text:
From Combi Boilers, to System Boilers and Coventional Boilers, you can choose from top name brands including Viessmann®, with up to 10-years guarantee. Go Heating Repair Aylsham has a range of Gas boilers that are A-Rated for Energy Efficiency and high scoring by Which? Magazine for energy savings.
Go Heating Repair AylshamPhone: 01603 552019
Go Heating services are available from Aylsham:
|8:00 am - 20:00 pm
|8:00 am - 20:00 pm
|8:00 am - 20:00 pm
|8:00 am - 20:00 pm
|8:00 am - 20:00 pm
|Closed - Closed
|Closed - Closed
*The address above is not our office address
You'll get 50% off the Boiler Manufacturers recommended retail price when we install your new replacement boiler, with a range of manufactures including Worcester Bosch, Viessmann, Vaillant and Ideal to choose from. Unlike others, we won't leave you in the lurch when you need you boiler fitted quickly – we can start the installation of most boilers within 48hrs.
"Great customer service. I would have been in despair until I found Go Heating Repair on the internet. At first I thought 'too good to be true' but I couldn't have been more wrong. If only everything in life were that easy – I would recommend Go Heating Repair to anyone."
Alice, West Midlands
Go Heating Repair Aylsham is your totally dedicated local gas boiler replacement specialist, . We are not just any old replacement boiler installer, we are Aylsham's most trusted and best loved local new boiler installers. All our installers are Gas Safe approved for your peace of mind and we can offer a range of manufacturers warranty of up to 10 years.
When you need a reliable and trustworthy local replacement boiler installer in Aylsham, you'd needn't look any further than Go Heating Repair Aylsham, especially when you read WHY we do what we do and HOW we stand out with our famous 100% "No Quibble" Guarantee, that no other local new replacement boiler installer in Aylsham can match this.
Discover HOW we care for you here at Go Heating Repair Aylsham.
YOU get a 100% 'NO Quibbles' Guarantee in Aylsham
Which means no risk to you when choosing Go Heating Repair Aylsham. We want you to be 100% happy and if you are not satisfied with your installation, we won't down tools until you are happy with the installation.
FREE, no obligation, survey at a time to suit YOU in Aylsham.
Which means you get the very best advice on which boiler and what type of installation is best for you at a time convenient for you, during the day, in the evening or even at weekends in Aylsham.
Choose the brand of new boiler that suits you.
Whether you've got your heart set on a Worcester Bosch or Viessmann, or want something cheaper fitted, we've got a range of boilers and brands to choose from.
We only recommend what we'd have fitted ourselves.
We'll only recommend and quote for a boiler installation that we'd be happy having in our home. No other boiler installer in Aylsham promises to do this for you.
Quick survey turn-around from Go Heating Repair Aylsham.
Unlike other's we'll complete a full quote on site and give you a choice of the two best options we think will suit you the best – that way you'll know what the cost of installation is before we leave your property so you can ask any questions you like of the surveyor.
YOU'll never speak to an 'answer machine'
YOU are our No.1 priority, so there is always a friendly person with expert knowledge waiting to help you here at Go Heating Repair Aylsham.
No pushy sales people
We'll give you as much time and space to choose the best option for you. There's no pushy sales people at Go Heating Repair Aylsham – we'll only follow-up with you when you want us to.
Your Trusted Go Heating Repair Aylsham Team
James has been running the Aylsham branch of Go Heating Repair for fifteen years and the company has been in his families hands since 1965. This means they are experts in boiler replacement and of Aylsham. They know their way around Aysham so well that they can be with you in an emergency in no time at all, they also know the people well and can understand easily what you need in a new replacement boiler. There hard work has all been worth it so that you have reassurance that they are the right team for you.
We Can Help You With All These:
- New Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Boiler Aylsham
- New Boilers in Aylsham
- Replacement Worcester Bosch Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Viessmann Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Ideal Boiler Aylsham
- New Combi Boiler Aylsham
- New System Boiler Aylsham
- New Conventional Boiler Aylsham
- New Condensing Boiler Aylsham
- New Energy Efficient Boiler Aylsham
- New A Rated Energy Efficient Boiler Aylsham
We not only help we with all the services on the list above but we also…
- Treat you and your HOME with total LOVE and respect.
- Give you choices on the most suitable boiler installation for you.
- Provide you with top brand boilers with 50% off.
- Fully installed when you want by our Gas Safe Engineers to your satisfaction.
- Re-visit you within a week of the boiler installation to make sure everything is running fine.
- Provide excellent customers service, so if you ever need us we are there for you with up to 10 year guarantee.
This is How it Works…
1. CONTACTContact Go Heating RepairBy phone or email, our local Aylsham Boiler Install Advisors will walk you through your options.
2. SURVEYFREE SurveyIt's 100% FREE! unlike other companies (saving you £150) and there's no obligation to buy.
3. CHOOSEFrom 3 OptionsAll our Aylsham based surveyors are experience gas boiler installers and will always give you a choice of options, so you can choose the best boiler package for your home and budget.
4. INSTALLATIONArrange your Installation DateSelect a date that's suitable for you. We can even install boilers with 48hrs notice.
5. POST-INSTALL CHECKChecking You Are HappyUp to a week after you've had your bread new boiler installed, our an engineer from our Aylsham team will call-in to make sure everything's working as it should and explain any part of the boiler controls that you need us to.
6. SIT BACK AND SAVESave money on your heating billsNot only have you got a great deal on a new boiler in Aylsham, but your new boiler will also save you money on your heating bills.
"I never imagined in my wildest dreams that our new boiler would be as fantastic as this!"
– said almost all our Go Heating Repair customers…
just after we completed their new boiler install in Aylsham!
But where do you start when you need a new boiler in Aylsham? We've put together this guide to help you make the right choice of boiler and installation company in Aylsham for you
What's the real cost of replacing a boiler?
Costing out a new boiler replacement is not easy to do over the phone. There are too many variables, for instance property size, hot/cold water tanks, existing boilers and pipe work. For a closer estimate we recommend asking Go Heating Repair Aylsham to survey your property and discuss your options before giving you a more accurate quote.
Property size is the biggest indicator of price. A single bedroom flat is going to cost a lot less than a five bedroom semi-dettached. This is due to the space that needs heating, how many radiators are needed and whether pipes need replacing. Often bigger homes are older and may need more work to make them compatible than a smaller apartment block. Once again to get an accurate cost we'd recommend having a survey conducted in your property.
There is some good news however as having a new boiler fitted can also help you to save money. By upgrading to a newer, more energy-efficient boiler you can save a lot of cash in the long run. Our friends at The Energy Savings trust estimate that almost one half of your energy requirements are down to your boiler and when you may have a boiler that's a bit passed it that's a lot of wastage. By taking the opportunity to have a newer energy efficient boiler installed you'll be saving a lot more energy, which at the end of the day, saves you money.
When do you know you boiler needs replacing?
Some Go Heating Repair Aylsham customers change their boiler when it breaks down and won't work. But this can cause distress as having no heating or hot water, particularly in the Winter, can be a very unpleasant experience for you and your family.
An engineer can tell you when your boilers passed it, but often you'll see the signs yourself, plus you may not understand their technical jargon. So we've simplified the signs and terms for you below:
Your boiler is beyond economical repair: This is a bit of an industry term and you'll usually hear a gas engineer use the phrase when, in their opinion, it will cost more to repair than replacing the boiler itself. You are at the mercy of a gas safe engineer and their opinion; it might scrape through with a repair this time. But any significant part that need's replacing on a boiler can sometimes be the sign of the boiler being on its way out.
'Boiler Dry-Cycle': This is a problem that affects older homes and boilers. Does your boiler sit in an unusually cold area of your home, like an aring cupboard or attic space? This is what causes 'dry-cycles'. Without insulation around the boiler (or the area it sits in) tricks the boiler into heating up. This happens as the boiler assumes that because its space is cold so is the whole house. It will then start a cycle of firing up when it doesn't need to. That is a lot of energy wasted, a replacement boiler stops this issue and only works when you need it to.
If your boiler has a continuous pilot light: This is a common feature on older boilers and a real waste of gas. All the time the pilot light is lit, its burning gas, costing you more.
Floor mounted boilers are old School: If your boiler is mounted on the floor, its likely to be very old and inefficient. A wall mounted replacement boiler will be more efficient.
Extensions and Renovations: If you making changes to your property, changing your boiler change also add to the value of your property.
Will I really get back the cost of the replacement boiler from savings on my energy bill?
A key decision for most customers of Go Heating Repair Aylsham is; "When will I get payback from my new boiler"? The Energy Savings Trust estimate that for the most efficient new boiler measured against an old boiler, it would be as much as 33% more efficient, and therefore your payback will be within 8 years. The older the boiler, the more likely larger savings in energy bills will be made as technology and energy efficiency in boilers has increase ten-fold in the last 20 years.
What does the law say I need fitted?
Since the change in the 2005 Building Regulations, all newly fitted boilers, whether they be replacement boilers or for new build properties must be condensing, high efficiency boilers. A condensing boiler recycles the heat from exhaust gasses that would normally be released into the atmosphere, making the boiler that much more efficient. There are three main types of condensing boiler to choose from as detailed below.
What Type of Boiler do I need fitted?
There are a choice of four main boiler types that you can have fitted, dependent on your property:
Combination Boiler or 'Combi' Boiler
Combination boilers (or combis) are pretty simple boilers. As their name suggests they are a combination, they heat both your home and your hot water. They can heat the water as soon as you turn the tap which does away with the need of separate hot and cold water tanks. Not only do these save you money, but they also save a lot of space. One of our favourite features is that in the process of heating your water they keep your pipes at a stable temperature and frozen pipes are less likely.
The added benefit of a new combination boiler is that the hot water is delivered at mains pressure, so you should get a nice powerful shower without the need for a separate pump/pressure shower.
The downside of a new combination boiler is the they are really only suitable for smaller properties. Larger houses and properties with more than one bathroom, a system boiler will be required.
System Boiler
System boilers are kind of your condensed boilers. Everything that needs installing or repairing sits inside the unit itself. This makes them quicker to install and much less of a hassle to repair. The only element that doesn't sit inside is the hot water storage cylinder which needs to be housed separately, but that can be a benefit too as we show below.
One of the greatest benefits of these 'all in one' systems is that there is less delay in hot water. Even modern combination boilers have a delay time as they try to heat the water needed. With a system boiler you won't need to wait before running a bath. Another benefit is the hot water storage cylinder we mentioned. Whilst this does need to be stored somewhere it can quite easily be in a airing cupboard, this is great for storing damp clothes instead of putting a tumble dryer on.
These boilers are also compatible with solar water heating systems, which can save you money on your heating bills by heating your water with the power of the sun.
Heat Only Boilers – also know as Regular, Conventional or Open Vent Boilers
Heat only boiler do exactly what they say; They heat your central heating and hot water when installed as part of a heating system together with a hot water storage cylinder, cold water storage tank, plus a feed and expansion tank (which is usually stored in the loft above the boiler to provide a good head of water).
One of the reasons that customers choose a heat only boiler is that they are compatible with older radiator systems. It does away with the need to have your whole pipework and radiators changed to cope with a newer boiler. We would recommend having your system changed anyway, but we understand that for some people this isn't an option. In these cases a heat only boiler is your best option.
Back Boiler
A Back Boiler is a boiler supplying hot water or heating that is built-in behind a fireplace or is an integral part of a gas fire. They are often fitted to a property when space is at a premium as the boiler is fitted into the existing fire-place, rather than taking valuable floor or wall space elsewhere in the home.
Back boilers have been fased out in recent years. This is due to the Builiding Regulations Act of 2005. So at Go Heating Repair we would recommend a more modern combi boiler. These do a better job than the older back boilers, but take up just as little space, which can be important for smaller properties.
What Size of New Boiler Do I Need?
In the very early stages, we suggest that you establish the power you need your new boiler to be. A boiler that produces 24KW is much cheaper than one that produces 34KW to buy and install, but if your boiler can't produce enough heat, you won't have a warm home. This can be a key differential in the quotes you might receive; a smaller Kilo-Watt boiler will be cheaper to install, but might cost you more in the long run in parts as it struggles to heat the property. Likewise, too big a Kilo-Watt boiler will run ineffeicnetly and cost you more money on your energy bills. The Institute of Domestic Engineers has a good online calculator that can workout what size boiler you need. Or you could ask the Go Heating Repair Aylsham surveyor when they visit as they'll be using a similar formula to calculate the size of the boiler you'll need.
What's the Best New Boiler Brand to Go For?
Whilst there are definitely some great brands for boilers out there, they may not be your best option. As usual branded boilers are more expensive as other options but they make up for this in efficiency and reliability. Go Heating Repair will always let the choce fall to you, but we recommend considering a few things before making your choice. Whilst a cheaper boiler will do the job just as well, a branded boiler will add value to your property and last you a long time if you are thinking of staying in your home for a long time. h4>
Most boiler installers will have their favourite brand; the one they like to fit the most because of the price they buy it at and the ease of installing some new boiler brands over others.
If you want to compare boiler brands then we would recommend checking out Which magazine. They have produced an amazing boiler guide that recognises the best boilers on the market. Their top recommendation is the Worcester Bosch, these are great units and probably the most reliable but this comes at a price. This brand s installation is a few hundred pounds more expensive than most models due to the specific set-up guidelines.
One of our favourites that Which cites Viessmann as amongst their top three. These are a German brand of boilers and well manufactured which shows in their durability. Plus they are much cheaper than Worcester Bosch units. This doesn't come at the cost of service however and we find lss than 1% of customers with Worcester Bosch installed experience any further problems.
Of course, at Go Heating Repair Aylsham, we can fit whatever boiler manufacture you want. But do try and avoid anything not made in the UK as Which? have marked some foreign manufacturers, particularly Italian-made boilers, down on reliability. So they might be cheap, but they do breakdown often, costing you more in the long run.
How long a guarantee should I go for?
This is a big concern for all of our customers. It's understandable that when you are having an expensive household item installed that you can have peace of mind. New boilers will often have a manufacturer's guarantee, and the bigger brands have guarantees that go up to ten years. Unfortunately these only cover the boiler themselves and not your homes heating system. Go Heating Repair can offer you our complete boiler cover plan that can cover the whole of your heating system, including every radiator, which makes it ideal for putting your mind at ease.
Call us NOW!
Speak to one of our Boiler Install Advisors to talk through your options and answer any questions you may have.
Lines are open 8am-8pm Mon-Sat
Your Panic is Over – Things to check when you're having your new boiler survey completed.
Whenever you planning to have a replacement boiler, always have a survey completed prior to the engineer giving you a price. Without seeing the property and the existing boiler, its very hard to come up with an accurate price and there is a strong likelihood that the quote won't include everything you need for a successful boiler installation. When you're having the survey completed, we'd always recommend you check and ask the following things with the surveyor.
Get Your Gas Pressure Checked
Always get the gas pressure to the existing boiler measured to make sure its not low. If the gas pressure is low, some boiler installers may not want to carry out the replacement boiler works until the gas pressure is fixed.
Can I have my boiler repositioned?
A side benefit of having a new boiler fitted is the potential to have it moved to a more convenient location. Our engineers will work alongside you to find a new home for your boiler. This may however incur extra cost, but we will clearly outline this.
Do you need to consider replacing the pipes and radiators?
One of the biggest causes of problems in newly fitted boilers is incorrect preassure. New models create more pressure (which will stabilise in time), but this can put pressure on your older pipe work; by having a survey carried out before your install can stop this as coming as a surprise. If they recommend that your pipe work needs replacing then you have the option of having it overhauled or opting for a boiler that will keep the pressure manageable for your pipes.
I dry clothes in my airing cupboard, will I still be able to?
As we have mentioned newer boilers are more energy efficient. This is great for your energy bills, but it does mean a problem for those who dry damp clothes next to their boilers. Newer boilers will not give off as much heat and this means airing cupboards won't dry clothes as well. To fix this Go Heating Repair Aylsham can install a small radiator in your cupboard so you can carry on as you always have.
Are there any building regulations to consider?
Building regulations and legislation have changed meaning that if you boiler was installed some time ago, its likely not to meet current standards. For example, if your boiler is mounted in the centre of the house with the flue going up the chimney, this no longer meets the regulations, and as such the boiler will need a new position on an external facing wall.
Make sure you use a Gas Safe Engineer
Any new replacement gas boiler can only be fitted and installed by a Gas Safe engineer. All Go Heating Repair Aylsham's engineers are Gas Safe approved, our Gas Safe Registration number being 573627. You can check if someone is Gas Safe registered by asking for their Gas Safe registration number, and then visiting the Gas Safe website and to check their registration number if current.
- A new boiler in Aylsham,
- A Replacement boiler in Aylsham,
- An Energy Efficient Boiler in Aylsham,
- A Gas Safe Boiler Installer in Aylsham
Our expert Go Heating Repair team in Aylsham will look after you and do the very best job, without any worries or hassles. It's the little things that often matter the most, which is what our Go Heating Repair Aylsham customers always tell us. So you've chosen Go Heating Repair Aylsham to install you new replacement boiler, what happens next?
When you have made the decision to entrust your boiler install with Go Heating Repair Aylsham we will work closely with you to find the best possible date and time. Don't worry about needing it done in a hurry either; we understand that sometimes the need for a new boiler is sprung upon you. In some cases we can begin fitting a new replacement boiler within 48 hours.
At Go Heating Repair Aylsham we'll fit your new boiler with minimum disruption to your home, taking care to cover carpets and other surfaces with dust sheets, and tidying up afterwards.
It's always good to make sure the area where the boiler is being fitted is clear and that you meet our local Aylsham engineer at your property before the installation starts just to go through the finer points of the work.
If it's a straight swap, it shouldn't take longer than a day. Once the boiler is installed, we won't leave site until you are happy and we've fully explained how the new boiler and its controls work.
- Replacement Worcester Bosh Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Viessmann Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Vaillant Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Ideal Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Main Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Potterton Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Alpha Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Glow Worm Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Baxi Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Glow Worm Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Vokera Boiler Aylsham
- Replacement Baxi Boiler Aylsham
We are locally famous as the most trusted and best loved replacement boiler installers in Aylsham and we are also famous for helping you with:
new boiler Aylsham, new boiler price Aylsham, new boiler quote Aylsham, new boiler costs Aylsham, replacement boiler Aylsham, replacement boiler price Aylsham, replacement boiler cost Aylsham, replacement boiler costs Aylsham, new Worcester Bosch boiler Aylsham, replacement Worcester Bosch boiler Aylsham, Worcester Bosh boiler price Aylsham, Worcester Bosch boiler cost Aylsham, new Viessmann boiler Aylsham, replacement Viessmann boiler Aylsham, Viessmann boiler price Aylsham, Viessmann boiler cost Aylsham, new Vaillant boiler Aylsham, replacement Vaillant boiler Aylsham, Vaillant boiler price Aylsham, Vaillant boiler cost Aylsham, new Ideal boiler Aylsham, replacement Ideal boiler Aylsham, Ideal boiler price Aylsham, Ideal boiler cost Aylsham, new Baxi boiler Aylsham, replacement Baxi boiler Aylsham, Baxi boiler price Aylsham, Baxi boiler cost Aylsham, new Glow Worm boiler Aylsham, replacement Glow Worm boiler Aylsham, Glow Worm boiler price Aylsham, Glow Worm boiler cost Aylsham.
We can help you with all of the above new boiler and replacement boiler installs in Aylsham – Go Heating Repair in Bimringham are here to help you today!
Your Trusted Go Heating Repair Aylsham team.
The moment we leave you property isn't that last you'll hear or see from us. Once the boiler is installed, we register it with Gas Safe and the manufacturer to make sure you meet any legal requirements and are covered by the manufacturers guarantee/warranty the moment your new boiler fires into life.
Up to 7-days after your new boiler has been installed, our area manager will make a visit to your property to make sure everything's working fine with your new boiler and the heating controls have been fully explained.
If in the future you have any problems, we'll be on hand to make sure they are fixed quickly with minimum fuss. We operate 7-days a week and are based in Aylsham, so we are never far if you need our help. That's why 9 out of 10 customers recommend us – we'll never let you down in your hour of need.
Give us a call, so that you can experience the Go Heating Repair Aylsham service first hand.
We'll get to you in a jiffy and we just know you'll love our Go Heating Repair team in Aylsham and the amazing service they offer.


text:
Mercer helps funds improve member outcomes, to achieve their financial goals and ultimately create incomes for life.
Mercer is trusted by the world's leading organisations to solve the most complex issues, across all industries.
Through Mercer, our clients have access to unmatched scale, data driven insights and a tailored team approach. They can tap into our network of 1000 investment specialist in 43 countries, enjoying same-day access to global financial markets, the best fund managers and diversified portfolios that consistently outperform.
Most importantly, Mercer's research is informed by more than 10,000 investment strategies globally. This fuels an unparalleled breadth of ideas and data that helps our clients drive different outcomes, better results and stronger financial performance.
Mercer helps funds improve member outcomes, to achieve their financial goals and ultimately create incomes for life.
We work with many of Australia's largest investors and offer clients of all sizes unparalleled scale, specialisation, solutions and support.
Innovative and traditional solutions to help people improve their retirement readiness, achieve financial security and generate incomes that last a lifetime.
A multi-award winning investment option designed to protect Australians against longevity risk, so retirees can live the retirement they want.
Think long terms to achieve sustainable investment growth in the future, taking account of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors.
Our single sector and diversified multi-manager funds incorporate Mercer's best ideas on asset allocation, investment manager selection and operational efficiency.
We help wealth managers effectively serve their clients through access to our global scale, local expertise, investment tools, research and advice.
Our specialist team and tailored research, advice and investment portfolio solutions address the specific needs of our not-for-profit clients.
Comprised of both actuarial and investment professionals, our specialist team work together to deliver tailored,industry-specific solutions for insurers.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Deacon's Corner:
As we close out the Octave of Easter we should reflect on how the disciples responded to their loss of daily intimate contact with Jesus. We hear over and over again how fear and doubt invades their hearts and minds when Jesus is seemingly absent. Something similar can happen to us if we have meet Christ more intimately in our Lenten Journey and experienced the depths of Christ's Love in the Triduum and eight day celebration of Easter concluding today with Sunday of Divine Mercy. While Easter continues on for another 7 weeks we could, without proper planning, fall back in fear and doubts that preceded our Lent. Jesus left his Word, Deed and Body to maintain intimacy and peace even when physical separation happens. He instructs the community of disciples to remain in close contact with each other and in prayer as they await the Spirit. The Spirit of Christ is the completion of God's gift to us and changes our relationship from God outside to God within so there is no degree of separation possible except of our own making. Use these next 42 days to prepare a larger place for the Spirit to reside in the heart of your soul building off the work you did in preparing for Easter as we move to Pentecost..
Feb 7 - Ash Wednesday is three days away! Hopefully you have had the chance to use this period of Ordinary Time to consider how you might effectively use the Disciplines of Lent (prayer, fast and almsgiving) to grow in the interior life. Each of today's readings tells us of a person's spiritual transformation after realizing that they were distanced from God. The distances vary but in each case there is an honest confession made as well as a conscious decision, with the help of God's grace, to change one's life!
Our Gospel story tells how Peter cleaned out the boat making room for Jesus. He accepted Jesus desire to enter his boat and trusted in Jesus Word to fill the boat. In his astonishment Peter then demonstrates his willingness to intentionally walk away from the boat and build a new life in the service of Christ.
In the few remaining days before Lent, use this Gospel to consider where you hope to be in relation to Christ when Holy Thursday arrives. Will your boat have more room for Jesus? Will you be re-board and cast away from the shore; possibly even going into deep? Seeing the astonishing love and mercy of Jesus towards you during Lent, will you be able to walk away from life as you now live for a new and deeper life in Christ. Begin your Lent with the intention to become more desirous of Christ and more in control of those desires which separate you. I wish you a most transformative Lenten experience!
What should I give up for lent?
Lent is the perfect time to form new life-giving habits and abandon old self-destructive habits. But most of us just give up chocolate. Then, when Easter arrives, we realize we really haven't grown spiritually since the beginning of Lent.
Lent is not just about giving things up, like chocolate. Lent is about doing something - something bold to become a better husband or wife, father or mother, son or daughter, friend, neighbor, etc. Do something life-changing! Sign up for Dynamic Catholic's Best Lent Ever email program that will take you on a 40-day spiritual journey to encounter Jesus—and yourself— in a deeply personal habit of daily prayer.
Sign up today at DynamicCatholic.com/BestLentEver
In my last homily I spoke of the threefold spiritual life expressed by John the Baptist: penitential, contemplative and active. Think of each one as a leg on a three legged stool. While it is possible to sit on a stool with two legs and maybe even one; it is far less stable and significantly more difficult to maintain balance. In other words, the likelihood of falling off the seat is far greater with two and nearly certain with only one leg to hold you up.
In the Gospel for today and for the next two Sundays we see Jesus progressively manifest to the world in a threefold way, suggesting to me the strength provided by each leg on the stool. Jesus who is God has no need for a stool yet he manifests the penitential leg humbling himself in the form of a slave. As a result of this greatest act of humility the world has ever seen, the whole world is now drawn to God. Next Sunday the Word who became flesh will manifest the contemplative leg revealing the Father in heaven by focusing us on the Word Amongst Us made more open by Baptism. Finally, on the third Sunday the active leg is manifest, despite an expression of un-readiness, in the face of the obvious and critical need of others.
As we begin this new calendar year look at your stool to see if all three legs are attached and whether the legs are equally measured to provide the greatest balance and stability in your life. If not than make a New Year's resolution to repair the stool.
Today and for the next two Sundays our Gospel readings focus on the last and greatest prophet of the Old Testament and the first person to recognize Jesus as the coming Messiah in the New Testament. John the Baptist, who instructs us today, has been living a monastic life dedicated to scriptural study, voluntary poverty and aesthetical practices in the area of the Dead Sea. Some 30 years prior, this same John leapt in his mother's womb when he first encountered Jesus who was in Mary's womb. The close encounter with Christ and the later dedication to a contemplative lifestyle prepares John for the active ministry he now embarking on.
Luke's reintroduction of John is a contrast with the "who's who" of the rich and famous of the day. These are the folks one would anticipate announcing the messiah's arrival but their desire for power and pleasure not only blinds them to the fact of Jesus presence but makes them antagonistic towards God's plan. John on the other hand, removed from the distractions of this world, not only sees clearly but acts definitively to do God's plan and invites us to do the same.
Advent like Lent is a time of preparing ourselves 'day by day… to see God's plan more clearly, love God more dearly, follow Christ more nearly, day by day'. This is a perfect time to reflect on whether we are blindly approaching Christmas the way the culture expects or by contrast are preparing the way of the Lord through scriptural study, asceticism, voluntary poverty and the active ministry of evangelization.
Pope Francis was asked by reporters on his way back from his Papal visit to South America earlier this year why he only speaks to the issues of the poor and not those of the struggling middle class. He said they had a good point that he would have to consider in the future. To date I have not heard him speak to this point and I am grateful that he has not based on Jesus teaching in today's Gospel. Jesus shows the disciples and us wealth disparity not in terms of things but in terms of attitude toward things, exposing the dangers of being possessed by our possessions. The issues of struggle for the middle class concern "the anxiety of having enough" which is always just a bit ahead of us. In today's Gospel the scribes are representative of the middle class who in their attachment to things have lost their attachment to God. The widow presents the perfect disciple who by giving from her want makes herself totally dependent on God and therefore totally detached from things. The problem we face in the New Evangelization is convincing our friends and loved ones that the anxiety they experience will only be cured by detaching from the need for more goods and attaching to the desire for more God. This is the real struggle of the middle class!
Deacon Dennis Donahue


text:
Research October 2017 | Volume 125 | Issue 10
Longer-Term Impact of High and Low Temperature on Mortality: An International Study to Clarify Length of Mortality Displacement
1Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
2School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
3Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
4Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
5Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
6Environmental Health Sciences Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
7Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
8Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
9Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
10School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
11Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
12Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
13Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
14Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
15School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
16School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
17Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
18Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
PDF Version (739 KB)
- Background:
- In many places, daily mortality has been shown to increase after days with particularly high or low temperatures, but such daily time-series studies cannot identify whether such increases reflect substantial life shortening or short-term displacement of deaths (harvesting).
- Objectives:
- To clarify this issue, we estimated the association between annual mortality and annual summaries of heat and cold in 278 locations from 12 countries.
- Methods:
- Indices of annual heat and cold were used as predictors in regressions of annual mortality in each location, allowing for trends over time and clustering of annual count anomalies by country and pooling estimates using meta-regression. We used two indices of annual heat and cold based on preliminary standard daily analyses: a) mean annual degrees above/below minimum mortality temperature (MMT), and b) estimated fractions of deaths attributed to heat and cold. The first index was simpler and matched previous related research; the second was added because it allowed the interpretation that coefficients equal to 0 and 1 are consistent with none (0) or all (1) of the deaths attributable in daily analyses being displaced by at least 1 y.
- Results:
- On average, regression coefficients of annual mortality on heat and cold mean degrees were 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 3.1] and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) per degree, respectively, and daily attributable fractions were 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.3) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.4). The proximity of the latter coefficients to 1.0 provides evidence that most deaths found attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses were brought forward by at least 1 y. Estimates were broadly robust to alternative model assumptions.
- Conclusions:
- These results provide strong evidence that most deaths associated in daily analyses with heat and cold are displaced by at least 1 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1756
Received: 10 February 2017
Revised: 25 September 2017
Accepted: 26 September 2017
Published: 27 October 2017
Address correspondence to B. Armstrong, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK. Telephone: 0044 (0)20 79272232. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1756).
The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.
Note to readers with disabilities: EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact email@example.com. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.
Supplemental Material PDF (276 KB)
Supplemental Code and Data Zip File (9 KB)
Note to readers with disabilities: EHP has provided a 508-conformant table of contents summarizing the Supplemental Material for this article (see below) so readers with disabilities may determine whether they wish to access the full, nonconformant Supplemental Material. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.
Supplemental Table of Contents PDF (102 KB)
In many locations worldwide, daily time-series analyses have identified adverse associations between daily mortality and temperatures that are toward the hot and cold ends of the temperature range for each location (Gasparrini et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2014). Many of these analyses employed distributed lag models (Armstrong 2006; Schwartz 2000) that discount mortality displacement or harvesting (Zanobetti et al. 2000) within the lag interval, typically 2–3 wk in recent studies. However, they cannot identify the extent of displacement of mortality beyond this period. Such displacement may be quite short, for example, just a few months. The uncertainty about this makes it hard to estimate the actual life lost to weather and thereby judge the priority that should be given to public health policies to reduce those excesses.
One way to clarify the extent of mortality displacement due to the acute effects of heat and cold is to estimate associations between annual mortality and annual summaries of heat and cold. If such associations were null, it would indicate that excess deaths due to acute effects were wholly compensated by deficits later in the same year, as would be the case if all reflected mortality displacement. Positive associations of annual series would indicate that all or some of the excess deaths were displaced at least into the next period, suggesting that mortality was advanced by at least 1 y.
Two published single-city studies have used this method. In both London between 1947 and 2006 (Rehill et al. 2015) and Hong Kong from 1976 to 2012 (Goggins et al. 2015), years with cold winters and those with hot summers were associated with high mortality, though in temperate London, the association with heat was not significant. Those studies were not linked to daily studies, so it was not possible to directly estimate from them whether a proportion of heat and cold deaths found in daily studies were nevertheless displaced by less than 1 y.
In this multicountry study, we estimated the association between annual mortality and annual summaries of heat and cold in 278 locations from 12 countries. We also develop the method further to give insight, for positive associations, into whether the magnitude of association indicates partial or total absence of short-term displacement. This is easily the largest study to date addressing this question, indeed the only study including more than one location.
The data were assembled from daily counts of deaths and mean temperatures from 278 locations from 12 countries of total durations of 10–40 y from years between 1972 and 2012. These data are those that have been previously described (Gasparrini et al. 2015), with the addition of six locations from Ireland (all the island of Ireland: two regions in Northern Ireland and four in the Republic). We also used a longer series from some countries, Japan in particular, and excluded locations with less than 10 y of qualifying data (see below). Descriptive data on included locations are summarized in Table 1 and given in more detail in Supplementary Material (Table S1).
|MMT (percentile)
|Mean (SD) AF%
|Mean (SD) °C
|22.8 (82%)
|0.5 (0.2)
|5.9 (0.5)
|0.4 (0.1)
|4.8 (0.3)
|25.1 (62%)
|0.7 (0.3)
|2.5 (0.5)
|0.5 (0.1)
|1.7 (0.2)
|17.2 (82%)
|0.5 (0.2)
|5.1 (0.3)
|0.5 (0.2)
|11.1 (0.8)
|17.5 (97%)
|0.0 (0.0)
|11.3 (1.1)
|0.0 (0.0)
|7.8 (0.5)
|21.8 (78%)
|1.7 (1.4)
|9.8 (0.9)
|0.7 (0.3)
|7.5 (0.5)
|24.8 (84%)
|0.4 (0.2)
|10.5 (0.8)
|0.4 (0.2)
|10.1 (0.6)
|South Korea
|25.6 (90%)
|0.3 (0.3)
|6.6 (0.2)
|0.2 (0.1)
|12.0 (0.5)
|21.4 (78%)
|1.1 (0.5)
|5.6 (0.7)
|0.6 (0.2)
|6.6 (0.5)
|25.8 (55%)
|0.9 (0.2)
|3.8 (0.6)
|1.1 (0.1)
|2.9 (0.3)
|United Kingdom
|17.2 (90%)
|0.3 (0.2)
|8.4 (0.8)
|0.2 (0.1)
|6.9 (0.4)
|United States
|24.3 (83%)
|0.3 (0.2)
|5.4 (0.3)
|0.4 (0.1)
|9.8 (0.6)
Note: The table shows number n of locations, period of study (start years of first to last complete Nov–Oct year), and the mean over locations of MMT from daily analyses (in degrees and as percentile), mean, and SD over included years of annual attributable fraction of deaths estimated due to heat and cold using methods identical those for a previously published daily analysis (Gasparrini 2015), and mean (SD) of annual mean degrees above and below the MMT. AF, attributable fraction; MMT, minimum mortality temperature; SD, standard deviation.
Broadly, statistical methods follow those of the previous single-location annual studies (Goggins et al. 2015; Rehill et al. 2015). Mortality and temperature daily series were collapsed to an annual series using two different year dividers: a) starting years at the beginning of summer (the month before that including the summer solstice, May, in the northern hemisphere) to allow maximum time for shorter-term displacement of heat-related deaths to be discounted; b) similarly, starting years at the beginning of winter (November) for optimal cold analysis. Location years with more than 1% of days missing key variables were excluded.
In these annual series, (logged) annual mortality was regressed on annual indices of heat and cold. We used two indices described below; the first ("Basic Model") is simpler and we hope easier to follow, and the second ("Modified Model") more informative at the expense of some additional complexity.
Basic Model
In a preliminary step, conventional daily analysis was used to identify minimum mortality temperature (MMT), the daily mean temperature at which mortality was predicted to be minimum, at each location. Specifically, we used exactly the same model specification as Gasparrini et al. (2015), a distributed lag nonlinear model (lags to 21 d) with spline control for seasonality and trend [8 degrees of freedom (df)/year] and day of week indicators.
Then, after collapsing daily to annual data as described above, in each country, location i and year t, mean daily deaths Yit were regressed on mean of degrees above (below) these MMTis in that year and location:
- heat_degreesi,t=∑d=1,365{max[(tempi,t,d−MMTi),0]}/365, with tempi,t,d being mean temperature on day d, year t, location i.
- cold_degreesi,t=∑d=1,365{max[(MMTi−tempi,t,d),0]}/365.
- si(t,dfi) is a natural cubic spline of year t specific to location i with two df per decade (rounded).
- ωt and εit are Gaussian independent and identically distributed noise at year and location–year levels, respectively.
In model (1), a Gaussian distribution was adopted in preference to the quasi-Poisson models used in daily analysis for modeling simplicity and because the large size of annual death counts made the Gaussian approximation very good (Goggins et al. 2015; Rehill et al. 2015). For presentation of results, we transform the coefficients βheat and βcold to percent excess relative risks (ERR%) per degree of annual high and low temperatures: ERR%=100[exp(β)−1]
In these models, R code and data for one country are given in Supplemental Material, R code and data.
That model (1) is at country rather than location level is unusual, and indeed, we initially planned to fit a regression model of annual mortality model separately for each location, as did the previous single-location studies, and then combine results in a second-stage meta-analysis of location coefficients. However, exploratory analyses showed appreciable correlations of mortality and temperature anomalies across locations in the same country; years with anomalous mortality residuals in one location tended to be similarly anomalous in other locations also, even after allowing for temperature effects. This falsified the assumption of independence of estimates over locations necessary for conventional two-stage analysis with location-specific analyses at first level, leading to spurious precision in coefficients. We therefore reformulated the model for our analysis to have first-level regressions using all data from each country combined and a second-level meta-analysis of country (heat and cold) coefficients. The country-level regressions allowed separate intercepts and time spline curves for each location and an additional random effect of calendar year to allow for the shared year anomalies in mortality noted above.
Modified Model to Relate Results to Those from Daily Analyses
Model (1) allows concluding whether some deaths were displaced by more than 1 y by heat or cold (if the coefficients of the annual heat_degrees and cold_degrees are positive), but does not easily provide evidence whether such longer-displaced deaths comprised all or just a fraction of the deaths found attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses. To provide this more quantitative evidence, we replaced the heat degrees and cold degrees variables in model (1) with annual fraction of deaths attributable to heat and cold, heat_AFdailyi,t and cold_AFdailyi,t, where AF stands for attributable fraction. These were estimated in the preliminary daily analyses by aggregating to annual level daily fractions of deaths attributable to heat and cold obtained as described in Gasparrini (2015), using the forward method described in Gasparrini and Leone (2014). The model was in other respects the same as model (1):
Under model (2), if in each year t, the excess fraction of deaths due to heat (cold) found in annual regression analyses are the same as the fraction found by aggregating the daily attributable deaths, then the coefficients βheat and βcold would, to a close approximation, be 1. The approximation is addressed with a complexity cost in a sensitivity analysis, but we motivate the argument with a simplified example: Suppose in one location in just 1 y, daily analyses indicated that 2% of deaths were due to heat (none to cold), so heat_AFdailyi,t=0.02. Then, if all of those deaths were displaced by 1 y or more, mortality would be raised by a factor (rate ratio) of close to 1.02, and log mortality be 0.02 higher. To fit this, the coefficient βheat=1.
Thus, we can interpret the actual coefficients estimated from model (2) as follows: A coefficient of 0 is consistent with all deaths attributed to heat by daily analyses being displaced by less than 1 y. A coefficient of 1 is consistent with all the daily attributable deaths being displaced more than 1 y. Intermediate values are consistent with some but not all the daily attributable deaths being displaced by more than 1 y. Effects of heat and cold at longer lags than those considered in daily analyses may also play a part. If all the daily attributable deaths were displaced by more than 1 y, such additional longer lags would lead to coefficients >1. If there was some short-term displacement, this might be compensated by longer lag effects, so, for example, a coefficient of 1 might reflect the two things balancing exactly. However, public health importance seems independent of whether a coefficient of 1, say, is due to absence of short-term displacement or its compensation by longer lag effects.
Sensitivity Analyses
To identify sensitivity to specific features of the model (2) it was modified as follows:
- Time spline changed from 2 to 1 and 3 df/decade.
- The benchmark for excluding years dues to missing values changed from 1% to 0% (excluded 9 locations entirely) and 10% (added 18 locations).
- Influenza data were available only for locations in Canada, Ireland, Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdom (137 locations). For these countries, a term λ(influenza%)it was added, where influenza% is the proportion of deaths coded as due to influenza (International Classification of Diseases Eighth Revision (ICD-8) 470-474, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 487, and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (WHO 1966, 1978, 2016)]. Unadjusted results restricted to the same five countries are also given for comparison.
- Step changes in death rates at calendar-year changes (1 January) were included wherever significant at a) p<0.01, and b) p<0.001. These corresponded to false discovery rates of included steps of about 50% and 20%, respectively (estimated by Storey's q-value). Steps were selected first in calendar year analyses, modeled as indicators step(T)it=1 if t<T, 0 otherwise. In the main models with years starting in May and November, the indicators were modified to step(T)it=1 if t<T, step(T)it=4/12(May) or 10/12 (November), 0 otherwise.
- Three alternative approaches to clustering by year were undertaken: a) ignoring clustering by applying a conventional two-stage analysis with each location analyzed separately; b) using the country-level model as for the main model, but without random year effect with standard error of heat and cold index coefficients estimated by jackknife clustering on year; and c) the main model with addition of allowance for random variation in heat and cold coefficients (slopes) across locations.
- To allow interpretation of coefficients with respect to proportion of deaths attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses without approximation, the explanatory variables in model (2) were modified to heat_indexi,t=−log(1–heat_AFdailyi,t), and equivalently for cold. This we deduced from standard theory (Steenland and Armstrong 2006), by which for an explanatory variable value x for 1 y, the AF is: AF(x)=1−exp(−βx). Changing the subject of this expression, the value x=−log[1−AF(x)] gives the x variable that would give a coefficient of 1 if AF(x) were known. Thus, if heat_AFdailyi,t indeed were the same as the AF from annual analysis, heat_AFannuali,t, then the coefficient of x=−log(1–heat_AFdailyi,t) would be 1. We did not anticipate replacing AF by −log(1−AF) would make much difference to results, since at the low values for AF in these data (maximum 0.08 for heat, 0.2 for cold), AF≈−log(1−AF) to a good approximation.
- An approximate correction was made for estimation uncertainty in the annual AFdaily used as explanatory variables in our main analysis. Because of the complexity of the structure of this error in variables (highly correlated across years within a location), we chose the SIMEX method (Carroll et al. 2006) in which additional error is simulated at various magnitudes and the pattern of mean ERRs and their standard errors estimated from (100) simulations at each magnitude extrapolated to estimate what would have been observed at zero error if the pattern persisted. Specifically, we took values of additional error variance multiplier λ=0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2, and used a quadratic polynomial to extrapolate the association between mean of estimated β values (βλ) with λ back to λ=−1 to predict a value βSIMEX. To obtain SE(βSIMEX), we similarly extrapolated variance differences: mean[Varj(βλj)]−Var(βλj) to λ=−1, where j is the simulation number.
A summary of distributions of key variables in the 278 included locations is shown by country in Table 1, and the values of those variables for each location are in Table S1. The United States, Japan, and Spain stand out as having the most locations, and Japan had easily the longest series (40 y). In some countries, the average location-specific variation over years of our two heat indices (fraction of deaths attributable to heat and degrees above MMT) is rather small, which limits study precision and power in those places. Ireland in particular, with mean MMT at the 97th percentile of temperature, showed an average heat-attributable fraction of just 0.03%, with standard deviation of 0.05%.
The association of mortality with mean annual degrees of heat and cold was positive on average and in most countries (Figure 1), with overall estimates of ERR per degree of heat above MMT 1.7% [(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 3.1] and of cold below MMT 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6), though variation between countries in ERRs was appreciable (I2=67% and 72%). This indicates that some deaths associated with heat and cold were indeed brought forward by at least 1 y.
An ERR% of 1.0% has no special significance in the results in Figure 1 [model (1)], which cannot elucidate what proportion the excesses found comprise of all deaths found attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses. The results in Figure 2 from model (2) do this; if all the deaths found attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses were displaced by at least 1 y, then the regression coefficient β would be 1. For both heat and cold, our pooled annual analysis coefficients were indeed close to 1, at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.3) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.4), respectively. This indicates that about the same numbers of deaths were found associated with these weather conditions in annual as in daily analyses, evidence that most of the latter were brought forward (displaced) by at least 1 y (not just harvested).
For cold, the country-specific associations in Figure 2 varied no more than expected by chance. There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of heat coefficients across countries (I-sq=60%), despite these being less precise than for cold. Most of the results that were not clearly positive were very imprecise, but for the United States and Canada, the incremental risks, 0 (95% CI: −0.5, 0.5) and −0.6 (95% CI: −1.8, 0.6), had CIs excluding 1.0, thus providing some evidence that in these countries, some deaths shown in daily analyses to be associated with heat were displaced by less than 1 y.
Few of the alternative models explored in sensitivity analyses changed the overall estimates appreciably (Figures 3 and 4). Models ignoring the year clustering across locations within countries ("Alt. app. to year clustering" first row) had much narrower confidence intervals for country-specific coefficients, which is reflected in the high heterogeneity I-sq values. Conversely, those using a jackknife to allow for clustering (second row) had wider country-level intervals leading to low I-sq values. Allowing for error in the AFdaily values by SIMEX ("Correction for AF est. error") moved estimates away from the null and slightly widened CIs. Here, overall estimates increased by multiples of 1.24 and 1.13 for heat and cold, respectively, and patterns by country remained the same (Figure S1). Investigation of sensitivity to the choice of month marking the start of years for annual aggregation (May and November in main analyses) showed little such variation for cold and somewhat more for heat, with November and February start months showing higher estimates, though all CIs overlapped considerably (Figure S2; not on Figures 3 and 4).
This study found strong evidence that, on average, over all country studies, annual mortality was associated with deviations of temperatures from normal, in particular rising in years that experienced long or severe high or low temperatures. The strength of the association was consistent with all of the deaths found associated acutely with cold in daily analyses being brought forward by at least 1 y. These deaths thus represent significant life shortening rather than short-term mortality displacement. The associations with heat in the United States and Canada were exceptions, however. These suggested that in those countries, many of the deaths attributable in daily analyses to heat (though not cold) were advanced by less than 1 y.
Our overall results are broadly in line with the two previously published studies using a broadly similar approach, each with data from a single location but much longer periods (37 and 57 y) (Goggins et al. 2015; Rehill et al. 2015). Direct quantitative comparison is difficult. Many other studies have considered the mortality-displacement issue for heat-related deaths using distributed lag models with daily data, some finding evidence of significant proportions of heat-related deaths being displaced by only a few weeks (Basu and Malig 2011; Hajat et al. 2005; Kyselý 2004), but others found no such evidence (Kysely and Kim 2009; Le Tertre et al. 2006). In recent years, many studies have considered distributed lag models with maximum lag of several weeks (Gasparrini et al. 2015), so that temperature-related excesses of deaths with very short-term displacement will be matched by deficits later on in the total lag interval, so the overall cumulative risk for that interval will not include the deaths displaced within it. However, it is difficult for such studies to exclude displacement, which, though short, is more than a month or two.
Some studies have considered patterns of deaths after heat waves to elucidate displacement. From considering mortality for the 50 d following the 1995 Chicago heat wave, it was estimated that 26% of excess deaths during the heat wave were displaced by less than 50 d (Kaiser et al. 2007). From the experience in the year following the 2003 heat wave in Paris, it was concluded that deficits of mortality in next year could explain no more than 5,000 of the 15,000 excess due to heat in 2003 (Toulemon and Barbieri 2008). It would be interesting to explore whether duration of displacement differed for such extreme temperatures and the more moderate heat and cold dominating the temperature-related excesses found by Gasparrini (Gasparrini et al. 2015).
The patterns of reduced vulnerability to heat following winters of high mortality found in several studies (Ha et al. 2011; Qiao et al. 2015; Rocklöv et al. 2009; Stafoggia et al. 2009) provide some indirect evidence that some cold-related deaths are among those who would otherwise be vulnerable to heat, so they would likely have died within the next several months if they had survived the cold. However, it seems impossible from these studies to quantify the proportion of cold-related deaths that this would affect. Our results indicated that it is small.
The robustness of our results to quite extensive sensitivity analyses adds credibility to our conclusions. A further strength of this study is the wide geographic coverage and large number of locations. However, the gain in precision we hoped to achieve by multiple replication was somewhat reduced by the correlation of annual anomalies of mortality (year clustering) across cities in the same country. This meant that most country-specific results lack the precision for detailed comparison. A notable exception is Japan, where precise estimates illustrate the value of long (40 y) series for analyses of annual data.
There were some other limitations. Because we did not have annual population data for many locations, we could not allow for population changes, as did Goggins et al. (2015), relying rather on the spline curve to allow for this and other gradual temporal changes. We also did not consistently have cause- or age-specific death counts, precluding an investigation of these potential modifiers of the associations. Although our geographic coverage was wide, it is not globally representative, in particular overwhelmingly being comprised of more developed countries.
This study provides new evidence that over a wide range of locations, for the deaths associated acutely with extremes of heat and cold, most lives were shortened by at least 1 y. Adverse health effects of high and low temperatures are thus confirmed as significant public health concerns and not merely short-term displacement of times of death. Future research could usefully use similar methods, preferably with longer series, to clarify how much longer than 1 y temperature-attributable deaths are displaced, and whether extent of displacement varies by factors such as age, poverty, and preexisting conditions, and how extreme were the heat and cold.
B.A. was supported for this work by the U.K. National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health; A.G. and F.S. were supported by a grant from the U.K. Medical Research Council (grant ID:MR/M022625/1); M.L.B. was supported by Assistance Agreement No. 83587101 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Y.G. was supported by the Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1107107). A.T. was supported by Ministry of Education (Spain) grant PRX17/00705. H.K. was supported by the Global Research Lab (#K21004000001-10A0500-00710) through the National Research Foundation of Korea. Y.L.G. is supported by NHRI-105-EMSP09 from National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. Y.H. and M.H. were supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-14) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency.
Armstrong B. 2006. Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidemiology 17(6):624–631, PMID: 17028505, 10.1097/01.ede.0000239732.50999.8f.
Basu R, Malig B. 2011. High ambient temperature and mortality in California: Exploring the roles of age, disease, and mortality displacement. Environ Res 111(8):1286–1292, PMID: 21981982, 10.1016/j.envres.2011.09.006.
Carroll RJ, Ruppert D, Stefanski LA, Crainiceanu CM. 2006. Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models: A Modern Perspective. 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL:Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Gasparrini A, Guo Y, Hashizume M, Lavigne E, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, et al. 2015. Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study. Lancet 386(9991):369–375, PMID: 26003380, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0.
Gasparrini A, Leone M. 2014. Attributable risk from distributed lag models. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:55, PMID: 24758509, 10.1186/1471-2288-14-55.
Goggins WB, Yang C, Hokama T, Law LS, Chan EY. 2015. Using annual data to estimate the public health impact of extreme temperatures. Am J Epidemiol 182(1):80–87, PMID: 26009315, 10.1093/aje/kwv013.
Guo Y, Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Li S, Tawatsupa B, Tobias A, et al. 2014. Global variation in the effects of ambient temperature on mortality: a systematic evaluation. Epidemiology 25(6):781–789, PMID: 25166878, 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000165.
Ha J, Kim H, Hajat S. 2011. Effect of previous-winter mortality on the association between summer temperature and mortality in South Korea. Environ Health Perspect 119(4):542–546, PMID: 21233056, 10.1289/ehp.1002080.
Hajat S, Armstrong BG, Gouveia N, Wilkinson P. 2005. Mortality displacement of heat-related deaths: a comparison of Delhi, São Paulo, and London. Epidemiology 16(5):613–620, PMID: 16135936, 10.1097/01.ede.0000164559.41092.2a.
Kaiser R, Le Tertre A, Schwartz J, Gotway CA, Daley WR, Rubin CH. 2007. The effect of the 1995 heat wave in chicago on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Am J Public Health 97(suppl 1):S158–S162, PMID: 17413056, 10.2105/AJPH.2006.100081.
Kysely J, Kim J. 2009. Mortality during heat waves in South Korea, 1991 to 2005: How exceptional was the 1994 heat wave?. Clim Res 38:105–116, 10.3354/cr00775.
Kyselý J. 2004. Mortality and displaced mortality during heat waves in the Czech Republic. Int J Biometeorol 49(2):91–97, PMID: 15549422, 10.1007/s00484-004-0218-2.
Le Tertre A, Lefranc A, Eilstein D, Declercq C, Medina S, Blanchard, et al. 2006. Impact of the 2003 heatwave on all-cause mortality in 9 French cities. Epidemiology 17(1):75–79, PMID: 16357598, 10.1097/01.ede.0000187650.36636.1f.
Qiao Z, Guo Y, Yu W, Tong S. 2015. Assessment of short-and long-term mortality displacement in heat-related deaths in Brisbane, Australia, 1996–2004. Environ Health Perspect 123(8):766–772, PMID: 25794410, 10.1289/ehp.1307606.
Rehill N, Armstrong B, Wilkinson P. 2015. Clarifying life lost due to cold and heat: a new approach using annual time series. BMJ Open 5(4):e005640, PMID: 25877269, 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005640.
Rocklöv J, Forsberg B, Meister K. 2009. Winter mortality modifies the heat-mortality association the following summer. Eur Respir J 33(2):245–251, PMID: 18799511, 10.1183/09031936.00037808.
Schwartz J. 2000. The distributed lag between air pollution and daily deaths. Epidemiology 11(3):320–326, PMID: 10784251, 10.1097/00001648-200005000-00016.
Stafoggia M, Forastiere F, Michelozzi P, Perucci CA. 2009. Summer temperature-related mortality: effect modification by previous winter mortality. Epidemiology 20(4):575–583, PMID: 19295435, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31819ecdf0.
Steenland K, Armstrong B. 2006. An overview of methods for calculating the burden of disease due to specific risk factors. Epidemiology 17(5):512–519, PMID: 16804473, 10.1097/01.ede.0000229155.05644.43.
Toulemon L, Barbieri M. 2008. The mortality impact of the august 2003 heat wave in France: investigating the "harvesting" effect and other long-term consequences. Popul Stud (Camb) 62(1):39–53, PMID: 18278672, 10.1080/00324720701804249.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1966. International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision (ICD-8) 470–474, http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/89197 [accessed 1 October 2016].
WHO. 1978. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 487, http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39473 [accessed 1 October 2016].
WHO. 2016. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) WHO version for 2016. Chapter X; codes J9-J11, http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/X [accessed 1 October 2016].
Zanobetti A, Wand M, Schwartz J, Ryan LM. 2000. Generalized additive distributed lag models: quantifying mortality displacement. Biostatistics 1(3):279–292, PMID: 12933509, 10.1093/biostatistics/1.3.279.
Clarivate Analytics released the 2018 Journal Citation Reports, which tracks citations for articles published in 2015 and 2016. EHP's new Journal Impact Factor is 8.31, with a 5-Year Journal Impact Factor of 9.81. (more…)
We are pleased to present new and improved author guidelines! (more…)


text:
The iPhone 7 only claims to be water resistant but is classed as IP67 rated which should be water proof up to a metre, please explain?
- Asked by Kristian S
2 Answers from the Community
The iPhone 7 does work at the IP67 rating but it is recommended after the phone is submerged for that time period not the charge the phone for 5 hours. The primary idea behind it is to protect against drops in the toilet, tub, sink, rain, snow, some pools, etc. The drops that on previous iPhones would render them unusable. Also keep in mind it has the IP67 but water damage is still not covered by the iPhone warranty. So the idea was daily use protection more so than underwater photography or videography.
- Answered by Dylan R from Monmouth
- 7/10/2016
I know the IP67 rating does not give users green lights to expose the iPhone to water abuse, but how about this.
I left my iPhone 7 in my cycling jersey pocket. 'Don't wash my kit, honey', I said.
A few minutes later, 'Has anyone seen my phone?', I said.
Peering in horror at the washing machine I hear the thud, thud, thud of something heavier than my cycling kit in the wash!
'No, no, no, no, you didn't put my kit in the wash!?' I said.
Sure enough, there it was thudding round in the front loader submerged in soapy suds.
In agony, I turned off the machine to let the electric door reset and unlock which it did after the necessary agonising two minutes.
As fast as I could, I pulled my jersey from the soapy water, removed the phone, dried it off with a towel, turned it on and IT WORKED JUST FINE! Yep, IT WORKED JUST FINE!
WELL DONE APPLE! Not 'water proof' but certainly washing machine proof in this case.
- Answered by James F from Magill
- 8/01/2018


text:
Kingsland Breeches | Ladies | Women's | Men's
Often considered the best quality breech, these are a full seat leather breech with Lycra leggings for comfort and fit Fancy bands on the belt loops and pockets made of famous Schoeller fabric. From Kingsland Equestrian, famous name in quality riding apparel.
Full Seat |Jessica Breaches | Knee Patch | Slim Fit
Kingsland Equestrian Women's Jessica Schoeller Breech-White/Navy
This Kingsland''s Jessica breech made of the famous Schoeller high functional technical fabric is a great addition to your showing wardrobe. Classic white for show with and accent of navy at the waist. Lycra legging at the calf for extra comfort and easy fit.
Kingsland Riding Breeches Store


text:
Mounts/Wilson Cherokee applications
In reply to:
Re: Capt. James Addair - Legal Guardian of David Cecil Mounts
Brenda Sampsel 7/21/06
Lynzey on the Saponitown forum has posted a link to a set of applications for Cherokee citizenship by the Mounts (Mounce) and Wilson families
According to these statements Sarah Mounts was born in 1780 on the Potomac River in Frederick Co., Maryland.
There are 50 pages of depositions -:-)


text:
About Us
Redcraigs Lodges, Bridge Of Dee, Aberdeen, AB12 5XJ
We are a family run business. This traditional granite built steading was totally renovated in 2013, it is ideal for the business or leisure visitor who enjoys the quiet country life but needs to be close to the city (3 miles away). Altens/Tullos industrial estates are less than 3 miles away and Asda and Sainsburys supermarkets are a 5 minute drive.


text:
Know the actors well. Knowing other movies that also starred by the horror movie actor. If the actor who acts as a psychopath also acts as a friendly father in another movie, then watch the movie pieces as he acts as a friendly father. Do the same for other actors who play a role in the film. When you watch a horror movie, then you will remember the actor in a friendlier role so it will not look scary.
Watch the movie parody. If you watch a classic horror movie, then there will be a lot of parody of the movie. Find out if Saturday Night Live sketches the movie comedy. If SNL does not make the movie parody, then find another comedy group that makes a movie parody on YouTube. When you watch the actual movie, you will remember the parody of the movie, so the movie will look funny
Learn about the costumes and make-up of horror movies. One of the reasons why you are uncomfortable watching a horror movie is blood and strong blood. You have to know that it's all are fake, fake bones, fake skins, fake stitches and fake blood. Making a bloody-looking costume that looks like the original requires good skill. As you learn how these costumes and makeup are combined, you'll be able to watch the movie with a captivating feeling rather than fear for free movie download


text:
Would-be mayor Anthony Weiner believes he has found a way for New York City to stand up to rising health care costs: the government, if he gets to helm it.
The former Congressman revealed Thursday he wants New York City to act as a "single-payer laboratory," funding employees' medical expenses directly instead of paying the employees through insurance companies.
As such, Weiner wants city workers to pay 10% of their own salaries for health care–and if they are smokers, a whopping 25%.
He claimed that the savings from this model's first three years could amount to $1 billion, saying, "I refuse to accept that these are non-controllable costs."
Last week, Weiner's staff contested a New York Times article which quoted him as saying he coined the term "Obamacare." They said instead that he adopted the title for use in a positive light before any other Democrat.
He won't have to worry about who gets credit for "Weinercare." New York magazine coined the title for the single-payer plan Thursday evening, just a bit before the New York Daily News.


text:
A Hotel Stay Within Walking Distance of Fenway Park
Catch the Red Sox at America's Most Beloved Ballpark
Located just a few blocks from the famed Yawkey Way and one of the most iconic ballparks in the world, The Colonnade is the most convenient lifestyle hotel within walking distance of Fenway Park.
Home to the legendary Boston Red Sox and considered America's most beloved ballpark, Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square, is a must-visit during your stay in Downtown Boston. Die-hard baseball fans and casual enthusiasts flock to Fenway Park each baseball season to catch a game and experience one of the region's most historic attractions, dating back to 1912. Spend a summer day in the stands and catch impressive views of Fenway Park's Green Monster or a cool September evening as the Red Sox vie for playoff contention and a return to the World Series.
The stadium and its surroundings offer so much more than just baseball. In addition to the historic ballpark and its surrounding alleys, Fenway Park is at the center of the nightlife and bar scene on Lansdowne Street.
Don't miss any of the action when you choose one of the most conveniently located hotels in Downtown Boston near Fenway Park—The Colonnade. View the Red Sox 2017 schedule and plan your visit to Boston!


text:
Hospice care is for people who are nearing the end of life. Hospice care services are provided by a team of health care professionals who maximize comfort for a person who is terminally ill by reducing pain and addressing physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs. To help families, hospice care also provides counseling, respite care and practical support.
Hospice care isn't just for people who have cancer. Many people who receive hospice care have cancer, while others have heart disease, dementia, kidney failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Enrolling in hospice care early helps patients live better and live longer. Hospice care decreases the burden on the family, decreases the family's likelihood of having a complicated bereavement and prepares family members for their loved one's death.
In addition, there is a unique benefit of hospice that allows a patient to be cared for at a facility for a period of time, not because the patient needs it, but because the family caregiver needs a rest in order to continue to care for his or her loved one. This is known as respite care.
Where Hospice care is provided
Most hospice care is provided at home — with a family member typically serving as the primary caregiver. However, hospice care is also available at hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities and dedicated hospice facilities.
Keep in mind that no matter where hospice care is provided, sometimes it's necessary to be admitted to a hospital. For instance, if a symptom can't be adequately managed by the hospice care team in a home setting, a hospital stay might be needed.
If you or a loved one has a terminal illness and you've exhausted all treatment options, you might consider hospice care


text:
From Karon Beach, Phuket it was a 3 and a half hour journey by minibus up to the Khao Sok National Park where Elephant Hills, Thailand's first luxury tented camp, is located. We arrived in time for lunch before checking into our accommodation for the night. Although remote, the camp has all the facilities – ensuite permanent tents, a swimming pool, wifi, bar and shop. The tents have proper beds, lighting etc. and are surprisingly spacious.
Our first activity was canoeing down the Sok River. This was a guided canoe so all we had to do was sit back and enjoy the views as our guide did all the hard paddling. The scenery was stunning, although the rain did put a literal slight dampener on things! We arrived close to the elephant camp and then moved on to Elephant Hills most famous attraction: the elephants themselves.
All of the elephants are female since males can become aggressive, and all have been rescued. There is no option to ride the animals – the aim is to keep their routine as close to what they would choose to do themselves. Since the elephants enjoy being bathed and fed, those are the activities that the guests are allowed to take part in. We first watched a couple of the animals playing in the waterhole (above – getting themselves muddy) before we moved to the bathing area. We used a hose and coconut husk to scrub mud from their rough hide. With three of us to each elephant it took a while until they were judged clean (or became bored and wanted to wander off).
Then we moved onto the feeding station. We were shown how to prepare fruit, sugar cane and elephant grass, then how to wrap medicine parcels to supplement their diet. Some elephants had a preference of what they wanted to eat, discarding what they didn't want. My elephant ate everything before it!
From here it was a ten minute drive back to our accommodation and time for a well-needed shower before the evening activities commenced. These are all optional and so we missed the documentary on elephants but made it in time to see a dance performance (by children from a local school) and a cooking demonstration on Thai curries including a taster. Eight pm was dinner time – buffet style. Guests sit at long tables so it's quite a social atmosphere. Drinks at the bar are also very reasonably priced.
The jungle is surprisingly noisy at night but the beds were comfortable and so no one was too out of sorts the next morning. Breakfast was buffet again, with a good mix of cooked and cold foods. After getting drenched on the canoes the day before we all invested 30THB (approx. 75p) in plastic ponchos just in case.
We had a 45 minute drive to visit a local market where we had a little free time, before heading on to the Rajjaprabha Dam. The dam was built to help with flood prevention and to provide power, creating the Cheow Lan Lake. It was about an hour by long tailed boat out to our home for the next night – the Elephant Hills Rainforest Camp. This is a floating camp consisting of tents very similar to those in the main camp.
The whole camp floats on top of the lake, each tent coming with its own two person kayak. Even out here we had power (provided by solar panels) and hot water, but had to do without wifi or phone signal which was quite liberating. After checking in we had lunch and that afternoon's activity was a jungle trek (which I will admit I gave a miss). Those of us who remained at the camp could take out our kayaks – there are monkeys in the area, wild elephants (though no one saw one) and I even saw a bat swimming in the water.
It was incredibly relaxing being on the water. On the following morning we took a guided kayak out further into the lake than we felt comfortable doing alone. At lunchtime the next days group arrived and we left in their boat, headed back to civilisation and then on to Krabi…
Previous post: Karon Beach, Phuket


text:
Senior Class
Molly Monk
Position: Senior Class President
Hometown: Rochester, Minnesota
Majors: International Relations, Political Science
What are your plans upon graduation? I'm a grad school hopeful. Currently, I'm applying to PhD programs in Sustainability and Community Development.
Other campus involvements: Theatre Simpson, APO (Honorary Theatre Fraternity), Model UN, Math Modeling Competition, First Year Program
Why are you involved in SGA? I'm involved in SGA because I want to make a difference at Simpson, as cliche as that sounds. Students need to have a voice. Being on SGA helps me amplify that voice.
Trey Scott
Position: I am a senior senator on the Financial Advisory Committee.
Hometown: West Des Moines
Majors: Biology and philosophy
What are your plans upon graduation? Pending whether I am accepted, I plan to go to graduate school to do microbiology research.
Other campus involvements? At Simpson, I tutor and work in the biology department.
Why are you involved in SGA? I am in SGA because I want to be more involved with budgetary decisions and promote student interests on campus.
Nick Yaeger
Position: Senior Class Senator
Hometown: Boone, Iowa
Majors: Mathematics and Biology
What are your plans upon graduation? Go to graduate school to study bio-mathematics
Other campus involvements: Cross Country, Track, and The Acorn
Why are you involved in SGA? To make a difference in the lives of students by keeping them informed and engaged on campus as well as acting as a liaison to make sure faculty and staff are aware of their needs.
Dani Musselman
Position: Senior senator
Hometown: Norwalk, Iowa
Major: Religion
Minor: History
What are your plans upon graduation?
I plan to attend seminary after my time at Simpson, to hopefully receive a Master degree in Divinity (M.Div.)
Other campus involvements: President of Environmental Awareness Club (EAC), Chapel Intern of Mission & Outreach in the Religious Life Community (RLC), Wesley Service Scholar Leader (WSS), CampusConnect mentor for Student Support Services (SSS).
Why are you involved in SGA? I decided to run for SGA because I am passionate about being a voice for students in the Simpson College community who are interested in the environment, and interested in ways to reduce Simpson's carbon footprint. I hope I can help Simpson's community to move in a direction that is more environmentally conscience.


text:
I honestly thought I would struggle a lot more than I did with both situations, but I kept the wallowing and the panicking to a minimum and decided instead to dig deep and use all the energy I had to get things back on track. I have struggled since I was a teenager with my mental health - I've been medicated, had CBT, the lot - but this time around I knew how to deal without getting into a really bad place.
I feel like life is getting back to how it should be these last few weeks, which actually feels abnormal after what I've had to deal with this year, but I've come out with a stronger sense of who I am and what my strengths and best qualities are, and I've made some changes which look set to lead to even better things.
It's totally OK to feel down and to doubt yourself once in a while - it's part of being human. But don't ever let anyone tell you you're not good enough, don't ever let a situation dictate how you feel about yourself, and always believe that you have the power and the ability to achieve great things. You can do anything if you put your mind to it, I promise.


text:
General Dental Services in Annapolis
Making sure that you have healthy teeth and healthy gums is something that you can do want to daily basis, but aside from the things you can do every day it is also imperative that you see your local dentist about twice a year for exams and checkups. Gentle dental services can do a lot for your oral health and hygiene than you might realize, and annual exams and professional cleanings are absolutely essential when it comes to preventing cavities and gingivitis. With the help of our Annapolis dentist here at Family Dentistry of Maryland you and your family can benefit from a wide range of different dental services.
Everyone should see their dentist about once every six months, regardless of whether they are experiencing any adverse symptoms relating to their dental health. Here at Family Dentistry of Maryland we provide patients of all ages with routine preventative care as well as with other general dental services in the event that they need them. On a regular basis, our dentists make sure to look out for any early signs of tooth decay, gum disease, or oral cancer. We also make sure that we properly document every patient's dental health and that we provide them with comprehensive cleanings that can help to eliminate plaque and bacteria that every day toothbrushes and dental floss may not be able to tackle. In addition, we can also provide patients with things such as dental fillings, tooth extractions, gum treatment, dental caps and crowns, bridges and dentures, and much more.
If you are overdue for a dental exam or if you are in need of any of the services listed above, it's important that you do not hesitate to schedule your next appointment. No matter what, our Annapolis dentist is here at Family Dentistry of Maryland where you can get the best dental care around.


text: The Gungan Council (or TGC) was born on November 1, 1999, a creation of then Pennsylvanian High School student Brian Kunkle, more famously known as "General Ceel". The board initially operated as a roleplaying forum, although throughout the years as much an emphasis is now placed on discussion as roleplaying. While it has remained true to its roleplaying roots, it is now a used for a variety of discussion topics: music, movies and sports.


text:
Perhaps years from now, people will still be talking about "the throw." Lastings Milledge came to Flushing this week with heaps of hype surrounding his quick bat, his five tools and can'tmiss potential as a core player for the Mets for years to come.
And in last night's 13-inning, 10 win against Arizona, he showed off the .44 Magnum he carries for a right arm, gunning down Craig Counsell at third base when the Arizona lead-off man tried to take an extra base off Chad Tracy's single to right field.
"I knew I had him as soon as I let it go," Milledge said.
In throwing out Counsell with a perfect strike to third from the middle of right field for the first out of the sixth inning, Milledge made up for his first big-league error.
Milledge was charged with an error in the second inning when he fumbled Johnny Estrada's liner to right. The ball bounced off the outside edge of Milledge's glove.
"I just missed it," he said, but he was vindicated four innings later with his cannon.
"Good thing for him to get his first boos," Willie Randolph said. "I guess he's a New Yorker now." The Shea crowd continues to be smitten with Milledge, giving tremendous ovations when he came up for each at-bat last night. He was given another standing ovation when he trotted off the field following his blistering throw in the sixth.
While he was active in the field, Milledge went 0-for-4 with a pair of swinging strikeouts at the plate and was replaced in right by Endy Chavez in the top of the 11th inning.
Milledge made his majorleague debut Tuesday when he was promoted to fill Xavier Nady's spot in right. The 21year old phenom went 1-for-4 in his first game, but did not arrive without controversy.
During that game, he wore a 4-inch cross around his neck that hung out from his jersey.
The wooden cross was so large that it covered up part of the Mets crest on his chest. But that bling was ancient history yesterday, as Milledge was ordered by manager Willie Randolph to tuck it in his shirt.
Milledge obliged without hassle and the cross hung in his locker, rather than around his neck.


text:
CBRE, the preeminent commercial real estate firm in Chicago, has been serving clients since 1975. CBRE Chicago provides a full range of real estate services meeting a broad range of our client's needs, including site selection, lease negotiation, building management, valuation and more. Crain's Chicago Business began compiling its Largest Brokers List in 2004, and CBRE Chicago is the #1 firm every year.
By sheer volume, CBRE is exposed to more real estate market information and negotiates with more landlords than any other firm. This insight is a competitive advantage other firms cannot claim and provides significant benefits to our clients.
Our clients span industries and range in size, from Fortune 500 corporations with global reach to local nonprofit institutions and emerging growth companies. We attribute this broad appeal to our simple, but effective, business plan - we help customers identify and align their real estate requirements with strategic business, financial and operational objectives while using our market leverage to drive the best economic transaction for each client.
CBRE Chicago Charity Bash 2018
Chicago In The NewsView All News
CBRE Represents Chicago Trading Company in Significant 114,186K SF Renewal and Expansion at 425 Financial Place in Chicago
CBRE Represents Walton Street Capital in Lease for Mercedes Benz Pop-Up Store at 401 N. Michigan in Chicago
Dave Brown Joins CBRE To Lead Specialty Leasing, Alternative Revenue Practice For Retail
Chicago Area Research Reports
Chicago Offices
Chicago321 N. Clark Street
Suite 3400
Chicago, IL 60654
Oak Brook700 Commerce Dr
Suite 450
Oak Brook, IL 60523


text:
Not all grief is the same. Every person manages and displays their grief differently, and different types of loss can result in different emotions. When someone we love is murdered, we, and our families, embark on a rollercoaster of emotions, experiencing wave after wave of anger, guilt, blame, depression, shame, fear and denial. Unlike other losses, homicide is sudden and intensely traumatic, adding to the intensity of grief.
This is often further complicated by added stresses like having to unexpectedly finalise your loved one's estate, applying for financial compensation to assist with funeral costs, dealing with employers for unplanned time off, fielding enquiries from the media, and assisting Detectives with their investigations. The intensity of loss associated with homicide in particular can remain with us for many months and even years, and over time, can bring further pressures. Often individuals in our families struggle to communicate with each other, we struggle to retain concentration at work, our kid's schooling can suffer, and we can begin to feel despondent about life in general.
Society has many misunderstandings about grief. Many wrongly believe grief is a lineal experience, where we will go through various 'stages' of grief, before eventually reaching a level of 'acceptance'. At QHVSG our experience is that whilst various emotions crop up for grieving members, they rarely come and go in stages, and can actually co-exist simultaneously. When a homicide occurs, our grief is often worsened by a seemingly drawn-out legal process that involves several mentions, mental health applications, and adjournments. The constant involvement with homicide investigations can cause us to re-live the horror of what has happened to our loved one time and again.
Once the investigation becomes a matter for the 'State' or the 'Crown' we might feel dissatisfied with the level of involvement we actually have in the investigation and for us, having lost someone we love, the law can seem 'black and white', in other words, murder is murder. You will however, soon realise the law has many shades of grey, and this can often make us feel lost or swept up in a never-ending legal system, while trying to manage normal everyday tasks.
So, how do we move forward from here? Firstly, terms such as 'get over it' and 'move on' must be removed from your vocabulary! No one who has lost a loved one to homicide should ever be expected to 'get over' the loss, however allowing the grief attached to this tragedy to consume us to the point that our entire life dissolves around us is no solution either. Many counselors talk of "accommodated grief", the point in a bereaved person's life where we begin to reinvest in the world again; for example, we might accept an invitation to a party, and while that doesn't mean we necessarily have to enjoy the experience, by simply accepting and honouring this commitment is a huge step towards reinvesting back into the world.
We often find that in time, we and our families develop a new relationship with our lost loved one. This can include having a cake on their birthday, purchasing a gift at Christmas (either on their behalf or to place at their gravesite), spending time doing something we both enjoyed doing together (ie gardening), or simply speaking to them in our quiet moments. Whilst it is impossible not to think back on the incident at times, perhaps with anger and or distress, gradually over time the bad days will lessen and we will be able to remind ourselves about the special memories and adventures we shared together. Although our lives may never return to what was normal, a new type of normal can be found, and we gain enormous perspective about what is most important and meaningful in our lives.
QHVSG staff and volunteers can support you and your family through these times. Please, remember you are never alone, and no subject is too difficult for us to talk through with you. Please call QHVSG on FREECALL 1800 774 744 and let us guide and support you.


text:
Sexpert YouTuber Hannah Witton shares her tips on solo sex for women…from when to use porn to how to set the mood
YouTuber Hannah Witton is celebrating by giving her top tips for a solo session
Sex and relationships Youtuber Hannah Witton has taken the bull by the horns and released her top tips for a solo session in her latest video.
The vlogger said: "I will jump on board anything to celebrate masturbation, so I thought I would make a video about masturbation hacks."
Hannah suggested experimenting with toys and mixing things up
The first piece of advice Hannah offers is to set the scene for a sensual session.
Making sure you have plenty of time, means you're less likely to feel the pressure to perform and reach that "end goal".
The vlogger also explained that the art of seduction isn't just for when you're with your partner, she suggested candles, romantic lighting and music to get things going.
Hannah said: "The way that you would seduce a partner if you wanted to have sex. Seduce yourself, pamper yourself, love yourself."
Hannah also explained that lubrication doesn't just have to be for couple sex
Making sure that you have the space to freely enjoy your "alone time" can mean you really let go.
Hannah suggested making sure everyone is out of the house so you don't fear any intrusion.
She explained: "If I want to watch porn I can play it loudly and I don't have to worry about head phones or anything.
"There's a certain freedom and liberty to being alone."
Lube isn't just for sex
There are lubricants which can heighten the experience of your solo session with tingling or heating sensations.
Hannah suggested experimenting with them during your alone time.
Hannah encouraged her viewers to try new things and mix up their routine
Mix it up…
The Youtuber explained that our bodies can get used to the same old patterns that we consistently use.
Breaking the routine can mean your body learns new and exciting ways to find enjoyment.
Hannah said: "Sometimes use porn, sometimes use your imagination, sometimes your fingers, sometimes use toys."
Engage your core
According to the sex vlogger, you won't just need to engage your core during a gym session.
Try tensing your abdominal muscles to enhance the experience.
The website you need to be using…that isn't porn
That's right – you read that correctly. There's a website to help your solo session but it's not pornographic.
Hannah recommended using omgyes.com – a website where women share how they pleasure themselves, including instructional videos.
Hannah said: "It is fascinating, I have learned so much from this website."
Lacey Banghard Faps For Nuts Magazine Photoshoot
Click on pictures to enlarge.


text:
Activator 10vol.
A oxidant cream specifically created in order to use with Mask with Vibrachrom™ colouring system to refresh lengths and ends to darken.
Its creamy formulation facilitates the colour mixing, creating a texture that adheres and remain onto the hair, ensuring high penetration of the colour into the hair for a long-lasting effect. The formulas has emollient and protective agents that offers extra shine, high conditioning effect and outstanding duration of the colour.
How to use:
Always mix with Mask with Vibrachrom™ colour cream, following the instructions written in the technical dossier according to the products' guidelines.
Product Sizes:
900 ml
Best Packaging 2016 award for the environment section in the "Packaging Oscar " promoted by the Italian Institute of Packaging and CONAI