Step 1: Authenticating who is registering
The person registering authenticates him/herself using the identification details supplied (ID and password) on the website: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/epmeld_form.pl
Step 2: Registration of metadata
Metadata are then registered. The information required for archiving a networked publication at the German National Library are explained in detail in a separate comprehensive Registration form help.
Step 3: URN and URL details
Enter the URN in the "Adress/Identifier" field and click on the "URN" radio button.
Then repeat the field group, while pressing the "+" button.
Enter the URL in the "Address/Identifier" field and click on the "URL" radio button.
22.214.171.124 Registering URNs for academic publications.
This transfer method offers manual URN management
5.2.1 What is possible?
5.2.2 What is NOT possible?
5.2.3 Production steps
Step 1: Authenticating the URN namespace administrator
The person registering authenticates him/herself using the identification details supplied (ID and password) on the website: http://nbn-resolving.de/login.php
Step 2: Selecting the intended action
After successful authentification various URN management functions will be available. The information which needs to be registered are explained in detail in a separate URN namespace management help.
Step 3: Registration the information
Information is captured using interactive forms.
5.3.1 What is possible?
5.3.2 Production steps
The procedure is carried out in the following steps:
Step 1: Target of registration process
The target of the registration process, such as, for example an initial URN registration, or updating a URL, requires different information to be registered. The information required is drawn from the descriptions in "xepicur - an XML data transfer format for the management of Persistent Identifiers".
Step 2: Creating a "[name].xml" text file
Create an XML file following the rules in "xepicur - an XML data transfer format for the management of Persistent Identifiers". The file can be given any name. The file extension must be "xml".
Example: urn:nbn:de:1111-20040405.xml
In this example the file name is derived from the URN sub-namespace and the date of delivery.
Step 3: Send the XML file as an attachment to an e-mail
The XML file created have to be sent as an attachment to an e-mail to the following address at the German National Library:
Leave the subject line empty.
The body of the e-mail message is also empty.
Step 4: Finding out about processing status
The subsequent processing workflow at the German National Library is automated. A message will be generated containing the processing status (successful or unsuccessful).
5.3.3 Examples (ZIP)
Examples (XML)
5.4.1 What is possible?
5.4.2 Data provider's OAI minimum implementation requirements
5.4.3 Data provider's OAI maximum implementation requirements
5.4.4 Production steps
Step 1: Extending the data provider OAI request following "metadataPrefix=epicur"
The OAI data provider must permit an OAI request for "metadataPrefix=epicur" .
<request verb="ListRecords" from="2004-03-30T00:00:00Z" until="2004-03-31T00:00:00Z" metadataPrefix="epicur">
http://[OAI data provider domain]/[filepath]/[OAI script]
Step 2: Structuring metadata in "xepicur"
The previously created metadata are to be structured following the rules in "xepicur - an XML data transfer format for the management of Persistent Identifiers".
General notes on preparing metadata for URN management
5.4.5 Examples (ZIP)
184.108.40.206 Example answer to an OAI request for "metadataPrefix=epicur"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/"
<request verb="ListRecords" from="2004-03-30T00:00:00Z" until="2004-03-31T00:00:00Z" metadataPrefix="epicur">
<epicur xmlns="urn:nbn:de:1111-2004033116" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance=" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:nbn:de:1111-2004033116
<!-- Alternative details: xsi:schemaLocation="urn:nbn:de:1111-2004033116
http://www.persistent-identifier.de/xepicur/version1.0/xepicur.xsd" -->
<update_status type="urn_new"/>
<identifier scheme="urn:nbn:de" >urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-1008171</identifier>
<identifier scheme="url">http://dochost.rz.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/biologie/schmidt-kathrin/SGML/schmidt.did </identifier>
<format scheme="imt">text/sgml</format>
18.104.22.168 Initial URN registration for complete and part objects
Examples (XML)
22.214.171.124 Initial URN registration for new versions of objects
Examples (XML)
22.214.171.124 Updating URLs
Examples (XML)


text:
PITTSBURGH, PA (PRWEB) November 08, 2016
After years of experience in restaurant work, church hospitality and cooking for the family during holidays, an inventor from Portsmouth, VA, came to realize the importance of keeping food warm for proper enjoyment of it. However, once food is served on a plate or tray it starts to cool off immediately. In order to solve this common problem she conceived of a better way to serve food.
The patent-pending THERM SERVER provides a better way of maintaining the warmth of food. It ensures that food lasts for a longer period, which preserves the quality and enjoyment of the food. It also eliminates the need to use canned fuel or electricity, which saves money.
Featuring an easy-to-use, versatile design, the invention is suitable for households, restaurants, offices, student dorms, etc.
The original design was submitted to the Hampton office of InventHelp. It is currently available for licensing or sale to manufacturers or marketers. For more information, write Dept. 15-VBH-182, InventHelp, 217 Ninth Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, or call (412) 288-1300 ext. 1368. Learn more about InventHelp's Invention Submission Services at http://www.InventHelp.com - https://www.youtube.com/user/inventhelp


text:
Second Torchy's Tacos San Antonio location could be in the works
SAN ANTONIO - Fans of the Austin-based restaurant Torchy's Tacos restaurant could be in for a nice surprise this summer.
Records from the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation show that a second Torchy's Taco's location is in the works. The construction project, estimated to begin March 1, and would cost about $300,000 and conclude June 1.
Torchy's Taco's opened its first San Antonio location on the city's North Side back in 2014.
The new location is listed at 17627 La Cantera Parkway according to records.


text:
2003 Pontiac Vibe
Wagon 4D AWD
Safety Ratings
Frontal crash ratings - Driver
Not Rated
Frontal crash ratings - Passenger
Not Rated
Side crash ratings - Driver
Side crash ratings - Passenger
NHTSA Rollover Resistance Rating
|Potential Number Of Units Affected:
On certain passenger vehicles, it is possible for the bolts that join the rear brake and hub assembly to the rear axle carrier to be loose due to insufficient tightening during the assembly process. If the vehicle is operated in this condition, one or more of the four bolts could come loose, causing an abnormal noise from the rear axle area. In the event that all four bolts loosen completely, separation of the rear brake and hub assembly from the rear axle carrier could occur, which could lead to a loss of vehicle control.
Dealers will properly tighten the bolts. The manufacturer has reported that owner notification began March 12, 2002. Owners who do not receive the free remedy within a reasonable time should contact Pontiac at 1-800-762-2737.
Dates of Manufacture:
January - February 2002
Manufacturer Recall Number:
The safety ratings and information is provided directly from the
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
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The Ford F-150 is the best-selling truck on the planet. Why? To find the answer we go back to Fords first truck produced in the Ford factory, the Model T one-ton in 1917, then the first factory-built pickup in 1925. We cover Fords first V8 in 1932, the Streamline Era of the 30s, WWII, and 13 generations of the legendary F-Series, including the 2017 Raptor.
We combine rare footage from the Ford Archives with stunning, HD-widescreen footage of Limited Editions like the King Ranch, Harley-Davidson, Raptor, and Lightning.
The story of Ford trucks is the story of America. Trucks played a pivotal role in the shaping and expanding of America, the two World Wars, the postwar boom, and still today trucks keep America rolling.
Our story is told through the eyes of journalists, Ford executives, historians, and those who just love Ford trucks.
The story of Ford trucks is an amazing story of innovation, determination, and loyalty.
Lets ride.
Run time: 70 minutes


text: > I will not pretend to know all AD/DNS thingys you have to check in order to get things > on top again. But last time I had a similar problem, it turned out that my newly > upgraded McAfee Viruscan 8.0i had implemented its own rules and blocked port 25. > Try to telnet onto port 25 of each server (and resolve any issues there). Else, am > clueless ... > > Anthony No problem in trying to help. However, yes I can telnet in an no other software/hardware is interfering. John Tolmachoff Engineer/Consultant/Owner eServices For You


text:
We started in November 1997, providing Facial Treatment in Singapore, proudly serving our customers for the last 20 years.
We help our customers bring out their most beautiful self, glowing with healthy skin. They enjoy the feeling of comfort and home on every visit, and leave feeling relaxed with refreshed skin.
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text:
My Ceremony Packages
Celebrant Ceremony Package
Any day of the week
I have two Ceremony packages available designed with you in mind so please contact me for further details...
And each package is the same price for any day of the week as I do not raise my prices on weekends.
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Travel to your chosen Venue up to 15 km from my home*...
Top of the line PA System and Two Microphones...
Music played through my PA*
Readings or Poetry*...
Wedding Keepsake.
* Conditions apply.
(*Please note: While music can be played through my PA System, neither myself nor my assistant take any responsibility in this regard especially if music is downloaded from some sites of the internet.)
** Most venues include a signing table and two chairs in their package so please ask them if this applies.
In the case of a ceremony not being held at a structured venue then you will also need to organise a Signing Table (plus the table cloth and skirt to fit) and two chairs for the table through the decor company you are hiring your seating from.
*Prices subject to change after the financial year.
+For New Year's Eve Weddings, standard price/s apply until 6:00 pm then the Special Date Ceremony Price applies.
These prices not to be used in conjunction with any offer unless specified.
Please Note: Conditions apply for inclement weather and for hot weather conditions.
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I have teamed up with some amazing photographers that really know how to make your special day one to remember
I have teamed up with
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The beautiful Kerry Rose from Kerry Rose Photography is also now part of a package you can have as she is a Southern Photographer with exceptional skills and easy to work with.
Please contact either myself or the Photographers to find out more.
Click on the Photographer's names to go direct to their websites.
You can by all means have the photographer or celebrant of your choice if you prefer to bring in your own, but you will need to pay their prices.
Please Note:
You are most welcome to bring your own photographer or decor person to the package - or indeed your own celebrant to the photographer's package but you will need to pay their price for their service.


text:
The Instigator
2 Points
The Contender
Pro (for)
12 Points
Abortion is morally indefensible.
Post Voting Period
The voting period for this debate has ended.
after 3 votes the winner is...
|Voting Style:
|Point System:
|7 Point
|6 years ago
|Post Voting Period
|1,934 times
|Debate No:
Debate Rounds (4)
Comments (7)
Votes (3)
This debate concerns the popular conception that abortion is amoral. I will argue against this idea. Burden of proof is shared in this debate. Points of contension will include determining morality, when a fetus must morally be considered human, and the rights of the mother.
Pro may take a lead in the first round.
In each successive round, all opposing points must be refuted or conceded. New arguments may be introduced each round until the final round, which may only be used for refutation and concluding statements.
No fallacious arguments are allowed. If one makes an argument by fallacy, and the fallacy is identified by the opponent, one must either restate the original argument in such a way as to avoid fallacy, demonstrate effectively why the argument is NOT fallacious, or concede the point. All arguments by fallacy, which are identified and not resolved, must be considered abandoned by voters.
I accept the challenge to debate abortion, an important topic in our time.
I will keep my opening argument brief since Con instigated the debate. I will wait until I see my opponent's opening argument to more specifically discuss the issues that he would like to discuss.
My position that abortion is amoral is based upon the simple premise: from when the egg is fertilized a new, unique, living human being is born. This human is innocent (not necessarily in a spiritual sense but in a physical sense). They have not committed a crime deserving of the punishment of death and so it is immoral to kill them, especially since in the vast, vast majority of cases it was the parents who consented to the action that created the preborn human.
In order for my opponent to win this debate, he must prove that the preborn human is not a living human. For if the preborn is not a living human, then no justification for abortion is necessary. However if the preborn is a living human, then no justification for abortion is sufficient.
Scientifically, it has been proven that the preborn are living human beings. They are alive because they grow. Non-living things don't grow. Additionally, preborn humans exhibit other signs of life such as (but not limited to) respiration, cell division, and reponse to stimuli.
We know that preborn humans are, in fact, human. They have human DNA, and living beings reproduce after their own kind. Dogs have dogs, cats have cats, and humans have humans. At no point in human history have two humans conceived a child which was non-human (or another species) and became human at any point during its gestation.
In fact, the experts in the field, embryologists, agree that we are human from fertilization. In the most widely-used embryology textbook, the authors say the following: "Although life is a continuous process, fertilization (which, incidentally, is not a 'moment') is a critical landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new genetically distinct human organism is formed when the chromosomes of the male and female pronuclei blend in the oocyte." [1]
You just can't make the argument that we are anything other than a living human from fertilization. In fact, most pro-choice philosophers even make the concession, such as Peter Singer, who takes the pro-choice position to its logical conclusion and supports infanticide. Singer has stated, "It is possible to give 'human being' a precise meaning. We can use it as equivalent to 'member of the species Homo sapiens'. Whether a being is a member of a given species is something that can be determined scientifically, by an examination of the nature of the chromosomes in the cells of living organisms. In this sense there is no doubt that from the first moments of its existence an embryo conceived from human sperm and eggs is a human being." [2]
If Con wishes to state that we are living humans at any other point than fertilization, he will be arguing against science and some of the most respected pro-choice philosophers. It is a well-established fact. People decry when an innocent is killed for any reason (be it through capital punishment or during wartime), so to be consistent we should also decry the innocent killed through abortion.
I will end here. I await Con's opening argument.
[1] Ronan O'Rahilly and Fabiola Müller, Human Embryology and Teratology, 3rd edition. New York: Wiley-Liss, 2001. p. 8.
[2] Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 85-86.
I would like to thank Pro for accepting my invitation. This looks to be a very interesting debate.
Before I really begin, I'd like to establish a very important disagreement:
"In order for my opponent to win this debate, he must prove that the preborn human is not a living human. For if the preborn is not a living human, then no justification for abortion is necessary. However if the preborn is a living human, then no justification for abortion is sufficient."
I want to be very clear that I in no way agree to these terms. By the agreement of this debate, the onus is on me to demonstrate that there do exist moral justifications for abortion, and my opponent must demonstrate that there do not. These are the terms established in the rules of this debate. I am in no way required to demonstrate that there is "no justification necessary" for abortion, as justification is necessary for all actions, especially ones which are morally complex.
Pro's main contention seems to be that fetuses are recognisably human from conception, and that therefore it is automatically amoral to terminate a pregnancy at any stage. The "humanity" of a zygote or blastocyst is far more debatable than Pro would have you believe, though its humanity or lack thereof is not necessary to provide moral justification for its termination. For instance:
"...preborn humans exhibit other signs of life such as (but not limited to) respiration, cell division, and response to stimuli."
This is a very misleading statement without a bit more refinement. The heart of a "preborn human" does not exist on a functional level until more than a month after conception, and there is no brain activity until almost 2 months.[1] To be clear, until this point the only "signs of life" a fetus exhibits are the same signs of life present in a lump of feces. Cellular respiration, division, and response to stimuli occur on levels which do not warrant moral notice to humans under any other conditions. Further, the "preborn human" does not even become implanted into the uterine wall until about the sixth day, and in most cases will not implant into the uterine wall at all.[2] At these early stages, accidental termination is a very real possibility - albeit without moral repercussions.
Before I continue with refutation I'd like to establish a first point which will be arising within the refutation:
C1: Humans establish their moral right to live on a scale of viability.
There exist many scenarios in which a person may slacken their grip on life to the point which they cannot survive on their own. If a person is in a vegetative state, and continues living only with the aid of external apparatus. If a person has been shot on a battlefield, and only immediate medical attention can save them. If a person is in any kind of imminent danger, which they cannot escape on their own. In these situations, there is no moral onus on the other party to ensure the endangered party's survival - especially if there is some risk to their own will or well being. There may certainly be a moral reward for such self sacrifice, but that reward is only on the merit of it not being required.
One may extrapolate from these scenarios a rule, by which a human's moral requirement to protect the life of another human may be calculated by contrasting the viability of the endangered human's bid on life with the aiding human's danger to self. If the aiding human stands to lose their life, or risk their ability to continue their life as they have determined in so far, and the endangered human stands little chance of surviving, then there may be no moral penalty should the aiding human decide to abandon their stake in the endangered human's predicament.
If Pro's condition is that it is morally indefensible to allow a human or potential human to die, then we are all guilty every time someone we know dies, by nature of the fact that we failed to save them. I do not claim that zygotes are not potential humans, but I do claim that those who have already struggled into the world have more of a claim on life than a pile of cells with a squidge of DNA - which may blink out of existence via any number of causes (exponentially more so than a living human).
C2: Foetal uncertainty/ action or inaction
From the time of conception, pregnancies are fraught with uncertainty. Many factors may result in the loss of a pregnancy, or the development of an atypical pregnancy. At times a blastocyst may implant itself away from its ideal home - sometimes as afield as a mucus membrane in vaginal wall or anus, but far more commonly in the fallopian tubes.[3] Ectopic pregnancies such as these endanger both the mother and the "pre-human." Additionally, the "pre-human" stands great risk for malformations and defects under these conditions. When the "pre-human" faces such risks and also risks the life and well being of the mother, shouldn't we value the life of the human over that of the pre-human - especially if the pre-human has no conscious thought and can't experience pain or any kind of awareness?
Many other scenarios come to mind when faced with the supposed certainty of a zygote's future. Twins, for instance. Beginning in 1903 Hans Spemann established (with the help of his infant daughter's hair) that any embryo may be formed into twins.[4] Two complete humans, each with a normal body and mind, have the potential to be born from each zygote, simply by applying slight pressure. If each embryo has the potential to become two humans, have we committed murder each time we birth only one child? The potential is there - so what is the difference? I anticipate that my opponent will argue that human intervention is the difference - that there is no requirement to ensure the creation of two children from each zygote, as each zygote would not "naturally" develop into two children if unaided. What is "natural," though? Is modern prenatal care natural? Surgically aided birthing? We have at this time reduced infant mortality to 0.65% - the lowest rate in history.[5] Is that "natural?" Clearly, natural is not the issue - as long as unnatural spurs us onward in unbridled proliferation.
What responsibility do we then have to intervene in a pre-human's development? Before we knew better - mothers smoked and drank alcohol during pregnancy, as well as engaging in other kinds of behavior that endangered their "pre-human." Were they committing manslaughter?
To sum up C2 - the conditions under which mothers might be required to act or required not to act are deeply fraught and obscure. The viability of any given zygote is quite low. My opponent coined the term "pre-human" to personify the lump of cells that develops after fertilization, but only about 26% of those zygotes successfully implant, and an additional 31% of successfully implanted zygotes are miscarried.[6] That means that about 82% of "pre-humans" will never be humans. I argue then that you cannot murder something that stands less than a 1 in 5 chance of ever having a heartbeat.
C3: Who's morality?
Perhaps the biggest issue (to me) in this debate will be to determine what morality governs these scenarios. If morality is subjective (and my opponent has claimed in the past that it is), then who's to say what conditions apply - and why should someone Else's morality apply to a woman who wants to abort an unwanted pregnancy? In order to win, it seems as though my opponent must demonstrate that one conception of morality is superior to all others, and that it entirely and unflinchingly rules out abortion as a possibility. If he cannot, then he must accept that the subjectivity of morality provides its own justifications for abortion, and the resolution is moot.
My citations are in a comment, due to lack of space.
Con has not shown that a preborn human is anything but a human. Additionally, Con has not shown any reasons to morally justify killing an innocent human being.
My main contention is that it is immoral to kill an innocent human being, innocent meaning having not committed any crime, certainly one not deserving of death. If the preborn members of our species are human (which they are, as I showed in the previous round), then there is no moral justification for killing a preborn human. If you are going to morally justify killing a preborn human, then those reasons must not also be applicable to a born human. Otherwise you would have to reject abortion as immoral, or accept infanticide or some forms of murder as morally justified.
Con has actually used misleading information as to embryonic development. The heart develops during the fifth week of pregnancy, but conception occurs during the third week of pregnancy (the first two weeks are in preparation), so the heart develops after only the third week of conception. [1] Additionally, Con is incorrect about the signs of life. First of all, he misuses fetus (the embryo becomes a fetus after the second or third month of gestation). Secondly, the embryo is growing. This is a sign of life not present in a lump of feces. Dead or non-living things don't grow.
However, this is irrelevant. As we know, someone's heart can stop completely yet they can still be revived, their heart restarted, provided help doesn't take too long. Also, someone can lose all brain activity and still be biologically alive, although the person they were is gone. However, this is much different than a zygote/embryo/fetus because in a brain dead patient, the person will never recover whereas in a ZEF, their biological life is just beginning and they are developing upon the natural path of human development.
To respond to Con's contentions.
C1: Humans establish their moral right to live on a scale of viability.
Con has not successfully established this point. His contention that we are all guilty every time someone we know dies is ridiculous. I am not a trained physician. If someone dies I am not at fault because I don't have the knowledge or training to save them. If I do have that knowledge or training, then I am at fault for allowing someone to die that I could have saved.
If someone has "slackened their grip on life," then we are not morally justified in allowing that person to die (not to mention, Con has not proven that we are). If a person is shot on a battlefield, if the medic chooses not to save him then the medic is at fault for the loss of life. He would likely be court-martialed and sent to jail, losing his job as a medic and probably given a dishonorable discharge.
Doctors are able to reasonably assess an ailment and how much of a chance a person stands of living. They don't give up unless they see there is absolutely nothing they can do. Unless the person, themselves (or someone with power of attorney) says stop giving care, doctors will do all that they can do for that person. Doctors are morally required to do no less.
However, these points are irrelevant since Con is talking about allowing an ailing person to die, and abortion is being the agent of killing another living human.
C2: Foetal uncertainty/action or inaction
Here, Con has created a strawman argument against me. I did not call them "pre-human," I called them "preborn humans." In other words, they are humans simply before the event of birth. They are human from fertilization, as I established in the last round.
In the cases where a blastocyst implants itself in the wrong area, if the woman's immediate life is in danger then it no longer becomes a case of abortion but triage. Both mother and child are in danger but only one can be saved, the one with the greater chance of survival, the mother, is saved. It is not a question of valuing one over the other, but saving the one with the greater chance of survival. All humans are equally valuable -- the preborn human is as valuable as the mother, and you have not shown why it should not be considered less valuable.
In the case of twins, it should be considered on a case-by-case basis. The preborn are not potential humans, they are humans -- they are potential toddlers. If there is only one zygote, we treat it as a human life. If it splits off into twins, then there are now two lives to take care of. It doesn't matter if it has the "potential" to split into twins. If there's only one zygote, there is one human life present and it should be protected.
Additionally, it doesn't matter how many pregnancies end in miscarriage. People die of natural causes. That does not morally justify murder. As such, miscarriages do not morally justify abortion.
In fact, the pro-life position is the only consistent one -- that life begins at fertilization. Pro-choicers come up with many different times to determine if it's a life (e.g. viability, birth, quickening, etc.) But these all change based on the individual. Especially viability, considering that medical technologies continue to improve, the viability of a preborn fetus changes.
C3: Who's morality?
First, I would like to make something clear. What I have said in past debates is irrelevant. People on this site often play devil's advocate so their words could not be used against them without creating a strawman argument.
Secondly, only some truths are subjective. For example, the best ice cream flavor or the best musical style, are subjective opinions. However, morality is objective. Killing an innocent person is always wrong. This is something that most people know. If someone would not feel remorse over killing someone else, they are considered a psychopath and locked away in a mental institution. Killing and innocent person being wrong is an objective truth. It doesn't matter what "subjective opinion" says about abortion.
The preborn are humans from fertilization and killing an innocent person is wrong.
[1] http://www.mayoclinic.com...;
Thank you for your response - a very interesting read!
The primary thrust of Pro's argument is that it is wrong to kill an innocent human. I do not disagree. However, I do argue that this idea misses the point. The whole idea of innocence is based on the idea that the subject is innocent of something - it implies punishment. You cannot punish something that cannot know it is being punished. The idea that one should refer to human grubs as human is equally absurd - should we start calling caterpillars butterflies, right from the beginning as well? There is no test (aside from DNA) that would demonstrate a zygote to be comparable to a human. In the early stages of formation embryos (regardless of the terminology, thanks for correcting me though) possess none of our cognition, senses, or anything that one thinks of when talking about living things. It is more morally correct to terminate something with no awareness than to cause suffering in something that is aware of that suffering.
This is the reason I brought up the brain-dead patient. It is not only the fact that they stand low chance to recover that makes them candidates for termination, it is also the fact that they are unaware. This is a position that many people hold to be morally correct, and if my opponent wishes to negate their opinions and morality he must show that his own view of morality is superior.
I see that Pro has decided to abandon foisting the BoP on me re: proving that the preborn human is not a living human. I think this was wise, as that idea is not necessarily contested and has no bearing on this debate. I ask that readers note that it has been abandoned.
In Pro's refutation he suggests that receiving medical training causes one to be morally required to save strangers lives whenever they may be imperilled. The existence of the term "good samaritan" shows why this is incorrect. Helping a stranger is a mitzvah - it gives one a karmic boost precisely because it is not required. Beyond this I'm not going to respond to Pro's other points, as they don't serve to advance an argument individually. Ignoring them does not represent concession. I refer back to my first paragraph of this round as further explanation of why my first condition remains valid. I.e., it is more morally correct to terminate something with no awareness than to cause suffering in something that is aware of that suffering.
In Pro's refutation he suggests that my argument was a straw man. This seems to be a misunderstanding of what constitutes a straw man argument. In order to be a straw man my argument must have misrepresented his position, which it did not. I did slightly misquote him, and I apologize for that error, but the slight change in phrasing does not alter the representation of his position substantially, and therefore my argument still stands. I.e., regardless of whether or not a fetus is substantively human, you cannot murder something that stands less than a 1 in 5 chance of ever having a heartbeat.
I seem to have touched a nerve in quoting you - I certainly didn't mean to. However, the the multitudes of human cultures and respective mores - as well as this very debate - stand in stark testament to the subjectivity of morality.
I believe that killing is morally wrong because it causes suffering, and making the choice to abort does not cause one to suffer. I know that many other people think that killing is wrong for a different reason - a reason that is linked to Christian belief in a human "soul." In religions such as Islam, adherents believe that some murder is even sanctioned by God. If such a fundamental moral issue as murder can differ based on religious beliefs, then my opponent must admit that morality is indeed subjective.
To reiterate my previous point - why should someone else's morality apply to a woman who wants to abort an unwanted pregnancy (allowed by her own moral code)? If my opponent wishes to successfully affirm the resolution, he must prove that the moral code of these women is inferior to another, true moral code, and that that code entirely and unflinchingly rules out abortion as a moral possibility. I would note that I am not aware of an established moral code for which this is true, so Pro seems to have his work cut out for him in this department.
I wish to thank Con for this debate, and hope that the readers, likewise, consider this an interesting topic of discussion.
Notice that Con has actually agreed with my contention, that it is wrong to kill an innocent human. This should clinch the debate for me, for as we know we are human from fertilization (as I showed in my first argument) and the preborn are innocent. They have not committed any crime, and certainly not one deserving of being put to death for it.
Con has gone off on a red herring. The preborn are innocent of any wrongdoing -- it doesn't matter whether they understand punishment or not, they have not committed any crime. We don't punish them, not due to ignorance of what punishment is, but because they have not done anything wrong. In the vast majority of cases, the mother and father are responsible for the child's creation.
The preborn are not simple "human grubs," but are in fact new, unique human beings (again, please refer to the embryologists from my first argument). Caterpillars should not be called butterflies from the beginning because they are caterpillars. They go through a process of metamorphosis and change into butterflies. But at no time in human gestation does an embryo suddenly go through a metamorphosis and suddenly "become" human. Zygote/embryo/fetus are just stages of human development, as toddler/adolescent/teenager are.
Con would also have us believe that it is more morally acceptable to kill someone in their sleep than to kill them while they're awake because they would have no awareness of it. It would be equally wrong to kill a sleeping person and a person who is awake because you are killing an intrinsically valuable human being. The reason it is morally wrong to kill a preborn human is because they have a future like we do. A braindead person does not have a future as anything. The person they were is gone and will never come back. But a living preborn human is a growing, valuable human being with a future as a living, valuable human being. It has nothing to do with one's morality. The only reason for keeping a brain dead patient alive is because their family isn't able to let go.
(Also, I don't mean to be nit-picky but if someone insists on using the "scientifically correct terms" of zygote, embryo and fetus over "child," I insist on using the "scientifically correct terms" correctly.)
I have not abandoned my argument that abortion is wrong because it kills a living human being. You have just not refuted it yet. In order to prove abortion is morally justified, you must prove that killing an innocent human being is morally justified (which you even admitted to in your opening paragraph last round).
I was indicating that having medical training puts a moral responsibility to save someone in the example you provided (a soldier shot on a battlefield, or someone I know dying). If I have not been trained in CPR or the Heimlich maneuver, I should not attempt to administer these on someone who needs it because I could make the situation worse.
I have already shown that it is not more morally correct to terminate someone with no awareness.
I have already stated the points were irrelevant because in these cases, you are allowing someone to die whereas in abortion, you are acting to take the life of the living human being.
A straw man argument is an argument is an argument you create that I don't hold to, and attack that position. It may not completely be a strawman but you did misquote me and try to use the argument against me. I did not state that the preborn are "pre-human." That would indicate they are not yet human and then become human at some arbitrary point in their development. This was not my argument, so it did substantially misrepresent my argument. My argument is that we are human from fertilization. Not "pre-human" but "preborn humans." In other words, human before the point at which they are born.
Therefore, his argument fails. I have already shown this. Yes, women do miscarry. But humans die of natural causes. This does not give us a right to murder. Women miscarry, but this does not give us a right to commit abortion. As such, I push last round's refutation of C2 forward into the next round. With one addendum, that I meant to include in my argument. It is scientifically incorrect to state that just because a preborn human's heart has not started beating yet, it is not alive or not human. The young human is still developing the heart. In fact, a born human's heart can stop beating and be re-started, and the person survives. They may not be able to survive for long with the heart, but they can survive.
A person's body is not truly "dead" until its cells stop communicating with each other. This is why a brain dead patient can still continue to grow. Before the heart develops, the zygote/embryo is still a living human that develops itself from within. It is not yet dependent on the heart for survival because it has not yet reached that point in its development.
You haven't touched a nerve in quoting me. I was just showing that my words in previous debates cannot be used against me in this debate. This debate is what matters. For example, peoples' beliefs evolve and even if I had believed in subjective truth in the past, I may have rejected that in favor of objective truth now. As such, what matters in this debate are my arguments in this debate.
The question of whether an embryo/fetus can feel pain is academic. First of all, if your argument for abortion is that the unborn don't suffer, then you must be against abortions after 20 weeks because 20-week-old fetuses feel pain. [1] Also, whose suffering are you talking about? Abortions affect not only the mother, but the father who may have wanted to keep the child. What about others in their life which may be emotionally distraught that she had an abortion? Additionally, what of the fact that the person you're killing doesn't get a choice as to whether to live or die?
Not all killings cause pain. I already used the example of killing someone in their sleep. But what if you poison someone? Or use a method that kills instantly without causing pain? Does that become morally acceptable?
Many people are against abortion because they believe in an immortal soul, but it's not essential to the pro-life position. There are pro-life atheists.
My opponent still has not proven that killing an innocent human being is wrong (in fact, he admitted that it is). It doesn't matter what our respective moralities are. It is commonly accepted that killing an innocent human is wrong. Con has not given an acceptable reason that killing an innocent human in utero is morally justified while killing an innocent human outside the womb is not.
[1] http://discovermagazine.com...;
As it is the final round, I will simply be reaffirming my positions as previously stated.
It seems that Pro has misunderstood or merely mischaracterized my position - so I will attempt to make it as clear as possible.
Pro states that the debate should be "clinched" for him, as I have not claimed that it is right to kill innocent humans. I will quote myself: "you cannot punish something that cannot know it is being punished," and "humanity or lack thereof is not necessary to provide moral justification for its termination." I refer further to my previous arguments:
"I do not claim that zygotes are not potential humans, but I do claim that those who have already struggled into the world have more of a claim on life than a pile of cells with a squidge of DNA"
"82% of 'pre-humans' will never be humans. I argue then that you cannot murder something that stands less than a 1 in 5 chance of ever having a heartbeat."
For these previously established reasons, it does not matter whether or not it is wrong to murder the innocent - that is not what is contested. What is contested is the conditions under which one must be considered human for moral purposes - not scientific ones. As I indicated previously, these qualities include cognizance, self-awareness and feelings, as well as the ability to make choices. These qualities exclude sleeping people,[5] but include those in persistent vegetative states - which, again, is why I brought them up - and early stages of pregnancy.
Pro claimed that cellular division (growth) and respiration are adequate signs of life, but again I remind the reader that these same qualities apply to dog crap. Organisms within feces are breathing and reproducing, but we would never consider a moral obligation to them. Again, the argument over whether a zygote is human or not is merely semantic, and has no bearing on the outcome of this debate. In some respects it must make sense to refer to them as human, but that sense does not necessarily apply to moral obligation any more than in the case of feces. I, as well as many others, consider the conditions of one's existence to be substantive, rather than the terminology by which we refer to them. Some people's moral ideologies do determine the morality of abortion based on that terminology, but certainly not everyones - which brings me to my next point.
Pro states that "it doesn't matter what our respective moralities are. It is commonly accepted that killing an innocent human is wrong. Con has not given an acceptable reason that killing an innocent human in utero is morally justified while killing an innocent human outside the womb is not."
However, I have continually been discussing some main points of Pro-Choice ideology over the course of this debate. If my arguments have not convinced Pro personally, that is alright, and I am not required to convince him by the terms of this debate. As I stated earlier, "the onus is on me to demonstrate that there do exist moral justifications for abortion, and my opponent must demonstrate that there do not." In satisfying my burden, it is not necessary for me to show the falsehood of commonly accepted ideas - that is the burden of Pro, my opponent, who must "demonstrate that there do not." As for Pro's contention that I have not "given an acceptable reason that killing an innocent human in utero is morally justified," I would ask the reader to refer back and see whether or not I have spent the majority of this debate giving exactly those sorts of reasons - reasons which define the differences between a human in utero, and one ex utero (if you will). It is irrelevant whether or not Pro finds my reasons "acceptable." What is relevant is that I and many others find those reasons to be ample moral justification for abortion - so I have indeed shown that there do exist moral justifications for abortion, satisfying my burden.
In contradiction to Pro's notion of morality as "objective fact," the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines morality is
1. descriptively to refer to some codes of conduct put forward by a society or,
It is the merest truism to state that there exist societies, groups of people, and individuals that feel that abortion is morally defensible in many cases. For instance, The National Abortion Federation [1], Pro-Choice America, [2], and Planned Parenthood [3], as well as the 1973 Supreme Court of the United States of America.[4] Even the Hebrew Bible discussed circumstances under which abortion is morally acceptable, in Numbers 5:11-31.[6]
While I disagree with the Bible's proposition that abortion should be used as a punishment, it still stands as another of many examples of abortion-accepting moralities. Pro's idea of "objective truth" may represent his personal view, but it is not the same as morality - which is a formally defined concept. In light of this, Pro's "objective truth" should not be considered in determining the outcome of this debate.
Pro has additionally failed to even mention my twice stated point, that he "must demonstrate that one conception of morality is superior to all others, and that it entirely and unflinchingly rules out abortion as a possibility." As I stated, "if he cannot, then he must accept that the subjectivity of morality provides its own justifications for abortion, and the resolution is moot."
The fact that he has failed to address this marks the barest proof that he has not affirmed the resolution. To reiterate, as Pro has not - in any round of this debate - demonstrated that a single morality exists by which abortion is considered indefensible,[7] then he has failed to prove that abortion is morally indefensible. His attempts to characterize this debate in other terms have been refuted, but this most evident requirement stands untouched by him. By the terms set out at the start of this debate, Pro has lost.
The fact that I have succeeded in demonstrating that there exist many moral justifications or abortion marks just as clearly that I have negated the resolution. I have given substantial evidence that early stage in utero humans differ from those post-birth, and that many people hold that evidence as moral justification for abortion. By the terms set out at the start of this debate, I have won.
Thanks for reading our debate.
[5] As in the straw man "Con would have us believe that it is more morally acceptable to kill someone in their sleep..."
[7] Which is of course clearly impossible to begin with..
As this is the final round, I will not make any new arguments. I will simply refute the remainders of Con's arguments.
I have not misunderstood his position. I have simply shown that it does not morally justify abortion.
Con did, indeed, claim to agree with me. I will quote him: "...it is wrong to kill an innocent human being. I do not disagree." If you don't disagree with this statement, you agree with it. This idea does not miss the point, especially since Con did not offer any compelling reasons that it is morally justified to kill an innocent human being in the womb rather than outside.
I have already defeated Con's statement that you cannot punish something that cannot know it is being punished, and that humanity is not necessary to provide moral justification for abortion. If the child in the womb is an innocent human being, and it is wrong to kill an innocent human being (as Con does not disagree), then the humanity of the unborn is necessary to provide moral justification for its termination.
Con's statement that fertilized blastocysts that are miscarried will never be humans is simply incorrect (as I have shown in my original argument -- we are humans from fertilization). Additionally, he has not shown why someone who is in the world (in other words, born) has a high claim on life than a human zygote or blastocyst in the earliest stages of human development.
Con has never, up to this point in the debate, actually made a claim that we should not consider a preborn human to be anything other than human (despite the fact that biology clearly shows we are). He has not indicated that cognizance, self-aware and feelings are necessary. These are new arguments. The only qualification he gave was that killing born people is wrong because they suffer, but I have already shown why killing a human is wrong. Not all dying people suffer, and the preborn can feel pain past 20 weeks in the womb. What really matters is that abortion kills an innocent human being.
I will briefly tackle Con's new arguments.
It seems to me that Con's arguments, cognizance, self-awareness and feelings, can be summed up in sentience. Preborn humans, while not exhibiting signs of sentience under some peoples' definitions, are members of a sentient species. In fact, toddlers who are out of the womb are less developed than adults. They have a very limited cognizance of their surroundings. They are constantly learning, and that learning doesn't stop.
These qualifications actually don't exclude sleeping people, and it wasn't a strawman argument. While we are asleep, we are not aware of our surroundings (in fact, when we sleep we often think we are somewhere else). People who die in their sleep don't suffer. They have no feelings, and they are not cognizant of the world around them. If Con's qualifications were correct, they could also be used to justify killing someone in their sleep, or in a coma in which they have a good chance of recovering from.
Con claims that the qualifications for life are present in dog feces, but then goes on to talk about the organisms dwelling on those feces. So clearly the qualifications for life actually aren't present in the feces. Con's argument here fails. The bacteria that dwells on the feces is not inherently valuable, as humans are. Humans are much more complex and simply by virtue of being human should their right to life be respected and protected.
The argument over the humanity of a zygote is not semantic. They have human DNA, and everything reproduces after its own kind. Dogs have dogs, cats have cats, and humans have humans. At no point in a human's development do they go from being non-human to being human, and Con has not shown that they do.
Actually, Con seems to not be up on Pro-Choice ideology. In fact, sophisticated Pro-Choicers, such as Peter Singer and Judith Jarvis Thompson (who came up with the famous analogy of the violinist), admit the full humanity of the preborn (see my first round argument for Peter Singer's words). They have more sophisticated arguments for abortion that don't argue against the humanity of the preborn, which is obvious. In fact, Peter Singer takes the Pro-Choice position to its natural conclusion and supports infanticide.
Con has not satisfied his burden of proof, that abortion is morally justified. He has not given sufficient reason to kill a living human in the womb that can't also be applied to a living human outside the womb. If he cannot bring himself to support murder of certain individuals, he has given no reason to kill people with similar circumstances inside the womb.
As a matter of fact, it was I who first gave the conditions of victory. Con, in his first round, vaguely indicated that arguments about morality would play a part, but it wasn't until round two that he decided to define what my conditions for victory would be. I have satisfied my burden of proof in showing that it is not morally justified in killing a living, preborn human by the standards set by Con.
The verses from the Hebrew Bible that Con quotes are irrelevant. The problem is that children were a huge deal to the Israelites, so for a woman to become barren (which was the real punishment) was to make her basically an outcast. And if preborn children do go to Heaven (as there is good Biblical reason to accept this), then to have the woman miscarry would not be a punishment for the child miscarried. It was not an abortion-accepting morality. God is the giver of life, and only He has the right to take it.
Con's contention that I must demonstrate that one conception of morality is superior to another was added post hoc to my statement that for Con to win, he must show that it is morally acceptable to kill an innocent human being.
Con has not successfully refuted my position, that it is wrong to kill innocent human beings. That was my argument from the start because Con did not make his argument clear from the beginning. He has not given any reasons to support killing a preborn human that could not also be used to kill a human outside of the womb.
Con has not satisfied his burden of proof, and I have satisfied mine in spades. Please vote Pro.
7 comments have been posted on this debate. Showing 1 through 7 records.
It's possible I didn't catch it, but could you please point out the round and arguments you made for cognizance, self-awareness, and feelings?
[4]Shubin, Neil. Your Inner Fish. http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk...
[5] Census data: http://www.google.com...
[4]Shubin, Neil. Your Inner Fish. http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk...
[5] Census data: http://www.google.com...
3 votes have been placed for this debate. Showing 1 through 3 records.
Vote Placed by NewCreature 6 years ago
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Reasons for voting decision: con did not have ANY moral arguments. added new arguments in the last round.
Vote Placed by KRFournier 6 years ago
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Reasons for voting decision: Con brought up sentience too late, and the focus on subjective morality meant I could essentially use my own subjective morality to decide who was more convincing. Argument to Pro. Conduct to Pro for Con adding new arguments in last round.
Vote Placed by SuburbiaSurvivor 6 years ago
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Reasons for voting decision: Conduct goes to Pro since Con cited false information about a embryo devleopment. Con didn't really make much of an argument for why abortion is morally acceptable, and for the awareness argument Pro's refutation was thorough. Sources to Con though. He used more sources and better ones.
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All : Villas : Condos : Homes | Rentals : For Sale | New Listings : New Construction
4395 Gordon Dr
Port Royal, Naples$13,475,000
Built by London Bay Homes, this two-story, waterfront grand estate home is designed with a second-floor master suite and private balcony to maximize water views overlooking Cutlass Cove, the southernmost point of scenic Gordon Drive in Port Royal. Fully furnished by Romanza Interior Design, the home features a study, wine cellar, elevator and a second-floor loft with morning kitchen. The model's open floor plan features a spacious great room and adjoining kitchen and dining area. The…[Read More]
110 Dominica Ln
Barefoot Beach, Bonita Springs$12,975,000
Rarely available direct Gulf front home in Barefoot Beach with elevated pool and spa. New construction with completion date in 2019. Only the finest materials can be found throughout, including porcelain tile & wood flooring, custom cabinetry, exotic level stone countertops, private elevator, and double VIP guest suites. Kitchen features 48" gas range, large island with breakfast bar, walk-in pantry, and high end appliances. The master suite offers stunning views & includes sitting…[Read More]
3163 Gin Ln
Port Royal, Naples$12,950,000
H.11469 This grand estate home with wide water vistas across Hidden Bay, features a floating dock to accommodate vessels up to 70' and direct access to the Gulf of Mexico (no bridges). The lushly landscaped and manicured front yard with inviting driveway help set the stage for what awaits inside the home. The floor plan is designed to meet every need of the most discerning buyer. Your eyes are drawn immediately through the floor-to-ceiling sliding glass walls to the sparkling blue…[Read More]
860 Nelsons Walk
Port Royal, Naples$12,500,000
Introducing the Harbour Hideout, a truly incomparable new transitional style retreat in Naples' finest luxury waterfront community of Port Royal. Penned by award-winning Jon Kukk and meticulously constructed by Refined Builders, the home has been designed to maximize the property's oversized characteristics and ideal southern exposure. The 6 bedrooms and study with 7 full bathrooms flow well with the timeless motif and are accented by hand selected finishes from Lisa Kahn.…[Read More]
205 South Lake Dr
Olde Naples, Naples$11,800,000
Discover the meaning of luxury living at the lakeside paradise of "The Beach House" in the heart of Old Naples. This enchanting residence, steps from sugar sand beach, offers an impressive 12,000+ sq ft of indoor and outdoor spaces. The plan merges both an open and formal concept. The home features Legno Bastone wide plank floors, beamed ceilings, custom trim work and 10' impact windows & sliders. The chef's kitchen has custom cabinets, Sub-Zero & Wolf…[Read More]
1351 Spyglass Ln
Port Royal, Naples$9,995,000
New construction, this superbly crafted, waterfront property, with a coastal contemporary design, embodies the entertaining lifestyle of Port Royal. Encompassing over 6,800 square feet under air, the sought after open floor plan, transitions seamlessly to an expansive outdoor living space complete with both covered and uncovered seating areas, complimenting the pool and spa, summer kitchen and fire feature. The kitchen boasts double islands with beautiful, eco-friendly quartz countertops, Miele…[Read More]
900 17th Ave S
Aqualane Shores, Naples$9,850,000
H.13122 - With only a short time left to fully customize the finishes, this is a rare opportunity to purchase a home designed by John Kukk, built by the renowned A. Vernon Allen, and with gulf access for under $10M! Scheduled for completion in the 1st quarter of 2019, this home sits on a southern facing lot, toward the end of the street, with no bridge access to the gulf. There will be 8,147 square feet of air conditioned living space, 5 bedrooms with 2 master suits, a theater room, an…[Read More]
1875 Gordon Dr E
Aqualane Shores, Naples$9,200,000
Outstanding pre-construction opportunity. Situated on Aqua Cove offering wide water vistas while still affording safe harbor for the avid boater. Just two blocks to the beach and an easy stroll to the coveted 3rd St. S. shopping and dining district. Only the finest in materials, mechanicals and construction methods that have become the hallmarks of BBA Development Inc. Completion scheduled for spring of 2019.
325 Kings Town Dr
Port Royal, Naples$9,100,000
Remarkable new Coastal Modern inspired retreat from renowned architect Jon Kukk and brought to life by legendary AVA Builders. With over 7,700 square feet under roof the estate is ideally situated on Lantern Lake and mere steps to the sugar sand beaches and world class amenities of the Port Royal Club. Full concrete construction and high efficiency systems provide peace of mind. Relaxed living at its best offering a large master wing with his/her baths, generous guest suites, and free flowing…[Read More]
2211 South Winds Dr
Aqualane Shores, Naples$8,975,000
Recognized and featured by numerous publications across the U.S. and Europe for its sleek design and meticulous attention to quality and detail. 2211 breaks all boundaries and has become one of the area's most recognized iconic, European-inspired architectural homes. The three-year build, from conception to completion, encompasses groundbreaking products sourced from around the globe. Engineered to cantilever over its own private lake, the home feels like it floats with water views…[Read More]
375 Kings Town Dr
Port Royal, Naples$8,650,000
A Classic and Sophisticated architectural masterpiece is being crafted by AVA Builders and designed by Kukk architecture on this half acre corner location. Less than 2 blocks from the prestigious Port Royal Club with world class beach service and amenities including tennis, spa, and fitness training. Built to the exacting standards of AVA, and an interior being commissioned by Lisa Kahn Designs is sure to impart a refined yet casual elegance and will connect with the outdoor features by large…[Read More]
333 Gulf Shore Blvd S
Olde Naples, Naples$8,250,000
Pre Construction Pricing on this stunning 5896* Sq. Ft. Under Air, 7953 Sq. Ft. Total…home located in the heart of Olde Naples. Just 2 homes from the Beach and 2 Blocks to 5th Ave S This home will feature exquisite interior finishes, Five Full Bedrooms Including 2 Master Suits, Den, Loft, 5 Full Baths 1 Half Bath, Elevator, Extensive Pool complex with spa, Outdoor Kitchen and Bar, Outdoor Fireplace and Lounge.. Full 3.5 Car Garage with access for 2 of them off the rear Alley. South…[Read More]


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Do you want to remember or do you want to forget? What if you had that choice?
Not only was I pleasantly surprised by this film, I was actually blown away. What starts out as a crime film about robbery turns into something much deeper. We are taken off the beaten path into the dark recesses of the subconscious mind. Think Vanilla Sky meets Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, and you have Trance. The preview alone does not do it justice.
The movie starts out action packed as Simon, played by James McAvoy, tells us the in's and out's of how to deal with art theft at an auction gallery. The paintings at these auctions are worth millions upon millions of dollars. The art of art theft takes a lot more technology in this present day than it once did in the past. But it still takes muscle and it still takes nerve. Don't be a hero. No piece if art is worth a human life. But Simon doesn't follow his own advice and suffers a brain injury at the hands of one of the thieves.
This head con-artist, Frank, played by Vincent Cassell (who I absolutely love), realizes that his own scam was scammed when he discovers that he didn't steal the prized painting after all. Simon, of all people, was involved in the heist and can't remember what he did with the painting due to amnesia. Hypnosis is their only option for answers. So we meet Dr. Elizabeth Lamb, played by the stunning Rosario Dawson. Dr. Lamb has her suspicions about the real reason why Simon is there to see her. She confronts Simon, tells him that she can help him and then tells Frank that she wants equal status in the group for what she is about to do.
Simon is an easy subject. He floats in and out of trance with ease. But it is not as easy to get the exact location of the painting. Repeated attempts prove fruitless, but these scenes are so cool as we are brought into these surrealistic mind-trips. After so many attempts, it is hard for Simon to decipher imagination from reality. He becomes paranoid and obsessed with Elizabeth.
The character development is really amazing in this film. Simon is a character we feel sorry for, but wonder what his motives are for hiding the painting, or even if he did. Simon's spiral into madness is very convincing, while still holding on to his innocence, or so we hope to think. Elizabeth wants to help (and also shows some full frontal nudity). She is strong, sexy and mysterious. But with unclear motives we ask ourselves if she could she be a master manipulator, taking control of all these men without them even realizing. The internal struggle the audience goes through is just as significant as the internal struggles on screen.
With so many questions it is hard to tell where this film is going to end. It could take off in so many directions. The direction it takes is so shocking, so depressing, and so unexpected. I get goosebumps just thinking about it. Greed, money, love, power, control, and revenge- the emotions are overwhelming. It is actually one of the biggest twists I have seen on film, or multiple twists I should say. The subconscious can hold deep, dark secrets. I felt the same shock and heartache I felt when watching Vanilla Sky for the first time. I 100% recommend this intelligent, powerful, and haunting film.
©Doom-Generation.com Movie Reviews for the Sublimely Weird


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The VividTM E95 is a premium 4D cardiovascular ultrasound system designed to help you reachnew heights of care efficiency and effectiveness.
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4D Auto AVQ automatically segments, aligns and quantifies the aortic outflow tract – vital to device sizing and orientation for TAVI/TAVR procedures.
Facilitate complex procedures You can move smoothly through your work, with tools that help to simplify and reduce scanning time. Additional tools include 2-click crop, Biplane prepare and 4D views.
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text: I'm getting error 001 can anyone help? I have version 4.1 and i used the tutorial simplistic mod guide. 4.1U with cioscorp v3.4 and preloader .29. everything went fine. All games are working without any problems except Mario Kart gives error 001. Does v3.5 fix this problem? Can I install over 3.4 with out any other steps. Is anybody having problems play any other games with v3.5? I found this if you do get the #001 error, burn the game onto a DVD+R (NOT DVD-R) and BOOKTYPE it to DVD-ROM. This will tell the Wii that it is a DVD-ROM disc and it will load fine. But my burner will not let me change booktype is there something else I can do to get mario kart to play thru the disc channel. So i have : a Ntsc wii 4.1U cIOS38 r14 cIOScorp 3.4 Preloader0.29