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A multimeter is an essential part of the arsenal of any technician, mechanic, or electrician. In fact, if you're a home or vehicle owner and don't want to be spending hundreds upon thousands of dollars on repairs every year, you should probably go out and get your own multimeter. With a good multimeter, you can measure electrical current and voltage and quite often solve the problem yourself.
Because a multimeter is such a handy tool to have, many of the companies which manufacture them put heavy price tags on their products. This is particularly true for some of the most popular brands, as they are aware nobody wants to go with a lesser known brand when purchasing something which could result in death should a major malfunction occur. Thankfully, there are any famous brands which do not charge hundreds for their products, and often times offer a wider array of features than the more expensive models.
To ensure you don't get mixed up between an inexpensive and cheap models, we have compiled this list of some of the best low-cost multimeters available in 2016 & 2017.
Pros and Cons
Before we start discussing specific models, let's take a moment to think about the pros and cons of owning an inexpensive multimeter.
• Affordable
This is the most obvious pro of purchasing a inexpensive product. If you've already spent a lot of money on items for your home or car, you don't want to have to go out and spend another couple of hundred to make sure nothing goes wrong again. With an affordable multimeter, you can be sure your appliances, your car, and your wallet all stay out of danger.
• Replaceable
There's nothing more annoying than smashing a much in demand electrical device that you paid a lot of money for. Much of the time, repairing the item can turn out to be more expensive than simply buying a new one, and you find yourself stuck between a rock and a hard place. Although the products which we will discuss in this article are all of high quality and extremely durable, they are all easy and inexpensive to replace should a problem arise.
• Limitations
While many budget multimeters can hold their own against the $500 models of the world, most will have a greater set of limitations than the expensive alternative. For many DIY enthusiasts, this won't be that much of an issue as the multimeter will be used sparingly and on smaller projects, but it could prove problematic for a mechanic or electrician.
• Pride
This is a minor, minor, minor issue, but there are some people out there who want to purchase the most expensive model they can find just so they can brag about it. If you're that kind of person, your pride is likely going to take a hit should you decide to go with a less expensive product, but at least you can boast about all the money you saved. If you would like to check the best analog multimeters click here.
Top Rated Cheap Multimeters
Now that we have the pros and cons out of the way, let's get to the reason you're here. Here are five of the top-rated, though least expensive, multimeters in the world.
|Amprobe AM-530
|Check The Price
|Mastech MS8229
|Check The Price
|Extech EX330
|Check The Price
|Mastech MS8261
|Check The Price
|Check The Price
1. Amprobe AM-530
As I said earlier, those who work with electrical currents should probably consider paying extra for a more expensive model. However, that does not mean that there are absolutely no cheap multimeters out there which can be used by professionals. In fact, this product from Amprobe is the go-to multimeter for thousands of electricians around the world.
The AM-530 is a digital auto-ranging model with a plethora of features, with very little limitations as to what it can be used for. With this product, you can determine if a fuse has blown, measure voltage, and determine the strength of electrical connections. It is capable of a whole lot more, but we have other products to get to, so you can research further in your own time.
The Amprobe AM-530 boasts a CAT III 600V safety rating, so it's the perfect multimeter for if you're the thrifty neurotic type.
2. Mastech MS8229
The Mastech MS8229 is without a doubt one of the most versatile products on the market and it is available for a fraction of the course of some far less impressive options. This is a multi-functional digital multimeter with auto-ranging and five modes which you can alternate between as you need them. With this one model, you get a DMM, a humidity meter, a thermometer, a sound level meter, and a lux meter.
The Mastech MS8229 has the capability to measure voltage, current, and resistance. It is also a great tool to carry out a diode test in a timely manner. While something with so many features may seem intimidating at first, this is actually one of the more easy-to-use products on the market, and can be easily mastered by anyone.
The Mastech MS8229 is certainly something to marvel at, as it is rare to see all these features crammed into such a small device, especially when said device is readily available for less than $50.
3. Extech EX330
If you keep a toolbox, you are no doubt aware of how frustrating it can be trying to fit everything into it in a way which won't damage any of the equipment but will still allow you to close the lid. The Extec EX330 can alleviate that problem to some degree, as it is a lightweight, mini multimeter which offers the same power as a full sized one.
This is a 4000 count multimeter with auto-ranging and the ability to measure voltage, current, resistance, temperature, frequency, and duty cycle. It is also fitted with an extra large screen (strange for a mini model) to make reading measurements easier than ever before.
The Extech EX330 offers a total of 12 helpful and convenient features, eliminating the need to switch between tools while you work. The device is fitted with a rubber case for protection, so you can make use of all those features for years to come.
4. Mastech MS8261
Mastech is the only brand to have two entries on this list of the best cheap multimeters, and it shouldn't come as any surprise to those of you who are familiar with brands. Mastech has produced some of the finest products of recent memory and its MS8261 is among them.
The MS8261 is a sturdy, reliable, 30-range model which has found its greatest popularity among those who dabble in home improvement. This is understandable as it isn't really a product for professionals, but it does what it is supposed to do and does it well.
Like most other products available, this model can measure current, voltage, resistance and everything else which you would expect a multimeter to measure. However, it also offers date hold and resettable fuse features, which are rare for a multimeter of its price.
While it may not tick all the boxes for a mechanic or engineer, the Mastech MS8261 is a great choice for multimeter novices.
INNOVA is one of the leading manufacturers of multimeters in the world, so it is only fitting we end this list with an INNOVA product. Of all INNOVA products, the 3320 is one of the most popular and, funnily enough, one of the least expensive.
This is primarily used as an automotive multimeter, meaning it is utilized in vehicular troubleshooting tasks. However, it can also be used for a variety of indoor repairs, with many users reporting their surprise at how easily the 3320 adapted to household work.
The INNOVA 3320 is surrounded by rubber to reduce the chance of it being damaged by a fall, and is a UL certified product, so you can be sure you're getting something good.


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subset: commoncrawl


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- amusing in an odd way; whimsically humorous; waggish.
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- a droll person; jester; wag.
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- Archaic. to jest; joke.
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Origin of droll
1615–25; < Middle French drolle pleasant rascal < Middle Dutch drol a fat little man
SynonymsSee more synonyms for droll on Thesaurus.com
1. diverting, odd, witty. 2, 3. clown.
Synonym study
1. See amusing.
1. serious.
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
Examples from the Web for droll
Contemporary Examples
And, as the enigmatic front man to an avant garde indie rock group, he is droll, perceptive, and splendidly weird.Oscars 2015: The Daily Beast's Picks, From Scarlett Johansson to 'Boyhood'
Marlow Stern
January 6, 2015
And Pratt is at once macho, charming, and droll; a Han Solo for the Facebook generation.The Next Han Solo: Chris Pratt on His Star-Making Turn in 'Guardians of the Galaxy'
Marlow Stern
July 22, 2014
But unlike True Detective it was also droll, playful, quirky, invigorating, and creative.'True Detective,' Obsessive-Compulsive Noir, and 'Twin Peaks'
Jimmy So
March 14, 2014
Truth in Advertising balances the droll with the hopeful and the glib with the heartfelt.This Week's Hot Reads: Jan. 7, 2013
Mythili Rao
January 7, 2013
Ronson himself—inquiring, droll, more than a bit nerdy—is the self-deprecating guide and hero of these adventures.This Week's Hot Reads: November 6, 2012
Mythili Rao
November 7, 2012
Historical Examples
Rulledge demanded, with a resentment which we felt so droll in him that we laughed.Questionable Shapes
William Dean Howells
Provost was tall, his silvery hair was blown about, and he had a droll face.My Double Life
Sarah Bernhardt
Whereat they said how droll, how cheerful, what a flow of spirits!Life And Adventures Of Martin Chuzzlewit
Charles Dickens
It may seem a droll idea; but see what progress has been made already.The Three Cities Trilogy, Complete
Emile Zola
"But go and see that droll dog," the little man persisted, calling after him.A Tale of Two Cities
Charles Dickens
- amusing in a quaint or odd manner; comical
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Word Origin
C17: from French drôle scamp, from Middle Dutch: imp
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Word Origin and History for droll
1620s, from French drôle "odd, comical, funny" (1580s), in Middle French a noun meaning "a merry fellow," possibly from Middle Dutch drol "fat little fellow, goblin," or Middle High German trolle "clown," ultimately from Old Norse troll "giant, troll" (see troll (n.)). Related: Drolly; drollish.
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Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper


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Welcome to your Membership of the Spiral Well!
The membership site is currently being updated, so you'll get an email as new things are added! In the meantime, why not sign up for our flagship 3-week eCourse, UnEarth your Creative Nature, here.
Don't forget to request to join the Facebook group, too, where you can connect with lots of other creative people and share ideas.
Thank you so much for joining us,


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Port Moody Library's Celebrate the Season
Tuesday, December 19, 2017 6:30 PM
Port Moody Library's Celebrate the Season at Inlet Theatre
Enjoy a special storytime with carols, holiday stories, hot chocolate, and our special guests, Pigeon and Santa! Non-perishable donations for local food banks will be accepted. Free fun for all ages in the Inlet Theatre. Seating is first come, first serve. Back to Community Events


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By Kevin Black
Our age of specialization has in some respects overshadowed the value of the generalist. This shouldn't be a surprise considering the sophisticated, technological age we live in. For instance, to be a "business strategist" today requires a qualifier, signifying an expertise in a particular field, such as marketing, sales, or IT. What about the general business strategist? Isn't this the professional who integrates all of the input of the experts? And by what
technical right can this person legitimately tell an expert what to do or what not to do? David Ben-Gurion, the prime minister of Israel, who is the fourth statesmen presented in Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesman, and Leadership in Wartime, provides an interesting and helpful perspective.


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Hurry up! Bold vintage prints are everywhere this season. We used one to sew a halter top that is easy enough for beginners, read on to see how…
Gather the following:
+ Print fabric or a print scarf
+ 3 m (3 ft. 12 ins) of petersham ribbon
+ Thread
+ Rotary cutter
+ Ruler
+ Paper
+ Pencil
+ Scissors
+ Straight pins
+ Small ruler
+ Tape measure
Paper pattern piece: Draw a trapezoid, 50 cm (20") high, upper edge 25 cm (10"), lower edge (13"). Add SA of 1 cm (3/8") to angled side edge and 2 cm (¾") to upper and lower edges.
Fold fabric. Pin pattern piece to fabric, with vertical edge (no SA) on fold of fabric. Cut out fabric piece. If needed or desired, the pattern piece can be drawn larger.
Press upper and lower edges to wrong side, each twice 1 cm (3/8"), and pin in place.
Edgestitch in place, tying off ends of stitching with backstitching.
Cut ribbon in half. Pin each half to side edge of top, right sides facing, leaving approx. 50 cm (20") of ribbon extending on upper and lower edges. Edgestitch ribbon in place.
Press ribbons to wrong side and pin in place.
Edgestitch inner ribbon edges in place. On each ribbon end, press twice 1 cm ( 3/8") to wrong side and stitch in place, to prevent fraying.
Finished! Fashionistas will pair the top with matching prints or pastels for the bottom for pattern mixing outfits as we saw on the Pucci and Marc Cain runways. This top also makes a fabulous layering piece under a cardigan or blazer for the fall.
Happy DIYing!


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This is some of the music that I have been listening to for the past few weeks whilst I have been doing the data entry which I find really inspiring and does help you get through the day…
It's finally home time and I'm off Christmas shopping as I've not done any! I do this every year:/
See you tomorrow.
Also posted in http://lifeisfunbeingme.wordpress.com/


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Soft Skills
Language Transformation
- Grammar basics
- Sentence formation
- Right use of word
- Language etiquette
- Voice and Accent neutralization
- Tenses
- Articles
- Prepositions
- Corporate Vocabulary
- Assignment
Soft Skills Training Program
Soft skills, often known as people skills, are personality traits that help you interact well with others. They include effective listening, leadership, conflict resolution, accountability and the ability to collaborate.
By providing the right inputs, we can bring up your learning curve in a fast, cost-effective and timely manner. Our English speaking classes will further enable you to converse fluently in the language and communicate better. This Soft Skills Training will help refine your personality leading to operational excellence and an improvement in your overall behaviour at the workplace.
It's open for all who wants to be a Digital Marketing Specialist
- Grammar basics
- Sentence formation
- Right use of word
- Language etiquette
- Voice and Accent neutralization
- Tenses
- Articles
- Prepositions
- Corporate Vocabulary
- Assignment
- Basics of Communication
- Assertive Communication
- Positive Body Language
- Clarity of Thoughts
- Facial Expressions & Hand
- Gestures Verbal
- Non Verbal
- Written
- Assignment
- Social etiquette
- Corporate etiquette
- Email etiquette
- Corporate Culture
- Mannerisms
- Being a Team Player
- Problem Solving
- Understanding organizational issue
- Friendliness
- Right way of Dressing
- Business and Social Attires
- Personal good and bad habits
- Self Presentation
- Services Presentation
- Product Presentation
- Concept Presentation
- Reports Presentation
- Clarity of mind
- Assignment
- Direct Networking
- Networking through social media
- Linkedin Profile Building
- Types of Interviews
- Self Introduction
- Resume Structure
- DO's and Don'ts
- Elevator Pitch
- Mock Interviews
- Group Discussion
- Assignment
Learning outcomes
Develop Self Confidence
Discover your potential
Decision Making Power and Clarity of mind
Better positioning of self
Creative Thinking
Standout in interviews
Excel in interview skills
Effective Leadership
Work life Balance
Enhancing the memory and concentration
Have an Interest ?
Course Features
- Lectures 8
- Quizzes 0
- Duration 69 hours
- Skill level Beginner
- Language English
- Students 10
- Assessments Yes


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The Ventura County SOAR initiative (Measure C) will be accompanied on the November ballot by City SOAR initiatives in each of the communities listed below.
Click on the (+) for each community below to learn more about individual community SOAR initiatives.
The City and County SOAR measures work together to provide comprehensive, coordinated protection for open space and farmland. With all of the measures working together, neither the County Board of Supervisors nor an individual City Council can take away your right to vote on sprawl development projects.


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We work with software product companies ranging from start-ups to Fortune 500 companies.
Our Case Studies will give you an insight into our level of involvement with customers. You can also see how our solutions have supplemented our customer's sales objectives.
At AAyuja, we work with the sole objective of promoting the interests of our clients while protecting their identity and privacy needs. The confidentiality agreement we follow allows us to disclose the details of the solutions offered by us without disclosing information about the identity of our clients.
Some of our satisfied clientele include
AAyuja is a great asset for any company they work with. Within 3 months of working with them they proved to be a great team players and fast learners. They are always willing to do what it takes to deliver the required results. I can see from the communication they have with our clients that they are very well liked, and are very skillful in their ability to recognize, and provide, exactly what the client needs.
I have no hesitation in recommending AAyuja, as I believe they are a very accomplished and professional business partner / consultant.
I have no hesitation in recommending AAyuja, as I believe they are a very accomplished and professional business partner / consultant.
International Account Manager
at a Leading IAS company
at a Leading IAS company


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Wine with Dummies
Ooooh Strawberry Cheesecake! We explore the warmer Rhone region of France and taste a white and a red from Chateauneuf du Pape. Say that three times fast!Read More
Meet Our Summer Romance
Have you ever had a summer romance? We have. In fact, we're in the middle of one right now with this South American beauty! Even though it isn't summer yet, nab a bottle of Anakena and try it yourself!Read More
It's Two! Two! Two Wines In One!
Ho Ho Ho and off we go to our secret bunker in an undisclosed location somewhere near some pine trees. Join us as we dip our toes into the icy cold waters of the Riesling not once, but twice at Christmas!Read More
It's A Threesome!
The three of us are sitting in our three chairs, tasting and reviewing three sips each of three different wines! Pull up a chair for three minutes and watch. (Ok, it's not really only three minutes… but still, just stay and watch eh?) Thanks. We love ya. MEAN IT!Read More
Pre-Trip Tasting: Matariki 2011 Sauvignon Blanc Hawkes Bay
We've been loving some New Zealand Sauvignon Blancs of late and this particular Matariki isn't offending. But if we're being honest (and we're nothing if not honest), it was just a smidge "meh" for us. Citrus and mineral on the nose, this super pale, almost green Sauvignon Blanc is nicely acidic with notes of green…Read More
Pre-Trip Tasting: 75 Sauvignon Blanc
Last night we dined at DiPaolo, one of our absolute favorite restaurants in Atlanta (and all of the world). We had a divine house-made mozzarella and Salame Varzi bruschetta to start followed by the most fabuloso halibut, but we're not here to talk about the amazing food at DiPaolo. (Psst…but if you're in Atlanta, give…Read More


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Milwaukee Staining, Finishing and Refinishing Interior Paint Services
Staining, finishing and refinishing can be a tricky business. Trust the Colorwheel Painting painting professionals to complete your staining project properly with a finished product which looks great and lasts. Acquiring a truly smooth and beautiful finish requires multiple steps.
Many painters take short cuts utilizing gel-based stains to go over the top of existing stain systems. The finished product looks awful. True refinishing requires strong chemicals such as lacquer. There are no short-cuts when you want a beautifully finished stained product.
When you call Colorwheel for a free no-obligation quote, you'll realize immediately you're dealing with true professionals. The entire project will be explained to you in a simple, common sense manner. Our staff will explain specifically what we do and why. A precise work schedule will be planned. It will be set up for your convenience, not ours. This is important when staining and finishing work is being done. The materials are safe but quite strong. Our workers will show up right on time. Your property will be respected and protected. Each and every aspect of the work will be completed exactly as promised. The result will be woodwork which will have its natural beauty enhanced and emphasized.
Mantle + Built-In Conversion by Colorwheel Painting
Painting Pedestals and Various Other Objects
Colorwheel also paints random objects like the pedestals shown here. All painting is completed right in our state-of-the-art Milwaukee facility. No matter what the object is, whether a pedestal or other concrete statue, our master craftsmen are trained in the special process of working around porous materials. When seeking expertise for the painting of pedestals and more, look no further. We revive various objects into the beautiful structures they were originally made to be.
You've already paid for quality when you made the purchase. Our painting professionals from Colorwheel will make certain the high-quality is apparent to all. After the work is completed, there will be a clean-up of the project which is flawlessly immaculate. Your absolute satisfaction is unconditionally guaranteed. All you have to do is stand back and enjoy your beautiful result. Sound good? It will be!


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Here is the link: https://us.cricut.com/design/#/canvas/33652997
The only thing you have to do is add a dark brown scrap behind the eyes unless you want to be the color of your Cricut. I also colored the eyes on the turkey head darker brown, with a Spectrum Noir Marker EB7. To add the white accents I used a Gelly Roll Pen. All the Papers are Recollections.
Enjoy Your Thanksgiving


text: In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time.In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.


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Providing great service can make a huge difference in a small business. For companies like Zappos, Nordstrom, and Southwest Airlin
There's a visual side to every business, and Pinterest and Instagram, which are social media applications, can show your custome
If you want 2016 to be better than 2015, you have to do something differently in 2016 than you did in 2015. It's a simple but pr
Recently, a client wanted to make some pretty significant business decisions around service offerings and pricing. He felt stuck i
A great way to speed up your cash flow is to get paid faster by customers who owe you money. One way to do that is to examine your
The balance sheet is one of the main financial reports for any business. Among other things, it shows what a company owns, what th
If you have workers in your business, you likely made a decision when you hired them as to whether they should be an employee or a


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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first NOLA.com user to add photos or videos of Mick's Irish Pub
Nice neighborhood bar with really cheap drinks. I think doubles are like $4 or somewhere around there. Great place to go to hang out, drink and talk with friends. p.s.: There's a courtyard in...
A very smokey neighborhood bar.... with great pinball machines. Cheap drinks and no frills. Fun for afternoon drinking.
Micks Irish Pub can be found at Bienville St 4801. The following is offered: Bars, Pubs, & Clubs. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In New Orleans there are 15 other Bars, Pubs, & Clubs. An overview can be found here.


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Rufus/Buckner/Amaziah/Abiathar Young
Of Giles, Maury, Hardin, Hardeman, and Shelby
Counties of the 19th Century
Since the 1980s, there have been two lines of thought of who the
father of Amaziah Young was: Buckner Young of Giles Co Tennessee, or
Rufus K Young, born in Rhode Island, and who moved to Giles Co between
1813 and 1820. The argument for both cases is presented here.
Both Amaziah Young and Abiathar Young had rare biblical names, and
when they were referred to as "A Young" in records, no one could be sure
if it was Amaziah, or Abiathar.
"Abiathar Young" was alive in the 1900 census, in Shelby Co TN, in
the Collierville area; and was age 62, born in 1837. That census record
shows that his father was born in RI, and his mother born in SC. Rufus
Young was born in RI, in an area where there were older men named
Amaziah Young; Rufus Young's wife was Rebecca Young, born in Spartanburg
Co SC.
Masonic Lodge insurance records show that Mr "A Young" died on 19
August 1879, and was affiliated with the Collierville Lodge; the
Collierville Lodge also stated that N M Young and A Young affiliated
with the Lodge on the same day, 1 April 1870, indicating that they both
transferred to that lodge at the same time, from some other lodge. And H
C Young was made a Master Mason on 5 August 1870. The actual Masonic
records came from Nashville, since the Collierville lodge burned down in
the early 1870s, and it has no written records until about 1890.
The 1880 census of Shelby Co shows that there were unrelated Young
families living there in Districts 1, 3, 5,10 (Collierville), 14, and in
Memphis City, but none of them lived close to A R Young, nor was there
any indication that the other Young families were connected to A R Young
or to Amaziah Young. Also in that 1880 census was "A R Young" in
District 10 (Collierville area) and his wife "S A Young." A R was age
42, born about 1837 in TN, with a father born in SC and a mother born in
RI. Birth places for the parents were obviously switched in error by the
census taker. Next door was Mr "H C Young," age 38 and born about 1842
in TN, with his wife Ruth; H C gave his father's birth place as SC, and
his mother's as RI. There was no "N M Young" (named in the Masonic
records) to be found in Shelby Co in 1880.
There was a Yellow Fever epidemic in the Memphis Area in the winter
of 1879-1880. Flora E East, in the late 1960s, said that her great-
grandfather Amaziah Young carried food from the Collierville farms to
Memphis in a buckboard wagon during the epidemic, and that perhaps he
died of Yellow Fever. Flora also said that Amaziah was a member of the
Masonic Order.
In Shelby Co in 1870, in district 10 (Collierville area), was "A R
Young," age 32, and his wife "S A Young," age 25; both were born in TN.
Next door was Monroe Young, age 41 from TN and his wife Tirnpa (?), age
38 from KY. Perhaps Monroe was the N M Young mentioned in the Masonic
records. A few doors away was John Jarman and his wife Martha, who had a
son Leonidas, who married Angeline E Young, Amaziah Young's daughter, at
a later date.
In Hardeman Co TN (the county midway between Hardin Co and Shelby Co)
in 1860 was R K Young, age 65 of NY, and his wife Rebecca, age 65 of NY,
and their children. The eldest child shown was named Bethen, age 22. This
son was obviously Abiathar, who was born in 1837. So we can be confident
that Abiathar was a son of Rufus and Rebecca. Another son of Rufus and
Rebecca was Henry, born about 1842. At this time, in Maury Co, was "A
Young" age 37, and his wife M E, age 37, with eight or nine children. It
would appear that this couple was married around 1842. They lived near
Williamsport. ... But at this point, there is no serious evidence that
Amaziah was a son of Rufus.
Let's look at Buckner Young, brother of Rebecca who married Rufus. In
1860, the last census where Buckner is found, he is in Giles Co, in the
Bradshaw Creek area. He is age 60, born in SC about 1800, and he has no
wife. Living with him are three young adults, and four young children
who could be Buckner's grandchildren. The eldest of the young adults is
Nancy E Farmer, age 24, and is perhaps a widowed daughter. The eldest
son is age 22.
In 1850, Buckner was in Giles Co, age 50 and born in SC, with his
wife Frances, age 45 and born in NC. The children range in age from 21
down to 7. One of the daughters is Nancy E, age 17 (probably a correct
age). And in 1850 in Maury Co is Amaziah Young, age 27 and is a teacher;
his wife is Mary, age 26. Other professions Amaziah has had over the
years was a farmer and a stone fence maker. (Rufus Young went to a
teacher's college and taught afterwards.) Buckner's occupation was
always a farmer, and a bad businessman. And also in 1850, "R K Young,
age 57, was a teacher, born in RI; his wife was Rebecca, age 50, and
born in SC." They had, at that time, four children with them: Ann, age
20, Angeline, age 15, "Abrathan," age 12, and Henry, age 8. All children
of Buckner, Amaziah, and Rufus & Rebecca were born in TN.
Now the 1840 census-"R K Young," age 40s, and his wife, age 30s, were
in Giles Co. Living with them were a daughter & son, ages 15-19, another
daughter & son ages 10-14, a daughter age 5-9, and a son under age 5.
Amaziah could have been the eldest boy, and the youngest boy fits the
age to be Abiathar. Son H C from later records in Shelby Co wasn't yet
born. Also in Giles Co in 1840 was the Buckner Young family; he was age
40s, with no wife, and a male also age 40s (could this be his wife?).
The children were three boys ages 15-19, a boy age 10-14, two daughters age
5-9, and a boy & girl under age 5. Since Amaziah would have been age 17
then, he could have been one of the elder teenage boys. Amaziah didn't
marry until about 1842.
In 1830 in Giles Co (page 165) was "R K Young," age 30s, his wife age
20s, and a girl & two boys age 5-9, and a boy & girl age under 5.
Amaziah could be one of the elder boys, and Monroe was of the age to be
the youngest son, and Abiathar wasn't yet born. Buckner was also in
Giles Co in 1830 census (page 145), age 30s, with one son age under 5;
his wife was age 20s, and no daughters. And since Amaziah was born in
1823, and would be age 7 in the 1830 census, then it doesn't appear that
Buckner was the father.
Land deeds and mortgages often shed light on who family members are.
On 11 July 1839, in order to equally divide the values of slaves between
the seven heirs of Buckner's father John Young, who died 17 October
1838, Buckner's brother-in-law Rufus K Young sold his wife Rebecca
Young's shares of slaves to Buckner for $135 in cash. Witnesses at this
recorded sale were Amaziah Young and Joseph East. [This Joseph East was
married to Mildred Payne, and was a member of Roberson Fork Church where
Rufus Young's family were members.]
Apparently Buckner and some of his siblings inherited their father's
land, and in the process, Planter's Bank of Tennessee wasn't paid for
the mortgage owed against the land since Buckner didn't have enough cash
to settle his share of the debt. So he sold some of his slaves to his
brother Spencer Young and other brothers in order to obtain enough cash
to pay his share of the land mortgage he inherited from his father. In
this land record, we learned the names of his brothers and brothers-in-
law. This, and similar transactions with close relatives, happened
between December 1839 and the summer of 1840. And in June 1841, Buckner
still isn't able to settle many debts he owed, so he sells more slaves
and farm equipment in order to satisfy his debts. The conclusions from
the deeds of the 1839 to 1841 years was that all of Buckner's brothers
and sisters were financially successful, but Buckner wasn't. The most
successful brother appeared to be Spencer Young.
Miscellaneous items: Buckner Young was on jury duty in August 1824.
Buckner sued someone in May 1826 for unpaid debts, and won. Buckner was
sued in August 1826 for not performing a service he was paid to do, and
lost. Buckner Young was appointed to be a constable in February 1827,
and in that same month he sold property. He was alive in October 1862
when he bought wheat at the estate sale of Archibald Smith Young, his
late brother. But Buckner had died be 22 April 1865. There were no heirs
mentioned by name in his estate records.
Roberson Fork Church records: Rufus K Young, Amaziah Young were
members between July 1836, but removed from membership by August 1841.
And during these years, Harriet East (Harried K Young, daughter of Rufus
& Rebecca) and her husband "Rewben East" had moved to Waynesboro.
Perhaps Amaziah had been removed from the membership because he was by
then living in Maury Co to the north, where he married in 1842.
By the 1870s, Amaziah had moved to the Collierville area of Shelby
Co, as did his brother Abiathar, Monroe, and H C Young. And about 1865
Abiathar's sister Harriet Young and her husband Reuben East and children had
moved to Hardin Co, where Harriet's daughter and son-in-law became the
Savannah Courier newspaper owners in September 1885, and from the
newspaper gossip and other info above, we have put together much of the
families in question. On 5 January 1888 the Courier reported that "Mrs.
R. East is visiting her brothers, A.R. and H.C. Young, near
Collierville, Tenn." On 2 February 1888 "Mrs. R. East who has been
visiting relatives at Collierville, returned home last Tuesday." on 16
August 1888 the Courier reported that "Mrs. Mary Young, mother of J.C.
Young of this place, left last week to make home with her daughter, Mrs.
Porter, of Columbia." Mrs Young was Mary Elizabeth Cherry, Amaziah's
widow. J.C. Young was Jeremiah Cherry Young, Amaziah's son. On 18 July
1889 the Courier ported that "Mrs. R. East left yesterday for
Collierville to visit her brothers A.R. and H.C Young." On 15 August
1889, "Mrs R. East, who has been visiting friends and relatives in
Collierville and Corinth, the past month, arrived home Monday." And on
30 January 1890, "Mrs. Angie East and Miss Nannie East have returned
from their visit to Collierville." There were other articles during the
1890 to 1896 years mentioning "J.T. Young" and "J.C. Young" living in
Savannah. These were the eldest two sons of Amaziah. On 3 September 1891
"Miss Nannie East is visiting relatives in Collierville." Nannie was a
granddaughter of Harriet K Young and Rufus East, so her relatives in
Collierville were her cousins and great aunts & uncles on her mother's
side. Nannie had returned by the 24th that month, because on that day
the Courier has reported that she was then in Wayne Co visiting
relatives. The Courier reported on 12 November 1896 that "Mrs. Young,
the mother of T.J. and Jerry Young, died last Saturday night."
Therefore, from all the above evidence, I think we can definitely
say that Amaziah Young was a son of Rufus K Young and Rebecca Young.
If you want the biographies of Buckner and Rufus for other
information, contact John E Young.
Submitted by: John E Young


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text:
By Teresa M. on May 16, 2018
A recent study has shown that humans experience 27 different emotions! From admiration to sexual desire, our feelings lead us through life more than we could imagine. However, everyone has that one emotion that pops out and overrules all the others! Which of your emotions leads you? Sharing the juicy details of your lifestyle, your personality, and the way you handle yourself in various situations will allow us to point it out!
As we go through our days, we experience a range of emotions, but there's one default emotion that dictates how we respond to most everything in life! Whether you are more joyous than pessimistic depends on a lot of things. From your life experiences to your nature or nurture, our emotions are both gut response and the conditioning we've experienced! Answering the questions presented in this quiz will either rile you up or make you giggle. It all depends on the emotion that leads you through your life!
Before you get started, take a deep breath and center yourself. Read the question, and then respond with the answer truest to your everyday behavior. Once we know you better than your best friend, we'll let you know which emotion leads you!


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ERIC Number: ED050928
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1968
Pages: 205
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: N/A
The Third International Reading Symposium: Today's Child and Learning to Read.
Downing, John; Brown, Amy L.
The symposium theme of "Today's Child and Learning to Read" provides the focal point for the 12 papers included in this volume. Each is concerned with an individual area of reading and the relevance of that area to the needs of today's students. Nearly half the articles deal with specific current approaches to reading instruction and their usefulness with students. They include the linguistic approach, phonetic color reading, i.t.a., and programed reading. A second segment primarily treats the teacher's role and responsibilities in the instructional and testing process. Early reading, teaching the socially disadvantaged, thinking skill instruction, and readability measures are discussed, as well as specific kinds of reading tests and their function. Tables and references are included. (RW)
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Cognitive Processes, Conference Reports, Disadvantaged, Early Reading, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Linguistics, Programed Instructional Materials, Psycholinguistics, Readability, Reading Difficulty, Reading Instruction, Reading Tests, Student Needs, Teacher Education, Teaching Methods
Cassell & Company Ltd; 35 Red Lion Square, London WC1, England
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: N/A
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A


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Do you have fun creative plans for 2016? Are you trying something new or sticking with your tried and true craft? As you all probably already know, I like crocheting the best. It's my 'go-to' craft because I've been doing it so long it's 2nd nature to me. But I also want to learn something […]Read More
Posts tagged Continental knitting
Learing new things
I've been knitting and crocheting since I was in my teens, my mom taught me. I've always taken to crocheting more than knitting, knitting just seems so much more involved and hard at times. Then I hurt my shoulder when we still lived in Illinois, and knitting really aggravated it, so I've stuck strictly to […]Read More


text:
OMNIE. The whole house system.
About OMNIE
OMNIE - the whole house system.
OMNIE products work together to improve your health and well-being, creating a comfortable and healthy living space, whilst also helping the environment and reducing the running costs of your home.
The complimentary heating and ventilation technologies integrate into a single whole house system with controls that manage all the technologies together in a simple intuitive way.
Underfloor Heating + Ventilation & Heat Recovery + Heat Pumps & Renewables + Controls


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Tim Duggan's USPRO Road Race winning power file - another look.
I had to take a closer look for myself after watching on the edge of my seat! Tim's file was originally published on Velo News by Tim's "Power Advisor" Jon Tarkington. I only wish USA Cycling could do as good a job covering the race as Tim and Jon did preparing!
Tim Duggan replicated (well in fact exceeded) his early race workload at the end of a 4+H race. That is the number one point that immediately jumped right out at me. That is hard to do! And takes a very well balanced athlete with multiple skills. At 60kg (132lb) you would think Tim is only good at climbing. This file proves he has a very deep tool chest to call upon. I caught up with Jon Tarkington of Fast Cat Coaching for a further look at this amazing race winning day.
At first glance his umbers are not amazing but remember he weighs only 60kg!! Power to weight folks! It's the name of the game. Early on when the race selection was being made and the big split came Tim had to play along with all the attacks showing us pretty high Variability (on and off the gas) along with excellent tactical sense. His wattage peaks were the highest of the race but the overall avg (280w) in the fist 21k were not anything radically hard. Through out the race you can see Tim is almost in a tempo pace accept of course the Paris Mt. climb itself. For the first three times up Paris Mt. Tim was going hard (about 5.1w/kg) for the approx 10min climb which is by my estimate 100% of his FTP or slightly over. 10min at FTP is sustainable for a guy who could feasibly hold that same effort for nearly 1H (the definition of FTP wattage). Lap 4, the penultimate climb, he blows it wide open to 6.4 w/kg for 10 min!!! 1 full watt more than the previous climbs. Try that next time you go out on your favorite Strava PB! 6.4 is on par with the best in the world and could place Tim on a Tour team.
Coming to the end (Tim's race wining 21k solo TT) he actually exceeded his early race avg to hit 305w avg for 20k. If you take a moment and consider that he's going better at the end of 4H race than when he began you get a feel for his superior condition and fitness. Most power files are what I call downward sloping to the right, that is: The highest numbers are early on (to the left) with the lower numbers later in the file (to the right). When you fist look at Tim's file it's evident he had more in the tank and that a 4:18H race is not his limit. Again, he obviously had trained well beyond this distance. If you look back at the weeks leading up to UPSPO Tim spent hours, day in and day out on the front at Tour of California. For 7 days Tim was riding on his limit puling the field around and still managing to give his teammate Pete Sagan lead out support to 5 stage wins. That kind of effort caught my eye big time. You don't see that very much, that a guy can do a hugh work load and still have speed at the end of a long day.
Tim's advisor Jon Tarkington points out that him CTL (Chronic Training Load) was 154 with a TSB (Training Stress Balance) of positive 39. I won't get too into what these measurements mean but know
that a CTL of 154 is extremely high and represents a HUGE training load placed on the athlete, well beyond what most of us call allot. A positive TSB of 39 shows that Tim was well rested coming into
this race. So... the formula is spelled out for you right there; Overload yourself in training or racing, rest, and you will likely have some amazing form. No it's not that simply put, there are many
other factors to monitor, but that's the general blueprint to arrive on form at your target event. Well done Tim and Jon!
For more info or questions feel free to contact Jon directly at Fast Cat Coaching here in Boulder.
All for now!
Coach Russ
International Cross Racer Amy Dombroski - Athlete Profile coming soon...


text:
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February 01, 2017
March 15, 2015
The Carpetbaggers (1964) Trailer
The Carpetbaggers
It is unlikely that you will experience in a lifetime all that you will see in... THE CARPETBAGGERS.
The Carpetbaggers is a 1964 American film directed by Edward Dmytryk, based upon the best-selling novel The Carpetbaggers by Harold Robbins, and starring George Peppard as Jonas Cord, a character based loosely on Howard Hughes, and Alan Ladd - in his last role - as Nevada Smith, a former western gunslinger turned actor.
Watch the Trailer!
Harold Robbins' tale of the ruthless men and beautiful women who shaped Hollywood. Harold Robbins' best seller about '30s Hollywood comes to the screen in a torrent of frank, controversial and (for the times) sensational scenes that helped break the Production Code.
February 26, 2015
Swing Kids (1993) Trailer
Swing Kids
They fought for the freedom that bound them together.
Swing Kids is a 1993 American musical drama film directed by Thomas Carter and starring Christian Bale, Robert Sean Leonard and Frank Whaley.
Watch the Trailer!
January 14, 2015
Despair (1978) Trailer
Despair is a 1978 film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring Dirk Bogarde, based on the novel of the same name by Vladimir Nabokov.
Watch the Trailer!
Hermann Hermann is a successful entrepreneur in the 1930s Germany. As the Nazis gradually rise to power, Hermann, who is a Russian émigré, becomes increasingly frightened and mentally unstable. His attempts at leaving the country are accompanied by symptoms of madness, the most vivid being his belief that he found his exact double, although the person in question differs from him in every respect. He creates an elaborate plan that would allow him to flee to Switzerland, but it soon becomes unclear whether his voyage leads him to a neutral country or merely allows him to take refuge in his madness.
November 16, 2014
The Magnificent Yankee (1950) Trailer
The Magnificent Yankee
The Magnificent Yankee is a 1950 American biographical film adapted by Emmet Lavery from his play of the same title, which was in turn adapted from the book Mr. Justice Holmes by Francis Biddle.
Watch the Promo!
Biography of celebrated American jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes.
September 19, 2014
Kansas City (1996) Trailer
August 11, 2014
Public Enemies (2009) Trailer
August 03, 2014
The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca (1996) Scene
Posted by John Trampat 8:08 AM
Labels: 1930s,1990s,1996,Andy Garcia,Biography,Drama,Esai Morales,Ian Gibson,investigation,journalist,Marcos Zurinaga,Mystery,Naím Thomas,poet,spanish civil war,The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca,Thriller
March 18, 2014
November 18, 2013
The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) Trailer
September 07, 2013
The Rocketeer (1991) Trailer
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CROMWELL — Bolts of lightning touched off fires at a house on Main Street and a garage on Grove Road on Friday afternoon.
Both buildings were badly damaged. The storm also flooded streets and blew down branches and trees.
About 5 p.m., 18-year-old Tracy Harris went out on her family's front porch at 27 Grove Road to take pictures of the fury.


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Former Special Adviser to President Goodluck Jonathan on digital media, Reno Omokri has lambasted the post-vacation inaugural address of President Muhammad Buhari, calling it a "hypocritical broadcast."
Omokri was enraged by the lack of depth in the President's speech, implying it was just a prepared meaningless text.
He blasted the President for failing to disclose how much his medical vacation cost to Nigerians.
"The father of inflammatory comments gives a broadcast warning against, you guessed right, inflammatory comments! What a hypocritical broadcast! What a waste of five minutes of my time," He said.
"Instead of sermonizing, he should have told us how much of our money he has spent on his health! Can you imagine the President of America using America's money to treat himself yet refusing to tell America how much of their money he spent?
"Think of this the next time you criticize Donald J. Trump. For good measure, you should also look at your hypocritical face in the mirror because the reflection you see is one of the problems of Nigeria.
"Ex President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Freedom of Information Act into law on May 28, 2011. Until the APC repeal that law, Nigerians have a RIGHT to know how much of our money was spent on President Muhammadu Buhari's health!" He said.


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WordPress SEO Framework Admin Description Settings helps you to configure and understand the admin description settings found on the admin sidebar.
Last Updated: September 4, 2017
In this post you will learn more about the plugins admin Description settings. This area controls the description that is displayed when someone carries out a search using a search engine like Google. It is important to decide whether or not you want a title next to the description and the website title as well. It is relatively easy to configure the description settings using this plugin.
WordPress SEO Framework Admin Description Settings Steps
Step 1 ) The following image Description Meta Settings allows you to set up the following settings.
- General
- Additions
- You can also select the Description Excerpt Separator = by default the plugin highlights the two recommended separators the dash – and or the ampersand |. You can select any of the other separators but it is not recommended.
Note: In the upcoming version 2.7.1 the recommended separators will no longer be marked as "recommended". This is because the description does not need to support old browsers or old screen readers. (Quoted by Sybre Waaijer)
Step 2 ) The following image Additions allows you to select the following options. The image below shows you only the description without the extra description additions and blogname because both options are not enabled.
- Add Additions to automated description?
- Add Blogname to automated description additions?
Step 3 ) The following image displays both options added to the Description when you enable both options.
Note: If you don't select Add Additions to automated description? first, even if you select the following Add Blogname to automated description additions? it will not be displayed.
The settings above control and are important in the way the description appears in search engines like Google.
Click on the following URL Sitemap to learn more.
I will be adding more information soon. So keep coming back for the latest. If you have any questions please let me know.
The SEO Framework Plugin Tutorial List:


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NC man accused of soliciting undercover officer to kill ex-wife
NC man accused of soliciting undercover officer to kill ex-wife
A North Carolina man was arrested on suspicion of trying to hire an undercover North Carolina officer to kill his ex-wife.
Darrell Lee Melton, 47, of Fletcher, was arrested Tuesday, sister station WYFF reported. Melton was charged with solicitation of another to commit a felony and had his bond set at $50,000 secured.
Transylvania County deputies said they received information on Jan. 27 that Melton may be trying to hire someone to harm his ex-wife. Deputies allege that, during an undercover operation Thursday, Melton solicited an undercover officer to murder his ex-wife.
Melton was arrested immediately after the undercover operation, deputies said.


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Thank You, 2008
Mercer Race Night
28 November 2008
A huge Thank You to Aislinn Geraghty and all involved at the Mercer Social Fund for organising a race-night recently in support of Brainwave's work. A fantastic €3,200 was raised on the night through the work of the organising committee, pictured below. From left to right are: John White, John Pender, Aislinn Geraghty, Michelle Boyle and Enda Walsh.


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The Dbmier A4 LED Ultra-Thin Light Tracer
The build quality is great and the size of it is amazing. It's thin, light, very easy to handle, and takes up hardly any space at all, and yet is solid and won't bend. But the best part about this is the quality of the light area itself. There are three levels of brightness and the light is well balanced around the whole area, no dark, blotchy patches anywhere.
I highly recommend this to anyone looking for a lightbox.
I got mine from: http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B00VUTIGPG?


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This is the role-playing wiki for the Young Justice television universe, as well as all other DC television or comics properties. This role play takes place approximately 30 years after the series, so that all the characters from the show are no longer at Mount Justice, being somewhere around 40+, the current year being 2045. As this is a role-playing wiki you can play as a member of Young Justice, a Justice League member, a villain, or a number of other varied characters. You may join missions as any one of these and feel free to participate in a number of fun activities we have waiting. Before you begin and enter the team's world please read our Getting Started Guide here, and then proceed to role-play as your character, engage the community in discussion, or assist in improving the site in a number of ways. If you have any questions please feel free to contact a Wolf Pack Member or Administrator.
See announcements.....
- Dick Grayson won the hero of the month for June 2013, voting will be up soon.
- We need more missions! This is a reminder to finish all missions so far, and start new ones.
- I am trying to get an affiliation with CHBRPW, and also to get us on wiki spotlight. Thank you.
- User:Mo2damo is now working on the Wiki Improvement Project, a project to improve our wikis quality. Any help would be wonderful.
- User:TheThing12 and User:Mo2damo won the Prank of the Month Award for their badass "Fake Anger, Fake Suicide" Prank on User:The Lovely Dove.
|Batman won the Hero of the Month competition for October 2012.
User: Thing
Name: Betis(Mamba)Forthing
Age: 17
Powers: Snake Abilities
Personality: He is a layed back and slightly lazy guy usually but carries a bit of Viciousness in him from his Snake DNA.He has the sense of protection and fighting.He is also somewhat a flirt and is a reliable partner and friend.
Powers: If he is able to touch your blood then you get instantly poisoned Enhanced Flexibility Enhanced Reflexes His Skin is scaled which gives him a defensive bonus He can shed his Skin once a day if he takes too much damage. Doesn't take Shock damage and Fire and Ice powers are decreased when hitting him due to his Cold blood. He can do something called a "Snake Rage" where he uses most of his Snake insticts to help him fight.
History: Betis lived a strange life.Both of his Parents were Mad Scientist who experimented with Animal/Human DNA crossing.Betis hated his parents they spent too much time with their studies than him.When he turned 14 they finally fiqured out how to cross DNA correctly and they both looked at Betis and his Pet Snake for their Experiment.They crossed his DNA with his Snake and the second he got out,he killed them.He ran in the streets learning new abilities within him.He grew Skin colored Scales and Venom sacks formed in his fingers.He got slits in his eyes and his eyes went Toxic Purple instead of Brown and he became extremely flexible with great reflexes..He later joined the Fox Gang when he turned 15 while looking for somewhere to go with the Alias of Mamba.Later he decided to leave the Fox Gang and join Lennox Chase as his apprentice.
Template:Feature Camper Demigod Contest Winner
Visit Jackson Reed, a hero and the den mother!


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Last Thursday, the School's PTA ran its Christmas Bizarre.
Along with many stalls, tom-bolas and raffles, our Year 5/6 children ran their own stalls to raise money for the school. Each group was given a budget of £12 and had to work together to create and promote a product or service that they could sell at the Bizarre with the aim of making a profit.
Mr Warren said :
All the children were enthusiastic, worked really well together and each made a great contribution to the project. It really highlighted how resourceful our children can be.
Many thanks to both Miss Hodgson, Mrs McVeigh and Mrs Wareham for facilitating the fabulous activity.


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Basil Al-Rawi is a visual artist whose practice is concerned with how art can mediate, rearrange and reconstruct our reality. His works directly respond to the surrounding environment, often using the landscapes of memory and current social and economic traumas as a starting point. Photography, film, animation and sculpture are his primary mediums. He is a cinematography graduate of the National Film School at IADT and holds an MA in photographic studies from the University of Westminster. In 2012 he was selected for Axisweb's MAstars programme for his photographic project Façade. He was selected for Fresh Faced + Wild Eyed at The Photographers Gallery in 2013 and has also exhibited at the Institute of International Visual Arts (London), Foundation 14 and 15 (Tullamore), IMMA, Rua Red and Steambox (Dublin) and the Ballarat International Foto Biennale (Australia), as well as several online galleries. He has been published internationally in Der Greif, Beta Magazine and Imago Mundi, amongst others, and his work is held in private collections in Dublin and London. In addition to his artistic practice, Basil is an accomplished cinematographer who has worked on numerous short and feature narrative, documentary and art films.
info [at] basilalrawi.com
Regarding the Hispanic World, Photo Ireland Festival, Instituto Cervantes, Dublin. May 2 – June 29.
Winter Open, Rua Red Tallaght. Nov 7 – Dec 23
Foundation 15, Tullamore, Sept 10 – 25
IMMA, Dublin, Sept 10 – 25
Steambox, IMOCA, Dublin, Sept 10 – 20
Roller Gallery, Online, UK. www.rollergallery.co.uk
Foundation 14, Tullamore, Co. Offaly. 15-28th September
On Borrowed Time(s), INIVA, London, 25th March – 12th April
Ballarat International Foto Biennale, Australia. 15 Aug – 17 Sep.
Fresh Faced Wild Eyed, The Photographer's Gallery, London, UK. July 9 – 21
State of the Nation, 6th Annual Westphoto Photography Prize. Newport, Belfast & Edinburgh, UK.
State of the Nation, 6th Annual Westphoto Photography Prize. Ambika P3, London, UK.
Voice of the Grain, MA Graduate show. Ambika P3, London, UK.
MAPS Interim Show, London Gallery West, Harrow, UK.
Unreal City, PhotoIreland Festival. Dublin, Ireland.
Fresh Faced Wild Eyed, The Photographer's Gallery, London, UK. Winner.
Der Greif – Artist Feature, December 2012.
State of the Nation, 6th Annual Westphoto Prize, London, UK. Audience Award winner.
MAstars, www.axisweb.org – selected.
Sep 2014 – SOI Publications. (Canada)
Feb 2014 – YCN Annual. (UK)
April 2013 – Beta Magazine. Issue 4. (Australia)
Mar 2013 – ToneLit , Issue 1.(UK)
Mar 2013 – LandEscape Art Review (USA)
Jan 2013 – Der Spiegel, online. (DEU)
Nov 2012 – Der Greif Magazine, Issue 6. (DEU)


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- If you are a food organisation (whether community-led, social enterprise, business, charity, etc.), explore research that could benefit your work, identify opportunities for future collaborations, and work with researchers to drive positive social change.
- If you are a researcher, explore how to improve your research impact, network and develop partnerships with practitioner organisations, and design research that has a social purpose and can deliver real change.
Seminar: Solar panels for Siberia
The Essex Sustainability Institute's Seminar Series,Sustainability Contested, continues in 2013 at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. All are welcome, please spread the word!
Attendance is free, but prior registration is required. Please register by clicking here.
Solar panel project for the Lower Kolyma region of the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russia; a four year collaboration.
Chris Madine, Arklerton Trust
19th February 2013, Room Room TC.1.10, from 12:30 – 14:00
Abstract: This presentation will describe the events which have unfolded in the attempt to train two candidates from Siberian communities to become solar engineers. The training is devised and conducted by the Barefoot College, an organization based in India which is primarily involved in rural development. The training process lasts a period of six months and is designed to result in a candidate becoming fully proficient in the construction and maintenance of their community's own solar powered light project. The aim of this venture was to take solar light technology to the nomadic reindeer herders of the Chukchi Nation (Turvaurgin and Nutendli communities) located in the Lower Kolyma region of the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russia.
Biography: Chris is currently working as a Consultant Ecologist in the North East of England. He also works closely with the Arkleton Trust. The Trust is a research group, which, founded in 1977, has the aim of 'studying new approaches to rural development and education' and 'improving understanding between rural policy makers, academics, practitioners and rural people'.
Seminar: Separating Indigenous Peoples From Their Lands: The Ethnocidal Effects of Recent Canadian Land Claims Agreements
The Essex Sustainability Institute's Seminar Series,Sustainability Contested, continues in 2013 at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. All are welcome, and attendance is free! Please spread the word!
Our next seminar is on the 23rd of January 2013, at 16:00 in Room 5N.7.23. Please note that the event will be free but prior registration is required. To register, please click here.
Separating Indigenous Peoples From Their Lands: The Ethnocidal Effects of Recent Canadian Land Claims Agreements
This presentation examines Canadian land claims policy and interprets it as a means to diminish the cultural distinctiveness and social cohesion of Aboriginal peoples by requiring that they release most of their land to Canada and participate in resource extraction joint ventures. The recent Innu Nation land claims agreement called Tshash Petapen ('New Dawn') will be analyzed in terms of (1) the social and political conditions in which the Innu negotiate, especially high rates of social dysfunction, alcoholism, and substance abuse (2) the provisos in agreements aimed at cultivating acquisitive individualism within a neoliberal economic framework, (3) the effects on Aboriginal social cohesion and relationships to the land, and (4) the legal result of such agreements, which is to extinguish indigenous ownership of lands and abolish any claims Aboriginal peoples can make against Canada for the violation of their rights.
Professor Colin Samson is a member of International Fact Finding Mission on land rights of Innu of Matimekush, Quebec, a delegate to the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations for the Innu Council of Nitassinan, Geneva, 19-23 July 2004 and a founding member of the Assembly of Indigenous Peoples, an organization seeking to link hunting and pastoralist peoples, Arusha, Tanzania. He is also the author of A Way of Life That Does Not Exist: Canada and the Extinguishment of the Innu.
If you would like to meet the speaker on the day, please email Bryony Pound, at balpou (at) essex.ac.uk.
Call for papers: New Perspectives on International Development: The Role of the Extractive Industries
Call for papers: New Perspectives on International Development: The Role of the Extractive Industries
The term 'extractivism' refers to the extraction of minerals, oil and gas that are destined for international markets. It is part and parcel of the hegemony of development (Giarraca, 2007; Böhm and Brei, 2008), often leading to relations of dependency between providers and users of resources (Misoczky, 2011).
In Latin America, Africa and Asia extractivism has been in place since colonial times, as capitalism has always been dependent on extractive economic activities (Galeano, 1997). Whether in the silver mines of Potosi, the gold mines of South Africa or the vast coal mines in Australia, colonial modes of extraction ensured that the colonies provided raw materials, cheap energy and food to the colonizers enabling the latter to accumulate capital and fuel their development. Colonialism was a structural instrument for the uneven appropriation and consumption of the world's resources. Colonial modes of extraction had immense social, economic and environmental impacts. For example, Indigenous peoples and other colonized subjects were used as slave labour that generated much of the wealth in Europe but resulted in death and dispossession of the people that produced the wealth. Extractivism also had devastating environmental impacts, destroying livelihoods and poisoning the land, lakes and rivers that were the source of sustenance for Indigenous peoples (Gedicks, 1993; Banerjee, 2000).
The end of direct colonialism and the emergence of new nation states that were former colonies marked a significant shift in post-colonial relations. The extractive model of development has generally remained intact, even intensified, as former colonies found themselves locked into the development discourse of global neo-liberal capitalism (Banerjee, 2011; Misoczky, 2011). 'Emerging economies', such as China, India and Brazil, require seemingly endless supplies of raw materials to 'develop'. Hence, the majority of Latin American countries, for example, have been specializing in raw commodities exports, as shown by the increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in natural resources, which reached 43% in 2010 (ECLAC, 2011). Extractivism has recently been reconfigured into what can be called 'neo-extractivism', referring to policies that strengthen the role of the State in the exploitation and ownership of resources (Gudynas, 2010), a development that has gained momentum in large parts of the 'developing world'.
The renewed emphasis on extractivism is not only a phenomenon of the South, however, but is a global phenomenon. In Canada, for example, many communities are opposing the privileged access mining and oil companies have to the land and questioning the assumption that extractivism is the best and most profitable use of land and guarantee for development (see www.miningwatch.ca). In many parts of Europe mining and new forms of oil and gas drilling are expanding at an unprecedented scale and pace (FoE, 2012).
Regardless of location, extractivism is generally controlled by large transnational corporations. The state is also a key player in the political economy of extractivism by creating the conditions that enable corporations to accumulate wealth. As a consequence, economic enclosures are implemented within sovereign states, as spaces for the provision of natural resources needed for the endless process of capital accumulation. Resource rich but cash poor and indebted states have been 'structurally adjusted' by supranational institutions like the World Bank and IMF as well as regional development banks to open up pristine forests for resource extraction. Transnational capital in the form of multinational corporations and national governments organizes the 'legitimate' violence of the state to forcibly relocate Indigenous and rural communities in order to extract surplus from their land (Banerjee, 2011). Extractivism is a form of internal colonialism managed by elites of the former colonies operating under the structural power of supranational institutions like the World Trade Organization, World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Consequences for communities facing the brunt of development have been devastating whereby extractive industries have inevitably led to social dislocation, environmental destruction and loss of livelihoods (Bebbington et al., 2008; Böhm and Brei, 2008).
However, extractivism has not gone unchallenged. Anti-mining protests across the developing and developed world are on the rise (www.miningwatch.ca). These resistance movements involve a diversity of actors including community groups, local activists, domestic and international non-governmental organizations (Spicer and Böhm, 2007). Corporations that are the targets for these protest movements are by no means passive actors and use a variety of strategies to counter resistance. Ironically, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the weapon of choice where corporations highlight their 'sustainability' and 'citizenship' credentials to obscure their role in extractivism (Mutti et al, 2011; Kapelus, 2002).
We call for papers that critically engage with the history and contemporary faces of the extractive model of capitalist development, exploring the following possible themes (amongst others):
- Mapping the (history and contemporary face of) extractive industries and (neo)colonial development in South and North;
- CSR strategies of extractive industries
- Governance arrangements used by the extractive industries and other mega-development projects
- The organization of resistance to the extractive industries and mega-development projects by social movements, NGOs and other civil society groups;
- The role of FDI contracts and international law;
- The relationship between the extractive industries and other mega-development projects;
- The role of global financial institutions and development agencies as well as the role of the cooperation with NGOs and governments supporting the expansion of mega-development projects;
- Global commodities chains: extraction, production and consumption in the international division of labour;
- Articulations of alternatives to the models of extractivism and mega-development
To respond to this call:
Please send abstracts, of a maximum of 500 words, on A4 paper, single spaced, 12 point font to Steffen Boehm: email@example.com by 31st January 2013.
Your abstract should include:
- Title
- The focus, aims and objectives of the paper
- The research evidence base underpinning the paper
- How the paper will contribute to the theme
Notification of paper acceptance: 22nd February 2013
Full papers will be expected by 1st May 2013
We look forward to hearing from you, and any questions in the meantime should be addressed to Steffen Boehm
Seminar: Stakeholder participation – keys to success
The Essex Sustainability Institute's Seminar Series, Sustainability Contested, continues in 2013 at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. All are welcome, and attendance is free! Please spread the word!
Our next seminar is on the 15th of January 2013, at 12:30pm in Room TC 1.10.
Please note that the event will be free but prior registration is required. To register, please click here.
Stakeholder Participation: Keys to success
Diana Pound, Dialogue Matters ltd.
Stakeholder dialogue is regarded as a best practice approach to stakeholder participation. It can be applied in any situation where people with different interests and knowledge need to work together to find a way forward. This includes achieving research impact via participatory knowledge exchange, involving stakeholders in the management of the environment and using participation as a tool for team decision making. It has an emphasis on process design and uses facilitation methods that help people shift from positional behavior to cooperative and creative negotiation. Practitioners are guided by key concepts, design principles and ethics. This presentation will: explain some of these concepts, describe keys to success, and refer to cases that show this approach works.
Diana Pound founded Dialogue Matters in 2000 to transform the way people work together around the management and use of the natural environment. She champions good practice, speaking at national and international conferences and has designed over 70 stakeholder dialogue/consensus building processes, facilitated more than 100 workshops and trained over 900 people in good practice. Her work includes helping communities solve local challenges, stakeholders agree plans, researchers share knowledge, and international organisations including UN Conventions, develop guidance or policies. Diana recently developed a course to help researchers achieve research impact with end users through knowledge exchange. She has also been an IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Commissioner since 2004.
If you would like to meet the speaker on the day, please email Bryony Pound, at balpou (at) essex.ac.uk.
Food in Transition: Call for Workshop Participants
A collaborative workshop of the Transition Research Network, Essex Sustainability Institute, Participatory and Rural Geographies Research Groups.
University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex
Wed 6th Feb 2013, 12 noon – 6pm (followed by dinner)
Are you:
- Working or seeking to work, on local food initiatives where you live?
- A grower or producer who supplies, or would like to supply locally, and support the work of community food initiatives?
- Involved in academic research on local food systems, and seeking to maximise its practical value by collaborating directly with community groups, growers and producers?
If so, please join us and help develop a new agenda for local food practice, research and policy. We will use inclusive facilitation techniques to ensure the meeting is dynamic and makes the most of what all participants have to offer. The event is open to everyone interested in contributing to this theme. Attendance is free but by registration only. Travel and accommodation support is are available and will be allocated based on income and a simple email application.
Please spread the word, and feel free to circulate the attached flier.
For registration and bursary applications: Send an email to Prof. Steffen Boehm (steffen at essex.ac.uk) by 21st December 2012 with:
- Your name and location
- The name of the initiative you wish to represent (where relevant)
- A few lines to tell us about your key relevant experience and why you wish to attend
- An indication of whether you would like to apply for a travel bursary to enable you to attend.
We will then get back to you with a link to our registration page. The deadline for registration is 14th January 2012.
The Transition Research Network is a self-organising group of academics and community activists. See: www.transitionresearchnetwork.org
Seminar: Neoliberalism, Socionature and Water Problems: The Multiple Scarcities of Lima, Peru
The Essex Sustainability Institute is hosting a new seminar series, Sustainability Contested, at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. All are welcome, and attendance is free! Please spread the word! If you would like to meet the speakers on the day, please email Bryony Pound, at balpou (at) essex.ac.uk. The final seminar for the Autumn term is on the 4th of December, 12:30 – 2pm, Room 5N.3.2.
Abstract: The presentation will discuss the failures of water services and the growing scarcity of water in Lima, the capital of Peru. Institutional reforms and large-scale investments in the water sector in the city have been strongly influenced in recent decades by wider economic adjustments and the reconfiguration of the national state. The modernization of the water sector is described as a multifaceted, highly idiosyncratic phenomenon that depends on three interrelated processes: techno-environmental improvements, the marketization of water management and the search for political legitimacy. A condition of water scarcity goes beyond the physical insufficiency of resources, but vividly contains the inadequacy of social institutions responsible for the allocation and use of water. Scarcity is never a single phenomenon but develops into unavoidably associations with other manifestations of shortage and deprivation. The multiple features of scarcity are not only interconnected, but are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.
Water reforms represent a privileged entry point into the kaleidoscopic interlinkages that constitute the socio-politics of the city. Based on three case study areas in Lima (Pachacútec, Huaycán and Villa El Salvador), the interconnection between investments, selective abundances and persistent scarcities will be examined. The presentation will examine why the inversion of money and technology in the water sector in the last two decades has failed to offer a solution to the metabolism of scarcity. Although the modernisation of water services has been based on fleeting investments and on the business-like management of the public utility and of alternative water systems (e.g. micro-credit schemes), the responses to water problems remain centred on the appropriation of scarcity as a key productive force. In the end, the material and symbolic production of scarcity in the Latin American metropolis continues to be predicated upon practices of spatial exclusion and social discrimination.
Overall, the complexity of the institutional reforms in Lima suggests that the metropolitan water sector has travelled a long journey since the introduction of a new regulatory apparatus and calls for environmental governance promoted by multilateral agencies in the 1990s. Successive programmes have included a discourse of public participation, environmental sustainability and even social justice, but also incorporated incentives for the circulation of capital and the maximisation of private profits. In that sense, the case study of Lima intensely encapsulates the growing sophistication of water reform strategies, but also represents a relevant illustration of the intricate urban policies adopted in recent years. Substantial sums of money have been invested in infrastructure and management – which has attracted more international operators than the company can actually handle – while less attention has been dedicated to creating specific solutions to the concrete reality of water problems in different parts of Lima. The insufficiencies and contradictions of the water governance initiatives are becoming increasingly more evident and the allocation and use of water in Lima remain highly contested. Genuine alternatives will require further efforts in terms of public engagement and shared decision-making, as well as reforms in urban policies and the promotion of a more equitable basis of national development.
Antonio Ioris is Lecturer in Environment and Society at the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh. His main academic interests are related to the political ecology of water policy-making and urban water management, with an emphasis on multiscale conflicts over the allocation and use of natural resources. Recent publications cover empirical work done in Portugal, Brazil, Peru, and Great Britain on the implementation of water institutional reforms, the politico-institutional dimension of climate change, and the influence of economic development demands in the expansion of water services. Recent and ongoing research projects include the reform of the water industry in Lima (Peru), the search for environmental justice in the Glasgow area, climate change and institutional weaknesses in the Paraguay River Basin (South America), integration of water management and agriculture systems, the adoption of digital technologies for the communication of hydrological data and the interface between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in Brazilian and Bolivian sections of the Amazon River Basin. He is the editor of the book "Tropical Wetland Management", published in 2102 by Ashgate.
Rafael Kruter Flores is a PhD Student in Administration at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. He is currently based at the University of Essex for a three month period, working under the supervision of Professor Steffen Böhm. His PhD thesis focuses on contemporary theoretical approaches and the contributions of Marxism to understanding the political economy of water. He is a member of the Organization and Liberation Praxis research group, based at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and has published the group's first book, which has the same name. His research interests are water property and social struggles; mining and corporate practices in Latin America; political economies of management and organization; organization of resistance and social movements.
Seminar: The Lies of the Land? Foxhunting, Landscape Policy and the Cultural Appropriation of Space
The Essex Sustainability Institute is hosting a new seminar series, Sustainability Contested, at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. All are welcome, and attendance is free! Please spread the word! If you would like to meet the speaker on the day, please email Bryony Pound, at balpou (at) essex.ac.uk.
Our next scheduled seminar is on the 29th of November, at 12:30pm in Room TC 2.10.
The Lies of the Land? Foxhunting, Landscape Policy and the Cultural Appropriation of Space.
Alison Acton
Abstract: In 2007 the UK Government adopted the European Landscape Convention (ELC).[1] In doing so it became bound to recognise the significance of spaces as more than physical regions; they were also to be regarded as dynamic, living landscapes, characterised by distinctive and diverse identities. However, my analysis of foxhunting culture and spatial identity indicated that local landscape assessments, designed to implement the ELC, removed foxhunting from the English countryside. This is despite the fact that foxhunting has a distinctive, long-standing and fecund physical and social presence in the land.
In practice, policies, which are designed to implement the aims of the ELC and purport to embrace its ethos, actually have a tendency to frame space selectively. They contribute to an appropriation of the landscape and represent a form of bureaucratic colonialism. The ELC claims to incorporate inclusiveness, bottom up involvement and local empowerment. However, in practice, selective representations of the environment wrest power from places and from those who create and give meaning to them. This paper warns that this precedent represents a danger for our cultural and physical environment.
[1] The ELC was signed and ratified by the UK Government in 2006 and became binding in 2007.
Essex Sustainability Institute Seminars: Autumn 2012 Schedule
We're excited to be able to share the final seminar programme for the Essex Sustainability Institute seminars scheduled for Autumn 2012. The seminars are free to attend, and are open to staff and students at the University of Essex as well as members of the public from outside the University. Just turn up! If you would like to meet with the speakers, please contact Zareen Bharucha at zpbhar at essex.ac.uk. Attached to this post is a flier you can download and print if you would like! A guide to campus room numbering can be found here.
26th October 2012 / 12:30 – 14:00 / Room 5S.4.11: Sarah White, University of Bath: Wellbeing and Poverty in Marginalised Communities: Zambia and India Compared.
6th November 2012 / 12:30 – 14:00 / Room 5N.3.2: Idlan Zakaria, University of Essex: Corporate Environmental Reporting: What We Know, What We Don't Know and What We Want to Know
13th November2012 / 12:30 – 14:00 / Room 5N.3.2: John Burton, World Land Trust: The World Land Trust: International conservation and the human element.
19th November 2012 / 13:30 – 17:00 / Room 5N.3.2: Joint seminar with the Essex Business School: Corporate approaches to sustainability and responsibility: Cases, Challenges, Contradictions
29th November 2012 / 12:30 – 14:00 / Room TC2.10: Alison Acton, (alum, University of Essex): The Lies of the Land? Foxhunting, Landscape Policy and the Cultural Appropriation of Space
4th December 2012 / 12:30 – 14:00 / Room 5N.3.2: Antonio Ioris (University of Edinburgh) with Rafael Kruter Flores (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul): Neoliberalism, Socionature and WaMain Programme – Autumn 2012ter Problems: The Multiple Scarcities of Lima, Peru
Seminar: Wellbeing and Poverty in Marginalised Communities in India and Zambia
The Essex Sustainability Institute is hosting a new seminar series, Sustainability Contested, at the Wivenhoe Park campus. The seminars are open to staff, students and members of the public. The next seminar in the series will be held on the 26th of October 2012, in room 5S.4.11, 12:30 – 14:00 (bring your lunch). All are welcome, and attendance is free! Please spread the word! If you would like to meet the speakers on the day, please email Zareen Bharucha, at zpbhar (at) essex.ac.uk. More on the first seminar below.
Title: Wellbeing and Poverty in Marginalised Communities: Zambia and India compared
Abstract: This paper presents initial findings from ongoing interdisciplinary research into subjective and objective dimensions of wellbeing in two marginalised communities, one in India and one in Zambia. It begins by introducing the research and the model of wellbeing it has developed. It then describes the locations and some basic similarities and differences between them. Initial results are then presented. These give pause for thought to anyone who maintains that wellbeing is a purely individual or psychological matter. Preliminary though the findings are, they clearly point to the fact that economics and politics are critical to people's ability to achieve wellbeing. This is shown both in the salience of structural differences such as wealth and gender/marital status in predicting levels of inner wellbeing, and in the importance of the 'enabling environment': policy and polity, security and insecurity.
Sarah White is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath and Director of Wellbeing and Poverty Pathways, funded by ESRC/DFID, 2010-2013 (www.wellbeingpathways.org). She is a sociologist of international development, who has worked previously on gender, race, child rights and religion, mainly in the context of Bangladesh.


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Once again New Zealand is leading the world.
01 July 2010
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme covers transport fuels from today
It would be remiss of me not to note that from today, 1 July 2010, the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) covers all domestic modes of transport, including aviation, that use liquid fossil fuels.
4 comments:
Exempt on fuel for Int'l flights however! (In accor. w/ Kyoto)
- 3 July 2010 at 14:30:00 GMT+12
Hi John, you seem to be a Man from the Ministry type on aviation.
Is there any active review process on water bottle confiscations at airports, or are travelers doomed to endure this nonsense for ever?
- 14 July 2010 at 17:04:00 GMT+12
- Trinidad Shipping said...
Thanks for the effort you took to expand upon this post so thoroughly. I look forward to future posts.
There are various sea vessels involved in shipping to jamaica. It may include box boats or container ships, bulk carriers, tankers, ferries, cable layers, dredgers and barges.
- 16 July 2010 at 04:15:00 GMT+12
- Trinidad Shipping said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- 16 July 2010 at 04:15:00 GMT+12
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Quick As A Wink Printing Company has been proudly serving the Lima/Allen County area for over 40 years, and since our beginning in 1970 we have been ahead of our competition in offering quick turn around times and friendly, personal service...and our prices are hard to beat...
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Building a Green Roof
Lindum green roofs mats are designed to be easy to install above a waterproof membrane on a roof. They can be self-installed or installed by a roofing contractor.
Lindum green roof mats need to be grown on the growing medium that has been designed specifically for the type of green roof mat. Lindum can supply the correct growing medium for your green roof mat and also a drainage layer if required. Please contact us for details.
Preparation – before your green roof package arrives
- Ensure that the roof is properly waterproofed (preferably using a waterproof membrane) you have installed a drainage layer (if required) and the correct depth of growing medium.
- A minimum depth of 30mm is required for the Sedum Plus Mat, 100mm is recommended for the Lindum Wildflower Mats and the Low Maintenance Grass Mat. Deeper growing medium is recommended where possible to provide optimum conditions for establishment.
When your green roof mat arrives
- The green roof vegetation mats will deteriorate rapidly when stored in a roll, particularly if the weather is warm. Ideally it should be laid within 24 hours of receipt in the summer and 48 hours in the winter.
- If there is any delay in laying it is recommended that the Wildflower Turf is unloaded from the pallets, unrolled and watered immediately.
Laying your green roof mat
- Ideally the green roof mats should be carried out when the weather and soil conditions are suitable. Laying is not recommended in exceptionally dry, wet or frosty weather.
- Simply roll out the green roof mats onto the damp growing medium. Water thoroughly after laying and do not allow the mats to dry out during establishment.
Caring for your green roof
- The first two to three weeks are critical in the establishment of a green roof. Newly laid green roof mats MUST be kept well watered especially during dry periods whilst the roots grow into the growing medium below and become firmly established.
- Do not allow the mats to dry out at any point during the first 4-6 weeks. This can be checked by lifting up a corner of the vegetation mat.
- Once established, Lindum Wildflower Meadow Mat needs very little maintenance. After the plants have shed their seed in the autumn, they just need cutting back and cuttings removed.
Maintaining your green roof
- Once established, the green roof mats require very little maintenance. They are designed to be drought tolerant, however watering during the first spring/summer season is advisable particularly during dry periods. After that there should be no need for irrigation except in extreme prolonged drought.
- Do not fertilise before or after laying vegetation mats. Lindum's vegetation mats perform best in low fertility situations. Fertilising more will only encourage other grasses and weeds to grow.
- The Lindum Wildflower Green Roof Mats require one light cut in late autumn. SedumPlus Green roof Mats will require occasional hand weeding to remove wind-blown seeds and any weeds. Low Maintenance Grass Green Roof Mats if left unmown will need one cut in the autumn and the clippings removed.
- All green roofs must be checked annually to ensure all drainage outlets are clear. This will help to avoid over-saturation of the green roof. Maintenance visits should be carried out at least once a year, and ideally twice a year, for the first two years.


text: Berlin is full of history and culture, as shown by sites such as the Berlin Wall, the Eastside Gallery, the Brandenburger Tor and many more. A city full of life, fabulous food and amazing night life. Calvendo Flipart are poster books, i.e. "books to hang on your wall": Each Flipart contains at least 14 individual pages, featuring pictures and text, and is spiral bound, just like a wall calendar. Flipart poster books are less complicated than posters simply because no frame is needed and also offer more variety since simply turning a page means another image will be displayed. Easy. Or, as we like to call it, Flipart!


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She has been letting her cunt hair grow out for months, and now it is very long. It's time for her to get nice and smooth. She has the razor and cream ready. The sight of her shaved cunt is as hot, as her thick, hairy twat.
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Crow Nation Records
Died. Shuh-shee-ahsh, 68, also known as Curley, a Crow Indian scout, the sole survivor of the Custer massacre,
of cancer of the liver, at the Crow Agency, Mont. He was buried on the Custer Battlefield. [Time Magazine, Jun 4, 1923 - submitted by K. Torp]
NOTE: There is controversy surrounding whether
he was the "sole" survivor or not. View more data on him at our Montana site
©Genealogy Trails