text: Hi All, Im wondering if anyone knows of a good generic theme thats free that I can use on hundreds of sub domains for my rental site scheme for different proffessions in my area. Basically for sites that you rank and rent out such as plumber.intownnamehere.com it would just be a generic template with an article about the service and a banner add or something nothing flash. If you can share what you use thatd be awesome. Im looking at using the following theme. http://wordpress.org/extend/themes/shell-lite I would change the text accordingly put their logo at the top and the image of the deer woud be a map of the town or something else. Do you think that would do the job? the big button would be their phone number. thanks

subset: commoncrawl


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HCG DIET PLAN Protocol..
Planned Interruption Day 7…
~ 156.7
PI Day 7 – Sunday..
I consumed a total of 1435 Calories. 23g Carbs. 102g Fat. 85g Protein.
Food Diary: M.O.P. (my own protocol)
B/fast: 2 Eggs with some leftover veg.
M/Tea: BP Tea
Lunch: Roast Pork Shoulder + Smoked Almonds
A'noon Cuppa: Atkins Endulge Mint Choc Crisp bar
Dinner: Bacon and 3 Eggs
Supper: Smoked Almonds
Emotionally : ok.
Physically: tiny tummy cramp at about 4:30am but it only lasted half an hour.
Mentally: headache early morning.
Dr prescribed: Livatone Plus. 1.2g Magnesium. Oxbile.
My additions: Cellgevity (glutathione). 4g Vit C. S-Boullardi.
Day to Day stuff: Resting. awesome UFC Fight Night for TUF 24 season.. luved that.. some great fights.. had a phone free day/weekend.. mainly cause I wasnt well.
I'm vlogging my daily experiences with HCG so if you are interested you can pop over to my You Tube Channel here 🙂
to keep reading… my Planned Interruption Day 8 (R2) is here…
A Free Copy of the HCG DIET PLAN by Dr A Simeon's is here…
For those of you who have not done any research you can discover how the Endocrinologist Dr Simeon's discovered this protocol and how it is safe to use in conjunction with the hCG hormone by getting a free copy of his thin book "Pounds and Inches" here.
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KABUL, Afghanistan – The United Nations has reported 600 civilian deaths in Afghanistan's war in the first quarter of this year, a marked decline from the same period last year, but says the number of civilians wounded in combat has risen.
The latest figures released by the U.N. mission on Sunday show 1,343 people were wounded during the first three months of 2016. Compared to the same period in 2015, civilian deaths are down by 13 percent but the number of wounded has risen by 11 percent.
The U.N. report says the highest number of casualties resulted from civilians being harmed during ground fighting. It says intensified fighting in populated areas caused a nearly 30 percent increase in child casualties and a 5 percent increase in casualties among women.


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1 (a). Is it right that the number of Senators has been reduced, thus limiting
the choice for Islanders as a whole to choose their political leaders?
1 (b). If no, what would you seek to do about it?
2. The States Pension age is going to be progressively increased over the next few years. Would you support legislation preventing employers from compulsorily retiring people who have not yet qualified for their pension, to prevent them being left without any income other than such welfare as they may qualify for?
3 (a). Would you support measures to stabilise the population at current levels?
3 (b). If not, how do think Jersey can accommodate further population growth?
4. Who will have your support to be the next Chief Minister?
5. Would you like Jersey to move towards a more progressive tax system?
6. Do you think GST should be retained in its present form, abolished, reduced or increased?
7 (a). Is Ministerial Government working the way it was envisaged?
7 (b) If not, what would you do to remedy the situation?
8. With the long-term stagnation of the housing market, the private rental sector is once again growing in importance. Would you support an overhaul of tenancy law to strike a fairer balance of rights and duties between residents and landlords?
9. Do you have a view on whether the extensive importation of UK Civil Service managers on short contracts is beneficial, or whether there should be more emphasis on career development for local civil servants?
10. Which, if any, public services would you like to see the States cutting?
11. Would you support increased Social Security contributions, ring fenced to protect future pension & health benefits, but not as a way of raising income for the Treasury.
M.J. Le Masurier St Brelades No 2:-
1a It was not right to reduce the Senators in this fashion. I agree with a reduction of States members but it needs to be achieved as part of a full review of the structure of government.
1 b. The electoral commission is looking at this issue. Subject to outcomes, I would be in favour of a full review, similar to Clothier but seek the agreement of all members beforehand to live with the outcomes, no matter what is proposed.
2.Yes. I like the idea of offering pensioners the opportunity of returning to the workplace to contribute as 'coaches' for the younger generation and pass on their skills. Granted, this isn't for all pensioners.
3.a Very much so. I believe we have to improve the productivity levels across the workforce so that locals can take on more responsibility, reducing the need for additional people from off Island. Also, allow locals to progress to top positions via compulsory succession planning.
3.b. See above. We will always need some expertise from off Island but I think the numbers could be dramatically reduced.
4. Whoever shows me that they are a caring and progressive individual with charismatic leadership qualities. It is too early to tell.
5.I'm not sure 20/20 is the answer. Middle Jersey needs help in the form of exemptions as they bear the largest burden in terms of taxation and other costs. I'd welcome a review of the tax contribution of 1.1 K residents to ensure fairness is maintained across all sectors of the community.
6. I think GST is harming local residents and there should be exemptions from the essentials of life. Explore other ways of closing the zero/10 shortfall rather then via GST.
7.a. No it isn't. Power lies in too few hands. It has to change and quickly.
7.b See 1.b
8. Yes, that seems reasonable.
9. Much of my life has been spent in the field of training & development. The civil service is large enough and diverse enough as it is without bringing in people from outside the Island, except in rare circumstances. More flexibility is needed to enable the workforce to move between sectors where needed and comprehensive training & development opportunities and career planning should exist to help them make that transition. Also, good succession planning is a necessity
10. No essential services but a phased reduction in management levels as any responsible business would do. Freeze pay awards for a period for the highly paid. Look at ways to 'share' or amalgamate departments and services.
11. Yes, the concept has merit, but not right now.
Steve Pallett – Constable:-
1 (a). No.
1(b). The decision has been made and I do not want to waste more States time redebating the issue. I want to wait for the independent review into the composition of the States Assembly before moving forward. I do however think the final make-up of the Assembly should be decided by the public through a referendum.
2. Yes, I would support legislation preventing employers from compulsorily retiring people before pension age.
3. Yes, because of the poor state of the island's economy and the number of local people unemployed.
4. Senator Ian le Marquand.
5. Yes
6. retained in its present form. No further increases until States spending has been brought under control.
7.(a). No
7.(b). Too much power in the hands of too few individuals. Make government more inclusive by increasing those involved in decision making. Possibly having two Assistant Ministers per Minister, each with more responsibility.
8. Yes.
9.more emphasis on career development. Grooming successors for senior civil servant roles. Less reliance on the importation of senior managers and consultants.
10. An overall cut in the level of States expenditure. Reduce staffing levels at major departments through natural wastage rather than compulsory redundancies. A moratorium on employing new staff above say a salary level of £70,00 unless a proven need, or unavailable from another States Department.
11. No.


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I need the money so I am lowering the prices in my previous post. The Pinol Baritone with pickup built in and case will be sold for $395 plus cost of shipping. The Ozark Mandolele will be sold for $475 plus shipping. If purchased together I have dropped price from previous 9900 to $775
This is a steal for these instruments but I need the money.


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Raid on Sherwood Peak
June 10, 2013
Decided last minute to head up to Ft. Bragg today for the Raid on Sherwood Peak, a relatively unknown race that started last year put on by Murphy Mack, whose is known for his refreshingly unusual and difficult events. It is a pure gravel grinder, a dirt road race with zero singletrack, about 50 miles with 6,000ft of climbing. Endless fireroads don't really appeal to me, but hey, a tough race in an area as beautiful as Mendocino? Sounded worth checking out.
Start line. Yep, about what I expected - maybe 25 people showed up, super informal and low key, and after a few words about safety (i.e. don't get lost or you probably won't ever be found), we were off into the misty rain.
I did a hard ride the day before to try and intentionally wear myself out for this race - I wanted to see how I'd respond to starting a tough race like this with tired legs. Good training for CTR as I'll be riding on tired legs for many days straight! Legs felt good at the start, and I was mixing it up with the front group for a while.
About 10 of us took a wrong turn and ended up doing an extra 3 miles or so. Still felt pretty good as we hit the start of the main climb, a long, 20 mile climb up to the top of 3,000ft Sherwood Peak. A couple people went off the front and I couldn't follow, as my legs were feeling the effort from the day before. Just tried to keep a steady pace and fight off boredom up the long climb - clouds and trees obscured most of the views and I was stuck just staring at a fireroad for a couple hours.
My view for most of the day
Finally got to the top, looking forward to bombing the downhill. Passed a couple people on cyclocross bikes and I thought I might be in 4th place. Not much else happened, I just pushed as hard as I could back to the finish line and came in at a bit over 4 hours for 4th place. Overall, definitely worth the trip up as Mendocino is beautiful and it was good training, but not necessarily my favorite type of event - more of a road race than mountain biking.
No comments posted.
January February March April May June July August September October November December


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PETA kills 89.4 percent of adoptable dogs and cats in its care during 2012
Recently the Center for Consumer Freedom (CCF) released its yearly report on People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' (PETA) shameful animal care record at its so-called pet shelter in its Norfolk, Va. headquarters. New records show PETA killed a staggering 89.4 percent of the adoptable pets in its care during 2012. Despite years of public outrage over its euthanasia program, the notorious animal rights group has continued killing adoptable dogs and cats at an average of over 30 pets per week.
According to records from the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, PETA killed 1,647 cats and dogs last year while placing just 19 in adoptive homes. Since 1998, a total of 29,398 pets have died at the hands of PETA workers.
"For the 14th year in a row, PETA leaders have shown yet again they don't care about the unlucky dogs and cats that come to its shelter for help," said J. Justin Wilson, CCF Senior Research Analyst. "The animal rights group is talking out of both sides of its mouth – on one side preaching its animal liberation agenda, while on the other signing the death warrant of over 89 percent of pets in its care. It's beyond hypocritical."
Visit: http://www.consumerfreedom.com/2013/02/peta-kills-89-4-percent-of-adoptable-dogs-and-cats-in-its-care-during-2012/


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Category Activities
In the Seychelles you will find a big choice of Restaurants serving fish and creole Cuisine.
La Scala
Kaz Kreol
The Boathouse
Nightlife in the Seychelles
Entrance in bars and nightclubs is strictly restricted to 18 years, no ID = no entrance.
Most nightclubs open their doors at 22:30 and run up to 03:00 to 04:30 in the morning, depending on the ambiance and day. Most of the locals are coming to the club later on from 01:00 am. Some nightclubs have some special offers on tickets, e.g. free entrance for ladies on Wednesdays in Katiolo or cheaper entry for gents, who come before midnight. Every weekend there are different themes and offers at the clubs, eg. each group of minimum 5 girls can get a free bottle of champagne, or enter for free before midnight or can even get free vodka shots. Often you will hear local artists featuring the DJ...


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American Legion Auxiliary
American Legion Auxiliary
Members of the American Legion Auxiliary No. 47 met recently at the VFW Hall, and John Miller with RSVP was a guest. President Linda Hendricks opened the meeting with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, a prayer, and the Auxiliary Preamble.
John Miller, Jefferson County coordinator for Retired and Senior Volunteers Program, explained the goal of the organization is to engage older individuals in volunteer efforts, using their experience and expertise to help nonprofit organizations in the community. At the same time, he learns of nonprofit organizations that need the help of volunteers. He currently has around 30 volunteers helping about 17 agencies and organizations. He distributed a RSVP brochure and a list of agencies that regularly need volunteers. Miller noted that a free supplementary insurance is provided for individuals while performing RSVP volunteer efforts.
Miller also noted a documentary about Fairfield by Dick DeAngelis will be shown Aug. 26-27, and that Fairfield Senior Citizen Center has thai chi at 11 a.m. on Thursdays; further information on that could be acquired by contacting the center.
Darlene Vorhies reported receipts for Poppy Days was over $2,500, a portion of which is shared with Department for Veterans Needs. A thank you was read from 2016 Girls Stater Anuja Pharasi; Pharasi served as a counselor at Girls State in 2017, along with two previous Fairfield Girls State representatives.
Shirley Kitch, treasurer, indicated a check is sent bimonthly to Department for Needs of Veterans at the VA Hospital in Iowa City; a thank you was read from Mary Littrell, State Auxiliary representative at the VA Hospital in Iowa City. A check was sent in memory of Alice Kessel; a thank you was read from the Kessel family.
A donation of $496.10 was received from First National Bank June Jeans Friday project to assist with funds to bring The Wall That Heals to Fairfield. Items donated for The Wall project were sold by silent auction by The Arc during the Greater Jefferson County Fair, which brought in $300; Sharon Coffin made bids sheets for the auxiliary. Since the recent meeting, a donation was received from The Cambridge Foundation to help fund hosting The Wall That Heals.
During the May auxiliary meeting, Lyle Maudlin and Ernie Riepe spoke about support of the Freedom Rock of Jefferson County, noting a rock has been found and a location on the Jefferson County Courthouse grounds has been approved. Maudlin and Riepe expect $7,000 to $8,000 will be needed, which would include the expected cost of $6,000 to paint the rock.
The auxiliary will meet next on Sept. 20 at the VFW Hall. For information about this meeting or the auxiliary, can contact President Linda Hendricks at 472-6188.


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C W Sellors Necklace
Alice In Wonderland Pendant Welcome To Wonderland PUNQ0003738
This oval pendant features the words 'Welcome to wonderland'. An oval piece of rose quartz has been mounted over the top of the words to create a mysterious feel to the item. The pendant looks great styled on a longer chain.
The chain is not included in the price.
Size: 33 x 24mm
Materials: sterling silver and rose quartz
Supplier Model No. PUNQ0003738
Collection Alice In WonderLand
Gemstone Rose Quartz
Metal Sterling Silver
Packaging C W Sellors Luxury
Gender Ladies
We offer Free UK next day delivery on orders over £50, in stock items will be sent the same day when ordered before 4pm. All our items are dispatched using a Royal Mail tracked signed for service.
We do offer shipping worldwide, charges will be calculated in the checkout for deliveries outside of the UK.
For more information about our delivery services available, contact us on 01335 453453 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Loan amount:
Repayment Terms


text:
|Granger, Ind.
|High School (Prev. School)
2017 Horizon League Indoor All-League Team
2017 (Cross Country): Did not race for Valpo this season.
2017 (Track): Enjoyed his season-best time in the indoor one mile run on Jan. 28, a 4:23.19 ... Had the team's best time of the season in the indoor 3,000m run, an 8:46.86 on Feb. 17 ... Posted his best outdoor 1,500m run time of the season on April 15, clocking in at 3:59.12 ... Had the team's best outdoor 5,000m run of the year on April 22 at 14:59.01, which ranks fourth in program history and was Valpo's best time in that event since 2003 ... Member of the indoor distance medley relay team that turned in a 10:06.59, the second-fastest time in program history, winning the Horizon League Indoor Championship.
2016 (Track): Had his top indoor 1 mile run of the season on Jan. 15, going 4:41.93 ... Had his personal best in the 3,000m run on Feb. 13 at 9:26.83 ... Turned in a 4:19 in the 1500m at the Horizon League Outdoor Championships ... Posted a 16:56 in the 5,000m on May 26, his top outdoor time in that event.
2015 (Cross Country): Ran in five races in his first season as a Crusader ... opened career with time of 21:08.4 over 6K course at Crusader Open, finishing in 18th place ... ran best 8K time of the season at Bradley, covering the course in 28:08.0.
Athletics-Recreation Center (ARC)
1009 Union Street
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Staff Directory


text:
Honorata Mazepus
Assistant professor
- Name
- Dr. H. Mazepus
- Telephone
- +31 70 800 9159
- firstname.lastname@example.com
Honorata Mazepus is a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Public Administration working on the EU-STRAT project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
In her PhD dissertation What makes authorities legitimate in the eyes of citizens? An investigation of perceived legitimacy in different political regimes she tested the effect of different factors on perceived legitimacy of authorities as well as compared conceptions of legitimacy held by citizens socialized in different political regimes. For this project, she conducted surveys with vignette experiments in Russia (a post-communist hybrid regime with authoritarian tendencies), Ukraine (a post-communist hybrid regime in crisis), Poland (post-communist new democracy), and the Netherlands, and France (old democracies).
Dr. Mazepus obtained an MA degree in International Relations (Eastern/Russian Studies) from Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan (Poland) in 2009, an MSc degree in Social Science Research Methods (Politics) from the University of Bristol (UK) in 2011, and a PhD in Humanities from Leiden University in 2016.
Teaching activities
- Russia and the World, International Organisation, MSc, 2016 (full course)
- Introduction to International Relations & Diplomacy, Leiden University College, BA 2016 (full course)
- Statistics (level 2), Political Science, BA 2016 (tutorials)
- International Politics 2: Theory and Practice, Political Science, BA, 2015 (tutorials)
- Comparative Analysis of Political Systems, Political Science, BA, 2015 (tutorials)
- Russian Politics, Russian Studies, BA, 2012 (full course)
- Configuring the World, International Studies, BA, 2012 (online tutorials)
CV and publications
Assistant professor
- Faculty Governance and Global Affairs
- Institute Security and Global Affairs
Work addressWijnhaven Building
Turfmarkt 99
2511 DP Den Haag
Room number 4.02


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Not a Near Death Experience: A Shared Death Experience
Despite the fact that I'm a skeptical person, I had a supernatural and profound experience with death. Not a near death; a shared death. Let me tell you what happened.
Like many nurses, I've witnessed many deaths. I've seen patients go suddenly, and seen some hang on, only to pass when a particular family member arrived- and even while still deeply unresponsive.
I've left a shift with a patient barely hanging on, and said good-bye- and amazingly, they were still there the next morning when I returned. I've seen enough to know you can never predict the time of death although there are signs when the end is near.
These things I know. But what happened to me last week is something I didn't know and had never heard of before. Naturally skeptical, I wouldn't have believed it if it hadn't happened to me.
I've heard of near death experiences, but I have never heard of a shared death experience- until it happened to me a week ago. It was profound and indescribable but here's my best effort.
The Background
My ex-husband and I had been married for nine years and divorced for over thirty. I had wanted the divorce. We had both re-married, but he had never really let go, and believed that he and I would get back together someday. I didn't have the same feelings, and we hadn't talked in years.
This past year he had been in a wheelchair and most recently in a nursing home.
It was a Saturday, and with the help of the nursing staff, he ate breakfast and then lunch as usual.
Later that afternoon, his favorite nursing assistant sat at his bedside and shared Cheetos from a bag with him, joking and laughing.
Mid-afternoon, our daughter Jessica visited and unexpectedly found him suddenly unresponsive, still with orange Cheetos powder dust on his fingers, but with his eyes closed and not responding when she talked to him.
Jessica called the nurse in who checked his blood pressure. It was 70/45 with a heart rate of 130. Jessica texted me from the nursing home and I immediately thought sepsis. He had a large pressure injury and had lost so much weight in the past two years.
Within the hour a hospice nurse arrived and said that a form must be filled out, a DNR. Jessica protested "But he's already a DNR. I signed this form in the hospital, and I'm his power of attorney."
"I'm sure you did, and I'm sorry, I don't know what happened, but you need to sign it now or we'll have to call an ambulance and transport him to the hospital"
That evening, everyone went to say their good-byes, pray with him, play his favorite music...but finally everyone left to go home. Through it all he remained peaceful and unresponsive. Each ragged and irregular breath seemed like his last. When they left, his blood pressure was 60/30.
The next morning everyone woke up and checked their cell phones, surprised there had been no calls from the nursing home.
We decided I would go take the grandchildren to the movies and Jessica would go to the bedside.
Jessica sat with him for hours, while he continued to breathe. Meanwhile....
At the Movies
At the movies, we settled in to watch an action film complete with a teen-age heartthrob and a romantic sub-plot. It turned out to be a perfect escape from reality. Until halfway through the movie, that is.
A distracting impression came to me "Something's happening. His condition is changing. He's going."
I pushed the thought away as imagination, but it was hard to ignore. I felt like I was being asked to do something. I hesitated and almost said no...but then said yes.
I closed my eyes and the movie theater disappeared. I was with him in a different time and space. There was no sound. I could see him, or the essence of him, to my left.
He was wrapped like a mummy, with only his head uncovered. His features were not clear, like an image in an old mirror and with a sepia filter. The outer layers of fabric around his form were loose and flowing, a linen-like material but more flowy. It had no end- the fabric just merged into the dark background space around him.
He was moving upwards to the light above his head. I looked at it. A beautiful, diffuse light that was more than light-it was a place, a space, an energy. It was freedom and release and forgiveness and acceptance. I was glimpsing eternity.
He was saying "I have to go. I can't hang on" not in voice or words but clearly and to me. More clear than voice or words, a knowing.
Then I understood I was there to help him pass. He had to go and somehow I was part of it. My spirit surged and I sent my energy to help propel his spirit upwards. To pass. "It's good, yes, go. Go in peace".
It was the most profound, indescribable and most peaceful feeling I have ever, ever experienced.
Then it was over.
The movie came back, the smell of popcorn and the noise returned- the now very annoying, intrusive sounds of a scene with car squeals and gunshots.
Did this just happen? Had I imagined it all? Projected the vision? No one would believe me, and I wasn't sure I believed it.
Time: 1:32
I needed to know the time. I reached inside my purse for my phone, shielding the light from my granddaughters on either side of me. It was 1:32. Time of death: 1:32. I pictured a doctor or trained nurse coming in soon to declare the time of death and knew they would be wrong. Because I knew. The time of death was 1:32.
I decided to text my daughter at the bedside. But what should I text?
"Your dad just died"? No." Did your Dad just die?" No.
I texted simply "Weird feeling" to send out a feeler. Immediately her response came back "I think he just died".
"I know" I texted back "I felt it". Felt? What an insufficient word for what had just happened. I realized how hard this was going to be to tell anyone. It transcended words.
Time: 1:34
I looked again at the time. 1:34.
She texted me again: "I haven't called the nurse yet. Don't tell the kids."
Later Jessica would share with me "He opened his eyes just before he died and his lips moved." To which I thought, "Yes, I know. My eyes were opened as well."
I was humbled that somehow I was included in his passing. Humbled because I was chosen (?) allowed? to witness his passing. To glimpse eternity as a mere mortal.
I am less skeptical and not afraid of death. I want to share my story to help others who may have had similar experiences and I hope it gives comfort.
Best wishes,
Nurse BethLast edit by tnbutterfly on Jun 15, '18
About Nurse Beth, MSN, RN
Nurse Beth blogs at nursecode.com
Joined: Mar '07; Posts: 1,448; Likes: 4,328Jul 22, '17"No one would believe me, and I wasn't sure I believed it".
I believe you.
The death of someone close and immensely loved still stings over a year later - thank you for helping me (still trying to come terms with, and make sense of it) through your own experience.
I'm also real sorry about the illness, decline and premature death of your ex husband. I hope your family is able to find some peace due to his loss soon.Jul 22, '17Oh Wow!
Some bonds last long after we think they are broken.
I had a similar experience with my ex-spouses death. The person was the love of my life. The marriage was the nightmare. We divorced and my spouse died 18 years later.
I was driving home from work. It was around 9:00 am. The radio was playing a song I used to sing to myself when things went really bad early into the marriage. Suddenly all the emotions came back and I found myself sobbing and crying out aloud in the car. Later that day I found my ex passed away that time.Jul 22, '17Hello nurse Beth. What an incredible experience, thank you for sharing. I think life in all its forms is miraculous and precious. For your former special person to share his cross over to the next existence with you I think is so powerful.
Rod, RNJul 22, '17I couldn't hold back the tears as I read this narrative as well as the comments. What an experience. Somehow I felt some emotion of regrets. I don't know why but I think it could be because I had put myself in the writer's shoes and wished I hadn't parted with my husband if I knew we would share such bond.Jul 22, '17Dear Nurse Beth,
I am go glad that you took the initiative (and perhaps risk) to share your experience. I feel gratitude knowing that your share will help other's who may have pre-determined ideas about the so called "here-after." My awareness of these accounts has helped me better accept the passing of loved ones because I feel more secure in the knowledge that there is more to "this life" than meets the eye. While we may not always perceive it based on temporal situations and circumstances in this life, the Universe is a place of Love and connectedness. We can participate in this Love and connectedness anytime.
God Bless You and Yours...Jul 22, '17This happened to me and my brothers when my MOM passed 2 years ago. We all had different "Feelings" at 545 in the morning. My mom passed when they checked on her at 0630. I felt such an overwhelming sense of peace at 545. It's powerful.Jul 22, '17I also had a similar event, though I was only about 10 years old at the time. The person was my aunt's (by marriage) mother. As I was going up a few steps behind my parents, I got this sharp and clear vision in my head of my aunt's mother, Hilda, laying dead on her bed. She was dressed for the day, and the bed had been made, and she laid there peaceful with her gray hair loose. I had only seen her hair braided in life. I said to myself, she can't be dead. It never occurred to me that she could be sleeping. She lived only a few houses away from where we lived. About 30 minutes later, (the time it takes to drive from her house to where we were), an elderly gentleman came and told my aunt that Hilda was dead. I had never told anybody this story til I was past high school as I felt I would be teased for making it up. To this day, that vision can come back if I let it.Jul 22, '17I am sorry to hear about your ex-husband. May his soul RIP and may God give you and his family the strength. I totally believe what you have described and its not surreal. Its not absurd or dramatic , but something that cannot be explained but only felt. I had the same experience with my dad. I am very close to him and he passed away at 64. I was halfway from airport to the hospital and I felt like my dad was walking on the road and I tried to look out from the window but couldn't see clearly as the windows were foggy and I told my aunt who was with me in the car that something has happened and my dad had left us. That's the beauty of the love of the souls and I still feel him.Jul 22, '17What an amazing and touching story. I believe that there is so much we do not understand.
My mom and I were on a road trip many years ago. As we drove home she told me about the odd dream she had had the night before. In the dream, death had come to the door to take my father. Our dog would not let death enter and said "they need him here, so take me instead." My mom was upset when telling me about her dream. When we got home my dad came out to meet us at the car. He had been crying. He told us that our dog had died unexpectedly during the night.Jul 23, '17Hi Nurse Beth, I have been a nurse for over 35 year and experienced many strange events when I have been with my patients. First, it is a privilege to assist in the birth of a child and equally a privilege to share in the death of a patient. I have found that as I care for some of my patients, some of them do become dependent on me. I maintain a professional boundaries, but I do get to know the patient and their families if I have cared for them for a long time. On several occasions I have been on annual leave when a patient has been expected to die and heard a `knock` either on a door / wall/window/ boat hull, when one of my patients has passed. It seems to be their way of saying goodbye. I have always instantly `known` who has passed. It still happens now. Like you, I am not afraid of death, though I am not ready yet.Jul 23, '17I frequently say that my faith has been cemented during my nursing career because I have seen so many things that defy logic but your story has helped me to truly accept and believe an experience that I had when I was younger. I know that my grandfather stopped by to visit my mind and soul when he passed. It sounded crazy but I felt it and also couldn't explain it in words. Thank you for sharing!
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text:
78-6831 Alii Dr Ste B-106 (at Keauhou Shopping Ctr, Big Island), Kailua Kona, Hawaii, USA, 96740
Serves meat, vegan options available. All pizza crusts are dairy free - ask to be sure. Has gluten-free pizza crust and vegan cheese. New York or Chicago deep dish style pizzas, calzones, sandwiches, and salads. Previously located on Henry Street. Open Mon-Sat 3:00pm-9:00pm. .
Categories: Lacto, Ovo, American, Pizza, Italian, Take-out, Non-veg


text: So i just read on Kotaku about Bangai-O Spirits coming to the states. I knew that already. And i'm lovin the Japanese version, cept... i can't read japanese, so i don't know half the features of this game. In the writeup, they talk about the level editor and sharing levels. --kotaku.com-- You can also build your own levels from scratch, but even that's not the best part. The best part is the way you can share levels with your friends. No need for Nintendo Wi-Fi. No need for DS codes. Okay, so I'm easily impressed by science and technology, but I think you guys will think this is very, very cool. You can save the levels you make as sound files, just like the way old data cassettes used to do. When you save a level, it makes a sort of rush-and-whirr sound the way a modem does. You can record it to your PC, save it as a Windows media file or whatever you want, and then put it on a website or email it to a buddy. Anyone who downloads the sound file simply plays it into their DS microphone, and voilà - your friend now has the level you made. If your friend is with you, of course, you just play your sound file on your DS directly into your friend's mic. I know that this is actually ancient technology, but I was totally dazzled to see it repurposed like this. The wonders of human advancement!" --/kotaku.com-- ...is this already available on the Jap version of this game and i just didn't know? Because if so, i need a translation guide (which i KNOW is on the forums already i just need to find it and check it out) so i can play with this nifty feature!


text:
The LSU College of Engineering does not expect, at this time, any major delays in its timeline to renovate and expand Patrick F. Taylor Hall, the school's main facility, despite a rooftop fire Tuesday night.
On Jan.19, at approximately 8:30 p.m., the Baton Rouge Fire Department responded to a fire at Patrick F. Taylor Hall, which is currently undergoing an extensive construction project. By 9:10 p.m., it had been contained and extinguished.
The fire, which was caused by hot tar and asphalt materials used to install part of the new roof earlier that day, started above the mechanical penthouse on the North side of the building. The damage caused by the blaze was confined to this particular area and did not affect any part of the building that's still in use or any other part of the new construction.
Furthermore, no one was injured, and all employees were cleared to return to work the following morning.
The first phase of the construction project will reach completion this summer, and the second and final phase is projected to reach completion by Fall 2017.
For more information, contact Sydni Dunn, communications manager, at 225-578-5706 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Merci de nous supportez dans vos union de prières. C'est une union que nous ne briserons pas! Dans l'amour de Dieu! Thank you for your support in union of prayers. It is a union that we do not smash! In the love of God!
Merci de nous supportez dans vos union de prières. C'est une union que nous ne briserons pas!
Dans l'amour de Dieu!
Thank you for your support in union of prayers. It is a union that we do not smash!
In the love of God!
Prayer request
over a year ago by Phil Chavez Pray for me
"Phil, yes I do pray that God would end your loneliness. You are faithful to keep looking to Him. In Jesus name, Amen"
Please Pray,use all your faith and believe GOD will unite me(Phil Chavez) and my soul mate together as soon as it is possible with GOD by any means necessary .Never been on a date or ever had a girlfriend and been Praying and hoping for this for at least 18 years...Thank You.......1 Corinthians 7:9 But if they do not have self-control, let them marry; for it is better to marry than to burn with passion.
Prayer for horses
over a year ago by Sheri Pray for me
"Dale and I are thinking of you Vincent and hoping your travels are safe. In a world where we are all in such a hurry it takes a lot of patience for you to do what you are doing. As a grandmother of a 17 year old I would like to tell you not to speak to strangers. But this is not part of your quest. So bless you and I wish you safety."
Please pray for Vincent and Lionheart, all the horses who need comfort who have served man and may no longer feel useful. Please pray for strength for those who continue to fight for dignity for the horse. Thank you, merci
Prière Irlandaise d'une dame à Ottawa adressé à Vincent
over a year ago by [email protected] Pray for me
"May the road rise to meet you, May the wind be ever at your back. May the sunshine warm upon your face, And the rains fall soft upon your fields. And until we meet again. May God hold you, May God hold you Ever in the palm of his hand."
les jeunes
over a year ago by anonymous Pray for me
"aidons notre prochain"
Pour les jeunes qui ont besoin de modèles qui les inspirent et qui éveillent leur foi.
over a year ago by Kalyn Pray for me
"Gabriel, que Dieu te garde tout au long de ton voyage équestre. Jules"
I was looinkg everywhere and this popped up like nothing!


text:
Search | A-Z Index
Partner Contact Information
PW Consulting B.V.
W. Boersma
Postbus 373
4103 XK Culemborg
Phone: +31 345 545060
E-mail: email@example.com
URL: www.pwcons.com
Description: Founded in 1988, PW Consulting is the oldest SAS Partner in the Netherlands and the market leader for SAS consultancy in the Netherlands. We are committed to helping organizations be successful in Business Intelligence and Analytics. We offer a complete portfolio of services, ranging from BI strategy consultancy, designing and building information delivery systems, to SAS training and SAS system management and administration. Our main focus areas are Data Management, Data Integration, Visualization, Data Science and Business Analytics.
Industry: Media and Entertainment, Hospitality, Pharmaceutical, Education, Human Resources, Public Sector/Government, Energy and Utilities, Insurance, Retail, Financial Services, Manufacturing, Telecommunications, Health Care and Life Sciences, Agriculture
Services: Hardware Maintenance, Data Mining, OLAP, Data Modeling, Relational storage design and implementation, Data Migration, Macro Facility, Contract Programming, JAVA Development, Computer Performance Evalutation and Capacity Plan, Integration Technologies, Client / Server Implementation, Installation of SAS Software, Business Intelligence, HOLAP Solutions, Portals, Data Quality, Query and Reporting, Wireless Technologies, Graphics, Web Enablement, Forecasting, System Integration, Enterprise Reporting, System Migration, Design & Code Review, SAS Software Training, Software Maintenance, Database Interfacing, Data Warehousing, Multi-Dimensional storage design and implementatio, Data Synchronization, Application Software Development
SAS Products: SAS/ACCESS, SAS Universal ODBC Driver, SAS Enterprise BI Server, SAS/Warehouse Administrator, Enterprise Guide, SAS Info Delivery Portal bundle, SAS Web OLAP Viewer for Java, SAS Web Report Studio, Analyst Application, SAS Metadata Server, JMP software, SAS OLAP Server, SAS/ETS, Scalable Performance data server, SAS/Genetics, SAS Scalable Performance Data Engine, SAS Bridge for ESRI, SAS Enterprise Data Integration Server, SAS BI Server, SAS/AF, SAS/ASSIST, SAS Data Integration Server, SAS/EIS, SAS Data Integration Studio, SAS/GIS, SAS Data Quality Solution, SAS/GRAPH software, SAS Data Surveyor for Oracle, SAS/IntrNet, SAS Data Surveyor for Peoplesoft, SAS Add-In for Microsoft Office, SAS Data Surveyor for SAP, AppDev Studio, SAS Data Surveyor for Siebel, SAS/IML, SAS/INSIGHT, SAS/LAB software, SAS Web Analytics, SAS/C Software for Mainframes, SAS/MDDB server, SAS/SHARE, SAS/SHARE*NET, SAS/TOOLKIT, JMP software, SAS/TOOLKIT, SAS/STAT, SAS/SPECTRAVIEW, SAS/SECURE, SAS/QC, SAS/INSIGHT, Scalable Performance dat
Solutions: IT Resource Management, Risk Dimensions (Enterprise), Customer Retention for Telecommunications, Risk Dimensions (Analyst), Customer Relationship Management, OpRisk Management, Credit Scoring for Banking, Marketing Optimization, Credit Risk Management for Banking, Marketing Automation, Campaign Management, IT Value Management, Anti-Money Laundering, IT Service Level Management, Drug Development, Solutions OnDemand, IT Resource Management, Web Analytics, IT Invoice Manager, Warranty Analysis, IT Charge Management, Value Chain Analytics, Interaction Management, Supplier Relationship Management, Human Capital Management, Strategic Performance Management, Financial Management, Solutions Services, Fair Banking, Activity-Based Management
Geography: Netherlands
Language: German, French, English, Dutch


text:
More ASK21 Previews Gliding In.../
FSX/P3D. As stated a couple shots below, Orbx has just released a nice glider airfield in Germany and no doubt many of you will take advantage of the freeware as a nice base for your new ASK21. According to the developer, release is getting closer and just a few more things to complete. Looks like you will have something nice and quiet to enjoy for summer! It's looking very good! If it gets released in time for OpenLC, I'd just love to show off the two products together. Click below for the latest shots.


text:
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text:
Welcome to our section of Restaurants in Pyrgos, Santorini.
You will find bellow a list of all our Restaurants in Pyrgos, Santorini.
Some of the Restaurants have direct links while some others propose a page with more info and pictures.
Pyrgos Restaurants (2)
Welcome to our section of Restaurants in Pyrgos, Santorini.
Want to propose a business? Just contact us.
List of 2 Restaurants
Type: Restaurants
Category: Taverns
Location: Pyrgos
Kallisti Restaurant is located in Pyrgos, a mountain village high up. The restaurant has a charming terrace and the theme is local. There is lots of shade and, thankfully, the place does not get too crowded, even in peak season.
Type: Restaurants
Category: Greek
Location: Pyrgos
The Selene restaurant was established in Santorini in 1986. The restaurant operates on a daily basis from the beginning of April until the end of October. Counted among the top restaurants in Santorini, the Selene offers menus with a variety of plates.
Be the first to get news and special offers!


text:
«Many watch the world pass by and are oblivious to the fine details of the natural world around them. Photographers have chosen a path that puts themselves more in tune with the world and the earth, as they stop and take the time to look and listen, smell and touch.
This connection is driven by our desire to search, discover, capture and share.»
Charlie Borland, "How to Know if You Have Found Your Photographic Vision"


text:
Efficient Amortised and Real-Time Queues in Haskell
Friday, 15 January 2016, by Edsko de Vries.
Filed under coding.
A queue is a datastructure that provides efficient—O(1)—operations to remove an element from the front of the queue and to insert an element at the rear of the queue. In this blog post we will discuss how we can take advantage of laziness to implement such queues in Haskell, both with amortised and with worst-case O(1) bounds.
The results in this blog post are not new, and can be found in Chris Okasaki's book "Purely Functional Data Structures". However, the implementation and presentation here is different from Okasaki's. In particular, the technique we use for real-time datastructures is more explicit and should scale to datastructures other than queues more easily than Okasaki's.(Read more …)
Haskell courses in New York City
Tuesday, 12 January 2016, by Adam Gundry.
Filed under community, training, well-typed.
Well-Typed is happy to announce that once again we will be running Haskell training courses in New York alongside
C◦mp◦se conference
Thursday, February 4 – Sunday, February 7, 2016, New York City
This conference is focused on typed functional programming and features a keynote by Eugenia Cheng and an excellent line-up of talks including one by our own Austin Seipp on Cryptography and verification with Cryptol. There's also an "unconference" with small workshops and tutorials as well as the opportunity to get your hands dirty and try things out yourself.
For several years now, we have been running successful Haskell courses in collaboration in Skills Matter. The New York courses will be taught by Duncan Coutts, co-founder and partner at Well-Typed. He's an experienced teacher and is involved in lots of commercial Haskell development projects at Well-Typed.
You can participate in our Haskell courses directly before or directly after C◦mp◦se in February, or if that doesn't suit we are running two of the courses in London this April:
Fast Track to Haskell
Tuesday, February 2 – Wednesday, February 3, 2016, New York City
(and Monday, April 4 – Tuesday, April 5, 2016, London)
Find out more or register here.
This course is for developers who want to learn about functional programming in general or Haskell in particular. It introduces important concepts such as algebraic datatypes, pattern matching, type inference, polymorphism, higher-order functions, explicit effects and, of course, monads and provides a compact tour with lots of hands-on exercises that provide a solid foundation for further adventures into Haskell or functional programming.
Guide to Haskell Performance and Optimization
Monday, February 8 – Tuesday, February 9, 2016, New York City
(and Wednesday, April 6 – Thursday, April 7, 2016, London)
Find out more or register here.
This brand-new course looks under the surface of Haskell at how things are implemented, including how to reason about performance and optimize your programs, so that you can write beautiful programs that scale. It covers the internal representation of data on the heap, what exactly lazy evaluation means and how it works, how the compiler translates Haskell code to a target language via several internal representations, what you can and cannot reasonably expect the compiler to do, and how you can tweak the optimizer behaviour by using compiler pragmas such as inlining annotations and rewrite rules.
Guide to the Haskell Type System
Wednesday, February 10, 2016, New York City
Find out more or register here.
This course is a one-day introduction to various type-system extensions that GHC offers, such as GADTs, rank-n polymorphism, type families and more. It assumes some familiarity with Haskell. It does not make use of any other advanced Haskell concepts except for the ones it introduces, so it is in principle possible to follow this course directly after Fast Track. However, as this course focuses on the extreme aspects of Haskell's type system, it is particularly recommended for participants who are enthusiastic about static types and perhaps familiar with a strong static type system from another language.
Well-Typed training courses
In general, our courses are very practical, but don't shy away from theory where necessary. Our teachers are all active Haskell developers with not just training experience, but active development experience as well. In addition to the courses in New York, we regularly offer courses in London.
We also provide on-site training on requests nearly anywhere in the world. If you want to know more about our training or have any feedback or questions, have a look at our dedicated training page or just drop us a mail.
Dependently typed servers in Servant
Wednesday, 02 December 2015, by Edsko de Vries, Andres Löh.
Filed under coding.
Suppose we have a webserver that can perform different kinds of operations on different kinds of values. Perhaps it can reverse or capitalize strings, and increment or negate integers:
# curl http://localhost:8081/example/reverse
# curl http://localhost:8081/example/caps
# curl http://localhost:8081/1234/inc
# curl http://localhost:8081/1234/neg
Moreover, it can echo back any value:
# curl http://localhost:8081/example/echo
# curl http://localhost:8081/1234/echo
However, it does not make sense to try to reverse an integer or increment a string; requesting either of
should result in HTTP error.
This is an example of a dependently typed server: the value that we are given as input determines the type of the rest of the server. If we get a string as input, we expect a string operation as the second argument and the response is also a string; if we get an integer as input, we expect an integer operation as the second argument and the response is also an integer.(Read more …)
Implementing a minimal version of haskell-servant
Wednesday, 04 November 2015, by Andres Löh.
Filed under coding.
Recently, there was a question on Stack Overflow on how Servant actually works. Others were quick to suggest the Servant paper as a thorough explanation of the approach and the implementation.
As a co-author, I'm obviously happy if the paper is being read, but it's also 12 pages long in two-column ACM style. And while it explains the implementation, it does not necessarily make it easier to start playing with the code yourself, because it only shows excerpts, and code snippets in a paper are not easily runnable.
At the same time, whenever I want to demonstrate a new concept in the Servant context, or play with new ideas, I find myself not impementing it in the main Servant code base, but rather to create a small library that is "like Servant", built on the same principles, but much simpler, so that I have less work to do and can evaluate the ideas more quickly. I've talked to some other contributors, and at least some of them are doing the same. So I thought it might be useful to develop and present the code of "TinyServant", which is not exactly tiny, but still small compared to the full Servant code base, strips away a lot of duplication and unessential extras, but is still complete enough so that we can observe how Servant works. Obviously, this still won't explain everything that one might want to know about the implementation of Servant, but I hope that it will serve as a useful ingredient in that process.
This blog post is a somewhat revised and expanded version of my Stack Overflow answer.
This is not a general tutorial on Servant and using Servant. For learning how to use Servant, the official Servant tutorial or the general documentation section of the Servant home page are better starting points.(Read more …)
Haskell Hackathon, Haskell eXchange, Haskell courses in London, October 2015
Friday, 11 September 2015, by Andres Löh.
Filed under well-typed, community, training.
Haskell events in London
In the time from 5–13 October, we are (co-)organizing a number of Haskell-related events in London, with Skills Matter.
Here's the overview:
- 5–6 October 2015: 2-day intro course Fast Track to Haskell
- 7 October 2015: 1-day course Guide to the Haskell Type System
- 8–9 October 2015: 2-day conference Haskell eXchange
- 10–11 October 2015: 2-day free Haskell infrastructure hackathon
- 12–13 October 2015: 2-day course Advanced Haskell
Haskell infrastructure Hackathon
We'll co-organize and participate in a two-day Haskell Hackathon, which takes place directly after the Haskell eXchange.
This Hackathon aims at bringing together Haskell developers – both beginners and experts – who want to help improve the Haskell infrastructure, predominantly Hackage and Cabal.
We'll aim to arrange some introductory overview talks, to e.g. provide an overview over the code bases and the most important open issues.
Participation is free, but please register via Skills Matter.(Read more …)
Hackage Security Beta Release
Tuesday, 25 August 2015, by Edsko de Vries, Duncan Coutts.
Filed under cabal, community, industrial-haskell-group.
Well-Typed and the Industrial Haskell Group are very happy to announce the beta release of the
hackage-security library, along with its integration in
hackage-server and
cabal-install. The new security features of
hackage are now deployed on the central server hackage.haskell.org and there is a beta release of
cabal available. You can install it through
cabal install \
http://www.well-typed.com/hackage-security/Cabal-18.104.22.168.tar.gz \
http://www.well-typed.com/hackage-security/cabal-secure-beta.tar.gz \
http://www.well-typed.com/hackage-security/hackage-security-0.4.0.0.tar.gz \
This will install a
cabal-secure-beta binary which you can use alongside your normal installation of
For a more detailed discussion of the rationale behind this project, see the annoucement of the alpha release or the initial announcement of this project. We will also be giving a talk about the details at the upcoming Haskell Implementors Workshop. In the remainder of this blog post we will describe what's available, right now.(Read more …)
Parametricity Tutorial (Part 2): Type constructors and type classes
Friday, 14 August 2015, by Edsko de Vries.
Filed under coding.
This is part 2 of a two-part series on parametricity.
In part 1 we covered the basics: constant types, functions and polymorphism (over types of kind
*). In this post we will deal with more advanced material: type constructors, type classes, polymorphism over type constructors and type constructor classes.
Lightweight Checked Exceptions in Haskell
Friday, 31 July 2015, by Edsko de Vries, Adam Gundry.
Filed under coding.
Consider this function from the http-conduit library:
-- | Download the specified URL (..)
-- This function will 'throwIO' an 'HttpException' for (..)
simpleHttp :: MonadIO m => String -> m ByteString
Notice that part of the semantics of this function—that it may throw an
HttpException—is encoded in a comment, which the compiler cannot check. This is because Haskell's notion of exceptions offers no mechanism for advertising to the user the fact that a function might throw an exception.
Michael Snoyman discusses some solutions to this problem, as well as some common anti-patterns, in his blog post Exceptions Best Practices. However, wouldn't it be much nicer if we could simply express in the type that
simpleHttp may throw a
HttpException? In this blog post I will propose a very lightweight scheme to do precisely that.
If you want to experiment with this yourself, you can download CheckedRevisited.hs (tested with ghc 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8 and 7.10).
Note. This is an improved version of this blog post; Checked.hs demonstrates the previous approach; see also the discussion on reddit on the original post and on the improved version.(Read more …)
Hackage Security Alpha Release
Wednesday, 08 July 2015, by Edsko de Vries.
Filed under cabal, community, industrial-haskell-group.
Well-Typed is very happy to announce the first alpha release of the Hackage Security library, along with integration into both
cabal-install and the Hackage server and a tool for managing file-based secure repositories. This release is not yet ready for general use, but we would like to invite interested parties to download and experiment with the library and its integration. We expect a beta release running on the central Hackage server will soon follow.
Hackage Security and related infrastructure is a project funded by the Industrial Haskell Group to secure Hackage, the central Haskell package server. A direct consequence of this work is that we can have untrusted Hackage mirrors (mirror selection is directly supported by the library). A minor but important additional side goal is support for incremental updates of the central Hackage index (only downloading information about new packages, rather than all packages).
TL;DR: Hackage will be more secure, more reliable and faster, and
cabal update should generally finish in seconds.
Dependencies for Cabal Setup.hs files and other goodies
Monday, 06 July 2015, by Duncan Coutts.
Filed under cabal, community, industrial-haskell-group.
No untracked dependencies!
Years ago, back when Isaac Potoczny-Jones and others were defining the Cabal specification, the big idea was to make Haskell software portable to different environments. One of the mantras was "no untracked dependencies!".
The problem at the time was that Haskell code had all kinds of implicit dependencies which meant that while it worked for you, it wouldn't build for me. For example, I might not have some other module that it needed, or the right version of the module.
So of course that's what the
build-depends in
.cabal files is all about, requiring that the author of the code declare just what the code requires of its environment. The other important part is that the build system only lets your code see the dependencies you've declared, so that you don't accidentally end up with these untracked dependencies.
This mantra of no untracked dependencies is still sound. If we look at a system like nix, part of what enables it to work so well is that it is absolutely fanatical about having no untracked dependencies.
Untracked dependencies?!
One weakness in the original Cabal specification is with
Setup.hs scripts. These scripts are defined in the spec to be the entry point for the system. According to the Cabal spec, to build a package you're required to compile the
Setup.hs script and then use its command line interface to get things done. Because in the original spec the
Setup.hs is the first entry point, it's vital that it be possible to compile
Setup.hs without any extra fuss (the
runhaskell tool was invented just to make this possible, and to make it portable across compilers).
But by having the
Setup.hs as the primary entry point, it meant that it's impossible to reliably use external code in a
Setup.hs script, because you cannot guarantee that that code is pre-installed. Going back to the "no untracked dependencies" mantra, we can see of course that all dependencies of
Setup.hs scripts are in fact untracked!
This isn't just a theoretical problem. Haskell users that do have complex
Setup.hs scripts often run into versioning problems, or need external tools to help them get the pre-requisite packages installed. Or as another example: Michael Snoyman noted earlier this year in a diagnosis of an annoying packaging bug that:
As an aside, this points to another problematic aspect of our toolchain: there is no way to specify constraints on dependencies used in custom
Setup.hsfiles. That's actually caused more difficulty than it may sound like, but I'll skip diving into it for now.
The solution: track dependencies!
As I said, the mantra of no untracked dependencies is still sound, we just need to apply it more widely.
These days the
Setup.hs is effectively no longer a human interface, it is now a machine interface used by other tools like
cabal or by distro's install scripts. So we no longer have to worry so much about
Setup.hs scripts always compiling out of the box. It would be acceptable now to say that the first entry point for a tool interacting with a package is the
.cabal file, which might list the dependencies of the
Setup.hs. The tool would then have to ensure that those dependencies are available when compiling the
So this is exactly what we have now done. Members of the Industrial Haskell Group have funded us to fix this long standing problem and we have recently merged the solution into the development version of
Cabal and
From a package author's point of view, the solution looks like this: in your
.cabal file you can now say:
build-type: Custom
setup-depends: base >= 4.6,
directory >= 1.0,
Cabal >= 1.18 && < 1.22,
acme-setup-tools == 0.2.*
So it's a new stanza, like libraries or executables, and like these you can specify the library dependencies of the
Setup.hs script.
Now tools like
cabal will compile the
Setup.hs script with these and only these dependencies, just like it does normally for executables. So no more untracked dependencies in
Setup.hs scripts. Newer
cabal versions will warn about not using this new section. Older
cabal versions will ignore the new section (albeit with a warning). So over time we hope to encourage all packages with custom setup scripts to switch over to this.
In addition, the
Setup.hs script gets built with CPP version macros (
MIN_VERSION_{pkgname}) available so that the code can be made to work with a wider range of versions of its dependencies.
In the solver…
So on the surface this is all very simple and straightforward, a rather minor feature even. In fact it's been remarkably hard to implement fully for reasons I'll explain, but the good news is that it works and the hard work has also gotten us solutions to a couple other irksome problems.
Firstly, why isn't it trivial? It's inevitable that sooner or later you will find that your application depends on one package that has setup deps like
Cabal == 1.18.* and another with setup deps like
Cabal == 1.20.*. At that point we have a problem. Classically we aim to produce a build plan that uses at most one version of each package. We do that because otherwise there's a danger of type errors from using multiple versions of the same package. Here with setup dependencies there is no such danger: it's perfectly possible for me to build one setup script with one version of the
Cabal library and another script with a different
Cabal version. Because these are executables and not libraries, the use of these dependencies does not "leak", and so we would be safe to use different versions in different places.
So we have extended the
cabal solver to allow for limited controlled use of multiple versions of the same package. The constraint is that all the "normal" libraries and exes all use the same single version, just as before, but setup scripts are allowed to introduce their own little world where independent choices about package versions are allowed. To keep things sane, the solver tries as far as possible not to use multiple versions unless it really has to.
If you're interested in the details in the solver, see Edsko's recent blog post.
Extra goodies
This work in the solver has some extra benefits.
Improve Cabal lib API without breaking everything
In places the Cabal library is a little crufty, and the API it exposes was never really designed as an API. It has been very hard to fix this because changes in the Cabal library interface break
Setup.hs scripts, and there was no way for packages to insulate themselves from this.
So now that we can have packages have proper dependencies for their custom
Setup.hs, the flip side is that we have an opportunity to make breaking changes to the Cabal library API. We have an opportunity to throw out the accumulated cruft, clean up the code base and make a library API that's not so painful to use in
Setup.hs scripts.
Shim (or compat) packages for
Another benefit is that the new solver is finally able to cope with having "base shim" packages, as we used in the base 3.x to 4.x transition. For two GHC releases, GHC came with both base-3.x and base-4.x. The base-4 was the "true" base, while the base-3 was a thin wrapper that re-exported most of base-4 (and syb), but with some changes to implement the old base-3 API. At the time we adapted cabal to cope with this situation of having two versions of a package in a single solution.
When the new solver was implemented however support for this situation was not added (and the old solver implementation was retained to work with GHC 6.12 and older).
This work for setup deps has made it relatively straightforward to add support for these base shims. So next time GHC needs to make a major bump to the version of base then we can use the same trick of using a shim package. Indeed this might also be a good solution in other cases, perhaps cleaner than all these
*-compat packages we've been accumulating.
It has also finally allowed us to retire the old solver implementation.
Package cycles involving test suites and benchmarks
Another feature that is now easy to implement (though not actually implemented yet) is dealing with the dependency cycles in packages' test suites and benchmarks.
Think of a core package like
bytestring, or even less core like Johan's
cassava csv library. These packages have benchmarks that use the excellent
criterion library. But of course
criterion is a complex beast and itself depends on
cassava and a couple dozen other packages.
This introduces an apparent cycle and
cabal will fail to find an install plan. I say apparent cycle because there isn't really a cycle: it's only the benchmark component that uses
criterion, and nothing really depends on that.
Here's another observation: when benchmarking a new
bytestring or
cassava, it does not matter one bit that
criterion might be built against an older stable version of
bytestring or
cassava. Indeed it's probably sensible that we use a stable version. It certainly involves less rebuilding: I don't really want to rebuild
criterion against each minor change in
bytestring while I'm doing optimisation work.
So here's the trick: we break the cycle by building
criterion (or say
QuickCheck or
tasty) against another version of
bytestring, typically some existing pre-installed one. So again this means that our install plan has two versions of
bytestring in it: the one we mean to build, and the one we use as a dependency for
criterion. And again this is ok, just as with setup dependencies, because dependencies of test suites and benchmarks do not "leak out" and cause diamond dependency style type errors.
One technical restriction is that the test suite or benchmark must not depend on the library within the same package, but must instead use the source files directly. Otherwise there would genuinely be a cycle.
Now in general when we have multiple components in a
.cabal file we want them to all use the same versions of their dependencies. It would be deeply confusing if a library and an executable within the same package ended up using different versions of some dependency that might have different behaviour. Cabal has always enforced this, and we're not relaxing it now. The rule is that if there are dependencies of a test suite or benchmark that are not shared with the library or executable components in the package, then we are free to pick different versions for those than we might pick elsewhere within the same solution.
As another example – that's nothing to do with cycles – we might pick different versions of
QuickCheck for different test suites in different packages (though only where necessary). This helps with the problem that one old package might require
QuickCheck == 2.5.* while another requires
QuickCheck == 2.8.*. But it'd also be a boon if we ever went through another major QC-2 vs QC-3 style of transition. We would be able to have both QC-2 and QC-3 installed and build each package's test suite against the version it requires, rather than freaking out that they're not the same version.
Private dependencies in general
Technically, this work opens the door to allowing private dependencies more generally. We're not pursuing that at this stage, in part because it is not clear that it's actually a good idea in general.
Mark Lentczner has pointed out the not-unreasonable fear that once you allow multiple versions of packages within the same solution it will in practice become impossible to re-establish the situation where there is just one version of each package, which is what distros want and what most people want in production systems.
So that's something we should consider carefully as a community before opening those flood gates.


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text:
In a recent essay a long-time elder in the Church of God wrote, in speaking of Jacob, "His attitude was: 'Of all that You will give me from this day forward, I will surely give the tenth to You.'" Did Jacob tithe from "this day forward?" The same author says, speaking of Jacob, and I quote, "But he does say, 'From now on I will tithe; I will give the tenth of all that I possess." Did Jacob say that? Did he tithe on all that he possessed from that day on? Let's study the account being referred to. It's recorded for us in Genesis 28.
Before we turn to this chapter and begin our study let us review just who Jacob was. Jacob and Esau were the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah, the grandsons of Abraham and Sarah. Isaac was born to Abraham and Sarah when she was long past the childbearing years, a direct miracle from God. The Scriptures tell us that Abraham was one hundred years old and that Sarah was ninety when Isaac was born. Isaac was forty years old when he married Rebekah. However, Rebekah was barren. Isaac intreated God on behalf of his wife and God heard his prayer. When Isaac was sixty years old the twins were born. When Isaac was "old" (Gen. 27:1), somewhere over one hundred years old, he called Esau to himself and asked for "savoury meat" that he might eat it and then bless Esau. We are familiar with the deceit that Jacob and his mother worked to get Isaac's blessing upon Jacob.
We now come to chapter 28 of Genesis. In the last verses of chapter 27 Rebekah tells Isaac that she is wearied because of the women Esau had married and expresses her concern that Jacob might follow suit. Isaac called Jacob to him and commanded him not to take a wife from the daughters of the people of the land of Canaan. He instructed him to go to Padanaram, to the family of his grandfather, Bethuel, and to take a daughter of his uncle Laban to be his wife.
In verses three and four we read something very interesting. Isaac pronounces
a blessing upon Jacob, almost word for word what had been promised and re-promised
to Abraham and to Isaac. There is no indication that Jacob found this strange
or something new. Undoubtedly he had heard this repeated over and over in the
more than forty years of his life. He knew of the Lord's appearance to Abraham,
the promise given to him, the covenant He made with him. Jacob knew that the
Lord had also appeared to his own father, Isaac, and had reaffirmed the promises
to him. He had been told repeatedly of those promises and of the covenant God
Abraham had made. In fact, he daily was reminded of this in his own flesh, because of the token of that covenant, circumcision. (Gen. 17:10-11)
So the words of the promise from God rang in his ears as he left home to journey to Padanaram. In verses 6 through 9 we read a bit of a side story. Isau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob. He saw that Isaac had sent Jacob to the land of his grandfather to get a wife, of how his own wives taken from Canaan was a very evil thing in the eyes of Isaac. He took another wife, a daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son. Verse 10 brings us back to the story of Jacob.
As he was on his way toward Haran, as evening came on, he came to a place that was called Luz before being renamed. (Verse 19) Since the sun had set Jacob prepared to spend the night. He gathered some stones and using them for pillows he lay down to sleep. Verse 12 tells us that as he slept he dreamed, a dream that came from God. He saw a ladder or stairway set up on earth and the top of it reached unto heaven. He saw the angels of God ascending and descending upon it. Then in verse 13 God begins to speak to him. Let's note what God says to him. " I [am] the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. And, behold, I [am] with thee, and will keep thee in all [places] whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done [that] which I have spoken to thee of."
Much of what God told him had been spoken to Abraham and to Isaac. However some was specifically directed to Jacob. The promise of the land had been central to all repetitions of the promise. Also, the seed being as the dust of the earth, to multiple throughout the earth was well known. And, the specific statement, which we have understood to be prophetic of Jesus Christ, that in his seed all the families of the earth would be blessed had been stated over and over. But, God did personalize the promises, making very detailed and specific personal promises to Jacob. He told Jacob that He would be with him wherever he went. He also promised him that He would bring him back to "this land." God promised that He would not leave Jacob until He had done what He spoke there to him.
When Jacob woke up, verse 16, he deeply grasped that God was present in that place and he had not been aware of it. It shook him up, as we would say. Verse 17 says, "And he was afraid." He recognized that this place was, at least to him, the very dwelling place of God and the gateway to heaven. As soon as day began to break, early in the morning, Jacob arose and took the stones he had been using as pillows and set them us as pillars. He poured oil upon them and called the place Bethel, meaning, the House of God.
Then we come to verse 20. "And Jacob vowed a vow,..."In many articles,
booklets and writings of various authors this is not noted. It is often stated
that Jacob "promised." However, the original indicated the translation
to be correct, Jacob vowed a vow. Let's note what Vine's
Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words has to say.
"The vow has two basic forms, the unconditional and the conditional. The unconditional is an 'oath' where someone binds himself without expecting anything in return. (Psa. 116:14) The obligation is binding upon the person who has made a 'vow.' The word spoken has the force of an oath which generally could not be broken: (Num. 30:2) The conditional 'vow' generally had a preceding clause before the oath giving the conditions which had to come to pass before the 'vow' became valid: (Gen. 28:20-22). 'Vows' usually occurred in serious situations. Jacob needed the assurance of God's presence before setting out for Padan-aram (Gen. 28:20-22); ...
Though conditional 'vows' were made out of desperation, there is no question of the binding force of the 'vow.'... First a 'vow' is always made to God.... Second, a 'vow' is made voluntarily. It is never associated with a life of piety or given the status of religious requirement in the Old Testament. Third, a 'vow' once made must be kept. One cannot annul the 'vow.'"
The vow that Jacob makes is a conditional vow. Notice what he says. "If." He is negotiating with God. And, he begins by mentioning the personal, specific promises God has made to him, not the major promises that had been repeated over and over and that were well known by all in the family. First he says, "If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, so that I come again to my father's house in peace..." He specifically mentioned what God had promised in verse 15 above. Notice again, "I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee,..."
Continuing with the vow he is making, verse 21, Jacob says "If" you do all of this (which we just listed) "then shall the Lord be my God:" He knew of God. He knew that He was the God of Abraham and Isaac. He was vowing to develop that same close, intimate relationship they had with God. He continues his vow, "And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house:" It is interesting to note the things Jacob vows to do. He should have been desirous of developing the close personal relationship with God, whether He bestowed those promises or not. But, declaring the stone he had set up, as God's house, seems to be an idea that Jacob came up with on his own. We find no similar instance recorded in the Bible.
But, now let's notice the last part of Jacob's vow, the last part of verse 22, "and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee." It was very clear that in the first part of his vow he was concentrating on the very specific and personal promises God had made. Here we see Jacob directing his vow toward the first part of God's promises, verse 13, where God addresses what He will give to Jacob and to his descendants. "The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed;"
Hopefully, we can see that Jacob made a conditional vow to God to do three specific things upon God's fulfillment of His promises. The first two, a personal relationship with God and declaring the stone as God's house, were directly dealing with the very personal and specific promises God made toward Jacob relative to his journey. The third thing was to "give the tenth unto thee" of "all that thou shalt give me." This clearly is in reference to the promise of the land being given to him and his descendants.
Since "the land" was central to the promise God made and to the vow
Jacob was making it is very important that we understand exactly what God is
promising. Let's notice what the Scriptures tell us. Genesis 12:7 "Unto
thy seed will I give this land:..." Where was Abraham when God made this
statement? Notice verse 5, "...and into the land of Canaan they came."
Genesis 13:15 "For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever." What land was Abraham seeing? Verse 12 says, "Abram dwelled in the land of Canaan,..." Verse 17 God instructs Abraham to "Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the breadth of it; for I will give it unto thee."
Genesis 15:7 "And he said unto him, I [am] the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it." In verse 18 God gets very specific as to what land He is speaking of. "In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the Euphrates:..."
Genesis 17:8 makes it very clear as to what land God is promising. "And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God." There are additional scriptures prior to the promise being made to Jacob and numerous ones afterward that spell out quite clearly that the "land of promise" was Canaan.
The Hebrew word translated "land" in all of these verses is erets, #0776 in Strong's. It is used in some areas to indicate the whole earth, in others a country or territory or district or region. One of the definitions is "land of Canaan, Israel."
When we look at the clear scriptures of God we should have no doubts in our minds that the promise God made to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob was the land of Canaan. (As an aside, I have to disagree with the statement one individual made in an article published many years ago. He stated in speaking of tithing, "They are commanded to be kept in the land which God promised to Israel {Deut. 12}. We today are in part of that land which God promised Israel. We therefore are to observe these things!" I do not live in Canaan, the land that God promised.)
When God said in the dream of Jacob's ":the land whereon thou liest, to
thee will I give it, and to thy seed;" it was very understandable to Jacob.
He knew what land was being referred to. There was no confusion in his mind
in that regard. But in a casual reading of the verses we might think Jacob wasn't
hearing some of the rest of God's promise. In verse 15 of Genesis 28 God says,
"and will bring thee again into this land;..."Jacob responds in verse
21, "So that I come again to my fathers house in peace;..."When we
check the Hebrew we find that the word God used in verse 15 for "land"
is a different word. It is adamah, #0127 in Strong's. Notice the definitions
of this word.
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
1e) land, territory, country
1f) whole inhabited earth
1g) city in Naphtali
Notice that in some usages it means a specific piece of ground and it can refer to a specific territory or country. Clearly God is referring to the very area in which Jacob was at the moment. But, why then does Jacob respond by saying "to my father's house?"
The Hebrew word translated "house" is bayith, #01004 in Strong's. Most times it is used it is referring to a house, a dwelling or shelter. It can refer to an entire household. I'd like to have you notice the definition as given in Vine's Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words. "bayit (1004), 'house or building; home; household; land.'" It can refer to the "land." Vine's says later, "In a few passages bayit means 'territory' or 'country':..." So, Jacob wasn't "confused." He was responding to God by saying, if I might paraphrase, "So that I come again to this land, this territory, to this promised home of my father in peace;..."
Before we can answer the questions we asked in the very beginning of this article we need to determine when the promises of God were received and when Jacob fulfilled the vow he made to God. The vow as we pointed out was conditional and it was a three part vow. We will see from the scriptures that God did not give all of the promises at one time nor did Jacob pay all of the parts of his vow at one time.
Following the making of the vow to God recorded in Genesis 28 we read the story of Jacob going on to Padanaram where he worked for his uncle Laban in exchange for his wives, Rachel and Leah. We are familiar with the story of the wrong woman being given to him, the numerous times Laban changed Jacob's wages, etc. He spent 20 years with Laban, 14 serving for his wives and 6 for the livestock. His wages were changed 10 times. (Gen. 31:41) After these 20 years he began his journey back to "his father's house," to the land his family was residing in. On the way he had to cross the land his brother Esau occupied. In fear of what his brother might do to him he appealed to God for His help. We read his prayer in Genesis 32:9-12. He reminded God of some of the promises He had made. Following this prayer Jacob prepared great presents for Esau and sent some of his servants off to meet Esau. He then took his wives, their servants and his eleven sons and passed over the "ford Jabbok" and sent them on over the brook. (Gen. 32:22-23)
Jacob was left alone. An event occurred which we may not totally understand. It says "and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day." (Gen. 32:24) Jacob recognized that he was wrestling with God. He says in verse 30 of this chapter, "I have seen God face to face..." This event was Jacob's "conversion" if you will. His name was changed by God to Israel, meaning a prince of God. Following this event we find that Jacob and Esau were successfully reunited without the dire consequences that Jacob had feared. Jacob journeyed on to Succoth, built a house and "booths" for his cattle. (Gen. 33:17) Following this he "came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padanaram..." (Vs. 18) He bought a parcel of a field and erected an altar and called it Eleloheisrael, God the God of Israel. Chapter 34 gives us the story of his daughter Dinah and the slaying of Hamor and Shechem.
Now in chapter 35 we see some very interesting details. In verse 1 God tells Jacob to go up to Bethel, to dwell there and to make an altar to God. Jacob told his entire household to put away the "strange gods" that were among them. Verse 3 confirms that God had answered part of his promise He made to Jacob, that we read in Genesis 28. "And let us arise, and go up to Bethel; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went." Let's review again that particular promise, Genesis 28:15. "And, behold, I [am] with thee, and will keep thee in all [places] whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done [that] which I have spoken to thee of." Jacob confirms that God has been with him and has brought him back to Canaan.
Jacob then journeyed to "Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, Bethel,..."Remember this is where God appeared to him in a dream and made the promises to him. (Gen. 28:19) Verse 7 of chapter 35 says that Jacob built an altar there and called the place Elbethel, the God of Bethel. Verse 9-13 tells of the event we read in chapter 32, God appearing to Jacob again as he came out of Padanaram and blessing him, of changing his name to Israel, rehearsing the first part of His promise to Jacob.
Notice verses 14-15. " And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, [even] a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon. And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Bethel."
I believe it is very clear that Jacob had fulfilled 2 parts of his 3 part conditional vow. God had been with him and had brought him back to the "land." He had now made the Lord his God. He had returned to Bethel, which is "house of God." He had built an altar, set up a pillar of stone and poured upon in a drink offering and oil.
But, what about the central part of God's promise which had been made to Abraham, repeated to Isaac and to Jacob, the promise of the "land?" Jacob was in the land now, the land of Canaan, but he had not been given the land, he had not inherited it. As we just read in Genesis 35:11-12 God had repeated that part of His promise. Notice again verse 12, "And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land." It was still future. It was still promised to be given to Jacob and his seed. When did God finally give Jacob and his seed "the land?" When they finally crossed over the Jordan after wandering in the wilderness for 40 years. Let's notice just a few verses out on many.
Exodus 33:1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Depart, [and] go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it:
Deuteronomy 1:8 Behold, I have set the land before you: go in and possess the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give unto them and to their seed after them.
Deuteronomy 8:1 All the commandments which I command thee this day shall ye observe to do, that ye may live, and multiply, and go in and possess the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers.
Deuteronomy 11:8 Therefore shall ye keep all the commandments which I command you this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, whither ye go to possess it;
Deuteronomy 11:9 And that ye may prolong [your] days in the land, which the LORD sware unto your fathers to give unto them and to their seed, a land that floweth with milk and honey.
Deuteronomy 11:31 For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein.
There are many more very clear scriptures showing that the promise God had made was not fulfilled until the Israelites crossed over the Jordan and took possession of the land of Canaan. The final and third part of Jacob's vow, "... and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee" would not have become valid and binding until this time. When we review God's instructions regarding tithing found in Leviticus 27 it is so clear. He is giving instructions regarding payment of vows in this chapter. He tells them the tenth, the tithe of the land, that Jacob had vowed to give to God was "holy to the Lord." (Lev. 27:30) It is revealed in the book of Numbers that the tribe of Levi was to receive the tithe as wages for their service in the tabernacle. They were not to receive a portion of land, an inheritance, as the other tribes.
As we conclude let us review again the statements we quoted from the essay
of a long-time elder in the Church of God and answer the questions we asked.
He made a statement in speaking of Jacob, "His attitude was: 'Of all that
You will give me from this day forward, I will surely give the tenth to You.'"
We asked, "Did Jacob tithe from 'this day forward?'"
There is no statement in the Bible to tell us that he ever tithed. He did vow to God to give a tenth, to tithe of all that God would give him, the land. That land was not given until the seed of Jacob entered Canaan several hundred years later.
The author of the essay also said, speaking of Jacob, "But he does say, 'From now on I will tithe; I will give the tenth of all that I possess.'" This statement is not found in the Bible!
We can, with Scriptural authority, answer our primary question, "Did Jacob Tithe?" We have seen from the Biblical account that Jacob vowed to God to give a tenth of what God was promising him and his seed, which was the land of Canaan. We have also seen that the promise was not given to Jacob during his lifetime. Hebrews 11, the faith chapter, speaking of Abraham, says in verse 9, "By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise:" Then in verse 13 it states, "These all died in the faith, not having received the promises,..."(Verse 16 says that they "now desire a better country, that is, an heavenly:")
No, Jacob never tithed as a requirement of his vow--he could not have done so since the conditions were never met during his lifetime. Did he give offerings to God otherwise? Very probably so, although we aren't told how or when. We aren't told if Melchizedec was still on the scene or if there was anyone else to receive offerings. From the scriptures we see God communicating with Jacob in a dream, appearing and wrestling with him as a man. Genesis 35:1 says, "And God said unto Jacob,..."indicating a personal manner of communication. No mention is made of any person serving as a "go between" or spokesperson for God. And the only offering we see that Jacob made to God was a "drink offering." (Gen. 35:14) It is possible, and probable, that he may have offered burnt offerings to God. He had Abraham's example (review the story of Isaac being offered) and we know that he erected an altar in Shalem, a city of Shechem. (Gen. 33:18-20) If Jacob gave to God in any other way it isn't stated in the Bible. And, if he did, we are not told of any percentage he may have chosen to give. Whatever it might have been it was not a stipulation of his vow to God. Of a surety it would have been given cheerfully from a willing heart. After all that is what God loves. (II Cor. 9:7)


text:
Fairview is a town in Collin County, Texas, and it is a suburb of Dallas. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 7,248. Current estimates have the population around 8,000. The town is adjacent to the 289-acre Heard Wildlife Sanctuary.
Fairview came into existence following an election held at what was called the Fairview Grocery on May 7, 1958. Ordered by Collin County Judge W. E. Button after submission of a petition, the purpose of the voting was to determine whether or not the Town of Fairview would be incorporated as a town. The ballot choices were simple: "Corporation" or "No Corporation." A total of fifty ballots were cast, with only two of those opposing incorporation. Judge Button signed the order incorporating Fairview on May 12, 1958.
According to accounts, the town's name might just as easily have been Wetsel because there were two communities included in the incorporated land – Fairview and Wetsel. The latter community began when Henry Wetsel, a Pennsylvania immigrant and carpenter by trade, sold his grist and flour mill in McKinney (a three- to five-oxen operation described as a "first-class ox mill") and head righted a square mile of land four to five miles south of town. That land is memorialized today as the Henry Wetsel Survey. He built his cabin on the Fisher and Sawyer stage road that ran from Austin through McKinney on its way to the Red River. One account suggests Henry operated a new grist mill on the northwest corner of today's Stacy Road and SH 5 beginning in about 1850. Either here or at his McKinney mill he lost an arm in a terrible accident. He also supposedly built a two-story house with large cedar trees in the front yard on the west side of the stagecoach road, and brought Bermuda grass back from East Texas and had the first lawn of its kind in the area. This story seems not to ring true, however. Lawns were not really "invented" for many more years, so the grass story may have more accurately described one of Henry's descendants.
Source: http://www.fairviewtexas.org/index.php/community/our-community


text:
nm (Unix)
From Seo Wiki - Search Engine Optimization and Programming Languages
The nm command ships with a number of later versions of Unix and similar operating systems. nm is used to examine binary files (including libraries, compiled object modules, shared-object files, and standalone executables) and to display the contents of those files, or meta information stored in them, specifically the symbol table. The output from nm distinguishes between various symbol types, for example it differentiates between a function which is supplied by an object module and a function which is required by it. nm is used as an aid for debugging, to help resolve problems arising from name conflicts and C++ name mangling, and to validate other parts of the toolchain.
The GNU Project ships an implementation of nm as part of the GNU Binutils package.