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Speed Cameras – "The Motorist's Big Brother".
If there's one topic guaranteed to send a motorist's blood pressure to critical heights it's the subject of speed cameras. Speed traps have been around since time immemorial (after all that was one of the reasons why the AA was formed to warn motorists of police ambushes if they exceeded the then low speed limit). Speed cameras of the mobile variety have also been around some time. But in 1992 enter the "yellow peril" – the fixed "big brother". Just a few at first but like Topsy the number "just growed". Now there are a staggering 6,000+ – and more planned. All in the name of safety – of course! If you believe that one you deserve to take the wooden spoon. Current profits are now as much as £1.7 million in one particular area – from about 2 million people. How many yellow perils do you encounter on your way to work?
Whilst the topics of technology, mechanics and procedure surrounding speed detection and prosecution are not the sexiest in the world, if you are to avoid the rigors of the law, you need to know basically how the cameras and the legal process work. You also need to know about such things as location, siting and visibility of cameras – not to mention some of the dirty tricks which lie in wait for you. At the end of the day you may not be able to avoid prosecution altogether – but at least you may be able to mitigate your penalty – and with speeding attracting 3-6 penalty points, not to mention fine, costs and even disqualification, mitigation is a serious proposition.
Although technologies and manufacturers of cameras vary, there are two basic types of installation – fixed and mobile.
Fixed cameras are generally one of two types – like the familiar yellow box – known as a fixed installation post system (FIP) or the average speed camera.
FIP's may be situated on the left side of the road, in the central reservation or even on a gantry. Some check the speed of vehicles "passing" (rear facing type), "approaching" (forward facing type) or some both ways. Some can be turned around either way. More often than not, they face one way and are turned down slightly towards the traffic flow being monitored. FIP's can use radar, laser or induction technology + (optional) flash photography and calibration marks on the road surface (sometimes known as "dragons teeth").
Average speed cameras (quite rare) measure a vehicle's progress between two cameras and therefore calculate the average speed over a period.
Clearly, motorcycles have the advantage over forward facing cameras since we have no front number plate! But don't gloat. As I write new technology is mooted.
Mobile Cameras (aka as a Talivan – corrupted from the word "Taliban" –the motorists terror threat!)
These are increasing in numbers. These two take photographs of a vehicle. They can be set up at the side of the road on a tripod or within a vehicle. They are frequently used by the independent speed camera partnerships (see below) who are supposed to mark the vehicles as such. They can record vehicles approaching or passing. Again they use radar, laser or induction technology. They do not have a flash and clearly (being mobile) there are no calibration marks.
If you wish to challenge a prosecution on the grounds of the camera, then you need to know some technology. I do not pretend to be an expert on technology so give this information purely in good faith. For those of you who understand laser, radar and induction etc rather better than I, do please let me know of any errors!
Popular Use:-
GATSO/other fixed cameras + hand held radar guns
How it works:-
A high frequency radio and transmitter sends out a beam of electromagnetic waves – varying in length (1cm to 1metre). Objects in the path reflect back to the transmitter – ie based on radio wave reflection. Radar devices consist of transmitter, antenna and receiver. Radio waves travel at about 186,000 miles per second. When the waves emitted by the transmitter strike the vehicle, they are bounced back. The antenna picks them up and the receiver converts everything into a speed reading.
To be successful, the transmitter must emit a large burst of energy and receive, detect and measure a tiny fraction of the energy returned in the form of an echo.
In layman's terms:-
The equipment "fires" radio waves at you. The waves bounce back at different frequencies – depending on your speed. Radar is not sophisticated and the room for error is much more than laser.
Typical Problems:
- Radar reads the speed of everything in its vision – not just you!
- The angle of aim must be correct (due to the angle at which the radio waves are reflected).
- The further the distance from you, the less accurate.
- Obstructions can give false reading – including trees.
- Radio waves can bounce around.
- Strong wind and rain can adversely affect.
- Local radio and electrical equipment can adversely affect.
- Radar should never be operated from inside a vehicle since metal can distort.
- In mobile cameras, the arm movement of an officer can also distort.
Other points:-
- The use of the devices is subject to guidelines for use – issued by manufacturers and the Association of Chief Police officers + local rules.
- Hand held devices must be operated by an officer on foot – not from a vehicle.
- Each vehicle must be isolated and therefore the device must not be directed at several.
- The device must be held towards vehicles for at least 3 seconds.
- The device must not be used randomly at anything approaching – it should merely confirm a suspicion of speed.
- Since it needs to be pointed at a particular vehicle for at least 3 seconds, it should not be used on a road where there is not a clear view for at least 170 metres.
(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
Being some of the latest technology, this is naturally an expensive means of detection, but it is growing in use.
Generally in mobile installations – vans, hand held, tripod mounted. Not often in yellow perils because of the need to aim accurately.
How it Works:
Instead of radio waves, this technology uses a light beam. A beam of infra red light is sent out in a series of pulses. It is reflected off a point on your vehicle and returns to a transmitter. By using speed of light technology, your speed is calculated. Laser installations have a long range (up to about 105 miles!). They are more accurate than radar – but since it must be aimed correctly, there tends to be more room for human error.
Typical Problems:
- More room for human error.
- The laser has to be aimed individually at each vehicle, therefore there are problems of operation in dense traffic.
- Glass obstructions bend the laser beam and distort the reading.
- Unlike radar, it cannot be used in a moving vehicle.
- It can be used at night, but not properly in heavy rain, snow, fog or
OTHER METHODS OF DETECTING SPEED (more traditional)
- Police observation – with a second officer for corroboration
A lone police officer with his speedometer.
- Radar gun.
- VASCAR – Visual Average Speed Computer and Recorder – can be operated from stationary or moving vehicles. The accuracy depends on an officer operating the switches properly. When a vehicle is being measured it passes a particular point on a road.
GATSO: This is the most popular type of speed detection and works or radar. It is manufactured by Gatsometer BV (a Dutch company) – founded by Maurice Gatsonides – a rally winner and a system developed for racing cars. It is used in the fixed installation yellow perils and in radar guns.
GATSO is always rearward – ie monitors traffic passing but not approaching. Two photographs are taken at ½ second intervals. The distance travelled over the ½ second = speed.
Although calibration marks on the road ("dragons teeth") are not essential, they are frequently used. They tend to be in a ladder pattern at 5? intervals. They act as a secondary check. On a multi-lane road they can tell which vehicle triggered the camera.
Images are stored on a 35mm film. Only about 400 contraventions can be stored.
Drivers' identities cannot be recorded.
Points to Note:-
- The installations should be checked and calibrated when installed.
- They should be tested and certified at least annually by the manufacturer.
- Every photograph should be checked "by eye" by an operative.
TRUVELO: This manufacturer uses induction technology. Buried cables in the road detect movement and speed and vehicles exceeding the limit are photographed once. Both forward and rear facing cameras are possible. There are no calibration marks on the road, but you may be able to detect a groove in the road where there is a cut out. DRIVERS CAN BE IDENTIFIED. On multi-lane roads there may be 3 white lines painted. Forward facing Truvelo installations are of course not a threat to motorcyclists.
REDSPEED: Use – Portable laser cameras – one of the most common devices is the Redspeed Violation Enforcement System.
Redspeed looks like GATSO/Truvelo – but is smaller and mounted on higher posts. Traditionally it has been forward facing and uses INDUCTION. It also uses video film. Speeding vehicles are sent "live" to a processing office. It has limited use (at the moment!). But as I write extended use of Redspeed – even to targeting bikes – is mooted – so watch the space.
DS2 & TSS: This is an INDUCTION system – rubber strips on a road or under the surface. They are very difficult to spot and are usually part time. A sensor is connected to a forward facing camera which can be located on a tripod or in a van or car further down the road.
SPECS (Speedcheck Services): This is fairly rare and expensive.
It records speed or time over a distance. Video cameras record the number plates of passing vehicles. Sometimes several cameras create a "controlled zone". The system records registration plate, colour image of the vehicle and data such as time, date, location and average speed travelling between both locations. Cameras do not flash and are digital. They are very difficult to detect and a bit like CCTV traffic monitoring. You can of course be speeding at the first camera but not at the second, and in those circumstances there should be no prosecution.
Who Runs the Speed Cameras? For the most part, not the police as you might imagine. Nowadays they are run by about 40 odd Safety Camera Partnerships. Their constitution typically consists of representation from local councils, police, courts and the Crown Prosecution Service – and even health authorities. Although the police may still operate the enforcement, it is the partnerships themselves (whose accountability is at best dubious) who are responsible. Within certain limits they are free to do as they wish. There are generally no complaints or appeals procedures. Each partnership usually has a website (where you might find some useful information relating to the location etc of installations). They have been referred to as money making bureaucracies. For better or for worse they are a fact of life. On a daily basis we have to endure. On a long term basis, the political animal in you may fight against them.
Avon Somerset & Gloucestershire – £624,668
Bedfordshire & Luton – £1,172,340
Cambridgeshire – £175,199
Cheshire - £126,665
Cleveland – £10,970
Cumbria – £378,042
Derbyshire – £425,836
Devon and Cornwall – £941,980
Dorset – £39,838
Essex - £87,887
Greater Manchester – £421,561
Hampshire & the Isle of Wight – £686,152
Lincolnshire – £11,572
London – £376,571
Mid and South Wales – £1,233,731
Norfolk – £106,648
Northamptonshire – £2,846
Northumbria - £1,713,923
North Wales - £15,416
Nottinghamshire – £76,517
South Yorkshire – £496,475
Staffordshire – £7,458
Suffolk – £544,022
Sussex – £137,356
Durham and parts of Yorkshire do not have camera partnerships – speed being enforced traditionally by the police.
Mounting a challenge on these grounds requires a knowledge of relevant rules. When fixed cameras were first set up, public pressure led to their being confined to areas of accident history and the fact that they are to be visible. Whether this is a reality of course, is a different kettle of fish!
Location Rules:
- The site length must be between 400 and 1500 metres.
- There must have been at least 4 KSICOLLS (killed or serious injuries) per km in the last 3 calendar years.
- At least 8 PIC's (personal injury collisions – less serious/slight) must have been occasioned per km in the last 3 years.
- There must be evidence that speed was relevant in some or all of the cases.
- Excluding periods of congestion, there must be evidence that at least 20% of motorists are exceeding the speed limit.
- Excess driving speed must be at least 10% over the limit + 2mph (ie 35mph in a 30mph limit/46 mph in a 40mph limit) – for free flowing traffic – excluding rush hour.
- Collisions must be clustered in one place.
- No other available entry nearing solutions must be available for safety improvement.
- The location must be visible, legal and safe.
- The above rules apply both to fixed and mobile cameras with the following variations in respect of mobiles:-
- Only two KSICOLLS
- Only 4 PIC's
- Collisions should be evenly distributed (not clustered)
Please note that the above rules do not apply to police enforcement – only to camera partnership cases. Also, camera partnerships can be devote 15% of their time to mobile operations in any area. Speed camera vehicles should not operate where it would be illegal (eg double yellow lines).
Visibility Rules:
Again public pressure was brought to bear. Cameras are not obliged to be visible – but if they are not, then all the money goes to the Treasury!
- Generally painted yellow except, for example, in areas of outstanding natural beauty.
- They must not be obscured by buildings, signs, trees or bushes. The minimum visibility should be 60 metres (where the speed limit is 40mph) – and 100 metres elsewhere.
- Mobile camera sites – operators should wear fluorescent clothing and use appropriately liveried vehicles (but covert operations are possible in exceptional circumstances).
- Speed camera warnings and speed limit reminder signs must be placed in advance of fixed or mobile cameras, normally within one km. Signs can only be placed where cameras are operated.
- The design of warning signs must comply with the Traffic Signs Regulations and the General Directions – or specially authorised by the Department of Transport.
- The location is to be well publicised.
- An annual review should be undertaken to see whether the criteria still apply.
WARNING: For all the above rules relating to location, visibility and siting, in practice probably the only criteria that is likely to succeed before a magistrate is the visibility of a speed camera – but even then it has to be operated by a camera partnership who reap the reward.
Here, we enter dangerous ground. I am certainly not prepared to risk prosecution for inducing flagrant flouting of the law. The motorist who regularly speeds and puts lives in danger receives short shrift from me. But, I do have some sympathy for the occasional inadvertent slight excess on the basis "but for the grace of God there go I".
It would be wrong in an article of this type however, not to mention some of the avoidance tactics that people are mentioning as being perfectly legal (at the moment). I would however advance one big caveat – they do not come with my personal recommendation. Their use is entirely at your own risk and choice. Whilst they may be legal now, they may not always be so. In particular, question very closely those publications (often expensive) that purport to offer a full panacea.
Apart for anecdotal suggestions about covering numberplates with cling film, hairspray and photo blocker, there are currently on the market a vast array (with an accompanying vast array of prices) of speed camera detectors. They use various technologies:-
GPS – Global Positioning Systems: This detector picks up signals from satellites to establish the location
Laser – The majority of handheld/mobile cameras do work by laser. They have a greater range and accuracy.
Radar – Pick up radar signals for GATSO cameras and from hand held mobile camera sites.
Whilst price is some indication as to how effective they may be, I am not aware of any one covering all types of detection. Check very carefully when purchasing. Whilst it would appear that the GPS systems cover more situations than some others, speed camera detectors will depend on the technology used in speed detection and the type of installation used.
More Traditional Methods of Detecting Speed Cameras – Information and observation are equally important – information being obtained from such things as specialised atlases, websites and local media.
Far be it from me to suggest that camera partnerships or any other authority are guilty of such dastardly deeds, but do be aware of:-
- Camouflaged cameras, cameras located in unlikely places such as on wide roads or where there is no danger.
- Cameras located where the speed limits change.
- Mobile speed units before a fixed installation unit.
- Cameras located on another road but directed to your own road of travel.
Most road traffic offences (speeding included) are prosecuted by:-
- Court Summons or;
- Fixed Penalty Notice
The most serious (eg causing death by dangerous driving/drinking and driving) involves arrest, caution and an actual charge.
If an offence reaches Court, then it will normally be magistrates, staffed by a clerk and generally two or three lay (volunteer) magistrates. The most serious of offences (eg causing death) will go to the Crown Court.
What Penalty Will I Receive?
The main penalties relating to road traffic offences revolve around fines, penalty point endorsements, disqualification and costs.
To understand how the system works properly, you need to consider the Magistrates Court Guidelines, issued by the Magistrates Association with the blessing of the Lord Chancellor and the Justices Clerks Association. The guidelines aim to create some uniformity without depriving magistrates of their judicial independence and flexibility in individual cases.
The magistrates are advised to approach every case as follows:-
To establish the seriousness of each case
To determine the most appropriate way of dealing with it.
Fitting the punishment to the crime and the offender – so that each offender (whether wealthy or poor) will get his/her "just desserts" and feel the pain equally.
To consider aggravating and mitigating circumstances (eg a timely guilty plea).
To consider previous convictions.
Note also:-
- The guidelines assume that the magistrates are dealing with first time offenders pleading not guilty.
- The guidelines are not a tariff – merely guides – although anecdotal evidence sometimes suggests otherwise.
- Fixed penalty points are mandatory.
- But fines can be mitigated (up to 1/3rd) for mitigating factors.
- Remember also that magistrates have a discretion for re-testing – this may be an ordinary riding test or an extended one depending on the circumstances.
Your Day in Court
- You may end up with your day in court for a variety of reasons:-
- You pleaded "not guilty" to a court summons/fixed penalty notice.
- You are actually charged under one of the more serious road traffic offences (but speeding would not normally be included).
- You are in danger of being disqualified (magistrates will invariably require your presence if they are going to consider disqualification – although they do have power to disqualify in your absence).
- Whatever the reason for your appearance, remember that (rightly or wrongly) appearances do count. Magistrates tend to be middle aged and conservative (small "c"). A suit, shirt, tie and shoes (not trainers) together with neat hair and a calm, respectful attitude gets you a lot further than baseball cap, track suit bottoms and tattoo.
What Will I get? – Levels of Fine
Every road traffic offence attracts a maximum level of fine:-
Level 1 – maximum £200
Level 2 – maximum £500
Level 3 – maximum £1,000 (the maximum level for speeding on non-motorways)
Level 4 – maximum £2,500 (the maximum level for speeding on motorways)
Level 5 – maximum £5,000 (not relevant to speeding)
Guideline Fine
Subject always to the above maximum levels of fine, offences are often divided into categories A, B and C. These represent 50%/100%/150% of the offenders take home pay respectively. The percentages take into account ordinary living expenses. Family members cannot be taken into account in any but the most exceptional circumstances.
eg: You are convicted of speeding on a motorway – 20mph excess. This carries a Level 4 fine (£2,500). But the guidelines say Level B. Your take home pay is £200 – therefore the guideline fine would be £200. Obviously all the circumstances would be taken into account and the magistrates have discretion.
Fines are payable immediately – but generally time is allowed – but not more than 12 months. Also costs.
Endorsement – obligatory (3-6 points) or maybe disqualified.
4 or 5
Disqualify up to 42 days
Disqualify up to 56 days
Introduced in 1982 with the intention of "streamlining" the system of road traffic penalties. The concept is that all (including speeding) but the most trivial road traffic offences carry fixed or variable points. Collect more than 12 points in any 3 years from all offences and you may be disqualified for 6 months under the "totting up" provisions. The 3 year period is computed from using the date of commission of the offences (not conviction). Such points stay on your licence for 4 years, but only the ones committed within any 3-year period are reckoned towards totting up and disqualification. Following disqualification the penalty point slate is wiped clean. When a Court disqualifies under the totting up provisions, no penalty points are endorsed for the current offence.
The Minimum Period Of A Totting Up Disqualification Is:-
- 6 months if no previous disqualification falls to be taken into account.
- 1 year if one previous disqualification falls to be taken into account.
- 2 years if more than one previous disqualification falls to be taken into account.
- A previous disqualification is taken into account if it was imposed within 3 years of the latest offence which brought the points total to 12 (and in this regard it need not have been for totting up – it could have been, for example a drink driving offence which involves obligatory as opposed to discretionary disqualification). But it must have been for 56 days or more (and not imposed for stealing a motor vehicle, taking without consent or going equipped for theft).
Penalty Points For New Drivers/Riders:-
In the case of drivers/riders of under 2 years standing, the totting up provisions are 6 points as opposed to 12 – and when the licence is returned they resort to learner rider status.
Avoiding Penalty Points:-
For many offences (speeding included) the Court is obliged to endorse your licence unless you can put forward special reasons. A special reason is not an actual defence but is a mitigating or extenuating circumstance. The special reasons must not relate to you as the offender but to the offence itself and its circumstances. Thus, for example, you cannot plead that you have been of hitherto good character and driven for many years without being convicted of any offence. On the other hand, if you are convicted of speeding because an elderly passenger is ill and requires emergency treatment then you may well avoid penalty points. However, your assertions must be accompanied by proof. It is no use simply stating this in court and expecting the magistrates to believe you without supporting evidence. Do not confuse avoiding points with special reasons, with avoidance of disqualification (below)
Avoiding Disqualification Under the Totting Up Provisions:-
Under these provisions you must be disqualified for one of the minimum statutory periods set out above, but you may be able to adduce "mitigating circumstances". The usual one is "exceptional hardship". But you will not get anywhere by pleading:-
- That the offence was trivial
- That you will suffer hardship – unless it is "exceptional hardship"
- Circumstances previously taken into account within the 3 year period.
"Exceptional hardship" may involve loss of livelihood if disqualification is imposed. It may also relate to loss of employment of other people dependent on you for driving them around. This plea may absolve you of disqualification altogether or reduce the minimum period. Remember however that magistrates hear these "excuses" day in and day out and become rather blasé about them. Therefore it is important to adduce full evidence before the magistrates and explain in detail the exact consequences of your not being able to drive.
Notices of Intended Prosecution (often accompanied with a questionnaire relating to Driver Identity) are required for a variety of road traffic offences such as dangerous and careless driving/traffic sign contravention/speeding/leaving vehicles in dangerous positions.
When required they must be despatched (not necessarily received) within 14 days of the offence. Service will be on the registered keeper. As with a request for driver identity read what you are being asked for very carefully and do not "volunteer" gratuitous information. If necessary have a word with the Bikers Advice helpline.
Notices of Intended Prosecution are not required, of course, if the driver is advised, at the time of the offence, of the possibility of prosecution – or indeed if an actual summons is sent to the driver within 14 days of the date of the alleged offence.
Just as we have seen a mushrooming of speed cameras, we have also seen a mushrooming of TV programmes, press articles and publications – all seeking to expose the flaws and purportedly providing tips as to how you can avoid prosecution. There are also an increasing number of lawyers (with increasing bank balances) who are specialising is such challenges.
There is certainly no doubt that people all too often accept and pay up rather than question a situation and whether it is justified. But equally, all too often false hopes are raised and people can waste valuable time and effort in pursuing "no hoper" defences.
So a balance has to be struck and the publication, whose main concern is a quick buck, treated for what it is worth.
Any challenge that you mount against any prosecution regarding cameras will probably involve one (or more) of three areas:-
1. Challenging the location/siting and visibility of speed cameras – (limited opportunity as we have seen)
2. Challenging the technology:-
- Was the camera working properly?
- Was it installed properly?
- Was it calibrated properly?
- Was it installed in accordance with manufacturers' guidelines?
- Can the authorities show evidence of proper installation/ maintenance?
- These are just a few of the recognised means of challenge. The writer does not pretend to be an expert in laser beams, radar or induction. If you are then you may well be able to find others. Unless you successfully convince the authorities at an early stage (eg within the period of a Notice of Intended Prosecution or immediately following a Fixed Penalty Notice) then you will probably have to have your day in court*. If you succeed then all well and good – you avoid penalty points and may be get costs out of central funds. But if you lose (and magistrates are becoming more aware of these objections and correspondingly more sceptical without further proof) then the penalty will be considerably higher than accepting 3 points and a £60 fine for a fixed penalty – in one Scottish case recently over £4,000.
3. Challenging the Law
If you do have your day in court it will be:-
- Because you have decided to plead "not guilty" – and you are satisfied that you have sufficient evidence to succeed with your defence. Mere denial without further ado is definitely not sufficient. Certainly it is up to the prosecution to prove its case – rather than you to prove it for them. But unless you can rubbish the prosecution case with cross examination (showing that their version of events could not possibly have occurred) you yourself will have to show your full version of events and the magistrates will have to prefer your version to the prosecutions. Merely believing your innocence is not enough. It has to be convincingly demonstrated.
- You have decided to plead "guilty" but wish to mitigate the penalty. If (as with most speeding offences) you have been given a Fixed Penalty Notice (3 points and a £60 fine) you should normally be challenging this to avoid points – and seeking to prove that there are special reasons for not endorsing. Otherwise there is not much point in paying an inevitable higher fine (obviously if "totting up" provisions apply, the magistrates will normally ask you to attend court as they will be considering disqualification).
- Procedural errors – I recently watched a couple of television programmes about Nick Freeman, a solicitor who has achieved fame (his critics would say notoriety) and fortune by successfully defending well-heeled celebrities. Mr Freeman specialises in road traffic matters. He makes no bones of the fact that many of his clients did commit an offence. His argument, however, is that if the prosecution cannot be bothered to get their house in order procedurally, then they do not deserve to successfully prosecute. Whilst I have some personal reservations about the validity of some of his arguments, I do have the utmost respect for his hard work and attention to detail on behalf of his clients. Would that his talents were available to the less well off!
- It would be quite impossible to set out every single circumstance when the prosecution might not get it right – (and equally importantly) when the magistrates would feel bound to acquit. The distinction is an important one, since many magistrates turn a blind eye (or are even unaware of) some technical imperfections.
Here are just a few of the things to watch out for. IF YOU HAVE PERSONAL STORIES TO TELL PLEASE LET ME KNOW. The points are confined to speeding offences only:-
- If stopped by the police on the pretext of speeding, did they make you aware of the possibility of prosecution at the time?
- If not did you receive a Notice of Intended Prosecution?
- Always carefully read and check the date and wording of any Notice of Intended Prosecution together with any other documents received. Different areas of the country have different wording.
- Never volunteer information for which you are not asked.
- Was the initial document properly signed – scanned copies have been held to be invalid.
- Does it name the correct person?
- Remember that a large proportion of prosecutions rely on your honesty in "owning up" to your identity and that you were the driver – in this connection do keep an eye open for decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. At one stage it was thought that volunteering the identity of the driver was an infringement of your human right against self incrimination. At the moment you cannot rely on this but watch the space.
- For the prosecution to succeed after signing of forms, the correct person must have signed.
- Although rarely applicable to speeding offences, if you are to be arrested you need to be cautioned properly.
* Tactics of course may dictate that it is unwise to alert the Prosecution of your objections at an early stage. Each case depends on its own facts.
This information is given in good faith. However, neither Bikers Advice nor its servants or agents can be responsible for any inaccuracies. Every case in different and the law can change. Always obtain professional advice in your particular case.


text: I am considering buying a NDS Original Red replacement shell (theyre cheap!) and i was wondering if anyone could give me instructions or a link or some info on how to do it, because its harder than i thought. ive lookend around, and all i could find are ds lite replacement shell instructions, if someone could help me it would be really great. thanx in advance!

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First Class ServiceOrdered one day delivered next - no hassle - what more could you ask
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
by ---Reply from Gear-zone.co.ukDear Nathalie,May I firstly offer m
Date Added: 06/04/2017
---Stunned at how slick and efficient the order, payment and delivery all was. Awesome.Really excellent service. Mega fast delivery which is comforting when it's for a present.Well done Gear Zone.
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
by Advertisement Rob Barkaway Woking, GB
Date Added: 06/04/2017
26 December 2011 <br/>Print = D, Delivery = A* Delivery was good but I wasn't pleased with the presentation of the photographs I submitted. The pictures were excellent that I uploaded, very clear and distinct but the printed result was very fuzzy and not clear. There was no warning that the pictures might not suit or were maybe the wrong size. The colours on the tshirts did not represent the originals properly either. I was a bit disappointed to be honest. I won't be using this company again - but their delivery was excellent even at Christmas. Comment (0) Find useful Reply as company Report Tim Wildman Shropshire, GB
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
by of gerry
Date Added: 06/04/2017
Great servicegreat prices on fitflops and quick delivery, great stuff.
Rating: [5 of 5 Stars]
Displaying 1 to 6 (of 6 reviews)


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1944 – 2014 Downtown Walking Tour Archive
ASHLAND – Tickets are now on sale for The War Days: A 1944 Walking Tour of Downtown Ashland. The event will take place on June 14.
Tours will run every hour, on the hour, between 10 AM to 4 PM. All tours will start and end at the Highlands Museum.
The tour is a joint effort by EKMHS, Highlands Museum, Ashland in Motion, Ashland Area Convention and Visitors Bureau and Ashland in Motion. There are over 30 local businesses also taking part in the event.
The event ill also include several activities taking place on Friday, June 6th to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of D-Day. The Ashland Daily Independent will be re-printing and circulating a reproduction of the "Extra" edition put out on the morning June 6, 1944 announcing the Allied invasion of Europe.
"It is so great to see the city come together and celebrate the history and heritage of our WWII Generation" said EKMHS President Matt Potter.
"With the tour, visitors will essentially be transported back in time 70 years to see Ashland not only in it's heyday, but also as a true homefront town providing services vital to war production" Potter said.
Ashland resident Don Huffman said that the event will be a great opportunity to learn about all the ways Ashland contributed to the war effort.
"I remember well hearing the whistles at ARMCO noting shift changes. I also remember living next to the C&O Passenger Depot and seeing the trains full of American sons and fathers heading overseas on one track, while seeing trains full of German and Italian POW's on the next platform."
In addition to the downtown tour, a WWII Veterans Meet and Greet will take place from 11 – 1 at the museum. There will also be special sales and open houses at downtown businesses. 1940′s music and cars will line Winchester Avenue.
At 6 PM that evening, The Capitol Theater will once again come to life for a screening of "The Longest Day"
Tickets for the walking tour are $10 per person with children 10 and under touring for free.
All other events are free and open to the public.
Tickets can be purchased at the following locations:
The Highlands Museum
The Ashland Area Convention and Visitors Bureau
the Lamp Post Cafe
For more information about the tour, or to volunteer with the event, please call Matt Potter at (606) 547-2607 or email email@example.com.


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Minister for Education Martin Dixon today announced that 169 schools will receive a share of $23 million in additional maintenance funding to repair, replace, or rebuild school buildings.
The further investment of $23 million is in addition to the $51.5 million allocated in 2013, and $71 million allocated in the 2014-15 Victorian State Budget to address Labor's $420 million maintenance backlog.
"During the 2012 maintenance audit – a fulfillment of a Coalition Government election promise – all 27,000 Victorian government school buildings were assessed, and the audit exposed a decade of Labor neglect," Mr Dixon said.
"The Victorian Auditor-General's Office found Labor's Building the Education Revolution program was underfunded by $70 million and forced schools to maintain underutilised facilities and buildings.
"After 11 years of Labor neglect and a 20 per cent cut to maintenance funding, the Napthine Government stepped in and took decisive action.
"The Coalition Government has delivered on its election promises, and has increased direct school maintenance funding by over 40 per cent, in contrast to Labor's cuts and broken promises," Mr Dixon said.
"In its first State Budget, the Coalition Government invested an additional $100 million in school maintenance including funding to cover cost overruns in Labor's Building the Education Revolution for maintenance, cleaning, and utilities.
"We have already delivered $51.5 million in additional maintenance funding, and this second round of additional school maintenance funding will address the 321 Victorian government school buildings most in need of urgent works.
"Our record is clear – unlike Labor, when we make a promise, we deliver on it."
Since 2011, the Victorian Coalition Government has delivered a $1.1 billion investment in school infrastructure, including 23 new schools and upgrades to hundreds of existing schools.
For a full list of recipients, please go to: http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/news/archive/Pages/maintenance.aspx


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Funeral Flowers
At Mrs Bouquets we understand that when you loose a loved one it is a very difficult time, so we offer a personal home visiting service to discuss flowers for the funeral.
We tailor make many floral tributes from a simple funeral posy to an elaborate coffin spray. Design to suit your individual request ensuring that they are personal to you.
Funeral Gallery
To view samples of our recent funeral work please click here - Funeral Gallery>>


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capnTelescope wrote:Hi, Frank.
Bugger, indeed. I wonder if "bugger" has the same meaning there as it occasionally does here, although it's not that commonly used.
Hi Brad. No doubt it does.
Have a look at this you may get a laugh. It puts it in Kiwi perspective.
The broadcasting standards authority had several complaints about the add, but said in this context it is a term in every day use in NZ and let it play.


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What to See at Edison Ford
The Edison & Ford Winter Estates boasts over 20 acres of botanical gardens, nine historic buildings including Edison's Botanic Research Laboratory and the Edison Ford Museum which contains an impressive collection of inventions, artifacts and special exhibit galleries. We offer audio and guided tours seven days a week, along with specialty tours on select days. Click here for tour options.
Take a peek at the Edison Ford Virtual Tour to get a taste of tropical "old Florida" at the Edison & Ford Winter Estates, including:
- Museum Entrance
- Banyan Tree
- Edison Main & Guest House
- Moonlight Garden
Light refreshments and snacks are available in the Edison Ford Museum Store or the Ford Cottage Shoppe.
Have questions about you will see at the Edison Ford? Contact Edison Ford or call 239-334-7419!


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Welcome back for the second installment in my "Playing House Series". This series is all about moving in with a significant other. My first post was all about making the big decision to move in with a significant other in the first place! You can find that here.
I am currently in the process of moving in with my fiancee Nick, so this series is really all about my take and my personal experience with these matters. Actually, the day this post is published is the day of the BIG MOVE!
Ok, enough with the introduction! Let's get on to to the topic of this post! Ok, you guys made the massive, super adult decision to move in together and now it's time to decide where!!
This can be a very tricky decision to make if you don't live super close or if one of you is particularly attached to your apartment/house. It's a discussion that has to be made calmly and with an open mind. You can go into the conversation with a desired outcome, but if you are not willing to listen or to compromise, this can be quite difficult. It's very important to go into this discussion with an open mind.
Now I cannot sit here and give you the pros and cons of your place versus his place because obviously I don't know your situation! This is a list for you to come up and be realistic about it! Sit down and look at your place from both your perspective and your significant other's perspective and try to do the same for his place as well! It's always important to try to look at it from their perspective, which can be difficult!
When Nick and I had the initial discussion about where we were going to live I made a list about all of the financial reasons why my apartment made the most sense, not even considering there is a lot more to this situation than finances. Sometimes the living arrangement that makes the most financial sense, isn't the correct answer. His place was not an option, because he lives in New York City and parking is NOT fun over there and I need a car to get to work. We ended up with option C: a spanking new place for the both of us!
Here are some things to consider when deciding where you should live together as a couple:
*Finances- Is one apartment, or a new apartment more fiscally responsible? That's something to consider
*Distance- A central location for both of your jobs is definitely preferable.
*Size- Be realistic. Minimalism may be trendy right now, but if you aren't a minimalist don't try to squeeze all of your stuff AND their stuff into a studio.
*Comfort- This is a BIG one! Are you truly comfortable at his place? Is he truly comfortable at your place? We aren't talking about spending a weekend here- we are talking about spending YEARS! If one of you isn't truly comfortable or feel as if you can't truly be yourself, it's time to look for an alternative solution.
*Future Goals- will getting a new apartment hinder a common future goal of yours? Definitely something to keep in mind
*Time frame- how long do you plan on staying? If the realistic plan is a short period of time it may not make sense to relocate both of you


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Even though Kris graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Elementary Education, she has had over 25 years in marketing and sales. Her experience in insurance sales and three medias which included newspaper, radio and television, have given her the knowledge and the experience to work with many businesses in their marketing strategies. Kris has helped businesses strive to be successful through her sincere efforts and really "caring" manner. In her freetime, she enjoys spending time with her husband, Hamilton, her dog, Lucy, and all her treasured family and friends. Loyalty, laughter and loving are words that Kris describes working at KTTC, which is also her family.
6301 Bandel Road NW, Rochester, MN 55901
Switchboard: 507-288-4444
News tips: 507-280-5125 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Trinity View
House, Ventnor , Ventnor and Bonchurch, Isle of Wight
Sleeps 12Sleeps 12
This impressive three storey Victorian terraced house with eight en-suite bedrooms provides sleeping for up to twelve guests. There's ample accommodation throughout with two double bedrooms, two twin rooms and four singles. There are two reception rooms, as well as the fully equipped kitchen, a substantial dining room and even further bathrooms. Outside there's a rear garden which is mainly lawned with garden furniture. To the front there's parking for a number of vehicles.
Ventnor is famous for its warm micro-climate. The part sand, part shingle beach is great for sunbathing and swimming. Pubs, cafes and restaurants are dotted along the seafront as is the unique Isle of Wight shaped paddling pool. The Cascade leads up to the town, which is built on a series of zigzag terraces and steeped in history. There are friendly souvenir shops as well as delicatessens and convenience stores. Enjoy some peace and quiet in the tranquil Botanic Gardens, a 22-acre sub-tropical paradise. Heading west is one of the Island's hidden gems, Steephill Cove. All around Ventnor you'll find beautiful walks with dramatic viewpoints.
The Isle of Wight famous for its superb beaches, dramatic coastlines and outstanding natural beauty, the Island is a holiday haven with something for everyone. From secluded coves and wide expanses of sandy beaches it's not just the stunning landscapes that attract visitors to the Island, but the variety of things to see and do. Rich in a wide variety of sporting and leisure activities, visitors return year after year to enjoy another holiday with Home from Home Holidays. Self-catering is the most popular option because it is both cost effective and offers flexibility with the freedom to come and go as you please.
Booking Fee: £50.00 per booking
£250 is required to cover any damage or breakages to the property
£250 is required to cover any damage or breakages to the property


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- Calories 340
- Caloriesfromfat 140
- Fat 15g
- Satfat 6g
- Cholesterol 45mg
- Sodium 1330mg
- Carbohydrate 38g
- Fiber 3g
- Sugars 10g
- Protein 14g
- Calcium 15%
- Iron 10%
Fiesta Chicken Taco Cups
Come home to these baked chicken cups made using Pillsbury® crescent dinner rolls flavored with taco sauce – Mexican dinner ready in 50 minutes.
How to Make It
Step 1: Heat oven to 375°F. Spray 8 medium muffin cups with cooking spray. In 1-quart saucepan, heat taco sauce with chicken over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until thoroughly heated.
Step 2: Unroll dough and separate into 4 rectangles; press each into 8x4-inch rectangle, firmly pressing perforations to seal. Cut each in half crosswise, making 8 squares. Sprinkle both sides of each square with cornmeal. Press each in bottom and up side of muffin cup; turn edges of dough under, pressing to extend 1/4 inch above edge of cup.
Step 3: Spoon about 2 tablespoons chicken mixture into each cup. Sprinkle cheese over each.
Step 4: Bake 12 to 17 minutes or until edges are deep golden brown. Cool in pan on wire rack 5 minutes; remove from muffin cups. Serve warm.


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I have been a long time fan of the iPhone, and when the iPhone 4S was released two weeks ago I picked one up. I have now been using it for two weeks and thought I would share some thoughts and experiences of it.
Siri is one of the big new features only available on the iPhone 4S (today). Siri enables you to get things done by just asking – for example, you can say you want to add a calendar event or send a text message.
By default Siri is switched off, so you have to enable "him" or "her".
Here in the UK we get a Male voice, where as in the US they have the option of a Female voice. You can change it by changing your language setting to English (United States) but then the software looks for certain words and ways of speaking – certain things I asked didn't work as well when set to US as apposed to UK.
Siri works quite well, when it works. I cant tell you the number of times it hasn't worked, or given me some bizarre response.
That being said, the programmers have a real sense of humour and have some responses available to the obvious questions:
Battery Woes
Oh where do I start???
Having used an iPhone 4 for well over a year, I could get a full days use of it, including having certain location services enabled, and my email accounts set to Push my emails to the phone.
So given that Apple were promising at least an hour additional battery life out of the iPhone 4S I was somewhat surprised how quickly my battery was going down, even when I wasn't actually doing anything.
It was quite unnerving just sitting watching the battery remaining percentage literally tick down in front of my eyes. I was getting about half a day out of the battery and not actually using the phone that much at all.
For the first time in a very long time I saw the dreaded red battery logo and my phone shut down.
Needless to say I wasn't very happy.
I did some quick research and noticed that I wasn't the only person having this problem.
Some people were saying it was expected as the 4S has a more powerful processor (ok, but Apple said it had at least an hours MORE battery, not LESS).
Others advised turning off various services – ok, I thought, I can do that.
So I turned off a few things and the battery still went down quickly.
In the end I had to turn off the following just to get a "working" day's use of the phone (at that's not even using the phone that much as an actual phone):
- Siri
- all Location Services
- Wireless
- Bluetooth
- Push email
- and a few other things
so basically I have to turn off most of the functionality that makes having an iPhone worth having. Basically I am almost back to having just "a phone to make phone calls".
So Apple, hurry up and release a fix already!
Final Thoughts
So, the question I get asked the most at the moment is "was it worth upgrading from the iPhone 4"? Well, to be honest, the answer today is No, it wasn't. At least, not today. The battery issue is frustrating me the most. I'm not seeing significant improvement in the speeds (although I am seeing some) and while Siri is fun for a but, ultimately right now, here in the UK, it's not that much use.
I am happy with the camera functionality (not that I use the camera that much, but it's certainly nice to have it available), plus the HD video shooting capability is great.
If you have an iPhone 3 or 3GS, then it certainly is worth upgrading – no question about it.
I assume that Apple will release an update at some point soon to fix the battery issues, they always do.
Don't get me wrong, I am happy with the 4S, I'm just not as happy as I could be…..
Do you have an iPhone 4S? What do you think?


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This is the official website for Orienteering and Fell Running for Sheffield University. Here you will find all the information you could possibly want about our wonderful club including how to join and information about all the exciting things we get up to.
We have training on most days of the week. Everyone is welcome to come to anything and there will be plenty of our members around to help with any queries!
Check out our latest pictures and videos in our:
Photo gallery
Video gallery
See our social media accounts for more information or just a good stalk!
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ShefUniOclub/
Twitter: @ShefUniOClub
Instagram: @shuocgooutrun


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Tell us what you need so we can bring you the right pros.
Receive quotes from pros who meet your needs.
Compare quotes, message pros, and hire when ready.
Browse these wedding hair and makeup artists with great ratings from Thumbtack customers in Memorial Park.
I had someone who was going to do my hair and makeup for my wedding day September 8th (Friday evening). Well the person that was going to work on our makeup for my daughter, Stepdaughter, & myself calls me on Tuesday to cancel leaving me 3 days to my wedding day to try to find another person. Of course I am totally ticked off because I specifically asked this lady on Sunday night if she was going to still do our makeup. She said yes ma'am don't you worry. Leaving me and assuming she got all 3 of us on my wedding day. So now I have to find someone asap to do our makeup for my wedding. My step daughter found Linda on Thumbtack. At that moment I needed someone quickly. I called Linda and she was available to do all 3 of our makeup and OMG she did an AMAZING JOB on my daughters's and my makeup as well. Especially it being a last minute and for 3 people. She is sooooo AWESOME!!!!!! She was on point, very professional, very friendly, and very organized, did our makeup the way we liked it and asked for. I will definitely be using her again.
she is a wonderful makeup artist! i loved my hair and makeup!! she is super easy to talk! 10 out of 10 :)
Anabel was the best makeup artist I could have ever asked for. Not only is she the sweetest person, but she listened to everything I wanted done and made sure it was to my liking. She comes prepared with a full setup. I never had an issue communicating with her, even when she was on a family trip she did her best to respond to me as quickly as she could. The weekend before my wedding I added a few family members on to get their makeup done, and she gave me an amazing deal for them. She was on time and had everyone done as quickly as she could, while still taking her time to make sure everyone looked their best. I have honestly never felt so beautiful as I did the day of my wedding, and that's because she did my makeup and hair so beautifully. I got so many compliments on both throughout the night. She is truly a great person to work with and if I ever need my makeup or hair done for an event again, I would gladly look to hire her. She's amazing!
Andrea was on time as promised, she was very professional, she was very accomodating to the small work area and photographers. My wedding hair/makeup help all night, even in the Houston heat at Herman Park. I received many compliments on both! Love her, and would use her and reccommend her for any event!
AMAZING! Great communication, on time, and most of all, my prom hair and makeup lasted me all night!! It looked wonderful, I will be a returning customer!
Darling is very thorough in her work and does an excellent job! She truly cares about her clients and goes the extra mile to ensure you are completed satisfied! Highly recommend her to anyone out there looking for a hair and makeup artist!
Fantastic! I've gotten my makeup done by Daphne sereral times and each time has been a great experience. She's a perfectionist and is considerate of your ideas and tries to accomplish the look you're going for. Her style is bold and beautiful yet natural looking. Perfect for weddings or formal events. Overall one of the best makeup artists I've been to in Houston.
Lara and her team at Empire Faces were great to work with! Very professional and responsed quickly with any questions I had. Thank you for making my wedding day hair & makeup all that I wanted and more! I highly recommend Empire Faces for your next wedding or formal event!
I found Nicole though Thumbtack and she was the makeup artist for my wedding. She pays attention to what you want as well was making recommendations that she believes would suit you. She's also very responsible and has a delightfully easygoing personality. Highly recommend Nicole!
Corey was absolutely amazing to work with on my wedding day, I can't recommend her enough! She did my makeup, my bridesmaids makeup, along with the MOB and MOG's makeup and made sure everyone looked flawless and was ready right on schedule. Everyone is still talking about how much they loved their hair/makeup! She is truly a professional and great at what she does. If you are looking for a hair/makeup artist, I highly recommend using Corey!
Rosalyn is a great makeup artist!! Her professionalism and flexibility during my wedding day was very impressive she was also very helpful with assisting me with getting ready. I would definitely recommend her to anyone looking for quality make up artist. I will definitely use her again.
I am so happy that I hired Irina for my wedding hair and make up. I had a make up trial and consult with Irina before the wedding and decided to hire her right then. I canceled my other make up trials and I am so glad I did that. I had a crazy wedding day with two events on the same day for which I had requested two different hairstyles and slightly different eye make up. Irina delivered exactly what I had asked for. She also did hair for three other people. She worked really fast without compromising on quality. Her prices are very reasonable - so much so that I was a little hesitant at first because I thought that surely her rates would be higher if she was any good. But boy was I wrong! She was very responsive from the time I hired her to the day of my wedding discussing different potential hairstyles for all of the people whose hair she was working on. I had asked her to show up at 7 am at my apartment and she was pretty much on time and didn't leave until 4 pm. At times she was my only company on my wedding day and it was nice to have her around.
Jen is such an amazing artist and I hired her for my bridal portraits and my wedding makeup. I could not believe how stunning and natural she made me look. She is a true artist in her craft and is more than reasonably priced. If you are looking for someone to do your wedding makeup, makeup for a photoshoot or anything else - you MUST HIRE JEN! She will take care of you. As a hairstylist myself, she will be my number one makeup artist I recommend in Houston and nearby places. Thanks Jen for helping make my special day PERFECT!!!
I honestly loved her work she did amazing.Everyone told me that my makeup and hair looked way better then the actual Quinceñera girl lol thank you Angie 😘
Kathleen did my makeup for my wedding, and was wonderful to work with. She really makes you feel at ease, and she is very good at what she does!
Very professional and she did a beautiful job on her makeup and hair as well. Thank you for making this a special day.
I highly recommend AZ she is doing wonderful job. I'm always satisfied with her makeup and hair tht she do for me 🤗.
Glaiza did a great job for my wedding hair set up yesterday. She is very nice and professional. My hair is not long enough to set up but Glaiza was very professional and made my hair so pretty! I will highly recommend her.
She did my makeup for my wedding and wedding party - everyone loved their looks!!!!
She was so great!!!! She came to my hotel room before my wedding! She knocked out 5 bridesmaids and my hair in 3.5 hours. She even knows a lovely lady who does makeup! They were both amazing and I recommended them both to my cruise wedding coordinator at carnival! The hair she did withstood a monsoon and two hours in the car and still looked great!
Andre' is a multicultural master hair designer and makeup artist. Andre' trained at the New Trend Pivot Point International Beauty College in San Antonio, Texas, where he graduated at the top of the class. While in school, he was most requested on the floor and entered a hair competition for both pros and students and placed first in the pro-competition as they didn't know he was a student! Since then, Andre' has continued to further his education. As a result, he is able to offer his clients a wide array of services. Andre' has had training in the following: * relaxers * hair coloring * makeup application * wedding dos * waxing * curly perms * hair extensions * clipper cuts * designer cuts * keratin treatments * highlights * ombre * balayage Whatever your styling needs, Andre' has the knowledge and skills to meet them. Just as important as the diversity of Andre's knowledge is the diversity of his clientele over the years. He has contributed his talents to teaching, films, print, the stage, models, actors, singers, and dancers. In addition to countless weddings and photo-shoots, he has done makeovers on the Tangy Patton Show and has done hair for Latina Magazine. Andre' has also worked in salons that are located in a variety of communities and, as a result, is able to offer his exceptional multicultural hair services to everyone.
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
Houston, TX


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Memory Bank: Hull
The History Troupe and the Yorkshire Film Archive are delighted to announce the launch of Memory Bank: Hull – a new reminiscence resource based on Hull's film heritage collections, revealed once more for everyone to see and enjoy.
Memory Bank: Hull was created in conjunction with healthcare professionals, carers and families, to provide a complete resource for reminiscence and life story work. The packs are all about using archive footage of familiar faces, places, events and everyday lives to re-discover and connect with our collective shared memories.
For people of Hull that means films of the docks and the fishing industry, summer days spent in East Park getting drenched on the splash boat, reliving the drama of the 1980 Rugby Challenge Cup Final between Hull FC and Hull KR, and – of course – a visit to the famous Hull Fair. All this and more!
Memory Bank: Hull provides a wealth of information to support reminiscence, designed to be flexible in a variety of settings – it is now available to purchase below for £29.99
If you'd prefer to pay via cheque or have any questions about Memory Bank: Hull please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Spring Summer Season with THT
Launched as a Performing Arts company in 2015, THT is growing as an innovative content producer and educator building on strong content generating talks, workshops, plays and musical performances for schools, firms and across the community. THT Heritage builds on this content and performance experience to offers to research, produce and exhibit a range of local hidden histories.
The THT Spring Summer season is building from this platform.
Aside of Events listed here and at Hull Box: Office, https://www.hullboxoffice.com/
The Vote, a play about dementia. To be launched in National Dementia Action Week with the Memory Bank, Hull Pack – this is a collaboration with Yorkshire Film Archive. May 21st to the 27th.
The Strange Death of Corsetry; Mabel Thunder and a series of talks on the impact of WW1 on Hull are all being finalized.
The Rugby theme with Run for the Line; Heroes and A Tale of Two Cities continues to generate strong audiences; The Strange Death of Corsetry – a play about women pre / post WW1 extends the repertoire in this closing centenary year. Dates being agreed across the City.
November, 2018. Daniel Morgan, Tarin Puckering and Dave Gawthorpe are working on THTs 1918 commemoration. Already booked – Truths at St Marys Watton on the 10th; Hessle for the 11th November.
NCOP and widening participation.
Work with the UoH and FORCE on widening participation into Further Education builds momentum. Workshops with Cottingham High School, Franklin College, Malet Lambert, Marvell College, St Marys, The Boulevard, Winifred Holtby and others within the last term. Then, there is Community related work with Carnegie, The Freedom Centre, West Hull ARL Club.
The THT offer has developed. A sister company has been launched: 2050NOW – with a focus on employability. This means talks, workshops and exhibitions all about building self-confidence, digital and functional literacy and teamwork. More on this later.
Heritage Exhibitions.
Building on the ABP Pump House success, Daniel Morgan leads on THT Heritage Exhibitions. The Pump House will be open again shortly – details to follow. From May 14th, a new Exhibition: Hull, Port City will open at the Hull History Centre. This theme is explored with information boards and photography drawn from the InPort Stories digital archive. Other Exhibitions will on the Hull Barnsley Railway; Safety at Work; Madam Clapham and her Times; Women of Hull and Wilsons Parrots – a story of immigration through the Humber 1880-1914.
Each Exhibition will be the catalyst for other heritage related talks, workshops and performances.
THT has built a strong platform of content and this pipeline is opening up. Sally Evans Witts is joining THT to explore new writing for the stage; Barry Matthews, an authority on poetry of the First World War is working with THT on a ground-breaking re-interpretation of the canon and a new collaboration with theatre group Platform 1 is opening up a fresh dialogue on contemporary issues. Several people have submitted writing and this is being looked at. Rob Bell has written a new play, The Vote – a play about dementia and this will be staged at the end of May.
Platform 1.
Inspired by the story of migrants moving through Hull Paragon 1880-1914 a group of new arrivals in Hull have launched this innovative at important theatre group, THT is pleased to support these efforts. Rob Bell has collaborated with Platform 1 on the script Middle Sea. Which will appear at Kardomah94 26th June.
THT Players
Since THT launched a number of fine actors have trod the boards and we are delighted at recent additions to the team welcome. Here are the players:
Ailsa Oliver, George Martin, Gina Garton, Joe Mankel, Kathryn Flyn, Mary McCullough, Sally Evans Witts, Soraya Hussain. Adding to stalwarts Daniel Morgan, Graham Hamilton, James Crowther, Lilly Barr, Mike Watts, Norah Hanson, Shane Edwards, Stan Haywood, Tarin Puckering


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Historic Columbia's Department of Cultural Resources staff is offering free consultation services for basic preservation of damaged items, such as paintings, family photos, furniture, and textiles.
Staff will come to affected areas as resources allow. Below is a checklist to help homeowners salvage items during the cleanup.
For more information, contact historiccolumbia.org
General points
Avoid drying wet things in direct sunlight.
Use paper towels to blot off excess water. Newspapers can rub ink onto other paper.
Un-frame works of art or photos behind glass if wet.
Many water-damaged items can be repaired or conserved – do not be too hasty in throwing them away.
If a stack of family photos is stuck together, put in paper towel and freeze. They can be slowly thawed out and separated later.
Take a digital photo of printed photos if they are heavily damaged. The digital image can later be printed and the damage retouched.
Framed objects/ works on paper/ photographs
Un-frame if wet.
Use paper towels to blot.
Dry flat out of the direct sun.
Clean mud and dirt off with paper towel and clean water.
Avoid drying in direct sun. This will cause wood to crack, especially veneers.
Avoid using heavy cleaning agents, such as bleach wipes, as they can strip wood of its finish.
Metal objects
Clean off mud/dirt with clean water.
Dry with paper towel.
Do not apply solvents like WD40 on sculpture or other works of art in metal.
Clean with soap and water.
Ceramics and glass normally do not "pick up" and hold mud and dirt. They can be cleaned.
Delicate fabrics should be carefully hand washed using dye and perfume free detergent and cold, distilled water.
Wash only as a necessity, as some dyes can and will run.
Do not wring the fabric after washing-put it between layers of clean dry towels and gently squeeze out water. Hang to dry in indirect light.
Submitted by Historic Columbia


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Pathivara Devi shrine (3794m) is a popular pilgrimage destination that is believed to fulfill the long-cherished dreams of her devotees. The animist deity at Pathivara is worshipped with equal reverence by both Hindus and Buddhist. The Goddess at Pathibhara is believed to fulfill the long-cherished dreams of her devotees, like sons for those without sons, and wealth for the poor. Pathivara Devi is considered one of the 'Shakti peeths'. Worshippers from different parts of Nepal and India flock the temple during special occasions, as it is believed that a pilgrimage to the temple ensures fulfilment of all that the pilgrim desires. The devotees of Pathibhara also include members of the Royal family from Nepal. The pilgrims sacrifice animals and bring gold and silver as offerings to the Pathibhara Devi.
The best time to visit the temple is from March through out to June and September to November. Pilgrimages can also have an opportunity to visit Kanchanjungha range, the waterfall at Sawa pokhari and the pond of Timbuk, during autumn and spring every year. The thick forest eco-system along the trail offers diversity of wildlife, birds, flowers and butterflies. Most of the Kanchenjunga range can also be seen from this point.
The journey to Pathibhara starts from Suketar (2840m) which takes about 2-hours walk to reach from Phungling Bazaar. Pathibhara Devi is about 8-10 hours from Suketar. The airport at Suketar is the only airport of Taplejung district. Suketar is connected to Kathmandu and Biratnagar by scheduled flights. Beautiful views of Kanchenjunga and Kumbhakarna can be seen from Suketar. From Suketar the trail passes through Deurali, Chhatedunga, Bhalugauda, Phedi and finally to Pathibhara if you go there you can get unforgettable experience from there and you can also relies with mixed community overe there as they have a mixed culture.
The trail offers food and lodging facilities. Basic accommodation facilities are also available for pilgrims near the shrine.The local people here are the Limbus, with the higher regions inhabited by people of Tibeto-Mongoloid ancestry. Sherpas, Rais, Gurungs, Magars, Newars, Sunwars, and Tamangs also live in this area, while the area also offers cultural diversity of Chhetris and Brahmins.
Arrive to Kathmandu, an exciting and memorable experience with the panoramic view of snow-capped Himalayan range greets your sight.
Independent Himalayan Adventure's Airport Representative will meet you at the airport and take you to your hotel. After arrival to hotel, Short briefing and final payment procedures.
A historical and cultural site of Nepal; Kathmandu is a popular destination for tourists. It will presents a wonderful mixture of Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism and Western influence in the Valley. Patan and Bhaktapur are its two major neighboring cities which bear immense historical, cultural and religious significance. There will be a half day guided tour to the famous and biggest Hindu shrine Pashupatinath and the largest Buddhist stupa Bouddhanath.
Arrive Suketar either direct flight from Kathmandu or via Biratnagar (+1 day) and follow the trail to Deurali. Enjoy and observe surrounding the pathibhara trails local lifestyle.
Trek from Deurali to Phedi. Bird watching along the trail. View mountains and sceneries on the way. Almost 4 to 5 hours Trek.
Trek from phedi to Pathivara. Darshan of Pathivara Devi. Bird watching on the way. View mountains and sceneries from Pathivara. Trek back to Phedi. approx 2 and half hours trek.
Trek from Phedi to Suketar. Observe the surroundings and local lifestyle. Visit the local monastery. Tasting local drinks and food. 4 to 5 hours trek.
Enjoying your last glimpse of the mountains you have recently visited one last time on the ... minute Scenic flight back to Kathmandu from Suketar (Taplejung).
It's also spare day in Kathmandu, If you are interested in continuing on to the Chitwan Jungle Safari, River Rafting Adventure or any other tours you can start today.
Transfer for your final flight departure. The trip ends, our Airport Representative will drop you to the Kathmandu International Airport for your flight departure from Nepal.
Ethnic Diversity
The predominant people here are the Limbus, with the higher regions inhabited by people of Tibeto-Mongoloid ancestry. Tibetans, Sherpas, Rais, Gurungs, Magars, Newars, Sunwars, and Tamangs also live in this area, while the area also offers cultural diversity of Chhetris and Brahmins.
Other Attractions:
Other attractions of the region are monasteries situated in Olangchungola and Lungchung, the waterfall at Sawa and the pond of Timbuk. Also the forest ecosystem along the trail offers diversity of wildlife, birds, flowers and butterflies. Most of the Kanchenjunga range can also be seen from here.
The journey to Pathibhara starts from Suketar (2,840 m) about a 2-hour walk from Phungling Bazaar. Pathibhara Devi Temple is about 8-10 hours from Suketar. From Suketar the Pathibhara trail passes through Deurali, Ramitedanda, Chhatedhunga, Bhalugaunda, Phedi and finally to Pathibhara. The trail offers food and lodging facilities. Basic accommodation facilities are also available for pilgrims near the shrine.


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Tiger & Bunny Volume One by Mizuki Sakakibara and Masakazu Katsura
Published: April 9th, 2013
Publisher: Viz Media LLC
Source: Purchased
Goodreads | Amazon | Barnes and Noble
Superpowered humans known as NEXT appeared in the world 45 years ago. Some of them fight crime in the city of Stern Bild while promoting their corporate sponsors on the hit show "HERO TV." The people love their superheroes, even if they don't completely understand them, and not all of the NEXT use their powers for good. Veteran hero Wild Tiger has years of experience fighting crime, but his ratings have been slipping. Under orders from his new employer, Wild Tiger finds himself forced to team up with Barnaby Brooks Jr., a rookie with an attitude. Overcoming their differences will be at least as difficult for this mismatched duo as taking down superpowered bad guys!
The first time I encountered Tiger & Bunny was when the anime was beginning to air. I eventually delegated it to the sideline to wait for the show to finish, but I never felt compelled to return to the story until now. I recently decided that I would start tackling my back-list of books pilling around or unhaul them, so I picked up volume one of Tiger & Bunny. After binge-watching the episodes of My Hero Academia on Crunchyroll, I wanted more superheroes and I wanted them now. The team of writers and artists behind Tiger & Bunny establish a nice repertoire of characters, though the NEXTs are not deeply developed at this point. I distinguished them mostly by their extravagant costumes or particular abilities, so I'd love to see a focus on different heroes in the future. The setting is Stern Bild; a city that has built a consumerism culture around their superpowered humans. There is an implicit understanding that heroes are expected to sell themselves to the public while catching criminals if they want to stay in the industry. Kotetsu, who has been in the business for a long time, is seeing a downturn in popularity while newcomers rise. As Wild Tiger, Kotetsu places emphasis on tradition heroism — selflessness, bravery, and sacrifice. His values are an oddity in the wake of a commercialized society where every crime is broadcasted across the city and heroes are scored on a point system based on arrival time, rescue success, or criminals captured.
"Tiger, can you hear me? Get started once the 30-second commercial is over!" […] "Hey! Listen to me! Things will be more exciting my way!" "I don't care about that. We heroes only care about…keeping the peace!" (19-20)
Kotetsu's words are nice in theory, but they don't resonate with fans who stop in the middle of the street to watch the Hero T.V. broadcast. As a result, Wild Tiger's ratings suck. Volume one kicks off immediately in the midst of an armed robbery. It was interesting to see that Stern City, with the widespread popularity of their live rescue entertainment program, still has a responsive police presence. Readers can expect Tiger & Bunny's share of troubled pasts and deep dark secrets to run its course as the story starts to flesh itself out. For now, the attention is focused on establishing a foundation for the series to rest on. It's apparent from the beginning that not every hero on the crime scene is there to make an arrest. Sponsors looking to exploit Hero T.V. can turn to Origami Cyclone because he constantly places himself in prominent background positions
without doing anything. Blue Rose has one of my favorite abilities (I'm predisposed to love all ice superpowers), but she doesn't seem to love being a NEXT crimefighter. She has a good grasp on how to use her powers creatively. However when she is attacked, Blue Rose seems to be bound by contract to use her catchphrase "cutie escape" instead of going on the offensive (that name is so embarrassing just to type, it's no wonder she complains to her president).
"Head on over there, Karina! I let you sing your new song because of that broadcast issue…But you'll have to finish the day with you-know-what."
I'm hoping that this series will turn away from the direction of normalizing sexual objectification. The readers can clearly see that Blue Rose is dissatisfied with her current situation, and her passions seem to lie in stage performance. Perhaps being a hero is the easiest way for her to be on television, but I would definitely like to delve deeper into her psyche. It's a little unfortunate that there are only two female superheroes in a sea of males. Dragon Kid is one of my favorite characters though, because she came down from the freaking sky to make her captures. Due to their shared ability to temporary amplify their power, Barnaby and Kotetsu are thrown together by Apollon Media as a marketing strategy. Reluctant allies at best, our dynamic pair clash at almost every opportunity. Still, in a world like this one, there really isn't a hero that can stand alone against all odds. It's easy to see how the whole cast can slowly grow together, even though all our superheroes are little more than friendly acquaintances now.
"But that just means you're not human, right?! Of course it creeps us out! Oh! H-heroes are different! You guys are cool! And you help people!" "We're the same." (140)
Volume one wraps up one of the first antagonists, a boy with the ability to make statues move at will, when the heroes successfully quell his rampage through the city. Though his revenge was a bit lackluster in purpose, there's a resounding heartfelt conclusion that inspires the child to change for the better. I might prefer the hard hitting impact of gruesome battles and morally ambiguous characters, but a reminder that there's always hope and people willing to defend it still warms my heart. The contributors of Tiger & Bunny had a clever hand in blending western costume designs with the heart of Japanese storytelling. It'll be an interesting character journey to follow to the end to see if Barnaby's heart is secretly ridden with Sasuke-level anger or if he'll reluctantly allows his friends to temper some of his rage. If nothing else, Barnaby certainly prides himself of a level of rational thinking I connect with. On a final note, I want to throw in that if an ice rink is falling from high up and you're in the vicinity, please don't stop running for safety just to cheer or watch it happen. It seems that civilians have close to absolute trust in their heroes, so I wonder where these NEXTs first received their training. Do we have a hero academy?
Tiger & Bunny Volume Two by Mizuki Sakakibara and Masakazu Katsura
Published: July 9th, 2013
Publisher: Viz Media LLC
Source: Purchased
Goodreads | Amazon | Barnes and Noble
The official manga tie-in to the international smash-hit animated series! Superpowered humans known as NEXT appeared in the world 45 years ago. Some of them fight crime in the city of Stern Bild while promoting their corporate sponsors on the hit show "HERO TV." The people love their superheroes, even if they don't completely understand them, and not all of the NEXT use their powers for good. Kotetsu and Barnaby are the first NEXT superhero duo, but they've got a few differences to overcome if they're going to learn to work together. A reality TV show intruding into their daily lives doesn't help, but a bomb threat just might get them to cooperate. Then a misguided surprise party leads to a NEXT-involved diamond heist!
A typical single volume sized manga is small and generally costs the same retail as a paperback book. Whether it's by a desire to get my money's worth of entertainment or by the simple reality that I've become a ridiculously slow reader, it takes me forever to finish a manga volume. I finished Tiger & Bunny volume two in less than an hour. The outset of the second installment begins with a flashback, and cue my reaction: oh, oh, OH THAT'S MR. CEO GUY ISN'T IT??
also all the flames and destruction makes me sad
As usual, Kotetsu and Barnaby are still a far cry away from being friends.
"No, go right." "It doesn't matter which way we go!" "Then let's go right." "…Hey, Li'l Bunny, you should follow your elders' lead."
Their viewpoints can't seem to cross the age divide, their values diverge, and their inability to coordinate hinder their effectiveness in battle. Yet when Kotetsu gets word that Barnaby's birthday is fast approaching, he decides that a good partner should prepare a surprise…right?
Character & Plot Development
Although Barnaby and Kotetsu mix as well as oil and water, Barnaby's charisma has earned wide spread attention. Volume two progresses through small-scale threats, and most of them are resolved in a chapter or two. The fast pace change from one problem to another was more than enough to keep me entertained. Measuring these events against the scope of this series as a whole could make this volume feel like filler in retrospect, but there are crucial moments in here that mark a shift in Kotetsu and Barnaby's relationship. It is not quite respect, nor is it acceptance, but camaraderie has a way of gradually sneaking up on people who go through dangerous situations together.
The Actual Characters
I really appreciated chapter seven because it was an unexpected but candid way to see our characters without their masks. The way that our heroes train isn't flashy with one-on-one duals. Instead, their gym seems like a place where heroes from every company can come together to release their stress through exercise.
"I don't even know why I'm a hero anymore." (79)
I liked the acknowledgement that superpowers, no matter how powerful or beneficial to society, might lead some down a path they didn't want to pursue. The nature that drives Wild Tiger to protect people is commendable, but its not universal. If being a hero also means you have to keep everything a secret from the people you're close with, is it always worth the trade in the end? Reading both volumes one and two in close succession meant that I still had a fairly clear memory. Mr. Maverick is introduced as the CEO of Apollon Media in the first volume, which is not so coincidentally where Barnaby works after being approved by the Justice Bureau. One of the first characters, who I never suspected had any significance to the plot, Barnaby saves is revealed to be Kotetsu's daughter. It looks like Kaede doesn't know about her father's double life, but she has definitely become enamored with his new partner. It's cute, but at the same time it's a little sad to see that she's so unimpressed with Wild Tiger. I wonder what she thinks her father is doing away from home then?
Happy Birthday, Barnaby
The highlight of the second volume is the culmination of Barnaby's "surprise" party. Though Barnaby seems like he has no interest in celebrating, Kotetsu rounds up almost all our heroes to take part in a capture the evil thieves that are actually our kinda friends oh hey happy birthday bunny game. What starts out with good intentions leads our team into the middle of a heist. Stopping the theft takes us right to the end of the volume, and it's unfortunate that I don't have volume three because I really enjoyed the story so far.
|Rating Report
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|4 star rating
|3.38 stars


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I bought my laptop handle for my work machine. Use it constantly to carry my laptop between meetings and my desk. What a very simple but useful little handle this is! My coworkers were all asking where they could get one! Cool-Cool
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This year's WA Awards for Chinese Architecture announced its winners recently. OPEN's work Stepped Courtyards won the first prize of WA Housing Award; Beijing No.4 High School Fangshan Campus was shortlisted for WA City Regeneration Award; Meanwhile, Studio-X Beijing was shortlisted for WA Achievement Award.
This project is the staff dormitory for NetDragon Websoft's new campus. Not far from the ocean, the open site is virtually a tabula rasa, with neither much context nor fixed physical boundaries.
This project is an experiment in achieving maximum space and flexibility with minimal resources.
Situated in the center of a new town just outside Beijing's southwest fifth ring road, this new public school on 4.5 hectares of land is designed as the branch campus for the renowned Beijing No.4 High School.