text:
To dream about travelling signifies ongoing progress towards your long-term goals and dreams.
You know what you want, which direction you are headed for and you are always working towards achieving those things, even if you know there is a long wait ahead of you.
If you are waiting for a favourable outcome or have a very specific daily routine, that could be why you dreamed about travelling.
Travelling can also be indication your own personal growth- how far you've come and what you have yet to do in order to be the person you've always wanted to be.
Consider the experience of travelling-was it easy or difficult? If it was easy then you may find that getting to where you want to be is simpler than you thought. However, if travelling was a challenge then you may face obstacles and setbacks along the way.
If your travels were dangerous, perhaps you are involved in something harmful to yourself or others. Is it worth the risk?
More negatively, travel can reflect how mundane your life is right now while you wait for something different to come along. Is this the right attitude or do you need to be more proactive?
If you were travelling to other countries, you may have a desire to understand different people and their opinions and mindsets. Perhaps you are trying to see something from another person's point of view.
If you arrived at your destination safely, it's possible you have finally reached your goals. With that said, if there was some interruption, then your dreams might seem impossible right now but there may just be a delay so don't lose faith.
If you are having recurring dreams about travel then you may yearn for a change; - new relationship, a new job, a change of scenery, a new hobby or project for instance.
Source: www.dreambible.com
Tagged in Dream Interpretation


text:
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Course Instructor: Bruce James
Bruce James has worked in the computer industry since 1991 when he began his career working for Hewlett Packard on the HP LaserJet Printer team. Later Bruce moved to IBM where he worked in Software Development and Multi-media design. In 1996 Bruce left IBM to work as a software trainer and since that time has trained tens of thousands of individuals within both large and small organizations including Novell, Mercedes-Benz, the New York State Education Department, Sharp Electronics, Fuji Film, the United States Attorneys Office, the University of Florida, the University of Maryland, Johns Hopkins University, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and dozens of others. Bruce is also the author of several user manuals as well as several articles published in technology journals. In addition to training, Bruce has worked since 1999 as a corporate presenter for Novell, IBM, HP, Compaq, Oracle, and Lucent Technologies in North and South America, Europe and Asia.
Course Outline

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What would you do if your partner despises you secretly but gives you lame excuses why they are with you? E.g. What about the children... ?
Harriet the Bald Eagle is an Internet star. Go to this site to watch her eggs hatch.
If people celebrate on Christmas Eve, what do they do on Christmas Day? What about Santa Claus?
Bah Humbug
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text:
A debt is an obligation owed by one party (the debtor) to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor. A debt is created when a creditor agrees to lend a sum of assets to a debtor. In finance, debt is a means of using anticipated future purchasing power in the present before it has actually been earned. Debt allows people and organizations to do things that they would otherwise not be able, or allowed, to do.
Business borrow money for several reasons. A young business may borrow, when revenue is light or non-existent, to fund development or for sales and marketing. A mature business may need funds for various reasons such as to meet cash flow needs, expand operations or make an acquisition.
Some of the common reasons why corporates borrow are:
Coming to the regulatory framework, we are all aware that all companies registered under the Companies Act, 1956 are regulated by the said Act and any transaction to be undertaken by a company must be in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act and the rules made there under. So is the case of borrowings. Borrowings are permitted both from domestic as well as foreign sources. In case of borrowings from foreign sources, Companies additionally need to comply with the requirements of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and other rules and conditions stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India. We shall first focus on the provisions under the Companies Act, 1956.
To understand the provisions relating to borrowings under the Companies Act, borrowings can be categorized under three broad heads. These are –
Public deposits are an important and popular source of raising funds by companies. The term 'public deposit' implies any money received by a company from the public in the form of deposit or loan but excludes the money received in the form of shares and debentures and any amount specifically exempt in this regard. Public includes general public, directors, employees and shareholders of the company. In India, this method of raising finance has gained a lot of importance because of the several advantages relating to public deposits:-
Provisions relating to invitation, acceptance, renewal and repayment of deposits by companies are contained in Section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956. No company can invite and accept deposits except in the manner and subject to conditions prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India.
Deposit" means any deposit of money with, and includes any amount borrowed by, a company but shall not include such categories of amount as may be prescribed in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India.
Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975 defines the term deposit to mean – "deposit" means any deposit of money with, and includes any amount borrowed by, a company, but does not include ………"
The definition given above has three limbs: first, deposit must be in the form of money; second, any amount borrowed by a company will amount to deposit; and third, those categories of amounts received by a company which have been excluded by rules prescribed by the Central Government will not be regarded 'deposits' for the purposes of this section.
Deposits assume importance for the reason that in case of private companies, as per section 3(1)(iii)(d) of the Companies Act, 1956 a Private Limited Company is prohibited from inviting or accepting deposits from persons other than its members, directors or their relatives and in case of public companies, the companies which propose to accept deposits, need to comply with the requirements stipulated under Section 58A and the rules made there under [Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975] before acceptance of such deposits.
Following receipts of money by a company are exempted from being treated as deposits by virtue of the exemption specified under the Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975:
1. Pre-requisites for accepting/inviting deposits –
1. Following types of deposits are prohibited:
a. Repayable on demand or notice
b. Repayable within 6 months or after 36 months of acceptance
c. Exemption is available subject to conditions.
2. Companies to have net owned fund of at least One Crore rupees to accept public deposits.
3. Restrictions on interest rate and brokerage are applicable for acceptance of deposits.
4. Companies which are in default in repayment of any deposit or interest thereon are not eligible to accept deposits.
2. Limits for accepting deposits –
1. In case of non-government companies, aggregate deposits not to exceed –
a. 10% of the paid up capital and free reserves in case of deposits against unsecured debentures or deposits accepted from shareholders by a public company or any deposit guaranteed by the directors of the company.
b. 25% of the paid up capital and free reserves in case of deposits not covered under point 1 above.
2. In case of government companies, aggregate deposits not to exceed 35% of the paid up capital and free reserves.
3. Form and Particulars of Advertisement –
1. Every company which seeks to INVITE public deposits must issue an advertisement in a leading English newspaper and one in Vernacular newspaper circulating in the State in which registered office of the company is situated.
2. Advertisement must be issued under the authority and in the name of the board of directors of the company and must contain the conditions for acceptance of deposits and the date on which text of the advertisement was approved by the Board.
3. Advertisement must contain the summarized financial position of the company as per last two audited balance sheets and other information as specified in the Rules.
4. Advertisement is valid only till expiry of 6 months from closure of financial year or by the time AGM for that year is held, whichever is earlier.
5. Before issue of advertisement, a copy of same must be filed with the Registrar, signed by majority of the directors on Board of the company.
4. Statement in lieu of Advertisement –
1. Companies which intend to ACCEPT DEPOSITS WITHOUT INVITING them are required to file a statement in lieu of advertisement to the Registrar before accepting such deposits.
2. In the matter of content, validity period and signature, same rules as are applicable to advertisement shall be applicable to such statement also.
5. Form of application for deposit and receipt of deposit –
1. Companies to issue application forms for accepting deposits containing all details as stipulated before and updated till the date of issuance of form.
2. Depositors to make application to company in the form specified above along with a declaration that the money to be deposited by them has not been borrowed from other people.
3. Company to furnish receipt of deposit to the depositor containing such details as has been specified in the Rules.
6. Maintenance of liquid assets –
1. Before 30th of April every year, every company which has accepted deposits shall deposit or invest atleast 15% of the amount of deposits maturing by 31st of March of that year in current or other deposits of any scheduled bank or unencumbered securities of the Central/State Government, or unencumbered securities mentioned under Indian Trusts Act or unencumbered bonds issued by HDFC.
2. The amount so deposited shall be utilized only for the purpose of repayment of deposits maturing during the year.
3. The amount remaining deposited / invested shall not at any time during the year fall below 10% of the amount of deposit maturing by 31st of March that year.
7. Register of Deposits –
Every company accepting deposits must maintain a register of deposits at its registered office and make separate entries for each depositor. Register needs to be maintained for at least eight years in good condition.
8. Return of Deposits –
Every company to which the Rules apply, shall on or before the 30th day of June, of every year, file with the Registrar, a return in the form prescribed under the rules and furnishing the information contained therein as on the 31st day of March of that year duly certified by the Auditor of the Company. A copy of the return shall also be simultaneously furnished to the Reserve Bank of India.
9. Penalty –
If a company or any other person contravenes any provision of these rules, the company and every officer of the company who is in default or such other person shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees and where the contravention is a continuing one, with a further fine which may extend to fifty rupees for every day after the first, during which the contravention continues.
Loans are the most popular form of borrowings by corporates to cater different kinds of business needs. Companies Act permits borrowings in the form of loans, both secured and unsecured subject to the compliance of provisions stipulated therein.
A company uses various kinds of loans to finance its operations like cash credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment finance loan etc. These various modes of financing can generally be categorized into:
1) Secured and unsecured loans,
2) Private and public loans,
3) Syndicated and bilateral Loans,
4) Other types of loans that display one or more of the characteristics noted above
A debt obligation is considered secured, if creditors have recourse to the assets of the company given as security to procure the loan on a proprietary basis or otherwise ahead of general claims against the company. Unsecured debt comprises financial obligations, where creditors do not have recourse to the assets of the borrower to satisfy their claims.
Private loans refer to loans obtained from director, members relatives etc. i.e. from internal sources whereas loans from any outside party like banks, financial institutions etc. are deemed to be public loans.
A syndicated loan is a loan that is granted to companies that wish to borrow more money than any single lender is prepared to risk in a single loan, usually many crores of rupees. In such a case, a syndicate of banks can each agree to put forward a portion of the principal sum. Loan syndication is a risk management tool that allows the lead banks underwriting the debt to reduce their risk and free up lending capacity. A Bilateral Loan is a kind of loan that involves a single borrower and a single lender.
Under Standing Some Common Terms Associated With Corporate Borrowings
Agreement – A loan agreement or 'facilities agreement' is a contract which regulates the terms of a loan.
Collateral – Collateral is a security or guarantee (usually of an asset) that is pledged to cover the repayment of the loan if the borrower fails to meet the terms of the loan.
Covenants – A loan covenant is a condition that a borrower must comply with in order to adhere to the terms of the loan.
Interest Rate – This is the specified percentage that will be charged by the lender as payment for use of the funds issued.
Personal Guarantee – Banks insist on the personal guarantee of the directors or promoters to additionally safeguard the loan even thought the loan is taken for the business purpose of the company.
Representations –These are statements of fact or declarations made by the lender within the loan document.
Repayment Schedule – Refers to the period or frequency of repayment. The required repayment schedule may dictate monthly, quarterly, or lump sum payment.
Restrictions – The lender may also place additional restrictions on the total debt a business agrees to incur, the amount of dividends or other payments to owners and/or principal investors capital expenditures, the sale of fixed assets.
RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF COMPANIES ACT RELATING TO LOANSSection 292 – Certain powers to be exercised by Board only at meeting
Section 292 requires that the power to borrow money otherwise than on debentures and the power to issue debentures shall be exercised by the Board of Directors, on behalf of the company, only by means of a resolution passed at a meeting of the Board of Directors. In other words the same cannot be done through passing of a circular resolution.
The Section further provides that the Board may delegate the power to borrow money otherwise than on debentures to any committee of Directors, Managing Director, Manager or any other Principal Officer by passing a resolution to this effect and also specifying in the resolution the total amount up to which money may be borrowed by the delegate. This section is applicable to both private and public companies.
Section 293 – Restrictions on powers of Board
Section 293 imposes certain restrictions on the powers of the Board of Directors of a public company or a private company which is a subsidiary of a public company.
As per sub-section 1 of Section 293, a public company or a private company which is a subsidiary of a public company must obtain the approval of its share holders in a duly convened general meeting before –
Clause (a) – Selling, leasing or otherwise disposing of whole or substantially the whole of undertaking of the company, and
Clause (d) – Borrowing any money which, including the money already borrowed, is in excess of the paid up capital and free reserves of the company. The resolution must specify the total amount up to which money may be borrowed by the Board of Directors on behalf of the company.
Part V consisting of Sections 124 to 145 of the Companies Act, 1956 deals with registration of charges by companies.
The word Charge is not defined in the Companies Act. Section 124 merely states that the expression 'charge' includes mortgage. For the applicability of section 124 – 145, charge would include a mortgage but shall exclude a pledge.
However, the language of section 125 uses the expression "so far as any security on the company's property or undertaking is conferred thereby" which makes it clear that a charge is nothing but security of its property by the company in favour of a creditor with the intent of securing his debt.
1. Fixed Charges: In a fixed charge a company creating a charge can deal with the property only subject to charge. The identification of the charge does not change during the period for which the charge is created.
2. Floating Charge: In floating charge, Identification of the charge goes on changing and the final identification is at the time when the charge gets crystallized.
These charges may be created in favour of the charge holders as per terms and conditions agreed by them, like:-
Pari passu charge – In pari passu charge, security is shared between two or more lenders in proportion of their out standings. It is created with the prior consent of the existing charge holders of the company.
Exclusive charge – In exclusive charge the security on the particular property is provided to a particular lender only.
Further charges – In such cases, with the consent of the first charge holders, security on particular assets may be provided to the further charge
holders on the basis of second charge, third charge, etc.
Section 125 states that certain charges shall be void against the creditors and liquidators, unless they are registered with the Registrar of Companies. In respect of such charges registration becomes compulsory.
|(a) a charge for the purpose of securing any issue of debentures
|(b) a charge on uncalled share capital of the company;
|(c) a charge on any immovable property, wherever situated, or any interest therein;
|(d) a charge on any book debts of the company;
|(e) a charge, not being a pledge, on any movable property of the Company;
|(f) a floating charge on the undertaking or any property of the company including stock in trade;
|(g) a charge on calls made but not paid;
|(h) a charge on a ship or any share in a ship;
|(i) a charge on goodwill, on a patent or license, on a trade mark, or on a copy right or a license under a copyright.
The registration of a charge is intended to give notice to people who may not otherwise be aware of it, particularly to persons who may advance money to the company, and it may also serve the purpose of preventing a fraudulent and belated claim of a charge in the event of liquidation.
Non-Registration –
v Does not prejudice any contract or obligation for payment of money secured by the charge.
v Where the charge becomes void for registration, the debt secured becomes immediately payable.
v On a charge becoming void, no right of lien can be claimed on the documents of title.
The transaction does not become void or debt does not become irrecoverable but the security created by the charge or mortgage becomes void against liquidator and creditors.
1. Procedure For Registration Of Particulars Of Fresh Charges
1) If the charge falls under any of the categories mentioned hereinabove, then the particulars of the charge need to be filed with the concerned Registrar of Companies within thirty days after date of creation of charge in e-Form No. 8 alongwith a certified true copy of the instrument or deed by which the charges are created or evidenced
2) If, due to unavoidable circumstances, the particulars of charge are not filed with the Registrar within 30 days, the Registrar may accept the particulars for registration during next 30 days with payment of additional fee for delayed filing of the particulars of charge after being satisfied for the reasons of delay.
3) In case the charge is not registered within the additional 30 days also, the company will have to approach the Regional Director for condonation of delay in registering particulars of creation of charge.
4) E-form 8 needs to be digitally signed by both the borrower and lender and also certified by a professional (CA/CS/CWA). Same is processed under Straight Through Process (STP) mode by the Registrar.
5) The charge is complete as and when particulars are filed with the Registrar and upon obtaining the certificate of registration the formalities are complete. The certificate is conclusive evidence that the Registrar has entered the particulars in the Register as required to be kept under the Act.
6) The particulars of charge created shall be entered in a Register of Charges maintained by the company indicating the particulars of the charge so created. The number and date of the certificate granted by the Registrar will also be entered in the Register.
7) Copy of the instrument creating the charge shall be kept at the registered office.
8) The details of charges registered for a company are available on the website of Ministry of Corporate Affairs for public viewing.
2. Procedure For Modification Of Existing Charges
1) Whenever any term or condition or the extent or operation of any charge registered by the company under section 125 is modified, then, particulars of such modification are also required to be registered with the concerned Registrar of Companies. It is to be noted that assignment of rights by the charge holder is also regarded as a modification of charge.
2) Any modification that is effected as a result of change of law is also required to be registered.
3) Modification of charge is effected by an agreement or letter containing particulars of modification. The normal modifications are:
4) The particulars of the modification of charge shall be approved at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the company and thereafter, the document, if any, shall be executed.
5) Particulars of modifications of charge shall be filed, with the concerned Registrar of companies in e-Form no 8 along with the following a certified true copy of the agreement or other instrument modifying the existing charges registered with the Registrar of Companies.
6) E-form 8 needs to be digitally signed by both the borrower and lender and also certified by a professional (CA/CS/CWA). Same is processed under Straight Through Process (STP) mode by the Registrar.
7) As the time-limit for filing particulars of modification of charge is the same as for the original charge, e-form 8 needs to be filed within thirty days of modification. If due to unavoidable circumstances, the particulars of modification of charge are not filed with the Registrar for registration then file within next thirty days after the expiry of first thirty days with payment of additional fee for delayed filing of the particulars of charge after satisfying the Registrar of Companies the reasons for delay. In case the modification is not registered within the additional 30 days also, the company will have to approach the Regional Director for condonation of delay in registering particulars of modification of charge.
8) Necessary entries to be made in the Register of Charges maintained by the company to reflect the modification.
9) A copy of the agreement shall be maintained at the company's registered office.
3. Procedure For Filing Satisfaction Of Charges
Meaning of Debentures
The word debenture has been derived from the latin word "debere" which means to borrow. Debenture is a written instrument acknowledging a debt under the common seal of the company.
Definition Under Companies Act, 1956
Debentures have been defined under Section 2 (12) of the Act to include debenture stocks, bonds and any other securities of the company whether constituting a charge on the company's assets or not.
•Control of company is not surrendered to debenture holders because they do not have any voting rights.
•Trading on equity is possible as debenture holders get a lower rate of return than the earnings of the company.
•Interest on debenture is an allowable expenditure under Income Tax Act, 1961 hence incidence of tax on the company is decreased.
•Debenture can be redeemed when company has surplus funds.
•Cost of raising capital through debentures is high of high stamps duty.
•Common people cannot buy debenture as they are of high denominations.
•They are not suitable for companies earning greater than the rate of interest which they are paying on the debentures.
Þ The power to issue debentures can be exercised on behalf of the company at a meeting of the Board of Directors {Section 292(1)(b) of the Companies Act}
Þ A public company may, however, require the approval of shareholders to borrow money in excess of the aggregate of its paid up capital and free reserves.{Section 293 (1) (d)}
Þ Section 372 A of the Companies Act also regulates inter-corporate loan and investments and stipulates the ceiling limits on investments and the amount of loan that can be borrowed by a company. The explanation clause of this section states that the loan shall include debentures.
Þ Section 117 to Sections 123 of the Companies Act, 1956 regulate the provisions relating to debentures, appointment of debenture trustees, their duties, creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve Account, liability of trustees etc.
Þ As per Section 125 (4) of the Companies Act, registration of a charge for purpose of issue of debentures is mandatory.
Þ Section 128 stipulates that where a company issues series of debentures which is secured by charge, benefit of which will be available to all debenture holders pari passu, the company shall file the prescribed particulars in Form 10 with the Registrar of Companies for registration of charge. These forms shall be filed within 30 days after the execution of the deed.
Þ Section 205C stipulates that matured debentures and interest accrued on matured debentures remaining unpaid / unclaimed for a period of seven years with companies from the date they became due for payment shall be credited to Investor Education and Protection Fund.
Þ The relevant sections of the companies act 1956 dealing with the procedure for the issue of debentures are 56(3), 60, 64, 67, 70-74, 108-113, 117-123, 128-129, 133-134, 143, 152-154, 292 and 293.
Þ Debentures are issued in accordance with the provisions of the articles, usually by a resolution of the board of directors.
Þ Debentures may be issued at par, at a premium, or at a discount if permitted by the articles of the company. Debentures unlike shares may be issued at a discount without any restriction. The reason is that they do not form part of the capital of the company.
Þ Particulars of any commission, discount or allowance paid either directly or indirectly to any person for his subscribing or procuring subscription for debentures of the company must be filed with the registrar.
Þ Debentures may be redeemable at par or at premium but their redemption at a discount is not permitted.
Þ Section 117 provides that no company shall, after the commencement of the act issue debentures carrying voting rights at any meeting of the company.
Þ The legal provisions as to prospectus, allotment, issue of certificates etc. applicable to shares also apply to debentures, but the condition of minimum subscription is not applicable to the issue of debentures.
To consider –
To passing the following resolutions:
Form 23 within 30 days of passing the special resolution to be filed with ROC.
Shall contain –
The offer document shall specifically state the assets on which security shall be created and shall also state the ranking of the charge.
The trust deed shall be executed by the issuer company in favour of debenture trustee within 3 months of the closure of the issue. It should also be registered under the Indian Registration Act.
On closure of subscription period and receipt of applications, the basis of allotment should be finalised. The Board resolution should be passed for allotment of debentures.
In the event of issue of debentures in series, Form 10 shall be filed with ROC.
The Registrar will issue the certificate of Registration which shall be endorsed on every debenture certificate
Arrangements should be made for issuing debenture certificate to the allottees within 3 months after the allotment or within the period mentioned in the debenture trust deed. Stamp should be affixed according to the respective state stamp act.
The debenture redemption reserve should be created for redemption of debentures and the company shall credit adequate amount every year from out of its profits until the debentures are fully redeemed.
Section 128 allows registration of certain particulars in case where a company issues a series of debentures and the debenture holders are entitled pari passu to the benefit of a charge created for the benefit of debenture holders. The company shall file following particulars with the concerned Registrar of Companies for registration of charge under section 125(4):-
(1) The total amount secured by the whole series.
(2) The dates of the resolutions authorising the issue of the series and the date of the covering deed, if any, by which the security is created or defined.
(3) A general description of the property charged.
(4) The names of the trustees, if any, for the debenture holders.
(5) The deed containing the charge or a duly verified copy thereof.
(6) Particulars as to the amount or rate percent of the commission discount or allowance paid or made in connection with debentures. [Section 129]
(a) Failure to file particulars of such charge with the Registrar of Companies shall not affect the validity of the debentures issued.
(b) Debentures may itself contain a charge or give a reference as to any other instrument in this regard.
(c) The particulars of charge as given above shall be filed together with the deed containing the charge, or a copy of the deed verified in the prescribed manner, or if there is no such deed, one of the debentures of the series.
(d) The company shall file with the Registrar, particulars of the date and amount of each issue of debentures of series, if there is more than one, but failure to file such particulars shall not affect the validity of the debentures issued.
(e) Debentures must also be registered under the Indian Registration Act.
(f) Section 133 requires that the company shall cause a copy of every certificate of registration given under section 132, to be endorsed on every debenture e or certificate of debenture stock which is issued by the company and the payment of which is secured by the charge so registered.
A company shall not be required to cause a certificate of registration to be endorsed on any debenture or certificate of debenture stock issued by the company, before the charge was created. [Proviso to section 133]
If any person knowingly delivers, or authorises or permits the delivery of any debenture or certificate of debenture stock which is required to be endorsed with a copy of a certificate of registration, as stated above, without the copy being so endorsed upon it, he shall, without prejudice to any other liability, be punishable with fine which may extend to rupees ten thousand.
Prescribed forms
The prescribed e-Form 8 & 10 vide Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms (Amendment) Rules, 2006 along with the instruments evidencing the charge shall be filed on line to the MCA/ROC, under the digital signatures of both the company and the creditor along with the requisite fee.
At present, Indian companies are allowed to access funds from abroad in the following methods:
1. External Commercial Borrowings
External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) refer to commercial loans in the form of bank loans, buyers' credit, suppliers' credit, securitized instruments (e.g. floating rate notes and fixed rate bonds, non-convertible, optionally convertible or partially convertible preference shares) availed of from non-resident lenders with a minimum average maturity of 3 years.
ECBs include the following
2. Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs)
Refers to a bond issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and the principal and interest in respect of which is payable in foreign currency. These bonds are required to be issued in accordance with the scheme viz., "Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (Through Depositary Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993", and subscribed by a non-resident in foreign currency and convertible into ordinary shares of the issuing company in any manner, either in whole, or in part, on the basis of any equity related warrants attached to debt instruments. The issue of FCCBs is also required to adhere to the provisions of Notification FEMA No. 120/RB-2004 dated July 7, 2004, as amended from time to time.
3. Preference Shares (Non-convertible, partially or optionally convertible)
Funds received for issue of non-convertible, partially or optionally convertible preference shares on or after May 1, 2007 would be considered as debt and should conform to the ECB policy.
4. Foreign Currency Exchangeable Bond (FCEB)
Refers to a bond expressed in foreign currency, the principal and interest in respect of which is payable in foreign currency, issued by an Issuing Company and subscribed to by a person who is a resident outside India, in foreign currency and exchangeable into equity share of another company, to be called the Offered Company, in any manner, either wholly, or partly or on the basis of any equity related warrants attached to debt instruments. The FCEB must comply with the "Issue of Foreign Currency Exchangeable Bonds (FCEB) Scheme, 2008".
Automatic Route
Average Maturity Period
All-in-cost Ceilings over 6 month LIBOR*
|Three years and up to five years
300 basis points
|More than five years
500 basis points
* It is mandatory to obtain LRN before receiving ECB.
Þ AD Category – I banks have been delegated powers to convey 'no objection' under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 for creation of charge on immovable assets, financial securities and issue of corporate or personal guarantees in favour of overseas lender / security trustee, to secure the ECB to be raised by the borrower.
Þ The choice of security to be provided to the lender/supplier is left to the borrower.
Þ Borrowers are permitted to either keep ECB proceeds abroad or to remit these funds to India, pending utilization for permissible end-uses.
Þ Prepayment of ECB up to USD 750 million may be allowed by AD banks without prior approval of Reserve Bank subject to compliance with the stipulated minimum average maturity period as applicable to the loan.
Þ The existing ECB may be refinanced by raising a fresh ECB subject to the condition that the fresh ECB is raised at a lower all-in-cost and the outstanding maturity of the original ECB is maintained.
Þ The designated AD bank has the general permission to make remittances of instalments of principal, interest and other charges in conformity with the ECB guidelines issued by Government / Reserve Bank of India from time to time.
Þ The primary responsibility to ensure that ECB raised / utilised are in conformity with the ECB guidelines and the Reserve Bank regulations / directions is that of the borrower concerned and any contravention of the ECB guidelines will be viewed seriously and will invite penal action under FEMA 1999.
Provisions regarding all-in-cost ceilings, permitted and non-permitted end uses and other important points are same as in case of automatic route.
Conversion of ECB into equity is permitted subject to the following conditions:
(a) The activity of the company is covered under the Automatic Route for Foreign Direct Investment or Government (FIPB) approval for foreign equity participation has been obtained by the company, wherever applicable.
(b) The foreign equity holding after such conversion of debt into equity is within the sectoral cap, if any,
(c) Pricing of shares is as per the pricing guidelines issued under FEMA, 1999 in the case of listed/ unlisted companies.
Conversion of ECB may be reported to the Reserve Bank as follows:
a) Borrowers are required to report full conversion of outstanding ECB into equity in the form FC-GPR to the Regional Office concerned of the Reserve Bank as well as in form ECB-2 submitted to the DSIM, RBI within seven working days from the close of month to which it relates.
(b) In case of partial conversion of outstanding ECB into equity, borrowers are required to report the converted portion in form FC-GPR to the Regional Office concerned as well as in form ECB-2 clearly differentiating the converted portion from the unconverted portion.
(Written by S.Dhanapal, Senior Partner, S Dhanapal & Associates, A firm of Practising Company Secretaries, Chennai.)


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As you start to explore everything that comes with your need for lighters, you will find that there are a lot of different methods that you can try in order to get things done correctly. How are you supposed to know that you can do what matters the most? Are there ways to ensure that you can get just what you need and that it's going to work well for your purposes? And can you look at options like tesla coil lighters reviews to see what may work out the best for whatever is out there?
There are a lot of different lighters on the market and, because of that, you will find that there are differing opinions on what should and should not be considered as you work it all out. How can you make sure that you have whatever you may need? Do you want it to last a while so that you can get whatever you may want as a result? And can you actually make sense of your next steps so that, no matter what happens, you will find that it works out well for your purposes?
Whenever you start to consider the very things that matter the most for your lighter needs, you will have a lot of ways in which you may want to go about seeking out the answers that work out the best for your purposes. Whether you're looking for something small or you want to take the time to actually work out what it is that needs to happen, you're going to discover that there are a lot of ways in which you can get things done and work toward pretty much anything and everything that you can get your hands on.
Above all else, you want to be certain that you have done everything in your power to work out information and see what details are waiting for you there. This will allow you to work out specific solutions and, many times, you're going to see what a huge deal that it is to try and work those sorts of things out in the first place. Why not try to figure out what may be going on there and how much you want to spend in order to get the coil lighter that you want to invest in.
Look around and shop on the web to sort out what it is that you want to be able to accomplish in the meantime. Many times, you can learn a lot about what may be coming your way and how you can plan for the lighter that makes the most sense for your budget. Look closely at what you can get and talk to the right people about that plan in order to make sure that you have what you need and that you can get a lighter for a fair price and without too much stress or anxiety in the meantime as well.
It was not the case before. Those of you who are old enough to remember such days may have angry or sad recollections of those so-called fly by night companies that promised you the earth but delivered only crumbs. Today's online students derive numerous benefits from utilizing the consummate services and expertise on offer by online institutions like orderpapers. These institutions hold no hacks on their books. They employ only consummate academic professionals who have had a number of years experience working with academic institutions such as yours.
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There are numerous types of essays your professor may assign for you to write during the course of your education. Although this writing assignment is likely not one that you are always going to enjoy, they are an important part of your learning process and your grades. You can always hire assignment writers to write the piece, or you can learn firsthand how to write like a pro. It isn't as difficult as many want to make it to be. Learning the types of essays that are assigned is the start of successful essay writing. It's important that you understand how to write the paper for those occasions when assignment writers are unavailable to you.
One type of essay is the narrative essay. This paper tells a real life story or experience related to the subject matter. This type of paper requires the writer to employ their memories and look deep within themselves for ideas and inspiration. These papers are usually written in first person. The conclusion should end with a personal statement of the paper.
Descriptive essays are written to paint a picture using your words and are also commonly assigned to students. The subject might be a person, a place, a memory, an event, or a place of importance. The paper strives to highlight the true meaning of the statements through vivid description, using colorful words and descriptive details. The paper is written to appeal to the emotions of the reader.
The professor might also assign a research essay for you to write. This paper is one that is written to resolve a problem. You must dig around to find details of the problem and work to find a solution to that problem. Oftentimes, these papers require the most time to complete since various sources are needed to find the information.
There is also a persuasive essay in which you write to attempt to convince others of something that you believe in. People are asked to write this paper on a variety of subject matters. Of the different paper types, many people say this is their favorite to write. Information written in this composition should present facts to the reader with the goal of persuading them to think in the same manner as you. All sides of an argument should be presented when you write this paper, but at the end, effective and clear communication entailing why one position is correct is important.
It is important to have knowledge of writing the essay types listed above, since they are the most commonly assigned types. With the information in hand, you're always prepared to write a winning paper that impresses the teacher and earns the grade that you deserve. Of course, whenever the situation calls for it, the professionals are also there to write a great paper for you. It's your call. Either way, the result is an amazing paper at the end of the day.
Are you ready to take your insurance game to a whole new level? We know that everyone has car insurance when they get a car, so why would you not get a home insurance policy when you are buying your new home? There is no reason for you to avoid getting such a policy, and many mortgages require it. A lot of families think it is just about spending more money, and it is not going to help them in any way. But we have to say that if you are thinking of it in such a way, you are taking a very naïve view of the matter.
We believe that insurance policies are vital, especially if you are owning your home outright. You can never know what is going to happen whether it is a burglary or some freak storm that causes damage to your home. What we do know is that when you are seeing that damage done to your home, it is your cheap homeowners insurance cover that would bail you out. There would be no other way for you to get the necessary compensation. And that is why we believe that you need to go out and ensure that you are getting one of these policies.
The beauty of insurance is that you can get a very good policy if you just know where to look. And thanks to the internet, looking has become a lot easier. Now you can easily go online and you can search for all the insurance companies in your area that are offering policies. And then you can check out the various offers that have been sent to you by the ones that you checked out. This will depend a bit on your credit history and some other factors. But you should be seeing some very good offers.
What you are going to want to do when you get those offers is read up on them in some detail. A lot of people make the critical mistake of just going with a policy that seems good and is cheap. But insurance is so detailed, and it is those details that make all the difference. It is a detail that could either get you $100,000 in compensation, or none at all. You may think that is a dramatic statement, but we can promise you that it is how it works. So make sure you read the fine print on every policy.
What we also encourage you to do is ensure that you are reading up on the companies whose policies you are interested in getting. Why does this matter? Because all companies have a reputation, especially in insurance. Some companies are easier when it comes to getting the compensation when you have a homeowners insurance claim. There are other companies that make the process a lot harder, and you are not going to want to deal with those companies. Even if they offer cheap policies, we believe it would not be worth your time to do a deal with any of those companies.
There is nothing wrong with admitting that you want to bulk up at the gym. It is the first step towards achieving your goals. You may feel a little bit embarrassed because you are a skinny person, and everyone has always associated you with being this way. And we do not want you to think that you have to stay this way for long. But we do think that you are going to want to check out the options that are available to you. And one of the options that you have is to use a supplement when you are training at the gym.
What do supplements accomplish? Well it depends on what you are taking. For instance, if you know anyone who went on a diet, they would probably tell you about the supplements they took. But as you would realize, the supplements someone is taking when they want to lose weight are totally different from gaining weight. If you take the same supplements, you may have more energy but you are really not doing much for the muscle mass in your body through those supplements. You need something that will help you with your goals.
And that is why we want to talk about the crazy bulk reviews that we have seen online. I am a passionate person when it comes to weight lifting and getting bigger, and that is why I decided to do a review of my own. I was talking with my wife about the fact that this great supplement was getting some mixed reviews, and we both felt that it was time for me to set the record straight. And that is why I want to tell you that if you want to bulk up, get Crazy Bulk. I promise that it is going to help you in a huge way, if you want to lose weight. you will be stunned at the progress that you are making with it.
What the supplement is going to do for you is ensure that you are getting a lot more muscle mass out of your workouts and diets. So that means if you were to put on 2KG of muscle after three weeks of training and eating normally, the supplement could get you 3KG or even 4KG. It depends on your body and situation. But what I can promise you is that you will see real results.
What a lot of people worry about regarding Crazy Bulk is that it contains nine steroids. But the first thing you should know is that it is nine legal steroids, and that these items are not going to harm you in any way. These are harmless steroids that are only going to help you bulk up. And if you are only planning on taking this supplement when you are bulking up for a few months, you are in good shape. It is another matter if you take it for years, but a few short stints is not a problem at all.
If you're someone that enjoys writing and that enjoys sharing your writing with other people, you may have been exploring the ways that you can make that sort of thing happen with ease. Have you ever really looked at what you could do in order to start a blog without too much hassle? Are there ways that you can go ahead and look at whatever you may need so that you don't miss out or so that you don't end up in a situation where it may be difficult to work different things out in the long run?
So, why should you even start a blog? There are a few reasons. First, if you are someone that is looking for ways that you can express yourself without too much trouble, you're going to find that it can be incredibly advantageous for you to work out just what it is that you want to be able to do in those instances. Not only that, but you may be looking at how you can utilize a blog in order to get the things out to the public eye.
Self promotion is always a great reason to get into blogging. If you run a business or you offer certain types of things for people, you're going to find that there are a lot of ways that you can get in on whatever you're trying to accomplish as a part of the whole thing. You will learn about a lot of ways to get things done and that you're actually going to be able to find different solutions that help you to get the word out and expand the audience you're trying to build. In short, it could end up being a money maker that really helps you to stay ahead of everything that may be going on around you.
Another reason you may want to get a blog started up is so that you can keep your family and friends up to date with things that are going on with your life. When you have a lot of friends and family that are located all over the country, and even the world, you want to be able to let people know what is going on without having to say it multiple times. While you're trying to do that, you also want to make sure that you're getting your hands on pretty much anything and everything that you may need in order to keep it up.
Above everything else, take a look at what is going on and how you want to try and get things worked out in positive ways. Many times, you are going to see that you can get a blog started and really go a long way with it. You can find a lot of answers and, in the end, you will see that it is much easier to see and work out all that you need to do with ease and with a lot of fun, as well.
Whenever a patient is experiencing symptoms that are not normal, we have to think about what may be wrong with them. Sometimes it is not hard at all to understand what is going on with a patient. You may have noticed something very specific early on or you may have seen these same symptoms so many times that you know precisely what is going on. But we do not want to assume that we always know what is happening with a patient, and that is why tests are important. These tests can help us determine whether we were right or wrong.
And some of the tests that you are going to see will be done when a patient is exhibiting symptoms related to their heart. Since we cannot easily monitor or understand the heart without tests, they are always necessary for these types of issues. For instance, the cpt code for echocardiogram is used very often at hospitals and medical centers. It is very important that when such a procedure is being performed, the cpt code for echocardiogram is entered in the right way. This is important, because the insurance forms must state the code so that everyone knows what procedure was performed and why it happened.
But what is the echocardiogram? And how does it help? This is a test that is done to take pictures of the heart. These pictures of the human heart are taken using high frequency sound waves. It is just like how you would take an ultrasound of a woman's stomach when you want to see the baby but with the heart. It is not a scary procedure, and it is one of those things where the patient is not going to have a bad experience at all. When a doctor or medical assistant knows what they are doing, this procedure is seamless and should not cause you any discomfort.
With the echo, sound waves are going to take a full picture of the heart. Not only are you seeing the big picture, but you are also seeing the valves, walls, chambers and everything else that is around the human heart. And this is so important if someone has just had a heart attack, experienced chest pains, or is going through irregular heartbeats. So what does the test achieve? What does it tell doctors? We can talk about that right now.
The reason why this test is done is because a doctor must see what the heart is doing to understand whether something is wrong. Doctors know how the heart is supposed to function. And they also know all the signs that can point to a serious problem with the heart. And this is what it is all about finding out whether something serious is wrong with the heart, or the issue is something else entirely. And the echocardiogram is one of those tests that can help find out what is going on. For insurance purposes, there is always a CPT code that will be attached to the echocardiogram in the United States.
Are you ready to learn about the world in a new way? If you are the type of person who is always willing to take on new ideas, then we are here to tell you about wiccan magic. If you are the type of person who will just mock those who see the world in a different way, then perhaps this is not for you. There is not much that we can say that is going to change your mind. But for those who are open minded and can see the world in a few different ways, we think that you will love our guide.
We want to talk about powerful wiccan spells and how wiccan magic works. The first thing that you need to know is that all the things you have heard about wiccan magic is not true. You may have heard some absurd stereotypes about people who believe in wiccan magic, and some strawman arguments about how magic is not real. And it is unfortunate that such viewpoints exist. But the only thing that we can do is set the record straight and show you how things are genuinely done. We think that will help you a lot.
When you are first learning about the wiccan lifestyle, you should be aware that you are taking on some very new concepts. The very idea that magic is real and can have an impact on our lives is something that people have a hard time accepting. But the more that you read about wiccan culture, and the more that you talk with people who believe in wiccan magic, you will begin to understand where they are coming from. And that is what it is all about being able to see that so many people have a completely different impression of our world and universe than you!
For those who just want to learn about specific spells, and do not care too much about everything else, that is fine too. It is all about going on a journey that is good for you. If you are the type of person who just wants to use a spell for a specific reason, and you are already a believer, then you are good to go. You can go to the wiccan websites, and you can even go on YouTube, and you will find plenty of guides. These guides will help you immensely.
When you see the guides, you will see that magic is not exactly as you had imagined. You are not going to utter some words and get the exact outcome that you wanted. If the world worked in such a way, we would all be doing magic all the time. It is more about a belief system, and about ensuring that you have the right energy when you are intending to perform one of these spells. You will have to learn a bit before you can master the more complex spells. But we promise that it is a learning curve that will be worth your time!
As a kid growing up in the 1990s, there were often schoolyard debates over which was the better console, the Super Nintendo or the Sega Genesis. While consoles today have only minimal differences and most games are ported to multiple systems, this was not the case back then. The SNES and Genesis had significant differences when it came to processing speed, graphical power, and sound, and while you might find the same titles on both systems quite frequently, even the games with the same titles were often different from one system to another, which led many gamers to pick one as their favorite. For many kids, the debate ultimately came down to a personal preference, yet we all still argued our points as well as we possibly could at the time in order to try and convince others that we were right.
One of the greatest divides that came about between gamers of this era had to do with ports of the arcade game Mortal Kombat. Nintendo, wanting to remain a family friendly company, decided to censor their version of the game in order to reduce the amount of violence and gore that was in it. While the Genesis version was censored out of the box, there was a simple code that could be punched in at the title screen in order to activate the blood, gore, and all of the brutal fatality moves within the game. Because of this, many of the pro-Genesis gamers argued that the Genesis version was much better than the SNES version.
While the SNES had better graphics and sound, the Genesis had a faster processor, which is what made games like Sonic the Hedgehog so popular. Ultimately, however, the preference that any gamer showed for either system was completely subjective.


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Unique formulation outperforms other ice melters.
Safer than Salt Commercial Ice Melter is a proprietary formulation of potassium chloride (a fertilizer), calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride. The product is coated with a liquide magnesium chloride / CMA mixture to help "jump start" the melting process. Safter than Salt Commercial Ice Melter will melt mroe snow and ice than most other producst.It works faster and at temperatures whem many other prducst have stopped working.
Safer than Salt Ice Melt
Created/Updated: Tuesday, 12 February 2013 15:46
Created/Updated: Tuesday, 12 February 2013 15:46


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- Main Menu
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Costas Arkolakis
Mailing Address:
Yale University
P.O. Box 208268
New Haven, CT 06520-8268
Ph.D., Economics, University of Minnesota
M.A., Economics, University of Minnesota
B.A., Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Costas Arkolakis is the Henry Kohn Associate Professor of Economics at Yale University and an NBER Research Associate. He received his undergraduate degree from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Economics, and his Master and PhD in Economics from the University of Minnesota. He joined the department of Economics at Yale University at 2007 and became an Associate Professor in 2013. He has been awarded two National Science Foundation grants including an NSF CAREER grant and published in a variety of journals (including the Journal of Political Economy, American Economic Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics). He is a co-editor of Economic Theory and the Journal of International Economics. His research and teaching specializes in general equilibrium trade theory, spatial economics, and macroeconomics.


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On February 16th, around 4,000 people showed up at Hong Lim Park to protest against the Population White Paper. The protest was groundbreaking as it was the first political protest in Singapore for a long long time.
On May 1st, the event organizer of the protest, Mr. Gilbert Goh, will hold another protest against the White Paper at the same location. The second protest will be held on Labour Day, a public holiday in Singapore, and it seems clear that the organizers are hoping to get even more people to attend this protest.
Personally, I questioned if that will happen.
The main problem I see is that the White Paper was passed in February. It is now March and the second protest will be held in May. As they say; time heal all wounds, and although people are still angry about the White Paper, would 4,000 people turn up for the same cause in May?
I guessed time will tell.


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Happy Friday Misfiteers!
While I was getting ready for a trip over the summer I became super aware of what I actually use when I'm writing. In fact, I was so worried about packing an adequate amount of post-its, I almost forgot several very necessary things. Like sunscreen.
(No sunscreen in Austin is a terrible, terrible plan.)
But it got me thinking. What kinds of things do I think of as my "writing essentials." What do I use the most when I'm plotting, writing, or editing? And I came up with a list:
- Colorful pens
- Post-its
- Gummy bears
- Tea
- Big windows (for post-it plotting)
- Fuzzy socks
- Timer for sprints
- Spotify
- Highlighters
- Fingerless gloves
- Noise canceling headphones
- Scrivener
- Red lipstick
Even when I move my writing from my office to the living room, I take armloads of things with me. It all ends up scattered across the couch, floor, and coffee table in a jumbled mess my husband likes to call "novel tornado."
Megan G.


text: Works / Housing & Healthcare Longview Kaiser Oncology Clinic / Longview, Washington GreenWorks provided landscape architecture services, working with Soderstrom Architects of Portland, for Kaiser's expansion of this regional community hospital facility. This new addition expanded services for Hematology and a number of Oncology services including infusion bays for patients to receive chemotherapy treatments. The project blends the new building into the existing site landscaping, so a thorough review of plant materials and combinations was conducted to make the new and old appear visually consistent. Also, the site's existing centralized irrigation systems was tapped into, which required working closely with facilities maintenance staff to provide appropriate levels of service without impacting the existing system. The new construction included an increase in impervious surfaces due to new roof area, so the team, including KPFF engineers, created a sophisticated multi-functional amenity to manage stormwater within the landscaping along the edge of the building. This undulating rain garden collects, treats, and detains runoff and was well received as a model for low-impact development in the City of Longview. The garden includes a winding bed of water-loving plants, as well as additional grasses, shrubs and perennials for seasonal interest. It is oriented to enhance the view from within the building, acting as buffer for patients and providing views of nature, while it functions to manage stormwater. Post navigation Previous / Next


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Oatmeal & Cranberry Cookies!
I can honestly tell you that when I was little I hated oatmeal cookies with a burning passion. I hated the oatmeal but the worst was the raisins. THEY'RE EVERYWHERE, ITS RIDICULOUS! There is no way around them. If you pick them out all you would have left would be remnants of a cookie you wish was chocolate chip. Its a total travesty.
HOWEVER! My dad loves oatmeal cookies and had requested them this week. So off to the lab I call my kitchen to convert all my oatmeal raisin anger into some creative energy.
My first mission was those freaking raisins. I switched them for cranberries. Less sweet, more tart! Its key! Oatmeal raisin cookies are too sweet for me and the balance the cranberries give is just a perfect balance.
Next! Those oatmeal chucks in my cookie are insane! Grind those bad boys up. Give them some texture other than huge. Take out all your hate for them and go at them. Knife, blender, magic bullet, doesn't matter just go for it! This idea came from my cousin. You'll soon learn she the OG Master who will take over the world.
The combo of these two things made this cookie taste like and I quote crack cocaine. I do agree though.
Grind those oats!
How the butter and sugar creamed together should look like.
What it should look like when you add your eggs.
1 cup of flour
1 Tablespoon of cinnamon
1 1/2 Teaspoon Baking soda
1 1/4 teaspoon of Salt
1/2 Cup of Brown Sugar
1/4 Cup of White Sugar
10 Tablespoons of Butter
2 eggs
1 Teaspoon of Vanilla
2 cups of Oats
1 Cup of cranberries
1.) Mix all your dry ingredients in a bowl, which is your flour, cinnamon, baking soda, and salt.
2.) In your mixer or bowl beat the softened butter and sugar till creamy and pale.
3.) Throw in your eggs and vanilla and mix until incorporated. No more than "incorporated"! I mean it! Just trust me. I got you.
4.) Next throw in all your dry ingredients.
5.) Lastly throw in your grinded oats and cranberries.
6. )Bake at 350 degrees fahrenheit. I had them in for 18 mins cause mine were pretty big. You pretty much want it to puff up in the center and have gold edges. You want them to be underdone so that you can cool them on the pan and they will still be chewy on the inside and crispy on the outside. They stayed this way for three days straight. After that I couldn't tell you cause by then they were all gone.
P.S.- If you're experiencing blizzard Jonas, be safe! Stay inside and have a calm and chill day! I'll be baking some bread to make Philly cheese steak sandwiches for dinner.


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Domestic Carpet Cleaner Nottingham
Keeping your home clean takes more than just hoovering and dusting the surfaces you can see. Your carpets should be cleaned thoroughly by professionals every year to keep them looking great and smelling fresh. By hiring Brenton carpet cleaner Nottingham, you know you're hiring the best.
Using our services will make a big difference to the appearance of your room, it will also keep any tough stains in check and keep your home free from unpleasant aromas. A fresh, clean floor is a great way to kick off a spring clean or get your home ready for visitors on that special occasion.
Your Carpet Cleaner Nottingham
Our specialist cleaning equipment allows the cleaning process to take effect deep down into your carpet fibres, releasing hidden dirt and stubborn stains. We can tackle pet stains, ground-in mud and even red wine stains, as well as those grubby patches around doors and furniture.
We're happy to clean your carpets on a weekly, monthly or annual basis, but we can also clean after a busy party when you're likely to see dirt and spills that are hard to lift with shop-bought products. Our equipment is tough enough to handle the mess you'll see after construction or redecorating work, and we can extend our cleaning services to your furniture and curtains too.
Using professionals will reduce any reactions your family or friends may have to allergies. The equipment we use lifts pet hairs effortlessly and is far more effective than a domestic vacuum cleaner. Dry Fusion is ideal to prevent mould and spores from forming in rooms that may have been damp in the past, yet gentle enough to use on wool or rugs.
Carpets cleaned with our Dry Fusion system take only an hour or so to dry, so you won't have to worry about that lingering damp feeling in the room. That makes it really convenient to treat large areas of the house at the same time, as you can usually walk on the carpet within half an hour, and it's safe for pets and children to use the room without having to wait for the fibres to dry. Almost any surface can be cleaned with our Dry Fusion system, including your upholstery.
Talk to the professional carpet cleaner Nottingham deserves today by calling 01159 193836


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|[digester] local ArrayStack implementation not backwards compatible?
|Mon, 19 Apr 2004 08:01:17 GMT
Hi all, There was a recent change by Craig to add a copy of the collections ArrayStack class into digester to make it independent of collections. The critical emails seem to be: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=jakarta-commons-dev&m=107574718316162&w=2 and http://firstname.lastname@example.com/msg35448.html While compiling the release notes, and checking for API incompatibilities between releases, it occurred to me that there is a backward compatibility issue. Am I right in thinking that when subclassing a class with "protected" members, if the parent class implementation changes the type of those members then that is a binary incompatibility with the subclass? Below is the draft text I wrote for the release notes. I don't think these incompatibilities are *too* severe. However given that we can't drop the Collections library until BeanUtils2.0 anyway, maybe it makes sense to roll this change back? Any comments? PS: I've tested BeanUtils and Digester against collections-3.0, and: (a) binaries compiled against collections-2.1 complete all tests ok when 3.0 is put in the classpath instead of 2.1. (b) all source compiles against 3.0 fine, and tests run ok. == Potentially incompatible changes * ArrayStack Previously, Digester required the collections library, simply for a single class: ArrayStack. To avoid depending explicitly on the commons-collections library, a copy of this class has been made within the digester library. All places which once used the collections version now use the digester version. Unfortunately, user classes which subclass the modified classes may need to be recompiled. The affected classes are: CallParamRule (member bodyTextStack) Digester (members bodyTexts, params and stack) xmlrules.DigesterRuleParser Note that the following class *uses* ArrayStack, but because it is private, not protected I believe there is no issue (?) FactoryCreateRule Regards, Simon --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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Is there life on the Alpha Centauri system? Press release, August 5, 2015.
Colossus scientists have proposed a sensitive technique for detecting photosynthetic organisms in extrasolar planetary systems
Conclusions. The very existence of Proxima b and the SPHERE-ESPRESSO synergy represent a unique opportunity to detect biosignatures on an exoplanet in the near future. It is also a crucial pathfinder experiment for the development of Extremely Large Telescopes and their instruments (abridged).
The project was announced on 12 April 2016 in an event held in New York City by physicist and venture capitalist Yuri Milner and cosmologist Stephen Hawking who is serving as board member of the initiatives. Other board members include Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. The project has an initial funding of US$100 million to start research. Milner places the final mission cost at $5–10 billion, and estimates the first craft could launch around 2036.[3] Pete Worden is tasked to run the Breakthrough Initiatives,[9] of which this is the third.
originally posted by: jonnywhite
originally posted by: lostbook
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: 0bserver1
Nothing that I am aware of as yet. But the Webb will be able to provide a lot more data.
Phage, what do you think is the hold up with some of the faster more exotic forms of propulsion out there which aren't being used for space travelers yet? Solar Sails, Vasmir, etc...? Which would you prefer to use on a supposed trip to Proxima B?
I don't know what phage thinks, but I personally think since we got nothing to get there in years and only ways to get there in centuries or thousands of years, well... And that's only theoretical. We've not developed anything for real world testing and refinement. It's not likely be anytime soon without exotic technology breakthroughs. Probably centuries from now.
Solar sails (~1000 years travel-time at best; hundreds of years is far fetched):
www.seeker.com - Are Solar Sails the Future of Space Travel? ...
Based on energy capacity, it might be 200 years:
www.technologyreview.com - Interstellar Travel Not Possible Before 2200AD, Suggests Study...
I think we're more likely to build deep space mega telescopes (*) for possibly gaining more information about the planet and even maybe knowing if it has life on it. Or a kind of micro interstellar probe:
www.space.com - Lasers Could Blast Tiny Spacecraft to the Stars...
So it's like the universe can be seen and inspected but not touched. Since we're mostly internet obsessed, it'll be familiar to us.
(*) - www.sciencenews.org - New telescopes will search for signs of life on distant planets...


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The Hill: Elizabeth Hofacre, the Cincinnati staffer, said that she started receiving applications from Tea Party groups to sift through in April, 2010. Hofacre's handling of those cases, she said, was highly influenced by Carter Hull, an IRS lawyer in Washington.
Hofacre said that she integrated questions from Hull into her follow-ups with Tea Party groups, and that Hull had to approve the letters seeking more information that she sent out to those organizations. That process, she said, was both unusual and "demeaning."
…"I thought it was over the top," she added, in interviews held by investigators in both parties from the House Oversight and Ways and Means committees. "I am not sure where it came from, but it was a bit unusual."


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CCH has published a new tax briefing examining recent federal tax developments and strategies for this past tax season, and how they may affect taxpayers in future tax seasons.
Tax Briefing: 2014 Post-Filing Season Update also provides guidance to bring readers up to date on recent developments involving individual and business taxation, retirement savings, foreign accounts, the Affordable Care Act and more.
The document also contains analysis of current tax reform proposals, including proposals released in March by the Obama administration in its fiscal year federal budget plan, such as expansion of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit for employers that hire veterans and a permanent extension of the research tax credit.
The tax briefing also provides details on new developments regarding nontaxable rollover contributions to individual retirement accounts.
The briefing is available by clicking here. Other CCH tax briefings are available at www.CCHGroup.com/Legislation.
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And the winners are......
Congratulations to Amy Walsh, who said
"I would LOVE one of your gorgeous bags, but I'd probably go for something a bit darker than the ones you usually do, but still pretty and girly!! ;) xxx"
Congratulations to Emma (My Red Wellies) who said
"Oo what a lovely giveaway.
My colour of choice would of course be RED. with either a splash of aqua or orange. But no flowers for me :)
Well done on 200+ likes xx"
I'll be contacting both of you today to sort out the designs for your bags - I can't wait!
Thanks everyone for playing along - hopefully it won't be too long before I do another one! xxx


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Zanna, Don't
Reviewed by Deborah Klugman
Chromolume Theatre at the Attic
Through February 5
There's a lot of singing about love in Tim Acito's musical fantasy, Zanna, Don't! which is set in a high school in the Midwest (Heartsville High), where homosexuality is the norm and being hetero prompts wrinkled noses and grossed-out looks.
At 2 hours and 20 minutes, the brouhaha about romance and broken hearts and the surfeit of songs about them wears a bit thin. Nonetheless, the score and lyrics are catchy and there are some engaging performances. Most importantly, the play's illustration of the inanity and cruelty of prejudice, leavened by cartoonish humor and upbeat rhythms, compensate for many of the production's limitations.
Zanna (Jason Bornstein), the pivotal character, is a sort of androgynous teenage fairy godfather with a magic wand that he flourishes to bring lovers together. He's been instrumental in hooking up the school's chess champion, Mike (Everjohn Feliciano) and its football star, Steve (Jacob Zelonky). (In the world of Heartsville, the school idol is the chess champion not its top athlete.) He's also fostered a romance between assertive Roberta (Vanessa Magula), hitherto unlucky in love, and the reserved Kate (Amy Segal), a committed student and super-responsible participant in school affairs.
All four are happy for a while until Steve and Kate are cast opposite each other in the school play where they're called on to kiss. After that, despite their efforts to resist, the pair find themselves desperately and inextricably attracted, to the great dismay of their official mates and the disdain of the student body in general.
Zelonky and Segal are especially engaging as the guileless star-crossed lovers, and Lily Elliott displays solid comic chops in a variety of supporting roles. It's a respectable, if unmemorable showing, overall, under Lauren J. Peters direction, although Bornstein's Zanna struck me as apprehensive on stage and his vocals (and others) need work. Michael Marchuk's zesty choreography, executed with great enthusiasm, adds lots of fun, while Michael Mullen's costumes furnish comic color — Zanna's candy pink T-shirt and matching sneakers are their own statement. Musician and musical director Daniel Yokomizo contributes rousing percussion.
Chromolume Theatre at the Attic, 5429 W. Washington Blvd., L.A.; Fri.-Sat., 8 p.m.; Sun., 7 p.m.; through February 5. www.crtheatre.co, (323) 510-2688. Running time: 2 hours and 20 minutes with an intermission.
The post Zanna, Don't! appeared first on STAGE RAW – ARTS IN L.A. – SERVED FRESH.


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Celebrating New Music and Marin Alsop at Cabrilloby sarah - July 27th, 2016.
Filed under: concerts, conductors, festivals, performance grants, premiere. Tagged as: Anna Clyne, Cabrillo Festival, Jennifer Higdon, Marin Alsop.
The Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music begins on July 31. This annual event is always worth anticipating and hugely rewarding – but this year is particularly special as it is Marin Alsop's last at the helm. Alsop is stepping down after 25 years as artistic director and leading the festival to ever new and exciting heights.
The 2016 Festival includes the work of two well-recognized and highly admired contemporary women: Jennifer Higdon and Anna Clyne.
Higdon's Violin Concerto will receive its West Cost premiere on August 12. Justin Bruns will be soloist. The concerto, which was written for Hilary Hahn, won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Music. Read the program notes online, and get a sample of the work, performed by Hahn, below:
Anna Clyne's symphonic ballet, RIFT, will receive its World Premiere on the opening night of the Alsop's final season. The work, a commission by the Festival, also received a 2015 WPA Performance Grant. The five movement piece was created in partnership with choreographer Kitty McNamee and will feature the Hysterica Dance Company. Learn more below:
What amazing end to a Alsop's tenure at Cabrillo! Be sure to explore the Cabrillo website for more information about the talks, concerts, and workshops that will take place in the coming days!


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How can I create a resource group using a tag substring or wildcards?
Resource Groups lets you include resources in your resource group by identifying a tag substring. This is similar to appending a wildcard to the beginning and end of a string in the tag value field.
To use this feature, begin typing a string in the tag value field of the Resource Group create or edit forms and select the Contains: option to find values that contain the characters that you typed.
For example, a search using Contains: Prod value for the "Name" tag key would return a resource tagged with "FooApp-DB-Prod" as the value in the "Name" tag key.
Note: Tag search is case-sensitive.
Resource Groups, substring, wildcard, contains
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Published: 2016-06-30


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Entrepreneurs, managers, professionals and consultants in the consumer, durable, equipment, chemical and industrial manufacturing industry.
People On BAIA Link: 32
Latest Activity: Mar 14
Hello BAIA Manufacturing, I' m an export manager of Dermal Italy.
Our core business is about hairloss and hair restoration. we manufacturing hairpieces completely custom and with real european and italian hair.
I'm here for expand our business if anyone are interested is welcome, please contact me.
best reguards
Daniele Bonazzi
Hi Group TOC TOC !
If someone in italy please came and visit me:
Or ..but at this time only in italian: www.horgonic.com
Hello BAIA, I'm christian Marin from Italy and I would like to thanks you for becoming a member of your association.
I'm a Management/Industrial Engineer with 11 years fo experience as Production Planner, Operation Manager and Plant Manager in plastic molding and furniture factories.
I'm willing to relocate in San Francisco Bay area from the end of January and I'm looking for a new job.
Have you got any advices or some good contact to help me in my research ?
yes, I was intern at GE Aviation in Torino, amazing experience! In 15 days I will move to Monterey, California. I am looking for a job in the Bay Area..I want to continue my career there :)
Hello Giorgio! I worked as Material Planner at General Electric Aviation.. yes, Aeronautics Engines Spares Parts Management, I would say Manufacturing! :)
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The United Theocracy Of America
April 19, 2011 1 Comment
House concurrent Resolution 13 reaffirming `In God We Trust' as the official motto of the United States and supporting and encouraging the public display of the national motto in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions is up for a vote.
http://friendlyatheist.com/2011/03/08/supreme-court-rejects-in-god-we-trust-lawsuit/ Great Article On This Subject.
" The whole foundation of Christianity is based on the idea that intellectualism is the work of the Devil. Remember the apple on the tree? Okay, it was the Tree Of Knowledge. " You eat this apple, your going to be as smart as God. We can't have that."
– – Frank Zappa
We are already starting to see the signs that we are living in a theocracy in the United States in 2011. An example of this recently is the supreme court not even being willing to take the case of 'In God We Trust' on our currency even though our original slogan for our country was "E Pluribus Unum" which is Latin for "One from many" or "One from many parts" and was changed in the 1950's.
Our original moto makes complete sense and is what our country's real intention was all about- working together as many parts putting together the whole for all of us to prosper and move ahead in thought, growth, technology and science for our survival and the good of humanity for generations to come. Not to stay put in a box of first century dead thought and never move ahead.
Now it's much deeper than just currency. Congress wants to make 'In God We Trust' the official moto of our country. This means so much more than the already despicable statement on our currency. This means this statement will exist on all of our government buildings including schools and every local and state municipality in every town and city across this county.
Yet here we have congress dictating to us what we should believe in and what our country's motto should be. Sorry Congressman Randy Forbes- we all don't trust in God especially a large percentage of us that live in this country. We trust in each other to do the right thing and we gave up our imaginary friends, such as Santa and the ghost that lived under our bed, when we were 6 years old. It's intellectually insulting that a member of congress would tell all of us ' in delusion and an imaginary friend we trust' over our original moto that truly transcends what this nation is about.
We are at the point of setting a new precedent in the United States where we are no longer a secular nation but a theocracy based on an invisible man in the sky and no longer a place of real thought. We should, at that point, just shred the Constitution and all have a copy of the first century hand book of the christian world, because that is where this slippery slope is taking us.
We can't take this lightly anymore and just be respectful of other people's mental lapses in reality, because if we keep heading in this direction this nation will be back to a place of burning witches at the stake and scientific thought will cease to exist as we know it. Instead it will be replaced with the fairy tale of creationism, unicorns and the teaching we live on a 10.000 year old planet formed in 7 days being the norm in education. We have to fight them at every level we can in the courts and uphold our constitution from this insanity. Remember we are dealing with the intelligence of troglodytes unable to use the other functions of the brain, only that which has been hypnotized in delusion and fear.
It's becoming very apparent the current congress is going to continue to overlook separation of church and state and shove god on us without our consent. We are not a 'one religion one thought nation' but yet we have representatives that now think it's OK to sell their brand of morality to the rest of us, not to say they haven't from the beginning. The whole reason for the separation clause in the constitution is to help protect minorities from being oppressed and attacked by groups, such as Christians, that consistently play the minority card while in fact representing the majority of thought, especially in the southern US.
A false statement that is constantly echoed across America is that we are a democracy. We are a representative republic that was formed to protect state rights and minorities. The term minority has been twisted also to mean the color of ones skin when it means also in thought, not just race.
If we were a democracy then we would live in majority rule, which seems not very far off looking at our current direction and not the best of ideas. We as a 20% minority, making up 70,000,000 to be exact, are a very large part of this country and one of the largest minorities in the US. We need to be as vocal about what we stand for exactly how the other side is, if not louder. Remember the squeaky wheel gets the grease. We can't sit back and watch as a group of delusional people are trying to exact their laws on us so we will all submit to Christian rule and thought.
The new atheist movement is starting to closely resemble the beginning stages of the homosexual movement because in some ways they suffer the same discrimination's in the work place and rejections of family members through ignorance. A tremendous amount of people are still hiding in the closet for fear of what people might think of them or the fear of being ostracized by family and friends.
I want to ask this question- what God are they asking us to trust in anyway? Thor, Buddha, Allah, Ra? We all know the answer to this is Jesus. We have congressman and senators that are now effectively re-writing the truth about the founding fathers and claiming we are a nation founded on Christianity. Nothing could be farther from the truth, the majority of our founding fathers were deists or atheists. If you don't believe it look it up. Don't just take my word for it.
We are a nation founded on secularism. Freedom was formed to leave the church, not run to it, and yet here we are again. Christianity is a cancer that once it gets into the mind requires a tremendous dose of logic based chemotherapy to eradicate. The very reason so many people left England to begin with at the birth of this nation was to vacate state sponsored tyrannical religion and live in a nation where people could believe in what they saw fit while being left alone in their beliefs and not affecting others in the process. The cancer of non thought is seeping deeper into this nation. At the same time this is going on in our country we have multiple state houses taking up the abortion issue again as well.
Under a law signed by Gov. Dennis Daugaard of South Dakota last week, women who seek an abortion will have to wait 72 hours, undergo two visits to Doctors, be checked for unspecified physical and mental risk factors, and be proselytized by an antiabortion counseling center before they can have any procedure take place. This is a state with just one center that offers abortions, which are performed by an out-of-state doctor who flys in a couple of times a month. In other words, a few days of waiting could add up to a lot more. The goal is to get women to wait as long as possible so women will have to have the child because it will be to far into the trimester to perform the procedure. http://www.politicsdaily.com/2011/03/22/south-dakota-enacts-tough-abortion-law/ . Common sense would tell you this is a huge violation of Roe V Wade and a set back for women and and women's rights.
The irony of all of it is there is not one place in the bible that even mentions abortion. This is another make believe delusion of christian's and they propagate it through emotional lies, bumper stickers and feel good campaigns designed to prey on peoples' emotion. It's funny how people who believe in this nonsense don't even read their own book to verify the information, but just take it at face value because their pastor or neighbor told them it was so. Imagine what's going to happen when they make it illegal to be a non-believer because, without doubt, that is their goal. Their reason will be because the mind is a fetus and by questioning god we are committing murder on the invisible man that lives in their heads.
When we make our country about something all of us don't and can never agree on how are we not heading back into the same direction and reason we formed this nation to begin with? We are yet again repeating history where a group of lunatic fringe delusional thinkers somehow think they have the right to have dominion over all of us because of fairy tales and beliefs from fantasy and works of fiction.
There has never been a happy ending with this story and it ultimately leads to some kind of violent exchange and then we all have to go back, reset the clock and start over again until the crazy's come together yet again to destroy freedom of thought and individualism. I'm not in anyway advocating violence because we all know who enjoys that the most- our closed minded non thinking religious friends all in the name of jesus. Rational people don't need to have power over others to survive, that is the job of the weak of mind.
Where I am going with all of this is simple, all of the future children of this nation are about to be born into this nut house, and if we already have this many manipulative non thinking adults imagine what it's going to be like in the USA when all of these non thinking fearful ADHD medicated zombie children grow up.
The mind of a child is fragile and open to what goes in it and if they are taught that fantasy such as Harry Potter and other types of entertainment are evil when they are not even real to begin with but unicorns and the invisible man are what we should trust in most. How would you expect they would act in the future when approaching other topics such as environmental, political or social realms? These future religious fanactics will carry their stuffed animal with them and imprison anyone that does not believe in their invisible friend, stoning the people who do not believe, all the while praying for their sins.
The majority of their parents are the very same adults that believe all of the hyperbolic emotion and fear that Fox News sells them and now they are passing on the same illogical point of view to innocent children that can't even distinguish the difference between what is real and what is make believe. It's an irony how Christians teach and preach so much hate against muslims on a daily basis when they act exactly the same way, minus wearing a berka, on Sundays in churches across America.
Does this give you in Europe and Canada a better point of view when we non believers share with you how much bullshit we deal with in the Southern United States and the country as a whole on a daily basis? We aren't making this up or exaggerating like you think we are.
I don't recall this crop of congress men and woman running for Jesus in 2010. They claimed they were running for cutting spending and freedom in Washington. The conservative movement is all but gone and has been replaced with the Jesus party pretending to be republicans under the auspice of the tea party. And just wait when the next election cycle comes around you won't be able to tell the democrats from the republicans because they will all jump on this band wagon just as fast to get re – elected and maintain their status quoe.
Manipulation of the mind and emotions is far worse than physical abuse. That is not an avocation of any type of abuse; however, at least abuse in the physical can heal rather quickly.
Christians want to turn this into a post hybrid 1950's nation hopped up on Zoloff and pain killers so they can control every thought and emotion. I ask, with lack of thought like this going on in 2011 have we really changed that much from the dark ages? It's certain if we stay on this path that is exactly where we will be again. When the church becomes the state, freedom will cease to exist and any past analysis of real history will show you the outcome this circumstance.
I'm sure after a diatribe like this I will be accused of being a militant, mean, baby hating atheist when in fact I would never advocate violence as a means for change. I advocate debate and standing up for what you believe in along with calling out bullshit where it deserves to be challenged.