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This landmark book is the first to offer researchers and policymakers perspectives on developing a precise, scientifically valid system of defining, classifying, and measuring child maltreatment. Directly addressing the biggest barriers to research — lack of consistent definitions and measurement approaches — Child Abuse and Neglect is the result of two federally funded workshops that pooled the expertise of two dozen researchers. Together, these experts present a framework for conducting successful research, giving readers the information they need to
An indispensable resource for researchers and policymakers, this timely volume will help the field reach consensus on how to define and measure child maltreatment — and facilitate research that lays the groundwork for better prevention and treatment efforts.
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Foreword Edward Zigler
Foreword Catherine Nolan
I. Classification of Child Abuse and Neglect
II. Definition and Theory in Child Abuse and Neglect
III. Current Approaches to Measurement
IV. Social Policy Issues
Excerpted from Chapter 2 of Child Abuse and Neglect: Definitions, Classifications, and a Framework for Research, edited by Margaret M. Feerick, Ph.D., John F. Knutson, Ph.D., Penelope K. Trickett, Ph.D., and, Sally M. Flanzer, Ph.D.
Copyright © 2006 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
The author recognizes the research contributions of Purva Rawal in developing this chapter.
In 1991, Dr. Wade Horn, then Commissioner for the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), asked the National Academy of Sciences to develop a research agenda that could guide future studies of child maltreatment. Several factors prompted his request. The research community had long expressed interest in developing a synthesis of findings from the extensive research literature that had emerged since the passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 (PL 93–247). In addition, program staff within DHHS were concerned with the quality of the future child maltreatment research program. Their objective was to develop a set of programmatic research priorities that could offer protection against persistent congressional efforts to set aside, or "earmark," funds in the federal child abuse research program for special interest service delivery projects. Up to that time, child abuse and neglect research projects within the ACYF were largely responsive to immediate and programmatic information needs within the child protection and child welfare services practice community and were generally uninformed by conceptual or disciplinary frameworks. The result was a fragmentary and patchwork research field that had second-class status within the scientific community when compared with theory-driven research sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Furthermore, stakeholders within the federal government and the research community were hopeful that the development of a coherent rationale and research agenda on child maltreatment would lead to the expansion of funds available to support studies in the area.
The composition of the NRC panel was designed to mix researchers who had expertise in the field with others who could critique the quality and coherence of child abuse and neglect studies by comparing this research literature with other areas of child and family studies. The NRC panel conducted its work through a series of public and private deliberations, an extensive review of the research literature, the development of commissioned papers, and a survey of leading organizations in child maltreatment research.
The purpose of the panel was to perform a comprehensive examination of the theoretical and pragmatic research needs in the field of child abuse and neglect. More specifically, the study was designed to 1) review and assess research on child abuse and neglect, including work previously conducted by the ACYF and other public and private agencies; 2) identify research relevant to the child abuse and neglect field; and 3) outline research priorities for the upcoming decade. Research priorities that were identified included shaping building blocks for knowledge development in child maltreatment, finding new research avenues that could be funded by public and private agencies, and suggesting research areas within the field that might no longer be funding priorities.
The report of the panel, Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect (NRC, 1993), is now considered a landmark synthesis of child abuse and neglect research. It provided a foundation that has since guided many discussions about the importance of developing a common conceptual framework, research definitions, rigorous classification, and empirical measurement in the field of child maltreatment. The panel's study also represented a pivotal moment in shifting the field from a patchwork effort of applied research studies to a more cohesive set of activities striving to improve theory, instrumentation, measurement, and data collection efforts.
One result of the NRC panel's report was that the NIH and the Children's Bureau in the Administration on Children, Youth and Families convened two workshops focused on defining and classifying child abuse and neglect (the first in December 1999 and the second in September 2000) that were the inspiration for this book. Therefore, it is useful to reexamine the basic framework and approach adopted by the NRC panel and to consider their relevance for contemporary discussions of classification, theory, measurement, and definitions of child abuse and neglect.
The work of the NRC panel was inf luenced indirectly by other studies that were underway within the NRC in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1988, a consortium of federal agencies—the National Institute of Justice, the National Science Foundation, and the Centers for Disease Control—had asked the NAS to assess the state of scientific knowledge about violence, to consider the implications of that understanding for preventive interventions, and to design research and evaluation studies that could improve the understanding and the control of violence. In response, the NAS created the NRC Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior, chaired by sociologist Albert Reiss from Yale University. The Reiss panel eventually published a four-volume series of reports that included a summary report as well as a series of background papers commissioned by the committee (NRC, 1993/1994).
Although the activities of these two studies occurred at the same time, the two groups did not meet, nor did they share research materials. However, the conceptual framework that evolved from the Reiss panel was "in the air" at the time the Petersen panel was convening, and it helped to guide discussions that focused on how to move the field of child abuse away from an applied research orientation toward one that was grounded more firmly in theory, measurement, classification, and data. One important contribution from the Petersen panel was the recognition of the need for multiple classification schemes in addressing violent events as well as of the inherent limits of using administrative data records to guide empirical and scientific studies. Because research on child abuse and neglect had often depended (and continues to depend) on records from child protective and child welfare agencies rather than from population-based, longitudinal, or experimental studies, the need to disaggregate different types of child abuse and neglect into new categories based on a theory-driven classification scheme acquired central importance in the Petersen panel.
The studies on violence research and child abuse were the first in what would become a series of reports on other aspects of family violence published by the NRC. Subsequent publications included "Understanding Violence against Women" (1996); "Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs" (1998); and, in 2002, "Confronting Chronic Neglect: The Education and Training of Health Professionals on Family Violence." Each report had its own study committee, study sponsor, and study director, and each report considered separate research literatures. Nevertheless, the research literatures examined in these multiple reports showed a movement toward a gradual acceptance of the importance of conceptual frameworks and the need for stronger theory to guide the discovery of fundamental processes in the study of complex human behavior, parenting practices, and family systems.
Two influential lines of research were emerging within the child development literature that drew child maltreatment studies toward a broader ecological framework of parent–child interactions. The first, ecological systems theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979) and others, has had a profound inf luence on research in child development. Ecological systems theory, as described by Bronfenbrenner, asserts that child development occurs through a complex process of interactions between the immediate environment of the child and broader environmental layers, such as the family, school, church, community, and larger society and cultural norms. Development is shaped at the microsystem level by family and local community factors, at the mesosystem level by intermediate societal factors and institutions, and at the macrosystem level by national and global factors. Disruption at any one of these layers affects the others as well. Thus, child development is a complex interaction between the child's biology and proximal and distal environmental influences (Bronfenbrenner, 1979).
Second, studies of violence in the latter part of the 20th century moved toward an analysis of biobehavioral actions within social settings and studies of child development and parental caregiving. These shifts were inf luenced by transitions in new theories that sought to account for the role of social and cultural factors in human behavior and interpersonal relationships (Garbarino, 1977; Wolfe, 1991). Researchers began conceptualizing child maltreatment from a transactional perspective, in which factors associated with families, communities, and the larger society and culture acquired greater importance in examining processes that contributed to child maltreatment as well as child development. The result was a de-emphasis on personal factors, such as parental psychopathology, and greater attention to the examination of interactions among individual, family, and community stressors (Belsky, 1980; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993). The increasing level of sophistication in consideration of multiple causal pathways and processes was characteristic of other social policy studies at the time.
New paradigms were created to reconcile the nature and sources of aggression and violence in human relationships with emerging theory describing stages of child development, parental caregiving and disciplinary practices, and family interactions in coping with stress and conf lict. The result was a significant shift in both the field of violence research and the field of child development, away from a narrow focus on mechanistic models that isolated individual psychiatric and psychological factors toward a more expansive, yet still poorly conceptualized, approach that put greater emphasis on settings, cultural forces, and dynamics in child development and their role in multiple pathways to abuse and neglect (Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Wolfe, 1991). Greater research attention was devoted to understanding the role of risk and protective factors in the social environment; the processes of resiliency; and the ways in which the presence or absence of psychological, social, and cultural supports within the family and community help to mediate or inf luence certain types of stressful interactions involving care for children, particularly those who are young (Belsky, 1980; Egeland, Breitenbucher, & Rosenberg, 1980; Polansky, Gaudin, & Kilpatrick, 1992).
These and other research developments influenced the Petersen panel to adopt an ecological, developmental perspective in examining the etiology, incidence, and consequences of child maltreatment. For instance, Egeland et al. (1980) conducted a prospective study of the antecedents of child maltreatment in which they compared families that had been reported for child maltreatment with high-risk families that appeared to provide adequate levels of care. Results demonstrated that the association between risk level in families and whether children were maltreated was far from linear; in fact, many mothers who were considered high-risk for maltreating their children did not do so, and many incidents of maltreatment occurred among mothers judged to be at low risk (Egeland et al., 1980). This study demonstrated the complexity of the relationships among parental characteristics, environmental stressors, and the occurrence of child maltreatment.
The shift in research paradigms had profound implications for the definition and classification of child abuse and neglect experiences. In addition, recognition of the variations and gaps associated with legal and administrative definitions of child maltreatment emerged within policy and programmatic fields, fostering more receptivity to research-based definitions and measurement. However, the research field itself was changing and rearranging conceptual frameworks (Belsky, 1980; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993). For instance, Garbarino (1977) and Belsky (1980) created ecological models of child maltreatment based largely on Bronfenbrenner's work. Cicchetti and Lynch (1993) later created transactional and interactive models of child maltreatment, in which combinations of risk factors and protective factors were assumed to interact across all ecological levels to contribute to the occurrence of child maltreatment behaviors. The result of these new frameworks was greater ambiguity and confusion as to how to define the principal elements of abuse and neglect and how to align science-based definitions with legal standards and administrative records. However, this ambiguity should not be viewed as a step backwards. Indeed, it acted as a precursor to a deeper understanding of the critical elements of abuse and neglect, and it offered an opportunity to reframe definitions that could subsequently guide policy and practice by focusing on the most critical aspects of child maltreatment as well as those behaviors that might be most amenable to change.
One other body of research literature deserves mention here, although it did not receive major consideration in the NRC study on child abuse and neglect. In the mid-1980s, public health agencies on injury began to form more rigorous classification and definitional standards to improve the quality of surveillance and epidemiological studies of injury. In 1985, a NRC study, "Injury in America: A Continuing Public Health Program," summarized these efforts, recommending improving the systematic collection of injury data to strengthen prevention strategies. The report concluded, among other things, that significant uncertainties and gaps in the epidemiology of injury occurrence impeded scientific understanding of the causes and consequences of assaultive injuries. Most importantly for the child maltreatment field, the report recommended that funding for research on the prevention of injury and maltreatment of children should be proportionate to its status as the largest cause of death and disability in youth.
Recognizing that these four categories encompassed a broad range of behaviors, the NRC report "Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect" (1993) stated that although broad consensus might exist around extreme forms of child abuse and neglect (e.g., beatings, disfigurement, and sexual abuse), less severe manifestations presented more complicated issues with respect to definition and classification. Furthermore, a classification scheme by types of abuse might be useful for pragmatic or legal reasons, but it lacked the conceptual constructs that could help research studies differentiate the pathways to and outcomes associated with abuse and neglect. Co-occurrence of different types of maltreatment was common, blurring even the appearance of mutually exclusive sequelae by type. The "types of abuse" typology also provided little support in comparing research findings across studies or in explaining the sequence, timing, or relationship of maltreatment to other family processes and social behaviors. Therefore, the panel was searching for alternative frameworks and definitions that could address these limitations and help to improve data collection efforts that would strengthen the overall field of child abuse and neglect research.
In the absence of universal definitions of child abuse and neglect, different service sectors and the research community had developed separate and multiple criteria and classification frameworks for each of the four traditional categories of child maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional or psychological maltreatment. Definitions of child abuse and neglect were largely driven by state laws and regulations, creating inconsistencies and variations that impeded the use of standardized assessment instruments. Additional complications were associated with high caseloads and gaps in social services, inaccurate or incomplete information, and limited services for affected families (Hoaglin, Light, McPeek, Mosteller, & Stoto, 1982; Leventhal, 1990). The NRC report reviewed these approaches, indicating that although service-oriented definitions were necessary for delivery, practice, and policy purposes, they were characterized by fragmentation and inconsistencies that represented serious impediments to improving the quality of data and knowledge in this field. Medical and clinical definitions, social services definitions, and legal and judicial definitions are reviewed in the following sections.
Medical and Clinical Definitions
For decades, physicians had recognized child abuse and neglect as a disturbing and sometimes unique set of physical conditions, frequently characterized by fractures, burns, scars, other injuries, and parental deprivation of medical care. In the early 1990s, however, no universal medical definition of child abuse and neglect, much less of physical abuse per se, existed. If physicians thought in terms beyond injury and treatment, their classifications were likely to be hindered by state definitions that included ambiguous terms such as substantial, unjustified, and allowable (Johnson, 1990). Over time, health professionals acquired greater expertise through clinical experience and improved instrumentation in detecting signs of abuse or neglect. For example, in the case of "shaken baby syndrome," physicians began to search for physical signs of shaking (e.g., bruises, retinal hemorrhaging) and for more moderate symptoms, including poor feeding history or flu-like symptoms in the absence of diarrhea or fever (Palmer, 2000). Other tell-tale signs of abuse and/or neglect included discrepant or vague explanations of child injuries, delay in seeking care, a family crisis or history of abuse, trigger behaviors by the child, unrealistic expectations of the child by the parents (often involving personal hygiene, feeding, or emotional regulation), isolation of the family, and the parent's own history of abuse (Krugman, 1983).
In the area of sexual abuse, the medical literature focused predominantly on physical findings, such as chafing, abrasions, bruising of the inner thighs and genitalia, scarring in specific genital areas, and specific abnormalities of the hymen (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1991). According to a report published by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the presence of certain sexually transmitted diseases also often served as the first indicator of sexual abuse, especially among young children (Hammerschlag, 2001).
The NRC report indicated that although the medical diagnosis of child abuse had improved, especially in the area of physical abuse, research in this area was retrospective, clinical, and frequently derived from observation of individuals from one institution. A major shortcoming in the development of medical definitions of abuse was the absence of prospective and population-based studies that could describe the routine as well as extreme range of physical conditions that occur during the development of young children within different racial and ethnic groups. These physical conditions include sexual development and the array of injuries that may be particularly damaging at certain critical developmental periods for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, regardless of their origins.
Social Services Definitions
Most of the data associated with child maltreatment studies is derived from case records and administrative data collected by child protective services (CPS) and child welfare agencies. In the early 1990s, with support from Congress, NCCAN began a series of initiatives to standardize the application of definitions and classification guidelines within the child protection and child welfare administrative datasets and the state data collection systems that were used to track and report individual cases. These initiatives included the development of the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data Systems (NCANDS), the State Automated Child Welfare Information System, and, more recently, the Adoption Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (DHHS, 2006).
The development of standardized case definitions and classification criteria was challenged by the long-standing tradition of child protection and child welfare as a state-based responsibility within the United States. This fragmentation and the absence of a separate data system to guide scientific studies hampered progress in developing generalizable knowledge and theory. In seeking to upgrade the quality of state information and tracking systems, federal agencies needed to respect and accommodate significant variations in state law, reporting requirements, and administrative capacity at the local and county levels. Through a series of conferences and technical assistance and consensus-building efforts, the quality of the NCANDS data and the automated child protection and child welfare information systems began to improve; however, major shortcomings that continue to deter classification efforts still remain in the areas of incomplete or missing data, duplicated cases, and inconsistent reporting practices.
One important limitation in using administrative datasets to define and classify child abuse and neglect cases is the variation that is introduced by uncontrolled methods of case detection and selection into those datasets. The resource limitations within the child protection and child welfare fields contribute to case selection strategies that are comparable to the clinical bias that exists in medical settings. CPS samples rarely include mild forms of child maltreatment, because such cases are routinely screened out when physical evidence to support allegations is lacking. The frequency of contacts between social services agencies and poor children may contribute to overrepresentation of these populations in the CPS case records. As noted in the NRC report, regional or chronological differences in maltreatment rates may ref lect different patterns and standards of reporting and selection criteria as well as differences in agency resources, rather than true differences in underlying rates of occurrences of abuse and neglect.
Legal and Judicial Definitions
The NRC report also reviewed the role of legal and judicial standards in developing early definitions of child abuse and neglect. The panel noted that legislative acts, such as CAPTA (1974), began to broaden the study of prohibited behaviors by moving attention beyond the precise characteristics of abusive acts themselves to include greater consideration of their consequences for the child. Broader legal definitions of child abuse included emotional injury, neglect, lack of provision of medical services by parents, and factors damaging children's moral development, in addition to physical abuse (Cicchetti & Barnett, 1991). The Juvenile Justice Standards Project used three major categories to define child abuse: physical harm, emotional damage, and sexual abuse, with strict standards within each of the three categories (Wald, 1977). In the absence of empirical definitions, the law and the courts drew on evidentiary standards derived from legislative guidelines, professional opinion, and customary practice. These definitions were intended to guide legal interventions, not long-term treatment or prevention efforts or research studies, and their focus was often more stringent than the approaches used in medical, social services, or research settings, searching out the aspects of the report or event that made the best evidence for a successful prosecution.
For example, in the Juvenile Justice Standards Project (Wald, 1977), the following definitions were used:
Life Skills Progression (LSP)
By Wollesen, Linda, R.N., M. A.


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GENERAL. Applicant agrees to undertake and execute all blasting operations in a substantial and workmanlike manner, and to furnish all materials, tools, equipment and labor necessary, solely at applicant's expense, to properly complete the work required.
It is hereby distinctly understood and agreed that City has not executed a contract for performance of the work to be done in this project. City assumes no responsibility for terms of contract entered into between the applicant and the contractor so engaged or employed by the applicant.
TRAFFIC CONTROL. Applicant agrees to maintain traffic control as required by the Fire Marshal during demolition operations.
REPAIR OF DEFECTIVE OR DAMAGED PUBLIC WAY IMPROVEMENTS. Applicant agrees, upon written notice, to repair any damaged or defective public improvements caused as a result of the demolition work.
CODES, PERMITS. Applicant agrees to adhere to and comply with local, State and Federal laws, ordinances and regulations controlling or limiting in any way the construction or installation of the work, action of those engaged upon the work, or affecting the materials, or transportation in any way involving the work to be performed.
SITE CONDITIONS. Applicant agrees to be familiar with all conditions at the site in order to understand the problems involved in carrying out the work.
INSURANCE. Applicant agrees to obtain and maintain during the entire existence of this permit a comprehensive general liability policy of insurance with minimum coverage amounts of 1 million dollars. Said insurance shall provide for a minimum of 30-day prior written notice of cancellation to the City. On all such coverage, City shall be named as an additional insured. Applicant agrees to furnish certificates of insurance verifying such coverage.
INDEMNITY. Applicant agrees to indemnify, save harmless and defend City, its agents and employees, from all claims, mechanics claims, damages, actions cost, expense and charges, including attorney's fees, arising out of or by reason of Applicant's blasting operations.
NOTICE OF FIRING. At least one working day in advance of each blast, applicant agrees to notify the Fire Marshal's office of the date and time of the firing. Applicant understands that the presence of an inspector at the site may be condition of firing. (for purposes of notification, working days are Monday through Friday, excluding holidays) Telephone 801-799-4114
A. Permit Application At least two working days prior to the proposed blasting, permit applicant shall request a permit from the Fire Marshal's office. The application (appendix B) shall include the following:
1. Blaster name, certification, number, expiration date.
2. Company name, address, phone, after hours phone.
3. Project location.
4. Blasting plan to include:
a. Description of proposed blasting procedure desired results, quantity and type of explosives to be used.
b. Sketch of site showing measured distances to neighboring buildings, streets, and other facilities, area in which neighbors will be notified of the blasts.
5. Traffic control barricading and signing plan.
6. Date and time of blast.
7. Insurance certificate covering blasting operations, including Salt Lake City as additional insured, in the minimum amount of one million dollars ($1,000,000.00), to be determine at the time the permit is requested.
Failure to have all of the above information at the time of permit application will result in delays in processing the application, and may require postponement of the blasting date.
B. Annual or Project Permit For repeated blasts at one site for a quarry operation or a single project, an annual or project permit may be issued to cover all blasts within the permit period. All blasting covered under an annual permit must be at the same site. The permit is not transferable. The permit requires the same information listed in section 1 above. Additionally, the permit holder will do the following.
1. Notify the Fire Marshal's office on working day in advance of each blast.
2. Keep a file of each blasting plan available for inspection.
Notify the Fire Marshal's office of any charges of information given in the permit application.
C. Permit Fees. The following fees will be required at the time of filing for the permit. These are in addition to insurance certificate and performance bond costs (see fee schedule).
D. Appeal Procedure. If a permit application is denied by the Fire Marshal, the applicant may appeal the denial to the Mayor or the Mayor's designated agent. Such appeals should be in writing addressed to the Mayor of Salt Lake City. Mayor, at his/her option, may hold a hearing at which evidence is presented or may review the written materials in the file, along with all other information that the applicant and/ or City may wish to subject to the Mayor for his/her consideration. The decision of the Mayor shall be final and binding.
E. Insurance Certificate. A certificate of liability insurance naming Salt Lake City Corporation as additional insured will be required for all blasting permits. (see appendix c)
F. Inspector Duties. A fire department inspector may be assigned to monitor each blasting activity. The inspector and the City assume no responsibility nor liability for personal injury or property damage as a result of the blasting procedure.
G. Unexploded Charges. The blaster is responsible for either detonating or removing any unexploded charges in the event of unexploded charges. Federal procedures must be followed. The site is to remain cordoned off until the explosive material has been removed. If the material cannot be removed immediately, the fire departments must be notified.
H. Other permits. The blasting permit does not remove the requirements for obtaining and complying with other permits. For example, if the blasting is in the public right of way, a permit to do work in the public way must also be obtained a

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Using EZPay, you can review your student's dining account online and make a secure online payment. Your payment can be made through e-check, credit card or debit card. (There is a $2.00 convenience fee for using the online payment service.) Please use an online browser other than Internet Explorer to achieve the best user experience.
EZPay Access
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If you prefer to pay with cash or check, you may deliver or mail your payment to your school's food services department or to the Holy Family Food and Nutrition Services Department. If you send cash or a check with your child please place it in a sealed envelope and write your child's complete name, grade, and student ID or cafeteria name on the envelope. Cash is deposited into your child's account the same day it is received at the cafeteria. Note: If you are sending cash for more than one student please write each child's name, grade and school on the envelope.
Marie Miller Director of Food & Nutrition Services (563) 582-5456, Ext. 244 email@example.com
2005 Kane St., Dubuque IA 52001(563) 582-5456


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Professor William Siembieda Recognized as Distinguished Scholar
Professor William Siembieda of the City and Regional Planning Department is one of three recipients of the Distinguished Scholarship Award for his significant contribution to Cal Poly in the area of building safe and resilient communities.
Two events shaped Dr. Siembieda's current research agenda: formulating a Central America assistance program for people recovering from Hurricane Mitch, and preparing the State of California's Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. These events ask the same research question: how do we make the places where we live safer from natural hazard disasters? Dr. Siembieda does this through the design of methods and policies that help mitigate natural hazards impact, while increasing the resiliency of the built environment.
"Making cities safer from hazards means less damage to people's lives and to the built environment," says Siembieda. "I help lower disaster risk through resilient land use planning and informed public policy making."
His global work is on how to implement the best possible recovery and reconstruction outcomes after a large-scale disaster occurs. Locally, his focus is on resiliency and adaptation, making use planning policy decisions that result in risk reduction through partnerships between the civil society, the private sector, and government.


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I have mentioned before that I fell into my present career by accident. It is fair to say that I was not exactly a catch when it came to the graduate recruitment process. In fact, I went out of my way to discourage people from employing me.
At the time, I was determined that I wanted a career in retail management, despite the number of people who felt that I was entirely unsuited to it. All of my job applications were therefore for places on the graduate recruitment schemes of various high street stores or – for some reason – banks. I actually wasn't bad at getting interviews, it was the interviews themselves that I kept making a mess of.
The first one was, I think, with Debenhams. I know for sure that I set an immediate bad impression by showing up in a light grey suit, looking for all the world like an uglier, scruffier, speccier version of Don Johnson.
Then there was the interview with Dixons which I wrecked by insisting that employees should have a second chance before being sacked for stealing from the company, the one with Sainsbury's where I spent most of the time complaining about the places I had worked before, and the Royal Bank of Scotland one where I went completely the other way and was rejected for being too timid (remarkably, that was a second interview. I still have no idea what I did right at the first one).
In fact, the more I think about it, the more surprised I am that I have had a career at all.


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Oregon's neediest college students will be first in line for money though the state's largest grant program for low- and middle-income students this year.
That's a new thing.
State cash awarded through the Oregon Opportunity Grant historically went to "whoever got in line first," according to Bob Brew, director of the Higher Education Coordinating Commission's Office of Student Access and Completion. That meant students who were quick to fill out their Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application would jump to the front of the line as long as they were Oregon residents and had an adjusted annual gross family income of less than $70,000.
When state money allocated for the program was gone in a given year, it was gone.
"Lower-income students tended to apply later and not get the money," Brew said Friday.
State lawmakers did a couple things in 2015 to try and change that. They expanded the grant program, dedicating $140.9 million for the 2015-17 biennium, a nearly 24 percent increase over the previous two-year cycle. That expansion, Brew said, would allow an additional 16,000 students to receive grants. (About 40,000 students currently receive the Oregon Opportunity Grant, under a program created in 1971.)
Lawmakers also approved new rules to guarantee the neediest students who qualify for the program receive preferential treatment when the state distributes an estimated $72 million in aid for the 2016-17 school year.
Students who don't expect to receive any financial support from their family will move to the top of the list. But the administrative change could also mean some full-time students who had been receiving a maximum of $2,250 in state aide toward their tuition in recent years may learn they no longer qualify.
That dynamic has some administrators' attention.
"We want to make sure those students aren't further disenfranchised in their path to get a degree," said Hans Bernard, associate vice president for state and community affairs at the University of Oregon. Bernard said low-income students still face a funding gap if they qualify for the Federal Pell Grant and the state program. About 2,000 low-income UO students receive full tuition through the school's PathwayOregon program. UO said it wasn't clear how the grant changes would affect PathwayOregon students.
Despite expanding the grant program, potentially thousands of eligible students may lose out.
Brew said the state typically sends award letters to "twice as many people as we have money to fund." He likened that to an airline overselling seats: only about half of those who receive letters actually show up and enroll in college.
The grant expansion may also drive more students to enroll at community colleges. Those schools expect to see enrollment growth thanks to the newly created Oregon Promise, a tuition free program that offers "last dollar" financial aid for students who enroll in community colleges.
Historically, half of Oregon Opportunity Grant recipients used the money at the state's 17 community colleges, 40 percent went to one of the seven four-year public universities and the remaining 10 percent attended private schools.
Scott Gallagher, Portland Sate University spokesman, said the school had 1,968 students who received opportunity grants during the current academic year.
PSU expects to hear next week how many of its students qualified for grants.
-- Andrew Theen


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Today I will be reviewing a product from the brand which is one of the well known higher end brand whose blushes and every scented eye shadow palette is famous. And no doubt everyone loves them and it's none other than too faced. So, today too faced product that I will be reviewing is the melted matte lipstick. The lipstick place is going full of all liquid lipstick and too faced also has their own liquid lipstick but the melted matte lipstick is kind of liquid mousse or a kind of lip cream. It has 23 shades and today I will be reviewing about the shade "Child Star".
It cost for $21.00 for 7ml/0.23FlOz.
The packaging-
The product is packaged in a transparent glass tube with a golden lid which screws open. The tube is compact and fancy, it is travel-friendly. It is a stick applicator with angled edge that makes the application easy.
The product-
It contains avocado oil, vitamin E and hyaluronic filling spheres which promise to keep the lips moisturize.
Its texture is like a lip cream and also it is light weighted but one thing about this lipstick is that it do not give an opaque finish needs two to three coats for the opaque finish. This melted matte glides on your lip and dries out to an ultra-matte. As it promises to give a long wear throughout the day it does the job, also it is not transferable. The product has a strong smell of melted caramel.
The shade Child Star is a cool toned and gives a nude finish or look to the makeup. I am a warmer tone or with an olive tone and this color just wash off the look it is better to use the child star on a cooler tone or blue tone skin.
- Stay throughout the day (long wear).
- Travel-friendly packaging.
- Nontransferable.
- Matte finish.
- It doesn't feel the crack on the lips.
- Smell strong.
- Don't give out an opaque finish.
Would I recommend the too faced melted matte lipstick?
Yes, I do it is a great liquid lipstick on a decent prize.
Rating: 4/5


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A few things that seem to bug me about humans and monsters in undertale and I have a little theory. Well, I have many I think of when I start playing remixes of the game tracks but I am getting ahead of myself.
What if:
The Wizards that sealed away wanted to keep monsters from being weaponized. IE hybrids that can naturally use magic and being human would have a characteristic to handle a large supply of DETERMINATION than their non-monster counterparts.
But Why would the wizards not just kill off the monsters?
I have a few scenarios about this:
- Wizards were wise people and had strong heart and soul for them to use magic themselves… Maybe they were already hybrids themselves and sided with humans to save monsters.
- Wizards wanted to make sure all monsters were trapped and maybe in the effort to kill them all they could get away. The Spell made it impossible to get out so going to kill them would be a suicide mission.
- They already going to win, as humans killed monsters… they started to becoming dust-lust to become stronger by slaying these beasts. If some weaker ones were captured and used as breed stock they could use them as means to get stronger and lose more of their humanity.
Ok, but would species be unable to breed?
Normally I would agree with you on that front because it would be a matter of biology and it is unlikely with the knowledge we have at our fingertips. However, we are talking about magic and monsters looked different from each other. MAGIC would be the counter to this problem, it could make hybridization easy and maybe make some badass looking creatures. So the process could be done by a ritual as well.
Honestly, How strong are we talking here? There would be a drawback…
Yes, at first "They" might be weaker or not even possible. If a ritual unless its natural mutual affection for both parties. Maybe this could also be an unbalanced creature that could be a feral beast.
Maybe the Wizards were considering methods to stop and bring peace to both factions. However, there have to be some monsters still lurking around outside the barrier that humans have missed or can't find. The outright hatred still bought concern.
however, if a hybrid was very powerful and easy to get stronger by sheer DETERMINATION it could be possible to overrun humans and monster into relics of the past. Making it a Threat but this would be a problem for normal monsters as well as humans if this worst case was played. So it's possible the Wizards make a choice to seal them so maybe in the future they got free peace and balance would be ensured or humans would be too advanced to consider cross-breeding as an option or humans would have wiped each other off the world and monsters would have rebuilt the world as a fail-safe.
But that's just a Theory, A Undertale theory.
Thanks for Reading, If you have any input on this theory or want to share your own fill free to like a comment in the box below!
P.S.: Here some remixes I been listening to and if you like them go to youtube and give the original remixer some love.


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- Place a few cranberries and snips of greenery in a jar. Add water and drop a floating candle in the top. Add glamour by nestling them in some shiny bead garland or silvery icicles.
- Place fresh cranberries in a tall vase. Nestle a candle into the berries. Tie a pretty ribbon around the vase.
- Arrange three to five tiny votive candles on a plate with a rim. Surround them with fresh cranberries, whole nuts and acorns.
Glam Up Mother Nature for a Naturally Beautiful Holiday
How to Make a Gorgeous Fall Wreath
It has been way too long since I made and shared a DIY wreath project with you all. That is why I am a super stoked about today's simple, cheap tutorial - a gorgeous gilded wreath to adorn your front door. You are going to need just a few supplies and an hour to create your very own. Let's get started!
Plastic or foam pumpkins and gourds (I got mine for 50% off at Michaels)
Krylon Dual spray paint in metallic gold, or your favorite color
A wreath form, or cardboard with and scissors(I used a pizza box)
Hot glue gun and sticks
Ribbon to coordinate with your paint choice
Drop cloth or old sheet to protect surface from overspray
Begin by laying out your pumpkins on the drop cloth. This project is best done outside since you will be spray painting.
Spray pumpkins per instructions on can. Make sure you are using paint that has primer in it. If not, you will need to prime the pieces first. I love Krylon Dual because it has paint and primer in one. It is my go to product for spray painting.
Now for the wreath form. I showed you how to make your own from cardboard in this DIY Poinsettia Wreath tutorial. For this project, I wrapped the cardboard wreath form in duct tape for durability since I planned to hang the wreath outdoors.
Before attaching the painted, dry pumpkins, place the ribbon around the wreath. Hot glue it into place, then begin attaching pumpkins.
It's as easy as that!
TIP: For more cohesiveness, once all the pumpkins are in place, use the same spray paint to spray the wreath form where it is visible in the spaces.
For more of our festive wreaths, click:
Over 50 Pumpkin Recipes to Make
Botanical Specimen Art Free Printable
Today is another gem from my recent old book inheritence! This is a cool North American Wildflower botanical art print. Mine is sized 11x14, but you can resize as you wish. Just right click this thumbnail and the full resolution print will pop-up for you to print or edit as desired.
For tons more free printables, check out our site: Printable Decor
Free Printable Shell Specimen Art Trio
Today I am sharing with you this free printable shell speciment art trio I created, using images I found in an early 1920's flea market book. Mine are framed in Dollar Tree shadow boxes that came matted to fit 5x7 inch images. Who knew you could get such a thing for a mere dollar? I was pleasantly surprised! You really can't beat this $3 instant wall art deal. Get your downloads and spruce up your decor, coastal style.
To access the full resolution versions of the above thumbnail images: right click the image, then download or print the full res version that pops up in a new browser.
I printed mine with my Epson Artisan 837, on Premium Matte Presentation Paper. You can print 2 of the 5x7 files on one 8.5x11 sheet.
I am loving my new vignette for spring!
Stay tuned for a tutorial on how to scan images from old books and use them to create art prints in Photoshop! Not all books are public domain. Find out about what is o.k. to use in this great article: Public Domain Frequently Asked Questions. Keep your eyes peeled for old books on your junking and thrifting adventures for books published prior to 1923, and examine them for cool images to use in your graphic design projects!
If you love this style, check out our 50+ Coastal Decor Projects:
The 50 Plus Best Free Easter Printables
Valentine's Day is behind us, and Easter is rapidly approaching. Today, we are excited to share our favorite free printables with an Easter theme. You will find bunnies, scripture, flowers, eggs and crosses galore. Refresh those ink cartridges and get ready to spring-ify your crafts and decor, without hurting your pocketbook! As always, if you have a great Easter printable that we missed, leave us a link in the comments so we can include you!
Easy Budget Christmas Decor Ideas
This is a sponsored post written by me on behalf of At Home for IZEA. All opinions are 100% mine.
It is already December! Are you ready for holiday entertaining? I have to admit, we are not. We just got the keys to our new Colorado home on Tuesday. We've spent the last 6 months in corporate housing, which was basically like a hotel. Bring your clothes and toiletries and get comfy. Moving from Indiana, we got rid of 80% of our belongings, so we are starting fresh! There is a lot to be done in the way of home furnishings and decor around here, which is why I am so grateful to have discovered At Home Christmas Decor and more. Today I am focusing on holiday decor specifically, but that store has it all, and the prices are unbeatable.
When we first looked at this house before landing on a decision, this little nook caught my eye as a place I knew I'd have fun decorating! Think of the potential. It will be my go to spot for showcasing each season and holiday with a themed vignette.
My only complaint about At Home is that I seriously have a hard time narrowing things down with the 15 decorative themes of Christmas Decor.
Snowcapped Scene is my favorite. That is the reindeer I chose for my winter vignette, as well as the candle holder. I love the owls and St. Nicholas figures too. They are a matte, chalky distressed finish with metallic underneath. So pretty!
I couldn't resist these aged gold bells either. You will find them in the Heaven on Earth themed section, along with other beautiful, gilded gold decor.
Now we get to talk about my favorite finds from this At Home trip! This wreath is so beautiful, and you won't believe the price! I found mercury glass monogram ornaments for under $3 and displayed one in the center of the wreath, as you can see. The wood background is also from At Home, in their ridiculously huge and wonderful wall decor section. The barrel display table, you ask? Got it there too! I found a small one, seen here, and a larger one which I bought for a side table in our new living room. So cool! I love the combo of wood and rusty, galvanized metal.
I also found the distressed white medallion pictured here, knowing it would complete the scene perfectly!
My next stop? The Tree for Me area, where there are Christmas Trees to fit every style! We are entertaining here soon, and what holiday party is worthwhile absent a Christmas tree? We will be all decorated for the holidays, indoors and out, with the help of At Home. We may not have shower curtains or a coffee table before that happens, but we can get those there too!
Thanks for visiting. Be sure to stop by At Home's inspiration gallery and let us know your favorite style or piece!
Christmas Dining Room Table Scape with At Home
Easy DIY Graphic Christmas Ornaments
This post is brought to you by Plaid and Blueprint Social. All opinions are my own.
It is the most wonderful time of the year, and that means hands everywhere are covered in glitter and Mod Podge. Mine are no different. Yours shouldn't be either. I am here to help you out with that by sharing how to make these beautiful graphic holiday ornaments in just a few simple steps. Personalize them as great gifts and keepsake ornaments for your friends and loved ones that will be cherished for years to come. But wait, there is more...other awesome things about this project are the fact that it is super inexpensive to create, and features Plaid's new Mod Podge Pearl formula!
Mod Podge Pearl
Folk Art Multi-Surface Paint in your favorite holiday colors
Foam Brushes
White Christmas Ball Ornaments to decorate
White Tissue Paper
Alphabet or word stamps of your choice &/0r rub-on transfer letters
Empty bottle with small mouth to hold ball while drying
Masking Tape
Staz-On Black Ink Pad
Clean ornament with rubbing alcohol and lint free cloth and let dry. Tape off ornament top third or so and dip in multi-surface paint.
Shake and tape ornament to move paint around to cover entire surface of untaped portion of ball.
Is it just me, or does this look like dijon mustard?
Place ball as shown in empty bottle and let dry overnight or for several hours.
Apply rub-on transfer with craft stick. It is helpful to cut out the letter or word before applying so you aren't trying to maneuver a bulky sheet.
That is that for the color block ornaments. Now for the pearlized monogram ball...
Stamp desired letter onto white tissue with StazOn ink or other solvent based ink.
Tear letter out by hand to leave feathered borders (as opposed to cutting with scissors).
Paint entire ornament with a layer of pearl Mod Podge, place letter, then paint a layer of Mod Podge over the top of the tissue paper. Take care not to rip the monogram.Hang ornament to air dry. Add another coat of pearl finish Mod Podge and let dry.
That's it! Do you love the pearl finish? Of course you do. It is elegant with an aged feel. It looks great with the glittery gold and silver metallic finishes too.
Find more ideas and inspiration by visiting Plaid:
Plaid Website
50 Plus DIY Ways to Go Coastal
I am in summer project mode, and am sharing with you my favorite beach inspired decor and craft ideas from my creative cohorts. Ahhh, the beach! When you can't get there for real, going coastal with your home decor is the next best thing. If we missed your project, leave a link in the comments. Enjoy!


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We've reached the end of our study of James 1! There's been much to learn, believe, and do along the way. Just getting a grasp on what James says about trials, temptation, and faith can transform the way we view and live life! Today we're going to review what we've read and learned all month, and pray about what God wants us to do with that knowledge. This lesson may take […]Read More →
Category: Bible memorization
Thirty-Some Days in James 1, Day 35: Copy
What a rich chapter James 1 is, with so much encouragement for us all as we face the trials and temptations of life. James helps us understand that God is doing something good even when bad things happen to us. He also helps us realize that our response to trials determines whether we will move forward or backward in our spiritual growth. Will we trust God and mature, or will […]Read More →
Thirty-Some Days in James 1, Day 32: The True Test
If we're hearers of the Word but not doers, we deceive ourselves. We might be good at gathering information. We might be able to recite passage after passage that we know. But if we're not living what we know, if we're not doing what we hear, if we're not obeying what we read, we're deceiving ourselves. As James will assert later in his letter, faith without works is dead. Our "faith" is not genuine if we […]Read More →
Thirty-Some Days in James 1, Day 31: Blessed
When we hear (or read) God's Word but don't obey it, we're deceiving ourselves. We may know a lot, we may study our Bibles regularly, but we're lying to ourselves if we think we're excused from obeying the words of the Bible. We're not those described in the parable of the sower who "in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 28: The Implanted Word
God chose to give us birth through the word of truth. That calls for a casting away of our old sinful thoughts and practices, as we saw in our study on Day 27. As we cast away, we also accept or receive something else. That something is the word that God has planted in our hearts. Assignment: Pray, thanking God for the new life He has given you, and asking […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 27: Our Response
By God's choice, we've been brought forth by the word of truth to new life, set apart as His special people. That Word is what continues to guide and change us as we listen to it and obey. James tells us how to respond to that word that transforms and saves us. Assignment: Pray, asking God to give you a growing hunger for His Word and a growing, deepening, and […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 17: Love
James opens his letter, helping us see that God wants to bless us with growth and maturity when we encounter trials. "The trying of your faith works patience." Now, as we reach verse 12, we see once again that God wants to bless us through our trials, this time with future rewards. "…when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 14: Ask!
We circled the word if back on Day 7. At that time, we were looking for where the word was glaringly absent. We didn't find an if in verse 2, did we? James didn't tell us to count it all joy if we meet up with trials, because there's no ifs about trials. We are going to have them, and James assures us that God uses them for our good. Today we're going to look at one of the ifs that […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 13: Don't Give Up
God doesn't just tell us to consider it all joy when we're overcome by trials. He shows us how. We can look to Jesus when we face trials, when we want to give up, when we feel like no one cares and no one understands. We can look to Him for our example, and we can look to Him for our comfort. He understands, and He says to rejoice and be glad. Having endured […]Read More →
Thirty Days in James 1, Day 11: Looking to Jesus
We're told to have joy in our trials, but what does that word joy entail? Let's find out. Assignment: Pray, thanking God for these words from James that encourage us in the midst of trials. Pray, too, for a heart that is ready to hear what God wants to say to you so you can obey Him. Then read all of James 1, thinking about what you have been learning as you read. […]Read More →


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Apple's launch of the iPhone X didn't go exactly to plan following a live demo fail during the introduction of a key new feature.
A flustered Craig Federighi struggled to unlock the device while demonstrating Face ID, Apple's new facial recognition software.
"Unlocking it is as easy as looking at it and swiping up," he explained.
When it failed to unlock, he told the audience: "Let's try that again."
After being prompted to enter his passcode, Federighi was forced to grab a backup device to continue with the demonstration.
Twitter saw the funny side:
It already doesn't work pic.twitter.com/TWqp9hH0lF— Cindy (@cindychantelles) September 12, 2017
That's the new $1000.00 phone? Right...�� pic.twitter.com/r7Oqp1zy34— ��Miss New York�� (@rhonlirob) September 12, 2017
Hahahaha #FaceID failed during the keynote #AppleEventpic.twitter.com/gSV1cLYatJ— The Random Dude Josh (@TheRandomeDud3) September 12, 2017
Apple has ditched its Touch ID on the 10th anniversary premium device in favour of Face ID.
"Face ID is the future of how we unlock iPhones and protect sensitive information," say Apple.
As well as unlocking the device, the iPhone X's new Face ID can be used to authenticate Apple Pay and create the customisable animated emoji.
Apple says the 3D front-facing camera learns what users look like and is only inaccurate one in 1 million times.
'RIP home button': How the internet reacted to the iPhone X launch


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Deck Equipment
Swimming Pool Equipment
Looking for swimming pool equipment and supplies? We can help! At The Lifeguard Store, we're about so much more than swimwear, apparel and personal gear. We're also the web's favorite resource for swimming pool deck equipment, cleaning equipment, pool covers and test kits and more. Browse our huge selection and buy with us to keep your swimming pool safe and in perfect working order all season long.
Pool Deck Equipment at The Lifeguard Store
When it comes to selection, The Lifeguard Store is unbeatable. We carry:
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- Bleachers, benches and lifeguard chairs. Stay comfortable and get a great view during meets and at work with seating from The Lifeguard Store! Our seating options keep patrons and team members comfortable, while our lifeguard chairs give you the sturdy access you need to keep swimmers and patrons safe.
- Pool test kits, reagents, covers and vacuums. Water quality means the difference between a pool that's open for business and an empty pool deck. Order your essentials from The Lifeguard Store, including supplies made for commercial pools.
- Ropes, floats and life vests. The Lifeguard Store is your complete source for in-water equipment. Whether you need pool equipment for lanes or lessons, you'll love our selection.
- Clocks, thermometers, two-way radios and equipment for competition and training. Keep your swimmers working hard and your pool perfect for practice with equipment for swimming pool competition and training.
- Absolutely everything you need for the pool, period. From signs to storage to height measurement sticks, there isn't anything you can't find at The Lifeguard Store.
Customer Service
Shop with us and you'll get:
- Free shipping with orders over $75, or low $7.50 flat-rate shipping for less.
- Guaranteed low prices. Find it cheaper within 10 days and we'll refund the difference!
- Hassle-free shopping. Exchange or return your unused purchase within 60 days and get free replacement shipping or a full refund.
- Personalized service. We love our customers! Call, chat or email us for a speedy response.
Lifeguards Love The Lifeguard Store
The Lifeguard Store carries all the apparel, equipment and supplies every lifeguard needs at the pool and the beach.
Order today!
Slides and Recreation Equipment
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Competitive and Training Equipment
Rails, Stanchions and Ladders
Starting Blocks
Lifeguard Chairs
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Items 1-24 of 826
- Fillable Umbrella BaseSKU: PB14B$40.00 As low as $36.00
- Antiwave 50M 6" Disc Racing laneSKU: AW0609$845.00
- Tailwind X-Tall Lifeguard ChairSKU: XTLG540$2,125.00
- Chrome ThermometerSKU: 008$9.00 As low as $8.10
- Spectum 110 Vac PumpSKU: 10700$2,520.00
- Lifeguard UmbrellaSKU: 1100$77.45 As low as $69.71
- Hyalite ChairSKU: 20065$3,701.00 As low as $3,509.10
- Antiwave 20 Yard 4.75" Disc Racing LaneSKU: AW0601$292.64
- Antiwave 20 Yard Mini LanesSKU: AW0073C$175.00
- Access RampSKU: 28630$9,450.00 As low as $8,505.00
- Bitterroot I Blanket Storage SystemSKU: 50120$5,463.00 As low as $4,916.70
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- 9" Spa BrushSKU: BR365$13.00 As low as $11.70
- Dolphin H120SKU: 9999353-H120$4,495.00
- Seat Top Storage Box 72SKU: E-XL$904.40
- Pool Access ChairSKU: F-520SPPS-1$875.00
- Shot Clocks for use with SYS5 or SYS6SKU: SC$1,500.00 As low as $1,350.00
- Equipment TotemasterSKU: TE-2$265.00
- 500 Lifeguard ChairSKU: 2010$455.00
- 18" U-Style Diving FramesSKU: UF-18-102$168.00
- 12 Econoline 1 Meter StandSKU: E-CAT-1M-100$1,299.00
- Toddler Dock PlatformSKU: 82300$2,223.00
- Mikasa Mini Trainer BallSKU: W500$12.99 As low as $8.78
- Aquatic Floor Stands - YellowSKU: AFS-1001$132.00


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How to Make Your Face Thinner Fast (With Celebrity Before and After Pictures)
Maybe you've gained a little bit of weight, and you notice it in your face.
Maybe your cheeks are a bit fuller.
Maybe there's a little bit of a double chin showing or just extra skin there that you didn't notice before.
How do you actually lose weight just from your face, or your cheeks, or from your neck? That's what we're talking about in today's article.
How To Make Your Face Thinner Fast (in a Healthy Way)
First, case study #1: Oprah Winfrey.
Look at Oprah in the picture below. You can see in her bigger picture that there's the fullness in her face and neck. And even how her clothes fit her.
Look at the cheekbones and look underneath the jawline.
Then look at her after picture, and just focus on her face. There's a pretty big difference. But the only thing that actually happened was that she lost a little bit of weight— or in this case, probably a lot of weight.
But there was no secret methodology, mostly likely no facelift or anything cosmetic done, just a bit of weight loss.
Now, another person here is Gary Vaynerchuk. Take a look at him before. He commented that the first thing that he noticed about getting fitter was that he was so much more attractive than before. He said, "I wish I would have known this earlier."
Look at his face before when he was working 16 hours a day and not taking care of himself. Look at the fullness in his cheeks. Then check out the after picture below, where he lost 15-20 pounds.
Forgetting anything about his physical body other than looking at his face, take a look at the difference. Pretty amazing right?
He's 5-10 years older in the picture below, and besides the grey hair, looks much younger and more attractive.
And just to reiterate – that's just because he lost weight – there's less physical flesh, there's less mass and his jaw looks much more defined. In both men and women, the jaw will become more defined and look more attractive.
You could even look at Charlize Theron, who usually plays the seductress in movies for her beauty.
Look at the role she played in Monster, where she had to gain 35 pounds to play the role of a distraught prostitute. Look at the difference in her face in the before picture. It's really hard to believe that's Charlize Theron.
Look at the size of her cheeks, how puffy they are underneath. Look at the un-defined jawline and what overall lack of shape she has.
Then, take a look at the after "normal" picture below.
This is after the 35 pounds had been lost and she was back at a healthy weight. That's a massive difference, and she didn't do anything specifically for her face. The only thing she did was she lost weight.
Well, what should I really be doing then to make my face thinner?
Let's talk about the most important factors.
"Can You Make Your Face Thinner By Just Losing Fat In Your Face?"
Everyone asks me, "How do I lose weight in this area – like my face?" Generally, you can't really. It's called spot fat reduction.
As you get more toned up, you're going to start seeing better lines everywhere from your face to your butt, and all the way down to your ankles. You're going to lose weight throughout the body. It doesn't guarantee you'll lose weight evenly, throughout your body, because that's also affected by genetics.
The problem is where people store their fat. This sometimes depends on the gender, genetics, and even race.
Some people may store it more in their butt. They may be more pear shaped. Some people may get a lot of abdominal belly fat. Others may notice their arms and face ballooning before everything else.
But the truest path to a thinner face is just two things:
- Lose weight (here are 101 ideas for how to do that)
- Throw in weight bearing exercises for even more toning


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by Alex Dunn on January 14, 2016
Let's face it: Most people ignore the majority of sales and marketing messages you send to them. They scroll past ads whenever possible and are skeptical of anyone clearly trying to sell them something. People want to hear authentic stories from the real users of the product or service in question. Only then can they begin to trust all the other claims you are making.
That's why positive Amazon reviews dramatically increase ecommerce sales, and why a restaurant's popularity explodes when they achieve the coveted 5 star customer rating on Yelp. And according to iPreceptions 2011 report, It's also why customers are 63% more likely to make a purchase from a website that features customer reviews.
Written case studies have their place, but nothing's more effective than a video testimonial that effectively tells the success story in a concise but information rich and exciting way. Marketers utilizing video these days are growing revenue 49% faster than those who aren't, and 74% of those in the B2B industry swear by video content for increasing conversion rates. Buyers prefer a short and informative video, not a long .pdf – and who can blame them. (via the Vidyard blog)
Okay, so most of us already know that video is important for a marketing strategy. So why isn't everyone implementing video (specifically testimonials) full throttle? In our experience, it's because many B2B marketers still view the production of a high quality, engaging video testimonial as a complicated and cumbersome task. It seems like a lot of work on all fronts, and a big ask of their customer. Due to this perceived complication many marketers put it off or never even ask their customers, and sadly, what would have been an incredibly value piece of marketing content is never brought to life. Sure, the production of top notch video testimonials can be complicated, but it doesn't have to be.
At Skyscope, we've created a unique video production process that makes capturing customer content as painless, efficient and enjoyable as possible for everyone involved.
After producing over a hundred testimonials in 20+ states, we've learned a few things about how to make the process easier for our own customers and their testifying clients. From the moment of your initial inquiry to the final delivery, the entire video production process can take less than a month to complete, and has 3 simple phases. Watch our short video explaining how it works so you can be completely confident asking your client to participate and create a powerful testimonial video your sales and marketing team will go crazy for.
The average testimonial shoot can be completed with just 3 hours at your customer's office with our efficient video production team equipped with compact and cutting-edge video gear. All we need is a 30 minute calendar slot from the testifying customer you are featuring on camera, and we guarantee a positive, non-intrusive experience for your customer and the entire office.
The magic of a well produced, persuasive testimonial is that it reinforces and adds credibility to every single other marketing and sales claim you make. With great testimonials to support them, all of your marketing messages become more effective. If you like the idea of a top-notch testimonial but have always hesitated because you felt it was too complicated or too much to ask of your customer – well, no longer. When you're ready for a painless and professional customer testimonial, we'd love to hear from you.


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headmeatmonkeyon June 17, 2004 Link
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Don't bite the hand that feeds you Rather saw it off at the shoulder and bury the blade Incinerate the torsos and start a fresh page in the journal of life Your secrets hold little value when nobody is left to hear them
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Sealey 1, 2 and 4 Door Lockers - Sealey SL2D, This 2 door locker from Sealey is suitable for a variety of applications. Fitted with a hanging bar, ventilated doors and fitted with cylinder locks. Sealey SL2D Locker 2 Door
Thank you for visiting Sealey SL2D Locker 2 Door on shoppingfind.co.uk
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Leadership Living-Learning Community
Campbell Hall, College Avenue Campus
This leadership-centered community brings together students to share in a fun and engaging exploration of leadership and personal leadership development. Members of this community will work together to identify their own leadership styles and abilities, enhance their brand and presence, learn to think critically about leadership as a subject and will benefit from exclusive opportunities to connect with successful leaders working across a diverse array of fields. From fashion to finance, media to medicine, and politics to publishing----leaders working in challenging and dynamic organizations will share their stories and address your questions about what it means to lead in today's dynamic and complex world.
With a purposeful focus on developing leadership identities and transferable skills (regardless of intended career or field of study), this community will set its members on a path to be the next generation of Rutgers Leaders both on campus, in the local community, and beyond. Concepts will be taught in special courses, reinforced through experiences e.g. trips, and executed through practical application. Offering participants a myriad of experiences, connections, and opportunities to lead, members of this community can expect personal and professional development, and a network of friends and mentors to carry them throughout their time at Rutgers and beyond.
This community is a collaboration between the Residence Life, Department of Leadership & Experiential Learning and the School of Communication & Information. All activities and experiences are designed to enhance each students overall college experience and better prepare them for post-graduate success.
- Exclusive access to courses that are in high-demand including Approaches to Leadership and Public Speaking
- Fast track to the Leadership Certification through the School of Communication & Information
- Exclusive trips, such as to the United Nations
- A jumpstart to leadership exposure that may lead to future involvement and leadership positions held on campus
- Networking with visiting scholars, distinguished alumni, and business leaders through guest lecturers and field trips
- Early engagement and involvement with the Department of Leadership & Experiential Learning, including mentorship from staff and current leaders
- Access to leadership retreats, service-learning opportunities, alternative break trips, and hands-on experiences to develop and practice leadership
- In-depth and unique community building with a network of peers
- Guaranteed housing assignment in Campbell Hall on the College Avenue Campus
Open to first-year students affiliated with SAS, SEBS, and RBS and second-year students who have participated in the Leadership LLC in their first year.
Participation Requirements
- Full participation and engagement in all program experiences including events and trips sponsored by the Leadership Living-Learning Community
- Fall: Students will be enrolled in 2 classes:
- Intro to Communication and Information Processes (3 credits)
- Exclusive Leadership Experience (3 credits)
- Spring: Students will enroll in at least 1 of the course options, but are eligible to take all 3 courses:
- Approaches to Leadership (3 credits)
- Public Speaking (3 credits)
- Leadership Practicum (1.5 credits)
Students will be enrolled in exclusive sections of these classes. Registration will be guided by an advisor. All of these courses count towards the SC&I major. Fast track to the Leadership Specialization through School of Communication and Information!
Sample Syllabus for Exploring Leadership course. PLEASE NOTE: Syllabi and Instructors change over time, so this may not be the exact syllabus or course content that you will take as a future participant.
Sample Public Speaking Assignment
Sample Syllabus for a course available to students who choose to continue their Leadership LLC journey into their sophomore year, Advanced Explorations in Leadership! PLEASE NOTE: Syllabi and Instructors change over time, so this may not be the exact syllabus or course content that you will take as a future participant.
Mandatory Early Move-in and Special Orientation
Students enrolled in the program will get the added advantage of being able to move in early and participate in a special orientation program on Thursday, August 30, 2018. This will provide new students the chance get familiar with the bus system, find their classes in advance, and explore and adjust to the Rutgers campus.
Application Process
Incoming First-Year and Transfer Students:
Robyn Ginese
Director, Leadership & Experiential Learning
E-mail: email@example.com


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Palliative Medicine
The Palliative Medicine Service combines the art of caring with the science of medicine. Our multidisciplinary team provides comprehensive care to patients and families facing serious illnesses. The focus of care is on reducing pain and suffering while promoting comfort and quality of life.
Benefits of our service include:
- Management of physical symptoms
- Information-sharing and advance care planning
- Psychosocial and spiritual support
- Coordination of care including referral to appropriate care in the community
The Palliative Medicine team serves patients regardless of diagnosis or location in the hospital. We also offer outpatient consultations and follow-up clinic appointments.


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I was excited to receive the new Disney / Pixar #1 Animated Movie of the year: BRAVE last week to review and giveaway to one lucky reader {maybe it will be you – enter below!}. I had heard good things about this movie, and was excited to watch it and see for myself, what it was all about.
First off, the graphics, animation and colors in this movie, especially on Blu-Ray, are AMAZING. I don't see how they will ever be able to improve graphics/animation any better than where we are at today, so realistic!
From the BRAVE Press Release:
An original and thrilling journey set in the ancient and magical Highlands of Scotland, "Brave" follows the heroic journey of the headstrong, young adventurer Merida. Determined to carve her own path in life, Merida confronts tradition and defies an age-‐old custom that inadvertently unleashes chaos, and forces her to discover the true meaning of bravery.
This really isn't your typical princess movie from Disney. I was worried Lennox would be a little scared by this movie, as it does have its dark and creepy scenes but she seemed to be captivated by it. There were of course a few moments, where she just didn't want to watch, like when the bear is scary and roaring or the scene got dark. I think this will be a movie that she will enjoy as she gets a little older and it really is a movie for all ages. It is not too kid/princessy for adults, at all! Boys and girls a like should check out this movie.
BRAVE will be released on November 13, 2012 for everyone to purchase on Amazon.
So now for the fun part: Disney Pixar wants you to watch the movie as well! Just in time for the holiday season!
One lucky reader will win the Ultimate Collector's Edition BRAVE DVD Set. This set includes Blu-Ray + Blu-Ray 3D + DVD + Digital Copy + Bonus Blu-Ray DVD — There really is something for everyone.
To enter, complete the different entries below through the rafflecopter widget. This giveaway is open to US and Canada residents and will be open until 11:59 EST, Saturday November 10 2012. GOOD LUCK!
I was not compensated for this post but I did received a copy of this film to review. All opinions are 100% my own.


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Our 8:30 a.m. is a "classic" worship experience that includes the liturgy, hymnody, and creeds that have shaped the church through the years.
* Appropriate Dress is whatever you are comfortable wearing. God doesn't get hung up on what you wear; God only wants you to come and share this special time with Him and His family.


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Alliance has demonstrated that it is embracing Microsoft's cloud-first mindset to help state agencies and tribal nations transform the way they engage and support the needs of citizens. -- Michael Donlan, VP, U.S. State and Local Government, Microsoft
Dupont, Washington (PRWEB) August 18, 2016
Alliance Enterprises, Inc. was named the Microsoft Rising Star Partner of the Year in the state and local government sector, earning the honor by collaborating with Microsoft Corp. to significantly expand Alliance's cloud services in state agencies across the country.
The award, announced at the Microsoft Public Sector Industry Solutions University (ISU) event in Washington D.C. on August 9, recognizes Alliance's tremendous growth of cloud services among its customer base. The company safely and securely migrated seven of its state vocational rehabilitation clients to the Microsoft Azure Government cloud platform. Alliance provides continuous support, superior data protection and cost-effective cloud services to budget-minded agencies.
"We're thrilled that Microsoft recognized our company for the work we've done providing cloud services to our customers," said Chris M. Pieper, Chief Executive Officer, Alliance Enterprises. "We've seen how our customers have benefitted from Microsoft Azure Government, providing a rapid migration to a safer and secured environment and a cost-effective solution that enables maximum uptime and unmatched protection of customer data."
With a 35-year history of providing software solutions to the public sector, Alliance does know government. The company's case management software, called Aware®, is used by 12,000 counselors at vocational rehabilitation agencies in 35 state agencies and 24 tribal nations. The software helps 3 million Americans with disabilities each year obtain and maintain meaningful employment.
Alliance is a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner, with competencies in Cloud Platform, Application Development and Data Center services.
"Our award winners excel at providing our public sector customers with innovative and unique solutions built on the Microsoft platform," said Michael Donlan, vice president, U.S. State and Local Government, Microsoft. "Alliance has demonstrated that it is embracing Microsoft's cloud-first mindset to help state agencies and tribal nations transform the way they engage and support the needs of citizens."
Sven Akerman Jr., Alliance's Chief Technology Officer, said he looks forward, "to the exciting developments ahead with Microsoft. It's a successful collaboration that is going to get even stronger in the years to come as we work with Microsoft to provide our customers advanced capabilities like predictive analytics, machine learning and interoperability."
About Alliance Enterprises – Founded in 1981, Alliance has a rich history of developing and maintaining market leading software solutions for enterprise records management and goal management applications. Alliance's Aware solution is the number one choice for records management, data analytics and cloud services used by more than 12,000 rehabilitation service providers across 35 state agencies and 24 tribal nations. Alliance's goal management software, MyObjectives, helps self-directed teams achieve better outcomes by integrating goal achievement, engagement and gamification within a process that is rewarding and fun. For more information, visit http://www.allianceenterprises.com .