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Steve Thornton – Chief Executive Officer As CEO of Expect Success Steve demonstrates a daily passion for helping others achieve the success they truly desire. Steve founded Expect Success over 16 years ago with the sole purpose of helping others achieve their dreams. As a professional business adviser, coach, speaker and trainer, Steve has facilitated more than 8,500 seminars, workshops and coaching sessions. Prior to becoming a full time adviser, coach, speaker and trainer, Steve was President and Founder of Awakening International Corporation, a sales and marketing company. Under Steve's Leadership, Awakening, acting as an independent contractor for a nationwide company, advanced to produce over 80% of their national volume. Steve was also involved in the success of two other companies, H20 Systems, Inc., a manufacturer of in-line aqueous cleaning systems and TNA Real Estate Investments, which focused on the rehabilitation of residential properties. Steve is a committed Christian, husband, and father of two, and is dedicated to continuous personal development. The real-world experience Steve's acquired has proven to be invaluable whether he is addressing an audience as a Keynote speaker, leading a workshop or in coaching our clients.
Deb Hollis – (Executive Director) As the Executive Director and one of the Coaches at Expect Success Coaching & Training, Deb brings her many years of experience in individual and group Coaching, Teaching and Service in Ministry & Business, along with her passion in helping others grow and succeed in their life long dreams. As a professional Coach, Mentor, Speaker and Trainer, Deb has helped hundreds of Leaders and Leadership Teams over the years to excel in reaching their goals and passions, learning new leadership and team building strategies and graduating to the next level in both personal and professional growth. Deb has been a principal teacher in many Church's, Conferences and Seminars and has been on staff at several churches and in many roles including Children's Pastor, Ministry Pastor and as an Executive Pastor. Deb is a fully committed and active Christian, wife and mother and is continuously seeking to grow in her own personal development. Her personal passion is watching lives being transformed through her ministry.
John Harbottle – (CFO) John has a long history of senior financial roles in successful business ventures. He was most recently the VP of Finance and CFO of Khimetrics, Inc., a venture-backed retail revenue management software development company. In early 2006, Khimetrics was acquired by SAP for $175 million at an 8.5x revenue multiple. John also served as CFO of NBC Internet (formerly Xoom.com), an integrated Internet media company that combined portal, community and e-commerce where he was instrumental in raising over $750 million in their 1998 IPO and two secondary offerings; he played a key role in their merger with several of NBC's internet companies. John has also served as CFO of various companies such as Mastering Computers (a technology training company), Zenger-Miller (a skills training and leadership consulting company) and IFS which were all acquired in the 1990's. In all, John has over 25 years of experience in senior financial roles. John has also served on the board of directors for several Internet, software and training companies.
Jeremy Pourbaix – (Business Advisor, Coach and Trainer) Jeremy Pourbaix has a passion to help others reach their potential in their business and in life. Jeremy has started, operated and sold several businesses and has extensive experience in negotiations, organizational management, localized marketing strategy and coaching small business owners. He is a longtime multi-unit Franchise owner for Liberty Tax Service. Since2002 when he started with this nationally recognized franchise, he has been involved in numerous areas within their Franchise system including being elected multiple times by his peers to serve on the company's National Advisory Counsel. He has also supported, coached and advised many other franchise owners in his role as an Area Developer with Liberty Tax Service. Jeremy desires to be excellent at what he does and he strives to continually learn and improve. He is a leader who helps others grow, succeed, and reach their potential. He also desires to build meaningful relationships with the individuals and families he works with. Jeremy has been married since May of 2000 and has been blessed with 4 young children. He is also an active leader in his local church, which he's been a member of for almost 15 years.
Neal Hollis – Technical Operations
As a leader in Expect Success Coaching and Training Technical Operations, Neal brings more than 16 years experience in multiple Information Technology disciplines including web and graphic design, Database Administration, System Administration and Program Management. Neal currently works as a IT Program Manager, overseeing the IT Technical Operations at an Army Data Center in California .
Neal also has extensive experience as a Video Producer, Editor, Director and Cameraman. Neal has formed and led multi-media teams at several churches and large format venues.
Prior to joining Expect Success Coaching and Training, Neal served 14 years in the United States Marine Corps as a Signals Intelligence Analyst and Interpreter, speaking Spanish fluently. Since 1997, Neal has provided support to US Military Intelligence organizations as a Department of Defense Contractor and has spent time supporting forward deployed US Forces in both the Iraq and Afghanistan Theaters.
Neal is a committed Christian, devoted husband and proud father who has one son that is currently serving in the Marine Corps as a 2nd Lieutenant. When not behind a camera or a computer keyboard, you will find Neal participating in both indoor and outdoor Airsoft Military Simulation events.
Vanessa Moore – Business Coach/Advisor Vanessa Moore is a certified coach, real estate agent of over fifteen years, and a new member to the Expect Success Global Coaching team. She has a heart for people with a passion for coaching and teaching. She has been coached by the best and welcomes the opportunity to fulfill her dream as a coach...by motivating and inspiring you to move to the next level to discover your dreams and goals. She will help you to live your passion and true purpose in life. She has coached over 100 individuals to be top producers in the competitive business of software marketing. As an expert in real estate she has broken barriers as being one of the top sellers. She has taught and mentored agents to achieve and exceed their goals. Her continued mission is to share her skills, techniques and knowledge acquired during her personal and professional journey. World traveler, serving as a military wife for 22 years, she has lived in many different locations such as Washington State, North Dakota, Alaska, Spain and England touching many lives along the way. She is committed to God first and is a wife and mother of one beautiful daughter and two handsome sons.
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Knowledge is power, and yet you probably have no idea where exactly the electricity you use to charge your phone, power your fridge and do the dishes (if you're lucky) comes from.
In some countries, governments and power companies provide access to up to date data on their 'energy mix' – ranging from coal and gas to solar and wind and everything in between – but this can be a bit of an information overload.
Depending on where you are in the world, you might also be able to use a simple app that tells you exactly how the electricity you use is being generated at this exact moment – and whether it is clean or not.
We've listed a few options below to get you the idea. Do you know of an app that is not listed, want us to add it? Let us know in the comments or drop us a note at firstname.lastname@example.com!
United Kingdom
GridCarbon lets you track the carbon intensity of the UK electricity grid on your iOS or android smartphone or tablet.
My Grid GB also gives real time information about electricity in Great Britain on iOS phones and tablets, it also provides an overview on its website that can be accessed from all devices.
Ontario, Canada
Gridwatch shows you the technologies used to power Ontario's electricity grid hour-by-hour and plant-by-plant using the most current data. It also shows you the total carbon emissions and carbon intensity of Ontario's electricity grid.
The app not only breaks down total generation by fuel type but also by individual power plant. Gridwatch is an app that works on iOS, and has a very slick webapp for all other smartphone brands.
Other Countries And Regions
If your country or region is not listed above, you may be able to find a website that provides similar information. Jasper Vis of Danish energy company Dong Energy has listed some in this excellent blog post.
REneweconomy, meanwhile, is trying to aggregate data from all countries on its website.
Can't find an app for where you are? Maybe you should build one! Find out how Climate-KIC could help you.

subset: commoncrawl


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Company Description
Ravinia, North America's oldest music festival, nestled in the Chicago suburbs, stands today as its most musically diverse, presenting over 140 different events throughout the summer. These concerts run the gamut from Yo-Yo Ma to John Legend to the annual summer residency of the nation's finest orchestra, The Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Through its REACH*TEACH*PLAY education programs, Ravinia brings music to Chicago area schools and communities, thus providing equitable access to music for over 85,000 people in Cook and Lake counties.
Sistema Ravinia is a signature program of REACH*TEACH*PLAY which offers intensive afterschool music education to students in under-resourced schools in Chicago and Lake County. Sistema Ravinia fosters youth empowerment and social development through exceptional ensemble training. Shaped by the philosophy of the noted El Sistema model, Ravinia has embraced the notion of transforming groups of children into communities of musicians who in turn transform their communities. Sistema Ravinia students meet daily throughout the year at their nucleos (program sites) and are taught in sectionals and in full orchestra.
Job Description
The Conductor will lead multiple levels of beginning orchestras of elementary and middle school students for Sistema Ravinia at Catalyst Circle Rock Charter School, located in Chicago's Austin neighborhood. They will collaborate with administrators and fellow instructors in selecting repertoire and arrange music as necessary. The children in our program receive little to no music instruction outside of Sistema Ravinia. Therefore, the administrators, conductor and sectional instructors are responsible for providing a comprehensive music education program for our students. This includes everything from basic musical concepts, sight-reading and technique to instrument care, practice habits and relating/building bonds with fellow orchestra members. The conductor will be part of a team of instructors that will inspire all participating students and be responsible for maintaining a standard of excellence for Sistema Ravinia. This is a contract position that averages 4-6 hours per week, reports to the Nucleo (Site) Manager, and is paid an hourly rate. Sistema Ravinia is in session during the school year and 3-5 weeks during the summer.
Duties and Responsibilities
- Serve as a conductor and lead ensemble music education instruction for the Sistema Ravinia orchestras at Catalyst Circle Rock
- Engage students through the development of creative lesson plans that foster social and musical growth
- Collaborate with the Site Manager to provide high-quality orchestral instruction for every student
- Communicate effectively with students, instructors and administrators
- Assess student progress (social development, musical literacy, proficiency, appreciation) on an ongoing basis
- Collaborate with the Sistema Ravinia management team to select appropriate repertoire for the orchestras


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The TR-20U Wireless 2000 Repeater from Optex is a hardwired repeater for the RCTD-20U (Wireless 2000) System. It extends the range up to 1000' between either the TD-20U, TC-20U, or TS-10U, and the RC-20U Receiver, depending on the device and line of sight.
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Research into Cancer Stem Cells
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Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. You can view samples of our professional work here.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.
Cancers are composed of a heterogeneous mix of cells with varying differentiation, proliferation and tumourigenic properties. In vivo studies have demonstrated that within a cancer population, only percentage of cells are able to initiate tumour development [1]. It is widely believed that the heterogeneous groups of cells include a small population of cancer cells with stem cell properties: the cancer stem cell (CSC). These cells have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate asymmetrically and give rise to bulk populations of nontumourigenic cancer cells. Current cancer treatments may eradicate the tumour bulk but spare the populations of stem cells which are able to restore tumour tissue causing recurrence of the cancer. This may explain why initial tumour regression does not necessarily translate to improved patient survival in many clinical trials. Identification and characterisation of these stem cells may offer means of targeting cancer at its root.
Cancer Stem Cell Definition
The AACr workshop in 2006 defined a cancer stem cell as: "A cell within a tumour that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumour. Cancer stem cells can thus only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of a continuously growing tumour."[2] Therefore the stem cell definition requires that cell possess 2 fundamental properties. Self renewal, the process whereby at least one daughter cell of a dividing stem cell retains stem cell properties Potency, the ability of cells to differentiate into diverse cells that comprise the tumour. [3]. It was agreed that defined CSCs may not necessarily derive from normal tissue stem cells, indeed one important and unanswered question is whether tumours derive from organ stem cells that retain self renewal properties or whether tumour stem cells are proliferative progenitors that acquire self-renewal capacity [2].
Normal Tissue Heterogeneity
The continuous replacement of differentiated, functional cells by proliferation of more primitive cells in human tissue is a normal homeostatic process. Organs are composed of collections of differentiated cells that perform discrete functions [4]. The total cell population is regarded as constituting a cell division hierarchy [5]. The stem cell is central in the renewal hierarchy and has two functions within this model. It can act as the initiating cell in a cell division and differentiation process, producing a large family of differentiated descendants, a process known clonal expansion. Another function is for the cells to undergo division to produce two stem cell daughters identical to the initial stem cell and to replace the stem cells used in clonal expansion. This process is called self-renewal [6] and is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1. As cells move down the hierarchy they acquire the differentiated features associated with tissue function and the proportion of differentiated cells increases. In this way the stem cell has the ability to maintain organ life [4]. This concept predicts the existence of three categories of cell within the population: Proliferating, self renewing stem cells; Proliferating non-renewing transitional cells (transit amplifying); Non-proliferating, differentiated end cells. Following division the stem cell can give rise to a transit amplifying cell that will undergo further rapid proliferation to produce offspring which expand the populations of cells arising from the initial division and progressively commit irreversibly to differentiation along one or several lineages[4]. An important feature of a stem cell is their ability to undergo asymmetric cell division giving rise to a progenitor cell and to a new stem cell. Somatic SCs reside in confined tissue compartments referred to as the niche. Here the microenvironment suppresses SC proliferation, resulting in a quiescent SC population. This population maybe triggered to proliferate and differentiate in response to injury (Ghotra, 2009). Seven common and distinguishing features of stem cells have been described [4]:
- Stem cells comprise a small subpopulation of a given tissue.
- Stem cells are ultra-structurally unspecialized, with a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and few organelles
- Stem cells can be pluripotent
- Stem cells are slow cycling but may be induced to proliferate more rapidly in response to certain stimuli
- Stem cells have a proliferatve reserve that exceeds an individual's lifetime
- An intermendiate group of transit amplifying cells exists
- The microenvironment plays a critical role in the homeostasis of the stem cell and the differentiation of its progeny.
The stem cell is capable of division and clonal expansion. As cells differentiate they lose their proliferative potential. The stem cell can self renewal or divide to produce proliferative transitional cells.
Tumour Heterogeneity
It has been recognised for many years that tumours exhibit morphologic heterogeneity but they are also functionally heterogeneous in terms of cell proliferation and tumour forming capacity based on transplantation assays [7]. Heterogeneity within tumours is seen within individual tumours in terms of morphology, cell surface markers, cell proliferation kinetics and response to therapy. In vitro and in vivo observations suggest that most cancer cells do not proliferate and that loss of capacity to divide is a feature of the tumour. Only a small proportion of cells have the ability to form tumours in vivo, referred to as tumourgenicity. The cancer stem cell theory posits that neoplasms, like physiological tissue can be hierarchically organised, and that CSCs at the apex of this of this cellular hierarchy and seem to comprise of only a subpopulation of tumour cells are essential for its initiation [8, 9]. Two models have been proposed to explain tumours heterogeneity Stochastic and Hierarchy, summarised in Figure 2. Both models account for the existence of a cell with stem cell properties, but only the hierarchy model predicts the existence of a stem cell at the top of a hierarchy, which the potential to produce all other cell types within the tumour.
Stochastic Model
The stochastic model predicts that a tumour is biologically homogeneous and the behaviour of the cancer cells is influenced by intrinsic (eg signalling pathways, levels of transcription factors) or extrinsic factors (eg host factors, immune response, and microenvironment). It is suggested that the randomness and unpredictability of these factors result in heterogeneity in many aspects of marker expression and tumours initiation capacity [10]. A key requirement of the stochastic model is that all cells are equally sensitive to such influences and that the cells can revert from one state to another. For this model to be functional all tumour cells are not permanently affected and all have equal capacity to be induced to one state or another and the changes upon the cell are not permanent [11]. A growth fraction of <1 still occurs due to individual cell loss and non-reproduction, the result of the constraints of the micro-environment [4]. Cell behaviour cannot be predicted by intrinsic characteristics therefore tumour initiating activity cannot be enriched for and selecting of cells is not possible.
Hierarchy Model
The second model is the hierarchy model which predicts that the tumour is a caricature of normal tissue development and a hierarchy where the stem cell is at the tops is maintained (Pierce) [7]. The cancer stem cell maintains itself and its clones by self-renewal. The cells also mature to produce differentiated offspring which form the bulk of the tumour and lack stem cell properties. As in normal tissue only a small percentage of the tumour population maintain the capacity for long term proliferation while most cells proceed forward down the differentiation pathway resulting in aberrant terminal differentiation [4]. Due to differences in characteristics, stem cells can be selected and enriched for. Variations in tumour growth rates may be due the effects of normal homeostatic mechanisms that regulate stem cells and transit amplifying cell reproduction or alterations of the stem cell niche microenvironment [4]. Much of the evidence for this comes from clonogenic and tumourgenic assays, which will be discussed further.
Hierarchy model contains cells that are composed of biologically distinct cells including cancer stem cells which are all have different functional properties. The stochastic model predicts that all cells are equal the cell heterogeneity is due to intrinsic and extrinsic influences upon the cells which result in heterogeneity of cell function.
Experimental Evidence
Early Work
The first evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells came from functional cell proliferation studies in the1940s - 1960s. Radiolabelling cells and autoradiography enabled measurements into the proliferation, lifespan and hierarchical relationships in normal and neoplastic tissues [10, 12]. From these studies came the proposal that tumours are caricatures of normal development including the existence of stem cells [7]. Much early work was on the cancer of the haematopoietic system. In the 1970s Clarkson and other groups carried out pioneering studies that established cancers exhibited functional heterogeneity [10, 13]. These include cytokinetic studies carried out in cell lines, murine models of the acute leukaemias and in vivo examination of leukaemia blast proliferation kinetics in human AML and ALL patients. The data showed that the majority of leukemic blasts were post mitotic and needed to be continuously replenished from a relatively small proliferative fraction. Only a small number of leukemic blast cells were cycling in vivo and of these two proliferative fractions were observed: a larger, fast cycling subset with a 24 hour cell cycle time and a smaller, slow cycling, with a dormancy of weeks to months. From this data it was suggested that the slow cycling fraction was generating the fast cycling fraction thought to be the leukemic stem cell population because they had similar kinetic properties to those observed for normal haematopoietic stem cells. This was a clear suggestion that tumours exhibit functional heterogeneity in terms of proliferative potential. Following the identification of these slow cycling cells it was predicted the inability to kill the leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) was the cause of relapse and failure of chemotherapeutic therapies. Whilst combining treatment with in vivo cytokinetic studies, investigators observed that LSCs respond to the depletion of the of the leukemic cell mass by go into cycle after chemotherapy. It was suggested the way to eliminate dormant LSCs was to find the window when they are cycling. Identifying and assaying the potential LSCs was a major stumbling block and characterising them was impossible. This was when attention focused on the clonogenic assay was adapted by several groups to assay AML which identified phenotype of AML cultures in vitro with differing proliferative potential, providing the further proof for hierarchy in AML [14-16].
Definition of a clone
A clone is an operationally defined as a group of cells derived from a single ancestor cell. Clonogenicity is the ability of a given cell population, when plated as single cells, to produce one or more clones. This can be measured by the clonogenic assay which can quantify the proportion of colony forming cells, as a percentage of plated population, referred to as colony forming efficiency (CFE). It has been suggested that colony-forming cells possess two fundamental properties of progenitor cells: the ability to give rise to differentiated descendents and the capacity for self-perpetuation [17]. Therefore the ability to measure the capacity of cells to form clones is a useful tool in the study of the cancer stem cell concept.
Quantitative measurement of clonogenicity - Development of the clonogenic assay.
Puck and Marcus - The first clonogenic assay
In 1956 Puck and Marcus published a paper describing a cell culture technique for assessment of colony forming ability of single mammalian cells [18]. Plated in culture dishes with a suitable medium human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) were supplemented with a large number of irradiated feeder cells and the number of colonies formed was counted. Their technique was a simple rapid method for growing single mammalian cells into macroscopic colonies with a colony forming efficiency of 80 - 100% . The authors developed this assay further to enable quantification of the effects of high energy radiation on cell populations in vitro [18-20]. They plated HeLa cells and measured their response to x-rays, producing the first in vitro radiation cell survival curve [21]. This assay has since been used for a wide variety of studies with many cell types using improved culture conditions, and for the testing of many potential chemotherapeutic agents.
Till and McCulloch
Following the work of Puck and Marcus, Till and McCulloch generated the first in vivo survival curves [22, 23]. They showed that when mouse bone marrow cells were injected into recipient mice that had been given total body irradiation to suppress endogenous haematopoiesis, visible colonies developed in the spleens that derived from cells in the graft. This work demonstrated that the cells injected into the mice were capable of self-renewal and it was speculated that these cells were stem cells. The evidence for this conclusion was that the curve from the number of marrow cells transplanted proportional to the number of colonies developed within the spleen. In addition, the radiation survival curve of cells that form colonies closely resembled survival curves developed by Puck and Marcus for in vitro cells [21]. This, however, was only indirect evidence and did not prove that the colonies originated from single cells, so the group carried out further experiments to determine the single cell origin on the colonies within the spleens [24]. Heavily irradiated bone marrow was transplanted into heavily irradiated recipient mice. The idea was that some cells containing genetic abnormalities caused by irradiation in the donor bone marrow cells would retain the ability to proliferate and produce clones containing this abnormality [24]. This worked to some extent, with a small number of colonies containing cells which all showed the same chromosome abnormality within that colony. It was hypothesised that if the capacity to form colonies is to be considered as a criterion to identify stem cells, then cells must lose this capacity upon undergoing differentiation. This hypothesis was tested by applying hypoxia as a differentiating pressure to mouse bone marrow, which resulted in a reduction in colony formation in the spleens of hypoxic mice [17]. They described how the number of colonies form in the spleens of mice in hypoxic conditions is reduced. This was thought to be due to hypoxia stimulating erythropoiesis which stimulates erythropoietin, indicating that erythropoietin reducing colony forming production in the spleen. This data suggested that an increased demand for differentiated cells reduces the number of stem cells, resulting in the reduction of colony forming ability.
Later Developments
Since its development, the in vitro clonogenic assay has become a valuable tool in the study of cell growth and differentiation. [25]. Several adaptations to the original method have been made including immobilising cells in a top layer of 0.3% agar to avoid formation of tumor cell aggregates by random movement which might be confused with colony growth [26]. Agar has also been replaced by some groups with agarose, which is easier to handle (Laboise 1981) or methylcellulose which allows better recovery of the colony for replating. Others have simplified the culture medium and omitted the need for feeder cells. The exact protocol depends largely on cell type, but the basic system remains the same. The development of a protocol for secondary plating efficiency has proved a useful tool for the measurement of self-renewal and has the advantage of being able to identify cells that are able to undergo a large number of cell divisions [26]. This involves selecting specific colonies to determine their proliferative potential over a number of passages.
Clonogenicity and Cell Renewal Hierarchy
Clonogenic assays have been used to identify and morphologically characterise the three cell types above. Barrandon and Green's [27] work identified the clonal types of keratinocytes and linked this to their capacity for multiplication. They defined colonies as Holoclone, Meroclone or Paraclone. The Holoclone was described as a colony with a larger smooth nearly circular perimeter containing many small cells, which it has been suggested that these cells represent the proliferating self renewing stem cells. Paraclones were described as differentiated end cells which are more elongated and flattened in appearance, however paraclones can divide quite rapidly therefore classification of clonal type cannot be deduced form the study of growth rates alone or morphology alone. Meroclones were described as a combination of holoclones and paraclones. Relating morphology and colony size to clonogenicity can be used to further identify potential stem cells within the clonogenic assay and give more detail to the fate of their descendents. The differences in growth unit size may reflect several properties including different proliferative capacities and clonogenic cell kinetics. However, clonogenicity in vitro alone, does not define a stem cell, and other subpopulations, such as transit amplifying cells may also be able to produce a colony size of 32 or more cells. Although ability of a cell to form a colony implies substantial proliferative capacity, this does not unambiguously identify a stem cell [28].
Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Hierarchy
Certain characteristics have emerged from clonogenic studies on cells derived from human tumors. It was noticed that a few cells in each tumor were able to give rise to colonies in culture, whilst some colonies contained transit amplyifing cells undergoing a limited number of terminal divisions. Other cells (usually the majority) were non-proliferating stem cells. Looking at CFE and colony size of human tumors and replating experiments has demonstrated the heterogeneity of a wide range of tumor types including neoplastic human urothelium [29], melanoma [30, 31] and squamous carcinoma [32]. This supports the idea that cells within solid tumors consist of cellular hierarchies, which will be discussed further.
The cancer stem cell model accounts for heterogeneity within a primary cancer by proposing that each cancer consists of a small population of cancer stem cells and a much larger population of cells which have lost their self-renewal capacity [5]. The clonogenic assay has been used explore this cellular heterogeneity present in human tumors, lending support to the stem cell model of tumor growth. Multiple myeloma has served as a valuable model in early clonogenic assay development. This was studied by Hamburger and Salmon in 1977 [33], who created an essentially selective system which restrict proliferation to cells capable of anchorage independent growth, thought to be a characteristic of stem cells [34]. They described an in vitro bioassay for human myeloma colony-forming units in culture which was applied to the study of patients with multiple myeloma and related monoclonal bone marrow derived B cell neoplasm. Bone marrow samples from patients with multiple myeloma and normal volunteers were cultured in the presence of an agar feeder layer prepared by either human type O+ washed erythrocytes or adherent spleen cells of BALB/c mice. They found a linear relationship between colony formation and the number of nucleated bone marrow cells plated. Multiple myeloma patients exhibited much higher numbers of colonies formed compared to normal volunteers. It was shown that the number of colonies was proportional to the number of colonies plated, suggesting that colonies were derived from single myeloma stem cells. This was the development of the human tumor stem cells assay.
The Human Tumor Stem Cell Assay - clonogenicity and cancer stem cells
The ability to grow human solid tumors in two-layer soft agar culture was developed for the clinical application of testing in vitro tumor sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. It is a possible means by which anticancer drugs can be selected for activity against tumor cells from a patient [35] as a way of tailoring chemotherapeutic regimes to individual patients and of testing new cytostatic agents [36].
The assay assesses treatment effects of stem cells by a testing their ability to reproduce and form a colonies of cells. Using semi-solid agar with enriched medium supports colony growth from cell suspensions from a variety of human tumors. A semi-solid medium suppresses the growth of most normal cells and there is evidence of the malignant nature of these colonies [33] . An important consideration is the relationship between the response of clonogenic cells to drugs in vitro and the response of the tumor to the same drug in the patient [10]. The stem cell model of human cancer suggests that cure or duration of remission after clinical treatment should correlate only with killing of stem cells. Assessment of treatment effects on an unselected cell population (eg on the basis or morphological criteria) is therefore likely to be misleading since the effects on a small population of stem cells will be masked by those on the large population of stem cells.
Human tumors of a single histological type appear to have a pattern of response in vitro that is similar to their clinical behaviour. Within a histological type, tumours are heterogeneous in response both in vitro and in vivo. Studies directly comparing the response in vitro with the subsequent clinical response have shown important correlations. The proportion of human tumors that grow with a plating efficiency sufficient for assessment of drug activity (≥30 colonies per 500,000 cells plated is frequently less that 50%. Usually only a proportion of these tumors will manifest in vitro sensitivity [37]. There have been a wide range of predictive value positives reported for the human clonogenic tumour cell assay when applied to a patient population with an expected clinical response rate of 15-49% [38]. This value could be misleading and in practice may only be workable for cytotoxicity testing for only one third of specimens tested. The limitation exits that not all samples will produce clones in vitro so those that do may exhibit a treatment bias [35]. Other problems with the use and interpretation of human tumor clonogenic assays include low plating efficiency and small proportion of tumors available for testing; difficulty in preparing single cell suspensions, production of only small quantities of data, and problems defining drug sensitivity and response criteria [35].
Factors influencing size of sub-populations
It has been proposed that as in normal cell populations, human tumor cell populations are also heterogeneous and comprise stem cells, non-stem transitional cells with limited proliferative capacity and end cells [6]. MacKillop suggested that four factors may influence the relative size of these subpopulations:
- The probability of self-renewal (Psr) of stem cells (producing two daughter stem cells). The distribution of cells within the system can be treated mathematically by assuming probability functions.
- The potential of the transitional cells for further cell division, as defined by clonal expansion number (n=number of generations between the first generation non-stem cells and the end cells.)
- The relative effect of cell loss on each subpopulation (Stem cells, transit amplifying, end cells) as described by cell loss factors (Φs, Φt Φ ec).
- The number of generations of cell proliferation following initiation of the tumor cell population for individual stem cell.
Stem cell division in normal tissue must provide a supply of differentiated functional cells to compensate for physiological losses and at the same time maintain a constant stem cell population. A probability of self-renewal in which two stem cells daughters Psr =0.5, would yield a steady state [28]. If no cell loss occurs, it has been modelled that the number of stem cells will increase exponentially with Psr > 0.5 [6]. For the simplest case in which all non-stem cells are end cells (n=0) the proportion of stem cells increases linearly with increasing Psr. and the proportion of stem cells in a tumor decreases as the extent of multiplication of the transitional cell compartment. This results in the stem cell being the less common cell type numerically than transit amplifying and differentiated end cells. These scenarios are affected by cell loss which may occur through necrosis, migration or differentiation, of which only differentiation is selective of cell type. A selective loss through differentiation increases the population of stem cells.
The modelling of tumor cell growth has implications for the use of clonogenic assays as predictors of the stem cell fraction on human tumors, especially in regards to cut-off points in terms of colony size and determining which cells represent the stem cell fraction [6]. Between studies there are differences between how colonies are scored morphologically and numerically and how long cells are allowed to grow [31] and considering this evidence may be an important issue when comparing data between different studies.
Clonogenicity in cell lines and stem cells in cell lines
Clonogenicity has recently been used to identify stem cell properties of cells in long term culture cancer cell lines. The colony forming efficiency and secondary plating efficiency of carcinoma derived cell lines including head and neck squamous, breast [39] and prostate [39-42] were investigated and considered to contain potential stem cells. These studies show that cell lines show clear differences between clonal types (holoclone, meroclone, paraclone) and have similar properties in this respect to normal epithelial cells [39]. The proportions of clonal types between the carcinoma cell lines vary greatly. DU145 colonies were evenly spread in number between the clonal types, whereas PC3 cells produced mainly meroclones and LNCaP cells produced mainly paraclones [41], all based on colony morphology.
These studies have also looked at the relationship between potential cancer stem cell markers and clonogenicity. CD133 enriched DU145 cells were assayed for clonogenicity, but no difference was found between the positive and negative cells [41], but when isolated CD44+ integrin α2β1+ CD133+ sorted cells were compared against CD44+ integrin α2β1low CD133low a higher CFE was observed in conjunction with a marked difference in morphology to CD44+ integrin α2β1-/low CD133- in DU145 MACS sorted cells [40]. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that different clonal types showed varying levels of expression of CD44, α2β1 integrin and β-catenin in PC-3 [42] and DU145 clones [39]. There is further evidence to suggest the presence of cells with stem cell behaviour such as dye-exclusion and higher clonogenicity, in several human epithelial cell lines [39, 43-45], which further supports the idea that cell lines contain stem cells. The advantage of cancer cell lines that contain cells displaying stem cell characteristics would facilitate the study of molecular pathways and the properties that define the cancer stem cells in vitro.
Recent Developments
Much progress has been made in the modelling of the leukemic diseases, where the level of heterogeneity was first and most thoroughly explored. Human cells fulfilling the properties expected of drug resistant cancer stem cells were initially isolated from blood cancers [2]. Improvements in the genetics of recipient mice have led to the definition SCID-repopulating cell (SRC). Many improvements to the NOD/SCID murine model continue to be made by using recipient mice that are engineered to be deficient in natural killer (NK) and macrophage activity; part of that innate immune system. It has been demonstrated that a small subpopulation of acute myeloid leukaemia cells with an immature immunophenotype possess the ability colonise immune deficient NOD/SCID mice to give rise to more differentiated leukaemia cells and to recapitulate the heterogeneous phenotype of the bulk tumour [46]. The phenotypically more mature cells failed to engraft in mice, suggesting the presence of an identifiable tumour cell hierarchy. These cells are referred to as tumour initiating cells.
Cancer Stem Cell Identification
CSCs have been defined on the basis of their ability to seed tumours in animal hosts, to self renew and to spawn differentiated progeny (non-CSCs)[47]. Pioneering work in this area originated from studies on leukaemia stem cells and later included demonstrations of CSCs in solid tumours, particularly breast and brain cancers. However, work in solid tumours has proved challenging. The frequency of CSCs in solid tumours is highly variable [48].
Difficulties with tumour CSC identification
Evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumours has been more difficult than in the haematopoietic system to obtain for several reasons: 1) The cells within the tumour are less accessible. Tissue has to undergo mechanical or enzymatic digestion to obtain a single cell suspension which can be analysed. 2) There is a lack of functional assays suitable for detecting and quantifying normal stem cells from many organs. 3) Only a few cell surface markers have been identified and characterised. Of these there is no one marker which is specific for a stem cell or cancer stem cells and for selection they often have to be used in combination.
Cancer Stem Cell Markers
Stem cells are most commonly identified by staining for cell surface markers, exclusion of fluorescent dyes or labelling with tritiated thymidine [3] . The technology to develop monoclonal antibodies to specific molecules and flow-cytometery based sorting and analysis has been a big driving force in recent CSC developments. Much work has been done to define cell surface markers. It has been shown that two distinct subpopulations can be separated from a single tumour that differ in their cell surface markers and their ability to seed new tumours in vivo. Most of the currently used markers do not recognise functional stem cell activity. By using combinations of cell surface markers, the homogenous purification of stem cells can be obtained [3]. Table 1 below reviews the current suggested markers for some tumour types. The use of animal models has allowed identification and assessment of markers that are expressed by cancer stem cells. The most convincing demonstration of identity CSC selected by biomarkers comes from serial transplantation of cellular populations into animal models. The CSC containing fraction should re-establish the phenotypic characteristics of the original tumour [48]. In 1997 Bonnet et al showed that the ability to transfer human leukaemias into NOD/SCID mice was retained by a small proportion of cells with the CD34+, CD38- phenotype [46]. The CD44 and CD133 markers have emerged as potential markers of immature epithelial cells for isolating CSCs in several tissue types including brain and prostate. Cells have been isolated from several tumour types and serially transplanted in xenograft models: Breast - CD44+ CD24-/low established tumours in recipient mice. Brain - CD133+ enriched cells. Prostate - Side population CD44+ enriched. In these experiments small numbers of selected cells produced tumours in recipient mice. In this instance CSCs can only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of continuously growing tumours. The gold standard assay that fulfils these criteria is serial transplantation into animal models.
CD34+, CD38-, Lin-, Thy-, CD71-, [49] CD90 [3]
CD34+, CD38[46]-, Lin-, Thy-, CD71-, HLA-DR- [50], IFNRN-1, DAPK-1, Mcl-1, NK-κβ, heat sensitive [51-53]
CD133+, msi-1, Sox2, melk, PSP, bmi-1, nestin, side population [54-57]
CD133+, msi-1, Sox2, melk, PSP, bmi-1, nestin, side population [54-57],
CD24med [1, 58]
CD44+, CD24-/low, 4Lineage -[1]
CD20- CD166- Nestin-[61]
CD20+ CD166+ Nestin+ [62]
CD133 [63] α2β1hi
Sca-1+[64], CD44+/α2β1hi/CD133+ [65-67]
Table 1. Adapted from Miller et al 2005[4] Mittal [3] and Moltzahn [68]
Genetic Lineage Tracking
In addition to cell sorting based CSC identification efforts , marker specific genetic lineage tracking of subpopulations of cancer cells in competitive tumours development models has recently been used to further establish in vivo evidence for the existence of tumours hierarchies driven by molecularly defined CSCs [69](reviewed by[9]) (experimental Schatton).
Growth Patterns
Cancer Stem Cell Frequency
The frequency of stem cells between tumours is highly variable. It appears that the frequency is higher in solid tumours than in leukaemia [46]. These results may be affected by the xenotransplantation model and failure to totally suppress the host immune system. Recently a study into the frequency of Cancer stem cells melanoma has suggested that the frequency of can be much higher than previously thought. Using an improved model NOD/SCID interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain null (Il2rg2/2) mice 25% of unsorted unselected primary and metastatic melanoma cells were tumourigenic. This data suggests that the frequency of CSCs within a tumour may be much higher than once thought and that the limits of the animal modle used in previous studies may account for lower frequencies of tumourigenic cells. Interesting, they found that sorting for markers had no effect on the tumourgenicity of the cells and for known CSC markers.
Targeting CSCs in Cancer Treatment
Suggested mechanisms for resistance of CSCs to treatments are: Increased ability to repair damaged DNA, activation of survival pathways and increased expression of ATP binding cassette protein (ABC) transporters. Identification of these cells may therefore improve treatment prospects and prevent reoccurrence. Many current cancer therapies target the cancer cells as if they are a single homogenous abnormal entity, therefore drugs targeting molecular lesions should be equally effective against all tumours cells, barring the emergence of resistant sub-clones [10]. The current idea is to give enough drugs to target the primary molecular pathway and then combine with drugs that target sub-pathways to enable killing of every tumour cell [10]. Furthermore much research into the basic biology of cancer is forced to look at the whole tumour (or dish of cells) as much of the technology used needs large quantities of cells and it is rarely possible to look at single cells.
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- Barrandon, Y. and H. Green, Three clonal types of keratinocyte with different capacities for multiplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1987. 84(8): p. 2302-6.
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Stay... Don't Stray
Posted by Dior Co on Sunday, January 24, 2010 Under: Reviews
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Houseboat and caravan dwellers form part of our local housing market.
This dataset aims to bring together some information to help us see the scale of the issue in our local area.
Image take from Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/
This includes
- Cambridge
- East Cambridgeshire
- Fenland
- Huntingdonshire
- South Cambridgeshire
- Forest Heath
- St Edmundsbury
- Peterborough
This data is simply a starting point, being launched in April 2017, and at this stage is looking to bring existing data together to shed some light on the scale of this part of our housing market.
There are two source of data: 1. Council Tax records identifying the number of houseboat dwellers in 2015 and 2016. 2. A web search for local marinas and moorings in the local area, undertaken in April 2017.
We are very pleased to have now uploaded geo-coded data on the location of some of the marinas and moorings across the area, and hope to add more data and maps in future.
Data and Resources
- Houseboats from council tax records, 2015 and 2016csv
VOA data on houseboats, published in response to two freedom of information...Explore Data
- Houseboats from council tax records, 2015 and 2016xls
VOA data on the number of houseboats across England and Wales, at 31 March...Explore Data
- Marina and moorings list, April 2017csv
A list of marinas and moorings based on existing websites and web searches...Explore Data
- Marina and moorings list, April 2017xls
A list of some of the local area's marinas and moorings, based on websites...Explore Data
- List and map of local marinas and mooringscsv
Here is a list and map of local marinas and moorings across Cambridgeshire,...Explore Data
Dataset InfoThese fields are compatible with DCAT, an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web.
|Modified Date
|Release Date
|Spatial / Geographical Coverage Location
England & Wales
Open Data Commons Attribution License
|Data Dictionary
Notes on council tax houseboats data 2015 and 2016 Source: VOA's administrative database as at 31 March 2015 and 2016. Counts are rounded to the nearest 10 with counts of zero being reported as "0" and counts fewer than 5 reported as negligible and denoted by "-". Totals may not sum due to rounding. Geographical level of the data presented: England and Wales (ENGWAL), National (NATL), Regional (REGL), County/Metropolitan County (CTYMET) or Local/Unitary Authority/London Borough (LAUA). Consists solely of houseboats moored in rivers, marinas etc, which are used for residential purposes and are therefore banded for Council Tax purposes.
|Contact Name
Sue Beecroft
|Contact Email
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SHELBY COUNTY - Herrick, a small town in Shelby County was afraid they would no longer have their annual Fourth of July celebration, but thanks to the women of the Fourth of July Committee, the tradition will continue.
The celebration will take place the second, third and fourth of July. In order to have the event Yvonne Mathias and Kathy Durbin raised money year round to pay the twelve to thirteen thousand dollars in expenses.
They hope to bring back the old days, where everyone in town participated. Mathias said "there would be no grass left at the park because there were so many people in Herrick." Throughout the whole weekend the carnival rides will be free.
The women held a haunted house, bake sales and one brother and sister kept dropping off large denominations of cash. Allen is happy that everyone will be able to come to the celebration, "just to be able to enjoy it without worrying about, you know, they are going to have enough for everybody to enjoy themselves."


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Bama Gals {Clay, AL; Sneak Peak}
I have been blessed with some of the sweetest girls to keep my kiddos. I came home tonight and Jordan was all done up and looking like she was going somewhere special so I asked and she said that {the other} Jordan's brother was taking pictures of them for their dorm. Of course I said what are you serious. I will do that for you so we loaded up the kiddos and took some gorgeous pictures of these sweet 4 roommates. All they wanted was 1 picture to put over the couch but I believe they got so much more! The University of Alabama is so lucky to have them!


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Newsletters are a recognized way to build engagement or customer loyalty. We help design newsletter programs and create content to help you reach your goals over time.
For Customers: We strategize, write and design newsletters for your customers to ensure retention and create opportunities to cross-sell and up-sell.
For Interest groups: We also specialize in creating and delivering newsletters to a subscriber base or interest group that you want to target.
We help you to deliver real value to customers
Email Marketing for B2B Businesses
26 July 2017, mantran
In an era of inbound marketing, social media, blogs and such, why are we writing an article on email marketing? This is because it's value for businesses in creating sales leads and revenue, and retaining customers remains undiminished. Email marketing for B2B remains an important, cost-effective, easily created/designed, forwarded and easily measurable solution to drive
B2B Lead Generation through Social Media Marketing in India
16 November 2015, mantran
As a B2B business in India, are you using social media marketing to generate leads? In the US, B2B companies generated 3 times more leads through social media than other traditional channels1. India also reflects the trend. 69% of Indian B2B marketers acknowledged Social Media Marketing to be one of the primary content marketing activities
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The Story of Us:
This is my husband Brendan and our two children; Baden and Tyra. Almost two years ago Brendan was diagnosed with a differentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in his right femur. He has been fighting cancer ever since. In March of last year he lost his right leg to the disease.
Source blog post: The Story of Us: 01 March 16 … Food for thought from our previous blog explains why we no longer let anyone in our family use a laptop on their lap. I hope in sharing – it helps others to make a different choice when using the same or a similar devices.
Life is good and hope is limitless…
PS: feel free to share our story with others if you are moved to do so.
Find more information on Rare Cancers: Here
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Join our The Story of Us fb Group: Here
Thank you
You will also find all diary entries from June 2014 to March 2016 at The Story of Us -Blogspot


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A customized strength training plan for your body's unique needs
We don't believe in one size fits all training classes. Whether you're training for increased sports performance or simply want to look and function at your best, exercise is like a drug. It must be prescribed for optimal results.
Holistic Fitness training starts with an in-depth bio-mechanical assessment that consists of health history analysis, physiological load evaluation, core function and stability tests, strength and power tests, posture and movement analysis and range of motion screens.
After the initial assessment, we design your individualized 6-8 week stretching and exercise programs based on a combination of the findings in the evaluation and your health and fitness goals. These programs are designed to help you prevent injury, build strength, achieve your ideal weight, improve balance, stability and flexibility, increase lean muscle mass, burn body fat and master functional movement patterns.


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04/24/2008 - Hercules extends webcam range with the launch of a quality webcam for under a tenner
London, April 24th, 2008 - Hercules is strengthening its presence in the webcam market with the launch of the Classic Link, an entry level webcam that will WOW consumers, not only because of its design and specifications... but also its price!
The range of webcams available for less than £10.00 is large, but these devices often have features that are as minimalistic as their price tags! In this category, Hercules applies the same principals as for its other webcams; to offer the best possible price/performance ratio. The Classic Link webcam is rather impressive, boasting two exceptional features that will amaze the user: a VGA CMOS sensor, where competitors only feature a CIF CMOS sensor, and a built-in microphone, a feature only seen in higher-end devices.
• Streamlined, fine and elaborate design,
• Super efficient attachment system (suitable for CRT screens, TFT displays and laptop displays),
• 30 frames per second for fluid images
• 800 x 600 photo & video resolution (in interpolated mode)
• 360-degree horizontal & 180-degree vertical rotation
• Compatible with all chat software (Windows LiveTM Messenger, MSN® Messenger, SkypeTM, Yahoo!® Messenger, Aol® Instant Messenger...
• Works with Windows XP Sp2 and VISTA 32 et 64 bits
• 1.5 m USB cable
Hercules bundles the Classic Link with its trade mark user-friendly software Hercules Webcam Station Evolution SE, which offers three photo capture modes (simple, continuous and timer), a one-click video capture feature and the automatic conversion and resizing of captures for emailing. It really delivers much of what you would expect from a high end model!
The Hercules Classic Link will be available mid May 2008 with an RRP of £9.99.
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USA Wedding Invitations
This page Wedding Invitations provides details of websites of businesses or suppliers of wedding Invitations in the USA The plan-a-wedding directory of wedding services and products (cars, flowers, photographers, cakes etc.) is intended as an easy to use directory for planning of weddings within the USA. Should you wish to advertise on this page wedding Invitations please complete our enter details section above or on our home page. We also provide a list by county page of wedding services and products this again can be found through our home page .


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Travel Estonia to see the smallest of the three Baltic nations, with enormous forests, remote islands and striking wetlands that make it the most picturesque. Culturally strong country with spectacular sea side towns, lush forests, marshlands, charming country villages make this place worth visit.
Cobbled streets of the capital city, Tallinn reminds you of the alluring Scandinavian period. Historic cathedrals and ruins, scenic boutiques and amazing galleries can keep you betrothed for long. Restaurants, café, chic night clubs and stylish lounges will give you a sneak peek into a cosmopolitan side of this city. Spectacular architecture of Toompea Castle, Lutheran church and Alexander Neversky Russian Church all give you a glimpse of the civilization of this land throughout centuries.
Northeastern Estonia is the site of Lahemaa National Park which houses brown Bears, Wolves, flying Squirrels and Lynx. This country boasts of 1000 lakes, some surrounded by dense forests and wetlands. Numerous streams and rivers are major source of ecological wild activities in the woods. You can take a boat ride along any of these lakes and explore the wildlife or go to the heights and opt for skiing in Otepaa.
Ferrying to one of the 800 islands will bring smile on you face as you see undisturbed light houses, castles and beautiful coastline. Saaremaa and Hiiumaa are amongst the largest islands of Estonia, ideal for serene sea shores. You can relax at a sauna, spa or take mud bath in Parnu to pamper your senses.
Europe's most warm and friendly people make your visit to this forward-thinking land a memorable experience. You can choose from happening night life to party or find solitude in candlelit cellar to stay. Rich Estonian food is tempting and its specialty is hot chocolate with truffles to gorge on, here all your worries will disappear as you travel Estonia.
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It easily surpassed the 200 mark: some 270 exhibitors have registered for the ninth Bar Convent Berlin, about 100 companies more than just last year. All signs are pointing to growth for the leading premium trade show of the bar and beverage industry in Europe. As in prior years, the Bar Convent team has put a special emphasis on offering a top-notch programme. Visitors can look forward to five exhibition halls, eight sold-out stages and countless innovations from the international bar and beverage market. The Bar Convent will take place at Station Berlin on 6 and 7 October 2015.
Exhibitors from 30 countries
From AT for Austria to VE for Venezuela – once again this year, exhibitors will be travelling to Berlin from all corners of the globe to participate in the Bar Convent. Some 30 countries will be represented, dispatching renowned spirits makers such as Beam Global – Jim Beam, Borco Marken Import, Brown-Forman, Campari Germany, Diageo, Mast-Jägermeister SE and Pernod Ricard. IBRAC, the Brazilian Institute of Cachaça and DISCUS, the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, have also booked large stand areas.
In total, 116 of the 268 exhibitors will come to Berlin from outside Germany. The largest exhibitor nation besides Germany will be Italy with 20 companies. Also represented strongly will be the Benelux countries with 17 exhibitors. Other notable European contingents at the Bar Convent will include Spain with nine companies and the UK with eight.
No less than twelve companies will be travelling to Berlin from the US, last year's Country of Honour. Brazil, this year's Country of Honour, is dispatching nine companies across the pond, offering visitors a chance to experience a multifaceted assortment of products from the land of cachaça. In addition, the Mexican industry will be onsite with six exhibitors.
Brazil presents cachaça
The largest country in South America has a rich spirits tradition. As this year's Country of Honour, Brazil will put the spotlight on cachaça. Representing hundreds of cachaça producers across the country, IBRAC, the Brazilian Institute of Cachaça, will host a 70-square-metre stand in Berlin. What's more, visitors can look forward to tastings with Brazilian journalist, blogger and cachaça expert Felipe Januzzi. As part of the lecture programme, IBRAC's Jairo Martins will discuss the history of the spirit.
"Made in GSA"
The Bar Convent continues its focus on the beverage industry in the German-speaking world. This year will see the debut of the "Made in GSA" area in Hall 8. Hosted in cooperation with the magazine Mixology, that space will be dedicated to products from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Mixology created "Made in GSA" in 2006 as a platform to raise the profile of regional products in bars. Held since 2013, the popular "Made in GSA Competition" for bartenders set a new record this year with 66 products by 33 companies and 140 participating bartenders. This year's winners – Alexander Mayer (Passage 46, Freiburg), Jan Jehli (The Parlour, Frankfurt) and Stephan Körner (Breidenbacher Hof, Düsseldorf) – will be presenting their drinks in the "Made in GSA" area.
Some 150 types of beer at Brew Berlin
Never before has there been so much new stuff at the Bar Convent: launched in 2013, Brew Berlin doesn't just give the beer area a distinctive title, starting this year it will actually get its very own exhibition area in Hall 3. In addition, the dedicated, centrally located Brew Berlin stage will feature an extensive supporting programme on all things beer. Another premiere: a range of companies from innovative startups to small and medium-sized companies to major multinationals will be represented this year, reflecting the many facets of the industry.
The beer industry's meeting place will feature 20 exhibitors, including AndUnion, Beck's, Berliner Berg, Braukunst Berlin, BrauKunstKeller, CREW Republic Brewery, the Heiland brewery, Hofmark Brauerei GmbH, Intl. Brau Manufacturen GmbH, Kuehn Kunz Rosen, Lemke Berlin, Ratsherrn, SABMiller – Pilsner Urquell, Sander, Schneider Weisse and von Freude. They'll present about 150 different types of beer altogether.
International beer experts will return to Brew Berlin, as well. They'll offer up-to-date insights into the world of beer and entertain visitors with exciting creations and tastings. For the first time, a dedicated stage for beer talks will be set up to supplement the tastings and presentations on the main stage. Plans include a panel discussion on "Beer Bars – a new type of bar between pub and classic bar" with Dean Pugh (BrewDog), Bart Neirynck (Herman Bar), Maciej Skrzypkowski (Setka Pub, Poznan), Donald Burke (The Bird) and Adrian Sampson (Monterey). Other panel discussions will address topics such as, "Everyone wants craft, but no one can deliver", "Growth & Export vs. Demand", and "German Craft Beer". Additionally, there'll be lectures on "Beer Cocktails", the "Master Class American Craft Beer" and "Beer in the Bar".
Coffee culture in all its diversity
Exquisite hand-roasted beans. Full-flavoured indulgences. Exclusive syrups and ingredients. In a newly created exhibition area, the Bar Convent Berlin will for the first time add the latest coffee trends to its repertoire. Because as a lifestyle or luxury beverage, coffee often enhances the offerings in bars these days. Exhibitors will include market leaders and speciality roasters featuring innovative, user-focussed presentations of new creations and alternative preparation methods.
Lectures and panel discussions hosted by Berlin-based coffee expert Cory Andreen will take place on the Coffee Stage on both days. Taking place on Tuesday will be a discussion on a hot topic – cold-brewed coffee – plus a Cory Andreen lecture providing an outlook on the future of coffee. In Wednesday's panel, Billy Wagner (Nobelhart & Schmutzig), Ramses Manneck (Industry Standard) and Craig Dortkamp (SoHo House Group) will provide tips on "Overcoming the Curse of Bad Coffee in Great Bars". Their talk will be followed by a coffee tasting with various roasts. The evening session on the Coffee Stage will close out the day by highlighting coffee cocktails.
Renowned speakers on eight stages
Presentations, tastings, master classes and podium discussions: across eight stages, the Bar Convent Berlin will offer more education than ever before. The Mixology Stage will feature lectures by international experts as well as podium discussions with opinion leaders from the global bar and beverage community. This year's participants will include Jeffrey Morgenthaler, Jörg Meyer, Phil Duff, Ian Burrell, Josh Harris, Joshua Fontaine, Jared & Anistatia Miller, Guillermo Fortaleza and many more.
Brands and distributors will host lectures, organise tastings and perform cocktail presentations at the Demonstration Bars A, B, C & D. Participants will include Chris Morris, Alex Kratena, Ryan Chetiyawardana, Bettina Kupsa and Stanislav Vadrna. On the second day of the Bar Convent, the Demonstration Bar D will be dedicated exclusively to beverage startups. Organised in cooperation with Distill Ventures, the "BrandStarter" event will offer practical tips for small-business owners and new entrepreneurs. Distill Ventures invests in young brands and provides them with support in areas such as development, production, financing, marketing and other aspects of business planning and management. Now their experts will share part of their know-how with visitors at the Bar Convent. Taking part among others will be Stephan Berg (The Bitter Truth) and Alexander Stein (Monkey 47).
Both Taste Forums will include beverage tastings, all of them conducted as blind tastings. This year, gin-book author Dave Broom will lead visitors on a journey through the world of gin, while Ian Burrell, in his role as Rum Ambassador, will host a guided rum tasting. Felipe Januzzi from São Paulo will focus on artisanal cachaça, Daniele Biondi on unmatured rum and Dom Costa on mezcal.
Opening event: Mixology Market
Kicking off the trade fair on the evening of 5 October will be the Mixology Market in Hall 6 at Station Berlin. Enjoy your first chance to clink glasses with colleagues, partners, customers and friends from the global bar community while enjoying beer, champagne and cocktails from renowned bartenders along with Berlin's trendiest street food from about 20 different stands. Plus, watch a livestream of the 2016 Mixology Bar Awards ceremony.
2014 BeerBartender - All Rights Reserved. Designed by Bliss Creative | Developed by BeerLab


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A series of reversible cowls inspired by West African bogolanfini ("mud cloth") textiles. Mix and match colors and patterns to make it your own.
You will get a PDF (558KB) file.
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Wedding photography is such an important part of your day. Your photography's will stay with you forever making it possible to relive the day again and again. Elegant images captured throughout the day to tell a classic love story.
I want all my Brides and Grooms to feel comfortable and at easy around me on their special day, I offer a complimentary engagement shoot for us to get to know one another. This always helps put Brides and Grooms at easy before the day. It's also a perfect way to capture beautiful portraits of you together as most couples have very few piece of art of themselves.
Intimate Collection –
With your choice of 4 hours coverage. Use this time to cover the most important part of your day. Professional photographer to photography your intimate day. With Family and Friends by your side. All images professional edited and supplied on usb. £535.00
Luxury Collection –
Bridal preparations photographed with hair and make-up. The little details, The laughter and The Happy Tears. Following your guest over to the Church or Venue. The Brides arrival and the Daddy and Daughter aisle moment. Watching the ceremony start to finish. Classic images with close family and friends after the ceremony. Beautiful portraits of the new Mr & Mrs. The embarrassing speeches then onto the cake cutting and dancing the night away. Images are professional edited and supplied on usb. £800
Deluxe Collection –
The full love story from beginning to end. In the morning one photographer with be with the Bride and the other with the Groom. When it comes to the ceremony both photographers will be there to capture the details. With both photographers in different places of the room to tell the full story capturing it from different angles including the emotions of the guests. The classic images with close family and friends will be photographed by one photographer whilst the other goes off to capture the natural and candid shots of the guests. Followed by the speeches, cutting of the cake and the first dance. You really won't miss a moment of your elegant day. This collection includes the cost of both photographers for the day. Images professional edited and supplied on usb. £1000


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I love the boho vibe from this tote bag! I really love the rope and tassel handles.
2. Absolution Sweet & Safe Kiss Lipstick in "N°7 Rose Pétale", £24
This shade looks like a really wearable pink and the ingredients sound really nourishing!
3. Neal's Yard Remedies Rose Facial Wash, £16/100ml
This rose facial wash sounds perfect for my fussy, sensitive skin.
4. WoodWick Hearthwick Oval Vanilla Bean Candle, £24.95
I've wanted to try one of these candles for ages - the wick is made from organic wood and burns with a sound of a crackling fire! One for the Christmas wish list, perhaps.
What's at the top of your wish list this week?


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Our Website Refresh is Live
Excited to announce that our new website is live. We updated the overall design, fonts, redesigned our home page, included our full list of services, and cleaned up the navigation.
Here's our old homepage for posterity!
And this is our new homepage. It feels refreshing to have more white space, cleaner navigation, and a better call to action.


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Windsurfers are invited to join in the 21st Annual Harbour Dash. This is Weymouth's flagship windsurfing event – a simple 6Nm course from Overcombe corner at the Eastern end of Weymouth Bay over to Portland Harbour, in one entrance and out the other and then back to Overcombe.
The 1994 record of 18mins 35 secs, set by Ade Bugler, still stands! 2006 was a close call with Nick Deverell completing the course in just under 21 minutes.
This year's Harbour Dash will be held on 26th August from Overcombe Corner, Weymouth, registration is from 10.00 and the start will be 11am – 11.30am depending on the conditions.
This event is open to all competent windsurfers. It is hoped to have rescue cover but as this an open sea event, basic essentials like spare rope, water and mobile phone are recommended.
For more information, contact Norman Petty on 01305 813179…


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Posted by Communications Team on 3 April 2018 |
Counties Manukau Health has received multiple questions about power issues that have affected CMDHB facilities.
Please see below précis of power issues/outages and a copy of CMH indicative Facilities Capital Requirements table.
Counties Manukau Health will not be conducting any interviews on this subject.
In an emergency you should always
dial 1-1-1
All Departments: (09)276 0044
Patient Enquiries: (09)276 5004
Information: (09)270 4799
Visiting hours: (09)270 4799
Tiaho Mai (Acute Mental Health Unit):
(09)270 4742
Middlemore Hospital, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland 1640


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Hi all, today we will talk about ultimate comedy science fiction series "The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy". This post is in English because the book that I've read was in English. The "Guide" is the series of five books (sometimes called "trilogy in five books") and for February, I planned to read only one (the first) book from the series. But it was too short, and I finished it on 15-th of February (plus minus one day) so I decided to read the second book "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe". Honestly, I wanted to read three books (I thought to complete the story) but didn't have time for the third book till the end of the month.
So the series tells us about space adventures of four main heroes - Arthur Dent from the Earth, his friend Ford Prefect, from a nearby vicinity of Betelgeuse, the president of the galaxy Zaphod Beeblebrox, and Trillian from Earth. The book imbued with waspish sarcasm and satire, and even I laughed in some places (there are very few books that I really laughed at, so this book is really fun).
The main idea that comes through all the plot is that our Universe is ultimately huge and we ourselves are ultimately small, as our problems and our thoughts. We live in our closed world, and even inside we close our mind to everything else, except our way from work to home and some minor difficulties on it. People started to think, that this bounded world is exactly the whole Universe, and it spins around them. The boundness of people precisely reflected in Ford Prefect's question about humans: "Why do they continue to say obvious things like "The weather is good today"?" He tried to compare humanity with highly developed race, that had telepathic abilities and every representative had to say obvious things aloud to not think about something important, not to give this information to others. But this theory didn't fit well to humanity and answer to this question was a puzzle for Ford. So people are blind in their isolated Earth, and in small worlds that everyone built for themselves, but if we open our eyes, we will see an infinite world of opportunities, the whole universe, full of different business, lifeforms, ways of think, points of view, and something, that we couldn't imagine.
Arthur Dent is the man, who occasionally opened his eyes, because of his friend Ford Prefect. He travels the galaxy and surprises every new thing, that can be deadly dangerous or remarkably pleasant. His companions, Zaphod Beeblebrox and Ford Prefect have an understanding of how the Universe work, and act like conductors for Arthur to this huge new world. Despite the main plot tells us about ultimate questions about the meaning of life, I think, the author wants to tell us that it is useless and completely unworthy to search the dim answer, or dim question itself. I didn't finish the main plot because read only two books out of five, but it seems like the main idea is that true meaning of life is to learn and to be happy, to be curious and get a pleasure from your curiosity, to act and not to think or wait and always expand your bounds. Zaphod and Ford live exactly according to these rules and doing only stuff that they like. They understand, that they are too small and the universe is too large and that all in the universe are bounded, and they are completely okay with that, because they just doing things, that they want to do.
I will definitely read all five books in future, I've already added it to my reading queue for next years. I strongly recommend the series to all young people from 14 to 30 (and all other ages too, but for these ages it will be very exemplarily) and I also recommend to read these books in English, because English there is very easy and lightweight, you will understand the language without any troubles and you will learn a lot of useful new words, that, I guarantee, you didn't know before, so please read it to improve your English, if you are beginner in it. Read more books and learn more stuff, see you in my next posts!


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The Moosejaw Drop it Like it's Hot Poop Bag is a handy place to put your dog's poop. Face it dog owners, poop happens and when you're on the trail, or just walking around the 'hood, you've gotta be ready. Prep yourself with 120 of these Moosejaw poop bags and we'll even try to make you laugh while you're doing the dirty work.
So sorry, but only 4 items are allowed for comparison, so we're comparing the first 4. I blame the gnomes and so should you.
Would you like to compare the products you have selected now?


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A special programme is being compiled to mark the upcoming 30th anniversary of the Tā Apirana Ngata Memorial Lectures to be held at Whakarua Park and Uepohatu Memorial Hall.
The lectures will be held over a three day period starting Sunday 6th of October, and concluding Tuesday 8th October.The popular annual event attracts many Ngati Porou at home, along with those living away from home, who are passionate about learning about their culture and identity.
In recent years the lecture's key themes have included "Tribal Histories & Scholarship: Learning about ourselves" and "Ngati Porou: Our Past, Our Present, Our Future". Past speakers have included a range of respected authorities on tribal matters, as well as invited representatives from the worlds of politics, arts, business and sport.
This year's event also marks another important anniversary. 70 years ago the Victoria Cross was presented by Governor General Freyberg to the parents of Second Lieutenant Te Moana-nui-a-KiwaNgarimu. Ngarimu, a member of the C Company branch of the 28th Maori Battalion, was awarded this prestigious medal for his role in the attack on Point 209 at Tebaga Gap, Tunisia.
The public investiture ceremony took place at Whakarua Park in Ruatoria on October 6th, 1943 and over 7000 people were recorded as attending. Tā Apirana Ngata hosted the event and brought together a contingent of 1300 school children and over 300 kapa haka performer to provide entertainment. It was here that the well known waiata by Tuini Ngawai "E te Hokowhitu-a-Tu" was first performed.
The lectures were the brainchild of Sir Tamati Reedy, who in 1983 was serving a Fullbright Scholarship teaching Maori - Pacific Origins and Linguistics at the University of Alabama. "There I wasfeeding students on who and what we are, and our own back home were unable to participate," Sir Tamati recalled. The irony of the situation inspired him to contact the Principal of Ngata College, to introduce the idea of a Lecture series to commemorate Sir A. T. Ngata and his monumental service to Ngati Porou and the nation.


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Folio Top Women: Amy Dickerson
VP, Media Director, Starcom MediaVest Group
Amy has made a tremendous impact on the industry as advertisers, colleagues and industry leaders consider her to be one of the great young minds in the media world. As leader of Spark's Mobile Center of Excellence, Amy is well versed in the global mobile space and is viewed as an industry thought leader, speaking at events around the country. Through her leadership on the digital team, Amy has implemented new procedures to improve agency inefficiencies. She has worked with brands such as ESPN to evolve their digital campaigns, display banners, to a campaign focused on innovative digital experiences across display, video, search, gaming and mobile devices.
Amy also worked with LEGO to shift their stance as a media partner to a content distribution company, a strategy that they still employ today.


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I think they are overly Biblical. They still follow Jewish dietary and Sabbath laws(but not the other laws).
"They still follow Jewish dietary "
They go a bit past that in that they are veggies, no meat at all. I find them to be good people, though. Had neighbors that were SDA and worked at a major hospital that is SDA. Good people and a good hospital. Their beliefs are not strange, just strict. They without question are two of the best people in that neighborhood both in who they are and how they act towards others.


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11/2cups rice, soaked and drained
½ cup grated raw mango
3 green chilli, finely chopped
2 medium size onion chopped
1 tablespoon oil
1 teaspoon mustard seeds
A pinch of asafoetida
6-8 curry leaves
12 -15 fried spilt groundnuts
1 teaspoon split Bengal gram
1 teaspoon skinless split Black gram
½ teaspoon turmeric powder
2 tablespoon chopped fresh coriander
Salt to taste
1. Drain and cook the soaked rice in six cups of boiling, salted water until almost done.
Drain and set aside
2. Heat the oil in a kadai, add the mustard seeds, when they begin to splutter, add
The asafoetida, curry leaves, split bengal and black gram ground nuts. Sauté till the split Bengal and black gram turn lightly browned.
3. Add green chilli and onion fry for one minute. Add salt , turmeric powder and grated raw mango. Simmer for two to three minutes. Add the rice and toss to mix.
4. Serve hot, garnished with fresh coriander