text:
Get yahoo email account
Outlook email setup - Office SupportPreview the latest news, email, weather, Facebook and more at your.This wikiHow teaches you how to create and set up a new Yahoo email account from scratch.Before closing your account, there are some important things you need to do.
Email Hacked? 7 Things You Need to do NOW - Ask Leo!Sign up for free email with unlimited storage from Yahoo Mail.
Can't Get into Yahoo Email - Yahoo Help Community
Personalize your inbox with vibrant themes and organize your mail the way that makes sense to you.You can also create a Yahoo Business Email account and select from one of two plans bundled with many features, including a custom domain.How To Create New Yahoo Account WebPro Education. Loading. How to Get Back Your Old Yahoo Email Account - Yahoo Email Services - Duration: 5:33.About Us Terms of Use Privacy Policy Copyright Policy AdChoices.This encryption extends to your emails, attachments, contacts, as well as Calendar and Messenger in Mail.File away important messages or keep track of emails you need quick access to.Our two-step import feature allows you to add contacts from your Facebook account or other email providers like Gmail or Outlook, making it simple to switch email accounts.
Email Account Popular Articles How to Create a Fake Disposable Email Address in.He holds a Bachelor of Arts in professional writing from the University of New Mexico.No need to take any tension iGurus Yahoo customer service team is available here for your help.Customize with an array of color options including darker, modern shades to bright, bold themes.Change your Microsoft account email address Sign in to your Microsoft account to change the email address associated with your account.Help for Yahoo Account Select the product you need help with and find a solution.
Quickly preview your Microsoft Office attachments (Word, PowerPoint and Excel) and Adobe PDFs right on your message view.
How to Set Up a New Email Account With Yahoo | It Still WorksIn the Contacts section, click Import Contacts and select the provider you want to import your contacts from: Facebook, Google, Outlook, another Yahoo account or upload a.csv or.vcf file.
Business Mail by Yahoo | Get a professional email address
To create a new Calendar, simply click on the gear icon next to Calendars.Best in class Yahoo Mail, breaking local, national and global news, finance, sports, music, movies and more.
Tips On Getting Your Hacked/Stolen Email Address BackHow to Get Back Your Old Yahoo Email Account - Yahoo Email. help you to getting back your old yahoo email account.Our message toolbar and quick actions makes it simple to sort, mark, and delete emails in a few clicks.
Customize the layout, how you sort, and how you preview your messages under the View menu.Create your Google Account Name First name First Last name Last. You can use letters, numbers, and periods.
Yahoo email account passwords stolenWith Yahoo Mail, our Compose lets you create and enhance your message with beautiful link previews and formatting options.He is a technical writer for information technology and product development.Decide the best way to keep track of your work with Tabs or Recents.
You can help train the filters by clicking on the Spam button every time you encounter unwanted emails in your inbox.With Yahoo Calendar, you can create calendar entries by clicking on the time and date when the event will be occurring.
How do I add or remove an email address from my accountYahoo Calendar has the tools you need to help manage and organize your busy schedule.Easily attach photos or documents from your computer by clicking on the paperclip icon, or from your Flickr or Dropbox by clicking on the drop-down menu.Your Yahoo Mail account gives you access to many features, including inbox folders, 200 mail filters, POP mail, forwarding and extra email accounts.
How to access my Yahoo accounts without still having the
Mail account with access to all email and folders is easy in Outlook.Some people use their Calendar to manage their personal appointments, their work and school schedules, and their family events.Your Yahoo Mail account gives you access to many features, including inbox.Your folders are always accessible, making it easy to find what you need, when you need it.How to Create a Personal or Business Yahoo Mail Account Complete Tutorial for. of opening the email account. a Personal or Business Yahoo Mail Account.Both plans support POP mail protocol, website customization, email security, multiple accounts and 24-hour customer service.Yahoo Ad Free Mail In addition to the features available with a Standard Yahoo Mail account, Yahoo Ad Free Mail accounts remove all graphical and text ads from your Yahoo Mail account, and your account will never expire due to inactivity.


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Shower Stall Splash Guard
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As noun
a brief fall of rain or, sometimes, of hail or snow
Also called shower bath
a bath in which water is sprayed on the body, usually from an overhead perforated nozzle (showerhead)
the apparatus for this or the room or stall enclosing it
a large supply or quantity:a shower of wealth
a party given for a bestowal of presents of a specific kind, especially such a party for a prospective bride or prospective mother:a linen shower; a baby shower
a fall of many objects, as tears, sparks, or missiles
air shower
showers, a room or area equipped with several showerheads or stalls for use by a number of people at the same time
As verb (used with object)
to bestow liberally or lavishly
to deluge (a person) with gifts, favors, etc
:She was showered with gifts on her birthday
to bathe (oneself) in a shower bath
As verb (used without object)
to rain in a shower
to take a shower bath
As Idioms
send to the showers, Baseball
to replace (a pitcher) during a game, usually because he or she is ineffective: The coach sent him to the showers after he walked three batters in a row
to cause (a pitcher) to be replaced in a game, as by getting many hits off him or her; knock out of the box: Two home runs and a line-drive double sent her to the showers
As noun
a compartment in a stable or shed for the accommodation of one animal
a stable or shed for horses or cattle
a booth or stand in which merchandise is displayed for sale, or in which some business is carried on (sometimes used in combination):a butcher's stall; a bookstall
carrel (def )
one of a number of fixed enclosed seats in the choir or chancel of a church for the use of the clergy
a pew
any small compartment or booth for a specific activity or housing a specific thing:a shower stall
a rectangular space marked off or reserved for parking a car or other vehicle, as in a parking lot
an instance or the condition of causing an engine, or a vehicle powered by an engine, to stop, especially by supplying it with a poor fuel mixture or by overloading it
an instance or the condition of causing an airplane to fly at an angle of attack greater than the angle of maximum lift, causing loss of control and a downward spin
Compare critical angle (def )
a protective covering for a finger or toe, as various guards and sheaths or one finger of a glove
a chairlike seat in a theater, separated from others by arms or rails, especially one in the front section of the parquet
As verb (used with object)
to assign to, put, or keep in a stall or stalls, as an animal or a car
to confine in a stall for fattening, as cattle
to cause (a motor or the vehicle it powers) to stop, especially by supplying it with a poor fuel mixture or overloading it
to put (an airplane) into a stall
to lose control of or crash (an airplane) from so doing
to bring to a standstill; check the progress or motion of, especially unintentionally
to cause to stick fast, as in mire or snow
As verb (used without object)
(of an engine, car, airplane, etc
) to be stalled or go through the process of stalling (sometimes followed by out)
to come to a standstill; be brought to a stop
to stick fast, as in mire
to occupy a stall, as an animal
As verb (used with object)
to wet or soil by dashing masses or particles of water, mud, or the like; spatter:Don't splash her dress!
to fall upon (something) in scattered masses or particles, as a liquid does
to cause to appear spattered
to dash (water, mud, etc
) about in scattered masses or particles
to make (one's way) with splashing:He splashed his way across the pool
to move (logs) by releasing a body of water from a splash dam
As verb (used without object)
to dash a liquid or semiliquid substance about
to fall, move, or strike with a splash or splashes
(of liquid) to dash with force in scattered masses or particles
As noun
the act of splashing
the sound of splashing
a quantity of some liquid or semiliquid substance splashed upon or in a thing
a spot caused by something splashed
a patch, as of color or light
the act of splashing logs
water released, as from a splash dam, for splashing logs
a striking show or impression
As Verb phrases
splash down, See entry at splash down
As verb (used with object)
to keep safe from harm or danger; protect; watch over:to guard the ruler
to keep under close watch in order to prevent escape, misconduct, etc
:to guard a prisoner
to keep under control or restraint as a matter of caution or prudence:to guard one's temper
to provide or equip with some safeguard or protective appliance, as to prevent loss, injury, etc
to position oneself so as to obstruct or impede the movement or progress of (an opponent on offense):The linebacker moved to his right to guard the end going out for a pass
to protect (a piece or a square) by placing a piece in a supportive or defensive position relative to it
As verb (used without object)
to take precautions (usually followed by against):to guard against errors
to give protection; keep watch; be watchful
As noun
a person or group of persons that guards, protects, or keeps a protective or restraining watch
a person who keeps watch over prisoners or others under restraint
a body of people, especially soldiers, charged with guarding a place from disturbance, theft, fire, etc
a close watch, as over a prisoner or other person under restraint:to be kept under guard
a device, appliance, or attachment that prevents injury, loss, etc
something intended or serving to guard or protect; safeguard:insurance as a guard against disasters
a posture of defense or readiness, as in fencing, boxing, or bayonet drill
either of the linemen stationed between a tackle and the center
the position played by this lineman
either of the players stationed in the backcourt
a piece that supports or defends another
a low card that is held with a high card of the same suit and that enables the holder to save the high card for a later trick
a railroad conductor
Guards, the name of certain bodies of troops in the British army
As Idioms
off guard, unprepared; unwary:The blow from behind caught him off guard
Also, off one's guard
on guard, vigilant; wary:on guard against dishonest merchants
Also, on one's guard
stand guard over, to watch over; protect:The dog stood guard over his wounded master
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subset: commoncrawl


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Tips on Selling your House to Buying companies
If you are thinking of selling your house to property buyers, then you are about to make a wise decision. It is okay to be hesitant for the first time because the concept might be new to you. However, with the right information, you can sell your house to property buyers effectively. If you have a house in Columbus, we are looking to buy Columbus houses for cash. The main goal should be able to avoid falling into scams and getting the right price. Sometimes if the deal is too good, take a step back and reevaluate the company. Selling a house through cash buyers is fast, and it will save you all the stress involved in selling your house on your own.
Selling your house
Personal evaluation and assessment
Before approaching a cash company, you can do your evaluation and assessment. This will keep you informed of the price that you are likely to get for your house.
This is a good way to avoid prices or being cheated to accepting a lower price. The earlier you know the price range for you house the better it is for you.
Find a genuine company
Not all companies that claim to be property buyers are genuine. There are still fraudsters hiding in the company. It is important to do you due diligence before you settle for a given company.
Ask for their credentials and ask for the contacts of the past clients. This is a good way to be sure that they can be trusted with your property. It is always good to be safe than sorry.
Negotiate the pricing
Property buyers are in business just like you and they will always strive to give you the lowest price possible. This doesn't mean that you should just accept it blindly.
It is always advisable to do your negotiation and make sure that you get the highest price possible. If you have good negotiation skills, then you are likely to get a better deal.
Get a legal advisor
Most of the property buyers will have their legal advisors, and you should also have yours. You want someone who can explain to you all the legal jargons and make sure that you are on the same page with the property company. You don't want a case where you sign an agreement that you don't understand.
Take some time
Selling property through a property buyer should be fast, but that doesn't mean that you should be rushed through the process. Take your time until you are confident about the whole process of selling your house.…


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If you'd like to send cards of support to seminar participants, please go to our seminar calendar and click on the location of the seminar they are attending. There you will find the address of the hotel or offices where the seminar is being held. For hotels, please address the envelope to the hotel, ATTN: Wings Seminars. For seminars at Virginia Garcia offices in Hillsboro, send cards to Virginia Garcia, ATTN: Eric Oslund/Wings, P.O. Box 6149, Aloha, Or 97007. It is best to mail the cards so they arrive the same week as the seminar. If you have any questions, please email Dawn at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Contact Us
(541) 683-8540


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|1,331 sq ft
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 - 14 nights
This spacious unit was remodeled in 2013 and has incremental updates every year since that time. We offer two bedrooms, two bathrooms, three balconies and spectacular views of the pool, gulf and bay. At 1331 sq ft, this is among the largest two bedroom units available on the beach.
New appliances, including washer and dryer in the unit. Walk out to hot tub, pool and beach. Cross the street to the private tennis courts and boat dock. The weight room is on the first floor as are gas grills and tiki huts for entertaining.
Walking distance to restaurants, tiki bars, movie theater, boat rentals, bicycle rentals and shopping. Most people who stay here come back year after year. When it's time to relax, this is the place to be.
The common pool area at Island Winds was recently transformed with the addition of an entry rock feature and infinite aqua-pool deck. As our guest, you will have access to beach and pool toys stored in a private storage area.
Check out the best on Ft. Myers Beach!
Note: Please be aware that between December 15 and April 30 each year there is a 14 day minimum stay. May 1 through December 14 the minimum stay is 7 days.
My family had been traveling to Florida from the Chicago area for years. Eventually my parents retired here and my brother and sister followed Mom and Dad to Florida. Instead of moving to Florida after college, my wife and I 'turned right' at the Gulf of Mexico and ended up in Texas - a two year adventure that turned into 35. Our Grandchildren are in Texas so we will be here for some time to come.
We both love our family in Florida and hope you will enjoy the Island Winds as much as we do. We both love to bicycle on the beach and visit the many eating and music venue's close by. It is fascinating to watch what I think is the most beautiful part of Ft. Myers Beach constantly transform as mother nature continues to grow the beach behind our building.
Katherine Dixon purchased this condo in 2013
We wanted our Grandchildren to have the same opportunity I had to build great memories of such a beautiful place as Ft. Myers Beach. With my brother and sister (and their respective families) in the Ft. Myers area choosing Ft. Myers Beach was a 'no brainer'.
We searched up and down the beach for years and kept coming back to the Island Winds. You won't find units larger than ours for comparable price, the amenities are great, as is the location. With Tiki bars in either direction, constant Gulf breezes and the beauty of Ft. Myers Beach you can't go wrong.
What makes this property unique?
* Two bedrooms and two full baths
* Full laundry
* Wifi and Cable TV
* Fully equipped kitchen
* Heated pool, hot tub, private and shared patio's
* Health room with treadmills, weight machine, exercise equipment
* Directly on Beach Trolley line
* Convenient Cabana, water sports and beach bicycle rental
* Two covered barbecue areas
* Two tennis courts, basketball hoops and shuffleboard
* Private fishing dock and boat dock
* Bay-side and Gulf-side family picnic areas
* Assigned, covered parking with additional spaces for guests
* Expansive beach frontage to Gulf of Mexico
* On-site, full-time staff
* Walking distance to restaurants, marina and movie theater
* Keyless entry (no need to keep track of keys at the pool or beach!)
Great condo, very nice pool and great location for restaurants as well. One of the best furnished condo's that we have ever stayed in. Owners very friendly, accessible and accommodating should you need them, although we really did not, other then a few questions before booking. Gulf water is a bit of a walk compared to other places we've stay, but still on beach and not too far for us. We knew going into it that it was the widest part of the beach when we booked so not an issue. Highly recommended and we will be returning.
We stayed from March 31,2018 to April 7, 2018. Our stay on the beach was amazing. The condo was very clean, great location on the beach, beautiful beach and bay views, and we hated to leave. The Dixon's were so easy and accommodating to work with. The condo was stocked with everything! We will definitely be back. Thank you for sharing your beautiful home with us 😊?
This condo was very nice. Everything was clean and modern. It is located close to a little shopping center which made it convenient.I like the covered parking spaces. This area of the beach is beautiful. I hope to stay here again sometime.
My husband and I spent the month of February in this unit, the first couple staying in the unit since the remodeling. The unit was clean, comfortable and made it easy to just sit back, relax and enjoy our stay? The unit was well equipped with everyday supplies and cookware. The three screened-in lanais were all very comfortable with nice views. By far the best location on the beach.
During season, 4 hour catamaran cruises to Key West.
|Cleaning Fee
|Refundable Damage Deposit
Coordinate late arrivals and departures with onsite rental office.
Rates May 1, 2015 to Dec 14, 2015 will be $1099 per week.


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Large format outdoor screens at Heathrow Terminal 2 designed, built and installed by Ajar Technology
Ajar Technology interconnects people and their worlds through smart tech. Our solutions stack includes control room environments, large format digital media display, physical security, cyber security and smart building and home automation. Partnering with best-in-class vendors and the end user, our solutions portfolio continues to evolve as clients transform business processes with digital technology.
Our expertise
Our expertise is reflected by our family of sub-brands. Protect, Control, Smart, Media, Design and Innovate communicate what we do in the provision of tech solutions: from cyber and physical security to control room environments; from digital transformation to display media; from smart building automation to turnkey consultancy and design.
"The Heathrow Control Centre (APOC) will be transformational for how we work. I'm delighted it is now operational and we are bringing everyone together like this.JOHN HOLLAND KAYECEO London Heathrow Airport
Who we work for
Public Sector
Ajar Technology has 12 years' track record servicing the tech needs of the public and bluelight sectors.
Private Sector
Cutting edge system design and integration across the aviation and transport industries and beyond.
Property Industry
Smart tech, systems automation and security in the residential and commercial property space.


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- Home
- Accessories
- Bedding
- Queen
- Aldis White Queen Coverlet Set
Roll Over image to zoom
Aldis White Queen Coverlet Set
Product Description
Clean and crisp with a classic look, this coverlet set transforms your bedroom into a luxury hotel suite. Machine-quilted basketweave design adds just a hint of pattern, ensuring this otherwise simple look is anything but basic or boring.
Product Features
Product Features
- Made of cotton sateen with polyester fill
- 210-thread count
- Machine quilted
- Set includes 1 coverlet and 2 standard shams
- Imported
- Machine washable
Product Reviews
Write Review


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pair wooden boxes
Stock details
RefID : t230
Pair vintage wooded boxes (think they're 30's) originally held a microscope (again I think) but now only hold air.
Price is per box.
Size (approx):
(width x height x depth)
0.0cm x 0.0cm x 0.0cm
0.0in x 0.0in x 0.0in
Please contact us for a personal delivery quotation, and to make sure this item is still available before you travel.
All sales are subject to our Terms and Conditions


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The Randwick Art Society, the first Art Society in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, was founded in 2009 to promote Art, and local awareness of Art, in the community. We are a not-for profit association of artists and crafts people. Each year we hold an Annual Exhibition at Little Bay, NSW. For further details Go to Exhibitions.
We are proud to showcase a selection of members' art and craft work here via these slide shows from the recent 5th Annual Art Craft Exhibition held at Prince Henry Centre, Little Bay NSW in March 2014. The art and craft work is organised into four categories.
This Slide Show is titled:
- Awards – Annual Exhibition 2014
Awards (in order of appearance): Best in Show: Alex Snellgrove for ' Sundown Coogee RSL'. Runner Up: Paula Service for 'Clovelly Morning'. Highly Commended: Phil McKay for 'Down D'Aram Street' and Ann Cahill for 'Weightless'. The Inaugural Patricia Reid Prize for Miniatures – Ann Cahill for 'Discovery'. The Friends of Malabar Headland Prize – Margaret Vazey for 'After the Fire 1'.
You can view more art and craft work by our members on other Slide Show pages or on our Members' Gallery page. Our members welcome your enquiries about sales and commissions of their work.


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As you may know or have guessed, I'm deeply interested in not just prayer,
but the idea and power of collective prayer/intention.
That is, the energy that is created when a group holds a prayer or focus together for a time.
While nothing compares to the tangible act of gathering with others in the flesh,
there is amazing power, support and expansion within our online communities as well.
If you had told me that a few years ago, I would've been like, 'yeah, whatever.'
Even though it was a time in which I was also aching for a sense of connection I couldn't put my finger on, and yet couldn't seem to find directly around me.
But the last year and a half has changed my life and my perspective,
and I have formed some of the most profound, inspiring, life-changing, rich relationships of my life
with people who just *get* me (as if we always knew each other), here in this virtual landscape.
It is an amazing time to be alive,
and we are so blessed to live in a time with the abundance
that allows us to explore these connections
with people all over the world, if-when-and-how we choose.
In addition to all of that, I've begun to see a slow, gracious surfacing of interactions and bonding
in my non-virtual life as well,
just by opening myself to the possibility of new avenues toward intimacy and connection.
All of that is exactly why I'm going to begin offering an invitation to anyone interested,
once a month (at least through the rest of this year),
to join me in the creation of an expression of [prayer] art,
in which we all hold a similarly themed idea in heart,
while we contemplate/pray/meditate/connect with our own understanding of a Higher Power.
There's no religion or belief system required here.
No set ritual or dogma or formula.
No required materials to do it right, or prerequisites for participation.
No way to get it wrong.
Just a place, an idea for you to explore in the safety of your own timing and space,
yet with the support and knowledge of others doing the same.
What I see around me, and within me, is that
there are so many *big* issues in the world that we are exposed to via media and our lives everyday,
that tug at our hearts, that we share with others,
that we feel helpless or disconnected or lonely in response to....
and so much power in shifting that energy
to intentional reflection, reverence and creation,
that can replace those more difficult feelings
with a sense of belonging, healing, ease or empowerment.
I am now curious to expand this idea further by inviting others to [pray] and create [together].


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The judgement against Zagreb Archbishop Alojzije Stepinac, who was sentenced in 1946 by the Communist regime to 16 years in prison and forced labour and was stripped of his political and civil rights for five years, was on Friday annulled by the Zagreb County Court that established that the guilty verdict had grossly violated the then and the current principles of the criminal law.
The decision to quash the ruling was explained by Judge Ivan Turudic.
The judge said that the rigged politically-motivated trial against Stepinac, violated the right to a fair trial as well as rules of the law-based state.
Turudic said that it was evident from the minutes of the trial that prosecutorial witnesses had been instructed how to charge the defendant.
Turudic said that the purpose of the trial against Stepinac was to morally compromise him and the Catholic Church.
"His guilt was that he was the Archbishop of Zagreb during the (Nazi-style) Independent State of Croatia," the judge said today.
Earlier this week, spokesman for the court Ratko Scekic told Hina that Stepinac's nephew requested that the verdict against the archbishop be challenged.
Cardinal Stepinac (1898-1960) was the leading person of the Catholic Church in Croatia during World War Two. After the war, Communist authorities charged him with collaborating with the Ustasha regime of the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945), although he publicly denounced the crimes of the pro-Nazi regime and actively helped provide sanctuary for those persecuted. Subsequently, Stepinac spent five years in prison and nine years under house arrest until he died.
In October 1946 the then Supreme Court found him guilty of all charges in his indictment.
In February 1992, the Croatian Sabor adopted the declaration condemning the court decision and the process that led to it. The declaration states that the true reason of Stepinac's imprisonment was his pointing out many communist crimes and especially refusing to form a Croatian Catholic Church in schism with the Pope.


text:
Details about Jill Jones' latest book, Screens Jets Heaven: New & Selected
Poems from Salt Publishing
Jill Jones
The reborn
There's a rumble, an exit storm, though for days the house has been quiet. Two years since he was shot, see outside there, where they planted the olive. She believes he is reborn and she searches faces for his eyes - as if it was a sad accident. That's not what the neighbourhood rides with. We say we got the dirt and maybe it's so. We're the big band of rumour - pow, pow - we got the beat on bruisings and the junk trade, the muscles for pain and the cops wink. All that rap at the corner shop, the kiddy exchanges with smokes, and milk and the headlines. This was always the news about his muscle and deal, but she believes like a mother, like the unforgiving ground as she saw him go down. What is taken, not forgotten. So, easy to talk and so we must, that it goes round, spins and hustles - ching, ching, ching - while she keeps the black watch. We don't touch that and we cannot go with it. Our chorus is banal as the next exit storm when boys roar in, then the gate clangs and they retreat out somewhere. We chime in because we know. And we are doing it again.
The skim
Warnings that I walk through
the hassle at the station
the boredom at the counter
chill before I step down.
The day that is saturated
the harbour that is bruised
wavelands of graffiti
and movements of poetry.
The urging and the following
the exceptions and excuses
knuckles in the pockets
and the yellow curse.
Tunnels that enclose
the languages we swallow
the return that I wait for
whoever got there first.
Windows that are flying
the street that rises slowly
rain shine I walk through
blue breaking up the clouds.
The safety that I pray for
the water of thy skin.


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You've arrived at this page because you're either studying or interested in learning and thriving in your life with essential oils, or perhaps both.
Here, you will find tips for studying, whether you're at school, tafe, university, other tertiary institution or a lifelong learner. Check out the study tips and blog on this page.
Whether you're studying or just want to learn and thrive in your life, there's an oil for you. You may be looking for a natural way to wellness and you may be wanting to support yourself better financially with a flexible opportunity that fits with your lifestyle too. Whichever your reason, you've come to the right place.


text:
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Hamish Watson-Holmes
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Information sought on stolen log splitter in Methven
Information sought on stolen log splitter in Methven
Methven Police are seeking information from the public to help locate a log splitter which was stolen earlier this month.
The log splitter was parked at Methven Auto Services on Main Street and was stolen sometime between Sunday 3 September and Tuesday 5 September.
When stolen the log splitter was mounted on a green trailer frame and "For Hire" was painted in white on the side of the log splitter.
Anyone with information in relation to the theft of the log splitter is asked to contact Methven Police on (03) 302 8200.
Information can also be shared anonymously via Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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WILTON MANORS -- A full-time code enforcement officer in the city could be an unnecessary expense during a tough budget year, according to recommendations in the final draft of a recently completed redevelopment study.
Instead, efforts should first be directed toward developing strong city codes that address property upkeep and rehabilitation, said Ed Anzek, of Darby and Way Inc., the Fort Lauderdale firm that conducted the study.
``If the city prepares and implements a good workable code, then it`s my contention that the immediate problem in Wilton Manors will be resolved,`` he said.
The problem, according to city officials and those conducting the study, is the deterioration of a three-block area in northwest Wilton Manors referred to as Highland Estates.
The study, which was funded through a block grant from the Broward County Community Development Division, was conducted to identify where urban blight was beginning to surface and to develop a plan of action to halt further deterioration.
Among some of the recommendations that were given first priority status in the study:
-- A property-maintenance code-enforcement program.
-- Revised zoning ordinances.
-- Revised sign ordinance.
-- A welcoming packet for new residents.
Anzek said that while the city has a few ordinances that address illegal dumping and control of weeds and grass, none exist that are aimed at conditions such as peeling paint or cars parked on city rights-of-way.
If city officials follow through on plans to hire a community maintenance officer, the job would be full-time for about a year and then it would take less than 10 hours per week to effectively maintain code enforcement in the city, Anzek said.
``Having a code on the books will probably be one of the most effective tools for code enforcement,`` Anzek said.
Mayor Tracy Stafford said he concurred with most of the recommendations, but did not agree with the advice to delay hiring a code-maintenance officer.


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EVALUATING LAND USE METHODS FOR ALTERING TRAVEL BEHAVIOR Final Report for Tasks 1a, 2, and 3 Principal Investigators James E. Frank Gregory L. Thompson January 1996 Florida State University Department of Urban and Regional Planning Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2030 (9041 644-4610 office (9041 644-6041 FAX
DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are res ponsible for the facts and the accuracy of the Information presented herein This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Research Institute Program in the interest of information exchange The U S Government assumes no liability for the contends or use thereof.
'JICtiiOCAL RIPORT STAHDAAD 1m.E PAGE """'No. NUTI93FSU4.1 2. ACQAslon No. 3 Recipient'$ Cmloo No. 4. Tl.,. ""' Sutldi i O 6. Ropcwt Oil$ EVALUATING LAND USE METHODS FOR ALTERING TRAVEL January 1995 BEHAVIOR: Final Report for Tasks 1a, 2, and 3 e. Perrttmi"Q OOdo Aulhot('S. 8. Porformlroo Aopott No. James E. Frank and Gregory L. Thompson 9. Perfotmtlg Org&nlta.IOA fohme eM Address 1 0. Wort Ho. National Urban Transit lnstJtute Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 t t eonvet or OrIIC Ho, DTRS 93-G-0019 12. SpomOtln{l AQtr
Table of Co n ten t s T abl e of Cont ents 0 0 0 0 0 List o f Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i Preface 0 iv Acknowl edgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Abstract vii Int r oduction ...... .......... . . . .... ....... .... . .... ...... 1 T ask One/A ..... . ...... .... ......... ...................... .... 2 Purpose of the Tas k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Task Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 Purpose of the Task . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 Acqu i s i tion and D ecoding of PUMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 T ask T h ree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 Fortu itous Augmentation of Staff Resou r ces at No Cost to the P roject 11 Reconnai s sance of Florida G I S Systems . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Criter i a for Selection of F ield Sit e . . . . . . . . . 12 Sel ection of Test Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Decoding G I S L and Use Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 Acquisiti on of Census STF 3 Dat a . . . . . . . . . . 15 Ex t ract ing S T F3 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Aggreg a t ing L and Use Data to Cens u s Tract Level . . . . 15 Merging STF3 and Lan d Use Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Dem onstration o f F easibil ity of Merging Census Tr ip Data and GIS Land Use Data .......................................... ..... 16 Limita t ions o f Census STF3 Tri p Mak in g Dat a . . . . . . 1 7 REFERE.NCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
List of Figures Figure 1 Trends in Non-SOV Use: Work Trips in Larger SMAs Entire SMA ...... Figure 2. Trends in Non -SOV Use: Work Trips in SMAs Central Cities ......... Figure 3. Trends in Non-SOV Use: Work Trips in SMAs-Suburbs ............. Figure 4 Trends in Transit Work Trips: F lor ida Urban Places ............... .. Figure 5. Trends in Transit Work Trips: F lor ida SMAs 0 0 ii 4 5 6 8 9
Preface This report presents the results of Tasks 1 a, 2, and 3 of NUTI93FSU4, Evaluating Land Use Methods for Altering Travel Behavior. Results of Task 1 b are found in another report, NUTI93FSU4.2. NUTI93FSU4 was conceived originally as a five-year project in which we would contribute to the debate on the degree to which land use variables can influence travel behavior particularly in regard to transit usage. We defined Task 1 as an update of earlier work that examined changing journey to work travel patterns in Flor ida based on the 1970 and 1980 census. The schedule called for the completion of this work during the first year of the study. Task 2 called for the use of the nation-wide 1g90 PUMS to analyze the degree which state-level policy variab les influence modal split. Task 3 called for a case study in Florida in which we would merge county assessor data tapes defining land uses as the parcel level with census STF3 data describing socio-economic characteristics of census t r acts as well as jo urney to work travel behavior The schedule called for Tasks 2 and 3 to be initi ated during year 1 but not completed. Approva l was given for year one of the study in May 1993. At about the same time the Center for Urban Transportation Research (1994) produced the first draft of its own report comparing 1990 STF3 journey to work data with that from the 1980 and 1970 censuses. Their report obviated the need for our Task 1. We then asked and received approval to substitute in Task 1 a project in which we wanted to explain transit r i dership between pairs of census tracts in Sacramento by the quality of transit service between the census tracts as well as variables describing the census tracts. We hoped to contribute to the debate by controlling for transit connectivity from each zone in the analysis to d estinations of importance to transit users. The literature on the impact of such variab l es on transit behav ior d i d not control for transit service level adequately in our opi nion The Sacramento study was approved as Task 1 b, whil e the original Task 1 was renamed Task 1 a. Ill
Acknowledgments This project is made possible through a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Research Institute Program. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. The project team for this study i ncludes: Mr. David Schmitt, Research Assistant, Department of Urban and Regional Planning F lo rida State University Mr. Chris Gray, Research Assistant, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida State University. Both Messrs. Schmitt and Gray are second year master's students in the Transportat ion Planning Specialty in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning Mr. Schmitt, funded by the project, collected census STF dataand wrote computer programs to merge large data sets. The largest of these were the Orange County, Flor id a land use files which he merged with census STF3 files at the census tract level. He created another program to extract desired variables from the merged data base for analysis and he ran trial regressions of journey to work variables against socio-economic and land use variables. He a l so wrote programs that created the data bases for the simulations in the first two drafts of the Sacramento study and collected the data for the analyses of variables explaining transit trip gene r ation potentials. Finally he wrote a program that is capable of uploading the entire one percent PUMS for the nation onto the Florida State University Garnet platfonn and has abstracted a trial set of variables from it for analysis. Currently he is working with Mr. Gray on assembling data sets (inc lu ding setting up Tranplan on departmental computers and running Orlando road and transit networks supplied by KPMG Peat Marwick) for the second year project. Mr. Gray already was funded by a Florida State University Fellowship but volunteered h i s time to the project. He succeeded i n clean in g up the Orange County land use file, which consisted or several million parcels level records, and consolidating it into a census-tract based file that could be merged with STF3 files. He a l so conceived and produced all of the maps for the Sacramento project. Currently, he is designing a research study as his master's thesis that will correct some of the noted shortcomings of the Sac r amento study. He and M r Schmitt are beginning to assemble data and carry out this work as part of the second year grant. We also appreciate work done for Task 1 a and the Sacramento project by departmental research assistant Mr. Chris King. Mr. King was a first year master's student funded by a iv
departmental fellowship. He collected, tabulated, and graphed all of the U.S. census STF3 data presented in Task 1 a of this report, and he collected the first set of 1990 census data for the Sacramento project. Finally, we appreciate the work of Mr. Kevin Denny, a master's student in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning who volunteered his time to the task of cleaning up the Orange County la nd use file. Dr. Mark Ellis, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, los Angeles, also provided the project invaluable assistance in introducing the project team to the literature on Poisson regression and actually performing the first runs on the initia l Sacramento data set. He subsequently has reviewed and commented on the results of other runs Numerous persons have commented on drafts of our work. We would li k e to thank Tom Matoff, Wade White, Alan Horowitz, Susan Handy, and three anonymous reviewers from the Public Transportation Planning and Development Committee of the Transportation Board. v
Abstract This document reports on the first year progress of what was initially conceived of as a multi-year study intended to control for socio-economic, land use, and transit level of service variables in analyzing whether markets exist for transit in suburban environments. Task 1 a summarizes transit trends in Florida. Task 1 b is a trial effort based on Sacramento data to bridge gaps between the urban structure-oriented and the transit level of-service-oriented studies by controlling for both sets of variables. Task 2 involves developing a program to abstract variables from the U.S. Census Public Use Micro Sample for a later analysis of policy variables on transit usage. Task 3 carries out a demonstration of the feasibility of merging of assessor land use files with U S. Census Summary Tape Files 3 for Orange County at the census tract level of detail. Task 1 a reveals general decline i n Florida non-SOV use that mirrors national experience. The decline is not uniform, however, and the trends of transit usage in some urban areas have run counter to the average, suggesting that policy variables might make a difference. In Task 1 b (reported separately) we successfully developed a method to use transit-system generated data to reveal what suburban tracts have potentia l travel demand and which do not, and we analyzed what demographic variables contributed to demand. I n Task 2 we successfully abstracted several trial variab les f ro m the 1990 PUMS data for later analysis. I n Task 3 we successfully merged the assessor's files for Orange County, Florida with the U.S. Census S TF3 files at the census tract level. We then regressed 1990 travel behavior variables against both demographic and land use variables, but we lacked transit connectivity variables for the census tracts. What we have leamed in Tasks 1 b and 3 we will use in a study of the impact of land use, demographic, and transit connectivity variables on transit markets in Orange County, Aorida. This study will be conducted at the traffic analysis level, considerably more disaggregated than census tracts. vi
EVALUATING LAND USE MET HODS FOR ALTERING TRAVEL BEHAVIOR Fin a l Report for Tasks 1a 2 and 3 Introduction Th e salient characteristic of trave l in a decentralizing society Is ever more dispersed trip m ak ing. Users of the census describe this phenomenon in terms of overwhelming preponderance of suburb to-suburb work trips com pared to two other categories : travel within cen t ra l areas and travel from suburb s to centra l areas !Pisarski, 1987; Ros setti a nd 1993; Center for Urban Transportation Research, 1994}. Policy analysts hav e commen ted on such decentralization and its coun t erpart, the decline of central b us i ness districts (CBDs}, since at least the 1960s ( M eyer, Kaln a nd Wohl, 1966}. Policy analysts disagree on how transit systems should respond to such trends. One g roup argues that the suburbt o.CBD and the traditional inner cit y markets, despite their relative decl ines. remain t he only markets where transit can maintain model share (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1987; Jones 1985; Pisar ski, 19921 Others argue that transit should attempt to serve the non-traditional suburb tosuburb markets, because this is whe r e the bulk o f t r ave l demand is. Reasons for transit failure i n these areas are more r elated to poorly thought-out route structures that fail to allow for many -tomany travel than to the nature of suburban physical and social structur e (Thompson, 1977; Washington and Stoke s, 1 988}. The debate over appropriate transit markets has not been resolved, because previous stud ies have not controlled for variables necessary to resolve it. Studies c l a i ming that urban form or variables are o f paramount importance in expla ini ng transit success or failure do not control adequately for transit level of se rvice. Studies conc l uding that transit lev el of service is o f paramount i mportance do not control f or urban form or socio-economic variables. This document reports on the first year prog r ess of a two-year study intended to control for socio-economic, land use and transit level of service variables in analyzing whether ma rkets exist for transit in suburban environments. Task 1 a summarizes transit trends in Florida. Task 2 involves develop ing a program to abstract variables from the U.S Censu s Public Use Micro Sample for a later anal y sis of policy variables on transit usage. Task 3 c arries out a demonstration of the feasibility of merging of assessor land use files with U.S. Census Summary Tape Files 3 for Orange County at the census tract l evel of detail Our study contains another task, which because of its comp l exity is reported separately. Task 1 b is an attempt to bridge gaps between the urban structu re-orie nted 1
and the transit level -of -servi ce-oriented studies by controll ing for both sets of variables. It does so by analyzing transit patronage in Sacramento between pairs of census tracts as a function of how well transit and c:!tli1nect the two tracts, population and job densities of the two tracts, income and transit dependence characteristics of the two tracts, and their design features. Design is measured with census data describing the percentage of households before 1940. The Sacramento study as well as Task 3 of this study are precursors to a more detailed study now und erway based on Orange County, Florida. The Orange County study will use the Sacramento method with a more disagg r egated zone system (traffic analysis zones, or TAZsl. Travel behavior will focus on work trips rather than an aggregation of all travel as in the Sacramento study. By merging STF3 files and assessor's files at the T AZ level with the method that we now have proven to be feasible in Task 3, we will explain transit work trip traffic as a function of demographic, land use, and transit connectivity variables. The following pages report on the status of the work required to fulfill Tasks 1 a, 2, and 3. Task One/A f.urpose of the Task In 1991 the Center for the Study of Population at Florida State University received a contract with the F lo rida Department of Transportation to examine the implications of changing demographic trends on transport ation policy. As part of the contract, the center analyzed reports from U.S. Bureau of the Census Summary Tape Files 3 and 4 (STF3 a nd STF4l for 1970 and 1980 to determine changing trends in journey to work patterns in relation to those of the United States. Task 1 a requires an update of the trends pertaini ng to Florida using tabulations from the 1990 census To a large extent Task 1 a was made redundant with the publication of a publication from the Center for Urban Transportation Researc h (1993), but because we already had completed substantial work on the task, we report the results here. We originally wanted to update the 1970 to 1980 trends to serve as a background for our analyses in Tasks 1 b, 2 and 3, which are intended to develop an understanding of what if any policy variables migh t increase nonSOV use. We anticipated that the compilation of trends in non-single occupant (SOV) use to 1990 would show a continuation of declines noted between 1970 and 1980, as suggested by national trends through 1990 (Pisarsk i, 1992; Rossetti and Eversole, 1993). We felt a need to confirm this as a first step in investigating the feasibility of reversing trends. 2
Results The resu lts of the updates are presented in Figures 1 throug h 5. Fig ures 1 through 3 show trends in nonSOV use in the Florida SMAs that existed in 1970, differentiating between parts of the SMAs. Figure 1 shows trends for the entire SMAs, Figure 2 does so for the central city parts of the SMAs, while Figure 3 does so for the rema inder of the SMAs. As for the United States as a whole, all forms of nonSOV work trips declined in Florida between 1970 through 1980, and the declines conti nued through 1990 for all modes except one, which was working at home. Trends are similar for all parts of the SMAs; what makes the central city parts of the SMAs different from the suburban parts is the significantly greater use of non SOV modes in 1970. What is interesting is that the absolute magnitude of decline in transit use was greatest in the central areas over the twenty year period. Car pooling a lso fell faster in the central areas between 1970 and 1980, but in declined substantially in the suburbs as well as the central areas between 1980 and 1990. Overall carpooling attracted by far the largest share of non SOV use in 1970, but it decreased the most by 1990, with the declines since 1980 particularly pronounced. 3
Figure 1. Trends in Non-SOV Use: Work trips ih L arger SMAs Entire SMA (follows this page} 4
14% ,.. ,., (/) a. ;:: 12% I.e 10% 0 s 8% 0 6% c: 4% .... Q) a. 20' 10 .... Oo>l r> 70 r; ... :r,: : ; : ;.:; : . ::.;:;: Figure 1. Trends in Non-SOV Use Work Tr ips in Laraer.,SMAs Entire SMA Year . . :: . . : liKe. mtr.cl., other work at home car passenger transit
Figure 2. Trends i n Non-SOV Use: Work frips in SMAs Central Cities (figure follows this page) 5
II) 14% c. ;:: 12% 1-..lo:: 1 0 % '""' ... 0 S: 8% lf,r' '0 6% '' ... 4% c:: 2% Q) a. 0% ' Figure 2. Trends in Non-SOV Use Work Trips in SJ\IJAs::.'LCentral Cities bike, mtr .cl., other 1980 . ; Year car passenger
Figure 3. Trends in Non-SOV Uso: Work Tr ips in SMAs Suburbs lfiguro follows this page) 6
(/) .Q.. 14% .... ..... 12% 1Qo/o 0 $ 8% . s' 2 4:: : 1 c 70 ' 2% .... Q) a. Figure 3. Trends in Non-SOV Use Work Trips in SMAs Suburbs Year taxi walk hikP. mtr.cl.,other work at home
Figures 4 and 5 present trends In transit modal share of work trips in different Florida urban places and SMAs, respectively. Figure 4 shows a wide range in transit use in 1970, with the Miami and Miami Beach dominating transit use in the rest of the state St. Petersburg and Jacksonville trailed in a distant second place. Over the ensuing twenty years Miami Beach's transit use fell slightly f o r the first half of the period and more substantially duri ng the second half, whil e Miami's fell substantially over the first half but only slight l y over the second half. Jacksonville experienced modest decline in use between 1970 and 1980 with a catastrophic decline to 1990, while St. Petersburg experienced a severe but more moderate decline than Jacksonville. In contrast, both Ft. Lauderdale and Hollywood (both in Broward County, adjacent to Dade County to the north) exper i enced substantial gains. By 1990 Miami Beach and Miami still led in transit use by wide margins, but the next largest trans i t rid i ng hab i t occurred in Ft. Lauderdale. Jacksonville had fallen to the bottom when compared to Florida's other larger cities, while St. Petersburg had fallen into the center of the pack. Figure 5 shows much the same trends as Figure 4, but entire SMAs are portrayed. Adding the rest of Dade County to Miami and Miami Beach dilutes the more transit oriented parts of the county with lower density more auto-oriented areas, which is reflected in a more than halving of the observed modal share. Dade County still exhibited the largest riding habit I n 1970, however, and whil e it declined modestly from 1970 to 1980, it declined only slightly lower by 1990. The dramatic decline of Jacksonville stands out more in Figure 5. On the other hand, Broward County shows a modest increase. The widely different experience of trends portrayed in F i gures 4 and 5 suggests that policy might infl uence travel behavior, at least at the margin The purpose of Tasks 1 b (reported separate l y), 2, and 3 is to examine policy variables that might i nfluence 7
Figure 4. Trends in Transit Work Trips: Florida Urban Places (figure follows this page) 8
ro C/) ro -c 0 ::2: Figure 4 Trends in Transit Work Trips Florida Urban Places 20% 15% 10 % 5% 0% Urban Place 19801970 1990
Figure 5. Trends in Transit Work Trips: Flor ida SMAs (figure follows this page) 9
-. LO ::J Cl LL '#. ?{!. #-;ft. ?ft. 0 (X) <0 -.t N 0 ...... aJB4S IBPOIJ\J 0 m m ......
transit and other non-SOV use. Task Two Purpose of the Task The purpose of this task was to acquire and decode the 1990 Census Public Use Microdata Set (PUMS) and to extract a subset of the data representing the transportation variables as well as the socio-economic variables likel y to i nfluence trip making behavior at the individual traveler's level. Acquisition and Decoding of PUMS The PUMS dataset was acquired for the entire nation, a set of seven cdroms. The data was recorded in fixed length ASCII records that were decoded i n straightforward, if tedious, fashion. The data contained one alignment problem that presented a challenge. About 40 percent of the records in PUMS had an extra digit recorded in one field that the other 60 percent of the records lacked This presented problems of decoding unti l the nature of the problem was identified Then the problem was solved by a simple program that tested for the extra character upon initial read i ng of each record. Upon detection of the extra character. tha program simply branched to a r ead format that took the extra character Into account. The extraction of the subset of variables from the PUMS cdroms was time consuming in terms of machine time, often taking six to ten hou r s per cd-rom on a 486 microcomputer. The extracted files were then uploaded to a mainframe for consolidation Into a single file. Th is file is approximately 50 megabytes long. Task Three Pyrnose of the T esk The basic purpose of this task was to conduct a pilot project that invo l ved the merging of census data with land use data at a geograph ically disaggregated level in order to assemble a dataset capable to exploring the land use determinants of t ran sit trip making behavior. The i dea was to use the U.S. Census Summary Tape File 3 {STF3) data to produce census tract level data on the trip-making behavior of census respondents in a 10
selected urban area, as well as to produce data describing the socio-economic characteristics of the same resp ondents. These data would be merged with land use data acquired from the Geographical Information System (GIS) of the same urban area, thereby producing a consolidated datafile that contained detailed data, at the census tract level, on transit trip making by census tract residents, the socio-economic characteristics of those residents, and the land use characteristics of each census tract. As potential explanatory variables, that datafile would also contain Information on the land use characteristics of each census tract and the socio-economic characteristics of the population resident in each census tract. Fortuitous Augmentation of Staff Resources at No Cost to tbe Project Although the origi nal project proposal anticipated the firs t year of research dealing only with the acquisition of the STF3 data and the completion of a reconnaissance of the GIS systems in Florida's urban areas, the project's resources were significantly augmented in ways not anticipated in the original proposal, thereby allowing the work on this task to proceed much more rapidly than originally envisioned. This occurred as the result of the donated services of graduate student thoroughly versed in GIS systems and wishing to affiliate with a research environment In order to enhance his research experience. Since that person, Christopher Gray, had been awarded a University Fellowship, it was possible to obtain his donated help at no cost to the project, but at substantial banefit thereto because of his experience with G IS systems. Hence it was possible to accelerate the work program on task two as reilected in the details below. Gray's appo"mtment to the project was additionally fortuitous because it came early in the project year, facilitating a great deal of early work that then could be capitalized upon by the rest of the project personnel hired several months later. Reconnaissance of Florida GIS Systems The reconnaissance of Florida GIS systems commenced by contacting several persons known to be inform ed about GlS i n Floroda and consulting the publication by the Florida Resources and Environmental Analysis Center entitled "GIS Systems in Florida Loca l Governments" (check title). Several county GIS coordinators were contacted to discuss the general status of local government GIS systems in urban areas. At this point inquiry centered on scoping the current status of GIS in Florida, especially with regard to the potential for producing machine-readable land use data files that might be merged with the census STF3 data. 11
Criteria for Selection of Field Site Simu l taneously, the project staff began to evaluate the criteria for GIS site selection that were likely to be critical to the project. Since the fundamental phenomenon of Interest in the research was transit trip behavior, the necessity to select an urban area with a reasonable-sized bus transit system became an obvious minimum. For purposes of the research, it was important to have at least a modicum of transit usage, otherwise the examination of transit trip behavior would be useless. This narrowed the scope of the search to urban areas of at least several hundred thousand people, probably restrictin g the list to Miami, Ft lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Jacksonville, Tampa, St. Petersburg, and Orlando. A second factor that became a critical criterion was the maturity of the GIS systems considered for selection. Since GIS is a relatively new information technology and since the time that it takes to get a basic system up and running can be quite long, owing to the volume of data to be entered, the mere presence os a GIS system development project says little about the operational status of that project. It became apparent that there was considerable variation in the maturity of local government GIS systems across the state, especially in their ability to produce land use data files that were complete in their territorial coverage, well documented with regard to the details of the data, and consistent in their coding. To insure territorial coverage sufficient to encompass much of an entire urban area, especially the geographical limits of the transit network, It was decided that a county-level GIS system in the central county of a moderate-sized urban area would probably suffice, if the system was mature enoug h to have coded the entire county's land uses and to have cleaned the data to the point of being able to release it without undue trepidation about its accuracy As the reconnaissance proceeded and staff thinking on project selection criteria became more focused on the important distinctions, several other considerations had to be evaluated, includin g the issue of whether the GIS system under consideration was well situated to produce usable output files for imp ortation into the research e nvironment in which the project existed. Parallel to that was the consideration, by the research project staff, of how to configure that research environment to be able to process the GIS land use dataset to be acquired. Of course the two issues are very interdependent since the dataset to be acquired must match the processing capability available i n the research proj ect. The issue of whether the GIS site could produced a usable data tape went beyond the evaluation of the status of the land use data in the GIS system, extending to issues of whether the system could undertake custom process in g in order to produce the data needed by the project. An additional evaluat ional element was the question of how long that processing would take in relation to a one-year work program on the research grant. 12
We found that virtually all GIS systems are sufficiently overtaxed with the job of getting each layer of its system entered, cleaned, atiCl debugged that the prospect of having free resources that could be employed for custom programming was effectively nil. All the systems encounte red lacked even a p r ocedure for accepting reimbursement of the costs of custom programming. It became clear at an ear l y date that the prospect of acquiring a custom dataset was out of the question, even if project reso u rces were sufficient to pay for the work, because procedures and resources in county GIS bureaus are s impl y not set up to handle programming requests from external sources The non-customized products that are typically available from GIS systems come in two types : 11 the f i les of the GIS system as they exist, formatted for daily use in GIS system process i ng and 21 ASCII files i n text format, as fil e dumps from the re l ational database system support i ng the GIS software These were evaluated for their utility in the research project. I n the first case, the acquisition of GIS system files the project would need to acquire the specialized computer hardware and software that woul d allow the reading and processing of the GIS files i n the same manner that the host commun ity's GIS system manipulates those same files This option was expl ored with some intensity, as it had the desirable aspect of insuring maximum flexibility in the manipulation of the land use data for aggregation to the census tract level prior to merging with the census STF3 data. That is, by acqu i ring the l and use and other layers of a GIS system in the form suitab l e for manipulation by GIS software, the essential advantage of the GIS technology could ba utilized by the r esearch project I n manipulating the data. Since two GIS software vendors are dominant in Florida GIS systems, those were the two that received most of the evaluative effort by the project staff. For the project to be able to use ARCINFO GIS system files it would have required, at a minimum, the acquisition of the personal computer version of the software, called PCARCINFO, together with several equipment upgrades to accommodate the special needs of G I S systems, including massive disk storage devices, l arge central processor memory expansions, l arge format plotting machines, and high resolution graphics monitors. A second option was the acquisition of mainframe ARCINFO software and the purchase of a small mainframe {mini) computer with appropriate memory, mass storage and output devices. Both of these possibiliti e s were beyond the financial resources available in the project budget. In addition, the evaluation of the option involving the acquisition of the PCARCINFO software was tempered by the discovery that the personal computer version of the software is no longer receiving corporate deve l opment effort, thereby bring i ng into quest i on its workability o n newly emerging persona l comput i ng platforms. For GEOVISION there is no version of the program short of a mainframe version, thereby l i miting project options to the acquisition of mai nframe hardware and GEOVISION software. Th i s would have i nvolved an initia l expenditure of approximately $20,000 for hardware and an unknown amount for acquisition and yearly maintenance of the softwar e. 13
Continued hardware maintenance was an additional expense evaluated. Coincidentally, in the midst of these evaluations, the GEOVISION corporation filed for bankruptcy, adding new uncertainty to the long-term viabil ity of that system. For these reasons, the costs of acqu iri ng and manipulating the formatted GIS files was considered to be much too expensive. The use of ASCII files. while not the most flexible and elegant, turned out to be very cost-effective. It was the option implemented. This Involved verifying that the county GIS system selected had progressed in the development of its GIS system to the po in t at which it had an operational land use layer in its system that could give us parcel-level data showing land use according to a fairly detailed land use coding scheme, parcel size, building floor space, building age, building stories, and census tract within which the parcel was located. Since these are standard dataitems in mature GIS systems, and since we were willing to take them as a simple extract from the GIS database without any manipulation, they could be written to a datatape in ASCII format by a simple query to the database, something achieved by the GIS staff as a routine database dump. The key tci the efficiency of this procedure was our willingness to accept the data at the parce l level the level at which the data is retained in the GIS database system, and being willing to do our own processing to aggregate the data to the census tract level Selection of T Sjte After carefully weighing the several factors in our selection criteria and undertaking the necessa r y verifications of GIS capability, it appeared that Orange County was the best choice. Decoding G I S land Us!! I!lpe The ASCII-coded, parcel-level, land use tape of Orange County consisted of approximately 240,000 records, one for each parcel in the county. The tape was not entirely clean of problems. Some records were mis-aligned and could not be read by a fixed format, Fortran-li ke format statement. A number of records had no census tract number and had to be discarded. A few records had data missing from fields other than the census tract. Dealing with all of these problems was comp li cated by the large number of records in the file, making it impossible to use, for instance, microcomputer spreadsheet programs. The final solution, arrived at through considerable trial and error consisted of reading the tape on a mainframe tape drive, downloading the entire f i le to a personal computer importing the data into a Paradox database program; using the parsing feature to extract 1 4
characters individually and to combine them into their properly align ed fields. In the end, a file of correctly aligned records was obtained, although between five and ten percent of the records lacked a census tract number and had to be discarded. The development of the final solution to the tape decoding problem was the direct result of the tenacity and ingenuity of three very valuable people: Chris Gray, the volunteer research assistant with expertise in GIS systems mentioned earlier in this report: K evin Denny, a graduate student with considerable experience in database systems who volunteered to help out on the tape problem; and Dave Schmitt, our paid research assistant who can program a computer to do just about anything and who contributed key pieces to the so lution. Acquisition of Census STF3 Data The Census STF3 files on cdrom were acquired by the project free of charge from a fellow faculty member who had previously acquired them for his research and who was willing to loan them to this project. We thank Professor Peter Doan of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning for being so gracious. STF3 Data The STF3 data were found to be clean and of high quality. They are supplied on cd rom in DBASE format and also have a census-supplied program, GO designed for extracting the data from the disks. The p rocess of extraction is tedious, because of the way that the files are organ ized on the cdrom; that is similar data items are grouped in one DBASE file for all geographic levels. But extraction of numerous data items at one leve l !census tracts in one county) requires repeated entry of numerous DBASE files Aside from the normal fam i liarization with file structures and record layout, the data extraction was accomplished in straightforward, it boring fashion. Thanks go to David Schmitt, our paid research assistant for that fine work. 8ggregetiog Land Use Data to Census Tract Level The parcel-level, land use data from Orange County's GIS system were aggregated to the census track level by summing parcel size and build i ng floor area for each land use code within each census track and by calculating the mean building age and mean number of stories for structures for each land use code within each census track. Parcel land area, building floor area, building construction date, number of stories, and land use code were 15
the five characteristics for each parcel that had beeh obtained from the GIS database. This created a 130 record file (one for each census tract) with each record having over 800 variables, since the number of land use codes was in excess of 200 and four characteristics (land, floor area, age, stories) were tabulated for each land use code Merging ST E 3 and Land Use Data The merging of the census tract land use file w ith the census STF3 file was accomplished by a C program written by David Schmitt after uploading the two files to the mainframe computer. The use of the ma i nframe was necessitated because the SPSS was anticipated as the statistical package to be employed and microcomputer vers i ons of that program had file-size lim its that would have been exceeded by the size of STF3 extract file. It should be noted that microcomputer statistical processing could have been achieved if we had been willing to aggregate land use codes into coarser subsets of the original 200 plus l and use categories. However, that would have sacrificed the flexibility of being able to tailor the aggregation process after the merging of the STF3 and l and use f i les. Alternatively, it would have necessitated reaggregation and merging if alternate combinations of land use categories became desirable. Since we had e x cellent programming skills in project personnel, it was decided to upload to the mainframe without grouping land use codes and then use SPSS variable recomputation capabilities to combine l and use categories for each statistical run as necessary. Demonstration of FeasibilitY of Merging Census Trip Data and GIS Land Use Data At this point we had a data file for Orange County conta i ning, for each census tract, detai led i nformation on t r i p making by census respondents, together with the socio economic characteristics of those trip makers, and the l and use envi ronment in which those tripmakers lived. Since major purpose of this research project task was to explore the feasibility of merging census and GIS data, it is appropriate to review the lessons learned from that test. The feasibility of acquiring and merging the two types of data to create a dataset capable of fac i litating research into the land use determinants of trip-making behavior has been amply demonstrated to be possible without insurmountable hurdles. It requires a microcomputer with cd rom capability and personnel w ith modest DBASE skills to extract the desired STF3 data from the census files It requires at l east some access to a mainframe computer and ability to program i t to do tape copying and data extracts in order to be able to read the ASCII tape of parcel-level data. But the mainframe capability can be avoided if: 11 the GIS system f r om which the data are being acquired is w i lling to custom 16
program a GIS manipulation that the televant land use data to census tracts and 2) the researcher is willing to work with data representing combined land use codes in order to reduce the number of code categories to a more manageable number. If these two things can be accomplished, then the researcher can expect a dataset with several hundred reco rds (census tracts) and perhaps one hundred fields ( say, twenty land use codes by five parcel/structure characteristics). This size is well within the data matrix limits of SPSSPC and other common microcomputer statistical packages The merging of the two census tract files can be easily accomplished in something like SPSSPC as long as the data matrix size limitation problem is avoided. For those unable to avoid the large dataset size problem or unwilling to work with land use codes that are combined into coarser categories, mainframe processing may be unavoidable. But for most analyses, the collapsing of land use categories to something in the range of 25 to 35 should permit the creation of land use variables of sufficient detail to test most hypotheses about the effect of land use on trip-making behavior. And for many scholars, mainframe access and programming are the staff of life. For those researchers unable to persuade the GIS agency to do custom programming, who therefor are forced to turn to parcel-level ASCII tapes, things will go more smoothly if that tape is requested to be produced in comma delimited format. This will facilitate the resolution of alignment problems using database programs that have the capability of importing delimited files. Limitations of STF3 Trip Making Data It is appropriate to discuss the details of the trip-making behavior data produced by the U.S. Census. Each census respondent is asked to provide information describing their journey-to-work for the previous day, including their mode of travel, their time of departure, the length of their trip, and their destination city/county. It is worthwhile keeping in mind that these data report only work-trips, and only the home-to-work trip. This excludes non-work trips as well as the work-to-home trip. 17
REFERENCES Center for Urban Transportation Research 1993 Florida Demographics and Journey to Work: A County Data Book !Tampa: Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida). Center for Urban Transportation Resea rch 1994 Demographic & Commuting Trends in Florida !Tampa: University of South Florida):33-38. Jones, David 1985 Urban Transit Policy: An Economic and Political History (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall). Meyer, J.R J. F Kain, and M. Wohl 1966 The Urban Transportation Problem (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press):9. Pisarski, Alan E. 1987 Commuting in America: A National Report on Commuting Patterns and Trends (Washington: Eno Foundation for Transportation). Pisarski, Alan E. 1992 Travel Behavior Issues in the 90s (Washington, D.C.: U S. Department of Transportation, Office of Highway Information Management). Rossetti, Michael A. and Barbara S. Eversole 1993 Journey to Work Trends in the United States and its Major Metropolitan Areas, 1960-1990 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Highway Information Management). Thompson, Gregory L 1977 "Planning Considerations for Alternative Transit Route Structures," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 43: 168-168. U.S. Department of Transportatio n 1987 The Status of the Nation:s Local Mess Transportation: Performance and Conditions (Washington: USDOT):46. Washington, Earl J. and Robert W. Stokes 1988 Planning Guidelines for Suburban Transit Services, Final Report (Washington: U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transit Administration). 18
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Evaluating land use methods for altering travel behavior.
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text:
Early Sunday morning Bill Little and I visited Archie Carr NWR in hopes of seeing nesting turtles and turtle hatchlings. As we walked along the beach we saw several people ahead slowly walking toward the water. As we neared them we found them following a small hatchling just entering the water. One of the ladies was Ursula Dubrick a fellow photographer from Melbourne. Ursula was a wonderful resource in learning about Archie Carr. Ursula's photographs can be found at http://www.udubrickphotos.com and she frequently posts on Facebook. As we continued down the beach we spotted a Loggerhead returning to the ocean from her nest. With the sun just rising and blue skies it was a magical moment to watch this exhausted turtle make her way back to the sea.
The loggerhead is the world's second largest turtle with average weight of 180 to 400 lbs and a length range of 28 to 37 inches. They have a wide distribution inhabiting the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Loggerheads will first reproduce around the age of 28 - 33 yrs., and have an average lifespan in the wild of 47 - 67 yrs.
Along the Florida coast the loggerhead nesting season is from May through August. Females return to near the beach where they hatched. They exit the water, climb the beach, and scrape away the surface sand to form a body pit. With their hind limbs, they excavate an egg chamber in which the eggs are deposited. The females then cover the egg chamber and body pit with sand, and finally return to the sea. This process takes one to two hours, and occurs in open sand areas or on top of sand dunes. The average clutch size is 112 eggs.
In the United States, the Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service classify them as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Fishing gear is the biggest threat to loggerheads in the open ocean. They often become entangled in longlines or gillnets. Another major problem for turtles is ingesting floating plastic debris such as bags, balloons, fishing line, etc. It is estimated that as many as 24,000 metric tons of plastic are dumped into the oceans each year.
The following two photos are of the second loggerhead we observed that morning. When we found this lady she was still buried in the sand and sea grasses laying eggs. We could actually see her dropping eggs into the nest cavity before she carefully covered the nest. Here she starts her journey back to the sea.
She finally reaches water and returns to the open sea.
While photographing this lady we did see a third loggerhead returning to the ocean further south from our location. While these were both loggerheads; green turtles also nest along the coast. I hope to return soon and see more of these wonderful creatures.
A big thanks to Bill Little for arranging this trip. Bill can be found on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/BillLittlePhoto and also at http://www.billlittlephotography.com
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Beetles, just as The Beatles, get a little help from their friendsOctober 3rd, 2008 - 11:22 am ICT by ANI
Washington, October 3 (ANI): Just like humans, Beetles too benefit from "friendly" associations, say researchers.
University of Wisconsin-Madison expert Cameron Currie says that adult beetles have a specialized compartment in their bodies that they use to store two other organisms: a slow-growing beneficial fungus that serves as a food source, and a bacterium that produces a unique antibiotic.
Before adult female beetles lay eggs in tree bark, says the researcher, they spread the beneficial fungus and bacteria around the area where they will deposit the eggs.
The researcher adds that the antibiotic from the bacteria prevents growth of the fast-growing competitor fungus without harming the slow-growing beneficial fungus, which continues to grow and provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing beetle larvae.
"There are perhaps 10 million species of insects on the planet. So, if insects associate with bacteria like this more generally, then there''s potentially a huge number of new places to explore," says Currie, an evolutionary biologist.
Lita Proctor, the program officer at the National Science Foundation (NSF), says that this research has important implications for the ecosystems such species occupy.
"It may be that some organisms evolved symbioses (cooperative relationships) as a strategy to give them an advantage over others when competing for resources. These cooperative relationships may be much more common than we thought," said Proctor.
The researchers believe that in-depth study of these interactions may lead to identification of new types of antibiotics or other chemicals that may have agricultural or medicinal uses.
A research article describing the study has been published in the journal Science. (ANI)
Tags: adult beetles, antibiotic, bacteria, bacterium, beetle larvae, beneficial fungus, cooperative relationships, currie, evolutionary biologist, female beetles, food source, journal science, national science foundation, organisms, proctor, research article, rich source, tree bark, types of antibiotics, university of wisconsin madison


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Profile: Mark McClellan - Washington wunderkind
Mark McClellan
Mark McClellan never planned on working in Washington, much less heading the massive Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services."I don't think I ever really had a career plan, at least not one I followed," says the congenial McClellan, who served as CMS administrator from 2004 to 2006.
Those in healthcare are glad he didn't. By virtue of his vast experience in government, the uprooted Texan has become a key go-to person on issues of healthcare and long-term care in the beltway.He is a driving force behind the new Long-Term Quality Alliance, which will examine how long-term care quality contributes to overall healthcare costs.
One take-away from his time at CMS was learning "that the wrong way to view nursing homes is as a separate silo with their own per diem payments," he explains. "Clearly there are lots of things happening in nursing homes that influence health and influence healthcare costs throughout the healthcare system."Long-term care leaders have the highest respect for McClellan, who at only 46 is a bit of a Washington wunderkind.
"In my nine years, there's no [public servant] I think more highly of than Mark McClellan," says Larry Minnix, CEO of the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging.
Not only was McClellan familiar with the issues at CMS, he knew how to bring people together and possessed integrity, recalls Minnix, who began his tenure at AAHSA in 2001.People thought of him as an "honest broker," adds David Hebert, legislative director of the American Health Care Association. "He was accessible, smart and always willing to listen to other people's points of view."
McClellan, who would joke that the rigors of leading CMS put him right to sleep at night, has settled into his job at the Brookings Institution. Not only can he work on the same issues and with the same people, but he also can get home in time to make dinner for his twin daughters, Alex and Ellie, 11.Being a dad "puts things in perspective," notes McClellan, who is divorced. He might work on a "$500 million hospital problem" during the day and then help with homework at night, he explains.
While McClellan never expected to be a big shot in Washington, politics and the law seem to be a part of his DNA. His grandfather W. Page Keeton was a longtime dean of the University of Texas Law School. His mother, Carole Keeton Strayhorn, was mayor of Austin, TX, from 1977 to 1983. And his brothers, Scott, Brad and Dudley, are all involved in politics. He worked with Scott in the Bush administration when Scott was White House press secretary. (Growing up, he and his brothers were competitive—but more on the tennis court than elsewhere.)Going to medical school actually was a way for McClellan to get away from the family business. But after he finished his medical residency, he had an opportunity to work as a political appointee in the Clinton administration, and took it.
Now McClellan, who, besides tennis, loves all things Star Trek, is following the example set by generations before him."My grandfather used to say it's not the dollars you make; it's the difference you make," he says.


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Kylie Jenner Hopes Her Boyfriend 'Is Obsessed' With Her In New 'Life Of Kylie' Trailer: Watch
Kylie Jenner knows what she wants! The reality star confidently admitted that she wants the person she's dating to be obsessed with her in a new juicy trailer for her upcoming show 'Life of Kylie.' Could she be referencing her new beau Travis Scott?
Kylie Jenner, 19, has never been shy about expressing her wants and now the Keeping Up with the Kardashians star is letting her tongue loose in a new trailer for her upcoming E! series Life of Kylie. In the clip, Kylie can be seen saying, "I hope the person I'm dating is obsessed with me," and we can't help but wonder if she is talking in general terms or if her current boyfriend, rapper Travis Scott,25, is indeed obsessed with her. See gorgeous pics of Kylie and Travis here!
Kylie's anticipated new show which premieres in the summer, promises to show the "real" her. It appears to follow the beauty around during various raw moments of her life from meeting fans to hanging out with friends to even getting emotional. With such an intimate documentation, it's no surprise that Kylie's love life will be part of the exciting equation. Kylie and Travis have been spotted getting cozy in public several times since May 2017 after her dramatic split with Tyga,27 and though we're not sure if her new man will make an appearance on her reality show, the pair seem very happy together.
In addition to the start up of Life of Kylie, the reality star has kept busy by continuing to make a name for herself through the release of a highly successful cosmetics line called Kylie Cosmetics and dabbing a bit in modeling. The world seems obsessed with the young starlet so it makes sense that she wants that same obsession in a mate! We'll just have to wait and see the show to find out all the romantic details with her hope of obsession.
HollywoodLifers, what do you think about Kylie's dating hopes? Tell us here!


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Data API
The Data API at https://api.planet.com/data/v1/ is a REST HTTP API interface to Planet's imagery archive. The API supports the following tasks: quick-searching assets and viewing thumbnails of imagery; filtering imagery by location, date, satellite source, cloud cover, and many other attributes; and downloading imagery and metadata in several formats. This reference guide describes the objects and methods that can be accessed through the Data API. It also outlines common workflows for tasks that can be accomplished using the API.
- Item Type: An item type is used to model imagery data sharing schemas and capabilities. An item represents a single logical image.
- Asset: An asset represents a data file available for download.
- Preview: Thumbnails provide previews of the data without needing a full download.
- Search: The Search endpoint enables advanced search capabilities, allowing for the creation and management of structured search objects across items.
- Common Workflows: Examples and instructions on using the Data API to accomplish common tasks such as filtering, activating, and downloading items or assets.
- API Mechanics: Overview of the shared set of mechanics, such as authentication, error handling, and rate limits, across all Planet APIs.
- Changelog: Changes and updates to Planet APIs and services.


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Memphis, TN (SportsNetwork.com) - Kei Nishikori became the first player to win three straight Memphis Open titles when he took down Kevin Anderson Sunday in straight sets.
The top-seeded Nishikori converted three of four break opportunities and won his eighth career title with a 6-4, 6-4 victory.
"(I) played really solid from the baseline and returned really well," Nishikori said. "It feels great."
The second-seeded Anderson, who saved three match points, fell to 2-7 all-time in ATP finals.
Nishikori earned $106,565.


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Long Blue Fish
Long Blue Fish
Dimensions: 21" long x 4" tall x 2" thick. Weighs 2.5 pounds.
I handpainted this long blue and purple fish with acrylics. Marc made it with salvaged cypress wood from the Mississippi Delta. It'll add a pop of color to any wall. Great gift for guys or girls, for housewarmings, baby showers, or a little happy for yourself.
Special Features: This long fish has a blue body, a gold eye, lips, and gill. His tail and fins are dark purple with white stripes. He's painted on relatively smooth reclaimed cypress. He'll hang on the wall or sit upright on a flat surface. I painted his sides to create a multi-dimensional effect. He's a one-of-a-kind, ready to ship.
Hang this fish anywhere--in the dining room, kitchen, kids' room, over a doorway or stairway, in a bathroom or bedroom, covered porch, lakehouse, or wherever you'd like a pop of color and whimsy. One is great. Groupings are even better.
On the back: Marc nailed a notched metal hanger over an inletted drilled circle, so the fish will hang flush to the wall and will balance from a single nail or screw head. You can see the salvaged wood on back. My signature, Christine Schultz, is there, as well.
Care and handling: While these fish are fun and durable, they're not meant as playthings for kids or to hold up outside directly in the weather, (although a covered porch is fine). We're happy to custom make fish. Just ask.


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Gal Gadot will receive the Rising Star Award at the Palm Springs International Film Festival's 2018 Awards Gala.
The 32-year-old actress will be presented with the prize at the ceremony on January 2, for her "universally praised" portrayal of DC Comics superhero Wonder Woman, a role which saw her appear in the titular 2017 movie, 2016's 'Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice' and 'Justice League', which is out on November 17.
Festival Chairman Harold Matzner said: "Gal Gadot's Wonder Woman showed us a strong, capable, poised, curious and compassionate character, and her performance has been universally praised, resonating with audiences everywhere.
"Gal plays the immortal warrior so well, and the film's themes are especially apt for today, empowering all types of people-- women and men, young and old - the world over."
Previous recipients of the Rising Star Award include this year's winner Ruth Negga, Alicia Vikander, Jennifer Lawrence, Scarlett Johansson, Anna Kendrick and Dakota Fanning.
Gadot will no doubt be thrilled she stuck it out working in Hollywood, as she recently admitted before she landed her role as Wonder Woman in 'Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice' she was contemplating returning to her native Israel to study.
She said: 'Before I got 'Wonder Woman', I was thinking about never coming back to Los Angeles, [I thought I'd] stay in Israel, work as an actress here and there, go back to university and do something else."
And the reason the 'Keeping Up With the Joneses' star wanted to opt out of a career in the entertainment industry was because she kept being rejected for film projects.
She explained: "Because there had been so many 'no's.
"You go to the audition and you have a callback, then another callback and then a camera set-up, and people are telling you your life will change if you get this part. And then you don't get it.
"I reached a place where I didn't want to do that anymore."
Tagged in Gal Gadot