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Recurrence Patterns After Open and Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer
European Urology, Volume 68, Issue 3, September 2015, Pages 399 - 405
Concerns remain whether robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compromises survival because of inadequate oncologic resection or alteration of recurrence patterns.
To describe recurrence patterns following open radical cystectomy (ORC) and RARC.
Design, setting, and participants
Retrospective review of 383 consecutive patients who underwent ORC (n = 120) or RARC (n = 263) at an academic institution from July 2001 to February 2014.
ORC and RARC.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Recurrence-free survival estimates were illustrated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Recurrence patterns (local vs distant and anatomic locations) within 2 yr of surgery were tabulated. Cox regression models were built to evaluate the effect of surgical technique on the risk of recurrence.
Results and limitations
The median follow-up time for patients without recurrence was 30 mo (interquartile range [IQR] 5–72) for ORC and 23 mo (IQR 9–48) for RARC (p = 0.6). Within 2 yr of surgery, there was no large difference in the number of local recurrences between ORC and RARC patients (15/65 [23%] vs 24/136 [18%]), and the distribution of local recurrences was similar between the two groups. Similarly, the number of distant recurrences did not differ between the groups (26/73 [36%] vs 43/147 [29%]). However, there were distinct patterns of distant recurrence. Extrapelvic lymph node locations were more frequent for RARC than ORC (10/43 [23%] vs 4/26 [15%]). Furthermore, peritoneal carcinomatosis was found in 9/43 (21%) RARC patients compared to 2/26 (8%) ORC patients. In multivariable analyses, RARC was not a predictor of recurrence. Limitations of the study include selection bias and a limited sample size.
Within limitations, we found that RARC is not an independent predictor of recurrence after surgery. Interestingly, extrapelvic lymph node locations and peritoneal carcinomatosis were more frequent in RARC than in ORC patients. Further validation is warranted to better understand the oncologic implications of RARC.
Patient summary
In this study, the locations of bladder cancer recurrences following conventional and robotic techniques for removal of the bladder are described. Although the numbers are small, the results show that the distribution of distant recurrences differs between the two techniques.
Keywords: Bladder cancer, Open radical cystectomy, Robot-assisted radical cystectomy, Recurrence, Local, Distant.
1. Introduction
Open radical cystectomy (ORC) is the mainstay of therapy for patients with muscle-invasive and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCa) [1] . Following successful adoption of minimally invasive techniques in kidney and prostate surgery, the last few years have seen growing interest in robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). In retrospective studies [2] and [3] and in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center randomized trial [4] , large differences in complication rates between RARC and ORC have not been observed.
However, the introduction of RARC into surgical practice has been accompanied by legitimate concerns regarding its oncologic efficacy [5] . To date, favorable outcomes in terms of positive surgical margin (PSM) rates and lymph node yield have been published [2], [3], and [6]. Early oncologic outcomes appear to be acceptable [7], [8], and [9]. Nevertheless, the use of RARC remains controversial and restricted to specialized centers [3], [6], [7], and [9]. Furthermore, there is anecdotal evidence of peritoneal seeding during minimally invasive surgery [10] , and pneumoperitoneum may impact BCa cell seeding [11] .
In light of the possibility of unusual recurrence locations after RARC, limited information is available for the robotic approach with regard to patterns of disease recurrence. In the present study we describe recurrence patterns in patients who underwent ORC and RARC.
2. Patients and methods
2.1. Patient population
Institutional review board approval was obtained to use data prospectively maintained in our BCa registry. A total of 411 RCs (136 ORC, 275 RARC) were performed at Weill Cornell Medical College by one surgeon from July 2001 to February 2014. Patients with non-bladder primary tumors (n = 24; 14 ORC, 10 RARC) and for whom RC had only palliative indication (n = 4; 2 ORC, 2 RARC) were excluded. A total of 383 patients (120 ORC, 263 RARC) remained for final analysis. Clinical stage was assigned based on a combination of specimen pathology at transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, evaluation during examination under anesthesia, and imaging studies. By definition, preoperative chemotherapy was administered to patients with clinically metastatic disease in lymph nodes and/or unresectable disease. In the case of a clinical response, surgical consolidation with RC and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) was offered. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was proposed to patients with clinically nonmetastatic disease [12] , and its use steadily increased during the study period. For instance, for patients with clinical T2–T4 disease, the rate of neoadjuvant therapy increased from 27% in 2001–2009 to 47% in 2010–2014. Adjuvant chemotherapy was proposed within 3 mo of surgery according to pathologic stage (T3–4, positive nodes) [12] . Institution of any chemotherapy was also discussed according to the patient's performance status, and the decision was ultimately made at the discretion of the patient and the genitourinary medical oncologist. To reduce the effect of variable use of chemotherapy on outcome, all three chemotherapy regimens were grouped into a single variable, perioperative chemotherapy, in the analyses.
2.2. Surgical techniques
The standard techniques for ORC and RARC have been described previously [13] and [14]. In both techniques, the limits of the PLND were the upper border of the common iliac artery superiorly, Cooper's ligament (including the node of Cloquet) inferiorly, the genitofemoral nerve laterally, and the bladder and sacral promontory medially. Although we attempt PLND in every RC candidate, this was not surgically feasible in eight patients because of prior pelvic irradiation, in two patients because PLND had been performed previously (in the context of nephroureterectomy in one case and an aborted RC attempt elsewhere in the other), and in five patients for other reasons (elderly morbid patients in three cases, one case of marked retroperitoneal desmoplastic reaction in the context of acute myelogenous leukemia and status after chemotherapy, and one case in which the tumor was unexpectedly found to be infiltrating adjacent structures in the pelvis).
2.3. Outcomes measures
2.3.1. Pathologic data
Bladder specimens were evaluated according to a standard pathology protocol. Pathologic data included histologic type, tumor grade according to the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification [15] , tumor and nodal stage according to the 2002 TNM classification [16] , the presence of lymphovascular invasion, and surgical margin status. A soft-tissue PSM was defined as the presence of tumor at the bladder and urethral and/or ureteral margin.
2.3.2. Oncologic outcomes
During the entire study period, the follow-up protocol comprised history, physical examination, urine cytology, and laboratory measurements every 3–4 mo in the first year, semi-annually in the second year, and annually thereafter. Diagnostic imaging was performed at least annually or when clinically indicated. Documentation of events was based on clinical and radiologic findings, and categorized as the first evidence of local recurrence, distant recurrence, or secondary urothelial carcinoma. Local recurrences, by definition, occurred within the soft-tissue field of exenteration (cystectomy bed and PLND template). Distant recurrences were defined as those that occurred at any other site. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was diagnosed either by imaging (nodular or solid peritoneal masses, focal or nodular peritoneal thickening in abdominopelvic computed tomography [CT]) [17] or intraoperatively during surgery for abdominal symptoms. Histologic confirmation was obtained whenever possible.
2.3.3. Statistical analysis
The χ2 test (or Fisher's exact test) and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare baseline variables between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to illustrate the probability of recurrence-free survival (RFS) for the entire cohort. Because our cohort was not balanced in terms of stage ( Table 1 ), Kaplan-Meier curves for patients with pathologic stage T0/Ta/Tis/T1 (n = 181), T2–T4 (n = 202), N0/Nx (n = 301), and N1–N3 (n = 82) were generated to reduce the effect of selection bias. Recurrence patterns within 2 yr of surgery were also described. Each patient was followed to recurrence or 2 yr of follow-up, whichever came first. For descriptive purposes, percentages were calculated as: number of patients with event within 2 yr/(number of patients with event within 2 yr + number of patients without event and follow-up ≥2 yr). Finally, a multivariable Cox regression model including all patients of the cohort tested for the effect of surgical technique on the risk of recurrence, adjusting for patient age (continuous), female gender (yes/no), clinical stage (T0/Ta/Tis, T1, T2, T3, T4), perioperative (i.e. preoperative, neoadjuvant, or adjuvant) chemotherapy (yes/no), pathologic stage (T0/Ta/Tis, T1, T2, T3, T4), nodal stage (N0/Nx, N1-3), lymphovascular invasion (yes/no), and PSM (yes/no). Collinearity between predictors was evaluated before formulating the final multivariable model. Competing-risks survival regression was also performed to correct the univariate and multivariable hazard ratios for the competing event of death before recurrence [18] . All p values are two-sided, with statistical significance evaluated at the α = 0.05 level. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the precision of the estimates obtained. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
|ORC (n = 120)
|RARC (n = 263)
|p value
|Age (yr)
|69 (63–75)
|72 (65–79)
|Female gender
|35 (29)
|56 (21)
|Ethnic origin
|104 (87)
|220 (84)
|8 (7)
|14 (5)
|3 (3)
|14 (5)
|5 (4)
|15 (6)
|Body mass index (kg/m2)
|24 (24–28)
|25 (23–28)
|History of smoking
|82 (68)
|148 (56)
|ASA score >2
|65 (54)
|138 (52)
|Previous abdominal surgery
|47 (39)
|94 (36)
|Previous pelvic radiotherapy
|11 (9)
|26 (10)
|Preoperative creatinine (mg/dl)
|1.02 (0.90–3.62)
|1.09 (0.87–1.46)
|eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
|73 (25–177)
|60 (47–80)
|Type of urinary diversion
|0.4 a
|Ileal conduit
|63 (53)
|157 (60)
|22 (18)
|49 (18)
|33 (28)
|55 (21)
|No diversion
|2 (2)
|2 (1)
|Clinical stage
|6 (5)
|31 (12)
|37 (31)
|62 (24)
|54 (45)
|142 (54)
|14 (12)
|20 (8)
|9 (8)
|8 (3)
|Preoperative/neoadjuvant chemotherapy
|28 (23)
|62 (24)
|Adjuvant chemotherapy
|21 (18)
|45 (17)
|Histologic type
|0.2 a
|107 (89)
|250 (95)
|5 (4)
|5 (2)
|5 (4)
|4 (2)
|3 (3)
|4 (2)
|Pathologic stage
|31 (26)
|105 (40)
|16 (13)
|29 (11)
|22 (18)
|39 (15)
|27 (23)
|61 (23)
|24 (20)
|29 (11)
|High tumor grade
|114 (95)
|258 (98)
|Lymphovascular invasion
|37 (31)
|61 (23)
|Soft-tissue positive margin
|15 (13)
|16 (6)
|Lymph nodes removed (n)
|20 (11–27)
|21 (13–28)
|Pathologic nodal stage
|6 (5)
|9 (3)
|84 (70)
|202 (77)
|12 (10)
|18 (7)
|15 (13)
|32 (12)
|3 (3)
|2 (1)
a Fisher's exact test. All other p values calculated using χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CCUD = continent cutaneous urinary diversion; OBS = orthotopic bladder substitute; UC = urothelial carcinoma; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma.
Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range) and categorical data as n (%). Percentages may not sum to 100% because of rounding.
3. Results
3.1. Baseline and pathologic data
The distribution of pathologic stage was unbalanced between the groups (p = 0.03; Table 1 ). Pathologic stage T4 was found in 24 (20%) of 120 ORC patients and 29 (11%) of 263 RARC patients, while pathologic stage T0/Ta/Tis was found in 31 (26%) of 120 ORC patients and 105 (40%) of 263 RARC patients. This difference in stage distribution was reflected in the rates of PSM (p = 0.03).
3.2. Oncologic outcomes and patterns of recurrence
The median follow-up time for patients without recurrence was 30 mo (interquartile range [IQR] 5–72) for ORC patients and 23 mo (IQR 9–48 mo) for RARC patients (p = 0.6). At last follow-up, 99 patients had experienced a recurrence, 37 in the ORC group and 62 in the RARC group. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrating RFS probability after ORC and RARC for all patients and after stratification by tumor and nodal stage are shown in Figure 1 .
There was no large difference in the number of local recurrences within 2 yr between ORC and RARC patients (15/65 [23%] vs 24/136 [18%]), and the distribution of local recurrences was similar between the groups ( Table 2 ). Similarly, the number of distant recurrences did not differ between ORC and RARC patients (26/73 [36%] vs 43/147 [29%]). However, there were distinct patterns of distant recurrence. Extrapelvic lymph node locations were more frequent in RARC than in ORC patients (4/26 [15%] ORC patients with distant recurrence vs 10/43 [23%] RARC patients with distant recurrence). In detail, all cases in the ORC group and seven cases in the RARC group were recurrences in the retroperitoneum. In addition, two recurrences in the RARC group were detected in the cervical chain and one in the mediastinum. Furthermore, peritoneal carcinomatosis was found in 2/26 (8%) ORC patients with distant recurrence, in contrast to 9/43 (21%) RARC patients with distant recurrence. In detail, five RARC patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis only, all diagnosed with abdominopelvic CT and histologically confirmed in three patients. Four RARC patients with multiple recurrence locations also had peritoneal carcinomatosis, confirmed histologically in one case. The two cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis in ORC patients were diagnosed by CT only. No port-site metastasis was documented in the RARC cohort.
|Any recurrence a
|33/79 (42)
|57/158 (36)
|Local recurrence a
|15/65 (23)
|24/136 (18)
|Cystectomy bed
|11 (73)
|14 (58)
|PLND template
|6 (40)
|12 (50)
|Distant recurrence a
|26/73 (36)
|43/147 (29)
|9 (35)
|14 (33)
|9 (35)
|10 (23)
|12 (46)
|16 (37)
|Extrapelvic lymph node
|4 (15)
|10 (23)
|Peritoneal carcinomatosis
|2 (8)
|9 (21)
|Other (brain, adrenal)
|3 (12)
|Secondary urothelial carcinoma
|Upper urinary tract
|3 (75)
|1 (25)
a For descriptive purposes, percentages were calculated as: number of patients with event within 2 yr/(number of patients with event within 2 yr + number of patients without event and follow-up ≥2 yr).
PLND = pelvic lymph node dissection.
Data are presented as n/N (%) or n (%). Percentages for recurrence locations do not sum because four patients had local recurrences located in both the cystectomy bed and the PLND template, and 22 patients had multiple distant recurrence locations.
In the multivariable Cox regression model, RARC was not an independent predictor of recurrence after adjusting for patient age, gender, clinical stage, perioperative chemotherapy, pathologic stage, nodal stage, lymphovascular invasion, and PSM (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.50–1.21; p = 0.2; Table 3 ). Accounting for the competing risk of death before recurrence using competing-risks survival regression did not alter the findings in the univariate and multivariable models (data not shown).
|p value
|Age (continuous)
|Female gender
|Clinical stage
|Perioperative chemotherapy
|Pathologic stage
|Nodal stage
|Lymphovascular invasion
|Positive surgical margin
HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; ORC = open radical cystectomy; RARC = robot-assisted radical cystectomy.
4. Discussion
Oncologic efficacy remains the standard that will ultimately verify the true value of RARC. Concerns about proper oncologic resection and the possibility that pneumoperitoneum enhances tumor cell dissemination prompted our precise analysis of recurrence patterns after ORC and RARC, while bearing in mind that selection bias accounted for baseline differences between the two groups.
In this study, we detected 15/65 (23%) and 24/136 (18%) local recurrences within 2 yr of surgery in ORC and RARC patients, respectively. In agreement with ORC series, patients who developed local recurrence in the current study usually did so within the first 18 mo after surgery [19], [20], and [21]. Nevertheless, the relatively small number of patients does not preclude the possibility of differences between the two surgical techniques with regard to local recurrence. Importantly, selection bias was present, as patients undergoing ORC presented with higher clinical and pathologic stages.
The most interesting finding with regard to metastases is the distribution of distant recurrence locations between ORC and RARC. The most frequent locations remained the lungs, liver, and bone, which is consistent with the pattern of metastasis seen in autopsy studies and previous clinical series [21], [22], [23], and [24]. However, extrapelvic lymph node locations were more frequent for RARC than for ORC in patients with distant recurrence (10/43 [23%] vs 4/26 [15%]). It is often suggested that the maneuverability of the robotic system may limit the ability to perform a thorough extended PLND. However, we believe that our robot-assisted PLND technique adheres to the same oncologic standards and anatomic boundaries as our open technique. In this study, the median number of lymph nodes removed did not significantly differ between ORC and RARC (20 vs 21). Of course, it is still possible that factors related to the dissection technique are responsible for the current findings. Nevertheless, all of the extrapelvic lymph node recurrences were, by definition, outside the primary extended PLND template, regardless of whether an open or robotic approach was used. One possible explanation for the higher number of extrapelvic lymph node recurrences could be variant lymphatic dissemination as a result of the robotic technique. The true answer to this is not known, however, and the results remain intriguing.
Similarly, peritoneal carcinomatosis was more frequent in RARC patients than in ORC patients with distant recurrence (9/43 [21%] vs 2/26 [8%]). Laparoscopic surgery has been associated with a minimal risk of peritoneal tumor spread through the effect of pneumoperitoneum [10] and [11]. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is found in 16–19% of BCa subjects in autopsy and clinical studies, albeit most often in association with extensive metastases at other locations [22] and [23], while peritoneal carcinomatosis was the sole location in more than half of our cases. However, eight of nine RARC patients who developed peritoneal carcinomatosis had pathologic stage ≥T3, supporting the notion that peritoneal carcinomatosis was more a reflection of cancer biology than a surgical issue. Although the numbers are too few for robust conclusions, our findings warrant further investigations. If differences in recurrence patterns indeed exist between RARC and ORC, we do not believe that the cause is related to the experience level of the surgeon, as most RARC patients with extrapelvic lymph node metastasis or peritoneal carcinomatosis were operated on from 2008 to 2012. Furthermore, precautionary measures are taken to prevent spillage of any malignant cells into the operative field. Following division of the anterior urethral wall, the Foley catheter is immediately clipped with a large Hem-o-lok clip and then cut distal to the clip to maintain the integrity of the balloon. The posterior urethral wall is divided, and the bladder and the indwelling Foley catheter are immediately placed in an Endo Catch bag, thus avoiding urinary extravasation or tumor spillage, which were never observed in this cohort.
Of note, within 2 yr of surgery no secondary urothelial carcinoma was detected in the ORC group, while only four cases were diagnosed in the RARC group. Previous reports have demonstrated that the median time to secondary urothelial carcinomas ranges from 3.3 to 4.3 yr [25] and [26], and rates of urinary tract recurrences are as low as 1.7% at 5 yr [19] . In accordance with our study design, we reported events within 2 yr of surgery. Moreover, the ORC group represented a smaller patient sample than the RARC group. These factors likely explain our findings.
Previous reports evaluating RARC included patients with few comorbidities and low disease burden [14], [27], and [28], which reflects the expected selection bias when a new surgical technique is introduced. Although in our experience these factors have become less important when discussing the surgical technique, selection bias certainly remains, and must be accounted for when drawing conclusions related to oncologic outcomes. The open approach remains the technique of choice in patients with larger tumors and unfavorable local tumor status, allowing easier intraoperative manipulation of specimens [29] . Although adjustment for baseline differences showed no evidence of an additional risk of recurrence in RARC patients, it should be kept in mind that multivariable analyses cannot account for all confounding factors in a data set. Moreover, the CI of the hazard ratio for recurrence is relatively wide, implying that an association between RARC and recurrence cannot be excluded with certainty. However, the fact that extrapelvic lymph node locations and peritoneal carcinomatosis were found more frequently in RARC patients, the cohort with less advanced disease, suggests that selection bias could also have attenuated differences. Potential variations in the use of perioperative chemotherapy are an additional limitation of the study. Taken together, our results are hypothesis-generating and should encourage discussions among urologists.
5. Conclusions
Within limitations, we found that RARC is not an independent predictor of recurrence after surgery. Interestingly, extrapelvic lymph node locations and peritoneal carcinomatosis were more frequent in RARC than in ORC patients. Further validation is warranted to better understand the oncologic implications of RARC.
Author contributions: Daniel P. Nguyen had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Nguyen, Scherr.
Acquisition of data: Nguyen, Al Hussein Al Awamlh, Inoyatov, Ayangbesan.
Analysis and interpretation of data: Nguyen, Wu, Christos, Faltas, Scherr.
Drafting of the manuscript: Nguyen.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Nguyen, Al Hussein Al Awamlh, Faltas, Wu, Christos, O'Malley, Scherr.
Statistical analysis: Nguyen, Wu, Christos.
Obtaining funding: Scherr.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Scherr.
Supervision: Nguyen, Scherr.
Other: None.
Financial disclosures: Daniel P. Nguyen certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: Daniel P. Nguyen is supported by research grants from the Nuovo-Soldati Foundation, the Arnold U. und Susanne Huggenberger-Bischoff Foundation, the Bangerter Foundation, and the Swiss Urological Association (Switzerland). Douglas S. Scherr is supported in part by the Frederick J. and Theresa Dow Wallace Fund of the New York Community Trust. Xian Wu and Paul J. Christos were partly supported by a grant from the Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College (UL1-TR000457-06). The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: None.
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a Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
b Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
c Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
d Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
⁎ Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021, USA. Tel. +1 646 6331322; Fax: +1 212 7468941.
Article information
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.003
© 2015 European Association of Urology, Published by Elsevier B.V.


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Submitted by tim ribaric on Tue, 03/03/2009 - 08:20
Recently I got a Dell Inspiron Mini 9. It came packed with version A01 of the bios. Gee thanks big box store, I'm not complaining, just saying is all. I was a bit worried because I scrubbed Windows off of it in a matter of hours and it looked like a windows environment was needed to apply the patch. That was until I saw this.
Submitted by tim ribaric on Tue, 01/27/2009 - 15:11
Addthis is a great way to make a website look fancy without doing much work. In the most simple of senses it is a bookmarklet that will transport the page you are looking at to a huge stack of different web based services. Stuff like Delicious, FURL, Facebook etc. The extra bonus is that there is no cost involved and setup doesn't take very long. If you've been developing in a CMS or with a consistent template system it should be a trivial task.
Since Dspace is my most current project I thought it would be a good idea to include the Addthis button to that as well. Now Dspace is a bit of a bear when it comes to rendering pages so it won't be as straight forward as with a PHP or HTML site.
Submitted by tim ribaric on Mon, 01/19/2009 - 14:07
This is a great idea: http://trilogy.brynmawr.edu/trico/sys/sms.html
By going off the books it is possible to add some javascript to a typical III Catalogue and get a very neat 'Send to Cell Phone' feature. Going along with the suggestions on the page I modified the script (sms.pl) and changed it into PHP. I even added a tiny amount of statistical gathering. My thought is if this thing is very popular it might be worth creating more interesing options. Something along the lines of 'Send this to an email address' or 'Recommend this to a friend'. Anyway here is my version of sms.php:
Submitted by tim ribaric on Fri, 01/16/2009 - 17:47
Getting Dspace up and running is a bit of a handful. The difficulty is mostly due to the fact that it is Java based, (In my opinion anyway) Every different distro has a different way to setup the prerequisites so a standard install guideline won't be very useful. The following are the key points required to get Dspace up and going on a FreeBSD system.
Submitted by tim ribaric on Tue, 01/06/2009 - 16:51
Sometimes it would be great to run SaskScript if you have a new database or collection activated in your SFX knowledge base. The only problem is there is no simple way of resolving one single target with SaskScript . SaskScript is an all or nothing deal if you use the GET style resolving where it queries your SFX server live to get the data. I've put together a little app that will do the MANUAL style resolving of one or two particular targets.

subset: commoncrawl


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Nossa Bossa
A voyage of discovery into the mesmerising world of Brazilian music. Songs from the Bossa Nova songbook and from the lesser known (in Europe) but equally enchanting Brazilian Popular Music repertoire, mostly sung in the original Brazilian language and interspersed with short talks about the history of the musical genre and background/significance of each number and meaning of the lyrics. The two guitars engage in jazzy soloing dialogues, supported by refined, authentic Brazilian drum grooves.


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A woman opened fire on two robbery suspects in her apartment Saturday morning, killing one and leaving the second with "multiple gunshot wounds."
The alleged robbery incident occurred around 6:30 a.m in Muncie, Indiana.
According to WTHR, the woman "told police that two people [allegedly] broke into her apartment in an attempt to rob her." She opened fire on the suspects, killing "Trayon Turner of Indianapolis." The second suspect fled the scene once the woman opened fire but was apprehended after showing up at a hospital to get treatment for his gunshot wounds.
Ball State University is located in Muncie. The school was placed on lockdown during the roughly 30 minutes that transpired between the time the second suspect fled the apartment and the time he showed up to get medical treatment.
An individual who was in the apartment at the time of the alleged robbery is believed to have been shot by the robbery suspects. "That person was transported to IU Ball Memorial Hospital in Muncie and is expected to fully recover."
AWR Hawkins is the Second Amendment columnist for Breitbart News and political analyst for Armed American Radio. Follow him on Twitter: @AWRHawkins. Reach him directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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2015 Mini Cooper Countryman
The 2015 Mini Cooper Countryman will get many updates for upcoming model. Familiar styling will be present, but with some modifications. Also, we will see new interior, while safety features will be updated and upgraded. It won't be all-new car, no matter on all this changes. In last five years since Countryman is present on the market, it had good selling records, so same is expected from 2015 Mini Countryman.
2015 Mini Cooper Countryman redesign
Base models of 2015 Mini Cooper Countryman will be well-configured. However, many optional features will be available, so all buyers can upgrade it as they want. Wide range of available equipment, make new Mini Cooper Countryman affordable for almost all. Hi-tech and luxury features could satisfy even the most demanding fans. New vehicle will get the latest MINI Connected infotainment system which you can integrate with smartphones and internet services. Touchscreen display at the center stash will contain many apps which could be controlled from joystick.
Outside, shape is the same. For 2015 Countryman, car gets chrome air-vent trim and anthracite-colored dials, which are standard. Truck will be enlarged, with up to 42 cubic feet of volume with folded rear seats. Sportier 2015 Mini Cooper Countryman S will have some more chrome details, with underbody guards. From standard features, notable are 17-inch alloy wheels, fog lights in LED technology, piano-black colored accents and wide range of exterior colors.
2015 Mini Cooper Countryman engines
Powertrains for new 2015 Countryman will remain the same as for previous model. Front-wheel drive system is standard again, while AWD is also available. As for engines, we will have three options for 2015 Mini Cooper Countryman. Base models will be equipped with 1.6-l 4-cylinder engine capable for 121 hp. Turbocharged 1.6-l is placed in sportier Vooper S Countryman with higher output of 181 hp. Top of the range is special John Cooper Works model with modification of the same drivetrain and 211 hp under its hood. All engines are mated to 6-speed manual gearbox.
2015 Mini Cooper Countryman safety
New 2015 Mini Cooper Countryman has not been tested yet for crush safety. But, last year testing at Insurance Institute for Highway Safety awarded it with "Good" in all categories. For 2015 year model, safety is upgraded with tire-pressure sensor system, daytime running lights, and a parking-alert assistant.


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Amish "Homestead Collection" Pine Entertainment Center - TV Stand by Montana WoodworksThis handcrafted Amish entertainment center can accommodate widescreen TVs up to 52", as well as provide space for cable boxes, tuners, game systems and other electronic components. The bottom portion of the rustic entertainment center features two raised panel doors that conceal a 40"W x 14"D x 20"H storage area with a center mounted shelf.
Pictured with the optional stain and lacquer (See "Additional Images" thumnail(s) above for unfinished), it is designed to match perfectly with any of our other rustic Amish furniture, the top is crafted of solid pine and edge-glued for durability intended for a lifetime.
Approx. dimensions: 44"W x 16"D x 40"H, 75 lbs
Each piece of rustic Amish furniture in this line by Montana Woodworks is handcrafted in America. The logs used to create these rustic masterpieces are harvested in a sustainable manner by selecting "dead-standing" Lodgepole Pine.
This Amish furniture, as with most of our rustic furniture, includes free curbside delivery to the lower 48 States. This Montana Woodworks "Homestead" Amish furniture generally ships within 7-10 business days of order, and is backed by a manufacturers 20-year warranty.


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We are four girls (Olivia Coutre, Emma Duggan, Grace Jennings, and Sarah Reichheld) known as the Giving Gals who fundraise and volunteer to make a difference for those in unjust situations. This is a summary of a great cause we helped out last fall during our 8th grade year. (Fall 2014)
Project C.U.R.E. or Commission on Urgent Relief and Equipment donates medical supplies and equipment to countries around the world. Project C.U.R.E., founded in 1987, has small collection centers where donated medical supplies are then delivered to larger distribution warehouses. Project C.U.R.E. has helped out patients and families throughout 130 countries all over the world. Not only do they ship out 2-3 cargo containers of supplies a week around the world, but they also work with many volunteers to empower doctors and nurses, deliver vaccines, and help perform surgeries. Project C.U.R.E.'s mission is to deliver and continue to deliver health and hope throughout the world.
In order to help Project C.U.R.E., we held two major camps. This included a Halloween camp with many fun and easy halloween crafts, a scavenger hunt with clues forming a skeleton, joke telling, ghost in the graveyard, and many more spooky games and activities! This camp was attended by over 12 kids in kindergarten, first, and second grades and helped us to raise over $230. Along with the Halloween camp, we held a fall themed camp on Veteran's Day. At this camp each kid baked a mini apple crisp, did many leaf and turkey crafts, a team bonding scavenger hunt with pieces to form a leaf with trees, and many other fun games. It was a great time for a group of over 10 kids to honor our veterans and support those with medical needs by raising almost $200. Our overall goal of both camps was to inform them on Project C.U.R.E. and the problems people were facing around the world while educating them on how they could make their difference. Along with this, we made it a priority to provide a fun afternoon for them with old and new friends.
During Project C.U.R.E. we made it a major goal of ours to not only raise money for causes we believed in, but also to spread awareness of how we can all make change. The camps were a great way to educate kids who were going to be our next generation of change makers. Along with the camps, we sold 36 Giving Gals t-shirts and other pieces of clothing with Mahatma Gandhi's "Be the change you wish to see in the world" on the back. Through your support we were able to fundraise over $360 and spread the message of hope. All in all through selling the shirts, running camps, and donations we were able to fundraise $1046 to help medical crises around the world.
Over the summer of 2014 before fundraising for Project C.U.R.E. we decided to do some hands on work. We did this by volunteering at gaining grounds, a non-profit farm donating fresh food to meal plans and food pantries, and by participating in the Emerson 5k run/walk raising money for cancer patient care at Mass General. Although Project C.U.R.E. was obviously a very worthy, effective cause it came to us the importance of helping those locally. We hope to continue helping out these local organizations and recommend that others check out the many other wonderful opportunities there are locally to help out people just like us with problems we could never imagine.
To learn more about what we do check out our website at givinggals.org or follow us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/thegivinggals
Thanks for all your support - we couldn't have gotten where we are without the support of people like you!


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Day 9 of 30 Day Challenge
The new year is a good time to take stock of finances. Do you have a budget? A plan to to afford a getaway trip? A monthly savings plan? Do you notice that that money goes through cycles? Sometimes lots of it comes in and then it seems to trickle in. As the planets move and form different alignments it can create a palpable ebb and flow to your finances.
Know your chart and you will know when the money is coming in. One of the easiest ways is to watch Venus and Jupiter in their transits around the zodiac. When these planets go through the second house of your chart money is likely to come in. So, do you know the sign on your second house?
Mine has the sign Leo on the second house. So whenever Venus and Jupiter are in the sign of Leo they are in my second house. Since Venus stays close to the Sun I know that in the months July, August, & September Venus is going to be going through my second house. It will last about 3-4 weeks and it will always happen during those months I just listed. This year Venus will be in Leo from July 31-Aug 26.
Jupiter has a longer cycle. It spends about a year in one sign. Jupiter was in Leo not too long ago, it was in Leo July 2014 until August 2015. Every 12 years Juoiter goes through my second house. This last time Jupiter was squaring Saturn during that year. This means that I did Not have an increase in income because Saturn is a restrictive planet. This year in particular it put limits on what Jupiter could bring in. It helps to watch how the other planets affect the fortunate planets. 12 years from last July 2014 Jupiter will be in Leo again. That's a long time time wait. Thank goodness there are other factors that can be beneficial for finances.
Profection is one of those factors. Profection is the technique of house emphasis for one year. Each birthday starts a new house emphasis. When you are born the first house is emphasized. When your age turns 1 then the next house, #2, becomes emphasized. You may not be aware of finances when you are one year old. So the next time your second house will emphasized is age 13, you still probably wont't have much awareness about making money. So at age 25 you should definitely be aware of your financial income. The following ages emphasize your second house: 37, 49, 61, 73, 85, & 97.
Part of knowing your chart is knowing how strong your second house is as well as knowing the sign ruling it. The sign will tell you some of your second house story (or money story) here are the other things that will also tell you about your second house story: what planet rules the sign on the second house, the nature of that ruling planet, where the ruling planet is located, how dignified that planet is and how many planets are in the second house. There are other factors too, but the ones listed are most important.
Start learning your chart and you have an excellent guide for planning your finances throughout your life.
Use Astrology to Plan Success!


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In August, the Clark County Fair will be celebrating 144 years in the community. Every year, the fair provides entertainment, blue ribbon animals, and irresistible fair food. It is an honor for me to be able to be part of the fair in a much larger way, this year. I am Katie Surritt, the 19 year old 2013 Riverview Clark County Fair Court Queen. My job is to represent the fair across the Pacific Northwest with my Horse at networking events, community functions, and rodeos with my two princesses. Together, we make up the Fair Court. I made the decision to revolutionize the Court's involvement in the community by becoming a part of a non-profit organization that each of us can represent throughout the year.
My decision for my non-profit was easy and was made in honor of my many friends and fellow citizens who dedicate their lives to serving our country. There is simply no other non-profit that I believe is more worthy: Wounded Warriors. With their help, wounded soldiers and their families are introduced into civilian life again through physical, mental, and economic support programs. As this is my third year working with Wounded Warriors, I know that I can take my fundraising efforts to new heights.
If my heart could speak, you would see that it has dedicated every ounce of being to this organization. It is only when you personally know a solider, their family, their sacrifice, and their pain that you feel the need to help. I have this need. However, I also have a need for your help. I am asking you for a donation that will be auctioned off at our coronation on February 2nd that will help raise funds for our Wounded Warriors. A donation can come in any form or size; a large gift, a small gift, or a personal donation. Your company will receive recognition and gratitude at our event, as well as a personal invitation to join us in celebrating.
I strongly invite you to visit Wounded Warriors on Facebook or on their website, Woundedwarriorproject.org. If you have any questions or would like to donate, please contact myself at (360) 213-6964 or the Clark County Fair office at (360)397-6180. I would love to answer any questions or meet with you personally to discuss donations, coronation details, and the great accomplishments of the Wounded Warrior Project and my involvement with our nation's heroes.
Katie Surritt
2013 Riverview Community Bank Clark County Fair Court Queen
The Team: $0 TOTAL RAISED SO FARJOIN THE TEAM
Want to help Fundraise or Volunteer for this amazing Fundraiser? Join the Team


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HelpSmith is the premier help authoring tool which you can use to create CHM HTML Help files, Web Help systems, and Printed Manuals. There is NO need to learn anything or code lots of HTML files as HelpSmith includes a full-featured word-processor, dynamic styles, single media repository and other unique features.


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1. Cinderella
Cinderella 2015 film is an adaptation of the 1950 Disney Cartoon film. It has brought all the characters into life with Lily James as Cinderella and Richard Madden as Prince Charming. Everything in the cartoon film has been played on the movie with very little contrast.
Young Ella lost her father and was left living with her stepmother and 2 step sisters at her own home. However, her step family turned evil and maltreated her. They took everything away from her and turned her into a housemaid. A palace ball will change her life forever with the help of her Fairy Godmother.


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by Stan A. Bryce
Smoking by the fireplace,
Adorned in leather and in lace.
Red mouthed like a venomed flower,
Blooming with wantonness power,
To which men praise and cower
Yet to her I am effaced. 🌹
My love, she stands above me
And I am at her feet.
She is Venus wrapped in furs
As she slithers and she purrs,
Eyes beguiling and demur,🌹
Her mercy ebbs and flows
As I watch from far below.
She's the nightmare of my dreams.
The mistress of my screams.
Like a goddess set agleam…
Full poem here.
Art by Brian Viveros


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Kale & Sweet Potato Quesadillas by OhMyVeggies
These are one of my absolute favorite things to eat! And the good news is that you can really do quite a bit to customize them, like getting a vegan sausage and tossing it in the food processor for a minute to replace the veggie chorizo. I also like to food process my kale because otherwise it comes out in bits and pieces as you bite it. And if you aren't vegan or veggie? Toss some cheese on that dilla.
Black Bean and Potato Nacho Plate by OhSheGlows
We haven't made this in a bit, but its delicious. The potatoes replace the chips, making for a heartier meal. I'd say you can do quite a bit of mixing it up veggie-wise to get it where you want it, but this recipe is pretty solid. And if you're not vegan and not up to cashew cream, just sub with some guac and cheese! Or go big and dump some queso on it.
Spicy BBQ Chickpea Burger by OhSheGlows
So yeah, another OhSheGlows recipe. IDK! This burger is hands down my favorite burger ever. I'll pick this up over meat just about any damn day of the week. I customize mine only slightly by adding more BBQ sauce then it calls for, because I realllllly want that flavor to come through.
Corn and Pablano Lasagna via Food Network
So this is… ridiculously good. And also ridiculously easy to make. If you're someone who is on the go and needs to take lunch to work the next day, no worries, it reheats well too. I ended up using more corn than needed for this recipe and I think it works out better that way. If you wanted to, I think adding shredded chicken would go well in this recipe.
Stovetop Pesto Mac by OhMyVeggies
So, I'm gonna say that both OhSheGlows and OhMyVeggies have been some of my favorite resources for vegan/vegetarian food. And this pesto mac is amazing! Seriously, just go for it. The recipe also includes so info on making your own Mac n cheese as well.
So they ya have it- my favorite vegan/vegetarian dishes, with some modifications. I've gone through a few periods in my life where I ate strictly vegan or strictly vegetarian, though that isn't the case anymore. We do still incorporate those recipes into our lives, sometimes with modifications and sometimes without.
Until next time!


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For over 25 years Pasternack has helped support the requirements of countless Boeing programs with various RF and microwave related products and we have always appreciated the opportunity to be a part of their team
Irvine, CA (PRWEB) July 26, 2012
Pasternack Enterprises, Inc., a leading ISO 9001:2008 manufacturer and International supplier of custom and standard RF, microwave and fiber optic products, today announced that it has received the 2011 Boeing Performance Excellence Award.
The Boeing Company issues the award annually to recognize suppliers who have achieved superior performance. Pasternack maintained a Silver composite performance rating for each month of the 12-month performance period, from Oct. 1, 2010, to Sept. 30, 2011. This year, Boeing recognized 407 suppliers who achieved a Silver level Boeing Performance Excellence Award.
"We are very proud to be recognized as one of Boeing's top suppliers and believe this is a reflection of the Company's dedication to service and level of commitment we have for all of our customers," says Terry Jarnigan, President of Pasternack Enterprises, Inc. "For over 25 years Pasternack has helped support the requirements of countless Boeing programs with various RF and microwave related products and we have always appreciated the opportunity to be a part of their team."
To find out more about the Boeing Performance Excellence Award, visit http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/doingbiz/supplier_portal/bpea.html. For more information about Pasternack, please visit our website at http://www.pasternack.com/t-company-profile.aspx.
About Pasternack Enterprises, Inc.
A leader in RF cables, adapters and connectors since 1972, Pasternack Enterprises is an ISO 9001:2008 certified manufacturer and international supplier of RF, Microwave and Fiber Optic products. Pasternack offers off-the-shelf availability and same-day shipping of the industry's broadest selection of quality RF and Microwave components.
Press Contact:
Ken Vitto
Pasternack Enterprises, Inc.
17802 Fitch
Irvine, CA 92614
(949) 261-1920


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Connection Established Between Mediterranean Diet and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
A study suggests that reduced consumption of sweets and red meat and replacing them with fats that are plant-based rather than a low-fat diet can be more effective.
The new study has also discovered that even if there's no weight loss, sticking to a diet that is rich in farm fresh produce like olive oil, vegetables, fruits etc. can be about 40% even more effective in steering away from the formation of Type 2 diabetes than following a low fat diet.
This research indicates that for a nation of 78 million adults who suffer from obesity, a diet that is low on sweets and red meat and is replaced by plant based fats is a more stable way of improving one's health, even if this does not permanently solve weight loss issues.
These discoveries add weightage to the recent research that indicates that it is easier to stick to a traditional Mediterranean diet that is more likely to bring about an improvement in health than other more restrictive regimes. When compared to people on low fat diet, some trial participants whose Mediterranean diet was replaced with a regular intake of tree nuts (like walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds) had 18% lesser chances of developing Type 2 diabetes. This was considered to be a positive trend by researchers who admitted that this difference had fallen short of showcasing the inferiority of a low-fat diet clearly over such a diet.
It was recently published in the latest entry of the Annals of Internal Medicine that in a diet fracas, which lasted for over 4 years, about 3,541 older Spanish people were found to be at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There was also within a larger clinical experiment where a subgroup exhibited the impact of the Mediterranean diet in helping reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks.
The New England Journal of Medicine that was documented in February showed a trial of 7447 subjects; it was discovered that individuals on a Mediterranean diet who added extra virgin olive oil or nuts had about 30% lesser chances of suffering from stroke, heart attack or other cardiovascular diseases than those who were asked to follow a low-fat diet.
A professor of epidemiology and medicine at the Harvard University, Dr. Meir J. Stampfer regarded it to be a major step in firmly establishing the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet, which was followed only in southern Europe until now.


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There is an ancient Hindu myth where the 60,000 sons of King Sagara are turned to ashes for their arrogance and impudence towards the sage Kapila while looking for their father's sacrificial horse stolen by Indra, the chief of the gods. After 4 generations, a great-great grandson of Sagara, named Bhagīratha, succeeds through austerities in propitiating the goddess Gangā (the river Ganges) to descend from heaven to earth and flow over the ashes, purifying them to allow their souls to go to heaven. Lest the force of her falling torrent destroy the earth, the god Shiva agrees to have Gangā land on his head as an intermediate point to break the fall. The story ends with Bhagīratha leading the mighty river Gangā in stately procession to the ashes of his ancestors to complete the purification.
The descent of the divine that grants a blessing is a perennial theme. Zeus descends upon Danäe as a shower of gold that bestows a son, the Holy Spirit begets a savior on a virgin, and the mystics speak of the rain of grace, a spiritual inundation in the arid world of materiality.
The intricate warp of harmony and weft of melody in polyphonic music or the arresting juxtaposition of beauty and intelligence in any art form also provide openings to this grace if the attention is open and the mind is still, offering an unobstructed conduit to a force that is always flowing, if we would only surrender our individual channels to its current.
In Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story, Tony and Maria sing these lyrics from the song "Tonight":
Today the world was just an address
A place for me to live in
No better than all right
But here you are and what was just a world is a star tonight
Tonight, tonight, it all began tonight
I saw you and the world went away
Is it grace? Is it love? All we know is that when it blesses us, "the world goes away" and we are in touch with a vast space filled with light and bliss, perhaps with who or what we truly are. The dry dust of our quotidian existence receives a downpour and bursts into a flowering spring.


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If the three days of the 2017 WeTeach_CS Summit (June 5-7) just doesn't sound like enough CS professional development goodness for your tastes, then consider sticking around and taking part in WeTeach_CS Deep Dives (June 8-9). Deep Dive courses will include, a condensed version of our WeTeach_CS Certification Prep course, Bootstrap, Exploring Computer Science (ECS), and Project GUTS. Today, let's take a closer look at Exploring Computer Science (ECS).
About Exploring Computer Science (ECS)
The Exploring Computer Science (ECS) professional development program is based on three major pillars: computer science content/concepts, inquiry, and equity. These pillars are woven throughout all of the support provided to our teacher community. Computer science instruction is modeled through role playing, jig sawing activities, pair and small-group collaboration, structured tinkering, multiple solutions, utilizing manipulatives, and simulations. We firmly believe that ECS teachers and students are part of a community where all learners have a voice and can make valuable contributions to the learning of the whole group. Click for more information about Exploring Computer Science (ECS)
About WeTeach_CS Deep Dives
WeTeach_CS Deep Dives is a one and a half day short course event which will immediately follow the WeTeach_CS Summit. The event is made up of four distinct professional development courses (strands) going on simultaneously. Participants will choose which strand they wish to attend during online registration. And while we encourage anyone attending the WeTeach_CS Summit to stay and take part in one of the Deep Dives strands, it's not necessary to be registered for the Summit in order to register for a Deep Dives course.
- When – June 8-9, 2017
- Where – UT-Austin Pickle Research Campus, Commons Learning Center
- Cost – $120 per participant
- Registration Deadline – June 1, 2017
- Accommodations and Transportation Reimbursement – Participants may be eligible for accommodations and travel reimbursements from the Center for STEM Education at UT Austin. See event page for details.
- WeTeach_CS Summit registration does not guarantee a spot in a Deep Dives session, so be sure to register for both!
- You do not have to attend the WeTeach_CS Summit in order to attend the WeTeach_CS Deep Dives. These are separate events.


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In an ideal world, I'd have unlimited time and money so that I could cook every meal for myself and my friends (and Phil). But there are occasions when you want a meal out. And sometimes you want that meal to just be cheap - of course it would be nice to stick to the independent bistro allll the time, but that's not realistic. There are quite a few decent chain restaurants in the UK with several branches around London - and with 2 for 1 vouchers constantly floating around, it seems silly not to take advantage every once in a while.
I recently went to see a movie and got a voucher for pizza express. I don't think I've ever eaten there before, but it's pretty hard to miss one. There's even one on our little high street. So Phil and I decided to eat there for a bit of a change. Of course, he has plenty of options at a pizza place - he eats cheese and eggs and soy all he likes - but I was a bit wary of what they might have to offer a particular eater like me!
To start with, we shared little dishes of olives and roasted tomatoes. No problems there! They were nicely marinated in a herby vinaigrette and were a nice start to the meal.
Then I ordered the Vitabella pizza leggera (this is a new thing they are heavily promoting - a thin crust pizza with a hole in the middle, where a bunch of salad leaves sit - just in time for the new year's resolutions girls). The waitress had no problem with me substituting the mozzarella for goat cheese. Here's what my little massive plate of joy looked like:
Hard to believe there's no pizza crust under all that salad, right?
You can't tell from this blurry photo I took really, but the salad was drizzled with a creamy salad dressing - luckily it wasn't drenched. I removed the tainted leaves and put them in the top right corner - see?
Other than that, it was a decent option! I'm feeling fine today (knock on wood) and pleased that there is something I could order again if I found myself at another Pizza Express.
I just looked on their website, and luckily they have an allergen information PDF that you can download which gives a "yes or no" answer to a whole list of allergens for each item on their menu. Seems helpful, right? I have a problem with it. It says that all the Leggera pizzas contain egg (and dairy AND soy). Now, obviously the dairy comes from the mozzarella. The soy could be a tiny bit of lecithin in the dough, or it could be more than that. And the egg... my only guess is the salad dressing.
I sent them an email asking more about it, so I'll let you know if and when I hear back. But that's my issue with restaurants having information like this. It's nice of them to do so, but isn't specific enough. I'd rather just ask when I get there - at least you can make substitutions once you know what's on the actual dish. This PDF doesn't give you a list of ingredients. I think that would be far more helpful. Yes, it might be a VERY long document to read, but for those of us who need to know what goes into our bodies at every meal, we're pretty much used to reading ingredients at this point. It ain't a big deal!
It's time like this when I'm grateful that I don't have a really serious food allergy.
Anyway - happy Friday everyone! I hope the fact that it's mid-January doesn't take away from your weekend. I'm personally looking forward to mine - going to see a movie with some friends tonight, and off to a gig at wembley arena tomorrow night. There's a strong chance that me and my friend Suzanne will be the oldest girls there. Very strong. But we'll still have a ridiculously good time - kids at heart.
If you've got food intolerances like me, and are curious about eating at chains in the UK, the following restaurants are particular tested, Molly approved (i.e. have menu options that don't involve eggs/dairy/soy):
- giraffe
- las iguanas
- strada
- ping pong (but there are only 4 things on the menu that don't contain soy...)
- zizzi
- carluccio's
- masala zone
- yo! sushi
- cafe rouge
- the real greek
And restaurants that don't pass the test (yet?):
- wagamama (such a shame...)
- ask
- hare & tortoise
Anyone want to contribute to this list? Any other experiences you'd like to share when it comes to dining out at chains?
I got the following email back from Pizza Express' customer service department:
I can confirm that the Customer Suitability Sheet states that our Leggera Pizzas contain egg because there is egg in our salad dressing. These pizzas are made to order and can be ordered without the salad dressing.
Our pizza bases are completely free of soya, however, Carlo the oil used to lubricate the pans prior to cooking does contain Soya. You are able to request that your pizza is made without the use of Carlo however in this situation we are unable to guarantee a Soya free environment.
We do advise that you speak to the manager on duty and inform them of your dietary requirements before ordering your meal. So there you have it! I'm very impressed how quickly they got back to me and how helpful they are. This is good stuff to know - looks like we can eat there again after all :)


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Our meeting this week started with a rousing rendition of "Singing in the Rain."
President and CEO of the OU Foundation Guy Patton shared details about the proposed University North Park Development. The new entertainment district would be located on a large parcel of undeveloped land the foundation owns just north of Rock Creek Road in Norman.


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Basic Details of Steve Adkinskenrick-kisson amy-kirstbette-zollshan
Steve Adkins
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Selling or buying real estate can be one of the largest financial decisions in your life. Why risk it with someone less qualified? I have been in business for nine years now and am proud to acknowledge how much I have learned in closing more than fifteen million dollars of contracts. Real estate today is a seven day a week business, and in order to provide our clients with around the clock personalized attention I have joined with agents Wendy Hopwood and Julie Ovian, here in our Madison office. This partnership assures you that one of us is available for showings and service at all times. We feel that buying a home should be a positive, joyful experience- it is so much a part of one's life, and we hope that in our care you will find that to be true. "Combining Today's Technology with Old-Fashioned Service
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All information regarding specializations, designations and certifications, languages spoken, and fields of business is based on self-reporting by participating REALTORS® Neither Move, Inc. nor National Association of REALTORS® makes any representations or warranties with respect thereto.


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Live Like a Local: Paris
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Paris, France is the capitol of all things style. Learn how to capture the look of a real Parisian home with this home decor guide.
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Quickly rising singer Gallant is coming hot off a successful 2015 in which he joined Zhu on the Mind of a Genius label, released his breakout single "Weight In Gold," and toured alongside Sufjan Stevens in addition to launching his new acoustic video series "In The Room." Now Gallant has recently shared on social media that his debut album is finished, and we couldn't be more excited.
This LA based singer aims to reshape the R&B landscape with his piercing falsetto vocals, and he's back flexing his rare voice with Skipping Stones, a two-track digital release out Friday, 2/5 on Red Bull Sound Select. He's released the title track "Skipping Stones" featuring the alurring vocals of fellow R&B singer Jhene Aiko and was co-produced by Stint and Adrian Younge, a master sampler & hip hop producer who's worked with Ghostface Killah, Jay Z, DJ Premier, and more. This new track blends laid back, organic guitar, bass, horns, and keyboard instrumentation with raw drums utilizing a crashing snare; setting the stage for Gallant's soulful vocals to shine atop. The second track off this release this Friday is Gallant's "Borderline" collaboration with James Fauntleroy we previously covered.
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Saturday, 20 December 2014
The Story of the Christmas Cracker
67 comments:
Hello Rosemary, Interesting to know the history behind these crackers, which feature the unusual combination of being innovative and charming at the same time. To the best of my knowledge, these never really penetrated to America--when you do see them, it is as a deliberate British import.ReplyDelete
PS I love those evocative Victorian vignettes with the crackers!Replies
Dear Jim - I hadn't realised Christmas crackers had never really penetrated America - that explains Marks query after seeing them sitting on our Christmas lunch table at Longleat - he wondered what they were.Delete
Nice story....ReplyDelete
I wish you a verry good christmas time...and the best wishes for 2015.
Inge, my choiceReplies
Thank you Inge - Christmas greetings to you and your family and a good 2015Delete
A very interesting, festive post Rosemary. We have always enjoyed Christmas crackers, or bon-bons, in fact I don't remember ever not having them. I had not thought about their origin, but am not surprised they appeared during the Victorian era, the source of many of our Christmas traditions. They have changed surprisingly little over almost two centuries: we still have the motto, the hat, the trinket and the little explosion! Christmas Greetings to you and H, Rosemary, and I hope you enjoy a very special Christmas Day.ReplyDeleteReplies
It appears that crackers are a British and Commonwealth Christmas traditions Patricia - I didn't realise this until some of the comments came in.Delete
I didn't know this about the crackers - when you stop to think about all the Christmas traditions the history behind them is fascinating. Wishing you and yours a very happy and 'informative' Christmas Rosemary and thank you for taking the time to visit my blog.ReplyDeleteReplies
I only discovered about them in my cracker at Longleat House - Christmas greetings to you too Elaine, I have enjoyed our exchanges during the year.Delete
That is a nice story about the cracker. We don't know that tradition here, it is typical British. I bought one once when I visited the UK to see how it works.ReplyDeleteReplies
I did not realise before I posted this that they were mainly a British thing.Delete
I read this as I packed some boxes of mini crackers to take to a family party today! Now I have a story to go with them, Thank you and Happy Christmas RosemaryReplyDeleteReplies
Good - sometimes blogs are a useful source of information - enjoy your family partyDelete
I did not know the story behind the crackers! For many many years, I was in London for business in early December and each time I used to buy crackers -and Christmas pudding, mint jelly and cranberries!- for the family Christmas lunch. My children were delighted. The other guests were always asking about the crackers, as this is not a tradition with us!ReplyDelete
I wish you a very merry Christmas, dear Rosemary, and a happy new year!Replies
Before this post I had wrongly assumed that Christmas crackers were universal - Christmas pudding too!!!Delete
Thank you for your visit and kind comment - Christmas greetings to you and your family Marie-Anne
Oh I loved learning this history. For years a close group of our friends gathered together for a holiday dinner. One friend always brought Christmas crackers...and we all had to put on the little hats!ReplyDeleteReplies
I think I can almost safely say that every home in the UK will have its box of Christmas crackers ready to pull open across the table with one another on Christmas Day.Delete
Dear Rosemary, I love your presentation and it is interesting to know the "rest of the story" I never gave the origin much thought but have always had them handy along with the first glass of champagne, when celebrating New Years Eve.ReplyDeleteReplies
I like that idea Gina - a toast to the New Year followed by pulling a cracker - a good festive beginning to the year♡Delete
What a wonderful story. I bet some frustration was met with the crackers. It's good his sons followed in his footsteps with their ideas.ReplyDelete
We have crackers for all at Christmas time :)Replies
They obviously spread to the Commonwealth too Margaret as they appear to be an unknown quantity in many parts of the world.Delete
Fascinating history! One of my absolute musts at Christmas, are crackers. Suzy xoReplyDeleteReplies
It is part of our tradition isn't it? just like plum pudding and mince pies.Delete
I had one of those crackers too with that information, it is fascinating isn't it. I really missed crackers when I lived in the US, couldn't get them there all those years ago, but I believe that you can now, amazing how these things spread isn't it. I do love Christmas crackers though!! xxReplyDeleteReplies
Very interesting. Some years we even have Christmas Crackers here in the States.ReplyDeleteReplies
Hope that your daughter has arrived safe and sound with youDelete
My family (and most families) didn't have Christmas crackers here in Canada until maybe the last 25 years or so. Before then, they were imported from Britain and were very, very expensive. So crackers are not part of my childhood memories, but are now a fun part of my adult memories of Christmas dinner!ReplyDeleteReplies
Generally speaking they appear to be a British and Commonwealth thing. They certainly are not worth spending a lot of money on as they are simply fun.Delete
Such an interesting story, Rosemary. Thank you for sharing it! Happy weekend and holidays!ReplyDeleteReplies
Glad that you enjoyed it Satu - have a wonderful Christmas with your familyDelete
A lovely bit of Christmas history. We have Tom Smith crackers this year.ReplyDelete
I think perhaps that they are the best ones Jean - if they are good enough for royalty then they must be good enough for us.Delete
Great story of Christmas history. Christmas crackers are not common in our country, but they are for sale in the city. I must remember Tom Smith crackers, better make a note of it. It is such fun for the boys, I think.ReplyDeleteReplies
Hope that the boys enjoy their crackers Janneke and that you all have a wonderful timeDelete
It was wonderful to learn the history behind one of our Christmas traditions. I expect the gifts inside those first crackers were lovely too. Thank you for sharing. Sarah xReplyDeleteReplies
It is funny how we just take so many things for granted when I suspect there is often more of a story behind them than we realise. Happy Christmas in your new home Sarah.Delete
Dear Rosemary,ReplyDelete
What a great story! There's a wonderful moral in it that says that if your passion is to bring delight into the world, success is bound to come your way.Replies
I am pleased that you enjoyed the story behind the Christmas crackers Mark having spotted them on the lunch table at Longleat House.Delete
We only ever buy Tom Smith crackers which, thankfully are now available here in the US from Costco. I grew up with this brand and of course I still try to share many English Christmas traditions with my family and American friends - pulling crackers, mince pies, Christmas cake and pudding, trifle, the Queen's speech etc. Tom's are definitely the best - unless you're with walking distance of Harrods, or other high class London emporiums that carry even more elaborate, very high-priced crackers! Tom's prizes are really good and I notice this year it states on the box that they are 'silver plated', they always have a lovely loud 'snap' too. Can't wait for Christmas Eve when we throw a party and crackers will be pulled by everyone!ReplyDelete
Thanks for the story Rosemary.
A very Happy Christmas to you and yours!!!!
Hugs - MaryReplies
That is a good tip for anyone who wants to have a go at pulling a cracker over Christmas in the States. I was surprised that crackers are not universal which I had assumed until I wrote this post.Delete
Have a wonderful Christmas Mary and thank you for all the exchanges we have had together over the past year♡
Very nice post.ReplyDelete
Merry Christmas.
Hyvää Joulua.Replies
Thank you - Hyvää Joulua.Delete
Thank you for sharing the information contained in your cracker in such a sweet, clever, and creative way. I really enjoyed this post. Wish you a lovely Christmas, Rosemary.ReplyDelete
Thank you Yoko for your sweet comment, and for all the lovely visits you have made this year - a happy holiday season to you and all of your family.Delete
What an interesting seasonal post, Rosemary.Í shall look at the cracker by my plate on Christmas Day in a new light now. :)ReplyDeleteReplies
Strangely I have just heard them talking about the same subject on the Countryfile programme.Delete
Loved the post Rosemary, and I wish you and your dear ones a very Merry Christmas.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you Jane for all your kind comments throughout the year, and I too wish you a Happy Christmas.Delete
Great post. Crackers are very much part of our family's Christmas tradition. They'd run out in our local tescos yesterday. Help!ReplyDeleteReplies
Good luck on your search, and have a Happy ChristmasDelete
As you say, Rosemary, "Snap!". Great minds obviously think alike - what can I say other than, "great post"?! Have a wonderful Christmas.ReplyDeleteReplies
Enjoy your Christmas Mike and pull a cracker for me.Delete
Who knew? We don't have this Christmas tradition here in the states, but I kind of wish we did. They look like 'snap, crackle and pop' fun. :) I hope you and your family have a fabulous Christmas, Rosemary, and a brilliant New Year.ReplyDeleteReplies
Apparently they can be purchased in Costco!!!Delete
Happy Christmas to you Yvette, and hope you enjoy time with your lovely little grandchildren.
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☆ MaRiBeL☆Replies
Feliz Navidad a ti tambiénDelete
Interesting information, thank you for them. I wish you a Merry Christmas.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you Giga - Happy Christmas to youDelete
Dearest Rosemary,ReplyDelete
What an interesting post.
How many years have we been opening Christmas Crackers..pulling and tugging.. with lots of fun.
Never passed my mind who invented them.
Now i know.
This post is full of lovely images ..
Dear Rosemary,
Thank you for your kind comments over the years on my blog.
Its always such a pleasure to visit "Where five valleys meet"
Wishing you and mr. H a wonderful Christmas.
Kind regards to all your family.
val xxReplies
Dear Val - Thank you for your really kind and generous comments over the years. How long have we been connected now? I think that it must be about 3 years.Delete
Glad you enjoyed the post, we are heading off first thing in the morning. The hallway is full of boxes etc to take with us to youngest son's home.
Wishing you a really happy time from us both at this Christmas season♡
Merry Christmas, Rosemary!! Warm greetings from DC~ReplyDeleteReplies
Happy Christmas to you and Tom Loi - have a wonderful timeDelete
A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you and your loved ones Rosemary! I bought a box of crackers this year too (hats inside and all) :-) First time ever! The girls look forward to it very much. Don't know if I do. Depends on the hat :-)ReplyDelete
Madelief xReplies
Hope that you all enjoy the crackers Madelief - our hall is filled with boxes of goodies and we shall be setting off for my son's house at the crack of dawn - happy holidays to you and your girls.Delete
I wish you the best Christmas ever Rosemary!ReplyDelete
Warm hug,
Happy Christmas Titti - thank you for your friendship during 2014♡Delete
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text:
As an initial matter, most 1Ls waste a huge amount of time getting their intellectual bearings; which would likely not be the case, assuming you have read "Law School Labyrinth- A Guide to Making the Most of Your Legal Education". One other caveat: before you commit to employment, check with your law school to see whether they have a policy or prohibition regarding employment your first year.
That said, assuming that your ultimate goal is to work in a law firm, then grades are a fairly serious matter (I make this assumption because the vast majority of new law graduates aspire to law firm jobs). Law firms look at first year grades and not much else, in deciding who gets those precious clerkships that second summer of law school. Everything rides on that final exam and the difference between an "A" and a "B" is often practically impossible to discern. This is why I emphasize hitting the ground running that first year in "Law School Labyrinth". It's also why I try and arm the reader with a proven methodology to help them learn the law and legal reasoning, in the chaos that is the first year of law school.
On the other hand, if you don't plan to work in a firm, grades simply aren't as important (although, as a matter of pride, they may be extremely important to you anyway). Either way, I wouldn't worry too much about failing (the "look to your left; look to your right; one of you won't be here next semester" is largely law school mythology). But the bottom line is pretty much what you would expect: all things being equal, working means you will have less time for studies, which could have a negative effect on your grades.
The hardest part of that first year of law school is simply figuring out the game. You are left to your own devices to figure it out. And the sooner you do, the more likely that you will do well. "Figuring it out" means learning legal reasoning ("thinking like a lawyer"), which is largely about analytical and syllogistic reasoning; learning the black letter law; learning to identify legal issues presented by a chaotic law school exam fact patter; and being able to apply the law to those facts in an analytical way, thus resolving the issue(s) presented.
If you don't waste a lot of time pointlessly reading cases to no apparent end, writing huge outlines without really learning anything, and generally spending a lot of time on little or no return study activities, then it is likely you can work a reasonable amount of hours in addition to your legal studies.
One other issue. I absolutely loved law school. I had worked my way through college and was determined to totally immersed myself in the law school process without working. I tried to take advantage of everything my tuition dollars were paying for. So, there is a part of me that hates to see you work because I suppose I am imposing my own biases on you. But everyone is different. And based upon your career goals and financial constraints, "immersing yourself" in law school may not be that big of a deal. You may merely want to get through it and get your JD. Which, after all, is the real point of law school.
Regardless, assuming you have broken the Labyrinth "code" (and if you are reading my book, I think this is a reasonable assumption), the time investment actually required in your legal studies will likely not be as big of a burden as you might think. If you have a job during that first year in addition to your legal studies, you will certainly have a busy year, but if you focus on the right study activities (as described in my book), it will be doable.
As an initial matter, most 1Ls waste a huge amount of time getting their intellectual bearings; which would likely not be the case, assuming you have read "Law School Labyrinth- A Guide to Making the Most of Your Legal Education". One other caveat: before you commit to employment, check with your law school to see whether they have a policy or prohibition regarding employment your first year.
4/25/2012 10:24:57 pm
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4/26/2012 03:43:17 pm
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8/7/2012 10:36:19 pm
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Friday, December 9, 2011
Green in December
8 comments:
You look so cute, how awesome is it that it lasted that long?? I love the bag and shoes!ReplyDelete
Cute! Your boyfriend has good taste.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 10, 2011 at 11:06 AM
Hey, came across your blog on pinterest. I can tell that you love jewelry. Check out my page www.stelladot.com/daphnetay for amazing jewelry selections. You'll absolutely love it. Thanks! Daphne. :)ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 10, 2011 at 3:21 PM
Cute smile.ReplyDelete
And nice Outfit :)
great bag and loafers!ReplyDelete
i love a shirt that can stand the test of time! love the christmas-y backdrop.ReplyDelete
wow, that is some serious shirt dedication. lol. and it still looks brand new and fabulous. gotta love J crew. thanks, love. i hope you had a fabulous weekend. if you get sec, I'd love to hear what you think of my latest post. xoReplyDelete


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If you wish to be free from a habit, thought, idea; if you wish to be rid of past associations, guilt or blockages; take the symbols of that problem - whatever they may be - & throw them onto a raging fire. The fire will consume the symbols & so shall it consume the power they had over you.
For the symbols think a moment - if you overeat, take a portion of your favorite food & throw it onto the fire. Smoking, drinking the same. For problems which utilize no concrete objects, draw a symbol or image & burn.


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Pro-Charter is Not Anti-Public
By Andrew Pillow If you live in are large city like New York or Chicago you have options about what type of transportation you use. Many find it easier to use the subway and don't like the hassle of parking so they take the train every day. People who live further out or prefer solitude in their morning commute often find that they prefer to drive. Both of these options have their… Read More


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Benefits of Refinancing Your Home
By refinancing your mortgage, you can supplant your present advance with another mortgage bearing better terms. Refinancing can spare you a large number of dollars and additionally give you the genuine feelings of serenity of a mortgage with altered regularly scheduled installments. To fit the bill for a refinance, you should be present on… Read More »


text:
So. Here's the (as my sister in law would call it, "First World Problem") of my week. McDonald's Smoothie machine is down. (Everyone go: Awwww….). McDonald's makes a relatively-close-to fat-free mango-pineapple smoothie that has, for about two months, succeeded in getting me out of my house and into the library to work. This, for a socio-phobe, is a Huge Thing. Well. I've also moved from MY coffee (VT Coffee Roasters Vanilla Bean, thank you very much) to McDonald's coffee.
Because McDonalds' smoothie machine is down, I've had no impetus to get my (an author friend of mine dubbed it…) "Author's Bubble Butt" out of my house all week, a habit that I dropped into with the cold I had last week. Well, apparently, MY coffee must be "High-test, High-octane," or the like, because I have been bouncing of the WALLS, with those creepy skipped beats that one gets occasionally-now-and-then-that-make-you-put-your-hand-on-your-chest-and-looked-freaked-out-for-a-second-until-they-pass… but – A LOT. Only, here's the thing: I was on this coffee all summer long – so maybe Vermont Water + Vermont Green Mountain Coffee = Vermont Cardiac Arrhythmia? Perhaps I should be taking Vermont Coffee Cardiac Medications. I don't know, but in any case…
Yesterday, in high anticipation, I went back to McDonald's, because they were supposed to "be getting a new part in." I drove through the drive-thru, all excited to be back on my regular routine, and ordered, "One burrito, one large mango smoothie, and one large coffee, please!" in a very cheery and "boy, I'm so excited to be alive and in Vermont!" sort of voice.
And a very dull and inappropriately unapologetic voice came back saying, "I'm sorry, our smoothie machine is down at the moment."
I just about threw my old coffee cup at the speaker.
But I didn't. Instead, I whined. I said, "But… but… you said you were getting a new part in on Monday!"
"I don't know what happened. Can I get you anything else?"
My dad used to make this face. It was awesome. Anyone who ever met my dad knows the face I mean – it was sort of like an English bulldog about to tear your leg off, all crumpled up and jowly. I made that face – at the speaker. But it didn't produce my mango smoothie. All it did was make me look silly.
In the end, I ended up going to Dunkin Donuts and buying their Strawberry something or other, which was far too sweet, vile, and awful. I'm sure many people enjoy it, but I wanted my mango smoothie. I drank it anyway. I complained loudly to the librarians; they commiserated appropriately, and my day went on.
And today, I'm at home, working on my laptop, and drinking my high-test, which TASTES AWESOME – and will probably have me in the Cardiac ICU by Sunday.
So if anyone wants to call McDonald's on my behalf, I'd be more than happy to bail you out of jail for it. 🙂


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- Go to slide 1 out of 5
- Go to slide 2 out of 5
- Go to slide 3 out of 5
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A liver transplant may be recommended for:
- liver damage due to alcoholism (Alcoholic cirrhosis)
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- long-term (chronic) active infection (hepatitis)
- liver (hepatic) vein clot (thrombosis)
- birth defects of the liver or bile ducts (biliary atresia)
- metabolic disorders associated with liver failure (for example, Wilson disease)
Review Date 5/11/2016
Updated by: Subodh K. Lal, MD, gastroenterologist with Gastrointestinal Specialists of Georgia, Austell, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.