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The Epidemiology and Statistical Mechanics of Zombies
Alexander A. Alemi, Matthew Bierbaum, Christopher R. Myers, James P. Sethna
arXiv:1503.01104v2 [q-bio.PE] 5 Mar 2015
Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
(Dated: March 6, 2015)
We use a popular fictional disease, zombies, in order to introduce techniques used in modern
epidemiology modelling, and ideas and techniques used in the numerical study of critical phenomena.
We consider variants of zombie models, from fully connected continuous time dynamics to a full scale
exact stochastic dynamic simulation of a zombie outbreak on the continental United States. Along
the way, we offer a closed form analytical expression for the fully connected differential equation,
and demonstrate that the single person per site two dimensional square lattice version of zombies
lies in the percolation universality class. We end with a quantitative study of the full scale US
outbreak, including the average susceptibility of different geographical regions.
Zombies captivate the imagination. The idea of a
deadly disease that not only kills its hosts, but turns
those hosts into deadly vectors for the disease is scary
enough to fuel an entire genre of horror stories and films.
But at its root, zombism is just that: a (fictional) disease,
and so should be amenable to same kind of analysis and
study that more traditional diseases have long benefited
Much scholarly attention has focused on more traditional human diseases [10], but recently, academic attention has turned some amount of focus towards zombies
as a unique and interesting modification of classic disease
models. One of the first academic accounts of zombies
was the 2009 article by Munz et al. [12], in which an
early form of a compartmental model of zombism was introduced. Since then, there have been several interesting
papers published including works that perform Bayesian
estimations of the zombie disease parameters [22], look
at how emotional factors impact the spread of zombies
[16], using zombies to gain insight into models of politics
[9], or the interaction of a zombie epidemic and social
dynamics [11, 19]. Additional essays can be found in two
books [4, 20], both collections of academic essays centered
around zombism.
Besides the academic papers, zombies have seen a bit of
a resurgence in fiction. Of particular note are the works
of Max Brooks, including a very detailed Zombie Survival
Guide [1], as well as an oral history of the first zombie
war [2] in a hypothesized post outbreak world. In both
these works Brooks discusses lots of details of zombies
and their behavior often glossed over in other media. In
particular, he makes the connection to disease explicit,
describing zombies as the result of a hypothetical virus:
Zombies form a wonderful model system to illustrate modern epidemiological tools drawn from statistical
mechanics, computational chemistry, and mathematical
modeling. It also forms an ideal vehicle for public outreach: the Center for Disease Control uses preparation
for a zombie apocalypse [17, 18] to promote emergency
preparedness. In this work, we will build up to a fullscale simulation of a zombie outbreak in the continental United States, with realistic values drawn from the
literature and popular culture (section V, simulation accessible online [14]). Before that, we shall use statistical
mechanics to scrutinize the threshold of zombie virulence
that determines whether humanity survives (section IV).
Preceding that, we shall show how methods from computational chemistry can be used to simulate every individual heroic encounter between a human and a zombie
(section III). But we begin by describing and analyzing
a simple model of zombies (the SZR model) – the simplest and most natural generalization to the classic SIR
(Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model used to describe
infectious disease spread in epidemiology.
We start with a simple model of zombies, the SZR
model. There are three compartments in the model: S
represents the susceptible population, in this case the uninfected humans; Z represents the infected state, in this
case zombies; and R represents our removed state, in
this case zombies that have been terminated by humans
(canonically by destroying their brain so as to render
them inoperable). There are two transitions possible: a
human can become infected if they are bitten by a zombie, and a zombie can be destroyed by direct action by a
human. There are two parameters governing these transitions: β, the bite parameter determines the probability
by which a zombie will bite a human if they are in contact, and κ the kill parameter that gives the probability
that a human kills the zombie. Rendered as a system of
coupled differential equations, we obtain, for a particular
interaction site:
S˙ = −βSZ
Z˙ = (β − κ)SZ
R˙ = κSZ
Notice that these interactions are density dependent, in
the sense that the rate at which we convert humans to
zombies and kill zombies is dependent on the total count
of zombies and humans in this site. This is in contrast
with most models of human diseases, which frequently
adopt frequency dependent interactions wherein S, Z, R
would be interpreted as the fraction of the population in
that state.
This distinction will become stark once we consider
large simulations with very inhomogeneous populations.
By claiming that zombies can be modeled by a single bite
parameter β that itself is a rate per person per unit time,
we are claiming that a zombie in a block with 5,000 people would be one hundred times as effective at infecting
new zombies as a zombie in a block with fifty people,
similarly the zombie in question would be killed one hundred times faster. This would seem false for an ordinary
disease like the flu, but in the case of zombies, we argue
that it is appropriate, as zombies directly seek out hosts
to infect, at which point the human and zombie engage
in a dual to the (un)death.
To ease analysis we can nondimensionalize the equations by choosing a relevant population size N , and recasting in terms of the dimensionless time parameter
τ = tβN and dimensionless virulence α = κ/β
= (1 − α)
lim Z(τ ) = P = Z0 + (1 − α)S0
lim S(τ ) = 0
τ →∞
So that P is a constant of the dynamics. As for χ
− 2
= − − (1 − α)
= − (1 + (1 − α)) χ
=− χ
χ0 =
P 0 (τ ) = 0
P (τ ) = P0 = Z(τ ) + (1 − α)S(τ ) = Z0 + (1 − α)S0
−χ P > 0
χ0 (τ ) =
+χ P < 0
S(τ )
e−τ P > 0
χ(τ ) =
= χ0 +τ
Z(τ )
lim f (τ ) = 0
τ →∞
= P 0 = Z 0 + (1 − α)S 0
− (1 − α)
= (1 − α)
So that if we choose N = |P |, we end up with the very
simple dynamics:
Given the analytical solution, it is clear to see that the
sign of P governs whether we will eventually have humans
or zombies in the final state. If α < 1, P > 0, so
τ →∞
In fact, we can recast the dynamics in terms of the
variables P ≡ Z + (1 − α)S and χ = S/Z to gain further
insights. First note that
Unlike a traditional disease (e.g., as modeled by SIR),
for the zombie model, we have a stable configuration
when either the human or the zombie population is defeated (S = 0 or Z = 0). Furthermore, unlike SIR, SZR
admits an analytical solution, assuming R(0) = 0, and
with Z0 ≡ Z(0), S0 ≡ S(0):
P ≡ Z0 + (1 − α)S0
(1 − α) =
f (τ ) ≡ τ P/N
Z(τ ) = P − f (τ )
f (τ )
S(τ ) =
If however, α > 1, then humans are more effective at
killing zombies than zombies are at biting humans, but
if we start with enough zombies in the initial state, we
can still convert all of the humans before they have time
to kill all of the zombies.
and we will always flow to a final state composed of entirely zombies and no humans, where P denotes the number of zombies that survives.
χ0 ≡
Here we see that the dynamics is simply an exponential
decay or increase in the ratio of humans to zombies χ =
S/Z. The final populations in either case are easy to see
due to the conservation of P . If zombies win we have
Z∞ = Z0 + (1 − α)S0
And if humans win
SIR model
This dynamics should be compared to the similarly
nondimensionlized density dependent SIR model:
−µ I
= µI
Where here τ = tβN as above, but µ = ν/(βN ) = R0−1 ,
because in the SIR model our infected population recovers on its own. This should be contrasted with SZR,
where the process of infection and recovery have the same
functional form, depending on the product SZ. This µ is
the inverse of the usual R0 parameter used to denote the
infectivity of the SIR, here used to make a closer analogy
to the SZR model. It is this parameter that principally
governs whether we have an outbreak or not. Unlike the
α parameter for SZR which depends only on our disease constants β, κ, the relevant virulence for the density
dependent SIR model (µ) has a population dependence.
Notice that while the only stable configuration for the
SIR model is when we have no infected population (I =
0), the SZR model is stable when either the humans or
zombies are depleted (S = 0 or Z = 0).
Beyond that, the SIR model does not admit a closed
form analytical solution, but we can find a parametric
solution by dividing the first equation by the third, revealing.
S(τ ) = S0 e−
(R(τ )−R0 )
FIG. 1. Example analytical dynamics for the SIR and SZR
models with an initial population of 200 people, 199 uninfected and 1 infected. The (susceptible, infected, removed)
population is shown in (blue, red, black). The SZR results
are solid lines while the SIR results are lighter lines. For both
models τ = tβN where N was taken to be the total population. For the SZR model α was chosen to be 0.6, while for the
SIR model µ was chosen to be 0.6 to show similar evolutions.
Notice that in this case, in SZR the human population disappears and we are left with zombies in the end, while the SIR
model is self limiting, and only a fraction of the population
ever becomes infected.
And using the observation that in the limit of infinite
time, no infected population can persist, we can choose
N to be the total population
and so obtain a transcendental equation for the recovered
population at long times.
R∞ = N − S0 e−
Unlike the SZR model, here we see that no matter how
virulent the disease is, the epidemic will be self-limiting,
and there will always have some susceptibles left at the
end of the outbreak. This is a stark qualitative difference
between zombies and more traditional SIR models, arising from the fact that the "recovery" of zombies is itself
dependent on the presence of susceptibles.
To visually compare the difference, in Figure 1 we've
shown example analytic dynamics for both SIR and
FIG. 2. Example Gillespie dynamics for the SIR and SZR
models with the same parameter settings as Figure 1. The
(susceptible, infected, removed) population is shown in (blue,
red, black). The SZR results are solid lines while the SIR
results are lighter lines. The two simulations were run with
the same seed so as to match their dynamics at early times.
While most previous studies modeling zombie population dynamics have been deterministic, things get more
interesting when we try to model discrete populations.
By treating the number of zombies and humans as continuous variables in the last section, we are ignoring the ran-
dom fluctuations that arise in small populations: even a
ferociously virulent zombie infestation might fortuitously
be killed early on by happy accident. Similar problems
arise in chemical reactions: reactions involving two types
of proteins in a cell can be described by chemical reaction kinetics evolving their concentrations (like our SZR
equations 4), but if the number of such proteins is small,
accurate predictions must simulate the individual binary
reactions (each zombie battling each human). Interpreting our SZR transitions as reaction rates, gives us a system akin to a chemical reaction with two possible transitions:
When a human and zombie are in contact, the probability of a bite in a small period of time is given by the bite
rate and the size of the populations of the two species
(βSZ dt), and similarly for the probability of a kill. In
order to efficiently simulate this dynamics, we use Gillespie dynamics [7], which efficiently uses the computer to
sequentially calculate the result of each one-on-one battle.
The stochasticity gives more character to the simulation. The fully connected continuous dynamics modelled
by the differential equation is straight forward: either the
humans win and kill all of the zombies, or the zombies
win and bite all of the humans. While the continuous approximation may be appropriate at intermediate stages
of the infection where the total population is large and
there are a non-trivial number of infected individuals,
we will eventually be interested in simulating an actual
outbreak on an inhomogeneous population lattice, where
every new site will start with a single infected individual. But even though we may be interested in modeling
the outbreak case (α < 1), we would like to allow the
possibility that the humans manage to defeat the outbreak before it really takes off. The stochastic Gillespie
dynamics allows for this possibility.
In Figure 2 we've shown an example of a single stochastic simulation using the same parameter settings as those
used in Figure 1. The stochastic trajectory overall tracks
the analytic result, but at points in the simulation there
may be more or less zombies than anticipated if the dice
fall that way.
Another implication of stochastic dynamics is that it is
not always guaranteed that an α < 0 outbreak will take
over the entire susceptible population. For the parameter
settings used in Figure 1 and 2, namely α = 0.6 with a
population of 200 and one infected individual to start,
the zombies win only 40% of the time. Additionally, the
number of zombies we end with isn't fixed; as shown in
Figure 3.
In fact, we can solve for the probability that an α < 1
simulation will go extinct in the limit of large populations. We are interested in Pext , the probability that the
FIG. 3. Distribution for final zombies over 100,000 Gillespie
runs of the same settings as Figure 2. Not pictured are the
60% of runs that end with no zombies in the final state. Compare these to the analytical result, in which the final population of zombies would be 81.
The observed fraction of simulations that end in
an extinction for the zombie outbreak, for 1,000 runs of 104
individuals at various values of α (eqn. 33). The observed
extinction probabilities agree with the expectation that they
should go as α, here shown as the dashed blue line. This is
the same behavior as the SIR model.
outbreak goes extinct. At the very beginning of the simulation, there is only one zombie, who will be killed with
probability κ/(β + κ). If we kill the first zombie before
he bites anyone, we guarantee extinction. Otherwise, the
zombie will bite another human, at which point we will
have two independent zombie lines that we need to each
cause to go extinct, which will occur with probability
. This allows us to solve:
β + κ ext
= =α.
Pext =
The probability of extinction is just given by our dimensionless inverse virulence α. In Figure 4 we've shown the
observed extinction probabilities for 1,000 Gillespie runs
of a population of 104 individuals at various values of α,
and overlaid our expected dependence of α.
This same extinction probability (Pext = µ = R0−1 ) is
observed for the SIR model [10]. This is not a coincidence. In fact, in precisely the limit that is important for
studying the probability of an extinction event, namely at
early times with very large populations, the SZR model
and SIR are effectively the same, since the population of
susceptibles (S) is nearly constant. Writing S as S0 −δS,
we have:
= (1 − α)
− (1 − α)
µN S0 I
= 1−
− (µN + δS) .
Here as δS → 0, the two models are the same with α =
µN/S0 , another indication that the density dependent
SIR model's virulence is dependent on population size.
To get a better sense of the effect of the stochasticity,
we can look at the mean fractional population in each
state for various settings of α and choices for initial population size. The results are shown in Figure 5.
Shown are the fractional populations in the final state
left for both the SZR model (top row) and SIR model
(bottom row) for different parameter combinations of α
and the initial population. In all cases, the N parameter
was chosen to be 100. For each pixel, 1,000 independently seeded runs of Gillespie dynamics were calculated
until completion. Looking at the SZR results in the top
row, we can see that the dynamics is fairly independent
of population size once the population size gets above
around 100 individuals. The population dependence for
lower population sizes is an effect of the stochasticity. We
can clearly see a transition in the susceptible population
near α = 1 corresponding to where our continuous dynamics would show a sharp boundary. Here the boundary
is blurred, again due to the stochasticity. The final dead
zombie population R remains small for all values of α; for
extremely virulent zombies α 1, very few will be killed
by the humans before all of the humans are converted,
while in the other extreme few zombies are created so
there are few to be killed.
Contrast these results with the density dependent SIR
dynamics shown in the second row. There can be no infected individuals left in the end, so only the fraction of S
and R in the final state are shown. The two transitions in
SIR couple differently to the population of infected and
susceptible. While our nondimensionalized SZR model
has Z 0 = (1 − α)SZ/N , our nondimensionlized SIR has
I 0 = (S/N − µ)I. This creates a very strong population
dependence. The transition observed in the S population
is largely independent of µ, except on the very small end.
When we move to inhomogeneous population lattices this
means that for the density dependent SIR model, the
most important parameter governing whether a particular site has a breakout infection is the population of that
site on the lattice.
FIG. 5. Results from many Gillespie runs. One thousand different simulations are run for each cell. Each simulation starts
with a single zombie or infected individual. The runs are run
until they naturally terminate, either because the susceptible
population is deleted, the zombie population is gone, or there
are no more infected individuals. Each cell is colored according to the mean fraction of the population occurring in each
state. The top row is for SZR simulations and the bottom row
is for SIR simulations. In both cases N is chosen to be 100.
Here the stark contrast between density dependent SZR and
SIR is made apparent. Notice that density-dependent SIR
is very strongly population dependent.
Until now, we've considered fully connected populations, where any infected individual can infect any susceptible individual. But surely, a zombie in New York
cannot bite someone in Los Angeles. Studies of the spatial spread of infectious diseases is one of the applications of network science; social diseases spread among
intimate contacts, Ebola spreads by personal contact in
a network of caregivers, influenza can be spread by direct
contact, through the air or by hand-to-mouth, hand-toeye or hand-to-nose contact after exposure to a contaminated surface. For most diseases, 'long bonds' dominate
the propagation to distant sites [13] – airplane flights take
Ebola to new continents. Zombies do not fly airplanes, so
our model is closer in spirit to the spread of certain agricultural infestations, where the disease spreads across a
lattice of sites along the two-dimensional surface of the
Earth (although not those in which pathogens are transported long distances by atmospheric currents).
To begin, we will consider a two dimensional lattice,
where each site contains a single individual. Each individual is allowed to be in one of three states: S, Z,
or R. The infection spreads through nearest neighbor
bonds only. That is, a zombie can bite or be killed by
any susceptible individuals in each of the four touching
To make direct contact with our zombie model, the
rate at which an susceptible cell is bitten is given by βZ
where Z is the number of zombie neighbors (since S is
one), and the rate at which a zombie site is killed is κS
where S is the number of susceptible neighbors.
Because all state transitions in the SZR model depend only on Z–S contacts, for computational efficiency,
we need only maintain a queue of all Z–S bonds, that is
connections along which a human and zombie can interact. At each step of the simulation, one of these
Z–S bonds is chosen at random, and with probability
β/(β + κ) = 1/(1 + α), we bite the human, marking it
as a zombie and visiting each of its neighbors. If any of
its neighbors are human, we add that link to our queue.
With probability κ/(β + κ) = α/(1 + α) we kill the zombie, removing any of its links to neighboring humans from
the queue. This process matches the stochastic dynamics
of our zombie model operating on the lattice.
Simulating zombie outbreaks on fixed lattices, there is
qualitatively different behavior for small α and large α.
When α is large, the zombies do not spread very far, always being defeated by their neighboring humans. When
α is very small, the zombies seem to grow until they infect the entire lattice. This suggests evidence of a phase
transition. Technically, the presence of a phase transition
would mean that if we could simulate our model on an infinite lattice, there should be some critical α (αc ), above
which any outbreak will necessarily terminate. Below the
critical value, we have the possibility (assuming we don't
go extinct) of having the infection grow without bound,
infecting a finite fraction of individuals, even on the infinite lattice. The SIR model has been demonstrated
to undergo such a phase transition, and we expect the
zombie model does as well.
The study of critical phenomena includes a series of
techniques and analyses that enable us to study the property of these hypothetical phase transitions even on finite
lattices. A major theme of critical phase transitions is
that with the order parameter (the parameter governing
the transition, in this case α) set to precisely the critical
value, models show scale free behavior, meaning there
is no natural length scale to the dynamics, and various
physical parameters all are governed by power laws.
With α chosen to be precisely at the critical value, we
expect to see fractal like growth (Fig. 6). Note that there
are holes (surviving pockets of humans) of all sizes in the
figure. This reflects the proximity to the threshold: the
battle between zombies and humans is so evenly matched,
that one gets an emergent scale invariance in the survival
patterns. This is in keeping with studies of the SIR
model, which shows a similar critical behavior and phase
transition [8].
FIG. 6. Example cluster resulting from the single population
per site square lattice zombie model with periodic boundary
conditions near the critical point αc = 0.437344654(21) on a
lattice of size 2048 × 2048.
Systems near critical points with this kind of scale
invariance fall into universality classes. Different systems (say, a real disease outbreak and a simple computational model) can in many ways act precisely the
same on large scales near their transitions (allowing us to
predict behavior without knowing the details of zombiehuman (anti)social interactions). The SIR model on a
two-dimensional lattice with a single person per site falls
into the percolation universality class [3], though details
of its cluster growth can differ [21]. Given that the SZR
model has two second order couplings, it is of interest
whether it falls into the same percolation universality
To extract the scaling behavior of our zombie infestation, we study the distribution P (s, α), the probability
that a single zombie will generate an outbreak of size s
at inverse virulence α. (An outbreak will be a fractal
cluster in two dimensions, with ragged boundaries if it
dies out before reaching the entire world.) At α = αc
where the zombies and humans are equally matched, we
have an emergent scale invariance. A large outbreak will
appear to almost stop several times – it can be viewed
as a sequence of medium-sized outbreaks triggering one
another. Medium-sized outbreaks are composed of small
outbreaks, which are in turn composed of tiny outbreaks.
At threshold, each of these scales (large, medium, small)
is related to the lower scale (medium, small, tiny) in the
same fashion. Let us oversimplify to say that at criticality an outbreak of size 3s is formed by what would have
been three smaller outbreaks of size s which happened
to trigger one another, and these in turn are formed by
what would have been three outbreaks of size s/3. If the
probabilities and form of this mutual triggering is the
same at each scale, then it would not surprise us that
many properties of the outbreaks would be the same, after rescaling the sizes by a factor of three. In particular,
we expect at the critical point to find the probabilities of
avalanches of size s to be related to the probabiities at
size s/3 by some factor f :
P (s, αc ) = f P (s/3, αc ).
This formula implies that P (s, αc ) ∝ s−τ , with τ =
log(1/f )/ log(3). The distribution of epidemic infection
rates is a power law.
Figure 7 shows a thorough test of this dependence for
our zombie model, following a procedure akin to that
of reference [21]. We simulated a zombie outbreak on
a two-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary conditions starting with a single zombie. With the outbreak
sizes following a power law distribution, the probability
that a site belongs to a cluster of size ns is Ps = sns , so
that at the critical point Ps ∼ s1−τ . Integrating from s
to ∞, the probability that a point belongs to a cluster
of at least s in size P≥s should at the critical point itself follow a powerlaw: P≥s ∼ s2−τ . To find our critical
point αc , we ran many simulations until our integrated
cluster size distribution followed a power law, using the
interpolation methods of reference [21] to get a precise
estimate of the critical point.
For zombies on a two dimensional lattice, this critical
point occurs at αc = 0.437344654(21), the resulting integrated cluster size distribution is shown at the top of
Fig. 7. Percolation theory predicts τ = 187/91 in two dimensions, and we test that prediction in the bottom part
of Fig. 7. Here, if we were precisely at the critical point
and the SZR model was in the percolation universality
class, we would have a perfectly straight line. Notice
the small scale our experimental results vary over several
order of magnitude. The clear agreement convincingly
shows that the zombie model on the two dimensional lattice is in the percolation university class.
As an additional check, we computed the fractal dimension of our clusters near the critical point using box
counting, a distribution for which is shown in Figure 8.
We find a fractal dimension D = 1.8946(14), compared
to the exact percolation value of D = 91/48 = 1.895833.
Why did we need such an exhaustive test (many
decades of scaling, many digits in our estimate of αc )?
On the one hand, a much smaller simulation could have
told us that there was emergent scale invariance and fractal behavior near the transition; one or two decades of
scaling should be convincing. But it turns out that there
are multiple different universality classes for this kind of
invasion process, and their exponents τ and D are rather
similar. And a small error in αc can produce large shifts
in the resulting fits for τ and D – demanding efficient
programming and fast computers to achieve a definitive
FIG. 7. The cumulative distribution of epidemic sizes for the
two dimensional zombie model near the critical virulence. The
critical point found was αc = 0.437344654(21). The top plot
shows the probability of a site being in a cluster of at least s
in size (P≥s ). The fact that it forms a straight line on a loglog plot indicates that P≥s is a power law, and the slope is
2 − τ . For comparison, the blue line shows the powerlaw corresponding to the percolation critical exponent: τ = 187/91.
The bottom plot shows the same data times sτ −2 using the
exponent from percolation theory. The plot is very nearly flat
suggesting the percolation exponent accurately describes the
zombie model.
We conclude that the single person per site zombie
infestation, near the critical virulence, will on long length
scales develop spatial infestation patterns that are well
described by two-dimensional percolation theory.
Having explored the general behavior of the zombie
model analytically, stochastically and on homogeneous
single person lattices, we are prepared to simulate a full
scale zombie outbreak.
FIG. 8. A histogram of the observed fractal dimension of the
zombie epidemic clusters as measured by box counting. These
give a measured value of D = 1.8946(14), consist with the
exact percolation fractal dimension of D = 91/48 = 1.895833.
Inhomogeneous Population Lattice
We will attempt to simulate a zombie outbreak occurring in the United States. This will be similar to our lattice simulation, but with an inhomogeneous population
lattice. We based our lattice on code available for creating a "dot map" based off the 2010 US Census data [15].
The 2010 Census released census block level data, detailing the location and population of 11,155,486 different
blocks in the United States. To cast these blocks down
to a square grid, we assigned each of the 306,675,005 reported individuals a random location inside their corresponding census block, then gridded the population into
a 1500 × 900 grid based on latitude and longitude coordinates. The resulting population lattice can be seen
in the top half of Figure 9. You will see the presence
of many empty grids, especially throughout the western
United States. This disconnects the east and west coasts
in a clearly artificial pattern – our zombies in practice
will gradually wander through the empty grid points. To
add in lattice connectivity, we did six iterations of binary
closing (an image processing technique) on the population lattice and added it to the original. The effect was
to add a single person to many vacant sites, taking our
total population up to 307,407,336. The resulting population map is shown in the bottom half of Figure 9. This
grid size corresponds to roughly 3 km square boxes. The
most populated grid site is downtown New York City,
with 299,616 individuals. The mean population of the
occupied grid sites is 420, the median population of an
occupied site is 13.
Augmented Model
In order to more 'realistically' simulate a zombie outbreak, we made two additions to our simplified SZR
model. The first was to add a latent state E (Exposed).
FIG. 9. A 1500 × 900 grid of the 2010 US Census Data. The
above figure gives the raw results. Notice the multitude of
squares with no people in them in the Western United States.
The bottom figure shows the resulting map after 6 steps of
binary closing added to the original population.
The second was to introduce motion for the zombies.
Considered as a system of differential equations, we now
S˙ i = −βSi Zi
E˙ i = −νEi
Z˙ i = νEi − κSi Zi
R˙ i = κSi Zi
Z˙ i = µ
Zj − µZi
or as a set of reactions:
βSi Zi
(Si , Ei ) −−−−−→ (Si − 1, Ei + 1)
(Zi , Ei ) −−−−−
→ (Zi + 1, Ei − 1)
κSi Zi
(Zi , Ri ) −−−−
−→ (Zi − 1, Ri + 1)
hi ji : (Zi , Zj ) −−−−−→ (Zi − 1, Zj + 1) .
Here i denotes a particular site on our lattice. hji denotes
a sum over nearest neighbor sites, hi ji denotes that i and
j are nearest neighbors. In this model, zombies and humans only interact if they are at the same site, but the
zombies diffuse on the lattice, being allowed to move to
a neighboring site with probability proportional to their
population and some diffusion constant (µ). We assume
that the humans do not move, not only for computational efficiency, but because, as we will see, the zombie
outbreaks tend to happen rather quickly, and we expect
large transportation networks to shut down in the first
days, pinning most people to their homes. The addition
of a latent state coincides with the common depiction
that once a human has been bitten, it typically takes
some amount of time before they die and reanimate as a
zombie. If a human is bitten, they transition to the E
state, where at some constant rate (ν) they convert into
the zombie state.
To choose our parameters we tried to reflect common depictions of zombies in movies. In the work of
Witkowski and Blais [22], they performed a Bayesian fit
of a very similar SZR model to two films, Night of the
Living Dead, and Shawn of the Dead. In both cases, the
observed α was very close to 0.8. This means that the
zombies in the films are 1.25 times more effective at biting humans than the humans are at killing the zombies.
We will adopt this value for our simulation. For our latent state, we adopt a value close to that reported for
Shawn of the Dead, namely a half life of 30 minutes. To
set our movement parameter, we estimate that zombies
move at around 1 ft/sec. To estimate the rate at which
the zombies will transition from one cell to the next, we
assume that the zombies behave like a random gas inside
the cell, so that the probability that a zombie will cross
a cell boundary is roughly 14 LZ2 Lv∆t, that is, one fourth
of the zombies within v∆t of the edge will move across
that edge in a small amount of time. This suggests a
value of µ of 0.0914 /hr. This corresponds to an average
time between transitions of around 11 hours, which for a
zombie stumbling around a 3 km block agrees with our
intuitions. Finally, to set a rate for our bite parameter,
we similarly assume that the zombies are undergoing random motion inside the cell at 1 ft/sec, and they interact
with a human anytime they come within 100 feet. We
can then estimate the rate at which humans and zombies
will interact as SZ Rv∆t
L2 , which corresponds to a choice of
β of around 3.6 × 10−3 /hr. Another way to make sense
of these parameter choices is to ask how many susceptible individuals must be in a cell before a single zombie
3.6 × 10−3 /hr/person
2 /hr
0.0914 /hr
TABLE I. The parameters chosen for our US-scale simulations of a zombie outbreak. These parameters were chosen to
correspond with standard depictions of zombies and simple
physical estimations explained in the main text.
has a higher rate for biting a human than transitioning
to a neighboring cell. For our choice of parameters, this
N β = 4µ =⇒ N ∼ 102 .
This corresponds to a low population density of
∼ 11 people/km2 , again agreeing with our intuition. All
of our parameter choices are summarized in Table I.
Simulation Details
To effectively simulate an outbreak at this scale, we
employed the Next Reaction Method of [6]. We maintained a priority queue of all possible reactions, assigning each the time at which the reaction would take place,
an exponentially distributed random number with scale
set by the rate for the reaction. At each time step of
the simulation, we popped the next reaction off of the
queue, and updated the state of the relevant squares on
our grid. Whenever population counts changed, we of
course needed to update the times for the reactions that
depend on those population counts. This method remained efficient for simulating the entire US. However,
at late times a large amount of simulation time was spent
simulating the diffusion of the zombies back and forth between highly populated states. We could have achieved
additional computational efficiency by adopting the time
dependent propensity function approach of Fu et al. [5].
With the simulation in place, we are now in a position
to simulate a full scale zombie outbreak. We first consider
an outbreak that began with one in every million individuals starting in the Exposed (E) state in the United
States. For a single instance the overall populations are
shown in Figure 10. This looks similar to the analytical
outbreaks we saw in Figure 1, but with a steeper rate
of initial infection and some slight perturbations to the
curves. The total population curves however hide most of
the interesting features. In Figure 11 we attempt to give
a sense of how this outbreak evolves, showing the state
(a) 1 Day
(b) 2 Days
(c) 1 Week
(d) 2 Weeks
(e) 3 Weeks
(f) 4 Weeks
(g) 2 Months
(h) 4 Months
FIG. 10. The S (blue), Z (red), R (black), and E (green)
populations as a function of time for a full scale zombie outbreak in the continental United States starting with one in
every million people infected.
of the United States at various times after the outbreak
As you can see, for the parameters we chose, most of
the United States population has been turned into zombies by the first week, while the geographic map doesn't
necessarily seem all that compelling. In the early stages
of the outbreak, while the population is roughly homogeneous, the zombie plague spreads out in roughly uniform circles, where the speed of the infection is tied to
the local population density. Infestations on the coasts,
with their higher population density, have spread farther than those near the center of the country. After
several weeks, the map exhibits stronger anisotropy, as
we spread over larger geographical areas and the zombie
front is influenced by large inhomogeneities in population
density. After four weeks, much of the United States has
fallen, but it takes a very long time for the zombies to
diffuse and capture the remaining portions of the United
States. Even four months in, remote areas of Montana
and Nevada remain zombie free.
To investigate the geographical characteristics of the
outbreak, we must move beyond a single instance of an
outbreak and study how different regions are affected in
an ensemble of outbreaks. If it takes a month to develop
and distribute an effective vaccine (or an effective strategy for zombie decapitation), what regions should one locate the zombie-fighting headquarters? We ran 7,000 different 28-day zombie outbreaks in the continental United
States starting with a single individual. A single instance
of one of these outbreaks originating in New York City
is shown in Figure 12.
By averaging over all of these runs, we can start to
build a zombie susceptibility map, as shown in Figure
13. In the top plot, we show the probability that the
given cell is overrun by zombies after seven days. Here
you can clearly see that there are certain regions – those
surrounding populous metropolitan areas – that are at a
greater risk. This is partly because those regions have
lots of individuals who could potential serve as patient
zero, and partly due to the rapid spread of zombies in
FIG. 11. Simulation of a zombie outbreak in the continental
United States. Initially one in every million individuals was
infected at random. Results are shown above at (a) one day,
(b) two days, (c) one week, (d) two weeks, (e) three weeks,
(f) four weeks, and (g) two months after the outbreak begins.
Shown here are the population of susceptible individuals (S)
in blue, scaled logarithmically, zombies in red and removed in
green. All three channels are superimposed.
those areas. In the bottom plot, we plot the probability
that the cell is overrun, but at the 28 day mark.
After 28 days, it is not the largest metropolitan areas that suffer the greatest risk, but the regions located
between large metropolitan areas. For instance, in California it is the region near Bakersfield in the San Joaquin
Valley that is at the greatest risk as this area will be overrun by zombies whether they originate in the San Francisco area or the Los Angeles / San Diego area. The area
with the greatest one month zombie risk is north eastern
Pennsylvania, itself being susceptible to outbreaks originating in any of the large metropolitan areas on the east
ena. We have described and analyzed various zombie
models, from one describing deterministic dynamics in a
well-mixed system to a full scale US epidemic. We have
given a closed form analytical solution to the well-mixed
dynamic differential equation model. We compared the
stochastic dynamics to a comparable density-dependent
SIR model. We investigated the critical behavior of the
single person per site two-dimensional square lattice zombie model and demonstrated it is in the percolation universality class. We ran full scale simulations of a zombie
epidemic, incorporating each human in the continental
United States, and discussed the geographical implications for survival.
FIG. 12. Status of the United States 28 days after an outbreak that started in New York City. Here blue represents
humans, red represents zombies and green represents dead
zombies. The three color channels have been laid on top of
one another.
Zombies offer a fun framework for introducing many
modern concepts from epidemiology and critical phenom-
We acknowledge NSF IIS–1247696 and Cornell University for support of this research, and thank Paul Ginsparg
for useful references and conversations.
[1] Max Brooks. The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete protection from the living dead. Broadway books, 2003.
[2] Max Brooks. World War Z. Querido's Uitgeverij BV,
Em., 2013.
[3] John L Cardy and Peter Grassberger. Epidemic models
and percolation. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and
General, 18(6):L267, 1985.
[4] Andrew Cartmel et al. Mathematical Modelling of Zombies. University of Ottawa Press, 2014.
[5] Jin Fu, Sheng Wu, Hong Li, and Linda R Petzold. The
time dependent propensity function for acceleration of
spatial stochastic simulation of reaction–diffusion systems. Journal of Computational Physics, 274:524–549,
[6] Michael A Gibson and Jehoshua Bruck. Efficient exact stochastic simulation of chemical systems with many
species and many channels. The journal of physical chemistry A, 104(9):1876–1889, 2000.
[7] Daniel T Gillespie, Andreas Hellander, and Linda R Petzold. Perspective: Stochastic algorithms for chemical kinetics. The Journal of chemical physics, 138(17):170901,
[8] Peter Grassberger. On the critical behavior of the general
epidemic process and dynamical percolation. Mathematical Biosciences, 63(2):157–172, 1983.
[9] Ronald Hochreiter and Christoph Waldhauser. Zombie politics: Evolutionary algorithms to counteract
the spread of negative opinions.
arXiv preprint
arXiv:1401.6420, 2014.
[10] Matt J Keeling and Pejman Rohani. Modeling infectious
diseases in humans and animals. Princeton University
Press, 2008.
[11] Bruno Mota. Optimum survival strategies against zombie
infestations-a population dynamics approach. Bulletin of
the American Physical Society, 59, 2014.
[12] Philip Munz, Ioan Hudea, Joe Imad, and Robert J
Smith? When zombies attack!: mathematical modelling
of an outbreak of zombie infection. Infectious Disease
Modelling Research Progress, 4:133–150, 2009.
[13] Mark EJ Newman, I Jensen, and RM Ziff. Percolation
and epidemics in a two-dimensional small world. Physical
Review E, 65(2):021904, 2002.
[14] http://mattbierbaum.github.io/zombies-usa/.
[15] https://github.com/meetar/dotmap.
[16] Felipe Nunez, Cesar Ravello, Hector Urbina, and Tomas
Perez-Acle. A rule-based model of a hypothetical zombie
outbreak: Insights on the role of emotional factors during
behavioral adaptation of an artificial population. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1210.4469, 2012.
[17] U.S. Department of Health, Human Services Centers
for Disease Control, and Prevention.
101: Zombie pandemic. http://www.cdc.gov/phpr/
[18] U.S. Department of Health, Human Services Centers for Disease Control, and Prevention.
Preparedness 101:
Zombie apocalypse.
preparedness-101-zombie-apocalypse/, 2011.
[19] Evelyn Sander and Chad M Topaz. The zombie swarm:
Epidemics in the presence of social attraction and repulsion. Mathematical Modelling of Zombies, page 265,
[20] Robert Smith? Braaaiiinnnsss!: From Academics to
Zombies. University of Ottawa Press, 2011.
FIG. 13. Average survivability from US scale runs. In both cases, the plot shows the probability of being infected in that
square after an epidemic that originates from a single infected individual chosen at random from the total population. The top
figure is the probability of being infected after 7 days, while the bottom plot is after 28 days. In total, this represents 7,000
simulated runs starting from a single individual. The top plot represents the 1,467 outbreaks that lasted at least 7 days, the
bottom plot represents 1,458 outbreaks that lasted at least 28 days.
ania Tom´e and Robert M Ziff. Critical behavior of the
susceptible-infected-recovered model on a square lattice.
Physical Review E, 82(5):051921, 2010.
[22] Caitlyn Witkowski and Brian Blais. Bayesian analysis of
epidemics-zombies, influenza, and other diseases. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1311.6376, 2013.


text:
What on earth is Christmas fatigue anyway??
Christmas fatigue is more common than you might think. It's the one time of the year that apparently we need to catch up with everyone we have ever known in our life. We must do more dinners, more lunches, more baking of treats and more buying of presents.
It's more important that you enjoy this time of the year and this involves understanding that doing too much will cause fatigue. Maybe it's time to say NO to those friends you only ever see once a year and organise a catch up in the New Year. Maybe it's time to buy cookies from the supermarket (yes it is not illegal to do this and doesn't make you a bad mum) and send your kid to school with that instead. Maybe it's time to only buy something special for someone special.
So how do you know if you are suffering from Christmas fatigue:
- When you start forgetting important things. When you find yourself lacking focus and forgetting important events or meetings, this is the first warning sign you may be heading towards Christmas fatigue. I forget things at the best of times – but lately ..argh… I am struggling to remember what bloody day it is.
- When you're not taking care of yourself. This is a popular one, especially with women as we often put others before ourselves. With all the festivities including too much eating, drinking and late nights, spending a little time making sure you are trying to balance it with some healthy stuff too. Is cheese and wine considered a healthy combination?
- When you are lacking motivation. With so much going on around you, everyone trying to fit in more than what's possible in the average day, it can drain you of all your energy. I am struggling to get out of bed someday because I know what each entails and sometimes I don't know if I actually have any energy left. When you are feeling like this, Christmas fatigue may be setting in.
- Sleep – what sleep!!! When you wake up and your brain is going 100 miles an hour and you are checking that list, and then checking it twice – you know you are bloody knackered. Having quality sleep beats quantity anyway – so write what you need to do tomorrow and LET IT GO.
- When you think Depression maybe settling in. It's interesting how depression can sneak into the most festive of seasons, and this is simply due to over doing it and just being tired. If you are feeling like things are getting on top of you, please don't be afraid to ask for help – there are so many beautiful people out there in your corner. I promise.
- When there is conflict at home and work. Between finalising all the crap at work and keeping everyone happy at home, exhaustion can set in pretty quickly. As a mother of 4, trying to keep the peace, remember who is doing what and where and the needs of my clients, I'm stuffed. Time for a wine I think..shhh.
- When you have lost your appetite. OK – I sometimes wish this is what would happen to me this time of the year but for some, it can actually be quite dangerous. I never struggle with this – I say eat more cheese, crackers and wash it all down with – yes you are right – champagne.
- When the negative is winning the war. If you are normally a glass half full person but lately everything seems to be half empty, it's time to look into whether you are suffering Christmas burnout. No one likes to be around a downer this time of year so I say fill that bloody glass up and RELAX.
- When you're pleasing EVERYONE. What can I say to this – STOP. You can't always make it to every event. You don't always have time to bake those cookies for kids break up. Stop with the pressure.
Are you shuddering from Christmas fatigue?
Linking up with Kylie Purtell for team #IBOT

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Fashion crazes of 1968 are seen in this fantastic swinging sixties story.
British Pathé
Britain swings like crazy as stories are gathered for the first issue of groovy new magazine 'Intro' (neg version - see note in description).
Good stock shot material of young people drinking in a pub.
Excellent swinging sixties item about psychedelic nightclub in Munich.
Groovy youngsters dancing on set of 'Ready Steady Go'.


text:
Camp AMIGOS
|NEXT Camp AMIGOS Day Camp:
|Date: TBA
|At our Camp AMIGOS Day Camp, we will provide a safe, fun and loving atmosphere for your child. There will be music, arts & crafts, and games.
Also, lunch is provided.
Please enter the new parking lot off of Coosa River Road and drop off your child at the MAIN ENTRANCE of the Fellowship Hall.
For more information, contact the church office at (334) 569-2482.
|Camp AMIGOS (Amazingly Made In God's Own Spirit) is a ministry of Shoal Creek Baptist Church started in June 2013. Camp AMIGOS is a day camp for children with special needs.
|Camp AMIGOS not only provides children with special needs a place to play and have a fun time but also gives the parents a time to relax and complete tasks that can be difficult with their child around. Camp AMIGOS also is a huge blessing to the volunteers that get to spend time with these precious children. "The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life." Job 33:4
|My name is Annie Culverhouse. In the Spring of 2012, I met a little girl with special needs named Emily McCaa. We quickly bonded and became good friends, and my heart began to change. That same year, I was able to volunteer at a special needs camp at my grandparents' church, Camp HOPE. During the fall semester of my sophomore year, I had the opportunity to aide in Mrs. Traci Guy's special needs class at Holtville Elementary. In February of 2013, while attending a youth conference (DNOW), I heard a young woman speak about making our dreams a reality. With the help of many people (Gene & Lesley DeVaughn, Barbara Kay Edwards, Traci Guy and Traci Culverhouse), my love for Emily, the experience at Camp HOPE, and the passion God placed in my heart, my dream is now a reality.
|Check out our Camp AMIGOS Facebook page by clicking on the link below and Liking our page. Also, for information about the Montgomery Area Down Syndrome Support Group and Autism Speaks, click on the links below.


text:
the film
Umatilla Tribes Say Will Sueby CBB Staff
Saying that spilling water over dams is the safest route for juvenile salmon and steelhead, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation threatened this week to sue the federal government if summer spill at Columbia River dams is curtailed as proposed.
The Bonneville Power Administration and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed a three-year program that could save BPA as much as $45 million each year by reducing spill at dams in July and completely eliminating spill in August. A complete elimination of summer spill in July and August would save the agency as much as $70 million.
An amended proposal is due this week and the federal agencies have said they would make a final ruling on the proposal by April 30.
BPA and the Corps have said the plan would cut the return of endangered Snake River fall chinook salmon by 2 to 20 fish as well as 1,575 to 12,600 other non-listed fall chinook salmon species, which is less than 2 percent of the run, according to Mike Hansen of BPA.
However, the Umatilla Tribes said the plan would actually impact thousands more salmon and steelhead, including fish returning to the newly-recovered Umatilla River, all of which the tribes consider important.
"Bonneville has misled the public with their message that summer spill would save $77 million and kill only 24 fish. Both those numbers are wrong," said Jay Minthorn, chair of the Umatilla's Fish and Wildlife Committee and vice-chair of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. "The fact is that this action will cause the deaths of tens of thousands of fish across the region and set back salmon recovery."
The Tribes said that spill is "regionally undisputed as the safest passage route for salmon through dams" and cited as sources for the assertion the Independent Scientific Advisory Board, the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, along with federal agencies assigned to implementing Endangered Species Act (ESA) plans.
The goal of the reduced spill operation proposed by BPA and the Corps is to achieve similar or better biological benefits for salmon using offset mitigation at an estimated cost of $2 to $5 million, which is less than the cost of the current spill program, according to BPA. Those offsets include an accelerated Pikeminnow program and one-half of the benefit of Grant County Public Utility District's additional anti-stranding actions.
The two federal agencies are meeting Wednesday of this week to decide on an amended proposal, but the outcome of that meeting is unknown at this time, said Hansen.
"As far as the Umatilla lawsuit, we think that it is premature," Hansen said. "We haven't even made a decision on the final proposal, let alone know what NOAA would decide."
He said that a final proposal should be completed by April 30 and that would be sent to NOAA Fisheries for a decision, which BPA expects some time in May.
Rick George, counsel for the Umatilla Tribes, said that if the federal agencies formalize their proposal to curtail summer spill, the tribes would sue to stop the action. While he wouldn't say at this point which agency or agencies the tribes would sue, he said they are preparing actions to notify federal agencies under the 60-day notice required by the ESA, while also looking at other avenues to stop the federal action.
"This action is a shot over the bow to show Bonneville that it will not be allowed to reverse the Northwest salmon recovery effort," George said. He added that as soon as the federal agencies formalize their proposal to curtail spill, others would likely join in the lawsuit that will follow. For one thing, he said, every tribe in the Northwest, even those that no longer have salmon runs in their area, voted at the Affiliated Tribes' Northwest Indian conference two months ago to oppose the federal plan that would curtail spill.
"I think you will also see joining in commercial fishing organizations and communities where whole economies are at risk," George said. "Beyond that, I think we will see a regional and even national opposition because of the amount of investment already made in salmon recovery."
Nicole Cordan of Save Our Wild Salmon said her coalition welcomes the Umatilla action. Save Our Wild Salmon had already sent a 60-day notice to the Corps more than two months ago. That notice revolved around the general lack of success in implementing NOAA Fisheries 2000 biological opinion of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS), she said.
"Members of our coalition are deeply concerned about the Bonneville proposal and there is certainly a conversation around filing the complaint if BPA makes it and NOAA Fisheries accepts it," Cordan said. "Bonneville has put anyone who cares about salmon in an awkward position when folks feel like their only option is to litigate."
The Umatilla Tribes said they are not normally litigious, but the reduced spill proposed by the federal agencies could force them to go to court.
"Our policy has always been to negotiate rather than litigate, but this time our hand has been forced," said Antone Minthorn, chairman of the Umatilla Tribes' Board of Trustees. "Our only option is to enjoin the federal government to stop this action before it harms our fish, our efforts and substantial public investments. Hopefully, their delay in deciding to end spill means they are re-examining the political and legal implications of their proposal because we think they will lose in court."
One issue eating at the Umatilla Tribes, said George, is that the federal agencies completely ignored the impact of curtailing summer spill on Umatilla River fall chinook.
"Bonneville conveniently omitted that the federal government, which has poured more than $100 million into salmon recovery in the Umatilla River, was responsible in the first place, some 90 years ago, for the salmon's extinction when a federal irrigation project pumped all the water out of the river for crops," he said.
A study by BPA and the Corps determined the summer spill curtailment would impact 885 to 7,080 unlisted fall chinook adults returning to the Hanford Reach in the mid-Columbia River. It also determined an impact to other non-listed fall chinook species, totaling 690 to 5,520 fall chinook adults, but it didn't specifically identify those stocks, according to Hansen.
George said that about half of the $100 million spent by BPA ratepayers on Umatilla River salmon recovery went to redesign fish passage facilities at dams, while the other half went directly to recovering chinook and coho salmon, steelhead and now lamprey in the river.
"This has been the most successful recovery effort in the Columbia Basin," George said. "We went from zero salmon in the (Umatilla) basin for almost 80 years to over 30,000, and that's after the fisheries from Alaska down the coast and in the lower Columbia River take their share."
bluefish does the math for your convenience: BPA estimates that eliminating summer spill would provide 1.15 - 1.49 million Megawatt*hours (MWh) of "surplus" electricity to sell (typically to California) at an estimated average price of $32/MWh (yielding $37 - $46 million). Prices of course will vary with time of day and electricity market conditions. BPA estimates that elimination of summer spill could potentially provide a 2% electricity rate reduction.
Related Pages:
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation: www.umatilla.nsn.us
Bonneville Power Administration: www.bpa.gov
learn more on topics covered in the film
see the video
read the script
learn the songs
discussion forum


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Aria – Manga Vol. #6 12/28/10
This is just a quick update, but according to Tokyopop's Twitter and Facebook, the long overdue sixth volume of ARIA will finally be hitting retail shelves on or around December 28, 2010.
For those unfamiliar, ARIA is a slice-of-life series, set in the year 2301 A.D., about a group of females gondoliers working on Neo-Venezia, a recreation of Venice on the now terraformed planet Mars. Besides manga-ka Kozue Amano's gorgeous artwork, the series' selling points are its light atmosphere and warm cast of characters. ARIA would be one of my most highly recommended titles available in the U.S. and is at least worth a look, even if you're not into the more cutesy manga.
In terms of Tokyopop's overall catalog, it's definitely one of their best series, so if you're a fan or at all interested, please go and support the company (and quality manga) by grabbing a copy of ARIA vol. #6 when it hits retail.
Also, for those who prefer animation, all three seasons of the stellar ARIA anime are currently available in lovingly compiled collector's sets from RightStuf/Nozomi Entertainment—much like the manga, the anime also comes highly recommended.


text:
Duration : Same Day Return
Destinations : Tajmahal, Agra Fort and Sikandara Tomb, etc.
How will you feel if we plan to visit Agra in one day by car? Hope you will enjoy a lot. Here we come with one day Agra tour by car. CLASSICAL HOLIDAYS INDIA is there to give you the best service. No tensions about the tour, or hotels or car bookings. The entire package will be conducted by the agency itself. One has to just pack your luggages and plan to spend your vacations.
One can make a day tour to Agra by car. This place is really very beautiful. Wake up at 5a.m and our driver will pick you from your destination. On the way to Agra they will stop in a good hotel and provide you breakfast. Then first go to have a look at the beautiful Taj Mahal. Spend some time over there. Then around visit the Agra Fort. This place is just awesome. Have a look at the Fatehpur Sikri. In between this the driver will take you to a hotel for lunch around 14.30 pm. Then after finishing the sightseeing our driver will start from Agra around 17.00pm. They will drop you at your destination in Delhi by 21.30 pm. On the way there will be some refreshments. With this your one day Agra tour by car comes to an end.
06:00 hrs
This early morning our driver will lift you up and you will continue from Delhi to Agra. Halfway you will stop for refreshment. Around 10:30 hrs you will achieve Agra City. The stunning tourism city of the TajMahal - Agra, India. The seat of the immense Mughal rulers for a long time Agra, India offers its fortune trove for every one of the vacationers from India and abroad. The Mughal City Agra is most popular for the Taj Mahal.
11:00 hrs Visit The Magnificent Taj Mahal (An UNESCO World Heritage Site)
Around 11:00 hrs you will come to the Taj Mahal. No trek to Agra would be finished without a visit to this sparkling vision of vaults and minarets. The world's best-known tomb stands affirmation to the ageless romantic tale of the seventeenth century Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan and his better half - ruler Mumtaz Mahal. Which was worked by Emperor Shah Jahan for his darling spouse Mumtaz?.(Taj Mahal remain closed on every Friday).
14:30 hrs Visit The Historical Agra Fort (An UNESCO World Heritage Site)
In the wake of Sightseeing Taj Mahal you will eat Break in one of the Best Local Restaurant name 'Squeeze of Spice' or 'The Charcoal Chimney'.
After lunch you will visit Built primarily as a military foundation by Akbar in 1565, the red sandstone Agra post was mostly changed over into a castle amid Shah Jahan's chance. Despite the fact that the chief structure was worked by Akbar, numerous more increases were made by his grandsons. It involves numerous tall tale castles, for example, the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, worked by Shah Jahan; crowd corridors, for example, the Diwan-i-Khas; and two exceptionally excellent mosques.
16:30 hrs Visit Sikandara Tomb
Around 10 km from Agra, lies Sikandra, the catacomb of Emperor Akbar. This structure offers a one of a kind mix of styles acquiring from Hindu, Christian, Islamic, Buddhist and even Jain design traditions.
17:00 hrs Proceed back to Delhi
At long last you will continue back to Delhi alongside an impression of Taj and a sheer enchantment that the Taj radiates making it a remarkable and esteemed picture until the end of time.
19:00 hrs Refreshment on the way
You will stop over halfway to have refreshment and proceed with your drive to Delhi.
21:30 hrs Arrive Delhi pick up & drop to your hotel/airport
On arrival at Delhi you will be dropped at your hotel or airport for your onward journey.
There are many reasons to choose us for your vacation.
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Customers can also choose online booking service. This service is always available. Just visit our website and click on firstname.lastname@example.com . Submit your details and criteria. All will be booked according to your wish. We always welcome your views. Visit and give us a chance to serve you.


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*** Grow your own Coffee Beans *** Dwarf Coffee - Coffea Arabica Nana - Evergreen Tree - Seeds
Seeds for Africa
Sorry, this item is out of stock
This small subtropical evergreen tree only grows a few feet tall. It is very easy to grow indoors and is ideal for container growing.Large leaves are dark green and glossy. Fragrant flowers have a jasmine scent, then produce the berries which are green at first, then turn dark red over time, up to 8 months.


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Bolt on a set of Mavrikk G5 Pro\'s in either Flybarless or Flybar versions and feel the difference.
- 700mm carbon Blades. They are good for Extreme 3D. - Applied for all FB and FBL systems. Specs: - Length: 700mm - Width: 60mm - Root: 14mm - Bolt Hole: 5mm - Weight: 182 grams Includes: - One pair


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Johnson's Baby Head-to-Toe Extra Moisturizing Cream15.0 oz.
Online and store prices may vary
- 15-ounce tube of moisturizing baby cream
- Baby cream hydrates dry, delicate baby skin
- Suitable for newborns
- Glycerin and baby oil hydrate skin and lock in moisture all day and night
- Contains no parabens, phthalates, dyes, and is ph balanced
- Hypoallergenic and pediatrician and dermatologist-tested
- Not tested on animals
Complete your baby's bath time with a gentle massage using Johnson's Head-to-Toe Extra Moisturizing Baby Cream. Suitable for newborns, this moisturizing baby cream provides gentle care for your baby's dry, delicate skin from the first days of life. The pediatrician and dermatologist-tested formula is enriched with glycerin and baby oil to help hydrate skin and lock in moisture all day and night. Johnson's Head-to-Toe Extra Moisturizing Baby Cream is hypollergenic, pH balanced, and contains no parabens, phthalates, or dyes. The formula is not tested on animals.
Questions? 866-JNJ-BABY; Outside US, dial collect 215-273-8755.
Learn more at www.johnsonsbaby.com.
After a warm bath with Johnson's Head-to-Toe baby wash, gently massage lotion over entire body to bond with baby and hydrate even the most dry/sensitive skin.
©Johnson & Johnson
Safety Tip: Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if quality seal is broken.
This product can be shipped to a Walgreens store for FREE
This product has no shipping restrictions.
Shipping Weight (in lbs): 1.08
Product in inches (LxWxH): 1.75x 3.63x 8.0
Item Code: 948251
*Many of these answers are provided by manufacturers or other customers. Walgreens does not review, verify, or endorse those answers, which represent the sole opinions of those parties.


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It is necessary to have a fan schroud on a 2000 ford explorer
3 Answers
In cold weather probably not, but in mild to warm weather yes, it really helps the fan draw the air pass the radiator. Guess if you see your temp gauge climbing into the red zone, you'll know why.
okay thank you. That helps me out a lot.
I say absolutely yes. Just think how much money manufactures would save if they eliminated shrouds on all the models... millions! Believe me, if the engine could do without it, it wouldn't be there.
Looking for a Used Explorer in your area?
CarGurus has 1,725 nationwide Explorer listings starting at $3,500.
Search Ford Explorer Questions
Ford Explorer Experts
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Content submitted by Users is not endorsed by CarGurus, does not express the opinions of CarGurus, and should not be considered reviewed, screened, or approved by CarGurus. Please refer to CarGurus Terms of Use.


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If you are running a little enterprise, possibilities are you have heard about or had a handful of conversations with other company owners about SSL encryption. I have observed numerous people speak about starting a internet site on 1 of the total freebie blogging internet sites like , tumblr, posterous and so forth – but they are not really specialist, and then you have to switch to a better sort of site – and jump through a variety of hoops to do so. Save time and invest a small bit in your site – your company is worth it.
Jupiter is a technologically robust and resourceful, function-rich and extremely modern, inventive and imaginative, cleverly coded and extremely lightweight, user and developer friendly and utterly intuitive, wonderfully search engine optimized and extremely simple to use, mobile ready and super responsive WordPress multipurpose internet site theme.
Salient is a truly outstandingly innovative and imaginative, hugely expressive and wonderfully exclusive, conceptually created and graphically polished and seamless, technologically impressive and thoughtfully constructed, vast and ambitious, modern and colorful, fresh-faced and really memorable responsive WordPress multiconcept, multipurpose website theme.
Right after the user logs on they are redirected to a page, I just redirect them to Google but they could be redircted to the internet site of a neighborhood enterprise who supports your network by getting a unit on their buliding or your personal internet site exactly where you could put lots of other kinds of marketing such as promotions for regional businesses, wifi booster units or even pay per click adverts.
Blade is an incredibly competent and clever theme that, even though wholly capable of handling a wide variety of extremely diverse website archetypes and applications, is especially well suited for the purpose of developing and preserving sophisticated, cutting edge and fashionable corporate or business internet sites of any type, niche, sector or field whatsoever.


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What's new
Have you been advised of an upcoming re-accreditation audit at a residential aged care service? Tell us about the quality of care and services at this home. We are interested in hearing from you. You can also contact us with other feedback or concerns about an aged care service. For our new 1800 number see Contact Us
Don't miss our first national Better Practice for the Future Conference in August 2018
- Unannounced reaccreditation audits in residential aged care services commenced 1 July 2018. For new forms, processes, links and resources please access our Moving to unannounced re-accreditation audits page
Quick links
What we do
The Australian Aged Care Quality Agency
- accredits Australian Government-subsidised aged care homes
- conducts quality reviews of home care and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flexible care services
- provides compliance monitoring, information and training to providers
- works with the community to promote quality care for older Australians.
"Quality Agency assessors speak to around 50,000 residents each year about the quality of care they receive, and every aged care home gets at least one unannounced visit each year."


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Note: The Smartwool Women's NTS Mid 250 Crew Long Sleeve Shirt, BLACK has been discontinued and is no longer able to be ordered.The Women's NTS Mid 250 Crew features enhance fit to reduce chafing with flatlock body seams that wrap from front to back for better fit. Form fitting interlocking knit 100% Merino Wool.
|Manufacturer #
Customer Reviews
- Review by Wobbiesue
Write Your Own Review


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CP Marketing Communications Specialist
Job responsibilities:
Our overall goal is to increase our online visibility! Our messaging must remain consistent across all social media outlets. Increased visibility is a must! Posts, tweets, website/blog writing and other SM content will be optimized w/ keywords and links.
Daily activities will include, but not be limited to:
Facebook community page will be checked. Interact if necessary. Content will be posted daily with direction and approval.
"like" potential and existing customer fan pages and post content with approval.
What is currently trending in the world of print? Research will be conducted using proper hash-tags. Pertinent info will contribute to CP's overall content. Photos, hyperlinks and other content will be shared w/ approval.
Direct messaging existing and potential customers.
Daily Tweet, RT etc.
Google Blog
Pertinent industry news/happenings will be discussed
CP success stories, "Piece of the Week" etc.
Contribution to content with approval
Our goal here is to engage as many people as possible and get them involved in CP's conversation.
Columbine E-Mail Newsletter Campaign
- Candidate will contribute and create unique content, promotions, and happenings in the world of Columbine.
- We want to increase our existing subscriber list and participation by using indirect and direct marketing efforts.
- In order to supplement our online efforts, candidate will become familiar with EDDM and Variable Data Direct mailers.
In addition to leveraging social media as a prospecting tool, candidate will define target industry and formulate associated strategy.
2 quality, well researched leads to be generated daily.
Candidate will contribute to strategy development, messaging and design (w/ approval) as it relates to E-mail blasting and various other marketing initiatives.
Overall Goals (Candidate will participate on an as-needed basis)
CP Website: contribute to content, design, functionality etc.
Contribution to design and implementation of various marketing materials and associated initiatives.
12 sales calls w/ CP sales representatives.
6 cold calls, resulting from prospecting outlined above ↑
* Every Thursday @ 9:30am, the selected candidate will be participating in Columbine's weekly Marketing meeting. This time is set aside for discussion on successes and failures of active campaigns, brainstorming etc.
Evaluation by CP's Director of Marketing will take place every Thursday afternoon. The week's accomplishments and success stories as well as failures and/or struggles will be discussed and addressed appropriately.
Interested in this opportunity??? E-mail Nick @ email@example.com with Resume & Cover Letter. Thanks!


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Writer's Markets
|Cleis Press
|Submission Guidelines
|Genres Accepted:
|Forms Accepted:
|Submission Type:
|Closing Date:
|Entry Fee:
|Publication Type:
|Market Type:
|Commercial Book Publisher
|Prose Lengths:
|Flash Fiction/Non-Fiction
Short Story
|Poetry Lengths:
|Submission Details:
|Cleis Press publishes provocative works by women and men in the areas of gay and lesbian studies, sexual politics, fiction, feminism, self-help, erotica, gender studies, and human rights.
We publish 45 new books each year (in combination with Viva Editions) and receive over 2000 manuscripts and query submissions annually. We accept unsolicited manuscripts, as well as manuscripts represented by agents. Please do not send poetry or recommendation letters.
If you wish to submit a book proposal, please follow the following guidelines. All proposals should be emailed to Brenda Knight at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include a CV, a list of previous publications, and the first chapter of the book in the body of the email. In an attachment, please include the manuscript, in either MS Word or PDF format.
If you wish to mail in your proposal, please mail it to:
Attn: Brenda Knight
Viva Editions
2246 Sixth Street
Berkeley, CA
We appreciate your patience in receiving replies, we ask that you allow six to eight weeks for a reply.
Cleis Press also put out a call for submissions each year for their annual anthologies of Gay Erotica, Gay Romance, Lesbian Erotica, Lesbian Romance, and Women's Erotica.
|Entry Details:
|Entry Added: Tuesday, 7 December 2010, 08:09 AM
Entry Edited: Tuesday, 7 December 2010, 08:09 AM
By: Nike Sulway
Please Note:
We cannot guarantee that the information on this page is correct. It is not unusual for publications to change or close without notice. We do our best to keep up, but sometimes a market will die before we manage to update the listing! Just remember ...
- Always read the full guidelines provided by the publisher on their website before submitting.
- Try to read at least one previous publication to get a better idea of what the editor/s would like to see.
- Unless the publisher's guidelines state otherwise use industry standard manuscript formatting.
- For novel/collection publishers, unless their guidelines state otherwise, it is standard to submit a cover letter, synopsis, and sample instead of the full manuscript.
- Include a SASE with all mailed submissions, queries, and requests for guidelines.
- Unless their guidelines state otherwise, don't query the status of a submission until at least three months have passed since you submitted.
- Keep track of all your submissions!
- Be professional, patient and persistent.


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Wii - Hacking' started by Cip78, Aug 30, 2008.
How can I uninstall crediar's starfall? exists a uninstaller?
Just run Starfall again and uninstall all the features you've installed.
alternately i think you can just use nintendos update service, waninkoko's downgrader or any region changer to reinstall an original system menu.
yes reading can be tough ...
from the mysterious file that came with StarFall:
All hacks are optional and can be installed or removed separately.


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There is no amount of effort, intelligence, energy or other attribute that can change one`s destiny without the help of God. Only God has the ability to determine one`s future. Any such effort done without God and without
belief in Jesus is futile.
Just imagine…
If everyone would say the truth
If everyone forgave easily
If everyone loved unconditionally
If everyone said "thank you"
If everyone smiled at a stranger
If everyone helped those in need
If everyone said "sorry"
If everyone did not cheat on their spouse
If everyone did not discriminate
If everyone read 1 Corinthians 13:13
Jesus is our saviour
The most important decision any one can make in their life time is accepting Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour .
Avoid being double sided
For the purpose of this post, my meaning for double sided is when one portrays themselves differently in different situations. I would like to imply that such a person has two versions of themselves, and my reference today concerns Christians.
One version , the acceptable version is when one depicts themselves as expected for a believer. The unacceptable version being when one exhibits attributes of a non believer. The first version is the kind ,positive, well behaved and caring persona when one is around their family and friends, as well as church mates. Where as the second version is the hidden one, exhibited when one allows the devil to take over or control their lives. Such may be the case when one is with people who do not know that the person is a Christian. One example would be one who uses indecent language when his wife is not around. Another example is some one engaging in gossip or slanderous talk when in company of certain friends who are non Christians. It could be a wife who is addicted to spending so much money on things that she knows would not please her husband, given the family`s financial situation and she works so hard to conceal this. This version could also be as extreme as the committing of adultery by the same husband who shows his wife that he cares about her so much and can never have intimate relations with another person.
Being neither hot nor cold is talked about in Revelations 3: 14 – 22 (Please read). Such people are destroying themselves because they only care about what people see and not doing the will of God. They need to repent to get redemption.
"Secret" to happy living
Water run into my hair and trickled down my body. This feeling of warm water flowing over me as I listened to a worship song (singing along as well) was an interesting experience less than an hour ago.
I suddenly got reminded of one "secret" to happy living. Its not really a secret. Its always there but we don`t pay attention to it. If we decide that nothing else matters except the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and doing His will, a feeling of fresh joy, fulfillment and happiness will come right away. If we remember that our life on earth is temporary, we shall not put emphasis on what earthly life has to offer. Suddenly the realization will come that our energy should be focused on fulfilling the will of God, rather than trying on our own to find solutions to the many challenges we face on earth. Please read 2nd Corinthians 4:16-18.
When we reach this point in life, that nothing on earth matters besides living for Jesus, all the problems we face will be lower than us so that we over come and conquer them with ease. Then we shall ask ourselves why we had not yet realized this "secret" that was always before us.


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Helping Search Engines Classify and Display your Firm's information in Search Results
Structured Data on the Law Firm Homepage
For professionals such as attorneys or medical, doctors or other professions, having Google's preferred markup on your homepage will help indicate to search engine algorithms information about your practice. This information includes items such:
1. Office locations.
2. Preferred logo.
3. Social Media accounts.
4. Official Website URL.
5. Hours of Operation.
6. Contact Information.
7. Reviews.
8. And much more…
What is Structured Data?
Computer to computer Machine Language
"Structured data markup" is a standard way to annotate your content so computers can understand it. When your web pages include structured data markup, Google (and other search engines) can use that data to index your content better, present it more prominently in search results.
Example of structured data in source code using JSON-LD:
Benefits of Structured Data on the Attorney Homepage
Increase positive impact on user behavior metrics to increase rankings.
Having properly implemented structured data on your site will help ensure optimization of:
• Click Through Rates Increase
• Exit Rates Decrease
• Bounce Rates Decrease
• Lowered Paid Advertising Costs
• Higher Conversion Rates
• Increased Impressions in Search (you get shown more often)
Additionally, content for pages can focus less on Geo Location phrases and more on the specific topic being presented to the user. Through Markup, Google will know the location of your services and reduce the need to use geographical terms in titles and other HTML elements.
Measuring the Success of Homepage Markup Implementation
User behavior metrics and more targeted traffic.
Many SEO's and marketing directors make the mistake of measuring progress of markup optimization by looking at traffic alone. Analytical areas of greatest impact will be user behavior metrics which include but is not limited to: conversions, bounce rates, exit rates, time on page, engagement, page views and other tracked items. User behavior is a very strong set of signals which account for the ranking of a site and its pages.
Expect a slight drop in traffic (or Sessions) after incorporation of Structured Data on your site. This is because Google can more accurately determine the intent of searchers and display your results to searchers who are "ready to buy" – so to speak.
In the image below, notice the exceptional increase in metrics and the slight decrease in impressions. This image represents data from Google Search Console 7 days after implementation of markup:
Markup Items to be Included in the Homepage
Marking up other elements on the homepage.
There are at least six types of structured data recommended to put on the homepage of your website.
• Organization / Attorney Markup
o Locations(s)
• Contact Point
• Review Markup (for the organization)
• Social Media Markup
• Site links search box markup – although this may never show in search due to site type
• Article Markup (if articles are displayed on the homepage)
It is important to note that even if you have thorough markup on your homepage, Google will determine if it is shown in search based on the searchers intent in an attempt to show information to searchers they predict is the most useful for the specific query.
Attorney / Organization Markup
The Google Knowledge Graph and More.
By implementing Organization markup on your homepage you can specify to Google which image should be used as your organization's logo in search results and the Knowledge Graph if it the Knowledge Graph displayed in search results.
The Basics of Attorney Markup
Required elements and other items to include.
Attorney markup can be implemented in multiple methods. Two of the most popular methods are JSON-LD and Rich Snippets. Google prefers JSON-LD markup over Schema. Either type of markup is acceptable to use on your site but it is highly recommended to use Googles preferred method of JSON-LD.
Example of basic structured data in source code using JSON-LD:
This is a most basic example of Attorney Markup which will help indicate to Google properties of the website. In the preceding example, the markup makes clear to Google that image is designated as the Attorneys logo and also specifies the website associated with it.
Properties you can add to Attorney Markup on the Homepage
There are other properties (itemprop) that can be added to Organization / Attorney markup. Some of these items include but are not limited to:
• name
• alternateName
• logo
• url
• postalAddress
• email
• telephone
• maps
• aggregateRating
• sameAs
• contactPoint
Each element listed above has additional fields that can be added to elaborate on the specific item. Some elements have other requirements, such as being visible on page. Be sure to understand requirements for each field added to your markup.
Putting it all Together
Below is a more complete example of Attorney Markup that you may find on an Attorney homepage:
Testing the Homepage Markup
Google has created a tool named Structured Data Testing Tool to help make checking markup very simple.
It is critical to test your markup before and after it is put on a website even. To test your markup, run it through the Google Structured Data Tester at: https://developers.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool/
Marking up other Items Displayed on the Homepage?
This is a separate topic and other elements may require more in-depth experience in SEO. However, it is good to be aware of other elements to take into consideration concerning Markup on the homepage. In some instances multiple locations or articles are displayed on the homepage of a firm's website. When multiple locations or articles (or any other elements suitable for marking up) are found on the homepage it is recommended markup each element.
Example of multiple locations found in the footer of an attorney website:
You can mark up your articles with structured data, providing details such as the headline, images, publish date and description. Google may use your Markup to power features like "In the news" and content carousels.
Example of articles found in the footer of a website with structured data shown below marked up correctly:
Visit our friends over at Razor Rank for a more detailed article on homepage markup which explains the elements in greater depth:
About Joe Mas
Joe Mas is managing partner at Razor Rank, LLC where he leads the consulting team for technical SEO for eCommerce and major retail sites. Joe served as Consulting Division Manager for both SearchDex and Altruik and has nearly 20 years experience. Joe's track record of success with clients precedes his reputation as a publicly recognized speaker and leader in the SEO community. For more information, visit: http://razorrank.com.


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Mortgages & Loans
We realize home financing is an exciting time with many important decisions to make. Whether you're considering the purchase of a home or considering refinancing your existing mortgage, we take the time to understand your needs and to work closely with you to select the best mortgage option.
At Passumpsic Savings Bank we also have a number of personal loans designed with your specific needs in mind. From overdraft protection on your checking account, to automobile loans, you'll get our personal service, competitive interest rates and fast turnaround time.
Fixed Rate Mortgage
Learn More about Fixed Rate Mortgages View Rates for about Fixed Rate Mortgages
Adjustable Rate Mortgage
Learn More about Adjustable Rate Mortgages Contact a Mortgage Lender
First-Time Homebuyer Programs
Home Equity Products
Personal Loans


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About the Project
Seckford Hall Hotel is a beautiful luxury 4 star Tudor Hotel set amongst 34 acres of private Suffolk countryside. Fifteen Ten were approached to rebuild the website to create a warm, airy and contemporary online platform for the hotel to demonstrate its many services without losing the feel of character and personality that is evident around the building.
What We Did
- Hotel web design
- Web development
- Online booking integration
- Multiple photo galleries
- Social media integration
- Ongoing content support


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Hedgren Inner City Eye RFID - Woven Print
Hedgren Inner City Eye RFID - Woven Print
Regular Price AU$149.00 Special Price AU$104.30
In stock
- Adjustable shoulder strap
- Two front zip pockets
- Zip pocket on rear
- Main compartment features RFID zip pocket , fully lined interior
- Quality metal fittings
- 22 x 19 x 9 cm
- 3.76 litres
- 0.21 kilograms
- 5413507853195
Online Luggage Sale: buy luggage, suitcases, carry on luggage, business luggage, travel bags, backpacks, kids luggage and travel bags online or in store. Sydney Luggage Centre sell the best designer luggage brands online including suitcase on wheels, carry on luggage sets at great prices and free shipping Australia wide on orders over $100.
Thanks for shopping at Sydney Luggage Centre!
Please contact us cant find what you're looking for or call 02 9669 6381.
|3.76 litres
|22 x 19 x 9 cm
Write Your Own Review


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PORT CHESTER, N.Y. -- Happy Birthday to Port Chester's Colin Richard Moran!
Colin Richard Moran, who was born in Port Chester, turns 22 on Wednesday.
Moran, a professional baseball player, was born Oct. 1, 1992. A third baseman, Moran plays in the minor leagues for the Houston Astros organization.
He played for the Iona Prep baseball team in New Rochelle.
Moran was named to the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association Freshman All-America team, ACC Freshman of the Year, and Baseball America Freshman of the Year. Moran was named a Baseball America All-American, the only freshman to earn the honor.
Despite an injury shortened sophomore season, Moran led the Tar Heels with a .365 average and 35 RBI. Moran followed the injury plagued season by being selected as a second team All America by Louisville Slugger, ACC player of the year, and a finalist for the Golden Spikes Award while setting a single season RBI record for UNC, with 86 runs batted in. Moran currently leads the Tar Heels with 13 home runs, has a .557 slugging percentage, and a .478 on-base percentage.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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SummerSlam 2010
| Date August 15, 2010 in Los Angeles, CA | Staples Center | Attendance 14,178 |
SummerSlam 2010 saw the first showdown between the red hot Nexus group face team WWE in a massive 7 on 7 Elimination Tag match. On June 7th edition of Monday Night Raw, during a main event between John Cena and CM Punk, winner of NXT Season 1 Wade Barrett appeared on stage. His fellow NXT graduates appeared at ring side, attacking John Cena and everyone at ringside. Kick starting an invasion storyline which headlined Summerslam 2010.
John Cena assembled a team of 7 men to take on Nexus. With 6 men in his team, John looked at finding a final member of team WWE. The Miz was his choice, however a cocky Miz decided to wait until Summerslam to confirm. John however decided to recruit another man; Daniel Bryan. Who made his return after his firing due to his actions during the June 7th attacks.
Hall Of Famer Bret Hart, who was Raw GM during the height of the Nexus attacks competed in his final WWE match at Summerslam 2010.
Sunday Night Heat
Evan Bourne pinned Zack Ryder.
Summerslam 2010 Results
WWE I-C Championship
Dolph Ziggler NC Kofi Kingston.
WWE Divas Championship
Melina pinned Alicia Fox.
Handicap Match
The Big Show beat CM Punk, Luke Gallows, & Joseph Mercury when he pinned Gallows & Mercury.
WWE Championship
Randy Orton beat Seamus (c) via DQ.
World Championship Singles Match
Kane (c) pinned Rey Mysterio.
Elimination Match – Team WWE vs Nexus
John Cena, Daniel Bryan, Chris Jericho, Edge, R-Truth, John Morrison, & Bret Hart beat Wade Barrett, David Otunga, Heath Slater, Skip Sheffield, Darren Young, Michael Tarver, & Justin Gabriel in an "elimination" match. Cena was the sole survivor.
Bryan forced Young to submit.
Morrison pinned Tarver.
Sheffield pinned Morrison.
Sheffield pinned R-Truth.
Hart was DQed.
Edge pinned Sheffield.
Jericho forced Otunga to submit.
Slater pinned Jericho.
Slater pinned Edge.
Bryan forced Slater to submit.
Barrett pinned Bryan.
Cena pinned Gabriel.
Cena forced Barrett to submit
Image Credit: SportsKeeda


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County supervisor gets 30 days in jail for shooting gun
County supervisor gets 30 days in jail for shooting gun
SIOUX CITY, Iowa —
A Woodbury County supervisor accused of shooting a gun into the air near his wife has been given 30 days in jail.
The Sioux City Journal reports 44-year-old David Tripp received the sentence Tuesday in district court for domestic abuse assault. He was ordered to report to jail by Friday.
Tripp, a former jailer, was accused in December of firing a gun in the air in the driveway of his home. His wife was nearby but was not hurt.
Tripp said Tuesday he had thought about aiming the gun at himself. His attorney says his client is seeing a psychiatrist after being diagnosed with depression. He is also seeing a counselor for alcohol abuse.
Tripp was elected as a county supervisor in 2010. His term will end in January.


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Assorted Shim Packs
Assorted Shim Packs Manufacturing Experts & Bespoke Assorted Shim Packs Specialists
Call 0121 544 5808 Today
Bespoke Manufacturing
Instant Quote Service
Worldwide Delivery
Various Gauges/Thicknesses
Assorted Shim packs to include CS4 shim steel, Brass CZ108, Stainless Steel 304 grade & Polyester Plastic Shim.
For more information or to discuss your requirements please contact us.
|CS4 Hard Bright Shim Steel
|304 Stainless Steel
|Half Hard Brass
|Colour Coded Shim Plastic
|Contains Nine pieces each 12″x 6″ in the following sizes:
|Contains Nine pieces each 12″x 6″ in the following sizes:
|Contains Nine pieces each 12″ x 6″ in the following sizes:
|Contains Eight pieces each 12″ x 6″ in the following sizes:
|0.002″, 0.003″, 0.004″, 0.005″, 0.006″, 0.008″, 0.010″, 0.015″ & 0.020″
|0.002″, 0.003″, 0.004″, 0.005″, 0.006″, 0.008″, 0.010″, 0.015″ & 0.020"
|0.002″, 0.003″, 0.004″, 0.005″, 0.006″, 0.008″, 0.010″ & 0.015″ 0.020"
|0.001″, 0.002″, 0.004″, 0.005″, 0.008″, 0.010″, 0.015″ & 0.020″
Same prices apply for metric as imperial.
Discounts Available: 5 Cans/Flat Packs – 5%, 20 Cans/Flat Packs – 10%, 50 Cans/Flat Packs – 15%
Assorted Shim Packs
Looking for pre-cut shims in assorted sizes? Then our Assorted Shim Packs might well be for you. Our Assorted Shim Packs are available in CS4 shim steel, Brass CZ108, Stainless Steel 304 grade and Polyester Plastic Shim, in a range of different thicknesses (see the table above for more details).
High Quality Products
Here at Stephens Gaskets, we offer high quality pre-cut shims in a variety of materials, each ideal for a diverse range of purposes. There are many advantages to purchasing pre-cut shims in any material over cutting your own: you have more control over the size and thickness of your shims if you leave manufacture up to the professionals, and the thickness precision of your end product will be spot on.
Professional Pre-Cutting
Stephens Gaskets pre-cut shims save you time, providing an even thickness of shim throughout the product, ensuring that the shim you use will be flat and undistorted. Professional pre-cutting also ensures that your shims will perform to the highest standards – giving you peace of mind when it comes to safety.
Seventy Years Of Experience
Why come to us? With nearly seventy years of high quality manufacturing experience, we at Stephens Gaskets have amassed great expertise in the production of shims, washers, and gaskets. Because our customers come to us from a diverse spectrum of industries, and from all over the world, our company has expanded our range of products to include exhaust gaskets, cylinder head gaskets, Novus gaskets, graphite gaskets, ring shims, precision washers, and steel shims, among many more high quality products.
Fast Turnaround
In a hurry? Don't worry, here at Stephens Gaskets, we are proud to provide a fast turnaround time, along with worldwide delivery.
If you want any more information about our Assorted Shim Packs (or any of our other products) get in touch today – our friendly and knowledgeable staff will be able to help with any query, no matter your needs or field of industry.


text: The Aviation Photo Company | Hungary | Malev Hungarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 HA-LBF (1984) Home | All Photographs | Latest Additions | Videos | About | Contact | Search | Photo List Home»All Photographs»Civil»Civil Aircraft by Country»Hungary 2 of 16 photos Thumbnails Info Categories & Keywords Category: Subcategory: Subcategory Detail: Keywords: Photo Info Dimensions3278 x 2185 Original file size5.66 MB Image typeJPEG Malev Hungarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 HA-LBF (1984) More Tu-134 imagesMore Malev images The Aviation Photo Company's collection includes over 450,000 images covering all aspects of aviation. We offer local printing and shipping from our partners in the United Kingdom, USA, Canada, continental Europe and Australia. We also offer digital downloads for personal use - select GBP to access this option. (For commercial use please contact us for price and license info). Latest Additions | Videos | About | Contact | Search | Photo List Powered by ZENFOLIO User Agreement Cancel Continue