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Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, work in conjunction with other components of the immune system to defend our bodies against infections. These immunoglobulin (Ig) normally circulate in the liquid part of our blood, called the plasma, and if they detect something foreign in our body, flags are set off with cascading effects to help remove what is found from our system.
There are multiple types of immunoglobulins in the blood plasma. They are named IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE. The particular immunoglobulin found to provide therapeutic benefit is IgG. Commercial preparations of immunoglobulin therapy focus on securing purified IgG preparations containing relatively little amounts of the other immunoglobulins.
Although there are many uses for immunoglobulin therapy, it is primarily used to treat immunodeficiencies and autoimmune disorders.
Use of immunoglobulin therapy for immune deficiency:
Patients may suffer from a part of their immune system not functioning properly or being absent, which results in having an immune deficiency disease. These immunodeficient patients are more prone to repeated infections, severe infections, and/or infections that are unusually hard to cure and require hospitalization.
The causes of immune deficiency disease can be genetic or acquired. In either case, patients benefit from receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy, also known as IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) or SCIG (subcutaneous immunoglobulin).
Immunoglobulin therapy is given as a temporary replacement for the deficient levels of antibodies in the blood to help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of recurrent bacterial infections. Over time, as the infusions are given continuously, the level of functioning IgG antibodies can be maintained in a sufficient amount to mimic the part of the immune system that did not work as intended. Primary immunodeficient patients will require this replacement therapy for life.
Researchers have found more than 150 types of immunodeficiency diseases, but those commonly treated with immunoglobulin therapy include:
- CVID (Common Variable Immune Deficiency)
- XLA (X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia)
- Hyper-IgM syndromes
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)
Use of immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune diseases:
Autoimmune disorders occur when the body mistakenly produces an antibody response against components of itself, such as its own particular cells, tissues or organs. In these situations, a patient does not have an immune deficiency, but more of a hyperactive response to its own body by creating auto-antibodies. What triggers an autoimmune response is not well understood, but there may be a genetic predisposition for these disorders, or they may be caused by a virus, bacterial infection or drug reaction.
For autoimmune diseases, the treatment goal is to suppress the auto-antibody response and prevent any further deterioration by saturating the body with IgG immunoglobulins.
Neurologists found that they could weaken the autoimmune response in patients with particular disorders, often affecting the neurological system, by administering extemporaneous IgG. The following disorders are treated with immunoglobulin therapy, although in many cases, this is not the first-line therapy and may be preceded by other treatments, including immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids or plasmapheresis. Peripheral neuropathies, conditions caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system, are commonly treated with IgG.
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
- Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN)
- Myasthenia gravis (MG)
- Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Stiff-person syndrome
The length of immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune disorders varies from a one-time infusion, to monthly, or multi-year treatment plans, depending on the patient's condition and response to treatment.
Prescribers may also utilize immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune conditions affecting other systems in the body:


text: Early last month Wronchi Animation, renown for its DOTA 2 Reporter video series, debuted their first Hearthstone cartoon titled Thrall v Rexxar. It was very well received by the community who rejoiced in its depiction of common habits Hearthstone players do like poking the game board repeatedly. Today the YouTube channel has released another called Jaina v Gul'Dan which does not disappoint. Check it out!

subset: commoncrawl


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Comic Site Team-Up: Free Comics and Specials!
OOTWcomic.com and ComicsInTheClassroom.net once again team up to bring you special deals on the Out of This World eComics and eBooks!
OOTW is proud to announce that starting Wednesday, November 22nd, 2006 we are running another online special for eComic and eBook products. The special will run through December 15th , 2006 and will be available through OOTW.com or ComicsInTheClassroom.net.
OOTW is also glad to announce ComicsInTheClassroom.net has been added to the OOTWcomic.com affiliates program. Receive 15% off all Out of This World eComics and eBooks if your order through ComicsInTheClassroom.net. Doing so will help support ComicsInTheClassroom.net as well as help save you money.
November 21, 2006
Any questions or comments, contact me at comicsintheclassroom @ gmail.com
Contents on links on the Internet change continuously. It is advisable that teachers and parents preview all links before recommending them to children.
Administrator / Creator of this website: Scott Tingley firstname.lastname@example.com
The prior copyright notice was in error. The correct copyright notification is Comics in the Classroom, (C) Scott Tingley 2007 All rights reserved.


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Since its inception in 1984, the CCMP Company which deals with Capital Advisory assignments has grown to be a reputable private firm specializing I capital growth, private equity funds and leveraged buyout. It was incepted as Chemical Ventures Partners to solely serve as the Chemical Bank's division in venture capital and private equity. This was before acquisition of the Bank by the Chase Manhattan bank way back in 1996 which made the equity firm change to be known as Chase Capital Partners. It then changed to J.P. MorganPartners following an acquisition of the J.P. Morgan & Co. in the year 2000.since then there has been several spinouts and partnership of the Mother Bank which ultimately saw it finally change its name to CCMP which is a short name for the Chemical and Chase and J.P. Morgan Partners.
Its headquarters are in New York City, United States and other branches in London, Hong Kong and Tokyo.
Blossoming Investments and Successful Leaders
The firm according to patch.com has invested more than $ 15 billion in their transactions for the last thirty two years and their areas of interest are in energy and chemical sectors, Healthcare sector, retail and manufacturing industries. The firm is equipped with skilled and experienced team of advisors who are currently led by the current President, CEO and chairman Mr. Greg Brenneman and Mr. Timothy Walsh as the Managing Director and the Chief Operating Officer. Its first president and CEO since becoming CCMP was Mr. Stephen P. Murray. The current Chairman, Mr. Brenneman was appointed in the year 2008.
The CCMP and the J.P. Morgan partnership led to several key off springs which were also developing the equity funds development agenda. Among those firms include; Panorama Capital which is in Menlo Park California, United States was instituted in the year 2005. Unaitas Capital which was the CCMP Capital Asia and the Linzor Capital which is in Latin America and was started in 2006 by three investors namely Tim Purcell, Alfredo Irigoin and Carlos Ingham.
A Leader in Capital Investments Skills
Steve Murray was a renowned philanthropist and a successful investor especially in equity funds. He passed away in March 12, 2015 aged 52 years. He had left CCMP capitals a year before his death and at this time he served as the president and Chief Executive Officer of the firm. Before joining the CCMP in 2006, he had started his career as analyst in credit matters in 1984 after which he worked for some reputable firms besides partnering with others to form investment firms. Steve Murray was running the Make – A –Wish foundations and sat in board of several other charity foundations. This is why many people have continued emulating his good deeds in the society.


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There is really a way you can find news regarding homemade, organic, goats whole milk bath as well as body products for individuals and domestic pets. Find home made soap information, workshops, reside soap producing demonstrations, services, specials, home made soap courses, homemade cream classes, neighborhood events, stores, goats, goats available, goat care plus much more, all from natural information. Natural news may be the place for that latest and many updated info.
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text: ComCapColorado has been moved to a later date. To stay up to date, please fill out the form below. Thank you! Subscribe to get updates. * indicates required Email Address * First Name State/province How did you hear about us? Hatch Innovation Stories of social innovation and organizational updates. ComCap Newsletter ComCap17 interest


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It was 1998. I walked into my first meeting with my now friend Bill Gross, the founder and CEO of Idealab.
The Word and Will of Oladipo Ademola Esq, Singh Kobayashi and the Advocatus Diaboli.
It was 1998. I walked into my first meeting with my now friend Bill Gross, the founder and CEO of Idealab.
1. Where and when your local farmers markets occur. Not only is supporting locally grown food awesome for the community, but there's nothing better than spending an afternoon strolling outside and sampling fresh fruits, artisanal cheeses and seasonal vegetables.
We all have examples of confident women in our lives, whether it be a family member, a friend or someone we have not actually met, but admire from afar. We are instantly drawn to this person by their self-assurance and positive outlook on themselves.
Four members of the robbery gang, which unleashed terror on two commercial banks in the Ipakodo, Ikorodu area of Lagos two weeks ago, have been arrested by the police.
Are you looking for a decoration in the living room? If you want to have a living room that is interesting and beautiful, you should consider about decorating your living room in addition to pay attention on the furniture arrangement.
Looking for living room design ideas? Here's a big showcase designs of amazing contemporary living room interior that are complemented with beautiful modern TV wall units and wall mounts. These 40 living room interior, are designed by famous interior companies and top interior designers.
The concept of furniture has evolved greatly over the years. From the Medieval and Victorian days of massive banquet tables and heavy wooden couches to the more chic sofas and beanbags, furniture has come a long way. The post World War II period saw a widespread industrial revolution.
IT'S NO SECRET that Microsoft is still having a tough time in the smartphone market. This was more than evident from the firm's second-quarter results announced earlier this week.
Rumours surrounding Microsoft's Windows 10 plan suggest the software giant may be using the next desktop release to prop-up Windows Phone, with cross-platform apps releasing for desktop that work, seamlessly, on mobile.
Microsoft's (NASDAQ: MSFT ) Windows Phone finished 2014 with only 3% of the global smartphone market, compared to 82% for Google (NASDAQ: GOOG ) (NASDAQ: GOOGL ) Android and 14% for Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL ) iOS, according to research firm IDC.


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On Monday the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital marked its official opening with a ribbon-cutting ceremony at its campus in White Plains, N.Y. The facility, located at the hospital's Westchester campus, combines research and comprehensive care across the lifespan.
New York Collaborates for Autism, led by Laura Slatkin and Ilene Lainer, supported and guided the center's creation. Additional funding came from Autism Speaks, whose co-founder Bob Wright is a hospital trustee. Marilyn and Jim Simons, of the Simons Foundation, also provided support, as did the Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation. Learn more about the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain here.
Steven J. Corwin, M.D., the CEO of New York-Presbyterian Hospital, acted as master of ceremonies for the dedication. The audience heard moving speeches from Catherine Lord, Ph.D., Laura Slatkin, Congresswoman Nita Lowey, and Mayor Thomas M. Roach, of White Plains.
Guests were able to attend tours of the center, exploring the different therapy, evaluation, and observation rooms. They are designed based on the age of the patient ranging from children, adolescent, to adults with specific modifications for each.
The innovative model for the state-of-the-art facility include:
- Focus on the lifespan
- Evidence-based assessment and treatment
- Treatment plans that work with each patient's strengths
- Integrated treatments including applied behavior analysis, medication management and social groups in combinatino with other approaches
- Collaborative research and training program
- Working with the community as a referral hub to forge connections among families, schools, and community organizations
For more information on the NewYork-Presbyterian Center for Autism and the Developing Brain visit here.


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Ask A Doctor
Ask A Doctor Free – Medical Questions Answered. Medical Doctors – Medical Experts Available Now To Answer Your Health Questions Online. Our Doctors and Medical Specialists Can Provide You With A Second Opinion, Health Advice, Medical Advice And Medical Consultation. Free Service. Medical Questions Crowdsourcing gets your question answered by a large group of people from Conventional Medical Doctors to Complementary / Alternative Medicine Practitioners and Medical Specialists as well as Patients, Experts and Knowledgeable Individuals.
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Show Summary Details
Quick Reference
Cope on a gable-wall carried up as a parapet. The term is especially appropriate for scrolled, shaped, or stepped gables: the horizontal part at the base of the gable is the foot-table; the curved parts are boltels or bottles; and a step is a square.
Subjects: Architecture.
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text: Wee, first post. Well, i've had my m3 for a couple weeks now and i've used it to play a ton of great games with no problems, but I hear there is an issue with the m3 and Mario and Luigi: Partners in Time. On the m3forum.com website, they say that once you get to a certain point were yoshi is swallowed, or something of that nature, the game freezes. Now, i don't want to get halfway into the game and be told i can't play anymore because it refuses to work on my m3. I use a M3 Perfect SD, will there be any issues with MLiT? All i need is a confirmation of someone who's already played and beaten the game, I reeeaaallllyy need something to get my mind off FF3


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Sometimes the simple things, the very plain, provide the most inspiration as it encourages you to create. A perfect example is Blank, an online purveyor of blank packaging and project supplies, which stocks a smorgasboard of plain gift tags, wrap, cards, boxes and bags. The absence of colour and decoration encourages you to create your own personalised touch which is a whole lot of fun and makes for a far more special gift.
One of the cutest projects I have seen created with blank supplies is the egg couple (pictured below) by crafty legend, illustrator and designer Rachael Smith of Penelope & Pip. How could you not love such a dashing eggy couple! I hope to profile more of Rachael's talents soon, so stay tuned.
|An egg-cellent creation by Rachael Smith of Penelope & Pip


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Flowers can be delivered to CHELSEA HEIGHTS
Local Florist Flower Delivery to Chelsea Heights - 3196 - Victoria is Same Day Free Delivery.
Same Day cut-off time is 2pm - Monday to Friday for delivery to Chelsea Heights. Please order by 10am on Saturdays. We are sorry but do not deliver to Chelsea Heights on a Sundays.
We have a huge range of great flowers for sale for all occasions including birthday, funerals and sympathy flowers, get well boxed arrangements or just because you love someone or are thinking of them. Popular flowers, like red roses, lillies, gerberas & singapore orchids available throughout the year. Buy flowers, arrangments, boxed arrangements, bouquets, fruit baskets using our online ordering platform. You can add Teddy Bears, Alcohol, Chocolates or a vase to your flower purchase. send flowers to Chelsea Heights today.
For the Area of Chelsea Heights - 3196 - Victoria, we can deliver roses, bouquet, flower arrangements,fruit baskets, same day delivery.
Flowersales services the following surrounding areas:Bangholme Florist Carrum Downs Flowers to Dandenong Dandenong East Florist Dandenong South Flowers to Dingley Village Frankston Florist Frankston East Flowers to Frankston North Heatherton Florist Keysborough Flowers to Mentone Mentone East Florist Moorabbin Airport Flowers to Mordialloc Noble Park Florist Parkdale Flowers to Pines Forest Sandhurst Florist Sandown Village Flowers to Seaford Springvale Florist Springvale South
Here are the addresses of some common delivery places near Chelsea Heights including hospitals:Cabrini Brighton, 243 New Street, Brighton, 03 9508 8777
Send flowers same day with free delivery via one of our florists in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Darwin, Hobart, Canberra, Berwick, Cairns, Frankston, Mount Waverley, Parkville, Port Macquarie, Randwick, Richmond, Southport - Gold Coast, Subiaco, Toowoomba, Wagga Wagga,


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Oral Examination
New patients receive a comprehensive examination which includes a screening for oral cancer, gum and bone disease, blood pressure and systemic disorders. A routine oral exam is performed on established patients to determine any changes in dental and health status since the previous visit. Your gum tissue is measured with a fine instrument ruler to calibrate the pocket depth between the tooth and the connective gum tissue around the tooth in millimeters. Pockets measuring 4, 5, 6 millimeters and up is cause for concern and requires immediate attention. The deeper the pocket, the greater the extent plaque bacteria collects, and infection or gum disease develops. X-rays are taken as needed. Tooth scaling and root planing occur as needed. Routine cleanings also include a professional polishing (prophy) that removes only the soft sticky plaque that is above the gum line.
No insurance? No problem!
Alternate payment plans available!
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Originally published in the Tufts Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Newsletter November 2014
Some scientists work in sterile labs, others travel to remote and inhospitable regions, and starting from the summer of 2014 Biology doctoral student Charles van Rees' summers will be spent in O`ahu, Hawai'i (sometimes spelled "Oahu, Hawaii"). As a Fellow with the Water Diplomacy IGERT (Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship), Charles studies the intersections of science, society, wildlife, and politics with respect to water networks –freshwater, in particular. "Fresh water is one of the big ways humans interact with ecosystems," Charles says, "and with water use it is hard to quantify and see how we are affecting wildlife populations."
Behavioral ecology and conservation biology are Charles' academic passions – in fact, it was the research of his faculty advisor, Dr. Michael Reed, in these fields that sparked his interest in Tufts, and it was Dr. Reed who introduced Charles to the Water Diplomacy IGERT. His research into the movement behaviors of the endangered Gallinule bird is a natural fit, and gives him an opportunity to further explore the issues surrounding wildlife preservation and water use as they play out in the wetland ecosystems of O`ahu. Plus, Charles says, "You don't have to twist my arm to go to Honolulu a few times a year."
He has pursued this project since 2012, and flew for the first time to Hawai'i last summer to begin research in earnest. The Gallinule bird used to flourish on the islands, but Charles explains "due to rapid urbanization and water use many of these wetlands have been lost; additionally, new predators like cats have been introduced to the environment, which resulted in the near extinction of the bird in the 50s and 60s." Now extinct on all but two islands, less than one thousand of these birds are alive worldwide.
The birds are very sparsely dispersed on the island, with substantial habitat fragmentation. This is the foundation of Charles' research: the question of whether these habitat fragments interact – so the entire Gallinule population on O`ahu might be considered as a whole – or if these fragments act as isolated sub-populations – which would make the bird much more sensitive to climactic or man-made crises. An accurate understanding of the birds' full migration patterns is critical, particularly given a recent observation by another Tufts graduate student that a Gallinule had flown from O`ahu's north shore to the south shore. This contradicts the accepted idea that these sub-populations did not interact at all, and necessitates this new research.
Now, Charles works to determine the extent of the birds' movement, and where that movement occurs. Logistically, manual banding of the birds and continuous surveying is the only way to track the birds effectively. Because he cannot be on O`ahu throughout the entire year, Charles has enlisted support from the people of O`ahu: "We began a citizen science approach, and started a volunteer network called Ike na Manu, to get the public involved. It's whoever wants to go and survey these wetlands, and if you see birds or if you don't see birds just let us know. We also ask them to let us know if they see a particular bird wearing a colored band, which are specifically coded for each bird so we would know where that bird had been and where it is now."
Meanwhile in Medford, he continues work with O`ahu wetlands through work that addresses the viability of artificial wetlands as a solution to impending water management issues on the island and this species' endangered status. He says, "Wetlands are sometimes called the 'kidneys' of the land, filtering freshwater and recharging groundwater, so they are seen as an essential part of this process. Artificial wetlands are often used to provide these functions where they are lacking, so I am seeing if this would work to fix the water problems on O`ahu while helping this endangered species."
Due to the sensitivity of land use in Hawai'i this type of solution has not been examined in depth before, and Charles points to the interdisciplinary focus of the Water Diplomacy program as essential to the process of coming up with a solution that is beneficial to all involved. These are the types of issues he hopes to pursue in the future, as well. He is interested in international conservation in the nonprofit sector, and hopes to enrich his specialization in biology by embracing an interdisciplinary approach.
He sees this type of work as "much more difficult than working domestically, because other countries are much more on the front lines of conservation, because their biodiversity issues are compounded by the needs of economic development, and we have to figure out how to integrate those two things." He hopes to make a difference as a trained biologist with all the theory and rigor of hard academic training who can also communicate with politicians and decision-makers. For now, he will continue his work in Hawai'i – investigating the Gallinule species and inspiring citizen action.


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Expert group of journalists Conflict Intelligence Team released its analysis of the available data on shooting down Russian helicopter in Syria.
At first, Kremlin officials did not acknowledge the loss of a helicopter at all, but under the pressure of evidence and published the video they said that the helicopter was a Syrian Mi-25, and the pilots were Russian "instructors".
However, disclosing the names of killed pilots allowed to reveal that one of the pilots was a commander of an elite regiment of Russian Air Forces, and probably the highest-ranking Russian officer killed in Syria, who in 2008 took part in the invasion in Georgia. Also, the Defense Ministry assured that the helicopter was allegedly shot down an American anti-tank missile TOW.
Experts of Conflict Intelligence Team reviewed the available video, and concluded that the helicopter was not a Mi-25, but rather a new Russian Mi-35, which Syrian army didn't have, so it could only be Russian. Another conclusion was that there are reasons to say that the helicopter was shot down by "friendly fire" from another Russian helicopter that was following the first one, and was doing the same thing: firing unguided rockets at ground targets.
"Russian Defense Ministry said that the helicopter was shot down by an American heavy anti-tank missile system TOW. However, throughout the whole time of Russian campaign in Syria, there have been no reports of ISIS militants hijacking TOW systems, or any signs of TOW missiles being in possession of this terrorist organization. In addition, TOW missiles, like many others of this type, are driven by wire, and are unable to hit a helicopter because of the limited speed and maneuverability," experts wrote.
They also deny the possibility of shooting down the helicopter with a surface-to-air missile due to lack of missile contrail on video.
"In the video you can see that immediately before the accident the helicopter shoots unguided rockets, and after each shot a plume of smoke remains in the air remains, and goes below the fuselage of the helicopter.
However, at the moment of hitting the steering propeller of the helicopter, we see that a similar plume of smoke is coming from the object just above the fuselage of the affected helicopter," the CIT said.
"The combination of these factors allows at least seriously investigate the version that Mi-35M was accidentally shot down by another helicopter with an unguided aircraft missile. During the fighting, the leading helicopter could accidentally get into the line of fire of the driven helicopter, which was flying slightly higher. This might also explain why ISIS did not publish photos and video of launching a MANPAD, and why the video was not published immediately," the experts summarized.
Source: 5.ua
Images: citeam.org


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The final day of the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival is almost here! The VRC Stakes day (also known as the Emirates Stakes day), is held at Flemington Racecourse the Saturday after the Melbourne Cup Day, which always falls on the first Tuesday in November.
The first Stakes Day was run in 1881, and in recent years has been marketed as the 'family day' of the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival, where parents can bring their children and make a family event out of it, with numerous entertainment for the whole family.
The Emirates Stakes Race is a Group 1 race run over 1600meters and will be one of nine races this Saturday.
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5. $7.50 Sacred Falls 56.5 Glen Boss
6. $9.00 Toydini 56.5 Blake Shinn
7. $15.00 Rhythm To Spare 52.0 Kerrin Mc Evoy
8. $18.00 Strike The Stars 52.0 Chad Schofield
9. $7.00 Spurtonic 52.5 Tommy Berry
10. $31.00 Nashville 55.5 Steve Arnold
11. $21.00 Blackie 52.5 Chris Symons
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Year Winner 2nd 3rd Time
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2009 All American So You Think Gold Salute 1:33.9
2008 All Silent Sea Battle Mimi Lebrock 1:35.8
2007 Tears I Cry Bird Dancer Shinzig 1:35.2
2006 Divine Madonna Niconero Valedictum 1:35.5
2005 Valedictum Infinite Grace Shania Dane 1:34.9
2004 Sky Cuddle Lad Of The Manor Skewiff 1:39.1
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Want to enhance the look, safety, security, and comfort of your Jeep Wrangler? With the assortment of jeep wrangler interior accessories available, such a task is easy to complete with only a little bit of money needed. There's so many accessories, however, choosing the best to add to your Wrangler can be challenging. But, never worry, because the headaches are now minimized with the list below. Learn the five can't miss Jeep Wrangler accessories, and ensure you add these goodies to your vehicle right away. These accessories all offer something amazing for you to use, love, and enjoy.
1- Consoles
Updated Wrangler consoles provide added style and space to store all your belongings you want to carry around with you.
2- Shelf-it
The Shelf system is a great addition to your Wrangler. It easily attaches to the top visor, where you are instantly given added space to keep many different items safely and within easy reach.
3- Car Mat
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Tag Archives: Tyranny in America
There is no justice left in the halls of American government – the form remains, but the soul of Liberty has fled, and the corpse is now being consumed by the rot of petty tyranny. If we had any doubt, it has … Continue reading
Posted in 2nd Amendment, Americas Remedy, Civil Unrest, Editorial, Elections, Financial, Health Care, Religion, Safety and Preparedness, Uncategorized, Voter issues Tagged Americas Remedy, Ann Barnhardt, Civil Unrest, Constitution, Economic Collapse, Elections, fraud, Romney, Ron Paul, Supreme Court, Tea Party, Tyranny in America, Voter Fraud, War 1 Comment
Marxism in America
The excerpt and video below outline the views of Gen. Jerry Boykin concerning the Marxist takeover of our country. Whether we call it Tyranny, Socialism, Communism, Marxism or One World Order, our country's future is not based on freedom and natural … Continue reading
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text: Fall 2015 Featured Work December 16, 2015 | by EAS Selections from Fall 2015 artwork uploaded on Emergent Art Space CHOUATI YASSINEMoroccoCombing GeishaAcrylic on japanese fabricsRoberto MitoloTorino, ItalyGeisha with medallionsAcrylic on japanese fabricsRoberto MitoloTorino, ItalyTextured TravelsphotographyRenee ReganWashington DC, United StatesWe were playing and suddenly…Collage C-type PrintAmmar FaizLahore, PakistanTextured TravelsphotographyRenee ReganWashington DC, United Statesi m in the pictureSeyedeh MousavifardMashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic Of)More infoTechniqe: Ink on cardboardsuperhumanSeyedeh MousavifardMashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic Of)More infoTechniqe: Ink on cardboardLoopholesInstallationKamil BaśKrakow, PolandMore infoLoopholes (2015) is my installation that I prepared for my university department's annual series of exhibitions called Wydział Sztuki w Mieście (The Art Department in the City) in Krakow, Poland. It consists of a white-painted metal structure with two rocks inside and a source of light that can be targeted at it from almost every angle. Those two stones block the line of light so that there are two additional, irregular shades that interfere with the regularity of a grid. Intermittent ContinuityanimationKonrad PeszkoCracow, PolandPost-Colonial Object of Desire #4,,Collage on handmade abacaFelipe BaezaGuanajuato, Mexico / Brooklyn, Double Click to OpenSingle channel HD videoAngelica VerdanWashington, D.C., United StatesMore infoRight click for more options. Double Click to Open analyzes the form and function of the cursor by removing it from the digital world and placing it in the physical one. Cultural animalism 1Enamel on canvasDushan PejchevSkopje, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic OfPatron saint of regretMolded PlasterIrene PouliassiAthens, GreeceMore info'Patron saint of regret' possess a sense of theatricality. Everything starts from concept exploring sketches, and every project is either a sequel or a prequel in a ongoing personal narrative.Cultural animalism 2Enamel on canvasDushan PejchevSkopje, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic OfPillars of silenceDEBASISH BERABalichak, IndiaTransformationOil Colors, Oil Pastel on Board Asmaa ElmongiAlexandria, EgyptFinding Irish GoldPerformancein/Form Art CollectiveGalway, IrelandMy Weight In Irish Goldin/Form Art CollectiveGalway, IrelandUntitled - 7 November 2015Digital PhotographGladys KalichiniLusaka, ZambiaMore infoUntitled - 7 November is a series of photographs of an old abandoned building in the heart of Lusaka town. The building is located at the corner of Katondo street and Freedom way. The building was put up in the 1960s, due to faults it cannot be completed. It now serves as a home for homeless people, the occasional lost drunkard or 'stoned' individuals. The walls are filled with writings, stories and drawings of its inhabitants......Traces of ancientMix on CanvasEros DibraShkodra, AlbaniaTraces of ancientMix on CanvasEros DibraShkodra, AlbaniaHuman Landscapesplaster and oxidized ironIrene PouliassiAthens, GreeceMore infoHuman landscapes leads us to visualize the anatomy as microscopical storyboards and allows to connect factual ideas of human existence as part of a natural order.It is a similar narrative contructed of different matter but with entropy as its common denominator.Magic CityphotoLiuYiTianjin, ChinaMore info都市是一部人类史,也是一部文明史。都市里每天发生的一些事好像存在又好像没有存在过。它更像是梦境,或许一切都是梦境 City is a human history, but also a history of civilization. Some things that happen every day in the city seem like there's no existence. It's more like a dream, maybe it's all a dream Magic cityphotoLiuYiTianjin, ChinaMore info都市是一部人类史,也是一部文明史。都市里每天发生的一些事好像存在,又好像没有存在过。它更像是梦境,或许一切都是梦境 City is a human history, but also a history of civilization. Some things that happen every day in the city seem like there's no existence. It's more like a dream, maybe it's all a dreamNever EnoughOil on canvasOlympia AltimirSan Francisco, United StatesMore infoSelf portrait in front of a mirror putting red lipstick on.


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Donald Wertlieb, President, Partnership for Early Childhood Development and Disability Rights (PECDDR), and Vibha Krishnamurthy, Executive Director, Ummeed Child Development Center, Mumbai, India
At the cutting edge of synergies in human rights and international development agendas are the special needs and rights of children with disabilities. Guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the challenge is to construct an 'inclusive early childhood development' framework synthesising fragmented traditions in the fields of early childhood development and early childhood intervention. This article outlines the key considerations (Vargas-Baron and Janson, 2009; Engle et al., 2011; Weigt, 2011; World Health Organization, 2012a,b; Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development, 2012; Aber et al., 2013; Institute of Medicine/National Research Council, 2014; Levy et al., 2014; United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2014; Woodhead, 2014). Often, consideration of children with disabilities begins and ends with the quandaries of definition and measurement. What is a disability? Who qualifies as a 'child with a disability' or 'at-risk' for a disability? Are children with disabilities included among 'orphans and vulnerable children'? Children affected by AIDS/HIV? Malnourished, stunted, low-birthweight?
Disability is not only about illness, defect or impairment, but primarily about the mismatch between the child and the opportunities and obstacles presented by society for healthy development and well-being. A broad definition of disability, proposed by Halfon et al. (2012), is:
an environmentally contextualized health-related limitation in a child's existing or emergent capacity to perform developmentally appropriate activities and participate, as desired, in society.
How many children does this entail? At the launch of its State of the World's Children reports in 1980, UNICEF estimated the number at 150 million. In the 2013 report, the first to give priority voice to this significant minority of children, the figure was put at 93 million – with national estimates ranging from 3% to as high as 48% of the population of children. Refinements of definition, epidemiology and measurement remain crucial challenges, but need not stop progress towards including these children in global efforts to build healthy, prosperous societies.
Four transformative trends
Four related trends are propelling a science of developmental potential (Institute of Medicine/National Research Council, 2014) and applications in policies, programmes and services that enhance the well-being of all young children, including those with disabilities.
1 A growing number of young children are living with disabilities.
An unintended consequence of the successful drive to reduce infant mortality is that more babies are surviving with chronic illness and disability that compromises their capacity to reach their optimal development (Save the Children, 2012). Just as industrialised nations encountered this 'new morbidity' in the 20th century, developing countries now must nurture and protect more children with changing constellations of health needs (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001). Still, the large non-governmental funding organisations that influence priorities for low- and middle-income country governments continue to focus on decreasing childhood mortality and disease eradication, with little attention to developmental outcomes of survivors (Scherzer et al., 2012).
2 A shift away from narrow biomedical models of health, development and disability toward comprehensive, multidimensional bio-psychosocio-cultural models.
There is increasingly sophisticated understanding of early brain development and the lifelong health impacts of toxic stress and adverse childhood experiences. We have learned that 'early childhood investments substantially boost adult health' (Campbell et al., 2014, p. 1478), exposing the gross inequities associated with social determinants of health disparities. Infant mental health and neuroscience research now inform our understanding of how babies learn, supporting new models of intervention (Yurima and Charman, 2010). There is a growing literature on what helps to decrease toxicity and promote healthy development.
3 A shift from a narrow deficit-oriented medical model towards more holistic and ecological models that embrace strengths, protective and promotive factors – the child's, the family's, and the community's.
This includes a shift from a 'disease model' of disability to thinking of children with disability within a framework of functional limitations imposed by the environment (WHO, 2007). As a consequence, our interventions become less narrowly focused on diagnosis, exclusion and 'help' through compensatory and remedial efforts involving specialist 'support' in the 'mainstream'. Enablement, empowerment, advocacy, and self-advocacy join the array of intervention objectives.
Another consequence of the shift towards more multidisciplinary approaches is the challenge of advocating for the mainstreaming of disability across multiple disciplines and sectors (Levy et al., 2014). For instance, the responsibility for early identification of young children with delays or disabilities may be spread across ministries of Women and Child Development, Health, Human Resources, Education or Social Protection. Over the last two decades there has been a move towards approaches that engage the family and the community, with growing evidence that community-based rehabilitation can be inclusive and sustainable. (WHO, 2010). Most recently, the early childhood space is expanding to include not just the traditional governmental and NGO players, but also private, business and corporate partners – as explored on pages 86–7 of this issue (ReadyNation, 2015).
4 Rights-based frameworks are replacing charity-based approaches.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) together have power and promise for young children with disabilities (Brown and Guralnick, 2012; Lansdown, 2012). Perhaps one of the most illuminating aspects of progress fuelled by rights-based action can be seen in the ongoing de-institutionalisation of children, many of them children with disabilities, around the world (Mulheir, 2012; Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2012).
Despite widespread acknowledgement of the special challenges of disability, gaps and omissions threaten the effectiveness of efforts to prioritise 'inclusive early child development' in the emergent post-2015 agenda. For example, children with disabilities merit less than a page of text in the 463-page Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report 2009 – although the report does recognise that 'disability is a significant source of inequality and marginalization in education' (p. 192). The report also laments that:
progress in recognizing disability as an area needing policy attention has been limited. Only ten of the twenty-eight education plans endorsed by the Fast Track Initiative between 2002 and 2006 included a strategy for children affected by disability. While 13 others mention disability, there is little detail of strategies for the inclusion of disabled children in education, and five make no mention at all.
(pp. 192–3)
The particular challenges and opportunities involved in addressing the needs and rights of young children with disabilities are well-articulated in recent publications (WHO, 2012a, 2012b; Denboba et al., 2014; Howgego et al., 2014; Woodhead, 2014). 'Inclusive early childhood development' is supported by 'triple-twin-tracking' – balancing universal with specialised services, balancing child-centred efforts with family-focused and community-based efforts, and integrating specialised early childhood knowledge with broader developmental frameworks (Levy et al., 2014).
Two examples of action
Two examples – one local, one global – illustrate promising ways forward in addressing the needs and rights of young children with disabilities. Feedback and mutual learning between such initiatives, a 'glocalisation' process elaborating good practice and evidence, reinforce the aforementioned transformative trends.
1 Ummeed Child Development Center
This is a nonprofit in Mumbai, India, set up in 2001 to provide services for children with developmental disabilities and their families. The WHO estimates that Mumbai has 650,000 children with developmental disabilities. Ummeed's Early Childhood Development and Disability training programme, set up in 2008 with usaid funding, targets high-risk communities through community health workers, who are trained through four, four-day modules spread over a year. Each module addresses a specific objective: promoting early childhood development using a family-centred approach (WHO, 2012c); fostering development using the Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) tool (Ertem et al., 2008); working with families of children with developmental delays or disabilities; and advocacy at a local level for families of children with disability. The programme is currently being implemented in three sites – one large urban slum, one rural and one semi-rural setting. To date, 60 community health workers have been trained.
The community health workers make home visits to every family with a child under three at least once a month. At each visit they work with the family, using a strengths-based approach to support families in promoting their child's development, and monitoring the child's development using the GMCD tool. When children are identified with developmental delays or with known risk factors (such as malnutrition or anaemia), the worker makes more frequent visits and facilitates referrals for specific concerns (for example, a hearing test for a child with suspected hearing loss). While the focus is always on the development of the young child, the family-centred approach also enables the addressing of risk factors such as maternal depression and domestic violence, which can be referred to local NGOs. Community health workers talk about early childhood development and disability in a range of community activities such as self-help groups for women, activities for mothers at local government daycare, celebrations for festivals, immunisation camps and other situations that bring young families together. They work with others in the community to identify and advocate for local resources for children with disabilities and their families.
Early results are encouraging in terms of early identification of children with disabilities, community engagement in and community identification of local resources. There is potential for the programme to scale via the government system and be replicated in other low-resource settings; in 2014, the Government of India launched a new ambitious programme, the National Child Health Programme (RBSK), with a mandate to address childhood disability. And now with recognition and support from Grand Challenges Canada1 this programme is strengthened by an innovative and vital North–South collaboration with global multisectoral partners.
2 The Global Partnership on Children with Disabilities
Founded in 2012 as a platform for advocacy and collective action, this growing multi-stakeholder coalition represents about 250 organisations, including international, national and local NGOS, disabled people's organisations, academia, youth, governments and the private sector. Its mission – 'to galvanize and coordinate global and national efforts towards inclusive development with a focus on children with disabilities' – is guided by a human rights approach, drawn mostly from the CRC and CRPD.
As the partnership's first wave of 'task forces' began work in education, nutrition, assistive technologies and humanitarian action2, it became clear that the cross-cutting perspectives of 'inclusive early childhood development' would enrich their deliberations and actions. The partnership's secretariat asked a network of advocates and experts convened by the Partnership for Early Childhood Development and Disability Rights to function as an Early Childhood Development Task Force. This now consists of 125 volunteers affiliated with over 50 organisations and hailing from 28 countries across nine regions.
Over the past two years, the activities of the task force have included:
(a) multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral teams responding to efforts in several nations to build more inclusive early childhood systems and interventions, replacing institutional care with comprehensive community-based services, enhancing primary health care with developmental paediatrics, and fostering rights-based transformations of human services. For instance, task force members are collaborating with UNICEF and government agencies to provide specialised foster care for infants with disabilities, who would previously have been institutionalised in detrimental 'baby homes'.
(b) designing, deploying and updating advocacy tools and documents such as Including Children with Disabilities: The early childhood imperative (UNESCO, 2009) and policy messages (EADSNE, N.D.).
(c) securing a foothold for 'inclusive early childhood development' in broader advocacy and awareness initiatives of the Global Partnership, and
(d) exploring synergies and collaborations among 'inclusive early childhood development' initiatives and the emergent field of global education diplomacy.
Ways forward and recommendations Considering the trends and examples articulated above, we offer these recommendations for moving forward.
• We join Halfon et al. (2012) in calling for: policymakers to strengthen existing data systems to advance understanding of the causes of childhood disabilities and guide the formulation of more strategic, responsive, and effective policies, programs, and interventions. (p. 13) Policy, research and children's well-being can and must be enhanced by designing and evaluating developmentally contextualised interventions (Wuermli et al., 2015). Progress depends upon sustained and systematic attention to improved epidemiology and statistical designs (UNICEF, 2014a) as well as analysis and reform of diverse governance structures. (Britto et al., 2014).
• We call on scientists and funders to reject the exclusion of disability matters from research. It is unfortunately and disappointingly common for even seminal articles in the field of early childhood to explicitly exclude children with specified forms of disability from consideration. While one might appreciate the limited and limiting scientific expediency of such a decision, one must also challenge the scientific community to better serve the needs and interests of all children, including those with disabilities.
• While we applaud the articulation of strong economic, scientific, social and rights-based advocacy tools by organisations such as UNICEF, we lament that at this crucial moment in identifying sustainable development targets, a key policy brief on young children would be promulgated without any mention of children with disabilities (UNICEF, 2014b). Moving forward we expect that greater priority and intentionality on inclusion will benefit all children (WHO, 2012b). Recognition of these gaps and omissions allows for cross-sectoral problem solving likely to enhance and even harmonise distinctive priorities in early child development, education, social protection, nutrition and health.
• With growing attention to new ways of investing in 'inclusive early childhood development,' such as social impact bonds and enhanced policy and governance (Gustafsson-Wright and Atinc, 2014), pushing cross-sectoral collaborative advantages to test and apply innovations must become a priority. We reinforce the message from Scherzer et al. (2012) to large funding organisations about the need to invest not just in child survival in low- and middle-income countries, but in the developmental outcomes of children who survive.
1 Grand Challenges Canada gives details of this project online at: http://www.grandchallenges.ca/grantee-stars/0727-03/#description (accessed April 2015).
2 More information about the Global Partnership on Children with Disabilities and its task forces can be found at http://www.gpcwd.org/early-childhood-development.html (accessed April 2015).
Aber, J.L., Lombardi, J., Klaus, S. and Campion, K. (2013). A New Global Development Goal for the World's Youngest Children. Commentary. Institute of Medicine, Washington DC. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/Global/Perspectives/2013/WorldsYoungestChildren (accessed April 2015).
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (2001). The new morbidity revisited: A renewed commitment to the psychosocial apects of pediatric care. Pediatrics 108: 1227–30.
Britto, P., Yoshikawa, H., Ravens, J., Ponguta, L.A., Reyes, M., Oh, S. et al. (2014). Strengthening systems for integrated early childhood development services: a cross-national analysis of governance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1308: 245–55.
Brown, S. and Guralnick, M. (2012). International human rights to early intervention for infants and young children with disabilities: tools for global advocacy. Infants and Young Children 25(4): 270–85.
Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J., Moon, S.H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E. and Pan, Y. (2014). Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science 343: 1478–85.
Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development Task Force for the Post–2015 Development Agenda. (2012). Key to quality Early Childhood Development. Available at: www.worldwewant2015.org/file/291323/download/315826 (accessed April 2015).
Denboba, A., Sayre, R., Wodon, Q.T., Elder, L.K., Rawlings, L.B. and Lombardi, J. (2014). Stepping up Early Childhood Development: Investing in young children for high returns. New York, NY: World Bank. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/21094/929880WP0Box380CD0Oct20140ENG0FINAL.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed April 2015).
Education for All (EFA). (2009). EFA Global Monitoring Report 2009. Overcoming inequality: Why governance matters. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/education/gmr2009/press/EFA_GMR_complet.pdf (accessed April 2015).
Engle, P.L., Fernald, L.C.H., Alderman, H., et al., and the Global Child Development Steering Group. (2011). Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet 378(9799: 1339–53.
Ertem, I.O., Dogan, D.G., Gok, C.G., Kizilates, S.U., Caliskan, A., Atay, G., et al. (2008). A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics 121(3): e581–e589
European Agency for Development of Special Needs Education (EADSNE) (n.d.) Early Childhood Intervention : Key Policy Messages. Available at: https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/early-childhood-intervention-key-policy-messages_ECI-policypaper-EN.pdf (accessed April 2015).
Gustafsson-Wright, E. and Atinc, T. (2014, online). Social impact bonds for early childhood development: making dollars and 'sense' in developing countries. Brookings Education and Development. Available at: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/education-plus-development/posts/2014/04/02-early-childhood-development-social-impact-bonds-gustafsson-wright-atinc (accessed April 2015).
Halfon, N., Houtrow, A., Larson, K. and Newacheck, P. (2012). The changing landscape of disability in childhood. Future of Children 22(1): 13–42.
Howgego, C., Miles, S., and Myers. J. (2014). Inclusive learning: Children with disabilities and difficulties in learning. Oxford: HEART. Available at: http://www.heart-resources.org/topic/inclusive-learning (accessed April 2015).
Institute of Medicine/National Research Council. (2014). The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally: Workshop Summary. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241460/?report=classic (accessed April 2015).
Lansdown, G. (2012). Using the Human Rights Framework to Promote the Rights of Children with Disabilities: An analysis of the synergies between CRC, CRPD and CEDAW. New York, NY: UNICEF.
Levy, M., Messner, L. and Wertlieb, D. (2014). Including Orphans and Vulnerable Children with Disabilities in Early Childhood Development Programs. Arlington, VA: aidstar-One. Available at: http://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/AIDSTAROne_ECDDisabilityTB_web.pdf (accessed April 2015).
Mulheir, G. (2012). Deinstitutionalization: a human rights priority for children with disabilities. Human Rights Review 9:117–37.
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (ohchr). (2012). The Rights of Vulnerable Children under the Age of Three: Ending their placement in institutional care. Available at: http://www.europe.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Children_under_3__webversion.pdf (acessed April 2015).
ReadyNation. (2015). Global Business Leaders Support Early Childhood Development: Creating the workforce of tomorrow through the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report. Available at: http://www.readynation.org/wp-content/uploads/ReadyNation-UN-Letter.pdf (accessed April 2015).
Save the Children. (2012). The Child Development Index 2012: Progress, challenges and inequality. London: Save the Children.
Scherzer, A., Chhagan, M., Kauchali, S. and Susser, E. (2012). Global perspective on early diagnosis and intervention for children with developmental delays and disabilities. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 54: 1079–84.
UNESCO. (2009). Inclusion of Children with Disabilities: The early childhood imperative. Policy Brief No. 46. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183156e.pdf (accessed April 2015).
UNICEF. (2014a). Strengthening Statistics on Children with Disabilities. New York, NY: UNICEF. Available at: http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/events/2014_summary_strengthening_statistics_shildren_with_disabilities.pdf (accessed April 2015).
UNICEF. (2014b). A Post-2015 World Fit for Children: Early childhood development – the foundation for sustainable development. New York, NY: UNICEF. Available at: (http://www.unicef.org/post2015/files/ECD_2pager_FINAL_web.pdf (accessed April 2015).
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Vargas-Baron, E. and Janson, U. (2009). Early Childhood Intervention, Special Education, and Inclusion: A focus on Belarus. New York, NY: UNICEF. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/ceecis/Belarus_English.pdf (accessed April 2015).
Weigt, G. (ed.). (2011). Inclusive Early Childhood Development: An underestimated component within poverty reduction. Bonn: Institute for Inclusive Development.
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Woodhead, M. (2014). Early Childhood Development: Delivering intersectoral policies, programmes. and services in low-resource settings. Oxford: HEART. Available at: http://www.heart-resources.org/topic/early-childhood-development (accessed April 2015).
Wuermli, A., Tubbs, C., Petersen, A. and Aber, J. (2015). Children and youth in low-and middle-income countries: toward an integrated developmental and intervention science. Child Development Perspectives 9(1): 61-66.
Yurima, N. and Charman, T. (2010). The prodrome of autism: early behavioral andbiological signs, regression, peri- and post-natal development and genetics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 51(4): 432–58.


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The good new is that the Israeli Government has announced that it will no longer keep the unilateral one-sided ceasefire.
The Israeli military said that since the cease-fire deal was to have gone into effect, Hamas had fired 123 rockets at Israel, one killing a civilian – the first Israeli fatality in the fighting. (Reuters)
That's because the Hamas Gazan Arab terrorists haven't taken a breath in their assault on Israel, launching missiles and mortars at our civilians. And another important reason is because there is no serious support for another useless ceasefire by the Israeli public.
The majority of the Israeli public is against a ceasefire with Hamas at this time, a poll conducted for Channel 2 News on Tuesday found. 53% of respondents said they opposed a ceasefire with Hamas, while 35% said they support it. 12% said they did not know or refused to answer. At the same time, a majority of respondents were pessimistic about Operation Protective Edge bringing an end to the rocket fire from Gaza. 92% said they believe that the operation will not end the rocket fire, and only 6% said that they believe that Hamas would stop the rocket fire after the operation. (Arutz 7)
The cycle of attacks, retaliation, ceasefire, improved terrorist weapons and then more attacks on Israeli civilians has been going on for more than a decade. The only change has been the expanded range of the Hamas Gazan Arab terrorist missile launchers. Today's Arab weapons reach a once unthinkably large swath of Israel, including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and beyond.
As my husband and I watched and listened carefully to the official announcements by Prime Minister Netanyahu, Minister of Defense Moshe (Bogie) Ya'alon and IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz that we would respond with even more force I was hoping to hear that the name of this "military operation" from the easily mocked "Operation Protective Edge," better suited for condoms, to something with more punch and determination, like "Finish Them Off."
Even Israel's strongly Left-slanted news couldn't find supporters for the ceasefire. Only the very extreme Left, like the Meretz party believes that we can negotiate a peace. That's the linchpin of their ideology. They refuse to recognize that the ultimate aim of not only Hamas but Fatah is Israel's destruction. And you can't negotiate peace with people who want you destroyed.
It's heartening to see that there are people in this world who recognize that Israel isn't at fault for the death of Gazan civilians. This cartoon says it all:


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I went to find Firecrests but pleased to say I found some Goldcrests.
First photo was taken out on the Marsh surrounding the Observatory and the second one in the Warden's Shed.
The Warden had just netted some and in the process of ringing them. First he measured, then blew their feathers back so to tell the amount of fat the bird has, put's bird in a polythene bag and weighs it, then rings it, straight outisde and away they go.
Beautiful little birds.
Fascinating watch close to and showed how dedicated the Warden is to his nature.
The Observatory is basically an end of terraced House right next to the Power Station.
Unlike RSPB it's very 'blast from the past'.
As a Member (£10 per year) you can use the Kitchen, tea and coffee there for you to make and an Oven should you want to cook something.
Next to that is a Dining Room, chat place.
There's also Dorms there at £10 per night.
Really is going back in time - loved it !!
Unlike some Reserves, you can just wander wherever you wish outside - and there's a lot of area to wander !!
Good day!


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Stay Healthy And Toxin-Free With Organic Chlorella Powder!
In today's world, there is no way anyone can live without any toxic elements in their system. No matter where you live you are bound to suffer from the pollution, heavy metals and harmful chemicals that are present everywhere. This is a huge problem especially in the urban areas where almost everyone is suffering from polluted air, harmful pesticides and mercury and metal laden sea foods. According to most food and health experts, the best way to fight such a systematic pollution is to use natural sources like chlorella which is highly effective in removing toxins from the body.
About The Nutritional Value
Chlorella is basically microscopic green algae full of nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, nucleic acids, amino acids, and a wide range of antioxidants. But if you want the best results then it is highly recommended that you avoid the commercially grown ones and opt for the organic chlorella products as they have a high nutrient value. The powder of chlorella is used by people all over the world because of its extraordinary nutritional value and the wide range of health benefits that it possesses. This particular unicellular microscopic algae is popular as a super green supplement that can provide you with incredible health benefits and multiple nutrients in a single serving.
Balancing The Body's pH
No matter how much one tries there is no escaping from the flavour enhancers, preservatives, and food colourings that enter into the body through water, seafood and even the green vegetables. All these toxins never really leave the body and are the main reasons behind those nasty headaches, lethargy, migraines, allergies and skin problems. These harmful elements create acidosis which encourages multiple diseases inside the body. But chlorella alkalises the entire body which means toxins are removed in a fast and safe manner.
Removing Toxins From The Blood
Along with the toxins, chlorophyll is also capable of removing moulds and cleansing the bowel. It even neutralizes the bad and harmful air that one breathes in which means it removes toxins and harmful chemicals from each and every part of the body. But the main reason why chlorella is considered to be a super green element is because it is not just a detox tool. There are so many other ways in which it can improve your health. The chlorophyll present in the algae also accelerates the processing of the oxygen in the body and promotes repair as well as the growth of the tissues.
Curing Severe Liver Conditions
The proteins from the chlorella bind to the harmful metals which make the process of removal easy and safe. Another unique element of this algae is that it has an incredibly high level of chlorophyll because of its intense green colour. The presence of chlorophyll makes it perfect for curing various liver conditions. Chlorophyll is also popular for cleansing the blood so if there are any kind of toxins in the blood, it will remove them easily. Not only this, the chlorophyll will also eliminate any kind of metabolic wastes that are found in the body tissues.
The Other Benefits Of The Incredible Algae
Chlorella is also widely appreciated because of its immunity boosting properties. It will not only make your immune system stronger but will also reduce the risk of cancer. Chlorella is also popular among the blood pressure and the blood sugar patients. It reduces the overall accumulated fat in the body and also improves the LDL cholesterol as well as triglyceride levels, which causes a notable reduction in both the diastolic and the systolic blood pressures. But if you want to maximise your benefits then it is highly advised that you try the chlorella powder instead of the other products that have extracts of the super green algae. You can easily mix the powder in smoothies, juices, protein drinks and even in your favourite meals and snacks!


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It is Finished . . . for now
Exams are in the bag for the fall. I wrote essays for a total of nine hours and twenty five mintues over the course of 3 exams. My right wrist is in excellent athletic condition right now (no jokes about that, please). I filled eight blue books.
Now I have 34 out of 89 credit hours behind me. And, for all that effort (and expense), I know just enough about -- Contracts, Property, Torts, Constitutional Law, Environmental Law, Civil Procedure, and Legal Research & Writing -- to be dangerous.
Next semester's courses include Criminal Law. This is the class that everyone assumes that all of the law is about: stuff like murder, rape, & kidnapping! It's the stuff you see on Court TV, though it's really a very small part of law & what lawyers in general do. It's also a very small part of what law school is about.
Anyhow, I'm going to go now put my brain (not to mention my wrist) on ice.


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AutoCodesOBDII Code ListP0200 BUICK
P0200 BUICK - Injector Circuit Malfunction
Forum Code
Possible causes
- Faulty fuel injector
- Fuel Injector harness is open or shorted
- Fuel injector circuit poor electrical connection
When is the code detected?
If the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) detects an incorrect voltage for the commanded state of the driver, a fuel injector control code will set.
Possible symptoms
- Engine Light ON (or Service Engine Soon Warning Light)
- Lack/Loss of Power
- The engine may be harder to start
- Engine hesitation
P0200 BUICK Description
Need more help?
Do you need more help with the P0200 Buick code? Ask a question to our users or find an automotive repair shop near you to help fix the OBDII code
P0200 BUICK CommentsHelp us improve AutoCodes.com. Leave a comment below or tell us if the information above help you fix the code. What are the symptoms on your vehicle for the P0200 Buick code? Have you replaced any parts?
Any information is appreciated. Thanks


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- Home
- Shop by Health Concerns
- Anxiety & Stress Relief
- Tranquilent 30 Tablets
Tranquilent 30 Tablets
Product Description
Existing Customers who have already been set up to order Sanesco can log in to see the pricing and place your orders.
New Customers, please call us at 888-337-0511 (303-845-1827) so we can set you up to order Sanesco products, and for a complimentary consultation with one of our practitioners. International customers can email us if calling is an issue.
We are in the office Monday through Friday, 7:30 to 3:00 Mountain Time.
Sanesco Tranquilent is a unique, chewable, raspberry-flavored formula providing support for both serotonin and GABA neurotransmitters.
- Provides serotonin support via 5-HTP, GABA support via Suntheanine and calming action via myo-inositol. Inositol has shown clinical efficacy in panic disorder, depression and OCD.
Additional Information:
- Tranquilent may be used for acute situations as well as over time for helping to rebalance the inhibitory system in children or adults who need lower doses.
- Tranquilent can be used for more rapid relief when anxiety support is needed. For sleep support it can be chewed or used sublingually to promote more rapid calming as well. It may be combined with SomniTR or Lentra when patients indicate problems with insomnia.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. If you are pregnant or nursing, please consult your healthcare professional before using this or any product. Keep out of the reach of children.
Additional Reading:
Articles and Research on Sanesco and Neurotransmitter Balance
Monograph: Managing Depression & Anxiety by R.W. Watkins, MD, MPH, FAAFP
Supplement Facts
Sanesco Tranquilent contains the following:
- Supplement Facts: Serving Size 1 chewable tablet, Servings per Container 30
- Myo-inositol 1,000 mg (inositol)
- L-theanine 25 mg (as Suntheanine)
- 5-hydroxytryptophan 20 mg (Griffonia simlicifolia) (seed)
- Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearic acid, natural and artificial raspberry flavor, natural flavors, vegetable magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and stevia extract
- Keep out of reach of children
This product does not contain wheat, gluten, yeast, soy protein, dairy, corn, artificial colors, sugars, or preservatives.
Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, or taking any medications, consult your clinician before use. Discontinue use and consult your clinician if any adverse reactions occur.
Recommended Use:
Chew one or more tablets daily, or as directed by your clinician.
*Doses are appropriate for use in the pediatric population.
Sanesco recommends assessment of neurotransmitter and adrenal hormone biomarkers with a non-invasive (urine and saliva) laboratory test, the Sanesco HPA Profile, prior to beginning this product. To learn more, contact us directly for additional information.
Other Details
Product ReviewsWrite Review
Works better than any medication I've tried!
Posted by Alyssa James on Sep 24th 2017
Tranquilent honestly saved my life! I used to be on hardcore anxiety meds that were addictive and terrible for my health until a friend recommended I try Tranquilent. It helps calm me and prevent panic attacks and gives me an overall sense of well-being without any negative side affects whatsoever. I definitely recommend it to anyone experiencing anxiety or depressive symptoms and I hope that more people learn about this amazing supplement.
Helps Calm
Posted by Susan M on Mar 12th 2017
I love this product, it helps me calm myself when I am feeling overwhelmed. I have given it to friends and they also enjoy the results. I am trying it on my 9 year old ADHA inattentive daughter now and hope it can help her manage her emotions and calm herself when she gets overwhelmed.
Works for people who need it
Posted by Melissa on Feb 3rd 2017
I've been giving this to my daughter since kindergarten and it definitely helps her. When she runs out, her emotions and aditude show it. I recently tried it for my son to see if it would help him focus and not be so forgetful but it made no difference for him. So it's worth trying and seeing if it helps. I will say they recently changed the flavor so it is all natural (which IS better) but my kids say now it leaves a not so great aftertaste. But they both took it fine. It isn't terrible.
Works great for my child
Posted by Unknown on Sep 20th 2016
I have a 10 yr old who has been taking this for 5 years. It helps her stay calm and be able to handle stressful situations. I have tried to take her off it over the years bc she is doing so well and it is expensive, but within a couple of weeks or less, I notice she is starting to be difficult again so I go back to it. She takes it twice a day now, when she was younger it was 3 x per day.
The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The products and information on this website are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.


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Deliveries to your site incur additional costs which depend on the number
of pavers ordered and the distance of your property from our factory.
When access permits, we will position the pallets on your property where
you would like them. However, in certain circumstances delivery to the
kerbside may be unavoidable. If the pallets are to be left on the nature
strip, a permit may be required. If in doubt, contact your local council
for advice.
After Delivery.
Once pavers have been delivered, we recommend that you take them off the
pallets as soon as is convenient. Please don't use a wheelbarrow to
move pavers around as this may inadvertently damage the pavers. Be careful
to protect the edges and top faces of pavers when moving and restacking
them. Handle your pavers with care, as they can develop hairline cracks,
chip, or break if dropped. If you restack the pavers, stack them neatly
on a stable and flat surface, with the 'top face' of a paver placed
on the 'top face' of another paver, and the 'underneath'
of one paver on the 'underneath' of another. Do not stack pavers
in a criss-cross pattern. This further minimizes the possibility of damage
to the pavers. Cover your pavers while they are being stored and waiting
to be laid, so as to protect them from the weather. Pavers that are stored
for extended periods may dry unevenly and this may cause shadowing and/or
other marks. Any marks or shadowing that occurs as a result of restacking
do not constitute a warranty claim.
When laying the pavers, take them randomly from different pallets (if
you have more than one pallet to choose from) in order to ensure a natural
blended look.
Please be mindful of the weight of the pavers. A paver measuring 500x500x40
weighs approximately 23 kgs. For your health and safety, we strongly recommend
that large pavers are handled by two people.
Laying pavers
With careful planning your project will run smoother.
We recommend the use of professional installers to lay your pavers. Please
view the installer's previous work as a guide to whether they are
suitable for your project.
If you would prefer to lay your own pavers please thoroughly research
the best options, methods and techniques appropriate to the individual
requirements of your site. The following guidelines may be used as a starting
point in your research.
The base
If the pavers are being laid as a driveway, the minimum Australian Standard
for the sub-base is at least 100mm thick 25 Mpa cured concrete with F72 mesh.
If the pavers are being laid as a pedestrian area, the recommended sub-base
is compacted crushed rock to a depth of 75mm. It would be preferable is
this was stabilized with cement.
Engineers' advice should always be sought when designing concrete
bases. Concrete foundations should include expansion and/or control joints.
Slope and Drainage
It is vitally important to have good drainage. A badly designed sub-base
can create water retention, which can cause weathering of the pavers.
Additionally, grouting solely with prepared sands may allow water to penetrate
and pool in both the sub-base and the joints which can cause efflorescence
and/or dark staining of the pavers.
Ensure that your outdoor flooring area is designed with rainwater run-off
as a priority. Good design means that water and moisture are not trapped
on the surface of the floor. This can be achieved with perfect levelness
and effective slope. If required, different drainage surfaces can be designed
into the floor field. If the drainage is not adequate dirt will build
up and saltpeter efflorescence and rings may develop.
Suggested gradients are >1% for small areas, and >2% for larger areas.
Mortar bed
Pavers should be laid on a bed of 4 parts sand, 1 part per 100 lime, 1
part cement mortar, 1 part water, and bonding agent. A typical mortar
bed is between 15-25 mm thick. Please ensure the sand is well graded and
washed. Use only enough fresh clean water to make the mix workable. Too
much water will decrease the strength of the mortar. The consistency of
the mortar mix is sufficient when the paver is placed on the screed it
does not settle. The surface of the mortar should be scored with a pattern
or marked lightly. This enhances the bonding of the mortar and the paver.
The mortar should be mixed thoroughly. It should not have any lumps, and
the material should be blended together completely. To achieve this result
a paddle mixer or a barrel cement mixer may be used.
Please ensure your cement is of a good quality. We recommend General Purpose
(GP) cement. Do NOT use blended cements. Follow the directions of the
manufacturer of your cement, and be aware that it is not recommended to
use cement products when the outside temperature is greater than 30°C.
Bonding slurry compound
Bonded slurry compound can be made with either cement and water, or cement
and bonding agent. Mix well and with only just enough water to create
a paste that is workable.
Placing pavers
Ensure that the concrete slab is also free of dust and debris. The slab
can be swept and hosed if required. Etching and bonding of the slab will
assist in eliminating dust and will increase adhesion.
Dampen the area of concrete where you are about to lay pavers.
Next place a 20mm thick layer of mortar mix on the concrete slab. Ensure
the mortar is evenly spread and that there are no voids.
Check that the base of the paver is clean. If necessary clean with a wire
brush to remove any dust or scale. Before placing any pavers you have
cut, rinse off any residue or sediment thoroughly. Failure to rinse off
residue or sediment may result in staining. Applying bonding agent to
the base of the paver will increase adhesion.
Carefully bed down the paver with a good quality rubber mallet. Use a White
mallet for light coloured pavers and a black one for darker colours. It
is vital to make sure that no air voids exist under the paver as these
may mean the paver is not fully supported and may cause the paver to not
adhere properly.
Tap the paver into place.
Fill any voids with a trowel. Remove and discard any excess mortar.
Using clean water and a clean sponge wipe the surface of the paver to remove
any excess material. Work cleanly.
Work in small controlled areas to ensure that the pavers are laid before
the mortar dries.
Cutting pavers
Ideally, pavers should be cut with a bench stone saw and a wet diamond
blade. Alternatively, a grinder with a diamond or masonry cutting blade
may also be used. Wash your paver immediately after cutting to avoid stains
that may be caused by the cutting paste.
Safety when cutting pavers
Respiratory, eye and ear protection are essential when cutting pavers.
Crystalline silica, a mineral found on earth, is a component of concrete.
Minute particles of this crystalline silica are present in concrete dust,
which is created when cutting pavers. Health issues may result from long
term exposure to these particles as a consequence of breathing them into
the lungs. Dust masks, safety goggles, and ear muffs should be worn when
cutting pavers.
Around swimming pools
It is recommended that pavers surrounding swimming pools are laid on concrete
slabs. This helps to prevent any differential movement that may occur
between the pool and the paving. Ensure that there is an expansion joint
between the pool coping and the paving, or the pool and the paving. A
sealer that is both anti-slip and penetrating should be used to seal all
areas around pools. This is especially important for areas around salt
water pools.
Expansion joints
In addition to the expansion joints around pools mentioned above, there
should be an expansion joint approximately every 4-5 metres. These should
match the existing joints of the underlying concrete slab and should be
placed as specified by engineers/contractors. The relevant Australian
standards should be adhered to at all times.
Expansion joints should not have any grout or mortar in them. Flexible
mastic can be used to fill the joint and keep dirt and debris out. For
further information regarding flexible mastic we recommend you consult
the manufacturer.
After laying pavers
Do not place any load on paved pedestrian areas for at least 48 hours.
Do not place any load on paved areas of where the pavers have been laid
with mortar on a concrete base for at least 3 weeks after the job has
been completed.
Pavers and grout joints should be wet prior to grouting. Etching and sealing
prior to grouting is recommended for ease of clean up. Please refer to
the following two sections for guidelines.
Grout your pavers with a stiff mix. Stiff mix can be made with washed sand
and cement in a ratio of 3:1, or you can use a grouting compound which
is pre-bagged.
This mix can be trowelled into joints, or you could use a grout gun or
alternatively a wet slurry mix. Joints to be grouted in this way should
be between 7-10mm.
Ensure that grout has no voids and that it extends along the entire depth
of the paver.
After using a squeegee to fill the joints, trowel away any excess.
Using clean water and a clean sponge, clean the paver. Remove all excess
grout. It is essential that ALL EXCESS GROUT MUST BE CLEANED FROM PAVERS
IMMEDIATELY. This avoids sticking or staining. Please be advised that
grouting sands and/or grouts that are polymer based may leave transparent
stains if they are not thoroughly removed when cleaning excess grout from pavers.
The colour of the grout can be adjusted by choosing white or grey cement
or adding oxide. We recommend that you always complete a small test area
first, to ensure the cured colour of the grout is appropriate.
When you have laid and grouted your pavers and the grout has cured, we
recommend you wash your pavers. We recommend that you work in small areas
of no more than 3 or 4 meters. Wash thoroughly as you go.
Sealing your pavers is optional. The advantage to sealing is that cleaning
pavers will be easier. Sealing will also provide some protection from
oil based stains. Ensure that all residue from the cleaning process has
been removed. When sealing pavers, we recommend the use of a high quality
penetrating sealer. If the pavers are around a pool, we recommend a penetrating
sealer that is anti-slip. For more information regarding sealers and the
process of sealing pavers please contact us.
Pavers from Premier Pavers are covered by a twelve month warranty against
faulty workmanship or materials. Warranty claims must be made in writing.
Premier Pavers' liability for any valid warranty claim is to replace
the defective paver/s. Consequential losses claims and/or liability that
relate to the delivery, replacement or relaying of pavers will not be
accepted by Premier Pavers. It is the purchaser's responsibility to
inspect all of the pavers after delivery. Discrepancies must be reported
within 2 working days. Small chipping and minor marks are not considered
defects as they are not structural. Pavers with variations in thickness
of +/- 3mm, deflection of +/- 2mm and/or excessive chipping may be subject
to a warranty claim.
Please note that as concrete pavers are made with naturally occurring materials,
there may be occasional variation in surface finish and/or colour.
This guideline is a collation of good installation procedures, however
it does not constitute a warranty, nor is it the only method possible
for the installation, finish and maintenance of pavers.
We recommend that this guideline is used alongside the relevant Australian
Standards. This guideline is provided in good faith and represents our
experience and knowledge.
This guideline does not take the place of the services and advice of professional
consultants and/or contractors.


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You see and hear a-lot about quality these days. It's important, though, to know the basis for a company's quality claims. There is quality born out of participation in a mandatory improvement process. And then there is quality born out of pride. Family pride.
Rainville-Carlson, Inc., was founded by Walter Rainville and Evar Carlson in 1924 and incorporated in 1927. They soon built an outstanding reputation as one of the premier roofing companies in a growing Twin Cities area.
Carl Johnson joined the company in 1934, establishing a family legacy that continues to this day. Through the years, Carl's grandson and great grandsons have maintained and built upon the Rainville-Carlson reputation for quality work and excellence in service.
Today, Rainville-Carlson is a leading union contractor in industrial and commercial roofing, sheet metal, heating ventilation and air conditioning throughout the Twin Cities metropolitan area.


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Languages Faculty
At Redborne, the Languages faculty is based in south school and consists of the French, German, Spanish and Latin departments. We have 12 teaching staff and a full time Curriculum Support Assistant (CSA).
In Years 10 and 11, students of all three MFL subjects are working towards their GCSE qualifications and these will be terminally assessed in the four language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing at the end of the course in year 11. Both the French and Spanish departments use the Edexcel examination board whilst the German and Latin departments use the AQA and WJEC examination boards respectively.
In the Sixth Form, our Year 12 and Year 13 students are preparing for their A level examinations where French and Spanish use the Edexcel examination board whilst German uses the AQA examination board.
The Languages faculty is proud to run a German exchange to Bavaria, German sixth form visit to Berlin and a Spanish immersion visit to Malaga in Spain. There are also Latin trips including one to Rome & Pompeii and we are looking into a French trip to France. In addition, there are opportunities for students to participate in sixth form work experience abroad.
- In Year 9, students may only continue with the language(s) that they have been studying