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Pages: 1
Reged: Wed
Posts: 1710
Loc: 45.95N 84.55W
Hurricane trends
- Wed Jun 14 2006 10:10 PM
Quick Reply
In response to some ongoing debate in the hurricane research community, I decided to perform a very simplistic crunching of numbers. Some recent studies (e.g. by Webster, Curry, Holland, and others) claim that the number of very intense hurricanes -- category 4 and 5s -- has increased two-fold over the past 30-50 years, whereas others (e.g. Landsea, Klotzbach) claim that no such trend exists and that the available storm databases are of too poor quality to draw any definitive conclusions. Each of these studies has looked purely at the numbers, with no break down by other modulating atmospheric factors.
So, based upon conversations with a colleague, I decided to split out hurricane seasons based upon
phase. A list of years of
phase may be
found here
. I composited the seasons for each phase and looked at the following statistics: number of storms (NS), number of hurricanes (H), number of intense hurricanes (IH), number of category 4 & 5 hurricanes (N45), and season-long duration of the cat. 4 & 5 hurricanes (hrs C45). I looked only at the Atlantic, given that it is where much of the focus in this debate lies and that it has the best quality storm database, and only at the years from 1970-2005 (e.g. in the satellite and reconnaisance era). The years studied largely match those of Klotzbach's recent work.
Note: by no means is this a scientific-quality study. I've taken efforts to ensure the validity of the results, but the sample sizes are relatively low for each composite of seasons and a complete study would also include the East and Northwest Pacific basins. Statistical tests on whether each of the averages are different from each other would help alleviate the relatively small number of cases.
With that said, here are some results. All seasonal averages exclude the minimum and maximum values of each statistic so as to not have the statistics swayed by extreme seasons in either direction.
NEUTRAL YEARS: 11.35 NS, 6.29 H, 2.47 IH, 1.29 N45, 54.35hr C45
minimum values -- 6 NS (1981 and 1985), 2 H (1981), 0 IH (1985 and 1993), 0 N45, 0hr C45 (both 5 seasons)
maximum values -- 28 NS, 15 H, 7 IH, 5 N45 (all 2005), 308hr C45 (2004)
LA NINA YEARS: 11.00 NH, 6.17 H, 2.17 IH, 1.17 N45, 37.00hr C45
minimum values -- 7 NS, 3 H, 0 IH (all 1972), 0 N45, 0hr C45 (both 1972 and 1975)
maximum values -- 15 NS (2000), 8 H (1999 and 2000), 5 IH, 5 N45, 210hr C45 (all 1999)
EL NINO YEARS: 9.14 NS, 4.71 H, 1.71 IH, 0.57 N45, 44.57hr C45
minimum values -- 4 NS (1983), 3 H (1983 and 1987), 1 IH (5 seasons), 0 N45, 0hr C45 (both 4 seasons)
maximum values -- 16 NS (2003), 10 H (1998), 3 IH (3 seasons), 3 N45 (1988), 228hr C45 (2003)
So, what does this all tell us? Neutral years seem to see the most activity, followed by La Nina years and El Nino years. The differences between neutral and El Nino years are 2.21 NS, 1.58 H, 0.76 IH, 0.72 N45, and 9.78hr C45. On first glance, these would appear to be significant differences, but small sample size issues exist. A quick t-test on the intense hurricane data suggest the difference is significant to the 72% confidence level -- not all that high. The difference in named storms is significant to the 81% confidence level -- a bit better, but still not that high. More years and/or adding in other basins would help establish greater confidence.
Since 1994, all but 2 seasons -- 1997 and 2002 -- have been classified as either La Nina or neutral seasons. Given that these seasons, as a whole, see greater activity than do the El Nino seasons, this could explain part of what we have seen over the past 10 years in this basin. All of the recent seasons in all three groups have seen greater activity than their means for the years between 1970-1995, so performing these analyses with an independent set of data (e.g. not including 1995-2005) would likely not change the results significantly. The question thus becomes one of what has caused the reduced frequency of El Nino years relative to all other years. The multidecadal signal in the basin is purportedly one that reduces the frequency of El Nino events, though the reasons behind this are not well understood. In fact, the reasons why El Nino events would be suppressed in the first place independent of the multidecadal signal are not well understood at all.
Could it be a global climate change signal? Possibly, but the skeptic in me wants to see more data before jumping on that bandwagon. These preliminary numbers suggest that it is likely not an anthropogenic climate change signal, but the questions noted above remain. I just have a hard time believing that we would suddenly see a large shift in activity -- specifically that of intense hurricanes -- solely based upon human-induced global climate change. The authors of those studies state that when you look at all major hurricanes, not just the cat. 4 & 5 storms, the trend does not exist. Could this be due to improved detection of intense storms across the globe? Perhaps.
The overall point: there's still a lot we don't know. But, the more work we do, the better we can hope to understand what exactly is going on with hurricanes and climate change.
Current Tropical Model Output Plots
(or view them on the main page for any active Atlantic storms!)
Post Extras:
Veteran Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1236
Loc: South Florida
Re: Hurricane trends
- Wed Jun 14 2006 10:38 PM
Quick Reply
You're amazing Clark.
Sending this to myself to read tomorrow.
It felt like 100 at least if not higher today in Miami and I can't process it I don't know how you wrote it.
You are amazing.
Post Extras:
Weather Watcher
Reged: Thu
Posts: 40
Loc: Tarpon Springs FL
Re: Hurricane trends
- Wed Jun 14 2006 10:49 PM
Quick Reply
Wow Clark you put a ton of work into that, thanks for the great info
Post Extras:
Reged: Wed
Posts: 1710
Loc: 45.95N 84.55W
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 01:09 AM
Quick Reply
Let me add another caveat here: while this covers the years from 1970-2005, it does not fully explain what we have seen over the past 10 years. Even within the three
phase composites, the numbers do increase for years over the past ten years. Thus, for a complete analysis, the trend and/or the averages need to be removed from the data before even compositing the seasons. This is to ensure that the statistics are valid between each of the composites and to hopefully ensure that the results have some physical merit.
So, ultimately, what this "study" shows you is perhaps a part of why we've seen so much activity -- though most of it would be expected anyway from what we know about
cycles. How much of that is tied into the uptick in the past ten years remains up for debate, however. Truthfully, were it not for 1995, 2004, and 2005 -- three years out of 10 -- not a whole lot would seem out of place. Just my two cents, though.
Current Tropical Model Output Plots
(or view them on the main page for any active Atlantic storms!)
Post Extras:
Reged: Mon
Posts: 1841
Loc: Graniteville, SC 33.56N 81.82W
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 11:51 AM
Quick Reply
the numbers you've got there are just for the atlantic. they don't take into account the pacific and indian ocean basins. the climatological base period you're using has an inherent upward bias over all time periods prior to it (global satellite coverage has only been around since the 60s/70s period). comparing the windspeeds assigned to hurricanes in the 1970s versus the early 2000s is like comparing apples and oranges, as the flight-level to surface conversion ratios used are different.
clark just demonstrated, to a lesser degree, how you can take this data and squeeze an entirely different result out of it, by being selective or not taking into account glaring systematic inconsistencies in the data. the data quality issue alone eats up any argument that has been made about human influence on hurricane activity. a little familiarity with the existing database of hurricane activity makes you aware that it isn't really accurate enough for long enough to make any meaningful trend assumptions out of... even the AMO cyclical nature is hard to resolve cleanly. right now the HRD folks are slowly working their way up through time to the modern record... so within a few years the existing record used for the research will be tweaked anyway, and likely have storms added or adjusted upward in the early part of the analysis period used. the first time i saw the emmanuel paper and webster i immediately saw the flaws, but knew it would be all over the media (perfect timing, in sync with
) and expected to see it on all the banners of people convinced the environmental apocalypse is at hand. al gore even added predicting hurricane
to his list of lofty achievements. take that, internet.
point to take home is, yes, people have created an upward trend in hurricane activity... on paper.
HF 1750z15june
Post Extras:
Reged: Wed
Posts: 1710
Loc: 45.95N 84.55W
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 12:59 PM
Quick Reply
I entirely agree HF, and this was meant just to highlight some of what you can do with the data. It looks pretty and all, but I've included so many caveats in there that it's not even funny. A full, comprehensive study isn't going to be possible for probably 50 years -- and by then we'll know what whether or not what we are seeing now is as substantial as some would claim.
Current Tropical Model Output Plots
(or view them on the main page for any active Atlantic storms!)
Post Extras:
Kimberley Clark
Weather Watcher
Reged: Wed
Posts: 44
Loc: Mobile, Alabama 30.65N 88.14W
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 01:54 PM
Quick Reply
Yes, Clark, I think you did a beautiful job. And, as my daddy always says there are three things for sure:
1. Time will tell;
2. S--- will smell; and,
3. Water will seek its level.
These three things we know.
Kimberley Clark
Mobile, Alabama
Weather Watcher
Post Extras:
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 02:19 PM
Quick Reply
Like the pop-up map of
. Just stumbled on it by accident, though. Would be helpful if the text could be coloured to indicate that it's there.
BTW, enjoyed the discussion immensely. Keep it up...
Post Extras:
Senior Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1191
Loc: Twin Cities
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 06:05 PM
Quick Reply
I became suspicious when trying to track down the scientific evidence showing the data for the AMO, after reading the 2006
hurricane forecast, which references the "multi-decadal signal" so many times that it caught my attention (more on this in a minute). If it's so obvious, the data must be somewhere, and it's not as if it would be something that would be impossible to measure. When you try to find the actual measurements of the ocean circulation and similar types of references to hard data among the Landsea-Gray-Goldenberg set, you just come up emptyhanded. Not only that, if you look at the sources for all their papers, they just source themselves. Huge, huge red flag.
An example of the non-science is the AOML webpage answering questions about the AMO; it says nothing convincing.
All this didn't make me very happy. I came to the conclusion that
was pushing a political agenda for the Bush administration to prevent any mention of global warming, as part of a plan to convince us it doesn't exist and isn't affecting our planet.
Once something raises my suspicions, you know how I am more or less of an internet bloodhound, and I have been known to spend hours and sometimes days searching through "billions and billions" of web pages to get information on a topic that has piqued my curiosity.
Well guess what folks. There are measurements taken of the ATL thermohaline current, albeit infrequently, and the current has been decreasing, not increasing, for around a decade. In other words, the AMO (or multi-decadal oscillation, or thermohaline circulation, whatever label you give it) can't account for the increase in
s that has been occuring.
This is what I figure.
--All the effects that are increasing the probability of an active season, as stated in the
forecast, are true. That an increase in
s is one of the culprits, seems true as well.
--As to whether or the increase in
s in the North ATL is due to a cyclic redistribution of heat in the oceans -- no hard evidence exists to support this, in spite of
's rather noisy repeated insistence that this be accepted at face value (I am frequently guilty of overanalyzing things, but hardly ever guilty of taking something at face value).
--Even with no hard evidence, the idea of a thermohaline circulation makes sense.
--Recent scientific studies do show a model that correctly predicts the ocean warming due to another cause (below), that has been incorrectly completely attributed to an 'AMO.'
My conclusion, is that a combination of factors are causing the warming, but that with the evidence at hand, a cyclic circulation could not be causing the
of the warming.
Hot off the press, an
on just this topic.
Ok so -- I have a brother in law enforcement. They are constantly being trained in different areas and one of those has to do with the psychology of criminals. One tip-off if someone is lying is if they put additional emphasis on the statement. An example of this was when OJ Simpson was asked if he wanted to plead guilty or not guilty, he said, "absolutely 100 percent not guilty." That was the immediate tipoff that he was guilty, from a psychological perspective. So in the
forecast, they don't just mention the "multi-decadal signal" once or twice, and drop it -- they bring it up again and again. So, what...if I see it enough, it's gospel? And what is really odd is that they never mention global warming. And it did work, initially, because I was doing a lot of reading and didn't have time to go back and check anything. So when I first started looking at this I did assume the AMO existed and the same tired chart of the cycle that
displays at every opportunity was valid. But when I dug into it, I blasted myself for not having more of a scientist's skeptical "show me" mindset.
As far as trending
s, check out this
that I found.
Katrina's Surge:
Post Extras:
Veteran Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1236
Loc: South Florida
so youre comparing Chris Landsea and Associates to OJ?
- Thu Jun 15 2006 06:25 PM
Quick Reply
I understand what you say about criminal behavor and after working for the government myself for a while I know what you mean about a "party line" but... I seriously doubt that they are prohibited from researching and being honest about something because Bush doesn't like Global Warming.
First off, the people who he mostly worked with at HRD are not exactly hard right wing types and they are very dedicated to research. They sort of live and breathe science vs politics.
And, you can ONLY find an article by Mann and Emmanuel? Talk about people with agendas.
I respect your work greatly here online over the years. I just think there is no conspiracy on behalf of the Bush Administration to ignore any ideas on Global Warming. And, trust me.. there is a lot I would believe on that topic.
The people, some of whom I know, who don't believe this is 100% Global Warming and who are waiting to see if there is or isn't permanent Climate Change vs temporary Ice Ages or temporary spikes in Global Temps are scientists not politicians and they have no ulterior motives. They have thier own beliefs.
Science is an art of observation over TIME when it comes to Climate and you can't jump to conclusions based on to what us seems like a lifetime (20 or 30 years) because that's not climate..that's weather.
Otherwise people in the times of the Mini Ice Age that lasted a few hundred years would have been talking doomsday like about the end of the world and a frozen period when everyone would die from temps too cold for mankind to survive.
And, then it changed.
So true what you said though about behavior. .. especially criminal behavior.
So so true.
Just my opinon Margie.
Post Extras:
Reged: Wed
Posts: 1710
Loc: 45.95N 84.55W
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 09:23 PM
Quick Reply
The same is true for those on the other side of the debate, however -- they all only cite the same papers, over and over again. The
link you show has nothing on the Pacific Ocean, which produces the most tropical cyclones globally. No one can explain what is going on there, which leaves a lot of open room for contention.
A reduced heat redistribution (e.g. weakened circulation) in the ocean would tend to pool warmer water in regions where it is already found -- so I don't think all of that is inconsistent with what you found. The reason there is a lot of uncertainty about both the AMO and what the others are saying is because we truly don't know what is going on. Historically, even with the faults in the dataset, there has been evidence on a long-term multi-decadal signal. If it's the AMO, if it's tied to the thermohaline circulation, great -- we don't know enough to really state that it is that. We also don't know enough to state that it is something else, either.
There's a recent article by two researchers at Purdue that shows a 34-40% variance explained in the trend in cyclone intensity as correlated with tropical
s. While they attempt to make use of the most objective data set available, the European Centre reanalysis, and acknowledge that this only holds for 1978-onward, there are two logic flaws. One, they show a substantial peak globally around 1985 instead of 1995 -- why is this the case? It's not addressed in their work or in Emanuel's previous work either. Two, the dataset only has a 1.125 degree horizontal resolution. Small storms are going to get lost or represented very poorly, even with improved data assimilation and additional satellite data, just because there are only a few grid points over them. Case in point -- Hurricane
in 1992: at its peak intensity over the Bahamas, the reanalysis data set used had
a little further south than it was in reality and with an intensity only of 1013mb/20kt. The metric they used relied on the wind speed cubed; given that smaller storms also tend to be a bit more intense at their peaks, there is a huge underestimate of these storms' intensity and integrated power using their method.
While I am willing to accept that more storms may equal more smaller storms from sheer numbers along, I don't believe there is a substantial trend in storm size in the dataset; it is more likely to be random noise than anything else, particularly when you consider that the global number of tropical cyclones is fairly constant from year to year (only minor variation noted). This is just one example; there are others. Even assuming their findings and general trend are correct, at best it accounts for 35-40% of the variance; something else is accounting for the other 60-65%.
I don't think anyone disagrees that climate change is occurring and that
s, on the whole, are warming. Where the disagreement comes is the acceleration of that by man -- anthropogenic climate change -- and I don't think there is any attempt to gang together and say that it is all due to multi-decadal signals. For one, more money is being funneled into climate science these days -- and inherently into the climate change issue. If politics were playing a role, so would money, and it is working in the opposite manner to what you suggest. Just my two cents.
Current Tropical Model Output Plots
(or view them on the main page for any active Atlantic storms!)
Post Extras:
Senior Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1191
Loc: Twin Cities
Re: Hurricane trends
- Thu Jun 15 2006 10:30 PM
Quick Reply
Well as far as "If politics were playing a role, so would money, and it is working in the opposite manner to what you suggest. " I'd have to speculate whether keeping your job and to being able to retire would fall under the category of a money incentive. If Hansen hadn't had the clout that he does, he might have been history from NASA.
I'd also have to disagree with this: "I don't think there is any attempt to gang together and say that it is all due to multi-decadal signals."
What about the
that had to be retracted later (see the editor's note at the bottom), discussed in this
. Remember, the one that claimed that there was a concensus among
scientists that there was no connection between global warming and hurricanes:
There is consensus among
hurricane researchers and forecasters that recent increases in hurricane activity are primarily the result of natural fluctuations in the tropical climate system known as the tropical multi-decadal signal.
Oh, look, there's that same phrase, the multi-decadal signal. Why does
's 2006 hurricane forecast spend almost as much time trying to sell this concept as it does on the forecast? It's an excellent forecast on its own, and stands alone without the AMO hard sell. It's an unprofessional thing to do. The hurricane forecast should simply be a forecast, and doesn't need to advertise an unproven point of view that happens to coincide with the leanings of the political party currently in office.
It's not very objective and it's not good science.
As far as the "other side" -- look who the coauthor of the June 13 paper is -- Mann. That would be this same M. E. Mann: "we believe more firmly than before that this is real," says Mann of the AMO. And if you look at the references to their papers, which are peer-reviewed, they do reference work from both sides.
It's sad that the skimpy resources available at
are being scrambled to put together a series of quick-and-dirty refutations of the growing body of work done by respected climate scientists, and projects like the hurricane reanalysis, instead of being utilized for hurricane research that will improve forecasting.
Post Extras:
Veteran Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1236
Loc: South Florida
Re: Hurricane trends
- Fri Jun 16 2006 12:01 AM
Quick Reply
Agreed. It is a shame
doesn't have the money it needs to do the important research that is neccesary to better predict and even in some way modify hurricanes.
I don't think Gray's report spent that much time on the debate. It was a small amount and I give them cerdit for mentioning it.
When there is an explosion globally in all basins in the same year of hurricanes I will look into global answers; not just the Atlantic.
And, lastly the information from the hurricane reanalysis is essential as if you use bad data in equations you end up with garbage in and garbage out. You only learn from the past if you have the right history to learn from....
Thanks. Good debate. I learned a lot tonight.
Post Extras:
Senior Storm Chaser
Reged: Fri
Posts: 1191
Loc: Twin Cities
Re: Hurricane trends
- Sat Jun 24 2006 12:00 PM
Quick Reply
What was even more interesting to me than the NAS study result announced on June 23rd was the result of NCAR's
Trenberth and Shea
, which was overshadowed (and rightly so) by the NAS report. An excerpt from the NCAR press release is below (emphasis mine):
"By analyzing
data on sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) since the early 20th century, Trenberth and Shea were able to calculate the causes of the increased temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic. Their calculations show that
global warming explained about 0.8 degrees F of this rise. Aftereffects from the 2004-05 El Nino accounted for about 0.4 degrees F. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), a 60-to-80-year natural cycle in
s, explained less than 0.2 degrees F of the rise, according to Trenberth. The remainder is due to year-to-year variability in temperatures.
Previous studies have attributed the warming and cooling patterns of North Atlantic ocean temperatures in the 20th century�and associated hurricane activity�to the AMO. But Trenberth, suspecting that global warming was also playing a role, looked beyond the Atlantic to temperature patterns throughout Earth's tropical and midlatitude waters.
He subtracted the global trend from the irregular Atlantic temperatures
�in effect, separating global warming from the Atlantic natural cycle. The results show that the AMO is actually much weaker now than it was in the 1950s, when Atlantic hurricanes were also quite active. However, the AMO did contribute to the lull in hurricane activity from about 1970 to 1990 in the Atlantic."
This assessment of the AMO tallies with the most recent measurements of the thermohaline circulation, evaluated in the Bryden paper.
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text:
Matthew J. "Matt" O'Bryan
"I commit myself every day to my father Pat O'Bryan's memory, progressively taking KLA Laboratories to heights he could never have imagined while proudly serving our clients with the honesty, integrity and passion he instilled in our family."
The 88-year-old heart of KLA Laboratories continues to beat strong at every client job site, with every technological advancement, and inside every dedicated employee as Matt O'Bryan, youngest son of Norma and the late Pat O'Bryan, fervently forges innovative new paths with his entire team at the global communications technology company.
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"Our clients become believers."
From presidents, pop stars and the pope, to music
festivals with 100,000 fans and keynote addresses with 100
guests, Neil Sever's passion is achieving audio perfection
that presents clients at their best. As events production
manager and front of house (FOH) engineer at KLA
Laboratories since 2005, Neil and KLA's experienced
production staff work tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure
that the intricate audio/visual systems they rent, design
and implement for events run smoothly. Equally valuable to
clients is the preparation, grace under pressure and immense
skill exhibited by Neil and his team when inevitable
glitches do occur, which are assessed and corrected
Nick Vettraino
"I strive to exceed KLA's high standards of excellence every day."
Nick Vettraino possesses a passion for sports, so his first job out of college as a statistics consultant for ESPN in Connecticut on the network's Stats and Analysis Team was a great fit. But he missed his family in Michigan, and moved back in 2010 to utilize the skills he honed at ESPN in his new role at KLA Laboratories. Nick was quickly promoted to Operations Manager in 2011, taking over responsibility for day-to-day operations.
In 2016, Nick was promoted to Director of Operations where he leads a team of 45 installer technicians and oversees purchasing, safety, and logistics. This includes coordinating both labor and material needs for job sites globally as well as training and scheduling for KLA's installation team. It was his responsibility to coordinate the opening of KLA's Technical Engineering Center in Dearborn, Michigan in 2015, which provides additional space for the company's network and wireless in-building services.Nick served as the defensive line coach for the Brother Rice High School varsity football team, helping them win three state championships. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of Michigan in 2007, and recently enrolled in the Wayne State University Masters of Business Administration program. Nick and his wife, Erin, reside in Farmington Hills, Michigan.
Sean Galbraith
"If one succeeds, we all succeed."
For over 26 years, Sean Galbraith has honed a highly sophisticated, extremely tactical skill set in the complex accounting and commercial debt restructuring arenas. In 2007, the former CFO of Aztec Manufacturing and Eclipse Capital Group collaborated closely with Matt O'Bryan, then president and COO of KLA Laboratories, in an independent contractor role during very difficult economic conditions and in 2010, was named KLA's CFO.
Walter Szpulak
"Customer satisfaction is what it's all about."
One phone call from Tony Verdun, KLA Laboratories'
director of DAS solutions, was all it took for Walter
Szpulak to join the company as a project manager in 2015
after a successful 28-year career as an estimator,
technician and project manager with Clover Electric Inc. in
Ohio and Motor City Electric Co. in Detroit.


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community news
Repurpose your Rethink sign to Frack Free Future
Do you have a Rethink PFL corflute sign at home? The Fremantle Frack Free Future Local Action Group is repainting them to promote the state wide ban on fracking.Drop me a line if you'd like yours swapped over.
Diesel pollution is deadly
Diesel particulate pollution is deadly. It's not the black smoke you can see that is so bad, but the particles so small you can't see that can go deep into our lungs and then pass through cell walls.
I moved the resolution below at the January Fremantle Council meeting and it was endorsed at the subsequent WA Local Government Zone meeting to which I am a delegate:
WALGA advocate to State Government that the impacts on human health of vehicle diesel particulate emissions are fully integrated into transport and urban planning with a view to reducing the harm caused by them.
Specifically, WALGA will:
a) seek to ensure that diesel particulate emissions and their cost to human health and the consequent need to reduce them are integrated into all relevant State Government policies as these are updated and reviewed.
b) advocate for an integrated approach by all levels of government to the reduction in absolute terms of vehicular diesel particulate pollution; and
c) support the integration of the health costs of diesel particulate pollution into benefit - cost ratio analyses used to evaluate transport infrastructure and other significant projects.
1. Diesel particulate pollution is a known cause of cancer and heart disease.
Refugee Welcome Fiesta and Walk: Sun 14 June
Sunday 14 June
11am-3pm, Fremantle Esplanade
11am Community Drumming Circle
12noon Welcome to Country and speeches
12:30 Walk through Fremantle
1:00 Return to Esplanade for non-stop live music and dancing
Attend on Facebook: www.facebook.com/events/446530722180991
Public forum: Stop Perth Freight Link
Lessons from Melbourne's campaign against the East-West Link
A public forum with:
Sue Bolton (Moreland City Councillor and founder of Moreland Community Against the Tunnel)
Scott Ludlam (Greens Senator)
Ken Travers (Shadow minister for transport)
Peter Newman (Director of CUSP)
Sam Wainwright (Fremantle Road to Rail)
Pam Nairn (Save Beeliar Wetlands)
2pm Saturday 11 April
Fremantle Council Reception Room
(enter via stairs and patio at rear of Town Hall)
Organised by Fremantle Road to Rail Campaign
Politics in the Club: How can we stop Abbott's killer budget
Politics in the Club - all welcome
Abbott's killer budget
How can we stop it?
Richard Hamilton (President elect, Notre Dame NTEU)
Angela Hartwig (long time women's rights activist )
Alex Bainbridge (Convenor, Socialist Alliance)
6:30pm, Wed 18 June
Fremantle Workers Club, 9 Henry St
Sponsored by: Green Left Weekly
For more info: firstname.lastname@example.com or 0415 922 740
Attend on FaceBook:
Fremantle welcomes refugees
The annual Fremantle Refugee Welcome Fiesta will be on this Sunday to mark World Refugee Week. The following weekend, there will be a Roadtrip for Refugees to the Yongah Hill Detention Centre.
Fremantle Welcome Fiesta: Sun 15 June
The Welcome Fiesta will run from 11:30am to 3pm on Sunday 15 June at the Fremantle Esplanade.
It is organised under the banner of "No crime to seek asylum" and will include: speakers and a walk; arts and crafts; fair trade stalls; children's activities; and global food.
The event is sponsored by the City of Fremantle, Fremantle Refugee Rights Action Network, the Anglican Church, Socialist Alliance, Uniting Church, Friends of Palestine, Oxfam, The Greens, Labor for Refugees, the Catholic Justice Ecology and Development Office and CARAD.
Roadtrip for Refugees: Sat 21 June
Politics in the Club: Stop the Freeway Madness - Wed 21 May
Stopping the Abbott-Barnett Freeway Madness
From High St to Roe 8, what is the alternative?
This forum is the latest Politics in the Club forum. All welcome.
Kathy Anketell (lessons of the Fremantle Eastern Bypass campaign)
Barry Healy (Fremantle Road to Rail)
Nandi Chinna (Save Beeliar Wetlands)
Sam Wainwright (Councillor, City of Fremantle)
Wed 21 May 6:30pm
Fremantle Workers Club, 9 Henry St
Sponsored by: Green Left Weekly
Fremantle takes the fight to the freeway
By Chris Jenkins
A decision by the Fremantle City Council at its March 26 meeting to reject a Main Roads WA request to voluntarily hand over land began a dramatic new phase in the campaign against the state government's freeway building agenda.
The state government wants to replace a section of High Street on the eastern approach to Fremantle with a freeway at a cost of more than $100 million. This is intended to be the first link in their plan to build a six lane "freeway standard" route connecting the Kwinana Freeway to the Fremantle container port.
There is general consensus in the community and on the council that the existing road needs to be modified to make it safer and to create a more efficient intersection with the Stirling Highway. However the scale and destructiveness of the government's proposal has galvanised fierce opposition.
Main Roads proposes to flank the length of the road with concrete "sound walls". These are not high enough to significantly reduce noise pollution, but will completely separate adjoining suburbs and dramatically reduce pedestrian and bicycle connectivity. Up to half a dozen commonly used crossing points would be replaced with one pedestrian overpass.
At the council meeting, Socialist Alliance councillor Sam Wainwright described it as "cutting a swathe through the community like the Berlin Wall." Fellow councillor Andrew Sullivan described the design as "crap", adding, "I could have designed something better in half a day."
Support the Twilight Fair - Sat 29th
Hilton Harvest Community Garden's Twilight Fair
Sat 29 March 4–9:30pm
Free entertainment | Local stalls | Activities for kids
Plastic free event: Bring along your own plate, fork and mug
Bring a candle and stay for Earth Hour (from 8:30pm)
Where? Rennie Crescent South (Next to Hilton Pre-Primary)
Buswell launches attack on socialist councillor in state parliament
[This is republished from Socialist Alliance WA site.]
State treasurer Troy Buswell launched an attack on Socialist Alliance member and Fremantle City Councillor Sam Wainwright in state parliament on December 5.
True, the try-hard treasurer was probably too busy keeping track of which election promise he was planning to break next to get Sam's name right. (He confused Wainwright with prominent actor Sam Worthington - admittedly an easy mistake to make.)
He also described Wainwright as being a member of the "socialist loony party" which isn't a strictly accurate rendition of the party's name.


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If you have ever struggled with counting calories, weight management, or maintaining a healthy diet, it's best that you separate the myths from the facts to make the most of your efforts.
Myth: There is no way to lower a high Body Mass Index (BMI) and it doesn't matter anyway.
Fact: Your BMI is based on your body height and weight, with a healthy BMI being between 18.5-24.9. Having a healthy BMI is absolutely important. If your BMI is higher than it should be, your risk of certain health issues is increased.
You can lower your BMI by increasing your physical activity and lowering your caloric intake.
Myth: Calorie intake doesn't matter if you work out a lot.
Fact: While working out is certainly a benefit to your body and overall health, calorie intake is just as important. If you ingest more calories than your body burns, this eventually starts to turn into weight gain. Also, if you are ingesting empty calories instead of nutritious calories, this will negatively affect your overall health.
Myth: Someone who is at their ideal weight shouldn't worry about counting calories or exercising.
Fact: As you age, your body naturally starts to metabolize differently. If you continue to eat at the same rate, while expending any energy on exercise, you will start to gain weight. Also, exercise provides endless benefits that you want to take advantage of, even if you don't need to lose weight. Calorie awareness and some form of exercise are always vital!
Myth: If a food is low in calories, it must be nutritious.
Fact: Just because a food has a low calorie count does not mean it is healthy or nutritious. There are many foods that are low calorie, but have little to no nutritional value, and therefore do not contribute to your overall well-being. Every calorie you intake should benefit your body.
Myth: Drinking green tea will raise metabolism, so exercise won't be necessary.
Fact: Some form of exercise is best for your body. Exercise has many more benefits than simply raising metabolism. Exercise creates muscle and lowers fat. Exercise increases energy levels in a good way and promotes healthy sleep at night.
Drinking green tea certainly has benefits of its own, but should not be used in place of exercise.
Myth: Counting calories doesn't work.
Fact: Calorie tracking has been shown to be an effective weight loss tool. It is important to become aware of what you are consuming each day, compared to what you are burning. This awareness is vital in any long term weight management program.
Learn the difference between the above myths and facts, and get started on a healthy path today!


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ITS Service desk
The ITS Service desk team members provide users with a primary point of contact for enquiries regarding ITS staff and services. They are able to answer most user queries and provide first-line technical support or direct users to appropriate specialist ITS staff. Their responsibilities include registering users, configuring your device to connect to the wireless network, give technical advice for supported applications and maintaining centralised records for equipment, ITS finances and software licenses. The team members also provide general administrative support to all ITS staff.
Contacting Service desk
Tel: 020 7631 6543
Email: email@example.com
In person: Ground floor, in the Student Centre, Malet Street Main Building.
Open for face-to-face support
- Monday, Tuesday and Thursday: 10:30 to 18:30
- Wednesday: 11:00 - 18:30
- Friday:10:30 to 17:00
Out-of-term opening hours
- Monday,Tuesday and Thursday: 10:30 to 18:00
- Wednesday: 11:00 - 18:30
- Friday: 10:30 to 17:00
Open for support via telephone and email
Monday to Friday
9:00am to 7:00pm during term time
9:00am to 6:00pm during vacations


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In the '80s and '90s, the on-trend home was often heavily themed, like Southwestern or country, and furniture that matched was the look of choice. Since that time, popular style has evolved to embrace an eclectic look, but many do-it-yourself home designers find this style tricky to pull off. How can you look collected and eclectic without looking cluttered and chaotic? And what exactly are you supposed to do with pieces you've inherited? How do you integrate these heirlooms into your current decor? Keep reading for some easy ways to combine old with new to get the chic look you're after.
Consider Your Architecture
When the perfectly matched decor trends of the '80s and '90s fell out of favor, "Homeowners began to seek out ways to set their home apart," says Cecily Reynolds, marketing and customer service director for Bremo Auctions in Charlottesville, which helps buyers find unique vintage furniture and accessories. A first step in adding such character to your decor is to consider the age and bones of your home—if it has some years behind it, include some furniture pieces or accessories from the time that it was built. An example might be a touch of mid-century modern for a 1960s rancher, or some 1930s-era antiques in a foursquare for an organic tie-in.
Layer in some pieces that create contrast; modern rugs, like bold stripes or geometric patterns, can work well with traditional furniture. Modern art coupled with more traditional furnishings is also surprising and fresh, says Reynolds.
In a newer build, consider bringing in older elements to create warmth and character, like reclaimed wood planking on a wall or ceiling, or a vintage light fixture, fireplace hearth or banister. A design scheme can be built around these initial contrasts of old and new.
Know What You Need When You Treasure Hunt
If you like to go on the hunt for pieces with potential, a tape measure is a must—in a big open space like a showroom, a piece can appear smaller than it will in your living room. Have an idea of what you are looking for, like chairs to flank your buffet, or an interesting piece for a bookshelf, so you don't wind up with rooms that are overstuffed—a surefire way to look cluttered.
Don't be afraid to paint something (chalk paint and milk paint are easy to use for novice painters) if you think a fresh coat will transform it. Keep in mind that painting diminishes the value of the piece drastically, so don't reach for a paint brush before you know if the furniture is worth anything. If you inherit a piece, have an antiques dealer take a look first, says Reynolds.
If you find an upholstered piece with great lines but shoddy springs and worn, dated fabric, it can probably be fixed. Before you purchase, be sure the wood has not dry rotted and is in good, stable condition. "If you like the bones, it is definitely worth it to reupholster," says Reynolds. "You have unlimited options for customizing when you choose your own fabrics, and a more contemporary pattern on a traditional piece is a nice contrast."
Stick to Tried and True; Edit Accessories
If you have a mix of styles and eras in a room, a way to make it look intentional is to stick with a color scheme that always works, like soft neutrals or black and white. A vintage, tufted curvy-lined sofa or chair looks breezy and current redone in a light linen fabric, allowing the lines of the piece to stand out. Neutrals are never boring when you mix textures and have great contrasts in the room (such as curvy pieces with straight-lined modern ones, a vintage vase on a lacquered tray).
Collected doesn't have to mean cluttered, and items you love shine better if they aren't competing with too many elements in the room. If you want to highlight your vintage typewriter or a unique piece of pottery you inherited from family, give it a place of honor on a buffet or bookshelf.
A second look from an honest and style-savvy friend can be a second eye in a room, and can help you edit down to banish clutter. "It was Coco Chanel who said right before you walk out the door, remove one accessory," laughs Reynolds. "Fashion is great for inspiring home decor, and the same principle applies in a room. Less is more."
When You Can't Bear To Paint a Piece
When you've inherited furniture from family and painting it is out of the question, you can make it look more current without altering it. That secretary desk your grandmother left to you? Think about how you could use it, advises Reynolds. Maybe the desk comes out of the living room to the top of the upstairs hallway to hold guest towels and toiletries. Remove an attached mirror and a dresser becomes a buffet; a collection of fine china plates that will go unused in a cabinet can be hung on a wall to enjoy every day. Reynolds, in a practice-what-you-preach example, turned an antique baby crib sideways and hung it on the wall as a display shelf.
When you have dark-stained vintage furniture, Reynolds suggests lightening up what's around it to avoid a heavy, dated look. Light colored walls won't compete (try Benjamin Moore's Ivory White for a warm, creamy white), and a natural fiber rug like sisal makes a great, neutral backdrop. Break up groups—your inherited dark-wood table will look instantly fresh contrasted with contemporary chairs. In a bedroom, consider moving the nightstands or the dresser to another room to avoid an excessively match-y look.
And remember that a collected home is one that evolves to reflect your priorities, interests and experiences. "Just play and have fun with decorating," says Reynolds. "Have confidence in what you like, try new things, and if you try and it doesn't work, just do something different."


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The creations of LILY ART are characterized by vivid colors and fascinating combinations of glass and metal, as can be seen here.
Lily Shohat is a well known and appreciated artist in Israel and around the world. Her trademark name is LILY ART. LILY ART products are being presented throughout major galleries around the globe and are handed as valuable presents in Israeli official events. Her entire Judaica and art products are created in Israel.
Red and Silver matchbook featuring a Dove is made of fused glass and metal. A nice addition when lighting the Shabbat and Yom Tov candles.


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Combine two incredible adventures – a highlights tour of India plus a cruise on the mighty Ganges River – in one extraordinary experience. Our unique 16-day itinerary takes in the lively rush of Delhi, the tranquility of the Taj Mahal, the character of rural villages, and the pure serenity of sailing the river from temple to palace. From land to sea, immerse yourself in India and all its glory.
Arrive at any time. Arrival transfer included through Women on Wheels, a G Adventures-supported project.
There are no planned activities until an evening welcome meeting, so check into to the hotel (check-in time is 12 noon) and enjoy the city.
Enjoy a youth-led walk through Delhi as part of the G Adventures-supported City Walk project. Later, explore Old Delhi with your CEO before an afternoon drive to Agra.
Spend the day visiting the highlights of the walled city of Agra including the famed Taj Mahal, Baby Taj, and Agra Fort.
Drive to Jaipur, visiting the deserted Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri and the village of Abhaneri, which has one of India's deepest and largest stepwells (tank gardens).
Explore the "Pink City," known also as Jaipur, including the Amber Fort, City Palace, and the Hawa Mahal (Palace of the Winds). Listen to a local historian/scholar discuss the spirituality, social fabric, customs, and traditions of India.
Consider treating yourself to a night at the cinema. Going to see a Bollywood film in India is much more than what we are accustomed to in the west. The atmosphere, energy, and pure fun (not to mention volume!) has to be experienced to be believed.
Drive to the rural village of Sawarda where we stay in a heritage home. Exploring this traditional village is like stepping back in time. Walk and meet with elders, teachers, and elected representatives of the village governing council, called the Panchayat. Topics of discussion include: how urbanization affects village life, information technology, and modernization and its benefits and disadvantages, as well as simple village customs and traditions.
The village is about 60km (37 mi) from Jaipur and has beautiful temples dedicated to different religions, including a unique sikh temple. The residents of the village are still involved in traditional commercial activities. You'll see pottery wheels, silversmiths, cobblers, traditional huts, old temples, and small stepwells.
Drive back to bustling Delhi. Opt to join your CEO for a group dinner.
Fly to Kolkata and transfer to your hotel.
Transfer to the boat and once on board, explore the riverboat and settle in. As the trip gets underway, sail up past the old Danish colony of Serampore, and head out to explore Barrackpore.
Transfer from your hotel in the late morning and embark around midday.
Sail to Chandannagar, a former French possession, to explore. Continue to Chinsurah, to visit the historic Dutch cemetery and the Imambara before reboarding the vessel. Moor near Kalna for the night.
Land at the country town of Kalna and take cycle rickshaws to see the terracotta temples, as well as the unique Shiva temple. Later, explore Mayapur, with its skyline dominated by the vast ISKCON temple. Sail on through the night to a mooring near Matiari.
Start the day with a visit to the brassworking village of Matiari to witness their ancient techniques. Continue on the river to a rural mooring near the battlefield of Plassey and opt to walk to the commemorative obelisk.
Moor near Murshidabad for the night.
Explore the Khushbagh this morning, a peaceful Moghul-style garden housing several tombs. Continue a little way upstream to Murshidabad to visit Hazarduari Palace and Katra Mosque before driving to two 18th-century buildings — the Nashipara Palace and the Katgola Palace.
Moor on the riverbank across from town for the night.
Explore the rural village of Baranagar and walk through farmers' fields to visit three miniature terracotta temples. Continue up the river and take in the scenery as you cruise to a mooring near the Farakka Barrage.
Enjoy the idyllic views today as the boat carries on up along canals, passing mustard fields and mango orchards, to the mooring for the night.
Enjoy a full day excursion by road to Gaur, near the town of Malda (English Bazaar). Visit a number of sights from the 12th-century Hindus and 14th-century Muslims, including mosques and palaces. Rejoin the boat in the evening.
Transfer to Farakka station at dawn to catch the morning train and journey back to Kolkata. Tour ends on arrival in Kolkata.
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Jon Stewart Blasts Rachel Dolezal On 'The Daily Show' — Watch Harsh Video
Tell us how you really feel, Jon Stewart! The 'Daily Show' host is more than just a little frustrated by the Rachel Dolezal situation, and he's letting his audience know with a new segment called 'Whaaaaaaat!?' Click inside to WATCH!
Rachel Dolezal, 37, made headlines when it was revealed that the president of the Spokane, Washington NAACP chapter is not African-American, but actually a white woman. And in the hoopla that has followed Rachel's downfall, there's that one (incredulous) voice of reason who just sums it up the best — Jon Stewart. The host of The Daily Show introduced a new (pretty harsh) segment on his June 15 episode dedicated to Rachel that made it clear he's not letting this one go!
Called "Whaaaaaaat!?", the segment peruses Jon's fascination and general confusion with Rachel's story — mainly why Rachel tried to pass herself off as African-American for 10 years (everyone actually wants to know that one), and why it's just coming out know that she's not exactly who she claimed to be for so long.
Of course, it couldn't be a Daily Show story without a few jokes thrown in at Rachel's expense. Rachel's "cover" was blown after her parents came forward and said that their daughter had been lying about their identity. Their heritage is Czech, Swedish and German, with traces of Native American. Watch below:
"Czech, Swedish and German is really f–king white," Jon jokes in the above video. "Even Powder [from the movie Powder] is like, 'That's one white lady.'" Way harsh, Jon!
He went on to muse, in the segment subtitled "Black-Ish-Ish," if maybe Rachel has just been lying for so long that she doesn't really know that she's lying anymore. But Jon didn't only have a problem with Rachel; he has a serious issue with how the media has been handling this story — especially Fox News.
He showed a series of clips in which the network's anchors blame Rachel's situation on a larger problem with liberalism in America — and one anchor posited that racism isn't such a big deal if a white woman is trying to be African-American. Obviously, that did not sit well with Jon.
"Well, one lady in Washington's second largest city pretends to be black and liberal culture has reached its nadir," Jon said, his exasperation at its peak. "Racism is over. Rome has fallen. It's the best of times, it's the worst of times. All because a German lady got a weave."
Wow Jon, maybe you should take a breather and not turn on the news for awhile! This story isn't going anywhere anytime soon. HollywoodLifers, do you think this Daily Show segment was super funny, or too harsh? Let us know in the comments and be sure to take our poll!
— Samantha Wilson


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As adjective, blacker, blackest
lacking hue and brightness; absorbing light without reflecting any of the rays composing it
characterized by absence of light; enveloped in darkness:a black night
(sometimes initial capital letter) pertaining or belonging to any of the various populations characterized by dark skin pigmentation, specifically the dark-skinned peoples of Africa, Oceania, and Australia
African American
soiled or stained with dirt:That shirt was black within an hour
gloomy; pessimistic; dismal:a black outlook
deliberately; harmful; inexcusable:a black lie
boding ill; sullen or hostile; threatening:black words; black looks
(of coffee or tea) without milk or cream
without any moral quality or goodness; evil; wicked:His black heart has concocted yet another black deed
indicating censure, disgrace, or liability to punishment:a black mark on one's record
marked by disaster or misfortune:black areas of drought; Black Friday
wearing black or dark clothing or armor:the black prince
based on the grotesque, morbid, or unpleasant aspects of life:black comedy; black humor
(of a check mark, flag, etc
) done or written in black to indicate, as on a list, that which is undesirable, substandard, potentially dangerous, etc
:Pilots put a black flag next to the ten most dangerous airports
illegal or underground:The black economy pays no taxes
showing a profit; not showing any losses:the first black quarter in two years
deliberately false or intentionally misleading:black propaganda
boycotted, as certain goods or products by a trade union
(of steel) in the form in which it comes from the rolling mill or forge; unfinished
As noun
the color at one extreme end of the scale of grays, opposite to white, absorbing all light incident upon it
Compare white (def )
(sometimes initial capital letter) a member of any of various dark-skinned peoples, especially those of Africa, Oceania, and Australia
Often Offensive
African American
black clothing, especially as a sign of mourning:He wore black at the funeral
Chess, Checkers
the dark-colored men or pieces or squares
black pigment:lamp black
black beauty
a horse or other animal that is entirely black
As verb (used with object)
to make black; put black on; blacken
to boycott or ban
to polish (shoes, boots, etc
) with blacking
As verb (used without object)
to become black; take on a black color; blacken
As adverb
(of coffee or tea) served without milk or cream
As Verb phrases
black out, to lose consciousness: He blacked out at the sight of blood
to erase, obliterate, or suppress: News reports were blacked out
to forget everything relating to a particular event, person, etc
: When it came to his war experiences he blacked out completely
to extinguish all of the stage lights
to make or become inoperable: to black out the radio broadcasts from the U
to obscure by concealing all light in defense against air raids
Radio and Television
to impose a broadcast blackout on (an area)
to withdraw or cancel (a special fare, sale, discount, etc
) for a designated period: The special air fare discount will be blacked out by the airlines over the holiday weekend
As Idioms
black and white, print or writing: I want that agreement in black and white
a monochromatic picture done with black and white only
a chocolate soda containing vanilla ice cream
a highly recognizable police car, used to patrol a community
black or white, completely either one way or another, without any intermediate state
in the black, operating at a profit or being out of debt (opposed to in the red):New production methods put the company in the black
As conjunction
(used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses) along or together with; as well as; in addition to; besides; also; moreover:pens and pencils
added to; plus: and are
then:He read for an hour and went to bed
also, at the same time:to sleep and dream
then again; repeatedly:He coughed and coughed
(used to imply different qualities in things having the same name):There are bargains and bargains, so watch out
(used to introduce a sentence, implying continuation) also; then:And then it happened
to (used between two finite verbs):Try and do it
Call and see if she's home yet
(used to introduce a consequence or conditional result):He felt sick and decided to lie down for a while
Say one more word about it and I'll scream
but; on the contrary:He tried to run five miles and couldn't
They said they were about to leave and then stayed for two more hours
(used to connect alternatives):He felt that he was being forced to choose between his career and his family
(used to introduce a comment on the preceding clause):They don't like each other—and with good reason
if:and you please
Compare an
As noun
an added condition, stipulation, detail, or particular:He accepted the job, no ands or buts about it
conjunction (def b)
As Idioms
and so forth, and the like; and others; et cetera:We discussed traveling, sightseeing, and so forth
and so on, and more things or others of a similar kind; and the like:It was a summer filled with parties, picnics, and so on
As adjective, whiter, whitest
of the color of pure snow, of the margins of this page, etc
; reflecting nearly all the rays of sunlight or a similar light
light or comparatively light in color
(of human beings) belonging to a group marked by slight pigmentation of the skin, often of European descent
for, limited to, or predominantly made up of white people:a white neighborhood
pallid or pale, as from fear or other strong emotion:white with rage
silvery, gray, or hoary:white hair
snowy:a white Christmas
lacking color; transparent
(politically) ultraconservative
blank, as an unoccupied space in printed matter:Fill in the white space below
composed entirely of polished steel plates without fabric or other covering; alwite
wearing white clothing:a white monk
Older Use: Offensive
decent, honorable, or dependable:That's mighty white of you
auspicious or fortunate
morally pure; innocent
without malice; harmless:white magic
(of wines) light-colored or yellowish, as opposed to red
(of coffee) containing milk
As noun
a color without hue at one extreme end of the scale of grays, opposite to black
A white surface reflects light of all hues completely and diffusely
Most so-called whites are very light grays: fresh snow, for example, reflects about percent of the incident light, but to be strictly white, snow would have to reflect percent of the incident light
It is the ultimate limit of a series of shades of any color
Compare black (def )
a hue completely desaturated by admixture with white, the highest value possible
quality or state of being white
lightness of skin pigment
a person with light-colored skin, often of European descent
a white material or substance
the white part of something
a pellucid viscous fluid that surrounds the yolk of an egg; albumen
the white part of the eyeball:He has a speck in the white of his eye
white or nearly white clothing, as in tennis whitestop-grade white flour
white wine:Graves is a good white
a type or breed that is white in color
Usually, whites
a blank space in printing
(initial capital letter) a hog of any of several breeds having a white coat, as a Chester White
any of several white-winged butterflies of the family Pieridae, as the common cabbage butterflies
white fabric
the outermost ring of the butt
an arrow that hits this portion of the butt
the central part of the butt or target, formerly painted white but now painted gold or yellow
a target painted white
Chess, Checkers
the men or pieces that are light-colored
(often initial capital letter) a member of a royalist, conservative, or reactionary political party
As verb (used with object), whited, whiting
to make white by leaving blank spaces (often followed by out)
to whiten (areas of artwork) in retouching preparatory to photoengraving (often followed by out)
to make white; whiten
As Verb phrases
white out, to cover (errors in copy) with a white correction fluid
to censor, as by obliterating words or passages with white ink
As Idioms
bleed white, Informal
to be or cause to be deprived of all one's resources:Dishonesty is bleeding the union white
in the white, in an unfinished state or condition, as furniture wood that has not been stained or varnished
As noun
the hide of a cow
the leather made from it
a strong, flexible whip made of rawhide or of braided leather
cowhides, Informal
a pair of boots or shoes, especially those made of cowhide
As verb (used with object), cowhided, cowhiding
to whip with a cowhide
As noun
a seat, especially for one person, usually having four legs for support and a rest for the back and often having rests for the arms
something that serves as a chair or supports like a chair:The two men clasped hands to make a chair for their injured companion
a seat of office or authority
a position of authority, as of a judge, professor, etc
the person occupying a seat of office, especially the chairperson of a meeting:The speaker addressed the chair
(in an orchestra) the position of a player, assigned by rank; desk:first clarinet chair
the chair, Informal
electric chair
sedan chair
(in reinforced-concrete construction) a device for maintaining the position of reinforcing rods or strands during the pouring operation
a glassmaker's bench having extended arms on which a blowpipe is rolled in shaping glass
British Railroads
a metal block for supporting a rail and securing it to a crosstie or the like
As verb (used with object)
to place or seat in a chair
to install in office
to preside over; act as chairperson of:to chair a committee
to carry (a hero or victor) aloft in triumph
As verb (used without object)
to preside over a meeting, committee, etc
As Idioms
get the chair, to be sentenced to die in the electric chair
take the chair, to begin or open a meeting
to preside at a meeting; act as chairperson
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text:
Mystique is a sexy brunette mistress weighing close to 250 pounds and she is having her first ever squashing session with a slave. She is excited to trample and squash her first ever slave but she is not shy and she does not hold anything back! She has him lay on the floor and she sits down on his face and throat and puts her full weight on top of him and smothers him completely.
Wow what a time I had to day with my Mistress Cathy! I just love big women like Lady Cathy and her big feet are the bomb. She starts teasing me telling me that I have to clean her royal soles of her shoes. She makes me lick every inch of her soles making me clean all the the dirt off and if I do this the way she wants then I get to lick the bottoms of her bare feet. What a treat!
BBW Lady Cathy is a sexy blonde mistress who loves to torture and humiliate her loser slaves. Today she makes her slave lay on his back on the floor and she sits down on his stomach with her full weight crushing his chest. She then lifts up her feet and puts them in her slaves face and kicks him with her bare feet. She shows him no mercy as she crushes him and kicks him over and over again.
Mistress Savannah is a sexy bbw mistress weighing over 500 pounds and tonight she wants to have some fun with her loser slave. She makes him lay on his back on the bed with his head hanging over the edge of the bed. She is wearing only her black bra and panties and she stands over her slave and then drops herself down onto her slave and lands on top of him with her full weight crushing his body.
This is BBW Cathy and she like to humiliate the heck out of me she treats me like a dog and makes me do doggy tricks. If I do them right she will let me lick her leather boots as they have all kinds of dirt on them. You can see how she lifts her boot up high enough so I can lick the grime off of them some times pushing down at the same time smashing my tongue between her boots and the floor ouch!
I really like hardcore squashing there is no better feeling then to have BigMommaKat standing on your stomach squashing down with an amazing 600 lbs on top of you. Your air just seems to run out fast and you no she is going to torture you and won't get off of you no matter what! But that's the rush of it even if you wanted her off I don't think you could even if you were about to die!
Mistress Cathy is a BBW blonde babe who likes to share her belly with me. She really gets me hot when she takes he shirt off her she has the sexiest belly with 54 double D titties. It feels so good to put my face between them and do the whole motor boat thing while my tongue hangs out licking her huge nipples. The best is when Miss Cathy jokes and smothers me with her big belly.
When Luna gets up in the mornings, she knows that she will check her weight. She doesn't want to get any bigger because her 500+ pounds are sexy enough. She enjoys seeing there is no change so she calls her slave to her. She wants to give him a celebratory squeeze so she tells him to lay at her feet. She straddles his chest and squeezes. She loves watching his little face turn pink with joy.


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Today, many solid pediatric cancers have a poor prognosis, contributing to an immense amount of physical and emotional suffering on the parts of the victims and their families. A key development on the pathway to addressing this unmet medical need has been growing recognition that the cellular bases of most pediatric cancers are different from those regulating their adult counterparts. Therefore, drug discovery efforts focused on the identification of new therapeutic leads that target the mechanisms underpinning pediatric cancers are needed. Fundamental to the success of any effort for improving chemotherapeutic options against pediatric cancers is an approach that matches the discovery possibilities embodied in a chemically diverse library of drug-like molecules with assays probing the selectivity/specificity of disease-relevant targets. Natural products fulfill this key criterio offering a rich assortment of novel structural features that nature has evolved into bioactive compounds. Our preliminary studies demonstrate that new fungal taxa derived from Great Lakes sediments generate compounds with these types of attractive biological profiles as exemplified in preliminary studies demonstrating selective activity against pediatric cancer cell lines. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the Great Lakes contain a unique and diverse assemblage of fungi that is virtually untapped for the production of bioactive natural products with potential against childhood cancers. To achieve the goal of transforming this fungal source of biological and chemical diversity into therapeutically-promising molecules, we have assembled a collaborative network of researchers with expertise in natural products chemistry, cancer drug discovery/pharmacology, Great Lakes ecology, and mycology. We will test the central hypothesis and fulfill the objectives of this proposal through six specific aims: 1) procuring sediment samples from diverse Great Lakes environments, 2) isolating fungi from sediment samples and preparing an extract library for screening, 3) testing extracts for activities in a suite of new and disease-relevant-assays pertaining to rare yet fatal pediatric cancers, 4) prioritizing bioactive samples for scale-up studies using bioassay data, taxonomic affinity, and chemical markers, 5) purifying bioactive compounds, and 6) verifying the in vivo activities of purified compounds in xenograft mouse models. Several innovative features have been built into our approach that pertain to both the biological assays (focus on selective inhibition of enzymatic and cell targets exhibited by pediatric cancers) and natural products chemistry approaches (new methods for the semi-automated isolation of fungi, expedited extract preparation, and advanced dereplication tools). These new techniques are expected to enhance our approach to identifying new bioactive compounds. Our research is significant because many pediatric cancers remain untreatable and vigorous efforts are needed to identifying compounds with promising therapeutic profiles that address this unmet medical need. We expect that that our studies will provide several new options for further development as therapies for childhood cancers.
This project will utilize new and unique natural products made by fungi derived from the Great Lakes as a resource for generating new bioactive compounds to treat childhood cancers. Whereas fungi are regarded as an important source of biologically active metabolites, those derived from the Great Lakes have not been systematically studied for this or any other major medical need. Our studies, backed by strong preliminary data, are expected to address the mission of the U.S. National Institutes of Health by providing new opportunities for reducing mortality associated with currently untreatable pediatric cancers.
|Du, Lin; Risinger, April L; Mitchell, Carter A et al. (2017) Unique amalgamation of primary and secondary structural elements transform peptaibols into potent bioactive cell-penetrating peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E8957-E8966
|Du, Lin; You, Jianlan; Nicholas, Kenneth M et al. (2016) Chemoreactive Natural Products that Afford Resistance Against Disparate Antibiotics and Toxins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 55:4220-5
|Stamps, Blake W; Du, Lin; Mitchell, Carter A et al. (2015) Draft genomes of two sordariomycete fungi that produce novel secondary metabolites. Genome Announc 3:


text:
Puff Pastry Pizza
If you like it, save it!
Save and organize all of the stuff you love in one place.Got it!
If you like something…
Click the heart, it's called favoriting. Favorite the stuff you like.Got it!
Author Notes: This is an easy after work meal that is a great way to use up leftovers. Of course regular pizza dough would substitute well for the puff pastry. —lesmcs
Serves: 2-4
sheet of thawed puff pastry, rolled out to 3-4mm thick
fig jam/preserves
pesto of choice. I used leftover Springtime Pesto
medium balls of fresh mozzarella or 1 large ball
parmigiano reggiano, grated
very thin slices of prosciutto
- Heat oven to 425 degrees F.
- Roll thawed puff pastry on a floured surface until it is a rectangle roughly 3-4mm thick. Place on top of parchment paper, silpat or foil and place on cookie sheet.
- Put a thin layer of fig jam on one half and a thin layer of pesto on the other half. The key is a thin layer. The jam is very sweet and the pesto has a lot of olive oil.
- Slice the mozzarella thinly and scatter over entire sheet. Sprinkle a thin layer of parmesan over the top. Lastly, add the proscuitto in heaps on top of everything.
- Bake for 12-15 minutes or when the edges of the pastry turn golden brown.
More Great Recipes:


text:
Abacus Learning Centre runs workshops for families and carers of children and teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
The aim of the full-day workshops is to provide information and practical strategies to increase your child's ability to learn, communicate and increase their inclusion in the community.
The areas covered include:
|Workshop Dates
|Please make an enquiry with Abacus Learning Centre about upcoming training dates
Training is held at Westernport Secondary College Community Meeting Room, 215 High Street, Hastings from 9.30am to 3.30pm
Cost is $250 per person
We understand the complexities of attempting to juggle life's routine and how difficult it can be to schedule a full day away from family duties. With this in mind, we have developed a number of Single Issue Workshops focussing on common concerns that effect families who have autistic children.
The areas covered include:
Dates and times will be advised according to level of interest.
Prices vary according to topic. POA.
Find out more about parent and carers training
Please complete and send to our office


text: Historical Events Sep 5 Dutch fleet commander Cornelis de Houtman taken hostage in Java Sep 7 Dutch fleet bombards Banten, Java Sep 20 Diego de Montemayor founded the city of Monterrey in New Spain. Famous Birthdays Sep 3 Nicolo Amati, Italian violin maker (Stradivari & Guarneri) Sep 4 Constantine Huygens, Dutch poet/diplomat (Delightful Folly) Sep 23 Joan Blaeu, cartographer/publisher Sep 28 Vredius, [Olivier de Wree], Flemish historian/poet/mayor Famous Deaths Sep 9 Anna Jagiellon, Polish Queen Sep 13 Pieter D Keyzer/Keyser, astronomer/navigator (Java) Sep 15 Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (b. 1535 or 1540) Share On Facebook Share On Twitter 1595 On This Day 1597


text:
"The group, which fights poverty by helping low-income young adults land entry-level professional jobs, first got serious about measuring its work nearly a decade ago. Though challenged at first to round up even basic information, the group over time began tracking virtually everything it could. … Now the nonprofit is diving deeper into its data to figure out which measures can predict whether a young person is likely to succeed in the program. And halfway through this review, it's already identified and eliminated measures that it's found matter little." "Too Much Information," Chronicle of Philanthropy, page 12, April 2016.
Why focus on evaluation?
Identifying programs that work and the factors contributing to their impact helps maximize impact—whether providing nutritious meals to more people, teaching more kids to read, or reducing impact on the environment. Evaluation defines the "success" of a program or organization; it gives the program provider proof that what they are doing is making a difference.
What are the eligibility requirements to apply?
To be eligible to submit an LOI, your organization must be a governmental entity, an educational institution, a religious institution, or a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that has held tax-exempt status for five years or more as of the year you submit your LOI. Additionally, the program/project must serve northern Nevada.
If we haven't evaluated our programs before, can we apply?
We do not expect LOIs to demonstrate complete mastery of evaluation concepts and activities. We are looking for organizations that are have already demonstrated a commitment to evaluating their programs, have board support for doing so, and are ready to commit resources to this effort.
Is the money restricted to pay for evaluation of programs?
Yes, it is restricted for the purpose as defined in your proposal for evaluation efforts in your organization.
What activities are NOT eligible for funding?
Examples include: paying for operating activities such as staff training required to perform one's job; staff time that does not benefit the evaluation of existing programs; technology (laptops, iPads); and memberships to a professional organization and/or annual fees. Individuals and projects outside Nevada are not eligible for funding.
Is this multi-year or single year funding?
This grant is available for single year funding only, and this will be the final year of an evaluation focus.
What will be award sizes?
The guidelines state applicants can request up to $15,000.
How important are other sources of funding in the project budget?
Other funding sources (grants from other foundations or private parties, matching grants, funding from the organization itself, etc.) can be very important to make your application stand out in a competitive grant process. Having other funding sources shows community support for your project. Funding contributed to the project from your own organization shows a commitment to the project from your board and staff.
Would it be helpful if we had match funding for program evaluation already? Can we use in-kind donations for match?
While match funding is helpful, it is not a requirement to receive the Partnership grant. In-kind donations can be a great way to show community support for your project. Donations that reduce the expenses of the project, but are not monetary gifts, are considered in-kind. Staff and board time does not count as in-kind because that time is already required for operations.
Should I include quotes from vendors or consultants?
Quotes from vendors are not required, but – when appropriate – can be helpful in the review process and will enhance any application.
When can I expect a funding decision?
The Partnership grants committee will meet in June 2018 to review LOIs. If your application is selected, you will be asked to submit a Request for Proposal. The committee will meet in September 2018 and decisions will be communicated shortly thereafter.
If my proposal is funded, when will funding be provided?
If your proposal is funded, funds will be disbursed in September 2018.
May we speak with someone at Community Foundation to discuss our project before we even apply?
Please contact Lauren Renda at 775-333-5499 or firstname.lastname@example.com if you have questions about the Letter of Intent process or the online application.


text:
The "Pacific Ring of Fire," the arc of mountains and oceanic trenches ringing the greater Pacific Ocean, is one of the most renowned of the planet's phenomena, due to its size and awe-inspiring mountains. Geologic forces have crafted the myriad peaks of the Pacific Rim of Fire into many different features, from symmetric cones to vertical spires. Powered by seafloor spreading and ultimately lifted into the sky through tectonic collisions—primarily subduction—the mountain chains of this vast realm rank as some of the most beautiful and storied on the planet, ranging from the variegated sub-ranges of the Andes to those of the Aleutians, Java, and more. One of the most beautiful and pristine of these mountain chains lies virtually hidden on the western edge of Canada: British Columbia's Coast Mountains.
Weatherwise contributing editor ED DARACK is an independent author and photographer who covers a broad range of topics. His next book is The Final Mission of Extortion 17, published by Smithsonian Books. Learn more at www.darack.com.


text:
Voice and Video over LTE
What is Voice and Video over LTE?
Voice and Video over LTE is the next generation of voice and video calling. Before the launch of Voice and Video over LTE, voice calls were made over the Bell HSPA network. When you used data during a call, data would operate on HSPA speeds.
Now, with Voice and Video over LTE technology, you can:
- Make a voice call and stay on LTE data speeds while you multi-task
- Make and receive voice and video calls with improved voice quality
- Switch between voice and video during calls
What you'll need
To take advantage of Voice and Video over LTE on the Bell network, you will need:
- One of the following compatible smartphones:
- Samsung Galaxy S6 and all newer models
- Samsung X Cover 4
- Samsung Galaxy Note8
- Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017)
- Samsung Galaxy A8
- Samsung Galaxy J3 Prime (2017)
- Blackberry KeyOne
- Blackberry KEY2
- BlackBerry Motion
- LG G5, G7 ThinQ and all newer models
- LG Stylo 3 Plus, X Power 2, X Power 3, Q Stylo+, Q6, V30
- Sony Xperia X Performance
- Sony Xperia XZ1, XZ2
- Sonim XP8
- Google Pixel 2, Pixel 2 XL
- Apple iPhone 6 and all newer models (including SE) with iOS 10 and above
(Note: iPhone devices only support Voice over LTE)
- Huawei P20 Pro
- Moto E5 Play
- Moto G6 Play
- Moto Z3 Play
- An eligible rate plan with data and an LTE SIM card
- Voice and Video over LTE network coverage
Voice and Video over LTE is activated automatically; you don't need to change your phone settings. To see if Voice and Video over LTE is working, just look for the "LTE" icon on the status bar during a voice or a video call.
Coverage area
Voice and Video over LTE is available in select areas of Ontario, Québec, Atlantic Canada, Manitoba, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon. It will expand to other regions in the near future.
Voice and data usage
Voice calls over LTE: voice minutes are charged the same way as before; that is, they are deducted from the minutes available in your rate plan. Additional long distance charges may apply.
Video calls over LTE: video calls use data and voice minutes. Data is charged at standard data rates; that is, data is deducted from the usage available in your rate plan or add-on, or charged at pay-per-use rates as applicable. Voice minutes used in video calls are deducted from the minutes available in your rate plan.


text:
(Radio.com) Billy Joel was in rare form on Jimmy Kimmel Live! last week (Oct. 19). During a freewheeling interview on the show, which is currently filming in Brooklyn, Joel revealed that his favorite Bruce Springsteen song is "Meeting Across the River," a deep cut from Springsteen's legendary 1975 album, Born to Run.
It's a song so deep that Paul Shaffer, the famous former bandleader for Late Show with David Letterman who's guesting with Kimmel for the Brooklyn shows, didn't know it.
As Joel called out the chord progressions for Shaffer and the band, he delivered a spot-on impersonation of Springsteen's gravelly vocal delivery. Watch the moment below.
Joel also commented on the possibility of someday doing an intimate theater-style show like Springsteen's current Broadway production.
"We talked about it with Bruce last night," Joel revealed. "I said, 'Why don't we switch it up once in a while? You come do the Garden, and I'll do your gig for a couple days.'"
Joel also performed his song "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)" from his 1976 album, Turnstiles. Watch it here.
Journey's Steve Perry New Album Details Revealed- Lindsey Buckingham Announces Post Fleetwood Mac Tour- Megalife: The Autobiography Of Nick Menza Set For Release- more
Copyright 1998 - 2018 Iconoclast Entertainment Group All rights reserved.


text: Building CommunityThe Chester Community Fellowship Program empowers students to make an impact on—and learn from—the community. More from Building Community Swarthmore ScenesNot able to visit the campus in person? Tour the campus online. A Quaker Take on HistoryReplete with historical treasures, Swarthmore's Friends Historical Library provides not just a history of Quakers, but also hidden historical narratives. More from A Quaker Take on History Watch Video A Life of the MindFrom The Bulletin: Lessons from Kimberly St. Julian-Varnon '12's past inspire her teaching. More from A Life of the Mind ICYMI: Top 20 Web Stories of the YearFrom prestigious scholarships to Jeopardy! appearances and everything in between, the 2017-18 academic year provided more than its share of momentous and memorable occasions. Read more More Feature StoriesSee more feature stories. Previous Next


text:
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- Academic Catalog
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- Lifelong Learning At Regis
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Regis offers a variety of academic programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels through four distinct schools – the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Communication, the School of Nursing, and the School of Health Sciences.
We believe that true learning takes place in a setting that values the individual––a place where academic support, dedicated professors, and experiential learning strengthen a student's ability to thrive.
At Regis, opportunities abound for students to challenge themselves––both on campus and around the world.