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2938 Hawks Pointe Drive Fullerton, CA 92833
Hi, Charles Roe.
My name is
and I have a question about 2938 Hawks Pointe Drive Fullerton
You can respond by either emailing me at
or call during
My Question Is:
Estimated Monthly Payment$5,051
- Photos
- Location
- Questions
- Share
- Mortgage Calculator
- Status: Active
Listing courtesy of Realty One Group, Inc
Gorgeous bright peaceful happy home up on Cardinal Crest hill on the view side! In guard-gated Hawks Pointe community with trails throughout to enjoy the scenery and views. **Premium location: No house on 1 side for more privacy, abundance of natural light, and fresh open air!** Professionally landscaped front, back and side yards including a variety of bushes, flowers and trees! 2nd patio on side of house. Balcony off the master bedroom to appreciate the serenity and nature. Hear distant sounds of birds chirping! Watch butterflies! Beautiful open interior with wood and marble flooring, premium carpeting, granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, recessed lighting with dimmer, stunning crown molding, attractive plantation shutters looking out to the garden and trees, and French doors. Kitchen with large island, 5 burner stove, trash compactor, and double/convection oven(s). Large master bathroom with generous-sized soaking tub and separate shower! All glass-enclosed showers. Lovely Garden Room/Office with its own French Door entry! High ceiling entrance with spectacular crystal chandelier! Downstairs bedroom and full bathroom. Upstairs bonus room with full bathroom - can be converted to 5th bedroom. Garage has extra storage space and closets; extra parking space in driveway. Over $100,000 in improvements and upgrades. Community playground, park with BBQs, benches, and hiking trails. No mello-roos. Your rare chance to get a wonderful end house on the street!, Directions Going north on Beach Blvd from the 5 or 91 freeways, it will be on the right, after Rosecrans Blvd, before Hillsborough. Just south of Westridge homes.
Interior Features Include:
Balcony, Built-Ins, Ceiling Fan, Crown Moldings, Granite Counters, High Ceilings (9 Feet+), Open Floor Plan, Recessed Lighting, Storage Space
Fireplace Description Family Room, Living Room
Family Room Y
Rooms Bonus Room, Family Room, Living Room, Main Floor Bedroom, Office, Walk-In Closet
Window Cov: Blinds, Plantation Shutters
Source Central Furnace
Floor Type: Wood
Exterior Features Include:
Acreage: 0.2000 Acres
Description Back Yard, Front Yard, Garden, Landscaped, Patio Home, Sprinkler System, Sprinklers Timer
View Trees/Woods
Square Feet 8629
Garage/Parking: Direct Garage Access, Garage - Two Door, Parking Space
Parking Direct Garage Access, Garage - Two Door, Parking Space
Garage Capacity: 2
Other Features Include:
Subdivision: Cardinal Crest (CARD)
Gated Community Y
Water: Public
Sewer: Unknown
Pool: None
Cell: (949) 370-1311
Work: (949) 370-1311
Fax: (949) 495-2319
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The information being provided by CARETS (CLAW, CRMLS, DAMLS, CRMLS, i-Tech MLS, and/or VCRDS) is for the visitor's personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties visitor may be interested in purchasing.
Any information relating to a property referenced on this web site comes from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program of CARETS. This web site may reference real estate listing(s) held by a brokerage firm other than the broker and/or agent who owns this web site.
The accuracy of all information, regardless of source, including but not limited to square footages and lot sizes, is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be personally verified through personal inspection by and/or with the appropriate professionals. The data contained herein is copyrighted by CARETS, CLAW, CRISNet MLS, DAMLS, CRMLS, i-Tech MLS and/or VCRDS and is protected by all applicable copyright laws. Any dissemination of this information is in violation of copyright laws and is strictly prohibited.
CARETS, California Real Estate Technology Services, is a consolidated MLS property listing data feed comprised of CLAW (Combined LA/Westside MLS), CRISNet MLS (Southland Regional AOR), DAMLS (Desert Area MLS), CRMLS (California Regional MLS), i-Tech MLS (Glendale AOR/Pasadena Foothills AOR) and VCRDS (Ventura County Regional Data Share).
"Some Information may be provided by CRMLS, all rights reserved. Content is for the user's personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any other purpose. Content is deemed accurate but not guaranteed."


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Whether you're on a ski trip, a cruise, at the beach or filming your kid's baseball game, there is one prominent button on your video camera that you're going to want to press and should avoid: the zoom control. Avoid it like the plague.
"But I need to get in real close," you say? Yes, except no one can hold the camera steady when zoomed in tight on those surfers ripping it out in the waves. Your viewers will become as seasick as I got whenever I tried surfing.
Look at a video you previously shot, or record a new one as a test. You'll see. Zooming is guaranteed to kill your video. With practice one can hold steady when slightly zoomed in. After 25 years working as a cinematographer, careful body positioning and Zen breathing (see my February 17 post, "Hold Steady"), I can hold the camera zoomed in about 30%. Nevertheless, I try to avoid it.
As I describe in my book Ready, Steady, Shoot: The Guide to Great Home Video, always shoot at full wide angle. Many video and still cameras have what's called "steady shot." It's a very cool compensation tool that smoothes out bumps and jitters. Some even have two levels of compensation. I leave mine engaged most of the time at the less extreme level.
When your camera is moving around a lot you'll see vignetting, black intrusions in the corners of the frame, especially in the stronger mode. To me that's very distracting. And, no matter how good the steady shot works, it won't get you a smooth handheld shot zoomed into the top of the volcano from a mile away. In those extreme situations there's only one solution: use a tripod. As I said in my holding steady post, if you're into shooting beautiful vistas, a tripod is crucial.
There is a simple solution to the zooming issue that will help in most circumstances: move closer to your subject. Let's say you're in Havana and spot a beautifully restored car across the street. Don't zoom in and grab a shot from where you're standing. Cross the street, get close, don't be lazy. You'll capture a much better shot which will make a stronger impression on your audience.
Remember, for pros shooting is fun, but it's also work. I'm always pushing myself: "How can I make this shot look special, not just make a record of something I happened past?" Is it the chrome grill or beautiful fender lines that speak to you? Walk around the subject to find exactly the right angles. How do you want to remember it? The people you show your vacation video to won't have the advantage of looking at the whole car; they'll only see what you show them.
Too often people say, "It looked really great" to compensate for a shot that falls short of what they originally saw. The purpose of making movies, whether they are Hollywood blockbusters or home videos, is to capture the attention of the audience. That's not going to happen if viewers can barely see the car because it's bouncing around in the frame.
There may be times when you wish to get a an even tighter shot when you can't get actually get closer physically. If you're sitting at an outdoor café, for example, and want to get a close up of a beautiful dish that's just been served, don't zoom. Extend your arms so the camera moves closer to the dish, create a nice frame and hit the record button. You could also begin shooting wide, a shot of your friends enjoying the place, let's say. After five or six seconds recording them, tilt down towards the plate and extend your arms slowly while recording. It's called "pushing in."
Perhaps you're filming street musicians in New Orleans. You've framed a shot of the whole band -- the drummer, bass player, guitarist and singer -- full wide, of course. Naturally, you want to capture a close up of the singer really getting into it. The tendency is to stay where you are and zoom. But don't, please. And, in order to avoid chopping up the song, you don't want to cut either.
While continuing to record, slowly walk in closer until you've framed a nice shot of the singer. The lens is still set to full wide angle but your shot is intimate. Hold and then slowly move to another player and so on. If you had zoomed to that same tight shot, the frame would have been moving every which way in playback. The emotion would be lost, along with your audience.
With some practice and care, you can shoot great home video. I hope my book helps. Happy shooting!

subset: commoncrawl


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We have utilized data based upon the Energy Details Administration (EIA), which publishes cost information weekly on residence heating oil in 38 states by dollar-per-gallon gross. Unlike natural gas and electricity, residence heating oil is provided by independent merchants.
Aleppo's Best Heating Oil Prices
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We additionally use the choice for consumers to set up On-Demand deliveries. For many years the big oil companies have actually been loading customers with grand concepts of the terrific full service company. What does that imply? Is their oil special? Does it melt better? The response to those inquiries is NO! In fact, every oil company gets their fuel from the very same hand packed with terminals. That's right when we fill our trailers up with home heating oil our rivals are in line right behind us. It's all the same oil! Why are you paying so much a lot more for your delivery of residence heating oil? Why line their pockets with your cash? Using our network of suppliers you could conserve as much as $100 per delivery! The average home could conserve as long as $500 each heating season! No longer have to you be locked into a home heating oil agreement: with us, you merely call us when you require us. We will schedule your delivery promptly for our next available time slot. We have excellent quality price cut home heating oil rates PA direct from neighborhood certified and also insured oil business in Pennsylvania We offer home heating oil firms with discount home heating oil/ gas oil in Greene County Heating Oil Available for Immediate Delivery.
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C.O.D. Fuel Oil Delivery to 15310
Just what is in residence heating oil? Home heating oil is a reduced thickness, liquid oil item made use of as a gas oil for heaters or boilers in structures. Residence heating oil is often shortened as HHO. The majority of heating oil items are chemically really similar to gasoline utilized as electric motor fuel. Can you blend kerosene and home heating oil? What you may unknown is that gasoline is the same as heating oil and also kerosene is almost the exact same. Both diesel fuel and kerosene could be used in your oil burner without making any type of modifications to your burner. They will burn equally as well and probably far better compared to home heating oil. Exactly what is the distinction between kerosene and also home heating oil? Just what is the difference between Kerosene and also Home Heating Fuel. Petroleum is improved into numerous oils such as house heating oil as well as kerosene. Heating oil is gasoline. It is colored red to show that it is illegal to shed in a diesel lorry due to the fact that the red color shows that there were no road taxes paid with it
Greene County Home Heating Oil Prices & Online Ordering
There are many reasons picking oil to heat your house is a much better decision than transforming to another fuel source. Nevertheless, we also understand that when making that selection you have options, like heating oil vs. gas. Before making this important decision it pays to figure out the facts from the fiction regarding both gas sources. Home heating oil products abound. Around the world, oil and petroleum gets stay greater than ever before. Also if there is a shortage elsewhere, the United States is not dependent on imports or any kind of one resource for supply, with 727 million barrels in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and about 2 million barrels in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve alone.1 And, renewable biofuel alternatives are including in a currently significant as well as lasting supply. We never run out of oil and our automatic delivery solution ensures that you won't either. With natural gas usage growing, there are worries that domestic production will certainly not be able to equal need. Considering that gas isn't really sustainable as well as a lot of the globe's natural gas gets are outside the US, counting on imports is an actual possibility in the future. Aleppo, PA is located in Greene County and consists of the following zip code(s): 15310 15341 15352 15380. Aleppo has a population of 498 and 190 households.


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RALEIGH --Police say a Cary man was caught taking a photo of a young boy in the bathroom at Adventure Landing entertainment center Friday.
John Courtney, 46, of Old Bridge Lane, is charged with indecent liberties with a child and secret peeping.
Courtney was free on bail.
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Donate To This Important Cause
Donations of unused kitchen utensils (i.e. soup pots, cutting boards, mixing bowls, etc.) are a great help in sustaining the operations of Ladles of Love. Equipment donations can be dropped off at the East Valley JCC.
Donations of funds are helpful in sustaining operation of our program. Please send a check to the Bureau of Jewish Education. Please write "Ladles of Love" in the memo section. Please contact the Bureau at the phone number below for a donation receipt.
Bureau of Jewish Education
12701 N. Scottsdale Road #206
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
(480) 481-1740


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On 9 January 2014, Rochè Schoeman and his support team left George heading for the source of the Orange River with one goal in mind. To swim from the source of the Orange river all the way to the sea only with the aid of his riverboard. With no support team after his departure on 12 January he took on the rough waters and mountains of Lesotho starting at over 3000m above sea level!
Swimming most days from around 9 in the morning till sundown Rochè has to carry all his food, gear and clothing with him, all in a small backpack on his back. Each item of gear has been carefully selected over the past year to make sure its the lightest and most durable item and that it will not fail him on his trip. Rochè who has been working the past few years as a freelance paramedic for ER24 and who has been a guide on the Orange river and all over the world his entire life, felt like he needed to do something bigger and better than he has ever done before and something that nobody else has done before.
He has now done about 1050km and is currently in Vanderkloof after swimming the last 7 days from the upper part of the Vanderkloof dam to the dam wall. This, shortly after having swam about 10 days across the Gariep dam. After having a chat to him one can see he is having the time of his life and how he appreciates every second of his trip despite constant thunderstorms and a buffalo paying him a visit at 3am in the morning by waking him up and staring him in the face about 5 meters from his tent while camping at the Gariep Dam! A person really starts to realize how grateful you should be when you spend 2 months with only a few items with you and nobody near you to help you should you get injured. Any town he needed to visit for food meant hiking all the way to the town.
Currently the goal is to reach the sea by the end of May which would not only make it the first full descent by a single person swimming from the source to the sea on the Orange river but also the fastest trip of similar conditions.
As part of this adventure Rochè is also raising funds for a school very close to his heart. Based in George, Up With Down's which was established in 1998 with 4 children and one teacher is a school aimed in aiding down syndrome children. There are now over 30 children in the school and they also aim to open an adult home to help the children once they leave school. For more info about Up With Down's or to help them in any way possible please visit their website!
Rochè has a great support team which is helping him make this trip possible. Kempston Motors in George as the official sponsor has provided a Isuzu double cab as well as a Chevrolet Trailblazer for transport to and from George and between the rest points on the trip and has followed and supported the whole trip, also meeting Rochè this weekend at the Vanderkloof Dam at Rhino Manor Lodge.
The riverboard has been supplied by Fluid Kayaks in George and after having problems with the first board (after a few hundred kilometers of constant use in rough waters and hiking) they quickly sorted it out and replaced the board for him. Aquabionics helped to import some of the most advanced flippers all the way from Canada for this trip to help a bit when the flow of the river is getting a bit too slow. Other sponsors which also helped was Sportcenter, Cape Union Mart, Spar and Digifusion all based in George.
Rochè will be resting in Vanderkloof and is planning to depart again from the Vanderkloof dam wall on Monday, 10 March 2014.
We will keep you posted on this website of his progress but you can also follow him on Facebook by visiting the project's page: www.facebook.com/BIGGERthanUsProject
Also watch this space for a lot more photos and some videos taken during his trip, all coming soon!


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Last week, the National Health Council held its 2018 Health Leadership Conference in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. This is a membership organization that includes over 100 national health-related organizations such as voluntary health agencies, nonprofits with an interest in health, professional associations, as well as businesses involved in health care products and/or services that collectively "work for health care that meets the personal needs and goals of people with chronic diseases and disabilities." This annual gathering included CEOs as well as other senior executives from these organizations.
BBB Wise Giving Alliance's Chief Operating Officer, Bennett Weiner, participated in a panel that discussed how charity evaluators address the issue of measuring impact. In his remarks, he noted that as a standards-based charity evaluator, BBB WGA focuses on a variety of issues in the comprehensive BBB Standards for Charity Accountability. Since 2003, however, two of these standards (Standards 6 and 7), specifically address issues related to results reporting (also called effectiveness or impact assessments) that note it is essential for organizations to regularly make time to assess their past performance and define their future goals and actions. Standard 6 calls for the board to have a policy of completing such assessments every two years. Standard 7 seeks to ensure the charity governing board is provided with a written report on this assessment (i.e., how well it is addressing its mission.)
These standards do not require charities to conduct expensive long-term or longitudinal studies, but can be achieved by much more modest means. As an example see the Charting Impact 5-question results-reporting format recommended in the 2011 collaborative project that BBB WGA had with Independent Sector and GuideStar.
In his concluding remarks, Bennett recognized that while information on a charity's impact can serve as a helpful supplement for donors and other stakeholders to consider, such information, by its nature, will always be historical, looking backward. To help charities engage in more forward-thinking efforts, BBB WGA encourages organizations to seek out collaborations with others that share their mission interests and find ways to accomplish more together than they could have achieved by working separately. For more information on collaboration, visit our January 10th blog or review the Advancing Collaboration page on our website: http://www.give.org/advancingcollaboration/
Video of the Week
As part of our Building Trust Video Series, we are pleased to provide a video featuring Linda Webb, Executive Director, Ally's House (a BBB Accredited Charity) that provides financial assistance to the families of Oklahoma pediatric cancer patients. The financial assistance covers expenses such as medical costs, housing, transportation to and from treatment, and household utilities. It also sponsors a summer camp for patients between the ages of 9-17.
Recent Reports
We are always working with charities to publish or update reports for donors. Visit Give.org or local BBBs to check out any charity before giving. Our recently evaluated charities include:
Finally, remember to let us know by going to https://www.give.org/ask-us-about-a-charity1/ if you are interested in seeing a report on a charity not on the list and we will do our best to produce one.
H. Art Taylor, President & CEO
BBB Wise Giving Alliance


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As a young girl, I loved the act of writing. I loved the beauty of writing and it allowed me to be creative when composing a story or poem. Even now, I still write my thoughts or the first draft of a new story using the old fashioned pen and paper.
Creative people come in all shapes and sizes. So it's no surprise that their creative output can be different too. Creative Corner is a space to share my personal thoughts on anything creative. It is also an opportunity to share (and encourage) someone else's creativity. Enjoy!


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Am confused. Did not LM made 2 distinct studies /proposals toward prolongation of F16 operational life ,and now it is said to be impossible ..!. Interesting give great confidence dealing with LM.
Aree. SLEP is more or less impossible on A/B afaik. In a dreamland, competition would continue. With elections comin in about 1 year, i'm doubtful.
Am confused. Did not LM made 2 distinct studies /proposals toward prolongation of F16 operational life ,and now it is said to be impossible ..!. Interesting give great confidence dealing with LM.
That was about Block 40/50 aircraft.
Block 15 is another matter. Might be possible, but is Belgium willing to pay for a Block 15 SLEP on its own, with unknown outcome?
How can less be more? It's impossible. More is more.
Yngwie Malmsteen
There is also the problem of data survey that was not implemented early on.
The french government raises its offer of "broader partnership" to Belgium for the renewal of its fighter jets, a market of 34 aircraft, estimated at this point to some 3.6 billion euros. A delegation of the office of Florence Parly, the French Minister of the armed forces, made clear, detailed, and amplified, Tuesday, May 15, its offer to the Belgian defence to replace its current American F-16.Auto-translated from:The project stresses the need to take into account the development of the Europe of defence, within the framework of the future combat system, a Franco-German project placed under the leadership of Paris but which could be extended to the Belgium.
I am not sure if I understand this -- they are suggesting Belgium should buy Rafale and then join the development of the new French/German 5. gen fighter!?
AFAIK the new French/German fighter should be introduced around 2035 or so -- if this is correct, and if Belgium start introducing their new fighters around 2025, there is just a 10-year gap.
A more attractive deal would have been if France suggested leasing 34 Rafale to Belgium from 2025 to 2035, followed by introduction of the new 5. gen fighter from 2035 or so. France will in any case fly their Rafale for a long time to come.
I am not sure that there is that many Rafale to rent.
Parly is ridding a Mirage (but at least that's something).
About the meeting b/w the two MoD (Be/Fr):
"on n'a rien entendu de nouveau par rapport à la lettre reçue (de Mme Parly, ndlr) le 6 septembre 2017. Il n'y a rien de plus concret", a expliqué la porte-parole du ministre belge de la Défense, Steven Vandeput, Laurence Mortier.
"We did not hear anything new in relation to the letter received (from Mrs. Parly, ed) on September 6, 2017.*" There is nothing more to substantiate [the offer], "said spokeswoman for Belgian Defense Minister Steven Vandeput, Laurence Mortier.
*devoid of any substance already
Last edited by TomcatViP; 16th May 2018 at 13:14.
Honestly Frnce should just GIVE these planes to Belgium so as to break the de facto incoming monopoly of F-35
Who pays for that?
France would have to change their plans for their Rafale squadrons of course to accomodate this.I am not sure that there is that many Rafale to rent.
. Already done. Think we would need to wait for a big order from India (an dsubsequently and indian production chain)France would have to change their plans for their Rafale squadrons of course to accomodate this.
From LM and the Belgian partnering industry in Wallonia*:
*French speaking southern region of Belgium
Last edited by TomcatViP; 17th May 2018 at 15:30.
Frankly... Not the strong point of US offer... Hilariously their main partner is SABCA (a Dasault subsidiary)From LM and the Belgian partnering industry in Wallonia*:
This morining there was a quick "summit" between french and belgium. Mainly about terrorism, but...
Can't find the story now but it reported that French govt was still pushing Belgium to buy Rafale. Don't recall all the reasons but the French govt representative apparently has a low opinion of Typhoon (as if Belgium would ever order it with political alignments/common sense dictating F-35 which allows closer liaison/commonality savings with Netherlands air force also being a user. Possibly almost the last attempt by France to sell a product to Belgium that was not even offered as part of the re-equipment programme competition?
By the way it was also reported that the F-16 replacement choice might be announced at a July 11 NATO gathering.
Another F-35 order coming up, I feel.
Sum ergo cogito
And lose about 20 billions of offsets? And dassault disegaging from SABCA? MAybe... This file has become far too political for me to predict anything.
Nah, we'll just buy a lot of chocolate, beer, and cheeselose about 20 billions of offsets
Last edited by SpudmanWP; 12th June 2018 at 21:07.
"The early bird gets the worm but the second mouse gets the cheese."
ROFL!!Nah, we'll just buy a lot of chocolate & beer
you definitely have a great argument there
Would the Belgian govt be interested in the opinion of a member of the opposition?A report from the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) has made important recommendations about the F-35 to Congress and the Pentagon.
The GAO draws attention to the significant deficiencies that the F-35 fighter continues to have, and to the budgetary cost of correcting them. Belgium's CDH opposition party considers that these are serious warnings against one of the two candidates vying to replace the Belgian Air Force's F-16s, and Georges Dallemagne, a CDH member of Parliament, has asked the government to think twice before closing the door to the European offer.
If Belgium does order F-35, will the country then have to contribute financially to fixing the bits that do not yet work/are not going to be there until the mid-2020's?
Sum ergo cogito
Afterall, part of the greek offsets for M2K were... Olive oil...You'd better Never tell me again I am not supporting the Fr Industry. Never!
*by the way, cheese...really?
No, since the contract is for full support till 2030, IIRC.If Belgium does order F-35, will the country then have to contribute financially to fixing the bits that do not yet work/are not going to be there until the mid-2020's?
"The early bird gets the worm but the second mouse gets the cheese."
(Foreign trade minister of Belgium speaking about the F-16 replacement program)L'argument géographique ne compte pas. Ainsi, le fait d'"être un bon Européen" ne suffit pas".
The geographical alibi does not count. Thus, "being a good European" is not enough.
Belgium first minister just declared that NATO submit was not a limit... Tha belgium would take its time.
from what ive seen on last nights news, the deadline would now be mid-october, and that the French Rafale offering would be examined.
yes. 14th of october is deadline for F-35 offer. When are elections?
So... The check cleared the bank I see.
"The early bird gets the worm but the second mouse gets the cheese."
In all seriousness, I would think this gives legal grounds for Eurofighter and L-M to contest any decision on the Rafale. They Âbackdoor-ed their way in without an official submission into process. This paves the way for a mess.
Absolutely not, this is stated in the RFPG. The RFPG do not engage Belgium governement in any matter.In all seriousness, I would think this gives legal grounds for Eurofighter and L-M to contest any decision on the Rafale.
Obviously, let's compete for the Fun of it... M'enfin!
Meanwhile, in another "good European" country not far far away…
Source:Under a deal struck with the Italian government, the remaining 29 Dutch [F-35] will all be assembled at Cameri, which is owned by the Italian government and operated by Italian state-controled defense firm Leonardo in partnership with Lockheed Martin.
Last edited by TomcatViP; 18th June 2018 at 22:41.
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Present: Karen, Peggy, Doug, Ed
Ning site donations and support
''Doug wil do notes of this meeting"
Donations page revisions
World open space calls:
Additional members for Board
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Next meeting
OpenSpaceWorld.ORG is funded by contributions, maintained by MichaelHerman, and open to ALL friends and practitioners. If you'd like to add to the read-only pages here, email firstname.lastname@example.com and say something about who you are and what you'd like to post. Then we'll tell you how!


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IGN Movie Reviews – Spoken Edition
About This Show
Reviews for the hottest movies of the year from IGN. A SpokenEdition transforms written content into human-read audio you can listen to anywhere. It's perfect for times when you can't read - while driving, at the gym, doing chores, etc. Find more at www.spokenedition.com.Read more »


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President Barack Obama's announcement that he supports gay marriage is a heartening development in the campaign for equality, and it is commendable that he made his view public before the November election rather than afterward. But he needs to do more. Gay marriage won't be the central issue in his campaign against Republican Mitt Romney — the economy remains the foremost issue for voters — but the president needs to continue speaking out about the topic nonetheless. Voters in Washington, Maine and, most likely, Maryland will be voting on the issue this fall, and the president has the opportunity to play a meaningful role in those decisions, particularly here. If the president believes allowing marriage equality is a matter of fundamental justice, it is his duty as the nation's top elected official to do what he can to advance the cause.
Mr. Obama has long supported civil unions as an alternative to same-sex marriage, and he told ABC News in an interview today that his reluctance to support full marriage rights had been rooted in an understanding that "for a lot of people, the word 'marriage' evokes very powerful traditions, religious beliefs." However, he said that he has come to believe civil unions are not sufficient recognition for the committed, loving, monogamous relationships of those gay couples he sees in his personal and professional life.


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Factorization MOD for Minecraft PE
Factorization MOD: The Factorization Mod adds all the technical and skill based quests in the game. It allows you to mess around with pipes, to create more power, which can be used to make quarry's and more! Download this mod if you're into technical and something you really have to think to create. The opportunities are endless!
Installation instructions:
• Download the zip containing the modification and textures.
• Remove it with your file explorer / manager (I recommend ES File Explorer).
• Install textures in BlockLauncher.
• import the local storage of the script in BlockLauncher and enable it.
Download Factorization Mod MCPE:
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Download The MOD For Minecraft PE Now!


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Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh was in news recently due to some unfortunate circumstances and incidents. Four farmers have committed suicide and more than 10 have tried to attempt the same here. Crop destruction caused by cold wave is the reason behind such unfortunate incidents.
Damoh, known as the city of grace and affection, lies in the heart of India. We can find it at the centre of India if we trace it in a map. I got the opportunity to visit Damoh few days back. Far from the hectic life of metro cities, Damoh is a sleepy and peaceful place. A wonderful kind of silence can be found in the urban as well as rural areas of Damoh.
However, backwardness and deficiency have their own stories to tell. All the roads which lead to Damoh are in a very bad shape. There is only one big cement factory at Narsinghgarh in the name of industry. It was built in the 1970s by the Birlas. Unemployment is a big problem here. People regularly migrate to big cities in search of jobs.
Tribal people comprise an important part of Damoh's demographic set-up. They mainly live in jungles and remote areas of the city. They mostly depend on natural resources, while the rest of the population depends on agriculture for livelihood.
I was mesmerized by the lavish, green paddy, pulses, vegetable fields and jungles during my visit. But unfortunately, the same fields and jungles are sending across horrible news these days. Crops are getting destroyed due to intense cold and frost. Farmers are helpless; no one is there to help them financially or even sympathize with them. Four farmers have committed suicide under these circumstances. Over 10 other farmers or their family members attempted the same. Such horrible news is commonplace.
Damoh is part of the Bundelkhand region. No one knows what happened to the much hyped Bundelkhand package? Where was the money and aid distributed? Three ministers including the state Agriculture Minister represent Damoh in the state government. The highest number of such incidents happened in Pathriya constituency of Ramkrishna Kusumariya, the Agriculture Minister in the Madhya Pradesh government. "All such incidents take place because God is angry," said Kusumariya. Why and what kind of enmity does God have with these helpless, innocent, honest and laborious farmers? At least I cannot understand. Anyways, the minister is doing something in the name of help, aid and grant. He is organizing "Ram Katha" at various places of Damoh.
As Opposition, Congress is very weak in the state. The party has won just one or two seats in the assembly elections and has never won any Lok Sabha election here in the past 20 years. The party mainly suffers from groupism. BJP's strategies are also responsible for the weakness of Opposition.
Under these circumstances, it appears nobody is concerned about or cares for the farmers. Unfortunately, our policy-makers have failed to realize the cost of farmers' sweat in the past 60 years. I can only pray for them, but the government must take some action urgently.
However, not everything about Damoh is negative. For example, Mahatma Gandhi came to Damoh in 1933 and laid the foundation stone of a gurudwara between Harijan and Muslim colonies. The Sikh community is taking care of gurudwara very well. Famous Kundalpur Jain temple, Bandakpur Shiv temple and historical temple of Nohta on the Jabalpur- Damoh highway (which is in a very bad shape and has been under-construction for the last 8 years) are important destinations in the city. There is a lot of potential for tourism here.
Let's talk about my friend in the last part of this piece. He is Ratnesh Soloman, a Christian and a Congress MLA. There are total of only five votes from the Christian community in his Jabera Assembly constituency. Soloman has been contesting elections since 1980. He had won the election on a Congress ticket during the saffron wave of Uma Bharti and Shivraj Singh Chouhan. I think Soloman's example shows how sometimes our constitutional institution works despite various negatives like caste and community in electoral politics.
The education industry is also flourishing in Damoh. Education business here is mainly controlled by people who have a say in the government or can influence the government machinery. What they now need to do is to establish employment-oriented industries here and bring opportunity to those who need it most.
Damoh – the centre of India
Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh was in news recently due to some unfortunate circumstances and incidents. Four farmers have committed suicide and more than 10 have tried to attempt the same here. Crop destruction caused by cold wave is the reason behind such unfortunate incidents.


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Fashion Designer Brands in the Digital Age
Lian Liu
In order to remain competitive and relevant in the new digital age, fashion brands must use social media applications strategically, understanding them as environments, targeting customers by regularly posting valuable information; employing intimate narratives and utilizing direct communication.
The landscape of social media has led to incredible fashion innovation, changing the way fashion designer brands communicate, and reinventing the way people discover and consume content. After reviewing the collected data for this study, it is evident that fashion designer brands should continue to integrate various content types and utilize multiple social media channels strategically to optimize and deliver their message to their audience.


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Pickup Truck Crates - A New Storage Alternative
Whether you use your truck for business or recreation, Quick-Crate's pickup truck crates offer a new storage alternative. Using our Reusable Quick-Crate system, our pick up truck storage crates are a durable, convenient, and easy-to-use solution for all of your pickup truck crate needs.
Quick-Crate pickup truck crates offer a variety of advantages including:
We can provide flexibility with custom sizes available to fit all makes/models to serve all truck or SUV storage needs. Please fill out our Custom Quote form and we will provide you with a customized quote based on your specifications.
Please contact us today about ordering our Pickup Truck Quick-Crate® storage systems or any other Quick-Crate® systems for your office or business.


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AWS services or capabilities described in AWS Documentation may vary by region/location. Click Getting Started with Amazon AWS to see specific differences applicable to the China (Beijing) Region.
Initiates the asynchronous execution of the CreateLayer operation.
This is an asynchronous operation using the standard naming convention for .NET 4.5 or higher. For .NET 3.5 the operation is implemented as a pair of methods using the standard naming convention of BeginCreateLayer and EndCreateLayer.
Namespace: Amazon.OpsWorks
Assembly: AWSSDK.OpsWorks.dll
Version: 3.x.y.z
public virtual Task<CreateLayerResponse> CreateLayerAsync( CreateLayerRequest request, CancellationToken cancellationToken )
Container for the necessary parameters to execute the CreateLayer operation.
A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive notice of cancellation.
.NET Standard:
Supported in: 1.3
.NET Framework:
Supported in: 4.5
Portable Class Library:
Supported in: Windows Store Apps
Supported in: Windows Phone 8.1
Supported in: Xamarin Android
Supported in: Xamarin iOS (Unified)
Supported in: Xamarin.Forms


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If space is what you desire, then this home is made for you. This two or three bedroom, three and a half bath home features a grand size master suite as well as second bedroom with private bath. Expansive living and dining room areas adjoin eat in kitchen with sliders to deck. A second level features magnificent loft with additional bedroom and bath, plus ample storage room which can further accommodate finished space to suit your needs.
Standard features include two car attached garages, full basements, composite decks, fire suppression systems throughout, granite/marble counters, stainless steel appliance packages and more.
Additional sites may be available for The Winfield. For details and pricing, contact Sales.
Images of homes are solely for illustrative purposes and should not be relied upon. Images may not accurately represent the actual condition of a home as constructed, and may contain options which are not standard on all homes.
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Staff Details
Fabrizio Perri
Monetary Advisor
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Download CV (pdf)
Go to Fabrizio's comprehensive research profile.
Recent Minneapolis Fed Work
Exchange Rate Policies at the Zero Lower Bound
October 2017 - Working Paper
Wealth and Volatility
September 2017 - Staff Report
Forthcoming In: Review of Economic Studies (January 2018)
Capital Requirements and Bailouts
August 2017 - Staff Report
On the Distribution of the Welfare Losses of Large Recessions
July 2016 - Staff Report
Macroeconomics and Household Heterogeneity
June 2016 - Staff Report
Published In: Handbook of Macroeconomics (Volume 2, Chapter 11, 2016, pp. 843-921)
Address:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
90 Hennepin Avenue
Minneapolis, MN 55401


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City life can be hard. Going to work, coming back, the tube, the bus, the tube, the tube. You can sometimes feel like a rat in a cage surrounded by a concrete jungle. Well cheer up, national walking month is fast approaching and what better way to celebrate it than (almost) escaping from the maddened crowds, and going on gorgeous country style walks right here in London.
Words: Isabella Sullivan Subeditor: Shannon Cowley
No you don't have to be a middle aged dog owner or countryside married couple to enjoy a crisp nature filled ramble. Move over Hampstead Heath, we bring you the four best mind clearing and peace inducing walks in the bustling capital. You'll think you're in the Gloucestershire countryside, when you're actually in zone 2.
Zone: 2/3
Station: Highgate/ Crouch Hill
Known as the 'Northern Heights' Haringey's Parkland Walk stretches for over four miles and is London's longest local nature reserve. The path follows the course of the railway line that used to run between Finsbury Park and Alexandra Palace. You pass bridges, sculptures, eerie disused tunnels and cuttings of the line, whilst surrounded by natural beauty and a huge array of different plants, habitats and wildlife.
Apparently Muntjacs – a strange looking mini deer-like beastie – can even be seen on the walk. Its peace and eerie tranquillity will have you forgetting you're walking through North London in no time.
This super fascinating ramble is shrouded in urban legend, natural beauty and fascinating ruins. The walk and the legend of a ghostly 'goat-man' haunting it even provided the inspiration for Stephen King's short story 'Crouch End'. Go on walk it, we dare you.
Zone: 4
Station: Morden
Five minutes walk from Morden tube station is the breath taking serenity of Morden Hall park. There's no entry fee, its open all year, and it's 125 acres (so you won't find yourself bored). Built in the late 1770s, Morden Hall used to be a country estate, but now belongs to the National Trust. The River Wandle twists its way through the park, and is home to cormorants, herons, and around 100 other species of birds.
With quaint bridges, beautiful sky high trees and historic buildings you won't be short of things to explore. Morden Hall park is the perfect escape for the over worked Londoner, without venturing too far from home. And being National Trust, there's even a garden centre, shop and café.
3. Ham House From Richmond Walk
Zone: 4
Station: Richmond
Richmond is known for its natural beauty and naturistic walks, and this this gentle riverside stroll does not disappoint. If you're feeling like you haven't seen grass or a tree is forever than this if for you. The circular walk begins at Richmond Station and passes the main entrance to Ham House.
The views will make you forget your tiny flat and work woes with deer, beautiful landscapes and fresh clean air. The lavish and sprawling Ham House provides the perfect place for an end of walk treat, with a warm and inviting coffee shop and delicious cream tea. Go on, bring out your inner middle aged country dweller.
Zone: 2
Station: Peckham Rye/ Crystal Palace
I'm a sucker for a cemetery, you'll rarely find peace quite like it. This calming south London stroll goes from Nunhead cemetery to Crystal Palace. Linking green spaces from the Thames to Nunhead cemetery, this wildlife filled route goes through Sydenham Hill Woods, Horniman Gardens, Dulwich Park and Crystal Palace Park.
Steeped in heritage there's a creepy cemetery, railway track ruins and for the history fans, the ruins of the famous Crystal Palace exhibition all on the way. You'll pass everything from allotments and school playing fields through to ancient woodlands and the largest flood barrier in the world. Give this south London ramble a go this weekend.


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Johnny Depp & Amber Heard Pack on the PDA at 'Black Mass' Premiere!
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard pose for photos on the red carpet at the Black Mass premiere at the 2015 Toronto Film Festival on Monday (September 14) in New York City.
The couple were joined on the red carpet by his co-stars Dakota Johnson, Joel Edgerton, Peter Sarsgaard, Kevin Bacon, Julianne Nicholson, and Rory Cochrane, as well as director Scott Cooper and actress Morgan Saylor, actor Nick Robinson, singer Common, and director Rob Reiner.
Johnny and Amber packed on the PDA at the premiere and were seen kissing and holding each other — see the pics below!
Also pictured inside: Amber at a Tiffany & Co. cocktail party that same day.
FYI: Amber is wearing a Victoria Beckham dress.
25+ pictures inside of Amber Heard and Johnny Depp at his premiere…


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Choking can occur to anyone. It occurs when any foreign body gets stuck in the windpipe. It therefore blocks the flow of oxygen to the brain. When it comes to adults, the main reason for a person to get choked is due to food. For children, it can be because of swallowing any object and it can get very serious if first aid is not provided immediately.
There are various causes of choking like:-
Some of the common symptoms of choking are:-
If you notice a person is getting choked, you need to immediately stand behind the person. Make a fist with one hand and put the fist below the ribcage with the thumb pointing inwards. Now with the other hand, hold the fist and give four inward and upward thrusts. Do remember to keep your hands away from the ribcage.
This process has to be repeated till the object is out. You can apply the same first aid method for a child who is choking. Sometimes a person may also lose consciousness. Therefore you need to first sit on your knees beside the person and put the heel of one hand a little above the waistline. Now put your other hand above this one. Give about four inward and upward thrusts and repeat this process till the person spits out the object.
If an infant is choking, you need to put the infant on your raised knees with the infant's face facing downwards. Using the heel of your hand, give four blows and continue doing this till the object is out. If this fails, you need to turn the infant and then place two fingers below the line between the lines that connects the nipples.
You need to give four thrusts applying little pressure to bring the object out. Continue doing this if it is required.


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When you're looking for the best treatment for your hemorrhoids, you are probably going to go thru lots of the normal steps that others in your situation might go through. In other words, you'll see a doctor. The thing you have got to understand about doctors nonetheless , is that they are pretty much as swayed by public opinion and studies in magazines that we are. This suggests that when you finally gather the bravery to tell your physician you are suffering from hemorrhoids, he is maybe going to tell you what you already know.
To explain, he or she is going to tell you to go to the local drug store and spend a good sum on creams and ointments. What these products do is work on the surface of the difficulty. They're not going deeply enough. In other words, they do not actually look after the difficulty at the root. All they do is lead you to keep buying more of the same medicine.
If you are actually subjected to your hemorrhoid problem, then you can even hear about surgery.
If you're like most people, this surgery may actually feel like an exaggeration. You might ask : Surgery for haemorrhoids? Is this for real? The truth of the situation , however , is that if you are in enough pain, this surgery may appear extreme enough to do for you what the other hemorrhoid medication could not. Sadly, extreme doesn't always mean effective.
Here is the answer you've been waiting for. If you are looking for the perfect hemorrhoid medication that looks after the difficulty at the root, then you want to stay with an all natural natural cure. This is the type of cure that's really going to work on your whole bowels and not only rid you of haemorrhoids for good, but will also aid you with your indigestion and stomachache Problems. This is the only real way to really help yourself. You have to stop thinking in the near term and get thinking about the long.
For more information and useful tips on hemorrhoid laser you can search the internet using various search engines present.


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We are extremely excited to share with you The Wine Spectator's recent "Outstanding" review of Armanino Family Cellar's "The Whitewing" Pinot Noir. The Wine Spectator included Armanino Family Cellars in its April 1, 2009 article - "38 Outstanding Wines".
As excited as we were about last year's inaugural release of our wines, we are even more excited about the quality of this year's lineup of Armanino Family Cellars' wines that are aging gracefully in barrel. Because of the increased demand for our wines, we expect this year's release of wines to be fully allocated to members of our wine club, "The Family".
To ensure your allocation of our award winning, limited production wines, please "Join the Family".
Matt, Andy & Papa
© Copyright 2018 Armanino Family Cellars . All rights reserved.


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I do one of these posts every year (here is last year's), and since last year I have been on a mission to make the pooja less elaborate. The reasons are two-fold: firstly, I am tired a lot and the elaborate set ups, with fresh flowers, ghee and oil lamps, the separate idol for pooja, and more besides, take a LOT of effort; secondly, my heart has just not been in it since we lost Dad.
This year, mum and I decided to keep it small. "Small" though is a relative term. It turned out quite big, but after perusing last year's post, I see that at least it was smaller than that one.
I didn't have fresh flowers at all this time. No separate idol for pooja, and no paan leaf pooja either. I got rid of two of the oil lamps, and lit the candles only once a day. The entire process took half an hour less each in the morning and the evening, and honestly we didn't even notice that it was reduced. So success, I guess. Next time, might well be substantially smaller than this year.
Here's hoping. And a picture.


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Rotationally molded shipping containers with the Roto X pattern that stack securely for efficient transport and storage. Optional heavy-duty wheels for maximum mobility. Recessed, heavy-duty twist latches will accommodate a customer supplied padlock. Spring-loaded handles are also recessed for protection. Models available include Tool Cases, Foot Lockers, Square Cases and the Truck Pack container.
|RX Shipping Cases
|Interior Length:
|18.00 in (45.72 cm)
|Interior Width:
|14.00 in (35.56 cm)
|Interior Depth:
|12.00 in (30.48 cm)
|More Info


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A headstone is simply a stone that is used to mark a grave. But when the headstone
is for a loved one it is no longer a simple matter. If you are looking for the perfect headstone you might find it helpful
to read our article "How to buy a headstone?" If you live in the greater Philadelphia area (South Jersey) you are welcome
to stop by any of our Monuments of Distinction locations. We can help you. See also: More Headstone Pictures.
We have found that in this area the most popular
headstones are monuments (see our article called "What is a Monument?"), bevel markers, slant markers, and grass markers. Each has its proper place.
Be sure to ask your local headstone company's representative about your cemetery's regulations.
Click on an image below to see examples. Keep in mind that each of following can be fully customized
by us (if you are local) or by any reputable headstone dealer in your local area.
Slant Markers
Bevel Markers
Our Headstones | Our Monuments | Our Slant MarkersOur Grass Markers | Our Bevel Markers | Dog Headstone PicturesMore Gravestone Pictures
Copyright © MonumentsOfDistinction.com. All rights reserved.


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Courses in collaboration with the European School of Genetic Medicine (ESGM)
The European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) has developed a partnership with the European School of Genetic Medicine (ESGM), in order to promote advanced training in human-medical genetics and preventive medicine in Europe. The European School of Genetic Medicine organizes courses in the charming venues of Bertinoro (Italy). These courses began in 1988 with the first course in Medical Genetics of the European School of Genetic Medicine directed by Prof. Victor A. McKusick.For more information see: www.ceub.it
ESGM-ESHG Courses - 2018
Information and contact
Courses on Clinical Genomics &NGS and Genetic Counselling:
Roberta Partisani
Email: rpartisani(at)ceub.it
Tel: +39 0543 446500
Fax: +39 0543 446557
Spring Course on Hereditary Cancer Genetics:
Jessica Bazzoli
Email: jbazzoli(at)ceub.it
Tel: +39 0543 446567
Fax: +39 0543 446557


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SRP Learning Grant turns Valley 3rd-graders into 'budding scientists'
Juli Harpole's third-grade students at Weinberg Elementary School in the Chandler Unified School District have been growing tomatoes, peas, peppers and herbs. Using propagation stations in their recently set up greenhouse, they plant seeds under controlled conditions and then monitor them during the day.
"They water them, they turn the lights and warmers on and off, they're really just like mothers taking care of their little nursery," Harpole said. "None of this would have been possible without our partnership with SRP."
The partnership is a $5,000 grant, one of $125,000 in Learning Grants SRP gives to local schools each year.
Harpole said the grant has allowed her to buy materials for her classroom that would not otherwise have been possible. Most importantly, it has helped make learning interactive and fun for her students.
"Instead of buying seeds and using plastic cups to show a plant growing, I have been able to buy more age-appropriate reading materials with high-interest text and engaging photos, and pair that with this new greenhouse that has brought such excitement to learning about science," she said.
The class now has a decomposition viewer, which lets them see how different items break down over time and which items are recyclable. Wireless weather stations allow the young students to compare the temperature inside and outside, check humidity levels and see how that impacts the plants they grow. And then there are the new microscopes.
"We now have 9- and 10-year-old budding scientists using luxury items like microscopes," Harpole said with pride. "I could show them videos, but it's so much more interesting for them to see how a plant stem works, with the vessels opening and closing, taking moisture up and down.
Harpole said this kind of hands-on learning is invaluable for the students in the long run, as it piques their interest in science, math and related fields.
"I have students asking questions about where their food comes from, wanting to plant gardens at home and just be more curious about the world around them," she said, adding that she foresees the greenhouse project extending to other grade levels at Weinberg Elementary in the near future.
Harpole, who has also attended SRP's Powering Our Future teacher workshops for five years, added that she's grateful for the investment in education that companies like SRP make.
"In my entire teaching career, I've never had the opportunity to work with a company like SRP which devotes so much time and resources to teachers," she said.
Featured photo courtesy of Weinberg Elementary School


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Our love is like the wind. You can't see it, but you can feel it.
Blair: What if we need games? What if without them we're boring?Chuck: We can never be boring.Blair: You say that, but I know you. You're Chuck Bass.Chuck: I'm not Chuck Bass without you.�
So it's not gonna be easy. It's gonna be really hard. We're gonna have to work at this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, for ever, you and me, every day.
This is the day your dreams come true.


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Focus Volume 124 | 2016
Lasting Impact of an Ephemeral Organ: The Role of the Placenta in Fetal Programming
Background image: © Mix and Match/Shutterstock Photo
Lindsey Konkel is a New Jersey–based journalist who reports on science, health, and the environment.
Citation: Konkel L. 2016. Lasting impact of an ephemeral organ: the role of the placenta in fetal programming. Environ Health Perspect 124:A124–A129; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.124-A124
Published: 1 July 2016
PDF Version (949 KB)
During the winter of 1944–1945 a brutal cold snap and the World War II German occupation curtailed food shipments across the Netherlands. The Dutch plunged into severe famine, with adult food rations dwindling to just 400 calories a day in some areas. Babies conceived during the Dutch "Hunger Winter" were born shorter, thinner, and with smaller heads and placentas than babies born before or conceived afterward. Years later, the famine babies were more likely to suffer from obesity, diabetes, and heart disease than peers born in the years shortly after the famine. They tended to die younger.1
The Dutch famine provided early clues that environmental stressors encountered in the womb could determine disease risk in adulthood—a phenomenon known as fetal programming. Over the next several decades, evidence grew that a number of chronic conditions, including asthma, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders, might be traced back to environmental exposures in the womb.2 Experts have called this emerging paradigm "developmental origins of health and disease," or DOHaD.2,3
Fetal programming is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biomedical research.4 Yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have remained murky. Epigenetic alterations—changes that affect how genes are expressed but not the DNA itself—may underlie many of these processes. Researchers are now exploring DOHaD in relation to the structure, function, and epigenome of an often overlooked but essential organ—the placenta.
Since early times humans have surmised an important, if not mystical, role for the ephemeral organ that connects the fetus, via the umbilical cord, to the mother's blood supply and provides for the passage of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus from the mother. Ancient Egyptians revered the placenta as the "External Soul," while Hebrew Scriptures called it the "Bundle of Life." The ancient Greeks settled on a more physical description for the glistening crimson sac: They named it the "placenta," or "flat cake."5
Yet for millennia, the placenta remained one of the least understood human organs. Gross placental abnormalities were known to have immediate health consequences for mother and fetus, yet no one suspected that even a seemingly normal placenta could influence the lifelong health of the child beyond the prenatal period. "Until very recently, the placenta was thought of by the scientific community as this static plug connecting the fetus to the maternal circulation," says Graham Burton, a placentologist at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. That view is changing.
Recent advances in molecular and imaging technologies, "omics" fields, and data sciences are offering researchers an unprecedented look at the placenta as a dynamic organ whose molecular structure and function change throughout pregnancy.6 Scientists now know that the placenta mediates fetal interactions with the maternal immune system and exposures to compounds in the mother's blood, in addition to its role in nutrient and waste transfer between the mother and fetus.7 It also functions as a neuroendocrine organ that produces hormones and other important molecules to spur fetal growth and development.7 The placenta, in essence, may be the master regulator of the fetal environment.8
A New View of Prenatal Exposures
The thalidomide crisis of the mid-twentieth century established the vulnerability of the fetus during the prenatal period and provided evidence that the placenta was not an impervious barrier against toxic exposures. Doctors prescribed thalidomide to pregnant women for morning sickness for four years before determining in 1961 that it caused many of the women's babies to be born without arms or legs.9
Researchers soon found that low levels of chemicals with more subtle effects than thalidomide—for instance, lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and nicotine—also could cross the placenta and enter the fetal blood supply, causing damage.10 Once inside the placenta, researchers speculated that these chemicals had direct access to the fetal brain and other developing tissues.
Even still, says Thad Schug, a health scientist administrator for the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, "we assumed for a long time that things either did or didn't cross the placenta. They either did or didn't enter the developing fetus." No one was really paying attention to how the placenta responded to those contaminants and whether they might alter the function of the placenta itself.
The dominant model of fetal toxicology assumed that chemicals passed through the placenta to reach the fetus but did not change placental function. Yet this model could not totally explain the developmental effects and associations that researchers were finding. Namely, experimental and observational studies pointed toward vulnerable periods for brain development and sexual differentiation in the earliest weeks of pregnancy,11 but studies of placental structure suggested that toxicants probably did not pass through the placenta in these early stages.1 In the past decade, the static fetal model has begun to change as technological advances have allowed researchers to get a better look at the placenta's structure and molecular profile.
The placenta undergoes a number of changes during pregnancy. In its earliest days, it looks and functions very differently from the organ seen at birth. One of the placenta's best-established roles—as a conduit of fetal nutrition—does not start until several weeks into pregnancy. During the first weeks, the developing embryo receives nourishment from the glands lining the uterus while the placental cells implant into the uterine wall and lay a sturdy framework for the maternal–fetal interface. During this early period of development, when the major organs are differentiating, the embryo has very limited access to the mother's circulation. Only at about 10 weeks after conception do the placental cells connect to the maternal blood supply. At that point, the placental cells, bathed in maternal blood, begin to transfer oxygen, nutrients, and other molecules to the fetus.1 Unfortunately, this newly formed connection also allows for the passage of environmental chemicals from maternal blood to the fetus.
So how might chemical exposures influence development during this critical period without directly contacting the embryo? From the start of pregnancy, the placenta is a tiny factory, making and secreting chemicals such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).12 hCG is an important placental signaling hormone that plays a variety of roles during pregnancy, the best known of which is to help maintain the production of steroid hormones by the mother's ovaries; this sustains early pregnancy. hCG is also important in stimulating the production of testosterone, which helps direct sexual differentiation in male fetuses. Jennifer Adibi, a molecular biologist and epidemiologist at the University of Pittsburgh, suspected that endocrine-active chemicals such as ortho-phthalates, which are known to alter sexual differentiation in rodents,13,14,15,16 might do so by altering hCG production by the placenta.
To examine this hypothesis, Adibi dosed placental cells in culture with levels of phthalates comparable to those circulating in the bodies of most Americans and found that exposed cells produced less hCG than nonexposed cells. She then compared levels of phthalates in the blood of 541 pregnant women with their newborn babies' anogenital distance (AGD; the distance between the anus and genitals). Women with higher blood phthalate levels tended to have higher levels of hCG in the first trimester. AGD is normally longer in male newborns than in females, but these women tended to have sons with a shorter-than-normal AGD (a sign of feminization) or daughters with a longer-than-normal AGD (a sign of masculinization).17 Variations in AGD have been associated with differences in some measures of reproductive function in both males and females, although the clinical impacts are unknown.18,19
These new findings offer evidence that phthalates and possibly other endocrine-disrupting chemicals may be able to affect fetal development indirectly by altering placental function. Like direct effects, these indirect effects may influence disease development later in life.17 "We're beginning to see that how the placenta deals with environmental change may be an important and previously overlooked component of fetal programming," Adibi says.
Markers and Mechanisms
In addition to the Dutch famine studies, observational research carried out in the second half of the twentieth century linked gross characteristics such as infant birth weight and placental size to adult health outcomes.20 Those studies formed the scientific basis for what later became the DOHaD hypothesis.
In the early 1990s British epidemiologist David Barker reported that men and women in a county in southern England who had been born with low birth weight were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure and to die of heart disease in later life than their normal-birth-weight counterparts.21 Barker called this the "thrifty phenotype," where the fetus faced with malnutrition develops certain metabolic traits that help it to adapt to conditions of continued food shortage. These same traits put them at a disadvantage later in life, in a world of plentiful food, where they tended to suffer from excessive weight gain and associated chronic diseases. He hypothesized that the quality of the intrauterine environment could permanently alter the physiology and metabolism of the fetus and thereby impact the lifelong health trajectory of the child.
The early work of Barker and others gave us the 10,000-foot view of DOHaD. Researchers are now getting a close-up look at the epigenetic mechanisms that are thought to underlie some of those early morphological observations. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression can be accomplished by direct methylation of DNA. In methylation, small molecules known as "methyl groups" attach to genes in a specific pattern. Methylation can turn genes on or off directly at the level of DNA and affect whether the DNA can transcribe messenger RNA (mRNA). It is the mRNA that then makes proteins that direct cellular structure and function.7
Once transcribed, mRNA can be "silenced" by microRNA (miRNA), tiny noncoding strands of RNA that help to regulate gene expression. miRNA does not alter the genetic code but rather affects its expression, providing another mechanism for epigenetic regulation.7
Different tissues in the body have different signature DNA methylation patterns. These methylation patterns form the basis of an individual's epigenome.8 Human studies have shown that environmental exposures to endocrine-active chemicals, heavy metals, stress, and malnutrition may influence DNA methylation patterns in fetal umbilical cord blood.8 Researchers are now getting a handle on normal and aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in the placenta, the first complex organ to form during development.7 "The placenta represents a higher level of control of fetal programming and a more broad range of impacts than other tissues," says Carmen Marsit, an environmental epigeneticist at Emory University.
Marsit looks at the relationship between in utero exposures to environmental contaminants, such as arsenic, and DNA methylation patterns. Finding where differences in methylation occur helps researchers to identify specific candidate genes that may play important roles in exposure pathways.22
Epigenetic studies are starting to show links between the placental epigenome and a number of infant health markers. Variations in DNA methylation patterns in certain gene regions have been associated with infant birth weight, gestational age at birth, and neurobehavioral measures.7 "The next important step," says Marsit, "is to understand the functional implications of these epigenetic changes—for instance, whether changes to DNA methylation or miRNA expression patterns alter gene expression in ways that matter to health."
Rebecca Fry, a toxicologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, searches for molecular clues in compromised placentas to help her determine how prenatal exposures to toxic metals may influence disease susceptibility. She has found associations between preeclampsia and placental levels of metals including cadmium.23 Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that results in decreased oxygenation and metabolic stress for the fetus, hypertension for the mother, and later risk for heart disease and stroke in the child. This condition affects about 3–7% of pregnancies.24
Doctors do not know exactly what causes preeclampsia, although the condition has been associated with improper blood vessel formation in the placenta. The only way to stop preeclampsia is to deliver the placenta, so labor is often induced in preeclamptic women, even if this means their children are born prematurely. "These infants are set up for many health complications later on, including problems related to neurodevelopment," Fry says.
Fry's studies assessing the functional consequences of epigenetic patterns in the placentas of mothers with preeclampsia may help to elucidate the biological pathways responsible for observed associations between toxic metals and health outcomes including infant growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function. "If we first understand which biological pathways are changed, we can begin to look for therapeutics to influence the faulty expression of those genes," she says.25
Molecular Influences on Outcomes
Studies of where and how epigenetic modifications occur in the placenta are giving researchers a better understanding of the ephemeral organ's molecular landscape and the functional relevance of these changes.
Recent studies have connected miRNA to several placenta-related conditions, including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Cell studies have further shown that placental exposure to a number of environmental stressors, including metals and bisphenol A (BPA), may alter miRNA expression.7 In one study, altered miRNA expression in cells dosed with environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA caused the cells to become more sensitive to DNA-damaging molecules.26
Karin Michels, an epidemiologist at Harvard who studies early-life risk factors for breast cancer, says that miRNAs may provide very early markers of disease risk. "MicroRNAs could help us to define cancer mechanisms that are set in utero," says Michels. She recently showed that prenatal exposures to two classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—phthalates and phenols—were associated with differences in miRNA expression patterns in the recently delivered placentas of nearly 200 women, suggesting potential mechanisms for toxicity in humans.27
Genomic imprinting could provide clues, too. For most genes, we inherit two working copies (or alleles)—one from each parent. With imprinted genes, only one of the inherited alleles is functional; the other is silenced by DNA methylation. The copy of the gene that is silenced depends on which parent the allele was inherited from. Genomic imprinting is one of the few known mechanisms for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance—the process by which epigenetic alterations can be passed from one generation to the next.
Many imprinted genes are involved in placental development and fetal growth.28 Problems with imprinted genes have been associated with a number of disorders, including diabetes, cancer, reproductive diseases, and behavioral disorders.28 In experimental studies, exposures to toxic metals and endocrine-active chemicals have been associated with differences in the regulation of imprinted genes in the placenta,29 but it's not yet clear what these changes might mean for the long-term health of the growing fetus.
A consistent feature of the DOHaD hypothesis is the occurrence of sex-specific differences in the appearance and progression of many diseases.30 There are also sex-specific differences in neurodevelopment and the acquisition of cognitive skills. Experimental models suggest that exposure to environmental insults early in life can program sex-specific differences in adult heart disease risk.31 Yet, it's unclear exactly how biological sex influences the mechanisms underlying disease progression.32 Researchers believe some of these differences can be traced to the placenta.
Many mammals, including humans, show sex-specific differences in placental structure and function. Cheryl Rosenfeld, a veterinarian and environmental scientist at the University of Missouri, explains that there may be differences in the way that placentas for male versus female fetuses deal with environmental stresses, differences she says could set boys and girls on different health trajectories.
Rosenfeld showed that placentas supporting female mouse pups were more sensitive to changes in the maternal diet than placentas of male pups.33 Further studies on maternal diet in mice found differences in DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in the placentas of male and female offspring, and associated sex-dependent differences in how offspring responded to a high-fat diet.34 Maternal stress in rodents likewise led to different patterns of epigenetic regulation and gene expression in male and female placentas, with male offspring going on to develop maladaptive inflammatory and behavioral responses to stress as adults.35
Researchers have hypothesized sex-specific differences in the way the placenta influences cardiovascular and brain development in humans, and the Dutch famine of 1944 provided evidence of a placental–heart relationship in humans. Men appear to be disproportionately affected by some cardiovascular and neurological disorders with suspected placental origins.30 Sons that were in the womb during peak famine months had oddly shaped placentas, and these changes correlated with the development of hypertension later in life—an association that was not found in daughters.30 However, few studies have investigated sex-dependent differences in placental responses to specific exposures.30
Challenges and Opportunities
"All placentas serve as a buffer between the mom and the fetus, but no other organ has evolved to be so structurally different between different species," Rosenfeld says. Molecular pathways that perform important functions in some species may not exist in others. For instance, mice do not produce hCG but have other ways of regulating functions directed by hCG in humans.
The diversity in placental structure makes it difficult for researchers to establish appropriate animal models to validate causal mechanisms. Placental diseases such as preeclampsia also can be hard to model in animals.
Researchers are looking to embryonic stem cells for potential experimental models. Human embryonic stem cells can be converted to placental cells, and these cells can be exposed to different stressors to replicate some of the conditions of human pregnancy. An in vitro approach can provide insight into disruptions taking place during the earliest stages of placental formation, before the organ is even attached to the uterus, Rosenfeld says.
Accessing the placenta during critical periods of fetal development presents another challenge. Most human placental studies are conducted on placentas that have been delivered at term, but a term placenta looks and functions very differently than a first-trimester placenta. "It's like studying a heart after it has already stopped beating," says David Weinberg, a translational scientist at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Weinberg says, "To really understand placental function and development, we need to be able to monitor it all across pregnancy."
Weinberg is the project lead for the institute's Human Placenta Project (HPP). The HPP was launched in 2014 to better understand how the placenta influences the health of the mother and fetus, both during pregnancy and beyond.6 HPP researchers are working to devise new technologies and methods that will enable noninvasive, real-time assessment of placental development and function across pregnancy. Many of the tools that are being developed will allow researchers to better evaluate environmental impacts on the placenta, Weinberg says.
One exciting approach, according to Weinberg, is the study of placenta-derived exosomes36—small cellular structures in biological fluids that relay messages from the placenta back to the mother. Researchers are looking at how these exosomes change across pregnancy by studying their abundance and structure. Such molecules may provide real-time markers of fetal health that can be measured in the mother's blood.37
Beyond a better understanding of fetal programming, the placenta may have much to offer the broader research community, Weinberg says. Learning how placental cells proliferate and invade the wall of the uterus, for instance, could aid cancer researchers. "We believe that understanding those processes will not only benefit moms and fetuses but can lead to advances that extend far beyond pregnancy," he says.
A Unique Placental Microbiome?
Scientists have long thought the uterus was a sterile environment, but it turns out the placenta may not be germ-free. Recent studies suggest that all placentas contain a small amount of bacteria. In 2014 a team led by Kjersti Aagaard, a fetal medicine specialist at Baylor College of Medicine, found a distinct microbial signature among the placentas from 320 healthy human pregnancies.38 A study published earlier this year suggested that these placental microbes may begin to colonize the human gut shortly before birth.39
The findings are controversial. Some researchers caution that microbial discoveries in samples with few bacteria—such as the placenta—could be the result of DNA contamination.40,41 Questions remain about whether the bacteria in the human placenta even constitute a true microbiome—a persistent and distinct community of microbial residents—and how those bacteria got there.
Aagaard now is using laboratory animals to infer how environmental factors, including maternal diet, can impact this potential placental microbiome. Efforts to understand the placental microbiome may provide critical insights about DOHaD. "The microbiome helps form our metabolic premise," Aagaard says. "If you disturb that metabolic milieu during a critical window of development, it's going to have a lifelong impact."
1. Roseboom TJ, et al. Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview. Mol Cell Endocrinol 185(1–2):93–98 (2001), doi: 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00721-3.
2. Wadhwa PD, et al. Developmental origins of health and disease: brief history of the approach and current focus on epigenetic mechanisms. Semin Reprod Med 27(5):358–368 (2009), doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1237424.
3. Barker DJP, et al. Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol 31(6):1235–1239 (2002), doi: 10.1093/ije/31.6.1235.
4. Grandjean P, et al. Life-long implications of developmental exposure and environmental stressors: new perspectives. Endocrinology 156(10):3408–3415 (2015), doi: 10.1210/EN.2015-1350.
5. Long EC. The placenta in lore and legend. Bull Med Libr Assoc 51(2):233–241 (1963), PMID: [Pubmed].
6. NICHD. The Human Placenta Project [website]. Bethesda, MD:Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (updated 16 February 2016). Available: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/HPP/Pages/default.aspx [accessed 19 May 2016].
7. Marsit CJ. Placental epigenetics in children's environmental health. Semin Reprod Med 34(1):36–41 (2016), doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570028.
8. Green BB, Marsit CJ. Select prenatal environmental exposures and subsequent alterations of gene-specific and repetitive element DNA methylation in fetal tissues. Curr Environ Health Rep 2(2):126–136 (2015), doi: 10.1007/s40572-015-0045-0.
9. McBride WG. Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities. Lancet 278(7216):1358 (1961).
10. Almond D, Currie J. Killing me softly: the fetal origins hypothesis. J Econ Perspect 25(3):153–172 (2011), doi: 10.1257/jep.25.3.153.
11. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. What is the placenta? Am J Obstet Gynecol 213(4 suppl):S6.e1, S6–8 (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.050.
12. Jones GES, et al. Hormone production by placental cells maintained in continuous culture. Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital 72:26 (1943).
13. Parks LG, et al. The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicol Sci 58(2):339–349 (2000), doi: 10.1093/toxsci/58.2.339.
14. Hannas BR, et al. Dipentyl phthalate dosing during sexual differentiation disrupts fetal testis function and postnatal development of the male sprague-dawley rat with greater relative potency than other phthalates. Toxicol Sci 120(1):184–193 (2011), doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq386.
15. Gray LE, et al. Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol Sci 58(2):350–365 (2000), doi: 10.1093/toxsci/58.2.350.
16. Mylchreest E, et al. Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate: an antiandrogenic mechanism? Toxicol Sci 43(1):47–60 (1998), doi: 10.1093/toxsci/43.1.47.
17. Adibi JJ, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin partially mediates phthalate associations with male and female anogenital distance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(9):E1216–E1224 (2015), doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2370.
18. Mendiola J, et al. Anogenital distance is related to ovarian follicular number in young Spanish women: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 11:90 (2012), doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-90.
19. Eisenberg ML, Lipshultz LI. Anogenital distance as a measure of human male fertility. Reprod Physiol Dis 32(3):479–484 (2015), doi: 10.1007/s10815-014-0410-1.
20. Godfrey KM, Barker DJP. Fetal programming and adult health. Public Health Nutr 4(2B):611–624 (2001), PMID: [Pubmed].
21. Hales CN, Barker DJP. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35(7):595–601 (1992), doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt133.
22. Green BB, et al. Epigenome-wide assessment of DNA methylation in the placenta and arsenic exposure in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (USA). Environ Health Perspect, doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510437 [online 15 January 2016].
23. Laine JE, et al. Placental cadmium levels are associated with increased preeclampsia risk. PLoS One 10(9):e0139341 (2015), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139341.
24. Roberts JM, Cooper DW. Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 357(9249):53–56 (2001), doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03577-7.
25. Martin EM, Fry RC. A cross-study analysis of prenatal exposures to environmental contaminants and the epigenome: support for stress-responsive transcription factor occupancy as a mediator of gene-specific CpG methylation patterning. Environ Epigenet 2(1):dvv011 (2016), doi: 10.1093/eep/dvv011.
26. Avissar-Whiting M, et al. Bisphenol A exposure leads to specific microRNA alterations in placental cells. Reprod Toxicol 29(4):401–406 (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.04.004.
27. LaRocca J, et al. First-trimester urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites and phenols and placenta miRNA expression in a cohort of U.S. women. Environ Health Perspect 124(3):380–387 (2016), doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408409.
28. Monk D. Genomic imprinting in the human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213(4 suppl):S152–S162 (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.032.
29. Smeester L, et al. Imprinted genes and the environment: links to toxic metals arsenic, cadmium and lead. Genes (Basel) 5(2):477–496 (2014), doi: 10.3390/genes5020477.
30. Rosenfeld CS. Sex-specific placental responses in fetal development. Endocrinology 156(10):3422–3434 (2015), doi: 10.1210/en.2015-1227.
31. Intapad S, et al. Sex differences in the developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 29(2):122–132 (2014), doi: 10.1152/physiol.00045.2013.
32. Gilbert JS, Nijland MJ. Sex differences in the developmental origins of hypertension and cardiorenal disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295(6):R1941–R1952 (2008), doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90724.2008.
33. Mao J, et al. Contrasting effects of different maternal diets on sexually dimorphic gene expression in the murine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(12):5557–5562 (2010), doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000440107.
34. Gabory A, et al. Maternal diets trigger sex-specific divergent trajectories of gene expression and epigenetic systems in mouse placenta. PLoS One 7(11):e47986 (2012), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047986.
35. Reynolds CM, et al. Maternal high fat and/or salt consumption induces sex-specific inflammatory and nutrient transport in the rat placenta. Physiol Rep 3(5):e12399 (2015), doi: 10.14814/phy2.12399.
36. Salomon C, et al. A gestational profile of placental exosomes in maternal plasma and their effects on endothelial cell migration. PLoS One 9(6):e98667 (2014), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098667.
37. Sarker S, et al. Placenta-derived exosomes continuously increase in maternal circulation over the first trimester of pregnancy. J Transl Med 12:204 (2014), doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-204.
38. Aagaard K, et al. The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65 (2014), doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599.
39. Collado MC, et al. Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Sci Rep 6:23129 (2016), doi: 10.1038/srep23129.
40. Salter SJ, et al. Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome assays. BMC Biol 12:87 (2014), doi: 10.1186/s12915-014-0087-z.
41. Lusk RW. Diverse and widespread contamination evident in the unmapped depths of high throughput sequencing data. PLoS One 9(10):e110808 (2014), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110808.
Clarivate Analytics released the 2018 Journal Citation Reports, which tracks citations for articles published in 2015 and 2016. EHP's new Journal Impact Factor is 8.31, with a 5-Year Journal Impact Factor of 9.81. (more…)
We are pleased to present new and improved author guidelines! (more…)


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Mario Adult Mask
So you've decided that you want to say, "It's a-me, Mario!" at least once in a while. Really great decision if we may say so! But surely if you're going to convince others that you're the famed Italian plumber, you're going to need to look like him. You know, show off his signature features... that oversized nose, mustache, and red cap with the "M."
The easiest way to become Mario? Just pick up this adult Mario mask! With the classic styling of the famed video game character molded into this PVC mask, you'll be ready for all the Mario Bros. action you can handle. Amp up the Nintendo style with one of our Mario costumes, and you'll be ready to rule your costume party in style. Team up with a friend as Luigi or Princess Peach, and you'll have the couples style that everyone else is going to be envious of!
- PVC mask
- Officially licensed
- Fits with elastic band
- Mask
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-1Summary: AU, Post S1. She was his life source. She was his world. Logan and Veronica. Ficlet.
Disclaimer: We've been through this, I believe.
A/N: The prompt was 'There was nothing we could say, and even less we could do to stop the ice from getting thinner from under me and you.' The prompter was Roz. Feedback, please?
Denial was an act of faith.
Even in the beginning, they were lost. Broken. Doomed, in the epic fairytale sense of the word.
They tried to ignore the facts, but there was nowhere for them to run. They were locked in a dead end, clawing at each other to escape their personal hells and falling even further in the process.
What bothered him most was the sad look that invaded her eyes when he did something wrong or when he let Dick pull him too far over the line she had drawn in the sand between 'good enough' and 'completely hopeless.'
But at first, he was in love. Infatuated. Unsure of his feelings, really, but he felt like he was floating when he kissed her and her fingers curled around his wrist like cool silk on a hot summer day.
He asked her questions about why she chose him. Why she was wasting her time on someone who could never be worthy of her, never, not in a million years.
Veronica smiled every time and ran her hand through his hair, resting her thumb against the hollow of his throat. She told him she cared about him and she knew he was better than he pretended to be.
And he absorbed every word, every touch, every smile. She was his life source.
She was his world.
He was more aware of her nightmares than he was of his own.
For weeks, he slept on her couch and ate breakfast with her dad, waiting for her to wake up so that they could spend the day together and forget about the horror of the past two years. Logan learned when to laugh at Keith's jokes, when to nod his head in silent agreement, and when to voice his opinion to move the conversation along.
Veronica cried when she dreamt. In the mornings, her eyes were swollen and her smile was too weak to be completely genuine.
On the nights that Keith was out of town for a case, Logan slept in her bed, curled up behind her with his palm against her ribs. He listened to her breathe and he calmed her when she thrashed in her sleep.
She thought the dreams made her weak, somehow. And she never told her dad.
After particularly bad nights, she wouldn't meet Logan's eyes. He never said anything and she pretended not to notice how red his eyes were from lack of sleep.
Dick was responsible for most of the plans, but Logan was responsible for most of the executions. He could have said no. He could have called Veronica and asked her to join him for a movie or dinner or ice cream or cuddling on the couch.
But he was desperate for a more active outlet. The pain of betrayal was burning away his flesh and he felt like he couldn't breathe more often than not.
Veronica spent a lot of time telling him to be careful.
He never listened, and he was sure she was making lists of reasons to leave him long before the break-up.
Everything about him left something for her to judge.
She gave him too many chances. He knew that.
They both tried to ignore how little time they had left with each other before one or both of them went insane from the tension.
Denial was an act of faith.


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Historically, the land at Watford Riverwell has been subjected to intensive industrial use, which has left much of the site with contaminated substances and in urgent need of a comprehensive clean-up. In the past, the site has been used as a coal power station, sewerage works, quarrying, as a hospital isolation pest house, and been subject to unlicensed landfilling and illegal fly tipping.
These uses have resulted in extensive contamination of the land both above and below ground. Prior to beginning development, we will need to remove all structures and clean the soil of the chromium and asbestos that currently contaminates it.
It's a big job, but the clean-up has already started with 18,000 cubic metres of earth excavated from the site of the new road and the Waterside zones (by the River Colne) for material and chemical decontamination. This is equivalent to 7 Olympic sized swimming pools.


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3 Words: Samos Starting Beta!/
FSX/P3D. YYYEEEAAHHHH 29Palms baby! These cats have been on a scenery ass kicking killing spree ever since Mykonos was released all those years ago and they have been unstoppable ever since. It's like Christmas morning every time 29Palms releases another destination and looks like we are about to get another Christmas in June! If we are luckier, it could even be May but I don't want to push our luck here. More images should come soon. We are standing by!


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Aphorism #771.
"the love of monkey is the root of all devil"
See Also:
the longer we live, the more far we see
the milk is spilt
As always, please comment if you have any further analysis of this particular aphorism (or if you disagree with my analysis) – or if you have a good story!
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The researchers mentored four paraprofessionals as they worked with small groups of junior primary students with significant literacy needs. All students made significant progress, with the Year 1 and 2 students making more progress than the students in Year 3. A surprising outcome was the increase in professional skills and confidence of the paraprofessionals.
Associate Professor Deslea Konza
Dr Leanne Fried
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Recent Exhibitions
New Departures
Ten seniors in studio art and graphic design displayed their Senior Inquiry work in the New Departures exhibition April 13-May 22.
A collaboration by a pair of artists, Wendy DesChene and Jeff Schmuki, whose work combines activism, research and social space to foster discussion and generate action in the area of ecological awareness.
A Place Called Home: Frank Lundahl and the Quad Cities
This exhibition focused on the expansive collection of works by Frank Lundahl (1858-1932) owned by Augustana. Lundahl was born in Rock Island and spent his life in the Quad Cities. A painter of religious and secular commissions, he still found time to create his own work, capturing the life of the region through landscapes, genre scenes and still life.
What a Relief! Variations on Printmaking
Relief printmaking practices from different perspectives, periods and processes. This exhibition featured the work of Janet Taylor, Joseph Lappie and Ukiyo-e prints from the Augustana Teaching Museum of Art's collection.