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Estrogen receptor β represses Akt signaling in breast cancer cells via downregulation of HER2/HER3 and upregulation of PTEN: implications for tamoxifen sensitivity
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The inhibition of estrogen receptor (ER) α action with the ER antagonist tamoxifen is an established treatment in the majority of breast cancers. De novo or acquired resistance to this therapy is common. Expression of ERβ in breast tumors has been implicated as an indicator of tamoxifen sensitivity. The mechanisms behind this observation remain largely uncharacterized. In the present study, we investigated whether ERβ can modulate pathways implicated in endocrine resistance development.
T47-D and MCF-7 ERα-expressing breast cancer cells with tetracycline-regulated expression of ERβ were used as a model system. Expression levels and activity of known regulators of endocrine resistance were analyzed by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, Western blot analysis and immunostaining, and sensitivity to tamoxifen was investigated by using a cell proliferation kit.
Expression of ERβ in ERα-positive T47-D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells resulted in a decrease in Akt signaling. The active form of an upstream regulator of Akt, proto-oncogene c-ErbB-2/receptor tyrosine kinase erbB-3 (HER2/HER3) receptor dimer, was also downregulated by ERβ. Furthermore, ERβ increased expression of the important inhibitor of Akt, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Importantly, ERβ expression increased the sensitivity of these breast cancer cells to tamoxifen.
Our results suggest a link between expression of ERβ and endocrine sensitivity by increasing PTEN levels and decreasing HER2/HER3 signaling, thereby reducing Akt signaling with subsequent effects on proliferation, survival and tamoxifen sensitivity of breast cancer cells. This study supports initiatives to further investigate whether ERβ presence in breast cancer samples is an indicator for endocrine response. Current therapies in ERα-positive breast cancers aim to impair ERα activity with antagonists or by removal of endogenous estrogens with aromatase inhibitors. Data from this study could be taken as indicative for also using ERβ as a target in selected groups of breast cancer.
KeywordsTamoxifen Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Estrogen Receptor Antagonist HER3 Protein Expression PTEN Protein Level
epidermal growth factor receptor
estrogen receptor
proto-oncogene c-ErbB-2
receptor tyrosine kinase erbB-3
- HRG-β1
polymerase chain reaction
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate
phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10
- qPCR
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
receptor tyrosine kinase
Approximately two-thirds of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ERs) and initially require estrogen to grow, and are therefore treated with ER antagonists, such as tamoxifen, or by depletion of endogenous estrogens with aromatase inhibitors [1, 2]. Two ERs, ERα and ERβ, have been identified [3]. ERα plays an important role in the proliferation and progression of breast cancer, whereas a distinct function of ERβ in breast cancer initiation and development has not yet been clearly established. In in vitro settings, ERβ inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancers cells [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] as well as the growth of breast tumor xenografts [10].
ERα is the marker of choice to decide endocrine treatment of breast cancer. However, in the case of tamoxifen treatment, despite the initial response to the therapy, one-third of patients will acquire resistance even though their ERα status may remain unchanged [11]. ERβ has also been considered a marker of endocrine response. Lower expression of ERβ is found in tamoxifen-resistant tumors, and high levels of ERβ are sometimes associated with a better clinical outcome in ERα-expressing breast tumors [12]. However, some studies have indicated that in high-grade, ERα-negative, node-positive breast tumors, ERβ presence appears to be a marker related to a more aggressive breast cancer [13].
Breast tumors overexpressing receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are less likely to benefit from tamoxifen treatment [14, 15, 16, 17]. Receptor tyrosine protein kinase erbB-3 (HER3) and proto-oncogene c-ErbB-2 (HER2) are members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. HER3 lacks intrinsic kinase activity and relies on heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR family for transduction of signals. There is growing awareness of the importance of HER2/HER3 heterodimer formation in breast cancer progression, where coexpression of HER2 and HER3 has been shown to be a poor prognostic indicator associated with resistance to endocrine therapy and to HER tyrosine kinase inhibitors [18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. The majority of HER2-positive tumors are strongly positive for HER3 [18], which is also seen in mouse models of breast cancers, where high expression of HER2 is commonly associated with activated and overexpressed HER3 [23]. Furthermore, inhibition of HER2 correlates with reduction in HER3 phosphorylation [24] and, correspondingly, inhibition of HER3 reduces phosphorylation of HER2 and abrogates HER2-mediated tamoxifen resistance [25].
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) promotes generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), which leads to phosphorylation and activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, growth, apoptosis and motility. Increased activity due to genetic changes is frequently seen in breast cancer, resulting in tumor progression, metastases and resistance to endocrine treatment [26, 27, 28, 29]. Mutation of the PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, leads to activation of Akt and is found in 18% to 40% of human breast cancers [30, 31, 32]. Stimulation of RTKs also activates Akt [33, 34, 35], and overexpression of HER2 is linked to elevated Akt activities [36, 37, 38]. In ERα-positive breast cancers treated with tamoxifen, detection of activated Akt at diagnosis has been shown to correlate to decreased overall survival [39].
Constitutive active Akt is also associated with loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression [40]. PTEN is a tumor suppressor whose expression is often lost in breast cancers and associated with poor disease outcome [41, 42, 43, 44]. PTEN antagonizes PI3K activity by dephosphorylating PIP3, resulting in lower levels of active Akt [45].
The goal of this study was to investigate whether ERβ1 (referred to hereinafter as ERβ) has any effect on the RTK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and thereby represents a regulator of tamoxifen sensitivity. We show that in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, expression of ERβ reduced Akt activation through downregulation of HER2/HER3 signaling and upregulation of PTEN and, importantly, increased sensitivity to tamoxifen. ERβ has sometimes been suggested as a predictor of endocrine response; however, the mechanisms underlying this response are still unknown. Here we suggest a link between expression of ERβ and endocrine sensitivity.
Materials and methods
Cell cultures
T47-D cells with tetracycline-regulated expression of ERβ485 (T47-DERβ) [4] were routinely grown not expressing ERβ (-ERβ) in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Paisley, United Kingdom) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen) and 10 ng/mL doxycycline (Sigma, Stockholm, Sweden). For experiments, cells were grown for 24 to 168 hours prior to analysis in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2% heat-inactivated FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 10 ng/mL -ERβ or 0.01 ng/mL doxycycline +ERβ in the presence of vehicle alone, ethanol and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma), or in 10 nM 2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) (Tocris, Bristol, United Kingdom), 10 nM 4,4',4"-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT) (Tocris), 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) (Sigma), 10 nM 7-bromo-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (WAY) (Tocris), 100 nM ICI 182, 789 (ICI) (Tocris) or 100 to 1,000 nM 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OH-T) (Sigma). MCF-7 breast cancer cells with tetracycline-regulated expression of ERβ485 were treated in a similar manner. T47-DPBI cells (Mock) were used as controls.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays
Cells were grown in six-well tissue culture plates for 24 to 96 hours and lysed in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen), then RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized as described previously [46]. Quantitative real-time polymerase reaction assays (qRT-PCR) were performed with SYBR Green PCR Master Mix in an ABI PRISM 7500 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). The following primers were used: 18S forward 5'-CCTGCGGCTTAATTTGACTCA-3', reverse 5'-AGCTATCAATCTGTCAATCCTGTCC-3'; ERβ forward 5'-ACTTGCTGAACGCCGTGACC-3', reverse 5'-CAGATGTTCCATGCCCTTGTT-3'; HER2 forward 5'-AAAGGCCCAAGACTCTCTCC-3', reverse 5'-CAAGTACTCGGGGTTCTCCA-3'; HER3 forward 5'-GTCATGAGGGCGAACGAC-3', reverse 5'-AGAGTCCCAGGACACACTGC-3'; and PTEN forward 5'-GGGGAAGTAAGGACCAGAGAC-3', reverse 5'-TCCAGATGATTCTTTAACAGGTAGC-3'. Quantification was carried out following the supplier's protocols using the standard curve method.
Whole-cell extracts
Cells grown on plates were washed with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), transferred to Eppendorf tubes and pelleted by centrifugation. Cell pellets were freeze-thawed and resuspended with PBS-TDS buffer (PBS with 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma)), incubated for 30 minutes on ice and centrifuged at 11,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. Supernatants were collected for further analysis. Protein quantification was carried out using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, USA).
Western blot analysis
Forty micrograms of total cellular protein were separated using 7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Hybond-C; AmershamBuckinghamshire, United Kingdom). After blocking in 5% milk protein (wt/vol) in PBS, 0.1% Tween 20 (vol/vol) membranes were sequentially incubated with primary and secondary antibodies. The following antibodies were used: anti-ERβ (14021; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), GTX110607 (GeneTex, Irvine, USA), anti-phospho-HER3 tyr1289 (21D3; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA), anti-phospho-Akt pathway sampler kit (9916; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-phospho-HER2 antibody sampler kit (9923; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-PTEN (26H9; Cell Signaling Technology); anti-α-tubulin (11H10; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-EGFR (E12020; Transduction Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, USA), anti-HER3 (sc-285; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and anti-β-actin (Sigma). The secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase-conjugated (Sigma). Visualization was carried out using the ECL Plus kit (Amersham) or the SuperSignal West Pico kit (Pierce Biotechnology). At least three independent experiments were carried out.
Cells were cultured on sterilized glass coverslips in high- or low-doxycycline conditions for 4 days as described above. The cells were fixed by ice-cold methanol and ice-cold acetone for 10 minutes and 1 minute, respectively. Blocking of nonspecific binding was done with BlockAce (Dainippon Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) for 1 h at room temperature. The samples were then incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies at the indicated dilutions in 10% BlockAce in PBS: anti-HER2, 1:150 (29D8; Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-PTEN, 1:100 (26H9; Cell Signaling Technology). After washes with PBS, samples were incubated with corresponding Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated secondary antibody 1:500 (Invitrogen) and Hoechst 33342 5 μg/mL (Molecular Probes, Eugen, USA) in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. Samples were mounted with VECTASHIELD (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, USA) after washes with PBS. Negative controls were incubated without primary antibody. To compare staining intensity between different samples, pictures were obtained with fixed exposure time. Staining was repeated three times to confirm consistent results.
Fluorescence imaging
Pictures of fluorescence staining were captured with a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope using Zeiss Plan-Apochromat 63×/1.40 oil lens (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Images were acquired with a Zeiss AxioCam MRm camera under the same settings. Captured images were processed using the AxioVision Rel 4.6 program and edited using Adobe PhotoShop C54 software (Adobe, San Jose, USA), and the same adjustments were applied to all images.
Cell proliferation
T47-DERβ and MCF-7ERβ cells were cultured for 3 days in high (-ERβ) or low (+ERβ) doxycycline concentrations in the absence or presence of vehicle, E2 or WAY. On the third day, cells were replated on 96-well plates and allowed to adhere for 24 hours. Thereafter increasing concentrations of 4-OH-T were added. Growth medium was changed every other day. Cell viability was measured after 0, 5 and 7 days of incubation with 4-OH-T using a colorimetric assay (WST-1; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) following the manufacturer's suggestions. Measurement of absorbance was done using a SpectraMax 250 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA) against a background control as blank.
Statistical analysis
Differences between more than two groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple posttest using GraphPad software (GraphPad, San Diego, USA).
Results and discussion
AKT signaling is repressed by ERβ
Since addition of the ERβ ligand DPN exerted no stable, repeatable additional effect to that already observed following ERβ expression (Figure 1 and 1 data not shown), we investigated whether ER antagonists would prevent ERβ-induced decrease of Akt phosphorylation. For this purpose, ICI 182, 780 (ICI), a selective ER downregulator, and the selective estrogen modulator 4-OH-T were used. As expected, ICI induced complete downregulation of ERα (Figure 1D). ERβ protein levels were partially downregulated by ICI, whereas 4-OH-T had no significant effect on either ERα or ERβ protein levels (Figure 1E). Furthermore, ERα protein levels were reduced in cells expressing ERβ (Figures 1D and 1E). This latter finding was consistently observed in all inducible systems that we tested. Treatment with ICI or 4-OH-T did not inhibit the ERβ-induced decrease of pAkt levels. However, in ICI- or 4-OH-T-treated cells, the ERβ-induced decrease of pAkt levels was less than that in cells not exposed to ICI or 4-OH-T, suggesting a weak antagonistic action of ICI and 4-OH-T. In summary, in two different ERα-expressing human breast cancer cell lines, ERβ expression clearly reduced activation of the Akt signaling pathway.
ERβ regulation of HER2 and HER3 expression
Neither ICI nor 4-OH-T prevented ERβ-induced downregulation of HER3 protein levels (Figure 3B). qRT-PCR analysis showed that ICI and 4-OH-T both increased overall HER3 mRNA levels, which could be indicative of ERα, similarly to ERβ, having a repressive effect on HER3 mRNA expression. However, the ERα-selective ligand PPT had no effect on HER3 protein expression. Further studies are needed to explain this difference. ICI, but not 4-OH-T, clearly did not inhibit ERβ-induced downregulation of HER3 mRNA. The ICI-induced increase and ERβ-induced downregulation of HER3 mRNA levels in ICI-treated cells correlated well with HER3 protein levels. This was not obvious in 4-OH-T treated cells, where a difference was seen at the protein level but not at the mRNA level.
ERβ downregulates heregulin-induced activation of HER2/HER3 dimer and Akt
Heregulin-β1 (HRG-β1), a member of the EGFR family, is a ligand for HER3. As HER3 has no intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, it partners with other members of the EGFR family to initiate intracellular signaling. The preferred dimerization partner is HER2, which has tyrosine kinase activity. In the intracellular domain of HER3, there are six tyrosines that, upon phosphorylation by HER2, will serve as docking sites for the p85 adaptor subunit of PI3K. Thus, HRG-β1 activation of the HER2/HER3 dimer results in strong activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Exposure of T47-DERβ cells to HRG-β1 for 30 minutes also dramatically increased levels of pAkt (Figure 4A). At this time point, ERβ expression did not decrease levels of phosphorylated Akt. However, a time study of HRG-β1-stimulated cells showed that from 2 hours onward, ERβ presence decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt (Figure 4B). One possible explanation for this could be that in the acute phase after HRG-β1 addition, there was a massive activation of Akt due to the already mutated PIK3CA in T47-DERβ cells, an activation that ERβ could not inhibit. However, ERβ could decrease levels of phosphorylated Akt after its peak activity, when the activity was still clearly above that in unstimulated cells (Figure 4A).
Exposure of cells to DPN, E2 or WAY (another ERβ selective agonist) did not influence levels of HRG-β1-induced phosphorylated HER2, HER3 and Akt (Figure 4A andAdditional file 3). To further investigate the Akt pathway in the context of endocrine sensitivity and ERβ expression, in addition to HRG-β1 treatment, cells were further treated with ICI or 4-OH-T (Figure 4A). ICI and 4-OH-T exposure both increased levels of phosphorylated HER2 and HER3 in the absence or presence of ERβ. An effect that may be related to increased total HER2 levels in cells treated with ICI or 4-OH-T (Figures 3A and 4A). However, levels of phosphorylated HER2 and pHER3 were clearly lower when ERβ was present.
PTEN levels increase following ERβ expression
Expression of ERβ sensitizes breast cancer cells to tamoxifen
In several experiments, the addition of agonist or antagonist did not increase or decrease the effect of ERβ expression on its own. This could indicate that in these breast tumor cells, ERβ is activated in a ligand-independent manner; for example, it is phosphorylated in the AF-1 domain and then is also less inhibited by antagonists that have a focus on ligand-binding and the AF-2 domain [49]. Further studies are needed to clarify this hypothesis with mapping of phosphorylated sites of ERβ in these cells. Interestingly, a recent report [52] shows that ERβ phosphorylated at serine 105 is associated with a good prognosis in breast cancer. A future challenge is to develop ligands that, in this setting, that is, ERβ-expressing breast cancers with increased kinase activity, could activate or increase the inhibitory effect of ERβ on Akt signaling.
Our results suggest a link between expression of ERβ and endocrine sensitivity by increasing PTEN levels and decreasing HER2/HER3 signaling, thereby reducing Akt signaling with subsequent effects on proliferation, survival and tamoxifen sensitivity of breast cancer cells. This study supports initiatives to further investigate whether ERβ presence in breast cancer samples is an indicator for endocrine response. Current therapies in ERα-positive breast cancers aim to impair ERα activity with antagonists or by removal of endogenous estrogens with aromatase inhibitors. Data from this study could be taken as indicative for using ERβ as a target in selected groups of breast cancer.
We thank Dr Anders Ström for providing us with T47-D-inducible and MCF-7 ERβ-inducible cells. This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer Fund and from the Welch Foundation. Luisa Helguero is supported by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation projects Ciencia 2008 and PTDC/SAU-ONC/112671/2009. The funding agencies had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Supplementary material
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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The baby was treated for hypothermia, cuts and bruises. Police are still looking for his mother.
Chicago Police have released a picture of a baby who was abandoned outside an apartment building earlier on Tuesday.The five-pound baby boy was wrapped in a plastic grocery bag with his umbilical cord still attached. A man found him early Tuesday morning outside an apartment building near Beacon and Wilson on the North Side.

subset: commoncrawl


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LAWRENCE, Kan. - Work is well underway at the new Earth, Energy & Environment Center at the University of Kansas.
P1 Group is completing the plumbing, electrical, sheet metal and telecommunications work. Adjacent to Lindley Hall, the EEEC Center will bring together geology and engineering faculty and students for energy and environmental research.
The Center will encompass two newly-constructed buildings that will connect via bridges to Lindley Hall and Learned Hall.
All Content © 2018 P1 Group, Inc.


text: Artists David Pettibone and Karl Koett are the organizers of this once a month event, open to all. The next session is on Monday, August 14, 5 – 8 PM. International Gallery of Contemporary Art, (in Anchorage, on D St between 4th and 5th) $15, current UAA students $5. Bring your own supplies. A few easels are available, but if you have a portable easel, you might like to bring it along.


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Words that start with aeronomist
Found 2 words that start with aeronomist. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with aeronomist. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing aeronomist
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Maurizio Returns With More Scenes From Nice!/
FSX/P3D. Wow a lot of focus on France the last 24 hours! First with LLH Creations announcing release of Chambéry-Savoie later this month, then Gratisim.fr releasing that super mega Paris cityscape absolutely for free! In the mean time, Orbx developer Maurizio Giorgi continues pressing on with his Cityscape Cote d'Azur which looks absolutely beautiful! See his latest shots posted just minutes before this post! Fresh shots coming at ya!


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Performing live in a band is a buzz like no other…
But the last thing you want is for something to go wrong with your equipment mid-performance, or to be so busy operating your gear on-stage that you can't even look up to interact with your bandmates and the crowd.
When Tom Marland joined Future Classic signees Panama, they were about to embark on the most important tour of their career thus-far. Soon, they would depart for SXSW (in Austin, Texas), before being due back in Australia to play a dream run of festival dates. They needed to deliver 10/10 performances, night after night.
So in preparation, Panama carefully re-evaluated their live setup, and in doing so, they managed to reduce both their on-stage complexity and their setup time. A key part of this consolidation, was replacing some of their manually operated hardware devices, with automation controlled software devices in Ableton Live.
In this, being Part 2 of a three part series on the inner-working of Panama's live setup (read Part 1 here), Tom Marland (guitar, keys & laptop) details exactly how they came to replace some of their hardware devices, through simple but clever techniques that are relevant to anyone using (or planning to use) Ableton Live on-stage.
Hardware vs Software (on stage)
As a band, the change over between other acts and your own at gigs and festivals can be a logistical nightmare.
SXSW's change overs are particularly infamous amongst bands and artists as on average, you are only allocated only 10 minutes for setups (getting everything set up onstage) & 10 minutes bump outs (getting everything off the stage).
We're a three-piece band with a lot of gear on stage: four synths, one guitar, one live drum kit + trigger pads, two microphones and a bunch of FX units. So naturally, in preparation for touring SXSW (and beyond) we wanted to simplify and reduce the onstage equipment wherever possible to cut down our setup time. Through a process of trial and elimination, we managed to replace two fundamental pieces of hardware we were using in our live set with a combination of Ableton Live's built in effects, automation and 3rd party plug-ins – which shaved significant time off our set up and reduced the complexity on-stage (lessening the chance something could go wrong).
Replacing the Vocal looper
Jarrah (vocals, keys) was previously using the TC Helicon VoiceLive Touch 2 Harmoniser as a live vocal looper to create a 3-layered vocal harmony for the track "How We Feel" – you can hear the harmonised vocal part at 0:08 (and later it's used again) below.
The the VoiceLive's record/overdub/play/stop functions were operated manually on stage by Jarrah and were quantized in time with the BPM of Ableton's MIDI clock. We realised however that we could utilise Ableton's Looper effect to achieve the same effect and by doing this have eliminated the TCHelicon hardware from our on-stage setup.
The way we use Ableton Live's Looper effect on-stage now is quite simple in nature and rather than having to be manually operated like the TCHelicon hardware was, the record/overdub/play/stop functions are now all controlled by automation. The Looper effect is set on a dedicated audio track for vocal looping in our live set, which I enable (record arm) with an assigned pad in the Novation Launchpad's "Mixer Mode" (see part 1 in this series for details on Panama's use of the Novation Launchpad live) when it's time to start looping , whilst the main vocal track is disabled before and during the loop (using another mapped pad on the Launchpad). The Looper effect then follows automation you can see below which controls what 'state' the Looper is in – record, overdub, play or stop.
As shown above, throughout bars 1-2 of the song the Looper effect's state is automated to be in the "Stop" state, which sets the Looper as inactive. In bars 3-7, the Looper kicks into Rec state, which records the 1st layer of the vocals for 4 bars. From bars 7-14 automation switches the Looper effect into the Overdub state and across these 8 bars that it's in the Overdub state, the 2nd layer of vocals are overdubbed for 4 bars from 7-10, then the 3rd layer of vocals are further overdubbed from bar 10 to 13. The 2nd and 3rd layer overdubbing also relies on having the Record mode of the Looper effect set to 4 bars, so that it overdubs itself twice within the range of 8 bars. At bar 15, the Looper's state is switched to the Play state (via automation) and it then continues to play back the 3 vocal layers as a four bar loop until it's automated to the Stop state at bar 23. The other key to this working is what Jarrah hears in his in-ear monitor mix, which is described in detail in part 1 of this series.
Goodbye Guitar Pedals & Amplifiers
The other piece of hardware we've now replaced with software was a multi-FX guitar pedal (Boss GT-8), which I had used for clean and distorted lead effects, as well as for looping live guitar. To replace the effects components I was using of the Boss GT-8, I now use Guitar Rig 5 by Native Instruments, which is an amazing amplifier and multi-effects modelling plug-in for guitar and bass.
The tricky part of making the change to using Guitar Rig 5 on-stage was figuring out how to substitute the GT-8's foot pedals, which I was using to control switching between effects. To overcome this, I've used track automation to execute such functions.
Several customised instances of Guitar Rig 5 (each one set up for a different guitar sound I need) are set up on a dedicated audio track in Live which is record armed and receives audio direct from my guitar (via a recording interface). These multiple Guitar Rig 5 devices are then switched "On" and "Off" using Device On automation which changes between the devices (and therefore changes between my required guitar sounds) as each track progresses.
If the guitar is not being used in a given track, the Track Activator for the guitar channel is automated to an "Off" state so that it is completely muted whilst I play other instruments.
I also use the Ableton Live Utility audio effect, on which the Gain is automated to replicate volume swells from a volume pedal as you can see in the following picture.
Similar to how Jarrah's vocal looping now works, in the track "Destroyer" I've also automated Live's Looper device to loop 8 bars of the palm muted clean guitar riff that kicks in at 0:33, so that I can then play lead guitar and synths whilst clean guitar riff loops throughout the rest of the track.
In a way, for me this new set up is like having an virtual guitar tech back of house (side of stage) who knows our songs inside out and switches between my required guitar FX accordingly, allowing me to focus wholly on performing and interacting with the other band members.
To Ableton, my trusty guitar tech – thank you.
Check out Part 1 of this series from Tom Marland on Panama's live setup, in which Tom explains their in-ear monitoring, submixes and audio interface setup. Tune in for the 3rd and final part: Controlling External Instruments.
Subscribe to our newsletter to keep up with our latest free tutorials, samples, video interviews and more.
Learn more about Producing Music with Ableton Live.


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My dear friend Amy is visiting from Colorado, so this will be pretty short. She used to live in Freiburg, so she's back to celebrate her favorite German holiday, Fasnacht.
It's similar to Carnival in many other places. Pagan rituals, witches, fire, candy and music. So right up my alley.
The entire thing is made up of parades in different villages. And it's all outside, oftentimes at night. In the mountains. No wonder there is fire involved. Because ladies and gents, it is cold out there.
This video is the end of my favorite parade so far, the torch parade in Elzach, where the marching bands play the same song over and over, the Narrin dance with torches and slap people with inflated pig bladders, and the whole thing is led by a big black devil with a pitch fork. At the end they throw their torches in a pit and dance around it. What's not to love?
This is one of my favorite things about the Germans. I've heard them say, "There is no such thing as bad weather, just bad clothing." There is nothing that keeps them indoors it would seem. So when it Rome (or Denzlingen) …
There is something really special about sharing something miserable, like the dead of winter, with several folks and feeling somehow like you've beaten it. I mean, when was the last time you voluntarily stood out in the cold for hours when the mercury dropped below freezing?
It bonds you together, I'm telling you. And then when it's over and you go your separate ways, your feet slowly thaw and you have nothing but fond memories, great photos and maybe some gummi bears.


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Inicio » Índice de gramática
SO - SUCH (tan / tal)
so / such en las oraciones subordinadas consecutivas (so /such inClauses of result)
The ice cream was so good.
She spoke so fast.
He works so much.
There are so many people that we should leave.
They were paying so little attention.
She's such a nice girl.
It's such an amazing record.
There were such loud noises.
He was in such bad mood.
The boy was seeing such a lot of toys.
There's such a lot of smoke.
M.B.V. 2007-2011 Bon's tips. Contacto: Bon's tips Esta
obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons


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Children are intrigued using the planets and stars, and who are able to blame them? It's staggering to consider that individuals distant lighting is really numerous suns and mobile phone industry's spinning with the void. You are able to bring a number of that question inside, with boys space wall decor. It's fast and simple to change your son or daughter's room into something amazing using the latest high-quality space wall graphics, the lush colors and detailed designs may be like a painter meticulously colored them manually!
Planets And Stars
You will find a multitude of different space wall peel off stickers for the budding astronomer. Create a type of the photo voltaic system, or construct your child's favorite constellation and among many packages that consists of stars! Combine stars for any highly textured look that will be great coupled with universe wallpaper. You may also create new star systems all of your own. To produce a space theme room having a specific color plan, you are able to incorporate a few of the popular wall transfer circles to create asteroids and planets. Obtainable in several colors, these are ideal for youngsters with an appreciation of space along with a winning super bowl team or lots of school spirit.
Space People Bed room Theme
Kids like to imagine themselves as people doing amazing things, with space wall graphics, you are able to bring the mobile phone industry's of the imagination to them. Space wall mural kits include all of the pieces you have to produce a space shuttle launch for youthful astronauts, or perhaps an alien encounter, for the junior paranormal specialist.
Space Observatory Room Theme
One fun method to use space wall graphics would be to build your child's room into an observatory or within a spaceship! Use fantastically detailed spaceship window wall wall art to produce beautiful space vistas you are able to mix all of them with other space cutouts to create your personal moments, or use your son or daughter so that they feel incorporated along the way. Including your son constitutes a massive difference whether they have a submit the procedure, kids feel a feeling of pride within their rooms and also have a opportunity to find out about do it yourself first-hands. They'll be truly excited to assist build the area designed room they have been fantasizing of.
Finishing Touches
Using the wall decor setup, you are able to move onto the particulars which make your living space sing. For your special touch, take a while to set up a spotlight lighting your sun wall decal. A number of flying disks or perhaps a space walk will make an excellent mobile, easily put together with obvious mono-filament hanging wire and figures. Simply fasten a strand of filament to every item therefore it dangles in the preferred position and tack these phones the ceiling. A lighted globe constitutes a great accent light. Choose blown metal add-ons by having an industrial turn to create a thrilling advanced room. Remember a roadmap from the moon or perhaps a planetary atlas to browse, along with a bulletin board with launch notes (or notes from Mother). You won't want to trigger for Mars without lots of astronaut frozen treats!


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My daughter decided she wanted
an ice cream party this year.
She is turning 5!
Oh my, where has the time gone?!
So in looking for inspiration,
I came across Eat Drink Chic's Ice cream party:
I am so enamored with her decor, it is so pretty!
What I love most, is that she shares the printables!!
What I love most, is that she shares the printables!!
You all know I love me some free printables!
You can go to her site
& print all of the things pictured!!
I printed the cute little lables for all the toppings,
the argyle cup covers to cover plain paper cups
and some of the smaller lables for things like
sprinkles, nuts and marshmallows!
I love this idea and it is even better when you can get all the trimmings for FREE!!
So head over to Eat Drink Chic & show some love!
I would also LOVE to attempt a cake
like this one from One Charming Party!
Now I am getting really excited!
I can't wait to show you how the party turns out!


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Gin and Botanicals
Dan Saladino explores the past, present and future of the most British of drinks, gin. And hears how a new generation of distillers is testing the boundaries of an old and familiar flavour.
For decades vodka was the spirit of choice, not just for James Bond, but also for bartenders and mixologists (a recent term for the people who develop new drink recipes and cocktails). But more recently people have been reaching out for more interesting and complex flavours to replace the neutral taste of vodka. Gin was perfect.
From as far back as the 12th century apothecaries had used juniper and its coniferous flavours in spirits to heal and revive. By the 17th century the Dutch had given us Geneva or Holland Gin, a rough, whisky like spirit with juniper at its base. As distilling techniques developed in the 19th century it became the refined gin we know today with juniper flavours being delicately mixed with botanicals like coriander, cinnamon, ginger and Orris.
It's the challenge of blending and experimenting with these flavours that has attracted a new generation of gin distillers. Dan Saladino explains the history that has made this 21st century gin craze possible and finds out what is now drawing people to what was once Britain's most notorious drink.
Producer: Dan Saladino.


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Before embarking on a new venture, starting a new business or adding a new group to your existing business you should test your new opportunity by using an evaluation model. We see too many people with a business idea, who neglect to undertake basic research and due diligence. Do not make this mistake. Preparation is the key to success.
If you are considering leaving your current job to set up a business in the same industry, you should take care to ensure that you are not in breach of the terms of your employment agreement. Anything you create while you are still employed may belong to your employer.
Your assets are the lifeblood of your business. It is important that they are adequately protected. You can protect some assets by registering a trademark, copyright or patent, or registering your assets with the relevant authority, for example, registering your lease with the department of lands, to obtain a greater level of security. Where registration is not available you may be able to get your lawyers to draft documents proving your ownership.
Non-disclosure agreements are contracts entered into between two or more parties, where some or all of the parties agree that certain types of information that pass from one party to the other will remain confidential. Non-disclosure agreements are used for various reasons, including where patent or trade mark protection has not been obtained or is unavailable, and to assist one party to evaluate another party's commercial products. The type of information that can be included under the umbrella of confidential information is virtually unlimited.
Successful entrepreneurs understand the need to share the rewards and the wealth created by a flourishing business to encourage motivation. Ultimately, the success of the enterprise will depend on the efforts of many people. There are many ways that you can share the rewards, including issuing shares, offering share options, distributing profits and providing bonuses.
There is a tendency for entrepreneurs to put off retaining the services of professional advisers until they have their businesses "on track" or have sufficient funding. This is a common mistake that can prove costly later on and inhibit business growth. You cannot be an expert in everything, so develop relationships with accountants, bankers, insurance brokers and lawyers from day one. In the long run this will save you time and money. It will assist you by enabling you to focus more of your time on doing what you do best, working on your business. Developing relationships with the right advisers will save you from being bogged down with compliance and governance tasks, as well as giving you access to expert advice which will benefit your business.
For further information please contact:
If you would like to republish this article, it is generally approved, but prior to doing so please contact the Marketing team at email@example.com
This article is not legal advice and the views and comments are of a general nature only. This article is not to be relied upon in substitution for detailed legal advice.
Liability limited by a scheme approved under professional standards legislation


text:
We're part of your team and take your projects and your success personally!
Personal, friendly, knowledgable service is the only way we roll!
We're real exhibit and print geeks with decades of experience!
BK7 20' x 20' Truss Kit with Cases, Graphics & Lights
BK7 20' x 20' Truss Kit
(as shown with cases, graphics & lights)
BK7 20' x 20' Truss Kit Floor Plan
List Price: $16,375.20
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Rent this display for as low as $1999.00
Call us at 800.697.4670 for details.
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Product Details & Description
BK7 20' X 20' Trilok truss display in UPS shippable cases with dye-sub graphics and lighting package.
Shipping Weight: 290 lbs.
view the graphic design template for this item
Item Number: BK7P
← Return to the "Trade Show Displays & Exhibit Booths | beautiful DISPLAYS" page


text:
In partnership with
Behavioural Insights for Education – a practical guide for parents, teachers and school leaders
This guide looks to equip parents, teachers and school leaders with more tools to make a difference in students' academic lives by setting out simple techniques informed by behavioural science. While policymakers and educational researchers have traditionally focused on big 'structural' factors, such as class sizes or budgets, behavioural scientists have instead been looking at the details of what parents, teachers and school leaders say and do.
The guide is broken down into three chapters :
Parents: this chapter focuses on how parents can use behavioural insights to help their children achieve both educational and personal goals. It includes topics like meta-cognition, self-control and mindset theory.
Teachers: this chapter provides practical ways for teachers to incorporate behavioural insights into how they teach and set up their classrooms. Topics include how to counteract negative self-perceptions and providing effective feedback.
School leaders: this chapter highlights the important role of school leaders and how they can apply behavioural insights to address some of the biggest challenges they face as heads of schools such as teacher recruitment, teacher retention and parental engagement.
Date PublishedJune 22, 2017


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Painted Poppy. Photo by Pauline DeForest
On Friday June 29 2012, at 5:05 P.M. I received a called that shattered my life as I know it. My partner of 31 on years had collapsed at work at the end of his shift. This set in motion a series of events that culminated in my partner' death on July 1 2012 at 9.15 P.M..
While this doesn't seem to be material for this blog, I have been writing, in these pages, about my experiences for over 7 years. I am deeply grateful for that body of work because it helped me in so many ways to cope, and find grace in what was happening.
In hindsight , the Universe had been preparing me for this event for the previous two weeks. Of course I couldn't have known it then, but certainly looking back I can clearly see I was being given the tools to cope with this sudden and unexpected loss.
I had just finished reading the The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment by Eckhart Tolle.The material in the last few chapters talked about letting go, giving up resistance, living in the moment, and the nature of transformation. My partner and I had had two deep spiritual conversations just the week before, plus a few passing remarks that seem to foreshadow what was to come.
A friend of mine rushed me to the hospital where we arrived just as my partner arrived in the ambulance.
I reached our niece just as she was passing out of cell phone range to tell her the news. She returned the next day and was with me every step of the way after that. She was there at my side when one of her uncle passed across to the other side. I could not have done the journey without her and she was an amazing support through it all.
Friends from our extended family rushed to get to my house to take me back to he hospital, later that first day, and stayed by my side during the first difficult hours as my partner clung to life.
Another friend arrived right after my partner's death to stay a week with me and help me through some of the very difficult aftermath.
My son arrived the as well to be with me too. He was a godsend and a huge support.
That all these people were available to help me was a small miracle in itself because my three sisters were unavailable as only 24 hours before my sister lost her partner as well.
But it is the last hour of my partner's time with us I want to briefly describe. There is no way to express all of the emotions that where running though me, and my niece at the time.
My niece is a singer…and she sang some beautiful melodies to my partner as he fought for his life. And I told him the story of the land of magic and what he would see when he got there, and what to look for.( I will have that story available for you soon). He also had a small stuffed elephant…it being his spirit guide, who would be there to help him cross over.
While it was a painful, and heartbreaking moment it was also the most graceful and beautiful moment of my life.
Back here in the physical world I have a number of huge decisions to make. I have asked the Universe to guide me as I move forward. If you are open to the process, you will be open to receive the instructions you are sent. So in all situations I urge to look for the guidance that is always there.
While my life will change dramatically in the months ahead, I will continue to write and talk about the powerful inspiration of life itself, right here in this blog and anywhere else I can find a platform to talk about the magic of our existence in this magical mystical world.
With Love
Nick Grimshawe


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Sign In
Save and Track Your Favourite Properties
Welcome to Arichat on beautiful
Isle Madame.
Visit and enjoy the Fleur-de-Lis Trail!
Located on the southern most tip of Cape Breton Island, Isle Madame is a cluster of islands. It offers some of the most captivating scenery along the Fleur-de-Lis trail which loops around the main island. The village of Arichat is one of the oldest communities in Nova Scotia, dating back to the 1700's when tall ships ruled the seas. It was known as the most important shire town of Richmond County.
As you visit the islands you will constantly change vistas of the rocky coastline, inlets, coves and islands of Arichat harbour along the very edge of the shores. (see photo galleries)
Besides beautiful scenery, we have beautiful beaches, hiking trails, parks and great place for sailing, canoeing and kayaking


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The Dental Check-Up
Regular dental check ups play an important role in the maintenance of your oral health. They allow your dentist to monitor your teeth over time and catch any small problems before they turn into large ones.
It is recommended that each patient have a check up every 6 to 12 months depending on individual circumstances.
Here at Trigger Dental we encourage visits from a young age and give instruction on brushing and flossing technique to ensure good dental health between appointments.
What to expect
During your check up, your dentist will begin by asking if you have any particular problems or concerns about your oral health. Next they assess the health of your teeth and gums with a thorough oral examination.
As a regular part of maintaining healthy teeth and gums your dentist will then perform a scale and clean on your teeth, this is to remove any tar-tar (calculus) that forms around the base of the gums that can cause gum problems.
On your initial visit (and for adults approx every three years) your dentist will suggest that you have x-rays taken to check for any holes or hidden problems between your teeth.
Lastly the check up finishes with a polish of your teeth to leave your smile feeling clean and bright.


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Items DescriptionDiesel has long been synonymous with quality and cutting edge style. Welcome the Diesel watch collection. With the perfect fusion of class and chic, Diesel watches have secured their place in the fashion world. The Diesel watch collection exudes class and sophistication, matched only by its youthfulness and style. Diesel shows its prize-fighting colors bringing together the Diesel automatic movementas well as the industry standard of Analog and digital. Play ball with the major leagues, Diesel style. Specifications : Analog display Stainless steel case Precise Quartz movement Scratch resistant mineral crystal 50 meters water resistance Two years limited manufacturer warranty Come with the original Diesel boxSpecifications of Diesel dz5261
Brand Name Diesel Model number dz5261 Part Number dz5261 Model Year 2011 Item Shape Round Case diameter 43 millimeters Case Thickness 11 millimeters Band Material silver-plated-stainless-steel Band width 28 millimeters Band Color Brown Dial color Black Special features Water Resistant, Japanese Quartz Item weight 1 Pounds Water resistant depth 50 Meters Gender Women
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text:
Date and time
Event Enquiries
Tel.: 07772 577396
Event Location
Saffron Lane Athletics Stadium, Saffron Lane, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE2 7NQ
Event ID#
Please enter me for the above event.
I agree to abide by the UKA Rules of Competition for Combined Events.
I accept that the organiser will not be liable for any loss, damage, action, claim, cost or expenses which may arise in the consequence of my participation in or attendance to this event.
I declare that I will not attend unless I am in good health on the day of the event and accept that I attend at my own risk.
In the unlikely event of abandonment or cancellation, all or part of my entry fee may be retained for the management and administration of the event. No refunds or transfers allowed under any circumstances.
I have read the accompanying notes entitled "Combined Events 2014 Entry Information"
You should collect your race pack/number at the venue on the day at the event. Please arrive in good time.
Name: Cherie D'Silva
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Suggested Articles
- Why Bitcoin Cash is Better than Bitcoin?
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South Korea Taxes Exchanges
We believe that, though the prices have weakened in the short term, this should be good for the crypto industry in the medium and the long term as this would mean that the fears of the crypto exchanges being shutdown are unfounded. These fears would begin to fade in a slow manner and this would be beneficial as more regulation is there, the more it is likely to attract the bigger traders and investors. This is also likely to provide the template for other countries on how they would need to regulate this industry in the medium term. This confidence and removal of uncertainty should help the prices to move up gradually as the demand picks up once again.
The ETH prices have also slipped below the $1000 region on account of these reports but since the morning, we are seeing the ETH market trading in a buoyant manner and just short of the $1000 region as of this writing. Like the BTC market, we believe that the ETH market would also begin to attract some demand in the medium term which should drive the prices higher.
For the rest of the day, expect some consolidation to happen as the market digests the news. The exchanges have also been mandated to not allow virtual accounts and foreign persons to trade and it would take a while for the markets to settle down following this news. Once that happens, the consolidation period is likely to be over and we should see the prices moving up from here.


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The workshop was held to educate the public regarding the design fallacies in public policies in Pakistan. The lessons were drawn from varied policies such as trade policy, declining of cinema industry in Pakistan and education policy. The consequences of these policies were explained by making comparisons to areas where there is no policy or where the private sector is operating. Participants were encouraged to think about consequences of their choices, ideas and actions and to compare possible alternatives to solve the social and economic problems in Pakistan.
PRIME Workshop: "Policies have consequences: Lessons from
Pakistan's Policy Experiments"
Posted by Policy Research Institute of Market Economy –
PRIME on Thursday, 25 September 2014


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This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
This conference was supported with grants provided by the Office of the Vice-President, Research & Innovation, the Office of the Dean of Arts, and the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, Ryerson University.


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Be the first cleveland.com user to add photos or videos of Jack's Automotive
Jack's Automotive can be found at W Alexis Rd 210. The following is offered: Auto Repairs. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In Toledo there are 81 other Auto Repairs. An overview can be found here.
Since 2010 the company has been providing General Automotive Repair Shops.


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Asteroids 3D is a 3D flight-sim-style remake of the classic arcade game, which runs under Win32 with DirectX 8.1 or higher. This version contains new twists, such as timed waves, martian fighters, and communication satellites to defend!Asteroids requires a version of Windows (98/ME/NT/XP/2000 should all be ok) with DirectX 8.1 (NOT DirectX 8.0 or 8.0a).StoryAt 0400 hours, we received confirmation from NASA that an asteroid field larger than any recorded in the history of civilization is headed for a direct collision course with Earth. If just one of these asteroids were to hit Earth's surface, the impact would measure at approximately 50 megatons - 4,000 times the explosive power of the fission bomb used on Hiroshima.Our entire military fleet is currently at war with the Martians and, as fate would have it, the asteroid field is too far away from Mars to reassign a Commander. You are the only armed ship within reach of the field.Your mission is simple: Eliminate all asteroids. Our information sources believe gravitational forces have banded the asteroid field into eight waves. This will provide time between each wave to repair your ship.Scientific analysis has shown the asteroids' outer shells are coated in almandine carconite, a rare, highly explosive mineral which is normally only safe at extremely low temperatures. This means a single shot from a laser turret will suffice to blow the asteroid into pieces, but be warned! The explosion will be so large that you are advised to stay well back. A severe explosion could interfere with your guidance systems, or ultimately obliterate your ship.The entire fate of the world rests in your hands. Good luck.
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Stephanie Pippin's poems have appeared in Boston Review, The Iowa Review, and Ploughshares. She lives in St. Louis, Missouri. (updated 4/2009)
AGNI has published the following work by Stephanie Pippin:
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Elisabeth Miller
Violin Teacher
Elisabeth Nielson Miller began studying the violin at the age of 3 as the third child in a Suzuki family. She began piano at the age of 5 and has played both instruments since then. Her teachers include Hiroko Primrose, Liz Westerlund Arbus, Tammy Cardon, Cheryl Norman, Reid Nibley, Ralph Matson, and Sheila Fiekowski. She has played in countless masterclasses and performances across the United States. She earned her Bachelor's and Master's degrees at the University of Utah where she graduated summa cum laude in 2006. During her undergraduate studies she was awarded an Honors at Entrance Scholarship and was named the Presser Scholar in the Fall of 2003.
In 1998 Libby founded the Nielson Studio in Highland, Utah. By the summer of 2010 the Nielson Studio had 55 students enrolled, ranging in age from 3 to 18, Twinkles to Mendelssohn. Students came weekly for private lessons, group classes, and frequent recitals. Libby created Tuning Up!, a summer string program, for her students in 2001 which was held annually through Summer 2010 when she relocated to Boston, Massachusetts. In addition to Tuning Up!, Libby has been on faculty at the Somerville String Camp, Timpanogos Chamber Orchestra, Timpanogos Summer String Camp, and Mountain Ridge Summer Strings. She is currently a chamber coach for the New England Conservatory Prep Division and at St. Mark's School. She is frequently invited to adjudicate local Solo and Ensemble festivals.
Libby is actively involved in the Suzuki Association of the Americas, Suzuki:MA (the Massachusetts Suzuki organization), and The American String Teacher Association (ASTA). As a member of ASTA, she attends monthly seminars and lectures presented by local master teachers. Libby currently serves as the vice-president of Suzuki:MA and frequently volunteers at local Suzuki events. While living in Utah, she was the Utah County Graduation Coordinator for four years.
An advocate for teacher training and continuing education, Libby attends teaching symposiums and summer camps yearly. She has attended the biannual Starling-DeLay Symposium at Julliard since 2007 and has spent many summers at the Intermountain Suzuki String Institute in Draper, Utah completing her Suzuki Training. Her Teacher Trainers include Edmund Sprunger, Edward Kreitman, Linda Fiore, Cathy Lee, and Gabe Bolkovsky. She is currently completing long-term Suzuki training at the Hartt School of Music, studying under Teri Einfeldt.
She feels it is very important to be actively involved in the musical community she lives in—meeting and collaborating with fellow teachers, volunteering at local school programs, and participating in community orchestras and ensembles. She is currently a member of the Orchestra at Temple Square and the New Philharmonia and is a founding member of the Lynwood String Quartet and the Sylvan String Quartet. She has played with the Utah Symphony, the Utah Philharmonia, the Mt. Olympus String Quartet, the Maywood String Quartet, and Silver Strings. She is an active studio musician and has played in concert with Josh Groban, Harry Connick, Jr., Peter Cetera, the King's Singers, Natalie Cole, Audra MacDonald, Maureen Mcgovern, and others.


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By Kieran Guilbert
DAKAR (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Post offices across Africa are helping poor people in rural areas access financial services and provide a cheaper way for migrants to send money home, a U.N. agency said on Monday.
More than 15 percent of adult Africans - nearly 100 million people - use the tens of thousands of post offices and agencies across the continent to access basic financial services, said the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
Trust in post offices - and the small sums needed to open accounts - make them attractive to people such as the elderly, women and farmers who may otherwise be reluctant to visit banks, IFAD said in a report.
"In Africa, post offices are now considered part of the nation's social fabric and an immediate access point to financial services," Pedro De Vasconcelos, coordinator of the Financing Facility for Remittances at IFAD, said in a statement.
Post offices are also playing a growing role in delivering migrant remittances, with their low sender fees putting competitive pressure on money transfer operators like Western Union and MoneyGram, according to the report by the U.N. agency.
The cost of sending remittances to African post offices is 6.4percent, lower than the global average of 7.4percent, and the average for Africa, which stands at 9.6percent, said IFAD.
In a growing number of African countries, post offices offer a remittance service at an average cost of 5 percent or less, moving towards the U.N. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) global target of less than 3 percent by 2030, the report found.
Remittances to Africa last year totaled $64 billion, which is set to rise to $80 billion by 2020 amid growing migration within the continent as well as towards Europe, said IFAD, which gives grants and loans for agriculture in developing countries.
Liberia and Gambia are the African nations which rely heaviest on money sent back home, with remittances making up 31 percent and 22 percent of their gross domestic product (GDP) respectively in 2015, according to data from the World Bank.
While on average only around 3 percent, some $2 billion, of remittances sent to Africa are received through post offices, in countries where they play an active role, their market share in remittances has grown to up to 20 percent, the IFAD report said.
Given their growing influence, post offices in the continent should encourage people picking up remittances to open savings accounts, said IFAD, which is this week hosting a conference on remittances and postal networks in the Ivorian capital Abidjan.
(Reporting By Kieran Guilbert, Editing by Ros Russell; Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, corruption and climate change. Visit news.trust.org)


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Re: Mary Albaugh Stull b. 1790-1800 per
In reply to:
Mary Albaugh Stull b. 1790-1800
I have your Mary albaugh who married Geo Stull. The only families I have are Samuel, then Mary who married Wm. Darling, They had one child Delia. That is all I have that direction. I would like more.
Mary was the dau of John Peter Albaugh and Sarah Leah Cook. He in turn was a son of John Gerhard (George?) Albaugh, a sopn of the immigrant Zachariah.
I have extensive information on these early generations. Let me know if interested.
M. Neverman
More Replies:
Re: Mary Albaugh Stull b. 1790-1800 per
Brian Payne 11/08/06


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Instruments: Piano, Voice
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Key: A Minor (Transposable)
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Words containing downgradi
Found 2 words containing downgradi. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain downgradi. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with downgradi
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The Bears hosted the Los Angeles Rams in the NFC championship game on January 12, 1986. It was a suitably cold and windy day in Chicago, and the Rams looked as if they longed for the temperate climes of southern California. Bears defensive end Dan Hampton said he could see defeat in their eyes even at the opening coin toss. When the Rams won the flip and elected to receive, the crowd of 63,522 cheered, figuring the Bear defenders would push them backward.
From the start, Los Angeles quarterback Dieter Brock (10-for-31 passing) and running back Eric Dickerson (17 carries for 46 yards) were wholly ineffective. Dickerson, supposed to be the man who would eventually break Walter Payton's lifetime rushing mark, had gained a playoff-record 234 yards against Dallas the week before. The Bears held him to less than three yards per attempt and forced him to fumble twice. "If they would have run him more," said defensive coordinator Buddy Ryan, who had predicted three fumbles by Dickerson, "he would have had three."
In the third quarter, Dickerson and Bears middle linebacker Mike Singletary—Southwest Conference rivals at S.M.U. and Baylor, respectively—renewed their acquaintance in the Rams' backfield. Dickerson had just taken a handoff when he blasted into Singletary filling the gap and stopped dead in his tracks; he moved not one inch forward after meeting up with the Bears' middle linebacker. "I like this kind of party!" Singletary shouted to the Rams. "I'm going to be here all day."
Bears quarterback Jim McMahon, meanwhile, was brilliant. Despite the weather, he hit on 16 of 25 passes for 164 yards. On the Bears' first series, he ran 16 yards for a touchdown on a play that was called as a pass. Later he passed for a touchdown on a play called as a run. "The coach sent in a play I didn't agree with," McMahon said, "so I called my own." His 22-yard strike to Willie Gault put the Bears ahead 17-0, and the outcome was decided. The Bears would be NFC champions.
The fans began to chant: "Super Bowl, Super Bowl." Late in the fourth quarter, the hapless Brock dropped back to pass and was flung to the turf by Richard Dent. The ball popped loose. Linebacker Wilber Marshall picked it up at midfield and headed into Rams territory with Otis Wilson escorting him. Just then, it started to snow.
Marshall and Wilson romped 52 yards to the Los Angeles end zone all alone, while the crowd cheered both them and the snow. As the final minutes ticked away, the Bears briefly abandoned the business-as-usual demeanor that had characterized them all year. The embraced one another on the sideline, and head coach Mike Ditka congratulated each man individually. Safety Dave Duerson asserted that Ditka even became choked up. The final score was 24-0.
"The way we were playing defense," said Ditka, "it didn't matter what we scored."The Bears became the first team ever to post back-to-back playoff shutouts.
The Bears were headed to New Orleans for the first Super Bowl in franchise history and their first championship game since 1963. They would make the trip worthwhile.


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In this conversation with The Present of Yoga founder Niraj Shah, Reclaim Your SELF Healthy Holidays founder Jools Sampson shares her advice on how to run a successful yoga retreat. Having created and delivered retreats for over 10 years, often in adventurous locations, she is a "veteran" of the sector. A must listen for anyone who is involved in or interested in this rapidly growing area!
Press play or download below:
Note: there is a known widespread issue with some iPhones accessing audio files, if you cannot see the player above then please click here to listen to or download the conversation.


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Geofences (regions)
Geofences are not accurate. It's device dependent and you need to move at least a couple of meters in order to trigger a change. In case of an iPhone, you might even need to move a couple of hundred meters. The radius of a geofence should be at least 50 meters. With testing we had situations where a geofence threshold could be up to another 50 meters. So, it's not advisable to have multiple geofences with a small radius near each other. Or at least run some tests when you need to.
As a rule of thumb, use geofences to target large regions and Bluetooth beacons for detailed object or place related content. For example, you could set up one geofence for a store, and multiple beacons for products.
Bluetooth beacons
While Bluetooth beacons are more precise, there are differences in response for 30 seconds or more depending on device and situation. Especially when triggering out-of-range scenarios, because the device needs to make sure there the bluetooth signal is gone and that it's no temporary lag. You can configure the range (signal strength) and polling interval of a beacon with the manufacturer's app. The higher the interval, the faster the response, but the more battery power it will take.
Bluetooth signals are blocked by metal, water and concrete. Since humans are 60% water, you might want to place the beacons at ceiling level for crowded places.


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Blue Bunk Beds coaster furniture 460181 twin over full navy blue bunk bed | full Blue Bunk Beds campground collection twin over twin bunk bed in navy blue – kids Blue Bunk Beds corliving dakota navy blue twin/single bunk bed-bdn-220-b… Continue Reading →
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National Geographic magazine has published a tag map of US surnames compiled by geographers at University College London (UCL), James Cheshire, Paul Longley and Pablo Mateos.
The February 2011 issue of National Geographic (page 22-23) includes a double spread with this innovative map of the US most common surnames by State
An on-line version of the map and article is available at:
"What's in a Surname? A new view of the United States based on the distribution of common last names shows centuries of history and echoes some of America's great immigration sagas. To compile this data, geographers at University College London used phone directories to find the predominant surnames in each state. Software then identified the probable provenances of the 181 names that emerged.
Many of these names came from Great Britain, reflecting the long head start the British had over many other settlers. The low diversity of names in parts of the British Isles also had an impact. Williams, for example, was a common name among Welsh immigrants—and is still among the top names in many American states.
But that's not the only factor. Slaves often took their owners' names, so about one in five Americans now named Smith are African American. In addition, many newcomers' names were anglicized to ease assimilation. The map's scale matters too. "If we did a map of New York like this," says project member James Cheshire, "the diversity would be phenomenal"—a testament to that city's role as a once-and-present gateway to America. —A. R. Williams"
The data derive from a UCL research project titled "Worldnames" and Mateos (2007) Onomap name-to-ethnicity classification. More information and worldwide coverage of surnames at:


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N64 Location:Edit
Go to the Wasteland and enter the Temple Of Life. Go to location with the Baton and go to the altars. Go into the 2nd from right alter! (Flame Grilled)
Dreamcast Location:Edit
Gardelle County Jail (Helicopter Area) - Go to Dr. Death's Schism Gate and go to where you fight the helicopter and destroy it. Then, go to the tunnel to the right of the entrance. The "Secret Activated" message will appear.
PC Location:Edit
Temple Of Fire - Pool of blood room with the two blood waterfalls and two different ramps going around the room. Go up the ramp and shoot the second panel to open the passageway. Go inside and then proceed up the big ramp. Jump on the railing to the left and jump towards a hallway in the wall. You should grab the ledge in front of it. Pull yourself up. The "Secret Activated" message will appear.
Alternatve way is to come back when you have the flambeau go to the top of the blood pool room and enter the passageway, use the flambeau on one of the skin doors then it will lead you to the cheat location.


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Podcasts can help you relax and improve your sense of wellbeing, educate you and keep you up-to-date on what's happening with mental health.
They're designed to fit around your lifestyle and provide an introduction to the skills and techniques that can help you live a mentally healthier life.
Choose a podcast from one of the sites below sit back and relax.


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The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center announced on Wednesday a realignment of collective and individual equipment into the Joint Service Physical Protection Engineering Branch.
The new JSPPE branch combines the Collective Protection and Individual Protection teams so that they could collaborate and work closer. The combination of teams will also allow for more resources and experienced personnel to be brought to the forefront of equipment development.
"We're able to draw off the technical resources - there's a lot of back and forth between ColPro and IP staff because we have common issues," Trish Weiss, IP team leader, said. "The combined Branch has been a really good thing for us."
The IP team will continue to aid with the current fielding of the Joint Service General Purpose Mask, the M50 and the Joint Service Aircrew Mask. It will also continue to give support to the Combat Support Team by helping conduct personal protective equipment training.
The ColPro team will continue to focus on the protection of multiple people and will especially focus on sustaining the legacy ColPro equipment, support to active acquisition programs, and support to protected fixed site facilities. Its responsibilities will still focus on maintain and fielding various ColPro systems, like protective filtration systems.