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The itslearning library is our education focused learning object repository. Based on regional, national and international standard and tagging it creates a great space for finding, sharing and re-using content from teachers and the top educational publishers.
We want to have the best LMS ecosystem for sharing educational tools and resources – this can help share knowledge, resources and make the job of teaching easier. We want to make the itslearning library our teacher's preferred tool for searching, creating, and sharing learning resources. Today we have some customers with over 2 million resources in their itslearning library and we are improving the search usability to make finding the right content as simple as possible.
We will include better searching across the different standard systems used by different districts to improve search results (standards cross-walking).
We want to build on the 20+ national and international publishers who have added their content to itslearning. We will extend the options for importing and managing publisher content. We will give publishers more viability of usage so they can target their content to better support key educational challenges.
Our key themes all interrelate to make the itslearning library the heart of our teaching ecosystem.


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The Lobby Gallery
Our Lobby Gallery features work by local artists. We have felted wool and silk pictures by Nicola Knapton.
We have beautiful photography by Jordan Mansfield - a local Montgomery photographer, recently commended in UK competition "landscape photograph of the year". Check out Shropshire Prints for more details.
Kevan Hopson has practiced as a professional Artist since his move to mid-Wales in 1985. His paintings and sculpture have been exhibited consistently and extensively throughout the United Kingdom. He was among those chosen to represent Wales at the Welsh Festival in Brussels during the late 90's. His love of the Welsh landscape can clearly be seen in his paintings and his concerns for the environment are reflected in his choice of found materials as the starting point for his sculpture. Kevan has, 'sold out' at the South Bank Craft Centre, on occasion sold nothing at all, appeared on TV several times, in magazine articles, had the occasional book entry and taught no end of adults and school pupils in workshops across the UK.

subset: commoncrawl


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About Us
UM News is a weekly news segment produced by senior broadcast journalism students at the University of Montana School of Journalism and Department of Radio-Television. The students work in Don Anderson Hall and produce the news segments in the Don Oliver Television Studios. UM News airs weekly during Autumn Semester on KPAX-TV and ABC Montana. Meet this years staff:
Maria Anderson came to the University of Montana from Kent, Washington to study journalism and Spanish. She hopes to find a career in sports broadcasting, where she utilizes both degrees to share unique stories of athletes.
Meghan Bourassa is a senior at the university. Currently working for ABC FOX Montana as a weather anchor; she enjoys being in the outdoors no matter if it's hot out, raining, or snowing.
Drew Cox-Koulman is a senior at the School of Journalism. He plans on graduating next spring.
Meri DeMarois was born and raised in Missoula, MT. She went to Sentinel High School where she worked for Spartan TV and PBS NewsHour Student Reporting Labs before graduating in 2014 and continuing on to the University of Montana School of Journalism. She's had work aired on PBS NewsHour, and has won several awards for her packages. Meri likes fresh flower bouquets, ghost hunting, and Montana Mules.
Tiffany Folkes is a senior from Duvall, Washington studying broadcast journalism. When she isn't juggling work and class, you can find her editing videos and photos at coffee shops or hiking up a mountain. Her future aspirations include creating environmental documentaries, hiking the PCT and owning a tiny house.
Alex Kim
Aunica Koch is a senior from Bozeman, Montana studying broadcast journalism. She aspires to be a National Football League sideline reporter, preferably for the Denver Broncos. When she's not focused on football, she loves spending time with her husband and two pugs. Aunica graduates in the spring of 2017.
Matthew Skillman is a senior at UM from Ennis, Montana. This past summer he was an intern reporting for ABC-Fox Montana. Matthew is also enrolled in the Army ROTC program at UM. When he graduates in spring 2018, he will have a commission as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army.
Wayne Stevenson is a senior from Hobson, Montana. After transferring to UM, he got deeply involved in the J-School. He is focusing on broadcast, and after graduation plans to either pursue a law degree or work in television news as a reporter.
DJ Stewart is a senior in the UM broadcast program. He hopes to pursue a career in sports broadcasting after school. In addition to UM news, he also works at ABC Fox Montana where he shoots, edits, and writes for the sports shows and at SWX Montana where he does graphics, camera and producing for their live broadcast games. In his spare time, he enjoys long walks on the beach and dipping French fries in Wendy's frosties because it's weird if you don't do that.
Mederios Whitworth-Babb was born in raised in Butte, America. She is a senior and is set to graduate in December 2017 with a major in journalism and a minor in business administration. Mederios is an ambitious reporter who loves to find and share other people's stories. In her spare time, she enjoys hiking, skiing, playing tennis, and most importantly watching NFL football. Her dream is to one day become a sideline reporter for the NFL, where she would give injury updates and interview the coaches and players.
Natasha is a Montana native from the beautiful Flathead valley. She came to study RTV production journalism and media arts at U-m because she hopes to work in film or make documentaries. She is currently interning for the Big Sky Film Institute and hopes to travel when she graduates in the spring of 2018. In her spare time she enjoys all forms of entertainment, spending time with friends and family, and playing with the "cutest puppy in the world" Kozmo.


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Delectably self-basting chicken that's slow roasted on a spit has been hot in the retail segment for many years, but it's now becoming a restaurant darling, as well. Save for Boston Market, fried chicken is the dominant poultry of the major chain players. However, there is an abundance of emerging chains focused on rotisserie chicken, the most buzzed about perhaps being the South Africa-based, U.K. phenomenon Nando's.
Here are some other fast movers serving up rotisserie chicken:
- Zankou Chicken
- Cowboy Chicken
- Zea Rotisserie & Grill
- Bantam + Biddy
- Chicken Shop
- The Charcoal Grill and Rotisserie
- Chicken Out Rotisserie
According to Technomic's MenuMonitor data, incidence of rotisserie chicken dishes on menus of emerging, regional and local chains and independents increased about 6% in the past two years.
As shown in the below exhibit, garlic, barbecue and sweet flavors are the most noteworthy among rotisserie chicken dishes on these types of restaurants' menus. And nearly 6% of all rotisserie chicken dishes on these menus feature Hispanic preparations, from AJ's Burger & Peruvian Chicken's Pollo Saltado to Favela Cubana's Frango Ipanema.
Top Flavors in Rotisserie Chicken Dishes
Here are some particularly interesting ways rotisserie chicken is being menued:
- Boston Market's limited-time BLT Rotisserie Chicken Burger features chunks of the chain's signature rotisserie chicken, thick-cut applewood-smoked bacon, lettuce, tomato and roasted garlic-avocado aïoli on a sesame brioche bun
- Emerging chain Velvet Taco's Backdoor Chicken meal consists of a whole seasoned rotisserie chicken, two sides of elote-style corn, six corn tortillas and Roasted Corn, Pico de Gallo and Heat Sauces. Its special Backdoor Chicken pick-up window stays open as late as 4 a.m.
- Emerging chain Bandera serves an Apricot Glazed Rotisserie Chicken with mashed potatoes
- In Lake Buena Vista, FL, Wolfgang Puck Grand Cafe menus a Pesto Rotisserie Chicken with crispy potatoes, arugula and cherry tomato salad
- Independent restaurant Edmund's Oast in Charleston, SC, features a Farm Chicken dish with roasted chicken breast, smoked thigh, shiitake mushrooms, polenta, mustard greens and jus
Velvet Taco's Backdoor Chicken meal
Rotisserie chicken has yet to reach its peak at restaurants. Diners can expect to see a greater number of larger roasted chicken portions trending on menus, including whole birds to share, as well as chickens stuffed with herbs, vegetables or seafood. Ethnic rotisserie chicken preps will span continents, and bold, spicy or sweet seasonings and flavors will continue to differentiate concepts from one another.
Operators should do their research and find out which type of roasted chicken works best for their concept and core audience. They can add it to a sandwich, top a salad or serve it as a center dish. They can also promote a housemade seasoning blend or local garnish to further differentiate.


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As summer approaches, parents are likely looking for the perfect activity to keep their children's minds and bodies active.
Methodist... READ MORE
As summer approaches, parents are likely looking for the perfect activity to keep their children's minds and bodies active.
Methodist... READ MORE
Musical-lovers have likely heard songs by Stephen Sondheim in showstoppers like "Sweeney Todd," "West Side Story," and "Into the Woods."
But... READ MORE
Methodist University recently received two Project Support grants from the Arts Council of Fayetteville/Cumberland County. The Council gave a $7,500... READ MORE
The University flags were lowered and a wreath placed in The William F. Bethune Center for Visual Arts Thursday, Sept. 14 in memory of William "Bill" F... READ MORE
Davis Memorial Library will celebrate the 50th anniversary of its Lafayette collection by displaying letters, ceramics, medals, snuff boxes and other... READ MORE
Methodist University will host the spring 2017 senior art exhibition, "UNTITLED No. 5," from April 21 to 28 in the David McCune International Art... READ MORE
This month, Methodist University will present "The Great American Trailer Park Musical," featuring an all-student cast. The musical will run from Feb.... READ MORE
Several events will be held during the month of February in celebration of Black History Month. All events are free and open to the public unless... READ MORE
The Methodist University Friends of Music is bringing the Outback to Fayetteville with Didg Revolution, an aboriginal music and culture group.
The David McCune International Art Gallery at Methodist University will host a photography exhibit, "Impressionism to Modernism: Masterworks of Early... READ MORE


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Policy instruments for environmental and natural resource management
Sterner, T.
MetadataShow full item record
As Thomas Sterner points out, the economic toolkit for dealing with environmental problems has become formidable. It includes taxes, charges, permits, deposit-refund systems, labeling, and other information disclosure mechanisms. Though not all these devices are widely used, empirical application has started within some sectors, and we are beginning to see the first systematic efforts at an advanced policy design that takes due account of market-based incentives.


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After waking from her intoxicated sleep and realizing that Phra Rothsain had left, Maeree followed Phra Rothsain to the bank of a river. She begged Phra Rothsain, who was already standing on the other bank, to return. Although Phra Rothsain felt pity for Maeree, he decided to continue his journey for he felt obligated to return to his parents.
Seeing for certain that her husband would not come back with her, Maeree fell into despair. She prayed to be together with Phra Rothsain again in her next life, and died from being heartbroken.
Phra Rothsain travelled safely back to Kutaranakorn. On hearing what had happened, Giantess Sonthamarn fell into deep sorrow and died in her chamber. Phra Rothsain rushed to meet his mother and his 11 aunts in the tunnel, and brought with him their eyes and the medicine to cure their sight.
After recovering from blindness, Phra Rothsain brought the Twelve Maidens to King Rothsithi's court. Phra Rothsain told King Rothsithi all the truth about the disguised Giantess and all her evildoings. Grieving his mistakes, King Rothsithi tearfully apologized to the Twelve Maidens. He then reappointed them as his consorts.
Phra Rothsain went back to the bank of the river where Maeree's deceased body lay. Realizing that there was nothing he could do to bring his beloved wife back to life, he ended his life by holding his breath and followed her to the world of the dead.
Kraithong & Chalawan In the town of Pichit, there lived Chalawan, the King Crocodile, who was so powerful that he could not be pierced or killed by any man-made weapon. Chalawan lived in a golden cave underneath the waters of Pichit, where on entering the cave, Chalawan would assume magical powers that allow him to take the form of a handsome man. In the guise of his good looks, Chalawan maintained his malicious ways.
One day while hunting for food as a crocodile, Chalawan spied on two beautiful young sisters by the name of Tapao Kaew and Tapao-Thong, daughters of the rich man Kham. The two sisters were bathing in front of their house. Chalawan was captivated by the remarkable beauty of Tapao-Thong and he immediately swam over to the girl. He caught Tapao Thong in his mouth and swam back to his cave beneath the waters.
While held captive in the King Crocodile's mouth, Tapao Thong lost consciousness. Chalawan made efforts to bring her around. Tapao Thong woke up surprised to find herself in a most magnificent cave. When turned to see Chalawan as a human, she became shy of the handsome man before her. Chalawan, seeing his chance, began courting her until she fell in love with him and became his wife.
Meanwhile, the rich man Kham announced to the townsfolk that whoever succeeded in killing Chalawan and brought back his daughter safely shall win her hand in marriage and a share in his riches.
Ayutthaya Klong Sa Bua Floating Market & Water Theatre
44 Moo 5 Tambol Klong Sabua, Amphor Phranakorn Sri Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand,


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A BUSINESSMAN was attacked at knife-point by a ruthless robber who lay in wait for him in his office doorway.
The 59-year-old accountant was locking his office when the robber held a knife to his throat and marched him back inside the building and forced to open the safe.
The robber then escaped with a small amount of cash in the victim's Peugeot car.
The businessman was uninjured but said to be shaken by his ordeal.
Police are now studying pictures from closed-circuit TV cameras near the victim's office on the A6 in Stockport town centre in a bid to identify the knifeman.
They are also appealing for anyone who saw anyone acting suspiciously in the area near Stockport College at about 7pm on Monday to come forward.
The attacker is described as white, about five feet 11ins tall and aged 25-30. He is slim and wore a navy blue jacket and jeans.
Anyone with information is asked to call Stockport CID on 0161 856 9740 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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Presentation: Caution curves ahead! Modelling vehicle speed and road curvature with GIS
Dale Harris, Senior Consultant, Interpret Geospatial Solutions
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5 Things You Will Learn
- A methodology for identifying curves on a road centreline (start, end and radius)
- How speeds can be modelled on a road centreline using spatial analysis
- How the using geospatial techniques to identify high risk curves is being used for a range of road safety applications
- How the identification of high risk curves is being used for a range of road safety applications
- How combining spatial road safety data into a single web viewer supports multi-agency road safety collaboration.
Target Audience
Geospatial and transport professionals with an interest in road safety, curvature analysis, linear referencing or advanced geoprocessing techniques.
Presentation Overview
On low volume road networks, where crashes tend to be sporadic and unpredictable, traditional GIS-based risk assessment methods that rely on crash history can be unreliable. As part of a NZ Transport Agency project, the ability to assess road risk using GIS tools and road geometry was explored and a new GIS-based risk assessment methodology was developed. This presentation will demonstrate a new methodology for identifying high risk curves using geospatial tools to identify curves, calculate curve radii, and model driver behaviour (acceleration and deceleration) along a road centreline. The results of this analysis displayed a high correlation between high risk curves and the occurrence of loss-of-control crashes. This vehicle speed model also has the potential to revolutionise how operating speeds are mapped on New Zealand roads. To identify curves and calculate curve radii, a high-quality road centreline was analysed using linear referencing tools. Vehicle speeds along the centreline were then calculated in Python based on observed driver behaviour, including acceleration on straights and deceleration through curves. Two outputs were generated: a vehicle operating speed dataset and a high-risk curve dataset. The vehicle speed dataset predicts speed in both directions at 10m intervals. The high-risk curve dataset identifies and classifies curves by risk category (no limit, desirable, undesirable, unacceptable). The methodology extracted and classified almost 7000 curves across 1500km of road network. When analysed against actual crash locations, it was found that 67% of crashes occurred on 20% of curves classified as 'high risk' in at least one direction. These results have been shared with the local road controlling authorities and will be used to prioritise road safety improvements. The vehicle speed model is also being used as a high-quality alternative to commercial probe-based (eg GPS) operating speed datasets.
Dale is a Senior Consultant at Christchurch-based Interpret Geospatial Solutions. She has a background in both practical GIS applications as well as transport policy and research. Her core strengths include advanced geoprocessing workflows and web GIS.


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I'm not ladies man by any means, and relationships are not cornerstone of my life, but they are still very important and even more so to other people, so i wanted to share my 2 cents on the topic. If you haven't guessed already, i'm a male, relatively young, in my twenties, freshly out of college and into 9-5 job. Now that we have covered my biography, let's dive in straight to the topic : how do i conduct the art of relationships? How do i choose women to approach, or do i approach to them at all? I'll answer to all of these questions in following paragraph.
Spoiler alert, i don't approach women. I let them approach me. I know this is against everything you read- that men are supposed to be the providers and the ones with confidence chasing the prey. I've heard and tried all that, and believe me, it doesn't work. I wouldn't state that it doesn't work if i wasn't sure and only from my own experience, but i've heard a lot of guys' take on this and know what i'm talking about. Part of those statements are true, but it certainly doesn't mean that you're supposed to chase women like a dog. Instead, my philosophy is that you should work on making yourself the best version of yourself you can possibly be, and making yourself available to them to approach you. How do you do that? Instead of spending hours thinking of ways to trick women into sleeping with you, or watching videos about it, just go to the gym and lose that extra pounds you have on, do some exercises to have at least somewhat muscular body. And that's the perfect ratio by the way. It's common misconception that women are attracted to the size of the muscles, but i think they're more attracted to the guys who are willing to work out to become better, by taking charge of their lives. So even if you show slight hints of workout, they'll be attracted to you, because they'll know you're not the kind of a guy who sits on his butt all day. And by making yourself available, i mean smiling and keeping open body language when you meet them. That's crucial too, because they are just as scared of rejection as you or me. So breaking down that barrier and expressing that you appreciate their attention can do wonders for giving them courage to approach you. But even if they don't, but you're really into the particular girl, you can always give them your phone number. If they do text you, it's great, but even if they don't, at least you got the closure.


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All eyes on Toronto Blue Jays' Marcus Stroman
Confident hurler ready to go against the Texas Rangers
It's the biggest game in more than 20 years for the Toronto Blue Jays, and the team is putting the ball in the hands of second-year pro Marcus Stroman.
Good idea? Postmedia's Rob Longley and Mike Ganter discuss the do-or-die Jays-Texas Rangers game.
Read more Articles from Canada.com
twitter.com/thecanadacom © COPYRIGHT - POSTMEDIA NEWS


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About 18 months ago, the perfect storm of events happened to call me into a higher level of leadership than I knew I had within me. I wasn't really able to talk about much of it until now because 1) I was in it and just trying to keep my head above water while it… Read More
The Story of My Deepest, Darkest Money Mistakes and Learning the Hard-way So You Can Get Business Money Smart
I knew nothing about business when I first went into practice for myself. Reluctant entrepreneur, anyone? Yep, that was me. But after three years at a law firm, seeing my life get sucked away in billable hours, I had to make the leap. And it was terrifying. Especially the money part. Because I barely had… Read More


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Date: October 23, 2016 Posted in: Commentary Comments: 0
Everything has changed when it comes to owning a small business in today's world with the rise of technology and social media. It takes a lot to run a business and to become successful but there are a few things that you can do. First, join a mastermind group, build a virtual team, join local groups and take a class.
Key Takeaways:
"Even a strong and confident entrepreneur craves connection to battle self-limiting beliefs and magical thinking."
Constraint Breaker


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Arthog, LL39 - OIRO £499,000
Cyfannedd Uchaf is a stone built farmhouse dating back to about 1816, with later additions of rendered brick and block, under a tiled roof. The property is made up of the farmhouse, two stone buildings and approx 0.95 acres of land.
**There is also an option to purchase stone barn, woods and grazing land amounting to approx 10.41 acres for a guide price of £50,000**.
The unit is registered with the Soil Association as an organic holding. There are no occupancy restrictions.
It has the benefit of full double glazing, solar panel and a wind turbine which provide (free) electricity direct to the property and also feeds into the National Grid attracting index linked, tax free income for approximately the next 20 years (details on application).
The property is on foothills of the Cader Idris mountain range in an outstanding elevated positon with spectacular and rarely found views of the Lleyn Peninsula, Cardigan Bay and the Mawddach Estuary.
...Read Less
|Front Porch
|2.46m x 1.27m (8'1" x 4'2")
Upvc double glazed windows, Upvc panels to sill level, slate flag flooring, exposed stone wall. Wooden front door into:
|Hall/Reception Room
|6.48m x 6.02m (21'3" x 19'9")
Window to front, squint window to side with original feature c17 stone sink at base, exposed beams, stone inglenook with oak lintel housing wood burning stove on a slate hearth, oak parquet flooring, 3 wall lights, under-stairs cupboard, fire/smoke alarm. 2 radiators. Split staircase to first floor. Doors into:
|2nd Reception Room
|4.19m x 3.00m (13'9" x 9'10")
Window to front, radiator, carpet.
|3.07m x 1.88m (10'1" x 6'2")
Window to rear, shelving, marble slab. (has potential for a downstairs shower room) cushion flooring.
|Rear Hallway
|5.26m x 1.52m (17'3" x 5'0")
Window to rear porch, door into rear porch, non-slip flooring, telephone point. Doors into:
|Dining Room
|3.38m x 3.99m (11'1" x 13'1")
Currently used as study. Window to front, hatch into kitchen, radiator, carpet.
|Kitchen/Breakfast Room
|4.62m x 3.61m (15'2" x 11'10")
Window to front, 2 windows to side, 10 wall units, 12 base units under work-tops, ceramic sink and drainer, integral oven, 4 ring LPG gas hob, space for automatic washing machine, space for dryer/dishwasher, 'Rayburn Royal' oil fired cooking range which heats the water and can serve the radiators, carpet tiles. 1 x Wind Turbine Inverter - 1 x Solar panel Inverter - 1 x 559 Relay. 1 x Wind Turbine Inverter - 1 x Solar panel Inverter - 1 x 559 Relay.
|Downstairs w/c
|Frosted window to rear, low level w/c., wash hand basin, also housing private water supply U.V. unit and filter, heated towel rail, cushion flooring.
|Rear Porch
|1.75m x 2.79m (5'9" x 9'2")
Upvc windows, Upvc panels to sill level, Polycarbonate roof, door out to rear of house, concrete block flooring.
|2.01m x 11.33m (6'7" x 37'2")
Upstairs to left landing and right landing, window on split landing.
|Left Landing
|Two window to rears, access to roof space, linen cupboard, fire/smoke alarm, carpet.
Doors into:
|South Bedroom (1)
|5.51m x 4.80m (18'1" x 15'9")
Refurbished 2017 : Window to front with views of Mawddach Estuary, window to side with open countryside views, fire/smoke alarm, TV, Satellite, network and HDMI points, oak skirting and sills, carpet, radiator, TV point. Vestibule into en-suite
|En-suite Bathroom
|2.54m x 2.18m (8'4" x 7'2")
Refurbished 2017: Window to side, oak sills, fully tiled walls, walk in double shower with electric shower, vanitory wash hand basin with 2 cupboards and 3 drawers, low level W.C., tiled flooring.
|Office/Bedroom 2
|3.40m x 2.16m (11'2" x 7'1")
Window to front, built-in double airing cupboard housing insulated hot water cylinder , access to roof space, carpet. 20 double sockets - 5 network points,
|Bedroom 3 - Refurbished 2016
|4.29m x 4.06m (14'1" x 13'4")
Low window to front, exposed beam, built-in double wardrobe, fire/smoke alarm, network points, TV point, satellite point, oak skirting, carpet. Oak door into:
|En-suite Shower Room
|1.65m x 1.68m (5'5" x 5'6")
Fully tiled walls, shower cubicle with electric shower, glass shelves, vanitory hand wash basin, low level WC, extractor fan, heated towel rail, demisting illuminated mirror with clock, shaving socket, tiled flooring
|Right Landing
|Window to rear, fire/smoke alarm, carpet
Oak door into:
|Bedroom 4 - Refurbished 2016
|4.88m x 5.11m (16'0" x 16'9")
1 low window to front, oak sills and skirting, fire/smoke alarm, TV and network points, carpet. Oak door into:
|En-Suite Shower Room
|1.91m x 1.88m (6'3" x 6'2")
1 Low window to front, fully tiled walls, double shower cubicle with electric shower, pedestal hand wash basin, low level WC, demisting wall mirror with surround lighting, shaver socket, fitted 3 drawer cupboard, tiled flooring.
|Master Bedroom - Refurbished 2016
|5.56m x 6.81m (18'3" x 22'4")
Windows to front, window to rear, 3 metre wide picture window with spectacular views of Lleyn Peninsula, Cardigan Bay, Mawddach Estuary to side, Welsh oak cill, access to roof space, TV point, telephone point, 2 satellite points, 4 network points, welsh oak skirting, fire/smoke alarm, carpet. Door into :
|En-suite Shower Room
|2.36m x 2.31m (7'9" x 7'7")
Window to front, fully tiled walls, walk-in electric shower, vanitory unit, low level w/c., illuminated double bathroom cabinet with demisting mirrors and shaving socket, tiled floor
|6.76m x 4.45m (22'2" x 14'7")
Window to side, concrete floor, electricity, timber double garage doors.
|Out Buildings - 2 Linked Barns
|10.67m x 4.88m (35'0" x 16'0")
Stone built, felted roof, electricity.
|Barn 1 - Used as a woodstore
|Solar Panels to the roof.
|Barn 2
|Double doors into main part, internal door into back of barn, entrance to Barn 1 and rear door to small grassed area at south end of the property
|Lawn areas to front and sides, recently resurfaced drive way to front, concrete path to side and rear. Approximately 0.95 acres of land.
|Mains - Electric, Septic Tank, Private Water, Solar Panels, Windmill.
Descriptions of the property are subjective and are used in good faith as an opinion and NOT as a statement of fact. Please make further specific enquires to ensure that our descriptions are likely to match any expectations you may have of the property. We have not tested any services, systems or appliances at this property. We strongly recommend that all the information we provide be verified by you on inspection, and by your Surveyor and Conveyancer.


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4 Buzzing Big Data Analytics Positions in major IT Industries
With the possibility that analytics can transform a business, major IT companies are racing with each other to build a robust big data analytics portfolio. Why so? To let every business user think that there is something for everyone.
This concept in turn has resulted in the creation of particular big data analytics positions within IT product companies as well as IT consulting firms.
According to the data of timesJobs, big firms like Wipro, HP, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Honeywell, Fractal Analytics and Symphony Teleca seem to stay away from the term data scientist, which has been claimed as the hottest position of the 21st Century. They are breaking it down into particular job roles which are as follows:
Big Data Developers: They are the programmers with proven skills in writing high-optimised, high-quality, high-performance and supportable codes.
Skills Sets Needed
Big Data Test Engineers: On this position a big data engineer is responsible to work closely with the design team to build test cases and execute manual testing for big data solutions.
Skill Sets needed
Predictive Analytics Consultants: This is an in-demand position in IT consulting companies. The role calls for big data experts who can leverage analytics tools for particular business decision-making purposes where they will be preparing, analysing and picking insights in an effective yet error-free manner with the help of statistical, machine learning as well as optimisation techniques.
Skills Sets Needed
Big Data Technology Leads: It needs know-how of different industries, the big data analytics needs, the kind of data produced, types of algorithms that has to be run and the capability to suggest optimal solutions.
Skills Sets Needed
So, if you want to get any of the hottest positions, get yourself enrolled in Hadoop training courses in any of reliable Hadoop training institutes in Delhi.
on latest technology from Madrid Software Training
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YouPix.org – Where Scripts get a Shot!©
We PRODUCE a winning screenplay every competition!
Our Short Film contest winners DIRECT a winning feature script!
"YouPix is simply the BEST SCREENPLAY AND SHORT FILM COMPETITION in the Universe." ≈ God
Why YouPix?
Writers don't write scripts to watch them languish on a shelf alongside their dusty plastic trophies! What's the fun in that? Writers write scripts to see their Movies on the silver screen!
Every aspiring Director hopes that someone - anyone will notice their short films and "give them a shot" at directing a feature film. Fat chance. Your chances of really making it in Hollywood are abysmal at best.
We decided to fix this. And it's a simple idea. The Script Angels at YouPix PRODUCE a winning screenplay every competition using the Short Film contest winners to DIRECT the feature script! We are the best screenplay and short film competition ever!
We PRODUCE our winning Screenplays!
1) If you win one of our script competitions, we will buy your Screenplay and shoot your MOVIE! (Up to $500k budget. Your odds of winning are astounding!)
2) We also offer an exclusive script database that is searchable only by active Development Executives. (Your first script submission is free, BTW.)
Our Short Film winners DIRECT our Movies!
1) If your Short Film is amazing, and it resonates with the exclusive YouPix audience, your talent will be noticed – both by peers in the competition AND by active Development Executives.
2) If you win one of our competitions, we will hire you to DIRECT A MOVIE! (Up to $500k budget, and your odds of winning are unparalleled!)
YouPix gives you a REAL shot at making YOUR MOVIE!
The YouPix Premise:
- Writers submit scripts with a SUBMISSION FEE.
- Writers read & fairly critique 1 SCRIPT and 3 SHORT FILMS.
- Writers receive multiple critiques – from fellow Writers and from Directors.
- TOP SCRIPTS are submitted to an ADVISORY BOARD of established Directors, Writers, Producers, and Industry Luminaries for final analysis and judging.
- The CHOSEN SCRIPT is PRODUCED by teaming up with the CHOSEN DIRECTOR for Production.
- Directors submit short films (no longer than 20 min.) with a SUBMISSION FEE.
- DIRECTORS READ & FAIRLY CRITIQUE 3 SCRIPTS and 1 SHORT FILM.
- TOP SHORT FILMS are submitted to an ADVISORY BOARD of established Directors, Writers, Producers, Producers, and Industry Luminaries for analysis and judging.
- TOP 10 DIRECTORS are interviewed by the ADVISORY BOARD for FINAL CUT.
- CHOSEN DIRECTOR shoots the CHOSEN SCRIPT.
The YouPix Backstory:
The idea of YouPix.org was born out of our frustrations with the current state of the Indie Film business model. Over the last decade there has been a decline in Indie Films investment by major Hollywood production companies. The decline is due to many reasons, but the most importantly, the old business model DOES NOT WORK! The vast majority of the Indie Films do not make money – so why invest? Too much risk.
If you are a passionate Indie Filmmaker – finding the money to make your film is nearly impossible. Unless your rich Aunt invented bubble gum, odds are you're not going to make your movie. YouPix is your answer.
The YouPix BreakDown:


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Every day, individuals suffer personal injuries for a variety of reasons. The injuries can involve any part of the body and range from those less serious to those that devastating and change a person's life. All personal injuries have the potential to inflict upon a victim physical and mental suffering, as well as the loss of income or ability to work in the future. An individual may be left with unpaid medical expenses which have to be paid.
Those victims who sustain personal injuries may be entitled to compensation for all or some of the damages they have suffered. Without the assistance of an attorney experienced in personal injury matters, it is likely that an injury victim will not receive the full compensation to which he or she is entitled.
Our attorneys handle personal injury claims on a regular basis and know how to maximize your monetary recovery, whether by settlement or trial. The types of cases for which we offer you our representation are listed below:
For quality and caring representation by professional Union County attorneys serving clients throughout New Jersey, please contact Schiller & Pittenger, P.C. at (908) 490-0444. Initial consultations in personal injury matters are always free of charge.


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This programme is conducted in a collaboration with Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL). The Business Administration programme at IUKL is unique in its approach to management, leadership, and entrepreneurship in the business profession. This programme prepares students for management positions or professional careers in fields such as marketing, finance, entrepreneurship, management, or human resource management.
Entry Requirements
- 2 STPM passes with minimum PNGK of 2.00 or Gred C in two subjects
- 2 passes in A-Levels
- Pass Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) with 5Bs
- Pass Diploma
- Any other equivalent qualifications
Course Duration
- 3 years
Special Feature
- Three specialization: Management, Marketing and Human Resource Management
- Structure: Coursework and Examinations
- Approved by MQA
- Industry driven syllabus
- PTPTN loan available
- Subjects exemptions for Diploma students
- Career opportunities: Sales and Marketing, Human Resources, Banking and Finance, Corporate Administration, Entrepreneur, Business Development, Research and Development, Corporate Strategies
Year 1
Mata Pelajaran Umum (General Subject), Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Business Mathematics, Introduction to E-Commerce, Introduction to Financial Accounting, Introduction to Statistics, Office Application Technology, Organizational Management, Report Writing, Interactive Skills
Year 2
Basic Entrepreneurship, Business Ethics, Business Law, Financial Management, Cost Accounting, Research Methods, Marketing Management, Operations Management, Organizational Behavior, Professional Communication, Major Electives I & II
Year 3
Strategic Management, Knowledge Management, International Business, Major Electives III & IV, Free Electives, Industrial Training/Project Paper I & II
KL Campus – Intake day: 4th June 2018
The University of London is unlike many other universities. It consists of 18 independent member institutions with outstanding global reputations and several prestigious central academic bodies and activities. The Member Institutions are considered universities in their own right; they set their own entrance criteria for their courses and they offer their own services to students. ATC's Certificate in Business Studies is accepted by UOL for their BSc degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and Social Sciences.
IUKL being the foremost infrastructure university in Malaysia, which emphasizes the integration of both hard and soft aspects of infrastructure, aspire to produce technopreneurs and skilled manpower with outstanding communication, technological and managerial skills. The strength of Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur today stems from its rich history. For more than 15 years, IUKL has been providing quality education and excellent professional services in various fields of infrastructure.
York St John is the oldest higher education institution in York and has been at the forefront of Teaching and Education for over 175 years. York St John University offers you the opportunity to study for a high quality degree in the heart of the beautiful city of York. We offer our students and staff personal opportunities to learn and grow – both academically and individually – and this is facilitated by the high levels of student-staff interaction within our community. We pride ourselves in identifying and developing potential in all our students and staff. Upon completion of ATC's Diploma in Management or Diploma in Marketing, students can opt to continue their Degree program at York St John University
At UWE Bristol, we use our experience to provide high quality teaching and research with real world impact to shape higher education and research policy for the benefit of our students and business and civic partners. We innovate together, learn from each other and support every member to transform lives and deliver growth. The University of the West of England in Bristol, United Kingdom is marking its longstanding partnership with Universities and Colleges in South East (SE) Asia with a tour of Malaysia and Vietnam, ATC being one of them. Upon completion of ATC's Diploma in Management or Diploma in Marketing, students can opt to continue their Degree program at UWE.


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Hundreds of people turned up at an Oxnard beach Sunday to pay their last respects to Tillman, an English bulldog whose surfing and skateboarding videos made him a social media sensation.
Approximately 200 people, some bringing along their pets, paid tribute to Tillman during the "memorial paddle out" as the beloved dog's owner, Ron Davis, placed his ashes on a surfboard and sent it out to sea for one final time.
"Tillman, you know, he's a special dog," Davis told CBS Los Angeles. "And a lot of people, he put a smile on a lot of people's faces and the world is gonna miss him, I think."
Tillman reportedly passed away last week at the age of 10. Since his passing, tributes have poured in from all over the world. ESPN ran a special tribute to Tillman last week.
The English bulldog surfed, snowboarded and skateboarded his way into the hearts of thousands over a decade. Tillman's YouTube videos have racked up hundreds of thousands of hits, and the pooch's Facebook page boasted 370,000 followers.


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To book this cottage, please fill out the online form. Alternatively, you can fill out our printable application form and email it to reservations (@)ontariocottagerentals (dot)com or fax it to 705-788-3728. We will contact you regarding availability once the application form has been received.
Check-in: Friday after 4:00pm
Check-out: Friday before 10:00am
Couchiching Cottage, located on the beautiful Lake Couchiching, near Orillia, is an easy hour-and-a-half's drive from Toronto. With its two-acre property with flat trim-grassed lawns and shallow easy entrance into the lake, it is truly a vacation home away from home.
This spacious five-bedroom, four-bathroom cottage has a unique feature: it offers two separate suites, each with a bedroom, private living area and ensuite bathroom! The master bedroom suite is located on the main floor; and the second suite is located in the upstairs loft. For grandparents, parents or couples desiring a separate area to sit and relax, one of the two suites will offer extra privacy - truly a family holiday.
The master bedroom contains a queen-sized bed, three piece ensuite washroom and a sitting room that can be used for web browsing or reading. A natural gas fireplace is located in the master bedroom adding to the comfortable suite feel. The loft is located above the garage, and has a queen sized bed, four-piece ensuite and a living area with a couch, chairs, television and fireplace. The third bedroom is located off of the kitchen, with a queen-size bed, four-piece ensuite and television in the bedroom. There are two more bedrooms, one with two single beds and one with a bunk bed (both singles) making them the perfect space for children. The fourth bathroom is a four-piece and is located close to the single rooms.
Couchiching Cottage's living room incorporates a spacious and open concept. The whole cottage contains beautiful hardwood flooring and pine interior. The living room is fully equipped with a television, DVD, VCR, and cable. Cottagers can relax on a couch or loveseat by the natural gas fireplace, or turn on the air conditioning to keep cool on those hot summer nights. In a corner of the living room is a little table perfect for card and board games.
The kitchen, which is open onto the dining room, is fully equipped for cooking, baking and spending time with everyone. It contains a beautiful granite island countertop and blue stained cupboards adding character. This beautiful and open space includes a gas stove, oven, microwave, and dishwasher.
The main dining area is open to the kitchen and living room and contains a wall of windows allowing natural light to bounce off the room and bring life and the cottage feel to the space. The dining table seats six people and is a great space for the whole family to gather and laugh at stories from the fun filled day!
Outdoors facing the water, a large deck wraps around the house. This deck provides a great area for sitting and enjoying the scenery. On the deck is brand new natural gas barbecue and picnic table with umbrella offering shade. Because the deck is so large it serves as a great area for spending time with everyone while offering a lovely sunset view perfectly matched with an outdoor dinner and evening drinks. The deck overlooks the large, level and spacious lawn and is perfect for outside activities.
The waterfront offers a shallow entry and provides a safe area for children. The cottage is located on the sandy side of Lake Couchiching which is very shallow. Lake Couchiching is 16 kilometers long, and about 5 kilometers wide; the lake is well known for its fishing in the summer as well as winter ice fishing. The 140-foot dock is about three feet deep at the end with a ladder for easy access into the lake. The cottage's eastern exposure provides sun for cottagers to enjoy all day long out on the dock.
Couchiching Cottage is the perfect place to escape from the hustle and bustle of the city life and enjoy a relaxing vacation in a family friendly, spacious cottage; it is perfect for groups who are looking to enjoy the cottage experience without having to drive numerous hours north. Lake Couchiching Cottage is the perfect "close to the city" cottage experience one can find!
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Urban Toledo Gang
About This Show
Just another WordPress site.Read more »
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Over three years and 200 episodes culminates into the ultimate cut of episodes 100-199 to form the beast that uses a clip from every single one of the last 100 episodes in a beautiful collage of hilarious clips, unique improve songs and high energy fun. Please enjoy our opus. Each bell ding is a new thought. Hopefully this will inspire you to go back and listen to the catalogue and thank you so much for listening! Be sure to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes or where ever you get your podcasts, new episodes every Monday! https://goo.gl/ETUFBYRead more »


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ESCOBA-BIOSPHEREProject ID: ENV4950111
Funded under:
European study of carbon in the ocean, biosphere and the atmosphere.
Project details
Total cost:Not available
EU contribution:Not available
Coordinated in:France
Funding scheme:CSC - Cost-sharing contracts
The long-term goal of ESCOBA is to investigate, quantify, model and eventually predict the behavior of the global carbon cycle in response to the perturbation by man and with respect to its interaction with the physical climate system on timescales of up to several hundred years. The objectives of ESCOBA-Biosphere are to forecast interactions (impacts and feedbacks) between terrestrial biosphere, soils, and climate on global scale. Existing vegetation and soil models developed during the first phase of the project will be validated and run for several years. The improved description and modeling of the main processes that govern the role of vegetation and soils in the carbon cycle will be the main task of the project.
The ESCOBA-Biosphere project will investigate vegetation and soil processes on
time-scales from days to a few years. Terrestrial Biogeochemical Models (TBM) have
been built that account for processes such as photosynthesis, autotrophic and
heterotrophic respiration, carbon allocation, canopy development, and litter formation.
Models will be run with short time steps, typically from hours to day, and further
integrated to predict daily to monthly average of carbon and water exchanges, and
monthly to annual Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Net Ecosystem Productivity
(NEP). As far as possible, basic vegetation and soil processes will be described in a
mechanistic way in order to increase the reliability of the models when they will be run
under different environmental conditions such as increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, changing temperature and precipitation. The main tools for testing this
reliability will be the spatial and interannual variability of climate during the past 10
years and its impact on the carbon cycle as monitored by satellite data, ground
measurements of NPP and CO2 fluxes, and atmospheric CO2 and carbon isotopes
concentration measurements.
The project will improve vegetation and soil processes as well as validation procedures.
Process studies will focus on an improved modeling of the complex impacts of climate
and resources (CO2, water, light, nutrients) on plant growth, litter fall and soil carbon
A specific task is devoted to better understand soil processes (carbon storage and
turnover, erosion, heterotrophic respiration, coupling to TBM). It will be achieved by
collection of data and development of empirical maps and models, and by validation of
soil respiration models on the basis of empirical studies.
The study of human influences on the carbon cycle and ecosystem functioning will be
incorporated, with respect to temperate and boreal forests, with an emphasis on forests
of the EU.
31055 Toulouse
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Tel.: +33-61-558526
Fax: +33-61-558500
67084 Strasbourg
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91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
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91405 Orsay
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Bush returns aboard African Princess for Mass. Oaks
EAST BOSTON, Mass. - Yet another Massachusetts-bred stakes race at Suffolk Downs appears to be at the mercy of an overwhelming favorite, as African Princess heads the $30,000 Massachusetts Oaks on Saturday.
Last week, Jill's Layup was the bridgejumpers' heroine when she won the Amelia Peabody Stakes with over $400,000 backing her in the show pool. African Princess won't be as strongly supported in the Oaks, but she will be a very deserving favorite in the 1 1/16-mile race.
It figures to be a big weekend for African Princess and her trainer Tim Kirby. Regardless of how she performs in the Massachusetts Oaks, she will be awarded a New England Turf Writers Award as the region's top 3-year-old for 2002 on Monday night.
She earned that honor on the strength of her spring campaign, which included a win in the Helena Stakes against open-company rivals. She took the summer off and has lost both starts since returning. After a one-race absence, Vernon Bush will ride her on the Oaks.
Bush rode African Princess in the Elenora Sears Handicap on Nov. 2 when she finished fifth, beaten 10 lengths, in her first start since early June. Most recently, African Princess was an even fifth in an open-company allowance race on Nov. 11 under jockey Dyn Panell.
"She didn't win, but she ran an okay race with open company when I wasn't here," Bush said. "She's matured and she's got tons of talent and ability. She's just got to get into a racing frame of mind."
African Princess holds a special place in Bush's heart because she was his first stakes winner during his comeback from personal difficulties last spring. He has spent the second half of this year riding in Boston and New Jersey.
"It was a great experience for me to get to ride for a lot of great people and to get on some really nice horses," Bush said. "But I'm also looking forward to being back home with my family."
Bush and African Princess are likely to get a fight in the Oaks from Little Time, who is the only other horse in the race with a stakes victory. Trained by Lori Lockhart, Little Time has won three times including the restricted Boston Common Stakes earlier this year.
Of the others in the field, Judge Nancy has won three times, but was claimed for only $5,000 from her last race. Proper Gun has only a maiden victory. Trace the Blush, Sneaky Secret, and Mah Big Lady are all maidens.
* Jockey Joe Hampshire returned from a five-day suspension on Monday and continued his streak of consecutive days with at least one victory. Through Wednesday, Hampshire has won at least one race on the last 19 days he has ridden.
Handicapping contest
Suffolk Downs will hold a handicapping contest next Friday, Nov. 29. There is a $20 entry fee and the contest format will call for win wagers on races from Aqueduct, Churchill Downs, and Hollywood Park. There will be no live racing at Suffolk on the day. The contest will take place in the track's Topsider Room and will be limited to 150 entrants.
* Tickets are still available for Monday's Turf Writers' Dinner at the Danversport Yacht Club in Danvers, Mass. The banquet honors Bob O'Malley, Suffolk Downs chief operating officer; Chris McCarron, retired Hall of Fame jockey; and the region's divisional award winners. It begins at 6:30 p.m. Tickets are $55 and tables of ten are available for a $500 charge. Tickets can be purchased by calling 617-568-3220.


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We are a one-form entry Church of England Primary School in the heart of Oval. Our diverse intake reflects the local area and maintains the feel of a welcoming, close-knit family.
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Science Implies God's Existance
|Voting Style:
|Point System:
|7 Point
|3 years ago
|Post Voting Period
|1,343 times
|Debate No:
Science: The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
Implies: Strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly stated).
God: The sentient, necessary, eternal, omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent being that was the efficient cause of the contingent universe.
Existence: To have objective reality or being.
Rules and Other Debate Information:
Debate format:
R1: Acceptance
R2: My opening arguments followed by Pro's opening arguments (No rebuttals by Pro)
R3: Rebuttals to opening arguments
R4: Defense of your original arguments.
BOP is shared.
No forfeits.
No insults.
No semantics.
Follow the format.
72 Hours to Post Argument.
10,000 Characters Max.
10 day voting period.
7 point voting system.
Open Voting
Posting sources in the comments is allowed.
I will be making arguments that imply the existence of a creator of the universe. I will base my arguments on probabilistic logic. Now I wait for Con to start with his argument.
I would like to thank my opponent for accepting. I haven't done science only arguments debate in a while. My two arguments shall be from the nature of time and cosmology.
The argument formulated in Modus Ponens is,
1: If the universe never began to exist, then God doesn't exist.
2: The universe never began to exist
C: God doesn't exist.
Premise One
Not much time needs to be spent on this one. The premise follows according to our accepted definition. God is the "efficient cause of the contingent universe."
This entails the universe began to exist, otherwise there could be no efficient cause of its existence.
Premise Two
This follows from the scientific evidence of Eternalism.
Causality and time are very interwoven. In order for something to begin to exist, it must first not exist. However, under Eternalism, all states of time exist. There is simply no such thing as an entity not ontologically existing [1]. All events ontologically exist. Therefore, if Eternalism is true, all events exist and nothing can really come into being.
The initial state of the universe would be analogous to inch one on a ruler. The ruler doesn't begin to exist at inch one, as all inchs of the ruler exists. Another analogy is that a state like New York doesn't begin to exist at its border. Its border is just one area in existing space, like the initial state of the universe is just one existing event in time out of many.
This view of time is supported by modern physics.
Equations from special relativity show that the value of T (time) is different depending on your reference frame. Values of T change depending on how close you are approaching the speed of light [2]. This has been observed in the Muon experiment. The Muon's internal clock (decay rate) are different depending on how fast they are moving [3]. Different states of time exist for different observers.
Experiments from quantum mechanics also verify premise two. Observers can choose to entangle particles in the past [4]. The particles don't presently exist, as they've been destroyed. Yet, we can change the past configuration. This entails the past, and future exist (since when the particles existed, the future was determining their state) as well as the present. An even more amazing experiment was done by Ekaterina Moreva. His experiment demonstrated that change is something that's a property within the universe. If we somehow transcended the universe, we wouldn't observe any passage of time, we'd see all states of time [5][6]. Time is something that exists within the universe, external to the universe, all states of time would be observed.
Science heavily supports eternalism, which is incompatible with God's existence. The initial state of the universe has always existed along with all other states of time on a block. It couldn't have begun to exist, and therefore God doesn't exist.
Note that, this argument is NOT claiming the past is infinite. The past can very well be finite and everything still works.
The argument in a Modus Tollens format is,
1: If God exists, the universe is guaranteed to come into existence.
2: The universe wasn't guaranteed to come into existence.
C: God doesn't exist.
Premise One
This premise is modest enough. If God is all powerful, it follows that whatever he wills to happen, must necessarily happen. If God wants the universe to come into being, it will happen regardless of anything else. The alternative is that God didn't want to cause the universe. But, then he is either imperfect (He accidently created the universe) or not omnibenevolent (He didn't care if other beings came to be). Both are not viable solutions
Premise Two
Modern Cosmology shows that the universe might not have came into existence.
If we follow the laws of general relativity into the early universe, it entails that the earliest state of the universe was a singularity [7]. Within a singularity all of the laws of physics break down [8]. It is a completely inanimate state, devoid of order and completely unpredictable. This means there is no guarantee that the universe will come into being. The universe could have just as easily stayed a singularity or vanished entirely.
However, one can object that the laws of general relativity don't include quantum mechanics in its model. This is correct, but the premise still holds. In fact, it's easier to prove the premise with quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is inherently indeterministic. Events in quantum mechanics operate on probability [9]. If quantum mechanics was relevant in the early universe, it too wouldn't have guaranteed the universe's existence.
There are other interpretations of quantum mechanics that remove randomness as a fact of the particles, but these have many problems. They violate Occam's razor by either making topics more complicated than they need to be (Bohmian mechanics does this with spin [10]) or by positing the existence of billions of parallel universes. Furthermore, Bohm's mechanics only interprets the Schrodinger equation, not quantum field theory [11][12]. It is incomplete. It has no "mathematically sound version of quantum field theory." [13] which further indicates that we should use the Copenhagen interpretation.
Lastly, if Quantum cosmology was a sound escape of this argument, it nonetheless isn't a good position for the theist to be in. Hawking's quantum cosmology and the Ali/Das model entail a beginningless universe [14][15]. Loop quantum gravity holds to the big bounce. This means the universe would die out and be reborn forever, the cause of the universe the previous universe[16]. String theory implies the universe came from a symmetry breaking event caused by a quantum fluctuation [17]. They all contradict theism.
Modern cosmology entails the universe might not have existed. If God created the universe, this would be false. Any attempted out like appealing to quantum cosmology only further harms the theist's position.
The resolution is affirmed.
Remember Pro, you don't address these until round 3. You are to give your supporting arguments in this round.
[1] https://books.google.com...
[2] http://www.phy.olemiss.edu...
[3] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu...
[4] http://www.livescience.com...
[7] Robert M. Wald. General Relativity. p. 99.
[8] http://www.hawking.org.uk...
[9] http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com...
[10] http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu...
[11] http://arxiv.org...
[12] http://arxiv.org...
[13] http://www.bohmianmechanics.org...
[15] http://phys.org...
[17] http://www.livescience.com...
Thanks Con.
From scientific study we can observe the great fine tuning of the universe. Which, by statistical logic, highly imply an intelligent cause, not natural processes or mere chance.
The Cosmological Parameters of the Universe:
The list goes on….
The above list is scientific proof universe has many parameters which are finely tuned and by statistical logic imply design. Which imply the existence of God (the designer)
The chances of having so many parameters in the universe fine-tuned are practically nothing. By statistical reasoning, it is not logical to attribute it to mere chance. A better explanation is that these parameters are so finely tuned because the universe was indeed designed.
Origin of Life
The probability of building a 150 amnioacid long protein (very basic) chain is 1 in 10^164.
Universal Probability Bound:
To support statistical reasoning, and show that attributing the universes properties to chance is logically incoherent, I will elaborate on the Universal Probability Bound.
Anything with a lower probability than that of 1 in 10ˆ150 can by logically denied. Based on the following:
10ˆ80, the number of elementary particles in the observable universe.
10ˆ45, the maximum rate per second at which transitions in physical states can occur (the inverse of the Planck time).
10ˆ25, a billion times longer than the typical estimated age of the universe in seconds.
Thus, 10ˆ150 = 10ˆ80 × 10ˆ45 × 10ˆ25. Hence, this value corresponds to an upper limit on the number of physical events that could possibly have occurred since the big bang.
An upper bound on the computational resources of the universe in its entire history. This is estimated by Seth Lloyd as 10ˆ120 elementary logic operations on a register of 10ˆ90 bits
The improbability of the fine-tuning of the universe greatly exceed the plausible limit, thus can be logically denied. By mathematical reason, God is implied by observing the universe.
Statistical reasoning is the basis for scientific inferences, and cannot be ignored.
Thanks Pro.
Fine Tuning
I really wish Pro would've only listed a handful of examples. It simply isn't necessary to list 33 examples when only a few would prove his point. A handful of examples also means he can focus heavily on a few rather than lightly on a lot. Now, to the problems with the argument.
First, the argument concludes God without reason. Why not believe the fine tuning argument is an argument for a multiverse? A multiverse may exist [1], I see no reason we should believe the fine tuning argument is proves God and not a multiverse.
Second, Pro's examples are flawed. When we undergo further investigation into the claims of fine tuning ,we will see that they are bad examples.
He includes examples like G (gravitational constant), C (speed of light), the uncertainty magnitude (although I don't see how that relates to oxygen transport to the cells) and the relativistic dilation factor. All these constants are not dimensionless, meaning they are dependant on units for their value [2]. Relativity and quantum mechanics have no dimensionless constants [2], and therefore they are "arbitrary human conventions. As long as you stick with some choice or other you will do okay." [3]. There is nothing to tune, since it's arbitrary.
The other forces of the universe don't seem to be fine tuned either. The universe can exist without weak interaction [4] and Dr. Victor Stenger points out that the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force can compensate for each other.
"If ε is too small to overcome the electrical repulsion of protons, then we can simply lower the value of α"
As you can see, this allows quite a variation. Not as tight as Pro wishes to convey. This shows Pro's arguments hold the assumption that constants exist in a vacuum, when in reality some constants would be changed to compensate. This assumption is also prevalent in the big bang ripples example, but we'll get to those later.
Furthermore, the values of these forces isn't constant. The fine structure constant "….only holds for low energies, and α, like the strength parameters of the strong and weak forces, varies with energy." [6]
Strong interaction actually isn't constant even at lower energies. It possesses asymptotic freedom [6].
Another problem with Pro's examples, is that they don't take into account that some parameters are fixed by certain laws of physics.
The ratio of various particles to other particles for example is the result of charge conservation [7][8]. The expansion rate of the universe, the mass density of the universe, and the uniformity of radiation must be the way it is by cosmic inflation [9]. By the second law of thermodynamics, the current entropy of the universe was determined by the previous entropy state [10] . The initial entropy state has "...a constraint, WEYL = 0 (or something very like this) at initial space-time singularities and this seems to be what confines the Creator's choice to this very tiny region of phase space. [state of low entropy]" [11]. The entropy state, mass density, uniformity, nor the expansion rate of the universe is fine tuned, but merely a result of cosmological physics.
Some of the examples can be explained by a cosmological natural selection. The average distance between stars for example seems to be fine tuned because stars which form too close or to far away wouldn't form any life giving planet. Any planet like Earth which can hold life will have the perfect amount of density and distance. It isn't an example of fine tuning, but of a cosmic natural selection. Same goes for The supernovae and white dwarf examples. Where life exists, it follows these would be observed.
The examples hold the assumption that carbon based life like ours is the only life than can exist. This is shown by the water molecule example, 12C to 16O ratio, 4He ground state, and many of the examples listed in the above paragraph. Nothing prohibits different types of biochemical life that would be compatible to different values[12].
There is also a problem a vagueness. Pro doesn't almost never gives any sort of definition of "larger" or "smaller". It is true that if I was smaller, I wouldn't be able to type this out, and if I was larger I also wouldn't be able to type this out. This is unimpressive since there is a huge variety on what it means to be smaller or larger. As I will show, some examples the "larger" or "smaller" parameters aren't very impressive to claim fine tuning. The proton decay, initial nucleons over anti-nucleons, and 4He energy level examples suffer from this problem.
Dr. Stenger calculated exactly how much larger or smaller the proton would have to decay for life to be exterminated by radiation.
"The decay rate depends on the strength of the unified force α U and the mass of the gauge boson that mediates the force MX. The corrected theory is likely to have the same dependence.
….I have plotted the mean proton decay lifetime, the reciprocal of decay rate, as a function of MX for three values of αU-1. The central line is for αU-1 = 25, the value we expect from the extrapolation to the unification energy i. The upper line is for αU-1 = 2500, two orders of magnitude higher. The lower line is for αU-1 = 0.25, two orders of magnitude lower.
We would have to go another ten orders of magnitude down in lifetime from the lowest point on this graph to reach lethality. Without a doubt, proton decay is not fine-tuned to prevent life being destroyed by radiation." [13]
Stenger later talks about baryogenesis (initial nucleons over anti-nucleons). He states
"..we have already seen that we can change the parameters for proton decay by orders of magnitude before lethal radiation would be produced. Since the baryon asymmetry comes from basically the same processes, it is unlikely that that conclusion is going to be changed in this case." [14]
8Be nor 4He seem to present any significant tuning for the carbon in stars to be produced.
"....a 0.06 MeV increase in the location of the level to 7.716 MeV would not significantly alter the carbon production in stellar environments. A decrease by the same amount to 7.596 MeV was needed before the carbon production increased significantly above its value in our universe….... Already we can see the excited state is not very fine-tuned. " [15]
The claim that dimensions are fine tuned is a mere assertion. No evidence was given that there cannot exist the laws of physics with other dimensions. In fact, there are many models of the universe that propose other dimensions. They've claimed up to as many as 10 dimensions [16][17].
The mass of neutrinos isn't fine tuned either. The number of neutrinos aren't fixed. Neutrinos form gases of noninteracting particles that have a fixed total energy. If there isn't enough mass, there will be more neutrinos and visa versa. The total energy is the same, therefore the effect of gravity doesn't depend on the neutrinos [18].
If the value of the Big Bang ripples (Q) were smaller, then gravity would increase clumping. If masses were greater (if gravity was stronger), then Q would vary with the nucleon mass [19].
Lastly, the calculations on the cosmological constant that Deem used are wrong.
"I pointed out that this calculation ignored the zero-point energy of fermion (half integer spin) fields, which is negative and therefore subtracts from the boson value. If there were an equal number of boson and fermion degrees of freedom, then the total density would be zero. This would be the case if the symmetry between bosons and fermions, called supersymmetry, were perfect. Unfortunately, it is not perfect at low energies."
Furthermore, Christian Physicist Don Page points out that the current value of the cosmological constant actually makes life difficult to form [21]. If God fine tuned the universe, the constant would have a negative value.
None of Pro's examples of fine tuning are that impressive when they are investigated. They hold assumptions that are either unsubstantiated or outright false.
Origin of life
There are some serious problems with this calculation. For one, the origin of life isn't governed by chance but by the laws of chemistry and biochemistry. The calculations also assume one specific form of a protein, when there are many possible protein forms. Furthermore, they only take into account sequential trials, not simultaneous trials. Lastly, we don't know how simple the earliest amino acid was, any calculation assumes too much. The calculations are heavily flawed and therefore cannot be taken as evidence [22]
Pro's examples of fine tuning aren't very good examples. They all fall apart upon further investigation. Pro's contention from the origin of life has extremely flawed assumptions.
Pro has yet to show either the universe's existence or the origin of life was fine tuned.
Back to Pro
[3] Ibid
[5] Victor Stenger. The Fallacy of Fine-Tuning, p. 248 with Calbre reader layout.
[6] Ibid, p. 251
[7] Ibid, p. 367
[8] https://www.youtube.com...
[9] http://www.astronomynotes.com...
[10] http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu...
[13] Victor Stenger. The Fallacy of Fine-Tuning, p. 263, Calbre reader layout.
[14] Ibid, p. 266
[16] http://www.universetoday.com...
[17] http://www.infoplease.com...
[18] Victor Stenger. The Fallacy of Fine-Tuning, p. 241, Calbre reader layout.
[19] Ibid, p. 282
[20] Ibid, p. 377
[21] http://arxiv.org...
I understand that in this round I should not defend my initial arguments, but only refute the ones that you have brought forth in your opening arguments.
First of all, I think there is a general misunderstanding here. I showed interest in debating n7 on his debate titled "God Probably Doesn't Exist", but told him that I want to debate God's existence with probability, but without anything to do with philosophy. He agreed and made this debate, which I accepted. Which is why this debate has science as the headline.
Nevertheless, Con has still based his arguments on philosophy. I feel this is a very unfair move by my opponent.
The debate was supposed to look at the observable world, and determine whether it implies the existence of God, or not. However, Con has made this impossible. Con has based his arguments not on what we know about the world, what we can observe, what we can experiment with, but based on presupposed theoretical truths. This is philosophy and destroys the topic of this debate.
Con has made it so that instead of debating on what the observable world implies, we have to debate on what the world is, which inevitably leads to "philosophy vs philosophy"
We should not have to debate what the world is, that's why it is science. What we should debate is what the world implies. Yet Con has shifted the focus to the
Eternalism is defined as a point of view within the philosophy of time.
Eternalism is a philosophical approach to the ontological nature of time, which takes the view that all points in time are equally "real", as opposed to the presentist idea that only the present is real[1] and the growing block universe theory of time in which the past and present are real while the future is not. [1]
The basis for the first argument is this philosophy of time (eternalism)
But I feel that using such an argument goes against the will of this debate. It might be true that it is supported by certain scientific theories, as is the opposite: presentism, and there are arguments for and against each point of view, but since eternalism is a philosophy, I cannot falsify it. Which would make the debate pointless.
In regards to your cosmological argument, this one is even more philosophical.
1: If God exists, the universe is guaranteed to come into existence.
2: The universe wasn't guaranteed to come into existence.
C: God doesn't exist.
With regards to number 1, the premises are flawed. The second premise to be specific. Either the universe came into existence, or it didn't.
If it didn't, it is because of eternalism.
But eternalism is a philosophy of time. So by science, you can't say that the universe didn't come into existence.
it is not necessarily true. It is based on the assumption that you know God's nature. Theoretically, God created the universe at one point, so before that, there was no universe. God could have simply not created a universe, as he is outside of the universe. Therefore number 1 is illogical. But apart from being logical or not, it is based on philosophy. It assumes to know the nature of God.
Therefore that entire argument is flawed.
"If God exists, the universe is guaranteed to come into existence" this is definitely different from "either God wanted the universe to start, or else he is imperfect"
"If we follow the laws of general relativity into the early universe, it entails that the earliest state of the universe was a singularity [7]. Within a singularity all of the laws of physics break down [8]. It is a completely inanimate state, devoid of order and completely unpredictable. This means there is no guarantee that the universe will come into being. The universe could have just as easily stayed a singularity or vanished entirely."
This statement is based on theoretical assumptions. The singularity is theoretical and has not been proven to have existed. You seem to be making an awful lot of assumptions based on theoretical, not observable or experimental premises.
This is how you have defined science:
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
You are presupposing that time is eternal, you are holding to a certain philosophy, you are not taking this debate in the way that it should be, based on science.
My arguments have been scientific, not philosophic. They are definitely observable and definitely testable.
Your arguments on the other hand, are philosophical, tied together with logic, yes, but they are of philosophical nature. They are presupposing CERTAIN theoretical positions as true.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language
My opponent has inserted philosophy into the equation. This debate was supposed to be an observation of the observable world, and see what it implied.
However, because of the insertion of philosophy and presupposed, non-confirmed, theoretical characteristics of the world, me and my opponent cannot possibly debate on whether or not science implies the existence of God or not, simply because my opponent is basing his arguments on a hypothetical universe, where as I am basing my arguments on the current, observable, demonstratable characteristics of the universe and life. Therefore, debating on the premises he has set would be illogical, since his world is theoretical and different from mine.
It seems there is some confusion with the framework. I never agreed to have a debate without philosophy whatsoever, just with science implying atheism. I even explained why it's impossible to have a debate with pure science and no philosophy in the debate referenced by Pro. The area that deals with God's existence is called the philosophy of religion [1]. It's simply impossible for this debate to have no philosophy. It's not unfair to use science to demonstrate a philosophy that prohibits God's existence. This agrees with the parameters of the debate. My arguments do look to the observable world and extrapolates on what that would entail. The observable world entails the universe never began and that it might not have came into existence.
Any argument I made was justified heavily with science. Unless Pro wants to object to the principle of explaining why God's definition entails something. However, Pro's arguments would then be devoid of any basis. Since they still assume God wished to create life, had the power, knew how, ect.
Furthermore, Pro's arguments also deal with philosophy. The FTA must argue that the universe wasn't tuned by necessity, which is philosophical. Pro is arguing that science entails the philosophy of theism, whereas I am arguing science entails the philosophy of eternalism which entails atheism. Neither of these violate any parameter or rule of the debate, since implies doesn't necessitate the use of pure science.
Pro's attack is that mainly eternalism is philosophical and therefore he doesn't have to respond. Eternalism may be a philosophy, that doesn't entail it's not scientific. In fact, it's rephrased as a principle in relativity [2]. It therefore, cannot be said to be outside the realm of science. He argues "since eternalism is a philosophy, I cannot falsify it", but this is completely false. Science may have shown that there is absolute time and all other reference frames are invalid. In which presentism would be true.
Pro presents two responses for this. God might not have created the universe and a singularity is merely theoretical. Pro's first responses commits the fallacy of equivocation and a strawman. I never stated that guaranteed meant a modal necessity. Pro refutes the first premise with a modal definition of "guaranteed" however, we're already assuming God did create the universe (definition from round 1). So why would I argue from modality? This appears to be why Pro thinks the argument is mainly philosophical, but it's obvious that stems from a misunderstanding.
Next, Pro claims a singularity isn't proven to exist by observation. It should be noted that Pro gives no citation for this claim, it is an assertion. Anyway, I already demonstrated a singularity exists by the laws of general relativity. General relativity has been shown to be correct by observation time and time again [3]. If GR is true, then so is the said singularity [4]. Just because a singularity hasn't been directly observed doesn't mean it's not science. Science is defined as:
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
Note my emphasis. A singularity follows from the observations of GR, it is a structure of the natural world that has been demonstrated through observation. It doesn't entail direct observation is necessary. After all, if it was then Pro would have to believe the study of Pluto's orbit around the sun isn't scientific. Since we know it takes 248 years to go around the sun by the laws of gravity [5], not via. direct observation because Pluto was discovered in 1930 [6]. We can state we know this by observation because the laws of gravity are demonstrated by observation.
I also think it's ironic that Pro uses this, since a majority of his examples of fine tuning (the argument itself too) are theoretical and not directly observed. We've never observed a different universe that possesses different values. All calculations must be theoretical based from observation, not by direct observation. Same goes for examples like, the expansion rate of the universe. We cannot practically fly to around the universe observing expansion directly, but we know what the expansion rate is by other means such as red shifting [7].
On the other hand, Pro might mean that a singularity hasn't been proven because physics isn't complete. Although I already answered this in my opening statement.
Pro is trying to use the framework of the debate to evade my arguments. The only content that wasn't related to this was arguing that God might not have created the universe, which misunderstands the argument. Modal reasoning is irrelevant to the argument. The other was claiming that a singularity is theoretical, although theoretical is still scientific and doesn't mean it's not demonstrated to exist. It seems Pro misunderstands my arguments, the framework of the debate, and the nature of science itself.
To Pro, for the finial.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org...
[4] Robert M. Wald. General Relativity. p. 99.
[5] http://www.universetoday.com...
The Origin of Life
My opponent has claimed that the probability I claimed for abiogenesis is incorrect, because it is based on one specific form of protein, and does not account for all the possible forms.
This is false.
The calculations do indeed account for all the possible forms. Douglas Axe calculated all of the possible sequences, and also, all of the functional sequences. He discovered that the ratio of functional sequences to possible sequences is 1 to 10ˆ74. This is forms part of the calculation I posted. I used in the calculation.
My opponent also claimed that it is not known how simple the earliest aminoacid was.
Actually, we have a very good idea. The first self-replicating life would necessarily be independent. It could not live inside of another cell, because they did not exist yet.
The organism with the smallest genome is the Mycoplasma genitalium. It has one of the smallest genomes of any organism in the world, clocking in at a mere 525 genes.
It is worth noting that this organism is not independent, but lives inside another cell, that is why its genome is so small, it doesn't have the functions necessary to live alone.
Since we are calculating the probability of an independent organism to arise by chance, it wouldn't be a fair comparison. But we will use it anyway, to avoid conflicts.
My opponent may say that while this is the currently known simplest organism, there might have been a simpler one before. This reasoning is valid, but my opponent doesn't have to worry about that because scientists have theorized the model for the simplest possible life form that could have existed. The general consensus is that is needs well over 400 genes. Some say 350 (which many disagree with), so for the sake of the argument I'll take 350 genes, each consisting of polymers, which each consist of aminoacids.
Life aminoacids cannot bond through a non-peptide bond. If 2 aminoacids bond, there is a 50-50 chance that it would be vía a peptide bond or non-peptide bond. So for an aminoacid chain 150 aminoacids long, you get the probability of ½ x 150.
Next is the fact that for life, the aminoacids needs to be "left-handed" isomers. These come in a 1 to 2 ratio, so again, we apply the probability of ½ x 150.
But we could successfully form a 150 long chain, with only peptide bonds and only left handed isomers, and it might not even be functional. So we need combine those 2 calculations with the probability of the chain being functional, which we calculated is 1 in 10ˆ74
But that only accounts for one polymer, remember the organism needs 350.
Combined this probability greatly surpasses the universal probability bound, and therefore is logically impossible.
Indeed simultaneous trials would be necessary, using sequential trials would not make much of a difference, since the life span of aminoacids is almost nothing.
"the origin of life isn't governed by chance but by the laws of chemistry and biochemistry."
Are you suggesting biochemical predestination? That was proven wrong by the very person who initially proposed it. Biochemistry and chemistry are both subject to the laws of mathematics.
Fine Tuning:
My opponent claims that many of my examples for fine tuning cannot be fine tuned since they are not dimensionless constants, and therefore arbitrary.
This is based on flawed reasoning.
Stenger defends the ambitious claim that the laws of nature could not have been different because they can be derived from the requirement that they be Point-of-View Invariant (hereafter, PoVI)…
We can formulate Stenger's argument for this conclusion as follows:
LN1. If our formulation of the laws of nature is to be objective, it must be PoVI.
LN2. Invariance implies conserved quantities (Noether's theorem).
LN3. Thus, "when our models do not depend on a particular point or direction in space or a particular moment in time, then those models must necessarily contain the quantities linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy, all of which are conserved. Physicists have no choice in the matter, or else their models will be subjective, that is, will give uselessly different results for every different point of view. And so the conservation principles are not laws built into the universe or handed down by deity to govern the behavior of matter. They are principles governing the behavior of physicists." [FOFT p. 82, emphasis original]
This argument commits the fallacy of equivocation – the term "invariant" has changed its meaning between LN1 and LN2. (pp. 7-8)
Conclusion: We can now see the flaw in Stenger's argument. Premise LN1 should read: If our formulation of the laws of nature is to be objective, then it must be covariant. Premise LN2 should read: symmetries imply conserved quantities. Since 'covariant' and 'symmetric' are not synonymous, it follows that the conclusion of the argument is unproven, and we would argue that it is false. The conservation principles of this universe are not merely principles governing our formulation of the laws of nature.
Even if the symmetries of the laws of nature were inevitable, it would still be an open question as to precisely which symmetries were broken in our universe and which were unbroken. (p. 18)
The fine tuning of the universe is not defined exactly by what parameters need to be set for life to exist.
Rather, they refer to the value of the parameters for the conditions to be optimal for life.
In the above graph, Con has tried to argue against fine tuning by showing that other values could still permit life. However, Con has failed to realize that the parameter is finely tuned. In the graph, the value is exactly in the middle. Exactly in the optimal point for the universe to exist perfectly. It may still persist if that value is changed, but it would not be optimal. It is finely tuned, it is in the optimal setting, the optimal value.
The problem of the apparently low entropy of the universe is one of the oldest problems of cosmology. The fact that the entropy of the universe is not at its theoretical maximum, coupled with the fact that entropy cannot decrease, means that the universe must have started in a very special, low entropy state. (p. 23)
Let's return to Stenger's proposed solution… Stenger takes it for granted that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. We can see this also in his use of the Friedmann equation, which assumes that space-time is homogeneous and isotropic. Not surprisingly, once homogeneity and isotropy have been assumed, Stenger finds that the solution to the entropy problem is remarkably easy.
We conclude that Stenger has not only failed to solve the entropy problem; he has failed to comprehend it. He has presented the problem itself as its solution. Homogeneous, isotropic expansion cannot solve the entropy problem – it is the entropy problem. Stenger's assertion that "the universe starts out with maximum entropy or complete disorder" is false. A homogeneous, isotropic spacetime is an incredibly low entropy state. Penrose (1989) warned of precisely this brand of failed solution two decades ago... (p. 26)
Inflation is potentially a solution to a particularly impressive fine-tuning problem. Suppose that inflation did solve the fine-tuning of the density of the universe. Is it reasonable to hope that all fine-tuning cases could be solved in a similar way? We contend not, because inflation has a target
Inflation thus represents a very special case. Waiting inside the life-permitting range (L) is another physical parameter (p). Aim for p and you will get L thrown in for free. This is not true of the vast majority of fine-tuning cases. There is no known physical scale waiting in the life-permitting range of the quark masses, fundamental force strengths or the dimensionality of space-time. There can be no inflation-like dynamical solution to these fine-tuning problems because dynamical processes are blind to the requirements of intelligent life.
Most scientists, like Stephen Hawking, Richard Dawkins, Barrow, Carr, Carter, Davies, Deutsch, Ellis, Greene, Guth, Harrison, Linde, Page, Penrose, Polkinghorne, Rees, Sandage, Smolin, Susskind, Tegmark, Tipler, Vilenkin, Weinberg, Wheeler, Wilczekrecognize that the universe is fine tuned.
But based on the soul arguments of Victor Stenger, which have been exposed as fallacious by Dr Barnes, Con tries to argue that the universe is not fine-tuned. Con's radical position must be backed up by conclusive evidence.
I think it was clear that this debate would be separate from philosophy. This is that my opponent said:
The existence of God falls under philosophy. Science only makes claims about the natural world and not the supernatural. Nonetheless, I believe I see what you're saying. You want to argue science implies God's existence. My arguments in this particular debate will deal heavily with philosophy.
So we did a separate debate, which was supposed to be about the natural world. My arguments are science. My opponent's arguments are mixed in with philosophy.
Things like the expansion rate of the universe are not philosophical, because they can be observed by looking at the stars. Same goes for other fine-tuning arguments such as decay rates, these can be observed and tested.
Eternalism on the other hand, is indeed philosophical. It cannot be observed in any way. And inserting such an argument into this debate renders it seriously off topic, as it would then be a debate of philosophy vs philosophy. Clearly, statisfical logic shows that the universe was indeed designed, a multiverse explanation require bizarre inprobabilities. A designer is the most logical implication of the natural world.
Is a false assertion. He elaborated on Eternalism, BUT did not provide any evidence that this Disproves God. IN fact regardless of the state of our reality, God is defined to coincide with our reality, Not alter it.
Also, the universe Not coming not existence is Not a Fact and thus cannot be used as a debate argument.
ATHEISTS need remember that as Religious people all your alternatives are very well taken into consideration, where as you yourselves lack an Understanding of How God can coincide with reality. Hence the atheists are ignorant, while the Theists are drawing from all the available knowledge of atheistic theology and from a Spiritual UNDERSTanding.
We're not debating religion, just the existence of a god. So my knowledge of religion is irrelevant.
Btw, the eternalist argument was one of 2 arguments. In the context of a debate, it doesn't matter if you think it's nonfactual, what matters is if Carlo demonstrated it was. You don't vote for the people who made your least or most favorite arguments.
"n7 looses by default for being arrogant, choosing to be ignorant and being ignorantly arrogant all simultaneously."
What? Examples?
"But carloandreaguilar didn't actually make any case in favor of his side of the debate.."
He made two teleological arguments in favor of his side...
" binary-star system DISPROVING the theory of gravity "
No, it doesn't. "We thought this system might be extreme enough to show a breakdown in General Relativity, but instead, Einstein's predictions held up quite well,"- http://phys.org...
1: If the universe never began to exist, then God doesn"t exist.
2: The universe never began to exist
C: God doesn"t exist.
which is a ridiculous and unfactual idea.
Religion is Eternalism.
He lacks an understanding of religion. SO XD he isn't qualified to even have this discussion :P
that isn't quite as obnoxious however as carloandreaguilar using flawed sciences to support his case.
The closest star to our solar system is 3 stars revolving round each other in a binary-star system DISPROVING the theory of gravity which he used to support Religion, when the bible says the Theory of Gravity is false.
SO. ahah.
I win. because I am religious.
n7 looses by default for being arrogant, choosing to be ignorant and being ignorantly arrogant all simultaneously.
But carloandreaguilar didn't actually make any case in favor of his side of the debate..
where does that leave me?: oh yes. as the winner.
... so we're at a loss.
I can't vote because I have not phone.
but wow... I saved this in my favorites to read both examples later on.
I am Pro for this Topic.
This vote is a fairly straightforward one, so I'm being crisp on the RFD. Please PM me if you want further feedback, though I think this RFD is sufficient.
Basically, Con's first argument is based on eternalism entailing that the universe didn't begin, so God couldn't have caused it, thus doesn't exist. He justifies eternalism via. quantum experiments and special relativity. Pro's only response is that eternalism is philosophical and not scientific, so is unfalsifiable. As Con notes, this is entirely false as philosophy and science aren't mutually exclusive, and eternalism isn't unfalsifiable. Con then argues that causality isn't required, so God needn't exist, and, since he's defined as being necessary, he doesn't exist as being not necessary. Pro's response is again a philosophy vs. science distinction that fails.
Pro's only argument is a fine-tuning argument. He provides examples of fine-tuned constants, and says intelligent design is the a priori best explanation. As Con notes, Pro fails to establish a link, since he fails to justify that intelligent design is the best explanation, and that a multiverse could also be a good explanation. Then, Con says the examples aren't really "fine-tuned", and, as such, can't be presented in such a fashion by Pro. Con says we have no reason to believe these constants aren't fine-tuned out of physical necessity, and that there's no other physically possible "tuning". Pro defends some constants that are fine-tuned, but *drops* Con's link objection.
I vote based on an impact calculus. The links: Con clearly establishes a link with his arguments. While Pro frequently challenges Con's links, saying philosophy is distinct from science, Con notes that eternalism *is* a scientific theory, since it's justified by special relativity, and is recognized by the scientific community. On the other hand, Pro fails to justify *why* fine-tuning implies God's existence, since it could argue for a multiverse equally well, according to Con. Pro *drops* this objection in R4. The impacts: Pro's argument fails because of a lack of link, so the impacts are rendered useless. Pro fails to challenge any of Con's impacts, so they still stand.
Ergo, I vote Con.
>Reported vote: ThatChristianGuy// Mod action: Removed<
7 points to Pro. Reasons for voting decision: Pro is truth. That's it.
[*Reason for removal*] (1) No explanation for any points awarded.
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