text:
Ephesians - the so called "oldest and best manuscripts" in action.
Hi saints and Bible believers. This is the beginning of a series of comparative studies I will be doing on the small epistle of Ephesians.
There are numerous variant readings found among the so called "oldest and best" manuscripts (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) that today's modern Vatican Versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB are based on. They often disagree with each other; the oldest reading is not always followed, and the Nestle-Aland/UBS critical Greek text itself continues to change from one edition to the next. They are now in their 28th edition and you can bet there will soon be a 29th edition that will change many readings in the epistles. They are already working on it.
The purpose of the following comparative study of the small book of Ephesians is to show the true nature of these so called "oldest and best" manuscripts and the fickle nature of what they like to call the "science" of textual criticism.
We do not have to go far into this little epistle before we run into examples of confusion and contradiction. It begins in the very first verse.
Ephesians 1:1 "Paul, an apostle of JESUS CHRIST by the will of God, to the saints WHICH ARE AT EPHESUS, and to the faithful in Christ Jesus."
The Majority of remaining Greek manuscripts as well as Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus (A) read JESUS CHRIST. However Vaticanus and P46 reverse the name order and have CHRIST JESUS, and so read the NIV, NASB, RSV, ESV and Holman Standard.
The reading of JESUS CHRIST is that found in Wycliffe 1395, Matthew's Bible 1549, Bishops' Bible 1568, Geneva Bible 1587, the NKJV 1982 and of course the King James Bible.
This is obviously not a doctrinal problem, but it does show that the "oldest and best" (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) are not in agreement even with each other. Among the Catholic versions the older Douay-Rheims 1610, Douay 1950 and even the St. Joseph NAB 1970 read JESUS CHRIST, while the New Jerusalem 1985 has CHRIST JESUS.
1:1 "to the saints WHICH ARE AT EPHESUS". Here P46 omits the words "which are"; Sinaiticus correction and A add "to ALL the saints" (nobody followed that reading) and P46 and both the originals of Sinaiticus and Vaticanus omit the words IN EPHESUS, though the words "in Ephesus" are found in the Majority of all Greek manuscripts, A, D, the Old Latin, Syriac Peshitta, Harclean, Coptic Boharic and Sahidic, Gothic and Armenian ancient versions.
Even the NASB, NIV, ESV, RSV keep the reading of "in Ephesus" but the critical Greek text [brackets the words] indicating their doubts as to whether or not this is inspired Scripture. The RSV 1946-1973 actually OMITS these words reading: "to the saints who are faithful in Christ Jesus."
Versions like the NIV, RV and Holman contain footnotes that tell us "Some early manuscripts do not have "in Ephesus" (NIV)
What is interesting about the Catholic versions is that the early Douay-Rheims 1610 and Douay of 1950 both read "to all the saints who are IN EPHESUS", but then the St. Joseph NAB 1970 puts [in Ephesus] in brackets (like the UBS critical text) and so does Dan Wallace's NET version, and the New Jerusalem bible of 1985 entirely OMITS the words "in Ephesus". You never want to be too sure that you really have God's infallible words in your hands, you know;-)
Oh, but wait. The Catholic versions are not done yet. Now in 2009 the Catholic Public Domain Version has come out and it reverts back to BOTH readings found so far in the King James Bible. It reads: "Paul, an Apostle of JESUS CHRIST through the will of God, to all the saints who are AT EPHESUS and to the faithful in Christ Jesus."
Another subtle change is that the previous NIVs of 1973, 1978 and 1984 all followed the Greek word for saints (hagios) and said "to THE SAINTS in Ephesus", but now the NIV 2011 has paraphrased this to read: "to GOD'S HOLY PEOPLE in Ephesus."
None of those words are found in any text at all but it IS the same reading found in the Catholic New Jerusalem bible 1985 - "to God's holy people".
You see, for the Catholics a "saint" is some super Christian that only the Pope can canonize as a "saint". They don't like the idea that the Bible itself refers to ALL Christians, no matter how lowly their station in life, as "saints", and the NIV wants to be popular with Catholics now that it is following the same UBS "interconfessional" Greek text by means of a formal agreement with the Vatican.
Don't believe me? See their own words right out of the Nestle Aland critical Greek text.
Undeniable Proof the ESV, NIV, NASB, Holman Standard, NET etc. are the new "Vatican Versions"
As for the word "saints" you can verify this for yourself. Go to any Bible version site like Bible Gateway.com
and type in the word "saints". The word saints occurs some 102 times in the King James Bible; 96 in the NKJV; 81 times in the ESV and 67 times in the NASB.
However when we come to the NIVs we find that the 1984 NIV edition had the word "saints" in it as a designation for all Christians or believers in the one true God of Israel some 69 times in both the Old and New Testaments. Forty five (45) of these were in the New Testament and 24 in the Old Testament, and 10 times it paraphrased the word "hagios" in the N.T. as "God's holy people".
However now look up how many times the word "saints" occurs in the NIV 2011 edition for both the Old and New Testaments. Can you take a guess? It is found ZERO times in both the Old and New Testaments. Nada, Zip, Zilch. Not at all. The word has completely disappeared from the NIV 2011. This is the true nature of what today's scholars like to call "the science of textual criticism".
Ephesians 1:6 KJB - To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein HE HATH MADE US ACCEPTED in the beloved.
ESV - to the praise of his glorious grace, with which HE HAS BLESSED US in the Beloved.
NIV - to the praise of his glorious grace, which HE HAS FREELY GIVEN us in the One he loves.
NASB - to the praise of the glory of His grace, which HE FREELY BESTOWED on us in the Beloved.
Holman Christian Standard Bible 2017 - to the praise of his glorious grace THAT HE LAVISHED on us in the Beloved One.
Darby 1890 - to the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein HE HAS TAKEN US INTO FAVOUR in the Beloved:
Some bible critics object to the reading of the King James Bible and tell us that it is not an accurate translation.
Yet there are many Bible translations that agree with the way the King James Bible translated this verse.
"HE HATH MADE US ACCEPTED in the beloved."
Agreeing with the KJB are Tyndale 1525 - "his grace where with he hath made vs accepted in the beloved.", Coverdale 1535, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Bishops; Bible 1568, The Geneva Bible 1587 - "wherewith he hath made us freely accepted in his beloved.", the Beza N.T. 1599k, Wesley N.T. 1755, Whiston N.T. 1745, Young's literal 1898 "in which He did make us accepted in the beloved", The Revised Translation 1815, Webster bible 1833, The Pickering N.T. 1840, the Longman Version 1841, The Commonly Received Version 1851, The Boothroyd Bible 1853, the Smith Bible 1876, The Revised English Bible 1877, The Clarke N.T. 1913, the NKJV 1982, the KJV 21st Century Version 1994, The Third Millennium Bible 1998, God's First Truth Translation 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, the Jubilee Bible 2010 - "he HAS MADE US ACCEPTED in the beloved.", the New Matthew Bible 2016 "the grace with which HE HAS MADE US ACCEPTED in the Beloved."z
Foreign Language Bibles = KJB
The Spanish Las Sagradas Escrituras 1569 - "con la cual nos hizo aceptos en el Amado;" = "by which he made us accepted in the Beloved.", La Biblia Reina -Valera 1960, 1995, La Reina Valera Gomez Bible 2005, Spanish Jubilee bible, Reina Valera Contemporánea 2011 -"para alabanza de la gloria de su gracia, con la cual nos hizo aceptos en el Amado.", the French Martin Bible 1744 - "par laquelle il nous a rendus agréables en son Bien-Aimé.", the Portuguese Almeida Corrigida 2009 - "para louvor e glória da sua graça, pela qual nos fez agradáveis a si no Amado." And the Romana Fidela Bible 2014 - "în care ne-a făcut acceptaţi în cel preaiubit."
Other Bible Translations
Mace N.T. 1729 - which HAS RENDERED US ACCEPTABLE by his beloved son:
Worsley N.T. 1770, Haweis N.T. 1795 - to the praise of the glory of his grace, whereby HE HATH MADE US ACCEPTABLE in that beloved one
J. B. Phillips N.T. 1972 - that we might learn to praise that glorious generosity of his which HAS MADE US WELCOME in the everlasting love he bears towards the Son.
Worldwide English New Testament 1998 - WE HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED by God through Jesus Christ, whom he loves so much.
Ephesians 1:15-16 - "Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and LOVE unto all the saints, 16. Cease not to give thanks for you, making mention OF YOU in my prayers."
Here in verse 15 the word "love" is omitted in P46, Sinaiticus original (but later put back in), Vaticanus and A, but the word is found in the Majority of all remaining Greek manuscripts, the Syriac Peshitta, Harclean, the Latin and the Coptic Sahidic and Boharic ancient versions.
Westcott and Hort originally omitted the word from their new critical text and had "πίστιν ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὴν **** εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους" = "faith in the Lord Jesus and to all the saints". In fact, the 1881 Revised Version read this way saying: "the faith in the Lord Jesus which is among you, and which [ye shew] toward all the saints".
You should notice once again that the previous NIVs read "all the SAINTS", but the NIV 2011 along with the Catholic New Jerusalem has changed this to now read "all GOD'S PEOPLE"
But the true reading contains the word "love -τὴν ἀγάπην" - πίστιν ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην τὴν εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους and the ASV of 1901 put it back in the text. The UBS now includes the word "love" but with little brackets around it and the ESV footnotes " Some manuscripts omit "your love".
In verse 16 where it says: "making mention OF YOU in my prayers" the word translated OF YOU is omitted in Sinaiticus and Vaticanus and in the UBS, Nestle-Aland critical Greek texts, but the word is included even in such critical text versions like the NIV, ESV, RSV and Holman in regular print, though the NASB puts "of you" in italics as did the Revised Version of 1881.
Ephesians 1:18 KJB - "The eyes of YOUR UNDERSTANDING being enlightened; that ye may know the hope of his calling"
ESV - "having the eyes of YOUR HEARTS enlightened, that you may know what is the hope to which he has called you."
Besides the ESV's paraphrasing and adding of words not found in any text - i.e. "to which he has called you", the main difference is the word "hearts" instead of "understanding".
Here in Ephesians 1:18 there are a couple of very definite textual variations. The simple word "YOUR" is omitted by both P46 and Vaticanus, but it is found in the Majority of texts as well as Sinaiticus, A and D and the UBS text includes it [but in brackets] indicating doubt.
The biggest textual change is from "UNDERSTANDING" -της διανοιας - in the KJB and "HEART"- τῆς καρδίας- as found in the critical text versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB, NET, Catholic Douay-Rheims, Catholic New Jerusalem, Jehovah Witness New World Translation and Holman Standard 2003 edition.
Neither the UBS nor the Nestle-Aland/Vatican critical Greek text even mentions this variant reading which is found in the Reformation Bibles.
The Holman Standard is interesting in that the 2003 edition reads: "they eyes of your HEART may be enlightened" but the 2009 edition of the Holman now reads : "THE PERCEPTION OF YOUR MIND may be enlightened."
We see the same with the Catholic versions. The Douay Version 1950 actually reads: "the eyes of YOUR MIND being enlightened", but then the New Jerusalem bible 1985 changed this to "the eyes of your HEART being enlightened"
ALL these modern versions continue to change their own texts every few years. The NIV has been through 4 different editions (1973, 1978, 1984, 2011), the NASB about 10, and the ESV three in just 10 years. After all, you need to get the late$t in $cholar$hip, right?
Some modern Critical Text versions can't seem to make up their minds as to which text to follow so we see some like the Easy to Read Version 2001 reading: "I pray that God will open your MINDS to see his truth". This reads like Green's Literal 2005, which follows the TR that underlies the KJB and says: "the eyes of YOUR MIND having been enlightened"
The Last Days Bible 1999 has: "the eyes of both your MINDS AND HEARTS may be able to see"
The Easy English Bible 2010 - "I pray that God will open YOUR MINDS"
The New International Readers Version 2014 - "I pray that you will UNDERSTAND more clearly."
"the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING" is the reading of the Reformation Bibles and the Traditional Textus Receptus and is found in Psi, 056, 075, 0142, 0150, 0151 and in the Greek texts of Stephanus 1550, Beza 1598, Elziver 1624, Scrivener 1894 and is so quoted by Cyril of Jerusalem in 386 A.D, Theodoret of Cyrus in 466 and Oecumius of Thrace in the 6th century.
It is also the reading found in The Modern Greek Bible - οι οφθαλμοι του νοος σας = "your mind/understanding"
"The eyes of your UNDERSTANDING" is also the reading found in Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Bishops' Bible 1568, the Geneva Bible 1587, Beza's N.T. 1599, the Bill Bible 1671, Mace N.T. 1729, John Wesley's N.T. 1755, the Worsley Version 1770, Thomas Haweis N.T. 1795, The Thomson Bible 1808, Improved N.T. 1809 "eyes of your mind", The Revised Translation 1815 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING", The Thomson N.T. 1816, The Wakefield N.T. 1820, Kneeland N.T. 1823, Webster's Bible 1833, the Living Oracles 1835, The Longman Version 1841 - "eyes of your UNDERSTANDING", Hammond N.T. 1845, The Morgan N.T. 1848, The Commonly Received Version 1851, Boothroyd Bible 1853 "eyes of your mind", Sawyer N.T. 1858, the Calvin Translation 1856 - "the eyes of your mind", The Revised New Testament 1862 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING", The Anderson N.T. 1865, Noyes Translation 1869, The Smith Bible 1876, The Dillard N.T. 1885, Young's 1898, Twentieth Century N.T. 1904, Weymouth 1912 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING being enlightened", The Clarke N.T. 1913, Goodspeed 1923 "the eyes of your mind being enlightened", Lamsa's translation of the Syriac Peshitta - "the eyes of YOUR UNDERSTANDING may be enlightened", Douay 1950, the NKJV 1982, The Word of Yah 1993, The Interlinear Greek N.T. 1997 (Larry Pierce), the Third Millennium Bible 1998, The Lawrie Translation 1998, The Koster Scriptures 1998 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING", God's First Truth 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, The Apostolic Polyglot Bible 2003, The Resurrection Life N.T. 2005 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING" (Vince Garcia), The Positive Infinity N.T. 2005, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, The Easy To Read Version 2006, Bond Slave Version 2009, The Christogenea N.T. 2009 - "the eyes of your MIND being enlightened", The Holy Scriptures VW Edition 2010, The Easy English Bible 2010, The New European Version 2010, Online Interlinear 2010 (André de Mol), Conservative Bible 2011 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING", The Hebraic Roots Bible 2012, The New International Reader's Version 2014, and the Modern English Version 2014 - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING being enlightened".
It is also the reading found in the Modern Greek N.T. as seen at the Biola University site -
http://unbound.biola.edu/ - οι οφθαλμοι του νοος σας = "your mind/understanding"
Foreign Language Bibles -
That read like the KJB are the French Martin 1744 and French Ostervald 1996 - "les yeux de votre ENTENDEMENT", Luther's German Bible 1545 and the 2000 German Schlachter Bible - "und erleuchtete Augen eures Verständnisses", Lamsa's translation of the Syriac Peshitta - "the eyes of your UNDERSTANDING may be enlightened", the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras 1569 and the Reina Valera 1602, 1909 - 1995 and the RV Gómez of 2010 - "los ojos de vuestro ENTENDIMIENTO", the Italian Diodati 1649, Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Bible and La Nuova Diodati of 1991 - "e illumini gli occhi della vostra MENTE", and the Portuguese Almeida Corrigida E Fiel 1681 and 2009 editions and A Biblia Sagrada em Portugués - "os olhos do vosso ENTENDIMIENTO."
Other Foreign Language Bibles that read like the KJB include the Afrikaans bible 1953, the Dutch Staten Vertaling Bible - "ogen uws verstands", The Czeck BKR Bible, Luther's German Bible 1545 and the German Schlachter Bible 2000 - "und erleuchtete Augen eures Verständnisses", the Hungarian Karoli Bible, the Updated Polish Gdansk Bible 2013 - "Ażeby oświecił oczy waszego umysłu, abyście wiedzieli" and the Romanian Fidela Bible 2014 - "Ochii înţelegerii voastre, fiind iluminaţi"
Ephesians 2:1 KJB - "And you HATH HE QUICKENED, who were dead in trespasses and sins"
A bible agnostic names Douglas W., who is also a typical unbeliever in the infallibility of ANY Bible in ANY language, posted the following criticism of the King James Bible and how it reads in Ephesians 2:1.
Douglas W. posts:
Ephesians 2:1, ESV: "And you were dead in the trespasses and sins."
Ephesians 2:1, KJV: "AND YOU HATH HE QUICKENED, who were dead in trespasses and sins;"
Ephesians 2:1, Textus Receptus: Και υμας οντας νεκρούς τοις παραπτωμασιν και ταις αμαρτιαις (And you who were dead in trespasses and sins...)
Whoa! Has the ESV deleted words from the Word of God?
Does the T/R (I generalize; there are more than a dozen editions) contain the phrase, "hath he quickened" in this verse?
So, why is it in the KJV?
Because (probably) the KJV translators, in this case, and for tradition's sake, wanted the KJV to match the Latin Vulgate.
Yes, really." (End of comments from this Bible critic)
First of all, if you look carefully at the King James Bible you will notice that the three words "hath he quickened" are in italics. This means that the KJB translators are right up front about the fact that they have "added" these three extra words to the sentence. And there are some very good reasons why they added them as we shall see in a moment.
Secondly, our Bible critic asks if the ESV has deleted words from the Word of God? One of the sure signs you are dealing with a bible agnostic is that they frequently capitalize the word Word of God, when in fact they are referring to the word of God. The Word of God (capital W) refers to the Son of God, while the word of God (small w) refers to His written revelation. Does Douglas believe the ESV is God's infallible words? Of course not. The man is just another Bible rummager who picks a verse here and a phrase over there that he happens to like and pastes his "bible" together as he goes along.
This man's ESV IS guilty of omitting literally hundreds and hundreds of words from the Traditional Reformation text, rejecting numerous Hebrew readings and adding hundreds of words to the Hebrew texts from the so called Greek Septuagint and other sources. And it also adds hundreds more words to the text but it doesn't ITALICIZE them, like the KJB does.
See The Ever Changing ESVs 2001, 2007 and 2011 = just another Vatican Version
The ESV just puts all these hundreds of extra words to smooth out the English text into regular print, so you don't know when they added things to make the sentences flow more easily or to fill in the gaps that are often there because of the elliptical nature of both Greek and Hebrew. Greek and Hebrew are both elliptical languages. This means that they sometimes omit the subject, or the verb or direct objects and indirect objects, because they are IMPLIED, and they need to be "added" to the English translation.
Thirdly, the King James Bible does NOT follow the Latin Vulgate at all here. Douglas finally came to realize that he was wrong about this and was forced to admit that he made a mistake.
The Latin Vulgate and the Clementine Vulgate both read in Ephesians 2:1-2
V. 1 et vos cum essetis mortui delictis et peccatis vestris = and you WERE dead in your trespasses and your sins.
There is nothing here about "hath he quickened". The irony is the it is the ESV that follows the Latin Vulgate here, and not the KJB, by MISTRANSLATING the Greek present participle οντας (being) as though it were an imperfect (past) tense (ημεν = ye were, as in verse 3 "were by nature children of wrath) without first having a main verb in the past tense - like "hath he quickened", for example.
The KJB supplied the verb "hath he quickened" because there is no main verb in the long sentence that extends from verse 1 through verse 3. In Greek this is just one sentence. The verb "hath he quickened" is supplied to make sense of the passage. The literal Greek is not a complete sentence and some Bible commentators have pointed this out. As written literally, you end up with an incomplete sentence. It would be "And you BEING dead in trespasses and sins; wherein ye walked…and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others." We are left asking What happened when we were in that state?
Go ahead and read Ephesians 2:1-3 with the literal "BEING dead" and see if it makes sense. It doesn't. The only way you can translate the present participle "BEING dead" οντας νεκρους as "WERE dead" is if the previous main verb is in a past tense. And this is exactly what the KJB translators did when they added in italics the three words "hath he quickened".
Not only does the KJB "add" the three words "HATH HE QUICKENED" to Ephesians 2:1 but so also do the following Bible translations: Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Geneva bible 1587, The Beza N.T. 1599, The Bill Bible 1671, John Wesley's N.T. 1755, Worsley Version 1770, Thomas Haweis N.T. 1795, The Clarke N.T. 1795, The Revised Translation 1815, Webster's translation 1833, The Pickering N.T. 1840, The Longman Version 1841, The Commonly Received Version 1851, Noyes Translation 1869, the Revised Version 1881, the ASV 1901, The Clarke N.T. 1913, Riverside N.T. 1923, Montgomery N.T. 1924, Lamsa's 1933 translation of the Syriac Peshitta - "And HE HAS QUICKENED YOU ALSO who were dead because of your sins and trespasses.", Bible in Basic English 1961, J.B. Phillips Translation 1962, the RSV 1952-1971 " And YOU HE MADE ALIVE, when you were dead through the trespasses and sins", the NKJV 1982, the Amplified 1987, World English Bible, Complete Apostle's Bible 2005, Third Millennium Bible 1998, God's First Truth 1999, World English Bible 2000, The Tomson N.T. 2002, The Pickering N.T. 2005, The Resurrection Life N.T. 2005, The Mebust Bible 2007, English Jubilee Bible 2010 - "And HE HAS MADE YOU ALIVE who were dead in trespasses and sins", the 2010 New Heart English Bible, The Bond Slave Version 2012, the 2012 Natural Israelite Bible, The Hebrew Names Version 2014 and The Hebraic Roots Bible 2015.
Among foreign language Bible that also "add" the words "hath he quickened" are the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras 1569, La Biblia de las Américas 1997, the 2005 Nueva Biblia Latinoamericana de Hoy and Reina Valeras 1909 - 2011 - "Y él os dio vida a vosotros, estando muertos en vuestros delitos y pecados", the Italian Diodati 1649, La Nuova Riveduta 2006 - "Dio ha vivificato anche voi, voi che eravate morti nelle vostre colpe e nei vostri peccati", the Portuguese Almeida Actualizada - "Ele vos vivificou, estando vós mortos nos vossos delitos e pecados", the Afrikaans Bible 1953 - "En julle het Hy lewend gemaak", the Dutch Staten Vertaling Bible - "En u heeft Hij mede levend gemaakt", the Tagalog Ang Biblia 1905 - "At kayo'y binuhay niya, nang kayo'y mga patay dahil sa inyong mga pagsalangsang at mga kasalanan", the 2014 Romanian Fidela Bible - "ȘI v-a dat viață , vouă care eraţi morţi în fărădelegi şi păcate", AND the Modern Greek Bible - - "Και εσας οντας νεκρους δια τας παραβασεις και τας αμαρτιας εζωοποιησεν" = "He has quickened"
The NASB says: "And you WERE dead in your trespasses and sins" but it footnotes that the literal reading is BEING.
The Bible Commentators
Several Bible commentators tell us about the unusually long sentence found here in Ephesians 2:1-3 and of the elliptical nature of the Greek language and how the words are "added" to make the thought of the passage clear in a smoothly flowing manner.
Charles Hodge's Commentary on Ephesians - "The first seven verses of this chapter form one sentence, which is so long and complicated that the apostle is forced, before getting to the end of it, slightly to vary the construction; a thing of very frequent occurrence in his writings. He dwells so long in Ephesians 2:2-4, on the natural state of the Ephesians, that he is obliged in verse 5, to repeat substantially the beginning of verse l, in order to complete the sentence there commenced. 'You dead on account of sin, — wherein ye walked according to the course of the world, subject to Satan, associated with the children of disobedience, among whom we also had our conversation, and were the children of wrath even as others — us, dead on account of trespasses HATH GOD QUICKENED. This is the way the passage stands. It is plain, therefore, that the sentence begun in the first verse, is resumed with slight variation in the fifth. This is the view taken by our translators, who borrow from the fifth verse the verb ἐζωοποίησε (TO QUICKEN, or make alive) necessary to complete the sense of the first."
David Guzik - a. And you He made alive: The words He made alive are in italics, which indicates that they are added to the text but implied from the context. Paul wrote to believers who were made alive by God's work.
The Expositor's Greek New Testament - Ephesians 2:1. καὶ ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκρούς: and you, being dead. The construction is broken, the writer turning off into two relative sentences (Ephesians 2:2-3) before he introduces his leading verb. His original statement is taken up again, as some think, at the καὶ ὄντας νεκρούς of Ephesians 2:5(Griesb., Rück., etc.). So the ὑμᾶς ὄντας here is under the regimen of the συνεζωοποίησε (Ephesians 2:5), and the καί has the force of "and you too," "you, also, as well as Christ". The ὄντας expresses the condition they were in when God's power wrought in them."
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - "And you hath he quickened - The words "hath he quickened," or "made to live," are supplied, but not improperly, by our translators.
Jamieson, Faussett and Brown - "hath he quickened - supplied from the Greek (Ephesians 2:5)
Ellicott's Commentary - "And you hath he quickened.—And you also. St. Paul here begins the particular application to the Ephesians, which is the main subject of this chapter, broken off in Ephesians 2:3-10, and resumed in Ephesians 2:11. The words "hath He quickened" (or, properly, did He quicken) are supplied here from Ephesians 2:5—rightly, as expressing the true sense and tending to greater clearness"
John Gill - "And you hath he quickened,.... The design of the apostle in this and some following verses, is to show the exceeding sinfulness of sin, and to set forth the sad estate and condition of man by nature, and to magnify the riches of the grace of God, and represent the exceeding greatness of his power in conversion: the phrase hath he quickened, is not in the original text, but is supplied from Ephesians 2:5, where it will be met with and explained: here those who are quickened with Christ, and by the power and grace of God, are described in their natural and unregenerate estate"
Kretzmann's Popular Commentary - This is really only a part of a long and involved period, the verb having been supplied by the translators from the next section; but the thought is clear and may be followed without difficulty. Addressing himself principally to the Gentiles, or speaking of his readers from the standpoint of the majority, Paul writes: And you, when you were dead by reason of your trespasses and sins, God has made alive with Christ. "
Harry Ironside - In the King James version we read, "And you hath he quickened." You will notice that the words, "hath he quickened," are in italics. That means that they do not appear in the original Greek text, but were added here to make the sentence read smoothly. The verb hath quickened appears in the fifth verse in the original manuscripts. To be quickened is to be made alive. Because we were dead we needed to receive divine life. "You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins: Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world."
Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary - "And you did He quicken.—The italics in A.V. and R.V. show a broken construction of St. Paul's meaning, the verb being supplied from Eph 2:5, where the broken thread is taken up again."
Whedon's Commentary - "Hath he quickened—As the italics indicate, these words are supplied by the translators to furnish a verb to govern the objective you. The words are in sense borrowed from Ephesians 2:5, where the verb is introduced with the objective changed to us."
Vincent's Word Studies - "And you - Taking up the closing thought of the preceding chapter, the magnitude of God's power toward believers as exhibited in Christ's resurrection. He now shows that the same power is applied to his readers. Hence the connection is: "When He raised Him from the dead, etc., AND YOU DID HE QUICKEN, even as He quickened Christ." The structure of the passage is broken. Paul having prominently in mind the thought God quickened you as He did Christ, begins with you also. Then the connection is interrupted by Ephesians 2:2, Ephesians 2:3, which describe their previous condition. Then Ephesians 2:1 is taken up in Ephesians 2:4, by but God, God introducing a new sentence."
John Eadie's Commentary on Ephesians - "The governing verb is συνεζωοποίησε in Ephesians 2:5, as Jerome and OEcumenius rightly affirm, though the former blames Paul for a loose construction there. The thought is again interrupted between Ephesians 2:1; Ephesians 2:4. The apostle's mind was eminently suggestive, influenced by powerful laws of mental association, and prone to interpolate subsidiary ideas - but he resumes by δέ in Ephesians 2:4.
The King James Bible is always right.
Ephesians 3:9 "And to make ALL MEN see what is THE FELLOWSHIP of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, who created all things BY JESUS CHRIST."
In this verse alone there are three major textual variants, and we will see that among today's Bible Babble Buffet versions there is tremendous disagreement and constant change. They have no settled text and they do not even agree with each other.
The first textual variant is the word translated as "ALL MEN". The Greek word is pantas - πάντας and in the context for those versions that include the word it is rendered as "ALL men". The second textual variant has to do with the difference between "the fellowship" -η κοινωνια (koinonia) or "the DISPENSATION" - η οικονομια (oikonomia) and the final huge textual variant are the words "BY JESUS CHRIST."
When Westcott and Hort came out with their new critical Greek text they completely omitted the word "pantas" or "all men". So did the Nestle 4th edition 1934 and the 21st edition of 1975. I have hard copies of them both. But later on the Nestle's 27th and now the 28th editions have put the word back in the text but [in brackets] indicating doubt as to their authenticity. You know, you just never can too sure about these things, can you? ;-)
Well, not even the critical text versions are in agreement with each other. Even though Westcott and Hort omitted the word for "all men" yet the Revised Version of 1881 and the ASV of 1901 both still said "and to make ALL MEN see". The RSV also said "all men see". The Holman Standard says "to shed light FOR ALL". The ESV and the NIV both contain the word but translate it as "to bring light FOR EVERYONE". Dan Wallace's NET version also includes the word saying: "and to enlighten EVERYONE about God's secret plan" but the NASBs 1963, 77 and 1995, for some strange reason, completely omit the word and merely says: "and the bring to light what is the administration."
Neither can the critical text versions agree on how to translate their textual variant of oikonomia either. The RV and ASV and Catholic Douay all have "dispensation", while the NIV, NASB go with "administration" and the RSV, ESV and NET have "the plan".
The Catholic versions show the same confusion among themselves. The Douay version 1950 says "to enlighten ALL MEN as to what is THE DISPENSATION", while the 1970 St. Joseph New American Bible has: "to enlighten ALL MEN on what is THE MYSTERIOUS DESIGN" and the New Jerusalem bible 1985 again omits the "all men" like the NASB does and says: "throwing light on THE INNER WORKINGS", and finally the 2009 Catholic Public Domain version has "and to enlighten EVERYONE concerning THE DISPENSATION."
About the only thing the ever changing critical text versions seem to agree upon is that that all omit the words "BY JESUS CHRIST." Both the textual readings of "pantas" or "ALL MEN" and "BY JESUS CHRIST" are found in the Majority of all remaining Greek manuscripts and are part of the Traditional Greek text used for the Reformation bibles in all languages. The word "pantas" was in the Sinaiticus original as well as A, but some later scribe removed the word from the Sinaiticus copy, while Vaticanus omits the word entirely.
The words in the phrase "God, who created all things BY JESUS CHRIST." are in the Majority of all manuscripts, and the word "FELLOWSHIP" η κοινωνια (koinonia) is in the Traditional Textus Receptus of Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza and Elziever.
Agreeing with the King James Bible readings are Tyndale 1525 -"and to make all men se what the felyshippe of the mistery is which from the begynnynge of the worlde hath bene hid in God which made all thynges thorow Iesus Christ", Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible (Cranmer) 1540 - "to make all men se, what the felyshyppe of the mystery is, which from the begynnynge of the worlde hath bene hyd in God which made all thinges thorow Iesus Christ", Matthew's Bible 1549, the Geneva Bible 1587 - "And to make cleare vnto ALL MEN what the FELOWSHIP of the mysterie is, which from the beginning of the world hath bene hid in God, who hath created all things BY JESUS CHRIST.", Whiston's Primitive N.T. 1745, John Wesley's translation 1755, Worsley Version 1770, Webster's translation 1833, Youngs, the NKJV 1982, English Jubilee Bible 2000 and the Third Millenium Bible 1998.
Among foreign language Bible that read just like the King James Bible and the Traditional Reformation text are the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras of 1569, the Cipriano de Valera 1602, and the 2012 Reina Valera Gómez (But NOT the Reina Valera 1960-1995) - "y de aclarar a todos cuál sea la comunión del misterio escondido desde los siglos en Dios, que creó todas las cosas por Jesús, el Cristo.", the Italian La Nuova Diodati of 1991 - "e di manifestare a tutti la partecipazione del mistero che dalle pi antiche et stato nascosto in Dio, il quale ha creato tutte le cose per mezzo di Ges Cristo", Martin Luther's German bible 1545 and the 2000 German Schlachter Bible - "und zu erleuchten jedermann, welche da sei die Gemeinschaft des Geheimnisses, das von der Welt her in Gott verborgen gewesen ist, der alle Dinge geschaffen hat durch Jesum Christum", the Dutch Staten Vertaling Bible, the 2009 Romanian Fidela Bible - "Si sa fac pe toti sa vada care este partasia misterului, care de la inceputul lumii fusese ascuns in Dumnezeu, care a creat toate prin Isus Cristos".
John Calvin's Latin translation matches the King James Bible - Ephesians 3:9 - "Et omnibus conspicuum faciam, quae sit communio mysterii, quod absconditum fuit a saeculis in Deo, qui omnia creavit per Iesum Christum" and in his commentary he writes: "What is the fellowship of the mystery. The publication of the gospel is called a fellowship, because it is the will of God that his purpose, which had formerly been hidden, shall now be shared by men."
Matthew Henry comments on Ephesians 3:9 - "His business and employment were to make all men see (to publish and make known to the whole world) what is the fellowship of the mystery (that the Gentiles who have hitherto been strangers to the church, shall be admitted into communion with it) which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God (kept secret in his purpose), who created all things by Jesus Christ: as Jn. 1:3, All things were made by him, and without him was not any thing made that was made."
And John Wesley writes: "What is the fellowship of the mystery - What those mysterious blessings are whereof all believers jointly partake.
Other Bible versions that also read "God who created all things BY JESUS CHRIST" are the Amplified Bible 1987, J.P. Phillips Translation 1962, World English Bible, A Conservative Version, The Voice of 2012 - "by God, the Creator of all, through Jesus the Anointed.", Complete Apostle's Bible, the Italian Diodati 1649 and La Nueva Riveduta of 2006 - "Dio, che ha create tutte le cose per Gesù Cristo", the French Martin 1744 and the French Ostervald 1996 - "Dieu, qui a créé toutes choses par Jésus-Christ", the Portuguese A Biblia Sagrada - "Deus, que tudo criou por meio de Jesus Cristo", the Afrikaans Bible 1853 - "in God wat alles geskape het deur Jesus Christus", the Czech BKR - "skrze Ježíše Krista", the Lithuanian Bible - "per Jėzų Kristų", the Polish Gdanska Bible - "przez Jezusa Chrystusa", the Finnish Bible 1776 - "kaikki Jesuksen Kristuksen", the Russian Synodal Version 1876 - "все Иисусом Христом", the Greek Byzantine-Majority Text 2000 - "θεω τω τα παντα κτισαντι δια ιησου χριστου", the Basque Navarro N.T. - "Iesus Christez", the Finnish Biblia 1776 - "Jesuksen Kristuksen", the Hungarian Karoli Bible - "a Jézus Krisztus" and the Modern Hebrew Bible - "ולהאיר עיני כל מה היא הנהגת הסוד הנסתר מדרת עולם באלהים יוצר הכל על ידי ישוע המשיח׃"
Ephesians 3:14 - "For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST"
In this verse the words "of our Lord Jesus Christ" have been omitted by most modern critical text Vatican Versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB, RSV, NET, The Voice, Common English Bible and Holman versions. Among the Catholic versions we see the usual pattern. The older Douay-Rheims 1610 and the 1950 Douay both contained the words "of our Lord Jesus Christ." But the more modern ones like the St. Joseph New American Bible 1970, the New Jerusalem bible 1985 and the 2008 Catholic Public Domain Version (which are all based on the same "interconfessional" UBS/Nestle-Aland critical text editions like the ESV, NIV, NASB) OMIT these 5 words from their text.
The words "of our Lord Jesus Christ" are found in the Majority of remaining Greek manuscripts we have as well as Sinaitic correction, D, F, G, K, L, Psi, the Old Latin copies ar, c, d, e, f, g, t, x and z, as well as the Syriac Peshitta, Harclean, Gothic, Armenian and Latin Vulgate ancient versions. It is also so quoted by numerous early church writers like Origen, Ambrosiaster, Victorinus (Rome), Ephraem, Basil, Chrysostom, Theodore, Theodoret, John-Damascus and Photius.
"I bow my knees unto the Father OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST" is the text of the following English Bibles: Wycliffe 1395 - "Y bowe my knees to the fadir of oure Lord Jhesu Crist", Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible (Cranmer) 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Bishops' Bible 1568, the Geneva Bible 1587 - "I bowe my knees vnto the Father of our Lord Iesus Christ", Whiston's Primitive N.T. 1745, John Wesley's translation 1755, Worsley Version 1770, the Living Oracles 1835, Murdock's translation of the Syriac 1852, Lamsa's translation, Young's, Darby, Hebrew Names Version - "I bow my knees to the Father of our Lord, Yeshua the Messiah", the Amplified Bible 1987, NKJV 1982, Green's interlinear, the ISV 2012 (International Standard Version) and the Aramaic Bible in Plain English 2010 - "I bow my knees to The Father of our Lord Yeshua The Messiah"
Among foreign language Bibles the words "of our Lord Jesus Christ" and found in the Portuguese A Biblia Sagrada and the Almeida Corrigida E Fiel - "o Pai de nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo", the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras 1569 - "Por esta causa doblo mis rodillas al Padre del Señor nuestro Jesús, el Cristo", the Cipriano de Valera 1602, the Reina Valera 1909-1995 and R.V. Gómez 2010 - "el Padre de nuestro Señor Jesucristo", the French Martin 1744, the 1996 French Ostervald and Louis Segond 2007 - "le Père de notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ", the Italian Diodati 1649, La Nuova Diodati 1991 and the 2008 La Nuova Riveduta - "al Padre del Signor nostro Ges Cristo", Afrikaans Bible 1953 - "die Vader van onse Here Jesus Christus", Dutch Staten Vertaling Bible - "den Vader van onzen Heere Jezus Christus", Luther's German bible 1545 and the 2000 German Schlachter Bible - "dem Vater unsers HERRN Jesu Christi", Polish Gdanska Bible - "Pana naszego Jezusa Chrystusa", Hungarian Karoli Bible - "Jézus Krisztusnak Atyja elõtt", Czech BKR - "Otcem Pána našeho Jezukrista", the Russian Synodal - "Господанашего Иисуса Христа",the Modern Greek Bible - "Δια τουτο καμπτω τα γονατα μου προς τον Πατερα του Κυριου ημων Ιησου Χριστου" and the Modern Hebrew Bible - על כן אכרעה על ברכי לאבי אדנינו ישוע המשיח׃
The phrase "the Father OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST" has been in virtually every Bible in every language of the world until Westcott-Hort came out with their new Vatican friendly , ever changing critical text and it was first removed from the Revised Version in 1881 and then the ASV in 1901, and now by the ESV, NIV, NASB and the modern Roman Catholic versions as well as the Jehovah Witness New World Translation. "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear." Luke 8:8
Ephesians 5:1 KJB - "Be ye therefore FOLLOWERS of God, as dear children."
ESV - "Therefore be IMITATORS of God, as beloved children."
A fellow bible believer wrote to me saying: "I have another one for you if you have time. My daughter said the pastor was quoting Eph 5:1, and he said the translation "followers" in KJV is wrong, and it should be "imitators." Any thoughts would be appreciated. God bless, Ron."
Hi Ron. First of all, this pastor is just another Bible corrector who knows far less than he thinks, and has NO complete and inerrant Bible to believe in himself or to give to anyone else. He has made his own mind his "final authority" and unfortunately, has made himself the "final authority" for those whom he is supposedly pastoring. You have to come to him to find out what God REALLY said. Let's take a closer look at this word and see if this Bible correcting "pastor" is right or not.
The underlying Greek text of Ephesians 5:1 reads: "γινεσθε ουν μιμηται του θεου ως τεκνα αγαπητα" The particular word this Bible rummager thinks should be translated as "imitators" is the noun μιμηται (mimeetai).
It is found 7 times in the underlying Greek text of the KJB and is always translated as "FOLLOWERS" in the KJB and in many other translations, as we shall soon see. It is used in 1 Cor. 4:16; 11:1 "Be ye FOLLOWERS of me", Ephesians 5:1, 1 Thes. 1:6 "ye became followers of us", 2:14, Hebrews 6:12 and 1 Peter 3:13 "if ye be followers of that which is good?"
It comes from the verb form mimeomai which is used 4 times and is always translated in the KJB as TO FOLLOW. It is used in 2 Thes. 3:7 and 9; Hebrews 13:7 "whose faith FOLLOW" and 3 John 11 "FOLLOW not that which is evil."
When several modern versions translate this word as "imitate" it can lead to a wrong interpretation. To imitate can mean to try to follow the example of another. After all, that IS how the English dictionaries define the word - To Imitate = "to take or FOLLOW as an example", but the end result produces an "IMITATION" which also has the secondary meaning of "not real; a sham and bogus; counterfeit, not genuine."
In fact, that is precisely what these modern Vatican Versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB are. They are fake bibles imitating the true one, and not doing a very good job of it.
The Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament, by Bauer, Arndt and Gingrich defines the verb mimeomai as meaning "to imitate, to emulate, TO FOLLOW with the accusative of the person" one is following.
Kittel's massive work, the Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, discusses the meaning of the words mimeomai and mimeitai (μιμηται ) and says in Volume IV pages 668-671 such things as "it is obvious here that to be a μιμηται of Paul is TO FOLLOW his ways, accept his teaching" (1 Cor. 4:16). Discussing 1 Cor. 11:1 Kittel says: "To this degree the μιμηται (be ye followers of me) is a summons TO FOLLOW his example."
And regarding both the examples in 2 Thessalonians and Ephesians 5:1 he says: "The thought may be that of FOLLOWING an example which Paul and the Lord have given." And "Logically Ephesians 5:2 must be referred to FOLLOWING the example of Christ." (page 671)
Not only does the King James Bible correctly translate μιμηται and the verb form mimeomai as FOLLOWERS and "TO FOLLOW" but so too do the following English Bible translations: Wycliffe 1395, Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, Douay-Rheims 1582, the Geneva Bible 1587 - "Bee yee therefore FOLLOWERS of God, as deare children", Whiston's N.T. 1745, John Wesley's N.T. 1755, Webster's translation 1833, Sawyer's N.T. 1858, Young's literal 1898 - "Become, then, followers of God, as children beloved", Goodspeed N.T. 1923, Williams N.T. 1937 - "So you must keep on following God's example", Lamsa's translation of the Syriac Peshitta - "you became FOLLOWERS of us" (1 Thes. 1:6) "FOLLOWERS of those who through faith" (Hebrews 6:12), "FOLLOWERS of that which is good?" (1 Peter 3:13 etc.), the NKJV 1982, the Third Millennium Bible 1998, and the NIV 1982-2011 - "FOLLOW God's example, therefore, as dearly loved children."
Among the modern versions that translate the noun as "IMITATORS" and the verb as IMITATE" are the ESV, Holman, NET and the modern Catholic bible versions like the St. Joseph New American bible 1970 and the Jerusalem bible as well as the Jehovah Witness New World translation.
The Catholic Connection
The 1582 Douay Rheims said "Be ye therefore FOLLOWERS of God, as dear children." But then the Douay of 1950, the Jerusalem bible of 1968 and the St. Joseph NAB 1970 all changed this to "BE IMITATORS of God, as children he loves." But the New Jerusalem bible 1985 toned it down a bit with: "take him as your pattern". but then the 2009 Catholic Public Domain version went back to "be IMITATORS of God". The Latin Vulgate and the Clementine Vulgate both read BE IMITATORS" - Estote ergo imitatores Dei"
The NASB goes back and forth. It translated the verb as "TO IMITATE" 2 times, but also as TO FOLLOW as in "FOLLOW our example" in both 2 Thessalonians 3:7 and 9.
The NKJV also goes back and forth both with the verb and the noun. It has "FOLLOW" in 2 Thes. 3:7 and 9 and in 1 Thes. 1:6 and 1 Peter 3:13 "Be FOLLOWERS of that which is good", but IMITATE in 3 John 11 and IMITATORS in 1 Cor. 4:16, 11:1, 1 Thes. 2:14 and in Hebrews 6:12.
Dan Wallace's NET version usually translate the noun and verb as "IMITATE" or IMITATORS, but in 1 Peter 3:13 is has "who is going to harm you if you are DEVOTED to what is good?"
There is absolutely nothing wrong with the King James Bible and many others in translating the verb and the noun as "TO FOLLOW our example" or "Be ye FOLLOWERS of that which is good". That is what the word means, and to "imitate" itself means "to FOLLOW the example of another". And "to follow" is better than "to imitate" because we avoid the confusion and contradiction of the additional meanings of the word "imitation" which often carries the direct implication of something that is "not real; a sham, bogus; counterfeit, not genuine."
Ephesians 5:9 KJB - "(For the fruit of THE SPIRIT is in all goodness and righteousness and truth.)"
ESV, NIV, NASB, Jehovah Witness NWT, NET, Catholic versions - "(For the fruit OF LIGHT is found in all that is good and right and true.)" ESV 2001-2016.
This is one of the numerous verses in the New Testament where the textual evidence is quite massive for both readings, and yet the obvious truth is that God did NOT inspire both of them. Either one reading is right and the other one is a corruption, but they cannot both be the one God originally inspired.
The reading of "light" is found in many manuscripts, several Old Latin manuscripts and in several ancient versions like the Syriac Peshitta, the Coptic, Gothic, Armenian and Ethiopic.
However the reading of "the Spirit" is that of the Majority of remaining manuscripts including P46 (a papyrus manuscript) which is the oldest Greek manuscript in existence. It is dated at 200 A.D. and thus predates both Sinaiticus and Vaticanus by about 150 years. "the Spirit" is also the reading found in D2, K, L, Psi and in the Syriac Harclean, Georgian and Slavonic ancient versions, the Byzantine Lectionaries, and is so quoted by early church writers as Chrysostom (407), Theodore (428), Theodoret (466) and John Damascus.
The Catholic Versions
All the Catholic Versions read "the fruit of LIGHT". These would be the Douay-Rheims 1610, Douay 1950, St Joseph NAB 1970, New Jerusalem bible 1985 and the 2009 Catholic Public Domain Version.
The reading of "fruit of THE SPIRIT" is that of the Reformation Bibles in virtually every language of the world. It is the reading of the Greek texts of Erasmus, Stephanus 1550, Beza 1598, Elzevir 1624 and the modern Greek Bible followed by the Greek Orthodox churches all over the world.
However, since the days of the Westcott-Hort critical text in 1881 the critical text versions like the ASV, RSV, NRSV, ESV, NIV, NASB, NET, Jehovah Witness NWT, Catholic bibles and Holman likewise read "LIGHT".
So, it basically comes down to either following the reading of the Reformation Bibles or the Catholic bibles and the new Vatican Versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB, ISV, NET, Holman etc. whose underlying "interconfessional" text is based on and formed by a formal agreement with the Vatican.
"The fruit of THE SPIRIT"
Bibles that follow the Traditional Greek reading of "SPIRIT" are Tyndale 1525 - "For the frute of the sprete is in all goodnes rightewesnes and trueth.", the Great Bible 1540, Matthew's Bible 1549, the Bishops' Bible 1568, the Geneva Bible 1587 - "(For the fruit of the Spirit is in al goodnes, and righteousnes, and trueth)", the Beza N.T. 1599, Whiston's Primitive N.T. 1745, Worsley N.T. 1770, Haweis N.T. 1795, Webster's translation 1833, The Commonly Received Version 1851, Julia Smith Translation 1855, The Revised N.T. 1862, The Smith Bible 1876, Young's literal 1898, World English Version 2000, the Hebrew Names Version 2014- "the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth", the NKJV 1982, J.P. Green's literal version 2005, The Koster Scriptures 1998, The Laurie N.T. 1998, the Third Millennium Bible 1998, God's First Truth 1999, The Last Days N.T. 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, The Apostolic Polyglot bible 2003, The Pickering N.T. 2005, A Conservative Version 2005, Complete Apostle's Bible 2005, Jubilee Bible 2010, The Conservative Bible 2010, The Hebrew Transliteration Bible 2010 - "For the fruit of the Ruach is in all goodness and righteousness and truth", The English Majority Text 2013, The Far Above All Translation 2014, The Hebrew Names Version 2014, The Modern English Version 2014, The Modern Literal N.T. 2014, and The New Matthew Bible 2016 - "For the fruit of the SPIRIT is in all goodness..."
Foreign Language Bibles
Among foreign language Bible that say "the fruit of THE SPIRIT" are the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras 1569, Cipriano de Valera 1602, the Reina Valeras 1909-2011 and the R.V. Gómez of 2010 - "(porque el fruto del Espíritu es en toda bondad, y justicia, y verdad, the French Martin 1744, the French Ostervald 1996 and the French Louis Segond of 2007 - "Car le fruit de l'Esprit consiste en toute sorte de bonté, de justice et de vérité", the Italian Diodati 1649 and La Nuova Diodati 1991 - "il frutto dello Spirito", Martin Luther's German Bible 1545 and the 2000 German Schlachter bible - "Die Frucht des Geistes", the Dutch Staten Vertaling Bible - "Want de vrucht des Geestes", the Portuguese A Biblia Sagrada and the 1681 Almeida Corrigida E Fiel - "Porque o fruto do Esprito est em toda a bondade", the Afrikaans Bible 1953 - "Want die vrug van die Gees ", the Russian Synodal Bible 1876 and the Russian Victor Zhuromsky N.T. - "потому что плод Духа",
the Greek Orthodox Church N.T. text and the Modern Greek Bible - "ὁ γὰρ καρπὸς τοῦ Πνεύματος"
and the Modern Hebrew Bible - כי פרי הרוח כל מעשי חסד וצדק ואמת׃
Both the Modern Greek Bible and the Modern Hebrew Bible can be seen at the Biola University site here -
To repeat, it basically comes down to either following the reading of the Reformation Bibles or the Catholic bibles and the new Vatican Versions like the ESV, NIV, NASB, ISV, NET, Holman etc. whose underlying "interconfessional" text is based on and formed by a formal agreement with the Vatican.
Ephesians 5:30 KJB - "For we are members of his body, OF HIS FLESH, AND OF HIS BONES."
Ephesians 5:30 ESV, NIV, NASB, NET - "Because we are members of his body." (ESV 2001)
The obvious difference between these two verses is the omission of the words "of his flesh, and of his bones." The evidence for these additional inspired words of God is simply massive and overwhelming. They are found in the Majority of all remaining manuscripts including Sinaiticus correction, D, F, G, K, L, P, as well as the Old Latin copies of ar, b, c, d, dem, e, f, g, mon , x and z.
They are found in the Latin Vulgate, the Syriac Peshitta, Harclean, Armenian, Georgian and Slavonic ancient versions and so quoted by numerous early Christian writers including Irenaeus, Chrysostom, Theodore, Victorinus, Ambrosiaster, Ambrose and Pelagius. However Vaticanus, A and a few others omit these words.
The Catholic Connection
As usual, we see the same typical pattern with the Catholic versions. The older Douay-Rheims 1610 as well as the Catholic Douay of 1950 both contained these words in full - "Because we are members of him, body, OF HIS FLESH AND OF HIS BONES."
But now the 1970 St. Joseph NAB and the 1985 New Jerusalem bible omit the words and read like the ESV, NIV, NASB, RV, ASV, RSV, NET, Holman, ISV and Common English Version - "For we are members of his body." (St. Joseph New American Bible 1970)
BUT, once again the Catholics have come out with a new version in 2009 called The Catholic Public Domain Version, and it now puts the words back into the text. It reads: "For we are a part of his body, OF HIS FLESH AND OF HIS BONES."
The entire verse as it stands in the Traditional Reformation text followed by the King James Bible is found in the following Bible translations: Wycliffe 1395 - "And we ben membris of his bodi, of his fleisch, and of his boonys.", Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, the Great Bible (Cranmer) 1540 - "For we are members of his body, of his flesshe, and of hys bones.", Matthew's Bible 1549, Whiston's Primitive N.T. 1745, Living Oracles 1835, Murdock's Translation of the Syriac 1852 and Lamsa's translation of the Syriac Peshitta, Noyes Translation 1869, The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript 1918 by Henry Anderson - "for we are members of his body, of his flesh and of his bones.", Wesley's translation 1755, Youngs 1898, Darby 1890, World English Bible, NKJV 1982, the Jubilee Bible 2000, the Aramaic Bible in Plain English 2010 - "Because we are members of his body and we are of his flesh and of his bones.", the Knox Bible of 2012 and the Natural Israelite Bible 2012.
Among foreign language Bible that contain "of his flesh and of his bones." are the Spanish Sagradas Escrituras 1569, Cipriano de Valera 1602, the Spanish Reina Valeras 1909 - 1995, R.V. Contemporánea 2011 and the R.V. Gómez 2010 - "porque somos miembros de su cuerpo, de su carne y de sus huesos.", the Portuguese Almeida Corregida E Fiel of 1681 - "Porque somos membros do seu corpo, da sua carne, e dos seus ossos.", the French Martin 1744, French Ostervald 1996 and the French Louis Segond 2007 - "Car nous sommes membres de son corps, étant de sa chair, et de ses os.", the Italian Diodati 1649, La Nuova Diodati 1991 and La Nueva Riveduta of 2006 - "poich noi siamo membra del suo corpo, della sua carne e delle sue ossa.", Luther's German Bible 1545 and the 2000 German Schlachter Bible - "Denn wir sind die Glieder seines Leibes, von seinem Fleisch und von seinem Gebein."
Other Foreign language Bibles that contain these words are the Afrikaans Bible 1953 "van sy vlees en van sy bene.", the Finnish Bible 1776 - "Sillä me olemme hänen ruumiinsa jäsenet, hänen lihastansa ja luistansa.", the Hungarian Károli - "Mert az Õ testének tagjai vagyunk, az Õ testébõl és az Õ csontjaiból valók.", the Romanian Cornilescu and the 2009 Romanian Fidela Bible - "pentrucă noi sîntem mădulare ale trupului Lui, carne din carnea Lui şi os din oasele Lui.", the Russian Synodal Version - "потому что мы члены тела Его, от плоти Его и от костей Его.", the Ukranian N.T. - "тим що ми члени тіла Його, від тіла Його і від костей Його.", the Chinese Union Traditional Bible, the Polish Gdanska Bible - "Gdyżeśmy członkami ciała jego, z ciała jego i z kości jego.", the Tagalog Ang Dating Biblia 1905 - "Sapagka't tayo ay mga sangkap ng kaniyang katawan.", the Greek N.T. used by the Greek Orthodox Church all over the world and the Modern Greek Bible - "ὅτι μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὀστέων αὐτοῦ·
Just a few of the Bible commentators who believed these words are inspired Scripture are John Calvin, John Wesley, Matthew Poole, David Guzik, Matthew Henry, Charles Spurgeon and John Gill - "Of his flesh and of his bones: for so the church may be called, his own flesh, his flesh and bones, on account of the marriage relation she stands in to him, and that spiritual union there is between them, which these phrases are expressive of; and which the near relation of man and wife is an emblem of; these words are wanting in the Alexandrian copy."
130-202 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Ante-Nicene Fathers - Volume 1 - Apostolic Fathers, Irenaeus - Against Heresies: Book 5 - Chapter 2. When Christ visited us in His grace, He did not come to what did not belong to Him: also, by shedding His true blood for us, and exhibiting to us His true flesh in the Eucharist, He conferred upon our flesh the capacity of salvation.
From which things the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they affirm that the flesh is incapable of receiving the gift of God, which is life eternal, which [flesh] is nourished from the body and blood of the Lord, and is a member of Him?-even as THE BLESSED PAUL DECLARES IN HIS EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS, THAT "WE ARE MEMBERS OF HIS BODY, OF HIS FLESH, AND OF HIS BONES."[15] EPH 5:30.
312 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Ante-Nicene Fathers - Volume 6 - Methodius - The Banquet of the Ten Virgins - Discourse 2. Theophila. - Chapter 2. Generation Something Akin to the First Formation of Eve from the Side and Nature of Adam; God the Creator of Men in Ordinary Generation.
When thirsting for children a man falls into a kind of trance,[1] Remark the connection, ἒκστασις and εξίσταται. softened and subdued by the pleasures of generation as by sleep, so that again something drawn from HIS FLESH AND FROM HIS BONES is, as I said, fashioned into another
312 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Ante-Nicene Fathers - Volume 6 - Methodius - The Banquet of the Ten Virgins - Discourse 3. Thaleia. - Chapter 1. Passages of Holy Scripture Compared.
But he, more spiritually referring the passage to Christ, thus teaches: "He that loveth his wife loveth himself. For no man ever yet hated his own flesh, but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the Church: FOR WE ARE MEMBERS OF HIS BODY, OF HIS FLESH, AND OF HIS BONES. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the Church."[4] EPH 5:28-32.
312 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Ante-Nicene Fathers - Volume 6 - Methodius - The Banquet of the Ten Virgins - Discourse 3. Thaleia. - Chapter 8. The Bones and Flesh of Wisdom; The Side Out of Which the Spiritual Eve is Formed, the Holy Spirit; The Woman the Help-Meet of Adam; Virgins Betrothed to Christ.
Whence it was that THE APOSTLE DIRECTLY REFERRED TO CHRIST the words which had been spoken of Adam. For thus will it be most certainly agreed that the Church is formed OUT OF HIS BONES AND FLESH; EPH 5:30and it was for this cause that the Word, leaving His Father in heaven, came down to be "joined to His wife; "[1] EPH 5:31…for otherwise the Church could not conceive believers, and give them new birth by the laver of regeneration, unless Christ, emptying Himself for their sake, that He might be contained by them, as I said, through the recapitulation of His passion, should die again, coming down from heaven, and being "joined to His wife," the Church, should provide for a certain power being taken from His own side, so that all who are built up in Him should grow up, even those who are born again by the laver, receiving OF HIS BONES AND OF HIS FLESH, EPH 5:30 that is, of His holiness and of His glory. For he who says that THE BONES AND FLESH of Wisdom are understanding and virtue, says most rightly; and that the side[4] Rib. is the Spirit of truth, the Paraclete, of whom the illuminated[5] Commonly used by the Greek Fathers for the Baptized. ...
347-407 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers - First Series - Volume 13 - Saint Chrysostom: - The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians. - Homilies on Ephesians. - Ephesians 5:22-33
Ver 29. "For no man ever hated his own flesh, but nourisheth and cherisheth it."
That is, tends it with exceeding care. And how is she his flesh? Hearken; "This now is bone of my bones," saith Adam, "and flesh of my flesh." (Gen 2:23.) For she is made of matter taken from us. And not only so, but also, "they shall be," saith God, "one flesh." (Gen 2:24.)
"Even as Christ also the Church." Here he returns to the former example.
Ver 31. "For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and the twain shall become one flesh."
347-407 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers - First Series - Volume 14 - Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on the Gospel of St. John, Hebrews - The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John. - Homily 46 - John 6:41,42
[3.] ...Wherefore it is necessary to understand the marvel of the Mysteries, what it is, why it was given, and what is the profit of the action. We become one Body, and "MEMBERS OF HIS FLESH AND OF HIS BONES." ( EPH 5:30 .)
347-407 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers - First Series - Volume 14 - Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on the Gospel of St. John, Hebrews - The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the Hebrews. - Homily VI - Hebrews 3.7-11
Then he adds ( ver 14 ), "For we have been made partakers of Christ." What is this, "We have been made partakers of Christ"? We partake of Him (he means); we were made One, we and He—since He is the Head and we the body, "fellow-heirs and of the same body; we are one body, OF HIS FLESH AND OF HIS BONES." ( Eph 3:6; Rom 12:5; EPH 5:30 .)
313-386 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers - Second Series - Volume 7 - Cyril of Jerusalem - The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril. - Introduction. - Eucharistic Doctrine.
However much this view of the Sacramental mystery may differ from later theories, it was certainly held by many of the Greek Fathers. Irenæus, for example, in addition to those already mentioned, thus writes: "When therefore both the mingled cup and the created bread receive the Word of God, and the Eucharist becomes the Body of Christ, and from these the substance of our flesh increaseth and consisteth, how say they that the flesh is incapable of the gift of God which is eternal life, that flesh which is nourished from the Body and Blood of the Lord, and is already (ὑπάρχουσα) a member of Him?—even as THE BLESSED PAUL SAITH, THAT WE ARE MEMBERS OF HIS BODY, OF HIS FLESH, AND OF HIS BONES[18]."
400-461 A.D. Early Church Fathers - Nicene & Post-Nicene Fathers - Second Series - Volume 12 - Leo the Great - The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great. - Letters. - To the Clergy and People of the City of Constantinople.
Hence whosoever confesses not the human body in Christ, must know that he is unworthy of the mystery of the Incarnation, and has no share in that sacred union of which THE APOSTLE SPEAKS, SAYING, "FOR WE ARE HIS MEMBERS, OF HIS FLESH AND OF HIS BONES. For this cause a man shall leave father and mother and shall cleave to his wife, and there shall be two in one flesh[11] EPH 5:30-31, 32.." And explaining what was meant by this, he added, "This mystery is great, but I speak in respect of Christ and the Church."
So, once again it comes down to either you are going to follow and believe the Biblical text of the Reformation Bibles or you are going to follow the new Vatican Versions like the modern Catholic versions, the ESV, NIV, NASB, Holman, ISV etc.
"Mystery, Babylon the Great, The Mother of Harlots and Abominations of the Earth..is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit...and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication...Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins" Revelation 17:2-5; 18:2-4
Undeniable Proof the ESV, NIV, NASB, Holman Standard, NET etc. are the new "Vatican Versions"
Return to articles - http://brandplucked.webs.com/kjbarticles.htm


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Only just over a mile from Eastham Hall Caravan Park, the 1940s will be brought to life with a bang at the popular Lytham 1940s Festival ! From the dark days of Dunkirk, through the blitz and hard times on the home front to D-Day and victory in Europe and Asia, come join in the atmosphere and immerse yourself in a brilliant weekend of entertainment, re-enactment and have-a-go fun!
Historic Vehicles, music and dance, memorabilia, thrilling battles, educational talks and demonstrations plus living history camp!
'The Arena' - Witness a mock WW2 battle scene using authentic uniforms and equipment. The re-enactments and battle display area will be cordoned off for simulated gun fire/bomb blasts. The shows will have a commentator and will explain the action taking place within the arena.
Family Fun as children are put through an obstacle course or learn a home guard drill. Listen to the sounds of the 40's stage as performers sing favourite tunes of that time.
Lytham Green is a short 20 min walk from Eastham Hall - take a look at our location. Great local taxi service too if required Whitesides Taxis or Premier Fylde Taxis.
If you require any further information please refer to our Local Tourist Information.
To book at pitch at Eastham Hall today complete our booking form

subset: commoncrawl


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Bunny Brown and his Sister Sue by Laura Lee Hope
Chapter XIII. Sue and the Goat
Bunny Brown and his mother walked out of the front yard to the street. As they passed the side dining room window, Aunt Lu saw them, and asked:
"Where are you going?"
"To look for Sue," explained Mrs. Brown. "She seems to have wandered off somewhere all by herself, and I don't want her lost again. It isn't so bad when Bunny and Sue both get lost," the mother went on, "for they can help find one another. But if Sue is all alone she may get frightened."
"Do you really think she is lost again?" asked Aunt Lu. "If she is I'll come and help look for her. Or, perhaps, we'd better get Bunker Blue."
"Oh, no, I really don't think she is lost," said Mrs. Brown. "She has, most likely, just walked down the street. Bunny and I will find her."
"Lots of things get lost here," Bunny remarked. "Sue and I got lost, but we found a dog; didn't we, Splash?" he asked, and the dog barked.
"Yes, and my lovely ring is lost, and it hasn't been found," and Aunt Lu looked at the finger on which used to sparkle the diamond.
"I wish I could find it for you," said Bunny. "But Sue and I have looked everywhere."
"I know you have, my dear."
As Bunny and his mother reached the street they saw Jed Winkler walking along, carrying a long chain that rattled.
"Oh, Jed, have you seen Sue?" asked Mrs. Brown. "She was here a while ago, but she went off by herself, and I'm afraid she's lost."
"Don't worry, ma'am," said the old sailor. "She's just down the street a few houses. I saw her as I came past. She's playing with Sadie West, in her yard."
"Oh, that's all right, then!" exclaimed Mrs. Brown. "Sue often goes there. Is anyone else with her, Jed?"
"Yes, a lot of children."
"May I go down there and play, too?" asked Bunny. "Are there any boys there, Mr. Winkler?"
"Some. I saw Charlie Star and Harry Bentley," and the old sailor laughed as he rattled the chain.
Bunny did not mind playing with his sister Sue, but he did not want to take part in games with too many girls, for sometimes the older boys called him "sissy." And Bunny did not like that.
"Well, if there are other fellers there, I'll go and play," said Bunny, as he started off to join Sue. Then he happened to think of the chain the old sailor was carrying.
"What's it for?" asked the small boy.
"It's a new chain for Wango, my monkey," explained the sailor. "He hasn't been very well, lately, and I had the horse-doctor look him over."
"That's funny," said Bunny. "To have a horse-doctor for a monkey."
"Well, if there had been a monkey-doctor in town I'd have had him for Wango," went on Mr. Winkler, "but as there wasn't any I had to do the next best thing. The horse-doctor said my monkey was being kept in the cage too much.
"So I got this long chain, and I'm going to fasten one end of it to a collar, to go around Wango's neck, and tie the other end of the chain to the porch railing, so he can't get away. Then I can let Wango stay outdoors when the weather is good, and he will get well. At night I will put him in his cage again." "And the chain won't let him run away," commented Bunny.
"That's it, little man, the chain won't let Wango run away," said the sailor. "That is, I hope it won't, though he often gets out of his cage. He's quite a tricky monkey."
Mr. Winkler went on down the street, rattling the monkey-chain, and Mrs. Brown, no longer worried about Sue, turned back into the yard, while Bunny hurried on, as fast as his little legs would take him, to Sadie West's yard, where he found his sister and several of their chums having a good time.
They had made a see-saw, by putting a plank over a box, and were swaying up and down on this, some children on one end of the plank and some on the other. As soon as Bunny came running in the yard, Sue called out:
"Oh, goodie! Here's my brother. Now he can teeter-tauter up and down. Come on, Bunny, you can have my place!"
Sue was so eager to give Bunny her place, and a chance to ride, that she slid off the board suddenly. Then that left too many little ones on the other end, and they went down, all at once, with a bump!
Sadie West was spilled off, and so was Charlie Star and Harry Bentley. They all fell in a heap, but as the green grass was long, and soft, no one was hurt.
"Don't do that again, Sue!" called Charlie, "You upset us all."
"I won't," Sue promised. "Come on, Bunny. It's your turn now."
"I don't want any turn at falling," Bunny said, with a laugh.
Once more the plank over the box swayed up and down, giving the children a ride. After a while, getting tired of that, they played in a swing and also in a hammock, having more fun.
Then it was dinner time, and Sadie's mother told her to come in and wash before going to the table. The other children knew it must be time for their meals also, so, calling good-byes to one another, they scattered.
"Come over again," Sadie invited them.
"We will!" promised Bunny.
"Let's go home this way, across the lot," suggested Sue, as she and Bunny started out.
"Oh, I don't want to," Bunny answered. "It's quicker to go by the street, and around the corner. And I want to look in Mrs. Redden's window, and see what she's got new."
"Well, you go that way," Sue agreed, "and I'll go across lots, and we'll see who gets there first."
"That's just like little Red Riding Hood and the wolf," said Bunny with a laugh. Sue looked quickly over her shoulder.
"But there's no wolf here," Bunny went on quickly. "You go ahead, Sue, over the lot, and I'll go by the street."
There was a large vacant lot, near where Sadie West lived, and by crossing it, and going out at the far end, the Brown children could reach their home. So Sue started across the lot, crawling through a hole in the fence.
Bunny started down the street, going quite fast, for he wanted to spend a few minutes looking in the window of the toy shop, and he also wanted to get home first, ahead of Sue.
But he had not gone far before he heard his sister calling:
"Bunny! Oh, Bunny! Oh, dear! He's coming after me!"
Bunny turned and ran back. Looking through the fence that was built around the lot, he saw a big goat, with long horns, walking toward Sue. And the little girl, who had picked a few daisies, was standing in the tall grass, too frightened to run back and crawl through the fence.
"Bunny! Bunny! Take the goat away!" Sue cried.


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Gamification in retail environments
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Thank you! It truly was an amazing event. Feedback from our senior management was extremely positive, and everyone who visited the centre absolutely loved all the hoarding and banners we worked so hard on.
The graphics truly turned out FABULOUS. We cannot thank you enough for ALL your efforts over the past several weeks...what an accomplishment in such a short amount of time!
Zonder jullie inzet en enthousiasme hadden we vandaag niet de deuren kunnen openen, waarvoor super bedankt!
Thank you for your assistance and speediness with this massive, last minute project. The graphics look amazing. They are very cool.
The results of the first project were even better than I expected. I was pleasantly surprised how clear and bright the graphics look!
Your creative ideas and excellent execution played a major part in the success of grand opening. I heard many positive comments and saw people using your interactive elements throughout the day. I'm looking forward to the next time we get to work with your team.
Het werk wat jullie geleverd hebben en het resultaat is mooi! Bedankt voor de werkzaamheden die jullie verricht hebben en heb ik weer zo'n klus dan zal ik je benaderen!
Für die schnelle, gute und unkomplizierte Montage möchten wir uns recht herzlich bedanken. Mit der Ausführung sind wir überaus zufrieden.
Again great job and thank you. While we prefer not to have barricades up in our malls, if we have to then I'd always want them covered by your designs.
OMG – you guys totally nailed this!!!! This is some of the best execution with minimal direction in a short period of time that I've ever seen…. Put that referral on your website if you want!
J'étais sur site hier. J'ai pu voir toutes vos vitrines qui rendent vraiment très bien, beau travail. Je ne doute pas qu'elles plairont à toutes les autres personnes qui s'y rendront.


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ANC congratulates comrade Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma for WPL forum lifetime achievement award
30 November 2017
The African National Congress congratulates National Executive Committee member and former Chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission, Comrade Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma for being honoured with the Women Political Leaders (WPL) Forum lifetime achievement award yesterday, 29 November 2017.
Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma was awarded with this honour at the WPL Annual Global Summit which took place at Reykjavik, Iceland from the 28th to 30th November 2017. A medical doctor by profession and selfless freedom fighter, Cde Dlamini-Zuma was elected as the Chairperson of the AU Commission in 2012, becoming the first woman in five decades to lead the continental organisation.
During her tenure as the Chairperson of the AU Commission, Dr Dlamini-Zuma led from the front in the adoption of the AU Agenda 2063 at the organisation's 24th Ordinary Assembly in 2015. Agenda 2063 is "A strategic framework for the socio-economic transformation of the continent over next 50 years"
Comrade Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is well deserving of this honour. She has dedicated her life to service of our people. She is and remains an exemplary leader and inspiration not only to women leaders but to all progressive forces committed to clean governance, visionary leadership and an uncompromising commitment to bettering the lives of our people.
Issued by the African National Congress
Khusela Sangoni
072 854 5707
National Communications Manager


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Published 19 September 2017
Application for adoption — refugees — Iraq — Adoption Act 1955. The applicants sought to adopt the 17 year old brother of the first applicant who was living in Iraq. The court took into consideration the relationship between the applicants and the child, the level of support provided by the applicants, the situation in Iraq and the views of the child about whom the application was made. The court found that the applicants were fit and proper people to have custody, that the welfare and interests of the child would be promoted by the adoption, that sufficient enquiries were made, especially given the climate in Iraq, and the applicants were granted an interim adoption order. Judgment Date: 13 March 2017. * * * Note: Names have been changed to comply with legal requirements * * *
This website explains many of the things you might want to know if you are coming to the Youth Court, or just wondering how the Youth Court works.Visit website›
Ministry of Justice website with information on family issues including about going to court, forms and other times when you may need help.Visit website›
For information about courts and tribunals, including going to court, finding a court & collection of fines and reparation.Visit website›
On this site you will find information about our Supreme Court, Court of Appeal and High Court including recent decisions, daily lists and news.Visit website›


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1) no spamming. i'm not just talking about links to porn sites and things like that, but I also mean posts that only contain the word "lul" or "rl4hoihf4".
2)swearing. ok, just don't say the words sh*t, fu<k, or worse words than that.
3)cheating. if you figure out a way, don't. this means multi accounts.
4)porn. dude, it's a pokemon game. don't put porn in a pokemon game.
that's about it.
5)teams. If your in a team, don't go into another team's base, unless on a spy mission, or you are changing teams.
6)regions. you can't play in 2 regions at the same time. However, you may move between them.
7)Please, register in the forum first, and then sign up for the RPG.
If i'm not online I have a very good reason. Simply wait, and within 5 min-1 day at most, i'll get back to you.


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I like to make fun of hipsters. I have relatives who could be described as hipsters. They grow their own mushrooms. They are certified urban composters. They collect childish things, ironically. They shop in thrift stores, but spend a lot of money doing so.
And, the other day it dawned on me . . . could I be a trending towards hipsterdom too?
I use a coffee maker that looks vaguely like this:
I've had it a hundred years. It makes a nice double shot in less time than it takes for my cats to eat their breakfast. I have a more complicated one, too. It has a spout for steaming milk. I rarely use it, since it actually takes a long time to make the coffee and then reheat for steaming milk.
I admit, I have a bit of a mason jar fetish. They make handy storage containers that are easily washed and don't contribute to the trash. And, making chocolate milk in them makes since, since shaking it makes for a nice, chocolaty foam. Chocolate foam, who wouldn't want in on that?
While visiting a friend this weekend, she left out her coffee maker for me to use when I got up. It was a melita drip cone . . . like I used in college. Only hers had an opening you could see your coffee level through and not over fill your cup. That would have been so handy in college.
So, keep your super expensive and landfill filling coffee gadgets. I'm happy with my very old, very basic coffee maker. Someday, ya'll will be coming back to the real way to make coffee.


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|May '16
|4:30 pm
Fish Truck Visits Russell Feed Azle on Monday, May 23rd
Orders preferred * Walk-ups Welcome* Free Consultation
It's pond and lake stocking time!
Dunn's Fish Farm delivery truck arrives at Russell Feed's Azle location on Monday, May 23rd from 4:30 to 5:30pm. Call Dunn's at 800.433.2950 to place your order today.
Go to Dunn's website here for pond calculators, stocking rates and fish pricing.
Russell Feed has all your Pond and Lake Supplies. Turtle Traps, Fish Feeders, Liquid Pond Fertilizer, Fish Traps, Aerators, Fountains, Pond and Lake Treatments.
Russell Feed and Supply
1312 NW Parkway
Azle, TX


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Today's the day! "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" had its worldwide premiere in Los Angeles.
All of Hollywood Boulevard is shut down and has been decorated for the big event at not one, but three theaters in LA.
The movie's stars and other celebrities arrived on the red carpet starting at 5:30 p.m. PST.
Keep reading to see who attended "The Force Awakens" premiere.


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|Africa White Pages African / International white pages
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|Find in the White Pages Morocco - List of Phone Numbers and Addresses. Search Information from companies, businesses and professional services.
|Phone Book Morocco. How to find phone numbers by Name, Phone or Address.
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|In the White Pages of Morocco you can find : phone numbers, addresses, residential, commercial, faxes, maps, internet websites, email contacts and companies.
|Pages Blanches Morocco
|Paginas Blancas Morocco


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There's a lot of equipment that needs to go into commercial kitchens: ranges, mixers, sinks, food storage and more. Plus, sufficient space must be provided for cooks and kitchen staff to work. Even with these space constraints, the kitchen must comply with safety and environmental regulations, all while making sure that fats, oil and grease (FOG) in kitchen wastewater do not reach the sewer system.
And more often than not, kitchen designers are being asked to do more with less space, or do more with space that was not originally built to house commercial food service facilities.
For more than 33 years, Thermaco has been designing and manufacturing innovative grease traps and grease interceptors that work better, last longer and can go places where traditional concrete traps simply will not fit.
Our Big Dipper is designed to remove grease from wastewater at the source. It can sit unobtrusively underneath or next to a commercial sink.
The super capacity, high efficiency Trapzilla line has a variety of installation options. It can go indoors or out, between floors or in the basement — whatever works.
And we have a full range of accessories and add-ons to solve whatever design problems you may be facing.
Below you'll find links to key technical documents, including specifications and CAD drawings (DWG files) for our Thermaco and Trapzilla lines. If you have engineering questions related to the Thermaco system, please contact us. Our systems are installed in thousands of food service establishments around the world and we're happy to provide you with any additional information and technical assistance you need.


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Immunizations and Proof of Physical Examination
Based on CDC Guidelines, accepted students must provide proof of the following immunizations: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR), Hepatitis B Series, TB Screening (PPD), Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis (Tdap) and varicella. A medical history and examination must also be completed and submitted to Employee/ Student Health Services before registration. An annual PPD and Influenza vaccine will also be required of the student.
The UAMS Physician Assistant Program requires specific immunizations and tuberculosis (TB) screening to safeguard the health of PA students and protect patients and others from being infected with vaccine-preventable diseases or TB. Immunizations and TB screening must be completed by the student prior to matriculation.
The requirements have been established according to the CDC Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Requirements.


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Full quote »
"I am a Nigerian woman. Ain't no one spitting and pissing on me. Go check the stats - we do well in America, well educated, good morals, and actually marry each other. So don't involve me in this war of pathology you African-Americans got going on. Both sides have issues." - Toni Osinubi


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Chase Bonus Disappearing
Come December 2015, Chase Checking Customers won't be earning 10% annual bonus on new purchases. The final bonus will come in early 2016. Very disappointing for Cheap Business Class Aficionados who max out the $6000 annual 5x categories. Those 30,000 reward points are easy points.
Chase claims they may offer bonus points through special incentive programs, but it's still cruel.
And here's the cruelest part, as of October 25, 2014, your points will now be calculated based on the actual cost of the flight, hence lowering the value of your points.
We suggest taking advantage of the points and profit while you still can, but keep your eyes open for the next great deal.
Bon Voyage, Cheap Business Class Aficionado!
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Chemical Description - PEG-7 Amodimethicone
Product Name - Silsense A-21 Silicone
Product Overview - Silsense A-21 Silicone is a cationic conditioning agent which has a very high substantivity to hair. It is easily incorporates into aqueous systems without needing an emulsifier and without adversely affecting the clarity of formulations. Silsense A21 Silicone is recommended for use in shampoos, conditioners, and rinse off shower products.
INCI - PEG-7 Amodimethicone
Product Information - Link to supplier's website