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-Florida's Experiment Station.......... .
The Experiment Station Act............
Florida's Interests in England..........
Don't Wait for Others to Lead.........
Wagons for Florida Roads ...........
Not for Florida...........................
Farm Notes from Polk County ........ 2
Rice in Louisiana ........................
A Grass of Doubtful Value ............
A Corn Marker (Illustrated).............
Different- Modes of Potato Culture....
Ventilating a Cellar (Illustrated)......5
Important Points in Cheese Making: ..
How to Handle Wasps with Safety..'
Purifying Manure...........................
.Preventing Firefang..................
Things to be Done in Field, etc..... '..
An Ohio Barn (Illustrated)...............
Poland-Chifna Hogs ......................
A Suggestion abd5t Sheep ...........
Raising Pigs for Profit:....................
Whole Grain for Fatting Cattle.......!
Dogs vs. Sheep................................
Keeping Old Sheep.,.......................
Artificial Incubation......................
How Many Eggs.............................
Mal di Gomma..............................
planting a Grove........................
SDormant Peach Buds ......................
. Who Introduced the Carob Tree?....
Saving Girdled Trees......................
Ship ing Cucumbers.......................
A Mssissippi Canning Factory ... ..
Rejuvenating Fruit Trees .......... ;
Howito Lay Out Gardens (fllust'd)..
'In the Vegetable Garden ................
Hints about Truck Farming.......... :
Zephyr. Flowers Illystrated).............
FloricUltural Hints ..... ........
Seedling Raising ... ..............
SOnr Cosy Corner.......................
S Our Letter Box..............................
Our Famhily Friend. ............
Our Young Folks' Corer ...............
The F&mily Exchange..............
Encotinter With a Panther... ...........
. Industrial News ...........
SAPRIL WEATMEAipBLE..................
ROLLESrON NURSERIES.
800,000 Orange, Lemon and other varieties or
the citrus family and other fruits suited to this
climate. Stock in the best of condition for large
orders. Correspondence solicited. No charge
for packing and shipping. Catalogue fret.
A. J. BEACH al SON,
Palatka. Fla
Supplied in car lots, put up in bags or barrels
Direct shipment Guarantee analysis Price
and Pamphlet free. Address
Box 847. Napanee,
Ontario. Canada.
have a Fine Stock of Budded Orange
Trees. Also, Bidwell's Early and Laet
Peen-to and Honey, Florida Crawford, Pallu,
and Climax Peaches. Also, Kelsey Plums
and a
Muck Ten Cents Per Cord.
If you wish to get out muck .cheaply get a
For particulars address
McMeekin, Fla.
I offer in any quantity a superior qual ty
Unleached Hard Wood Ashes, Thor-
oughly Sifted
and free from stones, coals, and other impuri-
ties. For
culture they are the best and cheapest fertilizer
on the market.
Analysis and prices, in bags or barrels, fur.
nished on application.
Orders solicited for direct shipment.
C. E. DePUA,
Stockbridge, Michigan.
Best Tomato Seeds.
Bolaiano's New Queen Tomato, BOlWi-
ano's Early Prizetaker Tomato,
Earliest Valentine Beans.
Send for catalogue.
X. BOLGIANO "' SON, Need [Growers,
Baltimore, Md.
(Owing to the crowded condition of their Islands)
desireto find occupation fo the summer or by
the year and are willing to bring their families
or come over singly. Anyone who wants a
care-taker for grove, etc., apply at once to
Floral Bluff, Fla
WaslungtoL Navel Buds for Sale.
Having procured, at large expense, twenty-
five Washington Navels direct from California
two years ago, which have made a very fine
growth, I am prepared to furnish buds from
them, guaranteed genuine and freshly cut as
ordered at five cents each, by mail, or S&.00 per
hundred. Address
T. H. ROUSE, Belleview, Marion Co., Fla.
Registered male "Panic" No. 9420, A. J. C. C.,
g. grand-dam Eurotas, who made 778 lbs of but
er in c even months heads the herd Graded
Jersey Cattle and Native Trotting and Work
Rotted Bone Manure.
Price, $25 per ton free on board in Jackson-
ville, or at factory price when delivered in
New York.
1TTrISEBEY- STOCK
Specialties-Kelsey and Oriental Plums on
Native Plum and Japan Persimmons on
Native Aersimmon stocks. Address
R. H. BURR. Barlow, Fla
TI-TE tIj'3E METTIOD.
More of the Theory and Practice of Music can
be acquired with this method in Six Months
than by any other in Years. Taught by Cor.
respondence. Send stnp for particulars.
2,111 Barclay St., Baltimore, Md.
DeSoto County, Fla.
Situated at the old site of Fort Ogden, on a
high bluff on Peace River, in Sece 14 Township
86, Range 28 fifteen miles from Charlotte Har-
bor, with a depth of four fee-of water; one mile
from Florida Southern Railroad depot. Lote
170x70 feet from 810 to $50 Lots donated to
actual settlers for mills, stores, or factories.
Send stamp for particulars and circulars.
F. C. M. BOGGESS, President,
Box 104, Fott Ogden, Fla,
McCLENNY, FLORIDA.
Richmond Terrace,
Located immediately on the T. A. & G. Ry.,
twenty miles from Tavares, the proposed county
seat. It covers a high plateau of choice pine
land overlooking the great Lake Apopka and
Lake Horace. both abounding in fish and afford-
ing delightful opportunities for beating. The
land is especially adapted to the culture of
Lemons, Peaches and Vineyards,
and will be sold cheap in lots to suit purchaser
For particulars apply to
Lake Count y. Mont Verdo, Fl
Lake County.
Southern Produce a Specialty.
Co'signments solicited and returns made
promptly. Stencils and market reports furnish-
ed on application,
Reoerences-Chatham National Bank,Thurber,
Whyland & Co.,NewYork City; also Btnks and
established Produce Merchants of New York,
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston.
Special telegraphio quotations furnished by
G. S. Palmer, Wholesale Commiselon Merchant,
166 Reade street.
Live and Let Live
Eggs for Hatching of the fol-
lowing Varieties,
WYANDOTTES, Preston Strain,
WHITE LEGHORNS, Knaps Strain,
Prices of Pairs and Trios on Appli
A few fine White Leghorn Cocks at a bargain
if taken now.
B ADLY EX3 i 3 lTIL I EDR 0 COM P A 3
:BOSTO0NT, MASSA.O-L U S-tr-L"L'S-
Vegetable Growers. Orange Growers.
Bradley's Florida Vegetable Fertilizer, Brad- Bradley's Orange Tree Fertilizer, Bradley's
i"ey's Fish and Potash, Bradley's Bone Pr-dniaed Disolved Bones, Sul-
and Potash, Cotton Seed Meal, Iphate of Pottsh, Kainit,
C Waa d AUn e. eached H d .. Muriate of Potash, Nitrate of Soda, and all other chemicals for fertilizing
Wood Ashes. purposes. Cotton Seed Hull Ash, Land Plaster and Palmetto Acid Phos-
r b w m h phate, Sea Fowl Guano, etc.
We guarantee bottom prices on Cotton Seed Meal and Canada Hard
---" -^-- ^ Wood Unle.ached Ashes. Growers will look to their interest by getting our
Ja addess, quotations before purchasing. For information, pamphlets, prices, etc.
These fertilizers have stood the tests of practical experiments, and given -at sGEOR EE WI LSO N, EN. AGT
as good results for the money invested as any fertilizer in the world, io mat- E. IL N, AGT.
ter by whom made, -or how high the price. The best proof of this claim lies 50 West Bay Street, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
in the fact that those who use it once will use no other thereafter. P. 0. BOX 56.
EXCELSIOR ORANGE FOOD SPhlENDID OVER1500 DIFFERENT VARIETIES
V-L S /,, W m' All strong Plants, each labeled, delivered safely by
R mal. Lar est Assortment. Low Prices. In
business S years. Guaranteed satisfaction. Stock
t W ~ comprisesal desirable varieties. Onlymature plants
sent. My new Illustrated Catalos ue sent E
This fertilizer is the most perfect Orange Food in the market. It contains all the ingredients 1 \ contains name and description of each lant with instructions for successful cultivation.f RE
needed by the Orange Tree, in their proper proportions, viz: Phosphoric Acid, Potash, Calcium IDON'T IPUHASE PLANTS FLSEW~E flR' yde CiATA LOUE s 'Offlow-
and Azote, hree forms and from our very buyer of cheap plants should have it. Everyone wanting new and c oice PLANTS should
send for it. Everyone who has a garden should have a copy of my catalogue ofS nEDS
P I-r T 0 -W *All the new and standard varieties. Valuable books on Floriculture given to purchasers. E S m.
F. O. B. ship or rail in Charleston ........... $28.00
F. 0. B. ship or rail at Jacksonville 25.00
F. 0. B. ship or rail, Sanford or Enterprise 26.50 LM size 40x100 L. Vr $ On Lake Kingsley, Clay Co., only $10. A
,;7 feet in choice 5-acre tract fo. an OIOANGE
Apply to 0. DE 0. BERTOLA, Proprietor, Enterprise, Volusia Co., Fla. GROVE cosna but $100.
High rolling Pine Lands, Salubrious C1 inmate, a good invest-
ment. Send 2-cent stamp for Ma ps, etc., or remit P. 0. Order or ORIDA
ROOT ROT, RUST, DIE-BACK AND SCALE Bank Draft to JOHN T. tALBOTT, and get Warranty Deed, Title
perfect, from the
Treated by O. DE G. BERTOLA, who has had 35 years' experience In the groves of Italy, Spain,
British India and Florida. Consultations, written or verbal, free. I OPI A C COSEPA TY
ITO CT-EEU" -TO P.A.TY. P. 0. Box 5%. Jacksonviile. Florida. 29 W. Bay St.
OLrBD3'Es 'ROCKWELL & KINNE
New York, Charleston and Florida (SUCCESSORS TO NICHOLS, ROCKWELL &CO.)
STEAMSHIP LINES. Hardware, Cutlery, Tools, Guns, Ammunition, and fish
The elegant steamers of these lines are appointed to sail ig Tackle. Sporting Outfits a Specialty.
Steamers are appointed to sail from Pier 29, E. It., New York, every TUESDAY and FRIDAY *
at 3 p.m. Tuesday's ships for Fernandina and Friday's ships for Jacksonville. StOV S TInware & HO use Furnishing Goods
The Freight and Passenger accommodations by this Line are unsurpassed. Every attention
wiU be given business entrusted to the Line. Direct all shipments from New York via CLYDE'S
FLORIDA LINE, Pier 29, East River. For further information apply to
J. A STEAD, Ag't, F. M. IRONMONGER, JR., G. F. & P. A., J. A. LESLIE, A g't,
F ndina, Fla Jacksonville, Fla. 88 W. Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla.
THEO. G. EGER file Manager, WM. P. CLYDE d CO. Gen. Ag'to SOLE AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
35 Broadway,. N. Y. 12 So. Wharves Phila., Pa., 85 Broadway. New YorkK STOVES AND RANGE
We would call attention to the following brands, viz.: AND VARNISHES. ETC.. ETC.
TRUCKERS EXTRA, Universal Guano.
TRUCKERS DELIGHT, Prolific Super Phosphate. Farmers Alliance Estilalsea 1853, Incororatel 1878
MATOOTTE GUANO, Peerless Phosphate. oFr LORIDA and GEORGIA.
These fertilizers, being rich in Ammonia, Bone Phosphate and Potash, are quick, lasting and -THE W SSELS CO.
effective, as numerous farmers have testified to (unasked for) who have used our goods. We also The ONLY paper owned and run b- an organ. U
deal in Bone, Kainit and Fertilizing Supplies Generally. Correspondence solicited. nation of FARMERS in the outh. succ ssos To
CORNER BOWLY'S WHARF AND PRATT ST.. Baltimore; Md The official organ o the -OS T
SEDGWICK WOVEN STEEL WIRE FENCE AND GATES EAhEsu ALoANCE.ta VESSELS e COe.,
Each issue Is complete with valuable reading
a matter for not only Farmers but all professions. RECRIVERt OF
Read It and see. It will keep them posted, not
onlyon Allianee matters, but on all questions =
that affect the interests of FarmeT. It will 1j ob jt ranges
advocate such measures as will be for the best
Interests of Farmers. It has a circulation it
ten Etates and offe s one of the best advertising
mediums in the South. Merchants, Farmers 218 anl 220 Washinig S Set 1New 'r
Fruit Growers, and all who wfih to keep posted W i
on the greatest reform movement of the age, Remittances and Account Sales sent immedi.
should read the ately after goods are sold. Stencils and Market
Farmers Alliance. Reports furnished on application.
Georgia Drm nt Edited by Joe. X.
The best Farm, Garden Poultry Yard, Iawn, School Lot Park Georgia Deatment Edited by Joe. M.
and Cemetery Fences and Gates. Perfbet Automatie Gate. Cheap- Subscriptionperear. Sample CO. END YOUR
est and Neatest Iron Wences. Iron and Wire summer Uouw Lawn This is the Bet d Cheanpest WeIekthe
Furniture, and other wire work. Best Wire Streteher and nIerA. Sont,. Iheae"t wee ithe OD b priqi"
Ask dealers In hardware, or address OSWALD. WILSON,
SEDGWICK BROS., Richmond, Ind. zEditor and iBusiess .anager. TO THE TIMES-UNION JOB OFFICE,
W .IMarianna. F i CONNELLY & DUNNEi, Lessees.
arm aa continuous, imperceptible, shifting side
To lessen this lateral friction and place
the point of bearing always under the
-WAGONS FOR FLORIDA ROADS. centre of the wheel, the cross section of
the tire should resemble-a half of a long
Some Suggestions as to Their watermelon cut lengthwise. Though
Some Sugg~estions as to Their this fact does not seem to have entered
Proper Construction. the heads of carriage makers, manufac-.
turers of bicycles now make their "bikes"
BY H. E. LAGERGREN. with round tires. Always see that the
Our wagons, at least those we get tires are fast and true; if they are not,
from the North, are made for large the wheel wants to roll in a serpentine
horses, and for smooth roads, highest in fashion, which is hard on horse and
the centre. For that reason the. lower wagon alike.
part of the shafts are bent more or less, In buying a wagon note that the part
so that the line of draught shall not be of the front bolster that touches the axle-
too steep. Our roads are, with few ex- tree is long enough to distribute the
ceptions, either level or lowest in the weight all along the latter, to lessen the
middle, and our horses small. For that .risk of its breaking in the middle. Un-
reason weoften see traces on a level and til the sharp edges of the tire are worn
seldom enough inclined to enable the off somewhat, have the nuts upon -the
-horse to lift much of the load.. Our roads spindles so loose that the hub has a play
are sandy, rooty, full of gullies, and fre- of one third of an inch. The jolts and
quently the vehicle must be drawn across blows will then be partly absorbed, for
fallen trees; so that the shafts should be the good of the wagon.
straight in order to lower the point of When one wheel is on higher ground
draught. Anybody may prove this to than its mate, by getting upon a root,
his own satisfaction by pulling a wagon, etc., its course is turned toward the
first by the ends of the shafts, when no lower wheel, just as if it. diameter had
lifting can be done, and then by taking become larger. The centre of gravity of
hold of them near the singletree, when the wagon and its load will also move
the fore wheels can be almost raised toward the lower side. All this aug-
from the ground. The latter way will ments the horse's work, and while under
be found by far the easiest, and its effect- our present wretched system of road
iveness is still more obvious if a rail has working we have to endure the roots,
been laid in front of the wheels. We stumps and gullies, if a little more in-
often see the driver seated in the front terest in the roads was manifested by
of the wagon, with weighty barrels or those who travel them, matters would
boxes behind the seat, which throws the be much better. But here as in every-
heaviest load on the hind wheels, which thing else, "what is everybody's business,
are not lifted at all, and therefore sink is nobody's." '
deep into the sand. The load should al- If we have to ascend a hill with a
ways be heaviest in the front. If we have to ascend a hill with a
Every spoke iit a whbel is a lever of wagon, we generally go in a gently slop-
the first cass The friction of the earth ing curve. The inside of this curve is
inst the rim is the power, the indle always the highest, which is contrary to
is the fulcrum, and the wagon itself is what it should be, for reason s already
the weight. We know that the nbarer mentioned. An hour or two spent i
the fulrum is to the weight, the eaer scooping out a shallow trench for the
the fulcrum is to the weight, the greater inside wheels, are not thrown away.
is the force we can apply to a lever of a The bottom of the trench should b
given length, from which follows that slightly lower than the track of the out-
the spindles should be as small as possi- tha the trak of the out
blet without being o eak-in order Have leathers nailed overthe junction
to makethe wagon run light; a of the hubs with the axlet-rees, and keep
Wagons with broad rimmed wheels areall wearing surfaces well lubricated.
a nuisance for common use. As very 'ut no more load on one side of the
few have them, they do not track in the o thmno n thd oe ide of the
ruts of the road, and when a wheel hits agSTR Bradford Co., Fla.
a root the point of bearing will be upon TAE radord Co., a.
the edge of the rim, instead of in tie e
centre of it, as it should be. Hence a Not for Florida.
wrenching to one side or the other is
given the wheel, so that the ends of the Edior Florida 'rmer and ruist-GCower:
skein will pinch the spindle, and the hub Your paper of April 18th is before me,
the shoulder of the axletree, wearing in which I observe the letter of S. B.
them unevenly and checking the mo- Mann, from Lake City, Fla. He says
mentum of the wagon. But the evil is some good things, and probably in time,
not confined to broad rimmed wheels should he conclude to locate and live in
alone, for those with narrow rims will Florida, at the end of ten or more years,
act similarly, though in a smaller degree, he will have learned much he does not
When the wagon is new the tires are now know, and correct some ideas in
flat, with sharp edges. If we place a which he is in error. I allude to his
knife blade across the grain of a board statement: "I expect to see our farmers'
and scrape it, first with the back, then red clover flourishing here," and replies
with the edge, we find the latter the to the suggestion that it will not grow,
hardest work, because the edge enters by saying: "I reserve the right to
the wood. On our roads the wheels ever my scepticism." That settles it. He
have to cross roots more or less slanting. must see the hands and the prints of the
The sharp edge of the tire cuts into the nails, and thrust his hand into the hole
wood, and often, in sliding, peels a strip in the side, or he will no4 believe. So it
of bark or wood. This checks its rota- is not worth while to experiment on
tion momentarily, Its mate has thereby him; but a little information I have ob-
its course turned from a straight line, so tained in response to inquiries sent to
that the horse has an additional lateral various portions of the State concerning
foice to overcome. When the edges alfalfa, a more warm latitude plant than
have been worn round, the evil is les- red clover, twenty-five answers have
sened. Owing to the fact that the parts been received, all of which state that the
of the circumference of no wheel are in writers have never seen growing in Flor-
a perfect plane, the play of the wheel, ida a plant more than two years old
the motion of the horse and minute ob- from the seed. Most of these replies
structions on any road, the track of a come from the northern counties, where
wheel is always a little wider than the alfalfa would grow if anywhere in Flor-
rim that made it. This shows that the ida. None of the true clovers can be
wagon, while moving forwards, also has grown in this State through the two
years necessary for them to perfect
seeds. J. G. KNAPP.
LIMONA, Fla.
Concerning Seed Rice, Hayti
Potatoes, Freights, etc.
Aditor Florida Farwnr and lr-uft-Grower:
Although I have written so much for
your paper and some others in regard to
rice, "Hity 'taters," etc., yet I am still
burdened with private letters of inquiry.
I want to do my duty to all parties, but,
sir, the cross is getting to be rather
heavy, and it is somewhat expensive.
too. I must say to all as I didtoaGeor
gia correspondent who sent a list of in-
terrogatories as long as the moral law,
without so much as a one cent stamp,
"All who write me in earnest must at
least send stamps, and those -who write
for pastime or through curiosity must
inclose a $1 bill." I will give all the in
formation I can through tie columns of
the FARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER, and
I advise all who do not take it now to
send in their subscriptions at once.
There is plenty of information to be
found in it, whether it contains anything
from my pen or not.
Yesterday I received a letter inquiring
if seed- rice could be bought in this
county, and how much was required per
acre. The quantity of seed needed de-
pends upon the quality of the soil. The
richer the soil the more seed it will bear.
Poor land requires but little seed, espe-
cially if well matured grain is desired.
If forage is wanted, twice as much may
be sown. For a grain crop one peck per
acre of good seed correctly distributed is
enough on any kind of land. Few plant-
ers realize how grain will stool when
given plenty of room. I have not tested
rice in this respect, but know that one
seed of rye will produce one hundred
stalks with well filled heads.. At this
rate one seed every eight inches, in rows
two feet apart, would be sufficient.
In sowing rice in drills I have been
accustom( d to scatter it as thinly as pos-
sible, yet it often comes up too thick.
A South Carolina rice planter told me
that ordinary land they planted rice
in rows at least two feet apart, the hills
one ftot apart in the rows, as many seeds
being allowed to the hill as a man could
pick up with fore finger and thumb.
Every beginner should exepriment, so
as to learn what manner of seeding is
best adapted to his land.
Seed rice raised in this county is, I
think, very scarce. I don't know of any
for sale. If Mr. W. S. Thompson, of
Fort Meade, be addressed, he may give
some information as to seed rice.
As to Hayti potatoes, there will be a
good many for sale here during the next
six months. They can be supplied at $2
per crate, delivered at the Fort Meade
station and shipped to purchaser at his
risk. Vines might be shipped, but it
would be better to get the roots, plant
them in hills, and cut vines from them
when suflicientlly grown.
Shippers could take some risks as to
the freight on such tender produce if the
roads did not smash things so in
handling. On this account the farmer
shifts responsibility at every opportu
nity in sending off his produce. This is
one principal reason why so many or-
anges shipped from Florida are found
damaged when they reach their destina-
tion, and then receivers often throw the
damaged fruit back on their hands. If
farnfers universally would cry out
against such slam-bang handling of their
produce, they would sooner obtain jus-
tice, which is best for all parties.
S. W. CABsoN.
MIDLAND, Polk Co., Fla.,
April 7, 1888.
Rice in Louisiana.
Bulletin No. 15 of the Louisiana Exper-
iment Station is devoted to rice. A
paper by Mr. H. S. Wilkinson shows
that in overflowed plantations wild
grasses take possession of them in a few
years so that they have to be abandoned.
He suggests as the only practicable rem-
edy that they be seeded with oats in the
fall, to be followed by rice in May. From
the Commissioner's report we quote as
The method of planting pursued in
Louisiana -is to sow the rice broadcast,
using from one to three bushels per acre
upon well prepared lands and harrow in,
the ground being prepared with ditches
and embankments for inundation at will.
It is sown from March till June. The
methods of flooding after the rice is
sown vary with different planters. Some
flood immediately after planting, letting
the water barely cover the ground, with-
drawing it as soon as the grain begins to
swell. Some permit the rice to germi-
nate thoroughly without water, while
others even sprout the seed (by soaking
bags of rice in ponds of water) before
scattering it broadcast over the land.
which is shallowly covered with water.
It is afterwards covered with a large
wooden harrow with veiy short wooden
teeth. All flood when the rice has at-
tained a height of three or four inches,
leaving the tops a little above the water.
The water is kept on the rice until a
short time before harvest, when it is
withdrawn to give the stalks strength
and to dry the ground for the conven-
ience of the reaper.
Like other cereals, rice adapts itself
to the soil, climate and mode of cultiva-
tion. Therefore all varieties of rice can
be grown on uplands, while all have been
found to succeed best when inundated.
No variety has yet been discovered which
yields as much out of the water as it
does in it. Small crops 'of upland rice
are grown in the piney woods of Ala-
bama, Mississippi and'Louisiana, not for
profitable export, but for furnishing a
home supply of a healthy and nutritious
food. It is planted in rows and culti-
vated with plow and hoe. A variety
with a long grain and red chaff is said
to succeed best on uplands. There is an
increasing tendency to grow upland
rice, and at the solicitation of many
farmers, the station will next year con-
duct a series of experiments in upland
rice, to test the manurial requirements
of this crop, as well as the best modes of
The only disease which has been noted
by writers on rice is a blight or failure of
the head to fill with grain. This is called
brusone, and is usually prevented by
changing seed. The real cause is un-
known. In Louisiana it frequently oc-
curs on first year new ground. -
A Grass of Doubtful Value.
The Johnson grass war still rages in'
Texas. It is sort of a three cornered
fight. One crowd says it is a curse to
the farm, another that it is. a -blessing,
while still another says it is a curse if
you don't want it and a blessing if you
do. One crowd says you never can get
rid of it, the other that. you- can, while
the party of, the third part maintain
that it is a good thing anyhow, and that
the whole country ought to be ruined by
it. But they all admit that as a sure,
abundant and good feed for Texas, it is
unequalled.--Texas Stockman.
-Mr. J. M.'Blitch, residing near Starke,
has over 800 hills of watermelons in a flour-
ishing condition.
Things to be Done in the Field,
Garden and Grove.
"Thieii came faire MAY, thie fayrest Miiyi onn
Deckt all with dainties of i'r sf ason's pryile,
And throwing Ilowersout of her ia ) around;
Upon two brethren's shoulders she did rid-,
The twinnes of Leda; which on eytier side
Supported her like to their .overaine que(enI .
Lord! how allcreatiires caught, when ner they
And leapt aind daulnc't as they had ravisht
And Cup I self,' about her fluttered all in
--cscr's FTairie Queene, Canto VII-XXX-IV
l "My was the -econd month in the old Alban
cl endar, the third il that of Romulus, and the
llftli in the one instituted by Niumna Fompilius-
a station it hais hell from that distaiint late to
thile present time. It consisted of twet -two
days in the Alban. and of thirty-one in Romu-
his' calendar; Numa deprived it of the odd day,
which Julius thsar restored, since which it has
remained undisturbed."1
In the lower South, May is apt to be a
hot and dry month, and this must be
kept in mind in planning all our farm
and garden work. Most all farm crops
are now in the ground, and should be
making rapid and vigorous growth: but,
to insure this, the hoe and cultivator
must be kept constantly in motion, and
unrelenting and regular war made upon
the grass and weeds, which, whether
your soil be rich or poor, are sure to dis-
pute every inch with your crops. There-
fore, keep a close watch upon those in-
sidious robbers, and kill them before
they are large enough to be injurious.
May still be planted full crops of sweet
potatoes; "draws" early in the month,
and "cut vines" later. Fairly good land
needs little or no manure for this crop;
but, if your land is thin and poor, a
little sprinkling of old stable manure, or
a compost of cotton seed meal, ashes and
bone dust in the furrow, before bedding
up, will give your plants a vigorous
growth and increase.your crop. Let the
bed be low and broad, rather than high
and narrow; and plant all you can find
time to put in and properly cultivate.
Forage crops are now in order, if not
already growing. All quick growing
crops are gross feeders, so give your Kaf-
lir corn. millo maize, drilled corn, pearl
millet, etc., plenty of manure; even what
seems like a superabundance will "pay,"
and let the culture be constant and thor-
ough. Oats and rye may be cut and
saved during the early part of the month.
Cotton, corn, cane and cassava will need
attention, and the second or late crop of
upland rice may be put in the latter part
of this month or early in June. (See
excellent articles on rice culture in pre-
vious numbers. of this journal.) If pea-
nuts were neglected last month, it is not
yet too late to plant the small (Georgia)
variety. Old stools of Guinea grass
should have a good dressing of manure,
worked lightly in with a pronged hoe or
rake. Sprinkle a little salt over green
and succulent forage when you frst be-
gin to feed, and be careful not to surfeit
your animals at the outset.
Many things claim our attention this
month. Ieep the surface of the soil
porous by frequent and shallow cultiva-
tion. Do not allow the grass and weeds
to grow in the same bed or row with
your plants. Shade, mulch and water
in dry and hot weather. Broad (dwarf)
palmetto leaves are excellent for shad-
ing. Water for plants must not be too
cold. It should le applied just at night-
fall, and the moist surface covered with
dry earth early the next morning. Mulch
after a rain, or when the ground is damp,
and, if necessary to water the plants
afterwards, pour the water through.the
mulching. In watering, sprinkle the
leaves as well as the roots of the plants.
Plant snap heans every ten days for a
succession, and radishes every fortnight.
Tomatoes, egg-plant and peppers trans-
plant at all favorable seasons, when large
enough. Sow tomato and pepper seeds
to produce plants for a late crop. Plant
okra at once, if not already done-the
Velvet (not Violet") is an excellent
sort. Cucumbers, melons, squashes,
etc., may yet be planted, but do not de-
lay. Should your onions be running to
seed, twist the neck down, and with the
foot press lightly on it, so that the leaves
will lie flat on the earth; this will prevent
their running to neck instead of bulk;
the tops of the seed-stalks should always
be broken off. Continue to sow celery
seed according to directions heretofore
given in this department.
Cauliflower and broccoli seed may be
sown the middle of this month to be
transplanted in July. Sow, also, cab.
bage seed for fall and winter use, to be
transplanted in late July or August.
Watermelons may yet be planted for a
late crop, but it is useless to plant tha
muskmelon now. Corn, common flint
or Adams' Early, for table use, may still
be planted. Make the hills dishing,
cover deep, and throw a light covering
of litter on the surface to protect the
young plants from the hot sun when
first up.
Pot herbs and medicinal plants, such
as balm, thyme, savory, sage, etc.,
should be gathered when they begin to
bloom, choosing a dry day, and spread-
ing them in the shade to dry. When
fully dry, put in paper bags, label prop-
erly, and store away for use.
Sow cow peas thickly, broadcast in your
bearing grove, over the entire surface, to
shade the ground, and when the peas are
just beginning to form pods, turn all
under with a light, one-horse plow, top-
dressing with suitable fertilizing com-
post. Or, if your trees are young, and
you desire to stimulate and accelerate
their growth, manure the surface slight-
ly two or three times during the summer,
and keep a shallow-running harrow or
sweep constantly in motion except in
wet weather. Both these modes feed the
bearing trees and keep down the injuri-
ous growth of grass and weeds, and each
has strong advocates among our best
orange growers, but we fear a large ma-
jority of our "constituents" do not prac-
tice either one mode or the other, but
allow their trees to "take their chances,"
often mutilating and injuring them by
close plowing, breaking of roots, etc.
Budding may generally be done suc-
cessfully during May and June, or at any
time when the bark of the stock "slips"'
readily, and good, plump, well-formed
buds can be obtained, but do not rush in
for too many "varieties."
Keep walks and alleys neat and trim; tie
climbing plants to tall stakes and trel-
lises; clip dead and withered roses and
other flowers from the bushes, and cut
off all dried up flower stalks; pull or hoe
out weeds and grass, and keep the sur-
face at all times clean, smooth and mel-
"Flowers seem intended for the solace
of ordinary humanity. Children love
them; quiet, tender, contented, ordinary
people love them as they grow; luxurious
and disorderly people rejoice in them
gathered. They are the cottager's treas-
ure, and in the crowded town, mark, as
with a little broken fragment of rainbow,
the windows of the workers, in whose
hearts rests the covenant of peace. To
the child and the girl, to the peasant and
manufacturing operative, to the grisette
and the nun, the lover and the monk,
they are precious always. "-Ruskin.
Rejuvenating Fruit Trees.
A person who has some old pear trees
that have about run out, asks advice of
Popular Gardening and receives the fol-
lowing: Try the plan of digging a shal-
low trench, say one foot deep, six to
eight feet away from the body of the
tree, and throwing -into this a liberal
supply of sods, leaf mold, ashes, lime
and manure and covering with earth,
and then cut away all dead limbs and
give the body and limbs a good coat of
whitewash. We have seen old peach
trees renewed beyond belief by the pro-
EXPLANATIONS.-B, cattle stalls, 3:4x10 feet,
B, box stall 7yx10 fe4t. S 8, silo pits, each 9x14
feet; C. sheep stable, 14x38 feet; F, feed hall,
3x17 feet; D, cow stable with ten stalls, each
4x11 feet; H, stairway; E, feed hall 5%x44 feet;
G, horse stable, four stalls, each 5%xli feet, I,
box stall, 8x11 feet; R, root cellar, 14x14 feet.
The two square blocks are feed chutes; the
round white dot in feed room E, is where feed
falls from chute above. Windows are not
marked, as common, sense will teach a man
where to put them,
M, N, hay mow-the part M is elevated 7%
feet above the floor, leaving a floor under the
mow in connection with driveway, 30x30 feet,
for the storage of machinery and r< om for feed
grinder, cutting box, etc.; that part of mow
marked N drops down on level of floor of grain
room ; straw mow, over silo pits, elevated 8 feet
to make room for silo pits, grain bins, wool
room, etc.. B, wool room, 8x8 feet; D, feed hall.
21' feet wide; E, oat bin, 513,x8 feet; F. wheat
bin, 4x14 feet, U, grain mow, 14x28% feet; H H,
feed chutes: C, driveway, 12x80 feet. Barn floor
proper, 30x30 teet; 8, stairway.
0 p-
^--JJ- i.J
FIG. 8-STALL Doons.
Preventing Fire-fang.
To prevent manure from fire-fanging
make holes in the heap and pour cold
water in them. Manure must heat if it
decomposes, and water will often hasten
the process, but when it becomes so
heated as to fire-fang the result will be
a loss. Frequent turning over of the
heap, which exposes it to the air, cools
it. A pint of sulphuric acid in a pail of
water sprinkled through the mass with
Edited by WM. B. SCHRADER, Tallahassee, Fla
All inquiries relating to live stock should ba
addressed as above.
An Ohio Barn.
The following cuts, says the Ohio
Farmer, of Cleveland, 0., illustrate the
construction and conveniences of the
barn of Mr. F. P. Deming, Washington
county, O. The height of the first story,
from stable floor to second floor, is 8-4
feet; from second floor to eaves is 20 feet.
There is a lattice work under the roof, in
the gables, for ventilating purposes. The
stall and other stable doors are hung 11
feet above the stable floor to give room
for the accumulation of manure. When
enough has accumulated to be in the way
it can be loaded into a wagon or sled in
the driveway and hauled out. After the
grain has been threshed and straw stored,
over the silo and granaries, the grain
mow can be filled with fodder:
some suitable vessel will decompose it
and also prevent loss.-Practical Farmer.
Poland China Hogs.
Editor Florida Farmer and Fruit-Grower:
If you will allow me a little space in
your valuable paper, I would like to add
a little to N. W.'s piece on Poland China
hogs. I obtained a pair of as fine Poland
China pigs as can be found in the State,
and I can say they are the easiest hogs to
keep that I have ever had anything to
do with. They are the best hogs to
be petted and made of. They just
enjoy it.
I have had mine some 15 months; they
have cost me in that time for feed, $16.
I have sold one litter of pigs for $16, and
I have made about eight cords of manure
that I value at $5 per cord, making $40.
It is worth more than that to me.
Now, who can say that hogs don't pay
in Florida? I think the Poland Chinas
are the most profitable hogs one can
raise. The poorest of fences will keep
them out of fields. -My boar will dress
i400 pounds. That at 10 cents will be $40,
and he will go all of that. Iam in hopes
to see razor backs cleaned out and Poland
Chinas take their place. The heat don't
affect them any more than the razor
backs. I shall have another litter of pigs
soon. I hope to see our farmers killing
their razor backs and filling their places
with Poland Chinas. J. G.
SEFFNER, Hillsborough Co., Fla.,
April 14, 1888.
---._ --
A Suggestion About Sheep.
Editor Florida Farmer and ruit-Grower:
Reading an article in your paper on
Angora goats, etc., and seeing it men-
tioned that sheep do not do very well,
made me think that perhaps I could say
something that would help Florida, and
sheep raising in particular.
Twenty years ago I left England for a
short visit of about 18 months to Ade-
laide, South Australia. I traveled in-
land about 150 miles. Among other
things I noticed while there that sheep
did well, were always fat and easily
raised, and mutton was very cheap. It
seemed the more remarkable to me, as
it is a hot, sandy country, where the
summer lasts nine months of the year
and it seldom rains except during the
other three months, which are called
winter, when it rains about all the time.
During the summer months the grass is
about all dried up, and while other cattle
perish, sheep never do, but get fat on: a
low bush that is called salt bush. It
grows without cultivation in the sand,
and resembles low huckleberry bushes.
The idea occurs to me that if that salt
bush would grow in that sandy, hot
country, it would, no doubt, in Florida.
If so, then sheep would thrive, and many
thousands of Florida's waste acres might
be made to produce wool and mutton.
The first thing is to get the plants or
seeds and give it a trial. I know I have
made the suggestion In the right quar-
ter, and if it can be done you will find
means to do it. If the Australians can
come to this country and take back bees
to help raise their clover, we light also
do likewise.
It is not remarkable to see fine beef and
sheep in England, where the grass is so
plentiful, but I was surprised to see
sheep do so well in such a country as
Australia, and I know that is the secret
of their well doing, for I had charge of
a flock myself for three weeks, took them
out at sunrise and brought them home at
sundown, and I know grass was a scarce
thing, and that they fed on this bush,
and the water they drank in almost every
well was brackish, but the sheep did hot
seem to mind that. I was in 'the neigh-
borhood of the Moonta copper mines and
Wallaroo smelting works. I'hope this
hint may be the means of helping Flow-
ida, as I have recently bought land in
South Florida, and your welfare is mine
also. I take great interest in your paper.
We find valuable suggestions and ideas
useful to Florida people every week, and
it must be a great help to many.
RAISING PIGS FOR PROFIT. hogs, as they will push through regard-
less of cuts or scratches.
It is almost impossible to confine some
Much Loss and Vexation Saved sows when in heat, unless they are shut
by Judicious Planning. up in a pen for a few days, and this is
The well known agricultural writer, the proper thing to do. A boar should
Colonel F. D. Curtis, contributes the fol- always be kept in a tight yard, with a
lowing valuable article to the Country sleeping room connected with it. Here
Gentleman: he may be fed weeds, grass, cornstalks
I should not advise any one to attempt and other light food. A boar needs a
to keep hogs on the farm unless ar- chance to walk about or he will become
rangements had been made beforehand impotent. When the season for use is
for their care. When shut up in pens approaching, he requires a little grain,
they are not profitable beyond the ex- coupled with a constant variety of
tent of the milk from the dairy and the food.
house slops. Left to go where they An old breeding sow can be kept in a
may, they will always be destructive thrifty condition on the same amount of
and a constant torment, food it will take to raise a pig, and she
When complete arrangements are- certainly ought to be more profitable.
made for their confinement and for Some farmers think it pays well to win-
feeding them, they are less trouble than ter sows and sell all of the pigs when
any other kind of stock. The most per- four to six weeks old at the going rates,
fect plan would be to erect a hoghouse which-run, in my section, from $2 to $4
at the junction of four small fields, and according to scarcity. The sows are al-
have it connect with each one of them lowed to have two litters, the second
through small yards or passageways. one selling at about half the price of the
The hogs could then pass from each one spring born. The best meat is obtained
of these lots into the 'house to be fed. from the hogs one and a half years old,
In each inclbsure the hogs could be con- as it is more mature, and if 'they have
fined, divided according to their ages or been kept thrifty, it will contain more
size, so that they would not crowd or lean meat in proportion to the fat. This
fight each other, and all would have the is a desirable end to attain, as it will
same chance. During the spring the tend to make pork more popular and to
breeding sows could have the run of increase the demand and enhance the
these little fields, and be put together price. Pig pork wastes more in cooking.
into one, after the pigs were a few days More gain can be had during the first
old. No sow will ever injure the little year of a pig's life than any time after,
pigs of another, and when put together, ward.
in a day or two, they will all mingle to-
gether and occupy the same bed like one Whole Grain for Fatting Cattle
family. I have often divided up the Does it pay to grind corn for feeding
litters so that the sows would have an steers for beef in winter? is the question
even number, and when a small sow has that has been answered by trials at
more pigs than a large one, I have taken the Wisconsin experiment station. It
some of the pigs from the smaller one was found that the steers ate practically
and put them with the larger. These the same weight of bran and shelled
changes should be made before the milk corn as of bran and corn meal, but the
is dried up in the teats. After a few steers getting corn meal consumed 10 per
days each pig will select its own teat and cent. more of hay. As a result of con-
keep this one, unless it happens to be a suming this excess of hay, and having
pig extra large or strong, and then corn meal instead of shelled corn, one or
it will take possession of two. Some- both, the steers getting corn meal made
times a strong pig will rob a weak- a gain of 17 per cent. over the steers get-
er one of its teat,-and almost starve the ting shelled corn. But if hogs were kept
little one. This is apt to be the* case with the steers to work up what waste
whenever the litters are, large, or when grain was voided in the droppings, it
they outgrow the spaces between the was found that there was no-profit in
udders. Then the weaker pigs must grinding the corn, because enough more
wait, and get their suck from the sow profit is made on the hogs feeding on the
when she is feeding around on her feet. refuse of whole corn in the manure to
This affords a scanty subsistence, and it make up the gain by the meal-fed steers.
is not uncommon to see a 'titmouse" or This scientific demonstration of such an
two in all large litters, important practical matter Will be heed-
The starved pigs must be fed extra, or ed by many feeders this winter.-Farm
be taken from the sow, or they will die and Home.
from weakness. With the little lots, and
the house constructed with a number of Dogs vs. Sheep.
pens and suitable troughs, the pigs can
be fed with little trouble. There should It is claimed that there would to-day
be a supply of water in the building, and be 3,000,000 sheep in North Carolina but
bins to hold different kinds of food. for the number of dogs. It is said there
One of these little fields should always are not less than 850,000 dogs in that
be seeded in the early autumn with rye, State, and that the sheep eat the grass
for an early spring pasture, and one and the dogs eat the sheep. An effort
should be seeded with orchard grass, was made in the Legislature to
which is the earliest grass to afford- a tax the dogs, but it failed, of course,
bite. Three of the fields would afford a as all such efforts in the South
rotation for rye and pasture, leaving the do. Until the dogs are heavily taxed
orchard grass for a permanent one. we can never hope to do much in the
There should be a lane or connection line of sheep husbandry in the South,
to the main orchard for a general pas- except on large bodies of wild lands, re-
ture for all the hogs. Somewhere handy mote from settlements.-Southern Live
there should be a patch or field of sweet Stock Journal.
corn, to be cut in its season to give to
the hogs. To these cheap foods, includ- Keeping Old Sheep.
ing potatoes, or roots of any kind, An exchange says that it is folly to
weeds or clover, there may be added keep old sheep; that they should be fat-
middlings and meal to suit the case. tened and turned over to the butcher
Pigs reared in this way will make a -while in their prime. If the fattening
growth which will pay, and at the pens of mutton for sale were followed as a
manure may be made and saved equal business in the South, the above advice
in value to the average commercial. fer- would be excellent. But as they are
tilizer for enriching the soil. A field of allowed to roam at will, and are never
peas to turn the hogs into will afford a fat enough for the shambles, except
cheap amount of food, -and here they during the summer and fall, when the
may be fitted for butchering, prices of mutton are low, it hardly pays
There is no kind of a fence so well cal- the expense of forwarding them to a
culated to keep hogs in confinement as market.
one made of boards. It need not be
more than three and a half feet high, as A cow in milk should never be driven
hogs rarely jump over a fence, but faster than a walk. Good cows have
crawl through, or in the case of a stone large and well filled udders which cause
wall, climb over. A wire fence is the pain to them if. they are hurried or
poorest kind of an inclosure to stop driven on a run.
Edited by E. W AMSDEn, Ormond Fla.
All inquiries relating to poultry should be
addressed as above
A Means of Greatly Developing
the Poultry Business.
PANAMA PARK, Duval Co., Fla..
April 12th, 1888. "
Mr. E. W. Amsden, Ornmond. Fla.:
DEAR SIR.-I feel a great interest in
the poultry department of the FARMER
AND FRUIT-GROWER. I wish to learn all
I can about the ways of raising chick-
ens-in this State, and how to conquer
the difficulties attending it. But there
is one thing I have not seen mentioned
yet, and that is the use of incubators
and brooders for hatching. Do you use
them in Florida, or is there any objec-
tion to their use? I have been only two
months in Florida, and intend to go into
the poultry business, and any informa-
tion about the advantages or disadvan-
tages in the use of the incubators and
brooders that you can give through the
.friendly FARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER
will be thankfully received by one
who wishes to learn.
Yes, incubators and brooders are used
in Florida, but to what extent I do Lot
know. Two years ago I bought one of
100 eggs capacity, called the Centennial,
made at Rye, N. Y. While I did not
consider it did all that was claimed for
it, I succeeded in hatching from 70 to 85
per cent. of fertile eggs. The Perfect
Hatcher is in use in the State, but I con-
sider it too complicated, too much
electric machinery for a pioneer coun-
I have looked the matter over very
carefully, for I wanted one of a larger
capacity, and have ordered one of 200
eggs capacity, and a brooder from the
Prairie State Incubator Co., of Homer
City, Pa. Dr. Spalding, of Illinois, and
Sid Conger, of Indiana, recommended
them, and they have taken first premi-
ums at most of our leading poultry
shows during the fall and winter just
past, -not for display, but for actual
It is rather late to order one for this
season for use in Florida, but if you or-
der now you will have it on hand for
hatching broilers in October, November
and December. For hatching early pul-
lets for fall and winter layers, January,
February and March are the best months,
and unless an incubator is used they
cannot be hatched in large numbers, for
it is difficult to find broody hens at that
In this connection I will say that my
flock consists of sitters and non-sitters,
more than 100 in all, and have been lay-
ing (the whole flock) since December 1st,
and up to April 1st I have only four
broody hens. This is all owing to how
and what you feed.
I am glad Mr. Cueva is going to inves-
tigate the poultry business, for there is
nothing in Florida that promises better
returns for the capital invested, and
there is no limit to the amount that may
be invested in it. Nearly all the dressed
poultry, and~all the broilers, and almost
all the eggs used during our season of
visitors are imported. What benefit is
it to Florida if we have to import all we
feed the visitors if the money they leave
is returned to buy provisions? I would
like to see the statistics and know what
amount we do pay for poultry and eggs
outside the State. It would astonish
many. -
I am in receipt of a letter from Mr. F.
G. Underwood, of Milwaukee, Wiscon-
sin, in answer to inquiries about his
method of hatching and brooding by
heat from steam directly applied, and
regulated by an electric apparatus
which controls the heat to a degree. He
has a capacity of 4,000 eggs and the same
for as many chicks until three weeks
old, when they are transferred to a
building 200 feet long, which is heated
by hot water, and there kept until ready
for market, twelve to sixteen weeks.
He says the plant costs about $4,000.
He operates this hatching in mid-winter
in order to have broilers for March and
April. when they bring the highest price.
I venture to say a plant to cost $1,000
would do the work equally well in Flor-
Mr. Underwood says he could never
understand why broilers were not raised
in the South. Neither can I. Especially
now. when we have a home demand.
The cost of transportation of itself
would amount to a good profit, to say
nothing of the saving of 50 per cent. in
the cost of raising. Who will be the
first man to start a hatchery on a large
scale? I will guarantee a ready sale for
all that can be hatched, and can satisfy
any man as to profits on his invest-
There is one especial reason why Flor-
ida should be a profitable place for rais-
ing poultry. In every town of any im-
portance there is one or more hotels.
Here in Ormond we have one of the best
in the State. From February 15th to
April 15th there have been about 100
guests. The scraps from the table have
been sufficient to feed 2,000 poultry, and
it being such a variety it is the best pos-
sible feed, consisting, as it does, largely
of meat, bread and vegetables. If the
leavings from a table of 100 guests will
feed 2,000 fowls, how many head can we
keep without cost during the tourist
season? I say without cost, for our hotel
is alad to give it away to save haul-
I am going to convince the most skep-
tical that Florida is the place to raise
poultry, if facts and figures can do it.
I hope to present a full, detailed account
of Mr. Underwood's system of hatching
and brooding, in the near future.
How Many Eggs.
The hen lays about 120 eggs a year,
but some have laid as many as 180 eggs
during the year. The eggs hatch in three
weeks, and the chicks are ready for mar-
ket at from six weeks to three months
of age.
The turkey lays from 75 to 150 eggs in
a year and is capable of covering and
hatching 20 eggs. Four weeks are re-
quired for incubation and the young are
not sold until matured.
The ducks lay from 100 to 200 eggs in
a year, but the average is about the same
as that of the hen. The eggs require
four weeks for hatching, and the young
ducks may be marketed when three
months of age, at which time they are
more than half grown.
The guinea lays about 100 eggs and
four weeks are required for incubation.
They. are seldom marketed, being usual-
ly consumed on the farm. The eggsare
claimed to possess a rich yolk, and are
highly esteemed.
The goose lays about 20 eggs, but at
times they will reach as many as forty.
Four weeks is about the time for incu-
bation, or, rather, thirty days, and the
market is more favorable to geese under
one year of age.
Bad drainage has killed more pot
plants than growers have perhaps ever
PurifyinZ Manure.
We object to putting manure on our
soil without being purified, and this is
very important in all cases. Lime must
never be used in doing it. Salt and soot
are the two best purifiers, and a quanti-
ty of one or both should be used in all
mixed manure heaps. The manure may
all be mixed together first, then throw
soot over the top and begin turning the
heap over. As this goes on, throw more
soot in the center, and work it in so that
it will reach all parts. Salt may be used
in the same way, only not in such large
quantities, and if all who are troubled
with worms in their soil, or at the roots
of plants, would adopt this plan, they
would very soon be gratified with the
results.-Journal of Horticulture,
.di I* 1 1 the trees that have died. In walking
frfpi nufllurf 4tSk in the gardens one often hears the coun-
OF tryman remark, pointing to the young
trees growing amongst those already
MAL DI GOMMA. killed or soon to be attacked, "Excel-
lenza, there, after all, is the only rem-
The Disease Described-Means As for the future, that is to say, for
of Prevention and Cure. the young gardens now in formation, a
Through favor of Mr. F. L. Scribner, preventive, though not a radical rem-
of the Department of Agriculture, edy, seems to have been found from act-
Section othe Depar table Pthology, al practice. Experience, in fact, has-
Section of Vegetable Pathologyshown that the Melangolo resists the
we are enabled to present selec- disease better than the orange or the
tions from a translation of a valua- lemon, grown from the shoots or from
ble treatise on that chief enemy of the the seeds. Consequently the Melangolo
Italian orange growers, called is grown in new orchards and then
gomma. To show how much attention grafted with the more delicate species.
has been devoted to this disease we may From our present knowledge of the act-
mention that the writer of this treatise, ual state of things the only suggestions
Professor Eng. Giovanni Briozi, cites we can make to the practical farmers
fifty-four papers that have been pub- are:
lished relative to it. The direct cause of are:
the disease is believed to be a fungoid 1st. The orchards to be set out only
organism, which Professor Briozi names with Melangolo (bitter orange, citrus
Faisporium Limoni, yet he admits that bigaradia), grafted or to be grafted with
it may be "a simple incident of the dis lemons or oranges, at least one meter
ease, as a superficial fungus attracted (three feet) from the ground, thus to
there from the state of decomposition prevent the disease from reaching the
in which the disease tissues are root in case of the trunk being at-
formed." Omitting the techincal por- tacked.
tions of the treatise, we qliote as fol- 2d. In planting new trees to select
lows: land with a dry and porous subsoil, so as
HISTORY OF THE DISEAS. to prevent the water from remaining and
HISTORY OF THE DISEASE, becoming stagnant.
In 1862 a new disease of the acid fruit 8d, Not to irrigate excessively; too
trees, which has since assumed serious much water favors the spreading of the
proportions, was discovered in Sici y. disease.
To-day every one knows the great dam 4th. To follow the practice of forcing
a e done by the so called gum disease, the trees to bear fruit out of season by
which has destroyed the young trees of not irrigating at the proper time, but
entire provinces, and has reduced hun- only when the trees are ready to die of
dreds of families to poverty, who form drouth, the practice by which the trees
early from four hectares (ten acres) of are made to blossom at any desired
land, not only used to live in comfort, time; only when it is desired to kill the
but prospered and became rich. trees.
The damage already done may be cal 5th. To constantly watch the tree
culated to amount to 10,000,000 lies and as soon asit is attached, to cut, with
($2,000,000), and the gum disease which greatest care, at the diseased point, the
has reached besides the citrus trees of bark as well as the wood, until the
Sicily, Naples, Ligury, the Lake of healthy and white, part is reached; to
Garde, has become so extensive as to be extend the cut of the bark principally
a National calamity. Nqt only are the vertically until the wood is perfectly
agriculturists and proprietors directly white, or of the color shown when a cut
injured, but also the Communes; the is made in a healthy branch, to a con-
Provinces and the Government have siderable distance above theplace where
taken an interest in the matter, and sev the gum has made its appearance. It
eral scientific societies, at different would be a good precaution, in the un-
times have been formed to study and certainty in which we now are as to the
investigate the subject. Lately the Sec- cause of the evil, to burn the wood cut
retary of Agriculture,with praiseworthy out, and to apply to the wound a sub-
enterprise, offered 25.000 lires to any one stance slightly caustic.
who would find a sure remedy. 6th. When the evil has its source at
The scourge is not limited to our coun- the root of the trees, which is discovered
try. As early as 1882 it was observed in by the leaves becoming yellow suddenly
the Azores (Island St. Miguel), in the or- (a fact which may be due to other dis-
ange plantations of which it originated, ease), the case is more serious, and the
and where, towards 1840, it reached its tree is saved with greater difficulty. At
maximum of intensity and destroyed any rate, uncover the roots immediately,
one-fourth of the orange trees on the and carefully cut away those which are
Island, as stated by Fougue in the Reou attacked (the bark is softened, muoilagi-
des deui Monde8. In the year 1845 It nous, blackened and of bad odor), cover
appeared in Portugal, where it was very the roots rather slightly so as to be able
destructive from 1858 to 1861, as was no. to examine them if necessary; then to
ticed by the best agronomists of the suspend the irrigation for some time.
country, and the reports of the Italian 7th. To have constantly on hand new
Councils interrogated on the subject by plants to replace the dead ones.
the Secretary of Agriculture. Prof. 8th. Lastly, to try on a large scale
Wohler, in 1871, found it in Baleario the mineral fertilizers (in Sicily almost
Island, where it has done, and is still unknown), at least as an experiment.
doing, great injury. But it seems to be It is well known that the Melangolo is
unknown in Greece and several islands rather slow In its development, especially
of the Archipelago. when it is young, for which reason the
It is impossible to conceive the num- different varieties of fruits grafted on it
ber of remedies that have been tried never succeed as well in quality and
There is no unguent or powder that the form as those grafted on lemons: or or-
druggist can furnish that has not been anges, and they do not escape the dis-
experimented with upon the trees af- ease entirely, but only resist the evil
fected with the gum disease. Yet, not- better.
withstanding the thorough investiga Several proprietors of Catania, and
tion of the scientific commission ap- among them some of the beet, showed
pointed by the Government in 1868, in- me, several years ago, new gardens
vestigations directed more to prevent grafted on grove lemons exclusively,
than to cure the evil, and the very cred- saying it was all the same since what
itable observations and researches of was gained with the Melangolo in har-
Prof. Gasperini, De Lucca Vilrestri, diness was lost in 'Its slo* develop-
Tornabene, etc., it may still be truth- ment.
fully said that nothing of value has yet
been found either with regard to the DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE.
cause of the disease, or the remedy for A fluid substance, dark, muddy and
it. of bad odor, which looks like gum, but
The evil continues, and the agricul- a gum aud generic, which appear decay-
turists protect themselves from its ray- ed, is seen in great quantity more or less
ages only by cultivating the vigorous suddenly on the. trunk of the tree or di-
shoots which spring up from the roots of rectly on the root. The bark, where at-
tacked, splits, rises, dries or rots, and
the foliage at first becomes yellow, and
little by little it loses its strength and
dies. Such are, in a few words the ex-
ternal symptoms whidh appear upon the
trees which die of the gum disease.
The disease consists in a gummy ef-
fusion, which appears principally in
spring and autumn on the trunk of the
trees near the ground or directly on the
root. The disease makes its appearance
by some drops of gum on the bark of the
trunk, which still seems in good health.
Then the effusion increases, the bark ap-
pears to melt or become honey combed,
the gum increasing becomes liquid,
brownish, muddy and of bad odor.
In summer or winter when the run-
ning decreases or stops, the greater part
of the bark around the centre of infec-
tioff is found detached from the wood
and dpad; if dry, it is raised and becomes
hard and brittle. The surface of the
wood underneath is also changed and by
a single attack of the disease, a great
part of the surrounding tissue, upward
and downward as well as horizontally
(the most vital part) of the trunk, are de-
prived of their vegetative functions and
in a few years, by successive attacks,
the plants perish, the disease destroying
at each attack a new portion or layer of
cambium and of the remaining part of
the bark, until it has made the round of
the trunk. This causes all communica-
tion between the roots and top to cease
in those tissues intended to make;the cir-
culation of the sap more perfect. And
this is in general the case when trees
are grafted on Melangolo near the
Sorretimes the disease does not stop at
the point where the tree was grafted,
but runs directly from the trunk to the
roots, or else attacks the latter directly
without appearing above the ground,
and the destruction of the plant is more
rapid. The bark of the roots rapidly
putrifies, and the loss of the tree may fol-
low in less than a year, and it is partic-
ularly the case with the grafted lemons.
Seedlings Set in Grove Form
and Budded Afterwards.
Editor Florida Farmer and Fruit- Grower:
Theory is all right after practice has
elucidated it, and time, that proves all
things, has satisfactorily solved the
problem. Probably there are more
plans for making citrus groves than the
total number in the State. Slight vari-
ations from beaten paths are to be ex-
pected, owing to local differences in the
topography of the land, soil and other
obvious reasons.
Citrus trees are-the most tenacious of
life of any tree or shrub known to the
horticulturist. Whenever a serious ac
cident happens to an orange tree, nature
steps in ahead of all quack doctors and
makes good the injury in the shortest
possible time, and thereafter, if judici-
ously fed and cultivated, will respond
right royally to increase the balance in
bank of the fortunate owner.
In this connection it should be borne
in mind that the vital or vulnerable part
of an orange tree, or any other ever-
green, is its roots, and the foundation of
diseased trees can be traced to the worse
than criminal neglect in exposing them
to sun and wind when being trans-
planted. If you bring a mole or sala-
mander to the surface the first thing
they do is to attempt to get under ground
again in the shortest possible time, and
so would the roots of the orange tree if
they only had the power of volition.
But the all absorbing question is,
What is the best plan- for making a
grove? Seven years ago Captain E. A.
Shaw (lately deceased) located at Orlan-
do, and began to make a grove. After
properly preparing the land the work
of setting out seedling trees was com-
menced. Trees averaging one to one and
one-half inches at the crown were se-
lected, with the all important requisite
of good roots and plenty of them. He
then cut back his newly set out trees to
about 18 inches in height, not even leav-
ing a limb or leaf upon them. 'Persons
passing his grounds would often remark,
"That man is going to set out a grove.
See, he has the stakes set."
In a short time the work of nature
commenced to repair the injury done by
cutting back the trees, by forcing a
profuse growth of sprouts from the
ground to the top of each "stub."
Within two months from the setting out
they were budded to choice varieties,
and when the buds had reached a length
of three feet they were "pinched" to
cause the new wood to harden. At this
stage of growth the water sprouts were
gradually cut off until the bud only was
Now comes the secret of success. Feed
and cultivate judiciously, if you desire
a fine and valuable property to come
into your possession in a shorter time
than by any other plan that has proved
itself. Captain Shaw gathered paying
crops of fruit from his grove from and
after the third year from setting out,
and theotwo last crops have been large.
The people of Florida, and especially
orange growers, should hold Captain
Shaw's memory in grateful esteem -for
solving this great problem.
CHULUOTA, Orange Co., Fla.
The Enemy Opens Fire Again-
Reinforcements Expected.
Editor Florida Farmer and Fruit- Grower:
I have read with interest Mr. Horne's
corroborative testimony, although I
suppose he did not intend it to be such,
in connection with'a recent article from
myself on dormant peach buds. He
opens up by saying that he thinks my
overcharged(?) gun has done no damage,
unless I myself have been kicked over by
it, and then goes on to confirm the very
statements that I made.
He says: "I want your readers to un-
derstand that I do not contend that
these dormant buds are the best trees for
people who do not understand them, or
who will not give them their personal
attention, for they require an extra
amount of care. They have to be looked
after often to see that the ground crick-
ets do not cut them down, and that the
young buds are not broken off by the
plow. Some seasons the ground crickets
are bad and at other times they are not
at all troublesome. I admit that the
dormant buds require more attention
for two or three months than year old
trees." But to somewhat qualify this
corroborative testimony, he preludes the
above by saying: "I have said, and so
say again, that I can take dormant buds
and make as pretty an orchard as with
buds of one or two years' growth."
Why, of course he can! If he- could
not he would lay poor claim to being a
nurseryman. But the fact remains that
but a small proportion of the purchasers
of the trees are nurserymen, either pro-
fessional or amateur. A nurseryman
can make any shaped tree he desires, if
he will start with it from the ground, -
and give it the proper attention. If the.
mole cricket cuts off the bud he can
take another bud of the same kind from
some other tree and insert it in the same
sttck, after first letting the sprouts grow
on the stalk- long enough to establish
sufficient flow of sap. If the plowboy
knocks the bud out, he can do the
same thing. He can stake it and make
it grow straight, and he can smear it
with fresh blood or grease and keep the
rabbits from eating it, or, as a last resort
(which I prefer) as the first, he can draw
on his own nursery, and set out a one-
year old tree to take its place, and thus
save all this "chewing the bag" which
Mr. Horne quotes .so much, and have a
taste of the pudding itself, which is far
more satisfactory, in -a shorter time and
with less trouble.
The point I intended to make in my
previous article Mr. Horne has only em-
phasized, viz: that to the average plan-
ter the peach tree in dormant bud does
not give satisfaction. What he has
done in the capacity of a nurseryman
has but little bearing on the subject as
far as the average planter is concerned.
The proof that he offers in mainten-
ance of his point is prospective, viz.,
that if, wanted he "will give the ad-
dresses of various .parties who. have
bearing trees from dormant buds."
Well, let's have the proof. But to make
it so in fact as well as in name, I trust
Mr. Horne will allow me to furnish an
appendix to his list of addresses, some
that he might overlook. I am perfectly
willing to aid him in this way, and thus
make the list as complete as possible.
The addresses are all to be of parties who
have obtained dormant buds from the
same source.
I am afraid, however, that the weight
of the testimony would be on the wrong
side for the advocate of dormant buds,
and, in Jact, contain a more vigorous
"kick" than "the gun did which Mr.
Horne-thinks was loaded for bear.
GLEN ST. MARY. Fla.,
April 14, 1888.
Who Introduced the Carob Tree
If Mr. R. A. Mills had taken the trouble
to have visited Mr. A. I. Bidwell's place
on the occasion of his visit to Orlando, he
might have seen a specimen of Ceratonia
siligua 12 or 15 feet in height. Major A.
J. Adams, at Manatee, also has a fine
specimen eight or ten years old, and Mr.
Bryan, of Jacksonville, has a plant two
or three years old.
There are doubtless others throughout
the -State. Some of our nurserymen
have catalogued and sold them for the
last two years, and the seed can be pur-
chased in any quantity from some of the
leading New York seedsmen. So we do
not understand how any one should have
had difficulty in procuring either seeds
or plants of this comparatively well
known tree. P. W. REASONER.
T. S. writes: "Mr. John Thorburn, of
15 John street, New York City, will fur-
nish seeds of Geratonia siliqua at 25
cents per ounce."
.Saving Girdled Trees.
When trees have been girdled by an-
imals or otherwise, a contributor to
Popular Gardening recommends the fol-
lowing methods:
When merely the outside bark is. eat-
en-off-the banking of the earth over the
damage is sufficient. But if eaten in to
the solid wood, the tree is as- good as
gone unless proper means are applied.
The plan of procedure in the latter
case is to cut scions, say six inches long
with a little bend in them. Shave the
inside about an inch to a sharp edge,
cut a little of the outside -off near the
point, cut into the bark of -the tree
above the barked part upwards so as to
invert the graft. Lay the graft so as to
see where to cut into the bark on the
lower side. Bend the graft so that when
you insert it it will fit tightly above and
below: cement well with wax at both
ends, then bank earth over all. A tree
two inches in diameter should have at
least two grafts; one three inches, three
grafts, and so on up to six inches in di-
ameter, for I-have saved trees as large as.
The grafts will make the connection,
and the tree will grow as if nothing had
happened to it. I have bad trees close
all around in a few years, and bear fruit
sooner than others beside them never
Shipping Cucumbers.
We do not .always exercise the care
which we should in assorting and pack-
ing our vegetables for market. A rough,
cracked, worm eaten, specked or bruised
tomato, should always be thrown aside
with the cuils. Just as those faulty ones
begin to ripen, they will begin to decay;
and.a very few rotten ones will affect
the sale'of a whole shipment. We speak
of this matter because we have seen the
class of stuff mentioned packed for mar-
ket, and the country and the commission
merchants have to bear the blame.
Winter and early spring shipments
the factory, one can form an estimate of
the quantity expected to be raised in the
surrounding country this season.
The factory for making fruit and vege-'
table boxes began operations some weeks
ago. Many young ladies find emyloy-
ment here, and they soon become ex-
perts at the work.- They drive a nail ,as
squarely as their brothers (they don't
mash their fingers, either), and many of
them earn as much per day as do the
gentlemen; Two machines are now used
for making- strawberry -crates. Four
girls keep the machines running..
Both in and around the village all
truckers are busy-with tomatoes, trans-
planting them from the hot-bed to the
cold-frame. About 800 acres will be
grown in tomatoes in this immediate
vicinity.- Radishes will soon be ready
for shipment. Peas have been planted
in large quantities, and as many beans
will be planted. Fruit and berry crops
at present promise a fine yield..
Seedling itaising.-bome years ago E.
S. Carman got together all manner of
Geraniums, every kind hecould,-both'at
home and abroad, and- devoted two-years
to cross-fertilizing and raising new va-
rieties from them. At one time he had
2,500 of his seedlings growing in his ex-
periment grounds. And he frankly- ad-
mits that not one of them was superior
to sorts already at that time in cultiva-
tion. -
twelve inches high, commonly shorter
than the glossy, fleshy leaves, and bears
a single, pink-white, bell-shaped flower,
two to. three inches long and sweet-
scented. From all accounts I judge it
to be far more abundant in Georgia, Al-
abama and the Carolinas than in this
State. Though introduced into English
gardens about two centuries ago, it is
said to be far from abundant there now,
in'general collections.
Z. Treatise, commonly known as Fairy
Easter Grass, or Star Lily, is an exquisite
little. species, native of our flat woods.
In some localities, after the woods have
been burned over, it springs up in count-
less hundreds, its delicately-scented
white flowers, sometimes tinged with
pink, presenting a beautiful appearance.
It was discovered by Mrs. Mary Treat, of
New Jersey, in compliment to whom it
was named by Mr. Soreno Watson.
The flowers are almost identical with
those, of the first mentioned species, but
the leaves are very narrow, semi-terete,
and but little developed when the flow-
era first appear. The cut gives a very
correct idea of the flowers of both spe-
cies, but they can readily be distin-
guished by the foliage .
Only yesterday I discovered a colony
of Z. Tr'eatie in the flat woods, and in a
short timpedug- over two hundred of the
bulbs. I. shall put them- out' in 'little
groups about the yard, where they can
throw up 'their fairylike blossoms at their
should be well ripened before being *
packed for shipment; as during cold I t tl ,
weather they ripen but little in transit. -
As the season advances they must be Edited by P. W. REASONER Manatee, Fla
shipped greener. But never until they Address, until M at Sub-Tropical Expoms-
are grown.-Proceedings Home, Farm tion, Jacksonville, La.
and Grove Society, of Clear Water Har-
bor. ..- Zephyr Flowers.
A Mississippi Canning Factory. BY WALTER N. PIKE.
A correspondent of the Southern Cul- Zephyranthes, from zephyros, the west
tivator writes as follows from Crystal wind, and anthos, a flower, is the ge-
Springs, a locality in southern Mississip- neric name of a class of charming little
pi noted for truck farming and fruit bulbous plants belonging to the Amyril-
growing: lis family. Fable has it that their beau-
In Crystal Springs a canning factory tiful, fairyhke blossoms sprang from the
is making rapid progress towards corn- caresses of the soft west wind. They are
pletion. It will be ready for the first- also called Fairy Lilies, and the name is
fruits of the season. Its capacity for most appropriate.
absorbing tomatoes will be 1,000 -bushels Three species are natives of the United
per day. The-pea huller will shell 1,000 States, and twoof them are found within
bushels of peas per day. All kinds -of the limits of Florida. Z. Atamasco
fruits and vegetables grown in the vicin- (Atamasco lily) occurs in damp, rich soil
ity will be used, and as little beside that from Florida northward as far as Vir-
which is unmarketable will be sold to ginia. The terete scape is from six to
own sweet will. I should be glad to
communicate with some one where Z.
Atnamasco is plentiful.
Z. (Habranthus) Andersoni is a yellow
flowered Texas species, which I have re-
cently procured and will report upon
later. It will most likely prove per-
fectly at home in this State.
Z. Candida was introduced from Peru
in 1822. It increases very rapidly, soon
forming dense clusters. Both flowers
and leaves are small, the former white,
the latter very dark green and rush-like.
It is said to bloom most abundantly in
dry, hot weather.
Z. rose came from Havana in 1828.
The fine large rose colored flowers are
very pretty, and produced in the great-.
est abundance. P1 have flowered these
two species at the North, and have just
planted out a clump of each here.
Z. carinata is another beautiful, deep.
rosy pink species, introduced from Mex-
ico in or about 1820.
Z. terecultda, another rosy species, is
also a native of Mexico.
Z. mesochloa, bearing white flowers
with a green centre, was introduced
from Buenos Ayres in 1825.
Z. chloroleuca is a greenish flowered
species but seldom seen.
Z. striata, from Mexico, and Z. tubis-
patha, from South America, are both
white flowered species.
In Europe the Zephyr flowers are
highly prized, but it is doubtful if bulbs
of any except the first five mentioned
could be procured in this country. For
growing in pots for winter flowers, or in
the open ground in summer at the North,
they give great satisfaction, and I can-
not see why they may not prove beauti-
ful additions to Southern yards.
"JESSAMINE GARDENS," CHIPCO, Pasco
Co., Fla., April 8, 1888.
Floricultural Hints.
We borrow the following from that
excellent journal, Popular Gardening,
published monthly at Buffalo, N. Y.:
We make our' for ferns and flowers
in bad weather in winter. Two sizes of
wire are required, One to form the
framework and strong enough to bear
considerable pressure when made into a
basket. A pair of pliers and a small cut-
ting instrument to cut the wire into
lengths are required. A basket is formed
of three circurlar rings, made of the
strongest wire. The smallest ring is
placed at the bottom, the largest at the
top, the other size between. Our bas-
kets are made some a foot in size and
some quite small. A small ring of a
lesser-sized wire is to form the center in
the bottom, and from this ring pieces of
wire just long enough to reach round
the sides of the basket and fasten at the
top are placed at regular intervals of 2
to 3 inches all round the basket till the
whole is bound neatly and strongly to-
gether. Four pieces of wire are then
fastened .in the top to hang it up by.
The whole is painted two coats, and
when the paint is dry the baskets may
be lined with moss, and then filled with
anything appro rate. We always cov-
er the sides of the baskets with hanging
growth, so that no part of the basket is
F. E. Briggs prepares soil for house
plants: Great heaps of leaves are raked
up in the fall, avoiding those of the oak,
which are said to contain too much tan-
nin. These in spring, much reduced, are
transferred to a bin in the cellar holding
three or four bushels, and'composted in
this way: to each bushel of leaves was
added about half a bushel of garden
earth, a peck of sand, and a peck of old
manure, all occasionally stirred;' once or
twice in summer a pail of hot, strong
suds added. By fall it -was like meal,
and suited most plants.. Reserves of
sand and .manure are kept for special
Good feeding must attend rapid
growth, in trees and plants as well as in
Tie Flonia m a|i Fril t Grero
A. W. CuRTasm. Elitor.
Ofee Cor. Bay and Laura Sts. l
eROWB Isan ecght Imletolumn ilustm-
ted week new er devoted to the Farm,
ONe Orhard and Household Economy,
tot epromoMtn f the agrlC tUan i
lnd~rlallnterea oFlorlda. -t 1at published
every Wednesday.
Terms or Saheriptlin.
Ior- one ar..--- ,2.00 i
For six mOnths 1.00
Clubs of fve to one address. 7.80
With dailly TIMES-UNION one year.. 11.00
d TIMES-UNIO 8, six months .00
With WEEKLY TIMES one year.... 2.75
-Sunbcripltons in all cases cash In ad- s
vance, and no paper continued after the
expiration of the time paid for. The date on
the printed label with which the papers are
addressed Is the date to which the subecrp-
tlion Is paid and Is equivalent to a receipt for c
payment to that date; if the date la not
changed immediately after a new payment, 8
the subsriber will please notify s at once.
ADVERTISEMINTS Inserted to a limited
extent. Rates furnished on application.
CORRESPONDENCE solicited on all sub- d
Jects dealt with by this Journal. All com-
munacatlons Intended for publication should
be written on one side of the paler, and 8
should he accompanied by the writer's na e,
which will be withheld from the public when V
so requested. Unpracticed writers may rest
assured that their communications will be a,
ubllshed in proper fobrnL. Facts on all in A|
ustrial subjects, from all parts of the State
we earnestly desire, without regard to form L
of expression.
REMITTANCES should be made by Check b
Postal Note Money Order, or Registered ft
Letter, to order of
FLORIDA FARMER AND FRUIT GROWER i
Jacksonville Fla
FLORIDA'S EXPERIMENT STATION. w
From certain statements which have pf
appeared in our columns, it would ap- ts
pear that that those who have the direction b
in this State of the experimental work sc
authorized by the Batch act, are in pi
doubt as to the legality of locating the of
work, or expending the' appropriation, fo
at more than one place. This question "1
hinges, of course, on the interpretation is.
of the law. If the opinion prevail that e3
the station be located on or attached to itr
the farm of the State Agricultural Col- fa
lege, then the work will be concentrated se
at Lake City. In such event the south- in
ern portion of the State will be deprived it
of the benefits of the act in a large de- is
gree. Yet that portion of the State te
needs such work as is contemplated w
much more than the northern, because au
the northern portion of Florida will have su
the benefits of the work carried on at Tn
stations in neighboring States, of
It is not to be doubted that those on fo
whom the organization of the work de- co
volves, fully recognize the needs of isl
South Florida, and we presume they are dii
holding this point of law in advisement,
and that they may already have arrived $1
at what we would term a favorable de- co
cision. We are quite sure that favorit- hoe
ism for sections, localities or persons to
will have no influence with any one an
now connected with this institution, and $71
that, while aiming to act in conformity pe
with the act, they will have fully in or
mind the high purpose it was intended ne
to subserve. o ]
This is a subject that directly interests th<
most of our readers, and it should re- leg
ceive their earnest consideration. The col
letter of the law must govern its appli- so,
cation, and in order that all may have th<
equal means of forming an opinion in Do
regard to it we publish its full text on poi
the opposite page. In so doing we beg th<
Sto call attention to some points which ta
may be regarded as of- doubtful mean-
The first section of this act states that
'there shall be established under direc-
ion of the [agricultural] college or col-
leges, or agricultural department of col
eges, in each State or Territory *
i department to be known and desig-
nated as an 'Agricultural Experiment
Station:? Provided, that in any State or
Territory in which two such colleges
have been or may be so established, the
appropriation hereinafter made to such
State or Territory shall be equally di-
vided between such colleges, unless the
Legislature of such State or Territory
hall otherwise direct." When there is
me agricultural college in a State, as
here is in Florida, that college has full
control of the expenditure of the fund,
abject to a constant supervision by the
United States Commissioner of Agricul-
are (as specified in Section 8), being in-
ependent of State authority, but pub-
shingits annual statements, for form's
ake, as reports to the Governor.
ihen, however, there are two or more
agricultural colleges, or experiment
nations already established, then the
legislature may (not must or shall) ar-
itrate as to an equitable division of the
md between them.
This idea is expressed with sufficient
learness in the concluding provision of
section 1, and in Section 8 it is elaborated
iith regard to experiment stations al-
>ady established when this act was
passed, and with regard to similar insti-
itions that may in future be established
y the States. Just here we believe
ime people have stumbled in inter-
reting this act From a hasty reading
'Section 8, especially if the reader con
iund "said act of July second" with
this act." it might appear that the Leg-
lature has control of this fund to the
tent of preventing its use in any local-
y not already devoted to experimental
rm work. A careful reading of this
action shows that it has no such mean-
g, and, in fact, that there is nothing in
applicable to the State of Florida.' It
evident that the framers of the bill in-
nded to provide against interference
ith the experiment stations by State
Authorities. The appropriation for their
Dport may be deposited with the State
teasurer, provided the governing board
the college so directs. The act calls
r Legislative sanction before it can be
me operative in any State. The Leg-
ature of Florida gave its sanction, and
d nothing more relative to the subject.
It is plain that every cent of Florida's
5,000 annuity goes to her agricultural
liege, to be used for agricultural and
rticultural experimentation according
the judgment of the governing board,
d that only $8,000 the first year, and
50 each succeeding year, can be ex-
oded "in the erection, enlargement,
repair of a building or buildings
essay for carrying on the work."
Now the question arises, Shall or may
e authorities of our agricultural col-
;e expend this money solely on the
lege farm at Lake City? If they do
the will of the people and intent of
law will most assuredly be thwarted.- t
es the letter of the law cover this ]
nt? Section 2 states in a general way (
S"object and duty" of the experiment I
tons. It might have been more ex- I
plicit, but it is quite obvious that the
provisions of this section cannot be car-
ried out unless the experimental work
be done in different localities, especially
in a State embracing many degrees of
latitude. Among the objects and duties
of the station, is the testing of "the ca-
pacity of new plants or trees
for acclimation," the "adaptation and
value of grasses and forage plants," etc.
Now, it is impossible to determine at
Lake City, which is north of the 30th
degree of latitude, what plants will suc-
ceed in the latitude of 28, or 26, or 25 de-
grees. Certain "grasses -and forage
plants" may have an "adaptation and
value" in latitude 26 degrees very differ-
ent from what they have in latitude 30
degrees, and those that are well adapted
to a section abounding in clay may not
succeed in a region of limestone or deep
sand. If, then, the requirements.of the
act cannot be carried out in a single lo-
cality, several localities should be se-
lected for such work as needs to be local-
ized. Another of the duties of the ex-
periment stations is to investigate "the
diseases to which thy [plants and ani-
mals] are severally subject, with reme-
dies for the same." Does any one be-
lieve that this work should be restricted
to diseases that develop in plants and
animals on the college farm at Lake
City, or that diseased plants and ani-
mals are to be brought there for study?
Diseases are largely local, and governed
by climate, soil, etc. It is plainly im-
possible to carry out the requirements of
this act in any single locality, or bi con-
fining the work wholly to "stations',"
even if there be a dozen of them.
-We believe it would be best for both
institutions if they were wholly distinct,
but it is generally expected that they
will he closely connected. Yet it is not
so required by this act. It simply says,
"There shall be established, under the
direction of" the agricultural college or
colleges of each State, "a department to
be known and designated as an 'Agri-
cultural Experiment Station.'" The Ex-
periment Station is to be a "department"
of the college. The postal service was
established sa department of the United
States Government. It was not intended
to be carried on wholly at the seat of
government, but in thousands of locali-
ties. The worn of this department of
experimentation should be carried on in
similar manner. It needs to be carried
on mainly in the field, and it should be
done wherever the best opportunities and
facilities are presented.
The central direction should issue from
the agricultural college, and, presuma-
bly, the central offices and laboratories
should be located on the college farm. I
The work contemplated is not of a char- i
acter to be very instructive or intelligible
to college students, and their admission
to the experimental grounds might in
many ways prove objectionable. A dis- i
tinct line of work should be carried on
on the college farm, designed to teach t
the best methods already well estab- s
wished by usage. e
The law makes no provision for the t
ground required. It Is a mere presump- t
ion that the college farm is to be used. t
But suppose the college farm does not c
wn as much land already as it needs for
ts own proper farming operations. In c
'uch case is it to curtail its own opera- o
tions for the benefit of the station? or is
the latter to do nothing because it has no
land to use-nothing but men, imple-
ments and money? According to the
opinion that has been advanced our sta-
tion must take' possession of the .whole
or a portion of the college farm at Lake
City, or else the new law becomes inope-
rative in Floridal We appeal again to
the text of the law. Section 5 prescribes
that $15,000 per annum shall be provided
"for the purpose of paying the necessary
expenses of conducting investigations
and experiments, and printing and dis-
tributing the results." It imposes but
one restriction as to the use of the money,
namely, that for the necessary buildings
not more than $3,000 may be used the
first year, and not more than $750 each
succeeding year. The framers of the bill
foresaw that without such provision
much of the appropriation might be
used for the erection of -costly additions
to college buildings.
- Some seem to think that land cannot,
be bought with this money, because the
act does not specially authorize its pur-
chase. No more does it authorize the
use of the money for the purchase of
implements and seeds, nor for the pay-
ment of employes. It simply provides
for the payment of such expenses as
the Director may deem necessary for
carrying out the line of work he may
decide on. He may hire assistants by
the year or day; he may buy or hire
horses and implements; he may buy
seeds, fertilizers and chemicals; and why
should he not buy or lease tracts of land
of different qualities and in different lo-
calities? There is nothing in this act to
prevent acquisition of land. On the con-
trary, the carrying out of its provisions
requires that land be acquired in some
manner, either by gift, lease or purchase.
If the law said, "There shall be estab-
lished a station," it would seem to re-
quire that the work be carried on in one
locality. But by this law "Agricultural
Experiment Station" becomes the name
of a department of a college. Now, the
departments of a college or university
may be located in widely separated
places. The medical department of the
University of Florida was established at
Jacksonville and the literary department
at Tallahassee, because at those places
superior facilities were offered for carry-
ing on the University work. 'And so
with the department to be known as the
Experiment Station; it should be located
where the objects for which it was estab.
ished can best be carried out.
There is no doubt that the Hatch act
requires that the experimental work
shall centre at and radiate from-the col-
ege at Lake City, and we believe there
a no more doubt that the work should
be as widely distributed through the
State as the appropriation will .allow-
Ehe act was passed, in reality, by the
peoplee for their equal benefit, the work
s to be paid for by them without distinc-
ion of sections, and all sections should
hare equally in its benefits. The act
must be carried out, however, according
o its letter or legal interpretation, and
he views we have advanced are in-
ended as suggestions to those who may
are to give the subject careful study.
We shall be happy to publish the views
f others, whether they coincide with
urs or not.
Providing $15,000 Annually
for the Use of Each State.
An act to establish agricultural experiment sta-
tions in connection with the colleges establish-
ed in the several States under the provisions of
an act approved July 2, 1862, and of the acts
supplementary thereto.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress as-
sembled. That in order to aid in acquir-
ing and diffusing among the people of
the United States useful and practical
information on subjects connected with
agriculture, and to promote scientific in-
vestigation and experiment respecting
the principles and appliances of agri-
cultural science, there shall be estab-
lished, under direction of the college or
colleges, or agricultural department of
colleges, in each State or Territory es-
'tablished, or which may hereafter be es-
tablished, in accordance with the pro-
visions of an act approved July second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled
"An act donating public lands to the
several States and Territories which may
provide colleges for the benefit of agri-
culture and the mechanic arts," or any
of the supplements to said act, a depart-
ment to be known and designated as an
"Agricultural Experiment Station:"
Provided, that in any State or Territory
in which two such colleges have heen or
may be.so established the appropriation
hereinafter,made to such State or Terri-
tory shall be equally divided between
such colleges, unless the Legislature of
such State or Territory shall otherwise
SEC. 2. That it shall be the object
and duty of said Experiment Stations to
conduct original researches or verify ex-
periments on the physiology of plants
and animals; the diseases to which they
are severally subject, with the remedies
for the same; the chemical composition
of useful plants at their different stages
of growth; the comparative advantages
of rotative cropping as pursued under a
varying series of crops; the capacity of
new plants or trees for acclimation; the
analysis of soils and water; the chemical
composition of manures, natural or arti-
ficial, with experiments designed to test
their compatative effect on crops of
different kinds; the adaptation and
value of grasses and forage plants; the
composition and digestibility of the dif-
ferent kinds of food for domestic ani-
mals; the scientific and economic ques-
tions involved in the production of but-
ter and cheese, and such other re-
searches or experiments bearing directly
on the agricultural 'industry of the
United States, as may in each case be
deemed advisable, having due regard to
the varying conditions and needs of the
respective States or Territories.
SEC. 8. That in order to secure, as far
as practicable, uniformity of methods
and results in the work of said stations,
it shall be the duty of the United States
Commissioner of Agriculture to furnish
forms, as far as practicable, for the tabu-
lation of results of investigation or ex-
periments; to indicate, from time to
time, such lines of inquiry as to him
shall seem most important; and, in gen-
eral, to furnish such advice and assist-
ance as will best promote the purposes of
this act. It shall be the duty of each of
said stations, annually, on or before the
first day of February, to make to the
Governor of the State or Territory in
which it is located, a full and detailed
report of its operations, including a state-
ment of receipts and expenditures, a
copy of which report shall be sent to
each of said stations, to the said CLommis-
Soner of Agriculture, and to the Secre-
tary of the Treasury of the United States.
SEC. 4. That bulletins or reports of
progress shall be published at said sta-
tions at least once in three months, one
copy of which shall be sent to each news-
paper in the States or Territories in
which they ar6 respectively located, and
to such individuals actually engaged in
farming as may request the same, and
as far as the means of the station will
permit. Such bulletins or reports and
the annual reports of said stations shall
be transmitted in the mails of the United
States free of charge for postage, under
such regulations as the Postmaster-
General may from time to time pre-
SEC. 5. That for the purpose of pay-
ing the necessary expenses of conduct-
ing investigations and experiments, and
printing and distributing the results, as
hereinbefore prescribed, the sum of fif-
teen thousand dollars per annum is
hereby appropriated to each State, to be
specially provided for by Congress in the
appropriations from year to year, and to
each Territory entitled under the pro-
visions of section eight of this act, out
of any money in the Treasury proceed-
ing from the sales of public lands, to be
paid in equal quarterly payments, on the
first day of January, April, July and
October in each year, to the treasurer or
other officer duly appointed by the gov-
erning boards of said colleges to receive
the same, the first payment to be made
on the first day of October, eighteen
hundred and eighty-seven: Provided
however, That out of the first annual ap-
propriation so received by any station an
amount not exceeding one-fifth may be
expended in the erection, enlargement,
or repair of a building or buildings neces-
sary-for carrying on the work of such
station; and thereafter an amount not
exceeding five per centum of such an-
nual appropriation may be so expended.
SEC, 6. That whenever it shall ap-
pear to the Secretary of the Treasury,
from the annual statement of receipts
and expenditures of any of said stations,
that a portion of the preceding annual
appropriation remains unexpended, such
amount shall be deducted from the next
succeeding annual appropriation tosuch
station, in order that the amount of
money appropriated to any station shall
not exceed the amount actually and nec
essarily required for its maintenance and
SEC. 7. That nothing in this act shall
be construed to impair and modify the
legal relation existing between any of
the said colleges and the Government of
the States or Territories in which they
are respectively located.
SEC. 8. That in States having colleges
entitled under this section to the bene-
fits of this act, and having also agricul-
tural experiment stations established by
law, separate from said colleges, such
States shall be authorized to apply such
benefits to experiments at stations so es-
tablished by such States; and in case any
State shall have established,- under the
provisions of said act of July second,
aforesaid, an agricultural department or
experimental station, in connection
with any university, college or institu-
tion not distinctively an agricultural col-
lege or school, and such State shall have
established or shall hereafter establish
a separate agricultural college or school,
which shall have connected therewith
an experimental farm or station, the
Legislature of such State may apply, in
whole or in part, the appropriation by
this act made to such separate agricul-
tural college or school; and no Legisla-
ture shall, by contract, express or im-
plied, disable itself from so doing.
SEC. 9. That the grants of money au-
thorized by this act are made subject to
the Legislative assent of the several
States and Territories to the purposes of
said grants: Provided, That payment of
such installments of the appropriation
herein made as shall become due to any
State beforethe adjournment of the reg-
ular session of its Legislature meeting
next after the passage of this act, shall
be made upon the assent of the Governor
thereof, duly certified to the Secretary of
the Treasury.
SEC. 10. Nothing in this act shall be
held or construed as binding the United
States to continue any payments from
the Treasury to any or all the States or
institutions mentioned in this act, but
Congress may at any time amend, sus-
pend or repeal any or all the provisions
of this act.
Passed the Senate January 27, 1887.
Attest: ANSON G. McCook,
Florida's Interests in England.
Editor Florida Farmer and P1)uit-Grower:.
My letter in your issue of April -th,
on the subject of my proposed visit to
England has brought a very large num-
ber of replies from persons having prop-
erties requiring capital for their develop-
ment. Some of course are of a "vision-
ary" nature, others apparently good.
Some I know to be so.
It curiously happe s that one of my
special ideas is this week touched upon
by Mr. Hoyt, in his letter on re-shipping
fruit to England, for I had already made
up my mind to offer my services to some
of my numerous friends in this very
When I came out here two years ago,
it was mainly with a view of placing my
sons (I have seven of them, four being
'grown up" ones) in positions likely to
conduce to their welfare, without a large
outlay of capital, and I am happy to be
able to say that I have so far succeeded,
and my intention is to return to England
shortly, stay over next winter, and re-
turn in the spring for- a short time, and
thereafter pay periodical visits to Florida.
Should I carry out this idea, my sons
would efficiently represent me in my ab-
seince.. Hence I feel doubly qualified for
the suggested agency, as growers would
have a 'connecting link" with me
through them.
I feel great interest in Florida, and
personally could wish for nothing better
than a permanent residence here, but
property in England requires attention,
and whilst doing that I could also further
the interests of this State. One of my
intentions is to deliver some lectures on
I hope to see more correspondence on
this subject in your valuable paper,
which is doing so much good service to
farmers and fruit growers, who should
remember that the more markets they
have for their goods the better prices
will they obtain. It will be to their ad-
vantage to send at least a portion of their
crop to Europe. Of course it would be
unwise to risk a whole crop.
Should I receive any encouragement
I shall at once put myself in communi-
cation with friends in London and hasten
my departure.
One word as to the commission Mr.
Hoyt refers to. I have always main-
tained that 10 per cent. is a preposterous
charge. Mr. H. said he had to pay 1 per
cent., but that extras brought it up to 5
and 6 -per cent. I would ask, Does not
this compare very favorably with Amer-
can commissions? Why, we have to pay
"extra" charges of a most alarming
amount, beyond commission.
There is room for an enormous trade
with England. It is practically impos-
sible there to get what we in Florida call
a good orange until the latter end of
March or beginning of April. Florida
could supply John Bull's Christmas ta-
ble with ripe fruit, and I have a shrewd
suspicion that he would prefer the rus-
sets. J. KENNARD.
SIsco, Putnam Co., Fla.,
April 20, 1888.
Don't Wait for Others to Lead.
Editor Florida learner and Pruit-Grower:
Your correspondent, C. Lee Smith, in
your issue of April 25th, uses the sign of
the subjunctive mood quite frequently,
and closes with the stereotyped phrase,
the visitors will corce and "we will all
be happy." Like numerous others, he is
waiting for a big team, an elephantine
leam, to come and hitch to the car of
progress in Florida and set it in motion.
Many years ago I saw Wise, the sero-
naut, make an ascension. His car was
not supported by ropes, but small cords,
not larger than a grocer's twine. Singly
they would not support him, but in their
aggregation he had confidence. It is
time for Mr. Smith and one thousand and
one others to attach their string to the
car and make it move.
A few weeks since this paper advised
its numerous patrons not to wait for the
big team, but to commence on a small
scale with evaporators. Let me make a
94 64 75
98 52 75
94 52 75
05 54 76
96 48 74
98 55 78
91 60 74
95 58 74
26 63 76
90 54 74
89 &1 74
91 62 76
89 50 74
92 56 76
91 55 74
8 17 6
6 17 8
12 14 5
5 20 0
13 13 5
12 13 6
14 14 3
12 8 10
15 13 3
10 s18
12 14 5
13 13 5
8 18 9
8 i I
15 '11 5
11 15 5
8.16 sE
"Woman's Work."
This valuable illustrated magazine
should be in every family circle, as its
contents are of the most instructive and
elevating character. Its departments of
Literature and Art, Poetry, House keep-
ing, Motbars' Corner, the Htome Physi-
cian, Correspondence, Receipes, Flower
and Vegetable Gardening, Fancy Work,
Boys and Girls, Bright Babies, Poultry,
etc., are admirably conducted by the
very highest authorities, and its miscel-
laneous features embrace matters of in-
terest to every person. Nothing of a
harmful tendency is admitted to its col
Among the special attractions in the
near future will be a series of articles on
woman's work-the avenues open to
her for earning a living, enjoying health
and making money-by one of the most
practical and entertaining writers of the
day. We would like for every family in
the land to secure the benefits in score
for its readers, and will be glad to mail
it one year to any address on receipt of
the small subscription price of 50 cents,
though it is in every way equal to the
high-priced publimtions. Address, T.
L. MITCHELL, Publisher, Athens, Ga.
PEERLES DYS Are the BEST.
PEERLE88 DYE8 SOLD BY Dre a.
A few years ago I went to Louisville
with the Florida editorial fraternity.
The thing which most attracted my at-
tention there was a vast display cf pre-
served fruits and vegetables. The man
in attendance assured me none of them
had been put up less than two years and
most of them three years, and all were
in a perfect state of preservation. They
were not sealed, the jars were simply
covered with paper to exclude the dust.
He allowed me to sample some of them,
strawberries among the rest. They were
delicious, with all the flavor of the
freshly picked berry. They were put up
by the muchabused sulphur process.
The man who would fail in this process
would be like Mr. Smith's man, who
would make a disgusting spectacle of a
"half-cared-for grove." This is a perfect
method of preservation, when done right,
and I know it. If it is but half done it
will fail. A man can start this at his'
home with an outlay of $10, possibly
less. We can raise everything in Flor-
ida, but we go to the store for the can
for all our delicacies-pay out, pay out,
pay out money-for everything. Let us
determine to "turn over a new leaf."
This paper is honestly doing its best to
teach us how, and it is time we com-
menced to follow its teachings Don't
let the year be wasted and nothing ac-
Mr. Amsden spoke some time ago dis-
paragingly of this process for preserving
eggs. 1 can assure him I have eaten eggs
two years after they were put down, as
fresh as any he ever ate.
These are the facts. I may some day
give the theory, if any interest is shown
in this. J. B. M.
JACKSONVILLE, April 28, 1888.
____ .--
The following table, compiled from tile records
of the Jacksonville Signal Station by Sergeant
T. S. Townsend, represents the temperature, con-
dition of weather, rainfall and direction of wind
for the month of May, as observed at the
Jacksonville station during the past 16 years:
2~l2 THE FLORIDA ~'ARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER.
HELEN HARCOURT. Editor.
With a helping hand and a Welcome for all
Who wish t be friendly and make us a call;
With words of good counsel for old friends and
Who come to us seeking the best way to do.
All questions of general interest will be
answered through these columns
Personal inquiries will be answered by mail
when accompanied by stamp for reply.
Subscribers are cordially invited to take a
seat in our Cosy Corner, and exchange views,
experiences and recipes of mutual benefit.
"Help ye one another."
Communications intended for publication
must be brief, clearly written, and only on
one side of the paper.
All matter relating to this department
should be addressed to
Fla. Farmer and Fruit-Grower,
Montclair, Fla
Our Cosy Corner.
A School of Design for Florida.
A project has been brought to our no-
tice, which, if encouraged as it should
be by the people of Florida, may prove
the nucleus of a great and useful insti-
tution, of which an older State might be
We confidently expect to see some of
our enterprising cities, if not the city of
Jacksonville itself, stepping forward to
grasp the opportunity presented in the
following communication, which has
been sent to us by one of the projectors,
a lady from her Northern home, with the
request that it may be brought before the
Florida public:
"An experienced teacher of art work
in all its branches wishes to establish a
school of design in Florida.
. "The course will include drawing in
pencil and crayon, ink work, painting
in water colors and oil, charcoal work,
designing, etc. Also, repousse and wood
"The aim is to establish a school of
technical design, where boys and girls,
and ladies who desire to become self-
supporting, will have an opportunity to
study thorough courses in practical art
"The projectors of this school of de-
sign desire co-operation in its establish-
ment to the following extent:
"The donation of a suitable building
lot and a guarantee for five years of the
sum of $3,000 per annum, in quarterly
advance payments. Fifteen subscribers
at $200 each per annum, thirty at $100
each, or the whole sum of $8,000 guar-
anteed by a corporation or municipal
"Each $200 of this sum to entitle the
subscriber to enter two pupils yearly, or
three pupils for the primary classes, the
school to continue open during the entire
"The school will encourage and assist
the pupils in every possible way; will
display and sell their work for them.
"The school building to be erected by
the projectors will be neat and an orna-
ment to the location selected."
This is the enterprise we are desired to
present to the Florida public, and surely
no more worthy one could be desired,
nor one more certain to prove an honor
and attraction to that town which has
foresight enough to secure its location.
Let us take a glance at one of the
most noble and beautiful of Philadel-
phia's great institutions, the School of
Design for Women. It was founded by
a true hearted, noble woman, who felt
the need of providing her sex with a
broader step to the ladder of fortune
than had hitherto been at its command,
and from a small, obscure beginning It
has gone quietly, yet grandly, on until
it is the admiration of every other city
where art is appreciated, and is to-day
educating three hundred pupils, some
of whom have come all the way from
California to avail themselves of its tui-
Not only so, but this school of design,
so humble in its early life, is the mother-
school of several others of -like object,
and is regarded and followed as a model
in its methods of study by similar insti.
tutions all over the country.
And it can show a noble record of the
practical good it has done for its pupils.
Many of its graduates hold paying po-
sitions as teachers in normal schools,
colleges and other schools of art. Still
greater is the number, however, who
are now holding remunerative positions
as designers for mills and similar estab-
lishments where art work is required.
More still, in hundreds of homes all
over the land are daughters, wives and
mothers who hold within themselves the
knowledge that if a time of want and
necessity should ever come to them or
their households, they have it in their
power to go out into the world and win
a competency for themselves and their
loxed ones, because of the teachings of
this noble school of design.
And now we ask: Shall Florida pos-
sess such an institution of her own, t5d
reflect honor upon herself and bestow
independence upon its pupils?
The opportunity thus presented is a
rare one, and should receive serious and
prompt consideration.
We especially commend it to the at-
tention of the Boards of Trade of our
several cities, and to the young towns
which are ambitious and enterprising
enough to secure such an attractive es-
tablishment as its "very own."
The editor of Our Home Circle will
gladly place the address of the projec-
tors of the Florida School of Design in
the possession of interested parties, and
invites correspondence on the subject,
which is one of import to the entire
Editor Our Home Circle:
I have it in mind to speak of so many
things that I think the above title will
not be found inappropriate.
Well, I have just been making my first
attempt at root grafting, peaches upon
plum roots, and what an interesting per
formance it is. After carefully selecting
the root or scion to fit in size, diameter,
[This is not necessary if the barks are
brought together at one edge. We often
place two scions in one stock, one on
each side.-ED.] then to trim the two
ends to a perfect inclined plane, then
the delicate "tongue" to be cut on each,
and the two parts fitted exactly togeth-
er, so that root and branch seem to be
really one piece. Then the care to be
used in wrapping the joint with cord
and covering the whole with a nice coat
of grafting wax; every step of the pro--
cess is so delicate and interesting, and
the very work suited to a lady who can
spare the time for it. But after all the
care we have put upon it, will it grow?
"Aye, there's the rub," and do we real-
ize that it cannot grow save by a miracle
of God, who shall teach the sap of the
one to find its way through the veins of
the other. Yet this miracle occurs for
us so constantly that our poor groveling
minds fail to appreciate its wondrous
beauty, and come to regard it as a com-
mon place matter.
Why do not some of the sisters tell us
more about palmetto work? [Yes, why
not? Palmetto workers to the front.-
ED.] It is a most fascinating employ-
ment, capable of being made into so
many articles for use and ornament, and
I think more ought to be written about
it. I have had so little time to devote to
it that I have been able only to keep the
children in hats, but I have thought of
so many things in the way of hand bags,
wall pockets, baskets and fans, that I
would like some of the young sisters to
try them and report their success. I
wish there was some way of illustrating
the different kinds of braid in the Home
Circle, there are many of them that are
beautiful. Cannot we have the dishrag
gourd subject ventilated a little more,
also? So that those of us, who by reason
of our large flocks (in the nursery) can-
not go to the Sub-Tropical, may learn
what to do with them at home. How
to-make them ornamental I mean, for
in the way of a dishrag, I suppose we all
understand that only too well. [Let our
sister of Waldo incline her ear and
sharpen her pen.-ED.] Now, mothers,
does baby need new socks? Of course
he does, for these little restless feet Hence delay that would have been
scrub out a pair directly, and rub a hole avoided by attention to the notice at
in papa's purse almost as fast, when we head of the Family Exchange.
consider that each pair if bought new,' -H. D., Mitchellville, Md., writes: "I
costs at least 25 cents. But this is the want to settle in Florida soon, to go into
way I save those nickels; go to the stock- trucking, fruit growing and poultry
ing drawer, and you will find a quantity raising. Where I go several in my
of papa's old toboggans with heels and neighborhood will follow." "The more
toes all gone and good elsewhere, with the merrier," and we will do all we can
nice ribbed tops. Take one of baby's old to assist so laudable a movement. Reply
stockings and lay smoothly on these and by mail.
cut just by them, then sew up and drop Mrs. L. B. S., Starke, Fla. Your in-
into a can of diamond dye while you are quiries regarding Frank's Wonder
cooking dinner. Red or blue is the most Churn, referred to in these columns and
satisfactory, and you can make a dozen advertised in recent issues, we have re-
pair at once, which will keep the little plied to by mail. As we stated in the
man well supplied, and save you a lot of Letter Box last week, we can personally
tedious darning on those old socks. testify that it will-do all that is claimed
When baby is two months old and for it. Your words of praise of the
wants to sit up, don't have a nurse to FLORIDA FARMER AND FRUIT-GROWER
cramp herself to death holding him, and and its Home Circle are very pleasant
spoil him besides, but take a nice, clean ones.
cracker box, large enough for him to sit F. H. F., Huntington, Fla. Your an-.
in without cramping his feet, line it swer to Machine's ex. adv. duly for-
neatly and put a stuffing of moss as a warded.
head rest and a moss cushion in the bot- J. S. P., Howard, Fla. Reply by
tom. Place him in this and keep him mail.
supplied with playthings; he will soon J. D. M., Macclenny, Fla. Your re-
learn to use them and entertain himself quest for address in connection with
and that is a great lesson, and one that the article in our issue of April 18th-
will be a benefit to him all his life, while Lady Assistants-has been promptly
it leaves mamma free to devote her complied with.
time to other duties. R. M. R., Dade City, Fla. Let us hear
MRS. CHARLES. from you again, but next time address
And this reminds us of a case in point us as directed at the head of Our Home
practical, but amusing too. Circle.
Our mater tells the story of a friend J. A. N., Goshen, Ark. The "Moon
of hers who had resource to a device Flower," so extensively advertised in
somewhat after the style referred to by the northern papers is identical *
Mrs. Charles. with the Bona Nox (Good night)
Her busy hands were required else- of' Florida. It is native here, and
where, so she fastened her baby boy se- grows in rampant luxuriance, climbing
surely in a little chair, with a cute little up and draping the tallest trees in the
board table in front of it, buttoned an hammocks. It is not, however, identi-
apron over his dress, smeared a few cal with the "Evening Glory" of Flor-
drops of molasses on his fingers, gave ida. Both leaf and flower are differ-
him two or three nice fluffy chicken ent.- .
feathers and went on her way rejoicing T. L. M., Athens, Ga. Letters re-
while he remained rejoicing in solitary ceived and contents appreciated. "If
state, intent upon the intellectual occu- wishes were horses, then beggars might
pation of transferring a feather from ride," but unhappily most of us have to
one hand to the other. He asked no walk through life.
better amusement, and would chuckle J. C., Orange City, Fla. Reply by
over that funny feather by the hour, and mail.
finally fall asleep with it still clinging H. Von L., Earleton. Reply by mail.
to one of the chlbby little fingers. Try plication for boj forwarded,
it, mothers, and see if it don't "work rs. E. L., Waldo, Fla. Many thanks
like a charm.,' for the t :oughtful help you send. Reply
S by mail.
H. F., Spring Park, Fla. Your mourn-
Our Letter BOX. ful plaint over the razor-backs has gone
Mrs. E. D., North Platte, Neb., writes: to our heart, and we will see what we
"Please accept our thanks for your kind can do in this matter. We expect to
letters, and the Florida papers,' which succeed. Wait a little.
latter we perused with great interest
and scattered in every direction among miy F .
our friends. Our Family Friend.
"The severe winter has aroused their SAFEGUARD AGAINST INSECTS.
enthusiasm to a high degree in favor of Many people do not know how easily
a warmer climate. I think there will be they canprotect themselves and their
this year quite an exodus from this State children against the bites of gnats and
[and every other in the North-West.- other insects. Weak carbolic acid
D.l tothe South, and particularly to sponged on the skin and hair, and In
Florida." some cases on the clothing, will drive
It is the old, old story of the dispute away the whole tribe. A great many
of the sun and Boreas as to which could children and not a few adults are tor-
best force the traveler to lay aside his mented throughout the whole summer
cloak. Boreas came rushing along, by minute enemies. We know persons
seized the cloak, and tore madly at it, who are afraid of picnics and even their
but the traveler calmly wrapped it close own gardens on this account. Clothing
about his figure, and the more Boreas is an imperfect protection, for we have
blew at it, the tighter be wrapped it. seen a child whose foot and ankle have
Then the sun followed the defeated king been stung through the stockings so se-
of the air and smiled genially upon the riously that for days she could not wear-
object of their experiments, when lo, in a leather shoe. All this can be averted
a moment the cloak came off, and was according to our experience and that,
thrown over the traveler's arm. we believe, of many others, by carbolic
Boreas of the North would fain drive acid judiciously used. The safest plan
his people into their houses, but lo! he is to Kee a saturated solution of the
drives them out, and right into the wel- acid. The solution cannot contain more
coming arms of genial Florida. than 6 or 7 per cent, and it may be add-
Well, let him blow "It's an ill wind ed to water until the latter smells strong.
that blows nobody good." This may readily, and with perfect safe-
J. R. H. J., avares, writes:. "The ty, be applied with a sponge. We have
Family Exchange is capital institution, .n doubt that horses and cattle could be
the very thing for Flori da, and I wish it protected from flies in the same man-
every success as-it enters on the second ner.-London Lancet. ..
half of its first year." So-do we. er.
K. & Co., Oswego, N. Y. Reply by WATERPROOF BLACKING.
mail. Dissolve an ounce of borax in. water,
Mrs. E.-G., Providence,.Fla. Your re- and in this dissolve gum shellac until it
spouse to Mrs. C. W. R.'s ex. adv. was is the consistency of thin" paste; add
forwarded to this office from Jackson- lamp-black to color. This makes a cheap
ville, and re mailed the second .time. and excellent blacking for boots, giving
them the polish of new leather. The
shellac makes the boots or shoes almost
entirely waterproof. Camphor dissolved
in alcohol added to the blacking makes
the leather more pliable and keeps it
from cracking." This is sold at fifty
cents for a small bottle. By making it
yourself, a dollar will buy materials for
a gallon.
Wet two heaping.teaspoonfuls of the
best Bermuda arrowroot with a little
water and rub it into a paste. Have a
porcelain pan on the fire containing one
cupful boiling hot water, add two tea-
spoonfuls white sugar; when boiling
add the wet arrowroot, stir it in slowly;
keep boiling and stirring until clear,
then add one teaspoonful lemon juice.
Have a cup ready, wet with cold water,
and pour the arrowr ,ot in to form. Eat
cold, with powdered sugar and cream.
If wine is preferred omit the lemon juice
and add instead one tablespoonful of the
best brandy or three of wine.
For arrowroot blanc mange use one
cupful boiling milk instead of water and
two desertspoonfulo of arrowroot, flavor
with vanilla; eat with sweetened cream
flavored with rose water. Sago may be
used instead of arrowroot, but must be
soaked an hour in cold water, then
gradually warmed .by placing the cup
containing it in hot water. It needs a
little more boiling than the arrowroot.
For arrowroot custard use two cupfuls
of boiling milk, mix the wet arrowroot
with it, stir about three minutes, remove
it from the fire, and whip in two table-
spoonfuls of white sugar that .has first
been well beaten up with one egg; boil
again two minutes, flavor with vanilla,
pour into molds.
Two spoonfuls of finely powdered char-
coal, drank in half a tumbler of water,
will in less than fifteen minutes give re-
lief to the sick headache, when caused,
as in most cases it is, by superabundance
of acid on the stomach,.
The remains of cold potatoes; to every
pound allow two tablespoonfuls of flour,
two ditto of minced onions, one ounce
of butter, milk. Mash the potatoes with
a fork until perfectly free from lumps;
stir in the other ingredients, and add
sufficient milk to moisten them well;
press the potatoes in a mold, and bake
in a moderate oven until nicely brown,
which will be in from twenty minutes
to half an hour. Turn them out of the
mold, and serve. Cook twenty minutes
to half an hour.
To every pound of flour allow one
ounce of butter, one-quarter of a pint of
milk, one large teaspoonful of yeast, a
little salt. Warm the butter in the milk,
add to it the yeast and salt, and mix
these ingredients well together; put the
flour into a pan, stir in the above ingre-
dients, and let the dough rise, covered
in a warm place. Knead it well, make
it into rolls, let them rise again for a few
minutes, and bake in a quick oven.
Richer rolls may be made by adding one
or two eggs, and a larger proportion of
butter, a.id their appearance improved
by brushing the tops over with the yolk
of an egg or a little milk.
Rye bread is hard of digestion, and
requires longer and slower baking than
wheaten bread. It is better when made
with a leaven of wheaten flour rather
than yeast, and turns out lighter. It
should not be eaten till two days old.
It will keep a long time.
One quart of milk mixed with two
tablespoonfuls of flour and three or four
eggs, small quantity of salt, stale bak-
er's bread cut in slices; dip the bread in
the batter and soak it; then take it out
and fry .it on a hot griddle with a very
little lard; turn it over and brown both
sides alike; eat with powdered sugar
sprinkled over it.
At night take three cups of warm
milk, one cup of sugar, one half a cup of
good yeast; make a batter; then let it
stand over night; in the morning it
should be very light; then add one cup
of sugar and one cup of butter; mold it
well, and let it rise again; when well
risen, cut in small pieces, and roll them
in the hand; put them on tins just to
touch; let them rise again, and rub over
the top with the white of an egg, and
bake a light brown. This quantity will
make sixty buns; currants or chopped
raisins improve them.
One pint of light dough; three eggs;
two cups of sugar; one cup of butter;
cinnamon and nutmeg, with two
pounds of raisins. Add a coffee-cup of
Three cups of corn-meal, two cups of
rye flour, one teaspoonful of salt, one
tablespoonful of molasses; stir with new
milk. Bake three hours.
Our Young Folks' Corner.
For some time I have been scolding
away to myself because all our little
cousins and big cousins seemed too busy
to come and sit down for a chat in our
Young Folks' Corner, and now, lol here
steps in one of the big cousins, just in the
nick of time, to tell us a story which he
"wrote during a spell of illness for some
children," and so he thinks as they liked
it, that our cousins will like it too, and
I am sure they will, very much, so here
it is, the veritable history of
Sam was'a stout, sturdy country boy,
eight years old. He always wore a
little old straw hat with holes in the top,
from which his sun-burned brown hair
stuck out in little tufts, and his little
pants always had either patches or holes
at the knees; his face, I am sorry to say,
was usually dirty, and his hands a few
shades dirtier; and such a chubby face
and hands, tool
But you must remember that Sam
lived in a sandy, sooty country, where
there were lots and lots of berries and
oranges, and many other kinds of fruit,
too, so how could he be expected to keep
clean and nice?
And besides, he had no brother or
sister, and .lived out in the country,
where he seldom saw any one except his
father and mother, so it mattered little
to him how his clothing looked.- Oh,
dearly he would get so lonesome some-
times, and so tired of the beautiful
green orange and lemon and grape fruit
trees that surrounded his home, and
then he would walk down to the field
south of the house, where a gigantic
water-oak stood near the hammock.
This was Sam's favorite retreat; here he
saw the birds and flowers, and some-
times a frisky little squirrel playing
about in the edge of the hammock, that
great mat of tangled woods that stretched
away for miles and miles, so dense and
dark. Here, too, he could hear the
mournful hoot of the owls and the
plaintive notes of the whip-poor-will.
How he-would wonder how it all looked
in that great, dark wood, and whether
there were really any bears in there.
His:;father had told him that one had
been seen there, and he knew that the
wildcats sometimes came out at night
and stole a nice, fat hen; but Sam wasn't
afraid of beasts, "no, indeed," he
thought, as he looked at his dirty, fat,
little fists, and thought how he could
pound them.
On this particular day Sam had wan-
dered as usual down to the big tree. It
was a very warm day, and the violets
and daisies smiled at him from every-
"Don't go into the hammock, Sam-
my," was his mother's parting injunc-
"No, ma'am, I won't," said Sam, and
he really never once thought of disobey-
ing her, but he did, and T am going to
tell you how it was,
While sitting under the big water-oak,
thinking of his Aunt Belle, who spent
her winters with his mamma and papa,
suddenly he saw such a cute little rabbit
not far from him, under a bunch of pal-
"Oh," said Sam, "you is jes' what I
wants; I can put you in my partridge
coop," and forthwith he made a rush for-
the little fellow, and the race began.
What a race they did have, round and
round the field, through the grass and
broomsedge, and just, when Sam thought
he had the quick little scamp, he didn't
have him. Then the rabbit dated into
the hammock, and Sam, so hot in pur-
suit, darted right in after him, and there
he lost him. How warm he was, and it
was so delightfully cool in an open
space near a big live-oak, How soft
and fresh the grass looked, so Sam
thought he must rest just a little bit,
and then he would tell mamma all about
it, and she would forgive him. He laid
himself down where the ground was
almost carpeted with daisies.
Suddenly, how strange! Sam heard
the sweet. st music, just like his Aunt
Belle's guitar, only sweeter and softer.
How surprised was Sam, and he rubbed
his eyes and looked about, and what do
you think he saw?
Why, right up on a fern-covered limb
of the live-oak tree sat a row of the fun-
niest little fellows you ever saw; "such
scrumpy little fellows," as Sam said,
and none of them bigger than Sam's
little fist. Each of them wore a peaked
little hat, and such odd little suits, and
pointed toed shoes, and each queer little
fellow had a little guitar or violin, or a
little flute, and they played such deli-
cious music that came floating down to
Sam, and seemed half music, half per-
fume; but the perfume may have come
from the flowers on the great magnolia
blooms in the trees overhead.
"Them is certainly fairies," said Sam,
for his Aunt Belle had told him a great
deal about these queer little people.
Sam heard a squeaky little voice right
by him, and there stood another little
fellow with a peaked hat, and how angry
he looked, with his fists doubled up, and
he asked Sam what he was doing there,
where-he had no business; but Sam
only laughed at him and said:
"That ain't none of your business."
This made the little fellow "madder
'n ever," as Sam said afterwards.
"I shall report this to our Queen," said
the fairy.
"Go ahead with your 'port," said brave
The fairy disappeared, much to Sam's
astonishment, but the little musicians in
the tree were playing away as if for dear
life. Presently Sam heard singing that
seemed to come from the ground; then a
whole troop of little folks came dancing
along, following a tiny little woman,
dressed in a most beautiful green dress,
covered with sparkling gems. She car-
ried in her hand a little gold rod or
sceptre. Each of her followers carried
a silver staff, and the little women were
clothed in dresses woven of cobwebs, and
of all colors, and the men wore pointed-
tailed coats, knee breeches, and shoes
turned up at the toes.
The little Queen seated herself on a
toad-stool directly in front of Sam, who
was now sitting up, and surveying this
strange scene with wonder..
One officious little fellow stepped in
front of the Queen and said:
"What punishment will your Royal
Highness and Most Gracious Majesty
deign to have inflicted on this most mis-
erable mortal who has dared to intrude
on Your Majesty's royal domains?"
Sam knew what they meant by the
word "punishment," for he had heard
his mother use that term, and he in-
ferred the meaning of the rest of the
sentence, and it tickled him wonderfully
to hear those little people talk about
punishing him! ."Why, I could 'ave
picked every one on 'em up and squoze
'em to death," he said afterwards; but
Sam didn't say anything to the company
just 'then; he only laughed. Tio.
(Concluded next week.)
The Family Exchange.
Open to all subscribers of the FLORIDA FARM-
mR AND FRUIT-GROW.E, for purposes of ex-
change, and also for sale of home productions or
natural objects, such as jollies, embroideries,
sea shells, plants, etc Advertisements and
answers, to avoid delays, must be addressed to
the EDITOR OF OUR HOME CIRCLE, FLORIDA
FARMER AND BRUIT-GROWER, Montclair Flor-
ida. Each answer must be aczoepanied by an
unaddressed stamped envelope, in which to for-
ward it to the advertiser.
Four consecutive insertions allowed, subject
to after renewal by advertiser.
Wanted to exchange, 10 acres of land
in Lake county, over 5 acres set in or-
anges, lemons, peaches, plums, grapes,
etc., horse and buggy, implements,
buildings, everything complete. Sit-
uated on one of the most beautiful lakes
in Florida. No reasonable offer refused.
Worth $3,000.-Caleb, Lake Co.
For exchange, a few sittings of eggs
from White Leghorns and Plymouth
Rocks from select breeding yards; make
offers. Or will sell at $1 per sitting.-
G. D., Alachua Co.
Will exchange 50 colonies of bees,
mostly in "Simplicity Hives," all in first
class condition, for good stock, or will
sell on reasonable terms.-A. J. E., Lee
Wanted to exchange orange trees, pic-
tures,etc. (send for list), for young pigs,
pure bred Berkshire, Chester or Jerseys;
also a useful horse.-J. K., Putnam
Wanted to exchange a fine property in
.South Florida, nearly 200 acres, value
$12,000, for three-fourths value ($9,000)
in good city property anywhere in the
United States, balance in.cash. This is
a rare chance for a fine paying invest-
ment.-M. E., Manatee county.
Will exchange a. young Fox-Terrier
bitch, bought of Associated Fanciers,
Philadelphia, cost $25, full pedigree, for a
grey Parrot, young, and a talker. Also,
want offers for two I. P. Morealle mova-
ble bee hives.-I. D., Putnam county.
Will exchange eggs from my first
prize Brown Leghorns and Plymouth
Rocks, excellent strains, for orange trees
and Pekin duck eggs, or will sell at $2
per sitting.-O. K., Lake County.
Will exchange village property, 2-
acres planted to orange trees, neat cot-
tage of five rooms, for stock of staple dry
goods worth $900. Good location for
physician or truck farmer. Best quality
of land can be had near to cultivate on
shares.-C. I. B., Orange County.
Will exchange Light Bramah hens, a
Plymouth Rock cock and a fine turkey
cock. Would like a double barrel breech
loading shot guns, goats or other offers.
-J. M. P., Orange county.
Will exchange a few sittings of eggs
from choice Langshans (Croat Strain),
also, a few sittings of Pekin duck eggs,
for eggs from Langshans of equal good
strain, or will sell eggs from above at
$1.50 per thirteen.-A. F. B'., Putnam
Wanted to exchange 10 acres of land
in Marion county, 2 acres set in orange
trees, mostly budded; have been set
three years; comfortable, two roomed
house, out buildings, etc., for house and
lot in Hot Springs, Arkansas.-E. V. B.,
Lake county.
Gemuine washingto and Double Imperial Navels.
Order Now if you wish to be in time.
We offer for Fall and Winter Delivery a choice
lot of GENUINE WASHINGTON NAVELS
Also, the VILLA FRANCA, best and hardiest of
Lemons. Also, Early Spanish, Jaffa, Majorca,
Malta Oval, and nearly all varieties of Orange,
Lemon and Lime. We also offer for the
first time to Florida orange growers the
Most Prolific Navel known, and the
Winter Park, Orange County, Fl
Various Modes ot Potato Culture Prac-
ticed In This Country-A Corn Marker
Which Marks -Three Rows Salient
Points in Cheese Making.
The corn marker illustrated in the ac-
companying cuts is recommended by
The Ohio Farmer and is described by that
authority as follows:
Fig. 1 shows a marker which makes
three rows at a time, and is plain to the
eye. The headpiece is 8x3 inches and is
hinged at A, to permit all the markers -to
touch the ground .at all times. Without
this hinge, the inequalities of the 'ground
would often keep one of the markers off
the ground. B is the guage rod, to the
outer end of which is attached a marker
of some sort to follow the last row previ-
ously made in order to keep the rows
straight all over the field. If the markers
do not make the marks plain enough, nail
a piece of plank on the bottom, as shown
at C. It is better to have the gauge rod
hinged on a post over the central marker,
and then it can be turned over at the ends,
to use in going back.
_- -.. 5_---
Fig. 2 has the gauge rod extending
out on each side far enough to reach the
last row marked. The middle marker is
hinged to the headpiece, instead of having
the latter hinged, which answers the
same purpose. For making four rows at
a time, the hinge in the first cut must be
put in the center of the head, half-way
between the middle two markers. In the
second one illustrated, the hinged mark-
ers must be at the ends of the headpiece.
A marker making four rows is rather un-
handy to use, and in practice three marks
will be found enough.
Different Modes of Potato Culture.
- Not a great many years ago it was the
practice to plant whole potatoes In suc.n
quantities as to form quite a large per-
centage of the expected yield, which has
been succeeded at the present time by the
opposite extreme of planting single eyes,
leaving ample' room between the two
methods for cultivators to experiment as
to the amount of seed and the methods of
cultivation from which the best results
may be obtained. Owi.ng to the short
crop of last year, seed will be high, and it
will be a good time to plant whole small
potatoes, such as have been givenfi to the
pigs in plentiful years, and with many
persons they have all along been preferred
to cut seeds. Planting Irish and Scotch
grown seeds is unsafe, as those who have
experimented with them geilerally repre-
sent them as unsuited to our climate.
~Wrl isr lln ,
There is a general agreement on rows
abont three and a half feet apart, with Ventilating a Cellar.
hills twelve inches apart inthe rows, and In this enlightened age, it is not neces-
one or two eyes in a hill, while at the sary to waste space or time in explaining
same time occasional trials with whole the reasons why every cellar, whether
seed have yielded larger crops; but so under dwelling house or elsewhere,
long as cut seed proves satisfactory a ma- ought to be ventilated. Every progres-
jority will no doubt continue its use. It sive man and woman understands the
is of no use to plant potatoes on wet, necessity, but everybody does not -know
heavy soil; while the ground should not how to bring about the desired ventila-
be excessively rich, it should be clean, tion. A Kansas genius, who has solved
-dry and mellow, and generously fer- the problem to his own satisfaction, ex-
tilized. Where barn yard manure is plains, in Prairie Farmer, with the assist-
used, which contains all the necessary ance of a diagram similar to the one here
elements, it should be well rotted and presented, his mode of ventilating an out-
decomposed, as in its green state it is liable door cellar.
to cause scabby potatoes; where this is In his cellar he puts a vertical tube-
not plentiful some reliable commercial ar- 3 inches square, inside measurement, ex-
tidle should take its place. Another quite tending from within 4 inches of the floor,
good plan is to spread the barn yard ma- out 3 feet above the roof. This is left
nnre and plough it under, and at planting; open until extreme cold weather when it
dlrill the commercial kind moderately in may be readily closed with a wisp of hay
the rows. This method is practiced in at the top.
many sections and by it the tubers get the -
advantages of- both kinds of fertilizers,
first from the quicker action of. the highly
concentrated one, and later oi from that
of the barn yard, a moderate application
of both being thought better than the use
of either one by itself.
A successful potato grower in Union
county, New Jersey, says his practice for
several years has been to plant only one
eye to a hill, cut from the butts of large
potatoes, not using the other end with its CELLAR VENTILATION.
more numerous eyes at all. He puts in This tube, he explains, draws off all
the rows 600 pounds of some well moist and cold air from the bottom, as
known brand of commercial manure to the warm air always rises to the upper
the acre, mixes it with the dirt in the space. If the cellar becomes too warm, a
rows by drawing a chain through before slide is drawn from the side of the tube
dropping the seed, and using no other near the roof, until the desired lower tem-
kind. He has always had good crops, perature is secured.
even including the present unfavorable When this correspondent builds another
year, and believes he can profitably use a he proposes to have two tubes, one reaching
ton to the acre. of commercial fertilizers down to the floor, as above described, and
whenever the average price of potatoes in the other just through the roof, as shown at
this.section can be obtained for his crop. C. The construction of his cellar is as fol-
The potato has the habit of degenerat- lows: F, ventilator, with screen over in-
ing to a degree that has caused the best Iside end. This is for summer use, being
and favorite varieties of former times to closed in winter, though it might serve as
become obsolete, so that even their names a chimney if it was necessary to have a
are scarcely remembered, and some of tie I stove in the cellar during the latter sea-
more recent ones, such as the Peach Blow son. The roof beam A and brace B are of
and Early Rose, are giving place to newer hard timber, 6 by 6 inches. The plank
seedling varieties, to be themselves dis- covering the rafters, E, is 2 by 12 inch
placed hereafter in the same way. If we hard piie. The walls are made of stone.
were dependent on the tubers alone for ______
the propagation of the potato this would How to Lay Out Gardens.
be an alarming fact, but fortunately we Since it is becoming the practice to lay
have in the seed the ready means of re- Since it is becoming the practice to lay
juvenating the species, and the more than out vegetable and berry gardens so as to
500 new varieties, many of them surpass- be kept clean by horse cultivation, it is
ing the former excellencies of the parent well to place the different crops in such a
stock, attest the success of potato special- position with each other as to make them
ists in this direction, convenient of access, as well as to afford a
In states where the crop can be har- pleasing appearance. Asa single example
vested in May or June, and sometimes as of such an arrangement is here repro-
late as July, it is becoming somewhat duced from Country Gentleman an illus-
common to raise a second crop by expos- traction in which a line of raspberries was
ing the small potatoes to the air-but not placed next to a narrow grass walk ex-
to the sun--for a couple of weeks or tending lengthwise through the garden
longer, until they become dry and green and next to the raspberries several rows
in color. These are then planted whole, of strawberries, and still beyond these a
and are dug in the fall for seeds the next e currants.
year. This seed has not the same tendency
to sprout through the winter from a warm
cellar as the fully matured tubers. As the
small ones used in the summer for the
second planting are slow in germinating
so soon after being dug, they should be
started to sprouting before being planted, -
by putting them into barrels set in a cool
place and sprinkling them daily and cov-
ering the barrels with a damp cloth until -=-
they show signs of germinating. Flat ."
and hill culture each has its advocates;
farmers are more competent to determine
from their own experiments, which is '
best for their own soils than from any ad-
vice that can be given. For the same
reason, no particular varieties will be rec- STRAWBERkIES-WALK-rASPBEIeRIES.
ommended for seed, except to say that The grass Mlk was four feet wide, and
for the main crop select the ones that was kept cut short by passing a hand
from your own. experience and that of lawn mower once a week, with oely a few
your neighbors you know to be well minutes' work. At the edge of this walk
adapted to your soil and your market. was a line of Caroline raspberries, this
This, however, is not to be understood as variety being of lower and more rounded
discouraging any one from testing in a growth than other sorts, and. when in
moderate way the new varieties confi- fruit its rich yellow berries give it a quite
dently recommended by well known spe- ornamental appearance. The strawberries
clalists, as it is only in this manner that next to the raspberries, being well en-
the best can find their way into general. riched with manure, and kept well culti-
use. vated and clean by horse power, the rasp-
berries have on one side all the advantages
Fresh lime scattered around the cellar of high culture, while all the crop may be
will help to keep it dry. gathered from the smooth rrass alk.
In laying out a kitchen and fruit
garden, an occasional grass walk extend-
ing lengthwise, gives much easier access
to the different parts. The edges of these
walks are kept sufficientlytrimmed by the
cutting blade of the one horse cultivator
or with the light one .horse plow, and la-
borious hand labor is almost entirely
In the Vegetable Garden.
It is a'very important point, in forming
a good garden, so to arrange the planting
of the different vegetables as to insure
both a judicious selection of sorts and a
proper time of planting for each of the
varieties selected, thereby securing for
the table a succession of the different
kinds extending throughout the season,
rather than a dozon varieties all coming
in together, when it is impossible to use
more than three or four; or, on the other
hand," the occurrence now and then of
times when there is no vegetable whatever
ripe for the table.
In arranging dates for planting vege-
tables for a succession, it should be noted
that as the season advances and becomes
warmer, peas and, in fact, all kinds of
vegetables grow faster' and overtake one
another, as it would seem. The dates of
planting the different sorts do not lead to'
corresponding intervals in gathering the
crops. For, example, though five days'
difference in date of planting peas in
April will make about as many days dif-
ference in the time of the harvesting in
June, yet five days' difference in planting
in May will make hardly any visible dif-
ference in the ripening in July.
Important Points in Cheese Making.
One of the leading features of the forth-
coming report of the New York state
dairy commissioner consists of opinions
from leading dairymen on the best
methods of conducting the cheese busi-
ness, the prevalence of fraud in produc-
tion and by what means the consumption
of it can be best increased.
The question of branding cheese with
the official state brand evidently remains
an open one among the state dairymen.
A good many of them are pronounced in
favor of the plan; others consider such a
branding advantageous to consumers only;
. others are indifferent, while a consider-
able number condemn the state brand as
useless or detrimental to the natural rela-
tions of producer and consumer.
The replies to the question, How pre-
valent is the habit of branding cheese as
"full cream" when it is not, cannot fail
to gratify cheese consumers, as in more
than 100 reports on this point there is not.
a single expression of positive knowledge
of the existence of this habit.
Hints About Truck Farming.
Where truck farming, as it is called, or
gardening for market is to be carried on
along with other farm work by a farmer
who has sons grown up or nearly so,-it
will be an excellent plan to put one of
them in charge of this department and
require no other service from him, or else
hire a reliable man for the purpose, or
rent the garden plot on such terms as mhay
be agreed on. In this business it will
generally be found best to separate it as
much as possible from the ordinary farm
work, else both are liable to suffer from
conflicting demands for attention from
each at a critical time.
How to Handle Wasps with Safety.
In reply to a query in Science, "Is it
true that while one holds his breath it is
Impossible for him to be stung by a wasp?"
' a Connecticut correspondent in the same
journal says: "I have picked up hundreds
of live wasps, holding my breath at the
moment when the wasp was grasped, and
'have never been stung under such circum-
stances. I have frequently been stung by
Swasps when I have disturbed them un-
awares. As to the explanation of the
phenomenon, I have none to give. I have
tried the -expelriment on hornets, honey
bees and bumble bees, and a single trial
with each was sufficient.to prove that the
plan did not work with either of these
tM -FLORIDA FARMER AND FRUIt-GROWER
An Incident of Life Among the
Cattle Men.
In 1868 all the country north of the
Caloosahatchie river for twenty-five
miles was uninhabited. A party of
cattle men consisting of Captain Louis
Lanier, L. H. Parker, 0. M. Blount and
the -writer, having cattle that had
strayed, started from Fort Ogden to
hunt this section. We had a cow pen
on the north side of the river opposite
Fort Myers in which we penned our cat-
tle, and early the next morning, leaving
the cattle in the pen, we rode'down the
Caloosahatchie river to near the man-
grove, and turned north tip the shore of
the Mattacha.
About noon we found a lake of water
that was so thick with alligator heads if
they had been stationary one could have
walked in any direction dry footed.
After dinner we rode in an easterly di-
rection but found no cattle or signs of
any, as the whole country was a black
burn, even the lightwood logs that had
been buried for years had burned out.
The wind had been blowing all day from
the southwest and now it began rain-
It was a long way to our cattle pen,
and a dismal evening and a black burn
stretched away as far as we could see,
and no water nearer than our Alligator
Lake. NathanaTillis had been in that
section a few days prior to our trip and
a panther had caught arid killed his dog.
He had fired the woods to burn the pan.
other out.
-1 had two powerful dogs that .would
catch anything living, and Mr. Blount
had one equally as good. Coming to
some scattering bunches of saw palmet-
to the dogs struck a trail and followed it
into a large bunch of palmettoes, where
they attacked something. Then out
came the panther with the three dogs at
his heels. He ran but a short distance
and bounded up a pine tree. Neither of
us had a pistol to shoot the panther, and
not being willing to go off and leave him
we decided to knock him out with pine
Parker and I began to throw knots,
Captain Lanier bringing them to us.
We often hit him, but the dogs kept up
a continual barking and the panther was
afraid to jump out. We found, aftel
spending an hour throwing at him, that
we could not make him jump though
he was terrible mad. He would catch
the knots-in his teeth and gve their a
sling with a fearful growl.
The rain was now pouring down ir
earnest, and we had decide to leave.
was always an excel ent climber and
knew I could climb the tree, and re-
marked that if -some one would climn
the tree he would probably jump out
Mr. Blount said he saw a man climb tc
one and he jumped out. I decided if
man had climbed to one and hi
jum-ped out that this one would do thE
I pulled off my shoe, socks, pants an
over shirt, cut a pine sapling and lashed
a large knife to it with a saddle string
and prepared to climb, not thinking o
any danger, only intent on making thi
panther jump out. I had on a heavy
merino under shirt and a new pair o
drilling drawers. Captain Lanier se
cured a pole to assist me by putting i
under my feet. The rain was pouring
-down in torrents.
I had to climb twenty feet before
reached a limb or snag, but with the ai
of the pole I accomplished it pretty
easily, considering the tree was so we
and slippery. I reached down and go
the pole with the'knife, and set it on
snag and leaned it against another ove
head to be out of my way, and climbe
up by the aid of the snag until within
about twenty feet of the panther. Ther
were no more snags for ten feet, and
had to climb unaided. I made the spa;
with many a slip and reached a snag and
climbed on top of it.
The tree leaned, and had two forks.
The panther stood with his hind feet on
one and fore feet on the ocher. The
dogs were jumping and barking, and the
panther had his eyes riveted on them,
with his mouth open, showing his teeth.
I could look between the prongs and see
him not ten feet distant, and had I then
been on the ground, would have mount-
ed my horse and left him up the tree.
But I had gone too far not to make the
I laid h dold of my pole, and with my left
arm around the tree worked the pole up
with my right hand. I had nothing to
brace me but one snag. I could not see
the panther except in one position, and
that was by no means a comfortable one.
The pole was a green pine sapling and
heavy to manage, though there was a
small limb that I could steady it by to
make the thrust when I was ready.
I gave the panther a thrust, expecting
him to jump out. The knife hit on his
breast bone and did not wound him
much. Instead of jumping out he saw
me. With hair bristling up, mouth
open showing his teeth, his eyes dilated
until they looked to me as large as
saucers, his long tail stretched to its full
length, he uttering powerful growls.
Captain Lanier shouted to me to punch
him again. I replied that I could nol
stand it, and let the pole drop to the
ground. Throwing my leg from over
the snag a small knot near the end
caught my drawers and the sharp end
of the snag ran through them below the
seam. I struggled all I could to break
loose,'and the more I struggled the
lower my body got, the panther coming
on growling. \
I could not have held on another mo-
ment if the panther had jumped on me
which it appeared he intended doing as
soon as he reached the fork, when he
and I would have tumbled to th(
ground, a distance of fifty feet. I be-
came desperate. Grasping around th
tree with my left arm, I gave the snag a
blow and it broke. I grasped the tree
and slid down much faster than I hac
climbed up. I ran for a tree, feeling as
if the panther's sharp nails had hold o
me. 1 looked from behind the tree, an
there the panther was.- 1 gave a sigh o
relief, and vowed never to climb afte
I would have given almost anything
for a gun or pistol to have shot him.
secured two good pine knots to give hin
a parting lick and hit him with both
The knife had hurt him, as the blood wa
dropping from him on the palmettoes
I had began to get up my shoes an(
1 clothes to leave, when out he jumped
with the dogs at his heels. Parker and
I picked up some poles and followed
They ran probably one-fourth of a mile
and then turned and came towards us
1 I stood with my pole ready to break hin
down in the back. I felt much brave
than while up in the ties.
The panther came within a few yard
of us, and turned.and bounded up an
i other tree. Parker and I grabbed u
e pine knots and pelted him so fast tha
e he remained on thefirstlimb he reached
We called' to Captain Lanier to bring th
y pole with the knife. We jabbed hit
I and the panther caught the knife in hi
teeth and broke a piece out of it. Cap
f tain Lanier gave the pole a jerk, an
I threw the panther from the limb to th
y ground. The dogs covered him, and
f had a pole, and Parker a knife to assis
- the dogs, and we killed him. Captain
t Lanier measured him, nine feet front
t nose to tip of tail. I never have, in a
my many experiences, felt prouder o
I anything than killing that panther.
d The rain continued, it was getting lati
y the country was new to us, and after
t wandering until a late hour, we had t
t camp for the night, wet and hungry
a with nothing to eat for ourselves o
r horses. We were about four miles froi
d out cattle pen, and on arriving theri
i next morning, found them all righ
a We ate breakfast and all laid:down t
I sleep, not having slept during the nigh
u FORT OGDEN, DeSoto Co., Fla.
ti 010, Boston baked No. 8 1605@17. Corn,
,mw arktIWa W al.lV sugar, No.2851290180, green, No. 2$1502@200
Okra and tomatoes, No.88 00, No. 2a 80
Pumpkins,No.85l3R Peas, marrow. No.2
o125, Early Juhe, No. 2: a602 00,Bor eaux
JACKSONVILLE MARKETS. No. 8 50. 0SUcotash. N S 1 I SqUas,
JACKSONVILL AK No. 8 $1 75. Tomatoes. No, S. high grades St 0,
WHOLESALE. No. 2 high grades 97%c no seconds.
[The following quotations are obtained from DriedFrult-Per pound, appe, sun-dried
the leading houses in the different lines of 7 evaporated tron urrnts
business, and will be corrected as often as re- -0. Pru nes V d n AMI Miss10
quired. They will be of value to ouf-town anned Fruits-Per dozen, AppleMiss-
business men desiring to order goods from Apricots, No. 3 d 7 o. Blackberries, No. 2 $1
Jacksonville.1 onions. 0.lueberries, No. 2 $125. Cherrai, white
Provision. wax, No. 2-, red No.2-. Peache., 1o. 8
Meats- D. S. short ribs, boxed, 815, D., 82 50, No. 22 00 pe No. 8$150. Pdara N. 8
long clear sides 8 15, D. S. bellies 8%c, bacon 8 50, No. 2 $2 0. Pineapples No. 2 l h1i 7&.
ribs9o, smoked bellies 9c, 8. C. hams, can- ums, greengage, No. 6&. Quince.4o.2
vassed, fancy 12@12%o, 8. C. shoulders, can- 015001 & Strawberries, No. 2 65
passed 8c, California, or picnic hams 8%o. Baihg Powders-Per doz., toyal, 16 oz.
Lard-Refined tierces 8ac. 5 do. 8 oz. 82 65, do. 4 oz. 1 0, Campell's,
Mess Beef-Barrels $9 00, hall barrels 0 25. 16 oz. 82 40, do 8 os. $185, do 4 oz- 90c. Empire,
Mess pork 156 60. 16 o. 32 25, 8 oz. $120,4 oz. 84c, snow flake 14
Pickled Meats-Pigs feet half barrels 5425 oz. 82 00, 8 oz. 110 4 oz. 750, yeast cakes, MrS.
each do. quarter barrels 560 each. Tripe, Green's 75c, 3 A 7cc.
half barrels 84 25 each, quarter barrels WA60 Farina, Etc.-Maccaront, 1 lb. package pe
each. lb, 10c, vermicelli, do le, buckwheat half
Fresh Meats-Straight cattle 600 lbs. to 700 barrels $375 oatmealhall ba rels 3 75, rye
lbs., average 7Ne, sheep 40 to 60 lbs., average four, half barrels 8 25, Graham flour, halt
llo, dressed hogs, 100 to 150 lbs., average barrels 8 25, barley, per lb. 50, Tapioca, per
8R4c, fancy pork sausage 909c, smoked lb. 8c.
Bologna 6 @7 starch-1 lb. packages, Oswego, per lb. 7%c.
These quotations are ftr round lots from extra lump, per lb. 4Kc, superior corn, 1 lb
first hands, c per lb advance on meats, and packa e per I 7c.
o on lard o Jobbing orders. Pickles--Pints per doz, t1 10. uart, per
utter-Market firm and advancing. Best doz. 1 75, kegs $4 50, C0 and B quarts, per oz.
table 24@26 per lb, cooking 15@20c per Sb. 8 00, pints 88 40.
Country Produce, Fruits. Etc. Sugar.
Irish Potatoes-Early Rose $850, Burbank Standard granulated per lb 7 c, standard
S50. Scotch potato sacks 88 25. white extra 0C per lb 7c, standard extra 0
Onions-Red, per barrel, 88, b0 yellow, per per lb 630.
. barrel, 8 10; very scarce. I* 4lods.
Beets-Per barrel $275. ticongs Amoskeag, A. C 15. 16c
Northern turnips-Per barrel 82 50. do B 14@14%c do fancy 10801c, Cords, o. 2
SEggs-Duval county, per dozen, 15c. 14@16c, do o. 8 12 2%, do No. 4 1212o,
Apules-Choice, per barrel,4 650; fancy, per do No.5 8@9, do Noe. 6 7%8c, Ham ton
barrel, 64 765 00. stripe ll@(lo, do 1D 10 lle Hadley Fancy
Peanuts--H. P. Va., per 6c. 90, cean 6%7c, Palmer @c Swift Bter
Raisins London layers, imported, per box, 8%,@9o, SomerseLt fancy ]M212c, Thoradyke
$3 00; do Californias 2 75. 90.
Dates- New Persian boxes So nalls 7c. Prints-American Shirtings 68c, Allen's
.Lemons-Cnoice 38 39, fancy 6. Staples 6%c, Charter Oak 6o Dunrk r3/4i4c,
Garlic-Per lo 130. Gloucester Greys 6@6%c, Aarmony 5o, In-
Pickles-Sweet, 10-gallon kegs, per keg, 86 50 digo Blues 7 /@7rAc L.odi Shirtings 60, Mer-
manoes 10-gallon kegs, per ke, O. rimack Shirtinges c, Orion Fancys 50%, Pa-
Cider Western, % barrels, 54 25; Motts, % clfics 6%c Steel Rivers 6@6c, Solids 66%4c,
barrels, 84 00. .. .. Shepherd Pialds 6e, Simpson's Mourning
Cocoanuts-Per 100 4 60, per 1,000 40 00. 6%@7o, Turkey Red 8c.
Bananas-Firsts, per bunch, 1 50; 2ds, per binghams-Amoskteag Staple 8@8 c, do
S bunch, 8100125. Canteen 9@98c, Brentford firstname.lastname@example.com, Birmlng-
SFigs-10 8 boxes, per b, 14c; Y4 ovals, per ham 6@7o, Champlon 7@7c, Criterion U14
13c. ^ @12o, Lakewood 84 c, Normanlle 9@90,
e Prunes-50 lb boxes 80o. Navele 9o, Nortly Cord 18%@14o, Puritan 100
Preserves-Assorted, six 5 .b buckets to case, 10c, Sherwood 9c, Tolle du Nord lie.
per case 3 50; assorted 80 b buckets, per lb 10o. Canton Flannel Attica F. Bro 8@8%c, Ditto
e Jelly-Assorted, six 6 buckets to case, per D. do 8c, do E. do 84@9c, do G. do l010%
case 350; assorted, 30 Ib buckets, per b 8)c. Hamilton Bro 6%4, Ti emont do 6c, Hartfor
e Nuts-Almonds 18c, Brazils 12c, filberts do 7@7c, (F) Bro 7@8o. Massachusetts 5R.
(Sicily) 12c English walnuts, Grenobles, 180, Bro7@7 c, Attica Blch 9%e, Massacnu-
mabots 15c pecans 14c, peanuts 6/,. cocoa- settse. do 8@8%c, Somersett o 10, do 10@
nuts 3 50@450per 100. 10c, do No 30, do 12s@13c, do No 40, do 14@
f Live Poultry-Limted supply, as follows: 15c,do No 50, do 156lc, do No 70, do 18@19c.
i Hens 40c, mixed 35c, half grown 25c. Jeans-Dunmore 18%@20c Flushing 12%c,
d Florida cabbages 82 0000 per 100. Hannibal 15c, Merion 10c, lichmond 80@:2c,
f Florida turnips 8100@150 per barrel Shenandoah 85c, Silver Peak 27c%, Washing.
r Tomatoes-S2 75@3 00 per crate, ton 82%.
Peas-1 00 per crate. Stripes and Cheviota-Rescue Plaids 7@78c,
Beans-1 00 per crate. Carolina Plaids 6P/@7c, Boston Stripes 71c,
g Cauliflowers-2 25 per orate. Heavy Shirting Stripes 10%c, Columbian
I Cucumbers--800 per crate. Cheviots 9@9Y.
New Potatoes-2 02 75 per crate. Cotton Drill and Osnaburghs-Dwight 2 50,
New Potatoes-6 00 per barrel. Drill 10@10 c, Ettrick 8 oz, Duck 11@11%,
Groceries, Canned Goods, Etc. Greenwood oz, Duck 12@12ce, Guilford 8 oz,
Fl ou-Best patent 6 iOSe01. bet ai Osnaburg 1 10c, Peppere Drill i@8c,
s our-Best patent 5 +.6 bslam.ly Charleston tnd Dril 7%c, Charleston
86 0005 25, extra family 4 75 00. Drill 7, Stoark No arestnc.
d Grits and Meal-Grits, less than 10 barrels Cr3 r.t Jilan and7. ar-No Duk .rJeas
3 85, more than 10 barrels 0t73. Meal, less C.orse, agand"C"r-c-Anmestoray .ean
than 10 barrels 83 75,more than 10 barrels 83 65. 6anc AndlrOco @c Co6nestau g 754,0
SRice- Wholes ale prices 67@0. a ind O a iton e eren
Syrups- Florida 450c, golden dri 8040. Eawafds Cambric 484c, Paper Cambric 6
Cheese-Fancy full cream, per lb. h2 14c. 06o
Coffees,-Rios 16 21, Java 25@29c, roasted Crash-Brown Crash 6@110, Russian 7@15c,
Sio 20@26 roastedf' a 2 a830t Bleached le higher, Glass Toweling 7@15c.
a Teas -,Blackan~d gr~e'en or mixead.0olong ,Brown Sheeting-Allendale 10-4 20@22c, do
T oen san, d gnors ixed. Oolong, 9-4 18@19c, Anchor 36 in 4%c, Augusta A. 86
rra.... Jpa. .in. 7 .c, Ascot 86 in. 513 14c, Blue Ridge 54
Crackers-Standard soda X, per lb. 5c, soda Bstn12ic o
SXXX 4c, standard lemon 7c, standard ginger O^U dSlto h5413 914, Conto lie Iston 7'y
Ssnaps1f~c. Vanderveer & Holmes soda X oc, @8 onatitutio in. 9@9c, Charles ton
Soda X 7 soda XXX 7c, lemo 7c, do R. R. 7-8 Wc, do C. -4 4c, Dwight .
psnap ec, sady c rack eri tiens og e 86 in 70784ld. d 6610 Enerpris.e E. .
p n 8)
200 vanilla,2 oz. 8150@270 strawberry, 2 oz Lockom BMiltn L awc..e rll
o 2. Tin.8 rc Miltons Xer 0 c Pegperell
51 o2@2 00, pneanle, 2oz. a1 260200. rbans 10 0 22e23Cd T 12 ue/ 4o-4224,
e Condensed M -er case as per brands 'r a ts in a2s4
oo 9-bbl~,oTom center 86 In. 6AO,
y named. Eagle 87 6, Dime 64 0, Swiss-English ...ldo 9-4 1@ Tom n te 8lnh dh68__%4;
S85 80, Swiss-American $5 80 Dalsy $5 75, Hlh- Der. C. S^nd Fly^ 6I t 8 .c, Ostrich do 86
s land, unsweetened 6 40, Alpine, unsweetened Dresden 54 2.c.
)- 8550. "
d Soap-Per box Ivory, C and G 8725, Col- SAVANNAH COTTON MARKET.
gate oz. $2 65, o, 16 oz. 842 goose egg, '12 ei to Ttoinnluiry
e oz. 75, Kirk's India 60 one lb bars 2 75 do. Special to the Tlo 's-UNlIoil
I 100 half lb bars $28 35, great bargain 12 oz. SAVANNAH May L-The Upland cotton
t cakes 8875, sapollo per gross $1100, pearline, market ,pened firm at the following uo-
6 oz. packages 8 75, do. oz packages 84 00, tatons:
Ssal soda, kegs, per lb 2c. Middling fail 10 1-16
n Canned Dried Fish-Per dozen codfish Good middling .................9 11-16
[i balls, $180. Clams, No. 1 8150, No. 28210. Middlin .......... 9 7-16
. Lobsters, No. 1 81 90. Oysters, No. 1 F. W. Low middling 9 1-16
L. W. 140. Salmon Columbia Rive o to Medim ne ............. 1
No.2 02 90. Shrimp o. 2 1 00. Clam chowd r The net receipts were 800 bales; gross re-
'r 6675 Imported. r case 6180001800. Codfish, port 20,066 bales; exports coastwise 19 bales.
0 2 lb blocks, per lb 7&e, 5 lb boxes per IbN7Y8o. I SA IBLAND COTTON.
Matches-Per gr oss.S.C.B'.125, Cat. & upecal to the TiEna-UNioNl
Mouse 3 120. Peerless 615, 60so 85. 200a S2 40,8300a xr i .....
>r 83 40, Base Ball 200s 82 00 Base Ball M00s 300. SAVANNAH, May I.-In the Sea Island
n Spices-Per pound, allspice, whole 18o, cin- cotton market there Is very light Inquiry
namon, mats 15c cloves, whole 80c, ginger, and but little offering. No transactions.
root 9;, mustard 6 lb tins 3Me, pepper 6 1b, Common Floridna .18@19
t. tino 23c, pepper, whole 20o, mace, 6 lb tins 76o Xedium Georgian and Floridas.........20
; nutmegs, whole 75c. Good Flori.d ...... 21
Canned Vegetables-Per dozen, asparagus Good to Medium fine.. ................21
Oyster Bay, No. 8 88 25 do Hudson tips, No.2 Fine'.... 21%
3800. Beans, string, No. 2 6150, LIma, No. 8 Extra Fine........ .......22
INDUSTRIAL NEWS. FLORIDA TO THE FRONT. To Subscribers. PATRONIZE YODR HOME MANUFACTURE
A Matter Which Concerns Youn. See the date of expiration of subscrip-
Items Gathered From all Parts The following unsolicited opinions from tion,always appended to your address,
of the State. your friends and neighbors, men and wo- each week, and if it is about to expire,
men whom you know and respect, ought to renew promptly, so as not to miss any
-Eustis crows over a chicken hatched numbers, as we cannot always furnish
th-Eusith on oer a chicken leg.atched carry conviction to any doubting mind. back numbers.
-A guava growing association has been These words of gratitude are from those
formed at Charlotte Habor. who have been afflicted but are now well,
-The brick machine for the brick manu- solicitous that others, troubled aswere they, U
factory at De Leon Springs has arrived, may know the means of cure. There is no e o ooTRADE 1o
-Additional machinery to the cost of reason why you should longer be ill from MARK
$75,000 has been ordered for the St. Cloud kidney, liver or stomach troubles. You
sugar refinery. can be cured as well as others, do not longer O
-On fifty-five bales of tobacco from Ha- delay treatment, but to-day obtain that N'
vana one day last week, V. Martinez Ybor which will restore you to permanent health N
& Co., paid $8,500 duty. and strength. F DIE IN TH Uil
--Indications point to an enormous orange OBAROW,1Fa., Feb. 24, 1888 -I know enough
-Indications point to an enormous orange "Warner's bafe cure," both from personal
crop next season if nothing happens to expereeand from what I have seen in
check the growth or injure the trees. other cases besides my own, to say that Gone where the Woodbine Twineth.
-Mr. C. F. Young's Niagara grape vine- among all preparations now on the market Rats are smart, but "Roa0n oN k&rs" beats' H J R 8,S
yard near Orando is in a thriving condition or that ever have been there, none can corn them. Clears out Rats, Mice, Roaches, Water
and the Reporter say in a thriving condition, re with "Warner's Safe Cure." I am but Bugs, Flies, Beetes, Moths, Ants, Msquitoe Manufacturer of
and the .Reporter say it is worth going tie more than thirty years of age, yet have Bed-hugs Insects Potato Bugs, Sparrows,
miles to see. been a victim of Bright's disease of the kid- Skunks. *easel, dophers, Chipmunks, Moles, SOAPS, PURE GROUND BONE,
I'-Mr. Joseph J. Giusto, of Holyoke, neys and rheumatism in its worst form. I Musk Rats, Jack abbts. Squirrels. 15c. & M A25. TH
Mass.. has purchased 100 acres of land near have suffered deaths upon deaths, and for THE
I months lay suffering and helpless without
Lloyds, on the F. R. & N. R. R., which he hope, although kind friends did all in their E N L IC E Bnn O rane I NO,
will plant in tobacco, power for me. In my greatest -extremity I "RouGin ON RA'" Is a complete peventiv e Best Insecticide Extant. Coarse G
-Messrs. D. L. Trujilla & Co., whose en- was advised to use "Warner's Safe Cure." and destroyer of Hen Lice. ixa 2 box5c the Best Insecticide Extant. Coarse Ground
terprise and public spirit are well known, anddidso. Ifmy case weren't known to so "BOGH ON RATS" to a pail of whitewash Bone for Poultry, SoftSoap, ad Soap Chipsor
areaotively ushingthe ideaof a tobacco many people, I would hesitate to ask the pub- keep it well stirred up while applying. White. making soap sads for Plants and Vegetables.
change ein de Westc lic to believe the statement that this medlcin wash the whole interor of the Hennery; Inside OFFICE, NO. 28 OCEAN STREET,
exchange in Key West. -wrought such a great and instantaneous and outside of the nests. The cure radical R ,
-Mr. D. H. Hart, of Adamsville, Sumter change. It was like magic in its operation, and complete. P. 0. Box n348. Jacksonville. Fla
county, has just netted $250 on one-fourth and in a short time I came forth a strong OTATO BUGS on .
of an acre in strawberries, and there was man ain Time enough has elapsedforme For Potato Bugs, Insects on
to be able to say that my cure is permanent Vines, Shrubs, e 1 pound
$50 worth he never gathered. for it has been several years since a single rhathe contents of V i.00
-Mr. Alex Grice, a Leon county farmer, symptomofmy old trouble showed itself I box of "RoUaGHon o IT Ar e
has raised oats this season which measure take pleasure in giving these facts to the pub- cultural Size) to be thIorou g"A
five feet in height and with well filled lic and I also confidently recommend the mixed with one to two barrels Suited to the Soil and Climate of
use of "Warners Safe Cure" to all who are of plaster orwhatisbetterair
heads, and wheat over four feet tall with n any wiseafflicteed th kidney, liver, blad- slacked lima Much depends
large, perfect grains. der, stomach, or any organic trouble, or upon thorough xing, so as nl
-H. J. Hampton, of Okahumpka, says the rheumatism, gout or neuralgia. I know of t completely distribute he son Sprinkle orida,
Leesburg Commercial, has a Mediterranean dozens of eases of which "Warner's Safe It on plants, trees or shrubs when damp or
sweet orange tree, two years old, three and Remedies" have performed cures that seemed wet, and is quite effective when mixed with Grown and for Sale at
s feet a ge e, two years o ld t ee most miraculous, and particularly have in lime, dusted on without moisture. While in
half feet high, which has fifty fully de- mind the case of a lady -ho was at death's its concentrate state it is the oi e
velopedorangeson it. He has, also, a one- door from general debility. and who was and strongest of all Bug Poisons; when mixed A LU LrU ND A LM A
year old Jaffa and a good many one-year saved by the use of "Warner's Safe Care" as above is comparatively harmless to an1.
buds that are bearing. males or persons, in any quantity they would NIIRSERIES,
-Dr. Henry Poster, of Lake Charm, Or- ,. s nakef fe th e fl in formatabe-USE ES,
ange county, has an abiding faith in muck we shaenin a kegof waterand Near TALLAHASSEE, Fla.,
as a fertilizer. He has recently drained an applied wite a sprinliking pot, spray srinS
extensive muck bed, and now has several or whisk broom, will be found veryeffective. E. DUBOIS, Manager.
hundred cords of muck piled up and under- Keep It well stirred up while using. Sold Sby
going the curing process Dpreparatory to .-.ii Druggists and Storekeepers. c.,2c.& $ Send for Catalogue and order early. Send, also
using it upon his grove. He uses lime E. S. WELns, Chemist, Jersey City, N. J. for Price List of
with it very freely, it being sprinkled upon GOcoE, Fla., Feb. 21, 18I8.-I hawe used
the muck as the heap is built up. Warner's Safe Cure" with the best of results SAY I! LOOK HERE! Florida ines.
-The Leesburg Commercial says: "Cap- in liver and kidney diseases. and have known It will Pay You to Read Every Word
tain Phares, of Yalaha, having the curies- of a great many cases in which its use has of his Advertisement. USEHA N
ity to know how many bushels per acre his performedthe most miraculous cures when HAYI-A f U
rity to know hw many bushels per acre his other medicines and the trea ment of g d The So then Farmer, of Athens, Ga., is a I
Irish potatoes were turning out, measured physicians had failed 'Warner's Sate i- handsomely illustrated 40-page monthly m TE ATO LS
the marketable crop of one-thirteenth of an edles" are considered throughout this section zine. The various departments, The Farm, fhe r i
acre and ascertained that the yield was at as the standard medicines 11 classes use Garden, Poultry, Live Stock, The Home, etc. FOrStaCkngoUtin fieldsoriSO wgWil ayWlnbarns
the rate of 250 bushels per acre. At that them, and all are more than satisfied are under the management of competent and The use of a good Hay Carrier and Fork a few
time his potatoes were bringing in the experienced writers We are desirous of in- hours in a catching time may save many times its
northern markets 2.50 to per standard creasing our 1 rge subscription list, and make cost. At such times, anything that facilitates the
Northern markets $2.50 to $8 per standard the following unprecedented offer. Our regular handling ofay leaens the rik from bad weather.
crate, $to $4.80 per bushel." subscription price. Is 81 a year, but we will send
-The cultivation of sugar cane on the re- the paper to you fourteen months and the fol- -
claimed lands around Tobopekaliga Lake lowing books for farmers:
has assumed proportions far in excess of No. 168. Country Architecture. Con-
hlias assume prorftll onsnnHl fa nr on in eesotaining designs and plans for house cottages,
what is generally supposed. There are in ANFORD, Fla., Feb. 20, 1888.-I have been a barns and other outbuildings. h cta
the neighborhood of 2,000 acres now in pilot on the St. Johns River for about four- No. 169. The Stockbreeders' Guide.
sugar cane, on which it is expected to yield teen years, and have stood for seven years of This work contains information of great values
forty-five tons of cane per acre, all of which that time in the pilot house of the steamer H regarding the care and management, feeding and
has been contracted for by the sugar com- B. Plant, sailing between Jacksonville and rearing of horses cattle, sheep and hogs. Ill'd.
pany at about $4.50 per ton, amounting in Sanford. The only time I everlost was about No, 170. The Whole Subject of Ferti. . V f r.
the aggregate to $400,000 or equal to 10,000 three years ago when I was disabled from an lizers. This Important subject is fully treated 1 rri
bales of cotto attacR of liver and kidney disease. M trou- in this book. We manufactureAntrictlon.,Beversble, Swivel
bales of cotton. ble was coming on for a long time, but made No. 171. Fruit Culture for Profit. In and Rod ay Carriers HarpoonandGrappleHorse
-The Orlando Reporter says: "L. W. a fight to keep going I was forced to sue- this book is giv n a vast amount of useful infor- e-rate- o aild rHooket Also the
Gray, who lives two miles south of Orlan- eumb at last. and for some time I was in a nation for growers of all kinds of fruits. I'd. P rithe Geareng nd Mill in 18
do, is giving special attention to bee keep- fearful predicament. Not only were my aNo. 172 Success in the Garden. Con- Soi Wheel Wind Mill in 5 sizes; as the
ing. He keeps Itaan stock and now haskeep liver an kidneys diseased, but i buffered the tains valuable information regarding the suc- ieed i, iL Corn ShellerIl tallk tter.
ardg. H e keeps Italian stock, annow has most excruciating pains in all parts of m cesful growing of all kinds of vegetables. Ill'd Hre Powers, Jacks, Pumps, Tanks, etc, Send for
upwards of one hundred queen rearing body, and from allI rould as certain from the No. 1783. The Great Staples. Contains ctalogue and prices. Agents wanted inunassigned
hives. He divides his time between his symptoms I had catarrh of the bladder valuable hints and useful suggestions regarding territory. U.S. WIND INlE & P CO.. Batavia, DL
bees and his orange grove, and does not Wile I lay sick atmy home here, some one the culture of wheat, corn, potatoes, hay, etc.
find that they in any manner interfere with recommended "Warner's Safe Cure" and as Il The BUYERS' GUIDE is
each other. He has now onhand a quan- the physicians could do me no good whatever No. 174. Home-made Farm Imple. issued March and Sept.,
tit of orange blossom honey, which for I began using it, although I had but little ments. Contains direction for making useful each year. It is an ency.
iy oge blossom honey, whie r hope ofbeing releited. Yeta few bottles e- and laor-saving uensil. all of which are un- clopedia of useful infor-
deicacy of flavor and attractive appearance moved allmy wort symptoms except those paten ed and my be easily made. I Ud. nation for all who pr-
cannot be surpassed. of catarrh of the bladder. For the's mot ma- No. 175. Guide to Suecessful Poultry chase the luxuries or the
-Of the preparations being made to de- lignent and troublesome disease I was forced Keepning. A complete poultry book, giving cnecessiti es of lif e
velop the rich phosphate beds in Peace to keep up the treatment aconsiderabletime the fullest information regarding this profitable c necessities of life. We
River, the rc ia b:s "Oata T but a persisted t -se of "Warner's Safe Cure' pursuit. Ill'd. can clothe you and furnishyou with
River, the Ar ian says: "Captain T. S. restored me to perfect health, and now there For only $1. Satisfaction guaranteed. These all the necessary and unnecessary
Morehead, manager of the Arcadia Phos- is not a more healthy man on the St. John'- books are published in pamp hlet form and all appliances to ride, walk, dance, sleep,
phate Company, is 'making things hum' River, or for that matter anywhere else I wel illustrated. A club of ve subscribers and eat, fish, hunt, work, go to church,
with a force of men completing the railroad have recommended "Warner's Safe Cure" to five sets of books for t4, and paper and books or stay at homo, and in various sizes,
to the river, building bridges and barges agreatmany, and havegoodreason forthink- sent free to person securing the club. Paper style and u antities. Jrust fi ot
erecting houses and sheds, and making 'ng that by my advice several cures have four months and any two books for 25ct. Ad- styles and quantities. Just figureout
great prparationsfor converting the ri been effected. consider it without an equal dress atonce THE SOUTHERN FARMER what is required to do all these things
phosphate into cash. Harris ulerson Mention this paper. Athens, da. COMFORTABLY, and you can make a fair
phosphate into cash. Harris i d lersoi estimate of the value of the BUYERS'
and hishandsareputting up dry kiln on NIAGARA FOR E PUMP will be sent upon
the phosphate bar, aud several drying I I-Kreceipt of 10 cents to pay postage
sheds three hundred feet in length will be __121 /P 7 NIAGAR FORCE PU I r ots
built on the east side of the river. The MONTGOMERY WARD & CO.
cars are expected daily, and it is believed Cheapest and best Well Force Pump: Will never 111-114 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
that everything will be ready to admit of -The South Florida foundry, of Orlando, eeser introducties iour lote Pump ill name -
ining in a few weeks. The machinery is getting out castings for several of Mr. of well. We also manufacture the atest Improved R
for te Arcadia Guano Compauy is being Burdeon's fibre machines, which have been outfits for Sprayin Fruit Trees and Cotton UD E A F
selected by Major MoClure, who is now in ordered by capitalists in Honduras, Vene- eithby Hand Ho Hors Power,..flogue. r E PATENT IMPROVED CUSmIOND EAR DRUMS
the North for that purpose. The first ship- zuela and other South American places FIED FORCEPUMPO. LOKPOT,. Y. so ole, omftea lwyston. A
ments of raw phosphate will be made to the Castings are also being made for Burdon's rOnE vPUP CO. LOCKPORT, H. Y. envas.ir.. ria.ie,comfortable-and alwyo ino potion. Ate
Scott Manufacturing Company, of Atlanta, moss-cleaning machine, which has been or- PEERLEAr the BET. ewithalmoni wP R5st Addt or. callu o F. Ht80aX,
Ga." -dered by a firm in Chicago. r PEERLES DYES G s. e. way, New ora. leisoh. Uspapel.
State that is now
on a Boom
Equalled by any in the South!
If you wish to get reliable information and
learn something definite about this
Weekly Time&,
SWeekly Edition of the
The only Morning Daily in the State,
and has the
Exclusive Press Franchise,
To Every Yearly Subscriber.
Daily, i10 per year; $1 per month.
Ad I.i
Specimen fCopies Free. -
[I COPYRIGHT, IaST.]
The only medicine for woman's peculiar ailments, sold by druggists, under a positive guarantee, from the manufacturers,
that it will give satisfaction in every case, or money will be refunded, is DR. PIERCE'S FAVORITE PRESCRIPTION. This guarantee has
been printed on the bottle-wrappers, and faithfully carried out for many years.
THE OUTGROWTH OF A VAST EXP=Kni: CE.
The treatment of many thousands of cases of those chronic weaknesses and distressing ailments peculiar to females, at the
Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, Buffalo, N. Y., has afforded a vast experience in nicely adapting and thoroughly testing
remedies for the cure of woman's peculiar maladies.
Dr. Pierces Favor.
A BOO I te Prescription is lathe
S" outgrowth, or result, of
| nuMCN this great and valuable
| UuM i experience. Thousands
1 9 of testimonials, received
from patients and from physicians who
have tested it in the more aggravated and
obstinate cases which had baffled their skill,
prove it to be the most wonderful remedy
ever devised for the relief and cure of suf-
fering women. It is not recommended as
a cure-all," but as a most perfect Specific
for woman's peculiar diseases.
As a poxverful, in-
i n.....i vgorating tonic, it
A POWERFUL imparts strength to the
H, |u i wole system, and to the
0IIlP. Iiterus. or womb .and its
T *| |appendages, in particu-
lar. For overworked,
"worn out," "run down," debilitated
teachers, milliners, dressmakers, seam-
stresses," shop-girls," housekeepers, nurs-
ing mothers, and feeble women generally,
Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription is the
greatest earthly boon, being unequaled as
an appetizing cordial and restorative tonic.
It promotes digestion and assimilation of
food, cures nausea, weakness of stomach,
indigestion, bloating and eructations of gas.
As a soothing the system for delivery as to greatly
U anda trengthening lessen, and many times almost entirely do
A Prescription" is une- ordeal.
NERVINE. qudled and is invaluable _______ "Favorite Pre.
In allaying and subdu- s cription is a
. ing nervous excitabil- | eCaUREl TU positive cure for
ity, irritability, exhaustion, portion, irraton, ESUll th most TmE(td
hysteria, spasms and other distressing, | wnT iei and obstinatpie cated
nervous symptoms commonly attendant WORST iSEoS. f lencorrhea, or
upon functional and organic disease of "w- ** whites," excessive
the womb. It induces refreshing sleep flowing at monthly periods, painful men-
and relieves mental anxiety and de- struation, unnatural suppression, prolalp-
spondeony. sus or falling of' the womb. weak back,
Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescrip- "female weakness," anteversion, retrover-
tion is a legitimate medicine sion, bearin -down sensations, chronic
carefully compounded by an experienced congestion, inflammation, and ulceration
and skillful physician, and adapted to of the womb, inflamniuition, pain and
woman's delicate organization. It is tenderness in ovaries, ancomniplied with
purely vegetable in its composition 'and "internal heat."
perfectly harmless in its effects in any "Favorite Prescrip.
condition of the system. tion' W hen taken in con-
111 pregnancy, "Fa- | rH TH i section with the use of Dr.
vorite Prescription" is "" I Pierce's Golden iledical Dis-
A MOTHER S a "mother's cordial," | |IiV cover, and small laxative
| .. |relieving nausea, weak- Munhts. doses of Dr. Plerce's Pur.
S ORDIAL ness or stomach and gative Pellets (Little Liver
COuuuuDIA other distressing symp- Pilis, cures Liver, Kidney and Bladder dis-
E M MA I toma common to that eases. Their combined use also removes
condition. If its use is kept up in the blood taints, and abolishes cancerous and
latter months of gestation, It so prepares scrofulous humors from tihe system.
TREATING THE 14 RONG DIS:AtE.
Many times women call on their family physicians, suffering, as they imagine, one from dyspepsia, another from heart disease,
another from liver or kidney disease, another from nervous exhaustion, or prostration, another with pain here or there, and in this way
they all present alike to themselves and their easy-going and indifferent, or over-busy doctor, separate and distinct diseases, for which
he prescribes his pills and potions, assuming them to be such, when, in reality, they are all only sUmiptos caused by some womb
disorder. The physician, ignorant of the cause of suffering, encourages his practice until large bills are mace. The suffering
patient gets no better, but probably worse by reason ot the delay, wrong treatment and consequent complications. A proper
medicine, like DR. PIERCE'S FAVORITE PRESRIPTION, directed to the cause, would have entirely removed the disease, thereby dis-
pelling all those distressing symptoms, and instituting comfort instead of prolonged misery.
t t IMrs. E. F. MORGAN, of Vo. 71 Lexington St..
13E PHlInU s t Boston, Mass., says: "Five years ago I
3 P.HYSIIANS was a dreadful sufferer from uterine troubles.
S FAILED.1 Having exhausted the skill of three physi-
| II ~cU | plans, L was completely discouraged, and -so
=--weak I could with difficulty cross the room
alone. I began taking Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pr-.reyi,'ition and
using the local treatment recommended in his 'Common Sense
Medical Adviser.' I commenced to improve at once. In three
months I was perfectly cured, and have had no trouble since. I
wrote a letter to my family paper, briefly mentioning how my
health.had been restored, and offering to send the full particulars
to any one writing me for them,- and enclosing a stamped-envelove
for reply.I have received over tour hundred letters. In reply,
I have described my case and the treatment used, and have ear-
nestly advised them to 'do likewise.' From a great many I have
received second letters of thanks, stating that they had com-
menced the use of 'Favorite Prescription,' had sent the $1.50
required for the 'Medical Adviser,' and had applied the local
-A-- better already."
W EE K LY JO URNAL Retroverted Wob.-Mrs. EvA KO
DEVOTEU TO THE Neb., writes: "Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pres
geat deal of good. I suffered from retro
IF ~A for which I took two bottles of the' Favor
Sam now feeling like a different woman."
~Gr A- :D3T octora Failed.-Mrs. F. CORWIN,
writes: "I doctored with three or four
O E 3D "these parts, and I grew worse until I wi
o .C B- using your 'Favorite Prescription.' I u
-AND- and two of the 'Golden Medical Discovei
M battles of the 'Purgative Pellets.' I can d
HOusehold Economy. walk all l care to, and amrin better health
s- E be in-this world again. I owe it all to your
A. H. CURTISS, Editor.
Published at Jacksonville on Norton's Insurance Ageny.
Wednesday of Each Week. Establishedin 1570.
PRICE Of SUBSCRIPTION Represents the Hiartford andI Orient compa-
One Year $. .o nies, of Hartford, Conn., the Continental, Ni-
Six Months 1 ara and German-American, of New York,
-Three Months the Providence Washington, the St. Paul F. and
EIE C-OPE FE""" ., the Imperial of London the Travelers, of
SPECIMEN COPIES FREE. Hartford, and the Equitable Life Assurance
Address subscriptions and ther Association, which, in .1887 did a business of
AaresB suoscriptions and other business 18, 000000.
somnmunlcationsto i ,' J T ftr l H NO mRON,
m iSHAND FRUIT GROWER J. I,. NORTON,
Jacksonville, Florida. Jacksonville, Fla.
herein, and were much
HLER, of Crab Orchard.
cription has done me a
version of the uterus,
ite Prescription,' and I
of Post Creek, :. Y.,
of the best doctors in
rote to you and began
sed three bottles of it
ry,' also one-and a half
o my work and sew and
than I ever expected to
Wonderful medicineg"
1 el a 1 e a.EMrs E. CAMPBELL, Of Oakland, Cali-
A I DiIA E f iorntia writes: "I had been troubled all
S o | my life with hysterical attacks and par-
FnRoM HAIFOrnLI. oxysms, or spasms, and periodical recur-
anRdM ou.r uotlNo | rences of severe hhe e, but since I have
been using your 'Favorite Prescription' i
have had none of these. I also had womb complaint so bad that
I could not walk two blocks without the most. severe pain but
before I had taken your 'Favorite Prescription' two months. I
could walk all over the city without inconvenience. All my
troubles seem to be leaving me under the benign influence of
your medicine, and I now feel smarter than for years before. My
physicians told me that I could not be cured, and therefore you
will please accept my everlasting thanks for what you have done
for me, and may God bless you in your good works."
Later, she writes: "It is now four years since I took your 'Fa.
vorite Prescription,' and I have had no return of the female
trouble I had then."
Well as I Ever Was.-Mrs. JOHN STEWART, of Chimewiva
Fa?1, Wis.. writes: "I wish to inform you that I am as wel as
ever was, for which I thank your medicines. I took four bottles
of the 'Favorite Prescription and one bottle of your 'Discovery
and four bottles of the 'Pellets.' All of the bad symptoms have
disappeared. I do all my own work; am able to be on my feet all
day. My friends tell me I never looked so well."'
'"r. ) wetortp I teeji4ots is So byJ Druggists the World
Over I Zarge DoWes $1.00, Six for $8.00.
W Send ten cents in stamps for Dr. Pierce's large, lustratedd
Treatise (160 pages, paper covers) on Diseases of women.
Address, World's Dispensary Mledical Association,
No. 663 Main Street, BUFFALO, N. Y.
Ido not send to Georgia for my stock and then
sell them as Florida Trees.
Prices very low. Send lor circulars.
MacOlenny, Fla.
R N. ELLIS, C. r A. E. MCCLURE, Architec
ELLIS & McCLURE,
Architects & Civil Eineers,
Plans tur
INGS, SANITARY ENGINEERING, &c.
P 0. Box 784. Rooms 7 and 8 Palmetto Block
Bay Street.
'ITtE FLORIDA F'ARMER AND PRUIT-GROWER.
, k IF YOU WANT
Southern California
(Illustrated Monthly,)
$1 a Year; Sample Copy, 15 cents,
CHAS. A. GARDNER, Ed, sand Projp.
4iK I
Absolutely Pure.
This powder never varies. A marvel of
purity, strength and whblesdifienegs. More
economical than the ordinary kfindd and
cannot be sold in competition with the
multitude of low test, short weight alum or
phosphate powders. Sold only in cans
KOYAL BAKING POWDER CO., 106 Wall St.
New York.
A. B, Campbell,
ebet 9anos, Saaine Pianosi Vase Pianos,
rris plns Cloiigh &Wafeh Organs
Wilco & Whit Organs, Peloubet Sta-dad
i will sell and deliver at yottr nearest station
High Grade A
For less money than any other house in the
Unite es. Iu will ship a Piano or Organ to
any honest man or woman. on trial, and if not
satisfacory, I will ay reht both ways. a25
cash and 1 monh on a iano, and 10 cash
and $5 a month on an Organ till paid for-not
much more than an ordinary rent. On these
very liberal terms anyone can own an insfru-
ment. Seffd for FREE CATALOGUE contain-
ing full information. Sheet Musi, Strings,
Violins, Banjos, Guitars, Acoordeois, and, in
fact, every musical instrument that is made,
and at very low prices. Send for complete Oat-
alogues. I have 20,000 pieces of Choice Music
at 10 cents per copy.
Published Every Saturday.
Published Daily, Except Sunday.
The leading Horticultural Newspaper of
Southern California.
Press and Horticulturist, Weekly
Edition, per annum, $2.
Daily Press, per annum, strictly in
advance, SO.
Has a large supply of
Choice Upland Seed Rice,
Millo Maize, Kaffir Corn, Pearl Millet,
Japan Clover and Johnson Grass.
Send for Catalogue and Price List.
Barnet Bond's Son,
POnMMISRInN -'. MFRPHANT
About 100 acres No. 1 Pine or 'partly high Early Southern Fruit and
Hummock land, with small advanced grove and Vegetables a specialty.
cottage, on Indian River, or on lake front in
Orange or Lake County, on or near steamboa
or railroad depot. None need reply except with N.W. Cor. Cheapside and Pratt Street.
an exceptional bargain for cash. BALTIMORE,-MD.
Montreal. Canada. Re e Naia
PROFIT IN FRUIT CULTURE. e. nBak
esy an other vale Plums. ,000 Stencils,furnished an1t correspondence solicited,
Kelsey and other valuable Plums. 25,000
LeConte, Keifl'r and othpr Pears and Apples on '-
LeConte stock. All the valuable and Orientale is he besdisriuing mar-
and Southern Fruits. Camphor Trees, Olives, Baltimore is the bestdistributing mar-
Prunes. Nut Trees of all kinds. Jersey (attle, ket north for your early products. I
Jersey Red Hog. Seeds of Forage Plants prompt sales and good returns
Highesi Quality, Lowest Prices. Valuable in- promise prompt sales and good returns
formation in illustrated catalogue free. on day of arrival.
Cherokee Farm and Nurseries, Are the BEST.
Waycross,Ga PEERLESS DYES SOLDBYDRUOOITs.
Free on application, All varieties of fruit trees suited to Florida. Ornamental) Trees,
Roses and Greenhouse Plants. Address
Bay View, Fla.
Nurseries of the Milwaukee-Florida Orange Co.
We make a specialty of the distinctive varieties of Citrus Nursery Trees, such as Double
Imperial, Riverside (buds personally selected by a member of our Company in California), and
Washington Navels, Maltese Blood, Hart's Tardiff, Du Rot. Jaffa, Start's eedless, Tagerine,
etc.. In Lemons we have Villa Franca, Helair Premium, Sicily, Genoa and Eureka. Also, Talii
Limes Peaches (Bidwell's Early, etc.), Plums, White Adriatic Figs, etc.; etc.
Our Stock is large and complete, thrifty and clean. Catalogue free on application.
Address. A. L. DUNCAN. Manager, DuneduiWFla.
X-I Pa. XIL XC j M A. M aL C> %75,
State Agents of the State of Florida for the celebrated Imperial and Culmbacher Bottled
Beer. The Jug Trade a specialty. Catalogue and price list on application.
Nos. 80 and 107 W. Bay St. Warehouse, 114 W. Bay St., Jacksonville. Fla.
Only genuine"flg of commerce;" imported by us direct from Smyrna. The finest fig grown,
and the one to plant for profit. Write at once for prices and secure trees before stock is ex-
hausted. Also the Japanese, Satsuma Blood Plum, said to be the finest plum in the
world. Japan Chestnnts and nuts of all sorts adapted to the So.th. Giant Loqusts,
Nutmegs, Tamarinds, Jack Fruits, Guavas, etc.. etc. Send stamp for catalogue and Guide
to Fig Culture. .
Cutler Dade County, Florida. *
Everything for Florida, the Northern Conservatory, Mexico
and the Tropics.
Palms, Cactus, Agaves, Ferns, Orchids, Grasses, Green-
house Plants, Etc., Etc.
Send 10 ete. for 100 page illustrated catalogue" Address at once
REASONER BROS., Manatee, Fah.
WASHIEGlTON-RIVERSIDE H. L. WHEATLEY, BLOOD PLUM of SATS]MA.
NAVELS. ALTAMONTE NURSERIES, HOME GRowN.
Limes and-Citrons. Orna-
mental and Shade Trees, PALM SPRINGS, Greenhous and Bedding
New and Rare Trees, Plants, Plants, Rose Vnes, Shrubs.
etc. The best avenue.tree Orange County, Florida. Novelties in plants adapted
Grevilles Robusta. to Florida.
:EQ TW C A-TA. j LOG- -UE.
V* T iT *A 'NT A.. B C IS
20 West Bay Street, Jacksonvillei Florida.
I handle none but the Best and Most Reliable Seeds. My new catalogue will be sent free on ap-
plication. Also Wholesale Dealer in
Hay, Corn,.Oats, Flour, Grits, Meal, Ban, Wheat, Ground Feed, Screenings,
Cotton Seed Meal, Etc.
J. E. Tygert & Co's Star Brand Fertilizers.
GUARANTREfi ANALYSIS.-Comprising Orange Tree'and VegetableFertilizer,'Pure Ground,
Bone Muriate of Potash, Sulphate Potash, Nitrate Soda, Kainit, Etc.. -
Prices on application.
.+ .