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Brutal, the roads these days are brutal. Try taking Ten Mile East from Kelly, and then getting on eastbound I-94! Or, take a drive down I-696 ... you pick your stretch. I am sure there are many other 'favorite places' to be thought of. It is pothole season, and the roads are brutal. The roads may be brutal, but remember, "when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, he saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit." (Titus 3.4-5)
Brutal, the weather this winter has been brutal. Bitter cold temperatures followed by 9 straight days of snowfall. The snow-piles on the corners in our neighborhood are huge - and difficult to see around. The temperatures tease us one day with a little warmth, and then plummet back down to frigid ... and all the tease seems to do is thin our blood and nurture the germs. The weather this winter has been brutal, but "when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, ... (the Holy Spirit was) poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that being justified by his grace we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life." (Titus 3.4, 6-7)
Brutal, life in our world is brutal. "17 DIE IN RAMPAGE" is the headline of today's Free Press. Other pages speak of international hostilities, police killings, and party politics. And the horrendous accounts of sexual assaults and abuse seen to be never-ending. Brutal, life in our world is brutal, but "the Lord is faithful in all his words and kind in all his works." (Psalm 145.13)
Brutal, cancer, and its treatment, is brutal. The word itself can make the brave tremble and weaken the knees of a strongman. It comes out of nowhere, and then then sneaks into anywhere and everywhere. And, say what they want about all the progress being made in treatments and the search for a cure, few people look forward to the surgeries, radiation or chemotherapy prescribed. Brutal, cancer and its treatment are brutal, but "great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised, and his greatness is unsearchable. ... the Lord is good to all, and his mercy is over all that he has made." (Psalm 145.3, 9)
Brutal, the aging process is brutal. The little hair that I have left is gray around the edges ... unless, of course, it chooses to grow in those places where it's only a nuisance. The aches and pains increase, and twenty minute tasks become two hour ones. We have to sit down to rest, and then have a hard time getting back up. Your mind keeps going when your body stops ... unless, of course, it is the other way around. Brutal, the aging process is brutal, but God, who is love, "is patient and kind; he does out envy or boast; he is not arrogant or rude. He does not insist on his own way; he is not irritable or resentful; he does not rejoice at wrongdoing but rejoices with the truth.. He bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things endures all things. He never ends." (1 Corinthians 15.4-8)
Calm ... civilized ...compassionate ... courteous ... friendly ... gentle ... generous ... humane ... tender. All of these words are listed as antonyms for brutal ... and all have been used regularly to describe our God in Christ Jesus ... who as he "richly pours out on us the Holy Spirit" is at work transforming us from the barbaric, boorish, coarse and vulgar brutes we are by nature ... into his calm, compassionate, friendly, generous and tender likeness.
Brutal, the world is brutal. And the only true antidote is God and his mercy in Christ Jesus. "Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God - this is your true and proper worship. Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is - his good, pleasing and perfect will." (Romans 12.1-2)
I don't know about you, but those words give me all I need to jump into the opportunities to make a difference that this day will offer.


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Interstate 95 is among the nation's five deadliest roads, according to an analysis of traffic fatalities by online auto insurance quote site EverQuote.
We can hear you now: Tell us something we don't know.
Well, how about this: I-95 doesn't top the list of Florida roads. That dishonor goes to No. 1 Interstate 4. The ribbon from Daytona Beach to Tampa runs through Orlando, where Florida-style driving meets tourists checking GPS for the nearest suitable chain restaurant.
Florida is touched by three of the top 10 deadly roads, including No. 7 Interstate 10. While Florida can take no blame for large portions I-95 and I-10, the Sunshine State contains all of I-4, the deadliest road.
Distracted driving plays a role in EverQuote's breakdown. The site used National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from 2010-2015. I-4 averaged 1.41 fatalities per mile. I-95 averaged 0.89 fatalities per mile, only No. 5 nationally.
Over the NHTSA numbers, EverQuote laid data from its EverDrive app that measures phone usage while driving to gauge the effect of electronic distractions.
"While it's difficult to say for sure what impacts these crashes, there are some commonalities between the most lethal interstates, including high traffic volume, risky driving habits and a lack of distracted driving legislationm," EverQuote's breakdown says.
EverQuote found "Florida drivers use their phone on average 1.4 phone uses per trip and the state ranks second worst nationally for phone use while driving. In Florida, the distracted driving law is only a secondary offense so drivers cannot be pulled over unless another violation is committed."
Texas wholly contains two of the top 10 roads, Interstates 45 and 30, and are touched by another two, Interstate 37 and the lengthy I-10. Three of the top 10 — Interstate 17, Interstate 19 and, you guessed it, I-10 — run through Arizona.
"Arizona, like Texas, has no statewide distracted driving laws and is one of only four states that has yet to pass a ban," according to the breakdown.
David J. Neal: 305-376-3559, @DavidJNeal

subset: commoncrawl


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Work parties take place every other Sunday from September to March each year and include biodiversity management and monitoring work. Whilst all sessions are dependent on weather, most work goes ahead as planned. The tasks carried out are as specified in the Heath Management Plan and include sapling control, dry hedging and heather seeding. See our dates below.
Some summer tasks, such as path restoration and bracken control, are added when the work is required.
In the winter months we work on maintaining the mosaic habitats of the heath, by controlling encroachment of saplings and bramble into the previously open areas. There are plenty of tasks involved, from sapling removal, cutting of brash and bramble, and raking. Prunings, whips and other brash is often woven into dry hedges. This is all great experience for young people hoping to develop a career in this area.
You do not need special skills and all ages are welcome.
We meet at either the Little School Car Park in Heath Road, or the Sussex Road Car Park, at 10am. The sessions last for about 3 hours. Alternatively look for our sail flag! Please bring your own refreshments.
You should bring waterproof and/or windproof clothing, good strong gloves and protective footwear. If you have tools such as shears, small saws, bill-hooks or spades, these can be useful.
Contact Mark Greef for further details of each session…but the best thing to do is come along and watch or participate, or just enjoy being on the Heath.
Sunday Work Parties Winter Season 2017-2018
September 17
October 1, 15, 29
November 5*, 26
December 10
January 7, 21
February 4, 18
March 4
*avoiding Remembrance Sunday


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I don't know you, but if you are anything like me, then it is highly likely you have a family. And based on my experience, I feel sorry for anybody who has one.
Back in the days of Jesus, Peter once asked the Lord, "How oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him?" Upon reading this, I immediately empathized with Peter's frustration. No doubt, that very morning, Peter just found out that his brother stole his Gameboy (or biblical equivalent) and pawned it for drug money. Peter was hoping for an easy way to write off his family, guilt free. The Lord's response must have been disheartening, "I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven."
Many claim this is a figure of speech meaning eternal forgiveness, but I'm motivated to takie it literally. Is this an unachievable goal? Well, my family experience has certainly made it a goal to shoot for.
So join me as I chronicle my attempts to forgive my family for everything they have done to me over the past 3 decades with the objective of relieving me from this commandment once and for all.
By the way, as you read these stories, understand that the first names of my family have been changed in fear that their identities might be stolen, and mostly because I feel sorry for the people who ends up with those identities.
Now let's meet the family:
Chandler Moon (Songwriter & Forgiveness Counter)
Chandler is the youngest son and uncontested favorite child. He has spent a good portion of his life on earth being subjected to the chaos that is his family and consequently shaking his head in disbelief. Psychologists unanimously agree that Chandler uses humor to suppress disturbing emotional trauma. According to some, "Chandler has no hope of a normal life."
Sonny Moon (Dad & Wannabe Mountain Man)
Sonny is the father of the Moon family. This is only a stepping stone on the way to his dream of being a free-roaming mountain man. He currently struggles with the fast paced realities of the 21st century. He also struggled with a good portion of the 20th century. Understandably, he finds himself so bewildered about the here and now that it forces him to take a nap on the couch.
Starla Moon (Mom & Steak Over-Cooker)
Starla is the mother and spiritual torch bearer. Mother has spent a lot of time preparing for this role by praying–not so much that she would be good at it, but that all the other family members wouldn't drive her insane. So far, the prayers have not worked. She is also known as the "Over-cooker of Steak".
Amanda Moon (Sister & Vampire)
Amanda is Chandler's sister. Amanda missed her chance to star as a character in a supernatural movie, but critics agree she could have played a very convincing vampire. When Chandler and Amanda are around each other, all the other cast members think they act weird. She is best known for her catch phrase, "I'm sorry, Mom and Dad."
Mooner Moon (Brother & Torturer)
Mooner is Chandler's older brother. Mooner got his nickname from his hell-raising friends during a period in his life when he was a menace to society. He was put on this earth to help others learn from his mistakes.
Ruby Moon (Wife & Support System)
Ruby is Chandler beautiful wife and offers indefatigable support. For reasons that can't be explained, she joined the the Moon Family and usually has a good attitude about it. For this she has secured for herself a place in heaven.
Bandit (Family Dog & Nothing Else)
Bandit is the family dog. Bandit was the runt of the litter and has been trying to prove himself ever since, just like Chandler.


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St. Petersburg, June 30, 2015, 15:12 – REGNUM a four-meter dolls Dostoyevsky, Pushkin, Chekhov and Gogol held Nevsky Prospect in the Day of Dostoevsky. On this, as the correspondent of IA REGNUM today, June 30, said at a press conference in the Culture Committee.
A traditional festival in honor of Fyodor Dostoyevsky will be held this year on July 4. Date selected in connection with the beginning of the novel "Crime and Punishment", whose action begins on a hot July day. According to the committee Constantine Sukhenko , the name of Dostoevsky in the world perhaps more popular of St. Petersburg, the name of the writer known all over the world.
The exhibition "Dostoevsky's House" will be shown the installation, Art objects of contemporary artists. In urban areas will host a series of lectures on the works of Dostoevsky and the influence of his work on contemporary authors. Based on the works Petersburg writer will be organized art workshops and a duel between artists and actors of street-art. July 4 will show foreign film adaptation, including Aki Kaurismaki , Luchino Visconti , Andrzej Wajda. The city will conduct tours of the sites of Dostoevsky, for Nevsky Prospekt are walking characters of the XIX century.
In the window "Barrister" on Nevsky will be organized people read the novel "Crime and Punishment." On Manezh Square held outside the premiere of the film "Crime and Punishment" in 2007. Finished the day Dostoevsky performance FMD-Theatre "In early July, an exceptionally hot" with the participation of 50 actors and groups of Billy's Band. Performance will affect not only the interpretation of Dostoevsky, but Pushkin, Gogol, the actors will show not only the elements of theater, but also of circus arts.
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24 Club
The Math 24 Club meets each Monday after school until 4:30. If you enjoy mathematical problem solving in a competitive environment, then the Math 24 Club is for you. Math 24 is open to sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. Please have your rides out front by 4:30. We look forward to seeing you.
AOK Club
The goal of the Random Acts of Kindness club is to spread kindness throughout out our school culture.
Art Club
Ms. Malady sponsors the Art Club.
Battle of the Books
Battle of the Books is a fun reading competition in which teams of students compete against each other in a quiz-like setting answering questions related to the books on the Battle of the Books lists. Students interested in joining Battle of the Books should start reading titles on the books list to prepare for the school-wide Battle of the Books quiz. Students who have read at least five books on the Battle of the Books list are eligible to take the quiz in the media center during their LA class. The top 12 scorers on the quiz will be invited to join the MRMS Battle of the Books team.
Ms. Mann coaches the Battle of the Books Team.
Computer Club
This club will offer opportunities for students to explore the wonders of computer programming. Students can share ideas, be creative, develop their programming skills and collaborate with peers on each grade level as well as with teachers and administration. They can participate in a computer summer camp and this will allow them to establish relationships with other students who have the same passion (a love of coding). Ms. Jowers leads the Computer Club.
FCA (Fellowship of Christian Athletes)
FCA meets in the media center on Tuesday mornings at 7:55 am beginning in September. All are welcome. Mr. Myers sponsor FCA.
Junior Beta Club
Beta Club is an academic service organization that enhances student character, provides opportunities for leadership and promotes academic growth. Students are required to maintain a 92% overall average and complete 3 hours of community service in each six week grading period. Ms. Wimbush and Ms. Cass sponsor the Beta Club. Open this link for more infomation.Mavericks Engineering & RoboticsThe Mavericks Engineering & Robotics club competes in tournaments that test students engineering skills on teams of up to 6 students. Teams are judged based on1. their robot's performance completing a series of missions on a large table with a range of different challenges,2. the quality of their innovative solution to a real world problem (this year's theme is Hydrodynamics), and3. how well they work as a team and follow standards of good sportsmanship and service to the community (especially in sharing their innovative solution).Off season (January - May) the club also competes in local competitions, robotics demonstrations, and independent study assignments to improve engineering skills and prepare for the following season. Ronald Kinyanjui sponsors the Mavericks Engineering & Robotics club.Model UNMr. Anderson sponsors the Model UN club for students interested in world politics.Science Fair ClubStudents learn to choose a topic, research their topic and prepare a presentation for a science fair competition. The Science Fair Club is sponsored by Ms. Haring.
Sign Language ClubStudents in the sign language club learn sign language gain understanding about deaf culture and spread their new knowledge throughout the school. Ms. Clowney sponsors the Sign Language Club.
Student Council
Student Council representatives are voted into office by their peers and help shared student ideas and interests with the entire student body, teachers and other staff. Ms. Hansen sponsors the Student Council.


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Our luxury seafront hotel at Saint-Cyprien
A haven of peace at the heart of the Languedoc-Roussillon region
This 5-star hotel in the Languedoc-Roussillon region sits on its own private island, surrounded by the lagoon and flowered gardens in the warmth of the Mediterranean sun. Following a period of renovation, l'Ile de la Lagune has become a magnificent hotel where our guests can relax in true luxury and tranquillity.
Our seafront hotel can be reached by sea or land – hop on the hotel boat or cross our little wooden bridge and enter this special sanctuary.
Our renovations have resulted in pure, uncluttered spaces that use natural materials and new technology to create a secluded and upmarket atmosphere.
Design, privacy and comfort are the watchwords of this unique spa hotel in the Languedoc Roussillon region of France.
Our hotel situated at Saint-Cyprien Plage is in a perfect location for visiting this wonderful region of France.


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After introducing some of his work to a group of students at DigiPen IT, Jeep Barnett went on to talk a bit about Portal and how it really works.
N4G is a community of gamers posting and discussing the latest game news. It's part of NewsBoiler, a network of social news sites covering today's pop culture.


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Sleeping in and cuddling with the right one.
What superpower would you love to have for 24 hours?
To be invisible or fly… But the most, probably go back in time to stop some terrible things from happening in our past.
How do you like your eggs in the morning?
Scrambled with crispy bacon and avocado with some chilli.
If the world was coming to an end and you were allowed one last kiss, who would be lucky enough to land on your lips?
I do not kiss and tell… :-)
Which flavour of ice cream best describes your personality and why?
Vanilla with passion fruit. I am sure you get the hint why!
Thanks Rastislav!
Credit: Photography by Daniel Jaems


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White-nosed Coati
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Right now, hundreds of children have invaded the White House lawn intent on rolling painted eggs all over the grass, but there's serious political business happening away from Washington.
Hillary Rodham Clinton is set to deliver a big speech on the housing crisis and the economy today in Philadelphia this morning while her husband and daughter stump for her in Indiana. John McCain is back on the trail in California after his trip abroad. Barack Obama is off.
One of Senator Clinton's top supporters in Indiana, Senator Evan Bayh, is touting a new reason for superdelegates to vote for her: Mrs. Clinton wins the states with the most Electoral College votes. Katharine Q. Seelye of The New York Times writes:
So far, Mrs. Clinton has won states with a total of 219 Electoral College votes, not counting Florida and Michigan, while Mr. Obama has won states with a total of 202 electoral votes.
Mr. Obama, of Illinois, is ahead of Mrs. Clinton, of New York, in most other leading indicators: popular vote (by 700,000 votes out of 26 million cast, excluding caucuses and the disputed Florida and Michigan results, a difference of about 3 percent); delegates (1,622.5 compared with 1,472.5 for her, according to The New York Times's count); and number of states (27 compared with 14 for her, excluding Florida and Michigan). The opinion polls are mixed but give Mr. Obama a slight edge.
Asked how she could win the nomination, Mr. Bayh said: "Well, I do think the popular vote is important. But that's a circular argument. It brings us back to Florida and Michigan."
The Wall Street Journal has its own story about Mrs. Clinton and her argument that she wins the big Democratic states. Amy Chozick says: "Clinton aides are highlighting that Senator Barack Obama has won among affluent voters in caucuses and primaries in states with small populations of Democrats — such as Idaho and Wyoming — and among African-Americans in Republican states unlikely to turn blue in November — such as South Carolina and Georgia."
A note to all our Pennsylvania readers — today's the last day to register to vote in the primary April 22. The Philadelphia Inquirer says the state hasn't mattered in a primary since 1976, when the local mantra was "Anybody but Carter."
The year Jimmy Carter eventually won the White House was one shaped by economic crises, reports Bloomberg News, and this election cycle's financial situation could give Democrats a similar edge, says Bloomberg News.
Recessions shaped four presidential elections in the past half-century — in 1960, 1976, 1980 and 1992. Each time, the candidate from the party trying to retake the White House won. A model that uses economic data to predict presidential race outcomes has the Democrats getting 52 percent of the votes cast for the two major party candidates, says Ray Fair, the Yale University professor who developed it.
As Philadelphia experiences a violent crime wave this year, some of the city's Democratic leaders are pressing Senators Clinton and Obama to commit to stricter gun laws, says The Washington Times. "If you can't deal with it, then you've got a problem," said one Democratic ward leader.
Elisabeth Bumiller of The Times explores two moments in Mr. McCain's Senate career that, as he gets ready to accept the Republican nomination, he may prefer to forget: talks with Democrats about leaving the G.O.P. in 2001, and talks with John Kerry about joining his presidential ticket.
There are wildly divergent versions of both episodes, depending on whether Democrats or Mr. McCain and his advisers are telling the story. The Democrats, including Mr. Kerry, say that not only did Mr. McCain express interest but that it was his camp that initially reached out to them. Mr. McCain and his aides counter that in both cases the Democrats were the suitors and Mr. McCain the unwilling bride.
Either way, the episodes shed light on a bitter period in Mr. McCain's life after the 2000 presidential election, when he was, at least in policy terms, drifting away from his own party. They also offer a glimpse into his psychological makeup and the difficulties in putting a label on his political ideology over many years in the Senate.
The Washington Post wraps up coverage of Senator McCain's foreign travels by considering how successful he was at explaining his relationship with President Bush — not exactly Mr. Popularity within international circles.
In every city, foreign leaders and journalists attempted to reconcile what they deemed the two sides to McCain: his bellicose rhetoric on Iran and North Korea — which is more aggressive than Bush's — and his desire to heal the rift with Europe's leaders by closing the Guantanamo Bay prison, ending what he regards to be the use of torture by American forces and reducing pollution.
Europeans "see him as a trusted hand, knowledgeable," said Philip Gordon, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution who has advised Democratic candidate Barack Obama on foreign policy. "But I think they are a bit worried about him."
Furthermore, Mr. McCain is a vocal opponent of special interest lobbying, but it seems he has few problems with lobbyists themselves. USA Today reports that "of the 66 current or former lobbyists working for the Arizona senator or raising money for his presidential campaign, 23 have lobbied for telecommunications companies in the past decade, Senate lobbying disclosures show."
Senator McCain has the advantage of time over his Democratic rivals — and a recent lead in the polls — but he's still lagging on finances. John Harwood of The Times writes that "Mr. McCain's advisers recognize their long-term challenges in a remarkably threatening political environment. Voters remain weary of the Iraq war, worried about the economy and disenchanted with the lame-duck Republican president."
Meg Whitman, the outgoing eBay C.E.O. said to be eyeing the California governorship in 2010, will campaign with Mr. McCain in California this week — giving him a hand in earning campaign cash and attracting female voters, says The Los Angeles Times.
Both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Obama are guilty of exaggerating the extent of their legislative achievements, reports The Washington Post, but Sen. Christopher J. Dodd of Connecticut, an Obama supporter, says "If it happens once or twice, you let it go. If it becomes the mantra, then you go, 'Wait a minute.' "
Unlike governors, business leaders or vice presidents, senators — the last to win the presidency was John F. Kennedy in 1960 — are not executives. They cannot be held to account for the state of their states, their companies or their administrations. What they do have is the mark they leave on the nation's laws — and in Obama's brief three-year tenure, as well as Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's seven-year hitch, those marks are far from indelible.
"It's not an unusual matter for senators to take a little extra credit," [Sen. Arlen] Specter said.
In his latest column for The New Yorker, George Packer analyzes the fallout from Mr. Obama's relationship with the controversial Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr., and wonders if all of America is ready to pick up the conversation about race.
Obama is staking his campaign on the very point he tried to make to Reverend Wright two decades ago: that the dreams and interests of hard-pressed Americans are more important than matters of race. Democrats have been trying to make that argument for a long time, while Republicans have been winning elections. For half a century, right-wing populism has been the most successful political force in America, aided greatly by the tendency of liberals to fall into the competing claims of identity groups. Obama is a black candidate who can tell Americans of all races to move beyond race. As such, he is uniquely positioned to put an end to this era, and uniquely vulnerable to becoming its latest victim.
During Easter Sunday services, the new pastor of the Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago tied the recent scrutiny of the congregation to the resurrection of Christ, reports the Associated Press.
"Any time you go through a crucifixion experience . . . eventually they have to lift you up," said the Rev. Otis Moss III, who did not shy away from the controversy surrounding his predecessor at Trinity United Church of Christ, the Rev. Jeremiah Wright Jr.
Senator Obama did not attend.
Campaign trail roundup:
* In Pennsylvania, Hillary Rodham Clinton delivers a major policy address in Philadelphia, attends a "Pennsylvania Women for Hillary" event in Blue Bell, and attends a rally in Uniontown. Bill Clinton attends Easter Monday events in South Bend, Ind., with Chelsea Clinton, and then moves on to rallies in Rochester, Logansport and West Lafayette, Ind.
* John McCain holds a town hall meeting in Chula Vista, Calif.
* Barack Obama has no public events.


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Technical Instructions For Earth Works Within Mining Technical Instructions For Earth Works Within Mining August 31 Ryan Kerrigan Jersey , 2013 | Author: Ricky Andrews | Posted in EducationWhen setting each portion of the Works the supplier will alert the Supervisor, and will obtain the Supervisor's authority to continue the job. At an employee's discretion they may check the Supplier's setup, but any such check will not remove liability from the contracting company. Should the Supplier be given authority to proceed, this will in no way relieve the Supplier of his responsibility to prepare the Works. The supplier will be responsible for determining the location of any underground services (e.g. power cables, pipelines, telephone cables), in the location of excavation and will ensure that all such services are protected from destruction or displacement during the source of the Work. Filling will be at the Vendor's cost except when otherwise approved by the Superior. The Vendor will excavate by any method elected provided that the method will result in project conforming to the requirements herein; will conform to all lawful safety requirements; and will not cause destruction or interference to adjacent construction project, the plant or its normal operation. Adequate pumping facilities will be provided and operated to maintain excavations in a dry condition adequate for placement of concrete or the installation of other items. The supplier will perform all work necessary to protect the excavation and other works from flooding by rain water Ryan Anderson Jersey , ground water or plant process liquors. Excavations will be accurately finished to lines, levels and grades as shown on the plans. Filling will be at the Supplier's expense except when otherwise approved by the Supervisor. Should any destruction occur all associated repair cost will be at the Vendor's cost. Excavations will be accurately finished to lines, heights and grades as shown on the plans. The Vendor will carry out all excavation under well drained circumstances. The vendor will perform all project necessary to protect the excavation and other projects from flooding by rain water, ground water or plant process liquors. Adequate pumping facilities will be provided and operated to maintain excavations in a dry condition adequate for placement of concrete or the installation of other items. The bottoms of completed excavations shall be kept free and cleaned of loose material, water, other liquid and rubbish and shall be kept free from trafficking. The bases of completed excavations shall be inspected by the Superintendent to determine whether the exposed material is suitable or unsuitable for the required bearing purpose. Additional excavation may be directed by the Superintendent. For the best in best pressure washer reviews and online sales, visit apreng for a complete range of products that will suit your needs!Siding that complements you building Waugh Molly
Submitted 2014-01-27 16:06:35 With all the home improvements that you've planned, any time will you complete the siding? Siding is a part of your home that's much easier to handle than colored boards. You won't have to replace the siding as often Russ Grimm Jersey , and you'll never have to color! When you are ready to provide a durable moisture hurdle between your house and the factors, you can look the information of a reputable siding organization near you.
Siding just isn't one of those supplies that is difficult to put upward yourself -- unless your home is particularly high or large. When you hire professionals, they will get the job done the correct way in a matter of several hours or perhaps a day or two. In the not likely event your home will need to have the current siding removed, then the company can take care of that for you as well. Do not concern yourself about the wellness of your home. If you are dealing with experts, there is a great chance that you will be pleased with the outcomes.
Hardie Plank is a type of plank that you may be interested in. Get the lifetime guarantee with this durable brand of outside wall so that you never again worry about paying for siding. Hardie Plank lets you have peace of mind no matter how several years have handed. You can also look into roofing, fence, and indoor wall assist the same business. Many people that do siding also offer these facilities.
Replacement Windows are one more area where you may need help. Have them very carefully replaced and also ordered to fit the exact sized your windows. The brand new windows will be contemporary, clean Ricky Jean-Francois Jersey , and also fresh looking. You will be happy to see how very easily they open and shut, and how successful the lock mechanisms are. If you have not already been graced along with new windows in a long time, you'll be extra pumped up about this change.
Replacement Windows, siding, and many types of other solutions come with a free estimate. The organization will give you the ballpark estimation over the phone and may also come out to give a detailed estimate. In both cases they are no cost. Once the tools come out of the pockets, then it's a different tale. Use the experts that you can believe in so that you can have got your home looking great again. Keep your most costly investment position strong using the repairs you are aware it needs?
You are able to contact these businesses by e-mailing these through the website or calling them. Phone publications are a popular form of contact information. They can be present in paper kind or on the web. Some businesses even have a domain for their work plac. Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap Jerseys China Cheap Jerseys
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CCAC Accredited
CARF-CCAC Accreditation
Beaumont is designated as a 5-star Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC), and for 12 years has been able to proudly display its certification by the CARF-CCAC (Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities and Continuing Care Accreditation Commission). Nationwide, only about 300 of the more than 2,000 CCRCs are accredited through CARF-CCAC's highly respected standard of excellence in the areas of governance and administration, resident life, finance, and healthcare. Accreditation is a prestigious achievement that assures you that a retirement community is able to provide the utmost in quality services as well as sound financial management. For more information, please visit www.carf.org.
Beaumont at Bryn Mawr is also licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare.
In addition, Beaumont is a member of LeadingAge, the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging.Return to top


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Ok friends, so Ash is pregnant. All the hungry journalists must be thrilled! They can write about it for the next nine months. I ate Lychees for breakfast today. In South India, this fruit was considered as the fruit for the rich. It was not easily available. I worked late again. Burnt my right elbow when I was taking the chicken tandoori out of the oven. Ouch!
I have to admit guitarists (men) have a droo...ol effect on me. These men look so charming when they play the instrument. No matter what age, guitar remains the symbol of cool, hip – whatever new adjective strikes you. It has always been my dream to be part of a music group. It's another story that the dream never got fulfilled. Guitar music is relaxing and enjoyable for the listener. Mention guitar, and immediately the song "Fast Car" comes to mind. Tracey Chapman was mind blowing in this song. Even today it is so popular. It's even played in clubs. Foot tapping music to say the least. No matter, which song, if the guitar is the primary instrument that is used, I have noticed that I have fallen in love with that song and I tend to listen to it again and again. Songs like Neele neele ambar par, Chura liya hai and lately Sham from the movie Ayesha and Te Amo from Dum maro dum. The guitar can be played standing or sitting. Both ways the player looks so sexy. The confidence that the guitarists ooze attracts me. That's my son's guitar in the picture. He is taking classes for the past 6years. I am hoping he will be a good guitarist in the future. To some it comes very naturally. They are the lucky ones. Others can get there with practice and hard work. "Talent is the natural gift you were born with. Your "ability" is the result of working to develop your talent. The simple equation is: ability = talent x work." Recently my son learnt how to play the chords for the song "you are my sunshine" from the movie 3 Idiots. That was so cool! I sang along. I felt like I was living my dream!
Hello, Satsriakaal, Namashkaar, Vanakkam, Kem Cho, Baagunnara, Assalaam Valekhumm! Yeh hai Mayanagari!!! High time I spoke about myself and my interests!!! The world can take a backseat.
Tuesday, June 21, 2011
The Guitar - The Instrument that rocks!
Posted by Nice Girl at 10:23 PM
3 comments:
- AnonymousJune 22, 2011 at 12:23 PM
Wow! To be a rock star with a Guitar flung accross is an image many men would like to see themselves in!! Your confession confirms many women droool over such cool guys!! Kash..hum bhi guitar sikhtey..!!ReplyDelete
I am posting a Guitar background score so lively and wonderful that it remains in mind for a long time!!
Prassana, it's never too late to take guitar lessons. Nice post! Loved the music. Thanks. - Maya
- AnonymousJune 28, 2011 at 9:51 PM
yikes Maya I would never drool over men . Now I know why ur carpet is all wet he he he he heReplyDelete
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Admission Criteria and How to Apply
We admit a select group of students to our M.A. program each fall. Applications for Fall 2018 are closed. The application deadline for Fall 2019 entry is January 15, 2019.
To be considered for admission to KU's Master of Global and International Studies program, applicants must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution with undergraduate degree requirements similar to those of the University of Kansas. In general, applicants must have at least a 3.0 grade-point average (on a scale in which A = 4.0) in their bachelor's degree. However, admitted students generally have grade-point averages well above 3.0.
If you'd like to learn more about the Master of Arts in Global and International Studies and the admissions requirements, please contact our Graduate Advisor, Clare Thoman, at email@example.com
Application Materials
All application materials must be received before your application for admission can be evaluated. A complete application consists of the following:
- An online application submitted to Graduate Studies along with KU's graduate application fee ($65 for domestic applicants and $85 for international applicants).
- One official transcript sent directly from your degree-granting undergraduate institution. (If you transferred significant coursework from another institution toward your undergraduate degree, you might consider submitting a transcript from that institution as well). If you have earned any graduate degrees, you will also need to submit an official transcript for your prior graduate coursework.
- Three letters of recommendation submitted by your references. You may have your references mail hard copies of their recommendation letters to us along with a signed copy of KU's official reference form (PDF) or they may submit their reference letters online through KU's graduate application system. At least one academic reference is preferred, especially for students entering directly from their undergraduate program, and all references should speak to your potential to be successful as a graduate student. Specific information about your past performance in academics or related activities offers the best support for your application.
- A 500-1000 word Statement of Interest describing relevant aspects of your background and addressing how this program will help you meet your academic and professional goals. We encourage you to be as clear as possible about the relationship between this program and your interests and goals; simply noting a long-standing interest in international issues is not a compelling reason for admission. In addition, applicants must indicate a potential thesis or research project topic and select a potential thesis or research project advisor from the list of Global and International Studies Core Institutional Faculty or Affiliated Faculty. To ensure that our graduate students receive effective mentorship, applicants will not be admitted into the program without the consent of a faculty advisor who is willing to work with them. Applicants are encouraged to contact their prospective advisors in advance.
- A copy of your current résumé.
- Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general test results are required. Law School Admission Test (LSAT) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) results are acceptable substitutes.
- International students must submit TOEFL scores taken within the past two years per KU Policy. Students should have TOEFL scores of 20 or above in all categories (excluding speaking) before applying. The Applied English Center may also require incoming international students to complete an examination to show their English proficiency upon arrival in Lawrence. Information about the minimum acceptable English scores is available through the KU Office of International Programs and Graduate Studies. Please note that because the Global and International Studies courses are reading and writing intensive, applicants scoring below the levels required for regular admission are unlikely to be accepted.
Applicants may submit their application, application fee, statement of interest, and resume through the application link above. GRE scores and TOEFL scores should be sent directly to KU using institution code 6871. Digital copies of transcripts may be emailed directly from the degree-granting institution to firstname.lastname@example.com. Official transcripts can also be mailed to the address below:
University of Kansas, Graduate Admissions
1450 Jayhawk Boulevard
Strong Hall, 313
Lawrence, KS 66045


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American Veterans Society Artists Gold Medal 1965
American Artists Professional League 1st Prize 1965
Hudson Valley Artist Association Honorable Mention 1966
American Artists Professional League Talens Award 1966
Salmugundi Club New York Franklin B. Williams Award, 1966, 1968
Saratoga Museum of Racing Best Show Award 1967
National Academy of Design Benjamin Altman Award, Figure Painting
Expn. Intercontinentale Monaco France Le Prix Prince Souverain,
Allied Artists of America Honorable Mention 1970
Salmugundi Club New York Salmugundi Club Prize, 1966, 68, 69,
American Watercolor Society Bronze Medal 1971
National Arts Club Sutherland Prize 1971
Salmugundi Club New York Ject-Key Prize 1971
Resource Council of America 1st Prize "Product Design Award"
National Academy of Design Walter Biggs Memorial Award 1989
Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield Massachusetts 1966
Expn. Intercontinentale Monaco France 1966,68
National Academy of Design 1965,68
National Academy of Design 1977-1989
National Academy of Design 1989-2004
American Watercolor Society 1965, 66, 68, 69
Allied Artists of America 1964, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72
Pastel Society of America 1965, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72
National Museum of Racing, Saratoga, New York 1967
Atlantic City Race Track 1967
National Arts Club 1967,71
Ground Floor Art Gallery, New York 1967, 68, 69, 70
Aqueduct Race Track Art Gallery, New York 1967
Grand Central Art Galleries, New York 1969
Far Gallery, New York 1972,78
Talisman Gallery, Bartlesville Oklahoma 1976
Gallery 52, South Orange New Jersey 1976,77
Loring Gallery, Cedarhust New York 1985, 87, 92
Palm Beach Galleries, Palm Beach Florida 1973
National Academy of Design ( Academician)
Artists Equity Association of New York
"Charles Apt in Portugal" American Artist Magazine,
1970 April
"Charles Apt Painter" ARTS Magazine, 1978 October
"Merging Artistic Careers" House Beautiful, 1985 February
Who´s Who in America
Who´s Who in American Art
Who´s Who in the World
Prize Winning Paintings, Vol. 6
Corporate Collections:
Chemical Bank
Bowery Bank
Celanese Corporation
Paine Webber Corporation
American Stock Exchange


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Skateline 15-08-2018 [16/8/2018]
Chris Joslin, Tom Knox, John Lupfer Pro, Henry Gartland, Cory Juneau.
Skateline is a skateboarding web series.
Also known as: Skateline NBD
Below are the latest related articles. See the full list of articles for more related news and updates.
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Is your smartphone listening to you?
It all began with a car crash.
I was doing some ironing when my mum came in to tell me that a family friend had been killed in a road accident in Thailand.
My phone was on the worktop behind me.
But the next time I used the search engine on it, up popped the name of our friend, and the words, "Motorbike accident, Thailand" and the year in the suggested text below the search box.
Full Story – Click Here


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Loose Diamonds Broker
Diamonds are commonly found mounted in jewelries, especially in an engagement ring. This rock makes the jewelry even more sparkling, shiny and expensive. They say and engagement ring is not complete without a diamond on top of it. Well, it is true for diamond fans. However, diamonds can also be used in other jewelries and accessories, to make it more luxurious. A lot of factors come into play when selecting a diamond just like choosing your wedding elements such as caterer and venues.
There are people who search for loose diamonds for wedding in San Diego, CA. The diamonds aren't just used for an engagement ring, but also for the wedding bands of the couple. If there are more diamonds left, they can use it for their gifts for each other, like in a necklace and bracelet. There are only a few sources of loose diamonds, and not all of the stores have a specialist to help you select.
The San Diego Jewelry Brokers can make your diamond shopping a stress-free one. They specialize in providing custom designed diamond engagement rings, diamond wedding bands, diamond jewelries and certified loose diamonds. They also buy luxury watches, scrap gold, old coins and other diamond jewelries, click here.
You can guarantee that the loose diamonds from San Diego Jewelry Brokers are certified by GIA and AGSL. Every diamond are genuinely graded and rated according to the cut grade, polish, proportion and symmetry of the stone. When you are not that familiar with the shape, cut, clarity, color and carat of diamonds, a specialist can assist.
If you are looking for loose diamonds to use for an engagement ring and wedding bands, they offer diamonds for every budget. A specialist can help you shop for loose diamonds the smart way. The loose diamonds from San Diego Jewelry Brokers came from different countries. Their diamonds originated from South Africa, Brazil, Australia, Canada and Russia. There is also a guarantee that the loose diamonds you buy are conflict-free. Now you know where to find loose diamonds for wedding in San Diego, CA.


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Blu-Ray Anyone?
Hello to all,
I have a question that might of been asked before, but I didn't see it in the archives. So here we go....
I am about two years into my Event Videography business and yesterday I meet with a couple to go over my packages. The groom, was very interested in having his wedding shot in HD and having 1 Blu Ray copy. He said that he currently does not have a PS3, but is planning on buying one in 2009 and said that he would hate to not have the opportunity to watch his wedding in HD. I also currently have a couple that I'm shooting next month that is doing this same thing. Shooting the entire event in HD, getting their SD DVDs, and when they get their PS3 call me up and I make them a BluRay.
Now, before my question I'm need to give some info about what I'm working with. Shooting on the Panasonic HVX200s (I know, not the best for weddings but still amazing cameras) and editing on FCP6. I currently do not have Encore or a Blu-Ray burner. So getting CS4 and the burner are the things that I would need to make the BR discs. I shoot and edit in HD, good to go.
So my question would be....
1. Is anyone even doing Blu-Ray?
2. If so, what are your rates for producing a Blu-Ray disc? Cost per Disc? Cost for authoring/production? etc
3. Is anyone having couples request to do this. Pay to shoot in HD, then a few months later request to purchase the Blu-Ray? If so, how much would you charge to open an old/finished project and author the BR Disc?
I think that's all I got. Hopefully this is a question that more than just I am having and we can find out. Thanks in advance for you help.
Beau Brotherton
Macbook Pro 2.4GHz, Intel Core 2Duo, 4GB
Hello Beau,
In our blogs section there are a lot of posts regarding Blu-ray and the ins and outs -- along with the perils and caveats -- of creating them.
I have done a basic search that is found here:
On the page, you will scroll down and find many posts about creating Blu-ray. Check it out.
Some of the blogs go into a lot of detail.
Best regards,
Ron Lindeboom
Creativity is a type of learning process where the teacher and pupil are located in the same individual.
Thanks Ron for you advise.
Although, this really hasn't helped me. The only thing I found was Walter Biscardi suggesting licensing a software for $250 a month. Oh yea, you also have to purchase a new fully loaded HP computer to run it ($1700).
I was hoping to find someone, anyone who is doing Blu-Ray in Event videos. Are you producing Blu-Ray yourself?
Beau Brotherton
Macbook Pro 2.4GHz, Intel Core 2Duo, 4GB
Hi Beau,
First off, you do not need a $1700 computer to burn Blu-Rays. We have been burning Blu-Rays for about 6 months on a $550 refurbished Dell Optiplex 755.
We use an LG Blu-Ray burner, which at the time ran around $269. It's probably cheaper now. We shoot and edit all of our wedding films in HD. If the client chooses not to have Blu-Ray delivery, I back up the project on HDV tape and a hard drive.
If the client chooses Blu-Ray delivery when we deliver the SD DVDs, it is $400 which includes 3 Blu-Ray discs. We edit in Edius and use Encore for both SD DVDs and Blu-Ray. Our wedding films on Blu-Ray look incredible.
Mark Von Lanken
Picture This Productions, Inc
[Beau Brotherton] "1. Is anyone even doing Blu-Ray?"
Absolutely... at least they are here in Southern California. In fact, at the Production company that I use to do authoring for, in the last 6 months about half of their clients have requested blu-ray copies of their video, and actually decided to go with them over a competitor because they offered blu-ray.
I know there has been a lot of talk about Blu-ray being skipped over by online delivery, but in my experience, clients still like to receive a tangible product, that doesn't depend on a fast internet connection to watch. Online delivery of content will not be the preferred method for many many years to come. Blu-ray will be around for a while, and is quickly becoming more popular as the prices for the players go down, and more people get HDTV's.
[Beau Brotherton] "2. If so, what are your rates for producing a Blu-Ray disc? Cost per Disc? Cost for authoring/production? etc"
Most editing systems are capable of burning Blu-ray discs, provided that you have the burner. We decided to go with the Lacie External D2 Blu-ray Burner so that we could move it back and forth between our PC and Mac workstations. It supports dual layer Blu-ray discs, and is external, so it's more expensive at close to $400.
The discs are cheaper when purchased in bulk. You can buy a stack of 25 printable BD-R discs for $226 at tapeandmedia.com. Because of the expensive price for each disc, you don't want to make any mistakes. I highly recommend purchasing a rewritable BD-RE disc to make test burns on. They can be reused over 1000 times. Those are just $15 each.
You will also want to invest in the new blu-ray cases for a much more professional presentation, those are pretty cheap (45 cents each when you purchase 25 of them)
Thats pretty much it for cost of authoring if you will be doing it yourself. You will need Adobe CS3 or CS4. If you want some impressive 3D motion menus instead of the boring ones that come with Encore, I offer those on my website. High Definition is fully supported.
It's really up to you as to what you want to charge your clients for a Blu-ray disc. I know many companies that don't charge extra at all. They might offer 3 standard dvd's OR 1 Blu-ray disc. Then you could have rates for additional copies (maybe $25 - $50?).
[Beau Brotherton] "3. Is anyone having couples request to do this. Pay to shoot in HD, then a few months later request to purchase the Blu-Ray? If so, how much would you charge to open an old/finished project and author the BR Disc?"
Yes, we did have this happen, and it depends on a few factors. What is your time worth? It usually takes a very long time to transcode the video into h264, so that could tie up your system for a day or 2 (a good task to do over the weekend). Also, you can't charge an excessive amount. Maybe $50 or $100 for the first disc, and then a reduced amount for copies.
What we do is make an HD backup of the project, using an avi file with a good codec (we use the matrox hardware), and store that on a removable drive. This file can then be easily retrieved later, converted into the blu-ray h254 file, and dropped into our menu template. The easier the process is for you to do, the less you can charge, and the happier your clients will be.
Jon Geddes
Motion Graphics Designer
This is so AWESOME!!! I totally forgot that I posted this a while back. lol But so glad that you helped me out with my questions. Thank Jon, you ROCK!
Would you be able to let me in on who your vendors are? For the BR Discs and Cases? Thanks.
Thanks again for your expert advise and I'll be sure to check out your site for the 3D Graphics.
All the Best,
Beau Brotherton
Macbook Pro 2.4GHz, Intel Core 2Duo, 4GB
At the time I bought the Blu-ray drive, B&H (bhphotovideo.com) was the only reputable vendor selling it. I often get my Amaray DVD cases (for standard dvd's) at sleeve city (sleevetown.com), but I purchased the Blu-ray cases and blu-ray discs at Tape & Media (tapeandmedia.com).
It's possible you might find a better deal from a different vendor, but the prices at the ones I listed above are very competitive, and I've been very pleased with the quality of service / shipping time.
Jon Geddes
Motion Graphics Designer


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SEG. #1 Constitutional Underpinnings monarchy American Government Early American Colonists Roots and Reform Theories of Power Evolutionary: the belief that if many people were put together, one will rise up into the leadership position. Makes the person more capable. Social Contract: people sign over their rights to be governed
individuals are free and equal by natural right. Force: theory that a person uses force in order to gain and remain in power Divine Right: the belief that one was chosen by God European beginnings Protestant- (W.A.S.P.) slave trade Europeans:
Catholics Asians Hispanics Eastern Europeans general welfare first steps toward independence checks and balances:
A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the 3 branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others Problems with the Articles :
no unified currency
weak federal authority
no standing army
confusion over enforcement
1 vote for each state
no resources to back up currency
lack of authority to deal with trade wars roots of new American government a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interest of all totalitarianism a form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties Oligarcy a form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement direct democracy
a system of government in which members of the same political party meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule. indirect democracy
a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf, republic
a government rooted in the consent of the governed; representative or indirect democracy democracy
a system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or indirectly personal liberty
a key characteristic of U.S. democracy. Initially meaning freedom from governmental interference. Today it includes demands for freedom to engage in a variety of practices without governmental interference or discrimination. Political equality
the principal that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law Majority rule
The central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law Popular sovereignty
the notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people Natural law
A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason Declaration of Independence
states every man is equal to another
protects liberties: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
explains how the 13 colonies are no longer tied to British rule New Jersey vs Virginia plan Thomas Hobbes and John Locke proposed the social contract theory: This freedom, amongst other things, were stated in his book of Leviathan. He inferred that humanity's natural state was one of war. He also concluded that people must give up certain rights to the government. Hobbes argued for a single ruler, to guarantee the rights of the weak against the strong Early ideas about Government: In contrast to Hobbes, John Locke took basic survival of humanity for granted. He argued a government's major responsibility was the preservation of private property- this idea eventually found its way into the U.S. Constitution. He not only denied divine right of kings to govern but argued that individuals were born equal and with natural rights that no king had the power to void. He believed the consent of the people was the only true basis of any sovereign's right to rule. True justice comes from the law. Locke argued the branch of government that makes laws should be the most powerful.
his book of Second Treatise of Civil Government greatly inspired the Declaration of Independence NJ:
strong central government
representatives based on statehood VA:
strong national government
representatives based on population SAME: 3 branches of government, congress chooses executive
congress retains powers from
articles of confederation The Federalist Papers: a series of 85 political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution government's involvement with the general people crown could not govern efficiently enough escape from religious persecution seeking a new start land independence House of Burgesses created decisions needed made development of colonial industry self governing weakened ties and loyalty to the crown Stamp Act Congress-first official meeting of colonies to create a unified nation Boston Massacre-British troops open fire on a mob, killing 5 colonists Treaty of Paris-ended French & Indian war Townshed Acts- passed by British Parliment impose duties on colonial imports, including tea Boston Tea Party- public protest in Boston Harbor is held in reaction to what the colonists believe to be oppressive taxes on tea and other goods hi First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief meeting held in Philadelphia from September5 to October 26, 1774, in which 56 delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts document passed by the Second Continental Congress establishes a governing framework for the union of states 27 Amendments to the Constitution
1.) protects the people's right to practice religion, to speak freely, to assemble, to address the government, and of the press to publish
2.) protects the right to own guns
3.) guarantees that the army cannot force homeowners to give them room and board
4.) protects the people from the government improperly taking property, papers, or people, without a valid warrant based on probable cause
5.) protects people from being held for a crime unless they were properly indicted, that they may not be tried twice for the same crime, and that you need not be forced to testify against yourself. It also contains due process guarantees.
6.) guarantees a speedy trial, an impartial jury, and that the accused can confront witnesses against them, and that the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer
7.) guarantees a jury trial in federal court cases
8.) guarantees that punishments will be fair, and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set
9.) simply a statement that other rights aside from those listed may exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't mean they can be violated.
10.) any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states
11.) says how someone from one state can sue another state
12.) redefines how the President and Vice-President are chosen by the Electoral College
13.) abolished slavery in the U.S.
14.) people had rights on the federal level and on the state level too. Dealt with civil war items
15.) ensured that a person's race could not be used as criteria for voting
16.) authorizes the United States to collect income tax
17.) shifted the choosing of Senators from the state legislatures to the people of the states
18.) banned alcohol
19.) women gained the right to vote
20.) set new start dates for the terms of the Congress and the President
21.) repealed the 18th amendment
22.) set a limit on the number of times a P{resident could be elected- 2 four-year terms
23.) grants the Washington D.C. the right to three electors in Presidential elections
24.) ensured no poll tax
25.) establishes rules for a President who becomes unable to perform his duties while in office
26.) ensures that any person 18 or older may vote
27.) any law that increased the pay of legislatures may not take effect until after an election 3/5 Compromise: African American slaves became worth 3/5 of a person for voting Federalism
4 periods-
Dual: (layered cake) separate and equally powerful national and state government is best
Cooperative: (marble cake) the intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments
New: Federal-state relationship proposed by Raegan administration during the 1980's; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments
Progressive: movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope Articles of Confederation created a loose league of friendship between the 13 colonies. It proposed:
A national government with a Congress empowered to make peace, coin money, appoint officers for an army, control the post office, and negotiate with Indian tribes
Each state's retention of its independence and sovereignty, or ultimate authority, to govern within its territories
One vote in the Continental Congress for each state, regardless of its size
The vote of nine states to pass any measure ( a unanimous vote for any amendment)
The selection and payment of delegates to the Congress by their respective state legislatures The Great Compromise:
The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a 2-house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the 2 houses. It also made national law supreme. separation of powers:
A way of dividing the power of the government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution Shays's Rebellion
A 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched into Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms. Article I: The Legislative Branch-
establishes a bicameral system: Senate and House of Representatives
qualifications: H- 25 years old, 2 year terms, 7 years resident in the state. S: 30 years old, 6 year terms, 9 years resident in the state.
states the methods of selection of senators and representatives, as well as the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House.
enumerated, or specified, powers. (17 of them)
states cannot make their own money, declare war, or tax goods from other states
Congress has power to establish and maintain an army and navy
all bills must pass through both houses in the same form, then are sent to the President full faith and credit clause:
Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in and other state religious tradition:
Reformation- when Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic church, creating many other Protestant sects, like Lutheranism
John Calvin developed Calvinism- belief that stressed the absolute sovereignty of God, possible redemption, and eternal damnation for unrepentant sinners.
Reformation period followed by period called Enlightenment-philosophers and scientists argued that the word could be improved by using human reason, science, and religious toleration.
Puritans were persecuted Protestants who rejected the role of the church in England. A specific group, called pilgrims, came to the New World to get away from such persecutions.
They believed heavily in their religion and believed they were charged by the Old Testament to create "a city on a hill" that would become an example of righteousness. They enforced strict code of authority and obedience, while also stressing importance of individualism. religious tolerance grows:
King Charles I granted a Catholic's son a charter to establish a Catholic colony in the New World- area became known as Maryland.
King Charles II granted William Penn a charter giving him ownership of a lot of land north of Maryland- known as Pennsylvania. Penn was a Quaker who also eventually purchased the land of present day Delaware. Here he launched what he called "the holy experiment," attracting other persecuted Europeans, including German Mennonites and Lutherans and French Huguenots. The survival of Penn's colony is mostly due to its ethnic and religious diversity. Becoming Americans:
needed a form of government and divine God
beginnings of government; the formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted
local self-governing
Virginia House of Burgesses- 22 elected officials were chosen to make the laws of the colonists
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, all church members were permitted the right to participate in town meetings. This allowed the colonists to keep their religious and cultural values at the center of their governing process individualism:
highly valued by puritans
all individuals are deemed rational and fair and endowed with unalienable rights religious freedom:
religious conflicts have brought many settlers to the New World searching for opportunities to practice their religious faith. It didnt always involve religious tolerance. The clashes within settlements and colonies had the people agreeing that the new nation had to be founded on notions of religious freedom. establishing justice :
allows individuals to abide by a common set of principles. Societies adhering to the rule of law allow for the rational dispensing of justice by acknowledged legal authorities.
trial by jury, informed of charges against them, tried in a courtroom presided by an impartial judge. insuring domestic tranquility:
the passage of legislation giving the national government nearly unprecedented ability to ferret out potential threats show the degree the government takes seriously
Department of Homeland Security
police forces, national guards, troops providing for common defense:
provide for defense of citizens against threats of foreign aggression.
Constitution calls for President to be commander in chief of the armed forces, and Congress is given authority to raise an army
defense budget continues to be a considerable and often controversial proportion of all federal outlays securing blessings of liberty
free to criticize the government and to petition it when they disagree with its policies.
right to protest actions of the Congress and the president racial and ethnic composition:
American population is constantly affected by the arrival of immigrants. First were Europeans fleeing from religious persecution, then slaves from Africa. Next were the Chinese to work on railroads, and then Irish Catholics escaping the potato famine. There were also more Europeans, and eventually came the Hispanics. Aging:
It used to be that persons under the age of twenty outnumbered those 65 and older, but that is no longer true. There have been changes in patterns of fertility, life expectancy, and immigration.
An aging population places costly demands on the government, and caused a problem with the working force as well. It could potentially result in dramatic cuts on elderly benefits and increased taxes for younger workers. religious beliefs:
many of the first settlers came to America to pursue their religious beliefs free from governmental intervention.
most identified with the Christian religion
they viewed the Indians' belief systems, including multiple gods, to be savage and unholy.
Christian values permeated American social and political systems.
Other religions have also taken root in the U.S., causing different political and social demands. regional growth and expansion:
Settlers from the Virginia colony southward were largely concerned about commerce. Those seeking religious freedom populated many settlements in the North.
The West was first populated by those seeking free land and then by those seeking dreams of gold. It is seen as "wild." some move there to avoid city life, others are interested in water rights
Those who live in rural areas are much more conservative than those who live in large cities. Family and Family size:
In the past, gender roles were clearly defined. Women did housework and men worked in the fields. Large families were imperative, and children were cheap labor. Industrialization put a dent in the size of American families. Children were no longer needed to work for the survival of the household, so couples began to put a limit on the sizes of their families. In 1949, many people thought 4 or more children was the "ideal" family size, but even more said that 0 to 2 was best. By 2008, only 70% of children lived with both parents.
There is a declining marriage rate, lower birthrate affect the kinds of demands placed on the government by the people. problems with ideological labels:
some people consider themselves liberal, when perhaps they have mostly conservative views and beliefs.
libertarians- believe in limited government and decry governmental interference with personal liberties. trade and taxation:
mercantilism- an economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.
to raise money to pay for wars as well as the upkeep of the colonists, taxes were put into place, such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. Formal Methods of Amending
2-stage amendment process-
1.) a vote of 2/3 of the members in both houses of Congress, or
2.) a vote of 2/3 of the state legislatures specifically requesting Congress to call a national convention to propose amendments. Ratifying the Constitution:
Must occur one of 2 ways:
1.) a favorable vote in 3/4 of the state legislatures;
2.) a favorable vote in specially called ratifying conventions in 3/4 of the states Informal methods of Amending the Constitution:
-judicial interpretation
-cultural & social change Writing the Constitution:
Constitution- a document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government
represents an economic document drawn with superb skill by men whose property interests were immediately at stake. Article III:Judiciary-
establishes judges
Supreme Court is highest court in US
judges serve for life, or until they want to retire
guarantees trial by jury in criminal court
defines the crime of treason Article IV: States rights-
-all states will honor the laws of other states
-citizens of one state are treated equally and fairly like all citizens of another
-if a person accused of a crime in one state flees to another will be returned to the state that person fled from
-how new states come into the Nation
-control of federal lands
-ensures a "Power by the People" government
-guarantees that the federal government will protect the states Article V: How to change the Constitution-
representatives, senators, and 2/3 of the states must vote on the change Article VI: Concerns the US
guarantees that the Constitution and all laws and treaties of the US to be the supreme law of the country
requires all officers of the US and of the states to swear an oath of allegiance to the US and the Constitution when taking office Article VII: Explained how the Constitution was agreed to-
of the original 13 states in the US, 9 had to accept the Constitution before it would officially go into effect http://ipad.io/c14b FEDERALISM SEG. #2 Privileges and Immunities: part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states Systems! federal: system of government where the national govt and state govt share power and derive all authority from the people Confederate: type of govt where the national govt derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states Unitary Systems: system of govt where the local and regional govt derive all authority from a strong national govt Nullification: the purported right of a state to declare void a federal law National powers under the Constitution:
-authorities to coin money
-conduct foreign relations
-provide for an army and navy
-declare war Powers! State Powers: each state appoints electors to vote for president, each state has a govt that represents the citizens of the state. Reserved Powers: ability to legislate for the public health, safety, and morals of their citizens
Interstate compacts: contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns The Congress:
Reasons for a Bicameral Legislature:
-Drawing on historical experience-British system along with many other colonial and state legislatures were bicameral.
-fulfilling the Connecticut Compromise- House of Representatives based on population, senate has equal representation in each state
-implementing federalism- House represents interests of the people, senate represents interests of the states. fragmented power- checking majority interests while protecting minority interests. Slows legislative process, allowing for careful deliberation and compromise
Elections-House always elected by eligible voters. Senators were originally chosen by state legislature, due to 17th Amendment, now elected by voters in each state
Apportionment: no exact size or House of Reps, but size shall be apportioned or distributed among the states based on their respective populations
Reapportionment: Congress reapportions, or reallocates, House seats after a census taken at 10-year intervals
Districts- Constitution does not define or discuss congressional districts. All seats in House would be filled from single-member districts. law assigned each state legislature the responsibility of drawing the boundary lines of its congressional districts
Gerrymandering:the legislative process by which the majority party in each state legislature redraws congressional districts to ensure the maximum number of seats for its candidates.
Supreme Court Limitation on Gerrymandering:
-one person, one vote- gave cities and suburbs greater representation in Congress
-congressional districts favored less-populous rural areas of state Congress concurrent powers: shared by both national and state SEG. #3 Article II: The Executive-
-creates the job of President
-both President and Vice President serve for 4 years
Presidents elected by the Electoral
-must be 35 and born in the USA
-Pres leads armed forces
-makes treaties with other nations
-has a Cabinet of advisers to aide him
-give yearly speech to the nation
-ensures the laws of the US are carried out
- meets with Ambassadors and other heads of state from other nations
-explains how to kick the pres from office, called impeachment ALIEN DHS Categorical Grants- made for specific, carefully defined purposes.
Block Grants- made for a broadly defined purpose.
New Federalism
Devolution Revolution- movement to transfer responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state and local governments
Unfunded Mandates- requires state and local governments to provide services without providing resources for these services
Bush and Federalism
Judicial Federalism
Progressive Federalism Tenth Amendment: Powers not delegated to the US by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people
Sixteenth Amendment:authorized congress to enact a national income tax
Seventeenth Amendment: made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures Supremacy Clause: the federal government, in exercising any of the powers enumerated in the Constitution, must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power.
How Congress is Organized
The House of Representatives:
-larger than Senate
-more formal structure and governed by stricter rules
-Speaker of House:
-presides over pres
-overseas House business
-stands second in line for presidential succession
-other House leaders:
-majority leader is elected leader that controls the House of Reps
-minority leader is elected leader of party with 2nd highest number of elected representatives
both parties have whips who maintain close contact with their members and try to ensure party unity on important votes
The Senate:
-smaller and less formally organized than House
-VP is pres of Senate and may only vote to break a tie
-other Senate leaders:
-president pro tempore presides over senate when VP is absent. (member of maj. party with longest service)
-majority leader is true leader of senate.
The Committee System: important in both houses but especially in House of Reps
-standing : permanent, focus on legislation in a particular area, all bills referred here, divided into subcommittees:
-select-temporary for specific purpose. formed to conduct investigation.
-joint-both houses, similar to select, focus on public attention
-conference-temporary to resolve between House and Senate
House Rules Committee
House Ways and Means Committee Differences between the House and Senate-Size and Terms: House- 25 years old minimum, 2 year terms, at least an American citizen for 7 years, total of 435 members (based on population- 1:650,000). Senate: At lease 30 years old, 6 year terms, American citizen for at least 9 years, and there is a total of 100; 2 for each state. Special Powers-House of Reps:-initiates revenue bills-brings charges of impeachment against pres, VP,and civil officers of the U.S.-chooses pres when electoral college is deadlocked.Senate:-ratifies treaties negotiated by the pres-possesses the sole power to try or judge impeachment cases-confirms judicial appointments: US attorneys, federal judges, US Supreme Court Justices-confirms executive appointments:cabinet heads,director of FBI, US attorney general Congressional Elections-incumbents usually win
Incumbency-single most important factor in determining the outcome of congressional elections
Incumbency Advantages-ability to raise more campaign contributions than their challengers
-better known to voters
-constituent service
-franking privilege:right of members of congress to mail newsletters to their constituents at the governments expense
-gerrymandering Committee Chairs and the Seniority System:
-committee chairs call meetings, schedule hearings, hire staff, select committee chairs
-chosen by a seniority system which majority party member with most continuous service automatically became chair
-chairs in both houses are now elected positions, but seniority is still the norm for selections
The Legislative Process
-5,000+ bills a year are introduced
-125, or 2.5% get made into law
-legislative process is lengthy with many obstacles
Creating Bills:
-anyone can write a bill but most are not written by a member of Congress
-most bills originate in the executive branch
-business, labor, agriculture, and othe interest groups draft bills
-only members of congress can introduce a bill
Sources of Bills
Committee Action:
-House and Senate have parallel processes
-bills assigned a number then sent to appropriate committee, usually referred by committee chair to a subcommittee for study, language, hearings, revisions, and approval
-most bills die in committees
-bills approved by a subcommittee are returned to full committee, where members can mar up or add items to the bill
-committees can reject bill or send it to House or Senate floor with positive recommendation Extradition clause:part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial McCulloch v. Maryland: supreme court upheld the power of the national govt and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the constitution's supremacy clause. The court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers Floor Action:House Action-House Rules Committee gives bill a rule, placing it on the legislative calendar, allowing a specified time for debate, and determining if any amendments will be allowedSenate Action-members able to speak on floor as long as they wish, filibuster- delaying or preventing action using long speeches, only stopped if 60 members vote for cloture to cut off debate, senator may ask to be informed before a particular bill is brought to the floor- called a holdConference Action- bill passed in different versions by both House and senate, conference committee formed to work out differences, then returned to each chamber to vote onOversight:congressional review of the activities of an executive agency, department, or office. senate confirms heads and presidential appointments to the federal courts-methods include: -setting guidelines for new agencies -holding hearings and conducting investigations -using budget control -reorganizing an agency -evaluating an agency's programsForeign Policy Action: constitutional division of power-congress has power to declare war. senate has power to ratify treaties-war powers resolutionAppointments-pres has power to appoint senior agency heads and subheads. enables pres to exercise influence over an agency. power is limited. senate approves appointments.Other Powers and Roles of CongressPower Checks the Congress has on other branches of government Gibbons v. Ogden: the supreme court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The court's broad interpretation of the constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers Dred Scott and Federalism: the supreme court concluded that the US congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states Batimore: the supreme court ruled that the due process clause of the fifth amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limirron v. Balted the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone Bill of Attainder: a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial Ex post facto law: law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed Full faith and credit clause: section of Article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state Dual Federalism: the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of govt is the best arrangement SEG #4 SEG #5 Presidential Qualifications and Terms of Office: natural born citizen of US,35+ years old, resident of US for 14+ years
Executive Power
Executive Privilege:the president's power to refuse to disclose confidential information
Appointment Power: constitution authorizes president to appoint ambassadors, public ministers and consuls, judges of Supreme Court and other officials with advise and consent of the Senate
Removal Power: president has power to remove many of his appointees at will
The Cabinet: presidential advisers who head 15 executive departments
The Kitchen Cabinet
The Executive Office of the President (OMB:office of management and budget-, NSC: national security council- advise president on Am military and foreign affairs, CEA)
The White House Staff: personal assistants to the president. power derived from their personal relationship to the president. no independent legal authority.
Legislative Powers
The Veto Power:the president's constitutional power to reject a bill passed by Congress. Congress may override veto with a 2/3 majority in each chamber
Line-Item Veto:the power to veto specific dollar amounts or line items from major congressional spending bills.
Working with Congress
Divided Government
Formal Constitutional Powers
Informal Constitutional Powers
The Role of Chief Diplomat:
The Role of Commander in Chief
Granting Reprieves and Pardons
Public Support
Presidential Approval Levels
The President and the Media
Key Features of a Bureaucracy
The Spoils System
The Pendleton Act
Federal and State Employees
Cabinet Departments
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Regulation Making Process
The President and the Bureaucracy
Appointments:pres has power to appoint senior agency heads and subheads- enables pres to exercise influence over an agency. pres power is limited- senate has power to approve pres appointments
Executive Orders: a directive, order or regulation issued by the pres. based on constitutional or statutory authority and have the force of law
Economic Powers:pres may use OMB to cut or add to an agency's budget. Congress has sole power to appropriate funds to an agency
Divided Authority:US has a system of divided supervision in which both the president and congress exercise authority over the federal bureaucracy. system of divided supervision creates checks and balances while at the same time often encouraging agencies to play one branch of govt against the other
Oversight: Congress has responsibility to exercise legislative oversight by:
exercising budgetary control by setting aside funds for each agency
holding hearings and conducting investigations
reorganizing an agency
setting new guidelines for an agency
spreading out responsibilities in order to prevent any one agency from becoming too powerful
Iron Triangles: an alliance among an administrative agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee. each member provides key services, info, or policy for others
Issue Networks:a network that includes policy experts, media pundits, congressional staff members, and interest groups who regularly debate an issue Advesarial-the court provides an arena for 2 parties to brings their conflicts before an impartial arbiter, or judge. plaintiff brings a charge, and the defendant is the one being charged
Passive-federal judges are restrained by the constitution to deciding actual disputes or cases rather than hypothetical ones. the judiciary is thus a pasive branch of govt that depends on others to take the initiative.
Jurisdiction and types- courts authority to hear a case: original-case first heard, appellate-cases brought to them on appeal from a lower court, exclusive- cases heard only in certain courts, concurrent- cases heard in either a federal or a state court
District Courts- 94 district courts under 700 judges
Courts of Appeals
Specialized Courts
Marbury v. Madison-established judicial review, and it overrules state courts
Nomination: competence, ideology and policy preferences, rae, ethnicity, and gender
Cases of Original Jurisdiction
Writ of certiorari
Rule of four
The Solicitor General-
Filing Briefs
Oral Arguments and that
Discussion and Voting
Types of Opinions- majority opinion:"opinion of the court" law of the land, concurring opinion:
Stare Decisis- "let the decision stand"
Judicial Restraint- SC should precedent to decide cases and defer to the elected institutions of government
Judicial Activism-fed courts must correct injustices when other branches or states refuse to
Public Opinion
Strict Constructionism
Loose Constructionism
Amicus Curae Briefs
Writ of Habeas Corpus-court order directing that a prisoner be brought before a court, officers show cause why prisoner should not be released-prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments
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AP Government ! WHOOOOOOO!
Every single detail that we have ever learned in this class
Amanda Shieldson 12 March 2013
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A FIVE-YEAR-OLD girl has died suddenly at her South Wales home.
Detectives were called to investigate the sudden and unexplained death of the Glyncoed Infants School pupil, who lived on the Waun Fach estate in Pentwyn, Cardiff, on Sunday.
The girl's parents told the school about their daughter's tragic death yesterday, when the rest of the school was returning after the two-week Easter break.
Her fellow pupils were today trying to come to terms with the tragedy and were holding a special assembly in her memory.
A spokeswoman for South Wales Police said the girl had been taken to the University Hospital of Wales in Heath, Cardiff, by ambulance after being taken ill at her home.
She added that police had investigated the death, but had concluded that there were no suspicious circumstances.
The coroner has been informed of the girl's death and a post mortem examination is due to take place this week.
One person living on the Waun Fach estate, who did not want to be named, said: "It's awful news."
Liberal Democrat councillor for Pentwyn, Judith Woodman, said: "I'm very sorry to hear about this very tragic death.
"To lose a child is incomprehensible.
"I can't imagine what it would be like under the circumstances. My heart goes out to the family at this very sad time."


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